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"content": "\u003cp>\u003cspan style=\"font-size: 4.6875em;float: left;line-height: 0.733em;padding: 0.05em 0.1em 0 0;font-family: times, serif, georgia\">W\u003c/span>hen firefighters from the San Francisco Fire Department’s Station 8 see a construction site these days, they see more than a framework slowly taking shape as an apartment house or office building.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Now, a year after the Station 8 crew was among the first to rush to the scene of \u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/news/2014/03/11/4-alarm-fire-san-francisco/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">a blaze\u003c/a> that destroyed a six-story apartment building under construction in Mission Bay, the firefighters see the potential for another inferno.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Pat Rabbitt, a Station 8 lieutenant, says he and fellow firefighters size up the new buildings they see with the Mission Bay fire in mind.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“We’re noticing similar construction,” Rabbitt says. “We’re trying to figure out other ways to go about it should we ever encounter the situation again.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[soundcloud url=”https://api.soundcloud.com/tracks/195355160″ params=”color=ff5500&auto_play=false&hide_related=false&show_comments=true&show_user=true&show_reposts=false” width=”100%” height=”166″ iframe=”true” /]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“The situation” Rabbitt’s referring to is the blaze that raced through the sprawling wood-frame structure at Fourth and China Basin streets — just across the way from AT&T Park — last March 11. The fire caused $40 million in damage and injured several firefighters. It ranks as one of the most destructive fires in the city since the 1989 Loma Prieta earthquake and the worst construction blaze in the Bay Area since San Jose’s \u003ca href=\"http://www.usfa.fema.gov/downloads/pdf/publications/tr-153.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Santana Row fire\u003c/a> in 2002, which destroyed a large section of the mixed residential-commercial development and caused $130 million in damage.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Rabbitt, two other firefighters and the commander who directed the battle against the blaze sat down recently to recount the challenges of that day a year ago and to talk about what they learned.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan style=\"font-size: 4.6875em;float: left;line-height: 0.733em;padding: 0.05em 0.1em 0 0;font-family: times, serif, georgia\">T\u003c/span>he first call about the fire came in at 4:57 p.m. on a Tuesday afternoon. Rabbitt was at Station 8, at Bluxome and Fourth streets, just eight short blocks from the 172-unit building under construction.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>When Truck 8 firefighters Tom Murphy and Stephen Maguire arrived, the incident did not seem that serious. The two men climbed an aerial ladder to the top of the building.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The assumption was they’d make an “interior attack” to extinguish a blaze, maybe a trash fire, inside the structure or on the roof. That assumption didn’t last for long.\u003c/p>\n\u003caside class=\"pullquote alignright\">‘We had to make a rapid change. I knew their lives were in absolute peril.’\u003ccite>Matthew McNaughton,\u003cbr>\nAssistant chief, S.F. Fire Department\u003c/cite>\u003c/aside>\n\u003cp>“We had a rapid change in conditions,” Rabbitt says.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“We’re at the top of the ladder and we’re stepping off the ladder onto the scaffold when things erupted,” Maguire recalls. “When we were at the top floor, I looked in and saw the entire upper floor was on fire.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Assistant Chief Matthew McNaughton was the man in charge on the ground.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“I could tell this was a rapidly evolving fire, consuming tons of fuel in open construction, which had no passive or active fire protection features,” McNaughton says. He could see a ball of fire developing between the third and fourth floor and thought Murphy would be killed.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>McNaughton decided to get his men down from the aerial ladder and fight the fire defensively — setting up \u003ca href=\"http://www.fireengineering.com/articles/print/volume-159/issue-10/features/detachable-ladder-pipe-operations.html\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">aerial ladder pipes\u003c/a> around the building to hit the fire with heavy streams of water.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“We had to make a rapid change,” McNaughton says. “I knew their lives were in absolute peril. I made an immediate decision there to change the tactics of this fire.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>He ordered Maguire, Murphy and others off the building’s roof, but not before Murphy sustained second-degree burns to his face. Murphy, injured, continued to battle the fire for hours.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“That was a big game so you’re not going to leave with a charley horse,” Murphy said. “You’re going to stick it out and get taken care of at the end.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[soundcloud url=”https://api.soundcloud.com/tracks/194945598″ params=”color=ff5500&auto_play=false&hide_related=false&show_comments=true&show_user=true&show_reposts=false” width=”100%” height=”166″ iframe=”true” /]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan style=\"font-size: 4.6875em;float: left;line-height: 0.733em;padding: 0.05em 0.1em 0 0;font-family: times, serif, georgia\">T\u003c/span>hat moment when the firefighting tactics changed still bothers Truck 8 firefighter Maguire.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“We had a small window to make an aggressive fire attack on that building and that window closed pretty quickly,” Maguire says. “You know, this fire, we’re kind of embarrassed to talk about it a little bit because it got so out of hand,” he said. “That’s not the way we want it to go.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>There were concerns the fire would spread. Embers from the blaze landed on the roof of a building down Fourth Street on the UC San Francisco campus. Windows in an apartment building across the street began to blow out from the intense heat.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Those fears dissipated when firefighters extinguished the nearby small blazes. It took hours for firefighters to contain the fire.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/news/2014/04/15/mission-bay-fire-damage/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Investigators later determined\u003c/a> that the March 11, 2014, fire was accidental, most likely caused by welding or grinding on the building’s top floor. The city \u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/news/2014/10/16/san-francisco-steps-up-construction-fire-safety-enforcement-wins-key-case\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">fined a subcontractor\u003c/a> and implemented stricter safety rules governing construction work at a time when San Francisco is in the midst of a building boom. City and state inspection and safety agencies have been on \u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/news/2015/01/12/san-franciscos-building-boom-leads-to-local-government-hiring-spree\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">a hiring spree\u003c/a>, adding more staff to keep up with the surge in development.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>According to \u003ca href=\"http://www.suffolk.com/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Suffolk Construction\u003c/a>, the main contractor on the building, demolition at the site began three days after the fire was extinguished. Ever since then, crews have been rebuilding. The company says tenants will begin moving into the building in June, a year later than originally planned.\u003c/p>\n\n",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>\u003cspan style=\"font-size: 4.6875em;float: left;line-height: 0.733em;padding: 0.05em 0.1em 0 0;font-family: times, serif, georgia\">W\u003c/span>hen firefighters from the San Francisco Fire Department’s Station 8 see a construction site these days, they see more than a framework slowly taking shape as an apartment house or office building.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Now, a year after the Station 8 crew was among the first to rush to the scene of \u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/news/2014/03/11/4-alarm-fire-san-francisco/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">a blaze\u003c/a> that destroyed a six-story apartment building under construction in Mission Bay, the firefighters see the potential for another inferno.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Pat Rabbitt, a Station 8 lieutenant, says he and fellow firefighters size up the new buildings they see with the Mission Bay fire in mind.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“We’re noticing similar construction,” Rabbitt says. “We’re trying to figure out other ways to go about it should we ever encounter the situation again.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003cdiv class='utils-parseShortcode-shortcodes-__shortcodes__shortcodeWrapper'>\n \u003ciframe width='”100%”' height='”166″'\n scrolling='no' frameborder='no'\n src='https://w.soundcloud.com/player/?url=”https://api.soundcloud.com/tracks/195355160″&visual=true&”color=ff5500&auto_play=false&hide_related=false&show_comments=true&show_user=true&show_reposts=false”'\n title='”https://api.soundcloud.com/tracks/195355160″'>\n \u003c/iframe>\n \u003c/div>\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“The situation” Rabbitt’s referring to is the blaze that raced through the sprawling wood-frame structure at Fourth and China Basin streets — just across the way from AT&T Park — last March 11. The fire caused $40 million in damage and injured several firefighters. It ranks as one of the most destructive fires in the city since the 1989 Loma Prieta earthquake and the worst construction blaze in the Bay Area since San Jose’s \u003ca href=\"http://www.usfa.fema.gov/downloads/pdf/publications/tr-153.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Santana Row fire\u003c/a> in 2002, which destroyed a large section of the mixed residential-commercial development and caused $130 million in damage.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Rabbitt, two other firefighters and the commander who directed the battle against the blaze sat down recently to recount the challenges of that day a year ago and to talk about what they learned.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan style=\"font-size: 4.6875em;float: left;line-height: 0.733em;padding: 0.05em 0.1em 0 0;font-family: times, serif, georgia\">T\u003c/span>he first call about the fire came in at 4:57 p.m. on a Tuesday afternoon. Rabbitt was at Station 8, at Bluxome and Fourth streets, just eight short blocks from the 172-unit building under construction.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>When Truck 8 firefighters Tom Murphy and Stephen Maguire arrived, the incident did not seem that serious. The two men climbed an aerial ladder to the top of the building.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The assumption was they’d make an “interior attack” to extinguish a blaze, maybe a trash fire, inside the structure or on the roof. That assumption didn’t last for long.\u003c/p>\n\u003caside class=\"pullquote alignright\">‘We had to make a rapid change. I knew their lives were in absolute peril.’\u003ccite>Matthew McNaughton,\u003cbr>\nAssistant chief, S.F. Fire Department\u003c/cite>\u003c/aside>\n\u003cp>“We had a rapid change in conditions,” Rabbitt says.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“We’re at the top of the ladder and we’re stepping off the ladder onto the scaffold when things erupted,” Maguire recalls. “When we were at the top floor, I looked in and saw the entire upper floor was on fire.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Assistant Chief Matthew McNaughton was the man in charge on the ground.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“I could tell this was a rapidly evolving fire, consuming tons of fuel in open construction, which had no passive or active fire protection features,” McNaughton says. He could see a ball of fire developing between the third and fourth floor and thought Murphy would be killed.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>McNaughton decided to get his men down from the aerial ladder and fight the fire defensively — setting up \u003ca href=\"http://www.fireengineering.com/articles/print/volume-159/issue-10/features/detachable-ladder-pipe-operations.html\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">aerial ladder pipes\u003c/a> around the building to hit the fire with heavy streams of water.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“We had to make a rapid change,” McNaughton says. “I knew their lives were in absolute peril. I made an immediate decision there to change the tactics of this fire.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>He ordered Maguire, Murphy and others off the building’s roof, but not before Murphy sustained second-degree burns to his face. Murphy, injured, continued to battle the fire for hours.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“That was a big game so you’re not going to leave with a charley horse,” Murphy said. “You’re going to stick it out and get taken care of at the end.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003cdiv class='utils-parseShortcode-shortcodes-__shortcodes__shortcodeWrapper'>\n \u003ciframe width='”100%”' height='”166″'\n scrolling='no' frameborder='no'\n src='https://w.soundcloud.com/player/?url=”https://api.soundcloud.com/tracks/194945598″&visual=true&”color=ff5500&auto_play=false&hide_related=false&show_comments=true&show_user=true&show_reposts=false”'\n title='”https://api.soundcloud.com/tracks/194945598″'>\n \u003c/iframe>\n \u003c/div>\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan style=\"font-size: 4.6875em;float: left;line-height: 0.733em;padding: 0.05em 0.1em 0 0;font-family: times, serif, georgia\">T\u003c/span>hat moment when the firefighting tactics changed still bothers Truck 8 firefighter Maguire.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“We had a small window to make an aggressive fire attack on that building and that window closed pretty quickly,” Maguire says. “You know, this fire, we’re kind of embarrassed to talk about it a little bit because it got so out of hand,” he said. “That’s not the way we want it to go.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>There were concerns the fire would spread. Embers from the blaze landed on the roof of a building down Fourth Street on the UC San Francisco campus. Windows in an apartment building across the street began to blow out from the intense heat.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Those fears dissipated when firefighters extinguished the nearby small blazes. It took hours for firefighters to contain the fire.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/news/2014/04/15/mission-bay-fire-damage/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Investigators later determined\u003c/a> that the March 11, 2014, fire was accidental, most likely caused by welding or grinding on the building’s top floor. The city \u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/news/2014/10/16/san-francisco-steps-up-construction-fire-safety-enforcement-wins-key-case\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">fined a subcontractor\u003c/a> and implemented stricter safety rules governing construction work at a time when San Francisco is in the midst of a building boom. City and state inspection and safety agencies have been on \u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/news/2015/01/12/san-franciscos-building-boom-leads-to-local-government-hiring-spree\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">a hiring spree\u003c/a>, adding more staff to keep up with the surge in development.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>According to \u003ca href=\"http://www.suffolk.com/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Suffolk Construction\u003c/a>, the main contractor on the building, demolition at the site began three days after the fire was extinguished. Ever since then, crews have been rebuilding. The company says tenants will begin moving into the building in June, a year later than originally planned.\u003c/p>\n\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>",
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"disqusTitle": "With Suspensions Down, Some Schools Struggle to Increase Learning",
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"content": "\u003cp>It's a well-known fact at Dr. Martin Luther King, Jr. Academic Middle School in San Francisco that the toughest time to teach is right after lunch. Kids are tired, and trouble that starts at lunch can sometimes carry into the classroom.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Today, the academic counselor is trying to mediate between two girls who were sent out of the classroom, and who are arguing about who's responsible. Later, three adults have to restrain another girl from running out into the hall.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>These girls won't get suspended today, but they will lose learning time because they will sit in a room while school staff enter the incident into a database and then they will meet with a counselor.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[soundcloud url=\"https://api.soundcloud.com/tracks/195179135\" params=\"color=ff5500&auto_play=false&hide_related=false&show_comments=true&show_user=true&show_reposts=false\" width=\"100%\" height=\"166\" iframe=\"true\" /]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In many school districts across California, schools are cutting down on the number of suspensions. The theory is: Keep kids in class, and they'll learn more and be less likely to drop out. San Francisco Unified School District has been a leader, passing a resolution last year to ban all suspensions for \"willful defiance.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>To do this right, all the teachers in a school have to build deep relationships with their most challenging kids.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>That's not easy.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>One of the challenges is the sheer number of disruptions. Seventh-grader Alexis Gill says the new policy hasn't improved her classmates' behavior.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"They cuss out the teachers, throw tables and chairs and stuff around the classroom,\" said Gill.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>A handful of seventh-graders I spoke with say they get sent out of class for other kinds of behavior, sometimes for things like leaving the room or talking or using their phone. When these 12- and 13-year-olds have been suspended, it's usually been for fights. One girl lit a piece of paper on fire and said she hoped the whole class burned.\u003c/p>\n\u003caside class=\"pullquote alignright\">'Once [teachers] learned how to do it, and they spent...time building relationships in their classroom through restorative practices, they cannot stop raving about how it changes the culture.'\u003ccite>Laura Faer, education rights director for Public Counsel\u003c/cite>\u003c/aside>\n\u003cp>Assistant Principal Michael Essien says the school is seeking to look at these incidents not as crimes to be punished, but as cries for help.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>He walks the halls, greeting students with a smile and a booming voice.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"Who’s bouncing that basketball up there? I need you back in class, man!\" Essien yells to a group of boys. And then, to a girl using her cellphone, \"Put that phone away, girl. You trying to give it to me?\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Essien says the school needs to revamp its entire culture. Part of the problem, he says, is that teachers don’t know how to relate to students. Most students at Martin Luther King are African-American, Asian and Latino. Most of the teachers are white.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"As a teacher, who may or may not have anything in connection with any of those cultures, how do I make the classroom such that there’s a relationship between the students and I, and between the students themselves, so we can reduce inappropriate behaviors that can get you referred out?\" he asks. \"It’s building relationships. But it’s challenging for teachers to do that.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Training teachers to change the way they teach is a long haul. San Francisco has been working with teachers on this since 2009. But there are gaps. At Martin Luther King, not all teachers are trained. And there's been some pushback here.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Eighth-grade social studies teacher Susan Warren says she supports reducing suspensions in theory.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"I agree, they’re not learning if they are outside the classroom, but for some students, no one’s learning if they’re in the classroom,\" Warren says.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>She echoes what other teachers here say: They sometimes feel overwhelmed by all the steps they have to take before sending a kid out of class. First, they give a warning. Then they send the student into the hall. If that doesn't help, they send them to another classroom to reflect, and then they make a phone call home.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"I'm happy to facilitate that process,\" said Warren, \"but it gets in the way of me trying to teach literacy skills and pure content.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>That could be because she needs more training, said Laura Faer, education rights director with Public Counsel, an advocacy group that has pushed for alternatives to suspension and harsh discipline statewide.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"Universally, the teachers we talk to say, 'When I first started doing this, I thought, 'This is going to be so hard, it’s going to take so much of my time, how am I going to do it?' \" said Faer. \"And then once they learned how to do it, and they spent that time building relationships in their classroom, through restorative practices, they cannot stop raving about how it changes the culture. It saves them so much time, because children are behaved well, and teachers can teach.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Public Counsel has urged the state to track not just the number of suspensions, but whether teachers and students are really receiving the support they need.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>It's not just emotional support. It's also academic. Susan Warren says even if she knows how to avoid suspensions, she still has to teach kids who act out because they struggle with the material.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"And if you put something in front of them, they're not going to do it. They're going to start talking, they might get out of their seat, they might go to the garbage can six times, and then, they might hit someone on their way to the garbage can,\" said Warren.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad floatright]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>San Francisco Unified School District officials say they are collecting data online every time a student is sent out of class now. They'll be able to see why kids are sent out, and what the outcomes are. That should help them target more help to schools that need it the most.\u003c/p>\n\n",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>It's a well-known fact at Dr. Martin Luther King, Jr. Academic Middle School in San Francisco that the toughest time to teach is right after lunch. Kids are tired, and trouble that starts at lunch can sometimes carry into the classroom.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Today, the academic counselor is trying to mediate between two girls who were sent out of the classroom, and who are arguing about who's responsible. Later, three adults have to restrain another girl from running out into the hall.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>These girls won't get suspended today, but they will lose learning time because they will sit in a room while school staff enter the incident into a database and then they will meet with a counselor.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003cdiv class='utils-parseShortcode-shortcodes-__shortcodes__shortcodeWrapper'>\n \u003ciframe width='100%' height='166'\n scrolling='no' frameborder='no'\n src='https://w.soundcloud.com/player/?url=https://api.soundcloud.com/tracks/195179135&visual=true&color=ff5500&auto_play=false&hide_related=false&show_comments=true&show_user=true&show_reposts=false'\n title='https://api.soundcloud.com/tracks/195179135'>\n \u003c/iframe>\n \u003c/div>\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In many school districts across California, schools are cutting down on the number of suspensions. The theory is: Keep kids in class, and they'll learn more and be less likely to drop out. San Francisco Unified School District has been a leader, passing a resolution last year to ban all suspensions for \"willful defiance.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>To do this right, all the teachers in a school have to build deep relationships with their most challenging kids.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>That's not easy.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>One of the challenges is the sheer number of disruptions. Seventh-grader Alexis Gill says the new policy hasn't improved her classmates' behavior.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"They cuss out the teachers, throw tables and chairs and stuff around the classroom,\" said Gill.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>A handful of seventh-graders I spoke with say they get sent out of class for other kinds of behavior, sometimes for things like leaving the room or talking or using their phone. When these 12- and 13-year-olds have been suspended, it's usually been for fights. One girl lit a piece of paper on fire and said she hoped the whole class burned.\u003c/p>\n\u003caside class=\"pullquote alignright\">'Once [teachers] learned how to do it, and they spent...time building relationships in their classroom through restorative practices, they cannot stop raving about how it changes the culture.'\u003ccite>Laura Faer, education rights director for Public Counsel\u003c/cite>\u003c/aside>\n\u003cp>Assistant Principal Michael Essien says the school is seeking to look at these incidents not as crimes to be punished, but as cries for help.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>He walks the halls, greeting students with a smile and a booming voice.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"Who’s bouncing that basketball up there? I need you back in class, man!\" Essien yells to a group of boys. And then, to a girl using her cellphone, \"Put that phone away, girl. You trying to give it to me?\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Essien says the school needs to revamp its entire culture. Part of the problem, he says, is that teachers don’t know how to relate to students. Most students at Martin Luther King are African-American, Asian and Latino. Most of the teachers are white.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"As a teacher, who may or may not have anything in connection with any of those cultures, how do I make the classroom such that there’s a relationship between the students and I, and between the students themselves, so we can reduce inappropriate behaviors that can get you referred out?\" he asks. \"It’s building relationships. But it’s challenging for teachers to do that.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Training teachers to change the way they teach is a long haul. San Francisco has been working with teachers on this since 2009. But there are gaps. At Martin Luther King, not all teachers are trained. And there's been some pushback here.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Eighth-grade social studies teacher Susan Warren says she supports reducing suspensions in theory.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"I agree, they’re not learning if they are outside the classroom, but for some students, no one’s learning if they’re in the classroom,\" Warren says.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>She echoes what other teachers here say: They sometimes feel overwhelmed by all the steps they have to take before sending a kid out of class. First, they give a warning. Then they send the student into the hall. If that doesn't help, they send them to another classroom to reflect, and then they make a phone call home.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"I'm happy to facilitate that process,\" said Warren, \"but it gets in the way of me trying to teach literacy skills and pure content.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>That could be because she needs more training, said Laura Faer, education rights director with Public Counsel, an advocacy group that has pushed for alternatives to suspension and harsh discipline statewide.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"Universally, the teachers we talk to say, 'When I first started doing this, I thought, 'This is going to be so hard, it’s going to take so much of my time, how am I going to do it?' \" said Faer. \"And then once they learned how to do it, and they spent that time building relationships in their classroom, through restorative practices, they cannot stop raving about how it changes the culture. It saves them so much time, because children are behaved well, and teachers can teach.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Public Counsel has urged the state to track not just the number of suspensions, but whether teachers and students are really receiving the support they need.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>It's not just emotional support. It's also academic. Susan Warren says even if she knows how to avoid suspensions, she still has to teach kids who act out because they struggle with the material.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"And if you put something in front of them, they're not going to do it. They're going to start talking, they might get out of their seat, they might go to the garbage can six times, and then, they might hit someone on their way to the garbage can,\" said Warren.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>San Francisco Unified School District officials say they are collecting data online every time a student is sent out of class now. They'll be able to see why kids are sent out, and what the outcomes are. That should help them target more help to schools that need it the most.\u003c/p>\n\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>",
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"content": "\u003cp>Have you ever gone to Chinatown in San Francisco for some dim sum, looked around and thought to yourself: Look at all this authentic Chinese-style architecture.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Well, not exactly.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The architecture is actually an American idea of what Chinese buildings should look like, built in a way that would attract tourists.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The Chinese Culture Center of San Francisco’s director of education and engagement, Darin Ow-Wing, offers tours of the neighborhood that highlight historical facts like this. His tours help paint a richer history of the Chinese in America.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>I took a walking tour with Ow-Wing as the neighborhood got ready to celebrate this year’s Lunar New Year, which started Thursday.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>So, back to the architecture. The story goes that after the 1906 earthquake, city leaders wanted to move the Chinese to the city’s outskirts and claim the valuable real estate for something else. After negotiations, it was settled that the Chinese would get to stay but would relinquish the right to design and build Chinatown. Instead, it was built to attract tourists.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>This backstory is why one historian has described Chinatown as an “Oriental Disneyland.” Or, as Ow-Wing says, Chinatown is permanently wearing the equivalent of a “clown outfit.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The \u003ca href=\"http://www.c-c-c.org/\" target=\"_blank\">Chinese Culture Center of San Francisco\u003c/a> gives tours to about 4,000 students and tourists a year. Public tours start at the Hilton San Francisco Financial District, 750 Kearny St.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Currently tours are at Tuesdays and Thursdays at 1 p.m., and Saturdays at 10 a.m. There are three tour programs: Dynasty to Democracy, Chinatown Art Walk and a Tale of Two Chinatowns.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Here are a few stops on Ow-Wing’s Dynasty to Democracy walking tour:\u003c/p>\n\u003cdiv class=\"callout\">\u003cimg class=\"alignleft\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2015/02/portsmouthsq.jpg\" alt=\"Courtesy Google Street View\" width=\"400\" height=\"400\">\n\u003ch3>\u003ca href=\"http://www.sfgate.com/outdoors/urbanoutings/article/Portsmouth-Square-in-San-Francisco-3682940.php\" target=\"_blank\">Portsmouth Square\u003c/a>\u003c/h3>\n\u003ch5>Bounded by Clay, Washington and Kearny streets, and Walter U. Lum Place\u003c/h5>\n\u003cp>Ow-Wing on Portsmouth Square: “This was the power center of old San Francisco. This was where all the rich people, the politicians, anyone who had to do with anything in San Francisco hung out here.”\u003c/p>\n\u003c/div>\n\u003cdiv class=\"callout\">\u003cimg class=\"alignleft\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2015/02/tinhowtemple.jpg\" alt=\"Courtesy Google Street View\" width=\"400\" height=\"400\">\n\u003ch3>\u003ca href=\"http://www.chinatownology.com/tin_how_temple.html\" target=\"_blank\">Tin How Temple\u003c/a>\u003c/h3>\n\u003ch5>125 Waverly Place\u003c/h5>\n\u003cp>Ow-Wing on the Tin How Temple, one of the oldest temples in the state: “How it works is this: It is a legitimate temple. People do come here to do their thing. But they’re really open, they’re very friendly, they’re fine with visitors coming in as well. We just have to be really, really, really quiet.”\u003c/p>\n\u003c/div>\n\u003cdiv class=\"callout\">\u003cimg class=\"alignleft\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2015/02/waverly.jpg\" alt=\"Courtesy Google Street View\" width=\"400\" height=\"400\">\n\u003ch3>Waverly Place\u003c/h3>\n\u003ch5>Two-block street between Washington and Sacramento streets; Home to many family, or benevolent, associations\u003c/h5>\n\u003cp>Ow-Wing on the family associations: “Chinatown had to kind of manage itself for about 100 years. … So 100 years ago, you’re a young man, by yourself, over here. You’re coming to America to work. You land here, you don’t know anyone, but your name is Yee. You’ve got this little piece of paper that says go find your family association. So you’d actually come here. You’d be able to stay here a couple nights. They’d find out where you’re supposed to be working. You’d make some friends here.”\u003c/p>\n\u003c/div>\n\n",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>Have you ever gone to Chinatown in San Francisco for some dim sum, looked around and thought to yourself: Look at all this authentic Chinese-style architecture.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Well, not exactly.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The architecture is actually an American idea of what Chinese buildings should look like, built in a way that would attract tourists.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The Chinese Culture Center of San Francisco’s director of education and engagement, Darin Ow-Wing, offers tours of the neighborhood that highlight historical facts like this. His tours help paint a richer history of the Chinese in America.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>I took a walking tour with Ow-Wing as the neighborhood got ready to celebrate this year’s Lunar New Year, which started Thursday.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>So, back to the architecture. The story goes that after the 1906 earthquake, city leaders wanted to move the Chinese to the city’s outskirts and claim the valuable real estate for something else. After negotiations, it was settled that the Chinese would get to stay but would relinquish the right to design and build Chinatown. Instead, it was built to attract tourists.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>This backstory is why one historian has described Chinatown as an “Oriental Disneyland.” Or, as Ow-Wing says, Chinatown is permanently wearing the equivalent of a “clown outfit.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The \u003ca href=\"http://www.c-c-c.org/\" target=\"_blank\">Chinese Culture Center of San Francisco\u003c/a> gives tours to about 4,000 students and tourists a year. Public tours start at the Hilton San Francisco Financial District, 750 Kearny St.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Currently tours are at Tuesdays and Thursdays at 1 p.m., and Saturdays at 10 a.m. There are three tour programs: Dynasty to Democracy, Chinatown Art Walk and a Tale of Two Chinatowns.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Here are a few stops on Ow-Wing’s Dynasty to Democracy walking tour:\u003c/p>\n\u003cdiv class=\"callout\">\u003cimg class=\"alignleft\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2015/02/portsmouthsq.jpg\" alt=\"Courtesy Google Street View\" width=\"400\" height=\"400\">\n\u003ch3>\u003ca href=\"http://www.sfgate.com/outdoors/urbanoutings/article/Portsmouth-Square-in-San-Francisco-3682940.php\" target=\"_blank\">Portsmouth Square\u003c/a>\u003c/h3>\n\u003ch5>Bounded by Clay, Washington and Kearny streets, and Walter U. Lum Place\u003c/h5>\n\u003cp>Ow-Wing on Portsmouth Square: “This was the power center of old San Francisco. This was where all the rich people, the politicians, anyone who had to do with anything in San Francisco hung out here.”\u003c/p>\n\u003c/div>\n\u003cdiv class=\"callout\">\u003cimg class=\"alignleft\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2015/02/tinhowtemple.jpg\" alt=\"Courtesy Google Street View\" width=\"400\" height=\"400\">\n\u003ch3>\u003ca href=\"http://www.chinatownology.com/tin_how_temple.html\" target=\"_blank\">Tin How Temple\u003c/a>\u003c/h3>\n\u003ch5>125 Waverly Place\u003c/h5>\n\u003cp>Ow-Wing on the Tin How Temple, one of the oldest temples in the state: “How it works is this: It is a legitimate temple. People do come here to do their thing. But they’re really open, they’re very friendly, they’re fine with visitors coming in as well. We just have to be really, really, really quiet.”\u003c/p>\n\u003c/div>\n\u003cdiv class=\"callout\">\u003cimg class=\"alignleft\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2015/02/waverly.jpg\" alt=\"Courtesy Google Street View\" width=\"400\" height=\"400\">\n\u003ch3>Waverly Place\u003c/h3>\n\u003ch5>Two-block street between Washington and Sacramento streets; Home to many family, or benevolent, associations\u003c/h5>\n\u003cp>Ow-Wing on the family associations: “Chinatown had to kind of manage itself for about 100 years. … So 100 years ago, you’re a young man, by yourself, over here. You’re coming to America to work. You land here, you don’t know anyone, but your name is Yee. You’ve got this little piece of paper that says go find your family association. So you’d actually come here. You’d be able to stay here a couple nights. They’d find out where you’re supposed to be working. You’d make some friends here.”\u003c/p>\n\u003c/div>\n\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>",
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"content": "\u003cp>Dolores Park’s renovation has been plagued by delays and unforeseen roadblocks that include costly vandalism, but nothing on the scale of what happened a few days ago. Recreation and Park Department Director Phil Ginsburg says two young vandals (“two idiots,” he called them) broke into the construction site on the north end of the park, hot-wired a construction vehicle, did some doughnuts on sod turf and popped wheelies on some uncured pavement.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The stunt not only destroyed the sod, which had not rooted yet, but also damaged some of the newly installed drainage infrastructure. The vandals also tagged a new maintenance shed and then lit a fire to roast marshmallows and make s’mores.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Ginsberg said police have arrested the vandals, one a juvenile and the other not much older than 18.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Ginsberg made the comments at a press roundtable on Wednesday, though he reported the \u003ca href=\"http://wn.ktvu.com/story/28132951/vandalism-could-delay-reopening-portion-of-dolores-park\" target=\"_blank\">incident to KTVU\u003c/a> Tuesday. The damage comes to about $100,000, which Dolores Park Project Manager Jacob Gilchrist said will either be covered by the contractor’s insurance company or by the contractor itself.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"http://missionlocal.org/2015/02/a-100000-joyride-in-dolores-park/\" target=\"_blank\">Read the rest of this story on Mission Local.\u003c/a>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>Dolores Park’s renovation has been plagued by delays and unforeseen roadblocks that include costly vandalism, but nothing on the scale of what happened a few days ago. Recreation and Park Department Director Phil Ginsburg says two young vandals (“two idiots,” he called them) broke into the construction site on the north end of the park, hot-wired a construction vehicle, did some doughnuts on sod turf and popped wheelies on some uncured pavement.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The stunt not only destroyed the sod, which had not rooted yet, but also damaged some of the newly installed drainage infrastructure. The vandals also tagged a new maintenance shed and then lit a fire to roast marshmallows and make s’mores.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Ginsberg said police have arrested the vandals, one a juvenile and the other not much older than 18.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Ginsberg made the comments at a press roundtable on Wednesday, though he reported the \u003ca href=\"http://wn.ktvu.com/story/28132951/vandalism-could-delay-reopening-portion-of-dolores-park\" target=\"_blank\">incident to KTVU\u003c/a> Tuesday. The damage comes to about $100,000, which Dolores Park Project Manager Jacob Gilchrist said will either be covered by the contractor’s insurance company or by the contractor itself.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"http://missionlocal.org/2015/02/a-100000-joyride-in-dolores-park/\" target=\"_blank\">Read the rest of this story on Mission Local.\u003c/a>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"disqusTitle": "Boomtown, 1870s: 'The Chinese Must Go!'",
"title": "Boomtown, 1870s: 'The Chinese Must Go!'",
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"content": "\u003cp>\u003cem>Second of two parts\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Part 1:\u003c/strong> \u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/news/2015/02/11/boomtown-1870s-decade-of-bonanza-bust-and-unbridled-racism/\" target=\"_blank\">Boomtown, 1870s: A Decade of Bonanza, Bust and Unbridled Racism\u003c/a>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan style=\"font-size: 4.6875em;float: left;line-height: 0.733em;padding: 0.05em 0.1em 0 0;font-family: times, serif, georgia\">I\u003c/span>n July 1877, the nation's attention was focused on \u003ca href=\"http://www.digitalhistory.uh.edu/disp_textbook.cfm?smtID=2&psid=3189\">a railroad strike\u003c/a> that spread through much of the East and led to bloody clashes between workers and troops in Pittsburgh, Baltimore and elsewhere.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>On July 23, 1877, leaders of San Francisco's unions called a mass meeting to support the Eastern strikers, who were fighting for measures like an eight-hour workday. A huge crowd descended on the meeting place, a vacant lot at the corner of Grove and Larkin streets, the site of today's San Francisco Public Library. Many in the throng soon showed they had more local complaints on their mind than what was happening in Pittsburgh.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>James D'Arcy, who had helped create a national Workingmen's Party, was elected to run the meeting. The Daily Alta California gives the flavor of the gathering as it got underway.\u003c/p>\n\u003cblockquote>\u003cp>Mr. D'Arcy threw a damper on the meeting by stating that this was no anti-Coolie meeting, and that they were not there for the purpose of discussing the Chinese question. He put on another blanket by saying that they had met, not for the purpose of encouraging riot and incendiarism, but to give their brother workmen in the East their moral support. He then took up the eight-hour question, but did not speak long, as the crowd were impatient for novelty. ...\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"Talk about the Chinamen;\" \"Give us the Coolie business,\" and other shouts from all over the ground put an end to his discourse.\u003c/p>\u003c/blockquote>\n\u003cp>Soon, hundreds of people broke away from the crowd, led by what the Alta called \"the hoodlum element\" -- hoodlum being a term coined in San Francisco in 1866 that had come, by 1877, to denote gangs that frequently attacked Chinese residents of the city.\u003c/p>\n\u003caside class=\"pullquote alignright\">'Talk about the Chinamen! Give us the Coolie business!'\u003c/aside>\n\u003cp>The mob charged through the center of the city, attacking more than a dozen Chinese homes and businesses, mostly laundries. The violence continued for three nights and spread south of Market to the waterfront, into the Mission and out to the Western Addition.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Rioters targeted more Chinese homes and businesses and threatened establishments that employed Chinese workers. Leaders of the mob warned they would burn down a woolen mill and wharves owned by the Pacific Mail Steamship Co., a line that carried thousands of immigrants from China to San Francisco. Rioters succeeded in burning down another wharf, as well as nearby lumberyards and outbuildings, and skirmished with the city's small police force.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The unrest, which threatened to spread to the East Bay, was alarming enough to local officials that Gov. William Irwin called for military help, which came in the form of two square-rigged warships, the USS Pensacola and USS Lackawanna, which stood offshore in case they were needed to put down the riots. The Army also issued 2,000 rifles and ammunition to be used by a civilian Committee of Safety that had been hastily formed to help contain the violence.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The climax of the July riots was a battle on the slopes of Rincon Hill between rock-throwing rioters and members of the committee, many armed with pick handles. Several people died over the course of the disturbances and dozens were injured.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But this spasm of violence had a more lasting impact than the psychic and physical toll taken on the city. It created a movement determined to settle \"the Chinese question\" once and for all, on the one hand, and to redress workers' grievances with the wealthy, on the other.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The movement, which took the name the Workingmen's Party of California, gained momentum immediately after the July unrest, thanks largely to an Irish immigrant freight hauler who proved to be a compelling street orator.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan style=\"font-size: 4.6875em;float: left;line-height: 0.733em;padding: 0.05em 0.1em 0 0;font-family: times, serif, georgia\">D\u003c/span>enis Kearney, a native of County Cork, had a successful draying business and in the mid-1870s had become an avid member of a local debating society.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_10430595\" class=\"wp-caption alignleft\" style=\"max-width: 300px\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2015/02/RS14212_deniskearney-scr.jpg\">\u003cimg class=\"size-thumbnail wp-image-10430595\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2015/02/RS14212_deniskearney-scr-400x600.jpg\" alt=\"Denis Kearney, Irish immigrant, street orator and leader of the Workingmen's Party of California. \" width=\"300\" height=\"450\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2015/02/RS14212_deniskearney-scr-400x600.jpg 400w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2015/02/RS14212_deniskearney-scr-800x1200.jpg 800w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2015/02/RS14212_deniskearney-scr.jpg 1024w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 300px) 100vw, 300px\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Denis Kearney, Irish immigrant, street orator and leader of the Workingmen's Party of California. \u003ccite>(Bancroft Library)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>San Francisco journalist and political economist Henry George \u003ca href=\"http://www.sfmuseum.org/hist9/hgeorge3.html\" target=\"_blank\">recalled Kearney\u003c/a> as \"a man of strict temperance in all except speech.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Before the troubles of July 1877, George said, Kearney \"was noticeable not merely for the bitter vulgarity of his attacks upon all forms of religion ... but for the venom with which he abused the working classes, and took on every occasion what passed for the capitalistic side.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Paradoxically, too, given his soon-to-become-familiar habit of suggesting mob violence as a social cure-all and his tireless vilification of California's Chinese, Kearney had joined the Committee of Safety and taken to the street to help quell the anti-Chinese riots.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But that was July. By early October, Kearney had reversed his course and rhetoric, had taken control of the Workingmen's Party -- and had begun attracting thousands to regular Sunday rallies at the sandlot across the street from City Hall.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Under Kearney's leadership, the party adopted a platform that certainly sounded radical: Throw the rich and powerful out of office, break up monopoly land holdings, redistribute wealth through heavy taxes, and \"provide decently for the poor and unfortunate, the weak, the helpless, and especially the young , because the country is rich enough to do so, and religion, humanity, and patriotism demand that we should do so.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>And just as important, the party was bent on throwing the Chinese out of California.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>More attention-getting than the Workingmen's principles was Kearney's style in calling for immediate drastic action to attain the party's goals.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>His rallying cry was, \"The Chinese must go!\" He warned that San Francisco would burn if conditions for workers did not improve. He called on his followers to arm themselves with muskets and ammunition. His regular prescription for enemies, either opponents within the party or class enemies like millionaires, judges or government officials, was hanging.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Faced with the likelihood that state lawmakers might pass a bill aimed at curbing incitement to riot, Kearney responded, \"If the members of the Legislature overstep the limits of decency, then I say, 'Hemp! Hemp! Hemp!' This is the battle cry of freedom!\"\u003c/p>\n\u003caside class=\"pullquote alignright\">'If the members of the Legislature overstep the limits of decency, then I say, Hemp! Hemp! Hemp!'\u003ccite>Denis Kearney\u003c/cite>\u003c/aside>\n\u003cp>In late October 1877, Kearney led a march to Nob Hill where, as we've seen, some of the city's wealthiest men had built their mansions. The procession's specific destination was the home of Charles Crocker, one of the Big Four who had built and profited immensely from the Central Pacific Railroad.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Crocker had built his mansion on a block bounded by California, Sacramento, Taylor and Jones street. He wanted to own the entire block, but one neighbor, an undertaker named Nicholas Yung, held out for a higher price.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"The undertaker wanted more than the nabob was willing to give,\" Henry George wrote, \"and the latter cut short the negotiation by inclosing the undertaker’s house on three sides with an immense board fence, probably the highest on the Pacific coast, if not in the world. This veritable coffin ... is one of the most striking features of the hill.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_10430598\" class=\"wp-caption alignleft\" style=\"max-width: 365px\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2015/02/Labor1kearny-on-nob-hill-1877.jpg\">\u003cimg class=\"size-full wp-image-10430598\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2015/02/Labor1kearny-on-nob-hill-1877.jpg\" alt=\"Denis Kearney addresses crowd on Nob Hill, October 1877. \" width=\"365\" height=\"446\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Denis Kearney addresses crowd on Nob Hill, October 1877. \u003ccite>(FoundSF)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>About 2,000 marchers accompanied Kearney to the heights, where they set a bonfire in the street as he inveighed against the wealthy and warned about the consequences to the railroad millionaires if they did not fire their Chinese workers. He and others declared they'd give Crocker a month to take down the 30-foot-high fence around Yung's home or they'd be back to tear it down themselves.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>That gathering was enough to spur demands for the arrest of Kearney and other Workingmen's Party leaders for using incendiary language. And Kearney and others \u003cem>were\u003c/em> arrested, not just once, but several times. The charges didn't stick, and, far from suppressing Kearney, the arrests provoked outrage and won his movement wider sympathy.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The Workingmen became a force in Bay Area politics, winning a seat in the state Senate in early 1878 and electing officials in San Francisco, Oakland and Alameda. The party's rise coincided with a statewide election for delegates to a convention called to write a new state constitution. The Kearneyites won virtually all the seats contested in San Francisco. But in the Sacramento convention, outnumbered by Republicans and Democrats who had joined forces against them, the Workingmen's Party failed to effect any of the reforms in taxes, lands or employment conditions that their movement had promoted.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The party's delegates did, however, get a chance to enshrine the demands of the anti-Chinese movement in a new section of the state Constitution.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan style=\"font-size: 4.6875em;float: left;line-height: 0.733em;padding: 0.05em 0.1em 0 0;font-family: times, serif, georgia\">A\u003c/span> committee appointed to consider \"the Chinese question\" returned with a nine-point proposal that would give the Legislature the power to bar further Chinese immigration to California and to eject any Chinese it found undesirable. The proposal would bar Chinese from all public employment, make them ineligible to receive licenses for any trade or business, and strip corporations of their state charters if they employed Chinese workers.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_10430600\" class=\"wp-caption alignright\" style=\"max-width: 400px\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2015/02/RS14199_masonbeatty-chinese1-scr-e1423695246385.jpg\">\u003cimg class=\"size-thumbnail wp-image-10430600\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2015/02/RS14199_masonbeatty-chinese1-scr-e1423695246385-400x307.jpg\" alt=\"Chinese residents of Sierra County, California, 1894. \" width=\"400\" height=\"307\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2015/02/RS14199_masonbeatty-chinese1-scr-e1423695246385-400x307.jpg 400w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2015/02/RS14199_masonbeatty-chinese1-scr-e1423695246385-800x614.jpg 800w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2015/02/RS14199_masonbeatty-chinese1-scr-e1423695246385.jpg 1439w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 400px) 100vw, 400px\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Chinese residents of Sierra County, California, 1894. \u003ccite>(Courtesy, California HIstorical Society)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>The Chinese would be prohibited from owning or leasing real estate, would be barred from fishing in state waters and would no longer have the right to bring lawsuits in state courts. The committee also suggested denying anyone who hired a Chinese worker the right to vote, disqualifying anyone who hired a Chinese worker from holding public office and disbarring any lawyer who represented a Chinese client.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>As historian Charles McClain remarks, even though most delegates were all for some sort of anti-Chinese language in the new constitution, they thought the committee's proposal went too far. By a vote of 104-17, the convention adopted a toned-down version, incorporated into the state's highest charter as Article XIX when the document was approved by voters in 1879.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Article XIX, titled simply \"Chinese,\" preserved two of the major provisions put forward in the convention: that no private corporation could employ Chinese workers and the ban on public employment for the Chinese. The laws enacting these provisions were swiftly struck down in federal courts that ruled they violated the 14th Amendment's guarantee of equal protection, infringed on rights due to Chinese immigrants under treaty and trampled upon corporate rights.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The new constitution marked the zenith of what had been dubbed Kearneyism. A convention resolution to thank Kearney for his service to the anti-Chinese cause was voted down. By 1881, Kearney was described in San Francisco as \"a spent rocket\" and had left the city for a brief, unremarkable career in New York City politics.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>That did not end the era of anti-Chinese activism or legislation, of course. State and local governments continued to pass new laws to harass and hinder Chinese residents, many of which were unenforceable or were found to violate the U.S. Constitution. And then Congress weighed in, responding to the continuing anti-Asian agitation by passing the \u003ca href=\"http://www.ourdocuments.gov/doc.php?flash=true&doc=47\" target=\"_blank\">Chinese Exclusion Act\u003c/a> in 1882.\u003c/p>\n\u003caside class=\"pullquote alignleft\">'It is understood by the civilized world that the United States of America is a free country. But I fear there is a backward step being taken by the government.'\u003ccite>Wong Ar Chong\u003c/cite>\u003c/aside>\n\u003cp>The measure succeeded, at least in the short run, in achieving what decades of California's hostility, bluster and unconstitutional lawmaking could not: Although it never stopped immigration from China entirely, it slowed it down dramatically and, for the first time since the Gold Rush, led to a decline in the Chinese population in both San Francisco and the entire state by 1900.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>That was a cause of celebration, of course, for those who had tried for decades to keep Chinese immigrants out of California. Soon, though, they were complaining the law wasn't tough enough -- that its exemptions were too lax and that it was too easy for those seeking to emigrate from China to \u003ca href=\"http://ucblibrary3.berkeley.edu/cgi-bin/flipomatic/cic/images@ViewHiRes?img=brk00001710_16a\">cross into\u003c/a> the United States from Canada.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Among Chinese in the United States, the law was an occasion to question the loudly propounded ideals of their adopted country.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"In your Declaration of Independence it is asserted that all men are born free and equal, and it is understood by the civilized world that the United States of America is a free country,\" \u003ca href=\"http://www.slate.com/blogs/the_vault/2014/05/28/chinese_exclusion_act_letter_from_chinese_american_merchant_to_william_lloyd.html\" target=\"_blank\">wrote Boston tea merchant Wong Ar Chong\u003c/a> during congressional debates over exclusion. \"But I fear there is a backward step being taken by the government.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan style=\"font-size: 4.6875em;float: left;line-height: 0.733em;padding: 0.05em 0.1em 0 0;font-family: times, serif, georgia\">T\u003c/span>he epilogue?\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Charles Crocker's fence, on Sacramento Street, near the summit of Nob Hill, stood until 1904, long after both the railroad baron and his stubborn neighbor were dead.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Denis Kearney died in 1907, having long since vanished from the political scene.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Despite having been essentially ruled unconstitutional, Article XIX was part of the California Constitution until 1952, when voters repealed it.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The Chinese Exclusion Act remained in force until 1943, when it was repealed in the interest of making amends to China, a U.S. ally in World War II.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The Comstock bonanzas turned into a popular TV western that somehow left out all the nasty details of mining skulduggery and stock manipulation.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The city went on, of course, recovering its prosperity, growing relentlessly, moving toward its reckoning with calamity, and unfolding decade by decade into this place we think we know.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>And the Chinese in California?\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Well, there's someone named Mayor Lee at City Hall, a short stroll from where Kearney and his ilk bawled, \"The Chinese must go!\" Just across the bay in Berkeley, there is little doubt which of the state's diverse ethnic groups is most successful at the nation's premier public university. Immigrants from China still seek a California dream and contribute in ways that couldn't have been imagined in the 19th century.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Whatever you think all those developments say about the Bay Area we live in today, whether you see this place as booming or busted, you can't help but take at least a little delight in how this piece of history has turned out.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad floatright]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>Curious about the boom/bust cycle that is reshaping the Bay Area? Check out our \u003ca href=\"http://kqed.org/boomtown\" target=\"_blank\">Boomtown series.\u003c/a>\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\n",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>\u003cem>Second of two parts\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Part 1:\u003c/strong> \u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/news/2015/02/11/boomtown-1870s-decade-of-bonanza-bust-and-unbridled-racism/\" target=\"_blank\">Boomtown, 1870s: A Decade of Bonanza, Bust and Unbridled Racism\u003c/a>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan style=\"font-size: 4.6875em;float: left;line-height: 0.733em;padding: 0.05em 0.1em 0 0;font-family: times, serif, georgia\">I\u003c/span>n July 1877, the nation's attention was focused on \u003ca href=\"http://www.digitalhistory.uh.edu/disp_textbook.cfm?smtID=2&psid=3189\">a railroad strike\u003c/a> that spread through much of the East and led to bloody clashes between workers and troops in Pittsburgh, Baltimore and elsewhere.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>On July 23, 1877, leaders of San Francisco's unions called a mass meeting to support the Eastern strikers, who were fighting for measures like an eight-hour workday. A huge crowd descended on the meeting place, a vacant lot at the corner of Grove and Larkin streets, the site of today's San Francisco Public Library. Many in the throng soon showed they had more local complaints on their mind than what was happening in Pittsburgh.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>James D'Arcy, who had helped create a national Workingmen's Party, was elected to run the meeting. The Daily Alta California gives the flavor of the gathering as it got underway.\u003c/p>\n\u003cblockquote>\u003cp>Mr. D'Arcy threw a damper on the meeting by stating that this was no anti-Coolie meeting, and that they were not there for the purpose of discussing the Chinese question. He put on another blanket by saying that they had met, not for the purpose of encouraging riot and incendiarism, but to give their brother workmen in the East their moral support. He then took up the eight-hour question, but did not speak long, as the crowd were impatient for novelty. ...\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"Talk about the Chinamen;\" \"Give us the Coolie business,\" and other shouts from all over the ground put an end to his discourse.\u003c/p>\u003c/blockquote>\n\u003cp>Soon, hundreds of people broke away from the crowd, led by what the Alta called \"the hoodlum element\" -- hoodlum being a term coined in San Francisco in 1866 that had come, by 1877, to denote gangs that frequently attacked Chinese residents of the city.\u003c/p>\n\u003caside class=\"pullquote alignright\">'Talk about the Chinamen! Give us the Coolie business!'\u003c/aside>\n\u003cp>The mob charged through the center of the city, attacking more than a dozen Chinese homes and businesses, mostly laundries. The violence continued for three nights and spread south of Market to the waterfront, into the Mission and out to the Western Addition.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Rioters targeted more Chinese homes and businesses and threatened establishments that employed Chinese workers. Leaders of the mob warned they would burn down a woolen mill and wharves owned by the Pacific Mail Steamship Co., a line that carried thousands of immigrants from China to San Francisco. Rioters succeeded in burning down another wharf, as well as nearby lumberyards and outbuildings, and skirmished with the city's small police force.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The unrest, which threatened to spread to the East Bay, was alarming enough to local officials that Gov. William Irwin called for military help, which came in the form of two square-rigged warships, the USS Pensacola and USS Lackawanna, which stood offshore in case they were needed to put down the riots. The Army also issued 2,000 rifles and ammunition to be used by a civilian Committee of Safety that had been hastily formed to help contain the violence.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The climax of the July riots was a battle on the slopes of Rincon Hill between rock-throwing rioters and members of the committee, many armed with pick handles. Several people died over the course of the disturbances and dozens were injured.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But this spasm of violence had a more lasting impact than the psychic and physical toll taken on the city. It created a movement determined to settle \"the Chinese question\" once and for all, on the one hand, and to redress workers' grievances with the wealthy, on the other.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The movement, which took the name the Workingmen's Party of California, gained momentum immediately after the July unrest, thanks largely to an Irish immigrant freight hauler who proved to be a compelling street orator.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan style=\"font-size: 4.6875em;float: left;line-height: 0.733em;padding: 0.05em 0.1em 0 0;font-family: times, serif, georgia\">D\u003c/span>enis Kearney, a native of County Cork, had a successful draying business and in the mid-1870s had become an avid member of a local debating society.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_10430595\" class=\"wp-caption alignleft\" style=\"max-width: 300px\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2015/02/RS14212_deniskearney-scr.jpg\">\u003cimg class=\"size-thumbnail wp-image-10430595\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2015/02/RS14212_deniskearney-scr-400x600.jpg\" alt=\"Denis Kearney, Irish immigrant, street orator and leader of the Workingmen's Party of California. \" width=\"300\" height=\"450\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2015/02/RS14212_deniskearney-scr-400x600.jpg 400w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2015/02/RS14212_deniskearney-scr-800x1200.jpg 800w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2015/02/RS14212_deniskearney-scr.jpg 1024w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 300px) 100vw, 300px\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Denis Kearney, Irish immigrant, street orator and leader of the Workingmen's Party of California. \u003ccite>(Bancroft Library)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>San Francisco journalist and political economist Henry George \u003ca href=\"http://www.sfmuseum.org/hist9/hgeorge3.html\" target=\"_blank\">recalled Kearney\u003c/a> as \"a man of strict temperance in all except speech.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Before the troubles of July 1877, George said, Kearney \"was noticeable not merely for the bitter vulgarity of his attacks upon all forms of religion ... but for the venom with which he abused the working classes, and took on every occasion what passed for the capitalistic side.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Paradoxically, too, given his soon-to-become-familiar habit of suggesting mob violence as a social cure-all and his tireless vilification of California's Chinese, Kearney had joined the Committee of Safety and taken to the street to help quell the anti-Chinese riots.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But that was July. By early October, Kearney had reversed his course and rhetoric, had taken control of the Workingmen's Party -- and had begun attracting thousands to regular Sunday rallies at the sandlot across the street from City Hall.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Under Kearney's leadership, the party adopted a platform that certainly sounded radical: Throw the rich and powerful out of office, break up monopoly land holdings, redistribute wealth through heavy taxes, and \"provide decently for the poor and unfortunate, the weak, the helpless, and especially the young , because the country is rich enough to do so, and religion, humanity, and patriotism demand that we should do so.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>And just as important, the party was bent on throwing the Chinese out of California.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>More attention-getting than the Workingmen's principles was Kearney's style in calling for immediate drastic action to attain the party's goals.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>His rallying cry was, \"The Chinese must go!\" He warned that San Francisco would burn if conditions for workers did not improve. He called on his followers to arm themselves with muskets and ammunition. His regular prescription for enemies, either opponents within the party or class enemies like millionaires, judges or government officials, was hanging.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Faced with the likelihood that state lawmakers might pass a bill aimed at curbing incitement to riot, Kearney responded, \"If the members of the Legislature overstep the limits of decency, then I say, 'Hemp! Hemp! Hemp!' This is the battle cry of freedom!\"\u003c/p>\n\u003caside class=\"pullquote alignright\">'If the members of the Legislature overstep the limits of decency, then I say, Hemp! Hemp! Hemp!'\u003ccite>Denis Kearney\u003c/cite>\u003c/aside>\n\u003cp>In late October 1877, Kearney led a march to Nob Hill where, as we've seen, some of the city's wealthiest men had built their mansions. The procession's specific destination was the home of Charles Crocker, one of the Big Four who had built and profited immensely from the Central Pacific Railroad.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Crocker had built his mansion on a block bounded by California, Sacramento, Taylor and Jones street. He wanted to own the entire block, but one neighbor, an undertaker named Nicholas Yung, held out for a higher price.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"The undertaker wanted more than the nabob was willing to give,\" Henry George wrote, \"and the latter cut short the negotiation by inclosing the undertaker’s house on three sides with an immense board fence, probably the highest on the Pacific coast, if not in the world. This veritable coffin ... is one of the most striking features of the hill.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_10430598\" class=\"wp-caption alignleft\" style=\"max-width: 365px\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2015/02/Labor1kearny-on-nob-hill-1877.jpg\">\u003cimg class=\"size-full wp-image-10430598\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2015/02/Labor1kearny-on-nob-hill-1877.jpg\" alt=\"Denis Kearney addresses crowd on Nob Hill, October 1877. \" width=\"365\" height=\"446\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Denis Kearney addresses crowd on Nob Hill, October 1877. \u003ccite>(FoundSF)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>About 2,000 marchers accompanied Kearney to the heights, where they set a bonfire in the street as he inveighed against the wealthy and warned about the consequences to the railroad millionaires if they did not fire their Chinese workers. He and others declared they'd give Crocker a month to take down the 30-foot-high fence around Yung's home or they'd be back to tear it down themselves.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>That gathering was enough to spur demands for the arrest of Kearney and other Workingmen's Party leaders for using incendiary language. And Kearney and others \u003cem>were\u003c/em> arrested, not just once, but several times. The charges didn't stick, and, far from suppressing Kearney, the arrests provoked outrage and won his movement wider sympathy.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The Workingmen became a force in Bay Area politics, winning a seat in the state Senate in early 1878 and electing officials in San Francisco, Oakland and Alameda. The party's rise coincided with a statewide election for delegates to a convention called to write a new state constitution. The Kearneyites won virtually all the seats contested in San Francisco. But in the Sacramento convention, outnumbered by Republicans and Democrats who had joined forces against them, the Workingmen's Party failed to effect any of the reforms in taxes, lands or employment conditions that their movement had promoted.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The party's delegates did, however, get a chance to enshrine the demands of the anti-Chinese movement in a new section of the state Constitution.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan style=\"font-size: 4.6875em;float: left;line-height: 0.733em;padding: 0.05em 0.1em 0 0;font-family: times, serif, georgia\">A\u003c/span> committee appointed to consider \"the Chinese question\" returned with a nine-point proposal that would give the Legislature the power to bar further Chinese immigration to California and to eject any Chinese it found undesirable. The proposal would bar Chinese from all public employment, make them ineligible to receive licenses for any trade or business, and strip corporations of their state charters if they employed Chinese workers.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_10430600\" class=\"wp-caption alignright\" style=\"max-width: 400px\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2015/02/RS14199_masonbeatty-chinese1-scr-e1423695246385.jpg\">\u003cimg class=\"size-thumbnail wp-image-10430600\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2015/02/RS14199_masonbeatty-chinese1-scr-e1423695246385-400x307.jpg\" alt=\"Chinese residents of Sierra County, California, 1894. \" width=\"400\" height=\"307\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2015/02/RS14199_masonbeatty-chinese1-scr-e1423695246385-400x307.jpg 400w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2015/02/RS14199_masonbeatty-chinese1-scr-e1423695246385-800x614.jpg 800w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2015/02/RS14199_masonbeatty-chinese1-scr-e1423695246385.jpg 1439w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 400px) 100vw, 400px\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Chinese residents of Sierra County, California, 1894. \u003ccite>(Courtesy, California HIstorical Society)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>The Chinese would be prohibited from owning or leasing real estate, would be barred from fishing in state waters and would no longer have the right to bring lawsuits in state courts. The committee also suggested denying anyone who hired a Chinese worker the right to vote, disqualifying anyone who hired a Chinese worker from holding public office and disbarring any lawyer who represented a Chinese client.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>As historian Charles McClain remarks, even though most delegates were all for some sort of anti-Chinese language in the new constitution, they thought the committee's proposal went too far. By a vote of 104-17, the convention adopted a toned-down version, incorporated into the state's highest charter as Article XIX when the document was approved by voters in 1879.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Article XIX, titled simply \"Chinese,\" preserved two of the major provisions put forward in the convention: that no private corporation could employ Chinese workers and the ban on public employment for the Chinese. The laws enacting these provisions were swiftly struck down in federal courts that ruled they violated the 14th Amendment's guarantee of equal protection, infringed on rights due to Chinese immigrants under treaty and trampled upon corporate rights.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The new constitution marked the zenith of what had been dubbed Kearneyism. A convention resolution to thank Kearney for his service to the anti-Chinese cause was voted down. By 1881, Kearney was described in San Francisco as \"a spent rocket\" and had left the city for a brief, unremarkable career in New York City politics.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>That did not end the era of anti-Chinese activism or legislation, of course. State and local governments continued to pass new laws to harass and hinder Chinese residents, many of which were unenforceable or were found to violate the U.S. Constitution. And then Congress weighed in, responding to the continuing anti-Asian agitation by passing the \u003ca href=\"http://www.ourdocuments.gov/doc.php?flash=true&doc=47\" target=\"_blank\">Chinese Exclusion Act\u003c/a> in 1882.\u003c/p>\n\u003caside class=\"pullquote alignleft\">'It is understood by the civilized world that the United States of America is a free country. But I fear there is a backward step being taken by the government.'\u003ccite>Wong Ar Chong\u003c/cite>\u003c/aside>\n\u003cp>The measure succeeded, at least in the short run, in achieving what decades of California's hostility, bluster and unconstitutional lawmaking could not: Although it never stopped immigration from China entirely, it slowed it down dramatically and, for the first time since the Gold Rush, led to a decline in the Chinese population in both San Francisco and the entire state by 1900.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>That was a cause of celebration, of course, for those who had tried for decades to keep Chinese immigrants out of California. Soon, though, they were complaining the law wasn't tough enough -- that its exemptions were too lax and that it was too easy for those seeking to emigrate from China to \u003ca href=\"http://ucblibrary3.berkeley.edu/cgi-bin/flipomatic/cic/images@ViewHiRes?img=brk00001710_16a\">cross into\u003c/a> the United States from Canada.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Among Chinese in the United States, the law was an occasion to question the loudly propounded ideals of their adopted country.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"In your Declaration of Independence it is asserted that all men are born free and equal, and it is understood by the civilized world that the United States of America is a free country,\" \u003ca href=\"http://www.slate.com/blogs/the_vault/2014/05/28/chinese_exclusion_act_letter_from_chinese_american_merchant_to_william_lloyd.html\" target=\"_blank\">wrote Boston tea merchant Wong Ar Chong\u003c/a> during congressional debates over exclusion. \"But I fear there is a backward step being taken by the government.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan style=\"font-size: 4.6875em;float: left;line-height: 0.733em;padding: 0.05em 0.1em 0 0;font-family: times, serif, georgia\">T\u003c/span>he epilogue?\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Charles Crocker's fence, on Sacramento Street, near the summit of Nob Hill, stood until 1904, long after both the railroad baron and his stubborn neighbor were dead.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Denis Kearney died in 1907, having long since vanished from the political scene.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Despite having been essentially ruled unconstitutional, Article XIX was part of the California Constitution until 1952, when voters repealed it.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The Chinese Exclusion Act remained in force until 1943, when it was repealed in the interest of making amends to China, a U.S. ally in World War II.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The Comstock bonanzas turned into a popular TV western that somehow left out all the nasty details of mining skulduggery and stock manipulation.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The city went on, of course, recovering its prosperity, growing relentlessly, moving toward its reckoning with calamity, and unfolding decade by decade into this place we think we know.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>And the Chinese in California?\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Well, there's someone named Mayor Lee at City Hall, a short stroll from where Kearney and his ilk bawled, \"The Chinese must go!\" Just across the bay in Berkeley, there is little doubt which of the state's diverse ethnic groups is most successful at the nation's premier public university. Immigrants from China still seek a California dream and contribute in ways that couldn't have been imagined in the 19th century.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Whatever you think all those developments say about the Bay Area we live in today, whether you see this place as booming or busted, you can't help but take at least a little delight in how this piece of history has turned out.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>Curious about the boom/bust cycle that is reshaping the Bay Area? Check out our \u003ca href=\"http://kqed.org/boomtown\" target=\"_blank\">Boomtown series.\u003c/a>\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>",
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"disqusTitle": "What's Up With S.F.'s Bad Architecture?",
"title": "What's Up With S.F.'s Bad Architecture?",
"headTitle": "What Should KQED Investigate? | News Fix | KQED News",
"content": "\u003cp>\u003cem>As part of our series, \u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/news/series/boomtown\" target=\"_blank\">Boomtown\u003c/a>, we’re \u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/news/series/questions\" target=\"_blank\">answering questions\u003c/a> from KQED listeners and readers. Our second one comes from Dave Taylor, who is not impressed by the new buildings going up in San Francisco. He asks:\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_10430396\" class=\"wp-caption alignleft\" style=\"max-width: 150px\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2015/02/P1040405.jpg\">\u003cimg class=\"wp-image-10430396\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2015/02/P1040405-400x590.jpg\" alt=\"Dave Taylor. (Lisa Morehouse/KQED)\" width=\"150\" height=\"222\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2015/02/P1040405-400x590.jpg 400w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2015/02/P1040405.jpg 616w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 150px) 100vw, 150px\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Dave Taylor.\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>\"Why are the new buildings so ugly?\"\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The economic boom has brought a surge in construction projects to San Francisco -- particularly in the city's emerging Mid-Market neighborhood.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But not everyone is pleased with what they're seeing built.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“We are at the corner of what I consider the most atrocious buildings in the entire city,\" says Dave Taylor, who has lived in the city for more than 20 years. \"This corridor of shame that I call Van Ness and Market is just a spectacular example of failed urban planning.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Taylor works as a media services technician -- \"I play with toys that gather light and sound\" -- and describes himself as \"a very opinionated closet architect.\" \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>He did not hold back as we walked down Market Street from 11th to Eighth, pointing out the buildings that most offended him.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[soundcloud url=\"https://api.soundcloud.com/tracks/190627247\" params=\"color=ff5500&auto_play=false&hide_related=false&show_comments=true&show_user=true&show_reposts=false\" width=\"100%\" height=\"166\" iframe=\"true\" /]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>There’s 1455 Market: “A glorified parking structure with windows.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Across the street: “We won’t even talk about Fox Plaza. We won’t even go there.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>And then, the brand-new NEMA apartments: “This gigantic black prison complex.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Everyone has an opinion, so we asked someone who has looked at the city’s buildings for a while: San Francisco Chronicle urban design critic John King.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“I share the listener’s dismay,” he says. “A lot of what’s being built in S.F. right now really feels like product.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>He says many of the buildings going up have one particular consumer: The 29-year-old who just got the IPO and can afford a $4,500 rent payment or mortgage.\u003c/p>\n\u003ch3>Market’s Come a Long Way\u003c/h3>\n\u003cp>For a long time, this area was the dumpy end of Market Street that nobody cared about, King says.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_10429825\" class=\"wp-caption alignright\" style=\"max-width: 400px\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2015/02/RS14218_1455-Market-St.-2-scr.jpg\">\u003cimg class=\"size-thumbnail wp-image-10429825\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2015/02/RS14218_1455-Market-St.-2-scr-400x600.jpg\" alt='Taylor calls 1455 Market St. a \"glorified parking structure.\" (Katie Brigham/KQED) ' width=\"400\" height=\"600\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2015/02/RS14218_1455-Market-St.-2-scr-400x600.jpg 400w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2015/02/RS14218_1455-Market-St.-2-scr-800x1200.jpg 800w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2015/02/RS14218_1455-Market-St.-2-scr.jpg 1333w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 400px) 100vw, 400px\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Taylor calls 1455 Market St. a \"glorified parking structure.\" (Katie Brigham/KQED)\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Back in the '70s, it was essentially storage space for a lot of Financial District firms -- the place they parked their giant computers.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But now those dumpy buildings have flashy neighbors: tech companies and luxury apartments.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>People are paying attention -- and griping. King says that part at least isn’t new.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“The whole point of being a San Franciscan is never to like what’s happening right now,” he says. \"… to resent the fact that the city’s not exactly like it was when you moved there, and you discovered Utopia.”\u003c/p>\n\u003ch3>Who’s in Charge?\u003c/h3>\n\u003cp>But Dave Taylor says his issue isn’t about nostalgia. It’s about taste -- and pride.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“You have to feel a little despair when these monoliths go up, because these things are going to be there for 50 years,” he says. “It makes you wonder who’s in charge. Does anybody care anymore?”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[contextly_sidebar id=\"jxwC2Yrmpyj3ZLmXCFKDbzHr9QnXzzCp\"]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>There are a few answers to this question. First: Yes, someone is in charge. Actually, a lot of people.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“There are plans aplenty,” says King. “The list of who’s responsible is endless, and it gets a little different with each building.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Permits and approvals can be costly and time-consuming. And behind every construction project is a complicated marriage of planners, neighborhood groups, developers and architects -- some who want to make their mark and others who just want to make a profit.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Taylor says these people don’t have San Francisco’s best interests at heart.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“When you see people walk by City Hall, they take pictures, they stop, they smile,” he says. “From here all the way to Powell, they look down, they don’t stop.”\u003c/p>\n\u003ch3>A City’s Autobiography\u003c/h3>\n\u003cp>“In the built environment, as one writer puts it, all our warts and our glories are there,” says Paul Groth, an architectural historian at UC Berkeley. “You can tell how we're treating our fellow humans in the built environment. It really is an autobiography.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>So, what does Groth think our current architecture says?\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Greed.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_10429827\" class=\"wp-caption alignleft\" style=\"max-width: 400px\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2015/02/RS14216_1390-Market-St.-2-lpr.jpg\">\u003cimg class=\"size-thumbnail wp-image-10429827\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2015/02/RS14216_1390-Market-St.-2-lpr-400x600.jpg\" alt='Fox Plaza is another offender to Taylor in his so-called \"corridor of shame.\" (Katie Brigham/KQED)' width=\"400\" height=\"600\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2015/02/RS14216_1390-Market-St.-2-lpr-400x600.jpg 400w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2015/02/RS14216_1390-Market-St.-2-lpr-800x1200.jpg 800w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2015/02/RS14216_1390-Market-St.-2-lpr.jpg 1333w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 400px) 100vw, 400px\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Fox Plaza is another offender to Taylor in his so-called corridor of shame. (Katie Brigham/KQED)\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Big buildings, glass boxes, dark materials, pools and plazas on the inside -- all those elements are just today’s trend in luxury living, Groth says. You can see it the most in New York, Miami and San Francisco. It speaks deliberately to a kind of \u003cem>exclusivity\u003c/em>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>And it’s that -- as well as the design -- that makes Dave Taylor want to get away from the corner of 11th and Market as soon as he can.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“I’ve got an artistic soul. That’s why people used to move here. It was a place, not a sanctuary, but a place where we could be and belong,” he says. “As an artist, beautiful things speak back to me.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Unlike other art, say, a dance performance or a painting, you can’t avoid the buildings where you live or where you work. Taylor says that when he’s walking by Western Addition Victorians or the Transamerica Pyramid, buildings he loves, he feels like he’s having an experience -- like he’s part of the city’s story.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“It allows you to go deep places and start to think and start to grow,” he says. “This isn’t a commodity, this is a way of living, that you should be surrounded by beautiful things.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>There are new construction projects all over the city right now. And he’s hoping some of those buildings will be the kind that speak back to him.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/news/series/questions\" target=\"_blank\">Submit a question\u003c/a> you'd like us to answer as part of our \u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/news/series/boomtown\" target=\"_blank\">Boomtown series\u003c/a>.\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\n",
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"excerpt": "A KQED listener is not happy about some buildings going up in S.F. and wonders why design isn't better.",
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"nprByline": "\u003cstrong>Lisa Morehouse and Casey Miner\u003c/strong>\u003cbr />KQED News",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>\u003cem>As part of our series, \u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/news/series/boomtown\" target=\"_blank\">Boomtown\u003c/a>, we’re \u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/news/series/questions\" target=\"_blank\">answering questions\u003c/a> from KQED listeners and readers. Our second one comes from Dave Taylor, who is not impressed by the new buildings going up in San Francisco. He asks:\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_10430396\" class=\"wp-caption alignleft\" style=\"max-width: 150px\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2015/02/P1040405.jpg\">\u003cimg class=\"wp-image-10430396\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2015/02/P1040405-400x590.jpg\" alt=\"Dave Taylor. (Lisa Morehouse/KQED)\" width=\"150\" height=\"222\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2015/02/P1040405-400x590.jpg 400w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2015/02/P1040405.jpg 616w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 150px) 100vw, 150px\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Dave Taylor.\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>\"Why are the new buildings so ugly?\"\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The economic boom has brought a surge in construction projects to San Francisco -- particularly in the city's emerging Mid-Market neighborhood.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But not everyone is pleased with what they're seeing built.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“We are at the corner of what I consider the most atrocious buildings in the entire city,\" says Dave Taylor, who has lived in the city for more than 20 years. \"This corridor of shame that I call Van Ness and Market is just a spectacular example of failed urban planning.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Taylor works as a media services technician -- \"I play with toys that gather light and sound\" -- and describes himself as \"a very opinionated closet architect.\" \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>He did not hold back as we walked down Market Street from 11th to Eighth, pointing out the buildings that most offended him.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003cdiv class='utils-parseShortcode-shortcodes-__shortcodes__shortcodeWrapper'>\n \u003ciframe width='100%' height='166'\n scrolling='no' frameborder='no'\n src='https://w.soundcloud.com/player/?url=https://api.soundcloud.com/tracks/190627247&visual=true&color=ff5500&auto_play=false&hide_related=false&show_comments=true&show_user=true&show_reposts=false'\n title='https://api.soundcloud.com/tracks/190627247'>\n \u003c/iframe>\n \u003c/div>\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>There’s 1455 Market: “A glorified parking structure with windows.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Across the street: “We won’t even talk about Fox Plaza. We won’t even go there.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>And then, the brand-new NEMA apartments: “This gigantic black prison complex.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Everyone has an opinion, so we asked someone who has looked at the city’s buildings for a while: San Francisco Chronicle urban design critic John King.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“I share the listener’s dismay,” he says. “A lot of what’s being built in S.F. right now really feels like product.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>He says many of the buildings going up have one particular consumer: The 29-year-old who just got the IPO and can afford a $4,500 rent payment or mortgage.\u003c/p>\n\u003ch3>Market’s Come a Long Way\u003c/h3>\n\u003cp>For a long time, this area was the dumpy end of Market Street that nobody cared about, King says.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_10429825\" class=\"wp-caption alignright\" style=\"max-width: 400px\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2015/02/RS14218_1455-Market-St.-2-scr.jpg\">\u003cimg class=\"size-thumbnail wp-image-10429825\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2015/02/RS14218_1455-Market-St.-2-scr-400x600.jpg\" alt='Taylor calls 1455 Market St. a \"glorified parking structure.\" (Katie Brigham/KQED) ' width=\"400\" height=\"600\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2015/02/RS14218_1455-Market-St.-2-scr-400x600.jpg 400w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2015/02/RS14218_1455-Market-St.-2-scr-800x1200.jpg 800w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2015/02/RS14218_1455-Market-St.-2-scr.jpg 1333w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 400px) 100vw, 400px\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Taylor calls 1455 Market St. a \"glorified parking structure.\" (Katie Brigham/KQED)\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Back in the '70s, it was essentially storage space for a lot of Financial District firms -- the place they parked their giant computers.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But now those dumpy buildings have flashy neighbors: tech companies and luxury apartments.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>People are paying attention -- and griping. King says that part at least isn’t new.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“The whole point of being a San Franciscan is never to like what’s happening right now,” he says. \"… to resent the fact that the city’s not exactly like it was when you moved there, and you discovered Utopia.”\u003c/p>\n\u003ch3>Who’s in Charge?\u003c/h3>\n\u003cp>But Dave Taylor says his issue isn’t about nostalgia. It’s about taste -- and pride.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“You have to feel a little despair when these monoliths go up, because these things are going to be there for 50 years,” he says. “It makes you wonder who’s in charge. Does anybody care anymore?”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>There are a few answers to this question. First: Yes, someone is in charge. Actually, a lot of people.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“There are plans aplenty,” says King. “The list of who’s responsible is endless, and it gets a little different with each building.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Permits and approvals can be costly and time-consuming. And behind every construction project is a complicated marriage of planners, neighborhood groups, developers and architects -- some who want to make their mark and others who just want to make a profit.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Taylor says these people don’t have San Francisco’s best interests at heart.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“When you see people walk by City Hall, they take pictures, they stop, they smile,” he says. “From here all the way to Powell, they look down, they don’t stop.”\u003c/p>\n\u003ch3>A City’s Autobiography\u003c/h3>\n\u003cp>“In the built environment, as one writer puts it, all our warts and our glories are there,” says Paul Groth, an architectural historian at UC Berkeley. “You can tell how we're treating our fellow humans in the built environment. It really is an autobiography.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>So, what does Groth think our current architecture says?\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Greed.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_10429827\" class=\"wp-caption alignleft\" style=\"max-width: 400px\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2015/02/RS14216_1390-Market-St.-2-lpr.jpg\">\u003cimg class=\"size-thumbnail wp-image-10429827\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2015/02/RS14216_1390-Market-St.-2-lpr-400x600.jpg\" alt='Fox Plaza is another offender to Taylor in his so-called \"corridor of shame.\" (Katie Brigham/KQED)' width=\"400\" height=\"600\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2015/02/RS14216_1390-Market-St.-2-lpr-400x600.jpg 400w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2015/02/RS14216_1390-Market-St.-2-lpr-800x1200.jpg 800w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2015/02/RS14216_1390-Market-St.-2-lpr.jpg 1333w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 400px) 100vw, 400px\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Fox Plaza is another offender to Taylor in his so-called corridor of shame. (Katie Brigham/KQED)\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Big buildings, glass boxes, dark materials, pools and plazas on the inside -- all those elements are just today’s trend in luxury living, Groth says. You can see it the most in New York, Miami and San Francisco. It speaks deliberately to a kind of \u003cem>exclusivity\u003c/em>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>And it’s that -- as well as the design -- that makes Dave Taylor want to get away from the corner of 11th and Market as soon as he can.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“I’ve got an artistic soul. That’s why people used to move here. It was a place, not a sanctuary, but a place where we could be and belong,” he says. “As an artist, beautiful things speak back to me.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Unlike other art, say, a dance performance or a painting, you can’t avoid the buildings where you live or where you work. Taylor says that when he’s walking by Western Addition Victorians or the Transamerica Pyramid, buildings he loves, he feels like he’s having an experience -- like he’s part of the city’s story.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“It allows you to go deep places and start to think and start to grow,” he says. “This isn’t a commodity, this is a way of living, that you should be surrounded by beautiful things.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>There are new construction projects all over the city right now. And he’s hoping some of those buildings will be the kind that speak back to him.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/news/series/questions\" target=\"_blank\">Submit a question\u003c/a> you'd like us to answer as part of our \u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/news/series/boomtown\" target=\"_blank\">Boomtown series\u003c/a>.\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>",
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"disqusTitle": "Boomtown, 1870s: Decade of Bonanza, Bust and Unbridled Racism",
"title": "Boomtown, 1870s: Decade of Bonanza, Bust and Unbridled Racism",
"headTitle": "Boomtown | News Fix | KQED News",
"content": "\u003cp>\u003cem>First of two parts\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan style=\"font-size: 4.6875em;float: left;line-height: 0.733em;padding: 0.05em 0.1em 0 0;font-family: times, serif, georgia\">I\u003c/span> am guessing that on some level lots of us buy into the stereotype of the Bay Area as a hotbed of progressive activism. A place that's bluer than blue, that's quick to march, that's home to the \u003ca href=\"http://www.democracynow.org/2009/10/7/as_afghan_war_enters_9th_year\" target=\"_blank\">only member of Congress\u003c/a> to vote against going to war in Afghanistan after 9/11. A place that's proud to have fostered the Free Speech Movement, the Black Panthers and the fight for gay (now LGBTQ) liberation.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>It's true that street activism is very much alive here. The last six years, for instance, have seen what amounts to one long campaign against police violence and social injustice -- a campaign that was sparked by the police killing of BART passenger Oscar Grant, became entwined with the economic justice demands of the Occupy movement and that continues today as part of the Black Lives Matter demonstrations.\u003c/p>\n\u003caside class=\"pullquote alignleft\">1870s San Francisco was a sort of perverse twin to today's city, home to an activism that was anything but 'progressive.'\u003c/aside>\n\u003cp>Amid those sporadic eruptions, the tech boom got going and itself became enmeshed in protest. You know the story: Armies of mostly young and highly paid programmers, engineers and entrepreneurs -- and the companies that employ them -- are remaking large swaths of San Francisco, Oakland, the Peninsula and Silicon Valley. Rents have soared, lower-income tenants have lost homes and familiar local businesses, watering holes, art galleries and nonprofits have been priced out.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Overnight, or so it seemed, fleets of huge corporate shuttle buses appeared on the streets to whisk the better-paid-than-most-of-us technologists to and from Silicon Valley. Anti-eviction activists turned the vehicles into \u003ca href=\"http://www.theguardian.com/world/2014/jan/25/google-bus-protest-swells-to-revolt-san-francisco\" target=\"_blank\">an internationally recognized symbol\u003c/a> for wealth inequality and community displacement.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>So that's our tradition of activism as it looks in the early 21st century.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But when you get out your pick and shovel (or your library card, Kindle and Web browser) and start digging through the dense strata of protest, agitation and political turbulence that have been laid down here over the decades, you eventually find yourself in 1870s San Francisco, a sort of perverse twin to today's city. It was a place of magnificent wealth displayed amid a full-on depression. It was crowded with desperate and disillusioned people, and it was home to an activism marked by unbridled intolerance and racism directed at one group of immigrants who had ventured across the Pacific to join the Gold Rush.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan style=\"font-size: 4.6875em;float: left;line-height: 0.733em;padding: 0.05em 0.1em 0 0;font-family: times, serif, georgia\">B\u003c/span>y 1870, San Francisco had experienced two major booms. The first was touched off in 1848 by the Gold Rush and transformed a village of about 800 people into a city of 35,000 in just five years. When the flow of gold from the Sierra slowed in the mid-1850s, San Francisco suffered its first prolonged economic slump. Population growth slowed and the city's \u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/news/2015/01/13/san-francisco-real-estate-prices-gold-rush\" target=\"_blank\">real estate bubble collapsed\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[contextly_sidebar id=\"iwyXPwnnPcISIXLFcSKeuudC8uPKrfI8\"]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But the downturn didn't last long. Another boom got under way in 1859 with the discovery of Nevada's \u003ca href=\"http://www.onlinenevada.org/articles/comstock-lode\" target=\"_blank\">Comstock Lode\u003c/a> in the mountains northeast of Lake Tahoe. The Comstock was one of the biggest silver finds in history and touched off a new kind of mining bonanza, one in which speculators, bankers and everyday investors all joined the rush.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The Comstock mines produced more than $300 million in silver in a little more than two decades, wealth that was largely controlled in San Francisco and helped spark the city's rapid growth -- from about 57,000 in 1860 to 150,000 in 1870 and 233,000 in 1880. (The Comstock also drove a secondary mining boom in the hills just south of the small town of San Jose, where mines in the \u003ca href=\"http://www.historysanjose.org/neighborhoods/newalmaden/\">New Almaden district\u003c/a> produced mercury crucial to the gold and silver refining process.)\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The wealth extracted from the mines was one thing. But there was another source of wealth to be tapped, too, for those who knew how.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Development of the Comstock was financed largely by investment and speculation on San Francisco's new stock exchange, which focused on trading shares in mining concerns. For a time, everyone wanted in on the game. Here's how Gary Kamiya describes the local Comstock mania in his popular history, \u003ca href=\"http://sfpl.org/index.php?pg=1014001201\" target=\"_blank\">\u003cem>Cool Gray City of Love\u003c/em>\u003c/a>:\u003c/p>\n\u003cblockquote>\u003cp>San Francisco had always been a gambler’s town, but during silver’s 15-year heyday, virtually the entire population succumbed to a gambling mania unlike any it had seen before or would ever see again. What made speculating in mining stocks so addictive was that their values fluctuated so wildly. A rumor that a new vein had been found could cause the value of a mine’s stock to go up 10 times; it could plummet a week later. As a result, anyone could make a fortune literally overnight, and many did. The entire city buzzed with tales of chambermaids who bought the rooming houses they had worked in a few weeks earlier and of former ditchdiggers riding down newly fashionable Kearny Street in opulent carriages.\u003c/p>\u003c/blockquote>\n\u003cp>But those who got rich -- and for the most part stayed rich -- were a small group of \u003ca href=\"http://www.onlinenevada.org/articles/bank-crowd\" target=\"_blank\">bankers\u003c/a> and \u003ca href=\"http://floodestate.com/GullixsonPresentsTheFloodEstate/History.html\" target=\"_blank\">investors\u003c/a> who controlled both the mines and the exchange.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"By controlling information from the mines,\" historian Gray Brechin writes in \u003ca href=\"http://books.google.com/books/about/Imperial_San_Francisco.html?id=lGJq8nWqY-oC\" target=\"_blank\">\u003cem>Imperial San Francisco\u003c/em>\u003c/a>, this group \"had an advantage available to few other gamblers on the Exchange. The barest hint of a new discovery in the mines triggered mayhem in San Francisco resembling religious rapture or riot. ... Those who had the latest information ... used it to manipulate the market to aggrandize their fortunes from the investments of others.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Both Kamiya and Brechin quote \u003ca href=\"http://www.timeshutter.com/image/robert-louis-stevenson-memorial-san-francisco-california\" target=\"_blank\">Robert Louis Stevenson\u003c/a>'s description of the scene and the process that was at work as he viewed it from a neighborhood he termed \"the hill of palaces\":\u003c/p>\n\u003cblockquote>\u003cp>From Nob Hill, looking down upon the business wards of the city, we can decry a building with a little belfry, and that is the stock exchange, the heart of San Francisco; a great pump we might call it, continually pumping up the savings of the lower quarters into the pockets of the millionaires upon the hill.\u003c/p>\u003c/blockquote>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_10429593\" class=\"wp-caption alignleft\" style=\"max-width: 559px\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2015/02/RS14046_AAB-9544.jpg\">\u003cimg class=\"size-full wp-image-10429593\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2015/02/RS14046_AAB-9544.jpg\" alt=\"An 1891 view of Nob Hill, looking north up Powell Street. To the left (west) of Powell at the top of the hill are the mansions of Leland Stanford, Mark Hopkins and James C. Flood. \" width=\"559\" height=\"400\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2015/02/RS14046_AAB-9544.jpg 559w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2015/02/RS14046_AAB-9544-400x286.jpg 400w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 559px) 100vw, 559px\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">An 1891 view of Nob Hill, looking north up Powell Street. To the left (west) of Powell at the top of the hill are the mansions of Leland Stanford, Mark Hopkins and James C. Flood. \u003ccite>(San Francisco Public Library History Center)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>The Comstock made several of those millionaires who built palaces on the hill, including James Flood, whose mansion survives today as the Pacific Union Club, at California and Mason streets. Others who chose Nob Hill as a showcase for their fortunes included Leland Stanford, Mark Hopkins, Collis Huntington and Charles Crocker, \u003ca href=\"http://foundsf.org/index.php?title=The_Octopus_and_the_Big_Four\" target=\"_blank\">the Big Four\u003c/a>, the principal founding investors in the Central Pacific, North America's first transcontinental railroad.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>While the railroad made the Big Four rich, it didn't turn into the engine of prosperity that promoters promised or that San Francisco expected when it was finished in 1869. On the one hand, the road's completion sent thousands of workers, many of them Chinese immigrants, looking for new jobs. On the other, the railroad served as a conduit for masses of people coming in search of work and land.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>There was little land to be had, though. By one account 0.2 percent of the state's population -- that's two-tenths of 1 percent -- controlled half the land, and huge tracts had been granted to the railroads. Jobs were few, too, as the economy of San Francisco and California as a whole sank into a funk.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"The particular point we have in view is the lamentable lack of employment for laborers, which is so crying an evil of the day,\" wrote the San Francisco Evening Bulletin in early 1870. \"There are those who estimate the proportion of laborers in California who are out of work ... as high as twenty percent, or one-fifth of the entire mass of inhabitants.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003caside class=\"pullquote alignright\">'There are those who estimate the proportion of laborers in California who are out of work ... as high as twenty percent, or one-fifth of the entire mass of inhabitants.'\u003ccite>San Francisco Evening Bulletin, 1870\u003c/cite>\u003c/aside>\n\u003cp>One East Coast commentator wrote that California and San Francisco were experiencing a \"revolution,\" plunging back to earth after the excesses of the Gold Rush and Comstock decades:\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"Speculation was the groundwork of all her wealth and her growth; uncertainty and irregularity were the laws of her prosperity. High prices and vast profits, a grand and reckless way of business and of life pervaded all her society and her movements,\" wrote Massachusetts newspaper editor Samuel Bowles, who twice visited the city in the mid- and late 1860s. \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Bowles characterized the situation as the city and state \"struggling into conformity with the modes and morals and money of the nation,\" a transition he observed provoked widespread discontent.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"At first the people seemed stunned with the revelation and the revolution,\" Bowles said. \"They cursed the railroad, they cursed the Bank of California, and they cursed the Chinese, one and all, as parents of their disappointment.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan style=\"font-size: 4.6875em;float: left;line-height: 0.733em;padding: 0.05em 0.1em 0 0;font-family: times, serif, georgia\">\"C\u003c/span>ursing the Chinese\" was something of a constant among California's white population in the state's early decades.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The Chinese, of course, had joined the rush to what they called Gold Mountain in 1849, along with immigrants from the eastern U.S. states, Western Europe, Mexico, Chile, Peru, Hawaii, Australia and New Zealand.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_10429650\" class=\"wp-caption alignright\" style=\"max-width: 400px\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2015/02/chineserailroad-e1423609155666.jpg\">\u003cimg class=\"size-thumbnail wp-image-10429650\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2015/02/chineserailroad-e1423609155666-400x411.jpg\" alt=\"Chinese workers on the Central Pacific Railroad's route through the Sierra Nevada. \" width=\"400\" height=\"411\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2015/02/chineserailroad-e1423609155666-400x411.jpg 400w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2015/02/chineserailroad-e1423609155666-800x822.jpg 800w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2015/02/chineserailroad-e1423609155666-32x32.jpg 32w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2015/02/chineserailroad-e1423609155666.jpg 1252w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 400px) 100vw, 400px\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Chinese workers on the Central Pacific Railroad's route through the Sierra Nevada. \u003ccite>(Harper's Weekly/Bancroft Library)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>White California was not, by and large, a particularly welcoming place for the new arrivals from Mexico and lands south, many of whom were experienced miners when they arrived in the gold fields. Historians note they played an important role in teaching the American novices how to find and remove gold from the streams and hillsides where it lay. Their reward was a state tax on foreign miners and repeated episodes of violence and mistreatment.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Worse was in store for the Chinese.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>California -- most of the white population, its lawmakers and their enactments -- reserved a sustained hostility for these early Asian immigrants almost from the first. Arriving in the gold fields, they were generally excluded from all but the poorest mining claims -- those that had already been worked and believed exhausted. They were often the target of violence and were, like blacks and Indians, denied the right even to testify in court against those who robbed and attacked them.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>What was the source of the animus, which was soon to have official backing?\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Theodore Hittell, who produced a voluminous California history, \u003ca href=\"https://archive.org/stream/gb0e4-lf4RejkC#page/n93/mode/2up\" target=\"_blank\">offered this speculation\u003c/a>:\u003c/p>\n\u003cblockquote>\u003cp>It was the practice of the Chinese then as now to huddle together in special and confined quarters and to dress and live as they had dressed and lived in China. Almost all their clothing and most all their food, which consisted in great part of rice, were imported from their native land. As a class they were harmless, peaceful and exceedingly industrious; but, as they were remarkably economical and spent little or none of their earnings except for the necessaries of life and this chiefly to merchants of their own nationality, they soon began to provoke the prejudice and ill-will of those who could not see any value in their labor to the country.\u003c/p>\u003c/blockquote>\n\u003cp>A much more recent historian -- Charles J. McClain, in \u003ca href=\"https://books.google.com/books?id=eZ7TqtjYlfcC\" target=\"_blank\">\u003cem>In Search of Equality: The Chinese Struggle against Discrimination in Nineteenth-Century America\u003c/em>\u003c/a> -- cites that passage and amplifies it:\u003c/p>\n\u003cblockquote>\u003cp>In short, [the Chinese] worked too hard (often for less pay than others were willing to accept), saved too much, and spent too little. In addition, they looked and behaved differently from the majority population. Beneath all the surface rationalizations, this was to be the gravamen of the complaint against the Chinese through the many phases of the anti-Chinese movement in California.\u003c/p>\u003c/blockquote>\n\u003cp>That movement led to a series of state and local laws meant to force the Chinese to leave California or make it extremely difficult or expensive to stay. The tax on foreign miners was increased repeatedly. The Legislature enacted a variety of fees and taxes on arriving Chinese immigrants, then a tax of $2.50 month (something like $60 in today's money) on most Chinese residents. Chinese children were excluded from the state's public schools.\u003c/p>\n\u003caside class=\"pullquote alignright\">'We would beg to remind you that when your nation was a wilderness ... we exercised most of the arts and virtues of civilized life.'\u003ccite>Norman Asing,\u003cbr>\nChinese-American merchant\u003c/cite>\u003c/aside>\n\u003cp>San Francisco's Board of Supervisors joined in the anti-Chinese campaign with a long list of discriminatory ordinances. One attempted to ban Chinese peddlers from the common practice of carrying their goods on poles. Other laws attempted to impose punitive fees on the city's large number of Chinese laundries and to regulate the size of rooms in lodging-houses.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>As McClain notes, the Chinese didn't take this continuing assault on their liberty lying down. As the anti-Chinese agitation got under way in the early 1850s, Gov. John Bigler sent the Legislature a special message urging a program of taxes and other measures to stop Chinese immigration.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Among his justifications: the unfounded claim that the Chinese arriving in California were \"coolies\" -- essentially indentured servants who were little better than slaves for the Chinese contractors who hired them. He also argued that, in essence, the Chinese were inferior, ignorant of the enlightened American way of doing things: incapable, for instance, of understanding the importance of or keeping an oath of citizenship.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Bigler's message brought a response from a Chinese merchant in San Francisco named Norman Asing, who blasted the logic of excluding productive immigrants and questioning who in California really represented an inferior culture.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"We would beg to remind you that when your nation was a wilderness, and the nation from whom you sprung \u003cem>barbarous\u003c/em>, we exercised most of the arts and virtues of civilized life,\" Asing wrote.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>More important, McClain says, is that leading members of the Chinese community, centered in San Francisco, approached the Legislature directly to try to stem the tide of punitive taxes and other laws. When that effort met with only modest success, they challenged the anti-Chinese laws in court and got the worst of them thrown out. In the 1850s, for instance, Chinese plaintiffs sued the state to overturn a tax to be levied against all arriving Chinese passengers and another that sought to ban Chinese from landing at the state's ports. Both laws were struck down for interfering with federal powers.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Likewise in the late 1860s and early '70s, Chinese Californians waged long and ultimately successful campaigns to win the right to testify in court and to end enforcement of the discriminatory tax on foreign miners.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan style=\"font-size: 4.6875em;float: left;line-height: 0.733em;padding: 0.05em 0.1em 0 0;font-family: times, serif, georgia\">T\u003c/span>he consistency with which courts struck down the anti-Chinese laws did little to dampen the anti-Chinese movement. Calls for an end to Chinese immigration grew louder as California and San Francisco bumped from one economic trough to another in the 1870s.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Speculation in Comstock mining shares grew fevered in 1872, then subsided with widespread losses. Immense new silver discoveries in 1873 triggered another investment frenzy.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Hubert Howe Bancroft's \u003cem>History of California\u003c/em> said the stock exchanges \"were weird in their excitement, the brokers crying to one another, like the unseemly harpies of Dante's hell, every cry carrying the Comstock higher.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"If people were wild in those cases or in the excitement of 1872, they now became, so to speak, insane,\" wrote T.H. Hittell in his own history of the period. He said everyone wanted in:\u003c/p>\n\u003cblockquote>\u003cp>The race for wealth, which was simply a race to secure stock in the bonanza mines, attracted nearly everybody. The man or woman, who had or could raise money and did not invest, was the exception. Not only the profits of common trade, manufactures and agriculture but often the principal, the slow accumulations of industry, the hard-earned wages of labor, the salaries of professors and preachers, the fees of lawyers and physicians, the deposits in savings banks, the produce of mortgaged homesteads, the money that was inherited or that could be borrowed -- nearly all found their way into the mining-stock market.\u003c/p>\u003c/blockquote>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_10429664\" class=\"wp-caption alignleft\" style=\"max-width: 400px\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2015/02/William_Chapman_Ralston-e1423609877768.jpg\">\u003cimg class=\"size-thumbnail wp-image-10429664\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2015/02/William_Chapman_Ralston-400x553.jpg\" alt=\"William C. Ralston, president of the Bank of California, drowned in San Francisco Bay the day after a run on the bank revealed it to be bankrupt. \" width=\"400\" height=\"553\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">William C. Ralston, president of the Bank of California, drowned in San Francisco Bay the day after a run on the bank revealed it to be bankrupt. \u003ccite>(Wikimedia Commons)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>It didn't take long for the speculation to exact its toll. One of the first and most notable investors ruined in the 1875 fall of mining stocks was San Francisco's \u003ca href=\"http://www.sfmuseum.net/hist10/wralston.html\">William C. Ralston\u003c/a>. His Bank of California, the biggest financial institution in the state, was forced to close for a time because of losses incurred in his secret speculation in the mines. Ralston drowned off North Beach the day after a run on the bank, a death many presumed to be a suicide.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>A plunge in mining stocks in 1877 wiped out investors large and small in the city and led to a renewed financial panic. Economic conditions were made worse by the effects of a drought that wiped out most of the year's wheat crop and devastated the cattle industry. The effects of a nationwide depression added to the malaise.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In a city with a population that now exceeded 200,000, about one in five adult men were out of work. Charities in the city were feeding about 2,000 people a day. Only the very wealthiest, the insiders who had developed the Comstock mines and those who had built the railroads -- those folks who had put up their palaces on Nob Hill -- seemed to be immune from the hard times that had descended over the city in the summer of 1877.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"Trade was bad, work was scarce, and for what there was of it the Chinese, willing to take only half the ordinary wages, competed with the white labourer,\" wrote 19th century political historian James Bryce. \"The mob of San Francisco, swelled by disappointed miners from the camps and labourers out of work, men lured from distant homes by the hope of wealth and ease in the land of gold, saw itself on the verge of starvation, while the splendid mansions of speculators, who fifteen years before had kept little shops, rose along the heights of the city, and the newspapers reported their luxurious banquets.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Now, the millionaires and San Francisco's roughly 20,000 Chinese residents -- groups at opposite ends of the economic spectrum --- were about to become the targets of a fierce political movement on the city's streets.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Part 2:\u003c/strong> \u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/news/2015/02/12/boomtown-history-2b\" target=\"_blank\">'The Chinese Must Go!'\u003c/a>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad floatright]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>Curious about the boom/bust cycle that is reshaping the Bay Area? Check out our \u003ca href=\"http://kqed.org/boomtown\" target=\"_blank\">Boomtown series.\u003c/a>\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\n",
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"excerpt": "Unearthing a city alive with a perverse activism aimed at vilifying and excluding one immigrant group.",
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"title": "Boomtown, 1870s: Decade of Bonanza, Bust and Unbridled Racism | KQED",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>\u003cem>First of two parts\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan style=\"font-size: 4.6875em;float: left;line-height: 0.733em;padding: 0.05em 0.1em 0 0;font-family: times, serif, georgia\">I\u003c/span> am guessing that on some level lots of us buy into the stereotype of the Bay Area as a hotbed of progressive activism. A place that's bluer than blue, that's quick to march, that's home to the \u003ca href=\"http://www.democracynow.org/2009/10/7/as_afghan_war_enters_9th_year\" target=\"_blank\">only member of Congress\u003c/a> to vote against going to war in Afghanistan after 9/11. A place that's proud to have fostered the Free Speech Movement, the Black Panthers and the fight for gay (now LGBTQ) liberation.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>It's true that street activism is very much alive here. The last six years, for instance, have seen what amounts to one long campaign against police violence and social injustice -- a campaign that was sparked by the police killing of BART passenger Oscar Grant, became entwined with the economic justice demands of the Occupy movement and that continues today as part of the Black Lives Matter demonstrations.\u003c/p>\n\u003caside class=\"pullquote alignleft\">1870s San Francisco was a sort of perverse twin to today's city, home to an activism that was anything but 'progressive.'\u003c/aside>\n\u003cp>Amid those sporadic eruptions, the tech boom got going and itself became enmeshed in protest. You know the story: Armies of mostly young and highly paid programmers, engineers and entrepreneurs -- and the companies that employ them -- are remaking large swaths of San Francisco, Oakland, the Peninsula and Silicon Valley. Rents have soared, lower-income tenants have lost homes and familiar local businesses, watering holes, art galleries and nonprofits have been priced out.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Overnight, or so it seemed, fleets of huge corporate shuttle buses appeared on the streets to whisk the better-paid-than-most-of-us technologists to and from Silicon Valley. Anti-eviction activists turned the vehicles into \u003ca href=\"http://www.theguardian.com/world/2014/jan/25/google-bus-protest-swells-to-revolt-san-francisco\" target=\"_blank\">an internationally recognized symbol\u003c/a> for wealth inequality and community displacement.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>So that's our tradition of activism as it looks in the early 21st century.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But when you get out your pick and shovel (or your library card, Kindle and Web browser) and start digging through the dense strata of protest, agitation and political turbulence that have been laid down here over the decades, you eventually find yourself in 1870s San Francisco, a sort of perverse twin to today's city. It was a place of magnificent wealth displayed amid a full-on depression. It was crowded with desperate and disillusioned people, and it was home to an activism marked by unbridled intolerance and racism directed at one group of immigrants who had ventured across the Pacific to join the Gold Rush.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan style=\"font-size: 4.6875em;float: left;line-height: 0.733em;padding: 0.05em 0.1em 0 0;font-family: times, serif, georgia\">B\u003c/span>y 1870, San Francisco had experienced two major booms. The first was touched off in 1848 by the Gold Rush and transformed a village of about 800 people into a city of 35,000 in just five years. When the flow of gold from the Sierra slowed in the mid-1850s, San Francisco suffered its first prolonged economic slump. Population growth slowed and the city's \u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/news/2015/01/13/san-francisco-real-estate-prices-gold-rush\" target=\"_blank\">real estate bubble collapsed\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But the downturn didn't last long. Another boom got under way in 1859 with the discovery of Nevada's \u003ca href=\"http://www.onlinenevada.org/articles/comstock-lode\" target=\"_blank\">Comstock Lode\u003c/a> in the mountains northeast of Lake Tahoe. The Comstock was one of the biggest silver finds in history and touched off a new kind of mining bonanza, one in which speculators, bankers and everyday investors all joined the rush.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The Comstock mines produced more than $300 million in silver in a little more than two decades, wealth that was largely controlled in San Francisco and helped spark the city's rapid growth -- from about 57,000 in 1860 to 150,000 in 1870 and 233,000 in 1880. (The Comstock also drove a secondary mining boom in the hills just south of the small town of San Jose, where mines in the \u003ca href=\"http://www.historysanjose.org/neighborhoods/newalmaden/\">New Almaden district\u003c/a> produced mercury crucial to the gold and silver refining process.)\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The wealth extracted from the mines was one thing. But there was another source of wealth to be tapped, too, for those who knew how.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Development of the Comstock was financed largely by investment and speculation on San Francisco's new stock exchange, which focused on trading shares in mining concerns. For a time, everyone wanted in on the game. Here's how Gary Kamiya describes the local Comstock mania in his popular history, \u003ca href=\"http://sfpl.org/index.php?pg=1014001201\" target=\"_blank\">\u003cem>Cool Gray City of Love\u003c/em>\u003c/a>:\u003c/p>\n\u003cblockquote>\u003cp>San Francisco had always been a gambler’s town, but during silver’s 15-year heyday, virtually the entire population succumbed to a gambling mania unlike any it had seen before or would ever see again. What made speculating in mining stocks so addictive was that their values fluctuated so wildly. A rumor that a new vein had been found could cause the value of a mine’s stock to go up 10 times; it could plummet a week later. As a result, anyone could make a fortune literally overnight, and many did. The entire city buzzed with tales of chambermaids who bought the rooming houses they had worked in a few weeks earlier and of former ditchdiggers riding down newly fashionable Kearny Street in opulent carriages.\u003c/p>\u003c/blockquote>\n\u003cp>But those who got rich -- and for the most part stayed rich -- were a small group of \u003ca href=\"http://www.onlinenevada.org/articles/bank-crowd\" target=\"_blank\">bankers\u003c/a> and \u003ca href=\"http://floodestate.com/GullixsonPresentsTheFloodEstate/History.html\" target=\"_blank\">investors\u003c/a> who controlled both the mines and the exchange.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"By controlling information from the mines,\" historian Gray Brechin writes in \u003ca href=\"http://books.google.com/books/about/Imperial_San_Francisco.html?id=lGJq8nWqY-oC\" target=\"_blank\">\u003cem>Imperial San Francisco\u003c/em>\u003c/a>, this group \"had an advantage available to few other gamblers on the Exchange. The barest hint of a new discovery in the mines triggered mayhem in San Francisco resembling religious rapture or riot. ... Those who had the latest information ... used it to manipulate the market to aggrandize their fortunes from the investments of others.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Both Kamiya and Brechin quote \u003ca href=\"http://www.timeshutter.com/image/robert-louis-stevenson-memorial-san-francisco-california\" target=\"_blank\">Robert Louis Stevenson\u003c/a>'s description of the scene and the process that was at work as he viewed it from a neighborhood he termed \"the hill of palaces\":\u003c/p>\n\u003cblockquote>\u003cp>From Nob Hill, looking down upon the business wards of the city, we can decry a building with a little belfry, and that is the stock exchange, the heart of San Francisco; a great pump we might call it, continually pumping up the savings of the lower quarters into the pockets of the millionaires upon the hill.\u003c/p>\u003c/blockquote>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_10429593\" class=\"wp-caption alignleft\" style=\"max-width: 559px\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2015/02/RS14046_AAB-9544.jpg\">\u003cimg class=\"size-full wp-image-10429593\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2015/02/RS14046_AAB-9544.jpg\" alt=\"An 1891 view of Nob Hill, looking north up Powell Street. To the left (west) of Powell at the top of the hill are the mansions of Leland Stanford, Mark Hopkins and James C. Flood. \" width=\"559\" height=\"400\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2015/02/RS14046_AAB-9544.jpg 559w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2015/02/RS14046_AAB-9544-400x286.jpg 400w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 559px) 100vw, 559px\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">An 1891 view of Nob Hill, looking north up Powell Street. To the left (west) of Powell at the top of the hill are the mansions of Leland Stanford, Mark Hopkins and James C. Flood. \u003ccite>(San Francisco Public Library History Center)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>The Comstock made several of those millionaires who built palaces on the hill, including James Flood, whose mansion survives today as the Pacific Union Club, at California and Mason streets. Others who chose Nob Hill as a showcase for their fortunes included Leland Stanford, Mark Hopkins, Collis Huntington and Charles Crocker, \u003ca href=\"http://foundsf.org/index.php?title=The_Octopus_and_the_Big_Four\" target=\"_blank\">the Big Four\u003c/a>, the principal founding investors in the Central Pacific, North America's first transcontinental railroad.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>While the railroad made the Big Four rich, it didn't turn into the engine of prosperity that promoters promised or that San Francisco expected when it was finished in 1869. On the one hand, the road's completion sent thousands of workers, many of them Chinese immigrants, looking for new jobs. On the other, the railroad served as a conduit for masses of people coming in search of work and land.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>There was little land to be had, though. By one account 0.2 percent of the state's population -- that's two-tenths of 1 percent -- controlled half the land, and huge tracts had been granted to the railroads. Jobs were few, too, as the economy of San Francisco and California as a whole sank into a funk.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"The particular point we have in view is the lamentable lack of employment for laborers, which is so crying an evil of the day,\" wrote the San Francisco Evening Bulletin in early 1870. \"There are those who estimate the proportion of laborers in California who are out of work ... as high as twenty percent, or one-fifth of the entire mass of inhabitants.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003caside class=\"pullquote alignright\">'There are those who estimate the proportion of laborers in California who are out of work ... as high as twenty percent, or one-fifth of the entire mass of inhabitants.'\u003ccite>San Francisco Evening Bulletin, 1870\u003c/cite>\u003c/aside>\n\u003cp>One East Coast commentator wrote that California and San Francisco were experiencing a \"revolution,\" plunging back to earth after the excesses of the Gold Rush and Comstock decades:\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"Speculation was the groundwork of all her wealth and her growth; uncertainty and irregularity were the laws of her prosperity. High prices and vast profits, a grand and reckless way of business and of life pervaded all her society and her movements,\" wrote Massachusetts newspaper editor Samuel Bowles, who twice visited the city in the mid- and late 1860s. \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Bowles characterized the situation as the city and state \"struggling into conformity with the modes and morals and money of the nation,\" a transition he observed provoked widespread discontent.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"At first the people seemed stunned with the revelation and the revolution,\" Bowles said. \"They cursed the railroad, they cursed the Bank of California, and they cursed the Chinese, one and all, as parents of their disappointment.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan style=\"font-size: 4.6875em;float: left;line-height: 0.733em;padding: 0.05em 0.1em 0 0;font-family: times, serif, georgia\">\"C\u003c/span>ursing the Chinese\" was something of a constant among California's white population in the state's early decades.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The Chinese, of course, had joined the rush to what they called Gold Mountain in 1849, along with immigrants from the eastern U.S. states, Western Europe, Mexico, Chile, Peru, Hawaii, Australia and New Zealand.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_10429650\" class=\"wp-caption alignright\" style=\"max-width: 400px\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2015/02/chineserailroad-e1423609155666.jpg\">\u003cimg class=\"size-thumbnail wp-image-10429650\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2015/02/chineserailroad-e1423609155666-400x411.jpg\" alt=\"Chinese workers on the Central Pacific Railroad's route through the Sierra Nevada. \" width=\"400\" height=\"411\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2015/02/chineserailroad-e1423609155666-400x411.jpg 400w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2015/02/chineserailroad-e1423609155666-800x822.jpg 800w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2015/02/chineserailroad-e1423609155666-32x32.jpg 32w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2015/02/chineserailroad-e1423609155666.jpg 1252w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 400px) 100vw, 400px\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Chinese workers on the Central Pacific Railroad's route through the Sierra Nevada. \u003ccite>(Harper's Weekly/Bancroft Library)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>White California was not, by and large, a particularly welcoming place for the new arrivals from Mexico and lands south, many of whom were experienced miners when they arrived in the gold fields. Historians note they played an important role in teaching the American novices how to find and remove gold from the streams and hillsides where it lay. Their reward was a state tax on foreign miners and repeated episodes of violence and mistreatment.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Worse was in store for the Chinese.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>California -- most of the white population, its lawmakers and their enactments -- reserved a sustained hostility for these early Asian immigrants almost from the first. Arriving in the gold fields, they were generally excluded from all but the poorest mining claims -- those that had already been worked and believed exhausted. They were often the target of violence and were, like blacks and Indians, denied the right even to testify in court against those who robbed and attacked them.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>What was the source of the animus, which was soon to have official backing?\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Theodore Hittell, who produced a voluminous California history, \u003ca href=\"https://archive.org/stream/gb0e4-lf4RejkC#page/n93/mode/2up\" target=\"_blank\">offered this speculation\u003c/a>:\u003c/p>\n\u003cblockquote>\u003cp>It was the practice of the Chinese then as now to huddle together in special and confined quarters and to dress and live as they had dressed and lived in China. Almost all their clothing and most all their food, which consisted in great part of rice, were imported from their native land. As a class they were harmless, peaceful and exceedingly industrious; but, as they were remarkably economical and spent little or none of their earnings except for the necessaries of life and this chiefly to merchants of their own nationality, they soon began to provoke the prejudice and ill-will of those who could not see any value in their labor to the country.\u003c/p>\u003c/blockquote>\n\u003cp>A much more recent historian -- Charles J. McClain, in \u003ca href=\"https://books.google.com/books?id=eZ7TqtjYlfcC\" target=\"_blank\">\u003cem>In Search of Equality: The Chinese Struggle against Discrimination in Nineteenth-Century America\u003c/em>\u003c/a> -- cites that passage and amplifies it:\u003c/p>\n\u003cblockquote>\u003cp>In short, [the Chinese] worked too hard (often for less pay than others were willing to accept), saved too much, and spent too little. In addition, they looked and behaved differently from the majority population. Beneath all the surface rationalizations, this was to be the gravamen of the complaint against the Chinese through the many phases of the anti-Chinese movement in California.\u003c/p>\u003c/blockquote>\n\u003cp>That movement led to a series of state and local laws meant to force the Chinese to leave California or make it extremely difficult or expensive to stay. The tax on foreign miners was increased repeatedly. The Legislature enacted a variety of fees and taxes on arriving Chinese immigrants, then a tax of $2.50 month (something like $60 in today's money) on most Chinese residents. Chinese children were excluded from the state's public schools.\u003c/p>\n\u003caside class=\"pullquote alignright\">'We would beg to remind you that when your nation was a wilderness ... we exercised most of the arts and virtues of civilized life.'\u003ccite>Norman Asing,\u003cbr>\nChinese-American merchant\u003c/cite>\u003c/aside>\n\u003cp>San Francisco's Board of Supervisors joined in the anti-Chinese campaign with a long list of discriminatory ordinances. One attempted to ban Chinese peddlers from the common practice of carrying their goods on poles. Other laws attempted to impose punitive fees on the city's large number of Chinese laundries and to regulate the size of rooms in lodging-houses.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>As McClain notes, the Chinese didn't take this continuing assault on their liberty lying down. As the anti-Chinese agitation got under way in the early 1850s, Gov. John Bigler sent the Legislature a special message urging a program of taxes and other measures to stop Chinese immigration.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Among his justifications: the unfounded claim that the Chinese arriving in California were \"coolies\" -- essentially indentured servants who were little better than slaves for the Chinese contractors who hired them. He also argued that, in essence, the Chinese were inferior, ignorant of the enlightened American way of doing things: incapable, for instance, of understanding the importance of or keeping an oath of citizenship.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Bigler's message brought a response from a Chinese merchant in San Francisco named Norman Asing, who blasted the logic of excluding productive immigrants and questioning who in California really represented an inferior culture.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"We would beg to remind you that when your nation was a wilderness, and the nation from whom you sprung \u003cem>barbarous\u003c/em>, we exercised most of the arts and virtues of civilized life,\" Asing wrote.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>More important, McClain says, is that leading members of the Chinese community, centered in San Francisco, approached the Legislature directly to try to stem the tide of punitive taxes and other laws. When that effort met with only modest success, they challenged the anti-Chinese laws in court and got the worst of them thrown out. In the 1850s, for instance, Chinese plaintiffs sued the state to overturn a tax to be levied against all arriving Chinese passengers and another that sought to ban Chinese from landing at the state's ports. Both laws were struck down for interfering with federal powers.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Likewise in the late 1860s and early '70s, Chinese Californians waged long and ultimately successful campaigns to win the right to testify in court and to end enforcement of the discriminatory tax on foreign miners.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan style=\"font-size: 4.6875em;float: left;line-height: 0.733em;padding: 0.05em 0.1em 0 0;font-family: times, serif, georgia\">T\u003c/span>he consistency with which courts struck down the anti-Chinese laws did little to dampen the anti-Chinese movement. Calls for an end to Chinese immigration grew louder as California and San Francisco bumped from one economic trough to another in the 1870s.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Speculation in Comstock mining shares grew fevered in 1872, then subsided with widespread losses. Immense new silver discoveries in 1873 triggered another investment frenzy.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Hubert Howe Bancroft's \u003cem>History of California\u003c/em> said the stock exchanges \"were weird in their excitement, the brokers crying to one another, like the unseemly harpies of Dante's hell, every cry carrying the Comstock higher.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"If people were wild in those cases or in the excitement of 1872, they now became, so to speak, insane,\" wrote T.H. Hittell in his own history of the period. He said everyone wanted in:\u003c/p>\n\u003cblockquote>\u003cp>The race for wealth, which was simply a race to secure stock in the bonanza mines, attracted nearly everybody. The man or woman, who had or could raise money and did not invest, was the exception. Not only the profits of common trade, manufactures and agriculture but often the principal, the slow accumulations of industry, the hard-earned wages of labor, the salaries of professors and preachers, the fees of lawyers and physicians, the deposits in savings banks, the produce of mortgaged homesteads, the money that was inherited or that could be borrowed -- nearly all found their way into the mining-stock market.\u003c/p>\u003c/blockquote>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_10429664\" class=\"wp-caption alignleft\" style=\"max-width: 400px\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2015/02/William_Chapman_Ralston-e1423609877768.jpg\">\u003cimg class=\"size-thumbnail wp-image-10429664\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2015/02/William_Chapman_Ralston-400x553.jpg\" alt=\"William C. Ralston, president of the Bank of California, drowned in San Francisco Bay the day after a run on the bank revealed it to be bankrupt. \" width=\"400\" height=\"553\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">William C. Ralston, president of the Bank of California, drowned in San Francisco Bay the day after a run on the bank revealed it to be bankrupt. \u003ccite>(Wikimedia Commons)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>It didn't take long for the speculation to exact its toll. One of the first and most notable investors ruined in the 1875 fall of mining stocks was San Francisco's \u003ca href=\"http://www.sfmuseum.net/hist10/wralston.html\">William C. Ralston\u003c/a>. His Bank of California, the biggest financial institution in the state, was forced to close for a time because of losses incurred in his secret speculation in the mines. Ralston drowned off North Beach the day after a run on the bank, a death many presumed to be a suicide.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>A plunge in mining stocks in 1877 wiped out investors large and small in the city and led to a renewed financial panic. Economic conditions were made worse by the effects of a drought that wiped out most of the year's wheat crop and devastated the cattle industry. The effects of a nationwide depression added to the malaise.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In a city with a population that now exceeded 200,000, about one in five adult men were out of work. Charities in the city were feeding about 2,000 people a day. Only the very wealthiest, the insiders who had developed the Comstock mines and those who had built the railroads -- those folks who had put up their palaces on Nob Hill -- seemed to be immune from the hard times that had descended over the city in the summer of 1877.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"Trade was bad, work was scarce, and for what there was of it the Chinese, willing to take only half the ordinary wages, competed with the white labourer,\" wrote 19th century political historian James Bryce. \"The mob of San Francisco, swelled by disappointed miners from the camps and labourers out of work, men lured from distant homes by the hope of wealth and ease in the land of gold, saw itself on the verge of starvation, while the splendid mansions of speculators, who fifteen years before had kept little shops, rose along the heights of the city, and the newspapers reported their luxurious banquets.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Now, the millionaires and San Francisco's roughly 20,000 Chinese residents -- groups at opposite ends of the economic spectrum --- were about to become the targets of a fierce political movement on the city's streets.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Part 2:\u003c/strong> \u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/news/2015/02/12/boomtown-history-2b\" target=\"_blank\">'The Chinese Must Go!'\u003c/a>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>Curious about the boom/bust cycle that is reshaping the Bay Area? Check out our \u003ca href=\"http://kqed.org/boomtown\" target=\"_blank\">Boomtown series.\u003c/a>\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>",
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"slug": "naacps-amos-brown-blacks-have-gained-zero-from-bay-areas-boom",
"title": "NAACP's Amos Brown: Blacks Have Gained 'Zero' From Bay Area's Boom",
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"content": "\u003cp>\u003cstrong>The Rev. Amos C. Brown, 74, is the p\u003c/strong>\u003cstrong>astor at Third Baptist Church of San Francisco. He also serves as the \u003c/strong>\u003cstrong style=\"line-height: 1.5\">San Francisco branch president of the NAACP and is a national board member. Brown first c\u003c/strong>\u003cstrong>ame to San Francisco in 1976.\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>What do you make of the Bay Area’s economic boom?\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>It’s principally been going on at the expense of black people, and the marginalized. And that’s what troubles me, as it was even in the Gold Rush days — blacks were excluded from the boom. It’s happening again now.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[soundcloud url=”https://api.soundcloud.com/tracks/189378704″ params=”color=ff5500&auto_play=false&hide_related=false&show_comments=true&show_user=true&show_reposts=false” width=”100%” height=”166″ iframe=”true” /]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>How much, if at all, is the boom benefiting your congregants at Third Baptist and the people you serve through the NAACP? Are there any benefits?\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>No, there’s no benefits from it. Zero. The black population was dislocated in this town (by the redevelopment of the Western Addition). …There are not enough blacks left in this town to even fill up Candlestick Park. Why did that happen to one group? Why is it that other groups are holding their own, or they’re going up? What’s odd about black people that we can’t have the same equal opportunities as everyone else to fail and to succeed? There is a disadvantage to being black in this town.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>[EDITOR’S NOTE: The 2010 Census found that San Francisco has 48,870 African-American residents, or 6.1 percent of its population. Candlestick Park holds about 70,000 people.]\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>What about solutions? What specific policies might help?\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>There need to be some reparations. And I use that word without being apologetic. Tennyson says in \u003cem>\u003ca href=\"http://www.poetryfoundation.org/poem/174659\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Ulysses\u003c/a>\u003c/em>: “I am a part of all that I have met.” And you mean to tell me that you feel that we don’t deserve anything, when you can give reparations to the Japanese for what we did to them when they were in (internment) camps? Here, in this Northern California region. We gave them reparations. We’re talking about a collective effort made to empower a people, and there should be millions of dollars made available: for economic empowerment (and) compensation for the deficiencies in education.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[contextly_sidebar id=”fHlCnSdNpP0W54fiFDJadkyJlH6CXXLX”]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>For non-black San Franciscans, explain what difference it should make that blacks are leaving the city. How does it affect them?\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Diversity, the rainbow, brings quality to the human existence — even in music. Dr. (Martin Luther) King once said he had the dream that everybody from bass black to treble white would be significant on the Constitution’s keyboard. But instead of that dream being fulfilled, instead of us having harmony, there’s been dissonance and noise. Because we do not respect everybody’s uniqueness and everybody’s culture: be they gay or straight, black, brown, yellow, red or white. We ought to have respect for the worth and dignity of all human life.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>Curious about the boom/bust cycle that is reshaping the Bay Area? Check out our \u003ca href=\"http://kqed.org/boomtown\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Boomtown series.\u003c/a>\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\n",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>\u003cstrong>The Rev. Amos C. Brown, 74, is the p\u003c/strong>\u003cstrong>astor at Third Baptist Church of San Francisco. He also serves as the \u003c/strong>\u003cstrong style=\"line-height: 1.5\">San Francisco branch president of the NAACP and is a national board member. Brown first c\u003c/strong>\u003cstrong>ame to San Francisco in 1976.\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>What do you make of the Bay Area’s economic boom?\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>It’s principally been going on at the expense of black people, and the marginalized. And that’s what troubles me, as it was even in the Gold Rush days — blacks were excluded from the boom. It’s happening again now.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003cdiv class='utils-parseShortcode-shortcodes-__shortcodes__shortcodeWrapper'>\n \u003ciframe width='”100%”' height='”166″'\n scrolling='no' frameborder='no'\n src='https://w.soundcloud.com/player/?url=”https://api.soundcloud.com/tracks/189378704″&visual=true&”color=ff5500&auto_play=false&hide_related=false&show_comments=true&show_user=true&show_reposts=false”'\n title='”https://api.soundcloud.com/tracks/189378704″'>\n \u003c/iframe>\n \u003c/div>\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>How much, if at all, is the boom benefiting your congregants at Third Baptist and the people you serve through the NAACP? Are there any benefits?\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>No, there’s no benefits from it. Zero. The black population was dislocated in this town (by the redevelopment of the Western Addition). …There are not enough blacks left in this town to even fill up Candlestick Park. Why did that happen to one group? Why is it that other groups are holding their own, or they’re going up? What’s odd about black people that we can’t have the same equal opportunities as everyone else to fail and to succeed? There is a disadvantage to being black in this town.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>[EDITOR’S NOTE: The 2010 Census found that San Francisco has 48,870 African-American residents, or 6.1 percent of its population. Candlestick Park holds about 70,000 people.]\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>What about solutions? What specific policies might help?\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>There need to be some reparations. And I use that word without being apologetic. Tennyson says in \u003cem>\u003ca href=\"http://www.poetryfoundation.org/poem/174659\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Ulysses\u003c/a>\u003c/em>: “I am a part of all that I have met.” And you mean to tell me that you feel that we don’t deserve anything, when you can give reparations to the Japanese for what we did to them when they were in (internment) camps? Here, in this Northern California region. We gave them reparations. We’re talking about a collective effort made to empower a people, and there should be millions of dollars made available: for economic empowerment (and) compensation for the deficiencies in education.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>For non-black San Franciscans, explain what difference it should make that blacks are leaving the city. How does it affect them?\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Diversity, the rainbow, brings quality to the human existence — even in music. Dr. (Martin Luther) King once said he had the dream that everybody from bass black to treble white would be significant on the Constitution’s keyboard. But instead of that dream being fulfilled, instead of us having harmony, there’s been dissonance and noise. Because we do not respect everybody’s uniqueness and everybody’s culture: be they gay or straight, black, brown, yellow, red or white. We ought to have respect for the worth and dignity of all human life.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>Curious about the boom/bust cycle that is reshaping the Bay Area? Check out our \u003ca href=\"http://kqed.org/boomtown\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Boomtown series.\u003c/a>\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>",
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"disqusTitle": "Enforcement Issues Remain as San Francisco's Airbnb Law Takes Effect",
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"content": "\u003cp>As San Francisco begins formal regulation of the burgeoning short-term rental industry, questions remain over how the city can regulate the thousands of listings available on sites like Airbnb.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Starting today (Monday, Feb. 2), San Franciscans \u003ca href=\"http://www.sf-planning.org/index.aspx?page=2719&recordid=290&returnURL=%2findex.aspx\" target=\"_blank\">will be allowed\u003c/a> to put their homes on vacation rental platforms for up to 90 days a year. There will be no limit on \"hosted\" rentals -- that is, when the host stays in the house or apartment while guests are visiting.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The legislation that led to the new law was debated in months of \u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/news/2014/08/08/home-rental-airbnb-san-francisco-law/\" target=\"_blank\">city hearings\u003c/a> and a \u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/news/chiu-leads-campos-in-s.f.-assembly-race\" target=\"_blank\">hotly contested state Assembly race\u003c/a> that sent the bill's author, David Chiu, to Sacramento.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Chiu and other proponents argued that the city had to get ahead of the unregulated industry and fill city coffers with taxes and fees from the thousands of listings posted in San Francisco.\u003c/p>\n\u003caside class=\"pullquote alignright\">'If they want to [rent out a room] for 90 days, 180 days, then you’re talking about somebody who really needs to be in the business of running a bed and breakfast. And they should have a permit for that.'\u003ccite>Dale Carlson,\u003cbr>\nShare Better San Francisco\u003c/cite>\u003c/aside>\n\u003cp>Opponents countered that the city should focus on stopping, not legalizing, the illegal short-term rentals at a time when permanent rental stock in the city is so scarce.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The legislation that Mayor Ed Lee signed in October establishes a process for residents to become legal hosts. They must apply every two years through the city's Planning Department, the agency now charged with implementing and enforcing the new law. The application includes proof of residency, liability insurance and a $50 fee.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>That biennial fee could be going up in the future because there are already concerns that the Planning Department won't have enough resources to be the city's Airbnb detective force, investigating complaints against hosts and cracking down on those who break the law.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"I think we’ve always known that the $50 fee would not cover all of the costs,\" says Scott Sanchez, who is overseeing enforcement for the department. \"The idea was to have a fee that would be low to encourage people to come in and then register. \"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In six months, if the Planning Department finds that the cost of the program requires more funding, the city controller can raise the application fee without further debate at the Board of Supervisors.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In the meantime, Sanchez says the department will also rely on other sources of funding, including the thousands of dollars in penalties that hosts could face for breaking the law, by either not registering or turning a full unit into a permanent rental.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Enforcement Help on the Way? \u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The Planning Department could soon have assistance in bringing penalties against law-breaking hosts.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>District Six Supervisor Jane Kim, who voted for the ordinance, is sponsoring an amendment that would allow affordable housing nonprofits to directly sue hosts who break the law. That measure could get a final vote at the Board of Supervisors in March. She says her concern is that the ordinance lacks \"enough teeth\" to ensure effective enforcement.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"The city has too many cases, and nonprofits have been really helpful in helping us to assist and making sure laws are being followed,\" Kim says.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Fight at the Ballot Box Looming \u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Efforts to amend the ordinance could be upended by a measure that could make its way onto the November ballot. The initiative, from the group \u003ca href=\"http://www.sharebettersf.com/\" target=\"_blank\">Share Better San Francisco\u003c/a>, is expected to be completed in March and circulated for signature-gathering in April and May.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Share Better SF co-founder Dale Carlson says the existing legislation still leaves too much of the city's scarce housing stock at risk of permanently being pulled off the rental market.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"If they want to [rent out a room] for 90 days, 180 days, then you’re talking about somebody who really needs to be in the business of running a bed and breakfast,\" Carlson says, \"And they should have a permit for that.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The measure would include many proposals that failed to gain passage at the Board of Supervisors during the debate over the bill last fall.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>One would require hosting platforms to pay back taxes before any of the short-term rentals are legalized. Estimates for Airbnb's back taxes run as high as $25 million, but the company says it's already \u003ca href=\"http://abc7news.com/travel/airbnb-hosts-will-need-to-register-with-city-of-san-francisco/493848/\" target=\"_blank\">working with the city treasurer's office\u003c/a> to resolve the matter.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Another piece would cap all rentals at 90 days a year, regardless of whether the host remains in the home during the guest's stay.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Of course, enforcement is also on the mind of Carlson and the measure's proponents.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The nonprofit \"private right-of-action\" provision would be included in the ballot item, and the city attorney will be given the power to go after hosts who violate the ordinance.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Despite her shared concerns over enforcement, Kim hopes a ballot battle can be avoided.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"While the legislation probably went 60 to 70 percent of the way to ensure [enforcement] is going to happen,\" she says, \"it's not going to be able to enforce against all of the bad behavior that’s being spurred by this lucrative market. I’m looking forward to seeing if there are legislative opportunities that we can put in place.\"\u003c/p>\n\n",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>As San Francisco begins formal regulation of the burgeoning short-term rental industry, questions remain over how the city can regulate the thousands of listings available on sites like Airbnb.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Starting today (Monday, Feb. 2), San Franciscans \u003ca href=\"http://www.sf-planning.org/index.aspx?page=2719&recordid=290&returnURL=%2findex.aspx\" target=\"_blank\">will be allowed\u003c/a> to put their homes on vacation rental platforms for up to 90 days a year. There will be no limit on \"hosted\" rentals -- that is, when the host stays in the house or apartment while guests are visiting.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The legislation that led to the new law was debated in months of \u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/news/2014/08/08/home-rental-airbnb-san-francisco-law/\" target=\"_blank\">city hearings\u003c/a> and a \u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/news/chiu-leads-campos-in-s.f.-assembly-race\" target=\"_blank\">hotly contested state Assembly race\u003c/a> that sent the bill's author, David Chiu, to Sacramento.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Chiu and other proponents argued that the city had to get ahead of the unregulated industry and fill city coffers with taxes and fees from the thousands of listings posted in San Francisco.\u003c/p>\n\u003caside class=\"pullquote alignright\">'If they want to [rent out a room] for 90 days, 180 days, then you’re talking about somebody who really needs to be in the business of running a bed and breakfast. And they should have a permit for that.'\u003ccite>Dale Carlson,\u003cbr>\nShare Better San Francisco\u003c/cite>\u003c/aside>\n\u003cp>Opponents countered that the city should focus on stopping, not legalizing, the illegal short-term rentals at a time when permanent rental stock in the city is so scarce.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The legislation that Mayor Ed Lee signed in October establishes a process for residents to become legal hosts. They must apply every two years through the city's Planning Department, the agency now charged with implementing and enforcing the new law. The application includes proof of residency, liability insurance and a $50 fee.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>That biennial fee could be going up in the future because there are already concerns that the Planning Department won't have enough resources to be the city's Airbnb detective force, investigating complaints against hosts and cracking down on those who break the law.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"I think we’ve always known that the $50 fee would not cover all of the costs,\" says Scott Sanchez, who is overseeing enforcement for the department. \"The idea was to have a fee that would be low to encourage people to come in and then register. \"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In six months, if the Planning Department finds that the cost of the program requires more funding, the city controller can raise the application fee without further debate at the Board of Supervisors.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In the meantime, Sanchez says the department will also rely on other sources of funding, including the thousands of dollars in penalties that hosts could face for breaking the law, by either not registering or turning a full unit into a permanent rental.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Enforcement Help on the Way? \u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The Planning Department could soon have assistance in bringing penalties against law-breaking hosts.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>District Six Supervisor Jane Kim, who voted for the ordinance, is sponsoring an amendment that would allow affordable housing nonprofits to directly sue hosts who break the law. That measure could get a final vote at the Board of Supervisors in March. She says her concern is that the ordinance lacks \"enough teeth\" to ensure effective enforcement.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"The city has too many cases, and nonprofits have been really helpful in helping us to assist and making sure laws are being followed,\" Kim says.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Fight at the Ballot Box Looming \u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Efforts to amend the ordinance could be upended by a measure that could make its way onto the November ballot. The initiative, from the group \u003ca href=\"http://www.sharebettersf.com/\" target=\"_blank\">Share Better San Francisco\u003c/a>, is expected to be completed in March and circulated for signature-gathering in April and May.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Share Better SF co-founder Dale Carlson says the existing legislation still leaves too much of the city's scarce housing stock at risk of permanently being pulled off the rental market.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"If they want to [rent out a room] for 90 days, 180 days, then you’re talking about somebody who really needs to be in the business of running a bed and breakfast,\" Carlson says, \"And they should have a permit for that.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The measure would include many proposals that failed to gain passage at the Board of Supervisors during the debate over the bill last fall.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>One would require hosting platforms to pay back taxes before any of the short-term rentals are legalized. Estimates for Airbnb's back taxes run as high as $25 million, but the company says it's already \u003ca href=\"http://abc7news.com/travel/airbnb-hosts-will-need-to-register-with-city-of-san-francisco/493848/\" target=\"_blank\">working with the city treasurer's office\u003c/a> to resolve the matter.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Another piece would cap all rentals at 90 days a year, regardless of whether the host remains in the home during the guest's stay.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Of course, enforcement is also on the mind of Carlson and the measure's proponents.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The nonprofit \"private right-of-action\" provision would be included in the ballot item, and the city attorney will be given the power to go after hosts who violate the ordinance.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Despite her shared concerns over enforcement, Kim hopes a ballot battle can be avoided.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"While the legislation probably went 60 to 70 percent of the way to ensure [enforcement] is going to happen,\" she says, \"it's not going to be able to enforce against all of the bad behavior that’s being spurred by this lucrative market. I’m looking forward to seeing if there are legislative opportunities that we can put in place.\"\u003c/p>\n\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>",
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"disqusTitle": "One Dead, Five Injured in Four-Alarm Mission District Fire",
"title": "One Dead, Five Injured in Four-Alarm Mission District Fire",
"headTitle": "News Fix | KQED News",
"content": "\u003cp>\u003c!-- iframe plugin v.4.3 wordpress.org/plugins/iframe/ -->\u003cbr>\n\u003ciframe frameborder=\"0\" src=\"http://www.crowdalbum.com/ext/widget/album/54c9b679d1e49e2d77000036\" align=\"alignleft\" scrolling=\"no\" allowtransparency=\"true\" style=\"width: 800px; height: 300px;\" width=\"100%\" height=\"500\" class=\"iframe-class\">\u003c/iframe>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Update, 9:45 a.m. Thursday:\u003c/strong> San Francisco fire officials are investigating whether some exits were blocked in a three-story mixed commercial and residential building that burned last night in the Mission District.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Fire Department spokeswoman Lt. Mindy Talmadge \u003ca href=\"http://www.sfgate.com/bayarea/article/Firefighters-dousing-hotspots-at-scene-of-fatal-6048322.php\">told the San Francisco Chronicle\u003c/a> that investigators are looking into numerous reports that fire escapes in the three-story building were locked or blocked. Talmadge added that some residents said they didn't hear fire alarms as the blaze spread.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Fire Chief Joanne Hayes-White said Wednesday evening that firefighters made at least 11 rescues during the blaze, which broke out about 6:50 p.m.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>One person -- still unidentified -- died in the fire and five others were injured, the Fire Department said Thursday. Injuries to building residents included burns and smoke inhalation. One firefighter was treated for dehydration.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Investigators estimated losses at more than $8 million, and city officials said about 20 businesses had been displaced. The building was occupied by businesses on the first floor, offices on the second floor and by third-floor apartments.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Police and fire investigators are looking into the cause of the blaze, but said they believe it broke out on the third floor and did not involve arson or foul play.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Original post (Wednesday night):\u003c/strong> One person was killed and six were injured in a four-alarm fire that swept through a mixed-use building Wednesday evening in the heart of San Francisco's Mission District.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The fire, in a three-story building at the corner of 22nd and Mission streets, broke out about 6:50 p.m. The building, at the northwest corner of the intersection, houses businesses at street level, offices on the second floor, and apartments on the third floor.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>At least 100 firefighters were involved in trying to control the blaze. ABC7 reports that some fire escapes in the building were blocked, and San Francisco Fire Chief Joanne Hayes-White reported that crews made 11 rescues.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The injured were taken to San Francisco General Hospital, reportedly suffering from non-life-threatening injuries, including burns and smoke inhalation.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>As the fire continued to burn, residents evacuated from the building's 12 apartments were taken to the City College of San Francisco facility on Valencia Street. About 40 people were displaced by the blaze.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>https://twitter.com/WAGGNews/status/560672083235966977\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Here's \u003ca href=\"http://missionlocal.org/2015/01/fire-at-mission-and-22nd-street/\">part of the account\u003c/a> published by news site Mission Local, which has offices in the building:\u003c/p>\n\u003cblockquote>\u003cp>As of 8:50 p.m., there is at least one confirmed death, an adult male, according to fire chief Joanne Hayes White. At least four additional people are being treated at an area hospital for smoke inhalation and burn wounds.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The fire began at 6:50 p.m. closer to the 22nd Street side of the building, but quickly spread and escalated. According to Hayes White the fire ran through the building's attic.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>It was “Terrible,” said one eyewitness. There were people trying to escape. “A boy on the fire escape with a dog and people just standing around recording,” the witness said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“I escorted a bleeding man to firefighters,” she added. “No one thought to help.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Chief Hayes White told media that fire fighters had made at least 11 rescues, several from the fire escapes facing Mission Street, and several more from the building’s internal staircase. Fire fighters “knocked on every door,” said Hayes White.\u003c/p>\u003c/blockquote>\n\u003cp>And from \u003ca href=\"http://www.sfgate.com/bayarea/article/Crews-battle-raging-Mission-District-fire-6047291.php\" target=\"_blank\">the San Francisco Chronicle's account\u003c/a> of the fire:\u003c/p>\n\u003cblockquote>\u003cp>Ricardo Cedeno, 32, lived in Unit 310 of the building for 12 years. He shared the space with his wife, daughter, sister, mother and stepfather. He stood near the yellow crime scene tape with his 18-year-old daughter, Yessica, checking their phones and gazing at the charred windows of their home.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Little by little, they recalled prized possessions that were likely lost.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“My dress,” Yessica said, speaking of the quinceanera dress she wore three years before.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“My wife’s wedding dress,” her father said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“It’s devastating,” he said. “We pretty much lost everything. We’re just here trying to see the building one last time.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Cedeno said he and his daughter weren’t home when the fire broke out, but his mother and stepfather were there. He said his stepfather had been cooking in the kitchen and stepped out to use the bathroom. When he came back, he saw flames coming out of a wall.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>His stepfather ran out and began knocking on doors, alerting his neighbors, Cedeno said.\u003cbr>\n“Everything happened in the blink of an eye,” he said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Cedeno said the building was mostly home to Latino families, including some loved ones and close friends. It was a close-knit community, he said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Samantha Hauser, a 25-year-old who works in marketing, lives next to the building, which has residential units on the second and third floors, with commercial space on the first and second floors. She got to the area about 15 minutes after the fire started when it was confined to a few units, but watched from the street as it spread through almost the entire floor in less than an hour.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“I was scared when I first got here,” she said. “I saw flames coming out of the windows, and I just lost all my breath.”\u003c/p>\u003c/blockquote>\n\u003cp>https://twitter.com/SFGate/status/560669587746742272\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Wednesday night's fire occurred on the same block as \u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/news/2014/09/04/san-francisco-firefighters-battle-two-alarm-mission-district-blaze\" target=\"_blank\">a five-alarm blaze\u003c/a> that gutted a discount store last September.\u003c/p>\n\n",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>\u003c!-- iframe plugin v.4.3 wordpress.org/plugins/iframe/ -->\u003cbr>\n\u003ciframe frameborder=\"0\" src=\"http://www.crowdalbum.com/ext/widget/album/54c9b679d1e49e2d77000036\" align=\"alignleft\" scrolling=\"no\" allowtransparency=\"true\" style=\"width: 800px; height: 300px;\" width=\"100%\" height=\"500\" class=\"iframe-class\">\u003c/iframe>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Update, 9:45 a.m. Thursday:\u003c/strong> San Francisco fire officials are investigating whether some exits were blocked in a three-story mixed commercial and residential building that burned last night in the Mission District.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Fire Department spokeswoman Lt. Mindy Talmadge \u003ca href=\"http://www.sfgate.com/bayarea/article/Firefighters-dousing-hotspots-at-scene-of-fatal-6048322.php\">told the San Francisco Chronicle\u003c/a> that investigators are looking into numerous reports that fire escapes in the three-story building were locked or blocked. Talmadge added that some residents said they didn't hear fire alarms as the blaze spread.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Fire Chief Joanne Hayes-White said Wednesday evening that firefighters made at least 11 rescues during the blaze, which broke out about 6:50 p.m.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>One person -- still unidentified -- died in the fire and five others were injured, the Fire Department said Thursday. Injuries to building residents included burns and smoke inhalation. One firefighter was treated for dehydration.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Investigators estimated losses at more than $8 million, and city officials said about 20 businesses had been displaced. The building was occupied by businesses on the first floor, offices on the second floor and by third-floor apartments.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Police and fire investigators are looking into the cause of the blaze, but said they believe it broke out on the third floor and did not involve arson or foul play.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Original post (Wednesday night):\u003c/strong> One person was killed and six were injured in a four-alarm fire that swept through a mixed-use building Wednesday evening in the heart of San Francisco's Mission District.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The fire, in a three-story building at the corner of 22nd and Mission streets, broke out about 6:50 p.m. The building, at the northwest corner of the intersection, houses businesses at street level, offices on the second floor, and apartments on the third floor.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>At least 100 firefighters were involved in trying to control the blaze. ABC7 reports that some fire escapes in the building were blocked, and San Francisco Fire Chief Joanne Hayes-White reported that crews made 11 rescues.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The injured were taken to San Francisco General Hospital, reportedly suffering from non-life-threatening injuries, including burns and smoke inhalation.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>As the fire continued to burn, residents evacuated from the building's 12 apartments were taken to the City College of San Francisco facility on Valencia Street. About 40 people were displaced by the blaze.\u003c/p>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\n\u003cp>Here's \u003ca href=\"http://missionlocal.org/2015/01/fire-at-mission-and-22nd-street/\">part of the account\u003c/a> published by news site Mission Local, which has offices in the building:\u003c/p>\n\u003cblockquote>\u003cp>As of 8:50 p.m., there is at least one confirmed death, an adult male, according to fire chief Joanne Hayes White. At least four additional people are being treated at an area hospital for smoke inhalation and burn wounds.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The fire began at 6:50 p.m. closer to the 22nd Street side of the building, but quickly spread and escalated. According to Hayes White the fire ran through the building's attic.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>It was “Terrible,” said one eyewitness. There were people trying to escape. “A boy on the fire escape with a dog and people just standing around recording,” the witness said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“I escorted a bleeding man to firefighters,” she added. “No one thought to help.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Chief Hayes White told media that fire fighters had made at least 11 rescues, several from the fire escapes facing Mission Street, and several more from the building’s internal staircase. Fire fighters “knocked on every door,” said Hayes White.\u003c/p>\u003c/blockquote>\n\u003cp>And from \u003ca href=\"http://www.sfgate.com/bayarea/article/Crews-battle-raging-Mission-District-fire-6047291.php\" target=\"_blank\">the San Francisco Chronicle's account\u003c/a> of the fire:\u003c/p>\n\u003cblockquote>\u003cp>Ricardo Cedeno, 32, lived in Unit 310 of the building for 12 years. He shared the space with his wife, daughter, sister, mother and stepfather. He stood near the yellow crime scene tape with his 18-year-old daughter, Yessica, checking their phones and gazing at the charred windows of their home.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Little by little, they recalled prized possessions that were likely lost.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“My dress,” Yessica said, speaking of the quinceanera dress she wore three years before.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“My wife’s wedding dress,” her father said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“It’s devastating,” he said. “We pretty much lost everything. We’re just here trying to see the building one last time.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Cedeno said he and his daughter weren’t home when the fire broke out, but his mother and stepfather were there. He said his stepfather had been cooking in the kitchen and stepped out to use the bathroom. When he came back, he saw flames coming out of a wall.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>His stepfather ran out and began knocking on doors, alerting his neighbors, Cedeno said.\u003cbr>\n“Everything happened in the blink of an eye,” he said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Cedeno said the building was mostly home to Latino families, including some loved ones and close friends. It was a close-knit community, he said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Samantha Hauser, a 25-year-old who works in marketing, lives next to the building, which has residential units on the second and third floors, with commercial space on the first and second floors. She got to the area about 15 minutes after the fire started when it was confined to a few units, but watched from the street as it spread through almost the entire floor in less than an hour.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“I was scared when I first got here,” she said. “I saw flames coming out of the windows, and I just lost all my breath.”\u003c/p>\u003c/blockquote>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Wednesday night's fire occurred on the same block as \u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/news/2014/09/04/san-francisco-firefighters-battle-two-alarm-mission-district-blaze\" target=\"_blank\">a five-alarm blaze\u003c/a> that gutted a discount store last September.\u003c/p>\n\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>",
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"content": "\u003cp>I work in a public media newsroom that doesn't have unlimited resources. We need to be somewhat selective in what we cover, and we often discuss whether this or that story rises to the level of assigning a reporter to cover it or giving it some air time.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>That guy \u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/news/2015/01/22/san-francisco-police-make-arrest-in-castro-arson-case\" target=\"_blank\">arrested in an arson case\u003c/a> that was worrying a couple San Francisco neighborhoods? Yeah, we'll do that one, as well as the \u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/news/2015/01/26/six-alarm-pacifica-fire-contained\" target=\"_blank\">six-alarm wildland fire\u003c/a> in Pacifica -- emblematic of the continuing drought, maybe -- and Klay Thompson's \u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/news/2014/01/26/Klay-Thompson-Video\" target=\"_blank\">historic 37-point quarter\u003c/a> the other night for the Golden State Warriors.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The latest report of homicides in San Francisco, Oakland and San Jose? No, we're probably not going to report on that unless we have something to add to the mere report of the crime.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2015/01/Screenshot-2015-01-26-08.31.51.png\">\u003cimg class=\"alignleft size-full wp-image-10416386\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2015/01/Screenshot-2015-01-26-08.31.51.png\" alt=\"Screenshot 2015-01-26 08.31.51\" width=\"376\" height=\"412\">\u003c/a>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>One has only to peruse news organs of the past, though, to enter a world in which editors were not so choosy. Their ad departments gave them X number of pages to fill with tidings of world and community affairs, and they'd be damned if they didn't fill them some way. Naturally, every species of mayhem and scandal were treated in detail -- not so different from the TMZs of today -- along with exhaustive reports of weightier world happenings.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But news columns were also filled with all sorts of baffling oddments. Among the news the august New York Times saw fit to print on Sept. 2, 1878, was this item from the heartland:\u003c/p>\n\u003cblockquote>\u003cp>\u003cstrong>HER GOLDEN TRESSES STOLEN.\u003c/strong>\u003cbr>\n\u003cem>The Indianapolis Sentinel of Saturday, says: \u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"Rudolph Miller, a grocery keeper at 172 South Illinois street, has a most beautiful daughter, about 7 years of age. She has, or rather had, a lovely head of hair, of a light golden color, measuring some 30 inches in length. On last Tuesday afternoon,the child, in company with several of her playmates, went to the corner of Illinois and Washington streets to witness the parade of the Knights of Pythias. While there, she felt some one handling her hair, which had been neatly arranged by her mother, but as it was an every-day occurrence for strangers to examine it, she paid no attention to the forwardness of the stranger until she felt the click of a pair of scissors, and turning around, she saw a man disappear in the crowd with her hair, which he had cut off close to the head. The little creature ran home crying, and informed her parents of what had happened.\"\u003c/p>\u003c/blockquote>\n\u003cp>Here's a more local example uncovered while browsing the Dec. 31, 1890, issue of the San Francisco Morning Call:\u003c/p>\n\u003cblockquote>\u003cp>\u003cstrong>AT THE FERRY LANDING.\u003c/strong>\u003cbr>\n\u003cstrong>Two Young Men Have a Bitter Dispute About a Girl.\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Shortly before the 8 o'clock boat left for Oakland last evening a tall young man accompanied by a young lady, procured tickets at the window at the landing. A short stout man then came up and he and the tall young man had some words regarding the young lady, and finally began to scuffle.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Sergeant Helms separated the contestants and the tall man asked for protection saying that the other fellow wanted to take away his girl.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"Aint you big enough to protect yourself,\" asked the Sergeant.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"Yes, I am,\" was the answer, \"and you just go away for a few minutes and I'll do him up.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The Sergeant did not go away, so no further trouble was had on this side, but all three boarded the boat, and it is not unlikely from their actions they would furnish a case for the police across the bay.\u003c/p>\u003c/blockquote>\n\u003cp>I'm just wondering how the affray at the ferry landing came to the attention of the Morning Call's editors. Was it an anecdote overheard at a bar? Did an ambitious copy boy bring this item in after witnessing the near-altercation? Was it a tale told at the police precinct house and passed on as a tidbit to a reporter? Or is it entirely fabricated?\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>I don't believe we'll ever know, but it reminds me of the sort of episodes that millions of us send out in 140-character messages every day.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>For the record, the ferry landing item is followed by this nugget, three sentences dripping with irony and pathos.\u003c/p>\n\u003cblockquote>\u003cp>\u003cb>Blind and Friendless\u003c/b>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>John Miller, a negro, 30 years of age, was recently brought from Victoria, B.C., on the city of Puebla. He had no friends in Victoria, and the charitable people of that city having grown tired of supporting him paid his passage to this city. He is being taken care of by a generous policeman, but neither the Collector of the Port nor the Commissioner of Immigration know what to do with him.\u003c/p>\u003c/blockquote>\n\n",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>I work in a public media newsroom that doesn't have unlimited resources. We need to be somewhat selective in what we cover, and we often discuss whether this or that story rises to the level of assigning a reporter to cover it or giving it some air time.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>That guy \u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/news/2015/01/22/san-francisco-police-make-arrest-in-castro-arson-case\" target=\"_blank\">arrested in an arson case\u003c/a> that was worrying a couple San Francisco neighborhoods? Yeah, we'll do that one, as well as the \u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/news/2015/01/26/six-alarm-pacifica-fire-contained\" target=\"_blank\">six-alarm wildland fire\u003c/a> in Pacifica -- emblematic of the continuing drought, maybe -- and Klay Thompson's \u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/news/2014/01/26/Klay-Thompson-Video\" target=\"_blank\">historic 37-point quarter\u003c/a> the other night for the Golden State Warriors.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The latest report of homicides in San Francisco, Oakland and San Jose? No, we're probably not going to report on that unless we have something to add to the mere report of the crime.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2015/01/Screenshot-2015-01-26-08.31.51.png\">\u003cimg class=\"alignleft size-full wp-image-10416386\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2015/01/Screenshot-2015-01-26-08.31.51.png\" alt=\"Screenshot 2015-01-26 08.31.51\" width=\"376\" height=\"412\">\u003c/a>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>One has only to peruse news organs of the past, though, to enter a world in which editors were not so choosy. Their ad departments gave them X number of pages to fill with tidings of world and community affairs, and they'd be damned if they didn't fill them some way. Naturally, every species of mayhem and scandal were treated in detail -- not so different from the TMZs of today -- along with exhaustive reports of weightier world happenings.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But news columns were also filled with all sorts of baffling oddments. Among the news the august New York Times saw fit to print on Sept. 2, 1878, was this item from the heartland:\u003c/p>\n\u003cblockquote>\u003cp>\u003cstrong>HER GOLDEN TRESSES STOLEN.\u003c/strong>\u003cbr>\n\u003cem>The Indianapolis Sentinel of Saturday, says: \u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"Rudolph Miller, a grocery keeper at 172 South Illinois street, has a most beautiful daughter, about 7 years of age. She has, or rather had, a lovely head of hair, of a light golden color, measuring some 30 inches in length. On last Tuesday afternoon,the child, in company with several of her playmates, went to the corner of Illinois and Washington streets to witness the parade of the Knights of Pythias. While there, she felt some one handling her hair, which had been neatly arranged by her mother, but as it was an every-day occurrence for strangers to examine it, she paid no attention to the forwardness of the stranger until she felt the click of a pair of scissors, and turning around, she saw a man disappear in the crowd with her hair, which he had cut off close to the head. The little creature ran home crying, and informed her parents of what had happened.\"\u003c/p>\u003c/blockquote>\n\u003cp>Here's a more local example uncovered while browsing the Dec. 31, 1890, issue of the San Francisco Morning Call:\u003c/p>\n\u003cblockquote>\u003cp>\u003cstrong>AT THE FERRY LANDING.\u003c/strong>\u003cbr>\n\u003cstrong>Two Young Men Have a Bitter Dispute About a Girl.\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Shortly before the 8 o'clock boat left for Oakland last evening a tall young man accompanied by a young lady, procured tickets at the window at the landing. A short stout man then came up and he and the tall young man had some words regarding the young lady, and finally began to scuffle.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Sergeant Helms separated the contestants and the tall man asked for protection saying that the other fellow wanted to take away his girl.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"Aint you big enough to protect yourself,\" asked the Sergeant.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"Yes, I am,\" was the answer, \"and you just go away for a few minutes and I'll do him up.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The Sergeant did not go away, so no further trouble was had on this side, but all three boarded the boat, and it is not unlikely from their actions they would furnish a case for the police across the bay.\u003c/p>\u003c/blockquote>\n\u003cp>I'm just wondering how the affray at the ferry landing came to the attention of the Morning Call's editors. Was it an anecdote overheard at a bar? Did an ambitious copy boy bring this item in after witnessing the near-altercation? Was it a tale told at the police precinct house and passed on as a tidbit to a reporter? Or is it entirely fabricated?\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>I don't believe we'll ever know, but it reminds me of the sort of episodes that millions of us send out in 140-character messages every day.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>For the record, the ferry landing item is followed by this nugget, three sentences dripping with irony and pathos.\u003c/p>\n\u003cblockquote>\u003cp>\u003cb>Blind and Friendless\u003c/b>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>John Miller, a negro, 30 years of age, was recently brought from Victoria, B.C., on the city of Puebla. He had no friends in Victoria, and the charitable people of that city having grown tired of supporting him paid his passage to this city. He is being taken care of by a generous policeman, but neither the Collector of the Port nor the Commissioner of Immigration know what to do with him.\u003c/p>\u003c/blockquote>\n\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>",
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"tagline": "The flip side of gentrification, told through one town",
"info": "Gentrification is changing cities across America, forcing people from neighborhoods they have long called home. Call them the displaced. Now those priced out of the Bay Area are looking for a better life in an unlikely place. American Suburb follows this migration to one California town along the Delta, 45 miles from San Francisco. But is this once sleepy suburb ready for them?",
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},
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"tagline": "Exploring the Bay Area, one question at a time",
"info": "KQED’s new podcast, Bay Curious, gets to the bottom of the mysteries — both profound and peculiar — that give the Bay Area its unique identity. And we’ll do it with your help! You ask the questions. You decide what Bay Curious investigates. And you join us on the journey to find the answers.",
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},
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"info": "KQED’s statewide radio news program providing daily coverage of issues, trends and public policy decisions.",
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"order": 8
},
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},
"link": "https://www.cityarts.net",
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"order": 1
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"info": "\u003cem>Code Switch\u003c/em>, which listeners will hear in the first part of the hour, has fearless and much-needed conversations about race. Hosted by journalists of color, the show tackles the subject of race head-on, exploring how it impacts every part of society — from politics and pop culture to history, sports and more.\u003cbr />\u003cbr />\u003cem>Life Kit\u003c/em>, which will be in the second part of the hour, guides you through spaces and feelings no one prepares you for — from finances to mental health, from workplace microaggressions to imposter syndrome, from relationships to parenting. The show features experts with real world experience and shares their knowledge. Because everyone needs a little help being human.\u003cbr />\u003cbr />\u003ca href=\"https://www.npr.org/podcasts/510312/codeswitch\">\u003cem>Code Switch\u003c/em> offical site and podcast\u003c/a>\u003cbr />\u003ca href=\"https://www.npr.org/lifekit\">\u003cem>Life Kit\u003c/em> offical site and podcast\u003c/a>\u003cbr />",
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"id": "commonwealth-club",
"title": "Commonwealth Club of California Podcast",
"info": "The Commonwealth Club of California is the nation's oldest and largest public affairs forum. As a non-partisan forum, The Club brings to the public airwaves diverse viewpoints on important topics. The Club's weekly radio broadcast - the oldest in the U.S., dating back to 1924 - is carried across the nation on public radio stations and is now podcasting. Our website archive features audio of our recent programs, as well as selected speeches from our long and distinguished history. This podcast feed is usually updated twice a week and is always un-edited.",
"airtime": "THU 10pm, FRI 1am",
"imageSrc": "https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/04/Commonwealth-Club-Podcast-Tile-360x360-1.jpg",
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"source": "Commonwealth Club of California"
},
"link": "/radio/program/commonwealth-club",
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}
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"tagline": "The conversation starts here",
"info": "KQED’s live call-in program discussing local, state, national and international issues, as well as in-depth interviews.",
"airtime": "MON-FRI 9am-11am, 10pm-11pm",
"imageSrc": "https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/04/Forum-Podcast-Tile-703x703-1.jpg",
"imageAlt": "KQED Forum with Mina Kim and Alexis Madrigal",
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"source": "kqed",
"order": 9
},
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"id": "fresh-air",
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"hidden-brain": {
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"info": "Shankar Vedantam uses science and storytelling to reveal the unconscious patterns that drive human behavior, shape our choices and direct our relationships.",
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"airtime": "SUN 7pm-8pm",
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"source": "NPR"
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"info": "Guy Raz dives into the stories behind some of the world's best known companies. How I Built This weaves a narrative journey about innovators, entrepreneurs and idealists—and the movements they built.",
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"airtime": "SUN 7:30pm-8pm",
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"tagline": "Where conversation and cultura meet",
"info": "What kind of no sabo word is Hyphenación? For us, it’s about living within a hyphenation. Like being a third-gen Mexican-American from the Texas border now living that Bay Area Chicano life. Like Xorje! Each week we bring together a couple of hyphenated Latinos to talk all about personal life choices: family, careers, relationships, belonging … everything is on the table. ",
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"jerrybrown": {
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"title": "The Political Mind of Jerry Brown",
"tagline": "Lessons from a lifetime in politics",
"info": "The Political Mind of Jerry Brown brings listeners the wisdom of the former Governor, Mayor, and presidential candidate. Scott Shafer interviewed Brown for more than 40 hours, covering the former governor's life and half-century in the political game – and Brown has some lessons he'd like to share. ",
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"order": 18
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},
"latino-usa": {
"id": "latino-usa",
"title": "Latino USA",
"airtime": "MON 1am-2am, SUN 6pm-7pm",
"info": "Latino USA, the radio journal of news and culture, is the only national, English-language radio program produced from a Latino perspective.",
"imageSrc": "https://ww2.kqed.org/radio/wp-content/uploads/sites/50/2018/04/latinoUsa.jpg",
"officialWebsiteLink": "http://latinousa.org/",
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},
"link": "/radio/program/latino-usa",
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"rss": "https://feeds.npr.org/510016/podcast.xml"
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},
"marketplace": {
"id": "marketplace",
"title": "Marketplace",
"info": "Our flagship program, helmed by Kai Ryssdal, examines what the day in money delivered, through stories, conversations, newsworthy numbers and more. Updated Monday through Friday at about 3:30 p.m. PT.",
"airtime": "MON-FRI 4pm-4:30pm, MON-WED 6:30pm-7pm",
"imageSrc": "https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/04/Marketplace-Podcast-Tile-360x360-1.jpg",
"officialWebsiteLink": "https://www.marketplace.org/",
"meta": {
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"source": "American Public Media"
},
"link": "/radio/program/marketplace",
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"rss": "https://feeds.publicradio.org/public_feeds/marketplace-pm/rss/rss"
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},
"masters-of-scale": {
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"title": "Masters of Scale",
"info": "Masters of Scale is an original podcast in which LinkedIn co-founder and Greylock Partner Reid Hoffman sets out to describe and prove theories that explain how great entrepreneurs take their companies from zero to a gazillion in ingenious fashion.",
"airtime": "Every other Wednesday June 12 through October 16 at 8pm (repeats Thursdays at 2am)",
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"officialWebsiteLink": "https://mastersofscale.com/",
"meta": {
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"source": "WaitWhat"
},
"link": "/radio/program/masters-of-scale",
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"rss": "https://rss.art19.com/masters-of-scale"
}
},
"mindshift": {
"id": "mindshift",
"title": "MindShift",
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"info": "The MindShift podcast explores the innovations in education that are shaping how kids learn. Hosts Ki Sung and Katrina Schwartz introduce listeners to educators, researchers, parents and students who are developing effective ways to improve how kids learn. We cover topics like how fed-up administrators are developing surprising tactics to deal with classroom disruptions; how listening to podcasts are helping kids develop reading skills; the consequences of overparenting; and why interdisciplinary learning can engage students on all ends of the traditional achievement spectrum. This podcast is part of the MindShift education site, a division of KQED News. KQED is an NPR/PBS member station based in San Francisco. You can also visit the MindShift website for episodes and supplemental blog posts or tweet us \u003ca href=\"https://twitter.com/MindShiftKQED\">@MindShiftKQED\u003c/a> or visit us at \u003ca href=\"/mindshift\">MindShift.KQED.org\u003c/a>",
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