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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>\u003cspan class=\"left\">\u003ca href=\"http://www.kqed.org/quest\">\u003cimg src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2011/06/ColorfulChromosomes1.jpg\" alt=\"\">\u003c/a>\u003cem>Scientists are finally unraveling enough of the mystery of\u003cbr>human DNA to help individual patients.\u003c/em>\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In the last few months, a couple of stories have come out that show the promise of the upcoming genetic revolution. In each case, doctors found a patient’s best treatment by looking at every last letter of that patient’s DNA. \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In the first \u003ca href=\"http://www.thetech.org/genetics/news.php?id=140\">case\u003c/a>, a young boy had all the hallmarks of an immune problem but there was no conclusive diagnosis. Without knowing for sure what was wrong, doctors weren’t comfortable treating the boy with a risky bone marrow transplant.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Then scientists sequenced the boy’s DNA. Lo and behold there was a never-before-seen mutation in a known gene. This nailed down the diagnosis of a potentially life-threatening form of irritable bowel disease (IBD).\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c!--more-->\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The doctors went ahead with the bone marrow transplant. The boy not only survived the treatment, but his symptoms cleared up as well. He is now essentially cured because he had his DNA sequenced.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The second \u003ca href=\"http://www.thetech.org/genetics/news.php?id=142\">case \u003c/a>involves a set of boy-girl twins. They suffer from a movement disorder called dopamine-responsive dystonia (\u003ca href=\"http://www.dystoniacanada.org/about-dystonia/dopa-responsive-dystonia\">DRD\u003c/a>). \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Patients with DRD are usually treated with L-dopa. This can often clear up most symptoms but didn’t seem to help these twins as much. In particular, the twin sister still suffered severe enough symptoms to greatly diminish her quality of life. \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Scientists sequenced the twins’ DNA and found out that they had a kind of DRD that responds best to both L-dopa and a medicine called 5-HTP. Once they both received this new treatment, their symptoms improved dramatically.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>For example, the girl used to suffer from something called layngospasms that usually ended in vomiting. With the new treatment, this went away. An obvious improvement to her life!\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Assuming prices keep dropping for sequencing and Congress keeps allocating money for basic research, there may come a day in the not too distant future when many more patients like these will be helped. People will have better lives because doctors can figure out what is wrong by looking at their DNA. As long as doctors have the tools they need to help patients that is.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Right now the information is so scattered and so specialized that most doctors can’t help without a scientist’s intervention. This greatly limits the number of patients who can be helped.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Getting this whole process streamlined enough so that more than just the wealthy, connected, or lucky can benefit won’t be easy. We need to generate lots more data. But we also need to collect and organize the data so doctors can take a patient’s DNA data and translate it into the right treatment without the help of a genetic scientist. \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>This last part is not exciting work but is absolutely necessary if the promise of the genomic revolution is to be fully realized. Here’s hoping someone funds something like this.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003ciframe width=\"425\" height=\"349\" src=\"http://www.youtube.com/embed/jxFO-SjA-P4\" frameborder=\"0\">\u003c/iframe>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003ci>Great story about DRD and how L-dopa can help.\u003c/i>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp> 37.3393857 -121.8949555\u003c/p>\n\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>",
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"content": "\u003cp>\u003cspan class=\"left\">\u003cimg src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2011/06/Pier391.jpg\">\u003cem>San Francisco's Pier 39 is home to only a few sea lions this summer.\u003c/em>\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>I spent Saturday sightseeing in San Francisco with a friend visiting from out of town, and I thought I’d check in on the \u003ca href=\"http://www.marinemammalcenter.org/education/marine-mammal-information/pinnipeds/california-sea-lion/\">sea lions\u003c/a> at \u003ca href=\"http://www.pier39.com/Information/webcamnew.htm\">Pier 39\u003c/a>. Just a few years ago, there were about 1600 of them, slithering on and off the wooden docks, basking in the sun, and barking at one another. Then in 2009, most of them swam away, as QUEST blogger Amy Gotliffe \u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/2010/02/11/wonderin-where-the-lions-are/\">explained\u003c/a>. The sea lions’ favorite food, herring, was in short supply, so they went to Oregon to feast on anchovies and salmon. Now the herring are making a comeback—will the sea lions return too?\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c!--more-->\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>This weekend the floating wooden palates at Pier 39 were mostly bare; there were perhaps a dozen sea lions. We would expect the sea lion numbers to be low this time of year, herring or no herring. In the summer, sea lions travel down south (the Channel Islands, San Diego, Baja) to breed. But there were still fewer sea lions at Pier 39 than in summers past. \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Sea lions will eat a lot of different prey items: octopus, squid, small sharks. But their bread and butter is herring, which have been hard to find in recent years. The herring fishery is the only fishery still in operation in San Francisco Bay, and it \u003ca href=\"http://www.santacruzsentinel.com/localnews/ci_13280772\">closed\u003c/a> during the 2009/2010 season (December through April), because there were so few fish. This year, \u003ca href=\"http://baynature.org/articles/web-only-articles/a-good-season-for-bay-herring\">the herring fishery opened again\u003c/a>, but with a lower quota than in the past, to allow the fish to recover.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>There are a few hypotheses about why the herring numbers dipped so low in 2009. First, herring lay their eggs in the brackish waters of the estuaries around San Francisco Bay. Each female fish can lay up to 50,000 eggs, which are a prized commodity in Japan. However, the years leading up to 2009 were drought years, so the estuaries were saltier than usual. That may have affected the herrings’ spawning success. Second, the 2007 Cosco Busan oil spill may have affected herring health. Researchers found oil-soaked embryos, which were deformed. Third, herring declines may be the result of climate change. As surface waters get warmer, there is less mixing with cold, nutrient-rich water from the bottom of the ocean. There are also big patches of the ocean that have very little oxygen. These hypoxic zones are deadly to their inhabitants, and are affecting many marine species.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>However, the herring appear to be making a comeback, possibly because the past few years have been wet and the estuaries are sufficiently fresh, or because the spilled oil has been flushed from the Bay. Time will tell whether the sea lions follow their food and return to Pier 39. I hope they come back—along with the twists and turns of Lombard Street and the Golden Gate Bridge, the Embarcadero’s sea lions are one of my favorite San Francisco treasures to show off to visiting friends.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp> 37.809079 -122.411934\u003c/p>\n\n",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>\u003cspan class=\"left\">\u003cimg src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2011/06/Pier391.jpg\">\u003cem>San Francisco's Pier 39 is home to only a few sea lions this summer.\u003c/em>\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>I spent Saturday sightseeing in San Francisco with a friend visiting from out of town, and I thought I’d check in on the \u003ca href=\"http://www.marinemammalcenter.org/education/marine-mammal-information/pinnipeds/california-sea-lion/\">sea lions\u003c/a> at \u003ca href=\"http://www.pier39.com/Information/webcamnew.htm\">Pier 39\u003c/a>. Just a few years ago, there were about 1600 of them, slithering on and off the wooden docks, basking in the sun, and barking at one another. Then in 2009, most of them swam away, as QUEST blogger Amy Gotliffe \u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/2010/02/11/wonderin-where-the-lions-are/\">explained\u003c/a>. The sea lions’ favorite food, herring, was in short supply, so they went to Oregon to feast on anchovies and salmon. Now the herring are making a comeback—will the sea lions return too?\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c!--more-->\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>This weekend the floating wooden palates at Pier 39 were mostly bare; there were perhaps a dozen sea lions. We would expect the sea lion numbers to be low this time of year, herring or no herring. In the summer, sea lions travel down south (the Channel Islands, San Diego, Baja) to breed. But there were still fewer sea lions at Pier 39 than in summers past. \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Sea lions will eat a lot of different prey items: octopus, squid, small sharks. But their bread and butter is herring, which have been hard to find in recent years. The herring fishery is the only fishery still in operation in San Francisco Bay, and it \u003ca href=\"http://www.santacruzsentinel.com/localnews/ci_13280772\">closed\u003c/a> during the 2009/2010 season (December through April), because there were so few fish. This year, \u003ca href=\"http://baynature.org/articles/web-only-articles/a-good-season-for-bay-herring\">the herring fishery opened again\u003c/a>, but with a lower quota than in the past, to allow the fish to recover.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>There are a few hypotheses about why the herring numbers dipped so low in 2009. First, herring lay their eggs in the brackish waters of the estuaries around San Francisco Bay. Each female fish can lay up to 50,000 eggs, which are a prized commodity in Japan. However, the years leading up to 2009 were drought years, so the estuaries were saltier than usual. That may have affected the herrings’ spawning success. Second, the 2007 Cosco Busan oil spill may have affected herring health. Researchers found oil-soaked embryos, which were deformed. Third, herring declines may be the result of climate change. As surface waters get warmer, there is less mixing with cold, nutrient-rich water from the bottom of the ocean. There are also big patches of the ocean that have very little oxygen. These hypoxic zones are deadly to their inhabitants, and are affecting many marine species.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>However, the herring appear to be making a comeback, possibly because the past few years have been wet and the estuaries are sufficiently fresh, or because the spilled oil has been flushed from the Bay. Time will tell whether the sea lions follow their food and return to Pier 39. I hope they come back—along with the twists and turns of Lombard Street and the Golden Gate Bridge, the Embarcadero’s sea lions are one of my favorite San Francisco treasures to show off to visiting friends.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp> 37.809079 -122.411934\u003c/p>\n\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>",
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"content": "\u003cp>\u003cspan class=\"left\">\u003cimg decoding=\"async\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2011/06/RebeccaJohnson-0151.jpg\" alt=\"\">\u003cem>Dr. Rebecca Johnson is a systematic biologist and studies the evolution of color in sea slugs at the California Academy of Sciences.\u003c/em>\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In the slow paced world of marine sea slugs, a sedentary defense can be the difference between eating and being eaten. With shelled armor, stealthy camouflage or chemical warfare, defense strategies are not only fascinating, but are a potential source of novel cancer and cardiac therapies. Of the 3,000 species of nudibranchs, or “naked-gilled” slugs, many display beautiful, vivid color patterns. These colors warn predators that the slugs are toxic.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c!--more-->\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Post-doctoral researcher at the \u003ca href=\"http://www.calacademy.org/\">California Academy of Sciences\u003c/a>, Dr. Rebecca Johnson studies the evolution of color patterning in these brazen beauties. Her specialty lies within a family of 300 species called the \u003ca href=\"http://spineless.ucsd.edu/Research_chromo.html\">chromodorid nudibranchs\u003c/a>, which mainly live in shallow tropic waters worldwide.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan class=\"right\">\u003cimg decoding=\"async\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2012/06/Risbecia-tyroni3_Stephen-Chidls_blog1.jpg\" alt=\"\">\u003cem>Chromodorid nudibranch (Risbecia tyroni) Photo credit: Stephen Childs\u003c/em>\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Most nudibranchs take something from their prey to use as their own chemical defense. For example, the chromodorid nudibranchs selectively feed on sponges and steal toxic chemicals from the sponge originally intended to keep animals from living and growing on the sponge. The slugs redistribute those chemicals throughout their tissues to use for defense.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Species that eat sea anemones and other cnidarians can capture the stinging cells from their prey and store them in their tissues. The aeolid nudibranchs store these stinging cells in cerata, which are long finger-like projections that line the body.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>A group of slugs that are closely related to nudibranchs, called sacoglossans, steal chloroplasts from algae prey. Instead of stealing for defense, these slugs steal for energy. They redistribute the chloroplasts throughout their tissues and can actually keep the chloroplasts photosynthesizing. These animals are essentially crawling plants.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Dr. Johnson has been named one of the \u003ca href=\"http://www.calacademy.org/newsroom/releases/2010/johnson_award.php\">16 Rubenstein Fellows\u003c/a> by the \u003ca href=\"http://www.eol.org/\">Encyclopedia of Life \u003c/a>(EOL). “I am honored and excited to be a Rubenstein Fellow,” says Johnson. “With this award, I will use the Encyclopedia of Life as a platform with which to consolidate and organize historical data, new research findings, and information on chromodorid nudibranchs that is only found in the scientific literature, libraries, natural history museums, and scattered across the web. As a fellow, I look forward to sharing the beauty of these animals with a larger audience and to making scientific information about them more widely available.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In addition to working as postdoctoral researcher at the Academy, Johnson also works with the Gulf of the Farallones National Marine Sanctuary\u003ca href=\"http://www.calacademy.org/blogs/rockyshore/\"> to train tide pool naturalists at Duxbury Reef\u003c/a>—a marine protected area in Marin County—and contributes to the Academy’s exhibits and education programs, including a recent display on the Farallon Islands.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>37.7699 -122.467174\u003c/p>\n\n",
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"content": "\u003cp>\u003cspan class=\"left\">\u003cimg src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2011/06/baycheckerspot2.jpg\">\u003cem>The life history cycles of the bay checkerspot butterfly and its host plant, Plantago, don’t match up anymore. When the butterfly eggs hatch, the plant is no longer edible. Photo: \u003ca href=\"http://www.flickr.com/photos/kqedquest/447852484/\">kqedquest\u003c/a>.\u003c/em>\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Tomorrow is our summer \u003ca href=\"http://scijinks.nasa.gov/solstice\">solstice\u003c/a>—the longest day of the year here in the Northern Hemisphere. For folks in the Southern Hemisphere, tomorrow is the winter solstice, the shortest day of the year. The solstices occur thanks to the tilt of the earth. Humans have been recognizing and celebrating the solstices throughout history; \u003ca href=\"http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Stonehenge\">Stonehenge\u003c/a> is just one example. But we humans are not the only creatures that pay attention to day length. The life cycles of myriad plants and animals are controlled by the length of the day.\u003c!--more-->\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Many plants and animals are sensitive to the \u003ca href=\"http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Photoperiodism\">photoperiod\u003c/a>, or day length. As day length grows longer throughout the springtime, many species of plants begin to flower. Other plants are triggered to reproduce when the day length becomes shorter. In these plants, a protein is actually responding to the number of hours of darkness, not to the hours of light. Many animals respond to day length, too. For many bird species, a critical day length initiates their reproductive maturation and is their cue to begin migrating. Decreasing day length also prompts hibernation in many animals. In all of these examples, photoperiod is controlling organisms’ \u003ca href=\"http://www.usanpn.org/about/phenology\">phenology\u003c/a>—the timing of life events, like plant flowering and bird egg laying. Phenology is often tied to the seasons, because of organisms’ responses to day length.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Phenology can also be controlled by other factors, like temperature and the amount of rainfall. As the days grow warmer because of climate change, the timing of organisms’ life cycles is shifting. Spring happens earlier than it used to, and many springtime life events are happening earlier too. In major 2003 \u003ca href=\"http://www.nature.com/nature/journal/v421/n6918/full/nature01286.html\">study\u003c/a> of nearly 700 species, including birds, insects, frogs, flowering plants, and trees, 62% of species’ life cycles had shifted over an average of 45 years. Birds and frogs bred earlier, migrating birds and butterflies arrived sooner, and plants flowered and buds burst earlier. \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>This is likely leading to a widespread phenological mismatch; while some organisms are responding to earlier springtime temperatures, other organisms are still tracking day length. This means that insects emerge ready to feed on particular plants, but the plants are not yet edible. The insects don’t get their food, and the plants don’t get pollinated. Or migrating birds arrive hungry, and their food source has not yet ripened. \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>It is difficult to know to what extent phonological mismatches are taking place. A proper study of phenology requires a lot of data—many widespread observations of when a particular plant is flowering, or when and where a particular migratory bird is present. This is where you come in. The \u003ca href=\"http://www.usanpn.org/\">National Phenology Network\u003c/a> has a \u003ca href=\"http://www.usanpn.org/participate\">citizen science program\u003c/a> that allows people across the country to record their observations of plants and animals. This crowd-sourced data will be used to determine the extent and effects of shifts in the timing of organisms’ life cycles. \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp> 37.879329 -122.2463347\u003c/p>\n\n",
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"content": "\u003cp>\u003cimg src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2011/06/spider3.jpg\">\u003cbr>\n\u003cem>Photo Credit: JLplusAL\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The \u003ca href=\"http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Solifugae\">camel spider\u003c/a> - also known as the wind scorpion or sun spider - has taken its place amongst many tall tales and urban legends. They are technically not spiders (which are within the order Araneae) as they are in the Solifugue order, which translates from Latin as \"those that flee from the sun\". They are desert-dwelling opportunistic carnivores that hunt nocturnally and flee from the sun during they day. Although camel spiders sightings are most often reported in the Middle East, they are also species native to the Southwest United States and Mexico. Troops coming back from the Middle East have only added more infamy to the already existing stories. So what is fact and what is fiction?\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Camel spiders get their name from eating the underbellies of camels. It might be that they got their name because these creatures hide from the sun and could have often been found in the shadow of camels. Although this order spans across the world, they are only found in arid and dry desserts.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>True of False: \u003c/strong>\u003cem>\u003cstrong>They will scream as they run after humans.\u003c/strong>\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Often people have felt that camel spiders are chasing them but really they are chasing their shadow and the shade. If a person stands still, the camel spider will stay in the shade of the shadow cast. Camel spiders do not scream, some species will hiss but most do not make any sound. Camel spiders will shun the sun and during the day seek either shade or a place where they can dig a burrow to get out of the sun. However at night, light will attract a camel spider and they will run towards it. Most often, camel spiders will hunt at night and seek burrows or shade during the day.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>True of False: \u003c/strong>\u003cem>\u003cstrong>They can run up to 30 miles per hour.\u003c/strong>\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Camel spiders are fast in comparison to other invertebrates but 30 miles per hour is quite an exaggeration. The fastest camel spider can reach speeds of 10 miles per hour over a very short distance. To give a sense of their speed that is equivalent to running a six-minute mile.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>True or False: \u003c/strong> \u003cem>\u003cstrong>If you put a camel spider on a basketball, its legs can touch the ground.\u003c/strong>\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Their have been many pictures of camel spiders that been doctored to make them look much larger than they actually are. Camel spiders can grow to, at most, a length of six inches including their legs. In one picture I came across, a camel spider is compared to a package of cigarettes, although it wasn’t the Camel brand.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>True or False:\u003c/strong> \u003cem>\u003cstrong>They have been known to anaesthetize sleeping humans and gorge on large chunks of their flesh, so much in fact they their bodies swell to the point that they are unable to move.\u003c/strong>\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Camel spiders will eat insects, bugs, lizards, and perhaps small snakes but they are not known to eat prey bigger than they are. They will gorge if given the opportunity; their abdomen will swell and they can barely move after a large meal. Camel spiders are aggressive and if they are cornered or feel threatened they will bite. They have no venom glands and rely on a strong and crushing pincer known as the chelicerae to bite. Their bite is painful and if left untreated can cause infection. However, if a person does not antagonize a camel spider it will not bite.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Camel spiders in reality have more bark than bite. They look quite sinister but are fairly harmless to humans. However if you are a scorpion or insect in their path – well that’s another story.\u003c/p>\n\n",
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"disqusTitle": "After Earth Day, Celebrate the Other 71% with World Oceans Day",
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"content": "\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2009/06/world_oceans_day1.jpg\">\u003cimg class=\"alignleft size-thumbnail wp-image-2695\" title=\"world_oceans_day\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2009/06/world_oceans_day1-300x169.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"300\" height=\"169\">\u003c/a>In April, people across the USA and the world celebrated the beauty of nature, our rivers and mountains, and wildlife. The original Earth Day was inspired by founder \u003ca href=\"http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gaylord_Nelson\">Gaylord Nelson\u003c/a>, former U.S. Senator from Wisconsin, after witnessing the devastation of the 1969 massive oil spill in Santa Barbara, California. In that era of protests against war and social Injustice, millions rallied across the US to the first \u003ca href=\"http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Earth_Day\">Earth Day\u003c/a> to demand change. Rivers burning, mountains clear-cut and vanishing species enraged our citizens and they gathered en masse across the nation and demanded change. This public demonstration of love for nature led to the creation of the \u003ca href=\"http://www.epa.gov/\">Environmental Protection Agency\u003c/a> and the passage of the \u003ca href=\"http://www.epa.gov/air/caa/\">Clean Air\u003c/a>, \u003ca href=\"http://cfpub.epa.gov/npdes/cwa.cfm?program_id=45\">Clean Water\u003c/a>, and \u003ca href=\"http://www.fws.gov/laws/lawsdigest/esact.html\">Endangered Species Acts\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c!--more-->\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Forty years later the rivers are cleaner, millions of acres have been established as national parks and wilderness areas and over all the air quality has improved. But what about the other 71%? Over half our oxygen comes from the ocean. Fish feed millions and the beauty and complexity of marine life leave us in awe. Yet today, a year after the ravages in the Gulf from the \u003ca href=\"http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Deepwater_Horizon_oil_spill\">BP Oil spill\u003c/a>, 90% of large pelagic shark species are going extinct from overfishing and for their fins. Whales and seals have been hunted to a genetic bottle neck and are hunted still. The wolves of the sea, the bluefin tuna, are being fished to the vanishing point. While a thousand other insults are being inflicted on Mother Ocean, where is our outrage?\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>New oil wells are being considered along our coast while nuclear power plants hum along our shorelines vulnerable to Tsunami and earthquakes. Recent \u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/2011/04/24/toxic-algae-on-the-loose/\">die-offs of sardines\u003c/a> in southern California; emaciated and \u003ca href=\"http://articles.sfgate.com/2009-06-19/news/17210751_1_sea-lions-marine-mammal-center-young-sea\">sickly sea lions\u003c/a> along the coast, \u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/2009/05/12/producers-notes-californias-lost-salmon/\">vanishing salmon\u003c/a> and \u003ca href=\"http://www.mercurynews.com/san-mateo-county/ci_17913460?nclick_check=1\">stranded leopard sharks\u003c/a> in the San Francisco Bay are bellwethers reminding us that the ocean is sick.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The ocean needs our help.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>After a week of celebrating the Earth, it's time to celebrate our ocean with \u003ca href=\"http://worldoceansday.org/\">World Oceans Day\u003c/a>. This day had been unofficially celebrated every June 8 since its original proposal in 1992 by Canada at the Earth Summit in Rio de Janeiro, Brazil. It was officially recognized by the United Nations in 2008. Since then, WOD has been coordinated internationally by \u003ca href=\"http://www.theoceanproject.org/\">The Ocean Project \u003c/a>and the \u003ca href=\"http://www.worldoceannetwork.org/EN/page-AGIR_ENSEMBLE-Journ__e_Mondiale_de_l_Oc__an-5-20.htm\">World Ocean Network\u003c/a> with greater success and global participation each year. World Oceans Day is an opportunity every year to honor the world's ocean, to celebrate the all marine life.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>It's time to motivate change and let our leaders know that marine life and ecosystem are worth protecting, and they need our protection now. This summer, celebrate World Oceans Day and tell our representatives we need a sea change. With our partners from The Ocean Project, \u003ca href=\"http://seastewards.org/news/event\">Sea Stewards\u003c/a> will be coordinating a World Ocean Day Celebration at Crissy Field in San Francisco on June 11. We will be celebrating all marine life, especially sharks, and motivate people to protect the ocean and ocean life we love.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>37.7699 -122.467174\u003c/p>\n\n",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2009/06/world_oceans_day1.jpg\">\u003cimg class=\"alignleft size-thumbnail wp-image-2695\" title=\"world_oceans_day\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2009/06/world_oceans_day1-300x169.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"300\" height=\"169\">\u003c/a>In April, people across the USA and the world celebrated the beauty of nature, our rivers and mountains, and wildlife. The original Earth Day was inspired by founder \u003ca href=\"http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gaylord_Nelson\">Gaylord Nelson\u003c/a>, former U.S. Senator from Wisconsin, after witnessing the devastation of the 1969 massive oil spill in Santa Barbara, California. In that era of protests against war and social Injustice, millions rallied across the US to the first \u003ca href=\"http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Earth_Day\">Earth Day\u003c/a> to demand change. Rivers burning, mountains clear-cut and vanishing species enraged our citizens and they gathered en masse across the nation and demanded change. This public demonstration of love for nature led to the creation of the \u003ca href=\"http://www.epa.gov/\">Environmental Protection Agency\u003c/a> and the passage of the \u003ca href=\"http://www.epa.gov/air/caa/\">Clean Air\u003c/a>, \u003ca href=\"http://cfpub.epa.gov/npdes/cwa.cfm?program_id=45\">Clean Water\u003c/a>, and \u003ca href=\"http://www.fws.gov/laws/lawsdigest/esact.html\">Endangered Species Acts\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c!--more-->\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Forty years later the rivers are cleaner, millions of acres have been established as national parks and wilderness areas and over all the air quality has improved. But what about the other 71%? Over half our oxygen comes from the ocean. Fish feed millions and the beauty and complexity of marine life leave us in awe. Yet today, a year after the ravages in the Gulf from the \u003ca href=\"http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Deepwater_Horizon_oil_spill\">BP Oil spill\u003c/a>, 90% of large pelagic shark species are going extinct from overfishing and for their fins. Whales and seals have been hunted to a genetic bottle neck and are hunted still. The wolves of the sea, the bluefin tuna, are being fished to the vanishing point. While a thousand other insults are being inflicted on Mother Ocean, where is our outrage?\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>New oil wells are being considered along our coast while nuclear power plants hum along our shorelines vulnerable to Tsunami and earthquakes. Recent \u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/2011/04/24/toxic-algae-on-the-loose/\">die-offs of sardines\u003c/a> in southern California; emaciated and \u003ca href=\"http://articles.sfgate.com/2009-06-19/news/17210751_1_sea-lions-marine-mammal-center-young-sea\">sickly sea lions\u003c/a> along the coast, \u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/2009/05/12/producers-notes-californias-lost-salmon/\">vanishing salmon\u003c/a> and \u003ca href=\"http://www.mercurynews.com/san-mateo-county/ci_17913460?nclick_check=1\">stranded leopard sharks\u003c/a> in the San Francisco Bay are bellwethers reminding us that the ocean is sick.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The ocean needs our help.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cp>\u003cimg src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2011/06/EyeColorMap21.jpg\">\u003cbr>\n\u003cem>Just because a trait is dominant does not mean it is common. Each color represents different levels of light eyes. Blue=80%+, teal=50-79%, olive=20-49%, brown=1-19%, black=none. Image courtesy of \u003ca href=\"http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Light_eye_coloration_map.png\">Dark Tichondrias\u003c/a>\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>One of the first things we’re taught in genetics is that some traits are dominant and others are recessive. And that the dominant traits trump the recessive ones.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>So brown eyes trump blue eyes. And red hair is always trumped by other hair colors. And so on.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>From this, people often jump to the conclusion that the dominant trait is also the most common one. This isn’t always the case and there is no reason it should be.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Whether or not a trait is common has to do with how many copies of that gene version (or allele) are in the population. It has little or nothing to do with whether the trait is dominant or recessive.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Let’s take eye color as an example. The decision on whether to have brown eyes or not is pretty much controlled by a single gene, \u003ca href=\"http://www.thetech.org/genetics/news.php?id=76\">OCA2\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003caside class=\"alignright\">\u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/futureofyou/tag/genetics\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">More on genetics\u003c/a>\u003c/aside>\n\u003cp>We can think of OCA2 as having two versions, brown and not-brown. The brown allele of OCA2 is dominant over the not-brown allele.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Nearly everyone in most of Africa has brown eyes. This isn’t because brown eyes are dominant over blue and green. Instead, it is because there are mostly brown alleles of OCA2 in the African population.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Northern Europe is a different story. In some parts of the continent, over 80% of the population has lighter colored eyes. Here the not-brown allele is more common even though it is recessive.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Now this allele isn’t exclusive, there are still brown-eyed folks in northern Europe. So why don’t their brown eyes dominate over time? Because in populations, dominant isn’t dominant over other people’s recessive gene versions. Your brown eyes can’t affect my kids’ eye color unless we get married.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Let’s do a thought experiment to make this clearer. To simplify things we’ll call brown eyes B and not-brown eyes b.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cimg src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2011/06/AlleleGeneration.jpg\">\u003cbr>\n\u003cem>Without some sort of outside pressure, the ratio of blue to brown eyes stays the same.\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Remember, you will have brown eyes if you are BB or Bb and blue or green if you are bb. This is because brown (B) is dominant over blue and green (b).\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Imagine we start out with eleven bb people and one Bb person. The Bb person has 4 kids with one of the bb folks and each bb couple also has 4 kids.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Using regular old Mendelian genetics, we'll have 20 bb people from our 5 bb couples and 2 Bb and 2 bb from our mixed couple. This is 2 people with brown eyes and 22 people with blue or green. The same ratio as we started with. Brown did not become more common.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Now these folks all pair up randomly and have 4 kids each. Since we aren't going to allow incest, the Bb folks will find a bb for a mate. If they have 4 kids each, then we have 44 bb and 4 Bb. Again the same eleven blue to one brown ratio. Whether an allele is dominant or not does not affect how common a trait is.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Now of course traits can \u003ca href=\"http://www.thetech.org/genetics/ask.php?id=411\">become more common\u003c/a> over time. The changes just don’t have anything to do with whether the trait is dominant or not.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>If brown eyes gave an advantage, then it would start to become more common. Brown eyes would also become more common if a bunch of Africans moved in or many of the blue-eyed people were killed for some reason (witch burning?). And there are other ways too of getting more brown eyes in Europe. Or more blue eyes in Africa (see South Africa for example).\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Dominant does not mean common. Which in some ways is a good thing considering diseases like Huntington’s disease that are dominant.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"http://www.thetech.org/genetics/ask.php?id=227\">Why some gene versions are dominant and some are recessive.\u003c/a>\u003c/p>\n\n",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>\u003cimg src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2011/06/EyeColorMap21.jpg\">\u003cbr>\n\u003cem>Just because a trait is dominant does not mean it is common. Each color represents different levels of light eyes. Blue=80%+, teal=50-79%, olive=20-49%, brown=1-19%, black=none. Image courtesy of \u003ca href=\"http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Light_eye_coloration_map.png\">Dark Tichondrias\u003c/a>\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>One of the first things we’re taught in genetics is that some traits are dominant and others are recessive. And that the dominant traits trump the recessive ones.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>So brown eyes trump blue eyes. And red hair is always trumped by other hair colors. And so on.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>From this, people often jump to the conclusion that the dominant trait is also the most common one. This isn’t always the case and there is no reason it should be.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Whether or not a trait is common has to do with how many copies of that gene version (or allele) are in the population. It has little or nothing to do with whether the trait is dominant or recessive.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Let’s take eye color as an example. The decision on whether to have brown eyes or not is pretty much controlled by a single gene, \u003ca href=\"http://www.thetech.org/genetics/news.php?id=76\">OCA2\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003caside class=\"alignright\">\u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/futureofyou/tag/genetics\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">More on genetics\u003c/a>\u003c/aside>\n\u003cp>We can think of OCA2 as having two versions, brown and not-brown. The brown allele of OCA2 is dominant over the not-brown allele.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Nearly everyone in most of Africa has brown eyes. This isn’t because brown eyes are dominant over blue and green. Instead, it is because there are mostly brown alleles of OCA2 in the African population.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Northern Europe is a different story. In some parts of the continent, over 80% of the population has lighter colored eyes. Here the not-brown allele is more common even though it is recessive.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Now this allele isn’t exclusive, there are still brown-eyed folks in northern Europe. So why don’t their brown eyes dominate over time? Because in populations, dominant isn’t dominant over other people’s recessive gene versions. Your brown eyes can’t affect my kids’ eye color unless we get married.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Let’s do a thought experiment to make this clearer. To simplify things we’ll call brown eyes B and not-brown eyes b.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cimg src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2011/06/AlleleGeneration.jpg\">\u003cbr>\n\u003cem>Without some sort of outside pressure, the ratio of blue to brown eyes stays the same.\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Remember, you will have brown eyes if you are BB or Bb and blue or green if you are bb. This is because brown (B) is dominant over blue and green (b).\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Imagine we start out with eleven bb people and one Bb person. The Bb person has 4 kids with one of the bb folks and each bb couple also has 4 kids.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Using regular old Mendelian genetics, we'll have 20 bb people from our 5 bb couples and 2 Bb and 2 bb from our mixed couple. This is 2 people with brown eyes and 22 people with blue or green. The same ratio as we started with. Brown did not become more common.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Now these folks all pair up randomly and have 4 kids each. Since we aren't going to allow incest, the Bb folks will find a bb for a mate. If they have 4 kids each, then we have 44 bb and 4 Bb. Again the same eleven blue to one brown ratio. Whether an allele is dominant or not does not affect how common a trait is.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Now of course traits can \u003ca href=\"http://www.thetech.org/genetics/ask.php?id=411\">become more common\u003c/a> over time. The changes just don’t have anything to do with whether the trait is dominant or not.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>If brown eyes gave an advantage, then it would start to become more common. Brown eyes would also become more common if a bunch of Africans moved in or many of the blue-eyed people were killed for some reason (witch burning?). And there are other ways too of getting more brown eyes in Europe. Or more blue eyes in Africa (see South Africa for example).\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Dominant does not mean common. Which in some ways is a good thing considering diseases like Huntington’s disease that are dominant.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"http://www.thetech.org/genetics/ask.php?id=227\">Why some gene versions are dominant and some are recessive.\u003c/a>\u003c/p>\n\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>",
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"title": "Producer's Notes - Science on the SPOT: Lupe the Mammoth Comes to Life",
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"content": "\u003cp>\u003cspan class=\"left\">\u003ca href=\"http://www.kqed.org/quest\">\u003cimg decoding=\"async\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2011/05/Mammoth3001.jpg\" alt=\"\">\u003c/a>\u003cem>A replica of “Lupe the Mammoth”. The bones of this juvenile Columbian mammoth were found along the Guadalupe River.\u003c/em>\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“This has been my first experience working with the \u003ca href=\"http://www.cdm.org\">Children’s Discovery Museum\u003c/a>, or any other museum, in developing an exhibit,” says \u003ca href=\"http://www.ucmp.berkeley.edu/about/profile.php?lastname=Maguire&firstname=Kaitlin+Clare\">Kaitlin Maguire\u003c/a>, graduate student at the \u003ca href=\"http://www.ucmp.berkeley.edu/\">UC Museum of Paleontology\u003c/a>. \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>She’s been working with the Children’s Discovery Museum (CDM), for the past two years as a consultant for their upcoming exhibit, \u003ca href=\"http://www.cdm.org/mammoth/teaser.asp\">\u003cem>Mammoth Discovery!\u003c/em>\u003c/a>, that opens on Saturday, June 11th. The exhibit features a replica of the full skeleton of a juvenile Columbian mammoth, Lupe, named after the Guadalupe River \u003ca href=\"http://www.ucmp.berkeley.edu/mammal/mammoth/\">where she was found\u003c/a>. \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c!--more-->\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“I was brought in to provide the content about mammoths and the \u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/video/ice-age-bay-area2\">history of San Jose during the Ice Age\u003c/a>. And so my role has been providing information to the staff here so that they could create the exhibits. That includes little things like what was the vegetation like during the \u003ca href=\"http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pleistocene\">Pleistocene\u003c/a> to how old Lupe was, how big [she] was. And also helping with brainstorming to fabrication.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Kaitlin also led the staff on three trips to give them an idea of how a paleontologist works in the field.Two of the excursions spanned the coast from San Francisco to Santa Cruz, where they examined invertebrate fossils, such as shells, and also vertebrate fossils, such as whales and seals and sea lions. They also traveled to Del Puerto Canyon for their third field trip, where they studied terrestrial deposits, or land deposits, that contained fish and plant material. “On each of these field trips, I showed the staff the tools that I use: hammers, picks, notebooks. I also taught them the geology of the area, so they understood the rocks that they were looking at. And I taught them about the animals that they were looking at. In addition, I showed them the proper way to collect a fossil, proper way to document it. Basically everything from start to finish.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>She’s learned quite a lot from her experiences of working with CDM. “It’s been an incredible experience to understand how an exhibit is built from the brainstorming phase all the way through to fabrication, and the amount of thought to detail, the amount of testing that’s required. I will never go to a museum again and not think twice about the amount of work that went behind building that exhibit. I also have a really, a great appreciation for this museum in keeping everything accurate and unique and true to the story that this mammoth provides us and really staying true to the evidence that is provided by the mammoth and creating a wonderful experience for the children.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Watch “Science on the SPOT: Lupe the Mammoth Comes to Life” on \u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/video/lupe-the-mammoth-comes-to-life\">QUEST\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cobject type=\"application/x-shockwave-flash\" codebase=\"http://download.macromedia.com/pub/shockwave/cabs/flash/swflash.cab#version=7,0,19,0\" classid=\"D27CDB6E-AE6D-11cf-96B8-\n<br /><a href=\" http:>QUEST on \u003ca href=\"http://www.kqed.org/\">KQED\u003c/a> Public Media.\u003c/object>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Note: In the video, Kaitlin says Lupe is between 2-3 years old. To clarify, “She’s older than 2 or 3 years old but probably not older than 10. Paleontologists are not sure of her exact age but do know that she was a juvenile.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp> 37.3272226 -121.8931137\u003c/p>\n\n",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Kaitlin also led the staff on three trips to give them an idea of how a paleontologist works in the field.Two of the excursions spanned the coast from San Francisco to Santa Cruz, where they examined invertebrate fossils, such as shells, and also vertebrate fossils, such as whales and seals and sea lions. They also traveled to Del Puerto Canyon for their third field trip, where they studied terrestrial deposits, or land deposits, that contained fish and plant material. “On each of these field trips, I showed the staff the tools that I use: hammers, picks, notebooks. I also taught them the geology of the area, so they understood the rocks that they were looking at. And I taught them about the animals that they were looking at. In addition, I showed them the proper way to collect a fossil, proper way to document it. Basically everything from start to finish.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>She’s learned quite a lot from her experiences of working with CDM. “It’s been an incredible experience to understand how an exhibit is built from the brainstorming phase all the way through to fabrication, and the amount of thought to detail, the amount of testing that’s required. I will never go to a museum again and not think twice about the amount of work that went behind building that exhibit. I also have a really, a great appreciation for this museum in keeping everything accurate and unique and true to the story that this mammoth provides us and really staying true to the evidence that is provided by the mammoth and creating a wonderful experience for the children.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Watch “Science on the SPOT: Lupe the Mammoth Comes to Life” on \u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/video/lupe-the-mammoth-comes-to-life\">QUEST\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cobject type=\"application/x-shockwave-flash\" codebase=\"http://download.macromedia.com/pub/shockwave/cabs/flash/swflash.cab#version=7,0,19,0\" classid=\"D27CDB6E-AE6D-11cf-96B8-\n<br /><a href=\" http:>QUEST on \u003ca href=\"http://www.kqed.org/\">KQED\u003c/a> Public Media.\u003c/object>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Note: In the video, Kaitlin says Lupe is between 2-3 years old. To clarify, “She’s older than 2 or 3 years old but probably not older than 10. Paleontologists are not sure of her exact age but do know that she was a juvenile.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp> 37.3272226 -121.8931137\u003c/p>\n\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>",
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"order": 1
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"id": "code-switch-life-kit",
"title": "Code Switch / Life Kit",
"info": "\u003cem>Code Switch\u003c/em>, which listeners will hear in the first part of the hour, has fearless and much-needed conversations about race. Hosted by journalists of color, the show tackles the subject of race head-on, exploring how it impacts every part of society — from politics and pop culture to history, sports and more.\u003cbr />\u003cbr />\u003cem>Life Kit\u003c/em>, which will be in the second part of the hour, guides you through spaces and feelings no one prepares you for — from finances to mental health, from workplace microaggressions to imposter syndrome, from relationships to parenting. The show features experts with real world experience and shares their knowledge. Because everyone needs a little help being human.\u003cbr />\u003cbr />\u003ca href=\"https://www.npr.org/podcasts/510312/codeswitch\">\u003cem>Code Switch\u003c/em> offical site and podcast\u003c/a>\u003cbr />\u003ca href=\"https://www.npr.org/lifekit\">\u003cem>Life Kit\u003c/em> offical site and podcast\u003c/a>\u003cbr />",
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"meta": {
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"id": "commonwealth-club",
"title": "Commonwealth Club of California Podcast",
"info": "The Commonwealth Club of California is the nation's oldest and largest public affairs forum. As a non-partisan forum, The Club brings to the public airwaves diverse viewpoints on important topics. The Club's weekly radio broadcast - the oldest in the U.S., dating back to 1924 - is carried across the nation on public radio stations and is now podcasting. Our website archive features audio of our recent programs, as well as selected speeches from our long and distinguished history. This podcast feed is usually updated twice a week and is always un-edited.",
"airtime": "THU 10pm, FRI 1am",
"imageSrc": "https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/04/Commonwealth-Club-Podcast-Tile-360x360-1.jpg",
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"meta": {
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"source": "Commonwealth Club of California"
},
"link": "/radio/program/commonwealth-club",
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"google": "https://podcasts.google.com/feed/aHR0cDovL3d3dy5jb21tb253ZWFsdGhjbHViLm9yZy9hdWRpby9wb2RjYXN0L3dlZWtseS54bWw",
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},
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"id": "forum",
"title": "Forum",
"tagline": "The conversation starts here",
"info": "KQED’s live call-in program discussing local, state, national and international issues, as well as in-depth interviews.",
"airtime": "MON-FRI 9am-11am, 10pm-11pm",
"imageSrc": "https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/04/Forum-Podcast-Tile-703x703-1.jpg",
"imageAlt": "KQED Forum with Mina Kim and Alexis Madrigal",
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"order": 9
},
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"google": "https://podcasts.google.com/feed/aHR0cHM6Ly9mZWVkcy5tZWdhcGhvbmUuZm0vS1FJTkM5NTU3MzgxNjMz",
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"id": "freakonomics-radio",
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"officialWebsiteLink": "http://freakonomics.com/",
"airtime": "SUN 1am-2am, SAT 3pm-4pm",
"meta": {
"site": "radio",
"source": "WNYC"
},
"link": "/radio/program/freakonomics-radio",
"subscribe": {
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"apple": "https://itunes.apple.com/us/podcast/freakonomics-radio/id354668519",
"tuneIn": "https://tunein.com/podcasts/WNYC-Podcasts/Freakonomics-Radio-p272293/",
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},
"fresh-air": {
"id": "fresh-air",
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"info": "Hosted by Terry Gross, \u003cem>Fresh Air from WHYY\u003c/em> is the Peabody Award-winning weekday magazine of contemporary arts and issues. One of public radio's most popular programs, Fresh Air features intimate conversations with today's biggest luminaries.",
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"meta": {
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"link": "/radio/program/fresh-air",
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"apple": "https://itunes.apple.com/WebObjects/MZStore.woa/wa/viewPodcast?s=143441&mt=2&id=214089682&at=11l79Y&ct=nprdirectory",
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"info": "A live production of NPR and WBUR Boston, in collaboration with stations across the country, Here & Now reflects the fluid world of news as it's happening in the middle of the day, with timely, in-depth news, interviews and conversation. Hosted by Robin Young, Jeremy Hobson and Tonya Mosley.",
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"rss": "https://feeds.npr.org/510051/podcast.xml"
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},
"hidden-brain": {
"id": "hidden-brain",
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"info": "Shankar Vedantam uses science and storytelling to reveal the unconscious patterns that drive human behavior, shape our choices and direct our relationships.",
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"airtime": "SUN 7pm-8pm",
"meta": {
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"source": "NPR"
},
"link": "/radio/program/hidden-brain",
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},
"how-i-built-this": {
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"title": "How I Built This with Guy Raz",
"info": "Guy Raz dives into the stories behind some of the world's best known companies. How I Built This weaves a narrative journey about innovators, entrepreneurs and idealists—and the movements they built.",
"imageSrc": "https://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2018/05/howIBuiltThis.png",
"officialWebsiteLink": "https://www.npr.org/podcasts/510313/how-i-built-this",
"airtime": "SUN 7:30pm-8pm",
"meta": {
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},
"link": "/radio/program/how-i-built-this",
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"apple": "https://itunes.apple.com/us/podcast/how-i-built-this-with-guy-raz/id1150510297?mt=2",
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"hyphenacion": {
"id": "hyphenacion",
"title": "Hyphenación",
"tagline": "Where conversation and cultura meet",
"info": "What kind of no sabo word is Hyphenación? For us, it’s about living within a hyphenation. Like being a third-gen Mexican-American from the Texas border now living that Bay Area Chicano life. Like Xorje! Each week we bring together a couple of hyphenated Latinos to talk all about personal life choices: family, careers, relationships, belonging … everything is on the table. ",
"imageSrc": "https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2025/03/Hyphenacion_FinalAssets_PodcastTile.png",
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"officialWebsiteLink": "/podcasts/hyphenacion",
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"order": 15
},
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},
"jerrybrown": {
"id": "jerrybrown",
"title": "The Political Mind of Jerry Brown",
"tagline": "Lessons from a lifetime in politics",
"info": "The Political Mind of Jerry Brown brings listeners the wisdom of the former Governor, Mayor, and presidential candidate. Scott Shafer interviewed Brown for more than 40 hours, covering the former governor's life and half-century in the political game – and Brown has some lessons he'd like to share. ",
"imageSrc": "https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/04/The-Political-Mind-of-Jerry-Brown-Podcast-Tile-703x703-1.jpg",
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"officialWebsiteLink": "/podcasts/jerrybrown",
"meta": {
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"order": 18
},
"link": "/podcasts/jerrybrown",
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},
"latino-usa": {
"id": "latino-usa",
"title": "Latino USA",
"airtime": "MON 1am-2am, SUN 6pm-7pm",
"info": "Latino USA, the radio journal of news and culture, is the only national, English-language radio program produced from a Latino perspective.",
"imageSrc": "https://ww2.kqed.org/radio/wp-content/uploads/sites/50/2018/04/latinoUsa.jpg",
"officialWebsiteLink": "http://latinousa.org/",
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"link": "/radio/program/latino-usa",
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"apple": "https://itunes.apple.com/WebObjects/MZStore.woa/wa/viewPodcast?s=143441&mt=2&id=79681317&at=11l79Y&ct=nprdirectory",
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"rss": "https://feeds.npr.org/510016/podcast.xml"
}
},
"marketplace": {
"id": "marketplace",
"title": "Marketplace",
"info": "Our flagship program, helmed by Kai Ryssdal, examines what the day in money delivered, through stories, conversations, newsworthy numbers and more. Updated Monday through Friday at about 3:30 p.m. PT.",
"airtime": "MON-FRI 4pm-4:30pm, MON-WED 6:30pm-7pm",
"imageSrc": "https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/04/Marketplace-Podcast-Tile-360x360-1.jpg",
"officialWebsiteLink": "https://www.marketplace.org/",
"meta": {
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"source": "American Public Media"
},
"link": "/radio/program/marketplace",
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},
"masters-of-scale": {
"id": "masters-of-scale",
"title": "Masters of Scale",
"info": "Masters of Scale is an original podcast in which LinkedIn co-founder and Greylock Partner Reid Hoffman sets out to describe and prove theories that explain how great entrepreneurs take their companies from zero to a gazillion in ingenious fashion.",
"airtime": "Every other Wednesday June 12 through October 16 at 8pm (repeats Thursdays at 2am)",
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"officialWebsiteLink": "https://mastersofscale.com/",
"meta": {
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"source": "WaitWhat"
},
"link": "/radio/program/masters-of-scale",
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"apple": "http://mastersofscale.app.link/",
"rss": "https://rss.art19.com/masters-of-scale"
}
},
"mindshift": {
"id": "mindshift",
"title": "MindShift",
"tagline": "A podcast about the future of learning and how we raise our kids",
"info": "The MindShift podcast explores the innovations in education that are shaping how kids learn. Hosts Ki Sung and Katrina Schwartz introduce listeners to educators, researchers, parents and students who are developing effective ways to improve how kids learn. We cover topics like how fed-up administrators are developing surprising tactics to deal with classroom disruptions; how listening to podcasts are helping kids develop reading skills; the consequences of overparenting; and why interdisciplinary learning can engage students on all ends of the traditional achievement spectrum. This podcast is part of the MindShift education site, a division of KQED News. KQED is an NPR/PBS member station based in San Francisco. You can also visit the MindShift website for episodes and supplemental blog posts or tweet us \u003ca href=\"https://twitter.com/MindShiftKQED\">@MindShiftKQED\u003c/a> or visit us at \u003ca href=\"/mindshift\">MindShift.KQED.org\u003c/a>",
"imageSrc": "https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/04/Mindshift-Podcast-Tile-703x703-1.jpg",
"imageAlt": "KQED MindShift: How We Will Learn",
"officialWebsiteLink": "/mindshift/",
"meta": {
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"source": "kqed",
"order": 12
},
"link": "/podcasts/mindshift",
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"google": "https://podcasts.google.com/feed/aHR0cHM6Ly9mZWVkcy5tZWdhcGhvbmUuZm0vS1FJTkM1NzY0NjAwNDI5",
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}
},
"morning-edition": {
"id": "morning-edition",
"title": "Morning Edition",
"info": "\u003cem>Morning Edition\u003c/em> takes listeners around the country and the world with multi-faceted stories and commentaries every weekday. Hosts Steve Inskeep, David Greene and Rachel Martin bring you the latest breaking news and features to prepare you for the day.",
"airtime": "MON-FRI 3am-9am",
"imageSrc": "https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/04/Morning-Edition-Podcast-Tile-360x360-1.jpg",
"officialWebsiteLink": "https://www.npr.org/programs/morning-edition/",
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"link": "/radio/program/morning-edition"
},
"onourwatch": {
"id": "onourwatch",
"title": "On Our Watch",
"tagline": "Deeply-reported investigative journalism",
"info": "For decades, the process for how police police themselves has been inconsistent – if not opaque. In some states, like California, these proceedings were completely hidden. After a new police transparency law unsealed scores of internal affairs files, our reporters set out to examine these cases and the shadow world of police discipline. On Our Watch brings listeners into the rooms where officers are questioned and witnesses are interrogated to find out who this system is really protecting. Is it the officers, or the public they've sworn to serve?",
"imageSrc": "https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/04/On-Our-Watch-Podcast-Tile-703x703-1.jpg",
"imageAlt": "On Our Watch from NPR and KQED",
"officialWebsiteLink": "/podcasts/onourwatch",
"meta": {
"site": "news",
"source": "kqed",
"order": 11
},
"link": "/podcasts/onourwatch",
"subscribe": {
"apple": "https://podcasts.apple.com/podcast/id1567098962",
"google": "https://podcasts.google.com/feed/aHR0cHM6Ly9mZWVkcy5ucHIub3JnLzUxMDM2MC9wb2RjYXN0LnhtbD9zYz1nb29nbGVwb2RjYXN0cw",
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"stitcher": "https://www.stitcher.com/show/on-our-watch",
"rss": "https://feeds.npr.org/510360/podcast.xml"
}
},
"on-the-media": {
"id": "on-the-media",
"title": "On The Media",
"info": "Our weekly podcast explores how the media 'sausage' is made, casts an incisive eye on fluctuations in the marketplace of ideas, and examines threats to the freedom of information and expression in America and abroad. For one hour a week, the show tries to lift the veil from the process of \"making media,\" especially news media, because it's through that lens that we see the world and the world sees us",
"airtime": "SUN 2pm-3pm, MON 12am-1am",
"imageSrc": "https://ww2.kqed.org/radio/wp-content/uploads/sites/50/2018/04/onTheMedia.png",
"officialWebsiteLink": "https://www.wnycstudios.org/shows/otm",
"meta": {
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"source": "wnyc"
},
"link": "/radio/program/on-the-media",
"subscribe": {
"apple": "https://itunes.apple.com/us/podcast/on-the-media/id73330715?mt=2",
"tuneIn": "https://tunein.com/radio/On-the-Media-p69/",
"rss": "http://feeds.wnyc.org/onthemedia"
}
},
"pbs-newshour": {
"id": "pbs-newshour",
"title": "PBS NewsHour",
"info": "Analysis, background reports and updates from the PBS NewsHour putting today's news in context.",
"airtime": "MON-FRI 3pm-4pm",
"imageSrc": "https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/04/PBS-News-Hour-Podcast-Tile-360x360-1.jpg",
"officialWebsiteLink": "https://www.pbs.org/newshour/",
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"source": "pbs"
},
"link": "/radio/program/pbs-newshour",
"subscribe": {
"apple": "https://itunes.apple.com/us/podcast/pbs-newshour-full-show/id394432287?mt=2",
"tuneIn": "https://tunein.com/radio/PBS-NewsHour---Full-Show-p425698/",
"rss": "https://www.pbs.org/newshour/feeds/rss/podcasts/show"
}
},
"perspectives": {
"id": "perspectives",
"title": "Perspectives",
"tagline": "KQED's series of daily listener commentaries since 1991",
"info": "KQED's series of daily listener commentaries since 1991.",
"imageSrc": "https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2025/01/Perspectives_Tile_Final.jpg",
"imageAlt": "KQED Perspectives",
"officialWebsiteLink": "/perspectives/",
"meta": {
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"source": "kqed",
"order": 14
},
"link": "/perspectives",
"subscribe": {
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"npr": "https://www.npr.org/podcasts/432309616/perspectives",
"rss": "https://ww2.kqed.org/perspectives/category/perspectives/feed/",
"google": "https://podcasts.google.com/feed/aHR0cHM6Ly93dzIua3FlZC5vcmcvcGVyc3BlY3RpdmVzL2NhdGVnb3J5L3BlcnNwZWN0aXZlcy9mZWVkLw"
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},
"planet-money": {
"id": "planet-money",
"title": "Planet Money",
"info": "The economy explained. Imagine you could call up a friend and say, Meet me at the bar and tell me what's going on with the economy. Now imagine that's actually a fun evening.",
"airtime": "SUN 3pm-4pm",
"imageSrc": "https://ww2.kqed.org/radio/wp-content/uploads/sites/50/2018/04/planetmoney.jpg",
"officialWebsiteLink": "https://www.npr.org/sections/money/",
"meta": {
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"source": "npr"
},
"link": "/radio/program/planet-money",
"subscribe": {
"npr": "https://rpb3r.app.goo.gl/M4f5",
"apple": "https://itunes.apple.com/us/podcast/planet-money/id290783428?mt=2",
"tuneIn": "https://tunein.com/podcasts/Business--Economics-Podcasts/Planet-Money-p164680/",
"rss": "https://feeds.npr.org/510289/podcast.xml"
}
},
"politicalbreakdown": {
"id": "politicalbreakdown",
"title": "Political Breakdown",
"tagline": "Politics from a personal perspective",
"info": "Political Breakdown is a new series that explores the political intersection of California and the nation. Each week hosts Scott Shafer and Marisa Lagos are joined with a new special guest to unpack politics -- with personality — and offer an insider’s glimpse at how politics happens.",
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