window.__IS_SSR__=true
window.__INITIAL_STATE__={
"attachmentsReducer": {
"audio_0": {
"type": "attachments",
"id": "audio_0",
"imgSizes": {
"kqedFullSize": {
"file": "https://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/themes/KQED-unified/img/audio_bgs/background0.jpg"
}
}
},
"audio_1": {
"type": "attachments",
"id": "audio_1",
"imgSizes": {
"kqedFullSize": {
"file": "https://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/themes/KQED-unified/img/audio_bgs/background1.jpg"
}
}
},
"audio_2": {
"type": "attachments",
"id": "audio_2",
"imgSizes": {
"kqedFullSize": {
"file": "https://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/themes/KQED-unified/img/audio_bgs/background2.jpg"
}
}
},
"audio_3": {
"type": "attachments",
"id": "audio_3",
"imgSizes": {
"kqedFullSize": {
"file": "https://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/themes/KQED-unified/img/audio_bgs/background3.jpg"
}
}
},
"audio_4": {
"type": "attachments",
"id": "audio_4",
"imgSizes": {
"kqedFullSize": {
"file": "https://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/themes/KQED-unified/img/audio_bgs/background4.jpg"
}
}
},
"placeholder": {
"type": "attachments",
"id": "placeholder",
"imgSizes": {
"thumbnail": {
"file": "https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/12/KQED-Default-Image-816638274-2000x1333-1-160x107.jpg",
"width": 160,
"height": 107,
"mimeType": "image/jpeg"
},
"medium": {
"file": "https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/12/KQED-Default-Image-816638274-2000x1333-1-800x533.jpg",
"width": 800,
"height": 533,
"mimeType": "image/jpeg"
},
"medium_large": {
"file": "https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/12/KQED-Default-Image-816638274-2000x1333-1-768x512.jpg",
"width": 768,
"height": 512,
"mimeType": "image/jpeg"
},
"large": {
"file": "https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/12/KQED-Default-Image-816638274-2000x1333-1-1020x680.jpg",
"width": 1020,
"height": 680,
"mimeType": "image/jpeg"
},
"1536x1536": {
"file": "https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/12/KQED-Default-Image-816638274-2000x1333-1-1536x1024.jpg",
"width": 1536,
"height": 1024,
"mimeType": "image/jpeg"
},
"fd-lrg": {
"file": "https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/12/KQED-Default-Image-816638274-2000x1333-1-1536x1024.jpg",
"width": 1536,
"height": 1024,
"mimeType": "image/jpeg"
},
"fd-med": {
"file": "https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/12/KQED-Default-Image-816638274-2000x1333-1-1020x680.jpg",
"width": 1020,
"height": 680,
"mimeType": "image/jpeg"
},
"fd-sm": {
"file": "https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/12/KQED-Default-Image-816638274-2000x1333-1-800x533.jpg",
"width": 800,
"height": 533,
"mimeType": "image/jpeg"
},
"post-thumbnail": {
"file": "https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/12/KQED-Default-Image-816638274-2000x1333-1-672x372.jpg",
"width": 672,
"height": 372,
"mimeType": "image/jpeg"
},
"twentyfourteen-full-width": {
"file": "https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/12/KQED-Default-Image-816638274-2000x1333-1-1038x576.jpg",
"width": 1038,
"height": 576,
"mimeType": "image/jpeg"
},
"xxsmall": {
"file": "https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/12/KQED-Default-Image-816638274-2000x1333-1-160x107.jpg",
"width": 160,
"height": 107,
"mimeType": "image/jpeg"
},
"xsmall": {
"file": "https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/12/KQED-Default-Image-816638274-2000x1333-1-672x372.jpg",
"width": 672,
"height": 372,
"mimeType": "image/jpeg"
},
"small": {
"file": "https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/12/KQED-Default-Image-816638274-2000x1333-1-672x372.jpg",
"width": 672,
"height": 372,
"mimeType": "image/jpeg"
},
"xlarge": {
"file": "https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/12/KQED-Default-Image-816638274-2000x1333-1-1020x680.jpg",
"width": 1020,
"height": 680,
"mimeType": "image/jpeg"
},
"full-width": {
"file": "https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/12/KQED-Default-Image-816638274-2000x1333-1-1920x1280.jpg",
"width": 1920,
"height": 1280,
"mimeType": "image/jpeg"
},
"guest-author-32": {
"file": "https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2025/01/KQED-Default-Image-816638274-1333x1333-1-160x160.jpg",
"width": 32,
"height": 32,
"mimeType": "image/jpeg"
},
"guest-author-50": {
"file": "https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2025/01/KQED-Default-Image-816638274-1333x1333-1-160x160.jpg",
"width": 50,
"height": 50,
"mimeType": "image/jpeg"
},
"guest-author-64": {
"file": "https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2025/01/KQED-Default-Image-816638274-1333x1333-1-160x160.jpg",
"width": 64,
"height": 64,
"mimeType": "image/jpeg"
},
"guest-author-96": {
"file": "https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2025/01/KQED-Default-Image-816638274-1333x1333-1-160x160.jpg",
"width": 96,
"height": 96,
"mimeType": "image/jpeg"
},
"guest-author-128": {
"file": "https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2025/01/KQED-Default-Image-816638274-1333x1333-1-160x160.jpg",
"width": 128,
"height": 128,
"mimeType": "image/jpeg"
},
"detail": {
"file": "https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2025/01/KQED-Default-Image-816638274-1333x1333-1-160x160.jpg",
"width": 160,
"height": 160,
"mimeType": "image/jpeg"
},
"kqedFullSize": {
"file": "https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/12/KQED-Default-Image-816638274-2000x1333-1.jpg",
"width": 2000,
"height": 1333
}
}
},
"quest_10190": {
"type": "attachments",
"id": "quest_10190",
"meta": {
"index": "attachments_1716263798",
"site": "quest",
"id": "10190",
"found": true
},
"parent": 10188,
"imgSizes": {
"kqedFullSize": {
"file": "https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/39/2010/11/WildFire1.jpg",
"width": 300,
"height": 199
},
"guest-author-96": {
"file": "https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/39/2010/11/WildFire1-96x96.jpg",
"width": 96,
"mimeType": "image/jpeg",
"height": 96
},
"guest-author-64": {
"file": "https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/39/2010/11/WildFire1-64x64.jpg",
"width": 64,
"mimeType": "image/jpeg",
"height": 64
},
"detail": {
"file": "https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/39/2010/11/WildFire1-75x75.jpg",
"width": 75,
"mimeType": "image/jpeg",
"height": 75
},
"guest-author-32": {
"file": "https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/39/2010/11/WildFire1-32x32.jpg",
"width": 32,
"mimeType": "image/jpeg",
"height": 32
},
"guest-author-128": {
"file": "https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/39/2010/11/WildFire1-128x128.jpg",
"width": 128,
"mimeType": "image/jpeg",
"height": 128
}
},
"publishDate": 1288973432,
"modified": 1288973432,
"caption": null,
"description": "\u003cp class=\"attachment\">\u003ca href='http://www.kqed.org/quest/files/2010/11/WildFire.jpg' title='WildFire'>\u003cimg width=\"300\" height=\"199\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2010/11/WildFire.jpg\" class=\"attachment-medium\" alt=\"WildFire\" title=\"WildFire\" />\u003c/a>\u003c/p>",
"title": "WildFire",
"credit": null,
"status": "inherit",
"isLoading": false,
"fetchFailed": false
},
"quest_10755": {
"type": "attachments",
"id": "quest_10755",
"meta": {
"index": "attachments_1716263798",
"site": "quest",
"id": "10755",
"found": true
},
"parent": 10753,
"imgSizes": {
"kqedFullSize": {
"file": "https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/39/2010/11/Turkey1.jpg",
"width": 300,
"height": 200
},
"guest-author-96": {
"file": "https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/39/2010/11/Turkey1-96x96.jpg",
"width": 96,
"mimeType": "image/jpeg",
"height": 96
},
"guest-author-64": {
"file": "https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/39/2010/11/Turkey1-64x64.jpg",
"width": 64,
"mimeType": "image/jpeg",
"height": 64
},
"detail": {
"file": "https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/39/2010/11/Turkey1-75x75.jpg",
"width": 75,
"mimeType": "image/jpeg",
"height": 75
},
"guest-author-32": {
"file": "https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/39/2010/11/Turkey1-32x32.jpg",
"width": 32,
"mimeType": "image/jpeg",
"height": 32
},
"guest-author-128": {
"file": "https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/39/2010/11/Turkey1-128x128.jpg",
"width": 128,
"mimeType": "image/jpeg",
"height": 128
}
},
"publishDate": 1290439195,
"modified": 1290439195,
"caption": null,
"description": "\u003cp class=\"attachment\">\u003ca href='http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2010/11/Turkey1.jpg' title='Turkey'>\u003cimg width=\"300\" height=\"200\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2010/11/Turkey1.jpg\" class=\"attachment-medium\" alt=\"Turkey\" title=\"Turkey\" />\u003c/a>\u003c/p>",
"title": "Turkey",
"credit": null,
"status": "inherit",
"isLoading": false,
"fetchFailed": false
},
"quest_10690": {
"type": "attachments",
"id": "quest_10690",
"meta": {
"index": "attachments_1716263798",
"site": "quest",
"id": "10690",
"found": true
},
"parent": 10656,
"imgSizes": {
"kqedFullSize": {
"file": "https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/39/2010/11/2_NASA_Ames_OREOS_471486main_OOREOS-Render2-PADOM-Deployed_800-60031.jpg",
"width": 300,
"height": 200
},
"guest-author-96": {
"file": "https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/39/2010/11/2_NASA_Ames_OREOS_471486main_OOREOS-Render2-PADOM-Deployed_800-60031-96x96.jpg",
"width": 96,
"mimeType": "image/jpeg",
"height": 96
},
"guest-author-64": {
"file": "https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/39/2010/11/2_NASA_Ames_OREOS_471486main_OOREOS-Render2-PADOM-Deployed_800-60031-64x64.jpg",
"width": 64,
"mimeType": "image/jpeg",
"height": 64
},
"detail": {
"file": "https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/39/2010/11/2_NASA_Ames_OREOS_471486main_OOREOS-Render2-PADOM-Deployed_800-60031-75x75.jpg",
"width": 75,
"mimeType": "image/jpeg",
"height": 75
},
"guest-author-32": {
"file": "https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/39/2010/11/2_NASA_Ames_OREOS_471486main_OOREOS-Render2-PADOM-Deployed_800-60031-32x32.jpg",
"width": 32,
"mimeType": "image/jpeg",
"height": 32
},
"guest-author-128": {
"file": "https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/39/2010/11/2_NASA_Ames_OREOS_471486main_OOREOS-Render2-PADOM-Deployed_800-60031-128x128.jpg",
"width": 128,
"mimeType": "image/jpeg",
"height": 128
}
},
"publishDate": 1290205344,
"modified": 1290205344,
"caption": null,
"description": "\u003cp class=\"attachment\">\u003ca href='http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2010/11/2_NASA_Ames_OREOS_471486main_OOREOS-Render2-PADOM-Deployed_800-60031.jpg' title='2_NASA_Ames_OREOS_471486main_OOREOS Render2 (PADOM Deployed)_800-600'>\u003cimg width=\"300\" height=\"200\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2010/11/2_NASA_Ames_OREOS_471486main_OOREOS-Render2-PADOM-Deployed_800-60031.jpg\" class=\"attachment-medium\" alt=\"2_NASA_Ames_OREOS_471486main_OOREOS Render2 (PADOM Deployed)_800-600\" title=\"2_NASA_Ames_OREOS_471486main_OOREOS Render2 (PADOM Deployed)_800-600\" />\u003c/a>\u003c/p>",
"title": "2_NASA_Ames_OREOS_471486main_OOREOS Render2 (PADOM Deployed)_800-600",
"credit": null,
"status": "inherit",
"isLoading": false,
"fetchFailed": false
},
"quest_10583": {
"type": "attachments",
"id": "quest_10583",
"meta": {
"index": "attachments_1716263798",
"site": "quest",
"id": "10583",
"found": true
},
"parent": 10577,
"imgSizes": {
"kqedFullSize": {
"file": "https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/39/2010/11/WS201Butterfly3001.jpg",
"width": 300,
"height": 200
},
"guest-author-96": {
"file": "https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/39/2010/11/WS201Butterfly3001-96x96.jpg",
"width": 96,
"mimeType": "image/jpeg",
"height": 96
},
"guest-author-64": {
"file": "https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/39/2010/11/WS201Butterfly3001-64x64.jpg",
"width": 64,
"mimeType": "image/jpeg",
"height": 64
},
"detail": {
"file": "https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/39/2010/11/WS201Butterfly3001-75x75.jpg",
"width": 75,
"mimeType": "image/jpeg",
"height": 75
},
"guest-author-32": {
"file": "https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/39/2010/11/WS201Butterfly3001-32x32.jpg",
"width": 32,
"mimeType": "image/jpeg",
"height": 32
},
"guest-author-128": {
"file": "https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/39/2010/11/WS201Butterfly3001-128x128.jpg",
"width": 128,
"mimeType": "image/jpeg",
"height": 128
}
},
"publishDate": 1290113488,
"modified": 1290113488,
"caption": null,
"description": "\u003cp class=\"attachment\">\u003ca href='http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2010/11/WS201Butterfly3001.jpg' title='WS201Butterfly300'>\u003cimg width=\"300\" height=\"200\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2010/11/WS201Butterfly3001.jpg\" class=\"attachment-medium\" alt=\"WS201Butterfly300\" title=\"WS201Butterfly300\" />\u003c/a>\u003c/p>",
"title": "WS201Butterfly300",
"credit": null,
"status": "inherit",
"isLoading": false,
"fetchFailed": false
},
"quest_240515": {
"type": "attachments",
"id": "quest_240515",
"meta": {
"index": "attachments_1716263798",
"site": "quest",
"id": "240515",
"found": true
},
"parent": 17548,
"imgSizes": {
"small": {
"file": "https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/39/2010/11/WS201Butterfly640-520x306.jpg",
"width": 520,
"mimeType": "image/jpeg",
"height": 306
},
"thumbnail": {
"file": "https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/39/2010/11/WS201Butterfly640-160x94.jpg",
"width": 160,
"mimeType": "image/jpeg",
"height": 94
},
"post-thumbnail": {
"file": "https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/39/2010/11/WS201Butterfly640-640x372.jpg",
"width": 640,
"mimeType": "image/jpeg",
"height": 372
},
"xsmall": {
"file": "https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/39/2010/11/WS201Butterfly640-375x220.jpg",
"width": 375,
"mimeType": "image/jpeg",
"height": 220
},
"kqedFullSize": {
"file": "https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/39/2010/11/WS201Butterfly640.jpg",
"width": 640,
"height": 376
},
"guest-author-50": {
"file": "https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/39/2010/11/WS201Butterfly640-50x50.jpg",
"width": 50,
"mimeType": "image/jpeg",
"height": 50
},
"guest-author-96": {
"file": "https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/39/2010/11/WS201Butterfly640-96x96.jpg",
"width": 96,
"mimeType": "image/jpeg",
"height": 96
},
"guest-author-64": {
"file": "https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/39/2010/11/WS201Butterfly640-64x64.jpg",
"width": 64,
"mimeType": "image/jpeg",
"height": 64
},
"detail": {
"file": "https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/39/2010/11/WS201Butterfly640-150x150.jpg",
"width": 150,
"mimeType": "image/jpeg",
"height": 150
},
"guest-author-32": {
"file": "https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/39/2010/11/WS201Butterfly640-32x32.jpg",
"width": 32,
"mimeType": "image/jpeg",
"height": 32
},
"guest-author-128": {
"file": "https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/39/2010/11/WS201Butterfly640-128x128.jpg",
"width": 128,
"mimeType": "image/jpeg",
"height": 128
},
"xxsmall": {
"file": "https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/39/2010/11/WS201Butterfly640-240x141.jpg",
"width": 240,
"mimeType": "image/jpeg",
"height": 141
}
},
"publishDate": 1486513342,
"modified": 1486513342,
"caption": null,
"description": null,
"title": "WS201Butterfly640",
"credit": null,
"status": "inherit",
"isLoading": false,
"fetchFailed": false
},
"quest_10460": {
"type": "attachments",
"id": "quest_10460",
"meta": {
"index": "attachments_1716263798",
"site": "quest",
"id": "10460",
"found": true
},
"parent": 10412,
"imgSizes": {
"kqedFullSize": {
"file": "https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/39/2010/11/crab3001.jpg",
"width": 300,
"height": 200
},
"guest-author-96": {
"file": "https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/39/2010/11/crab3001-96x96.jpg",
"width": 96,
"mimeType": "image/jpeg",
"height": 96
},
"guest-author-64": {
"file": "https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/39/2010/11/crab3001-64x64.jpg",
"width": 64,
"mimeType": "image/jpeg",
"height": 64
},
"detail": {
"file": "https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/39/2010/11/crab3001-75x75.jpg",
"width": 75,
"mimeType": "image/jpeg",
"height": 75
},
"guest-author-32": {
"file": "https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/39/2010/11/crab3001-32x32.jpg",
"width": 32,
"mimeType": "image/jpeg",
"height": 32
},
"guest-author-128": {
"file": "https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/39/2010/11/crab3001-128x128.jpg",
"width": 128,
"mimeType": "image/jpeg",
"height": 128
}
},
"publishDate": 1289939447,
"modified": 1289939447,
"caption": null,
"description": "\u003cp class=\"attachment\">\u003ca href='http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2010/11/crab3001.jpg' title='crab300'>\u003cimg width=\"300\" height=\"200\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2010/11/crab3001.jpg\" class=\"attachment-medium\" alt=\"crab300\" title=\"crab300\" />\u003c/a>\u003c/p>",
"title": "crab300",
"credit": null,
"status": "inherit",
"isLoading": false,
"fetchFailed": false
},
"quest_10446": {
"type": "attachments",
"id": "quest_10446",
"meta": {
"index": "attachments_1716263798",
"site": "quest",
"id": "10446",
"found": true
},
"parent": 10441,
"imgSizes": {
"kqedFullSize": {
"file": "https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/39/2010/11/Monarch-Cropped1.jpg",
"width": 300,
"height": 200
},
"guest-author-96": {
"file": "https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/39/2010/11/Monarch-Cropped1-96x96.jpg",
"width": 96,
"mimeType": "image/jpeg",
"height": 96
},
"guest-author-64": {
"file": "https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/39/2010/11/Monarch-Cropped1-64x64.jpg",
"width": 64,
"mimeType": "image/jpeg",
"height": 64
},
"detail": {
"file": "https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/39/2010/11/Monarch-Cropped1-75x75.jpg",
"width": 75,
"mimeType": "image/jpeg",
"height": 75
},
"guest-author-32": {
"file": "https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/39/2010/11/Monarch-Cropped1-32x32.jpg",
"width": 32,
"mimeType": "image/jpeg",
"height": 32
},
"guest-author-128": {
"file": "https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/39/2010/11/Monarch-Cropped1-128x128.jpg",
"width": 128,
"mimeType": "image/jpeg",
"height": 128
}
},
"publishDate": 1289925221,
"modified": 1289925221,
"caption": null,
"description": "\u003cp class=\"attachment\">\u003ca href='http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2010/11/Monarch-Cropped1.jpg' title='Monarch Cropped'>\u003cimg width=\"300\" height=\"200\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2010/11/Monarch-Cropped1.jpg\" class=\"attachment-medium\" alt=\"Monarch Cropped\" title=\"Monarch Cropped\" />\u003c/a>\u003c/p>",
"title": "Monarch Cropped",
"credit": null,
"status": "inherit",
"isLoading": false,
"fetchFailed": false
},
"quest_240517": {
"type": "attachments",
"id": "quest_240517",
"meta": {
"index": "attachments_1716263798",
"site": "quest",
"id": "240517",
"found": true
},
"parent": 17547,
"imgSizes": {
"small": {
"file": "https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/39/2010/10/WS115_FireAndButterflies640-520x293.jpg",
"width": 520,
"mimeType": "image/jpeg",
"height": 293
},
"thumbnail": {
"file": "https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/39/2010/10/WS115_FireAndButterflies640-160x90.jpg",
"width": 160,
"mimeType": "image/jpeg",
"height": 90
},
"xsmall": {
"file": "https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/39/2010/10/WS115_FireAndButterflies640-375x211.jpg",
"width": 375,
"mimeType": "image/jpeg",
"height": 211
},
"kqedFullSize": {
"file": "https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/39/2010/10/WS115_FireAndButterflies640.jpg",
"width": 640,
"height": 360
},
"guest-author-50": {
"file": "https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/39/2010/10/WS115_FireAndButterflies640-50x50.jpg",
"width": 50,
"mimeType": "image/jpeg",
"height": 50
},
"guest-author-96": {
"file": "https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/39/2010/10/WS115_FireAndButterflies640-96x96.jpg",
"width": 96,
"mimeType": "image/jpeg",
"height": 96
},
"guest-author-64": {
"file": "https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/39/2010/10/WS115_FireAndButterflies640-64x64.jpg",
"width": 64,
"mimeType": "image/jpeg",
"height": 64
},
"detail": {
"file": "https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/39/2010/10/WS115_FireAndButterflies640-150x150.jpg",
"width": 150,
"mimeType": "image/jpeg",
"height": 150
},
"guest-author-32": {
"file": "https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/39/2010/10/WS115_FireAndButterflies640-32x32.jpg",
"width": 32,
"mimeType": "image/jpeg",
"height": 32
},
"guest-author-128": {
"file": "https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/39/2010/10/WS115_FireAndButterflies640-128x128.jpg",
"width": 128,
"mimeType": "image/jpeg",
"height": 128
},
"xxsmall": {
"file": "https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/39/2010/10/WS115_FireAndButterflies640-240x135.jpg",
"width": 240,
"mimeType": "image/jpeg",
"height": 135
}
},
"publishDate": 1486513433,
"modified": 1486513433,
"caption": null,
"description": null,
"title": "WS115_FireAndButterflies640",
"credit": null,
"status": "inherit",
"isLoading": false,
"fetchFailed": false
},
"quest_9924": {
"type": "attachments",
"id": "quest_9924",
"meta": {
"index": "attachments_1716263798",
"site": "quest",
"id": "9924",
"found": true
},
"parent": 9922,
"imgSizes": {
"kqedFullSize": {
"file": "https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/39/2010/10/WS115_FireAndButterflies3001.jpg",
"width": 300,
"height": 200
},
"guest-author-96": {
"file": "https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/39/2010/10/WS115_FireAndButterflies3001-96x96.jpg",
"width": 96,
"mimeType": "image/jpeg",
"height": 96
},
"guest-author-64": {
"file": "https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/39/2010/10/WS115_FireAndButterflies3001-64x64.jpg",
"width": 64,
"mimeType": "image/jpeg",
"height": 64
},
"detail": {
"file": "https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/39/2010/10/WS115_FireAndButterflies3001-75x75.jpg",
"width": 75,
"mimeType": "image/jpeg",
"height": 75
},
"guest-author-32": {
"file": "https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/39/2010/10/WS115_FireAndButterflies3001-32x32.jpg",
"width": 32,
"mimeType": "image/jpeg",
"height": 32
},
"guest-author-128": {
"file": "https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/39/2010/10/WS115_FireAndButterflies3001-128x128.jpg",
"width": 128,
"mimeType": "image/jpeg",
"height": 128
}
},
"publishDate": 1288227922,
"modified": 1288227922,
"caption": null,
"description": "\u003cp class=\"attachment\">\u003ca href='http://www.kqed.org/quest/files/2010/10/WS115_FireAndButterflies300.jpg' title='WS115_FireAndButterflies300'>\u003cimg width=\"300\" height=\"200\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2010/10/WS115_FireAndButterflies300.jpg\" class=\"attachment-medium\" alt=\"WS115_FireAndButterflies300\" title=\"WS115_FireAndButterflies300\" />\u003c/a>\u003c/p>",
"title": "WS115_FireAndButterflies300",
"credit": null,
"status": "inherit",
"isLoading": false,
"fetchFailed": false
}
},
"audioPlayerReducer": {
"postId": "stream_live",
"isPaused": true,
"isPlaying": false,
"pfsActive": false,
"pledgeModalIsOpen": true,
"playerDrawerIsOpen": false,
"liveAudioPlayStartedAt": 0,
"liveAudioPlayContext": ""
},
"authorsReducer": {
"sheraz-sadiq": {
"type": "authors",
"id": "6176",
"meta": {
"index": "authors_1716337520",
"id": "6176",
"found": true
},
"name": "Sheraz Sadiq",
"firstName": "Sheraz",
"lastName": "Sadiq",
"slug": "sheraz-sadiq",
"email": "ssadiq@kqed.org",
"display_author_email": false,
"staff_mastheads": [],
"title": "KQED Contributor",
"bio": "Sheraz Sadiq is an Emmy Award-winning producer at San Francisco PBS affiliate KQED. In 2012, he received the AAAS Kavli Science Journalism award for a story he produced about the seismic retrofit of the Hetch Hetchy water delivery system which serves the San Francisco Bay Area. In addition to producing television content for KQED Science, he has also created online features and written news articles on scientific subjects ranging from astronomy to synthetic biology.",
"avatar": "https://secure.gravatar.com/avatar/d88c61c214e477c4c6f0ebaed4f581bf7c9b1dafd94cd4361285d427107adb8d?s=600&d=blank&r=g",
"twitter": null,
"bluesky": null,
"facebook": null,
"instagram": null,
"linkedin": null,
"sites": [
{
"site": "arts",
"roles": [
"subscriber"
]
},
{
"site": "news",
"roles": [
"subscriber"
]
},
{
"site": "futureofyou",
"roles": [
"subscriber"
]
},
{
"site": "science",
"roles": [
"subscriber"
]
},
{
"site": "quest",
"roles": [
"leadcoordinator",
"subscriber"
]
}
],
"headData": {
"title": "Sheraz Sadiq | KQED",
"description": "KQED Contributor",
"ogImgSrc": "https://secure.gravatar.com/avatar/d88c61c214e477c4c6f0ebaed4f581bf7c9b1dafd94cd4361285d427107adb8d?s=600&d=blank&r=g",
"twImgSrc": "https://secure.gravatar.com/avatar/d88c61c214e477c4c6f0ebaed4f581bf7c9b1dafd94cd4361285d427107adb8d?s=600&d=blank&r=g"
},
"isLoading": false,
"link": "/author/sheraz-sadiq"
},
"dr-barry-starr": {
"type": "authors",
"id": "6177",
"meta": {
"index": "authors_1716337520",
"id": "6177",
"found": true
},
"name": "Dr. Barry Starr",
"firstName": "Dr. Barry",
"lastName": "Starr",
"slug": "dr-barry-starr",
"email": "bstarr@thetech.org",
"display_author_email": false,
"staff_mastheads": [],
"title": "KQED Contributor",
"bio": "Dr. Barry Starr (\u003ca href=\"https://twitter.com/geneticsboy\">@geneticsboy\u003c/a>) is a Geneticist-in-Residence at The Tech Museum of Innovation in San Jose, CA and runs their Stanford at The Tech program. The program is part of an ongoing collaboration between the \u003ca href=\"http://genetics.stanford.edu/\">Stanford Department of Genetics\u003c/a> and \u003ca href=\"http://www.thetech.org/\">The Tech Museum of Innovation\u003c/a>. Together these two partners created the \u003ca href=\"http://www.thetech.org/exhibits/permanent/index.php?sGalKey=gtwt&galKey=lt\">Genetics: Technology with a Twist\u003c/a> exhibition.\r\n\r\nYou can also see \u003ca href=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/science/author/dr-barry-starr/\">additional posts by Barry at KQED Science\u003c/a>, and read his \u003ca href=\"http://science.kqed.org/quest/author/dr-barry-starr/\">previous contributions\u003c/a> to \u003ca href=\"http://science.kqed.org/quest/\">QUEST\u003c/a>, a project dedicated to exploring the Science of Sustainability.",
"avatar": "https://secure.gravatar.com/avatar/4a5680e4c642ea0f0f3041af16018969?s=600&d=blank&r=g",
"twitter": "geneticsboy",
"facebook": null,
"instagram": null,
"linkedin": null,
"sites": [
{
"site": "futureofyou",
"roles": []
},
{
"site": "science",
"roles": [
"author"
]
},
{
"site": "quest",
"roles": [
"subscriber"
]
}
],
"headData": {
"title": "Dr. Barry Starr | KQED",
"description": "KQED Contributor",
"ogImgSrc": "https://secure.gravatar.com/avatar/4a5680e4c642ea0f0f3041af16018969?s=600&d=blank&r=g",
"twImgSrc": "https://secure.gravatar.com/avatar/4a5680e4c642ea0f0f3041af16018969?s=600&d=blank&r=g"
},
"isLoading": false,
"link": "/author/dr-barry-starr"
},
"joshua-cassidy": {
"type": "authors",
"id": "6219",
"meta": {
"index": "authors_1716337520",
"id": "6219",
"found": true
},
"name": "Josh Cassidy",
"firstName": "Josh",
"lastName": "Cassidy",
"slug": "joshua-cassidy",
"email": "jcassidy@kqed.org",
"display_author_email": false,
"staff_mastheads": [
"science"
],
"title": "Digital Video Producer",
"bio": "Josh is a Senior Video Producer for KQED Science, and the Lead Producer and Cinematographer for Deep Look. After receiving his BS in Wildlife Biology from Ohio University, he went on to participate in marine mammal research for NOAA, USGS and the Intersea Foundation. He also served as the president of The Pacific Cetacean Group, a nonprofit organization dedicated to teaching students K-6 about whales. Josh studied science and natural history filmmaking at San Francisco State University and Montana State University.",
"avatar": "https://secure.gravatar.com/avatar/f2582a0801a35af53b734d56bcac2bbe?s=600&d=blank&r=g",
"twitter": null,
"facebook": null,
"instagram": null,
"linkedin": null,
"sites": [
{
"site": "science",
"roles": [
"editor"
]
},
{
"site": "quest",
"roles": [
"author",
"edit_others_posts"
]
}
],
"headData": {
"title": "Josh Cassidy | KQED",
"description": "Digital Video Producer",
"ogImgSrc": "https://secure.gravatar.com/avatar/f2582a0801a35af53b734d56bcac2bbe?s=600&d=blank&r=g",
"twImgSrc": "https://secure.gravatar.com/avatar/f2582a0801a35af53b734d56bcac2bbe?s=600&d=blank&r=g"
},
"isLoading": false,
"link": "/author/joshua-cassidy"
},
"chris-bauer": {
"type": "authors",
"id": "10169",
"meta": {
"index": "authors_1716337520",
"id": "10169",
"found": true
},
"name": "Chris Bauer",
"firstName": "Chris",
"lastName": "Bauer",
"slug": "chris-bauer",
"email": "cbauer@kqed.org",
"display_author_email": false,
"staff_mastheads": [],
"title": null,
"bio": "Chris Bauer is a Freelance Media Producer with over 20 years experience working in broadcast television; producing sports, history, technology, science, environment and adventure related programming. He is a two-time winner of the international Society of Environmental Journalists Award for Outstanding Television Story and has received multiple Northern California Emmy Awards. Some of his Quest stories have been featured in the San Francisco Ocean Film Festival, Jackson Hole Wildlife Film Festival, United Nations Association Film Festival, the BLUE Ocean Film Festival and the Environmental Film Festival in Washington DC. A 5th generation Bay Area resident and a graduate of St. Mary's College of California, his hobbies include canoeing, snowboarding, wood-working and trying to play the ukulele. He and his family live in Alameda, CA.",
"avatar": "https://secure.gravatar.com/avatar/d606424d49e072570290f2ab542490b0?s=600&d=blank&r=g",
"twitter": null,
"facebook": null,
"instagram": null,
"linkedin": null,
"sites": [
{
"site": "quest",
"roles": [
"subscriber"
]
}
],
"headData": {
"title": "Chris Bauer | KQED",
"description": null,
"ogImgSrc": "https://secure.gravatar.com/avatar/d606424d49e072570290f2ab542490b0?s=600&d=blank&r=g",
"twImgSrc": "https://secure.gravatar.com/avatar/d606424d49e072570290f2ab542490b0?s=600&d=blank&r=g"
},
"isLoading": false,
"link": "/author/chris-bauer"
},
"laura-khalil": {
"type": "authors",
"id": "10174",
"meta": {
"index": "authors_1716337520",
"id": "10174",
"found": true
},
"name": "Laura Khalil",
"firstName": "Laura",
"lastName": "Khalil",
"slug": "laura-khalil",
"email": "zazenergy@gmail.com",
"display_author_email": false,
"staff_mastheads": [],
"title": null,
"bio": "Laura is a marketer by day and nerd by night. She's the Chief Nerd Herder for \u003ca href=\"http://dorkbyte.com\">Dorkbyte\u003c/a>, a blog devoted to art, technology and science. She's been named one of the most engaging women to speak about technology and has been featured on \u003ca href=\"http://laura.khalil.usesthis.com/\">The Setup\u003c/a>. A member of \u003ca href=\"https://www.noisebridge.net/wiki/Noisebridge\">Noisebridge\u003c/a>, she is working on two robotics challenges, leading a puzzle team that competes in a variety of puzzle challenges throughout the US and monkeys around on ham amateur radio. She loves astronomy, Making and hardware hacking. She was most recently involved in teaching hardware circuitry at Maker Faire.Laura has executed marketing strategies and campaigns for tech startups in the Bay Area. Her work with social media has been inducted into the Viral Marketing Hall of Fame.",
"avatar": "https://secure.gravatar.com/avatar/903af34f5bba8fceeaf20b97ac72f2a1?s=600&d=blank&r=g",
"twitter": null,
"facebook": null,
"instagram": null,
"linkedin": null,
"sites": [
{
"site": "quest",
"roles": [
"subscriber"
]
}
],
"headData": {
"title": "Laura Khalil | KQED",
"description": null,
"ogImgSrc": "https://secure.gravatar.com/avatar/903af34f5bba8fceeaf20b97ac72f2a1?s=600&d=blank&r=g",
"twImgSrc": "https://secure.gravatar.com/avatar/903af34f5bba8fceeaf20b97ac72f2a1?s=600&d=blank&r=g"
},
"isLoading": false,
"link": "/author/laura-khalil"
},
"jennifer-skene": {
"type": "authors",
"id": "10200",
"meta": {
"index": "authors_1716337520",
"id": "10200",
"found": true
},
"name": "Jennifer Skene",
"firstName": "Jennifer",
"lastName": "Skene",
"slug": "jennifer-skene",
"email": "jen@skene.org",
"display_author_email": false,
"staff_mastheads": [],
"title": null,
"bio": "Jennifer Skene develops curriculum on climate change and ocean sciences at the Lawrence Hall of Science and teaches biology and science communication at Mills College and the University of California Berkeley. She has a degree in biology from Brown University and a Ph.D. in Integrative Biology from UC Berkeley. She started working with QUEST in 2008 as an intern. She has written for the Berkeley Science Review and the UC Museum of Paleontology’s Understanding Evolution and Understanding Science websites.",
"avatar": "https://secure.gravatar.com/avatar/aef770c1852a70b094a8f4ef2c3107e6?s=600&d=blank&r=g",
"twitter": null,
"facebook": null,
"instagram": null,
"linkedin": null,
"sites": [
{
"site": "quest",
"roles": [
"subscriber"
]
}
],
"headData": {
"title": "Jennifer Skene | KQED",
"description": null,
"ogImgSrc": "https://secure.gravatar.com/avatar/aef770c1852a70b094a8f4ef2c3107e6?s=600&d=blank&r=g",
"twImgSrc": "https://secure.gravatar.com/avatar/aef770c1852a70b094a8f4ef2c3107e6?s=600&d=blank&r=g"
},
"isLoading": false,
"link": "/author/jennifer-skene"
},
"david-mcguire": {
"type": "authors",
"id": "10217",
"meta": {
"index": "authors_1716337520",
"id": "10217",
"found": true
},
"name": "David McGuire",
"firstName": "David",
"lastName": "McGuire",
"slug": "david-mcguire",
"email": "sharkfilms@gmail.com",
"display_author_email": false,
"staff_mastheads": [],
"title": null,
"bio": "An avid writer, surfer and ocean voyager, \u003cstrong>David McGuire\u003c/strong> is the founder of the conservation non profit Sea Stewards and is an advocate for a healthy ocean. As Captain, Dive Master and Cinematographer, David has explored the world ocean on numerous sailing voyages collecting media with an emphasis on ocean awareness.Educated in Marine Biology, he holds a masters degree in Environmental Health and has worked in education and public health at the University of California at Berkeley for over a decade. David is the writer, producer and underwater cinematographer of the award winning documentary \u003cem>Sharks: Stewards of the Reef\u003c/em>, and was writer and cinematographer on a film on \u003cem>California Marine Protected Areas\u003c/em>, and \u003cem>Palmyra Atoll\u003c/em>. David has written, filmed and produced a new documentary on the \u003cem>Sharks of San Francisco Bay\u003c/em> and has worked as cameraman on feature films such as \u003cem>180 South\u003c/em> and \u003cem>A Beautiful Wave\u003c/em>. His underwater filmwork on San Francisco elasmobranches and ecosystems continues and he frequently donates his work for conservation causes. As Field and Research Associate with the California Academy of Sciences, David is Project Manager of a shark research program on the San Francisco Bay and has initiated a new sharks awareness campaign: Shark Sanctuary San Francisco. Through expedition sailing and video production, Sea Stewards is exploring and explaining our ocean world, influencing policies and practices from sustainable fishing to marine protection. Through Sea Steward Studios, our Media Production work is used to influence sound policies and sustainable ocean practices. Current work includes a series on Sea Turtle Conservation in Mexico, a film with partners Team Fish Finders using local fishermen to promote catch and release and a documentary on local sustainable seafood and a Cordell Banks Expedition.",
"avatar": "https://secure.gravatar.com/avatar/e4dbf6a1c294c9fe26d626d16fedae47?s=600&d=blank&r=g",
"twitter": null,
"facebook": null,
"instagram": null,
"linkedin": null,
"sites": [
{
"site": "quest",
"roles": [
"subscriber"
]
}
],
"headData": {
"title": "David McGuire | KQED",
"description": null,
"ogImgSrc": "https://secure.gravatar.com/avatar/e4dbf6a1c294c9fe26d626d16fedae47?s=600&d=blank&r=g",
"twImgSrc": "https://secure.gravatar.com/avatar/e4dbf6a1c294c9fe26d626d16fedae47?s=600&d=blank&r=g"
},
"isLoading": false,
"link": "/author/david-mcguire"
}
},
"pagesReducer": {
"quest_category_biology": {
"type": "terms",
"id": "quest_4",
"meta": {
"index": "terms_1716263798",
"site": "quest",
"id": "4",
"score": 12.795717
},
"featImg": null,
"name": "Biology",
"description": null,
"taxonomy": "category",
"headData": {
"twImgId": null,
"twTitle": null,
"ogTitle": null,
"ogImgId": null,
"twDescription": null,
"description": null,
"title": "Biology Archives | KQED Arts",
"ogDescription": null
},
"ttid": 4,
"slug": "biology",
"isLoading": false,
"title": "Biology",
"pageMeta": {
"site": "quest",
"WpPageTemplate": "page-topic-editorial",
"currentPage": 40
},
"blocks": [
{
"blockName": "kqed/post-list",
"attrs": {
"layout": "cardArticle2",
"query": "posts/quest?category=biology",
"seeMore": false,
"paginated": true,
"page": 40
}
},
{
"blockName": "kqed/ad"
}
]
}
},
"pfsSessionReducer": {},
"postsReducer": {
"stream_live": {
"type": "live",
"id": "stream_live",
"audioUrl": "https://hls.kqed.org/hls/kqed_app/playlist.m3u8",
"title": "Live Stream",
"excerpt": "Live Stream information currently unavailable.",
"link": "/radio",
"featImg": "",
"label": {
"name": "KQED Live",
"link": "/"
}
},
"stream_kqedNewscast": {
"type": "posts",
"id": "stream_kqedNewscast",
"audioUrl": "https://www.kqed.org/.stream/anon/radio/RDnews/newscast.mp3?_=1",
"title": "KQED Newscast",
"featImg": "",
"label": {
"name": "88.5 FM",
"link": "/"
}
},
"quest_10528": {
"type": "posts",
"id": "quest_10528",
"meta": {
"index": "posts_1716263798",
"site": "quest",
"id": "10528",
"score": null,
"sort": [
1290448814000
]
},
"parent": 0,
"labelTerm": {
"site": "quest"
},
"blocks": [],
"publishDate": 1290448814,
"format": "standard",
"title": "Ghostbusters of the Forest",
"headTitle": "Ghostbusters of the Forest | KQED",
"content": "\u003cp>\u003cspan class=\"left\">\u003ca href=\"http://www.kqed.org/quest\">\u003cimg decoding=\"async\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2010/11/AlbinoRedwood11.jpg\" alt=\"\">\u003c/a>\u003cem>Who ya gonna call? Stanford Genetics.\u003c/em>\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>I know, I know…hokey title, hokey caption. But in many ways it’s true. \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Albino redwoods have been called the ghosts of the forest. And scientists from Stanford’s Department of Genetics are on the trail to figure out why these trees have white leaves instead of green.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>This all started with a \u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/video/science-on-the-spot-albino-redwoods-ghosts-of-the-forest\">Science on the SPOT story\u003c/a> about the albino redwoods by Chris Bauer right here on QUEST. In his accompanying \u003ca href=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/quest/2010/08/26/science-on-the-spot-albino-redwoods-ghosts-of-the-forest/\">blog post about these “ghost trees”\u003c/a>, he wondered aloud if any geneticists might be interested in trying to figure out what was going on genetically with these pale trees.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c!--more-->\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>I was intrigued enough that I decided to ask the chair of the Department of Genetics, Dr. Mike Snyder, if he was interested in tackling the problem. By chance, he knew of a scientist in the department, Dr. Ghia Euskirchen, who was also interested in the redwood genome.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In the old days, figuring out what exactly was going on at the DNA level of something as complicated as a redwood would have cost way too much time and money to make a study like this worthwhile (if it was even possible at all). Nowadays things are simpler but still no walk in the park. Instead of elegant, time consuming experiments to pinpoint where the problem might be, scientists will use a more brute force method. They will simply sequence all of the DNA of albino and normal redwoods and compare them.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Sequencing is cheaper, simpler, and less time consuming than the old ways but this isn’t CSI. We’re not going to have answers right after this commercial break. It could still take a couple of years to figure this out. Or, if the biology doesn’t cooperate, even longer.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>And the only reason we have a chance to do this so “quickly” is because redwoods can reproduce asexually. In other words, they can throw off clones of themselves.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>It just so happens that occasionally, a few of these clones end up albino. What this means is that there shouldn’t be a whole lot of differences between the albino and wild type clones. This should make finding the change that caused the albinism relatively easy. That’s the hope anyway…\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>I am sure you’ve already started to think how weird it is that a clone ended up different from the original. After all, by definition, clones should be the same. \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan class=\"right\">\u003ca href=\"http://www.kqed.org/quest\">\u003cimg decoding=\"async\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2010/11/RQLEX1.jpg\" alt=\"\">\u003c/a>\u003cem>One letter change turns this watch into a cheap knock\u003cbr>off. The same thing may be going on with albino\u003cbr>redwoods but with DNA letters.\u003c/em>\u003c/span>In real life, though, clones are not the same as the original. They are more like subtle knock-offs. For example, \u003ca href=\"http://www.thetech.org/genetics/ask.php?id=147\">cloned cats\u003c/a> look similar but have different personalities. Same thing with garden variety human clones—\u003ca href=\"http://www.thetech.org/genetics/ask.php?id=142\">identical twins\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>So how does a clone end up different from the original? There are many possibilities, here are two:\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>1. The DNA is different.\u003c/strong> Even though a clone is really just a copy of the original, cells aren’t perfect at making copies of themselves. You try copying the 30 billion letters of redwood DNA and see how well you do! Most of these changes don’t matter but if one happens to hit and damage one of the hundreds of genes involved in making a redwood green, then you’ll get a white tree.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>2. The DNA is used differently.\u003c/strong> All the cells in a redwood have the same DNA but a root is very different from a leaf. These differences come about because each cell uses its DNA differently. The environment can also affect which gene a cell chooses to turn on and to what level. This is often done with differences in something called \u003ca href=\"http://www.thetech.org/genetics/news.php?id=106\">methylation \u003c/a>which scientists can detect. It may be that methylation has shut off a key gene involved in turning redwood leaves green.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp> 37.7749295 -122.4194155\u003c/p>\n\n",
"stats": {
"hasVideo": false,
"hasChartOrMap": false,
"hasAudio": false,
"hasPolis": false,
"wordCount": 674,
"hasGoogleForm": false,
"hasGallery": false,
"hasHearkenModule": false,
"iframeSrcs": [],
"paragraphCount": 18
},
"modified": 1684974672,
"excerpt": "Because clones aren't always the same, Stanford geneticists have a pretty good shot at figuring out what makes a redwood albino using DNA sequencing.",
"headData": {
"twImgId": "",
"twTitle": "",
"ogTitle": "",
"ogImgId": "",
"twDescription": "",
"description": "Because clones aren't always the same, Stanford geneticists have a pretty good shot at figuring out what makes a redwood albino using DNA sequencing.",
"title": "Ghostbusters of the Forest | KQED",
"ogDescription": "",
"schema": {
"@context": "https://schema.org",
"@type": "Article",
"headline": "Ghostbusters of the Forest",
"datePublished": "2010-11-22T10:00:14-08:00",
"dateModified": "2023-05-24T17:31:12-07:00",
"image": "https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2020/02/KQED-OG-Image@1x.png"
}
},
"guestAuthors": [],
"slug": "ghostbusters",
"status": "publish",
"templateType": "standard",
"excludeFromSiteSearch": "Include",
"featuredImageType": "standard",
"articleAge": "0",
"path": "/quest/10528/ghostbusters",
"audioTrackLength": null,
"parsedContent": [
{
"type": "contentString",
"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>\u003cspan class=\"left\">\u003ca href=\"http://www.kqed.org/quest\">\u003cimg decoding=\"async\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2010/11/AlbinoRedwood11.jpg\" alt=\"\">\u003c/a>\u003cem>Who ya gonna call? Stanford Genetics.\u003c/em>\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>I know, I know…hokey title, hokey caption. But in many ways it’s true. \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Albino redwoods have been called the ghosts of the forest. And scientists from Stanford’s Department of Genetics are on the trail to figure out why these trees have white leaves instead of green.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>This all started with a \u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/video/science-on-the-spot-albino-redwoods-ghosts-of-the-forest\">Science on the SPOT story\u003c/a> about the albino redwoods by Chris Bauer right here on QUEST. In his accompanying \u003ca href=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/quest/2010/08/26/science-on-the-spot-albino-redwoods-ghosts-of-the-forest/\">blog post about these “ghost trees”\u003c/a>, he wondered aloud if any geneticists might be interested in trying to figure out what was going on genetically with these pale trees.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c!--more-->\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
"attributes": {
"named": {},
"numeric": []
}
},
{
"type": "component",
"content": "",
"name": "ad",
"attributes": {
"named": {
"label": "fullwidth"
},
"numeric": [
"fullwidth"
]
}
},
{
"type": "contentString",
"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>I was intrigued enough that I decided to ask the chair of the Department of Genetics, Dr. Mike Snyder, if he was interested in tackling the problem. By chance, he knew of a scientist in the department, Dr. Ghia Euskirchen, who was also interested in the redwood genome.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In the old days, figuring out what exactly was going on at the DNA level of something as complicated as a redwood would have cost way too much time and money to make a study like this worthwhile (if it was even possible at all). Nowadays things are simpler but still no walk in the park. Instead of elegant, time consuming experiments to pinpoint where the problem might be, scientists will use a more brute force method. They will simply sequence all of the DNA of albino and normal redwoods and compare them.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Sequencing is cheaper, simpler, and less time consuming than the old ways but this isn’t CSI. We’re not going to have answers right after this commercial break. It could still take a couple of years to figure this out. Or, if the biology doesn’t cooperate, even longer.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>And the only reason we have a chance to do this so “quickly” is because redwoods can reproduce asexually. In other words, they can throw off clones of themselves.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>It just so happens that occasionally, a few of these clones end up albino. What this means is that there shouldn’t be a whole lot of differences between the albino and wild type clones. This should make finding the change that caused the albinism relatively easy. That’s the hope anyway…\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>I am sure you’ve already started to think how weird it is that a clone ended up different from the original. After all, by definition, clones should be the same. \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan class=\"right\">\u003ca href=\"http://www.kqed.org/quest\">\u003cimg decoding=\"async\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2010/11/RQLEX1.jpg\" alt=\"\">\u003c/a>\u003cem>One letter change turns this watch into a cheap knock\u003cbr>off. The same thing may be going on with albino\u003cbr>redwoods but with DNA letters.\u003c/em>\u003c/span>In real life, though, clones are not the same as the original. They are more like subtle knock-offs. For example, \u003ca href=\"http://www.thetech.org/genetics/ask.php?id=147\">cloned cats\u003c/a> look similar but have different personalities. Same thing with garden variety human clones—\u003ca href=\"http://www.thetech.org/genetics/ask.php?id=142\">identical twins\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>So how does a clone end up different from the original? There are many possibilities, here are two:\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>1. The DNA is different.\u003c/strong> Even though a clone is really just a copy of the original, cells aren’t perfect at making copies of themselves. You try copying the 30 billion letters of redwood DNA and see how well you do! Most of these changes don’t matter but if one happens to hit and damage one of the hundreds of genes involved in making a redwood green, then you’ll get a white tree.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>2. The DNA is used differently.\u003c/strong> All the cells in a redwood have the same DNA but a root is very different from a leaf. These differences come about because each cell uses its DNA differently. The environment can also affect which gene a cell chooses to turn on and to what level. This is often done with differences in something called \u003ca href=\"http://www.thetech.org/genetics/news.php?id=106\">methylation \u003c/a>which scientists can detect. It may be that methylation has shut off a key gene involved in turning redwood leaves green.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp> 37.7749295 -122.4194155\u003c/p>\n\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>",
"attributes": {
"named": {},
"numeric": []
}
}
],
"link": "/quest/10528/ghostbusters",
"authors": [
"6177"
],
"categories": [
"quest_4"
],
"tags": [
"quest_106",
"quest_627",
"quest_629",
"quest_1193",
"quest_1442",
"quest_1806",
"quest_1900",
"quest_2395"
],
"featImg": "quest_10190",
"label": "quest"
},
"quest_10753": {
"type": "posts",
"id": "quest_10753",
"meta": {
"index": "posts_1716263798",
"site": "quest",
"id": "10753",
"score": null,
"sort": [
1290440353000
]
},
"parent": 0,
"labelTerm": {
"site": "quest"
},
"blocks": [],
"publishDate": 1290440353,
"format": "standard",
"disqusTitle": "Give Thanks for Wild Turkeys",
"title": "Give Thanks for Wild Turkeys",
"headTitle": "QUEST | KQED Science",
"content": "\u003cp>\u003cspan class=\"left\">\u003ca href=\"http://www.kqed.org/quest\">\u003cimg src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2010/11/Turkey1.jpg\" alt=\"\">\u003c/a>\u003cem>A wild turkey, on display for the local ladies. Photo: \u003ca href=\"http://www.flickr.com/photos/alanvernon/\">Alan Vernon\u003c/a>.\u003c/em>\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>As Thanksgiving approaches, all thoughts turn to turkeys. Especially when I see a gang of wild ones impeding my progress as I walk to my office in the Berkeley hills. These turkeys are feathered and feisty, strutting on their skinny legs and poking the ground with their sharp beaks.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Wild turkeys, \u003cem>Meleagris gallopavo\u003c/em>, are not native to California. They were first introduced to the state for hunting in the 1870s. Subsequent introductions, in the 1920s and 1950s, failed to take—the birds were farm-raised and they didn’t fare well. In the 1970s, California Fish and Game introduced a subspecies called Rio Grande (\u003cem>M. gallopavo intermedia\u003c/em>), wild-caught from Texas. This time, the turkeys kept trotting.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c!--more--> \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Fish and Game estimates that there are now 240,000 wild turkeys in California. Some think of wild turkeys as dinner—you can hunt them, if you have a license. One of my students assures me that they are delicious. However, others think of them as pests. People blame them for digging up gardens, leaving droppings, and scratching cars (especially if a turkey sees his reflection in a shiny car door). To prevent turkeys from damaging your property, California Fish and Game has some recommendations in their \u003ca href=\"http://www.dfg.ca.gov/keepmewild/turkey.html\">Keep Me Wild guide\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Like the \u003ca href=\"http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wild_boar\">feral pig\u003c/a>, another non-native species that was introduce for hunting, wild turkeys have important effects on our local ecosystems. Turkeys tear up the ground in their search for tasty insects. They eat a wide variety of foods, from acorns to lizards. Daniel Gluesenkamp at the \u003ca href=\"http://www.egret.org/\">Audubon Canyon Ranch\u003c/a> studied their ecological effects. Check out this \u003ca href=\"http://baynature.org/articles/oct-dec-2010/ground-invasion\">article\u003c/a> from \u003ca href=\"http://baynature.org/\">Bay Nature\u003c/a> to learn more.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>I used to think of turkeys as the Norman Rockwell Thanksgiving Dinner archetype: plucked, basted, and golden brown. But now that I’ve seen wild turkeys, I have much more respect for these birds. They are proud, regal, and frankly a bit intimidating. I now understand why \u003ca href=\"http://www.fi.edu/franklin/birthday/faq.html#21\">Ben Franklin wished the Founding Fathers had chosen the turkey\u003c/a>, rather than the bald eagle, as the nation’s bird.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp> 37.879329 -122.2463347\u003c/p>\n\n",
"disqusIdentifier": "10753 http://www.kqed.org/quest/blog/?p=10753",
"disqusUrl": "https://ww2.kqed.org/quest/2010/11/22/give-thanks-for-wild-turkeys/",
"stats": {
"hasVideo": false,
"hasChartOrMap": false,
"hasAudio": false,
"hasPolis": false,
"wordCount": 363,
"hasGoogleForm": false,
"hasGallery": false,
"hasHearkenModule": false,
"iframeSrcs": [],
"paragraphCount": 10
},
"modified": 1290440353,
"excerpt": "As Thanksgiving approaches, all thoughts turn to turkeys - especially when I see a gang of wild ones in the Berkeley hills.",
"headData": {
"twImgId": "",
"twTitle": "",
"ogTitle": "",
"ogImgId": "",
"twDescription": "",
"description": "As Thanksgiving approaches, all thoughts turn to turkeys - especially when I see a gang of wild ones in the Berkeley hills.",
"title": "Give Thanks for Wild Turkeys | KQED",
"ogDescription": "",
"schema": {
"@context": "https://schema.org",
"@type": "Article",
"headline": "Give Thanks for Wild Turkeys",
"datePublished": "2010-11-22T07:39:13-08:00",
"dateModified": "2010-11-22T07:39:13-08:00",
"image": "https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2020/02/KQED-OG-Image@1x.png"
}
},
"guestAuthors": [],
"slug": "give-thanks-for-wild-turkeys",
"status": "publish",
"path": "/quest/10753/give-thanks-for-wild-turkeys",
"audioTrackLength": null,
"parsedContent": [
{
"type": "contentString",
"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>\u003cspan class=\"left\">\u003ca href=\"http://www.kqed.org/quest\">\u003cimg src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2010/11/Turkey1.jpg\" alt=\"\">\u003c/a>\u003cem>A wild turkey, on display for the local ladies. Photo: \u003ca href=\"http://www.flickr.com/photos/alanvernon/\">Alan Vernon\u003c/a>.\u003c/em>\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>As Thanksgiving approaches, all thoughts turn to turkeys. Especially when I see a gang of wild ones impeding my progress as I walk to my office in the Berkeley hills. These turkeys are feathered and feisty, strutting on their skinny legs and poking the ground with their sharp beaks.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Wild turkeys, \u003cem>Meleagris gallopavo\u003c/em>, are not native to California. They were first introduced to the state for hunting in the 1870s. Subsequent introductions, in the 1920s and 1950s, failed to take—the birds were farm-raised and they didn’t fare well. In the 1970s, California Fish and Game introduced a subspecies called Rio Grande (\u003cem>M. gallopavo intermedia\u003c/em>), wild-caught from Texas. This time, the turkeys kept trotting.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c!--more--> \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Fish and Game estimates that there are now 240,000 wild turkeys in California. Some think of wild turkeys as dinner—you can hunt them, if you have a license. One of my students assures me that they are delicious. However, others think of them as pests. People blame them for digging up gardens, leaving droppings, and scratching cars (especially if a turkey sees his reflection in a shiny car door). To prevent turkeys from damaging your property, California Fish and Game has some recommendations in their \u003ca href=\"http://www.dfg.ca.gov/keepmewild/turkey.html\">Keep Me Wild guide\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
"attributes": {
"named": {},
"numeric": []
}
},
{
"type": "component",
"content": "",
"name": "ad",
"attributes": {
"named": {
"label": "fullwidth"
},
"numeric": [
"fullwidth"
]
}
},
{
"type": "contentString",
"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Like the \u003ca href=\"http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wild_boar\">feral pig\u003c/a>, another non-native species that was introduce for hunting, wild turkeys have important effects on our local ecosystems. Turkeys tear up the ground in their search for tasty insects. They eat a wide variety of foods, from acorns to lizards. Daniel Gluesenkamp at the \u003ca href=\"http://www.egret.org/\">Audubon Canyon Ranch\u003c/a> studied their ecological effects. Check out this \u003ca href=\"http://baynature.org/articles/oct-dec-2010/ground-invasion\">article\u003c/a> from \u003ca href=\"http://baynature.org/\">Bay Nature\u003c/a> to learn more.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>I used to think of turkeys as the Norman Rockwell Thanksgiving Dinner archetype: plucked, basted, and golden brown. But now that I’ve seen wild turkeys, I have much more respect for these birds. They are proud, regal, and frankly a bit intimidating. I now understand why \u003ca href=\"http://www.fi.edu/franklin/birthday/faq.html#21\">Ben Franklin wished the Founding Fathers had chosen the turkey\u003c/a>, rather than the bald eagle, as the nation’s bird.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp> 37.879329 -122.2463347\u003c/p>\n\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>",
"attributes": {
"named": {},
"numeric": []
}
}
],
"link": "/quest/10753/give-thanks-for-wild-turkeys",
"authors": [
"10200"
],
"categories": [
"quest_4",
"quest_9"
],
"tags": [
"quest_2912",
"quest_3007",
"quest_3151"
],
"featImg": "quest_10755",
"label": "quest"
},
"quest_10656": {
"type": "posts",
"id": "quest_10656",
"meta": {
"index": "posts_1716263798",
"site": "quest",
"id": "10656",
"score": null,
"sort": [
1290211141000
]
},
"parent": 0,
"labelTerm": {
"site": "quest"
},
"blocks": [],
"publishDate": 1290211141,
"format": "standard",
"disqusTitle": "Tiny Satellites Give NASA Big Returns",
"title": "Tiny Satellites Give NASA Big Returns",
"headTitle": "QUEST | KQED Science",
"content": "\u003cp>\u003cspan class=\"left\">\u003ca href=\"http://www.kqed.org/quest\">\u003cimg src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2010/11/2_NASA_Ames_OREOS_471486main_OOREOS-Render2-PADOM-Deployed_800-60031.jpg\" alt=\"\">\u003c/a>\u003cem>A computer-generated image of the O/OREOS nanosatellite. (Credit: NASA Ames Research Center)\u003c/em>\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>Reported for \u003ca href=\"http://www.kqed.org/news/\">KQEDnews.org\u003c/a>.\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>On Friday, a NASA satellite hitched a ride aboard a U.S. Air Force rocket that launched into space from Kodiak Island, Alaska. \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But this isn’t your typical satellite. At 12 pounds and the size of a box of Saltine crackers, the ‘nanosatellite’ was built by the \u003ca href=\"http://www.nasa.gov/centers/ames/home/index.html\">NASA Ames Research Center\u003c/a> in Mountain View with a mix of custom-made and commercially available, off-the-shelf parts in just 18 months. The cost: nearly $3 million – less than one percent of the cost of a traditional satellite.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c!--more-->\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"http://www.nasa.gov/mission_pages/smallsats/oreos/main/index.html\">The mission\u003c/a> is designed to help reveal how biological materials respond to space conditions. But perhaps as important, it also will allow engineers to further test the capabilities of a new generation of tiny, cheaper satellites that could change the next generation of space exploration. \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“If you can do 80 percent of the mission at 20 percent of cost, you can do more with these smaller spacecrafts,” said Bruce Yost, mission manager of Friday’s launch.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>It’s the third nanosatellite mission for NASA Ames, which is the only one of 10 NASA centers in the United States to have its own office dedicated to nanosatellite research and development. \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Meanwhile, a larger trend is gathering momentum. Since 1999, 20 nanosatellites have been launched by American universities, the U.S. military and NASA. At least 80 universities around the world are currently developing nanosatellites. And in February, NASA announced a new initiative to launch at least 20 nanosatellites on four spacecrafts in the next two years. \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Yost cited “three perfect storms” that allowed tiny satellites to flourish: the miniaturization of electronic components, the proof that nanosatellites could be used to do science experiments in space and the ability to build them quickly at low cost.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan class=\"right\">\u003ca href=\"http://www.kqed.org/quest\">\u003cimg src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2010/11/2_NASA_Ames_OREOS_469848main_AD10-0128-038_800-6001.jpg\" alt=\"\">\u003c/a>\u003cem>The O/OREOS nanosatellite with one solar panel removed, exposing the electronics and the two science experiment compartments. (Credit: NASA/Dominic Hart)\u003c/em>\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>To streamline their construction, the majority of these satellites feature a cube-shaped design, a standard that was developed in 1999 by Bob Twiggs, an engineering professor at Stanford University in Palo Alto, and Jordi Puig-Suari at California State Polytechnic University in San Luis Obispo. \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“I went and looked for something that would resemble what this satellite would be and I bought a four-inch box. And those four-inch boxes were actually for beanie babies,” said Bob Twiggs in a 2009 interview with KQED Public Radio. His prototype for the ‘CubeSat’ led to an open-source blueprint that any university can follow to build a nanosatellite that can easily be mounted onto a rocket or larger satellite. \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>A nanosatellite is between two and 22 pounds. While that sounds small, there is actually a smaller class of satellites – picosatellites – that weigh less than two pounds. In comparison, a typical NASA satellite weighs several thousand pounds and can be the size of a school bus. \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Since 2000, engineering students at Stanford’s Space and Systems Development Lab have built four nanosatellites, including one that NASA’s Jet Propulsion Laboratory hopes to launch to test a new radio transponder device. Talks between Twiggs and John Hines, a NASA Ames official, also sparked the idea to use for the first time nanosatellites to do biological experiments in space. \u003ca href=\"http://www.nasa.gov/centers/ames/missions/2007/genesat1.html\">GeneSat\u003c/a>, which launched in 2006, was the first such mission, allowing scientists to monitor the growth rates and gene expression of E. coli bacteria in space. \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>With Friday’s launch, known as the “Organism/Organic Exposure to Orbital Stresses” mission, or “O/OREOS” for short, scientists at NASA Ames hope to build on what they learned from GeneSat to further push the limits of nanosatellites.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“The primary goal is to show that the technology works and that we have the tools that enable us to do new science. And if we get new science out of it, that is a huge bonus,” said Tony Ricco, the instrument technologist on the O/OREOS mission and a former director of the National Center for Space Biological Technologies at Stanford University.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan class=\"left\">\u003ca href=\"http://www.kqed.org/quest\">\u003cimg src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2010/11/2_NASA_Ames_469872main_AD10-0128-062_800-6001.jpg\" alt=\"\">\u003c/a>\u003cem>NASA engineers inspect the O/OREOS spacecraft’s interface with the satellite deployment system. (Credit: NASA/Dominic Hart)\u003c/em>\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The O/OREOS satellite consists of three aluminum cubes fused together. One compartment serves as the brains, with lithium-ion batteries, a computer chip microprocessor and a $350 wireless radio found in a household phone to communicate with the satellite. The other two compartments contain live, biological samples and organic molecules that will be subjected to high-energy charged particles, gamma rays, UV light rays and the temperature extremes of space.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The bacteria and biological molecules will be subjected to 75,000 times more radiation than a person is exposed to on a six-hour transatlantic flight. “It’s almost impossible to replicate that space environment on Earth,” said Yost.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>It’s also the first time two independent science experiments will be conducted in space aboard a nanosatellite traveling at such a high orbit, 400 miles above Earth’s surface. \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>One of the experiments contains two kinds of bacteria, including one commonly found in dirt.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“The key thing with it is that it is capable of forming a hard outer shell coating around it, which allows it to survive in harsh environments, like droughts. That’s why it was chosen - to see if bacteria could be transported between planets on meteorites,” said Yost. \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The second experiment will monitor the degradation and change of four classes of organic molecules, including an amino acid and another molecule, iron porphyrin, which is similar to the oxygen-carrying protein in human blood.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“We picked that because it’s a biologically relevant molecule. It is a sign that there could be life out there,” said Ricco. “If we had a space mission that went to an asteroid that was in the vicinity of Earth, and we found a porphyrin compound, how long could it have been there? The idea is to figure out what the lifetime of those molecules is and as they degrade, what else they become.” \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>As the bacteria feed on a nutrient solution, an on-board detector will measure the rate of growth and death in the bacteria for six months and beam the data down to the mission control center at Santa Clara University. \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But don’t expect to find a room full of grizzled NASA astrophysicists and engineers pecking away at keyboards and barking commands. The mission control team consists of two dozen graduate and undergraduate engineering students in the \u003ca href=\"http://rsl.engr.scu.edu/\">robotics lab \u003c/a>of mechanical engineering professor Chris Kitts. \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Our students are sending the commands to the satellites, looking at the data, doing the analysis on the data and handing it to the science team,” said Kitts. “And all the equipment that we use to do this is student developed, including the communication stations and the software to track and communicate with the satellite.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Kitts and his students have worked on NASA Ames nanosatellite missions since 2004. \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“There are a few other universities that do portions of operations with NASA, but we provide all the ground infrastructure and communication stations,” he said. “We are the only university in the country that does the entire mission operations on a NASA mission and to have it be student-run is amazing.” \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan class=\"right\">\u003ca href=\"http://www.kqed.org/quest\">\u003cimg src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2010/11/2_SCUMOC_640x4801.jpg\" alt=\"\">\u003c/a>\u003cem>Students at the mission control center at Santa Clara University. (Credit: Mike Rasay)\u003c/em>\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The students receive academic credit for their involvement in the missions and a rare opportunity for real-world flight experience on a NASA mission. Four of Kitts’ former students have gone on to work at NASA Ames. \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Cost is another driver for NASA to contract out mission control work to Santa Clara University. The amount of money Santa Clara University has received from NASA Ames to oversee the mission operations is less than the salary of one full-time NASA mission control engineer. By working with the university, NASA Ames enjoys access to SCU’s equipment, software and a staff of dozens of bright, motivated students. \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“How do we do this even better in the future?” said Yost. “By working with them, we have a way to understand the next generation of systems, and we can tap into all this brain power over there.” \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Laura Bica is a senior at Santa Clara University who has been working on the mission since the summer. She is writing software that will allow amateur astronomers and ham radio enthusiasts to track the tiny satellite and \u003ca href=\"http://ooreos.engr.scu.edu/dashboard.htm\">to share data with the mission control crew\u003c/a> on its solar panel activity, battery power and other facets. The public’s involvement means that the students can maximize the amount of data that is sent via radio signals from the O/OREOS spacecraft as it orbits Earth. \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Bica said the mission offers her an exciting opportunity to leapfrog from the walls of academia to the infinite expanse of space. \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Now I can apply my major on a much bigger scale and do work that people all over the world can see,” she said. “Being involved in the robotics lab and this project has opened my eyes to different applications of computer engineering.” \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan class=\"left\">\u003ca href=\"http://www.kqed.org/quest\">\u003cimg src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2010/11/2_NASA_Ames_OREOS_467086main_ACD09-0262-006_800-6001.jpg\" alt=\"\">\u003c/a>\u003cem>NASA engineers perform software tests to simulate the O/OREOS mission. (Credit: NASA/Dominic Hart)\u003c/em>\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Despite their small size, nanosatellites can do more than science experiments with live biological samples. According to Ricco, nanosatellites can be used for telecommunications, to study the upper part of Earth’s atmosphere, to conduct astronomy experiments and even to image coral reefs. \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>And although these small satellites offer big potential despite their diminutive size, their larger, more robust counterparts still will remain in high demand.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“They won't replace the larger satellites,” said Ricco. “There are science experiments and missions that require a large volume and a large mass to do what needs to be done. But the clever way to do it is to be aware of platforms of all sizes and understand the small satellites and use them where they make sense.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Nonetheless, NASA officials view nanosatellites as an increasingly important way to get to space cheaper, faster and tackle fundamental questions about the origins of life in the universe.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp> “In 10 to 20 years, I see frequent and routine access to space for nanosatellites performing on levels we only see in large satellites or ground based systems today,” said Jason Crusan of the NASA Space Operations Mission Directorate in Washington, D.C.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In 2011 the trend will continue. NASA Ames plans to launch MisST, a nanosatellite that will send even more complex living organisms into space – tiny roundworms – and beam microscope pictures of them down to Earth.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad floatright]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp> 37.52119957659491 -122.0086669921875\u003c/p>\n\n",
"disqusIdentifier": "10656 http://www.kqed.org/quest/blog/2010/11/19/tiny-satellites-give-nasa-big-returns/",
"disqusUrl": "https://ww2.kqed.org/quest/2010/11/19/tiny-satellites-give-nasa-big-returns/",
"stats": {
"hasVideo": false,
"hasChartOrMap": false,
"hasAudio": false,
"hasPolis": false,
"wordCount": 1851,
"hasGoogleForm": false,
"hasGallery": false,
"hasHearkenModule": false,
"iframeSrcs": [],
"paragraphCount": 47
},
"modified": 1290211141,
"excerpt": "On Friday, a NASA satellite hitched a ride aboard a U.S. Air Force rocket that launched into space from Kodiak Island, Alaska. But this isn’t your typical satellite.",
"headData": {
"twImgId": "",
"twTitle": "",
"ogTitle": "",
"ogImgId": "",
"twDescription": "",
"description": "On Friday, a NASA satellite hitched a ride aboard a U.S. Air Force rocket that launched into space from Kodiak Island, Alaska. But this isn’t your typical satellite.",
"title": "Tiny Satellites Give NASA Big Returns | KQED",
"ogDescription": "",
"schema": {
"@context": "https://schema.org",
"@type": "Article",
"headline": "Tiny Satellites Give NASA Big Returns",
"datePublished": "2010-11-19T15:59:01-08:00",
"dateModified": "2010-11-19T15:59:01-08:00",
"image": "https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2020/02/KQED-OG-Image@1x.png"
}
},
"guestAuthors": [],
"slug": "tiny-satellites-give-nasa-big-returns",
"status": "publish",
"path": "/quest/10656/tiny-satellites-give-nasa-big-returns",
"audioTrackLength": null,
"parsedContent": [
{
"type": "contentString",
"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>\u003cspan class=\"left\">\u003ca href=\"http://www.kqed.org/quest\">\u003cimg src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2010/11/2_NASA_Ames_OREOS_471486main_OOREOS-Render2-PADOM-Deployed_800-60031.jpg\" alt=\"\">\u003c/a>\u003cem>A computer-generated image of the O/OREOS nanosatellite. (Credit: NASA Ames Research Center)\u003c/em>\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>Reported for \u003ca href=\"http://www.kqed.org/news/\">KQEDnews.org\u003c/a>.\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>On Friday, a NASA satellite hitched a ride aboard a U.S. Air Force rocket that launched into space from Kodiak Island, Alaska. \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But this isn’t your typical satellite. At 12 pounds and the size of a box of Saltine crackers, the ‘nanosatellite’ was built by the \u003ca href=\"http://www.nasa.gov/centers/ames/home/index.html\">NASA Ames Research Center\u003c/a> in Mountain View with a mix of custom-made and commercially available, off-the-shelf parts in just 18 months. The cost: nearly $3 million – less than one percent of the cost of a traditional satellite.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c!--more-->\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
"attributes": {
"named": {},
"numeric": []
}
},
{
"type": "component",
"content": "",
"name": "ad",
"attributes": {
"named": {
"label": "fullwidth"
},
"numeric": [
"fullwidth"
]
}
},
{
"type": "contentString",
"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"http://www.nasa.gov/mission_pages/smallsats/oreos/main/index.html\">The mission\u003c/a> is designed to help reveal how biological materials respond to space conditions. But perhaps as important, it also will allow engineers to further test the capabilities of a new generation of tiny, cheaper satellites that could change the next generation of space exploration. \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“If you can do 80 percent of the mission at 20 percent of cost, you can do more with these smaller spacecrafts,” said Bruce Yost, mission manager of Friday’s launch.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>It’s the third nanosatellite mission for NASA Ames, which is the only one of 10 NASA centers in the United States to have its own office dedicated to nanosatellite research and development. \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Meanwhile, a larger trend is gathering momentum. Since 1999, 20 nanosatellites have been launched by American universities, the U.S. military and NASA. At least 80 universities around the world are currently developing nanosatellites. And in February, NASA announced a new initiative to launch at least 20 nanosatellites on four spacecrafts in the next two years. \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Yost cited “three perfect storms” that allowed tiny satellites to flourish: the miniaturization of electronic components, the proof that nanosatellites could be used to do science experiments in space and the ability to build them quickly at low cost.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan class=\"right\">\u003ca href=\"http://www.kqed.org/quest\">\u003cimg src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2010/11/2_NASA_Ames_OREOS_469848main_AD10-0128-038_800-6001.jpg\" alt=\"\">\u003c/a>\u003cem>The O/OREOS nanosatellite with one solar panel removed, exposing the electronics and the two science experiment compartments. (Credit: NASA/Dominic Hart)\u003c/em>\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>To streamline their construction, the majority of these satellites feature a cube-shaped design, a standard that was developed in 1999 by Bob Twiggs, an engineering professor at Stanford University in Palo Alto, and Jordi Puig-Suari at California State Polytechnic University in San Luis Obispo. \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“I went and looked for something that would resemble what this satellite would be and I bought a four-inch box. And those four-inch boxes were actually for beanie babies,” said Bob Twiggs in a 2009 interview with KQED Public Radio. His prototype for the ‘CubeSat’ led to an open-source blueprint that any university can follow to build a nanosatellite that can easily be mounted onto a rocket or larger satellite. \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>A nanosatellite is between two and 22 pounds. While that sounds small, there is actually a smaller class of satellites – picosatellites – that weigh less than two pounds. In comparison, a typical NASA satellite weighs several thousand pounds and can be the size of a school bus. \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Since 2000, engineering students at Stanford’s Space and Systems Development Lab have built four nanosatellites, including one that NASA’s Jet Propulsion Laboratory hopes to launch to test a new radio transponder device. Talks between Twiggs and John Hines, a NASA Ames official, also sparked the idea to use for the first time nanosatellites to do biological experiments in space. \u003ca href=\"http://www.nasa.gov/centers/ames/missions/2007/genesat1.html\">GeneSat\u003c/a>, which launched in 2006, was the first such mission, allowing scientists to monitor the growth rates and gene expression of E. coli bacteria in space. \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>With Friday’s launch, known as the “Organism/Organic Exposure to Orbital Stresses” mission, or “O/OREOS” for short, scientists at NASA Ames hope to build on what they learned from GeneSat to further push the limits of nanosatellites.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“The primary goal is to show that the technology works and that we have the tools that enable us to do new science. And if we get new science out of it, that is a huge bonus,” said Tony Ricco, the instrument technologist on the O/OREOS mission and a former director of the National Center for Space Biological Technologies at Stanford University.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan class=\"left\">\u003ca href=\"http://www.kqed.org/quest\">\u003cimg src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2010/11/2_NASA_Ames_469872main_AD10-0128-062_800-6001.jpg\" alt=\"\">\u003c/a>\u003cem>NASA engineers inspect the O/OREOS spacecraft’s interface with the satellite deployment system. (Credit: NASA/Dominic Hart)\u003c/em>\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The O/OREOS satellite consists of three aluminum cubes fused together. One compartment serves as the brains, with lithium-ion batteries, a computer chip microprocessor and a $350 wireless radio found in a household phone to communicate with the satellite. The other two compartments contain live, biological samples and organic molecules that will be subjected to high-energy charged particles, gamma rays, UV light rays and the temperature extremes of space.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The bacteria and biological molecules will be subjected to 75,000 times more radiation than a person is exposed to on a six-hour transatlantic flight. “It’s almost impossible to replicate that space environment on Earth,” said Yost.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>It’s also the first time two independent science experiments will be conducted in space aboard a nanosatellite traveling at such a high orbit, 400 miles above Earth’s surface. \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>One of the experiments contains two kinds of bacteria, including one commonly found in dirt.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“The key thing with it is that it is capable of forming a hard outer shell coating around it, which allows it to survive in harsh environments, like droughts. That’s why it was chosen - to see if bacteria could be transported between planets on meteorites,” said Yost. \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The second experiment will monitor the degradation and change of four classes of organic molecules, including an amino acid and another molecule, iron porphyrin, which is similar to the oxygen-carrying protein in human blood.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“We picked that because it’s a biologically relevant molecule. It is a sign that there could be life out there,” said Ricco. “If we had a space mission that went to an asteroid that was in the vicinity of Earth, and we found a porphyrin compound, how long could it have been there? The idea is to figure out what the lifetime of those molecules is and as they degrade, what else they become.” \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>As the bacteria feed on a nutrient solution, an on-board detector will measure the rate of growth and death in the bacteria for six months and beam the data down to the mission control center at Santa Clara University. \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But don’t expect to find a room full of grizzled NASA astrophysicists and engineers pecking away at keyboards and barking commands. The mission control team consists of two dozen graduate and undergraduate engineering students in the \u003ca href=\"http://rsl.engr.scu.edu/\">robotics lab \u003c/a>of mechanical engineering professor Chris Kitts. \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Our students are sending the commands to the satellites, looking at the data, doing the analysis on the data and handing it to the science team,” said Kitts. “And all the equipment that we use to do this is student developed, including the communication stations and the software to track and communicate with the satellite.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Kitts and his students have worked on NASA Ames nanosatellite missions since 2004. \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“There are a few other universities that do portions of operations with NASA, but we provide all the ground infrastructure and communication stations,” he said. “We are the only university in the country that does the entire mission operations on a NASA mission and to have it be student-run is amazing.” \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan class=\"right\">\u003ca href=\"http://www.kqed.org/quest\">\u003cimg src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2010/11/2_SCUMOC_640x4801.jpg\" alt=\"\">\u003c/a>\u003cem>Students at the mission control center at Santa Clara University. (Credit: Mike Rasay)\u003c/em>\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The students receive academic credit for their involvement in the missions and a rare opportunity for real-world flight experience on a NASA mission. Four of Kitts’ former students have gone on to work at NASA Ames. \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Cost is another driver for NASA to contract out mission control work to Santa Clara University. The amount of money Santa Clara University has received from NASA Ames to oversee the mission operations is less than the salary of one full-time NASA mission control engineer. By working with the university, NASA Ames enjoys access to SCU’s equipment, software and a staff of dozens of bright, motivated students. \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“How do we do this even better in the future?” said Yost. “By working with them, we have a way to understand the next generation of systems, and we can tap into all this brain power over there.” \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Laura Bica is a senior at Santa Clara University who has been working on the mission since the summer. She is writing software that will allow amateur astronomers and ham radio enthusiasts to track the tiny satellite and \u003ca href=\"http://ooreos.engr.scu.edu/dashboard.htm\">to share data with the mission control crew\u003c/a> on its solar panel activity, battery power and other facets. The public’s involvement means that the students can maximize the amount of data that is sent via radio signals from the O/OREOS spacecraft as it orbits Earth. \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Bica said the mission offers her an exciting opportunity to leapfrog from the walls of academia to the infinite expanse of space. \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Now I can apply my major on a much bigger scale and do work that people all over the world can see,” she said. “Being involved in the robotics lab and this project has opened my eyes to different applications of computer engineering.” \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan class=\"left\">\u003ca href=\"http://www.kqed.org/quest\">\u003cimg src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2010/11/2_NASA_Ames_OREOS_467086main_ACD09-0262-006_800-6001.jpg\" alt=\"\">\u003c/a>\u003cem>NASA engineers perform software tests to simulate the O/OREOS mission. (Credit: NASA/Dominic Hart)\u003c/em>\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Despite their small size, nanosatellites can do more than science experiments with live biological samples. According to Ricco, nanosatellites can be used for telecommunications, to study the upper part of Earth’s atmosphere, to conduct astronomy experiments and even to image coral reefs. \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>And although these small satellites offer big potential despite their diminutive size, their larger, more robust counterparts still will remain in high demand.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“They won't replace the larger satellites,” said Ricco. “There are science experiments and missions that require a large volume and a large mass to do what needs to be done. But the clever way to do it is to be aware of platforms of all sizes and understand the small satellites and use them where they make sense.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Nonetheless, NASA officials view nanosatellites as an increasingly important way to get to space cheaper, faster and tackle fundamental questions about the origins of life in the universe.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp> “In 10 to 20 years, I see frequent and routine access to space for nanosatellites performing on levels we only see in large satellites or ground based systems today,” said Jason Crusan of the NASA Space Operations Mission Directorate in Washington, D.C.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In 2011 the trend will continue. NASA Ames plans to launch MisST, a nanosatellite that will send even more complex living organisms into space – tiny roundworms – and beam microscope pictures of them down to Earth.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
"attributes": {
"named": {},
"numeric": []
}
},
{
"type": "component",
"content": "",
"name": "ad",
"attributes": {
"named": {
"label": "floatright"
},
"numeric": [
"floatright"
]
}
},
{
"type": "contentString",
"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp> 37.52119957659491 -122.0086669921875\u003c/p>\n\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>",
"attributes": {
"named": {},
"numeric": []
}
}
],
"link": "/quest/10656/tiny-satellites-give-nasa-big-returns",
"authors": [
"6176"
],
"categories": [
"quest_3",
"quest_4",
"quest_8"
],
"tags": [
"quest_358",
"quest_391",
"quest_13199",
"quest_1910",
"quest_1918",
"quest_1920",
"quest_13203",
"quest_2023",
"quest_2505",
"quest_2774",
"quest_2957"
],
"featImg": "quest_10690",
"label": "quest"
},
"quest_10577": {
"type": "posts",
"id": "quest_10577",
"meta": {
"index": "posts_1716263798",
"site": "quest",
"id": "10577",
"score": null,
"sort": [
1290114198000
]
},
"parent": 0,
"labelTerm": {
"site": "quest"
},
"blocks": [],
"publishDate": 1290114198,
"format": "standard",
"disqusTitle": "Producers Notes: Cal Academy Butterfly Collection",
"title": "Producers Notes: Cal Academy Butterfly Collection",
"headTitle": "QUEST | KQED Science",
"content": "\u003cp>\u003cspan class=\"left\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/video/cal-academy-butterfly-collection\">\u003cimg src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2010/11/WS201Butterfly3001.jpg\" alt=\"\">\u003c/a>\u003cem>The world's largest butterfly species, the Queen Alexandra’s birdwing on display in the Cal Academy's collection\u003c/em>\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The California Academy of Sciences has the largest collection of biological reference materials west of the Mississippi. The collection provides a treasure trove of biological information for scientists and researchers studying the natural world. Of the 20 million specimens housed at the Cal Academy, 17 million are insects within the Entomology Department. Collections Manager Norman Penny gives Science on the SPOT a small peek at The Academy’s vast butterfly collection. “Butterflies hold a special interest for people,” says Penny, “They’re easily preserved, they’re numerous, they’re brightly colored and they show a lot of biological principles.”\u003cbr>\n\u003c!--more-->\u003cbr>\nThe Academy has a long history studying bugs. The Entomology Department officially dates back to 1862 but the first insects and arachnids for The Academy's collection were actually received eight years prior in 1854. By 1900, the collection had grown to about 50,000 specimens. Unfortunately, most of The Academy’s collection was lost in the great fire which followed the 1906 earthquake. However, The Academy had sponsored an expedition to the Galapagos Islands in early 1905, and when the earthquake struck, the entomology team had not yet returned to San Francisco. Thus, the specimens saved from the fire and the new insects collected by the Galapagos expedition members served as a starter of The Academy's new collection. Today, The California Academy of Sciences boasts one of the largest entomology collections in the world.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Penny opened the lids of the cases and showed us a variety of beautiful butterflies from around the world. Bright blue iridescent morpho butterflies from South America glisten as he tilts the case. We see monarchs and owl butterflies from North America and marvel at the huge Queen Alexandra’s birdwing butterflies from Papua New Guinea. My personal favorite was seeing the California state insect, the \u003ca href=\"http://www.netstate.com/states/symb/insects/ca_insect.htm\">Dogface Butterfly\u003c/a>. Once known as “flying pansies,” Dogface butterfly males have bright yellow wings with dark markings that profile a poodle’s head.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But not all of the Cal Academy’s butterfly specimens are pinned in trays. Some are very much alive! Each day within the warm mist of the Academy’s expansive living Rainforest exhibit, colorful butterflies flit freely from blossom to branch. Each week the Academy receives a new batch of living butterfly specimens from the Central American rainforest. Cooperative butterfly farmers in Costa Rica have obtained special permits to allow them to rear native butterflies and send them north.\u003ca href=\"http://video.calacademy.org/details/154\">\u003c/a>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>This program is actually beneficial to the butterflies and their native ecosystems as it encourages farmers to protect pollinators and the critical host plants in the surrounding rainforest. Farmers plant host plants on their land to feed caterpillars. Once the caterpillars transform to pupae some are collected and sent to the Academy.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"http://video.calacademy.org/details/154\">(click here to see a behind-the-scenes video of the Rainforest biologists in action)\u003c/a>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>When they arrive, the pupae are carefully unpacked and placed in temperature / humidity controlled chambers where they finish their gradual metamorphosis into colorful butterflies. Each morning, as new adult butterflies emerge, biologists release them into the Rainforest exhibit. Their new home is quite suited for them. Native flowering Costa Rican plants and feeding stations, provide the butterflies here with plenty of nectar and pollen sources to eat. But biologists also need to make sure the butterflies aren’t too happy. The insects are not allowed to reproduce within the Rainforest Dome. Hungry caterpillars would make short work of the contained bio-dome plants.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>That isn’t the case above on the Academy’s \u003ca href=\"http://www.calacademy.org/academy/building/the_living_roof/\">Living Roof\u003c/a>. Here, native plants have been brought in specifically to encourage the whole cycle of life for local butterfly populations. Nine species of native annuals and perennials have been planted, many with specific species of butterflies in mind. Miniature lupine (Lupinus bicolor), California poppies (Eschscholzia californica) and Sea pink (Armeria maritime) that produce pom-pom-like flowers, attract a number of native butterflies. California plantain (Plantago erecta) also hosts a variety of butterfly larvae, including the endangered Bay checkerspot butterfly. And Stonecrop (Sedum spathulifolium) produces nectar for the Hairstreak butterfly and the threatened San Bruno elfin butterfly. Although the famed Living Roof has only been in existence since 2008, \u003ca href=\"http://articles.sfgate.com/2009-04-18/bay-area/17193778_1_insect-species-roof-native-plants\">a study by San Francisco State University\u003c/a> showed that Bay Area native insects are already more prevalent on the Academy’s roof than other areas in Golden Gate Park.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The butterfly collection at the Cal Academy, old and new, pinned in trays or flying free help us better understand and appreciate the world around us. As Norm Penny said, “A lot of the biological principles we study are based on the bright color patterns you see. Scientific study is very vividly displayed on the wings of butterflies.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp> 37.7699 -122.467174\u003c/p>\n\n",
"disqusIdentifier": "10577 http://www.kqed.org/quest/blog/?p=10577",
"disqusUrl": "https://ww2.kqed.org/quest/2010/11/18/producers-notes-cal-academy-butterfly-collection/",
"stats": {
"hasVideo": false,
"hasChartOrMap": false,
"hasAudio": false,
"hasPolis": false,
"wordCount": 854,
"hasGoogleForm": false,
"hasGallery": false,
"hasHearkenModule": false,
"iframeSrcs": [],
"paragraphCount": 12
},
"modified": 1290114198,
"excerpt": "Collections Manager Norman Penny gives Science on the SPOT a small peek at The Cal Academy’s vast butterfly collection.",
"headData": {
"twImgId": "",
"twTitle": "",
"ogTitle": "",
"ogImgId": "",
"twDescription": "",
"description": "Collections Manager Norman Penny gives Science on the SPOT a small peek at The Cal Academy’s vast butterfly collection.",
"title": "Producers Notes: Cal Academy Butterfly Collection | KQED",
"ogDescription": "",
"schema": {
"@context": "https://schema.org",
"@type": "Article",
"headline": "Producers Notes: Cal Academy Butterfly Collection",
"datePublished": "2010-11-18T13:03:18-08:00",
"dateModified": "2010-11-18T13:03:18-08:00",
"image": "https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2020/02/KQED-OG-Image@1x.png"
}
},
"guestAuthors": [],
"slug": "producers-notes-cal-academy-butterfly-collection",
"status": "publish",
"path": "/quest/10577/producers-notes-cal-academy-butterfly-collection",
"audioTrackLength": null,
"parsedContent": [
{
"type": "contentString",
"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>\u003cspan class=\"left\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/video/cal-academy-butterfly-collection\">\u003cimg src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2010/11/WS201Butterfly3001.jpg\" alt=\"\">\u003c/a>\u003cem>The world's largest butterfly species, the Queen Alexandra’s birdwing on display in the Cal Academy's collection\u003c/em>\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The California Academy of Sciences has the largest collection of biological reference materials west of the Mississippi. The collection provides a treasure trove of biological information for scientists and researchers studying the natural world. Of the 20 million specimens housed at the Cal Academy, 17 million are insects within the Entomology Department. Collections Manager Norman Penny gives Science on the SPOT a small peek at The Academy’s vast butterfly collection. “Butterflies hold a special interest for people,” says Penny, “They’re easily preserved, they’re numerous, they’re brightly colored and they show a lot of biological principles.”\u003cbr>\n\u003c!--more-->\u003cbr>\nThe Academy has a long history studying bugs. The Entomology Department officially dates back to 1862 but the first insects and arachnids for The Academy's collection were actually received eight years prior in 1854. By 1900, the collection had grown to about 50,000 specimens. Unfortunately, most of The Academy’s collection was lost in the great fire which followed the 1906 earthquake. However, The Academy had sponsored an expedition to the Galapagos Islands in early 1905, and when the earthquake struck, the entomology team had not yet returned to San Francisco. Thus, the specimens saved from the fire and the new insects collected by the Galapagos expedition members served as a starter of The Academy's new collection. Today, The California Academy of Sciences boasts one of the largest entomology collections in the world.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Penny opened the lids of the cases and showed us a variety of beautiful butterflies from around the world. Bright blue iridescent morpho butterflies from South America glisten as he tilts the case. We see monarchs and owl butterflies from North America and marvel at the huge Queen Alexandra’s birdwing butterflies from Papua New Guinea. My personal favorite was seeing the California state insect, the \u003ca href=\"http://www.netstate.com/states/symb/insects/ca_insect.htm\">Dogface Butterfly\u003c/a>. Once known as “flying pansies,” Dogface butterfly males have bright yellow wings with dark markings that profile a poodle’s head.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But not all of the Cal Academy’s butterfly specimens are pinned in trays. Some are very much alive! Each day within the warm mist of the Academy’s expansive living Rainforest exhibit, colorful butterflies flit freely from blossom to branch. Each week the Academy receives a new batch of living butterfly specimens from the Central American rainforest. Cooperative butterfly farmers in Costa Rica have obtained special permits to allow them to rear native butterflies and send them north.\u003ca href=\"http://video.calacademy.org/details/154\">\u003c/a>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>This program is actually beneficial to the butterflies and their native ecosystems as it encourages farmers to protect pollinators and the critical host plants in the surrounding rainforest. Farmers plant host plants on their land to feed caterpillars. Once the caterpillars transform to pupae some are collected and sent to the Academy.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
"attributes": {
"named": {},
"numeric": []
}
},
{
"type": "component",
"content": "",
"name": "ad",
"attributes": {
"named": {
"label": "fullwidth"
},
"numeric": [
"fullwidth"
]
}
},
{
"type": "contentString",
"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"http://video.calacademy.org/details/154\">(click here to see a behind-the-scenes video of the Rainforest biologists in action)\u003c/a>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>When they arrive, the pupae are carefully unpacked and placed in temperature / humidity controlled chambers where they finish their gradual metamorphosis into colorful butterflies. Each morning, as new adult butterflies emerge, biologists release them into the Rainforest exhibit. Their new home is quite suited for them. Native flowering Costa Rican plants and feeding stations, provide the butterflies here with plenty of nectar and pollen sources to eat. But biologists also need to make sure the butterflies aren’t too happy. The insects are not allowed to reproduce within the Rainforest Dome. Hungry caterpillars would make short work of the contained bio-dome plants.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>That isn’t the case above on the Academy’s \u003ca href=\"http://www.calacademy.org/academy/building/the_living_roof/\">Living Roof\u003c/a>. Here, native plants have been brought in specifically to encourage the whole cycle of life for local butterfly populations. Nine species of native annuals and perennials have been planted, many with specific species of butterflies in mind. Miniature lupine (Lupinus bicolor), California poppies (Eschscholzia californica) and Sea pink (Armeria maritime) that produce pom-pom-like flowers, attract a number of native butterflies. California plantain (Plantago erecta) also hosts a variety of butterfly larvae, including the endangered Bay checkerspot butterfly. And Stonecrop (Sedum spathulifolium) produces nectar for the Hairstreak butterfly and the threatened San Bruno elfin butterfly. Although the famed Living Roof has only been in existence since 2008, \u003ca href=\"http://articles.sfgate.com/2009-04-18/bay-area/17193778_1_insect-species-roof-native-plants\">a study by San Francisco State University\u003c/a> showed that Bay Area native insects are already more prevalent on the Academy’s roof than other areas in Golden Gate Park.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The butterfly collection at the Cal Academy, old and new, pinned in trays or flying free help us better understand and appreciate the world around us. As Norm Penny said, “A lot of the biological principles we study are based on the bright color patterns you see. Scientific study is very vividly displayed on the wings of butterflies.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp> 37.7699 -122.467174\u003c/p>\n\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>",
"attributes": {
"named": {},
"numeric": []
}
}
],
"link": "/quest/10577/producers-notes-cal-academy-butterfly-collection",
"authors": [
"10169"
],
"categories": [
"quest_4"
],
"tags": [
"quest_417",
"quest_418",
"quest_426",
"quest_439",
"quest_855",
"quest_3351",
"quest_2141",
"quest_2349"
],
"featImg": "quest_10583",
"label": "quest"
},
"quest_17548": {
"type": "posts",
"id": "quest_17548",
"meta": {
"index": "posts_1716263798",
"site": "quest",
"id": "17548",
"score": null,
"sort": [
1290105000000
]
},
"parent": 0,
"labelTerm": {
"site": "quest",
"term": 3296
},
"blocks": [],
"publishDate": 1290105000,
"format": "video",
"disqusTitle": "Science on the SPOT: Cal Academy Butterfly Collection",
"title": "Science on the SPOT: Cal Academy Butterfly Collection",
"headTitle": "Science on the SPOT | QUEST | KQED Science",
"content": "\u003cp>The California Academy of Sciences has the largest collection of biological reference materials west of the Mississippi. Dating back over 100 years, the collection provides a treasure trove of biological information for scientists and researchers studying the natural world. Norman Penny, collections manager of the entomology department, gives QUEST viewers a peek at the academy's vast butterfly collection.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n",
"disqusIdentifier": "17548 http://science.kqed.org/quest/video/science-on-the-spot-cal-academy-butterfly-collection/",
"disqusUrl": "https://ww2.kqed.org/quest/2010/11/18/science-on-the-spot-cal-academy-butterfly-collection/",
"stats": {
"hasVideo": false,
"hasChartOrMap": false,
"hasAudio": false,
"hasPolis": false,
"wordCount": 61,
"hasGoogleForm": false,
"hasGallery": false,
"hasHearkenModule": false,
"iframeSrcs": [],
"paragraphCount": 3
},
"modified": 1486513363,
"excerpt": "The California Academy of Sciences has the largest collection of biological reference materials west of the Mississippi River. Norman Penny, collections manager of the entomology department, gives QUEST viewers a peek at the academy's vast butterfly collection.",
"headData": {
"twImgId": "",
"twTitle": "",
"ogTitle": "",
"ogImgId": "",
"twDescription": "",
"description": "",
"title": "Science on the SPOT: Cal Academy Butterfly Collection | KQED",
"ogDescription": "",
"schema": {
"@context": "https://schema.org",
"@type": "Article",
"headline": "Science on the SPOT: Cal Academy Butterfly Collection",
"datePublished": "2010-11-18T10:30:00-08:00",
"dateModified": "2017-02-07T16:22:43-08:00",
"image": "https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2020/02/KQED-OG-Image@1x.png"
}
},
"guestAuthors": [],
"slug": "science-on-the-spot-cal-academy-butterfly-collection",
"status": "publish",
"videoEmbed": "https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=x03lCT9-VnU",
"path": "/quest/17548/science-on-the-spot-cal-academy-butterfly-collection",
"audioTrackLength": null,
"parsedContent": [
{
"type": "contentString",
"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>The California Academy of Sciences has the largest collection of biological reference materials west of the Mississippi. Dating back over 100 years, the collection provides a treasure trove of biological information for scientists and researchers studying the natural world. Norman Penny, collections manager of the entomology department, gives QUEST viewers a peek at the academy's vast butterfly collection.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
"attributes": {
"named": {},
"numeric": []
}
},
{
"type": "component",
"content": "",
"name": "ad",
"attributes": {
"named": {
"label": "fullwidth"
},
"numeric": [
"fullwidth"
]
}
},
{
"type": "contentString",
"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>",
"attributes": {
"named": {},
"numeric": []
}
}
],
"link": "/quest/17548/science-on-the-spot-cal-academy-butterfly-collection",
"authors": [
"10169"
],
"series": [
"quest_3296"
],
"categories": [
"quest_4"
],
"tags": [
"quest_417",
"quest_439",
"quest_10157",
"quest_13"
],
"featImg": "quest_240515",
"label": "quest_3296"
},
"quest_10412": {
"type": "posts",
"id": "quest_10412",
"meta": {
"index": "posts_1716263798",
"site": "quest",
"id": "10412",
"score": null,
"sort": [
1289939678000
]
},
"parent": 0,
"labelTerm": {
"site": "quest"
},
"blocks": [],
"publishDate": 1289939678,
"format": "standard",
"disqusTitle": "Feeling Crabby? Dungeness Crab Season Is Upon Us",
"title": "Feeling Crabby? Dungeness Crab Season Is Upon Us",
"headTitle": "QUEST | KQED Science",
"content": "\u003cp>\u003cspan class=\"left\">\u003ca href=\"http://www.kqed.org/quest/\">\u003cimg src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2010/11/crab300.jpg\" alt=\"\">\u003c/a>\u003cem>Got Crabs? It's opening day for San Francisco’s favorite crustacean: the Dungeness crab.\u003c/em>\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Got Crabs? Dungeness Crab: San Francisco’s Favorite Crustacean.\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The Giants, the Golden Gate Bridge and the Crab of Fisherman’s Wharf - these images are all icons of the City by the Bay. Of the three listed, the crab fishery surpasses all in age, and rival the others in importance to our heritage and history. From the Italian Feluccas who founded Fisherman’s Wharf to the current skippers of family owned crab boats, the \u003ca class=\"zem_slink\" title=\"Dungeness crab\" href=\"http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dungeness_crab\" rel=\"wikipedia\">Dungeness crab\u003c/a> fishery defines our maritime heritage. Today, the local crab fishery is the single-most important commercial fishery left to our local fishermen.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c!--more-->\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Last week I joined a crew and went crab fishing. A small chop crossed the bar. With the summer fog gone, the day was bright and clear. Backing the small vessel to the blue and white buoy, Captain Steve Shirley leans over and snags the buoy among others of various colors just ten yards from Baker Beach. Grunting with exertion, Steve hands over hands sixty feet of polypropylene yellow rope. Eventually a large round cage emerges from the brine and heaving the cage aboard, fifteen crabs squirm inside the mesh. “Nice haul!” Steve grins and taking a metal gauge measures the width of the shell and sorts the crabs. To protect fisheries, \u003ca href=\"http://www.dfg.ca.gov/marine/mapregs5.asp#crab_open\">California requires fishermen to return small crabs and females back to the ocean\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>On opening day last week (following a shark tagging trip), I joined my colleagues of Team Fish Finder on the Tiburon and helped pull traps off Baker Beach. In truth, having an interest to make a documentary on local fisheries, I malingered and filmed the whole affair. Steve and his crew hauled several more traps, some disappointing, and others containing several legal sized crabs. Fishing seasons are built around the “3 S’s”: size, sex and season. The males with shells over 6.25 inches in width went into the cooler as the smalls, fresh molts and all females went back into the water. We also pulled in the smaller rock crabs that Steve returned to the water. The traps - or pots as they are called - are composed of wire mesh, equipped with an odorous mixture of fish guts and heads and two doors sized to allow big crabs in I but small crabs out. With an average haul, we steamed back beneath the Golden Gate Bridge, joining a fleet of small boats heading home with the first season’s crabs.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Crabs are based not only on size but also the fullness or fat content. The test crabs are looking a little thin so the California Fish and Game delayed opening the commercial season for the Central Coast region until today. While we are thinking of fresh cracked crab or a \u003ca href=\"http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Crab_Louie\">Crab Louie\u003c/a>, the commercial fisherman depending on a good haul for most of their annual income are likely wondering, \"Will it be good year?\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>It’s a cyclical fishery and important economically. In the last ten years, San Francisco’s open-ocean crab catch has varied from a high of six million pounds in 2009-2008 to a 10-year low of 1.1 million in 1999-2000.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The 1.1 million tons of Dungeness crab harvested off the coast of San Francisco was less than one-third of the average annual local catch recorded over the past decade, Department of Fish and Game figures show. However, last year’s catch rebounded to 14.7 million tons worth 33 million dollars. With the salmon closure and the crash of the herring population crab season has grown increasingly important for Bay Area fishermen.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>It’s the Pots. Out-of Town Fishermen Impacting Local Fishery\u003cbr>\n\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>There are more complicated issues than seasonal variability affecting the local fishery. Aside from the \u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/audio/oil-spill-anniversary\">Cosco Busan disaster\u003c/a> seriously impacting the fishery in 2007, there are regulatory and market forces at work. The Central California crab season opens two weeks earlier than in Oregon and Washington State and both those states have large commercial crab fishing vessels who can set hundreds of traps at a set.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>These larger vessels steam down and fish the season opener in the Bay (typically the best haul of crabs), and return with full holds to fish their own opener. While some sell locally and lower the price by saturating the market, still others are fishing heavily and offloading in the northern ports.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Unlike Washington and Oregon, California has no limits on the number of traps or pots that each boat can set, meaning that the large boats can catch huge amounts of crab in just a few days. The best quality crab is a live crab. The crabs caught in the large vessels sit in a hold and are off loaded damaged, dead and dying. Where our local industry is small and family owned, fishing each day and providing fresh crab to local buyers, the large boats can stay out for days in rough weather and get 30,000 to 50,000 pounds per trip. Much of this crab is exported and canned.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Besides the increased pressure on the crab population, there are other problems introduced by the increased number of pots. The opener has the best catch, creating a race to fish. This forces the smaller boats to put themselves at greater risk in an already dangerous fishery. Also, despite built-in design for small crabs or other animals to escape, pots break loose in storms becoming “ghost traps” which keep fishing and killing crabs without potential to recover. Mariners also are concerned that the large numbers of pots are a navigation hazard.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>The Dungeness Crab Task Force: Legislation to Limit Crab Pots\u003cbr>\n\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Local crabbers would like to see a limit on traps set. In recent years two bills have been passed to limit the number of traps but were vetoed by the Governor. Currently, there is new hope that a solution may be coming. State Senator Pat Wiggins (Second District representing North Bay to Eureka) has authored legislation (\u003ca href=\"http://www.opc.ca.gov/webmaster/ftp/project_pages/dctf/sb_1690_bill_20080930_chaptered.pdf\">SB1690\u003c/a>) establishing a \u003ca href=\"http://www.opc.ca.gov/2009/04/dungeness-crab-task-force/\">Dungeness Crab Task Force\u003c/a>. Composed of crabbers and crab processors from around California, the task force has made several recommendations including limiting pot limits, pot design and other measures to help local fishermen. The task force proposed additional amendments to the pending legislation which will impact pot limit proposals. Until this legislation works its way through committees and is signed by the governor these limits will not be in effect.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>With the loss of salmon, rock cod, halibut and tuna, our local fleet depend on a healthy crab fishery to maintain their livelihood and the fishing heritage of San Francisco. Until limitations are applied, our local crabbers will be setting pots alongside the larger out-of-state vessels.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Until the legislation makes its way through committees, we can support our local fishermen by buying fresh local crab in season only from local boats or from local fishmongers who purchase directly from San Francisco Bay fishermen. Like all seafood choices, we should avoid buying unsustainable seafood from large warehouse chains (starts with a C- ends with an o) and question where our fish comes from and how it was caught.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad floatright]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>37.7699 -122.467174\u003c/p>\n\n",
"disqusIdentifier": "10412 http://science.kqed.org/quest/2010/11/16/feeling-crabby-dungeness-crab-season-is-upon-us/",
"disqusUrl": "https://ww2.kqed.org/quest/2010/11/16/feeling-crabby-dungeness-crab-season-is-upon-us/",
"stats": {
"hasVideo": false,
"hasChartOrMap": false,
"hasAudio": false,
"hasPolis": false,
"wordCount": 1224,
"hasGoogleForm": false,
"hasGallery": false,
"hasHearkenModule": false,
"iframeSrcs": [],
"paragraphCount": 21
},
"modified": 1366749952,
"excerpt": "Got Crabs? It's that time of year again for San Francisco’s favorite crustacean: the Dungeness crab.",
"headData": {
"twImgId": "",
"twTitle": "",
"ogTitle": "",
"ogImgId": "",
"twDescription": "",
"description": "Got Crabs? It's that time of year again for San Francisco’s favorite crustacean: the Dungeness crab.",
"title": "Feeling Crabby? Dungeness Crab Season Is Upon Us | KQED",
"ogDescription": "",
"schema": {
"@context": "https://schema.org",
"@type": "Article",
"headline": "Feeling Crabby? Dungeness Crab Season Is Upon Us",
"datePublished": "2010-11-16T12:34:38-08:00",
"dateModified": "2013-04-23T13:45:52-07:00",
"image": "https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2020/02/KQED-OG-Image@1x.png"
}
},
"guestAuthors": [],
"slug": "feeling-crabby-dungeness-crab-season-is-upon-us",
"status": "publish",
"WpOldSlug": "when-the-sun-don%e2%80%99t-shine-and-the-wind-don%e2%80%99t-blow",
"path": "/quest/10412/feeling-crabby-dungeness-crab-season-is-upon-us",
"audioTrackLength": null,
"parsedContent": [
{
"type": "contentString",
"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>\u003cspan class=\"left\">\u003ca href=\"http://www.kqed.org/quest/\">\u003cimg src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2010/11/crab300.jpg\" alt=\"\">\u003c/a>\u003cem>Got Crabs? It's opening day for San Francisco’s favorite crustacean: the Dungeness crab.\u003c/em>\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Got Crabs? Dungeness Crab: San Francisco’s Favorite Crustacean.\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The Giants, the Golden Gate Bridge and the Crab of Fisherman’s Wharf - these images are all icons of the City by the Bay. Of the three listed, the crab fishery surpasses all in age, and rival the others in importance to our heritage and history. From the Italian Feluccas who founded Fisherman’s Wharf to the current skippers of family owned crab boats, the \u003ca class=\"zem_slink\" title=\"Dungeness crab\" href=\"http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dungeness_crab\" rel=\"wikipedia\">Dungeness crab\u003c/a> fishery defines our maritime heritage. Today, the local crab fishery is the single-most important commercial fishery left to our local fishermen.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c!--more-->\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Last week I joined a crew and went crab fishing. A small chop crossed the bar. With the summer fog gone, the day was bright and clear. Backing the small vessel to the blue and white buoy, Captain Steve Shirley leans over and snags the buoy among others of various colors just ten yards from Baker Beach. Grunting with exertion, Steve hands over hands sixty feet of polypropylene yellow rope. Eventually a large round cage emerges from the brine and heaving the cage aboard, fifteen crabs squirm inside the mesh. “Nice haul!” Steve grins and taking a metal gauge measures the width of the shell and sorts the crabs. To protect fisheries, \u003ca href=\"http://www.dfg.ca.gov/marine/mapregs5.asp#crab_open\">California requires fishermen to return small crabs and females back to the ocean\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
"attributes": {
"named": {},
"numeric": []
}
},
{
"type": "component",
"content": "",
"name": "ad",
"attributes": {
"named": {
"label": "fullwidth"
},
"numeric": [
"fullwidth"
]
}
},
{
"type": "contentString",
"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>On opening day last week (following a shark tagging trip), I joined my colleagues of Team Fish Finder on the Tiburon and helped pull traps off Baker Beach. In truth, having an interest to make a documentary on local fisheries, I malingered and filmed the whole affair. Steve and his crew hauled several more traps, some disappointing, and others containing several legal sized crabs. Fishing seasons are built around the “3 S’s”: size, sex and season. The males with shells over 6.25 inches in width went into the cooler as the smalls, fresh molts and all females went back into the water. We also pulled in the smaller rock crabs that Steve returned to the water. The traps - or pots as they are called - are composed of wire mesh, equipped with an odorous mixture of fish guts and heads and two doors sized to allow big crabs in I but small crabs out. With an average haul, we steamed back beneath the Golden Gate Bridge, joining a fleet of small boats heading home with the first season’s crabs.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Crabs are based not only on size but also the fullness or fat content. The test crabs are looking a little thin so the California Fish and Game delayed opening the commercial season for the Central Coast region until today. While we are thinking of fresh cracked crab or a \u003ca href=\"http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Crab_Louie\">Crab Louie\u003c/a>, the commercial fisherman depending on a good haul for most of their annual income are likely wondering, \"Will it be good year?\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>It’s a cyclical fishery and important economically. In the last ten years, San Francisco’s open-ocean crab catch has varied from a high of six million pounds in 2009-2008 to a 10-year low of 1.1 million in 1999-2000.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The 1.1 million tons of Dungeness crab harvested off the coast of San Francisco was less than one-third of the average annual local catch recorded over the past decade, Department of Fish and Game figures show. However, last year’s catch rebounded to 14.7 million tons worth 33 million dollars. With the salmon closure and the crash of the herring population crab season has grown increasingly important for Bay Area fishermen.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>It’s the Pots. Out-of Town Fishermen Impacting Local Fishery\u003cbr>\n\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>There are more complicated issues than seasonal variability affecting the local fishery. Aside from the \u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/audio/oil-spill-anniversary\">Cosco Busan disaster\u003c/a> seriously impacting the fishery in 2007, there are regulatory and market forces at work. The Central California crab season opens two weeks earlier than in Oregon and Washington State and both those states have large commercial crab fishing vessels who can set hundreds of traps at a set.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>These larger vessels steam down and fish the season opener in the Bay (typically the best haul of crabs), and return with full holds to fish their own opener. While some sell locally and lower the price by saturating the market, still others are fishing heavily and offloading in the northern ports.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Unlike Washington and Oregon, California has no limits on the number of traps or pots that each boat can set, meaning that the large boats can catch huge amounts of crab in just a few days. The best quality crab is a live crab. The crabs caught in the large vessels sit in a hold and are off loaded damaged, dead and dying. Where our local industry is small and family owned, fishing each day and providing fresh crab to local buyers, the large boats can stay out for days in rough weather and get 30,000 to 50,000 pounds per trip. Much of this crab is exported and canned.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Besides the increased pressure on the crab population, there are other problems introduced by the increased number of pots. The opener has the best catch, creating a race to fish. This forces the smaller boats to put themselves at greater risk in an already dangerous fishery. Also, despite built-in design for small crabs or other animals to escape, pots break loose in storms becoming “ghost traps” which keep fishing and killing crabs without potential to recover. Mariners also are concerned that the large numbers of pots are a navigation hazard.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>The Dungeness Crab Task Force: Legislation to Limit Crab Pots\u003cbr>\n\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Local crabbers would like to see a limit on traps set. In recent years two bills have been passed to limit the number of traps but were vetoed by the Governor. Currently, there is new hope that a solution may be coming. State Senator Pat Wiggins (Second District representing North Bay to Eureka) has authored legislation (\u003ca href=\"http://www.opc.ca.gov/webmaster/ftp/project_pages/dctf/sb_1690_bill_20080930_chaptered.pdf\">SB1690\u003c/a>) establishing a \u003ca href=\"http://www.opc.ca.gov/2009/04/dungeness-crab-task-force/\">Dungeness Crab Task Force\u003c/a>. Composed of crabbers and crab processors from around California, the task force has made several recommendations including limiting pot limits, pot design and other measures to help local fishermen. The task force proposed additional amendments to the pending legislation which will impact pot limit proposals. Until this legislation works its way through committees and is signed by the governor these limits will not be in effect.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>With the loss of salmon, rock cod, halibut and tuna, our local fleet depend on a healthy crab fishery to maintain their livelihood and the fishing heritage of San Francisco. Until limitations are applied, our local crabbers will be setting pots alongside the larger out-of-state vessels.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Until the legislation makes its way through committees, we can support our local fishermen by buying fresh local crab in season only from local boats or from local fishmongers who purchase directly from San Francisco Bay fishermen. Like all seafood choices, we should avoid buying unsustainable seafood from large warehouse chains (starts with a C- ends with an o) and question where our fish comes from and how it was caught.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
"attributes": {
"named": {},
"numeric": []
}
},
{
"type": "component",
"content": "",
"name": "ad",
"attributes": {
"named": {
"label": "floatright"
},
"numeric": [
"floatright"
]
}
},
{
"type": "contentString",
"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>37.7699 -122.467174\u003c/p>\n\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>",
"attributes": {
"named": {},
"numeric": []
}
}
],
"link": "/quest/10412/feeling-crabby-dungeness-crab-season-is-upon-us",
"authors": [
"10217"
],
"categories": [
"quest_4",
"quest_9",
"quest_3229"
],
"tags": [
"quest_446",
"quest_718",
"quest_719",
"quest_895",
"quest_1103",
"quest_13364"
],
"featImg": "quest_10460",
"label": "quest"
},
"quest_10441": {
"type": "posts",
"id": "quest_10441",
"meta": {
"index": "posts_1716263798",
"site": "quest",
"id": "10441",
"score": null,
"sort": [
1289935512000
]
},
"parent": 0,
"labelTerm": {
"site": "quest"
},
"blocks": [],
"publishDate": 1289935512,
"format": "standard",
"disqusTitle": "Migrating Monarch Butterflies Hunker Down in Monterey",
"title": "Migrating Monarch Butterflies Hunker Down in Monterey",
"headTitle": "QUEST | KQED Science",
"content": "\u003cp>\u003cspan class=\"left\">\u003ca href=\"http://www.kqed.org/quest\">\u003cimg src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2010/11/Monarch-Cropped1.jpg\" alt=\"\">\u003c/a>\u003cem>Monarch butterfly. Photo: \u003ca href=\"http://www.flickr.com/photos/alanvernon/\">Alan Vernon\u003c/a>.\u003c/em>\u003c/span>Have you seen National Geographic’s \u003cem>Great Migration\u003c/em> series on TV? I’ve been amazed by those animals’ innate ability to navigate across huge distances. But great migrations aren’t just the stuff of African plains and the open ocean. There are amazing organisms migrating through the Bay Area right now! As you read this, \u003ca href=\"http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Monarch_%28butterfly%29\">monarch butterflies\u003c/a> are arriving at their winter homes in Santa Cruz and Pacific Grove.\u003c!--more-->\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Beautiful black and orange monarchs spend their summers dispersed across North America. At the end of the summer, they embark on a journey of over 2000 miles from their summer homes to their winter havens. Monarchs that live west of the Rockies come to the Monterey Pine and Eucalyptus groves along the California coast, and monarchs east of the Rockies overwinter in forests in the mountains west of Mexico City. These individuals are long-lived, with a lifespan of about 7 months. They fly south and then hunker down, hanging from trees in clusters and basically sleeping. With spring's longer days, the butterflies awaken and fly back north. However, the return trip is not made by the same butterflies that flew south in the fall; instead, the trip is made in stages by their children and grandchildren. Their great (or great-great) grandchildren head south again at the close of summer, never having made that trip before.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c!--more-->\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Monarchs make this long journey by using the sun as a compass. But the position of the sun changes each day, so the monarchs use a circadian (24-hour) clock to compensate for the daily change in the sun’s position. Scientists used to think monarchs’ circadian compass was in their brain—now we know that the compass is in their antennae.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>You can see the overwintering monarchs yourself: \u003ca href=\"http://www.pgmuseum.org/\">The Pacific Grove Museum of Natural History\u003c/a> offers daily tours of the \u003ca href=\"http://www.ci.pg.ca.us/monarchs/default.htm\">Monarch Grove Sanctuary\u003c/a>, just a few miles from Monterey. The museum hosts a special event, Monarch Magic Science Saturday, on November 27. It includes a lecture series about monarchs, butterfly arts and crafts, and a plant sale—you can purchase nectar plants, which provide food for adult monarch butterflies, and milkweed plants, which provide food for the monarch caterpillars. Put these plants in your garden, and maybe you can convince some migrating monarchs to take a detour through your backyard.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Monarch butterflies aren’t the only animals that migrate through the Bay Area: check out \u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/video/the-great-migration\">The Great Migration\u003c/a>, a QUEST TV story about birds traveling along the Pacific Flyway.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp> 36.625317 -121.930636\u003c/p>\n\n",
"disqusIdentifier": "10441 http://www.kqed.org/quest/blog/?p=10441",
"disqusUrl": "https://ww2.kqed.org/quest/2010/11/16/migrating-monarch-butterflies-hunker-down-in-monterey/",
"stats": {
"hasVideo": false,
"hasChartOrMap": false,
"hasAudio": false,
"hasPolis": false,
"wordCount": 437,
"hasGoogleForm": false,
"hasGallery": false,
"hasHearkenModule": false,
"iframeSrcs": [],
"paragraphCount": 9
},
"modified": 1528241780,
"excerpt": "As you read this, monarch butterflies are arriving at their winter homes in Santa Cruz and Pacific Grove.",
"headData": {
"twImgId": "",
"twTitle": "",
"ogTitle": "",
"ogImgId": "",
"twDescription": "",
"description": "As you read this, monarch butterflies are arriving at their winter homes in Santa Cruz and Pacific Grove.",
"title": "Migrating Monarch Butterflies Hunker Down in Monterey | KQED",
"ogDescription": "",
"schema": {
"@context": "https://schema.org",
"@type": "Article",
"headline": "Migrating Monarch Butterflies Hunker Down in Monterey",
"datePublished": "2010-11-16T11:25:12-08:00",
"dateModified": "2018-06-05T16:36:20-07:00",
"image": "https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2020/02/KQED-OG-Image@1x.png"
}
},
"guestAuthors": [],
"slug": "migrating-monarch-butterflies-hunker-down-in-monterey",
"status": "publish",
"path": "/quest/10441/migrating-monarch-butterflies-hunker-down-in-monterey",
"audioTrackLength": null,
"parsedContent": [
{
"type": "contentString",
"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>\u003cspan class=\"left\">\u003ca href=\"http://www.kqed.org/quest\">\u003cimg src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2010/11/Monarch-Cropped1.jpg\" alt=\"\">\u003c/a>\u003cem>Monarch butterfly. Photo: \u003ca href=\"http://www.flickr.com/photos/alanvernon/\">Alan Vernon\u003c/a>.\u003c/em>\u003c/span>Have you seen National Geographic’s \u003cem>Great Migration\u003c/em> series on TV? I’ve been amazed by those animals’ innate ability to navigate across huge distances. But great migrations aren’t just the stuff of African plains and the open ocean. There are amazing organisms migrating through the Bay Area right now! As you read this, \u003ca href=\"http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Monarch_%28butterfly%29\">monarch butterflies\u003c/a> are arriving at their winter homes in Santa Cruz and Pacific Grove.\u003c!--more-->\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Beautiful black and orange monarchs spend their summers dispersed across North America. At the end of the summer, they embark on a journey of over 2000 miles from their summer homes to their winter havens. Monarchs that live west of the Rockies come to the Monterey Pine and Eucalyptus groves along the California coast, and monarchs east of the Rockies overwinter in forests in the mountains west of Mexico City. These individuals are long-lived, with a lifespan of about 7 months. They fly south and then hunker down, hanging from trees in clusters and basically sleeping. With spring's longer days, the butterflies awaken and fly back north. However, the return trip is not made by the same butterflies that flew south in the fall; instead, the trip is made in stages by their children and grandchildren. Their great (or great-great) grandchildren head south again at the close of summer, never having made that trip before.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c!--more-->\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Monarchs make this long journey by using the sun as a compass. But the position of the sun changes each day, so the monarchs use a circadian (24-hour) clock to compensate for the daily change in the sun’s position. Scientists used to think monarchs’ circadian compass was in their brain—now we know that the compass is in their antennae.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>You can see the overwintering monarchs yourself: \u003ca href=\"http://www.pgmuseum.org/\">The Pacific Grove Museum of Natural History\u003c/a> offers daily tours of the \u003ca href=\"http://www.ci.pg.ca.us/monarchs/default.htm\">Monarch Grove Sanctuary\u003c/a>, just a few miles from Monterey. The museum hosts a special event, Monarch Magic Science Saturday, on November 27. It includes a lecture series about monarchs, butterfly arts and crafts, and a plant sale—you can purchase nectar plants, which provide food for adult monarch butterflies, and milkweed plants, which provide food for the monarch caterpillars. Put these plants in your garden, and maybe you can convince some migrating monarchs to take a detour through your backyard.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
"attributes": {
"named": {},
"numeric": []
}
},
{
"type": "component",
"content": "",
"name": "ad",
"attributes": {
"named": {
"label": "fullwidth"
},
"numeric": [
"fullwidth"
]
}
},
{
"type": "contentString",
"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Monarch butterflies aren’t the only animals that migrate through the Bay Area: check out \u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/video/the-great-migration\">The Great Migration\u003c/a>, a QUEST TV story about birds traveling along the Pacific Flyway.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp> 36.625317 -121.930636\u003c/p>\n\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>",
"attributes": {
"named": {},
"numeric": []
}
}
],
"link": "/quest/10441/migrating-monarch-butterflies-hunker-down-in-monterey",
"authors": [
"10200"
],
"categories": [
"quest_4",
"quest_9"
],
"tags": [
"quest_417",
"quest_603",
"quest_1025",
"quest_1819",
"quest_1855",
"quest_1864",
"quest_1869"
],
"featImg": "quest_10446",
"label": "quest"
},
"quest_10188": {
"type": "posts",
"id": "quest_10188",
"meta": {
"index": "posts_1716263798",
"site": "quest",
"id": "10188",
"score": null,
"sort": [
1289232525000
]
},
"parent": 0,
"labelTerm": {
"site": "quest"
},
"blocks": [],
"publishDate": 1289232525,
"format": "standard",
"disqusTitle": "Facts are Facts",
"title": "Facts are Facts",
"headTitle": "QUEST | KQED Science",
"content": "\u003cp>\u003cem>Everyone is entitled to his own opinion, but not his own facts.\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Daniel Patrick Moynihan\u003cbr>\n\u003cbr>\n\u003cspan class=\"left\">\u003ca href=\"http://www.kqed.org/quest\">\u003cimg src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2010/11/WildFire.jpg\" alt=\"\">\u003c/a>\u003cem>High numbers of vaccinated people act like a fire break\u003cbr>that keeps a disease from spreading.\u003c/em>\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Because anyone can write anything on the web, it can be hard to know what is fact and what is not. I wrote about this in my last \u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/2010/10/25/tracing-bad-and-dangerous-internet-science/\">blog\u003c/a>. And this issue has become alarmingly apparent in a discussion going on in a recent QUEST \u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/2010/10/13/health-officials-to-consider-tightening-vaccine-exemptions/\">blog about vaccinations\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c!--more-->\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In the comments section of this blog, someone writes that herd immunity is a complete myth. This is wrong. Herd immunity is real and actually makes perfect sense.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Obviously for a disease to spread, it has to go from one person to another (either directly or indirectly). A man with measles on a deserted island won’t spread it to anyone because there is no one else who can catch it. Same thing with an infected man in the midst of a group of people immune to the disease.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>If we start adding people to the island, then it can spread. And if we put the man with the measles into a group of susceptible people, then it will flare up into a bona fide epidemic (think America when the first Europeans landed).\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Now imagine a city where most of the people are immune. If the man with the measles goes there, odds are he won’t meet anyone susceptible. When he gets better, the disease will disappear. This is herd immunity.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Basically the immune people shield the susceptible ones from the disease. They act as sort of a fire break that keeps the epidemic from spreading. Perfectly reasonable idea.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Of course, it is possible that even though this makes sense it doesn’t actually happen in the real world. I decided to look back at the literature and see if there are any real examples of herd immunity out there. There are lots of them. Here are two. \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>More than a hundred years ago, scientists were noting that not everyone had to be vaccinated against smallpox to stop an epidemic in its tracks*. Scientists also noticed that when they were wiping out smallpox, not everyone needed to be vaccinated to have the disease disappear. In many places, it was enough if 80% of the population could be vaccinated and revaccinated in a 4-5 year period. So smallpox definitely provides evidence for herd immunity. \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>A common argument against statistics like these is that the decrease in disease came not from vaccines but from better hygiene. To try to counter this argument, I decided to look at mumps.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>A mumps vaccine wasn’t really widely available in the U.S. until 1968. Here is a quote from a really thorough review \u003ca href=\"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/8174658\">article \u003c/a>from 1993 in the journal \u003cem>Epidemiological Review\u003c/em> : \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>\"Mumps notifications have now fallen by more than 95 percent since the introduction of vaccination. Given that vaccine uptake has only recently reached that level among school entrants, that uptake among preschoolers is far below that level, and that mumps vaccine efficacy is probably below 90 percent, this decline in incidence is appreciably greater than would be predicted by direct protection alone. Assuming that the decline in reported cases reflects incidence and not a decline in notification efficiency, then this is evidence for indirect protection of susceptibles by herd immunity.\"\u003cbr>\n\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Since mumps vaccinations didn’t start until 1968, it is pretty unlikely that its decrease has been due to better sewers and washing our hands more thoroughly. No, this is a direct result of vaccines and herd immunity. \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In fact the whooping cough epidemic can be explained by herd immunity too. It isn’t that not enough people are vaccinated (at least not yet). Instead, it is that the vaccine has worn off for older kids increasing the number of susceptible people. We now have too few people to have a solid fire break and so flare ups of whooping cough are starting to happen.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>So despite what you might read on the web (including in the comments section of this blog), herd immunity is real. There is an overwhelming amount of data out there to support the idea that it protects us from the diseases that used to sweep through our population. Herd immunity is a fact and therefore real whether you believe in it or not.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>*Farr W. Second annual report of the Registrar-General of Births, Deaths and Marriages of England and Wales, 1840.\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp> 37.7749295 -122.4194155\u003c/p>\n\n",
"disqusIdentifier": "10188 http://www.kqed.org/quest/blog/2010/11/08/facts-are-facts/",
"disqusUrl": "https://ww2.kqed.org/quest/2010/11/08/facts-are-facts/",
"stats": {
"hasVideo": false,
"hasChartOrMap": false,
"hasAudio": false,
"hasPolis": false,
"wordCount": 756,
"hasGoogleForm": false,
"hasGallery": false,
"hasHearkenModule": false,
"iframeSrcs": [],
"paragraphCount": 21
},
"modified": 1289232525,
"excerpt": "Despite what you might read on the web (including in the comments section of this blog), herd immunity is real. There is an overwhelming amount of data out there to support the idea that it protects us from the diseases that used to sweep through our population. Herd immunity is a fact and therefore real whether you believe in it or not.",
"headData": {
"twImgId": "",
"twTitle": "",
"ogTitle": "",
"ogImgId": "",
"twDescription": "",
"description": "Despite what you might read on the web (including in the comments section of this blog), herd immunity is real. There is an overwhelming amount of data out there to support the idea that it protects us from the diseases that used to sweep through our population. Herd immunity is a fact and therefore real whether you believe in it or not.",
"title": "Facts are Facts | KQED",
"ogDescription": "",
"schema": {
"@context": "https://schema.org",
"@type": "Article",
"headline": "Facts are Facts",
"datePublished": "2010-11-08T08:08:45-08:00",
"dateModified": "2010-11-08T08:08:45-08:00",
"image": "https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2020/02/KQED-OG-Image@1x.png"
}
},
"guestAuthors": [],
"slug": "facts-are-facts",
"status": "publish",
"path": "/quest/10188/facts-are-facts",
"audioTrackLength": null,
"parsedContent": [
{
"type": "contentString",
"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>\u003cem>Everyone is entitled to his own opinion, but not his own facts.\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Daniel Patrick Moynihan\u003cbr>\n\u003cbr>\n\u003cspan class=\"left\">\u003ca href=\"http://www.kqed.org/quest\">\u003cimg src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2010/11/WildFire.jpg\" alt=\"\">\u003c/a>\u003cem>High numbers of vaccinated people act like a fire break\u003cbr>that keeps a disease from spreading.\u003c/em>\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Because anyone can write anything on the web, it can be hard to know what is fact and what is not. I wrote about this in my last \u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/2010/10/25/tracing-bad-and-dangerous-internet-science/\">blog\u003c/a>. And this issue has become alarmingly apparent in a discussion going on in a recent QUEST \u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/2010/10/13/health-officials-to-consider-tightening-vaccine-exemptions/\">blog about vaccinations\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c!--more-->\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In the comments section of this blog, someone writes that herd immunity is a complete myth. This is wrong. Herd immunity is real and actually makes perfect sense.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
"attributes": {
"named": {},
"numeric": []
}
},
{
"type": "component",
"content": "",
"name": "ad",
"attributes": {
"named": {
"label": "fullwidth"
},
"numeric": [
"fullwidth"
]
}
},
{
"type": "contentString",
"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Obviously for a disease to spread, it has to go from one person to another (either directly or indirectly). A man with measles on a deserted island won’t spread it to anyone because there is no one else who can catch it. Same thing with an infected man in the midst of a group of people immune to the disease.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>If we start adding people to the island, then it can spread. And if we put the man with the measles into a group of susceptible people, then it will flare up into a bona fide epidemic (think America when the first Europeans landed).\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Now imagine a city where most of the people are immune. If the man with the measles goes there, odds are he won’t meet anyone susceptible. When he gets better, the disease will disappear. This is herd immunity.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Basically the immune people shield the susceptible ones from the disease. They act as sort of a fire break that keeps the epidemic from spreading. Perfectly reasonable idea.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Of course, it is possible that even though this makes sense it doesn’t actually happen in the real world. I decided to look back at the literature and see if there are any real examples of herd immunity out there. There are lots of them. Here are two. \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>More than a hundred years ago, scientists were noting that not everyone had to be vaccinated against smallpox to stop an epidemic in its tracks*. Scientists also noticed that when they were wiping out smallpox, not everyone needed to be vaccinated to have the disease disappear. In many places, it was enough if 80% of the population could be vaccinated and revaccinated in a 4-5 year period. So smallpox definitely provides evidence for herd immunity. \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>A common argument against statistics like these is that the decrease in disease came not from vaccines but from better hygiene. To try to counter this argument, I decided to look at mumps.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>A mumps vaccine wasn’t really widely available in the U.S. until 1968. Here is a quote from a really thorough review \u003ca href=\"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/8174658\">article \u003c/a>from 1993 in the journal \u003cem>Epidemiological Review\u003c/em> : \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>\"Mumps notifications have now fallen by more than 95 percent since the introduction of vaccination. Given that vaccine uptake has only recently reached that level among school entrants, that uptake among preschoolers is far below that level, and that mumps vaccine efficacy is probably below 90 percent, this decline in incidence is appreciably greater than would be predicted by direct protection alone. Assuming that the decline in reported cases reflects incidence and not a decline in notification efficiency, then this is evidence for indirect protection of susceptibles by herd immunity.\"\u003cbr>\n\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Since mumps vaccinations didn’t start until 1968, it is pretty unlikely that its decrease has been due to better sewers and washing our hands more thoroughly. No, this is a direct result of vaccines and herd immunity. \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In fact the whooping cough epidemic can be explained by herd immunity too. It isn’t that not enough people are vaccinated (at least not yet). Instead, it is that the vaccine has worn off for older kids increasing the number of susceptible people. We now have too few people to have a solid fire break and so flare ups of whooping cough are starting to happen.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>So despite what you might read on the web (including in the comments section of this blog), herd immunity is real. There is an overwhelming amount of data out there to support the idea that it protects us from the diseases that used to sweep through our population. Herd immunity is a fact and therefore real whether you believe in it or not.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>*Farr W. Second annual report of the Registrar-General of Births, Deaths and Marriages of England and Wales, 1840.\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp> 37.7749295 -122.4194155\u003c/p>\n\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>",
"attributes": {
"named": {},
"numeric": []
}
}
],
"link": "/quest/10188/facts-are-facts",
"authors": [
"6177"
],
"categories": [
"quest_4"
],
"tags": [
"quest_1356",
"quest_2163",
"quest_3054",
"quest_3055",
"quest_3147",
"quest_3152"
],
"featImg": "quest_10190",
"label": "quest"
},
"quest_10099": {
"type": "posts",
"id": "quest_10099",
"meta": {
"index": "posts_1716263798",
"site": "quest",
"id": "10099",
"score": null,
"sort": [
1288713640000
]
},
"parent": 0,
"labelTerm": {},
"blocks": [],
"publishDate": 1288713640,
"format": "aside",
"disqusTitle": "5 DIY Tricks to Squash Bed Bugs",
"title": "5 DIY Tricks to Squash Bed Bugs",
"headTitle": "QUEST | KQED Science",
"content": "\u003cp>\u003cimg src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2009/07/bed-bug1.jpg\" alt=\"bed-bug\" width=\"300\" height=\"200\" class=\"alignleft size-full wp-image-3120\">\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Unless you've been living under a rock, you'll have undoubtedly heard that the Nation, and San Francisco, in on bed bug alert. The little vampires have invaded San Francisco's homes, movie theaters, public transit and more.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>And killing them is not easy task. If you suspect you have an invasion of bed bugs, it's always a good idea to call a pest control firm to help you exterminate these pests. Complete eradication is difficult and expensive, but here are a few things that you can use at home to help treat the problem.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>If you suspect you have bed bugs, but can't visually identify them, try this: \u003cstrong>Set up a dry ice trap.\u003c/strong> Bed bugs are attracted to the CO2 that we emit. Use an inverted dog bowl and set atop a thermos of dry ice, with the thermos open. Place fabric along the perimeter of the bowl so that bed bugs can climb into it and baby powder in the inverted portion of the bowl which will make it too slippery to escape. As the dry ice emits CO2 you'll be able to determine in the course of one evening if you have bed bugs.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>This technique comes with a number of warnings and disclaimers. \u003c/strong>CO2 can be lethal to humans in large amounts. If you plan on trying to catch bed bugs with dry ice, use the dry ice for no more than 1 hour. Dry ice can cause extensive burns and should be used with extreme caution when handling and around children and pets.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>If you do have bed bugs, the last thing you want is them getting into your bed. \u003cstrong>Purchase hypoallergenic covers\u003c/strong> for your mattress, comforter and pillows to kill any infestation that may be living in them. This is also an excellent preventative measure to do prior to an infestation to prevent bugs from finding a way into your bedding.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Bed bugs are resistant to many/most chemicals, but you may want to consider\u003cstrong> Diatomaceous earth\u003c/strong>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Wikipedia tells us:\u003c/p>\n\u003cblockquote>\u003cp>Diatomaceous earth, also known as DE, diatomite, diahydro, kieselguhr, kieselgur and Celite) is a naturally occurring, soft, chalk-like sedimentary rock that is easily crumbled into a fine white to off-white powder. This powder has an abrasive feel, similar to pumice powder, and is very light, due to its high porosity. The typical chemical composition of diatomaceous earth is 86% silica, 5% sodium, 3% magnesium and 2% iron.\u003c/p>\u003c/blockquote>\n\u003cp>DE can be distributed using a puffer (and while wearing a respirator mask) to slowly kill bed bugs. The dusting remains effective as long as it stays on your floor, so there isn't a need to reapply. DE is not an instant kill solution -- it wears out their outer shell and dehydrates them to death, which takes a few days. This can be a good solution to preventing a re-infestation, but always check with your pest control provider to ensure its not interfering with their own treatment. And remember, DE should not be inhaled. It can cause silicosis, a respiratory disease brought on by inhaling silica.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Climb up insect interceptors\u003c/strong> are another good option. They can be purchased or you can try to make your own. The commercial versions work by luring the bug up into a moat that it cannot escape from (similar to the inverted dog bowl/dry ice idea). Place your bed post in the middle and watch bugs fail to get up the post searching for a meal. If you make your own, you can place your bed post in a bowl with either soapy water or oil, either of which will kill bugs by drowning.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Your best option for eradicating bed bugs is heat\u003c/strong>. They may be resistant to chemicals and sprays, but they are not resistant to being burned alive. Clothes should be washed in the hottest water your washer can provide (at least 120 degrees) and placed in a hot dryer for at least 40 minutes. Since bed bugs love hiding in couches, beds, under carpets and any tiny crevice they can find, \u003cstrong>a good dry steamer \u003c/strong>is indispensable. To kill bed bugs and their eggs on contact the steamer should reach at least 200 degrees at its tip. You can test the heat coming from your steamer using an instant read thermometer under an area you may want to steam. The thermometer must reach at least 180 degrees to kill bugs and eggs on contact.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"http://bedbugger.com\">Bedbugger.com\u003c/a> has many more suggestions for on\u003ca href=\"http://bedbugger.com/faqs/pestcontrol/faq-killing-bed-bugs-with-steam/\"> steamers \u003c/a>and all of the other treatments listed above.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Exercise caution with all of the techniques listed above as some of them can cause bodily harm if administered incorrectly. And look up, you can beat a bed bug infestation, it just takes time and persistence.\u003c/p>\n\n",
"disqusIdentifier": "10099 http://www.kqed.org/quest/blog/?p=10099",
"disqusUrl": "https://ww2.kqed.org/quest/2010/11/02/5-diy-tricks-to-squash-bed-bugs/",
"stats": {
"hasVideo": false,
"hasChartOrMap": false,
"hasAudio": false,
"hasPolis": false,
"wordCount": 800,
"hasGoogleForm": false,
"hasGallery": false,
"hasHearkenModule": false,
"iframeSrcs": [],
"paragraphCount": 16
},
"modified": 1442764001,
"excerpt": "Check out these five DIY options to help you put bed bugs to sleep once and for all.",
"headData": {
"twImgId": "",
"twTitle": "",
"ogTitle": "",
"ogImgId": "",
"twDescription": "",
"description": "Check out these five DIY options to help you put bed bugs to sleep once and for all.",
"title": "5 DIY Tricks to Squash Bed Bugs | KQED",
"ogDescription": "",
"schema": {
"@context": "https://schema.org",
"@type": "Article",
"headline": "5 DIY Tricks to Squash Bed Bugs",
"datePublished": "2010-11-02T09:00:40-07:00",
"dateModified": "2015-09-20T08:46:41-07:00",
"image": "https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2020/02/KQED-OG-Image@1x.png"
}
},
"guestAuthors": [],
"slug": "5-diy-tricks-to-squash-bed-bugs",
"status": "publish",
"sourceUrl": "https://ww2.kqed.org/quest/category/biology/",
"source": "Biology",
"path": "/quest/10099/5-diy-tricks-to-squash-bed-bugs",
"audioTrackLength": null,
"parsedContent": [
{
"type": "contentString",
"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>\u003cimg src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2009/07/bed-bug1.jpg\" alt=\"bed-bug\" width=\"300\" height=\"200\" class=\"alignleft size-full wp-image-3120\">\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Unless you've been living under a rock, you'll have undoubtedly heard that the Nation, and San Francisco, in on bed bug alert. The little vampires have invaded San Francisco's homes, movie theaters, public transit and more.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>And killing them is not easy task. If you suspect you have an invasion of bed bugs, it's always a good idea to call a pest control firm to help you exterminate these pests. Complete eradication is difficult and expensive, but here are a few things that you can use at home to help treat the problem.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>If you suspect you have bed bugs, but can't visually identify them, try this: \u003cstrong>Set up a dry ice trap.\u003c/strong> Bed bugs are attracted to the CO2 that we emit. Use an inverted dog bowl and set atop a thermos of dry ice, with the thermos open. Place fabric along the perimeter of the bowl so that bed bugs can climb into it and baby powder in the inverted portion of the bowl which will make it too slippery to escape. As the dry ice emits CO2 you'll be able to determine in the course of one evening if you have bed bugs.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>This technique comes with a number of warnings and disclaimers. \u003c/strong>CO2 can be lethal to humans in large amounts. If you plan on trying to catch bed bugs with dry ice, use the dry ice for no more than 1 hour. Dry ice can cause extensive burns and should be used with extreme caution when handling and around children and pets.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
"attributes": {
"named": {},
"numeric": []
}
},
{
"type": "component",
"content": "",
"name": "ad",
"attributes": {
"named": {
"label": "fullwidth"
},
"numeric": [
"fullwidth"
]
}
},
{
"type": "contentString",
"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>If you do have bed bugs, the last thing you want is them getting into your bed. \u003cstrong>Purchase hypoallergenic covers\u003c/strong> for your mattress, comforter and pillows to kill any infestation that may be living in them. This is also an excellent preventative measure to do prior to an infestation to prevent bugs from finding a way into your bedding.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Bed bugs are resistant to many/most chemicals, but you may want to consider\u003cstrong> Diatomaceous earth\u003c/strong>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Wikipedia tells us:\u003c/p>\n\u003cblockquote>\u003cp>Diatomaceous earth, also known as DE, diatomite, diahydro, kieselguhr, kieselgur and Celite) is a naturally occurring, soft, chalk-like sedimentary rock that is easily crumbled into a fine white to off-white powder. This powder has an abrasive feel, similar to pumice powder, and is very light, due to its high porosity. The typical chemical composition of diatomaceous earth is 86% silica, 5% sodium, 3% magnesium and 2% iron.\u003c/p>\u003c/blockquote>\n\u003cp>DE can be distributed using a puffer (and while wearing a respirator mask) to slowly kill bed bugs. The dusting remains effective as long as it stays on your floor, so there isn't a need to reapply. DE is not an instant kill solution -- it wears out their outer shell and dehydrates them to death, which takes a few days. This can be a good solution to preventing a re-infestation, but always check with your pest control provider to ensure its not interfering with their own treatment. And remember, DE should not be inhaled. It can cause silicosis, a respiratory disease brought on by inhaling silica.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Climb up insect interceptors\u003c/strong> are another good option. They can be purchased or you can try to make your own. The commercial versions work by luring the bug up into a moat that it cannot escape from (similar to the inverted dog bowl/dry ice idea). Place your bed post in the middle and watch bugs fail to get up the post searching for a meal. If you make your own, you can place your bed post in a bowl with either soapy water or oil, either of which will kill bugs by drowning.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Your best option for eradicating bed bugs is heat\u003c/strong>. They may be resistant to chemicals and sprays, but they are not resistant to being burned alive. Clothes should be washed in the hottest water your washer can provide (at least 120 degrees) and placed in a hot dryer for at least 40 minutes. Since bed bugs love hiding in couches, beds, under carpets and any tiny crevice they can find, \u003cstrong>a good dry steamer \u003c/strong>is indispensable. To kill bed bugs and their eggs on contact the steamer should reach at least 200 degrees at its tip. You can test the heat coming from your steamer using an instant read thermometer under an area you may want to steam. The thermometer must reach at least 180 degrees to kill bugs and eggs on contact.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"http://bedbugger.com\">Bedbugger.com\u003c/a> has many more suggestions for on\u003ca href=\"http://bedbugger.com/faqs/pestcontrol/faq-killing-bed-bugs-with-steam/\"> steamers \u003c/a>and all of the other treatments listed above.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Exercise caution with all of the techniques listed above as some of them can cause bodily harm if administered incorrectly. And look up, you can beat a bed bug infestation, it just takes time and persistence.\u003c/p>\n\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>",
"attributes": {
"named": {},
"numeric": []
}
}
],
"link": "/quest/10099/5-diy-tricks-to-squash-bed-bugs",
"authors": [
"10174"
],
"categories": [
"quest_4",
"quest_9"
],
"tags": [
"quest_303"
],
"featImg": "quest_3120",
"label": "source_quest_10099"
},
"quest_10114": {
"type": "posts",
"id": "quest_10114",
"meta": {
"index": "posts_1716263798",
"site": "quest",
"id": "10114",
"score": null,
"sort": [
1288628164000
]
},
"parent": 0,
"labelTerm": {
"site": "quest"
},
"blocks": [],
"publishDate": 1288628164,
"format": "standard",
"disqusTitle": "Newt Migration",
"title": "Newt Migration",
"headTitle": "QUEST | KQED Science",
"content": "\u003cp>\u003cspan class=\"left\">\u003ca href=\"http://www.kqed.org/quest\">\u003cimg src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2010/11/roughskinned-newt.jpg\" alt=\"\">\u003c/a>\u003cem>Rough-skinned newt. Photo: \u003ca href=\"http://www.flickr.com/photos/otterlove/sets/72157600033674744/\">ap\u003c/a>.\u003c/em>\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The newts are on the move again. Each fall, after the rains start, the newts of Berkeley’s \u003ca href=\"http://www.ebparks.org/parks/tilden\">Tilden Park\u003c/a> start migrating from the woods to waters of Wildcat Creek, where they mate and lay their eggs. South Park Drive, popular with cyclists and Sunday drivers, crosses their migratory path. Each year from November 1 to April 1 the road is closed to cars, to prevent the newts from getting squished. (How did the newt cross the road? Not by being run over, that’s for sure.)\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c!--more--> \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The newts in question are the California newt, \u003ca href=\"http://amphibiaweb.org/cgi-bin/amphib_query?query_src=aw_search_index&where-genus=Taricha&where-species=torosa&rel-genus=equals&rel-species=equals\">Taricha torosa\u003c/a>, brown with a yellow/orange belly, and the rough-skinned newt, \u003ca href=\"http://amphibiaweb.org/cgi-bin/amphib_query?query_src=aw_search_index&where-genus=Taricha&where-species=granulosa&rel-genus=equals&rel-species=equals\">Taricha granulosa\u003c/a>, which also has an orange belly and, as its name suggests, has rough, brown skin. The newts’ orange bellies are warning signs to predators—both species produce tetrodotoxin, a powerful neurotoxin. However, the rough-skinned newt’s toxin is ten times more powerful than the California newt’s toxin.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan class=\"right\">\u003ca href=\"http://www.kqed.org/quest\">\u003cimg src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2010/11/eggmasses.jpg\" alt=\"\">\u003c/a>\u003cem>Newts lay egg masses, like these, in ponds and slow-flowing streams. Photo: Jennifer Skene.\u003c/em>\u003c/span>While these two species are not technically threatened, their habitat has been impacted in recent years: their forests and fields have become our neighborhoods, roads have chopped their remaining habitat into fragments, and the streams and ponds where they lay their eggs have been degraded. The least we can do at this point is refrain from running them over!\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Newts are \u003ca href=\"http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Amphibian\">amphibians\u003c/a>, animals that spend the early part of their life in the water, and their adult life on land. Amphibians are going extinct at an alarming rate; their decline has been referred to as the world’s \u003ca href=\"http://www.sciencedaily.com/releases/2008/08/080811195627.htm\">Sixth Mass Extinction\u003c/a>. Habitat destruction is playing a role, but the main problem is an infectious fungus, called chitrid. San Francisco State professor Vance Vredenburg studies yellow-legged frogs in the high altitude lakes of the Sierra Nevada Mountains. He has seen hundreds of frog populations die out because of chitrid. Learn more about Vance’s work and amphibian declines in QUEST’s TV story, \u003ca href=\"http://www.kqed.org/quest/television/view/894\">Disappearing Frogs\u003c/a>, and in a recent New York Times \u003ca href=\"http://www.nytimes.com/2010/10/05/science/05frog.html\">article\u003c/a> and accompanying \u003ca href=\"http://www.nytimes.com/interactive/2010/10/01/science/20101005-frogs/index.html?ref=science\">audio slide show\u003c/a>. \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Chitrid hasn’t affected the newts in Tilden, but the closure of South Park Drive reminds us that amphibians worldwide face some serious threats.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp> 37.883758 -122.228064\u003c/p>\n\n",
"disqusIdentifier": "10114 http://www.kqed.org/quest/blog/?p=10114",
"disqusUrl": "https://ww2.kqed.org/quest/2010/11/01/newt-migration/",
"stats": {
"hasVideo": false,
"hasChartOrMap": false,
"hasAudio": false,
"hasPolis": false,
"wordCount": 397,
"hasGoogleForm": false,
"hasGallery": false,
"hasHearkenModule": false,
"iframeSrcs": [],
"paragraphCount": 10
},
"modified": 1288628164,
"excerpt": "The newts are on the move again. Each fall, after the rains start, the newts of Berkeley’s Tilden Park start migrating from the woods to waters of Wildcat Creek, where they mate and lay their eggs. South Park Drive, popular with cyclists and Sunday drivers, crosses their migratory path. Each year from November 1 to April 1 the road is closed to cars, to prevent the newts from getting squished. (How did the newt cross the road? Not by being run over, that’s for sure.)",
"headData": {
"twImgId": "",
"twTitle": "",
"ogTitle": "",
"ogImgId": "",
"twDescription": "",
"description": "The newts are on the move again. Each fall, after the rains start, the newts of Berkeley’s Tilden Park start migrating from the woods to waters of Wildcat Creek, where they mate and lay their eggs. South Park Drive, popular with cyclists and Sunday drivers, crosses their migratory path. Each year from November 1 to April 1 the road is closed to cars, to prevent the newts from getting squished. (How did the newt cross the road? Not by being run over, that’s for sure.)",
"title": "Newt Migration | KQED",
"ogDescription": "",
"schema": {
"@context": "https://schema.org",
"@type": "Article",
"headline": "Newt Migration",
"datePublished": "2010-11-01T09:16:04-07:00",
"dateModified": "2010-11-01T09:16:04-07:00",
"image": "https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2020/02/KQED-OG-Image@1x.png"
}
},
"guestAuthors": [],
"slug": "newt-migration",
"status": "publish",
"path": "/quest/10114/newt-migration",
"audioTrackLength": null,
"parsedContent": [
{
"type": "contentString",
"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>\u003cspan class=\"left\">\u003ca href=\"http://www.kqed.org/quest\">\u003cimg src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2010/11/roughskinned-newt.jpg\" alt=\"\">\u003c/a>\u003cem>Rough-skinned newt. Photo: \u003ca href=\"http://www.flickr.com/photos/otterlove/sets/72157600033674744/\">ap\u003c/a>.\u003c/em>\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The newts are on the move again. Each fall, after the rains start, the newts of Berkeley’s \u003ca href=\"http://www.ebparks.org/parks/tilden\">Tilden Park\u003c/a> start migrating from the woods to waters of Wildcat Creek, where they mate and lay their eggs. South Park Drive, popular with cyclists and Sunday drivers, crosses their migratory path. Each year from November 1 to April 1 the road is closed to cars, to prevent the newts from getting squished. (How did the newt cross the road? Not by being run over, that’s for sure.)\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c!--more--> \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The newts in question are the California newt, \u003ca href=\"http://amphibiaweb.org/cgi-bin/amphib_query?query_src=aw_search_index&where-genus=Taricha&where-species=torosa&rel-genus=equals&rel-species=equals\">Taricha torosa\u003c/a>, brown with a yellow/orange belly, and the rough-skinned newt, \u003ca href=\"http://amphibiaweb.org/cgi-bin/amphib_query?query_src=aw_search_index&where-genus=Taricha&where-species=granulosa&rel-genus=equals&rel-species=equals\">Taricha granulosa\u003c/a>, which also has an orange belly and, as its name suggests, has rough, brown skin. The newts’ orange bellies are warning signs to predators—both species produce tetrodotoxin, a powerful neurotoxin. However, the rough-skinned newt’s toxin is ten times more powerful than the California newt’s toxin.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan class=\"right\">\u003ca href=\"http://www.kqed.org/quest\">\u003cimg src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2010/11/eggmasses.jpg\" alt=\"\">\u003c/a>\u003cem>Newts lay egg masses, like these, in ponds and slow-flowing streams. Photo: Jennifer Skene.\u003c/em>\u003c/span>While these two species are not technically threatened, their habitat has been impacted in recent years: their forests and fields have become our neighborhoods, roads have chopped their remaining habitat into fragments, and the streams and ponds where they lay their eggs have been degraded. The least we can do at this point is refrain from running them over!\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
"attributes": {
"named": {},
"numeric": []
}
},
{
"type": "component",
"content": "",
"name": "ad",
"attributes": {
"named": {
"label": "fullwidth"
},
"numeric": [
"fullwidth"
]
}
},
{
"type": "contentString",
"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Newts are \u003ca href=\"http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Amphibian\">amphibians\u003c/a>, animals that spend the early part of their life in the water, and their adult life on land. Amphibians are going extinct at an alarming rate; their decline has been referred to as the world’s \u003ca href=\"http://www.sciencedaily.com/releases/2008/08/080811195627.htm\">Sixth Mass Extinction\u003c/a>. Habitat destruction is playing a role, but the main problem is an infectious fungus, called chitrid. San Francisco State professor Vance Vredenburg studies yellow-legged frogs in the high altitude lakes of the Sierra Nevada Mountains. He has seen hundreds of frog populations die out because of chitrid. Learn more about Vance’s work and amphibian declines in QUEST’s TV story, \u003ca href=\"http://www.kqed.org/quest/television/view/894\">Disappearing Frogs\u003c/a>, and in a recent New York Times \u003ca href=\"http://www.nytimes.com/2010/10/05/science/05frog.html\">article\u003c/a> and accompanying \u003ca href=\"http://www.nytimes.com/interactive/2010/10/01/science/20101005-frogs/index.html?ref=science\">audio slide show\u003c/a>. \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Chitrid hasn’t affected the newts in Tilden, but the closure of South Park Drive reminds us that amphibians worldwide face some serious threats.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp> 37.883758 -122.228064\u003c/p>\n\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>",
"attributes": {
"named": {},
"numeric": []
}
}
],
"link": "/quest/10114/newt-migration",
"authors": [
"10200"
],
"categories": [
"quest_4",
"quest_9"
],
"tags": [
"quest_147",
"quest_148",
"quest_453",
"quest_586",
"quest_912",
"quest_1049",
"quest_1155",
"quest_1291",
"quest_1989",
"quest_1990",
"quest_2455",
"quest_2943"
],
"label": "quest"
},
"quest_17547": {
"type": "posts",
"id": "quest_17547",
"meta": {
"index": "posts_1716263798",
"site": "quest",
"id": "17547",
"score": null,
"sort": [
1288230300000
]
},
"parent": 0,
"labelTerm": {
"site": "quest",
"term": 3296
},
"blocks": [],
"publishDate": 1288230300,
"format": "video",
"disqusTitle": "Science on the SPOT: Fire and Butterflies",
"title": "Science on the SPOT: Fire and Butterflies",
"headTitle": "Science on the SPOT | QUEST | KQED Science",
"content": "\u003cp>The Golden Gate National Recreation Area is teaming up with its partners to study how fire may promote the growth of Silver Leaf Lupine, a native flower that serves as host to the endangered Mission Blue Butterfly. Found in only a handful of locations within the Bay Area, the butterfly depends on its Lupine host plant during every stage of its life cycle.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n",
"disqusIdentifier": "17547 http://science.kqed.org/quest/video/science-on-the-spot-fire-and-butterflies/",
"disqusUrl": "https://ww2.kqed.org/quest/2010/10/27/science-on-the-spot-fire-and-butterflies/",
"stats": {
"hasVideo": false,
"hasChartOrMap": false,
"hasAudio": false,
"hasPolis": false,
"wordCount": 65,
"hasGoogleForm": false,
"hasGallery": false,
"hasHearkenModule": false,
"iframeSrcs": [],
"paragraphCount": 3
},
"modified": 1486513446,
"excerpt": "Can fire save the endangered Mission Blue Butterfly? The Golden Gate National Recreation Area experiments with using controlled burns to improve habitat for this critically imperiled Bay Area native. ",
"headData": {
"twImgId": "",
"twTitle": "",
"ogTitle": "",
"ogImgId": "",
"twDescription": "",
"description": "Can fire save the endangered Mission Blue Butterfly? The Golden Gate National Recreation Area experiments with using controlled burns to improve habitat for this critically imperiled Bay Area native. ",
"title": "Science on the SPOT: Fire and Butterflies | KQED",
"ogDescription": "",
"schema": {
"@context": "https://schema.org",
"@type": "Article",
"headline": "Science on the SPOT: Fire and Butterflies",
"datePublished": "2010-10-27T18:45:00-07:00",
"dateModified": "2017-02-07T16:24:06-08:00",
"image": "https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2020/02/KQED-OG-Image@1x.png"
}
},
"guestAuthors": [],
"slug": "science-on-the-spot-fire-and-butterflies",
"status": "publish",
"videoEmbed": "https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ExqB5YU65nU",
"path": "/quest/17547/science-on-the-spot-fire-and-butterflies",
"audioTrackLength": null,
"parsedContent": [
{
"type": "contentString",
"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>The Golden Gate National Recreation Area is teaming up with its partners to study how fire may promote the growth of Silver Leaf Lupine, a native flower that serves as host to the endangered Mission Blue Butterfly. Found in only a handful of locations within the Bay Area, the butterfly depends on its Lupine host plant during every stage of its life cycle.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
"attributes": {
"named": {},
"numeric": []
}
},
{
"type": "component",
"content": "",
"name": "ad",
"attributes": {
"named": {
"label": "fullwidth"
},
"numeric": [
"fullwidth"
]
}
},
{
"type": "contentString",
"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>",
"attributes": {
"named": {},
"numeric": []
}
}
],
"link": "/quest/17547/science-on-the-spot-fire-and-butterflies",
"authors": [
"6219",
"10169"
],
"series": [
"quest_3296"
],
"categories": [
"quest_4",
"quest_9"
],
"tags": [
"quest_10980",
"quest_417",
"quest_1095",
"quest_1208",
"quest_1237",
"quest_3351",
"quest_10981",
"quest_1837",
"quest_2141",
"quest_2349",
"quest_13"
],
"featImg": "quest_240517",
"label": "quest_3296"
},
"quest_9922": {
"type": "posts",
"id": "quest_9922",
"meta": {
"index": "posts_1716263798",
"site": "quest",
"id": "9922",
"score": null,
"sort": [
1288229140000
]
},
"parent": 0,
"labelTerm": {
"site": "quest"
},
"blocks": [],
"publishDate": 1288229140,
"format": "standard",
"title": "Producer's Notes for Science on the SPOT: Fire and Butterflies",
"headTitle": "Producer’s Notes for Science on the SPOT: Fire and Butterflies | KQED",
"content": "\u003cp>\u003cspan class=\"left\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/video/science-on-the-spot-fire-and-butterflies\">\u003cimg decoding=\"async\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2010/10/WS115_FireAndButterflies300.jpg\" alt=\"\">\u003c/a>\u003c/span>On a glorious sunny August morning I found myself in a parking lot in the Marin headlands attending in a pre-burn fire crew meeting. While most of my attention was allocated towards snapping photos of the fire crews, I picked up a few words from the burn master Roger Wong. My ears perked up when he described how we should flee down hill in the unlikely event that the flames escaped their control. Good to know.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c!--more-->\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>He went on to inform the crews where the ambulance would pick up casualties in the event of an accident, and that helicopter extraction was standing by in case anyone was badly burned. The crew of about 30 firefighters appeared completely unfazed, just another day at the office. The divide between these fairly heroic-looking fire crew members and myself was exaggerated by the fact that I was provided with the last available set of fireproof clothing, which was far too large for me. I also had to figure out how to wear my bulky headphones and a bright orange hard hat simultaneously.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>It was my first day out as a primary shooter for QUEST’s Science on the SPOT. As the summer intern I was just happy to be out in the field producing content, instead of being back in an office logging tapes and making coffee the way so many productions require of their interns. I had just moved back to the bay area from Bozeman, where I had spent the last three years as a graduate student in Montana State University’s MFA program in Science and Natural History Filmmaking. A few months earlier I had met QUEST Producer Chris Bauer at the San Francisco Ocean Film Festival. We both had films screening the festival, and between screenings I had told him that I was a huge fan of KQED and QUEST. He suggested that as a student I should look into the possibility of interning with QUEST. Now here we were, three months later, about to film a prescribed burn intended to improve habitat quality for endangered Mission Blue Butterflies by increasing the population of their fire disturbance dependent host plant, the Silver Leaf Lupine.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>I was very eager to try to impress Chris by getting some great footage of the burn, despite being relatively unfamiliar with the QUEST camera and audio equipment. Compounding my challenge was the bright sun and wind; not ideal conditions for shooting interviews with digital video.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The burn had actually been planned for the week before, but thick fog dampened the possibility of a quality burn at that time. But now the weather was just right for a fire, and the fog seemed content to lurk off shore in the distance. When I was first told about the shoot I had pictured a giant controlled burn the size of several football fields with 30 foot flames leaping into the sky, but I later found out that the burns would actually be performed in 3 meter square open topped stainless steel boxes. The fire crews placed the boxes over areas of grass and brush that had been previously marked of and used gasoline in a drip can to ignite the dry vegetation which immediately lit up. In my eagerness, I moseyed up to the edge of the box and peered over the edge with the camera. While it was not the huge conflagration I had previously imagined it was certainly a powerful blaze, enough to singe the fuzzy wind protection covering the camera’s microphone (don’t tell anyone), and make me consider taking a few steps back. When the fuel was exhausted and the fire burned out, they would move the box to the next plot and “cold trail” the burnt plot with fire hoses.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>While humans have an innate fear of fire, it is a natural part of the coastal grassland ecosystem. Wildlife Ecologist Bill Merkle explained to us that historically the coastal region was comprised of a mosaic of habitats allowing any one particular area to burn at a time within its own boundary. Humans had a drastic effect on the ecosystem, and generations raised on warnings from a certain bear in a ranger’s hat had resulted many areas going unnaturally long without a burn.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>This brings us to the point of this entire endeavor… by performing prescribed burns on specific parts of the coastal grassland within the Golden Gate National Recreation Area Bill Merkle and his partners hoped to increase the Silver Leaf Lupine population, with the plan to burn larger areas if the experimental burns proved successful. Lupine thrives in areas that experience disturbance, and the plant’s seeds actually require some sort of “scarification” by fire or abrasion in order to germinate. The day’s experiment was to compare scraping with McLeod fire rake to a controlled burn, to see would prove more successful in inducing seed germination and growth.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>By the end of the day the crew had successfully burned four separate areas and seemed satisfied with their work. I was also feeling pretty good about the footage I had collected, and the interview we had done with Bill Merkle. It was then that I happened to look over at my fellow QUESTrian Chris and realized that we had both forgotten sunscreen. And with that, two rather rosy-hued filmmakers headed back to the city.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp> 37.826818 -122.523724\u003c/p>\n\n",
"stats": {
"hasVideo": false,
"hasChartOrMap": false,
"hasAudio": false,
"hasPolis": false,
"wordCount": 916,
"hasGoogleForm": false,
"hasGallery": false,
"hasHearkenModule": false,
"iframeSrcs": [],
"paragraphCount": 12
},
"modified": 1684974733,
"excerpt": "On a glorious sunny August morning I found myself in a parking lot in the Marin headlands attending in a pre-burn fire crew meeting.",
"headData": {
"twImgId": "",
"twTitle": "",
"ogTitle": "",
"ogImgId": "",
"twDescription": "",
"description": "On a glorious sunny August morning I found myself in a parking lot in the Marin headlands attending in a pre-burn fire crew meeting.",
"title": "Producer's Notes for Science on the SPOT: Fire and Butterflies | KQED",
"ogDescription": "",
"schema": {
"@context": "https://schema.org",
"@type": "Article",
"headline": "Producer's Notes for Science on the SPOT: Fire and Butterflies",
"datePublished": "2010-10-27T18:25:40-07:00",
"dateModified": "2023-05-24T17:32:13-07:00",
"image": "https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2020/02/KQED-OG-Image@1x.png"
}
},
"guestAuthors": [],
"slug": "producers-notes-for-science-on-the-spot-fire-and-butterflies",
"status": "publish",
"templateType": "standard",
"excludeFromSiteSearch": "Include",
"featuredImageType": "standard",
"articleAge": "0",
"path": "/quest/9922/producers-notes-for-science-on-the-spot-fire-and-butterflies",
"audioTrackLength": null,
"parsedContent": [
{
"type": "contentString",
"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>\u003cspan class=\"left\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/video/science-on-the-spot-fire-and-butterflies\">\u003cimg decoding=\"async\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2010/10/WS115_FireAndButterflies300.jpg\" alt=\"\">\u003c/a>\u003c/span>On a glorious sunny August morning I found myself in a parking lot in the Marin headlands attending in a pre-burn fire crew meeting. While most of my attention was allocated towards snapping photos of the fire crews, I picked up a few words from the burn master Roger Wong. My ears perked up when he described how we should flee down hill in the unlikely event that the flames escaped their control. Good to know.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c!--more-->\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>He went on to inform the crews where the ambulance would pick up casualties in the event of an accident, and that helicopter extraction was standing by in case anyone was badly burned. The crew of about 30 firefighters appeared completely unfazed, just another day at the office. The divide between these fairly heroic-looking fire crew members and myself was exaggerated by the fact that I was provided with the last available set of fireproof clothing, which was far too large for me. I also had to figure out how to wear my bulky headphones and a bright orange hard hat simultaneously.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>It was my first day out as a primary shooter for QUEST’s Science on the SPOT. As the summer intern I was just happy to be out in the field producing content, instead of being back in an office logging tapes and making coffee the way so many productions require of their interns. I had just moved back to the bay area from Bozeman, where I had spent the last three years as a graduate student in Montana State University’s MFA program in Science and Natural History Filmmaking. A few months earlier I had met QUEST Producer Chris Bauer at the San Francisco Ocean Film Festival. We both had films screening the festival, and between screenings I had told him that I was a huge fan of KQED and QUEST. He suggested that as a student I should look into the possibility of interning with QUEST. Now here we were, three months later, about to film a prescribed burn intended to improve habitat quality for endangered Mission Blue Butterflies by increasing the population of their fire disturbance dependent host plant, the Silver Leaf Lupine.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>I was very eager to try to impress Chris by getting some great footage of the burn, despite being relatively unfamiliar with the QUEST camera and audio equipment. Compounding my challenge was the bright sun and wind; not ideal conditions for shooting interviews with digital video.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
"attributes": {
"named": {},
"numeric": []
}
},
{
"type": "component",
"content": "",
"name": "ad",
"attributes": {
"named": {
"label": "fullwidth"
},
"numeric": [
"fullwidth"
]
}
},
{
"type": "contentString",
"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The burn had actually been planned for the week before, but thick fog dampened the possibility of a quality burn at that time. But now the weather was just right for a fire, and the fog seemed content to lurk off shore in the distance. When I was first told about the shoot I had pictured a giant controlled burn the size of several football fields with 30 foot flames leaping into the sky, but I later found out that the burns would actually be performed in 3 meter square open topped stainless steel boxes. The fire crews placed the boxes over areas of grass and brush that had been previously marked of and used gasoline in a drip can to ignite the dry vegetation which immediately lit up. In my eagerness, I moseyed up to the edge of the box and peered over the edge with the camera. While it was not the huge conflagration I had previously imagined it was certainly a powerful blaze, enough to singe the fuzzy wind protection covering the camera’s microphone (don’t tell anyone), and make me consider taking a few steps back. When the fuel was exhausted and the fire burned out, they would move the box to the next plot and “cold trail” the burnt plot with fire hoses.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>While humans have an innate fear of fire, it is a natural part of the coastal grassland ecosystem. Wildlife Ecologist Bill Merkle explained to us that historically the coastal region was comprised of a mosaic of habitats allowing any one particular area to burn at a time within its own boundary. Humans had a drastic effect on the ecosystem, and generations raised on warnings from a certain bear in a ranger’s hat had resulted many areas going unnaturally long without a burn.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>This brings us to the point of this entire endeavor… by performing prescribed burns on specific parts of the coastal grassland within the Golden Gate National Recreation Area Bill Merkle and his partners hoped to increase the Silver Leaf Lupine population, with the plan to burn larger areas if the experimental burns proved successful. Lupine thrives in areas that experience disturbance, and the plant’s seeds actually require some sort of “scarification” by fire or abrasion in order to germinate. The day’s experiment was to compare scraping with McLeod fire rake to a controlled burn, to see would prove more successful in inducing seed germination and growth.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>By the end of the day the crew had successfully burned four separate areas and seemed satisfied with their work. I was also feeling pretty good about the footage I had collected, and the interview we had done with Bill Merkle. It was then that I happened to look over at my fellow QUESTrian Chris and realized that we had both forgotten sunscreen. And with that, two rather rosy-hued filmmakers headed back to the city.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp> 37.826818 -122.523724\u003c/p>\n\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>",
"attributes": {
"named": {},
"numeric": []
}
}
],
"link": "/quest/9922/producers-notes-for-science-on-the-spot-fire-and-butterflies",
"authors": [
"6219"
],
"categories": [
"quest_4",
"quest_9"
],
"tags": [
"quest_413",
"quest_417",
"quest_1095",
"quest_1208",
"quest_3351",
"quest_1738",
"quest_1838",
"quest_2141",
"quest_2283",
"quest_2349",
"quest_2521",
"quest_2632"
],
"featImg": "quest_9924",
"label": "quest"
}
},
"podcastsReducer": {
"isFetching": false,
"fetchFailed": false,
"hasFetched": false,
"podcasts": {}
},
"radioProgramsReducer": {
"isFetching": false,
"fetchFailed": false,
"hasFetched": false,
"radioPrograms": {}
},
"radioSearchSegmentsReducer": {},
"programsReducer": {
"all-things-considered": {
"id": "all-things-considered",
"title": "All Things Considered",
"info": "Every weekday, \u003cem>All Things Considered\u003c/em> hosts Robert Siegel, Audie Cornish, Ari Shapiro, and Kelly McEvers present the program's trademark mix of news, interviews, commentaries, reviews, and offbeat features. Michel Martin hosts on the weekends.",
"airtime": "MON-FRI 1pm-2pm, 4:30pm-6:30pm\u003cbr />SAT-SUN 5pm-6pm",
"imageSrc": "https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/04/All-Things-Considered-Podcast-Tile-360x360-1.jpg",
"officialWebsiteLink": "https://www.npr.org/programs/all-things-considered/",
"meta": {
"site": "news",
"source": "npr"
},
"link": "/radio/program/all-things-considered"
},
"american-suburb-podcast": {
"id": "american-suburb-podcast",
"title": "American Suburb: The Podcast",
"tagline": "The flip side of gentrification, told through one town",
"info": "Gentrification is changing cities across America, forcing people from neighborhoods they have long called home. Call them the displaced. Now those priced out of the Bay Area are looking for a better life in an unlikely place. American Suburb follows this migration to one California town along the Delta, 45 miles from San Francisco. But is this once sleepy suburb ready for them?",
"imageSrc": "https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/04/American-Suburb-Podcast-Tile-703x703-1.jpg",
"officialWebsiteLink": "/news/series/american-suburb-podcast",
"meta": {
"site": "news",
"source": "kqed",
"order": 19
},
"link": "/news/series/american-suburb-podcast/",
"subscribe": {
"npr": "https://rpb3r.app.goo.gl/RBrW",
"apple": "https://itunes.apple.com/WebObjects/MZStore.woa/wa/viewPodcast?mt=2&id=1287748328",
"tuneIn": "https://tunein.com/radio/American-Suburb-p1086805/",
"rss": "https://ww2.kqed.org/news/series/american-suburb-podcast/feed/podcast",
"google": "https://podcasts.google.com/feed/aHR0cHM6Ly9mZWVkcy5tZWdhcGhvbmUuZm0vS1FJTkMzMDExODgxNjA5"
}
},
"baycurious": {
"id": "baycurious",
"title": "Bay Curious",
"tagline": "Exploring the Bay Area, one question at a time",
"info": "KQED’s new podcast, Bay Curious, gets to the bottom of the mysteries — both profound and peculiar — that give the Bay Area its unique identity. And we’ll do it with your help! You ask the questions. You decide what Bay Curious investigates. And you join us on the journey to find the answers.",
"imageSrc": "https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/04/Bay-Curious-Podcast-Tile-703x703-1.jpg",
"imageAlt": "KQED Bay Curious",
"officialWebsiteLink": "/news/series/baycurious",
"meta": {
"site": "news",
"source": "kqed",
"order": 3
},
"link": "/podcasts/baycurious",
"subscribe": {
"apple": "https://podcasts.apple.com/us/podcast/bay-curious/id1172473406",
"npr": "https://www.npr.org/podcasts/500557090/bay-curious",
"rss": "https://ww2.kqed.org/news/category/bay-curious-podcast/feed/podcast",
"amazon": "https://music.amazon.com/podcasts/9a90d476-aa04-455d-9a4c-0871ed6216d4/bay-curious",
"stitcher": "https://www.stitcher.com/podcast/kqed/bay-curious",
"spotify": "https://open.spotify.com/show/6O76IdmhixfijmhTZLIJ8k"
}
},
"bbc-world-service": {
"id": "bbc-world-service",
"title": "BBC World Service",
"info": "The day's top stories from BBC News compiled twice daily in the week, once at weekends.",
"airtime": "MON-FRI 9pm-10pm, TUE-FRI 1am-2am",
"imageSrc": "https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/04/BBC-World-Service-Podcast-Tile-360x360-1.jpg",
"officialWebsiteLink": "https://www.bbc.co.uk/sounds/play/live:bbc_world_service",
"meta": {
"site": "news",
"source": "BBC World Service"
},
"link": "/radio/program/bbc-world-service",
"subscribe": {
"apple": "https://itunes.apple.com/us/podcast/global-news-podcast/id135067274?mt=2",
"tuneIn": "https://tunein.com/radio/BBC-World-Service-p455581/",
"rss": "https://podcasts.files.bbci.co.uk/p02nq0gn.rss"
}
},
"californiareport": {
"id": "californiareport",
"title": "The California Report",
"tagline": "California, day by day",
"info": "KQED’s statewide radio news program providing daily coverage of issues, trends and public policy decisions.",
"imageSrc": "https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/04/The-California-Report-Podcast-Tile-703x703-1.jpg",
"imageAlt": "KQED The California Report",
"officialWebsiteLink": "/californiareport",
"meta": {
"site": "news",
"source": "kqed",
"order": 8
},
"link": "/californiareport",
"subscribe": {
"apple": "https://podcasts.apple.com/us/podcast/kqeds-the-california-report/id79681292",
"amazon": "https://music.amazon.com/podcasts/26099305-72af-4542-9dde-ac1807fe36d5/kqed-s-the-california-report",
"npr": "https://www.npr.org/podcasts/432285393/the-california-report",
"stitcher": "https://www.stitcher.com/podcast/kqedfm-kqeds-the-california-report-podcast-8838",
"rss": "https://ww2.kqed.org/news/tag/tcram/feed/podcast"
}
},
"californiareportmagazine": {
"id": "californiareportmagazine",
"title": "The California Report Magazine",
"tagline": "Your state, your stories",
"info": "Every week, The California Report Magazine takes you on a road trip for the ears: to visit the places and meet the people who make California unique. The in-depth storytelling podcast from the California Report.",
"airtime": "FRI 4:30pm-5pm, 6:30pm-7pm, 11pm-11:30pm",
"imageSrc": "https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/04/The-California-Report-Magazine-Podcast-Tile-703x703-1.jpg",
"imageAlt": "KQED The California Report Magazine",
"officialWebsiteLink": "/californiareportmagazine",
"meta": {
"site": "news",
"source": "kqed",
"order": 10
},
"link": "/californiareportmagazine",
"subscribe": {
"apple": "https://podcasts.apple.com/us/podcast/the-california-report-magazine/id1314750545",
"google": "https://podcasts.google.com/feed/aHR0cHM6Ly9mZWVkcy5tZWdhcGhvbmUuZm0vS1FJTkM3NjkwNjk1OTAz",
"npr": "https://www.npr.org/podcasts/564733126/the-california-report-magazine",
"stitcher": "https://www.stitcher.com/podcast/kqed/the-california-report-magazine",
"rss": "https://ww2.kqed.org/news/tag/tcrmag/feed/podcast"
}
},
"city-arts": {
"id": "city-arts",
"title": "City Arts & Lectures",
"info": "A one-hour radio program to hear celebrated writers, artists and thinkers address contemporary ideas and values, often discussing the creative process. Please note: tapes or transcripts are not available",
"imageSrc": "https://ww2.kqed.org/radio/wp-content/uploads/sites/50/2018/05/cityartsandlecture-300x300.jpg",
"officialWebsiteLink": "https://www.cityarts.net/",
"airtime": "SUN 1pm-2pm, TUE 10pm, WED 1am",
"meta": {
"site": "news",
"source": "City Arts & Lectures"
},
"link": "https://www.cityarts.net",
"subscribe": {
"tuneIn": "https://tunein.com/radio/City-Arts-and-Lectures-p692/",
"rss": "https://www.cityarts.net/feed/"
}
},
"closealltabs": {
"id": "closealltabs",
"title": "Close All Tabs",
"tagline": "Your irreverent guide to the trends redefining our world",
"info": "Close All Tabs breaks down how digital culture shapes our world through thoughtful insights and irreverent humor.",
"imageSrc": "https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2025/02/CAT_2_Tile-scaled.jpg",
"imageAlt": "KQED Close All Tabs",
"officialWebsiteLink": "/podcasts/closealltabs",
"meta": {
"site": "news",
"source": "kqed",
"order": 1
},
"link": "/podcasts/closealltabs",
"subscribe": {
"apple": "https://podcasts.apple.com/us/podcast/close-all-tabs/id214663465",
"rss": "https://feeds.megaphone.fm/KQINC6993880386",
"amazon": "https://music.amazon.com/podcasts/92d9d4ac-67a3-4eed-b10a-fb45d45b1ef2/close-all-tabs",
"spotify": "https://open.spotify.com/show/6LAJFHnGK1pYXYzv6SIol6?si=deb0cae19813417c"
}
},
"code-switch-life-kit": {
"id": "code-switch-life-kit",
"title": "Code Switch / Life Kit",
"info": "\u003cem>Code Switch\u003c/em>, which listeners will hear in the first part of the hour, has fearless and much-needed conversations about race. Hosted by journalists of color, the show tackles the subject of race head-on, exploring how it impacts every part of society — from politics and pop culture to history, sports and more.\u003cbr />\u003cbr />\u003cem>Life Kit\u003c/em>, which will be in the second part of the hour, guides you through spaces and feelings no one prepares you for — from finances to mental health, from workplace microaggressions to imposter syndrome, from relationships to parenting. The show features experts with real world experience and shares their knowledge. Because everyone needs a little help being human.\u003cbr />\u003cbr />\u003ca href=\"https://www.npr.org/podcasts/510312/codeswitch\">\u003cem>Code Switch\u003c/em> offical site and podcast\u003c/a>\u003cbr />\u003ca href=\"https://www.npr.org/lifekit\">\u003cem>Life Kit\u003c/em> offical site and podcast\u003c/a>\u003cbr />",
"airtime": "SUN 9pm-10pm",
"imageSrc": "https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/04/Code-Switch-Life-Kit-Podcast-Tile-360x360-1.jpg",
"meta": {
"site": "radio",
"source": "npr"
},
"link": "/radio/program/code-switch-life-kit",
"subscribe": {
"apple": "https://podcasts.apple.com/podcast/1112190608?mt=2&at=11l79Y&ct=nprdirectory",
"google": "https://podcasts.google.com/feed/aHR0cHM6Ly93d3cubnByLm9yZy9yc3MvcG9kY2FzdC5waHA_aWQ9NTEwMzEy",
"spotify": "https://open.spotify.com/show/3bExJ9JQpkwNhoHvaIIuyV",
"rss": "https://feeds.npr.org/510312/podcast.xml"
}
},
"commonwealth-club": {
"id": "commonwealth-club",
"title": "Commonwealth Club of California Podcast",
"info": "The Commonwealth Club of California is the nation's oldest and largest public affairs forum. As a non-partisan forum, The Club brings to the public airwaves diverse viewpoints on important topics. The Club's weekly radio broadcast - the oldest in the U.S., dating back to 1924 - is carried across the nation on public radio stations and is now podcasting. Our website archive features audio of our recent programs, as well as selected speeches from our long and distinguished history. This podcast feed is usually updated twice a week and is always un-edited.",
"airtime": "THU 10pm, FRI 1am",
"imageSrc": "https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/04/Commonwealth-Club-Podcast-Tile-360x360-1.jpg",
"officialWebsiteLink": "https://www.commonwealthclub.org/podcasts",
"meta": {
"site": "news",
"source": "Commonwealth Club of California"
},
"link": "/radio/program/commonwealth-club",
"subscribe": {
"apple": "https://itunes.apple.com/us/podcast/commonwealth-club-of-california-podcast/id976334034?mt=2",
"google": "https://podcasts.google.com/feed/aHR0cDovL3d3dy5jb21tb253ZWFsdGhjbHViLm9yZy9hdWRpby9wb2RjYXN0L3dlZWtseS54bWw",
"tuneIn": "https://tunein.com/radio/Commonwealth-Club-of-California-p1060/"
}
},
"forum": {
"id": "forum",
"title": "Forum",
"tagline": "The conversation starts here",
"info": "KQED’s live call-in program discussing local, state, national and international issues, as well as in-depth interviews.",
"airtime": "MON-FRI 9am-11am, 10pm-11pm",
"imageSrc": "https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/04/Forum-Podcast-Tile-703x703-1.jpg",
"imageAlt": "KQED Forum with Mina Kim and Alexis Madrigal",
"officialWebsiteLink": "/forum",
"meta": {
"site": "news",
"source": "kqed",
"order": 9
},
"link": "/forum",
"subscribe": {
"apple": "https://podcasts.apple.com/us/podcast/kqeds-forum/id73329719",
"google": "https://podcasts.google.com/feed/aHR0cHM6Ly9mZWVkcy5tZWdhcGhvbmUuZm0vS1FJTkM5NTU3MzgxNjMz",
"npr": "https://www.npr.org/podcasts/432307980/forum",
"stitcher": "https://www.stitcher.com/podcast/kqedfm-kqeds-forum-podcast",
"rss": "https://feeds.megaphone.fm/KQINC9557381633"
}
},
"freakonomics-radio": {
"id": "freakonomics-radio",
"title": "Freakonomics Radio",
"info": "Freakonomics Radio is a one-hour award-winning podcast and public-radio project hosted by Stephen Dubner, with co-author Steve Levitt as a regular guest. It is produced in partnership with WNYC.",
"imageSrc": "https://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2018/05/freakonomicsRadio.png",
"officialWebsiteLink": "http://freakonomics.com/",
"airtime": "SUN 1am-2am, SAT 3pm-4pm",
"meta": {
"site": "radio",
"source": "WNYC"
},
"link": "/radio/program/freakonomics-radio",
"subscribe": {
"npr": "https://rpb3r.app.goo.gl/4s8b",
"apple": "https://itunes.apple.com/us/podcast/freakonomics-radio/id354668519",
"tuneIn": "https://tunein.com/podcasts/WNYC-Podcasts/Freakonomics-Radio-p272293/",
"rss": "https://feeds.feedburner.com/freakonomicsradio"
}
},
"fresh-air": {
"id": "fresh-air",
"title": "Fresh Air",
"info": "Hosted by Terry Gross, \u003cem>Fresh Air from WHYY\u003c/em> is the Peabody Award-winning weekday magazine of contemporary arts and issues. One of public radio's most popular programs, Fresh Air features intimate conversations with today's biggest luminaries.",
"airtime": "MON-FRI 7pm-8pm",
"imageSrc": "https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/04/Fresh-Air-Podcast-Tile-360x360-1.jpg",
"officialWebsiteLink": "https://www.npr.org/programs/fresh-air/",
"meta": {
"site": "radio",
"source": "npr"
},
"link": "/radio/program/fresh-air",
"subscribe": {
"npr": "https://rpb3r.app.goo.gl/4s8b",
"apple": "https://itunes.apple.com/WebObjects/MZStore.woa/wa/viewPodcast?s=143441&mt=2&id=214089682&at=11l79Y&ct=nprdirectory",
"tuneIn": "https://tunein.com/radio/Fresh-Air-p17/",
"rss": "https://feeds.npr.org/381444908/podcast.xml"
}
},
"here-and-now": {
"id": "here-and-now",
"title": "Here & Now",
"info": "A live production of NPR and WBUR Boston, in collaboration with stations across the country, Here & Now reflects the fluid world of news as it's happening in the middle of the day, with timely, in-depth news, interviews and conversation. Hosted by Robin Young, Jeremy Hobson and Tonya Mosley.",
"airtime": "MON-THU 11am-12pm",
"imageSrc": "https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/04/Here-And-Now-Podcast-Tile-360x360-1.jpg",
"officialWebsiteLink": "http://www.wbur.org/hereandnow",
"meta": {
"site": "news",
"source": "npr"
},
"link": "/radio/program/here-and-now",
"subsdcribe": {
"apple": "https://itunes.apple.com/WebObjects/MZStore.woa/wa/viewPodcast?mt=2&id=426698661",
"tuneIn": "https://tunein.com/radio/Here--Now-p211/",
"rss": "https://feeds.npr.org/510051/podcast.xml"
}
},
"hidden-brain": {
"id": "hidden-brain",
"title": "Hidden Brain",
"info": "Shankar Vedantam uses science and storytelling to reveal the unconscious patterns that drive human behavior, shape our choices and direct our relationships.",
"imageSrc": "https://ww2.kqed.org/radio/wp-content/uploads/sites/50/2018/05/hiddenbrain.jpg",
"officialWebsiteLink": "https://www.npr.org/series/423302056/hidden-brain",
"airtime": "SUN 7pm-8pm",
"meta": {
"site": "news",
"source": "NPR"
},
"link": "/radio/program/hidden-brain",
"subscribe": {
"apple": "https://itunes.apple.com/us/podcast/hidden-brain/id1028908750?mt=2",
"tuneIn": "https://tunein.com/podcasts/Science-Podcasts/Hidden-Brain-p787503/",
"rss": "https://feeds.npr.org/510308/podcast.xml"
}
},
"how-i-built-this": {
"id": "how-i-built-this",
"title": "How I Built This with Guy Raz",
"info": "Guy Raz dives into the stories behind some of the world's best known companies. How I Built This weaves a narrative journey about innovators, entrepreneurs and idealists—and the movements they built.",
"imageSrc": "https://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2018/05/howIBuiltThis.png",
"officialWebsiteLink": "https://www.npr.org/podcasts/510313/how-i-built-this",
"airtime": "SUN 7:30pm-8pm",
"meta": {
"site": "news",
"source": "npr"
},
"link": "/radio/program/how-i-built-this",
"subscribe": {
"npr": "https://rpb3r.app.goo.gl/3zxy",
"apple": "https://itunes.apple.com/us/podcast/how-i-built-this-with-guy-raz/id1150510297?mt=2",
"tuneIn": "https://tunein.com/podcasts/Arts--Culture-Podcasts/How-I-Built-This-p910896/",
"rss": "https://feeds.npr.org/510313/podcast.xml"
}
},
"hyphenacion": {
"id": "hyphenacion",
"title": "Hyphenación",
"tagline": "Where conversation and cultura meet",
"info": "What kind of no sabo word is Hyphenación? For us, it’s about living within a hyphenation. Like being a third-gen Mexican-American from the Texas border now living that Bay Area Chicano life. Like Xorje! Each week we bring together a couple of hyphenated Latinos to talk all about personal life choices: family, careers, relationships, belonging … everything is on the table. ",
"imageSrc": "https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2025/03/Hyphenacion_FinalAssets_PodcastTile.png",
"imageAlt": "KQED Hyphenación",
"officialWebsiteLink": "/podcasts/hyphenacion",
"meta": {
"site": "news",
"source": "kqed",
"order": 15
},
"link": "/podcasts/hyphenacion",
"subscribe": {
"apple": "https://podcasts.apple.com/us/podcast/hyphenaci%C3%B3n/id1191591838",
"spotify": "https://open.spotify.com/show/2p3Fifq96nw9BPcmFdIq0o?si=39209f7b25774f38",
"youtube": "https://www.youtube.com/c/kqedarts",
"amazon": "https://music.amazon.com/podcasts/6c3dd23c-93fb-4aab-97ba-1725fa6315f1/hyphenaci%C3%B3n",
"rss": "https://feeds.megaphone.fm/KQINC2275451163"
}
},
"jerrybrown": {
"id": "jerrybrown",
"title": "The Political Mind of Jerry Brown",
"tagline": "Lessons from a lifetime in politics",
"info": "The Political Mind of Jerry Brown brings listeners the wisdom of the former Governor, Mayor, and presidential candidate. Scott Shafer interviewed Brown for more than 40 hours, covering the former governor's life and half-century in the political game – and Brown has some lessons he'd like to share. ",
"imageSrc": "https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/04/The-Political-Mind-of-Jerry-Brown-Podcast-Tile-703x703-1.jpg",
"imageAlt": "KQED The Political Mind of Jerry Brown",
"officialWebsiteLink": "/podcasts/jerrybrown",
"meta": {
"site": "news",
"source": "kqed",
"order": 18
},
"link": "/podcasts/jerrybrown",
"subscribe": {
"npr": "https://www.npr.org/podcasts/790253322/the-political-mind-of-jerry-brown",
"apple": "https://itunes.apple.com/us/podcast/id1492194549",
"rss": "https://ww2.kqed.org/news/series/jerrybrown/feed/podcast/",
"tuneIn": "http://tun.in/pjGcK",
"stitcher": "https://www.stitcher.com/podcast/kqed/the-political-mind-of-jerry-brown",
"spotify": "https://open.spotify.com/show/54C1dmuyFyKMFttY6X2j6r?si=K8SgRCoISNK6ZbjpXrX5-w",
"amazon": "https://music.amazon.com/podcasts/44420f75-3b0e-4301-ab3b-16da6b09e543/the-political-mind-of-jerry-brown"
}
},
"latino-usa": {
"id": "latino-usa",
"title": "Latino USA",
"airtime": "MON 1am-2am, SUN 6pm-7pm",
"info": "Latino USA, the radio journal of news and culture, is the only national, English-language radio program produced from a Latino perspective.",
"imageSrc": "https://ww2.kqed.org/radio/wp-content/uploads/sites/50/2018/04/latinoUsa.jpg",
"officialWebsiteLink": "http://latinousa.org/",
"meta": {
"site": "news",
"source": "npr"
},
"link": "/radio/program/latino-usa",
"subscribe": {
"npr": "https://rpb3r.app.goo.gl/xtTd",
"apple": "https://itunes.apple.com/WebObjects/MZStore.woa/wa/viewPodcast?s=143441&mt=2&id=79681317&at=11l79Y&ct=nprdirectory",
"tuneIn": "https://tunein.com/radio/Latino-USA-p621/",
"rss": "https://feeds.npr.org/510016/podcast.xml"
}
},
"marketplace": {
"id": "marketplace",
"title": "Marketplace",
"info": "Our flagship program, helmed by Kai Ryssdal, examines what the day in money delivered, through stories, conversations, newsworthy numbers and more. Updated Monday through Friday at about 3:30 p.m. PT.",
"airtime": "MON-FRI 4pm-4:30pm, MON-WED 6:30pm-7pm",
"imageSrc": "https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/04/Marketplace-Podcast-Tile-360x360-1.jpg",
"officialWebsiteLink": "https://www.marketplace.org/",
"meta": {
"site": "news",
"source": "American Public Media"
},
"link": "/radio/program/marketplace",
"subscribe": {
"apple": "https://itunes.apple.com/WebObjects/MZStore.woa/wa/viewPodcast?s=143441&mt=2&id=201853034&at=11l79Y&ct=nprdirectory",
"tuneIn": "https://tunein.com/radio/APM-Marketplace-p88/",
"rss": "https://feeds.publicradio.org/public_feeds/marketplace-pm/rss/rss"
}
},
"masters-of-scale": {
"id": "masters-of-scale",
"title": "Masters of Scale",
"info": "Masters of Scale is an original podcast in which LinkedIn co-founder and Greylock Partner Reid Hoffman sets out to describe and prove theories that explain how great entrepreneurs take their companies from zero to a gazillion in ingenious fashion.",
"airtime": "Every other Wednesday June 12 through October 16 at 8pm (repeats Thursdays at 2am)",
"imageSrc": "https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/04/Masters-of-Scale-Podcast-Tile-360x360-1.jpg",
"officialWebsiteLink": "https://mastersofscale.com/",
"meta": {
"site": "radio",
"source": "WaitWhat"
},
"link": "/radio/program/masters-of-scale",
"subscribe": {
"apple": "http://mastersofscale.app.link/",
"rss": "https://rss.art19.com/masters-of-scale"
}
},
"mindshift": {
"id": "mindshift",
"title": "MindShift",
"tagline": "A podcast about the future of learning and how we raise our kids",
"info": "The MindShift podcast explores the innovations in education that are shaping how kids learn. Hosts Ki Sung and Katrina Schwartz introduce listeners to educators, researchers, parents and students who are developing effective ways to improve how kids learn. We cover topics like how fed-up administrators are developing surprising tactics to deal with classroom disruptions; how listening to podcasts are helping kids develop reading skills; the consequences of overparenting; and why interdisciplinary learning can engage students on all ends of the traditional achievement spectrum. This podcast is part of the MindShift education site, a division of KQED News. KQED is an NPR/PBS member station based in San Francisco. You can also visit the MindShift website for episodes and supplemental blog posts or tweet us \u003ca href=\"https://twitter.com/MindShiftKQED\">@MindShiftKQED\u003c/a> or visit us at \u003ca href=\"/mindshift\">MindShift.KQED.org\u003c/a>",
"imageSrc": "https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/04/Mindshift-Podcast-Tile-703x703-1.jpg",
"imageAlt": "KQED MindShift: How We Will Learn",
"officialWebsiteLink": "/mindshift/",
"meta": {
"site": "news",
"source": "kqed",
"order": 12
},
"link": "/podcasts/mindshift",
"subscribe": {
"apple": "https://podcasts.apple.com/us/podcast/mindshift-podcast/id1078765985",
"google": "https://podcasts.google.com/feed/aHR0cHM6Ly9mZWVkcy5tZWdhcGhvbmUuZm0vS1FJTkM1NzY0NjAwNDI5",
"npr": "https://www.npr.org/podcasts/464615685/mind-shift-podcast",
"stitcher": "https://www.stitcher.com/podcast/kqed/stories-teachers-share",
"spotify": "https://open.spotify.com/show/0MxSpNYZKNprFLCl7eEtyx"
}
},
"morning-edition": {
"id": "morning-edition",
"title": "Morning Edition",
"info": "\u003cem>Morning Edition\u003c/em> takes listeners around the country and the world with multi-faceted stories and commentaries every weekday. Hosts Steve Inskeep, David Greene and Rachel Martin bring you the latest breaking news and features to prepare you for the day.",
"airtime": "MON-FRI 3am-9am",
"imageSrc": "https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/04/Morning-Edition-Podcast-Tile-360x360-1.jpg",
"officialWebsiteLink": "https://www.npr.org/programs/morning-edition/",
"meta": {
"site": "news",
"source": "npr"
},
"link": "/radio/program/morning-edition"
},
"onourwatch": {
"id": "onourwatch",
"title": "On Our Watch",
"tagline": "Deeply-reported investigative journalism",
"info": "For decades, the process for how police police themselves has been inconsistent – if not opaque. In some states, like California, these proceedings were completely hidden. After a new police transparency law unsealed scores of internal affairs files, our reporters set out to examine these cases and the shadow world of police discipline. On Our Watch brings listeners into the rooms where officers are questioned and witnesses are interrogated to find out who this system is really protecting. Is it the officers, or the public they've sworn to serve?",
"imageSrc": "https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/04/On-Our-Watch-Podcast-Tile-703x703-1.jpg",
"imageAlt": "On Our Watch from NPR and KQED",
"officialWebsiteLink": "/podcasts/onourwatch",
"meta": {
"site": "news",
"source": "kqed",
"order": 11
},
"link": "/podcasts/onourwatch",
"subscribe": {
"apple": "https://podcasts.apple.com/podcast/id1567098962",
"google": "https://podcasts.google.com/feed/aHR0cHM6Ly9mZWVkcy5ucHIub3JnLzUxMDM2MC9wb2RjYXN0LnhtbD9zYz1nb29nbGVwb2RjYXN0cw",
"npr": "https://rpb3r.app.goo.gl/onourwatch",
"spotify": "https://open.spotify.com/show/0OLWoyizopu6tY1XiuX70x",
"tuneIn": "https://tunein.com/radio/On-Our-Watch-p1436229/",
"stitcher": "https://www.stitcher.com/show/on-our-watch",
"rss": "https://feeds.npr.org/510360/podcast.xml"
}
},
"on-the-media": {
"id": "on-the-media",
"title": "On The Media",
"info": "Our weekly podcast explores how the media 'sausage' is made, casts an incisive eye on fluctuations in the marketplace of ideas, and examines threats to the freedom of information and expression in America and abroad. For one hour a week, the show tries to lift the veil from the process of \"making media,\" especially news media, because it's through that lens that we see the world and the world sees us",
"airtime": "SUN 2pm-3pm, MON 12am-1am",
"imageSrc": "https://ww2.kqed.org/radio/wp-content/uploads/sites/50/2018/04/onTheMedia.png",
"officialWebsiteLink": "https://www.wnycstudios.org/shows/otm",
"meta": {
"site": "news",
"source": "wnyc"
},
"link": "/radio/program/on-the-media",
"subscribe": {
"apple": "https://itunes.apple.com/us/podcast/on-the-media/id73330715?mt=2",
"tuneIn": "https://tunein.com/radio/On-the-Media-p69/",
"rss": "http://feeds.wnyc.org/onthemedia"
}
},
"pbs-newshour": {
"id": "pbs-newshour",
"title": "PBS NewsHour",
"info": "Analysis, background reports and updates from the PBS NewsHour putting today's news in context.",
"airtime": "MON-FRI 3pm-4pm",
"imageSrc": "https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/04/PBS-News-Hour-Podcast-Tile-360x360-1.jpg",
"officialWebsiteLink": "https://www.pbs.org/newshour/",
"meta": {
"site": "news",
"source": "pbs"
},
"link": "/radio/program/pbs-newshour",
"subscribe": {
"apple": "https://itunes.apple.com/us/podcast/pbs-newshour-full-show/id394432287?mt=2",
"tuneIn": "https://tunein.com/radio/PBS-NewsHour---Full-Show-p425698/",
"rss": "https://www.pbs.org/newshour/feeds/rss/podcasts/show"
}
},
"perspectives": {
"id": "perspectives",
"title": "Perspectives",
"tagline": "KQED's series of daily listener commentaries since 1991",
"info": "KQED's series of daily listener commentaries since 1991.",
"imageSrc": "https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2025/01/Perspectives_Tile_Final.jpg",
"imageAlt": "KQED Perspectives",
"officialWebsiteLink": "/perspectives/",
"meta": {
"site": "radio",
"source": "kqed",
"order": 14
},
"link": "/perspectives",
"subscribe": {
"apple": "https://podcasts.apple.com/us/podcast/id73801135",
"npr": "https://www.npr.org/podcasts/432309616/perspectives",
"rss": "https://ww2.kqed.org/perspectives/category/perspectives/feed/",
"google": "https://podcasts.google.com/feed/aHR0cHM6Ly93dzIua3FlZC5vcmcvcGVyc3BlY3RpdmVzL2NhdGVnb3J5L3BlcnNwZWN0aXZlcy9mZWVkLw"
}
},
"planet-money": {
"id": "planet-money",
"title": "Planet Money",
"info": "The economy explained. Imagine you could call up a friend and say, Meet me at the bar and tell me what's going on with the economy. Now imagine that's actually a fun evening.",
"airtime": "SUN 3pm-4pm",
"imageSrc": "https://ww2.kqed.org/radio/wp-content/uploads/sites/50/2018/04/planetmoney.jpg",
"officialWebsiteLink": "https://www.npr.org/sections/money/",
"meta": {
"site": "news",
"source": "npr"
},
"link": "/radio/program/planet-money",
"subscribe": {
"npr": "https://rpb3r.app.goo.gl/M4f5",
"apple": "https://itunes.apple.com/us/podcast/planet-money/id290783428?mt=2",
"tuneIn": "https://tunein.com/podcasts/Business--Economics-Podcasts/Planet-Money-p164680/",
"rss": "https://feeds.npr.org/510289/podcast.xml"
}
},
"politicalbreakdown": {
"id": "politicalbreakdown",
"title": "Political Breakdown",
"tagline": "Politics from a personal perspective",
"info": "Political Breakdown is a new series that explores the political intersection of California and the nation. Each week hosts Scott Shafer and Marisa Lagos are joined with a new special guest to unpack politics -- with personality — and offer an insider’s glimpse at how politics happens.",
"airtime": "THU 6:30pm-7pm",
"imageSrc": "https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/04/Political-Breakdown-2024-Podcast-Tile-703x703-1.jpg",
"imageAlt": "KQED Political Breakdown",
"officialWebsiteLink": "/podcasts/politicalbreakdown",
"meta": {
"site": "radio",
"source": "kqed",
"order": 5
},
"link": "/podcasts/politicalbreakdown",
"subscribe": {
"apple": "https://podcasts.apple.com/us/podcast/political-breakdown/id1327641087",
"amazon": "https://music.amazon.com/podcasts/e0c2d153-ad36-4c8d-901d-f1da6a724824/political-breakdown",
"npr": "https://www.npr.org/podcasts/572155894/political-breakdown",
"stitcher": "https://www.stitcher.com/podcast/kqed/political-breakdown",
"spotify": "https://open.spotify.com/show/07RVyIjIdk2WDuVehvBMoN",
"rss": "https://ww2.kqed.org/news/tag/political-breakdown/feed/podcast"
}
},
"possible": {
"id": "possible",
"title": "Possible",
"info": "Possible is hosted by entrepreneur Reid Hoffman and writer Aria Finger. Together in Possible, Hoffman and Finger lead enlightening discussions about building a brighter collective future. The show features interviews with visionary guests like Trevor Noah, Sam Altman and Janette Sadik-Khan. Possible paints an optimistic portrait of the world we can create through science, policy, business, art and our shared humanity. It asks: What if everything goes right for once? How can we get there? Each episode also includes a short fiction story generated by advanced AI GPT-4, serving as a thought-provoking springboard to speculate how humanity could leverage technology for good.",
"airtime": "SUN 2pm",
"imageSrc": "https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/04/Possible-Podcast-Tile-360x360-1.jpg",
"officialWebsiteLink": "https://www.possible.fm/",
"meta": {
"site": "news",
"source": "Possible"
},
"link": "/radio/program/possible",
"subscribe": {
"apple": "https://podcasts.apple.com/us/podcast/possible/id1677184070",
"spotify": "https://open.spotify.com/show/730YpdUSNlMyPQwNnyjp4k"
}
},
"pri-the-world": {
"id": "pri-the-world",
"title": "PRI's The World: Latest Edition",
"info": "Each weekday, host Marco Werman and his team of producers bring you the world's most interesting stories in an hour of radio that reminds us just how small our planet really is.",
"airtime": "MON-FRI 2pm-3pm",
"imageSrc": "https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/04/The-World-Podcast-Tile-360x360-1.jpg",
"officialWebsiteLink": "https://www.pri.org/programs/the-world",
"meta": {
"site": "news",
"source": "PRI"
},
"link": "/radio/program/pri-the-world",
"subscribe": {
"apple": "https://itunes.apple.com/us/podcast/pris-the-world-latest-edition/id278196007?mt=2",
"tuneIn": "https://tunein.com/podcasts/News--Politics-Podcasts/PRIs-The-World-p24/",
"rss": "http://feeds.feedburner.com/pri/theworld"
}
},
"radiolab": {
"id": "radiolab",
"title": "Radiolab",
"info": "A two-time Peabody Award-winner, Radiolab is an investigation told through sounds and stories, and centered around one big idea. In the Radiolab world, information sounds like music and science and culture collide. Hosted by Jad Abumrad and Robert Krulwich, the show is designed for listeners who demand skepticism, but appreciate wonder. WNYC Studios is the producer of other leading podcasts including Freakonomics Radio, Death, Sex & Money, On the Media and many more.",
"airtime": "SUN 12am-1am, SAT 2pm-3pm",
"imageSrc": "https://ww2.kqed.org/radio/wp-content/uploads/sites/50/2018/04/radiolab1400.png",
"officialWebsiteLink": "https://www.wnycstudios.org/shows/radiolab/",
"meta": {
"site": "science",
"source": "WNYC"
},
"link": "/radio/program/radiolab",
"subscribe": {
"apple": "https://itunes.apple.com/us/podcast/radiolab/id152249110?mt=2",
"tuneIn": "https://tunein.com/radio/RadioLab-p68032/",
"rss": "https://feeds.wnyc.org/radiolab"
}
},
"reveal": {
"id": "reveal",
"title": "Reveal",
"info": "Created by The Center for Investigative Reporting and PRX, Reveal is public radios first one-hour weekly radio show and podcast dedicated to investigative reporting. Credible, fact based and without a partisan agenda, Reveal combines the power and artistry of driveway moment storytelling with data-rich reporting on critically important issues. The result is stories that inform and inspire, arming our listeners with information to right injustices, hold the powerful accountable and improve lives.Reveal is hosted by Al Letson and showcases the award-winning work of CIR and newsrooms large and small across the nation. In a radio and podcast market crowded with choices, Reveal focuses on important and often surprising stories that illuminate the world for our listeners.",
"airtime": "SAT 4pm-5pm",
"imageSrc": "https://ww2.kqed.org/radio/wp-content/uploads/sites/50/2018/04/reveal300px.png",
"officialWebsiteLink": "https://www.revealnews.org/episodes/",
"meta": {
"site": "news",
"source": "npr"
},
"link": "/radio/program/reveal",
"subscribe": {
"apple": "https://itunes.apple.com/us/podcast/reveal/id886009669",
"tuneIn": "https://tunein.com/radio/Reveal-p679597/",
"rss": "http://feeds.revealradio.org/revealpodcast"
}
},
"rightnowish": {
"id": "rightnowish",
"title": "Rightnowish",
"tagline": "Art is where you find it",
"info": "Rightnowish digs into life in the Bay Area right now… ish. Journalist Pendarvis Harshaw takes us to galleries painted on the sides of liquor stores in West Oakland. We'll dance in warehouses in the Bayview, make smoothies with kids in South Berkeley, and listen to classical music in a 1984 Cutlass Supreme in Richmond. Every week, Pen talks to movers and shakers about how the Bay Area shapes what they create, and how they shape the place we call home.",
"imageSrc": "https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/04/Rightnowish-Podcast-Tile-500x500-1.jpg",
"imageAlt": "KQED Rightnowish with Pendarvis Harshaw",
"officialWebsiteLink": "/podcasts/rightnowish",
"meta": {
"site": "arts",
"source": "kqed",
"order": 16
},
"link": "/podcasts/rightnowish",
"subscribe": {
"npr": "https://www.npr.org/podcasts/721590300/rightnowish",
"rss": "https://ww2.kqed.org/arts/programs/rightnowish/feed/podcast",
"apple": "https://podcasts.apple.com/us/podcast/rightnowish/id1482187648",
"stitcher": "https://www.stitcher.com/podcast/kqed/rightnowish",
"google": "https://podcasts.google.com/feed/aHR0cHM6Ly9mZWVkcy5tZWdhcGhvbmUuZm0vS1FJTkMxMjU5MTY3NDc4",
"spotify": "https://open.spotify.com/show/7kEJuafTzTVan7B78ttz1I"
}
},
"science-friday": {
"id": "science-friday",
"title": "Science Friday",
"info": "Science Friday is a weekly science talk show, broadcast live over public radio stations nationwide. Each week, the show focuses on science topics that are in the news and tries to bring an educated, balanced discussion to bear on the scientific issues at hand. Panels of expert guests join host Ira Flatow, a veteran science journalist, to discuss science and to take questions from listeners during the call-in portion of the program.",
"airtime": "FRI 11am-1pm",
"imageSrc": "https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/04/Science-Friday-Podcast-Tile-360x360-1.jpg",
"officialWebsiteLink": "https://www.wnycstudios.org/shows/science-friday",
"meta": {
"site": "news",
"source": "npr"
},
"link": "/radio/program/science-friday",
"subscribe": {
"apple": "https://itunes.apple.com/WebObjects/MZStore.woa/wa/viewPodcast?s=143441&mt=2&id=73329284&at=11l79Y&ct=nprdirectory",
"tuneIn": "https://tunein.com/radio/Science-Friday-p394/",
"rss": "http://feeds.wnyc.org/science-friday"
}
},
"snap-judgment": {
"id": "snap-judgment",
"title": "Snap Judgment",
"tagline": "Real stories with killer beats",
"info": "The Snap Judgment radio show and podcast mixes real stories with killer beats to produce cinematic, dramatic radio. Snap's musical brand of storytelling dares listeners to see the world through the eyes of another. This is storytelling... with a BEAT!! Snap first aired on public radio stations nationwide in July 2010. Today, Snap Judgment airs on over 450 public radio stations and is brought to the airwaves by KQED & PRX.",
"airtime": "SAT 1pm-2pm, 9pm-10pm",
"imageSrc": "https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/05/Snap-Judgment-Podcast-Tile-703x703-1.jpg",
"imageAlt": "KQED Snap Judgment",
"officialWebsiteLink": "https://snapjudgment.org",
"meta": {
"site": "arts",
"source": "kqed",
"order": 4
},
"link": "https://snapjudgment.org",
"subscribe": {
"apple": "https://podcasts.apple.com/us/podcast/snap-judgment/id283657561",
"npr": "https://www.npr.org/podcasts/449018144/snap-judgment",
"stitcher": "https://www.pandora.com/podcast/snap-judgment/PC:241?source=stitcher-sunset",
"spotify": "https://open.spotify.com/show/3Cct7ZWmxHNAtLgBTqjC5v",
"rss": "https://snap.feed.snapjudgment.org/"
}
},
"soldout": {
"id": "soldout",
"title": "SOLD OUT: Rethinking Housing in America",
"tagline": "A new future for housing",
"info": "Sold Out: Rethinking Housing in America",
"imageSrc": "https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/04/Sold-Out-Podcast-Tile-703x703-1.jpg",
"imageAlt": "KQED Sold Out: Rethinking Housing in America",
"officialWebsiteLink": "/podcasts/soldout",
"meta": {
"site": "news",
"source": "kqed",
"order": 13
},
"link": "/podcasts/soldout",
"subscribe": {
"npr": "https://www.npr.org/podcasts/911586047/s-o-l-d-o-u-t-a-new-future-for-housing",
"apple": "https://podcasts.apple.com/us/podcast/introducing-sold-out-rethinking-housing-in-america/id1531354937",
"rss": "https://feeds.megaphone.fm/soldout",
"spotify": "https://open.spotify.com/show/38dTBSk2ISFoPiyYNoKn1X",
"stitcher": "https://www.stitcher.com/podcast/kqed/sold-out-rethinking-housing-in-america",
"tunein": "https://tunein.com/radio/SOLD-OUT-Rethinking-Housing-in-America-p1365871/"
}
},
"spooked": {
"id": "spooked",
"title": "Spooked",
"tagline": "True-life supernatural stories",
"info": "",
"imageSrc": "https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/10/Spooked-Podcast-Tile-703x703-1.jpg",
"imageAlt": "KQED Spooked",
"officialWebsiteLink": "https://spookedpodcast.org/",
"meta": {
"site": "news",
"source": "kqed",
"order": 7
},
"link": "https://spookedpodcast.org/",
"subscribe": {
"apple": "https://podcasts.apple.com/us/podcast/spooked/id1279361017",
"npr": "https://www.npr.org/podcasts/549547848/snap-judgment-presents-spooked",
"spotify": "https://open.spotify.com/show/76571Rfl3m7PLJQZKQIGCT",
"rss": "https://feeds.simplecast.com/TBotaapn"
}
},
"tech-nation": {
"id": "tech-nation",
"title": "Tech Nation Radio Podcast",
"info": "Tech Nation is a weekly public radio program, hosted by Dr. Moira Gunn. Founded in 1993, it has grown from a simple interview show to a multi-faceted production, featuring conversations with noted technology and science leaders, and a weekly science and technology-related commentary.",
"airtime": "FRI 10pm",
"imageSrc": "https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/04/Tech-Nation-Radio-Podcast-Tile-360x360-1.jpg",
"officialWebsiteLink": "http://technation.podomatic.com/",
"meta": {
"site": "science",
"source": "Tech Nation Media"
},
"link": "/radio/program/tech-nation",
"subscribe": {
"rss": "https://technation.podomatic.com/rss2.xml"
}
},
"ted-radio-hour": {
"id": "ted-radio-hour",
"title": "TED Radio Hour",
"info": "The TED Radio Hour is a journey through fascinating ideas, astonishing inventions, fresh approaches to old problems, and new ways to think and create.",
"airtime": "SUN 3pm-4pm, SAT 10pm-11pm",
"imageSrc": "https://ww2.kqed.org/radio/wp-content/uploads/sites/50/2018/04/tedRadioHour.jpg",
"officialWebsiteLink": "https://www.npr.org/programs/ted-radio-hour/?showDate=2018-06-22",
"meta": {
"site": "news",
"source": "npr"
},
"link": "/radio/program/ted-radio-hour",
"subscribe": {
"npr": "https://rpb3r.app.goo.gl/8vsS",
"apple": "https://itunes.apple.com/WebObjects/MZStore.woa/wa/viewPodcast?s=143441&mt=2&id=523121474&at=11l79Y&ct=nprdirectory",
"tuneIn": "https://tunein.com/radio/TED-Radio-Hour-p418021/",
"rss": "https://feeds.npr.org/510298/podcast.xml"
}
},
"thebay": {
"id": "thebay",
"title": "The Bay",
"tagline": "Local news to keep you rooted",
"info": "Host Devin Katayama walks you through the biggest story of the day with reporters and newsmakers.",
"imageSrc": "https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/04/The-Bay-Podcast-Tile-703x703-1.jpg",
"imageAlt": "KQED The Bay",
"officialWebsiteLink": "/podcasts/thebay",
"meta": {
"site": "radio",
"source": "kqed",
"order": 2
},
"link": "/podcasts/thebay",
"subscribe": {
"apple": "https://podcasts.apple.com/us/podcast/the-bay/id1350043452",
"amazon": "https://music.amazon.com/podcasts/d800ea4c-7a2c-42f2-b861-edaf78a5db0b/the-bay",
"npr": "https://www.npr.org/podcasts/586725995/the-bay",
"stitcher": "https://www.stitcher.com/podcast/kqed/the-bay",
"spotify": "https://open.spotify.com/show/4BIKBKIujizLHlIlBNaAqQ",
"rss": "https://feeds.megaphone.fm/KQINC8259786327"
}
},
"thelatest": {
"id": "thelatest",
"title": "The Latest",
"tagline": "Trusted local news in real time",
"info": "",
"imageSrc": "https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2025/05/The-Latest-2025-Podcast-Tile-703x703-1.jpg",
"imageAlt": "KQED The Latest",
"officialWebsiteLink": "/thelatest",
"meta": {
"site": "news",
"source": "kqed",
"order": 6
},
"link": "/thelatest",
"subscribe": {
"apple": "https://podcasts.apple.com/us/podcast/the-latest-from-kqed/id1197721799",
"npr": "https://www.npr.org/podcasts/1257949365/the-latest-from-k-q-e-d",
"spotify": "https://open.spotify.com/show/5KIIXMgM9GTi5AepwOYvIZ?si=bd3053fec7244dba",
"rss": "https://feeds.megaphone.fm/KQINC9137121918"
}
},
"theleap": {
"id": "theleap",
"title": "The Leap",
"tagline": "What if you closed your eyes, and jumped?",
"info": "Stories about people making dramatic, risky changes, told by award-winning public radio reporter Judy Campbell.",
"imageSrc": "https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/04/The-Leap-Podcast-Tile-703x703-1.jpg",
"imageAlt": "KQED The Leap",
"officialWebsiteLink": "/podcasts/theleap",
"meta": {
"site": "news",
"source": "kqed",
"order": 17
},
"link": "/podcasts/theleap",
"subscribe": {
"apple": "https://podcasts.apple.com/us/podcast/the-leap/id1046668171",
"npr": "https://www.npr.org/podcasts/447248267/the-leap",
"stitcher": "https://www.stitcher.com/podcast/kqed/the-leap",
"spotify": "https://open.spotify.com/show/3sSlVHHzU0ytLwuGs1SD1U",
"rss": "https://ww2.kqed.org/news/programs/the-leap/feed/podcast"
}
},
"the-moth-radio-hour": {
"id": "the-moth-radio-hour",
"title": "The Moth Radio Hour",
"info": "Since its launch in 1997, The Moth has presented thousands of true stories, told live and without notes, to standing-room-only crowds worldwide. Moth storytellers stand alone, under a spotlight, with only a microphone and a roomful of strangers. The storyteller and the audience embark on a high-wire act of shared experience which is both terrifying and exhilarating. Since 2008, The Moth podcast has featured many of our favorite stories told live on Moth stages around the country. For information on all of our programs and live events, visit themoth.org.",
"airtime": "SAT 8pm-9pm and SUN 11am-12pm",
"imageSrc": "https://ww2.kqed.org/radio/wp-content/uploads/sites/50/2018/04/theMoth.jpg",
"officialWebsiteLink": "https://themoth.org/",
"meta": {
"site": "arts",
"source": "prx"
},
"link": "/radio/program/the-moth-radio-hour",
"subscribe": {
"apple": "https://itunes.apple.com/us/podcast/the-moth-podcast/id275699983?mt=2",
"tuneIn": "https://tunein.com/radio/The-Moth-p273888/",
"rss": "http://feeds.themoth.org/themothpodcast"
}
},
"the-new-yorker-radio-hour": {
"id": "the-new-yorker-radio-hour",
"title": "The New Yorker Radio Hour",
"info": "The New Yorker Radio Hour is a weekly program presented by the magazine's editor, David Remnick, and produced by WNYC Studios and The New Yorker. Each episode features a diverse mix of interviews, profiles, storytelling, and an occasional burst of humor inspired by the magazine, and shaped by its writers, artists, and editors. This isn't a radio version of a magazine, but something all its own, reflecting the rich possibilities of audio storytelling and conversation. Theme music for the show was composed and performed by Merrill Garbus of tUnE-YArDs.",
"airtime": "SAT 10am-11am",
"imageSrc": "https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/04/The-New-Yorker-Podcast-Tile-360x360-1.jpg",
"officialWebsiteLink": "https://www.wnycstudios.org/shows/tnyradiohour",
"meta": {
"site": "arts",
"source": "WNYC"
},
"link": "/radio/program/the-new-yorker-radio-hour",
"subscribe": {
"apple": "https://itunes.apple.com/us/podcast/id1050430296",
"tuneIn": "https://tunein.com/podcasts/WNYC-Podcasts/New-Yorker-Radio-Hour-p803804/",
"rss": "https://feeds.feedburner.com/newyorkerradiohour"
}
},
"the-sam-sanders-show": {
"id": "the-sam-sanders-show",
"title": "The Sam Sanders Show",
"info": "One of public radio's most dynamic voices, Sam Sanders helped launch The NPR Politics Podcast and hosted NPR's hit show It's Been A Minute. Now, the award-winning host returns with something brand new, The Sam Sanders Show. Every week, Sam Sanders and friends dig into the culture that shapes our lives: what's driving the biggest trends, how artists really think, and even the memes you can't stop scrolling past. Sam is beloved for his way of unpacking the world and bringing you up close to fresh currents and engaging conversations. The Sam Sanders Show is smart, funny and always a good time.",
"airtime": "FRI 12-1pm AND SAT 11am-12pm",
"imageSrc": "https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2025/11/The-Sam-Sanders-Show-Podcast-Tile-400x400-1.jpg",
"officialWebsiteLink": "https://www.kcrw.com/shows/the-sam-sanders-show/latest",
"meta": {
"site": "arts",
"source": "KCRW"
},
"link": "https://www.kcrw.com/shows/the-sam-sanders-show/latest",
"subscribe": {
"rss": "https://feed.cdnstream1.com/zjb/feed/download/ac/28/59/ac28594c-e1d0-4231-8728-61865cdc80e8.xml"
}
},
"the-splendid-table": {
"id": "the-splendid-table",
"title": "The Splendid Table",
"info": "\u003cem>The Splendid Table\u003c/em> hosts our nation's conversations about cooking, sustainability and food culture.",
"imageSrc": "https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/04/The-Splendid-Table-Podcast-Tile-360x360-1.jpg",
"officialWebsiteLink": "https://www.splendidtable.org/",
"airtime": "SUN 10-11 pm",
"meta": {
"site": "radio",
"source": "npr"
},
"link": "/radio/program/the-splendid-table"
},
"this-american-life": {
"id": "this-american-life",
"title": "This American Life",
"info": "This American Life is a weekly public radio show, heard by 2.2 million people on more than 500 stations. Another 2.5 million people download the weekly podcast. It is hosted by Ira Glass, produced in collaboration with Chicago Public Media, delivered to stations by PRX The Public Radio Exchange, and has won all of the major broadcasting awards.",
"airtime": "SAT 12pm-1pm, 7pm-8pm",
"imageSrc": "https://ww2.kqed.org/radio/wp-content/uploads/sites/50/2018/04/thisAmericanLife.png",
"officialWebsiteLink": "https://www.thisamericanlife.org/",
"meta": {
"site": "news",
"source": "wbez"
},
"link": "/radio/program/this-american-life",
"subscribe": {
"apple": "https://itunes.apple.com/WebObjects/MZStore.woa/wa/viewPodcast?s=143441&mt=2&id=201671138&at=11l79Y&ct=nprdirectory",
"rss": "https://www.thisamericanlife.org/podcast/rss.xml"
}
},
"tinydeskradio": {
"id": "tinydeskradio",
"title": "Tiny Desk Radio",
"info": "We're bringing the best of Tiny Desk to the airwaves, only on public radio.",
"airtime": "SUN 8pm and SAT 9pm",
"imageSrc": "https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2025/04/300x300-For-Member-Station-Logo-Tiny-Desk-Radio-@2x.png",
"officialWebsiteLink": "https://www.npr.org/series/g-s1-52030/tiny-desk-radio",
"meta": {
"site": "news",
"source": "npr"
},
"link": "/radio/program/tinydeskradio",
"subscribe": {
"rss": "https://feeds.npr.org/g-s1-52030/rss.xml"
}
},
"wait-wait-dont-tell-me": {
"id": "wait-wait-dont-tell-me",
"title": "Wait Wait... Don't Tell Me!",
"info": "Peter Sagal and Bill Kurtis host the weekly NPR News quiz show alongside some of the best and brightest news and entertainment personalities.",
"airtime": "SUN 10am-11am, SAT 11am-12pm, SAT 6pm-7pm",
"imageSrc": "https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/04/Wait-Wait-Podcast-Tile-300x300-1.jpg",
"officialWebsiteLink": "https://www.npr.org/programs/wait-wait-dont-tell-me/",
"meta": {
"site": "news",
"source": "npr"
},
"link": "/radio/program/wait-wait-dont-tell-me",
"subscribe": {
"npr": "https://rpb3r.app.goo.gl/Xogv",
"apple": "https://itunes.apple.com/WebObjects/MZStore.woa/wa/viewPodcast?s=143441&mt=2&id=121493804&at=11l79Y&ct=nprdirectory",
"tuneIn": "https://tunein.com/radio/Wait-Wait-Dont-Tell-Me-p46/",
"rss": "https://feeds.npr.org/344098539/podcast.xml"
}
},
"weekend-edition-saturday": {
"id": "weekend-edition-saturday",
"title": "Weekend Edition Saturday",
"info": "Weekend Edition Saturday wraps up the week's news and offers a mix of analysis and features on a wide range of topics, including arts, sports, entertainment, and human interest stories. The two-hour program is hosted by NPR's Peabody Award-winning Scott Simon.",
"airtime": "SAT 5am-10am",
"imageSrc": "https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/04/Weekend-Edition-Podcast-Tile-360x360-1.jpg",
"officialWebsiteLink": "https://www.npr.org/programs/weekend-edition-saturday/",
"meta": {
"site": "news",
"source": "npr"
},
"link": "/radio/program/weekend-edition-saturday"
},
"weekend-edition-sunday": {
"id": "weekend-edition-sunday",
"title": "Weekend Edition Sunday",
"info": "Weekend Edition Sunday features interviews with newsmakers, artists, scientists, politicians, musicians, writers, theologians and historians. The program has covered news events from Nelson Mandela's 1990 release from a South African prison to the capture of Saddam Hussein.",
"airtime": "SUN 5am-10am",
"imageSrc": "https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/04/Weekend-Edition-Podcast-Tile-360x360-1.jpg",
"officialWebsiteLink": "https://www.npr.org/programs/weekend-edition-sunday/",
"meta": {
"site": "news",
"source": "npr"
},
"link": "/radio/program/weekend-edition-sunday"
}
},
"racesReducer": {},
"racesGenElectionReducer": {},
"racesGenElection2026Reducer": {},
"racesGenElection2026PresidentialReducer": {},
"radioSchedulesReducer": {},
"listsReducer": {
"posts/quest?category=biology": {
"isFetching": false,
"latestQuery": {
"from": 468,
"size": 12
},
"vitalsOnly": false,
"totalRequested": 12,
"isLoading": false,
"isLoadingMore": true,
"total": {
"value": 955,
"relation": "eq"
},
"items": [
"quest_10528",
"quest_10753",
"quest_10656",
"quest_10577",
"quest_17548",
"quest_10412",
"quest_10441",
"quest_10188",
"quest_10099",
"quest_10114",
"quest_17547",
"quest_9922"
],
"complete": true
}
},
"recallGuideReducer": {
"intros": {},
"policy": {},
"candidates": {}
},
"savedArticleReducer": {
"articles": [],
"status": {}
},
"newslettersReducer": {
"isFetching": false,
"fetchFailed": false,
"hasFetched": false,
"newsletters": {},
"isSubscribing": false,
"isUnsubscribing": false,
"subscribedNewsletters": {}
},
"termsReducer": {
"about": {
"name": "About",
"type": "terms",
"id": "about",
"slug": "about",
"link": "/about",
"taxonomy": "site"
},
"arts": {
"name": "Arts & Culture",
"grouping": [
"arts",
"pop",
"trulyca"
],
"description": "KQED Arts provides daily in-depth coverage of the Bay Area's music, art, film, performing arts, literature and arts news, as well as cultural commentary and criticism.",
"type": "terms",
"id": "arts",
"slug": "arts",
"link": "/arts",
"taxonomy": "site"
},
"artschool": {
"name": "Art School",
"parent": "arts",
"type": "terms",
"id": "artschool",
"slug": "artschool",
"link": "/artschool",
"taxonomy": "site"
},
"bayareabites": {
"name": "KQED food",
"grouping": [
"food",
"bayareabites",
"checkplease"
],
"parent": "food",
"type": "terms",
"id": "bayareabites",
"slug": "bayareabites",
"link": "/food",
"taxonomy": "site"
},
"bayareahiphop": {
"name": "Bay Area Hiphop",
"type": "terms",
"id": "bayareahiphop",
"slug": "bayareahiphop",
"link": "/bayareahiphop",
"taxonomy": "site"
},
"campaign21": {
"name": "Campaign 21",
"type": "terms",
"id": "campaign21",
"slug": "campaign21",
"link": "/campaign21",
"taxonomy": "site"
},
"careers": {
"name": "Careers",
"type": "terms",
"id": "careers",
"slug": "careers",
"link": "/careers",
"taxonomy": "site"
},
"checkplease": {
"name": "KQED food",
"grouping": [
"food",
"bayareabites",
"checkplease"
],
"parent": "food",
"type": "terms",
"id": "checkplease",
"slug": "checkplease",
"link": "/food",
"taxonomy": "site"
},
"education": {
"name": "Education",
"grouping": [
"education"
],
"type": "terms",
"id": "education",
"slug": "education",
"link": "/education",
"taxonomy": "site"
},
"elections": {
"name": "Elections",
"type": "terms",
"id": "elections",
"slug": "elections",
"link": "/elections",
"taxonomy": "site"
},
"events": {
"name": "Events",
"type": "terms",
"id": "events",
"slug": "events",
"link": "/events",
"taxonomy": "site"
},
"event": {
"name": "Event",
"alias": "events",
"type": "terms",
"id": "event",
"slug": "event",
"link": "/event",
"taxonomy": "site"
},
"filmschoolshorts": {
"name": "Film School Shorts",
"type": "terms",
"id": "filmschoolshorts",
"slug": "filmschoolshorts",
"link": "/filmschoolshorts",
"taxonomy": "site"
},
"food": {
"name": "KQED food",
"grouping": [
"food",
"bayareabites",
"checkplease"
],
"type": "terms",
"id": "food",
"slug": "food",
"link": "/food",
"taxonomy": "site"
},
"forum": {
"name": "Forum",
"relatedContentQuery": "posts/forum?",
"parent": "news",
"type": "terms",
"id": "forum",
"slug": "forum",
"link": "/forum",
"taxonomy": "site"
},
"futureofyou": {
"name": "Future of You",
"grouping": [
"science",
"futureofyou"
],
"parent": "science",
"type": "terms",
"id": "futureofyou",
"slug": "futureofyou",
"link": "/futureofyou",
"taxonomy": "site"
},
"jpepinheart": {
"name": "KQED food",
"relatedContentQuery": "posts/food,bayareabites,checkplease",
"parent": "food",
"type": "terms",
"id": "jpepinheart",
"slug": "jpepinheart",
"link": "/food",
"taxonomy": "site"
},
"liveblog": {
"name": "Live Blog",
"type": "terms",
"id": "liveblog",
"slug": "liveblog",
"link": "/liveblog",
"taxonomy": "site"
},
"livetv": {
"name": "Live TV",
"parent": "tv",
"type": "terms",
"id": "livetv",
"slug": "livetv",
"link": "/livetv",
"taxonomy": "site"
},
"lowdown": {
"name": "The Lowdown",
"relatedContentQuery": "posts/lowdown?",
"parent": "news",
"type": "terms",
"id": "lowdown",
"slug": "lowdown",
"link": "/lowdown",
"taxonomy": "site"
},
"mindshift": {
"name": "Mindshift",
"parent": "news",
"description": "MindShift explores the future of education by highlighting the innovative – and sometimes counterintuitive – ways educators and parents are helping all children succeed.",
"type": "terms",
"id": "mindshift",
"slug": "mindshift",
"link": "/mindshift",
"taxonomy": "site"
},
"news": {
"name": "News",
"grouping": [
"news",
"forum"
],
"type": "terms",
"id": "news",
"slug": "news",
"link": "/news",
"taxonomy": "site"
},
"newsletters": {
"name": "newsletters",
"type": "terms",
"id": "newsletters",
"slug": "newsletters",
"link": "/newsletters",
"taxonomy": "site"
},
"perspectives": {
"name": "Perspectives",
"parent": "radio",
"type": "terms",
"id": "perspectives",
"slug": "perspectives",
"link": "/perspectives",
"taxonomy": "site"
},
"podcasts": {
"name": "Podcasts",
"type": "terms",
"id": "podcasts",
"slug": "podcasts",
"link": "/podcasts",
"taxonomy": "site"
},
"pop": {
"name": "Pop",
"parent": "arts",
"type": "terms",
"id": "pop",
"slug": "pop",
"link": "/pop",
"taxonomy": "site"
},
"pressroom": {
"name": "Pressroom",
"type": "terms",
"id": "pressroom",
"slug": "pressroom",
"link": "/pressroom",
"taxonomy": "site"
},
"quest": {
"name": "Quest",
"parent": "science",
"type": "terms",
"id": "quest",
"slug": "quest",
"link": "/quest",
"taxonomy": "site"
},
"radio": {
"name": "Radio",
"grouping": [
"forum",
"perspectives"
],
"description": "Listen to KQED Public Radio – home of Forum and The California Report – on 88.5 FM in San Francisco, 89.3 FM in Sacramento, 88.3 FM in Santa Rosa and 88.1 FM in Martinez.",
"type": "terms",
"id": "radio",
"slug": "radio",
"link": "/radio",
"taxonomy": "site"
},
"root": {
"name": "KQED",
"image": "https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/2020/02/KQED-OG-Image@1x.png",
"imageWidth": 1200,
"imageHeight": 630,
"headData": {
"title": "KQED | News, Radio, Podcasts, TV | Public Media for Northern California",
"description": "KQED provides public radio, television, and independent reporting on issues that matter to the Bay Area. We’re the NPR and PBS member station for Northern California."
},
"type": "terms",
"id": "root",
"slug": "root",
"link": "/root",
"taxonomy": "site"
},
"science": {
"name": "Science",
"grouping": [
"science",
"futureofyou"
],
"description": "KQED Science brings you award-winning science and environment coverage from the Bay Area and beyond.",
"type": "terms",
"id": "science",
"slug": "science",
"link": "/science",
"taxonomy": "site"
},
"stateofhealth": {
"name": "State of Health",
"parent": "science",
"type": "terms",
"id": "stateofhealth",
"slug": "stateofhealth",
"link": "/stateofhealth",
"taxonomy": "site"
},
"support": {
"name": "Support",
"type": "terms",
"id": "support",
"slug": "support",
"link": "/support",
"taxonomy": "site"
},
"thedolist": {
"name": "The Do List",
"parent": "arts",
"type": "terms",
"id": "thedolist",
"slug": "thedolist",
"link": "/thedolist",
"taxonomy": "site"
},
"trulyca": {
"name": "Truly CA",
"grouping": [
"arts",
"pop",
"trulyca"
],
"parent": "arts",
"type": "terms",
"id": "trulyca",
"slug": "trulyca",
"link": "/trulyca",
"taxonomy": "site"
},
"tv": {
"name": "TV",
"type": "terms",
"id": "tv",
"slug": "tv",
"link": "/tv",
"taxonomy": "site"
},
"voterguide": {
"name": "Voter Guide",
"parent": "elections",
"alias": "elections",
"type": "terms",
"id": "voterguide",
"slug": "voterguide",
"link": "/voterguide",
"taxonomy": "site"
},
"guiaelectoral": {
"name": "Guia Electoral",
"parent": "elections",
"alias": "elections",
"type": "terms",
"id": "guiaelectoral",
"slug": "guiaelectoral",
"link": "/guiaelectoral",
"taxonomy": "site"
},
"quest_category_biology": {
"isLoading": true
},
"quest_4": {
"type": "terms",
"id": "quest_4",
"meta": {
"index": "terms_1716263798",
"site": "quest",
"id": "4",
"found": true
},
"relationships": {},
"featImg": null,
"name": "Biology",
"description": null,
"taxonomy": "category",
"headData": {
"twImgId": null,
"twTitle": null,
"ogTitle": null,
"ogImgId": null,
"twDescription": null,
"description": null,
"title": "Biology Archives | KQED Arts",
"ogDescription": null
},
"ttid": 4,
"slug": "biology",
"isLoading": false,
"link": "/quest/category/biology"
},
"source_quest_10099": {
"type": "terms",
"id": "source_quest_10099",
"meta": {
"override": true
},
"name": "Biology",
"link": "https://ww2.kqed.org/quest/category/biology/",
"isLoading": false
},
"quest_106": {
"type": "terms",
"id": "quest_106",
"meta": {
"index": "terms_1716263798",
"site": "quest",
"id": "106",
"found": true
},
"relationships": {},
"featImg": null,
"name": "albino redwood",
"description": null,
"taxonomy": "tag",
"headData": {
"twImgId": null,
"twTitle": null,
"ogTitle": null,
"ogImgId": null,
"twDescription": null,
"description": null,
"title": "albino redwood Archives | KQED Arts",
"ogDescription": null
},
"ttid": 107,
"slug": "albino-redwood",
"isLoading": false,
"link": "/quest/tag/albino-redwood"
},
"quest_627": {
"type": "terms",
"id": "quest_627",
"meta": {
"index": "terms_1716263798",
"site": "quest",
"id": "627",
"found": true
},
"relationships": {},
"featImg": null,
"name": "clone",
"description": null,
"taxonomy": "tag",
"headData": {
"twImgId": null,
"twTitle": null,
"ogTitle": null,
"ogImgId": null,
"twDescription": null,
"description": null,
"title": "clone Archives | KQED Arts",
"ogDescription": null
},
"ttid": 632,
"slug": "clone",
"isLoading": false,
"link": "/quest/tag/clone"
},
"quest_629": {
"type": "terms",
"id": "quest_629",
"meta": {
"index": "terms_1716263798",
"site": "quest",
"id": "629",
"found": true
},
"relationships": {},
"featImg": null,
"name": "cloning",
"description": null,
"taxonomy": "tag",
"headData": {
"twImgId": null,
"twTitle": null,
"ogTitle": null,
"ogImgId": null,
"twDescription": null,
"description": null,
"title": "cloning Archives | KQED Arts",
"ogDescription": null
},
"ttid": 634,
"slug": "cloning",
"isLoading": false,
"link": "/quest/tag/cloning"
},
"quest_1193": {
"type": "terms",
"id": "quest_1193",
"meta": {
"index": "terms_1716263798",
"site": "quest",
"id": "1193",
"found": true
},
"relationships": {},
"featImg": null,
"name": "genetic",
"description": null,
"taxonomy": "tag",
"headData": {
"twImgId": null,
"twTitle": null,
"ogTitle": null,
"ogImgId": null,
"twDescription": null,
"description": null,
"title": "genetic Archives | KQED Arts",
"ogDescription": null
},
"ttid": 1202,
"slug": "genetic",
"isLoading": false,
"link": "/quest/tag/genetic"
},
"quest_1442": {
"type": "terms",
"id": "quest_1442",
"meta": {
"index": "terms_1716263798",
"site": "quest",
"id": "1442",
"found": true
},
"relationships": {},
"featImg": null,
"name": "identical twins",
"description": null,
"taxonomy": "tag",
"headData": {
"twImgId": null,
"twTitle": null,
"ogTitle": null,
"ogImgId": null,
"twDescription": null,
"description": null,
"title": "identical twins Archives | KQED Arts",
"ogDescription": null
},
"ttid": 1453,
"slug": "identical-twins",
"isLoading": false,
"link": "/quest/tag/identical-twins"
},
"quest_1806": {
"type": "terms",
"id": "quest_1806",
"meta": {
"index": "terms_1716263798",
"site": "quest",
"id": "1806",
"found": true
},
"relationships": {},
"featImg": null,
"name": "methylation",
"description": null,
"taxonomy": "tag",
"headData": {
"twImgId": null,
"twTitle": null,
"ogTitle": null,
"ogImgId": null,
"twDescription": null,
"description": null,
"title": "methylation Archives | KQED Arts",
"ogDescription": null
},
"ttid": 1818,
"slug": "methylation",
"isLoading": false,
"link": "/quest/tag/methylation"
},
"quest_1900": {
"type": "terms",
"id": "quest_1900",
"meta": {
"index": "terms_1716263798",
"site": "quest",
"id": "1900",
"found": true
},
"relationships": {},
"featImg": null,
"name": "mutation",
"description": null,
"taxonomy": "tag",
"headData": {
"twImgId": null,
"twTitle": null,
"ogTitle": null,
"ogImgId": null,
"twDescription": null,
"description": null,
"title": "mutation Archives | KQED Arts",
"ogDescription": null
},
"ttid": 1912,
"slug": "mutation",
"isLoading": false,
"link": "/quest/tag/mutation"
},
"quest_2395": {
"type": "terms",
"id": "quest_2395",
"meta": {
"index": "terms_1716263798",
"site": "quest",
"id": "2395",
"found": true
},
"relationships": {},
"featImg": null,
"name": "redwood",
"description": null,
"taxonomy": "tag",
"headData": {
"twImgId": null,
"twTitle": null,
"ogTitle": null,
"ogImgId": null,
"twDescription": null,
"description": null,
"title": "redwood Archives | KQED Arts",
"ogDescription": null
},
"ttid": 2411,
"slug": "redwood",
"isLoading": false,
"link": "/quest/tag/redwood"
},
"quest_9": {
"type": "terms",
"id": "quest_9",
"meta": {
"index": "terms_1716263798",
"site": "quest",
"id": "9",
"found": true
},
"relationships": {},
"featImg": null,
"name": "Environment",
"description": null,
"taxonomy": "category",
"headData": {
"twImgId": null,
"twTitle": null,
"ogTitle": null,
"ogImgId": null,
"twDescription": null,
"description": null,
"title": "Environment Archives | KQED Arts",
"ogDescription": null
},
"ttid": 10,
"slug": "environment",
"isLoading": false,
"link": "/quest/category/environment"
},
"quest_2912": {
"type": "terms",
"id": "quest_2912",
"meta": {
"index": "terms_1716263798",
"site": "quest",
"id": "2912",
"found": true
},
"relationships": {},
"featImg": null,
"name": "Thanksgiving",
"description": null,
"taxonomy": "tag",
"headData": {
"twImgId": null,
"twTitle": null,
"ogTitle": null,
"ogImgId": null,
"twDescription": null,
"description": null,
"title": "Thanksgiving Archives | KQED Arts",
"ogDescription": null
},
"ttid": 2928,
"slug": "thanksgiving",
"isLoading": false,
"link": "/quest/tag/thanksgiving"
},
"quest_3007": {
"type": "terms",
"id": "quest_3007",
"meta": {
"index": "terms_1716263798",
"site": "quest",
"id": "3007",
"found": true
},
"relationships": {},
"featImg": null,
"name": "turkey",
"description": null,
"taxonomy": "tag",
"headData": {
"twImgId": null,
"twTitle": null,
"ogTitle": null,
"ogImgId": null,
"twDescription": null,
"description": null,
"title": "turkey Archives | KQED Arts",
"ogDescription": null
},
"ttid": 3023,
"slug": "turkey",
"isLoading": false,
"link": "/quest/tag/turkey"
},
"quest_3151": {
"type": "terms",
"id": "quest_3151",
"meta": {
"index": "terms_1716263798",
"site": "quest",
"id": "3151",
"found": true
},
"relationships": {},
"featImg": null,
"name": "wild turkey",
"description": null,
"taxonomy": "tag",
"headData": {
"twImgId": null,
"twTitle": null,
"ogTitle": null,
"ogImgId": null,
"twDescription": null,
"description": null,
"title": "wild turkey Archives | KQED Arts",
"ogDescription": null
},
"ttid": 3169,
"slug": "wild-turkey",
"isLoading": false,
"link": "/quest/tag/wild-turkey"
},
"quest_3": {
"type": "terms",
"id": "quest_3",
"meta": {
"index": "terms_1716263798",
"site": "quest",
"id": "3",
"found": true
},
"relationships": {},
"featImg": null,
"name": "Astronomy",
"description": null,
"taxonomy": "category",
"headData": {
"twImgId": null,
"twTitle": null,
"ogTitle": null,
"ogImgId": null,
"twDescription": null,
"description": null,
"title": "Astronomy Archives | KQED Arts",
"ogDescription": null
},
"ttid": 3,
"slug": "astronomy",
"isLoading": false,
"link": "/quest/category/astronomy"
},
"quest_8": {
"type": "terms",
"id": "quest_8",
"meta": {
"index": "terms_1716263798",
"site": "quest",
"id": "8",
"found": true
},
"relationships": {},
"featImg": null,
"name": "Engineering",
"description": null,
"taxonomy": "category",
"headData": {
"twImgId": null,
"twTitle": null,
"ogTitle": null,
"ogImgId": null,
"twDescription": null,
"description": null,
"title": "Engineering Archives | KQED Arts",
"ogDescription": null
},
"ttid": 9,
"slug": "engineering",
"isLoading": false,
"link": "/quest/category/engineering"
},
"quest_358": {
"type": "terms",
"id": "quest_358",
"meta": {
"index": "terms_1716263798",
"site": "quest",
"id": "358",
"found": true
},
"relationships": {},
"featImg": null,
"name": "Bob Twiggs",
"description": null,
"taxonomy": "tag",
"headData": {
"twImgId": null,
"twTitle": null,
"ogTitle": null,
"ogImgId": null,
"twDescription": null,
"description": null,
"title": "Bob Twiggs Archives | KQED Arts",
"ogDescription": null
},
"ttid": 361,
"slug": "bob-twiggs",
"isLoading": false,
"link": "/quest/tag/bob-twiggs"
},
"quest_391": {
"type": "terms",
"id": "quest_391",
"meta": {
"index": "terms_1716263798",
"site": "quest",
"id": "391",
"found": true
},
"relationships": {},
"featImg": null,
"name": "Bruce Yost",
"description": null,
"taxonomy": "tag",
"headData": {
"twImgId": null,
"twTitle": null,
"ogTitle": null,
"ogImgId": null,
"twDescription": null,
"description": null,
"title": "Bruce Yost Archives | KQED Arts",
"ogDescription": null
},
"ttid": 394,
"slug": "bruce-yost",
"isLoading": false,
"link": "/quest/tag/bruce-yost"
},
"quest_13199": {
"type": "terms",
"id": "quest_13199",
"meta": {
"index": "terms_1716263798",
"site": "quest",
"id": "13199",
"found": true
},
"relationships": {},
"featImg": null,
"name": "Events",
"description": null,
"taxonomy": "tag",
"headData": {
"twImgId": null,
"twTitle": null,
"ogTitle": null,
"ogImgId": null,
"twDescription": null,
"description": null,
"title": "Events Archives | KQED Arts",
"ogDescription": null
},
"ttid": 1038,
"slug": "events",
"isLoading": false,
"link": "/quest/tag/events"
},
"quest_1910": {
"type": "terms",
"id": "quest_1910",
"meta": {
"index": "terms_1716263798",
"site": "quest",
"id": "1910",
"found": true
},
"relationships": {},
"featImg": null,
"name": "nanosatellite",
"description": null,
"taxonomy": "tag",
"headData": {
"twImgId": null,
"twTitle": null,
"ogTitle": null,
"ogImgId": null,
"twDescription": null,
"description": null,
"title": "nanosatellite Archives | KQED Arts",
"ogDescription": null
},
"ttid": 1922,
"slug": "nanosatellite",
"isLoading": false,
"link": "/quest/tag/nanosatellite"
},
"quest_1918": {
"type": "terms",
"id": "quest_1918",
"meta": {
"index": "terms_1716263798",
"site": "quest",
"id": "1918",
"found": true
},
"relationships": {},
"featImg": null,
"name": "nasa",
"description": null,
"taxonomy": "tag",
"headData": {
"twImgId": null,
"twTitle": null,
"ogTitle": null,
"ogImgId": null,
"twDescription": null,
"description": null,
"title": "nasa Archives | KQED Arts",
"ogDescription": null
},
"ttid": 1930,
"slug": "nasa",
"isLoading": false,
"link": "/quest/tag/nasa"
},
"quest_1920": {
"type": "terms",
"id": "quest_1920",
"meta": {
"index": "terms_1716263798",
"site": "quest",
"id": "1920",
"found": true
},
"relationships": {},
"featImg": null,
"name": "NASA Ames Research Center",
"description": null,
"taxonomy": "tag",
"headData": {
"twImgId": null,
"twTitle": null,
"ogTitle": null,
"ogImgId": null,
"twDescription": null,
"description": null,
"title": "NASA Ames Research Center Archives | KQED Arts",
"ogDescription": null
},
"ttid": 1932,
"slug": "nasa-ames-research-center",
"isLoading": false,
"link": "/quest/tag/nasa-ames-research-center"
},
"quest_13203": {
"type": "terms",
"id": "quest_13203",
"meta": {
"index": "terms_1716263798",
"site": "quest",
"id": "13203",
"found": true
},
"relationships": {},
"featImg": null,
"name": "News",
"description": null,
"taxonomy": "tag",
"headData": {
"twImgId": null,
"twTitle": null,
"ogTitle": null,
"ogImgId": null,
"twDescription": null,
"description": null,
"title": "News Archives | KQED Arts",
"ogDescription": null
},
"ttid": 2001,
"slug": "news",
"isLoading": false,
"link": "/quest/tag/news"
},
"quest_2023": {
"type": "terms",
"id": "quest_2023",
"meta": {
"index": "terms_1716263798",
"site": "quest",
"id": "2023",
"found": true
},
"relationships": {},
"featImg": null,
"name": "O/OREOS",
"description": null,
"taxonomy": "tag",
"headData": {
"twImgId": null,
"twTitle": null,
"ogTitle": null,
"ogImgId": null,
"twDescription": null,
"description": null,
"title": "O/OREOS Archives | KQED Arts",
"ogDescription": null
},
"ttid": 2036,
"slug": "ooreos",
"isLoading": false,
"link": "/quest/tag/ooreos"
},
"quest_2505": {
"type": "terms",
"id": "quest_2505",
"meta": {
"index": "terms_1716263798",
"site": "quest",
"id": "2505",
"found": true
},
"relationships": {},
"featImg": null,
"name": "Santa Clara University",
"description": null,
"taxonomy": "tag",
"headData": {
"twImgId": null,
"twTitle": null,
"ogTitle": null,
"ogImgId": null,
"twDescription": null,
"description": null,
"title": "Santa Clara University Archives | KQED Arts",
"ogDescription": null
},
"ttid": 2521,
"slug": "santa-clara-university",
"isLoading": false,
"link": "/quest/tag/santa-clara-university"
},
"quest_2774": {
"type": "terms",
"id": "quest_2774",
"meta": {
"index": "terms_1716263798",
"site": "quest",
"id": "2774",
"found": true
},
"relationships": {},
"featImg": null,
"name": "Stanford University",
"description": null,
"taxonomy": "tag",
"headData": {
"twImgId": null,
"twTitle": null,
"ogTitle": null,
"ogImgId": null,
"twDescription": null,
"description": null,
"title": "Stanford University Archives | KQED Arts",
"ogDescription": null
},
"ttid": 2790,
"slug": "stanford-university",
"isLoading": false,
"link": "/quest/tag/stanford-university"
},
"quest_2957": {
"type": "terms",
"id": "quest_2957",
"meta": {
"index": "terms_1716263798",
"site": "quest",
"id": "2957",
"found": true
},
"relationships": {},
"featImg": null,
"name": "Tony Ricco",
"description": null,
"taxonomy": "tag",
"headData": {
"twImgId": null,
"twTitle": null,
"ogTitle": null,
"ogImgId": null,
"twDescription": null,
"description": null,
"title": "Tony Ricco Archives | KQED Arts",
"ogDescription": null
},
"ttid": 2973,
"slug": "tony-ricco",
"isLoading": false,
"link": "/quest/tag/tony-ricco"
},
"quest_417": {
"type": "terms",
"id": "quest_417",
"meta": {
"index": "terms_1716263798",
"site": "quest",
"id": "417",
"found": true
},
"relationships": {},
"featImg": null,
"name": "butterflies",
"description": null,
"taxonomy": "tag",
"headData": {
"twImgId": null,
"twTitle": null,
"ogTitle": null,
"ogImgId": null,
"twDescription": null,
"description": null,
"title": "butterflies Archives | KQED Arts",
"ogDescription": null
},
"ttid": 420,
"slug": "butterflies",
"isLoading": false,
"link": "/quest/tag/butterflies"
},
"quest_418": {
"type": "terms",
"id": "quest_418",
"meta": {
"index": "terms_1716263798",
"site": "quest",
"id": "418",
"found": true
},
"relationships": {},
"featImg": null,
"name": "butterfly",
"description": null,
"taxonomy": "tag",
"headData": {
"twImgId": null,
"twTitle": null,
"ogTitle": null,
"ogImgId": null,
"twDescription": null,
"description": null,
"title": "butterfly Archives | KQED Arts",
"ogDescription": null
},
"ttid": 421,
"slug": "butterfly",
"isLoading": false,
"link": "/quest/tag/butterfly"
},
"quest_426": {
"type": "terms",
"id": "quest_426",
"meta": {
"index": "terms_1716263798",
"site": "quest",
"id": "426",
"found": true
},
"relationships": {},
"featImg": null,
"name": "cal academy",
"description": null,
"taxonomy": "tag",
"headData": {
"twImgId": null,
"twTitle": null,
"ogTitle": null,
"ogImgId": null,
"twDescription": null,
"description": null,
"title": "cal academy Archives | KQED Arts",
"ogDescription": null
},
"ttid": 429,
"slug": "cal-academy",
"isLoading": false,
"link": "/quest/tag/cal-academy"
},
"quest_439": {
"type": "terms",
"id": "quest_439",
"meta": {
"index": "terms_1716263798",
"site": "quest",
"id": "439",
"found": true
},
"relationships": {},
"featImg": null,
"name": "california academy of sciences",
"description": null,
"taxonomy": "tag",
"headData": {
"twImgId": null,
"twTitle": null,
"ogTitle": null,
"ogImgId": null,
"twDescription": null,
"description": null,
"title": "california academy of sciences Archives | KQED Arts",
"ogDescription": null
},
"ttid": 442,
"slug": "california-academy-of-sciences",
"isLoading": false,
"link": "/quest/tag/california-academy-of-sciences"
},
"quest_855": {
"type": "terms",
"id": "quest_855",
"meta": {
"index": "terms_1716263798",
"site": "quest",
"id": "855",
"found": true
},
"relationships": {},
"featImg": null,
"name": "dogface butterfly",
"description": null,
"taxonomy": "tag",
"headData": {
"twImgId": null,
"twTitle": null,
"ogTitle": null,
"ogImgId": null,
"twDescription": null,
"description": null,
"title": "dogface butterfly Archives | KQED Arts",
"ogDescription": null
},
"ttid": 860,
"slug": "dogface-butterfly",
"isLoading": false,
"link": "/quest/tag/dogface-butterfly"
},
"quest_3351": {
"type": "terms",
"id": "quest_3351",
"meta": {
"index": "terms_1716263798",
"site": "quest",
"id": "3351",
"found": true
},
"relationships": {},
"featImg": null,
"name": "kqed",
"description": null,
"taxonomy": "tag",
"headData": {
"twImgId": null,
"twTitle": null,
"ogTitle": null,
"ogImgId": null,
"twDescription": null,
"description": null,
"title": "kqed Archives | KQED Arts",
"ogDescription": null
},
"ttid": 3376,
"slug": "kqed",
"isLoading": false,
"link": "/quest/tag/kqed"
},
"quest_2141": {
"type": "terms",
"id": "quest_2141",
"meta": {
"index": "terms_1716263798",
"site": "quest",
"id": "2141",
"found": true
},
"relationships": {},
"featImg": null,
"name": "pbs",
"description": null,
"taxonomy": "tag",
"headData": {
"twImgId": null,
"twTitle": null,
"ogTitle": null,
"ogImgId": null,
"twDescription": null,
"description": null,
"title": "pbs Archives | KQED Arts",
"ogDescription": null
},
"ttid": 2155,
"slug": "pbs",
"isLoading": false,
"link": "/quest/tag/pbs"
},
"quest_2349": {
"type": "terms",
"id": "quest_2349",
"meta": {
"index": "terms_1716263798",
"site": "quest",
"id": "2349",
"found": true
},
"relationships": {},
"featImg": null,
"name": "QUEST",
"description": null,
"taxonomy": "tag",
"headData": {
"twImgId": null,
"twTitle": null,
"ogTitle": null,
"ogImgId": null,
"twDescription": null,
"description": null,
"title": "QUEST Archives | KQED Arts",
"ogDescription": null
},
"ttid": 2364,
"slug": "quest",
"isLoading": false,
"link": "/quest/tag/quest"
},
"quest_3296": {
"type": "terms",
"id": "quest_3296",
"meta": {
"index": "terms_1716263798",
"site": "quest",
"id": "3296",
"found": true
},
"relationships": {},
"featImg": null,
"name": "Science on the SPOT",
"description": "The Science on the SPOT original web video series from KQED's QUEST goes behind the scenes at local Bay Area labs, follows breaking discoveries, and gets you special access to obscure science locations and collections, plus much more.",
"taxonomy": "series",
"headData": {
"twImgId": null,
"twTitle": null,
"ogTitle": null,
"ogImgId": null,
"twDescription": null,
"description": "The Science on the SPOT original web video series from KQED's QUEST goes behind the scenes at local Bay Area labs, follows breaking discoveries, and gets you special access to obscure science locations and collections, plus much more.",
"title": "Science on the SPOT Archives | KQED Arts",
"ogDescription": null
},
"ttid": 3318,
"slug": "sots",
"isLoading": false,
"link": "/quest/series/sots"
},
"quest_10157": {
"type": "terms",
"id": "quest_10157",
"meta": {
"index": "terms_1716263798",
"site": "quest",
"id": "10157",
"found": true
},
"relationships": {},
"featImg": null,
"name": "Norman Penny",
"description": null,
"taxonomy": "tag",
"headData": {
"twImgId": null,
"twTitle": null,
"ogTitle": null,
"ogImgId": null,
"twDescription": null,
"description": null,
"title": "Norman Penny Archives | KQED Arts",
"ogDescription": null
},
"ttid": 10190,
"slug": "norman-penny",
"isLoading": false,
"link": "/quest/tag/norman-penny"
},
"quest_13": {
"type": "terms",
"id": "quest_13",
"meta": {
"index": "terms_1716263798",
"site": "quest",
"id": "13",
"found": true
},
"relationships": {},
"featImg": null,
"name": "QUEST Northern California",
"description": null,
"taxonomy": "tag",
"headData": {
"twImgId": null,
"twTitle": null,
"ogTitle": null,
"ogImgId": null,
"twDescription": null,
"description": null,
"title": "QUEST Northern California Archives | KQED Arts",
"ogDescription": null
},
"ttid": 1594,
"slug": "northern-california",
"isLoading": false,
"link": "/quest/tag/northern-california"
},
"quest_3229": {
"type": "terms",
"id": "quest_3229",
"meta": {
"index": "terms_1716263798",
"site": "quest",
"id": "3229",
"found": true
},
"relationships": {},
"featImg": null,
"name": "Food",
"description": null,
"taxonomy": "category",
"headData": {
"twImgId": null,
"twTitle": null,
"ogTitle": null,
"ogImgId": null,
"twDescription": null,
"description": null,
"title": "Food Archives | KQED Arts",
"ogDescription": null
},
"ttid": 3248,
"slug": "food",
"isLoading": false,
"link": "/quest/category/food"
},
"quest_446": {
"type": "terms",
"id": "quest_446",
"meta": {
"index": "terms_1716263798",
"site": "quest",
"id": "446",
"found": true
},
"relationships": {},
"featImg": null,
"name": "California Fish and Game",
"description": null,
"taxonomy": "tag",
"headData": {
"twImgId": null,
"twTitle": null,
"ogTitle": null,
"ogImgId": null,
"twDescription": null,
"description": null,
"title": "California Fish and Game Archives | KQED Arts",
"ogDescription": null
},
"ttid": 449,
"slug": "california-fish-and-game",
"isLoading": false,
"link": "/quest/tag/california-fish-and-game"
},
"quest_718": {
"type": "terms",
"id": "quest_718",
"meta": {
"index": "terms_1716263798",
"site": "quest",
"id": "718",
"found": true
},
"relationships": {},
"featImg": null,
"name": "crab",
"description": null,
"taxonomy": "tag",
"headData": {
"twImgId": null,
"twTitle": null,
"ogTitle": null,
"ogImgId": null,
"twDescription": null,
"description": null,
"title": "crab Archives | KQED Arts",
"ogDescription": null
},
"ttid": 723,
"slug": "crab",
"isLoading": false,
"link": "/quest/tag/crab"
},
"quest_719": {
"type": "terms",
"id": "quest_719",
"meta": {
"index": "terms_1716263798",
"site": "quest",
"id": "719",
"found": true
},
"relationships": {},
"featImg": null,
"name": "crab season",
"description": null,
"taxonomy": "tag",
"headData": {
"twImgId": null,
"twTitle": null,
"ogTitle": null,
"ogImgId": null,
"twDescription": null,
"description": null,
"title": "crab season Archives | KQED Arts",
"ogDescription": null
},
"ttid": 724,
"slug": "crab-season",
"isLoading": false,
"link": "/quest/tag/crab-season"
},
"quest_895": {
"type": "terms",
"id": "quest_895",
"meta": {
"index": "terms_1716263798",
"site": "quest",
"id": "895",
"found": true
},
"relationships": {},
"featImg": null,
"name": "dungeness crab",
"description": null,
"taxonomy": "tag",
"headData": {
"twImgId": null,
"twTitle": null,
"ogTitle": null,
"ogImgId": null,
"twDescription": null,
"description": null,
"title": "dungeness crab Archives | KQED Arts",
"ogDescription": null
},
"ttid": 900,
"slug": "dungeness-crab",
"isLoading": false,
"link": "/quest/tag/dungeness-crab"
},
"quest_1103": {
"type": "terms",
"id": "quest_1103",
"meta": {
"index": "terms_1716263798",
"site": "quest",
"id": "1103",
"found": true
},
"relationships": {},
"featImg": null,
"name": "fishing",
"description": null,
"taxonomy": "tag",
"headData": {
"twImgId": null,
"twTitle": null,
"ogTitle": null,
"ogImgId": null,
"twDescription": null,
"description": null,
"title": "fishing Archives | KQED Arts",
"ogDescription": null
},
"ttid": 1112,
"slug": "fishing",
"isLoading": false,
"link": "/quest/tag/fishing"
},
"quest_13364": {
"type": "terms",
"id": "quest_13364",
"meta": {
"index": "terms_1716263798",
"site": "quest",
"id": "13364",
"found": true
},
"relationships": {},
"featImg": null,
"name": "sustainable food",
"description": null,
"taxonomy": "tag",
"headData": {
"twImgId": null,
"twTitle": null,
"ogTitle": null,
"ogImgId": null,
"twDescription": null,
"description": null,
"title": "sustainable food Archives | KQED Arts",
"ogDescription": null
},
"ttid": 13372,
"slug": "sustainable-food",
"isLoading": false,
"link": "/quest/tag/sustainable-food"
},
"quest_603": {
"type": "terms",
"id": "quest_603",
"meta": {
"index": "terms_1716263798",
"site": "quest",
"id": "603",
"found": true
},
"relationships": {},
"featImg": null,
"name": "circadian clock",
"description": null,
"taxonomy": "tag",
"headData": {
"twImgId": null,
"twTitle": null,
"ogTitle": null,
"ogImgId": null,
"twDescription": null,
"description": null,
"title": "circadian clock Archives | KQED Arts",
"ogDescription": null
},
"ttid": 607,
"slug": "circadian-clock",
"isLoading": false,
"link": "/quest/tag/circadian-clock"
},
"quest_1025": {
"type": "terms",
"id": "quest_1025",
"meta": {
"index": "terms_1716263798",
"site": "quest",
"id": "1025",
"found": true
},
"relationships": {},
"featImg": null,
"name": "eucalyptus",
"description": null,
"taxonomy": "tag",
"headData": {
"twImgId": null,
"twTitle": null,
"ogTitle": null,
"ogImgId": null,
"twDescription": null,
"description": null,
"title": "eucalyptus Archives | KQED Arts",
"ogDescription": null
},
"ttid": 1033,
"slug": "eucalyptus",
"isLoading": false,
"link": "/quest/tag/eucalyptus"
},
"quest_1819": {
"type": "terms",
"id": "quest_1819",
"meta": {
"index": "terms_1716263798",
"site": "quest",
"id": "1819",
"found": true
},
"relationships": {},
"featImg": null,
"name": "migration",
"description": null,
"taxonomy": "tag",
"headData": {
"twImgId": null,
"twTitle": null,
"ogTitle": null,
"ogImgId": null,
"twDescription": null,
"description": null,
"title": "migration Archives | KQED Arts",
"ogDescription": null
},
"ttid": 1831,
"slug": "migration",
"isLoading": false,
"link": "/quest/tag/migration"
},
"quest_1855": {
"type": "terms",
"id": "quest_1855",
"meta": {
"index": "terms_1716263798",
"site": "quest",
"id": "1855",
"found": true
},
"relationships": {},
"featImg": null,
"name": "monarch butterfly",
"description": null,
"taxonomy": "tag",
"headData": {
"twImgId": null,
"twTitle": null,
"ogTitle": null,
"ogImgId": null,
"twDescription": null,
"description": null,
"title": "monarch butterfly Archives | KQED Arts",
"ogDescription": null
},
"ttid": 1867,
"slug": "monarch-butterfly",
"isLoading": false,
"link": "/quest/tag/monarch-butterfly"
},
"quest_1864": {
"type": "terms",
"id": "quest_1864",
"meta": {
"index": "terms_1716263798",
"site": "quest",
"id": "1864",
"found": true
},
"relationships": {},
"featImg": null,
"name": "monterey",
"description": null,
"taxonomy": "tag",
"headData": {
"twImgId": null,
"twTitle": null,
"ogTitle": null,
"ogImgId": null,
"twDescription": null,
"description": null,
"title": "monterey Archives | KQED Arts",
"ogDescription": null
},
"ttid": 1876,
"slug": "monterey",
"isLoading": false,
"link": "/quest/tag/monterey"
},
"quest_1869": {
"type": "terms",
"id": "quest_1869",
"meta": {
"index": "terms_1716263798",
"site": "quest",
"id": "1869",
"found": true
},
"relationships": {},
"featImg": null,
"name": "monterey pine",
"description": null,
"taxonomy": "tag",
"headData": {
"twImgId": null,
"twTitle": null,
"ogTitle": null,
"ogImgId": null,
"twDescription": null,
"description": null,
"title": "monterey pine Archives | KQED Arts",
"ogDescription": null
},
"ttid": 1881,
"slug": "monterey-pine",
"isLoading": false,
"link": "/quest/tag/monterey-pine"
},
"quest_1356": {
"type": "terms",
"id": "quest_1356",
"meta": {
"index": "terms_1716263798",
"site": "quest",
"id": "1356",
"found": true
},
"relationships": {},
"featImg": null,
"name": "herd immunity",
"description": null,
"taxonomy": "tag",
"headData": {
"twImgId": null,
"twTitle": null,
"ogTitle": null,
"ogImgId": null,
"twDescription": null,
"description": null,
"title": "herd immunity Archives | KQED Arts",
"ogDescription": null
},
"ttid": 1367,
"slug": "herd-immunity",
"isLoading": false,
"link": "/quest/tag/herd-immunity"
},
"quest_2163": {
"type": "terms",
"id": "quest_2163",
"meta": {
"index": "terms_1716263798",
"site": "quest",
"id": "2163",
"found": true
},
"relationships": {},
"featImg": null,
"name": "pertussis",
"description": null,
"taxonomy": "tag",
"headData": {
"twImgId": null,
"twTitle": null,
"ogTitle": null,
"ogImgId": null,
"twDescription": null,
"description": null,
"title": "pertussis Archives | KQED Arts",
"ogDescription": null
},
"ttid": 2177,
"slug": "pertussis",
"isLoading": false,
"link": "/quest/tag/pertussis"
},
"quest_3054": {
"type": "terms",
"id": "quest_3054",
"meta": {
"index": "terms_1716263798",
"site": "quest",
"id": "3054",
"found": true
},
"relationships": {},
"featImg": null,
"name": "vaccination",
"description": null,
"taxonomy": "tag",
"headData": {
"twImgId": null,
"twTitle": null,
"ogTitle": null,
"ogImgId": null,
"twDescription": null,
"description": null,
"title": "vaccination Archives | KQED Arts",
"ogDescription": null
},
"ttid": 3071,
"slug": "vaccination",
"isLoading": false,
"link": "/quest/tag/vaccination"
},
"quest_3055": {
"type": "terms",
"id": "quest_3055",
"meta": {
"index": "terms_1716263798",
"site": "quest",
"id": "3055",
"found": true
},
"relationships": {},
"featImg": null,
"name": "vaccine",
"description": null,
"taxonomy": "tag",
"headData": {
"twImgId": null,
"twTitle": null,
"ogTitle": null,
"ogImgId": null,
"twDescription": null,
"description": null,
"title": "vaccine Archives | KQED Arts",
"ogDescription": null
},
"ttid": 3072,
"slug": "vaccine",
"isLoading": false,
"link": "/quest/tag/vaccine"
},
"quest_3147": {
"type": "terms",
"id": "quest_3147",
"meta": {
"index": "terms_1716263798",
"site": "quest",
"id": "3147",
"found": true
},
"relationships": {},
"featImg": null,
"name": "Whooping cough",
"description": null,
"taxonomy": "tag",
"headData": {
"twImgId": null,
"twTitle": null,
"ogTitle": null,
"ogImgId": null,
"twDescription": null,
"description": null,
"title": "Whooping cough Archives | KQED Arts",
"ogDescription": null
},
"ttid": 3165,
"slug": "whooping-cough",
"isLoading": false,
"link": "/quest/tag/whooping-cough"
},
"quest_3152": {
"type": "terms",
"id": "quest_3152",
"meta": {
"index": "terms_1716263798",
"site": "quest",
"id": "3152",
"found": true
},
"relationships": {},
"featImg": null,
"name": "Wild Web",
"description": null,
"taxonomy": "tag",
"headData": {
"twImgId": null,
"twTitle": null,
"ogTitle": null,
"ogImgId": null,
"twDescription": null,
"description": null,
"title": "Wild Web Archives | KQED Arts",
"ogDescription": null
},
"ttid": 3170,
"slug": "wild-web",
"isLoading": false,
"link": "/quest/tag/wild-web"
},
"quest_303": {
"type": "terms",
"id": "quest_303",
"meta": {
"index": "terms_1716263798",
"site": "quest",
"id": "303",
"found": true
},
"relationships": {},
"featImg": null,
"name": "beg bugs",
"description": null,
"taxonomy": "tag",
"headData": {
"twImgId": null,
"twTitle": null,
"ogTitle": null,
"ogImgId": null,
"twDescription": null,
"description": null,
"title": "beg bugs Archives | KQED Arts",
"ogDescription": null
},
"ttid": 305,
"slug": "beg-bugs",
"isLoading": false,
"link": "/quest/tag/beg-bugs"
},
"quest_147": {
"type": "terms",
"id": "quest_147",
"meta": {
"index": "terms_1716263798",
"site": "quest",
"id": "147",
"found": true
},
"relationships": {},
"featImg": null,
"name": "amphibian decline",
"description": null,
"taxonomy": "tag",
"headData": {
"twImgId": null,
"twTitle": null,
"ogTitle": null,
"ogImgId": null,
"twDescription": null,
"description": null,
"title": "amphibian decline Archives | KQED Arts",
"ogDescription": null
},
"ttid": 148,
"slug": "amphibian-decline",
"isLoading": false,
"link": "/quest/tag/amphibian-decline"
},
"quest_148": {
"type": "terms",
"id": "quest_148",
"meta": {
"index": "terms_1716263798",
"site": "quest",
"id": "148",
"found": true
},
"relationships": {},
"featImg": null,
"name": "amphibians",
"description": null,
"taxonomy": "tag",
"headData": {
"twImgId": null,
"twTitle": null,
"ogTitle": null,
"ogImgId": null,
"twDescription": null,
"description": null,
"title": "amphibians Archives | KQED Arts",
"ogDescription": null
},
"ttid": 149,
"slug": "amphibians",
"isLoading": false,
"link": "/quest/tag/amphibians"
},
"quest_453": {
"type": "terms",
"id": "quest_453",
"meta": {
"index": "terms_1716263798",
"site": "quest",
"id": "453",
"found": true
},
"relationships": {},
"featImg": null,
"name": "California newt",
"description": null,
"taxonomy": "tag",
"headData": {
"twImgId": null,
"twTitle": null,
"ogTitle": null,
"ogImgId": null,
"twDescription": null,
"description": null,
"title": "California newt Archives | KQED Arts",
"ogDescription": null
},
"ttid": 456,
"slug": "california-newt",
"isLoading": false,
"link": "/quest/tag/california-newt"
},
"quest_586": {
"type": "terms",
"id": "quest_586",
"meta": {
"index": "terms_1716263798",
"site": "quest",
"id": "586",
"found": true
},
"relationships": {},
"featImg": null,
"name": "chitrid",
"description": null,
"taxonomy": "tag",
"headData": {
"twImgId": null,
"twTitle": null,
"ogTitle": null,
"ogImgId": null,
"twDescription": null,
"description": null,
"title": "chitrid Archives | KQED Arts",
"ogDescription": null
},
"ttid": 590,
"slug": "chitrid",
"isLoading": false,
"link": "/quest/tag/chitrid"
},
"quest_912": {
"type": "terms",
"id": "quest_912",
"meta": {
"index": "terms_1716263798",
"site": "quest",
"id": "912",
"found": true
},
"relationships": {},
"featImg": null,
"name": "East Bay Regional Parks",
"description": null,
"taxonomy": "tag",
"headData": {
"twImgId": null,
"twTitle": null,
"ogTitle": null,
"ogImgId": null,
"twDescription": null,
"description": null,
"title": "East Bay Regional Parks Archives | KQED Arts",
"ogDescription": null
},
"ttid": 917,
"slug": "east-bay-regional-parks",
"isLoading": false,
"link": "/quest/tag/east-bay-regional-parks"
},
"quest_1049": {
"type": "terms",
"id": "quest_1049",
"meta": {
"index": "terms_1716263798",
"site": "quest",
"id": "1049",
"found": true
},
"relationships": {},
"featImg": null,
"name": "extinction",
"description": null,
"taxonomy": "tag",
"headData": {
"twImgId": null,
"twTitle": null,
"ogTitle": null,
"ogImgId": null,
"twDescription": null,
"description": null,
"title": "extinction Archives | KQED Arts",
"ogDescription": null
},
"ttid": 1058,
"slug": "extinction",
"isLoading": false,
"link": "/quest/tag/extinction"
},
"quest_1155": {
"type": "terms",
"id": "quest_1155",
"meta": {
"index": "terms_1716263798",
"site": "quest",
"id": "1155",
"found": true
},
"relationships": {},
"featImg": null,
"name": "fungus",
"description": null,
"taxonomy": "tag",
"headData": {
"twImgId": null,
"twTitle": null,
"ogTitle": null,
"ogImgId": null,
"twDescription": null,
"description": null,
"title": "fungus Archives | KQED Arts",
"ogDescription": null
},
"ttid": 1164,
"slug": "fungus",
"isLoading": false,
"link": "/quest/tag/fungus"
},
"quest_1291": {
"type": "terms",
"id": "quest_1291",
"meta": {
"index": "terms_1716263798",
"site": "quest",
"id": "1291",
"found": true
},
"relationships": {},
"featImg": null,
"name": "habitat",
"description": null,
"taxonomy": "tag",
"headData": {
"twImgId": null,
"twTitle": null,
"ogTitle": null,
"ogImgId": null,
"twDescription": null,
"description": null,
"title": "habitat Archives | KQED Arts",
"ogDescription": null
},
"ttid": 1301,
"slug": "habitat",
"isLoading": false,
"link": "/quest/tag/habitat"
},
"quest_1989": {
"type": "terms",
"id": "quest_1989",
"meta": {
"index": "terms_1716263798",
"site": "quest",
"id": "1989",
"found": true
},
"relationships": {},
"featImg": null,
"name": "newt",
"description": null,
"taxonomy": "tag",
"headData": {
"twImgId": null,
"twTitle": null,
"ogTitle": null,
"ogImgId": null,
"twDescription": null,
"description": null,
"title": "newt Archives | KQED Arts",
"ogDescription": null
},
"ttid": 2002,
"slug": "newt",
"isLoading": false,
"link": "/quest/tag/newt"
},
"quest_1990": {
"type": "terms",
"id": "quest_1990",
"meta": {
"index": "terms_1716263798",
"site": "quest",
"id": "1990",
"found": true
},
"relationships": {},
"featImg": null,
"name": "newts",
"description": null,
"taxonomy": "tag",
"headData": {
"twImgId": null,
"twTitle": null,
"ogTitle": null,
"ogImgId": null,
"twDescription": null,
"description": null,
"title": "newts Archives | KQED Arts",
"ogDescription": null
},
"ttid": 2003,
"slug": "newts",
"isLoading": false,
"link": "/quest/tag/newts"
},
"quest_2455": {
"type": "terms",
"id": "quest_2455",
"meta": {
"index": "terms_1716263798",
"site": "quest",
"id": "2455",
"found": true
},
"relationships": {},
"featImg": null,
"name": "rough-skinned newt",
"description": null,
"taxonomy": "tag",
"headData": {
"twImgId": null,
"twTitle": null,
"ogTitle": null,
"ogImgId": null,
"twDescription": null,
"description": null,
"title": "rough-skinned newt Archives | KQED Arts",
"ogDescription": null
},
"ttid": 2471,
"slug": "rough-skinned-newt",
"isLoading": false,
"link": "/quest/tag/rough-skinned-newt"
},
"quest_2943": {
"type": "terms",
"id": "quest_2943",
"meta": {
"index": "terms_1716263798",
"site": "quest",
"id": "2943",
"found": true
},
"relationships": {},
"featImg": null,
"name": "Tilden Park",
"description": null,
"taxonomy": "tag",
"headData": {
"twImgId": null,
"twTitle": null,
"ogTitle": null,
"ogImgId": null,
"twDescription": null,
"description": null,
"title": "Tilden Park Archives | KQED Arts",
"ogDescription": null
},
"ttid": 2959,
"slug": "tilden-park",
"isLoading": false,
"link": "/quest/tag/tilden-park"
},
"quest_10980": {
"type": "terms",
"id": "quest_10980",
"meta": {
"index": "terms_1716263798",
"site": "quest",
"id": "10980",
"found": true
},
"relationships": {},
"featImg": null,
"name": "blue",
"description": null,
"taxonomy": "tag",
"headData": {
"twImgId": null,
"twTitle": null,
"ogTitle": null,
"ogImgId": null,
"twDescription": null,
"description": null,
"title": "blue Archives | KQED Arts",
"ogDescription": null
},
"ttid": 11013,
"slug": "blue",
"isLoading": false,
"link": "/quest/tag/blue"
},
"quest_1095": {
"type": "terms",
"id": "quest_1095",
"meta": {
"index": "terms_1716263798",
"site": "quest",
"id": "1095",
"found": true
},
"relationships": {},
"featImg": null,
"name": "fire",
"description": null,
"taxonomy": "tag",
"headData": {
"twImgId": null,
"twTitle": null,
"ogTitle": null,
"ogImgId": null,
"twDescription": null,
"description": null,
"title": "fire Archives | KQED Arts",
"ogDescription": null
},
"ttid": 1104,
"slug": "fire",
"isLoading": false,
"link": "/quest/tag/fire"
},
"quest_1208": {
"type": "terms",
"id": "quest_1208",
"meta": {
"index": "terms_1716263798",
"site": "quest",
"id": "1208",
"found": true
},
"relationships": {},
"featImg": null,
"name": "GGNRA",
"description": null,
"taxonomy": "tag",
"headData": {
"twImgId": null,
"twTitle": null,
"ogTitle": null,
"ogImgId": null,
"twDescription": null,
"description": null,
"title": "GGNRA Archives | KQED Arts",
"ogDescription": null
},
"ttid": 1218,
"slug": "ggnra",
"isLoading": false,
"link": "/quest/tag/ggnra"
},
"quest_1237": {
"type": "terms",
"id": "quest_1237",
"meta": {
"index": "terms_1716263798",
"site": "quest",
"id": "1237",
"found": true
},
"relationships": {},
"featImg": null,
"name": "golden gate national recreation area",
"description": null,
"taxonomy": "tag",
"headData": {
"twImgId": null,
"twTitle": null,
"ogTitle": null,
"ogImgId": null,
"twDescription": null,
"description": null,
"title": "golden gate national recreation area Archives | KQED Arts",
"ogDescription": null
},
"ttid": 1247,
"slug": "golden-gate-national-recreation-area",
"isLoading": false,
"link": "/quest/tag/golden-gate-national-recreation-area"
},
"quest_10981": {
"type": "terms",
"id": "quest_10981",
"meta": {
"index": "terms_1716263798",
"site": "quest",
"id": "10981",
"found": true
},
"relationships": {},
"featImg": null,
"name": "lupine",
"description": null,
"taxonomy": "tag",
"headData": {
"twImgId": null,
"twTitle": null,
"ogTitle": null,
"ogImgId": null,
"twDescription": null,
"description": null,
"title": "lupine Archives | KQED Arts",
"ogDescription": null
},
"ttid": 11014,
"slug": "lupine",
"isLoading": false,
"link": "/quest/tag/lupine"
},
"quest_1837": {
"type": "terms",
"id": "quest_1837",
"meta": {
"index": "terms_1716263798",
"site": "quest",
"id": "1837",
"found": true
},
"relationships": {},
"featImg": null,
"name": "mission",
"description": null,
"taxonomy": "tag",
"headData": {
"twImgId": null,
"twTitle": null,
"ogTitle": null,
"ogImgId": null,
"twDescription": null,
"description": null,
"title": "mission Archives | KQED Arts",
"ogDescription": null
},
"ttid": 1849,
"slug": "mission",
"isLoading": false,
"link": "/quest/tag/mission"
},
"quest_413": {
"type": "terms",
"id": "quest_413",
"meta": {
"index": "terms_1716263798",
"site": "quest",
"id": "413",
"found": true
},
"relationships": {},
"featImg": null,
"name": "burn",
"description": null,
"taxonomy": "tag",
"headData": {
"twImgId": null,
"twTitle": null,
"ogTitle": null,
"ogImgId": null,
"twDescription": null,
"description": null,
"title": "burn Archives | KQED Arts",
"ogDescription": null
},
"ttid": 416,
"slug": "burn",
"isLoading": false,
"link": "/quest/tag/burn"
},
"quest_1738": {
"type": "terms",
"id": "quest_1738",
"meta": {
"index": "terms_1716263798",
"site": "quest",
"id": "1738",
"found": true
},
"relationships": {},
"featImg": null,
"name": "Marin headlands",
"description": null,
"taxonomy": "tag",
"headData": {
"twImgId": null,
"twTitle": null,
"ogTitle": null,
"ogImgId": null,
"twDescription": null,
"description": null,
"title": "Marin headlands Archives | KQED Arts",
"ogDescription": null
},
"ttid": 1750,
"slug": "marin-headlands",
"isLoading": false,
"link": "/quest/tag/marin-headlands"
},
"quest_1838": {
"type": "terms",
"id": "quest_1838",
"meta": {
"index": "terms_1716263798",
"site": "quest",
"id": "1838",
"found": true
},
"relationships": {},
"featImg": null,
"name": "Mission Blue Butterfly",
"description": null,
"taxonomy": "tag",
"headData": {
"twImgId": null,
"twTitle": null,
"ogTitle": null,
"ogImgId": null,
"twDescription": null,
"description": null,
"title": "Mission Blue Butterfly Archives | KQED Arts",
"ogDescription": null
},
"ttid": 1850,
"slug": "mission-blue-butterfly",
"isLoading": false,
"link": "/quest/tag/mission-blue-butterfly"
},
"quest_2283": {
"type": "terms",
"id": "quest_2283",
"meta": {
"index": "terms_1716263798",
"site": "quest",
"id": "2283",
"found": true
},
"relationships": {},
"featImg": null,
"name": "prescribed burn",
"description": null,
"taxonomy": "tag",
"headData": {
"twImgId": null,
"twTitle": null,
"ogTitle": null,
"ogImgId": null,
"twDescription": null,
"description": null,
"title": "prescribed burn Archives | KQED Arts",
"ogDescription": null
},
"ttid": 2298,
"slug": "prescribed-burn",
"isLoading": false,
"link": "/quest/tag/prescribed-burn"
},
"quest_2521": {
"type": "terms",
"id": "quest_2521",
"meta": {
"index": "terms_1716263798",
"site": "quest",
"id": "2521",
"found": true
},
"relationships": {},
"featImg": null,
"name": "scarification",
"description": null,
"taxonomy": "tag",
"headData": {
"twImgId": null,
"twTitle": null,
"ogTitle": null,
"ogImgId": null,
"twDescription": null,
"description": null,
"title": "scarification Archives | KQED Arts",
"ogDescription": null
},
"ttid": 2537,
"slug": "scarification",
"isLoading": false,
"link": "/quest/tag/scarification"
},
"quest_2632": {
"type": "terms",
"id": "quest_2632",
"meta": {
"index": "terms_1716263798",
"site": "quest",
"id": "2632",
"found": true
},
"relationships": {},
"featImg": null,
"name": "silver leaf lupine",
"description": null,
"taxonomy": "tag",
"headData": {
"twImgId": null,
"twTitle": null,
"ogTitle": null,
"ogImgId": null,
"twDescription": null,
"description": null,
"title": "silver leaf lupine Archives | KQED Arts",
"ogDescription": null
},
"ttid": 2648,
"slug": "silver-leaf-lupine",
"isLoading": false,
"link": "/quest/tag/silver-leaf-lupine"
}
},
"userPermissionsReducer": {
"wpLoggedIn": false
},
"eventsReducer": {},
"fssReducer": {},
"tvDailyScheduleReducer": {},
"tvWeeklyScheduleReducer": {},
"tvPrimetimeScheduleReducer": {},
"tvMonthlyScheduleReducer": {},
"userAccountReducer": {
"user": {
"email": null,
"emailStatus": "EMAIL_UNVALIDATED",
"loggedStatus": "LOGGED_OUT",
"loggingChecked": false,
"articles": [],
"firstName": null,
"lastName": null,
"phoneNumber": null,
"fetchingMembership": false,
"membershipError": false,
"memberships": [
{
"id": null,
"startDate": null,
"firstName": null,
"lastName": null,
"familyNumber": null,
"memberNumber": null,
"memberSince": null,
"expirationDate": null,
"pfsEligible": false,
"isSustaining": false,
"membershipLevel": "Prospect",
"membershipStatus": "Non Member",
"lastGiftDate": null,
"renewalDate": null,
"lastDonationAmount": null
}
]
},
"authModal": {
"isOpen": false,
"view": "LANDING_VIEW"
},
"error": null
},
"youthMediaReducer": {},
"checkPleaseReducer": {
"filterData": {
"region": {
"key": "Restaurant Region",
"filters": [
"Any Region"
]
},
"cuisine": {
"key": "Restaurant Cuisine",
"filters": [
"Any Cuisine"
]
}
},
"restaurantDataById": {},
"restaurantIdsSorted": [],
"error": null
},
"userAgentReducer": {
"userAgent": "Mozilla/5.0 AppleWebKit/537.36 (KHTML, like Gecko; compatible; ClaudeBot/1.0; +claudebot@anthropic.com)",
"isBot": true
},
"requestOutcomesReducer": {
"notFound": []
},
"navPromosReducer": {
"isFetching": false,
"fetchFailed": false,
"hasFetched": true,
"promos": {
"news": {
"name": "2026 Voter Guide",
"link": "/voterguide",
"imageURL": "https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2026/10/Nav-News-Nov2026ElectionCoverage@2x-7bd4aad4.png",
"description": "Get informed in minutes with our Voter Guide for California’s November 3 election."
},
"podcasts-radio": {},
"video-tv": {},
"events": {},
"support": {}
}
}
}