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"content": "\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/news/tag/stanford-university\">Stanford University\u003c/a> is planning to review and potentially modify or suspend programs focused on promoting diversity, equity and inclusion a few days after President Trump signed an executive order\u003ca href=\"https://www.npr.org/2025/01/23/nx-s1-5271588/trump-dei-diversity-equity-inclusion-federal-workers-government\"> targeting DEI initiatives\u003c/a> in universities.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“We’re going to need to review programs on campus that fall under the DEI heading, and it’s likely that some will need to be modified or sunsetted,” Stanford President Jonathan Levin said during a Faculty Senate meeting on Thursday, according to the university’s official news site.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"https://www.whitehouse.gov/presidential-actions/2025/01/ending-illegal-discrimination-and-restoring-merit-based-opportunity/\">Trump’s order\u003c/a> calls on federal agencies to investigate schools that allegedly promote “illegal DEI discrimination” and directs officials to look specifically into universities with endowments of over $1 billion — Stanford’s endowment in 2023 was over $36 billion. The order also calls on the attorney general and the secretary of education to provide universities with guidance on how to comply with the regulations.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Sophie Walton, a graduate student who is involved in DEI initiatives on campus, said Stanford’s announcement has resulted in a lot of confusion and anxiety in students. Walton said some of her peers are worried about federal funding cuts and whether their programs or research could be jeopardized.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Walton said she doesn’t know why Stanford decided to make a statement so soon. Some of Trump’s executive orders have already been challenged in court, and no enforcement mechanisms have been introduced for the ones that have not been, Walton said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“It’s very disappointing to see that Stanford is already acting to comply with the executive order instead of waiting until we get more information about what’s going on,” Walton said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11956028\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 2000px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-full wp-image-11956028\" src=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2023/07/230719-STANFORD-GETTY-DM-KQED.jpg\" alt=\"An ornate sandstone colored building with a series of arches sitting on a brick plaza.\" width=\"2000\" height=\"1320\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2023/07/230719-STANFORD-GETTY-DM-KQED.jpg 2000w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2023/07/230719-STANFORD-GETTY-DM-KQED-800x528.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2023/07/230719-STANFORD-GETTY-DM-KQED-1020x673.jpg 1020w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2023/07/230719-STANFORD-GETTY-DM-KQED-160x106.jpg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2023/07/230719-STANFORD-GETTY-DM-KQED-1536x1014.jpg 1536w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2023/07/230719-STANFORD-GETTY-DM-KQED-1920x1267.jpg 1920w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 2000px) 100vw, 2000px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">The arches of the Main Quadrangle buildings on the campus of Stanford University in Palo Alto on Oct. 2, 2021. \u003ccite>(David Madison/Getty Images)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>DEI initiatives have come under fire in the past, Walton said in reference to \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/news/11966391/how-the-end-of-affirmative-action-is-changing-college-admissions\">the crackdown on affirmative action\u003c/a> in 2023 that prohibited schools from making race-based considerations during admissions. Students of color and women still face barriers to success at Stanford, and programs that foster inclusive environments are critical to combatting those obstacles, she added.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Walton, who works with the graduate student union to address issues of discrimination, said programs that uphold DEI practices make the campus environment more welcoming and safe for everyone. She said some of these practices include providing students and faculty with recourse in the case of discrimination.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Other policies are more geared toward ensuring that every student has the opportunity to excel in the field of their choice regardless of background, she said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[aside postID=news_12024188 hero='https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2025/01/20250123_SonomaStateFile_GC-40-1020x680.jpg']\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Trump’s language often focuses on meritocracy, this magical vision of meritocracy, and that is often coded for racism and misogyny,” Walton continued. “It’s the opposite of meritocracy when you eliminate DEI programs. … The point of many of these programs is to make sure that people are able to experience Stanford to the full extent of their abilities.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>While the initiative that Walton is involved in has not yet been affected by the order, she said the possibility is there.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The university has not made any official statements on which programs will be under consideration, but a review group is being convened.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“The university is not meant to be a small ship tacking wildly because of the changes in the political winds,” Levin said during the Faculty Senate meeting. “The university has an enduring purpose to foster knowledge and to educate students, and that purpose is not fundamentally political. It’s intended to endure through political changes.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Should federal agencies begin to enforce Trump’s directive, Walton said there are ways for universities such as Stanford to work around the order. Explicitly inclusive language could be reworded to instead focus on finding “unique perspectives” and hard workers, she said, as one way of appeasing federal officials while still protecting DEI efforts.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>KQED’s \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/author/shossaini\">Sara Hossaini\u003c/a> contributed to this report.\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Walton said she doesn’t know why Stanford decided to make a statement so soon. Some of Trump’s executive orders have already been challenged in court, and no enforcement mechanisms have been introduced for the ones that have not been, Walton said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“It’s very disappointing to see that Stanford is already acting to comply with the executive order instead of waiting until we get more information about what’s going on,” Walton said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11956028\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 2000px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-full wp-image-11956028\" src=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2023/07/230719-STANFORD-GETTY-DM-KQED.jpg\" alt=\"An ornate sandstone colored building with a series of arches sitting on a brick plaza.\" width=\"2000\" height=\"1320\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2023/07/230719-STANFORD-GETTY-DM-KQED.jpg 2000w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2023/07/230719-STANFORD-GETTY-DM-KQED-800x528.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2023/07/230719-STANFORD-GETTY-DM-KQED-1020x673.jpg 1020w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2023/07/230719-STANFORD-GETTY-DM-KQED-160x106.jpg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2023/07/230719-STANFORD-GETTY-DM-KQED-1536x1014.jpg 1536w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2023/07/230719-STANFORD-GETTY-DM-KQED-1920x1267.jpg 1920w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 2000px) 100vw, 2000px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">The arches of the Main Quadrangle buildings on the campus of Stanford University in Palo Alto on Oct. 2, 2021. \u003ccite>(David Madison/Getty Images)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>DEI initiatives have come under fire in the past, Walton said in reference to \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/news/11966391/how-the-end-of-affirmative-action-is-changing-college-admissions\">the crackdown on affirmative action\u003c/a> in 2023 that prohibited schools from making race-based considerations during admissions. Students of color and women still face barriers to success at Stanford, and programs that foster inclusive environments are critical to combatting those obstacles, she added.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Walton, who works with the graduate student union to address issues of discrimination, said programs that uphold DEI practices make the campus environment more welcoming and safe for everyone. She said some of these practices include providing students and faculty with recourse in the case of discrimination.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Other policies are more geared toward ensuring that every student has the opportunity to excel in the field of their choice regardless of background, she said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Trump’s language often focuses on meritocracy, this magical vision of meritocracy, and that is often coded for racism and misogyny,” Walton continued. “It’s the opposite of meritocracy when you eliminate DEI programs. … The point of many of these programs is to make sure that people are able to experience Stanford to the full extent of their abilities.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>While the initiative that Walton is involved in has not yet been affected by the order, she said the possibility is there.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The university has not made any official statements on which programs will be under consideration, but a review group is being convened.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“The university is not meant to be a small ship tacking wildly because of the changes in the political winds,” Levin said during the Faculty Senate meeting. “The university has an enduring purpose to foster knowledge and to educate students, and that purpose is not fundamentally political. It’s intended to endure through political changes.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Should federal agencies begin to enforce Trump’s directive, Walton said there are ways for universities such as Stanford to work around the order. Explicitly inclusive language could be reworded to instead focus on finding “unique perspectives” and hard workers, she said, as one way of appeasing federal officials while still protecting DEI efforts.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>KQED’s \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/author/shossaini\">Sara Hossaini\u003c/a> contributed to this report.\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>",
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"content": "\u003cp>More than seven months after a \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/news/11989520/stanford-student-newspaper-editors-call-for-charges-against-reporter-to-be-dropped\">former Stanford University student journalist was arrested\u003c/a> while covering a pro-Palestinian protest, the school confirmed it would not discipline him.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The news comes as a relief to the student, Dilan Gohill, though top university officials have not walked back previous statements supporting the criminal prosecution of Gohill in Santa Clara County.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“I think that the university realized that punishing a journalist for doing their job was probably not a great idea for an institution of higher learning,” Max Szabo, an attorney and a spokesperson for Gohill, said about the discipline decision.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“But I have to say, we’re still a little troubled by the fact that the university hasn’t come out and very clearly and unequivocally called on the district attorney not to pursue criminal actions,” Szabo continued.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Gohill was \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/news/11989050/pro-palestinian-stanford-protesters-detained-after-occupying-presidents-office\">one of 13 people arrested\u003c/a> on June 5 when protesters broke into the president’s office and barricaded themselves inside before law enforcement later entered and removed them. Gohill, who was reporting on the incident for The Stanford Daily, was booked into Santa Clara County Main Jail on charges of burglary, vandalism and conspiracy.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The Bay Area-based First Amendment Coalition and the Virginia-based Student Press Law Center \u003ca href=\"https://splc.org/2025/01/splc-fac-urge-stanford-to-call-for-da-to-decline-charges-against-student-journalist/\">received a letter\u003c/a> from Stanford President Jonathan Levin on Monday that said the school’s disciplinary process regarding Gohill “is complete and resulted in no disciplinary action.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>KQED News obtained a copy of the letter. \u003cem>The San Francisco Chronicle\u003c/em> \u003ca href=\"https://www.sfchronicle.com/bayarea/article/stanford-drops-case-against-student-journalist-20047810.php\">first reported\u003c/a> the development on Wednesday. Levin was replying to a \u003ca href=\"https://firstamendmentcoalition.org/2025/01/17/fac-splc-urge-stanford-president-to-decline-charges-against-student-journalist-dilan-gohill/\">Jan. 17 letter\u003c/a> from the two press freedom organizations, which have advocated for \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/news/11991389/press-freedom-groups-want-charges-dropped-against-stanford-student-journalist\">ending all disciplinary and legal action against Gohill\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Because of the university’s disappointing and very public role in this ordeal, we request that you publicly confirm that Gohill will face no university disciplinary action and that you urge the Santa Clara District Attorney’s Office not to pursue charges against him,” the letter to Levin said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Gohill has also received support from \u003cem>The Stanford Daily\u003c/em> editors and school \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/news/12018109/stanford-student-reporters-fate-still-in-limbo-months-after-arrest-at-protest\">alumni groups\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The school’s previous president, Richard Saller, and Provost Jenny Martinez, said in a June 10 \u003ca href=\"https://news.stanford.edu/stories/2024/06/university-statement-on-stanford-daily-students-arrested-on-june-5\">statement\u003c/a> that they believe Gohill “acted in violation of the law and university policies and fully support having him be criminally prosecuted and referred to Stanford’s Office of Community Standards along with the other students.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>However, in his response to advocates backing Gohill this week, Levin said he’d leave the judgment of whether to prosecute Gohill up to the Santa Clara County district attorney.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Jean-Paul Jassy, an attorney for Gohill, said Stanford’s actions don’t make any sense.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“They should be saying, ‘We were wrong, we never should have encouraged the district attorney to pursue any prosecution against Dilan,’” Jassy said. “Why wouldn’t they say that? They don’t even think that they have grounds for discipline, and they think that there could be a crime proven beyond a reasonable doubt?”[aside postID=news_11991389 hero='https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/06/GOHILL-1-KQED.jpg']\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Dee Mostofi, a Stanford spokesperson, said in an email to KQED that the “student conduct review process” for Gohill was completed at the end of last year but did not address concerns from Gohill’s representatives about whether the university would retract its statements about prosecution.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>As of Wednesday afternoon, the district attorney’s office had not filed charges against Gohill. Sean Webby, communications director for the office, said it is still waiting on all the information from the case before making a decision.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Many of the groups supporting Gohill have emphasized that on the day of the protests, he was dressed in red Stanford Daily attire and displayed a press badge. The protesters were dressed in black. His attorneys said Gohill did not participate in the protest in any way and that he identified himself as a journalist to officers.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“It’s shameful that a university seemingly committed to the ideals of free expression and a free press cannot be bothered to come to the aid of its own student-facing potential felony charges for the act of reporting the news,” said Mike Hiestand, the senior legal counsel for the Student Press Law Center.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Gohill still works at The Stanford Daily but no longer as a reporter. He serves as the newsroom development director, Szabo said. Stanford employs Gohill as a tour guide for prospective students of the university, as well.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“While he is still suffering from the threat of potential criminal charges today, this news, I think, has lifted a great burden off of his shoulders,” Szabo said. “He feels vindicated. The university made allegations, which they themselves decided not to pursue.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“We’re at this point shifting our focus to the district attorney’s office to make sure that they don’t fall into a similar trap and pursue charges that are simply without any merit.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>More than seven months after a \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/news/11989520/stanford-student-newspaper-editors-call-for-charges-against-reporter-to-be-dropped\">former Stanford University student journalist was arrested\u003c/a> while covering a pro-Palestinian protest, the school confirmed it would not discipline him.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The news comes as a relief to the student, Dilan Gohill, though top university officials have not walked back previous statements supporting the criminal prosecution of Gohill in Santa Clara County.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“I think that the university realized that punishing a journalist for doing their job was probably not a great idea for an institution of higher learning,” Max Szabo, an attorney and a spokesperson for Gohill, said about the discipline decision.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“But I have to say, we’re still a little troubled by the fact that the university hasn’t come out and very clearly and unequivocally called on the district attorney not to pursue criminal actions,” Szabo continued.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Gohill was \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/news/11989050/pro-palestinian-stanford-protesters-detained-after-occupying-presidents-office\">one of 13 people arrested\u003c/a> on June 5 when protesters broke into the president’s office and barricaded themselves inside before law enforcement later entered and removed them. Gohill, who was reporting on the incident for The Stanford Daily, was booked into Santa Clara County Main Jail on charges of burglary, vandalism and conspiracy.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The Bay Area-based First Amendment Coalition and the Virginia-based Student Press Law Center \u003ca href=\"https://splc.org/2025/01/splc-fac-urge-stanford-to-call-for-da-to-decline-charges-against-student-journalist/\">received a letter\u003c/a> from Stanford President Jonathan Levin on Monday that said the school’s disciplinary process regarding Gohill “is complete and resulted in no disciplinary action.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>KQED News obtained a copy of the letter. \u003cem>The San Francisco Chronicle\u003c/em> \u003ca href=\"https://www.sfchronicle.com/bayarea/article/stanford-drops-case-against-student-journalist-20047810.php\">first reported\u003c/a> the development on Wednesday. Levin was replying to a \u003ca href=\"https://firstamendmentcoalition.org/2025/01/17/fac-splc-urge-stanford-president-to-decline-charges-against-student-journalist-dilan-gohill/\">Jan. 17 letter\u003c/a> from the two press freedom organizations, which have advocated for \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/news/11991389/press-freedom-groups-want-charges-dropped-against-stanford-student-journalist\">ending all disciplinary and legal action against Gohill\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Because of the university’s disappointing and very public role in this ordeal, we request that you publicly confirm that Gohill will face no university disciplinary action and that you urge the Santa Clara District Attorney’s Office not to pursue charges against him,” the letter to Levin said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Gohill has also received support from \u003cem>The Stanford Daily\u003c/em> editors and school \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/news/12018109/stanford-student-reporters-fate-still-in-limbo-months-after-arrest-at-protest\">alumni groups\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The school’s previous president, Richard Saller, and Provost Jenny Martinez, said in a June 10 \u003ca href=\"https://news.stanford.edu/stories/2024/06/university-statement-on-stanford-daily-students-arrested-on-june-5\">statement\u003c/a> that they believe Gohill “acted in violation of the law and university policies and fully support having him be criminally prosecuted and referred to Stanford’s Office of Community Standards along with the other students.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>However, in his response to advocates backing Gohill this week, Levin said he’d leave the judgment of whether to prosecute Gohill up to the Santa Clara County district attorney.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Jean-Paul Jassy, an attorney for Gohill, said Stanford’s actions don’t make any sense.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“They should be saying, ‘We were wrong, we never should have encouraged the district attorney to pursue any prosecution against Dilan,’” Jassy said. “Why wouldn’t they say that? They don’t even think that they have grounds for discipline, and they think that there could be a crime proven beyond a reasonable doubt?”\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Dee Mostofi, a Stanford spokesperson, said in an email to KQED that the “student conduct review process” for Gohill was completed at the end of last year but did not address concerns from Gohill’s representatives about whether the university would retract its statements about prosecution.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>As of Wednesday afternoon, the district attorney’s office had not filed charges against Gohill. Sean Webby, communications director for the office, said it is still waiting on all the information from the case before making a decision.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Many of the groups supporting Gohill have emphasized that on the day of the protests, he was dressed in red Stanford Daily attire and displayed a press badge. The protesters were dressed in black. His attorneys said Gohill did not participate in the protest in any way and that he identified himself as a journalist to officers.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“It’s shameful that a university seemingly committed to the ideals of free expression and a free press cannot be bothered to come to the aid of its own student-facing potential felony charges for the act of reporting the news,” said Mike Hiestand, the senior legal counsel for the Student Press Law Center.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Gohill still works at The Stanford Daily but no longer as a reporter. He serves as the newsroom development director, Szabo said. Stanford employs Gohill as a tour guide for prospective students of the university, as well.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“While he is still suffering from the threat of potential criminal charges today, this news, I think, has lifted a great burden off of his shoulders,” Szabo said. “He feels vindicated. The university made allegations, which they themselves decided not to pursue.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“We’re at this point shifting our focus to the district attorney’s office to make sure that they don’t fall into a similar trap and pursue charges that are simply without any merit.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>",
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"title": "‘Wired for Connection’: The Science of Kindness, and Why Hope Outweighs Cynicism",
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"content": "\u003cp>So many people are jumping in to help \u003ca href=\"https://www.kcrw.com/news/shows/kcrw-features/topanga-palisades-fire\">neighbors\u003c/a>, friends, even \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/arts/13970214/supply-drives-mutual-aid-los-angeles-eaton-palisades-wildfires\">strangers\u003c/a> affected by the L.A. fires. Volunteering, donating, hosting people who’ve evacuated, \u003ca href=\"https://laist.com/news/food/la-restaurants-offering-free-meals-for-evacuees-and-first-responders\">providing meals\u003c/a> and organizing drives to collect toiletries and clothes.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Turns out, science shows we humans are actually wired for this kind of kindness, connection and empathy.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>That’s what \u003ca href=\"https://www.jamil-zaki.com/\">Dr. Jamil Zaki\u003c/a> has discovered in the \u003ca href=\"https://www.ssnl.stanford.edu/\">Stanford Social Neuroscience Lab\u003c/a>. He’s a professor of psychology and the author of \u003ca href=\"https://www.hachettebookgroup.com/titles/jamil-zaki/hope-for-cynics/9781538743065/?lens=grand-central-publishing\">\u003cem>Hope for Cynics: The Surprising Science of Human Goodness\u003c/em>\u003c/a>. He shared some data-driven reasons why we shouldn’t be cynical, even in really hard times. Zaki spoke about his research with The California Report Magazine’s host, Sasha Khokha.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>Below are excerpts from their conversation, edited for brevity and clarity. For the full interview on The California Report Magazine, listen to the audio at the top of this story.\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003cem>\u003cbr>\n\u003c/em>\u003cstrong>\u003cbr>\nSasha Khokha: What does the incredible outpouring of support for fire survivors show us about human kindness and human goodness?\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Jamil Zaki:\u003c/strong> The last week in California has just been unthinkably tragic and difficult. And I don’t think it takes away anything from the suffering that many people are experiencing to also shine a light on the beauty that people are producing. It turns out that this is a perennial feature of disasters. Although they’re horrible in so many ways, they can also bring out people’s best. There is a lot of evidence throughout history and from the scientific literature that when people face disaster or trauma, oftentimes they respond not by falling apart but by coming together and by helping one another, stepping across lines of difference that sometimes divide them and trying to be there to support each other during the hardest times.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>When people are at their most needy, when we’re all going through something together, there’s an urgent sense of togetherness. There’s an urgent sense that we all need to be there for each other. And so I think that’s what elevates these wonderful human tendencies during our darkest times.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Why can’t people show up for each other like this all the time, not just during disasters?\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>We already are. Most people I’ve surveyed believed that the pandemic caused a decrease in human kindness. But the evidence goes the other way, that actually, in 2020, compared to the years before, people volunteered more, they donated more to charity, and they helped strangers more. But that elevated level of kindness didn’t stop after lockdown ended. Global kindness has remained higher than it did the decade or the years before the pandemic occurred.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>There is a sense that our world is more chaotic than it was several years ago. But in that adversity that we’re all facing collectively, I think there has been an elevated sense of social responsibility. I know that we don’t hear about this on the news all the time, but maybe we should hear about it more because it’s been there the whole time.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=gTLkSD1Jw5E\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>What does the science tell us about human goodness?\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The science is pretty clear that there is a lot of goodness in human beings. In some ways we are wired for connection with each other, to help each other, to be there for one another. That’s frankly what makes our species who we are.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>People tend to act kindly when they’re not thinking about it. So if you ask people to make decisions very quickly, they tend to make kinder decisions than if they spend a long time deliberating. Look at stories from the \u003ca href=\"https://www.carnegiehero.org/\">Carnegie Heroes Project\u003c/a>, people who have risked their lives to save strangers. If you look at interviews with them, which have been coded by scientists, they often say, “I didn’t think about it. I just ran into the burning building. I wasn’t trying to calculate whether this would be good for my reputation or whether, you know, I would become a hero. I just did it.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Another level of analysis comes from our biology. In my lab, we found that when people donate to charity or give money to somebody in need, the same parts of their brain are active as when they eat chocolate, for instance, or experience something else pleasurable. There is a lot about us that seems to lead us naturally towards acts of kindness, helping and togetherness.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>One of the most powerful things about our species is that our response to suffering is to come together because that’s what we’re good at. If you think about us as animals, we’re not that impressive. Just medium-sized mammals. We can’t run that fast or swim that well. We certainly can’t fly. Our super skill is togetherness. That’s what has allowed us to hunt wooly mammoths and build suspension bridges and write arias. All of this comes from our ability to work together. And we do that most during difficult times.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>People are struggling all around us all the time, and we are facing collective struggle all the time. So one thing to cultivate is what Viktor Frankl calls “tragic optimism.” Not shying away from, but looking directly into the pain that we are all going through at different times. Using that acknowledgment of our suffering as a way to keep us connected, to keep us showing up for one another the way that we do during awful disasters like this one.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_12022767\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 2560px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-full wp-image-12022767\" src=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2025/01/Jamil-Zaki-1-scaled.jpeg\" alt=\"\" width=\"2560\" height=\"1709\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2025/01/Jamil-Zaki-1-scaled.jpeg 2560w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2025/01/Jamil-Zaki-1-800x534.jpeg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2025/01/Jamil-Zaki-1-1020x681.jpeg 1020w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2025/01/Jamil-Zaki-1-160x107.jpeg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2025/01/Jamil-Zaki-1-1536x1025.jpeg 1536w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2025/01/Jamil-Zaki-1-2048x1367.jpeg 2048w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2025/01/Jamil-Zaki-1-1920x1282.jpeg 1920w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 2560px) 100vw, 2560px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Stanford neuroscientist Dr. Jamil Zaki says he’s a ‘recovering cynic’ himself, even though he’s spent decades studying optimism and hope. \u003ccite>(Courtesy of Jamil Zaki)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>We have this trope that it’s naive — or even privileged — to be optimistic or to be hopeful. That it’s cooler to be a cynic.\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>If you ask people who would be smarter, a cynic or a non-cynic, about 70% of people think that cynics would outperform non-cynics on cognitive tests, for instance. But the opposite is true. People who trust others more, who have more faith in people, tend to actually do better on those tests than cynical people.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>We also find in research that cynicism is not radical at all. Cynics actually are less likely to vote, less likely to take part in social movements, and in fact, they’re more likely to embrace authoritarian leaders. Because if you don’t trust the people around you; if you think that people are generally awful, what do you need? You need somebody to protect you from your fellow citizens. So authoritarianism actually benefits from a cynical population. Totalitarians and propagandists have been using cynicism to pit people against each other for decades if not centuries.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>If you want things to stay the same, one of the best things that you can do is encourage people to believe that nothing can get better.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Of course, a lot of people are feeling cynical about the divisions in this country. But your research shows we may not be as politically divided as we might think.\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Absolutely. But first, let’s stipulate we\u003cem> are\u003c/em> more divided than we were in the past. And something that’s really troubling about American division now is that it’s become personal. We’ve disagreed for decades about everything you can imagine. But now, people imagine that somebody they disagree with is stupid and evil, mean-spirited and violent. We hate the people we disagree with much more than we did before.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But what we imagine about the “other side” is wrong in basically every way that scientists can measure. For instance, Democrats think that a quarter of Republicans make more than $250,000 a year. The real number is 2%. We think that the average person we disagree with is much more extreme than they really are. Is twice as hateful, twice as anti-democratic and four times as violent as they really are. We also underestimate the amount of common ground that we have, even on specific issues.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>I’m not saying that America is a harmonious nation or that we could easily snap into some type of kumbaya situation on a national level. But I do think that there’s much more that we share than we realize.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Your lab actually did a very cool project where you had about 100 Americans talk with each other across divides over Zoom.\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>We brought these folks together to talk about gun control, abortion and climate change. We prepared them and made sure that they really disagreed on all three issues specifically.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>We asked them before the conversations, “How do you think this is going to go?” And on a 1 to 100 scale, where 1 is absolutely the worst conversation you could have and 100 is a delightful conversation. In general, people [predicted] somewhere between neutral and awful.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"alignright size-thumbnail wp-image-12022790\" src=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2025/01/Jamil-Zaki-book-cover-160x242.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"160\" height=\"242\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2025/01/Jamil-Zaki-book-cover-160x242.jpg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2025/01/Jamil-Zaki-book-cover-800x1208.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2025/01/Jamil-Zaki-book-cover-1020x1540.jpg 1020w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2025/01/Jamil-Zaki-book-cover-1017x1536.jpg 1017w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2025/01/Jamil-Zaki-book-cover-1356x2048.jpg 1356w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2025/01/Jamil-Zaki-book-cover-scaled.jpg 1696w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 160px) 100vw, 160px\">\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>After the conversations, we asked them [to rate the conversation] again. The most common response we got was a 100 out of 100. They were shocked at how positive these conversations were, and how reasonable the person they disagreed with was. That’s not to say that they agreed. I want to be really clear that empathy and connection is not the same as condoning what other people feel or agreeing with them. But these people found that they could at least respect each other’s humanity and have productive dialogue.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Afterwards, they didn’t just feel better about the person that they talked with. They felt less prejudiced against outsiders in general. So Democrats felt better about Republicans. Republicans felt better about Democrats. And those effects lasted three months after the conversation. So we rarely have chances for dialogue like this, but when they occur, they are much better than we expect them to be.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In general, people don’t trust their fellow citizens, but they do trust the people who they see: their neighbors, their grocer, their bus driver. Generally speaking, the closer you get to humanity, the better you feel about it. And that, to me, is a really powerful data point.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>You admit that you actually are kind of a recovering cynic yourself! \u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>For the last 20 years, I’ve studied empathy, kindness and connection. So people often assume that I must just go around blissed out by human goodness all the time. I really wanted to clarify right away in writing this book that that’s not where I’m coming from. I’m not some person who’s aspirational in terms of my inner life, and I’m going to teach you to be like me. I’m right there with you if you’re feeling cynicism.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>What can people do on an everyday basis to fight cynicism? Tell us about your three-step plan.\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Step one is to fact check our cynical feelings. Oftentimes, I’ll meet somebody and I’ll just kind of not trust them for no reason. It’s a pretty bold claim to say they’re a bad person, though you know nothing about them. What \u003cem>evidence\u003c/em> do you have to draw this conclusion? Are you sure that this is a defensible position? Oftentimes, for me, at least, the answer is absolutely not.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Step two is to collect more data. I call this taking leaps of faith on people. Give people chances to show you who they are, just taking little chances on people and also paying attention to what they give back. One version of this is striking up conversations with strangers. The data are pretty clear. If you actually try to talk with strangers, people are way friendlier than we think they’ll be.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Step three is to monitor what we’re sharing. If we’ve had eight positive interactions during a day and then one person was sort of a jerk to us, who are we going to talk about later on? For me, it’s that jerk.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[A couple years ago] I was driving my kids to school and somebody cut me off in traffic. I started saying all sorts of things about them. And my daughter said, “Dad, you don’t talk about all the people who \u003cem>didn’t \u003c/em>cut you off.” Ever since then, [my family has] been trying something called positive gossip. We all gather one example of human goodness from that day and share it in the evening. When you know that you’re going to share something, you start to look for it more. Positive gossip has sort of popped up an antenna where I now look for more instances of people being friendly or kind. And it turns out that once you’re looking for that, they’re not at all hard to find.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad floatright]\u003c/p>\n",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>So many people are jumping in to help \u003ca href=\"https://www.kcrw.com/news/shows/kcrw-features/topanga-palisades-fire\">neighbors\u003c/a>, friends, even \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/arts/13970214/supply-drives-mutual-aid-los-angeles-eaton-palisades-wildfires\">strangers\u003c/a> affected by the L.A. fires. Volunteering, donating, hosting people who’ve evacuated, \u003ca href=\"https://laist.com/news/food/la-restaurants-offering-free-meals-for-evacuees-and-first-responders\">providing meals\u003c/a> and organizing drives to collect toiletries and clothes.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Turns out, science shows we humans are actually wired for this kind of kindness, connection and empathy.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>That’s what \u003ca href=\"https://www.jamil-zaki.com/\">Dr. Jamil Zaki\u003c/a> has discovered in the \u003ca href=\"https://www.ssnl.stanford.edu/\">Stanford Social Neuroscience Lab\u003c/a>. He’s a professor of psychology and the author of \u003ca href=\"https://www.hachettebookgroup.com/titles/jamil-zaki/hope-for-cynics/9781538743065/?lens=grand-central-publishing\">\u003cem>Hope for Cynics: The Surprising Science of Human Goodness\u003c/em>\u003c/a>. He shared some data-driven reasons why we shouldn’t be cynical, even in really hard times. Zaki spoke about his research with The California Report Magazine’s host, Sasha Khokha.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>Below are excerpts from their conversation, edited for brevity and clarity. For the full interview on The California Report Magazine, listen to the audio at the top of this story.\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cem>\u003cbr>\n\u003c/em>\u003cstrong>\u003cbr>\nSasha Khokha: What does the incredible outpouring of support for fire survivors show us about human kindness and human goodness?\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Jamil Zaki:\u003c/strong> The last week in California has just been unthinkably tragic and difficult. And I don’t think it takes away anything from the suffering that many people are experiencing to also shine a light on the beauty that people are producing. It turns out that this is a perennial feature of disasters. Although they’re horrible in so many ways, they can also bring out people’s best. There is a lot of evidence throughout history and from the scientific literature that when people face disaster or trauma, oftentimes they respond not by falling apart but by coming together and by helping one another, stepping across lines of difference that sometimes divide them and trying to be there to support each other during the hardest times.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>When people are at their most needy, when we’re all going through something together, there’s an urgent sense of togetherness. There’s an urgent sense that we all need to be there for each other. And so I think that’s what elevates these wonderful human tendencies during our darkest times.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Why can’t people show up for each other like this all the time, not just during disasters?\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>We already are. Most people I’ve surveyed believed that the pandemic caused a decrease in human kindness. But the evidence goes the other way, that actually, in 2020, compared to the years before, people volunteered more, they donated more to charity, and they helped strangers more. But that elevated level of kindness didn’t stop after lockdown ended. Global kindness has remained higher than it did the decade or the years before the pandemic occurred.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>There is a sense that our world is more chaotic than it was several years ago. But in that adversity that we’re all facing collectively, I think there has been an elevated sense of social responsibility. I know that we don’t hear about this on the news all the time, but maybe we should hear about it more because it’s been there the whole time.\u003c/p>\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003cspan class='utils-parseShortcode-shortcodes-__youtubeShortcode__embedYoutube'>\n \u003cspan class='utils-parseShortcode-shortcodes-__youtubeShortcode__embedYoutubeInside'>\n \u003ciframe\n loading='lazy'\n class='utils-parseShortcode-shortcodes-__youtubeShortcode__youtubePlayer'\n type='text/html'\n src='//www.youtube.com/embed/gTLkSD1Jw5E'\n title='//www.youtube.com/embed/gTLkSD1Jw5E'\n allowfullscreen='true'\n style='border:0;'>\u003c/iframe>\n \u003c/span>\n \u003c/span>\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003cp>\u003cstrong>What does the science tell us about human goodness?\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The science is pretty clear that there is a lot of goodness in human beings. In some ways we are wired for connection with each other, to help each other, to be there for one another. That’s frankly what makes our species who we are.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>People tend to act kindly when they’re not thinking about it. So if you ask people to make decisions very quickly, they tend to make kinder decisions than if they spend a long time deliberating. Look at stories from the \u003ca href=\"https://www.carnegiehero.org/\">Carnegie Heroes Project\u003c/a>, people who have risked their lives to save strangers. If you look at interviews with them, which have been coded by scientists, they often say, “I didn’t think about it. I just ran into the burning building. I wasn’t trying to calculate whether this would be good for my reputation or whether, you know, I would become a hero. I just did it.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Another level of analysis comes from our biology. In my lab, we found that when people donate to charity or give money to somebody in need, the same parts of their brain are active as when they eat chocolate, for instance, or experience something else pleasurable. There is a lot about us that seems to lead us naturally towards acts of kindness, helping and togetherness.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>One of the most powerful things about our species is that our response to suffering is to come together because that’s what we’re good at. If you think about us as animals, we’re not that impressive. Just medium-sized mammals. We can’t run that fast or swim that well. We certainly can’t fly. Our super skill is togetherness. That’s what has allowed us to hunt wooly mammoths and build suspension bridges and write arias. All of this comes from our ability to work together. And we do that most during difficult times.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>People are struggling all around us all the time, and we are facing collective struggle all the time. So one thing to cultivate is what Viktor Frankl calls “tragic optimism.” Not shying away from, but looking directly into the pain that we are all going through at different times. Using that acknowledgment of our suffering as a way to keep us connected, to keep us showing up for one another the way that we do during awful disasters like this one.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_12022767\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 2560px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-full wp-image-12022767\" src=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2025/01/Jamil-Zaki-1-scaled.jpeg\" alt=\"\" width=\"2560\" height=\"1709\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2025/01/Jamil-Zaki-1-scaled.jpeg 2560w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2025/01/Jamil-Zaki-1-800x534.jpeg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2025/01/Jamil-Zaki-1-1020x681.jpeg 1020w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2025/01/Jamil-Zaki-1-160x107.jpeg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2025/01/Jamil-Zaki-1-1536x1025.jpeg 1536w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2025/01/Jamil-Zaki-1-2048x1367.jpeg 2048w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2025/01/Jamil-Zaki-1-1920x1282.jpeg 1920w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 2560px) 100vw, 2560px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Stanford neuroscientist Dr. Jamil Zaki says he’s a ‘recovering cynic’ himself, even though he’s spent decades studying optimism and hope. \u003ccite>(Courtesy of Jamil Zaki)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>We have this trope that it’s naive — or even privileged — to be optimistic or to be hopeful. That it’s cooler to be a cynic.\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>If you ask people who would be smarter, a cynic or a non-cynic, about 70% of people think that cynics would outperform non-cynics on cognitive tests, for instance. But the opposite is true. People who trust others more, who have more faith in people, tend to actually do better on those tests than cynical people.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>We also find in research that cynicism is not radical at all. Cynics actually are less likely to vote, less likely to take part in social movements, and in fact, they’re more likely to embrace authoritarian leaders. Because if you don’t trust the people around you; if you think that people are generally awful, what do you need? You need somebody to protect you from your fellow citizens. So authoritarianism actually benefits from a cynical population. Totalitarians and propagandists have been using cynicism to pit people against each other for decades if not centuries.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>If you want things to stay the same, one of the best things that you can do is encourage people to believe that nothing can get better.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Of course, a lot of people are feeling cynical about the divisions in this country. But your research shows we may not be as politically divided as we might think.\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Absolutely. But first, let’s stipulate we\u003cem> are\u003c/em> more divided than we were in the past. And something that’s really troubling about American division now is that it’s become personal. We’ve disagreed for decades about everything you can imagine. But now, people imagine that somebody they disagree with is stupid and evil, mean-spirited and violent. We hate the people we disagree with much more than we did before.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But what we imagine about the “other side” is wrong in basically every way that scientists can measure. For instance, Democrats think that a quarter of Republicans make more than $250,000 a year. The real number is 2%. We think that the average person we disagree with is much more extreme than they really are. Is twice as hateful, twice as anti-democratic and four times as violent as they really are. We also underestimate the amount of common ground that we have, even on specific issues.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>I’m not saying that America is a harmonious nation or that we could easily snap into some type of kumbaya situation on a national level. But I do think that there’s much more that we share than we realize.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Your lab actually did a very cool project where you had about 100 Americans talk with each other across divides over Zoom.\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>We brought these folks together to talk about gun control, abortion and climate change. We prepared them and made sure that they really disagreed on all three issues specifically.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>We asked them before the conversations, “How do you think this is going to go?” And on a 1 to 100 scale, where 1 is absolutely the worst conversation you could have and 100 is a delightful conversation. In general, people [predicted] somewhere between neutral and awful.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"alignright size-thumbnail wp-image-12022790\" src=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2025/01/Jamil-Zaki-book-cover-160x242.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"160\" height=\"242\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2025/01/Jamil-Zaki-book-cover-160x242.jpg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2025/01/Jamil-Zaki-book-cover-800x1208.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2025/01/Jamil-Zaki-book-cover-1020x1540.jpg 1020w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2025/01/Jamil-Zaki-book-cover-1017x1536.jpg 1017w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2025/01/Jamil-Zaki-book-cover-1356x2048.jpg 1356w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2025/01/Jamil-Zaki-book-cover-scaled.jpg 1696w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 160px) 100vw, 160px\">\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>After the conversations, we asked them [to rate the conversation] again. The most common response we got was a 100 out of 100. They were shocked at how positive these conversations were, and how reasonable the person they disagreed with was. That’s not to say that they agreed. I want to be really clear that empathy and connection is not the same as condoning what other people feel or agreeing with them. But these people found that they could at least respect each other’s humanity and have productive dialogue.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Afterwards, they didn’t just feel better about the person that they talked with. They felt less prejudiced against outsiders in general. So Democrats felt better about Republicans. Republicans felt better about Democrats. And those effects lasted three months after the conversation. So we rarely have chances for dialogue like this, but when they occur, they are much better than we expect them to be.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In general, people don’t trust their fellow citizens, but they do trust the people who they see: their neighbors, their grocer, their bus driver. Generally speaking, the closer you get to humanity, the better you feel about it. And that, to me, is a really powerful data point.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>You admit that you actually are kind of a recovering cynic yourself! \u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>For the last 20 years, I’ve studied empathy, kindness and connection. So people often assume that I must just go around blissed out by human goodness all the time. I really wanted to clarify right away in writing this book that that’s not where I’m coming from. I’m not some person who’s aspirational in terms of my inner life, and I’m going to teach you to be like me. I’m right there with you if you’re feeling cynicism.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>What can people do on an everyday basis to fight cynicism? Tell us about your three-step plan.\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Step one is to fact check our cynical feelings. Oftentimes, I’ll meet somebody and I’ll just kind of not trust them for no reason. It’s a pretty bold claim to say they’re a bad person, though you know nothing about them. What \u003cem>evidence\u003c/em> do you have to draw this conclusion? Are you sure that this is a defensible position? Oftentimes, for me, at least, the answer is absolutely not.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Step two is to collect more data. I call this taking leaps of faith on people. Give people chances to show you who they are, just taking little chances on people and also paying attention to what they give back. One version of this is striking up conversations with strangers. The data are pretty clear. If you actually try to talk with strangers, people are way friendlier than we think they’ll be.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Step three is to monitor what we’re sharing. If we’ve had eight positive interactions during a day and then one person was sort of a jerk to us, who are we going to talk about later on? For me, it’s that jerk.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[A couple years ago] I was driving my kids to school and somebody cut me off in traffic. I started saying all sorts of things about them. And my daughter said, “Dad, you don’t talk about all the people who \u003cem>didn’t \u003c/em>cut you off.” Ever since then, [my family has] been trying something called positive gossip. We all gather one example of human goodness from that day and share it in the evening. When you know that you’re going to share something, you start to look for it more. Positive gossip has sort of popped up an antenna where I now look for more instances of people being friendly or kind. And it turns out that once you’re looking for that, they’re not at all hard to find.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cp>Months after a \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/news/tag/stanford-university\">Stanford\u003c/a> student journalist was arrested while covering pro-Palestinian protesters occupying the president’s office, a scathing \u003ca href=\"https://alumni.stanforddaily.com/the-universitys-conduct-and-public-communications-regarding-the-stanford-daily-and-dilan-gohill/?_gl=1*1d89y6b*_ga*MTkxNTI0Nzg2OS4xNzM0MDI2Njc0*_ga_670VKRM1J5*MTczNDAyNjY3My4xLjAuMTczNDAyNjY3My4wLjAuMA..*_ga_098QKBX2FB*MTczNDAyNjY3NC4xLjAuMTczNDAyNjY3NC4wLjAuMA..*_ga_J2D2RWCL0Q*MTczNDAyNjY3NC4xLjAuMTczNDAyNjY3NC4wLjAuMA..\">letter\u003c/a> from a group of alumni criticizes the university for leaving his fate in limbo.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Dilan Gohill, 19, was a first-year student when he was arrested on suspicion of felony vandalism, burglary and conspiracy in June. As a student journalist with the \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/news/11989520/stanford-student-newspaper-editors-call-for-charges-against-reporter-to-be-dropped\">\u003cem>Stanford Daily\u003c/em>\u003c/a>, Gohill was covering the demonstration and building occupation at the time of his arrest, his editors and attorneys have said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>No formal charges have been filed against Gohill by the Santa Clara County district attorney’s office, but the case remains under investigation, according to Assistant District Attorney Brian Welch.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“The university has left the reporter in question sort of twisting in the wind for months now,” said Rich Jaroslovsky, founder of the nonprofit Online News Association and one of the letter’s signatories. “It is very unclear whether the university, in fact, is pressing for criminal charges to be brought against this young man when he was, in fact, on the scene in his capacity as a journalist for the \u003cem>Stanford Daily\u003c/em>.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Gohill “did not engage in illegal activities,” Jaroslovsky said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Alumni who signed the letter published Tuesday, many of whom are prominent figures in law and journalism, demanded that the university withdraw its support for any criminal prosecution against Gohill and issue a formal apology to both Gohill and the \u003cem>Daily\u003c/em>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[aside postID=news_12017333 hero='https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/12/LuigiMangioneAP1-1020x680.jpg']\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“The bottom line is that he was not one of the protesters,” said Andrew Bridges, a retired partner at law firm Fenwick & West and president of the Friends of the Stanford Daily Foundation. “He was not there to facilitate or assist the protesters. He was there to report on the protest and on the occupation.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Stanford University did not respond to a request for comment.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Gohill was arrested along with a dozen others on June 5 after a group of students and activists \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/news/11989050/pro-palestinian-stanford-protesters-detained-after-occupying-presidents-office\">occupied the president’s office\u003c/a> with the intention of barricading themselves inside the building. Gohill, who was donning both a red \u003cem>Stanford Daily\u003c/em> hoodie and his student press credentials, had followed the demonstrators into the building shortly before police officers arrived.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Despite telling law enforcement multiple times that he had not participated in the break-in or in the protest and that he was there in his capacity as a reporter, Gohill was arrested and taken into custody before being released on $20,000 bail.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In a \u003ca href=\"https://news.stanford.edu/stories/2024/06/university-statement-on-stanford-daily-students-arrested-on-june-5\">statement issued by the university\u003c/a> on June 10, it said it had lifted an interim suspension and indefinite campus ban against Gohill after finding that he did not present “an immediate threat to the health and safety of campus.” The statement did, however, accuse Gohill of “knowingly [coming] along for planned criminal activity” and said university officials “fully support having him be criminally prosecuted.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Bridges, who led the drafting of the letter, said he was disturbed by the statement and found that it purposefully maligned Gohill and the \u003cem>Stanford Daily\u003c/em>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>According to Bridges, Gohill did nothing to warrant the three suspected charges that were first presented to him on the day of his arrest. He said Gohill had not entered the building with the intent to commit any crime and had not engaged in destruction of property.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>As it stands, he said there’s no reason to believe that Gohill’s case should still be open.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But according to the letter, Stanford Provost Jenny Martinez told the Faculty Senate during a Nov. 21 meeting that “criminal prosecution is still possible,” a threat that continues to cause Gohill undue anxiety.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“For a university renowned for turning out some of the brightest minds, Stanford leadership’s calls for the criminal prosecution of a young journalist covering a protest is decidedly dimwitted,” said Maxwell Szabo, an attorney and spokesperson for Gohill.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Peter Bhatia, CEO of the journalism startup Houston Landing and another of the letter’s signatories, said the university’s treatment of Gohill as a criminal and its refusal to recognize his role as a \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/news/11991389/press-freedom-groups-want-charges-dropped-against-stanford-student-journalist\">journalist with First Amendment rights\u003c/a> has the potential to set a bad precedent for both student reporters and other journalists seeking to keep the community informed.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Some of the best journalism in the United States right now is student journalism,” Bridges said. “They have a critically important role within the sort of communities and ecosystems that exist at universities and colleges.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Gohill “was there as a reporter,” Bridges added. “Why this has never been accorded respect by the university is incredibly puzzling, and I think reflects some dereliction of duty by the university.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>Months after a \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/news/tag/stanford-university\">Stanford\u003c/a> student journalist was arrested while covering pro-Palestinian protesters occupying the president’s office, a scathing \u003ca href=\"https://alumni.stanforddaily.com/the-universitys-conduct-and-public-communications-regarding-the-stanford-daily-and-dilan-gohill/?_gl=1*1d89y6b*_ga*MTkxNTI0Nzg2OS4xNzM0MDI2Njc0*_ga_670VKRM1J5*MTczNDAyNjY3My4xLjAuMTczNDAyNjY3My4wLjAuMA..*_ga_098QKBX2FB*MTczNDAyNjY3NC4xLjAuMTczNDAyNjY3NC4wLjAuMA..*_ga_J2D2RWCL0Q*MTczNDAyNjY3NC4xLjAuMTczNDAyNjY3NC4wLjAuMA..\">letter\u003c/a> from a group of alumni criticizes the university for leaving his fate in limbo.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Dilan Gohill, 19, was a first-year student when he was arrested on suspicion of felony vandalism, burglary and conspiracy in June. As a student journalist with the \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/news/11989520/stanford-student-newspaper-editors-call-for-charges-against-reporter-to-be-dropped\">\u003cem>Stanford Daily\u003c/em>\u003c/a>, Gohill was covering the demonstration and building occupation at the time of his arrest, his editors and attorneys have said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>No formal charges have been filed against Gohill by the Santa Clara County district attorney’s office, but the case remains under investigation, according to Assistant District Attorney Brian Welch.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“The bottom line is that he was not one of the protesters,” said Andrew Bridges, a retired partner at law firm Fenwick & West and president of the Friends of the Stanford Daily Foundation. “He was not there to facilitate or assist the protesters. He was there to report on the protest and on the occupation.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Stanford University did not respond to a request for comment.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Gohill was arrested along with a dozen others on June 5 after a group of students and activists \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/news/11989050/pro-palestinian-stanford-protesters-detained-after-occupying-presidents-office\">occupied the president’s office\u003c/a> with the intention of barricading themselves inside the building. Gohill, who was donning both a red \u003cem>Stanford Daily\u003c/em> hoodie and his student press credentials, had followed the demonstrators into the building shortly before police officers arrived.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Despite telling law enforcement multiple times that he had not participated in the break-in or in the protest and that he was there in his capacity as a reporter, Gohill was arrested and taken into custody before being released on $20,000 bail.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In a \u003ca href=\"https://news.stanford.edu/stories/2024/06/university-statement-on-stanford-daily-students-arrested-on-june-5\">statement issued by the university\u003c/a> on June 10, it said it had lifted an interim suspension and indefinite campus ban against Gohill after finding that he did not present “an immediate threat to the health and safety of campus.” The statement did, however, accuse Gohill of “knowingly [coming] along for planned criminal activity” and said university officials “fully support having him be criminally prosecuted.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Bridges, who led the drafting of the letter, said he was disturbed by the statement and found that it purposefully maligned Gohill and the \u003cem>Stanford Daily\u003c/em>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>According to Bridges, Gohill did nothing to warrant the three suspected charges that were first presented to him on the day of his arrest. He said Gohill had not entered the building with the intent to commit any crime and had not engaged in destruction of property.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>As it stands, he said there’s no reason to believe that Gohill’s case should still be open.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But according to the letter, Stanford Provost Jenny Martinez told the Faculty Senate during a Nov. 21 meeting that “criminal prosecution is still possible,” a threat that continues to cause Gohill undue anxiety.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“For a university renowned for turning out some of the brightest minds, Stanford leadership’s calls for the criminal prosecution of a young journalist covering a protest is decidedly dimwitted,” said Maxwell Szabo, an attorney and spokesperson for Gohill.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Peter Bhatia, CEO of the journalism startup Houston Landing and another of the letter’s signatories, said the university’s treatment of Gohill as a criminal and its refusal to recognize his role as a \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/news/11991389/press-freedom-groups-want-charges-dropped-against-stanford-student-journalist\">journalist with First Amendment rights\u003c/a> has the potential to set a bad precedent for both student reporters and other journalists seeking to keep the community informed.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Some of the best journalism in the United States right now is student journalism,” Bridges said. “They have a critically important role within the sort of communities and ecosystems that exist at universities and colleges.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Gohill “was there as a reporter,” Bridges added. “Why this has never been accorded respect by the university is incredibly puzzling, and I think reflects some dereliction of duty by the university.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>",
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"content": "\u003cp>President-elect \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/news/tag/donald-trump\">Donald Trump’s\u003c/a> choice this week to lead the National Institutes of Health is a controversial Stanford researcher who was highly critical of the COVID-19 pandemic response, drawing pushback from the medical community and some still suffering from the long-term effects of the disease.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Dr. Jay Bhattacharya, a professor of health policy and senior fellow at the Stanford Institute for Economic Policy Research, was one of three co-authors of a 2020 letter that challenged policies like lockdowns and mask mandates and called for speeding up herd immunity.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The so-called Great Barrington Declaration, which was written before the widespread availability of a vaccine, argued that measures should be taken to protect those who were most vulnerable to dying of COVID-19 but that others “should immediately be allowed to resume life as normal.” Allowing the virus to spread among younger, healthier people would help drive up natural immunity and “minimize mortality and social harm,” it said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The strategy was brought to the attention of then-President Trump by his pandemic adviser, Dr. Scott Atlas — a Stanford colleague of Bhattacharya and Hoover Institution fellow — but the scientific community swiftly excoriated it. Dr. Anthony Fauci, director of the National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, dismissed it as “\u003ca href=\"https://www.pbs.org/newshour/health/dr-fauci-criticizes-concept-of-herd-immunity\">total nonsense\u003c/a>,” and many physicians, scientists and other experts said the “fringe” approach was unethical and would endanger millions of people.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Hearing from researchers who were pushing ideas for how a health department should be responding, when they themselves were not responding or seeing patients — to me, I was like, you guys have major gaps in what expertise you’re bringing to the kind of things you’re putting forward,” said Dr. Abraar Karaan, a Stanford infectious-diseases physician who helped lead Massachusetts’ COVID-19 response.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Bhattacharya is not a practicing physician. \u003ca href=\"https://profiles.stanford.edu/jay-bhattacharya\">According to Stanford\u003c/a>, his research “focuses on the economics of health care around the world with a particular emphasis on the health and well-being of vulnerable populations.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Dr. Bhattacharya, who is a researcher but doesn’t see patients, was not on the front lines the way many of us as clinicians were,” Karaan said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Karaan did point out Bhattacharya’s impressive track record as a researcher, including receiving the highest level of grants from the NIH.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The NIH conducts and funds major biomedical and public health research for the United States. If confirmed by the Senate, Bhattacharya would lead the sprawling agency — with a budget pushing $50 billion.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Many have concerns over where that research and funding will be directed under the next Trump administration. His choice to lead the NIH’s parent agency, the Department of Health and Human Services, is Robert F. Kennedy Jr., a vaccine skeptic and conspiracy theorist who has also called for turning the government’s public health focus away from infectious disease.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“I agree that chronic disease is a big problem; I totally agree with that,” Karaan said. “But we don’t get to decide where the spotlight goes when you have actual health emergencies happening. We don’t get to decide when infectious diseases are no longer something we care about.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>For some \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/news/11950643/screaming-into-a-void-long-covid-patients-have-waited-in-vain-for-years-for-treatments\">Bay Area patients with long COVID\u003c/a> and their advocates, Bhattacharya’s nomination is especially concerning. Millions of Americans are estimated to have had the increasingly widespread chronic condition, whose symptoms often include brain fog and fatigue.[aside postID=news_11950643 hero='https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2023/05/RS65622_005_KQED_LongCOVIDCharlieMcCone_05182023-qut.jpg']\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Much is still unknown about long COVID, including what makes people susceptible to it. Many of those still suffering from its debilitating effects were otherwise young and healthy — the same population that Bhattacharya and his Great Barrington Declaration co-authors proposed allowing to contract and spread COVID-19 during the height of the pandemic.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Charlie McCone, 34, has had long COVID since March 2020. The San Francisco resident said many in the long COVID community were already frustrated with how the NIH was prioritizing funding and research, though they had seen recent signs of progress.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Zero diseases in the history of the world have been solved with a one-time investment of funds,” he told KQED. “We have to be serious about having substantial funds on an annual basis to actually get somewhere with this condition.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>McCone praised the direction of the NIH’s approach under Dr. Jeanne Marrazzo, who was named director of the National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases last year. However, he noted that advocates are still pushing for annual \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/news/12006894/bay-areas-long-covid-community-celebrates-moonshot-bill-for-10-billion-in-funding\">funding for long COVID research\u003c/a> and to give it a permanent home in the NIH.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“If we had allocated a one-time fund to the NIH for HIV in the mid-’80s … and decided we were going to just stop giving funds because we didn’t see a return on investment, that would have been deemed as completely irrational and completely nonsensical,” McCone said. “And so I think anybody who’s taking that perspective now, I think the same applies.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>KQED’s Keith Mizuguchi contributed to this report.\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\n",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>President-elect \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/news/tag/donald-trump\">Donald Trump’s\u003c/a> choice this week to lead the National Institutes of Health is a controversial Stanford researcher who was highly critical of the COVID-19 pandemic response, drawing pushback from the medical community and some still suffering from the long-term effects of the disease.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Dr. Jay Bhattacharya, a professor of health policy and senior fellow at the Stanford Institute for Economic Policy Research, was one of three co-authors of a 2020 letter that challenged policies like lockdowns and mask mandates and called for speeding up herd immunity.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The so-called Great Barrington Declaration, which was written before the widespread availability of a vaccine, argued that measures should be taken to protect those who were most vulnerable to dying of COVID-19 but that others “should immediately be allowed to resume life as normal.” Allowing the virus to spread among younger, healthier people would help drive up natural immunity and “minimize mortality and social harm,” it said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The strategy was brought to the attention of then-President Trump by his pandemic adviser, Dr. Scott Atlas — a Stanford colleague of Bhattacharya and Hoover Institution fellow — but the scientific community swiftly excoriated it. Dr. Anthony Fauci, director of the National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, dismissed it as “\u003ca href=\"https://www.pbs.org/newshour/health/dr-fauci-criticizes-concept-of-herd-immunity\">total nonsense\u003c/a>,” and many physicians, scientists and other experts said the “fringe” approach was unethical and would endanger millions of people.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Hearing from researchers who were pushing ideas for how a health department should be responding, when they themselves were not responding or seeing patients — to me, I was like, you guys have major gaps in what expertise you’re bringing to the kind of things you’re putting forward,” said Dr. Abraar Karaan, a Stanford infectious-diseases physician who helped lead Massachusetts’ COVID-19 response.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Bhattacharya is not a practicing physician. \u003ca href=\"https://profiles.stanford.edu/jay-bhattacharya\">According to Stanford\u003c/a>, his research “focuses on the economics of health care around the world with a particular emphasis on the health and well-being of vulnerable populations.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Dr. Bhattacharya, who is a researcher but doesn’t see patients, was not on the front lines the way many of us as clinicians were,” Karaan said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Karaan did point out Bhattacharya’s impressive track record as a researcher, including receiving the highest level of grants from the NIH.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The NIH conducts and funds major biomedical and public health research for the United States. If confirmed by the Senate, Bhattacharya would lead the sprawling agency — with a budget pushing $50 billion.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Many have concerns over where that research and funding will be directed under the next Trump administration. His choice to lead the NIH’s parent agency, the Department of Health and Human Services, is Robert F. Kennedy Jr., a vaccine skeptic and conspiracy theorist who has also called for turning the government’s public health focus away from infectious disease.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“I agree that chronic disease is a big problem; I totally agree with that,” Karaan said. “But we don’t get to decide where the spotlight goes when you have actual health emergencies happening. We don’t get to decide when infectious diseases are no longer something we care about.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>For some \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/news/11950643/screaming-into-a-void-long-covid-patients-have-waited-in-vain-for-years-for-treatments\">Bay Area patients with long COVID\u003c/a> and their advocates, Bhattacharya’s nomination is especially concerning. Millions of Americans are estimated to have had the increasingly widespread chronic condition, whose symptoms often include brain fog and fatigue.\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Much is still unknown about long COVID, including what makes people susceptible to it. Many of those still suffering from its debilitating effects were otherwise young and healthy — the same population that Bhattacharya and his Great Barrington Declaration co-authors proposed allowing to contract and spread COVID-19 during the height of the pandemic.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Charlie McCone, 34, has had long COVID since March 2020. The San Francisco resident said many in the long COVID community were already frustrated with how the NIH was prioritizing funding and research, though they had seen recent signs of progress.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Zero diseases in the history of the world have been solved with a one-time investment of funds,” he told KQED. “We have to be serious about having substantial funds on an annual basis to actually get somewhere with this condition.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>McCone praised the direction of the NIH’s approach under Dr. Jeanne Marrazzo, who was named director of the National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases last year. However, he noted that advocates are still pushing for annual \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/news/12006894/bay-areas-long-covid-community-celebrates-moonshot-bill-for-10-billion-in-funding\">funding for long COVID research\u003c/a> and to give it a permanent home in the NIH.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“If we had allocated a one-time fund to the NIH for HIV in the mid-’80s … and decided we were going to just stop giving funds because we didn’t see a return on investment, that would have been deemed as completely irrational and completely nonsensical,” McCone said. “And so I think anybody who’s taking that perspective now, I think the same applies.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>KQED’s Keith Mizuguchi contributed to this report.\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>",
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"content": "\u003cp>\u003cem>Updated 3:30 p.m. Wednesday\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/news/tag/stanford\">Stanford\u003c/a> graduate students have called off a strike planned for Wednesday after reaching a tentative contract agreement with the university, avoiding major disruptions in the final weeks of the academic term.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>It will be the first contract for the \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/news/11951849/stanford-graduate-workers-move-to-unionize-to-improve-working-conditions\">Stanford Graduate Workers Union\u003c/a>, which has been negotiating with the university since last November and represents more than 2,000 master’s students and doctoral candidates who teach or conduct research for the school.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>SGWU leaders announced last week that they would halt work on Tuesday unless an agreement was reached, threatening to disrupt classes and research work similar to the \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/news/11935671/university-of-california-workers-reach-deal-to-end-monthlong-strike\">weekslong graduate student strike\u003c/a> throughout the University of California school system in 2022.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The strike was \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/news/12014071/thousands-stanford-grad-students-delay-strike-push-last-minute-deal\">postponed a day\u003c/a> in an attempt at an 11th-hour agreement, then canceled late Tuesday night after the union announced it had reached a tentative deal.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“We were able to get sufficient movement from Stanford to reach a tentative agreement this evening on a complete contract that we can recommend,” the bargaining team said in an email to union members.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Stanford spokesperson Luisa Rapport confirmed Wednesday that a tentative deal had been reached.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“A tentative agreement came through the dedicated efforts of both bargaining teams and many long hours of discussion at the negotiating table,” she said in a statement. “We thank the members of both bargaining committees for their efforts in reaching this agreement.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_12014213\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 2000px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-full wp-image-12014213\" src=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/11/005_KQED_StanfordGradUnion_05302023_qed.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"2000\" height=\"1333\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/11/005_KQED_StanfordGradUnion_05302023_qed.jpg 2000w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/11/005_KQED_StanfordGradUnion_05302023_qed-800x533.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/11/005_KQED_StanfordGradUnion_05302023_qed-1020x680.jpg 1020w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/11/005_KQED_StanfordGradUnion_05302023_qed-160x107.jpg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/11/005_KQED_StanfordGradUnion_05302023_qed-1536x1024.jpg 1536w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/11/005_KQED_StanfordGradUnion_05302023_qed-1920x1280.jpg 1920w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 2000px) 100vw, 2000px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Stanford University campus on May 30, 2023. \u003ccite>(Beth LaBerge/KQED)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Union workers have been pushing for higher pay, more comprehensive benefits and guaranteed funding for doctoral students. While the bargaining team said they had made progress on healthcare and immigration support, compensation was a sticking point as the planned strike neared.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Although the bargaining committee recommended the deal, leaders acknowledged that there were some concessions made to reach an agreement.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Some members “are not very happy, specifically with the wage offer,” said Shantanu Nevrekar, one of the union’s bargaining committee members. “And we have not tried to hide the fact that we think that this is not the best offer we could achieve.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[aside postID=news_12013686 hero='https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/10/241021-SFUSD-BREED-STATE-PRESSER-MD-05-KQED-1020x680.jpg']\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The union had said Stanford’s offer of $53,908 wasn’t sufficient to afford to live in Santa Clara County, where a livable wage is closer to $68,620. It proposed a minimum compensation of $58,840, followed by annual increases of 4% and 3.5% for the following two years.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The tentative agreement includes a minimum salary of just over $54,000 for graduate students working at least 20 hours a week, with annual wage bumps over the next two academic years to reach $58,460 by fall 2026.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Now, we have a current wage rate that exceeds the rent increases for all of the years of the contract,” Nevrekar said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The university also agreed to publish on-campus housing costs for the next two academic years, changing its practice of releasing them in the spring for the following academic year. It also committed to continuous five-year funding for Ph.D. students.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The parties also agreed to drop current unfair labor practice charges filed against each other and committed to not filing such charges for the duration of the contract.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“We did have major disagreements, of course,” Nevrekar said, “but both sides were very civil in approaching this process.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Graduate workers will vote on the contract, which must be ratified before Nov. 22 to go into effect. If it does, it will be valid through August 2027.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Nevrekar said he believes the deal will help undergraduates too. He pointed to a provision covering $1,200 for international students’ visa fees, noting that many undergraduates are international students who also struggle with administrative fees in the visa process.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“I see a very real possibility that this could lead to a ripple effect,” Nevrekar said. “More pressure on Stanford to ensure that it makes the experience of international students and national graduate workers more equitable.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>\u003cem>Updated 3:30 p.m. Wednesday\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/news/tag/stanford\">Stanford\u003c/a> graduate students have called off a strike planned for Wednesday after reaching a tentative contract agreement with the university, avoiding major disruptions in the final weeks of the academic term.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>It will be the first contract for the \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/news/11951849/stanford-graduate-workers-move-to-unionize-to-improve-working-conditions\">Stanford Graduate Workers Union\u003c/a>, which has been negotiating with the university since last November and represents more than 2,000 master’s students and doctoral candidates who teach or conduct research for the school.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>SGWU leaders announced last week that they would halt work on Tuesday unless an agreement was reached, threatening to disrupt classes and research work similar to the \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/news/11935671/university-of-california-workers-reach-deal-to-end-monthlong-strike\">weekslong graduate student strike\u003c/a> throughout the University of California school system in 2022.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The strike was \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/news/12014071/thousands-stanford-grad-students-delay-strike-push-last-minute-deal\">postponed a day\u003c/a> in an attempt at an 11th-hour agreement, then canceled late Tuesday night after the union announced it had reached a tentative deal.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“We were able to get sufficient movement from Stanford to reach a tentative agreement this evening on a complete contract that we can recommend,” the bargaining team said in an email to union members.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Stanford spokesperson Luisa Rapport confirmed Wednesday that a tentative deal had been reached.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“A tentative agreement came through the dedicated efforts of both bargaining teams and many long hours of discussion at the negotiating table,” she said in a statement. “We thank the members of both bargaining committees for their efforts in reaching this agreement.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_12014213\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 2000px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-full wp-image-12014213\" src=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/11/005_KQED_StanfordGradUnion_05302023_qed.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"2000\" height=\"1333\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/11/005_KQED_StanfordGradUnion_05302023_qed.jpg 2000w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/11/005_KQED_StanfordGradUnion_05302023_qed-800x533.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/11/005_KQED_StanfordGradUnion_05302023_qed-1020x680.jpg 1020w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/11/005_KQED_StanfordGradUnion_05302023_qed-160x107.jpg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/11/005_KQED_StanfordGradUnion_05302023_qed-1536x1024.jpg 1536w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/11/005_KQED_StanfordGradUnion_05302023_qed-1920x1280.jpg 1920w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 2000px) 100vw, 2000px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Stanford University campus on May 30, 2023. \u003ccite>(Beth LaBerge/KQED)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Union workers have been pushing for higher pay, more comprehensive benefits and guaranteed funding for doctoral students. While the bargaining team said they had made progress on healthcare and immigration support, compensation was a sticking point as the planned strike neared.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Although the bargaining committee recommended the deal, leaders acknowledged that there were some concessions made to reach an agreement.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Some members “are not very happy, specifically with the wage offer,” said Shantanu Nevrekar, one of the union’s bargaining committee members. “And we have not tried to hide the fact that we think that this is not the best offer we could achieve.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The union had said Stanford’s offer of $53,908 wasn’t sufficient to afford to live in Santa Clara County, where a livable wage is closer to $68,620. It proposed a minimum compensation of $58,840, followed by annual increases of 4% and 3.5% for the following two years.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The tentative agreement includes a minimum salary of just over $54,000 for graduate students working at least 20 hours a week, with annual wage bumps over the next two academic years to reach $58,460 by fall 2026.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Now, we have a current wage rate that exceeds the rent increases for all of the years of the contract,” Nevrekar said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The university also agreed to publish on-campus housing costs for the next two academic years, changing its practice of releasing them in the spring for the following academic year. It also committed to continuous five-year funding for Ph.D. students.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The parties also agreed to drop current unfair labor practice charges filed against each other and committed to not filing such charges for the duration of the contract.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“We did have major disagreements, of course,” Nevrekar said, “but both sides were very civil in approaching this process.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Graduate workers will vote on the contract, which must be ratified before Nov. 22 to go into effect. If it does, it will be valid through August 2027.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Nevrekar said he believes the deal will help undergraduates too. He pointed to a provision covering $1,200 for international students’ visa fees, noting that many undergraduates are international students who also struggle with administrative fees in the visa process.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“I see a very real possibility that this could lead to a ripple effect,” Nevrekar said. “More pressure on Stanford to ensure that it makes the experience of international students and national graduate workers more equitable.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>",
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"content": "\u003cp>Thousands of \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/news/tag/stanford\">Stanford\u003c/a> graduate students planning to strike on Tuesday pushed their walkout back a day amid eleventh-hour negotiations with the university.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Much like \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/news/11935671/university-of-california-workers-reach-deal-to-end-monthlong-strike\">a weekslong strike\u003c/a> that gripped the University of California system in 2022, the Stanford strike could mean significant disruptions to the current academic term, which is just under a month away from final exams.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The Stanford Graduate Workers’ Union, which \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/news/11951849/stanford-graduate-workers-move-to-unionize-to-improve-working-conditions\">formed last year\u003c/a> but has not yet approved a contract, is negotiating with the university for higher wages, more comprehensive benefits and guaranteed funding for doctoral students.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The bargaining team cited “sufficient movement,” saying in an email to members on Monday night that it postponed the strike for 24 hours while the two contingents returned to the bargaining table on Tuesday.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“We are not quite there, but we think it is worthwhile to continue bargaining,” the message reads. “We will resume bargaining Tuesday … with an expectation that we will either get it done or move forward with the strike.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The union now plans to begin striking Wednesday at 10 a.m., when more than 2,000 graduate students — who lead classes, grade student work and conduct research — could walk off the job, threatening to withhold work until a contract is reached.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[aside postID=news_12009822 hero='https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/04/San-Jose-overview-1020x768.jpg']\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“A strike will cause massive disruption to the university’s teaching and research missions, should Stanford fail to avert it,” the bargaining team told members last week. “Teaching assistants will cancel their review and discussion sessions, office hours, and labs. Assignments will not be graded. … However, Stanford’s continued refusal to meet the basic needs of its employees leaves thousands of graduate workers with no choice but to walk off the job.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In an email to Stanford community members on Monday, Provost Jenny Martinez and Vice Provost for Graduate Education Stacey Bent said, “The university takes seriously our obligation to preserve the continuity of learning and research.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“The university has worked to listen and engage constructively with the union at the negotiating table and to put forward a competitive contract offer. We continue to seek a timely resolution,” the message continues.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The union has been in contract negotiations with the university for a year following its formation in July 2023. SGWU authorized a strike last Wednesday when 94% of members voted against the university’s latest contract offer and 89% agreed to walk off the job.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The bargaining team said last week that it had made progress on securing better benefits, but “Stanford is still refusing to offer a living wage.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Stanford’s \u003ca href=\"https://drive.google.com/file/d/1NQ76sax0xEolsR14ujLw3QnjzCCSlaEe/view\">most recent offer\u003c/a> included a minimum salary of $53,908 a year. The union said that’s not enough to cover the cost of living in Santa Clara County, which it estimates to be $68,620 based on an MIT livable wage calculator. SGWU has proposed a minimum compensation of $58,840, followed by annual increases of 4% and 3.5% for the following two years.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Martinez and Bent said in a statement on Nov. 7 that the union is demanding a pay increase between 14%–16%, while the university is offering a 12% increase over three years.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Stanford’s offered salary levels … are the highest among our Ivy Plus peers,” the statement said, referring to a group of schools across the country, including the eight Ivy League schools and other elite universities.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>While the parties haven’t reached an agreement on compensation, a bargaining tracker published by the union shows that they have made 18 tentative agreements related to union rights, appointments, and health and safety, among other things.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>SGWU said in a message to members last week that they had also made progress on negotiations for benefits like health care and immigration costs, and getting the university to publish information about rent increases through the years of the contract. Seventy percent of graduate workers live on campus, and the union aims to tie wage increases to the rising cost of living in university housing.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Still, sticking points between SGWU and Stanford include guaranteed funding for Ph.D. candidates, which the university already agrees to provide, but the union said it has “failed to honor” on many occasions. The union is also lobbying for access to public transit passes for all students, not just those living off campus.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The bargaining team said it will be in meetings with staff all day Tuesday in hopes of reaching an agreement.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>Thousands of \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/news/tag/stanford\">Stanford\u003c/a> graduate students planning to strike on Tuesday pushed their walkout back a day amid eleventh-hour negotiations with the university.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Much like \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/news/11935671/university-of-california-workers-reach-deal-to-end-monthlong-strike\">a weekslong strike\u003c/a> that gripped the University of California system in 2022, the Stanford strike could mean significant disruptions to the current academic term, which is just under a month away from final exams.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The Stanford Graduate Workers’ Union, which \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/news/11951849/stanford-graduate-workers-move-to-unionize-to-improve-working-conditions\">formed last year\u003c/a> but has not yet approved a contract, is negotiating with the university for higher wages, more comprehensive benefits and guaranteed funding for doctoral students.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The bargaining team cited “sufficient movement,” saying in an email to members on Monday night that it postponed the strike for 24 hours while the two contingents returned to the bargaining table on Tuesday.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“We are not quite there, but we think it is worthwhile to continue bargaining,” the message reads. “We will resume bargaining Tuesday … with an expectation that we will either get it done or move forward with the strike.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The union now plans to begin striking Wednesday at 10 a.m., when more than 2,000 graduate students — who lead classes, grade student work and conduct research — could walk off the job, threatening to withhold work until a contract is reached.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“A strike will cause massive disruption to the university’s teaching and research missions, should Stanford fail to avert it,” the bargaining team told members last week. “Teaching assistants will cancel their review and discussion sessions, office hours, and labs. Assignments will not be graded. … However, Stanford’s continued refusal to meet the basic needs of its employees leaves thousands of graduate workers with no choice but to walk off the job.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In an email to Stanford community members on Monday, Provost Jenny Martinez and Vice Provost for Graduate Education Stacey Bent said, “The university takes seriously our obligation to preserve the continuity of learning and research.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“The university has worked to listen and engage constructively with the union at the negotiating table and to put forward a competitive contract offer. We continue to seek a timely resolution,” the message continues.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The union has been in contract negotiations with the university for a year following its formation in July 2023. SGWU authorized a strike last Wednesday when 94% of members voted against the university’s latest contract offer and 89% agreed to walk off the job.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The bargaining team said last week that it had made progress on securing better benefits, but “Stanford is still refusing to offer a living wage.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Stanford’s \u003ca href=\"https://drive.google.com/file/d/1NQ76sax0xEolsR14ujLw3QnjzCCSlaEe/view\">most recent offer\u003c/a> included a minimum salary of $53,908 a year. The union said that’s not enough to cover the cost of living in Santa Clara County, which it estimates to be $68,620 based on an MIT livable wage calculator. SGWU has proposed a minimum compensation of $58,840, followed by annual increases of 4% and 3.5% for the following two years.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Martinez and Bent said in a statement on Nov. 7 that the union is demanding a pay increase between 14%–16%, while the university is offering a 12% increase over three years.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Stanford’s offered salary levels … are the highest among our Ivy Plus peers,” the statement said, referring to a group of schools across the country, including the eight Ivy League schools and other elite universities.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>While the parties haven’t reached an agreement on compensation, a bargaining tracker published by the union shows that they have made 18 tentative agreements related to union rights, appointments, and health and safety, among other things.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>SGWU said in a message to members last week that they had also made progress on negotiations for benefits like health care and immigration costs, and getting the university to publish information about rent increases through the years of the contract. Seventy percent of graduate workers live on campus, and the union aims to tie wage increases to the rising cost of living in university housing.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Still, sticking points between SGWU and Stanford include guaranteed funding for Ph.D. candidates, which the university already agrees to provide, but the union said it has “failed to honor” on many occasions. The union is also lobbying for access to public transit passes for all students, not just those living off campus.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The bargaining team said it will be in meetings with staff all day Tuesday in hopes of reaching an agreement.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>",
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"slug": "stanford-ai-model-helps-locate-racist-deeds-in-santa-clara-county",
"title": "Stanford AI Model Helps Locate Racist Deeds in Santa Clara County",
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"headTitle": "Stanford AI Model Helps Locate Racist Deeds in Santa Clara County | KQED",
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"content": "\u003cp>Even in \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/news/tag/santa-clara\">Santa Clara\u003c/a> County, home to many of the companies and centers of innovation that have earned Silicon Valley its name, governments often do things in an old-fashioned manner.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>So when California lawmakers handed down a mandate in 2021 that all counties in the state needed to cull their property deed records to find and redact racially restrictive covenants, Santa Clara County put two employees on the daunting task.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>They began in 2022 what they expected might be an up to five-year project to manually sift through tens of millions of pages of paper and digitized property deed records. They were looking for racist language that barred people of specific races or ethnicities from owning properties in the county.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“I mean, it was literally eyes on paper turning pages, then it was eyes on the computer going through those same type of pages on the reels. And they did an excellent job,” said Louis Chiaramonte, the county’s assistant clerk-recorder.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The county’s team only made its way through around 100,000 records, finding about 400 of the thousands of defunct racist clauses that are tucked into documents related to ownership of homes and control of blocks and neighborhoods of the South Bay.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>That’s when the county and \u003ca href=\"https://reglab.stanford.edu/\">Stanford University’s RegLab\u003c/a>, a hub for research and development into how government agencies can perform core services more efficiently, partnered to bring the power of AI language models onto the job, significantly speeding up the process.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>After curating racist covenant documents from seven counties across the nation, the RegLab researchers trained an open-source language model on those examples. They then put it to work, scanning 5.2 million Santa Clara County deed records from 1902 through 1980.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>It took about a week.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“What our project really shows is there’s a very different and compelling path forward to achieving these kinds of tasks that don’t suffer the kinds of cost overruns that have historically really plagued government technology contracting,” said Daniel Ho, a professor and the director of the RegLab.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Los Angeles County, for example, \u003ca href=\"https://www.latimes.com/california/story/2024-02-06/l-a-county-will-remove-racist-restrictive-covenant-language-from-millions-of-documents\">outsourced the work\u003c/a> to a contractor for about $8 million in a process expected to take about seven years to finish, Ho said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Chiaramonte said the RegLab model helped Santa Clara County accelerate the process of flagging and mapping about 7,500 restrictive covenants. From there, the covenants are reviewed and sent to the county’s lawyers for final approval before a new, modified version of the deed is recorded. About 4,500 have been completed, and the original deeds remain unchanged for historical reference.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“It’s just amazing. I’m very thankful that this opportunity presented itself, and we’re able to work with them, Chiaramonte said. “And it appears that this language model tool that they have is extremely effective and has produced meaningful changes to how we could approach things in the future.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The county employees who started the work will shift their focus to manually culling through the remaining records from 1850 to 1901 — most of which were handwritten — and digitizing newer records from after 1981.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c!-- iframe plugin v.4.3 wordpress.org/plugins/iframe/ -->\u003cbr>\n\u003ciframe loading=\"lazy\" src=\"https://reglab.github.io/racialcovenants/static/maps/dotmap_embedded.html\" width=\"1000\" height=\"700\" scrolling=\"yes\" class=\"iframe-class\" frameborder=\"0\">\u003c/iframe>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003ci>Map by \u003ca href=\"https://reglab.github.io/racialcovenants/\">Stanford University’s RegLab\u003c/a>\u003c/i>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Faiz Surani, one of the co-authors of the \u003ca href=\"https://reglab.github.io/racialcovenants/\">research paper on the project\u003c/a>, noted that the curation of examples and the training of the open-source model was the bulk of the front-end work, and it needed to be precise. The team trained the model to recognize not just simple keywords but also to identify a covenant even when a document scan is degraded, common strings of words and where in the document covenants are often located.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“If you ask ChatGPT to detect racial covenants, it’ll do a decent job out of the box,” Surani said. “The challenge is when you are going over 5 million, 10 million, 20 million records, you need to be virtually perfect, or else you’re going to be missing something or you’re going to be buried under a pile of false positives.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Surani and Ho said the model has so far shown itself to be nearly 100% accurate in finding covenants in the records it searched. In all, the AI-based technology was able to save about 86,000 person-hours for the county.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The racist covenants and restrictions often included racial epithets. The covenants were less often seen in the very early 20th century because it was still legal to zone by race. After the nation outlawed that practice as unconstitutional in 1917, deed restrictions became more commonplace as a way to use private transactions to maintain segregation.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“The language in these covenants became more targeted and explicit. Deed records reveal widespread exclusion of specific ethnic groups, including African Americans, Chinese, Japanese, and other non-Caucasian communities. Terms such as ‘Negro,’ ‘Mongolian,’ and ‘colored’ were commonly employed to delineate the racial boundaries of acceptable property owners and tenants,” the RegLab’s research paper said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_12010146\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 1953px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-full wp-image-12010146\" src=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/10/241018-Covenant-Example-2-KQED.png\" alt=\"\" width=\"1953\" height=\"612\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/10/241018-Covenant-Example-2-KQED.png 1953w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/10/241018-Covenant-Example-2-KQED-800x251.png 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/10/241018-Covenant-Example-2-KQED-1020x320.png 1020w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/10/241018-Covenant-Example-2-KQED-160x50.png 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/10/241018-Covenant-Example-2-KQED-1536x481.png 1536w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/10/241018-Covenant-Example-2-KQED-1920x602.png 1920w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 1953px) 100vw, 1953px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">An example of racist covenant clauses found in thousands of Santa Clara County deed records that were flagged by an AI-powered tool from Stanford University’s RegLab. \u003ccite>(Courtesy Stanford RegLab)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Ho said he is optimistic the technology could be used to help governments look for other violations of California’s fair housing laws, including protections based on veteran status, family status, income and religion.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Surani said that as someone who identifies as Asian American, he was struck by the bluntness and banality of how the covenants were included in contracts.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“There will be one provision which says, you know, you have to install a sewage tank. The next provision, only Caucasians may live here. The next provision, you can’t construct an outhouse here,” he said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Surani said another “gut punch” was how the research helped crystallize the widespread nature of the covenants.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“We find entire towns — not just neighborhoods — towns that were racially restricted from their founding,” Surani said, such as Redwood Estates, an unincorporated town along Highway 17 in the county.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>There were heavy concentrations around Stanford and even a city-owned cemetery in San José with dozens of covenants allowing only white people to be interred.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Overall, Ho said the research showed that in 1950, about a decade after the peak use of covenants, about one in every four housing units in the county was under some sort of racially restrictive covenant.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[aside label='Related Coverage' tag='santa-clara']\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>He estimates that about 10 developers were responsible for roughly a third of all the covenants in the county, suggesting that a small group had a major influence on how Santa Clara County was plotted and built.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Some successful developers, like Joseph Eichler, chose not to include such covenants in their home tracts, “contrary to some historical scholarship, which notes that at that time, you would have lost business and would have gone out of business by not including that,” Ho said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Walter Wilson, a co-founder of the Minority Business Consortium and \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/news/11988184/african-american-cultural-center-planned-for-south-bay-gets-federal-grant\">an advocate for African Americans and Black people in the South Bay\u003c/a>, said these long-unenforceable covenants were one of the biggest ways long-term wealth was concentrated in the hands of a few and laid the foundation for \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/news/11984246/less-than-1-of-santa-clara-county-contracts-go-to-black-and-latino-businesses-study-shows\">ongoing systemic discrimination\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“That still continues to this day by design,” Wilson said. “Among those people in those communities and the folks who control the politics, there’s almost an unwritten word, where they won’t even say it.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“But you don’t see very many Black people in Cupertino. You don’t see very many Latinos in Cupertino.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>He added: “California racism is the most dangerous in the world because it is just under the surface. It lies just under the law.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Wilson said it’s exciting to see technology being used to address written discrimination but suggests the technology should also be targeted at current racist systems and practices.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“How is it addressing real discrimination that’s impacting people’s lives?” he said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad floatright]\u003c/p>\n",
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"excerpt": "Santa Clara County’s effort to find racially restrictive covenants in the county’s property deed records has been accelerated by AI technology developed at Stanford University's RegLab.\r\n",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>Even in \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/news/tag/santa-clara\">Santa Clara\u003c/a> County, home to many of the companies and centers of innovation that have earned Silicon Valley its name, governments often do things in an old-fashioned manner.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>So when California lawmakers handed down a mandate in 2021 that all counties in the state needed to cull their property deed records to find and redact racially restrictive covenants, Santa Clara County put two employees on the daunting task.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>They began in 2022 what they expected might be an up to five-year project to manually sift through tens of millions of pages of paper and digitized property deed records. They were looking for racist language that barred people of specific races or ethnicities from owning properties in the county.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“I mean, it was literally eyes on paper turning pages, then it was eyes on the computer going through those same type of pages on the reels. And they did an excellent job,” said Louis Chiaramonte, the county’s assistant clerk-recorder.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The county’s team only made its way through around 100,000 records, finding about 400 of the thousands of defunct racist clauses that are tucked into documents related to ownership of homes and control of blocks and neighborhoods of the South Bay.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>That’s when the county and \u003ca href=\"https://reglab.stanford.edu/\">Stanford University’s RegLab\u003c/a>, a hub for research and development into how government agencies can perform core services more efficiently, partnered to bring the power of AI language models onto the job, significantly speeding up the process.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>After curating racist covenant documents from seven counties across the nation, the RegLab researchers trained an open-source language model on those examples. They then put it to work, scanning 5.2 million Santa Clara County deed records from 1902 through 1980.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>It took about a week.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“What our project really shows is there’s a very different and compelling path forward to achieving these kinds of tasks that don’t suffer the kinds of cost overruns that have historically really plagued government technology contracting,” said Daniel Ho, a professor and the director of the RegLab.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Los Angeles County, for example, \u003ca href=\"https://www.latimes.com/california/story/2024-02-06/l-a-county-will-remove-racist-restrictive-covenant-language-from-millions-of-documents\">outsourced the work\u003c/a> to a contractor for about $8 million in a process expected to take about seven years to finish, Ho said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Chiaramonte said the RegLab model helped Santa Clara County accelerate the process of flagging and mapping about 7,500 restrictive covenants. From there, the covenants are reviewed and sent to the county’s lawyers for final approval before a new, modified version of the deed is recorded. About 4,500 have been completed, and the original deeds remain unchanged for historical reference.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“It’s just amazing. I’m very thankful that this opportunity presented itself, and we’re able to work with them, Chiaramonte said. “And it appears that this language model tool that they have is extremely effective and has produced meaningful changes to how we could approach things in the future.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The county employees who started the work will shift their focus to manually culling through the remaining records from 1850 to 1901 — most of which were handwritten — and digitizing newer records from after 1981.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c!-- iframe plugin v.4.3 wordpress.org/plugins/iframe/ -->\u003cbr>\n\u003ciframe loading=\"lazy\" src=\"https://reglab.github.io/racialcovenants/static/maps/dotmap_embedded.html\" width=\"1000\" height=\"700\" scrolling=\"yes\" class=\"iframe-class\" frameborder=\"0\">\u003c/iframe>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003ci>Map by \u003ca href=\"https://reglab.github.io/racialcovenants/\">Stanford University’s RegLab\u003c/a>\u003c/i>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Faiz Surani, one of the co-authors of the \u003ca href=\"https://reglab.github.io/racialcovenants/\">research paper on the project\u003c/a>, noted that the curation of examples and the training of the open-source model was the bulk of the front-end work, and it needed to be precise. The team trained the model to recognize not just simple keywords but also to identify a covenant even when a document scan is degraded, common strings of words and where in the document covenants are often located.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“If you ask ChatGPT to detect racial covenants, it’ll do a decent job out of the box,” Surani said. “The challenge is when you are going over 5 million, 10 million, 20 million records, you need to be virtually perfect, or else you’re going to be missing something or you’re going to be buried under a pile of false positives.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Surani and Ho said the model has so far shown itself to be nearly 100% accurate in finding covenants in the records it searched. In all, the AI-based technology was able to save about 86,000 person-hours for the county.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The racist covenants and restrictions often included racial epithets. The covenants were less often seen in the very early 20th century because it was still legal to zone by race. After the nation outlawed that practice as unconstitutional in 1917, deed restrictions became more commonplace as a way to use private transactions to maintain segregation.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“The language in these covenants became more targeted and explicit. Deed records reveal widespread exclusion of specific ethnic groups, including African Americans, Chinese, Japanese, and other non-Caucasian communities. Terms such as ‘Negro,’ ‘Mongolian,’ and ‘colored’ were commonly employed to delineate the racial boundaries of acceptable property owners and tenants,” the RegLab’s research paper said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_12010146\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 1953px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-full wp-image-12010146\" src=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/10/241018-Covenant-Example-2-KQED.png\" alt=\"\" width=\"1953\" height=\"612\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/10/241018-Covenant-Example-2-KQED.png 1953w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/10/241018-Covenant-Example-2-KQED-800x251.png 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/10/241018-Covenant-Example-2-KQED-1020x320.png 1020w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/10/241018-Covenant-Example-2-KQED-160x50.png 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/10/241018-Covenant-Example-2-KQED-1536x481.png 1536w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/10/241018-Covenant-Example-2-KQED-1920x602.png 1920w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 1953px) 100vw, 1953px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">An example of racist covenant clauses found in thousands of Santa Clara County deed records that were flagged by an AI-powered tool from Stanford University’s RegLab. \u003ccite>(Courtesy Stanford RegLab)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Ho said he is optimistic the technology could be used to help governments look for other violations of California’s fair housing laws, including protections based on veteran status, family status, income and religion.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Surani said that as someone who identifies as Asian American, he was struck by the bluntness and banality of how the covenants were included in contracts.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“There will be one provision which says, you know, you have to install a sewage tank. The next provision, only Caucasians may live here. The next provision, you can’t construct an outhouse here,” he said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Surani said another “gut punch” was how the research helped crystallize the widespread nature of the covenants.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“We find entire towns — not just neighborhoods — towns that were racially restricted from their founding,” Surani said, such as Redwood Estates, an unincorporated town along Highway 17 in the county.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>There were heavy concentrations around Stanford and even a city-owned cemetery in San José with dozens of covenants allowing only white people to be interred.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Overall, Ho said the research showed that in 1950, about a decade after the peak use of covenants, about one in every four housing units in the county was under some sort of racially restrictive covenant.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>He estimates that about 10 developers were responsible for roughly a third of all the covenants in the county, suggesting that a small group had a major influence on how Santa Clara County was plotted and built.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Some successful developers, like Joseph Eichler, chose not to include such covenants in their home tracts, “contrary to some historical scholarship, which notes that at that time, you would have lost business and would have gone out of business by not including that,” Ho said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Walter Wilson, a co-founder of the Minority Business Consortium and \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/news/11988184/african-american-cultural-center-planned-for-south-bay-gets-federal-grant\">an advocate for African Americans and Black people in the South Bay\u003c/a>, said these long-unenforceable covenants were one of the biggest ways long-term wealth was concentrated in the hands of a few and laid the foundation for \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/news/11984246/less-than-1-of-santa-clara-county-contracts-go-to-black-and-latino-businesses-study-shows\">ongoing systemic discrimination\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“That still continues to this day by design,” Wilson said. “Among those people in those communities and the folks who control the politics, there’s almost an unwritten word, where they won’t even say it.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“But you don’t see very many Black people in Cupertino. You don’t see very many Latinos in Cupertino.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>He added: “California racism is the most dangerous in the world because it is just under the surface. It lies just under the law.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Wilson said it’s exciting to see technology being used to address written discrimination but suggests the technology should also be targeted at current racist systems and practices.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“How is it addressing real discrimination that’s impacting people’s lives?” he said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cp>Philip G. Zimbardo, the psychologist behind the controversial “Stanford Prison Experiment” that was intended to examine the psychological experiences of imprisonment, has died. He was 91.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Stanford University announced Friday that Zimbardo died Oct. 14 at his home in San Francisco. A cause of death was not provided.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In the 1971 prison study, Zimbardo and a team of graduate students recruited college-aged males to spend two weeks in a mock prison in the basement of a building on the Stanford campus.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The study was ended after six days as the students playing guards became psychologically abusive and those playing prisoners became anxious, emotionally depressed and enraged, according to the Stanford statement.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Zimbardo was criticized for taking the role of superintendent — becoming an active participant in the study and no longer a neutral observer.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“The outcome of our study was shocking and unexpected,” Zimbardo would \u003ca href=\"https://www.gvsu.edu/cms4/asset/F51281F0-00AF-E25A-5BF632E8D4A243C7/stanford_prison_experiment.pdf\">later co-write (PDF)\u003c/a> with one of the graduate students who was part of the project.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The experiment is now used in psychology classes to study the psychology of evil and the ethics of psychological research with human subjects, Stanford said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Zimbardo’s research also included persuasion, hypnosis, cults, shyness, time perspective, altruism and compassion, Stanford said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Zimbardo is survived by his wife, Christina Maslach Zimbardo, three children and four grandchildren.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The study was ended after six days as the students playing guards became psychologically abusive and those playing prisoners became anxious, emotionally depressed and enraged, according to the Stanford statement.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Zimbardo was criticized for taking the role of superintendent — becoming an active participant in the study and no longer a neutral observer.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“The outcome of our study was shocking and unexpected,” Zimbardo would \u003ca href=\"https://www.gvsu.edu/cms4/asset/F51281F0-00AF-E25A-5BF632E8D4A243C7/stanford_prison_experiment.pdf\">later co-write (PDF)\u003c/a> with one of the graduate students who was part of the project.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The experiment is now used in psychology classes to study the psychology of evil and the ethics of psychological research with human subjects, Stanford said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Zimbardo’s research also included persuasion, hypnosis, cults, shyness, time perspective, altruism and compassion, Stanford said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Zimbardo is survived by his wife, Christina Maslach Zimbardo, three children and four grandchildren.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>",
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"content": "\u003cp>Dr. Ramzi Salti met with his new students at \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/news/tag/stanford-university\">Stanford University\u003c/a> earlier this week.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In the Arabic language course he has taught at the university for 25 years, students read the news and discuss current events. Salti, an advanced lecturer in the school’s Arabic program, told KQED he’s unsure how to incorporate the most recent conflict in Lebanon into his curriculum.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“We haven’t had time to process any of it,” said Salti, whose family left Lebanon and immigrated to the United States 45 years ago. “But you cannot have a course about current events in the Middle East and not go there.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Concern and anxiety have gripped the Bay Area’s Lebanese diaspora, a community of more than 5,000 people, according to estimates from the West Coast’s \u003ca href=\"https://honoraryconsulateoflebanon-uswestcoast.org/\">Honorary Consulate of Lebanon\u003c/a>, since Israel began pummeling southern Lebanon with airstrikes on Monday. More than 500 people were reportedly \u003ca href=\"https://www.nytimes.com/2024/09/25/world/middleeast/lebanon-civilian-death-toll-israel.html\">killed\u003c/a>, including 50 children.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Thousands fled the region for Beirut, the country’s capital on the Mediterranean coast. The airstrikes follow a series of pager and other device explosions across the country facilitated by Israel. The coordinated attack on Hezbollah killed at least \u003ca href=\"https://foreignpolicy.com/2024/09/24/hezbollah-pager-explosions-lebanon-israel-middle-east-iran-us-policy/\">40 people\u003c/a> and injured 3,000 others. Israel and Hezbollah, an Iran-backed militia and political party in Lebanon, have been locked in almost daily cross-border skirmishes since the Hamas-led attack on Israel on Oct. 7.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The majority of Richard Kadi’s family lives near Saida, a city in southern Lebanon. The barrages fuel constant worries about his cousins and uncles. Kadi, who lives in Belmont, checks on them daily. It’s difficult, he said, for them to escape the region.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_12006424\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 2000px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-full wp-image-12006424\" src=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/09/240925-LEBANESE-COMMUNITY-REACTIONS-MD-01-KQED.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"2000\" height=\"1333\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/09/240925-LEBANESE-COMMUNITY-REACTIONS-MD-01-KQED.jpg 2000w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/09/240925-LEBANESE-COMMUNITY-REACTIONS-MD-01-KQED-800x533.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/09/240925-LEBANESE-COMMUNITY-REACTIONS-MD-01-KQED-1020x680.jpg 1020w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/09/240925-LEBANESE-COMMUNITY-REACTIONS-MD-01-KQED-160x107.jpg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/09/240925-LEBANESE-COMMUNITY-REACTIONS-MD-01-KQED-1536x1024.jpg 1536w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/09/240925-LEBANESE-COMMUNITY-REACTIONS-MD-01-KQED-1920x1280.jpg 1920w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 2000px) 100vw, 2000px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">The Our Lady of Lebanon Maronite Catholic Church in Millbrae on Sept. 25, 2024. \u003ccite>(Martin do Nascimento/KQED)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>“The roads are congested,” Kadi said. “They are really afraid that there won’t be any gas for the cars, or there won’t be any food or bread. People are worried and scared, and they don’t know how far this is going to escalate.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>MJ Azzi, who came to the United States as a student six years ago, is in constant communication with her parents.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“They are very scared,” she said. “They say that whatever it is that they have been dreading to happen for the past many months is happening right now.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Salti said that the situation has spiraled more dramatically than his friends and family in Lebanon expected. They’re now afraid the country could get dragged into the worst conflict in its history.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“I think that there is a sense of doom, unfortunately, that has overtaken people who maybe had too rosy of a picture before,” he said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Salti remembers what he calls “a beautiful childhood” in the country. Lebanon was a cultural powerhouse for much of the 20th century. It has the most \u003ca href=\"https://www.bbc.com/news/world-middle-east-14647308\">liberal media\u003c/a> in any Arab country. Lebanese artists produced Arabic-language pop music, books and movies, and Beirut was known as the “Paris of the Middle East.” Many Lebanese people speak Arabic, English and French, and the country’s many religious and ethnic minorities are guaranteed representation in government.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[aside postID=news_12005195 hero='https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/09/240425-StanfordGazaProtest-018-BL_qed-1020x680.jpg']\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Bordered by Syria to the north and east and Israel to the south, Lebanon was stable for three decades after gaining independence from France in the early 1940s. Salti recalled the outbreak of the Lebanese Civil War in 1975, which began as a clash between Lebanese Christians and the Palestine Liberation Organization. Then, the U.S., Syria, Israel and Iran got involved in the 15-year conflict that displaced nearly 1 million people.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Waves of Lebanese have left the country since. Many fled when Israel invaded and occupied southern Lebanon in 1982 and again in 2006 during the Israel-Hezbollah war. Hezbollah was founded after Israel’s invasion in 1982.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The history looms heavily over this week’s fighting.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“That’s been the story of Lebanon for the past 50 years,” said Kadi, who emigrated from Lebanon 24 years ago. “Every now and then, there’s been bombardment attacks or airplanes flying over our heads.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Younger Lebanese, like Azzi, have been traumatized by the periodic violence, as well as the port explosion that rocked Beirut in 2020.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“You can never plan for the future,” said Azzi, 27. “I grew up in a climate of instability, and it just feels like it’s been the same for as long as I’ve known.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>California is home to the second-largest Lebanese diaspora in the U.S. after Michigan. Thousands gather annually at the Bay Area Lebanese Festival held in August in downtown Redwood City. On weekends, Kadi and friends play soccer and cards together, and they meet on Sundays at Our Lady of Lebanon Maronite Catholic Church in Millbrae.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>While Kadi isn’t part of a political organization, he and others in the community share their opinions about the inflamed tensions in the region.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“People see things differently, from different perspectives,” Kadi said. “Of course, people blame Hezbollah. But at the end of the day, it’s the bigger power who can actually serve justice.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Several Bay Area politicians have called for an end to the violence. East Bay Congressman Mark DeSaulnier (D-Concord), who voted against providing offensive weapons to Israel earlier this year, is among the elected officials urging the Biden administration to pursue a ceasefire in the region.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“I’d like to see America assert that there has to be a regional and international pressure on both sides to stop and to get to a discussion about long-term peace, which means coexistence,” DeSaulnier said. “We’re tempting World War III. Not to be over reactionary, but smaller conflicts, as history has taught us, can escalate.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In his final speech addressing the United Nations General Assembly on Tuesday, President Joe Biden said, “Nobody wants to see full-scale war.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“A solution is still possible,” he added.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Both Salti and Kadi hoped for a stronger statement from Biden. As they wait for a ceasefire, they find hope in community and culture.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>When he’s not teaching, Salti hosts a radio program and podcast called \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/news/11993183/ramzi-salti-champions-indie-arab-musicians-with-arabology-podcast\">Arabology\u003c/a>. Each \u003ca href=\"https://soundcloud.com/arabology/sets/podcasts\">two-hour episode\u003c/a> is filled with facts about Arabic music and artists, woven through an array of indie-Arabic tracks and remixes.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>He’s planning an episode on Lebanese music featuring, Salti said, “everything that’s beautiful about Lebanon, not the war and destruction.” Included in the mix is “\u003ca href=\"https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Hb7WKF3WLV0\">I Love You, Lebanon\u003c/a>,” a song released in 1970 by Fairuz, whom he called “the Diva of Lebanon.” The nostalgic lyrics summarize the love that a lot of Lebanese have for their country, Salti said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“It’s a song about peace, about loving Lebanon through its best times and worst times,” he said. “It’s the best medication I could recommend right now in terms of Lebanese music that can be healing and empowering.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>KQED’s \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/author/carlysevern\">Carly Severn\u003c/a> contributed to this report\u003c/em>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad floatright]\u003c/p>\n",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>Dr. Ramzi Salti met with his new students at \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/news/tag/stanford-university\">Stanford University\u003c/a> earlier this week.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In the Arabic language course he has taught at the university for 25 years, students read the news and discuss current events. Salti, an advanced lecturer in the school’s Arabic program, told KQED he’s unsure how to incorporate the most recent conflict in Lebanon into his curriculum.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“We haven’t had time to process any of it,” said Salti, whose family left Lebanon and immigrated to the United States 45 years ago. “But you cannot have a course about current events in the Middle East and not go there.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Concern and anxiety have gripped the Bay Area’s Lebanese diaspora, a community of more than 5,000 people, according to estimates from the West Coast’s \u003ca href=\"https://honoraryconsulateoflebanon-uswestcoast.org/\">Honorary Consulate of Lebanon\u003c/a>, since Israel began pummeling southern Lebanon with airstrikes on Monday. More than 500 people were reportedly \u003ca href=\"https://www.nytimes.com/2024/09/25/world/middleeast/lebanon-civilian-death-toll-israel.html\">killed\u003c/a>, including 50 children.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Thousands fled the region for Beirut, the country’s capital on the Mediterranean coast. The airstrikes follow a series of pager and other device explosions across the country facilitated by Israel. The coordinated attack on Hezbollah killed at least \u003ca href=\"https://foreignpolicy.com/2024/09/24/hezbollah-pager-explosions-lebanon-israel-middle-east-iran-us-policy/\">40 people\u003c/a> and injured 3,000 others. Israel and Hezbollah, an Iran-backed militia and political party in Lebanon, have been locked in almost daily cross-border skirmishes since the Hamas-led attack on Israel on Oct. 7.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The majority of Richard Kadi’s family lives near Saida, a city in southern Lebanon. The barrages fuel constant worries about his cousins and uncles. Kadi, who lives in Belmont, checks on them daily. It’s difficult, he said, for them to escape the region.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_12006424\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 2000px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-full wp-image-12006424\" src=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/09/240925-LEBANESE-COMMUNITY-REACTIONS-MD-01-KQED.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"2000\" height=\"1333\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/09/240925-LEBANESE-COMMUNITY-REACTIONS-MD-01-KQED.jpg 2000w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/09/240925-LEBANESE-COMMUNITY-REACTIONS-MD-01-KQED-800x533.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/09/240925-LEBANESE-COMMUNITY-REACTIONS-MD-01-KQED-1020x680.jpg 1020w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/09/240925-LEBANESE-COMMUNITY-REACTIONS-MD-01-KQED-160x107.jpg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/09/240925-LEBANESE-COMMUNITY-REACTIONS-MD-01-KQED-1536x1024.jpg 1536w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/09/240925-LEBANESE-COMMUNITY-REACTIONS-MD-01-KQED-1920x1280.jpg 1920w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 2000px) 100vw, 2000px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">The Our Lady of Lebanon Maronite Catholic Church in Millbrae on Sept. 25, 2024. \u003ccite>(Martin do Nascimento/KQED)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>“The roads are congested,” Kadi said. “They are really afraid that there won’t be any gas for the cars, or there won’t be any food or bread. People are worried and scared, and they don’t know how far this is going to escalate.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>MJ Azzi, who came to the United States as a student six years ago, is in constant communication with her parents.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“They are very scared,” she said. “They say that whatever it is that they have been dreading to happen for the past many months is happening right now.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Salti said that the situation has spiraled more dramatically than his friends and family in Lebanon expected. They’re now afraid the country could get dragged into the worst conflict in its history.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“I think that there is a sense of doom, unfortunately, that has overtaken people who maybe had too rosy of a picture before,” he said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Salti remembers what he calls “a beautiful childhood” in the country. Lebanon was a cultural powerhouse for much of the 20th century. It has the most \u003ca href=\"https://www.bbc.com/news/world-middle-east-14647308\">liberal media\u003c/a> in any Arab country. Lebanese artists produced Arabic-language pop music, books and movies, and Beirut was known as the “Paris of the Middle East.” Many Lebanese people speak Arabic, English and French, and the country’s many religious and ethnic minorities are guaranteed representation in government.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Bordered by Syria to the north and east and Israel to the south, Lebanon was stable for three decades after gaining independence from France in the early 1940s. Salti recalled the outbreak of the Lebanese Civil War in 1975, which began as a clash between Lebanese Christians and the Palestine Liberation Organization. Then, the U.S., Syria, Israel and Iran got involved in the 15-year conflict that displaced nearly 1 million people.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Waves of Lebanese have left the country since. Many fled when Israel invaded and occupied southern Lebanon in 1982 and again in 2006 during the Israel-Hezbollah war. Hezbollah was founded after Israel’s invasion in 1982.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The history looms heavily over this week’s fighting.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“That’s been the story of Lebanon for the past 50 years,” said Kadi, who emigrated from Lebanon 24 years ago. “Every now and then, there’s been bombardment attacks or airplanes flying over our heads.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Younger Lebanese, like Azzi, have been traumatized by the periodic violence, as well as the port explosion that rocked Beirut in 2020.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“You can never plan for the future,” said Azzi, 27. “I grew up in a climate of instability, and it just feels like it’s been the same for as long as I’ve known.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>California is home to the second-largest Lebanese diaspora in the U.S. after Michigan. Thousands gather annually at the Bay Area Lebanese Festival held in August in downtown Redwood City. On weekends, Kadi and friends play soccer and cards together, and they meet on Sundays at Our Lady of Lebanon Maronite Catholic Church in Millbrae.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>While Kadi isn’t part of a political organization, he and others in the community share their opinions about the inflamed tensions in the region.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“People see things differently, from different perspectives,” Kadi said. “Of course, people blame Hezbollah. But at the end of the day, it’s the bigger power who can actually serve justice.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Several Bay Area politicians have called for an end to the violence. East Bay Congressman Mark DeSaulnier (D-Concord), who voted against providing offensive weapons to Israel earlier this year, is among the elected officials urging the Biden administration to pursue a ceasefire in the region.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“I’d like to see America assert that there has to be a regional and international pressure on both sides to stop and to get to a discussion about long-term peace, which means coexistence,” DeSaulnier said. “We’re tempting World War III. Not to be over reactionary, but smaller conflicts, as history has taught us, can escalate.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In his final speech addressing the United Nations General Assembly on Tuesday, President Joe Biden said, “Nobody wants to see full-scale war.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“A solution is still possible,” he added.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Both Salti and Kadi hoped for a stronger statement from Biden. As they wait for a ceasefire, they find hope in community and culture.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>When he’s not teaching, Salti hosts a radio program and podcast called \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/news/11993183/ramzi-salti-champions-indie-arab-musicians-with-arabology-podcast\">Arabology\u003c/a>. Each \u003ca href=\"https://soundcloud.com/arabology/sets/podcasts\">two-hour episode\u003c/a> is filled with facts about Arabic music and artists, woven through an array of indie-Arabic tracks and remixes.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>He’s planning an episode on Lebanese music featuring, Salti said, “everything that’s beautiful about Lebanon, not the war and destruction.” Included in the mix is “\u003ca href=\"https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Hb7WKF3WLV0\">I Love You, Lebanon\u003c/a>,” a song released in 1970 by Fairuz, whom he called “the Diva of Lebanon.” The nostalgic lyrics summarize the love that a lot of Lebanese have for their country, Salti said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“It’s a song about peace, about loving Lebanon through its best times and worst times,” he said. “It’s the best medication I could recommend right now in terms of Lebanese music that can be healing and empowering.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>KQED’s \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/author/carlysevern\">Carly Severn\u003c/a> contributed to this report\u003c/em>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cp>Days before the start of its fall term, \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/news/tag/stanford\">Stanford\u003c/a> announced new “freedom of expression” policies amid a polarized presidential election season and the ongoing war in Gaza.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Among the biggest policy changes are an obligation to remove facial coverings when asked and a clarification of the camping policy, requiring that tents and structures be removed overnight regardless of whether people are present. Much of the policy is not new, but it centralizes rules regarding where and how students can protest, and it introduces a new reporting system for discrimination after multiple \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/news/11989050/pro-palestinian-stanford-protesters-detained-after-occupying-presidents-office\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">high-profile antiwar protests\u003c/a> — including a barricade inside the office of the university’s president that \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/news/11991389/press-freedom-groups-want-charges-dropped-against-stanford-student-journalist\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">resulted in 13 arrests\u003c/a> — in the spring.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The new rule on facial coverings requires people to remove them for the purpose of identification “under circumstances covered by the Campus Disruptions Policy,” similar to \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/news/12002150/uc-academic-workers-union-says-new-protest-policies-will-limit-free-speech\">policies introduced at other universities\u003c/a> this fall. People could be asked to remove masks for identification if they are violating policy by disrupting or preventing classes, lectures, meetings and other activities, obstructing the movement of any person around a campus building, or refusing to leave a building that is closed.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“It’s a method of surveillance that a lot of students don’t necessarily feel comfortable with,” Emily Williams, who was a spokesperson for the Stanford Against Apartheid in Palestine coalition in the spring, told KQED. They said some students were worried about the “subjectivity” of the requirement.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“In a time where COVID-19 rates are rising and other infectious diseases, as people are returning from their travels for the summer, it’s a policy that might scare people out of wearing facial protection because of the fear of being surveilled or being singled out.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The overnight camping policy, which disallows staying outside on university campus between 10 p.m. and 8 a.m., has also been updated to prevent “setting up structures that remain between those hours,” regardless of whether people are in them. The policy was \u003ca href=\"https://news.stanford.edu/stories/2024/02/preserving-free-speech-safety-white-plaza\">enforced in February\u003c/a>, ending a sit-in by pro-Palestinian protesters on the campus’ White Plaza that had lasted more than 100 days.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_12005209\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 2000px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-full wp-image-12005209\" src=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/09/240425-StanfordGazaProtest-017-BL_qed.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"2000\" height=\"1333\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/09/240425-StanfordGazaProtest-017-BL_qed.jpg 2000w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/09/240425-StanfordGazaProtest-017-BL_qed-800x533.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/09/240425-StanfordGazaProtest-017-BL_qed-1020x680.jpg 1020w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/09/240425-StanfordGazaProtest-017-BL_qed-160x107.jpg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/09/240425-StanfordGazaProtest-017-BL_qed-1536x1024.jpg 1536w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/09/240425-StanfordGazaProtest-017-BL_qed-1920x1280.jpg 1920w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 2000px) 100vw, 2000px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Pro-Palestinian demonstrators march through the Stanford University campus in Stanford, Calif., on April 25, 2024, calling for the university to divest from Israel. \u003ccite>(Beth LaBerge/KQED)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>However, Williams said that a later encampment set up in April was allowed to remain in place until June 5, when campus leaders dismantled it after the occupation of the president’s office by protesters. Stanford’s new president, Jonathan Levin, \u003ca href=\"https://www.sfchronicle.com/bayarea/article/stanford-debuts-freedom-expression-policy-19772135.php\">told the \u003cem>San Francisco Chronicle\u003c/em>\u003c/a> two weeks ago that the school would enforce and be clear about its policies this year.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In an email shared with students on Tuesday, campus leaders said the new Freedom of Expression website provides interim guidance on “the application of freedom of expression principles in different contexts around campus.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“The focus of our policies is on having reasonable, viewpoint-neutral time, place and manner rules that leave ample channels for expression,” the message from Provost Jenny Martinez and Vice Provost for Student Affairs Michele Rasmussen reads.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The site also centralizes rules for events on White Plaza, where large “spontaneous” gatherings by campus affiliates are allowed without advance permission. The policy requires credence for planned events and adherence to “rules regarding amplified noise and other issues.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[aside postID=news_12002172 hero='https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2022/05/RS19790_GettyImages-493193647-qut-1020x702.jpg']\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Several other outdoor areas — Meyer Green, the groves next to the Oval, Manzanita Field, and Panama Street Clearing — have been designated for large events. Small gatherings can be held in a wider variety of settings, but events held at these locations with over 100 participants, loud sound, marching or running, or a high-profile speaker will be subject to new Major Event Protocol, which requires permission from the Office of Student Engagement or registration by a faculty or staff member. The site says permission won’t be denied based on the “viewpoint of speakers or participants,” but organizers must follow registration rules and work with campus authorities.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>New policy also tightens rules on recording and taking photos of lectures and official course-related activities and limits allowed photos for personal use.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Widespread recording may chill open discussion within classrooms when students are faced with the possibility of a comment made in class ‘going viral’ on social media,” the policy reads.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>A second website linked in the provosts’ email also introduces a new Title VI process for students to report discrimination, replacing the university’s Protected Identity Harm Reporting (PIHR) protocol. It includes an early screen for reports involving speech protected by federal or state law, a structure for providing updates on existing claims and a dashboard for reporting incidents to the community, according to the message.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Leaders say the new process is in response to concerns with PIHR, including confusion about its purpose, the timeline for following up on submitted reports and “long-standing concerns about the potential for the PIHR process to chill freedom of expression.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The new system is formed around Title VI, which prohibits institutions receiving federal funding from discriminating on the basis of race, while the previous focused on “protected identity harm,” which the email calls “vague.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Much of the guidance is “interim,” administrators said in the email sent to students on Tuesday, and some policies will continue to be evaluated over the next year.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Williams said that how students respond largely depends on how the policy changes affect their lives.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“I think it’s just a matter of being able to experience it first and see how they’re going to play into action,” they told KQED. “Student reaction could largely vary.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>Days before the start of its fall term, \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/news/tag/stanford\">Stanford\u003c/a> announced new “freedom of expression” policies amid a polarized presidential election season and the ongoing war in Gaza.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Among the biggest policy changes are an obligation to remove facial coverings when asked and a clarification of the camping policy, requiring that tents and structures be removed overnight regardless of whether people are present. Much of the policy is not new, but it centralizes rules regarding where and how students can protest, and it introduces a new reporting system for discrimination after multiple \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/news/11989050/pro-palestinian-stanford-protesters-detained-after-occupying-presidents-office\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">high-profile antiwar protests\u003c/a> — including a barricade inside the office of the university’s president that \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/news/11991389/press-freedom-groups-want-charges-dropped-against-stanford-student-journalist\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">resulted in 13 arrests\u003c/a> — in the spring.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The new rule on facial coverings requires people to remove them for the purpose of identification “under circumstances covered by the Campus Disruptions Policy,” similar to \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/news/12002150/uc-academic-workers-union-says-new-protest-policies-will-limit-free-speech\">policies introduced at other universities\u003c/a> this fall. People could be asked to remove masks for identification if they are violating policy by disrupting or preventing classes, lectures, meetings and other activities, obstructing the movement of any person around a campus building, or refusing to leave a building that is closed.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“It’s a method of surveillance that a lot of students don’t necessarily feel comfortable with,” Emily Williams, who was a spokesperson for the Stanford Against Apartheid in Palestine coalition in the spring, told KQED. They said some students were worried about the “subjectivity” of the requirement.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“In a time where COVID-19 rates are rising and other infectious diseases, as people are returning from their travels for the summer, it’s a policy that might scare people out of wearing facial protection because of the fear of being surveilled or being singled out.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The overnight camping policy, which disallows staying outside on university campus between 10 p.m. and 8 a.m., has also been updated to prevent “setting up structures that remain between those hours,” regardless of whether people are in them. The policy was \u003ca href=\"https://news.stanford.edu/stories/2024/02/preserving-free-speech-safety-white-plaza\">enforced in February\u003c/a>, ending a sit-in by pro-Palestinian protesters on the campus’ White Plaza that had lasted more than 100 days.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_12005209\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 2000px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-full wp-image-12005209\" src=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/09/240425-StanfordGazaProtest-017-BL_qed.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"2000\" height=\"1333\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/09/240425-StanfordGazaProtest-017-BL_qed.jpg 2000w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/09/240425-StanfordGazaProtest-017-BL_qed-800x533.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/09/240425-StanfordGazaProtest-017-BL_qed-1020x680.jpg 1020w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/09/240425-StanfordGazaProtest-017-BL_qed-160x107.jpg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/09/240425-StanfordGazaProtest-017-BL_qed-1536x1024.jpg 1536w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/09/240425-StanfordGazaProtest-017-BL_qed-1920x1280.jpg 1920w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 2000px) 100vw, 2000px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Pro-Palestinian demonstrators march through the Stanford University campus in Stanford, Calif., on April 25, 2024, calling for the university to divest from Israel. \u003ccite>(Beth LaBerge/KQED)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>However, Williams said that a later encampment set up in April was allowed to remain in place until June 5, when campus leaders dismantled it after the occupation of the president’s office by protesters. Stanford’s new president, Jonathan Levin, \u003ca href=\"https://www.sfchronicle.com/bayarea/article/stanford-debuts-freedom-expression-policy-19772135.php\">told the \u003cem>San Francisco Chronicle\u003c/em>\u003c/a> two weeks ago that the school would enforce and be clear about its policies this year.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In an email shared with students on Tuesday, campus leaders said the new Freedom of Expression website provides interim guidance on “the application of freedom of expression principles in different contexts around campus.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“The focus of our policies is on having reasonable, viewpoint-neutral time, place and manner rules that leave ample channels for expression,” the message from Provost Jenny Martinez and Vice Provost for Student Affairs Michele Rasmussen reads.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The site also centralizes rules for events on White Plaza, where large “spontaneous” gatherings by campus affiliates are allowed without advance permission. The policy requires credence for planned events and adherence to “rules regarding amplified noise and other issues.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Several other outdoor areas — Meyer Green, the groves next to the Oval, Manzanita Field, and Panama Street Clearing — have been designated for large events. Small gatherings can be held in a wider variety of settings, but events held at these locations with over 100 participants, loud sound, marching or running, or a high-profile speaker will be subject to new Major Event Protocol, which requires permission from the Office of Student Engagement or registration by a faculty or staff member. The site says permission won’t be denied based on the “viewpoint of speakers or participants,” but organizers must follow registration rules and work with campus authorities.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>New policy also tightens rules on recording and taking photos of lectures and official course-related activities and limits allowed photos for personal use.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Widespread recording may chill open discussion within classrooms when students are faced with the possibility of a comment made in class ‘going viral’ on social media,” the policy reads.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>A second website linked in the provosts’ email also introduces a new Title VI process for students to report discrimination, replacing the university’s Protected Identity Harm Reporting (PIHR) protocol. It includes an early screen for reports involving speech protected by federal or state law, a structure for providing updates on existing claims and a dashboard for reporting incidents to the community, according to the message.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Leaders say the new process is in response to concerns with PIHR, including confusion about its purpose, the timeline for following up on submitted reports and “long-standing concerns about the potential for the PIHR process to chill freedom of expression.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The new system is formed around Title VI, which prohibits institutions receiving federal funding from discriminating on the basis of race, while the previous focused on “protected identity harm,” which the email calls “vague.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Much of the guidance is “interim,” administrators said in the email sent to students on Tuesday, and some policies will continue to be evaluated over the next year.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Williams said that how students respond largely depends on how the policy changes affect their lives.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“I think it’s just a matter of being able to experience it first and see how they’re going to play into action,” they told KQED. “Student reaction could largely vary.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>",
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"slug": "stanford-sparks-literary-backlash-by-phasing-out-creative-writing-lecturers-jobs",
"title": "Stanford Sparks Literary Backlash by Phasing Out Creative Writing Lecturers’ Jobs",
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"content": "\u003cp>Sarah Frisch starts each of her creative writing courses at \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/news/tag/stanford\">Stanford\u003c/a> University by letting her students know the classroom is a working community.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Stanford can be a difficult, high-pressure space, and Frisch said creative writing courses can be a respite.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Students read this incredible literature, and they meet people they ordinarily just read about,” Frisch said. “But I think the part that’s really powerful is to see that writers are ordinary people. Writers write within friendships, and they get plugged into that community.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Now, Frisch and other lecturers worry that the job security and lecturer longevity that make those relationships possible will disappear. During a video meeting last week, Frisch and her colleagues learned the Stanford Creative Writing Program’s nearly two dozen lecturers would lose their current positions over the next two years.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Instead, a faculty working group recommended the program’s lectureships consist of one-year appointments with the possibility of renewal for a limited period of up to five years.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Many of the current lecturers have taught at the university for more than a decade.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“I feel like our students were betrayed,” said Frisch, who has been a Stanford lecturer since 2009. “The whole program is going to be based on temporary labor, and that is a sea change from the program that we have. And that means that the program we have no longer exists.”\u003c/p>\n\u003ch2>Transitioning to short-term futures\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>In a \u003ca href=\"https://creativewriting.stanford.edu/news/stanford-creative-writing-program\">statement\u003c/a> posted on the university’s website on Wednesday, the School of Humanities and Sciences and Creative Writing Program leadership defended the changes, arguing that the lectureship program, known as Jones lectureships, was originally intended for limited-term appointments.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[aside postID=news_11951849 hero='https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2023/06/RS65953_003_KQED_StanfordGradUnion_05302023-qut-1020x680.jpg']\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“We plan for there to be as many lecturers in the Program in five years as there are today, and we expect to offer more classes then than now,” the statement reads. “The university, school, and numerous generous donors are committed to not only the excellence of the program but also its growth.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Colleagues credit the Creative Writing Program’s success and popularity to support for lecturers from the late Eavan Boland, a distinguished poet and former director of the program. Boland, who died in 2020, encouraged lecturers to develop their own ambitious classes and foster deep mentoring relationships with undergraduates.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“She empowered lecturers not only to have job longevity but to use that time to innovate in the classroom,” said Nina Schloesser Tárano, who has been teaching in the Creative Writing Program since 2012.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“This is being treated as a luxury — my ability to be there for the entirety of somebody’s career as an undergraduate. But it’s my job, and it should be,” Schloesser Tárano said.\u003c/p>\n\u003ch2>Students, alums and writers sound off\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>The changes to Stanford’s Creative Writing Program quickly generated widespread outrage online. In a \u003ca href=\"https://medium.com/@tom.kealey/more-details-in-the-stanford-creative-writing-scandal-5a91193a4ab6\">Medium post\u003c/a>, lecturer Tom Kealey noted that the changes come a year after lecturers, who made around $52,000, asked for a pay increase.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"https://x.com/JoyceCarolOates/status/1828529858923606156\">Writer Joyce Carol Oates wrote on X\u003c/a>, “I am puzzled most by the lack of simple collegiality & generosity at one of the most wealthy universities in the world. Stanford’s endowment could support an entire nation.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[aside postID=news_11989520 hero='https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/06/240605-STANFORD-JG-14-1-1020x680.jpg']\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Kyle Wang, who graduated from Stanford in 2023 with a master’s in the modern thought and literature program, started a \u003ca href=\"https://docs.google.com/document/d/10PoTTX9UtWr9-fCm6Rk-JyBl2tmwpInAyaFEyTSp_B8/mobilebasic\">petition\u003c/a> calling on the university to change course and reinstate the lecturers whose contracts will be phased out.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Wang said the lecturers in the Creative Writing Program changed his life.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>When Wang first came to Stanford, he was unsure what to study. He had grown up in Silicon Valley, “where everyone and their mother” worked in tech or tech-adjacent fields. He took computer science class after computer science class. Then, in January 2019, he took his first creative writing class.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“A couple of weeks later, I think I knew deep down that I was going to be studying English,” Wang said. “Every single class that I’ve taken with a Jones lecturer has, in some new way, shape, or form, not only pushed me as a writer and thinker — it showed me a different way of imagining that a life in writing and a life in the arts could be possible.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>He worries for future generations of students who may not be able to build those same life-changing relationships with lecturers and about the institutional knowledge that could be lost.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Sarah Frisch is not sure what’s next when her lectureship ends. Classes start again next month, and she said in the meantime, she will focus on her students.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“I just want them to know those of us who are in this crappy position see and hear them,” Frisch said. “We’re willing to fight for their experience and their futures.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n",
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"headline": "Stanford Sparks Literary Backlash by Phasing Out Creative Writing Lecturers’ Jobs",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>Sarah Frisch starts each of her creative writing courses at \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/news/tag/stanford\">Stanford\u003c/a> University by letting her students know the classroom is a working community.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Stanford can be a difficult, high-pressure space, and Frisch said creative writing courses can be a respite.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Students read this incredible literature, and they meet people they ordinarily just read about,” Frisch said. “But I think the part that’s really powerful is to see that writers are ordinary people. Writers write within friendships, and they get plugged into that community.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Now, Frisch and other lecturers worry that the job security and lecturer longevity that make those relationships possible will disappear. During a video meeting last week, Frisch and her colleagues learned the Stanford Creative Writing Program’s nearly two dozen lecturers would lose their current positions over the next two years.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Instead, a faculty working group recommended the program’s lectureships consist of one-year appointments with the possibility of renewal for a limited period of up to five years.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Many of the current lecturers have taught at the university for more than a decade.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“I feel like our students were betrayed,” said Frisch, who has been a Stanford lecturer since 2009. “The whole program is going to be based on temporary labor, and that is a sea change from the program that we have. And that means that the program we have no longer exists.”\u003c/p>\n\u003ch2>Transitioning to short-term futures\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>In a \u003ca href=\"https://creativewriting.stanford.edu/news/stanford-creative-writing-program\">statement\u003c/a> posted on the university’s website on Wednesday, the School of Humanities and Sciences and Creative Writing Program leadership defended the changes, arguing that the lectureship program, known as Jones lectureships, was originally intended for limited-term appointments.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“We plan for there to be as many lecturers in the Program in five years as there are today, and we expect to offer more classes then than now,” the statement reads. “The university, school, and numerous generous donors are committed to not only the excellence of the program but also its growth.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Colleagues credit the Creative Writing Program’s success and popularity to support for lecturers from the late Eavan Boland, a distinguished poet and former director of the program. Boland, who died in 2020, encouraged lecturers to develop their own ambitious classes and foster deep mentoring relationships with undergraduates.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“She empowered lecturers not only to have job longevity but to use that time to innovate in the classroom,” said Nina Schloesser Tárano, who has been teaching in the Creative Writing Program since 2012.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“This is being treated as a luxury — my ability to be there for the entirety of somebody’s career as an undergraduate. But it’s my job, and it should be,” Schloesser Tárano said.\u003c/p>\n\u003ch2>Students, alums and writers sound off\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>The changes to Stanford’s Creative Writing Program quickly generated widespread outrage online. In a \u003ca href=\"https://medium.com/@tom.kealey/more-details-in-the-stanford-creative-writing-scandal-5a91193a4ab6\">Medium post\u003c/a>, lecturer Tom Kealey noted that the changes come a year after lecturers, who made around $52,000, asked for a pay increase.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"https://x.com/JoyceCarolOates/status/1828529858923606156\">Writer Joyce Carol Oates wrote on X\u003c/a>, “I am puzzled most by the lack of simple collegiality & generosity at one of the most wealthy universities in the world. Stanford’s endowment could support an entire nation.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Kyle Wang, who graduated from Stanford in 2023 with a master’s in the modern thought and literature program, started a \u003ca href=\"https://docs.google.com/document/d/10PoTTX9UtWr9-fCm6Rk-JyBl2tmwpInAyaFEyTSp_B8/mobilebasic\">petition\u003c/a> calling on the university to change course and reinstate the lecturers whose contracts will be phased out.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Wang said the lecturers in the Creative Writing Program changed his life.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>When Wang first came to Stanford, he was unsure what to study. He had grown up in Silicon Valley, “where everyone and their mother” worked in tech or tech-adjacent fields. He took computer science class after computer science class. Then, in January 2019, he took his first creative writing class.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“A couple of weeks later, I think I knew deep down that I was going to be studying English,” Wang said. “Every single class that I’ve taken with a Jones lecturer has, in some new way, shape, or form, not only pushed me as a writer and thinker — it showed me a different way of imagining that a life in writing and a life in the arts could be possible.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>He worries for future generations of students who may not be able to build those same life-changing relationships with lecturers and about the institutional knowledge that could be lost.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Sarah Frisch is not sure what’s next when her lectureship ends. Classes start again next month, and she said in the meantime, she will focus on her students.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“I just want them to know those of us who are in this crappy position see and hear them,” Frisch said. “We’re willing to fight for their experience and their futures.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>",
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"info": "What kind of no sabo word is Hyphenación? For us, it’s about living within a hyphenation. Like being a third-gen Mexican-American from the Texas border now living that Bay Area Chicano life. Like Xorje! Each week we bring together a couple of hyphenated Latinos to talk all about personal life choices: family, careers, relationships, belonging … everything is on the table. ",
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"info": "Our flagship program, helmed by Kai Ryssdal, examines what the day in money delivered, through stories, conversations, newsworthy numbers and more. Updated Monday through Friday at about 3:30 p.m. PT.",
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"info": "The MindShift podcast explores the innovations in education that are shaping how kids learn. Hosts Ki Sung and Katrina Schwartz introduce listeners to educators, researchers, parents and students who are developing effective ways to improve how kids learn. We cover topics like how fed-up administrators are developing surprising tactics to deal with classroom disruptions; how listening to podcasts are helping kids develop reading skills; the consequences of overparenting; and why interdisciplinary learning can engage students on all ends of the traditional achievement spectrum. This podcast is part of the MindShift education site, a division of KQED News. KQED is an NPR/PBS member station based in San Francisco. You can also visit the MindShift website for episodes and supplemental blog posts or tweet us \u003ca href=\"https://twitter.com/MindShiftKQED\">@MindShiftKQED\u003c/a> or visit us at \u003ca href=\"/mindshift\">MindShift.KQED.org\u003c/a>",
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"info": "For decades, the process for how police police themselves has been inconsistent – if not opaque. In some states, like California, these proceedings were completely hidden. After a new police transparency law unsealed scores of internal affairs files, our reporters set out to examine these cases and the shadow world of police discipline. On Our Watch brings listeners into the rooms where officers are questioned and witnesses are interrogated to find out who this system is really protecting. Is it the officers, or the public they've sworn to serve?",
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"politicalbreakdown": {
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"title": "Political Breakdown",
"tagline": "Politics from a personal perspective",
"info": "Political Breakdown is a new series that explores the political intersection of California and the nation. Each week hosts Scott Shafer and Marisa Lagos are joined with a new special guest to unpack politics -- with personality — and offer an insider’s glimpse at how politics happens.",
"airtime": "THU 6:30pm-7pm",
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"possible": {
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"title": "Possible",
"info": "Possible is hosted by entrepreneur Reid Hoffman and writer Aria Finger. Together in Possible, Hoffman and Finger lead enlightening discussions about building a brighter collective future. The show features interviews with visionary guests like Trevor Noah, Sam Altman and Janette Sadik-Khan. Possible paints an optimistic portrait of the world we can create through science, policy, business, art and our shared humanity. It asks: What if everything goes right for once? How can we get there? Each episode also includes a short fiction story generated by advanced AI GPT-4, serving as a thought-provoking springboard to speculate how humanity could leverage technology for good.",
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"pri-the-world": {
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"title": "PRI's The World: Latest Edition",
"info": "Each weekday, host Marco Werman and his team of producers bring you the world's most interesting stories in an hour of radio that reminds us just how small our planet really is.",
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"imageSrc": "https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/04/The-World-Podcast-Tile-360x360-1.jpg",
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},
"radiolab": {
"id": "radiolab",
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"info": "A two-time Peabody Award-winner, Radiolab is an investigation told through sounds and stories, and centered around one big idea. In the Radiolab world, information sounds like music and science and culture collide. Hosted by Jad Abumrad and Robert Krulwich, the show is designed for listeners who demand skepticism, but appreciate wonder. WNYC Studios is the producer of other leading podcasts including Freakonomics Radio, Death, Sex & Money, On the Media and many more.",
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},
"reveal": {
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"title": "Reveal",
"info": "Created by The Center for Investigative Reporting and PRX, Reveal is public radios first one-hour weekly radio show and podcast dedicated to investigative reporting. Credible, fact based and without a partisan agenda, Reveal combines the power and artistry of driveway moment storytelling with data-rich reporting on critically important issues. The result is stories that inform and inspire, arming our listeners with information to right injustices, hold the powerful accountable and improve lives.Reveal is hosted by Al Letson and showcases the award-winning work of CIR and newsrooms large and small across the nation. In a radio and podcast market crowded with choices, Reveal focuses on important and often surprising stories that illuminate the world for our listeners.",
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"officialWebsiteLink": "https://www.revealnews.org/episodes/",
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},
"rightnowish": {
"id": "rightnowish",
"title": "Rightnowish",
"tagline": "Art is where you find it",
"info": "Rightnowish digs into life in the Bay Area right now… ish. Journalist Pendarvis Harshaw takes us to galleries painted on the sides of liquor stores in West Oakland. We'll dance in warehouses in the Bayview, make smoothies with kids in South Berkeley, and listen to classical music in a 1984 Cutlass Supreme in Richmond. Every week, Pen talks to movers and shakers about how the Bay Area shapes what they create, and how they shape the place we call home.",
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"order": 16
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},
"science-friday": {
"id": "science-friday",
"title": "Science Friday",
"info": "Science Friday is a weekly science talk show, broadcast live over public radio stations nationwide. Each week, the show focuses on science topics that are in the news and tries to bring an educated, balanced discussion to bear on the scientific issues at hand. Panels of expert guests join host Ira Flatow, a veteran science journalist, to discuss science and to take questions from listeners during the call-in portion of the program.",
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