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"content": "\u003cp>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">A proposal that would have punished oil refineries that illegally pollute the air with toxic chemicals is dead, after opposition from the industry led to such a weakening of the bill that its own author pulled her support.\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">The state Senate was poised to vote later this month on a proposal to increase the maximum penalties for California oil refineries that violate air quality laws. If passed by the Legislature and signed by the governor, it would have marked the first major change to the penalty structure specific to the oil refining industry in the state in more than two decades. \u003c/span>[pullquote size=\"medium\" align=\"right\" citation=\"Assemblymember Buffy Wicks (D-Oakland)\"]‘I’m disappointed that changes made to the bill by the Appropriations Committee weakened the maximum penalties for polluters.’[/pullquote]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">But two weeks ago, legislators weakened the bill so much that California’s leading oil industry group dropped its months-long opposition to it. Now, the East Bay Assemblymember behind the push, whose district includes one of California’s largest refineries, has decided to kill the bill and push for another piece of legislation that has similar goals but does not go as far as her original proposal. \u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">The legislation’s changes did not take place during multiple public hearings where lawmakers debated AB 1897 and then overwhelmingly backed the bill four separate times. \u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">Instead, in a hearing behind closed doors earlier this month, state senators apparently bowed to oil industry demands, reducing some of the bill’s proposed fine increases and making the standard for the hikes more stringent. \u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">The changes were made in the Senate Appropriations Committee, a panel charged with weighing the costs of proposed legislation. During their annual suspense file hearing, legislators decide the fate of hundreds of bills away from the public eye — and legislative leaders often use the opaque process to kill or change bills that aren’t just expensive but politically unpalatable. \u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">“I’m disappointed that changes made to the bill by the Appropriations Committee weakened the maximum penalties for polluters,” said Assemblymember Buffy Wicks (D-Oakland), the proposal’s author. \u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">Wicks represents the area of Chevron’s Richmond refinery, which has committed scores of violations against local air regulations over the last decade. On Tuesday she decided to drop AB 1897, prompted by its recent changes.\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">Environmentalists have long criticized fine structures for California’s refineries, complaining that companies that own the state’s petroleum plants end up paying small penalties when they often make significant profits. For example, Chevron says it made $11.6 billion in the second quarter of this year. \u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">When Wicks proposed the bill in February, the legislation would have increased the civil penalty maximum for violations of air quality regulations from $10,000 to $30,000 if that violation resulted in “severe disruption to the community.”\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">The Senate Appropriations Committee cut out that phrase and replaced it with a much higher standard: “a significant increase in hospitalizations, residential displacement, shelter in place, evacuation, or destruction of property.”\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">The initial proposal called for maximum $100,000 fines against refineries with a “subsequent violation” within a one-year period. The appropriations panel cut that down to $50,000.\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">“I was watching, like, everyone else to see what would happen with the bill,” said Alan Abbs, the legislative director for the Bay Area Air Quality Management District, which sponsored Wicks’ proposal. “I didn’t know what the amendments would be until I saw them in print later in the day.”\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">In March, the \u003ca href=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2022/08/WSPA-AB-1897-Wicks-Oppose-Letter-3.14.22.pdf\">Western States Petroleum Association sent a letter to Wicks\u003c/a>, expressing opposition to the bill. The industry group said then that AB 1897 unfairly singled out refineries.\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">That opposition was not enough to deter majorities of the Assembly Natural Resources Committee, the Assembly Judiciary Committee, the Assembly Appropriations Committee, the full Assembly, the Senate Environmental Quality Committee and the Senate Judiciary Committee — all panels that advanced the bill.\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">But after the changes were made in the Senate Appropriations Committee, the petroleum association changed their position last week. \u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">“The change in our position is due to amendments that make the proposed legislation more consistent with the way air quality violations have been assessed in the past,” stated Kevin Slagle, a representative for the industry group, in an email.\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">A representative for Wicks says her office had no control over the amendments and was left in the dark about what prompted them. \u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">“We don’t know who ultimately pushed these changes — the appropriations process is very opaque, and we don’t have visibility into the decisions or control over what gets adopted,” said Erin Ivie, the lawmaker’s communications director.\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">“Some of these changes seem to respond to criticism of the bill made by the oil industry … While we don’t know who exactly, the why seems to be to make the bill less objectionable to the oil industry.”\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">Earlier in the summer, the Newsom administration also quietly expressed opposition to the original version of AB 1897. In June, months before it was changed, state finance officials raised concerns about a part of the proposal that directed penalty revenue to communities affected by violations that led to the fines — instead of to local air districts charged with monitoring emissions. \u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">“(The California Air Resources Board) maintains that the bill would effectively defund the districts due to the districts’ historical reliance on the civil penalties collected, in part, to fund their operations,” the Department of Finance wrote in its fiscal analysis of the bill. \u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">The administration argued that if local air districts couldn’t collect enough penalty money, the state’s air resources board would need to provide more support to such agencies, something finance officials said would create “cost pressures” on state funds. \u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">A staff analysis by the Senate Appropriations Committee made a similar argument in the days before the committee amended the bill and sent it to the Senate floor. \u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">The death of Wicks’ bill marks the third time in the last 10 years that a proposal specifically to increase fines for refineries died in the state Legislature. \u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">In 2013, on the heels of a major fire at Richmond’s Chevron refinery, then-state Sen. Loni Hancock, D-Berkeley, introduced legislation to raise such penalties. The state Senate approved the bill, but it died on the Assembly floor amid opposition from energy companies. \u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">Five years later state Sen. Bill Dodd, D-Napa, proposed tripling some of the most serious penalties for refineries. He said then that he authored that bill, in part, because of a major refinery accident at Valero’s Benicia plant in 2017. That proposal never received its first committee hearing after opposition not only from the oil industry but also from environmentalists and the mayors of Richmond and Benicia, who said it wasn’t strong enough. \u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">On Tuesday, Wicks decided to abandon her bill and join as a co-author on AB 2910, which would increase maximum fines for large industrial facilities that violate air pollution regulations, including refineries, from $10,000 to $30,000. \u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">But, unlike the other bill, it would not increase penalties associated with multiple violations. And while AB 2910 calls for some revenue from those fines to go to local communities affected by authorized industry facility releases, it’s unclear how much. \u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">The Western States Petroleum Association did not add its name to the list of groups opposed to that bill. The state Senate is expected to vote on AB 2910 next week. \u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad floatright]\u003c/p>\n",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">A proposal that would have punished oil refineries that illegally pollute the air with toxic chemicals is dead, after opposition from the industry led to such a weakening of the bill that its own author pulled her support.\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">The state Senate was poised to vote later this month on a proposal to increase the maximum penalties for California oil refineries that violate air quality laws. If passed by the Legislature and signed by the governor, it would have marked the first major change to the penalty structure specific to the oil refining industry in the state in more than two decades. \u003c/span>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">But two weeks ago, legislators weakened the bill so much that California’s leading oil industry group dropped its months-long opposition to it. Now, the East Bay Assemblymember behind the push, whose district includes one of California’s largest refineries, has decided to kill the bill and push for another piece of legislation that has similar goals but does not go as far as her original proposal. \u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">The legislation’s changes did not take place during multiple public hearings where lawmakers debated AB 1897 and then overwhelmingly backed the bill four separate times. \u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">Instead, in a hearing behind closed doors earlier this month, state senators apparently bowed to oil industry demands, reducing some of the bill’s proposed fine increases and making the standard for the hikes more stringent. \u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">The changes were made in the Senate Appropriations Committee, a panel charged with weighing the costs of proposed legislation. During their annual suspense file hearing, legislators decide the fate of hundreds of bills away from the public eye — and legislative leaders often use the opaque process to kill or change bills that aren’t just expensive but politically unpalatable. \u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">“I’m disappointed that changes made to the bill by the Appropriations Committee weakened the maximum penalties for polluters,” said Assemblymember Buffy Wicks (D-Oakland), the proposal’s author. \u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">Wicks represents the area of Chevron’s Richmond refinery, which has committed scores of violations against local air regulations over the last decade. On Tuesday she decided to drop AB 1897, prompted by its recent changes.\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">Environmentalists have long criticized fine structures for California’s refineries, complaining that companies that own the state’s petroleum plants end up paying small penalties when they often make significant profits. For example, Chevron says it made $11.6 billion in the second quarter of this year. \u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">When Wicks proposed the bill in February, the legislation would have increased the civil penalty maximum for violations of air quality regulations from $10,000 to $30,000 if that violation resulted in “severe disruption to the community.”\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">The Senate Appropriations Committee cut out that phrase and replaced it with a much higher standard: “a significant increase in hospitalizations, residential displacement, shelter in place, evacuation, or destruction of property.”\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">The initial proposal called for maximum $100,000 fines against refineries with a “subsequent violation” within a one-year period. The appropriations panel cut that down to $50,000.\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">“I was watching, like, everyone else to see what would happen with the bill,” said Alan Abbs, the legislative director for the Bay Area Air Quality Management District, which sponsored Wicks’ proposal. “I didn’t know what the amendments would be until I saw them in print later in the day.”\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">In March, the \u003ca href=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2022/08/WSPA-AB-1897-Wicks-Oppose-Letter-3.14.22.pdf\">Western States Petroleum Association sent a letter to Wicks\u003c/a>, expressing opposition to the bill. The industry group said then that AB 1897 unfairly singled out refineries.\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">That opposition was not enough to deter majorities of the Assembly Natural Resources Committee, the Assembly Judiciary Committee, the Assembly Appropriations Committee, the full Assembly, the Senate Environmental Quality Committee and the Senate Judiciary Committee — all panels that advanced the bill.\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">But after the changes were made in the Senate Appropriations Committee, the petroleum association changed their position last week. \u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">“The change in our position is due to amendments that make the proposed legislation more consistent with the way air quality violations have been assessed in the past,” stated Kevin Slagle, a representative for the industry group, in an email.\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">A representative for Wicks says her office had no control over the amendments and was left in the dark about what prompted them. \u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">“We don’t know who ultimately pushed these changes — the appropriations process is very opaque, and we don’t have visibility into the decisions or control over what gets adopted,” said Erin Ivie, the lawmaker’s communications director.\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">“Some of these changes seem to respond to criticism of the bill made by the oil industry … While we don’t know who exactly, the why seems to be to make the bill less objectionable to the oil industry.”\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">Earlier in the summer, the Newsom administration also quietly expressed opposition to the original version of AB 1897. In June, months before it was changed, state finance officials raised concerns about a part of the proposal that directed penalty revenue to communities affected by violations that led to the fines — instead of to local air districts charged with monitoring emissions. \u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">“(The California Air Resources Board) maintains that the bill would effectively defund the districts due to the districts’ historical reliance on the civil penalties collected, in part, to fund their operations,” the Department of Finance wrote in its fiscal analysis of the bill. \u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">The administration argued that if local air districts couldn’t collect enough penalty money, the state’s air resources board would need to provide more support to such agencies, something finance officials said would create “cost pressures” on state funds. \u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">A staff analysis by the Senate Appropriations Committee made a similar argument in the days before the committee amended the bill and sent it to the Senate floor. \u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">The death of Wicks’ bill marks the third time in the last 10 years that a proposal specifically to increase fines for refineries died in the state Legislature. \u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">In 2013, on the heels of a major fire at Richmond’s Chevron refinery, then-state Sen. Loni Hancock, D-Berkeley, introduced legislation to raise such penalties. The state Senate approved the bill, but it died on the Assembly floor amid opposition from energy companies. \u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">Five years later state Sen. Bill Dodd, D-Napa, proposed tripling some of the most serious penalties for refineries. He said then that he authored that bill, in part, because of a major refinery accident at Valero’s Benicia plant in 2017. That proposal never received its first committee hearing after opposition not only from the oil industry but also from environmentalists and the mayors of Richmond and Benicia, who said it wasn’t strong enough. \u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">On Tuesday, Wicks decided to abandon her bill and join as a co-author on AB 2910, which would increase maximum fines for large industrial facilities that violate air pollution regulations, including refineries, from $10,000 to $30,000. \u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">But, unlike the other bill, it would not increase penalties associated with multiple violations. And while AB 2910 calls for some revenue from those fines to go to local communities affected by authorized industry facility releases, it’s unclear how much. \u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">The Western States Petroleum Association did not add its name to the list of groups opposed to that bill. The state Senate is expected to vote on AB 2910 next week. \u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"title": "Chevron Refinery Malfunction During Storm Shut Down Processing Units, Causing Fire and Toxic Flaring",
"headTitle": "Chevron Refinery Malfunction During Storm Shut Down Processing Units, Causing Fire and Toxic Flaring | KQED",
"content": "\u003cp>A loss of steam production at Chevron’s Richmond refinery during a major rainstorm on Sunday morning triggered the shutdown of several processing units, leading to a fire at the facility and several days of flaring, the oil giant told regulators this week.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Refinery officials say close to 17 tons of sulfur dioxide were released over two days as the facility sent gases to its flares, a safety technique often used by refineries to ease pressure and stabilize operations.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The accident prompted dozens of complaints from nearby residents, and is now being investigated by the regional air district and county public health officials to determine whether the odor led to the closure of several local schools. The incident, along with another malfunction at the PBF Refinery in nearby Martinez, may also temporarily increase the average cost of gasoline in California, according to Patrick De Haan, the head of petroleum analysis at GasBuddy.[pullquote align=\"right\" size=\"medium\" citation=\"John Gioia, Contra Costa County supervisor\"]‘I am angry and I’m upset and I am sick and tired of the community having to be put through this large number of continual flaring incidents.’[/pullquote]Over the past several years, Chevron’s Richmond facility has conducted the most flaring operations of any Bay Area refinery. The one that started Sunday and continued intermittently into the week lasted longer than usual.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“I am angry and I’m upset and I am sick and tired of the community having to be put through this large number of continual flaring incidents,” Contra Costa County Supervisor John Gioia said in an interview Thursday.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The \u003ca href=\"https://cchealth.org/hazmat/pdf/chevron-incident-2021-1024-72hr-report.pdf\">company’s report to the Contra Costa County Hazardous Materials Program\u003c/a> comes after the department revealed in a \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/news/11894079/chevron-says-it-failed-to-detect-pipeline-corrosion-that-led-to-bay-fuel-spill\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">separate report\u003c/a> that its previous inspections had failed to detect corrosion developing on an underwater pipeline, leading to a large fuel spill in the bay in February.\u003cbr>\n[ad fullwidth]\u003cbr>\nThat disclosure came out a day before Chevron CEO Michael Wirth testified before a U.S. House committee on climate change disinformation.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In its report on this week’s flaring, Chevron emphasized that its testing did not suggest any violation of air quality standards in communities near the refinery. The stationary and mobile air monitors used by county health officials and local air regulators did not detect problems either, according to Gioia, who also sits on the board of the Bay Area Air Quality Management District.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“That doesn’t address the long-term cumulative exposure that communities have with regard to these types of chemical releases,” Gioia said, adding that multiple plumes of gas and smoke erupted from the refinery on Sunday.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The air district, which is in a \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/news/11887837/chevron-pbf-sue-air-district-over-new-bay-area-refinery-pollution-rule\">legal battle with Chevron over new pollution rules\u003c/a>, has issued a notice of violation against the company for public nuisance complaints it received about the flaring, said agency spokesperson Ralph Borrmann. The district received 33 air quality complaints about the incident between Sunday and Tuesday, he said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>County health officials are also looking into whether a gaseous odor that prompted the closure of Richmond High School, Ford Elementary and the Peres K-8 School on Monday was tied to the flaring operation. An odor drifted into Richmond High again on Thursday, prompting the school to briefly evacuate students and staff.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[aside label=\"related coverage\" tag=\"chevron\"]Chevron issued an all clear about its flaring event on Wednesday morning, local officials said, but the refinery reported yet another flaring incident that night. The air district is investigating whether Wednesday night’s releases are tied to the problem that started Sunday.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The refinery also revealed that a fire was ignited in one of its units that lost steam pressure, and that the blaze was quickly put out. Chevron says it’s investigating why it lost steam production.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“While we always hope to avoid it, intermittent flaring is a possibility during any start-up process,” the company said in a statement. “Since Sunday, Chevron and various regulatory agencies have taken numerous air quality measurements which were all under key detection limits and well below health standard limits in our adjacent neighborhoods.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Gioia says the latest flaring incident has prompted him to explore with air district officials stronger flaring regulations for Bay Area refineries.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“It is clear that the existing flare rule, which had been effective for many years, is not effective,” Gioia said, adding that he would push again for state legislation to increase fine amounts for refineries that violate air quality rules, even as \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/news/11660005/facing-widespread-opposition-lawmaker-ends-effort-to-increase-refinery-penalties\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">that effort that has failed in the past\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>A loss of steam production at Chevron’s Richmond refinery during a major rainstorm on Sunday morning triggered the shutdown of several processing units, leading to a fire at the facility and several days of flaring, the oil giant told regulators this week.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Refinery officials say close to 17 tons of sulfur dioxide were released over two days as the facility sent gases to its flares, a safety technique often used by refineries to ease pressure and stabilize operations.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The accident prompted dozens of complaints from nearby residents, and is now being investigated by the regional air district and county public health officials to determine whether the odor led to the closure of several local schools. The incident, along with another malfunction at the PBF Refinery in nearby Martinez, may also temporarily increase the average cost of gasoline in California, according to Patrick De Haan, the head of petroleum analysis at GasBuddy.\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>Over the past several years, Chevron’s Richmond facility has conducted the most flaring operations of any Bay Area refinery. The one that started Sunday and continued intermittently into the week lasted longer than usual.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“I am angry and I’m upset and I am sick and tired of the community having to be put through this large number of continual flaring incidents,” Contra Costa County Supervisor John Gioia said in an interview Thursday.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The \u003ca href=\"https://cchealth.org/hazmat/pdf/chevron-incident-2021-1024-72hr-report.pdf\">company’s report to the Contra Costa County Hazardous Materials Program\u003c/a> comes after the department revealed in a \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/news/11894079/chevron-says-it-failed-to-detect-pipeline-corrosion-that-led-to-bay-fuel-spill\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">separate report\u003c/a> that its previous inspections had failed to detect corrosion developing on an underwater pipeline, leading to a large fuel spill in the bay in February.\u003cbr>\n\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cbr>\nThat disclosure came out a day before Chevron CEO Michael Wirth testified before a U.S. House committee on climate change disinformation.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In its report on this week’s flaring, Chevron emphasized that its testing did not suggest any violation of air quality standards in communities near the refinery. The stationary and mobile air monitors used by county health officials and local air regulators did not detect problems either, according to Gioia, who also sits on the board of the Bay Area Air Quality Management District.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“That doesn’t address the long-term cumulative exposure that communities have with regard to these types of chemical releases,” Gioia said, adding that multiple plumes of gas and smoke erupted from the refinery on Sunday.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The air district, which is in a \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/news/11887837/chevron-pbf-sue-air-district-over-new-bay-area-refinery-pollution-rule\">legal battle with Chevron over new pollution rules\u003c/a>, has issued a notice of violation against the company for public nuisance complaints it received about the flaring, said agency spokesperson Ralph Borrmann. The district received 33 air quality complaints about the incident between Sunday and Tuesday, he said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>County health officials are also looking into whether a gaseous odor that prompted the closure of Richmond High School, Ford Elementary and the Peres K-8 School on Monday was tied to the flaring operation. An odor drifted into Richmond High again on Thursday, prompting the school to briefly evacuate students and staff.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>Chevron issued an all clear about its flaring event on Wednesday morning, local officials said, but the refinery reported yet another flaring incident that night. The air district is investigating whether Wednesday night’s releases are tied to the problem that started Sunday.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The refinery also revealed that a fire was ignited in one of its units that lost steam pressure, and that the blaze was quickly put out. Chevron says it’s investigating why it lost steam production.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“While we always hope to avoid it, intermittent flaring is a possibility during any start-up process,” the company said in a statement. “Since Sunday, Chevron and various regulatory agencies have taken numerous air quality measurements which were all under key detection limits and well below health standard limits in our adjacent neighborhoods.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Gioia says the latest flaring incident has prompted him to explore with air district officials stronger flaring regulations for Bay Area refineries.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“It is clear that the existing flare rule, which had been effective for many years, is not effective,” Gioia said, adding that he would push again for state legislation to increase fine amounts for refineries that violate air quality rules, even as \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/news/11660005/facing-widespread-opposition-lawmaker-ends-effort-to-increase-refinery-penalties\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">that effort that has failed in the past\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>",
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"content": "\u003cp>On June 2, so many people spoke during a Bay Area Air Quality Management District board meeting that the agency had to postpone a vote to regulate air pollution from two Bay Area refineries — one run by Chevron in Richmond, and one run by PBF Energy in Martinez.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The proposal would force Chevron and PBF Energy to install potentially hundreds of millions of dollars’ worth of equipment to clean the particulate matter released every day by their refineries. Now, the air district board meeting has been rescheduled for July 21, in this pivotal decision that affects health, jobs and our climate.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Guest\u003c/strong>: \u003ca href=\"https://twitter.com/TedrickG\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">Ted Goldberg\u003c/a>, KQED senior editor\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>Episode transcript \u003ca href=\"https://bit.ly/3zMUOpb\">here\u003c/a>. Subscribe to our newsletter \u003c/em>\u003ca href=\"https://docs.google.com/forms/d/e/1FAIpQLSfeiQTfCnzwvOkxyTf8kUNPHsaoishgMkbMpQ25W5UpHOn9bw/viewform\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">\u003cem>here\u003c/em>\u003c/a>\u003cem>.\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp id=\"embed-code\" class=\"inconsolata\">\n\u003c!-- iframe plugin v.4.3 wordpress.org/plugins/iframe/ -->\u003cbr>\n\u003ciframe loading=\"lazy\" frameborder=\"0\" height=\"200\" scrolling=\"no\" src=\"https://playlist.megaphone.fm?e=KQINC2757350898\" width=\"100%\" class=\"iframe-class\">\u003c/iframe>\n\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">\u003ci>Follow \u003c/i>\u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/news/tag/the-bay\">\u003ci>The Bay\u003c/i>\u003c/a>\u003ci> to hear more local Bay Area stories like this one. New episodes are released Monday, Wednesday and Friday at 3 a.m. Find The Bay on \u003c/i>\u003ca href=\"https://podcasts.apple.com/us/podcast/the-bay/id1350043452?mt=2\">\u003ci>Apple Podcasts\u003c/i>\u003c/a>\u003ci>, \u003c/i>\u003ca href=\"https://open.spotify.com/show/4BIKBKIujizLHlIlBNaAqQ\">\u003ci>Spotify\u003c/i>\u003c/a>\u003ci>, \u003c/i>\u003ca href=\"https://www.stitcher.com/podcast/kqed/the-bay\">\u003ci>Stitcher\u003c/i>\u003c/a>\u003ci>, NPR One or via \u003c/i>\u003ca href=\"https://www.amazon.com/KQED-The-Bay-Flash-Briefing/dp/B07H6YYV23\">\u003ci>Alexa\u003c/i>\u003c/a>. \u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\n",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>On June 2, so many people spoke during a Bay Area Air Quality Management District board meeting that the agency had to postpone a vote to regulate air pollution from two Bay Area refineries — one run by Chevron in Richmond, and one run by PBF Energy in Martinez.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The proposal would force Chevron and PBF Energy to install potentially hundreds of millions of dollars’ worth of equipment to clean the particulate matter released every day by their refineries. Now, the air district board meeting has been rescheduled for July 21, in this pivotal decision that affects health, jobs and our climate.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Guest\u003c/strong>: \u003ca href=\"https://twitter.com/TedrickG\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">Ted Goldberg\u003c/a>, KQED senior editor\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>Episode transcript \u003ca href=\"https://bit.ly/3zMUOpb\">here\u003c/a>. Subscribe to our newsletter \u003c/em>\u003ca href=\"https://docs.google.com/forms/d/e/1FAIpQLSfeiQTfCnzwvOkxyTf8kUNPHsaoishgMkbMpQ25W5UpHOn9bw/viewform\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">\u003cem>here\u003c/em>\u003c/a>\u003cem>.\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp id=\"embed-code\" class=\"inconsolata\">\n\u003c!-- iframe plugin v.4.3 wordpress.org/plugins/iframe/ -->\u003cbr>\n\u003ciframe loading=\"lazy\" frameborder=\"0\" height=\"200\" scrolling=\"no\" src=\"https://playlist.megaphone.fm?e=KQINC2757350898\" width=\"100%\" class=\"iframe-class\">\u003c/iframe>\n\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2021/06/scrubbers_060221_final.png\">\u003cimg class=\"alignnone size-full wp-image-11876332\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2021/06/scrubbers_060221_final.png\" alt='A Mark Fiore cartoon about Bay Area oil refineries and the Bay Area Air Quality Management District captioned, \"decisions, decisions.\" The cartoon shows a refinery on the left with an \"air pollution scrubber\" and on the right, a community of people of color with asthma, low birth weight, cardiovascular disease and respiratory disease.' width=\"1920\" height=\"1275\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2021/06/scrubbers_060221_final.png 1920w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2021/06/scrubbers_060221_final-800x531.png 800w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2021/06/scrubbers_060221_final-1020x677.png 1020w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2021/06/scrubbers_060221_final-160x106.png 160w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2021/06/scrubbers_060221_final-1536x1020.png 1536w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 1920px) 100vw, 1920px\">\u003c/a>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Bay Area air regulators are set to vote on a proposal that would \u003ca href=\"http://bit.ly/fiorerefineryairpollution\">dramatically reduce the amount of pollution\u003c/a> oil refineries are allowed to spew into the air.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But Chevron and PBF Energy — with refineries in Richmond and Martinez, respectively — have both complained about the cost of installing \"wet gas scrubbers.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Even though the anti-pollution devices would apparently cost hundreds of millions of dollars, corporations complaining about financial pain is a tough sell in light of the health impacts communities surrounding the refineries have been suffering for too long.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2021/06/scrubbers_060221_final.png\">\u003cimg class=\"alignnone size-full wp-image-11876332\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2021/06/scrubbers_060221_final.png\" alt='A Mark Fiore cartoon about Bay Area oil refineries and the Bay Area Air Quality Management District captioned, \"decisions, decisions.\" The cartoon shows a refinery on the left with an \"air pollution scrubber\" and on the right, a community of people of color with asthma, low birth weight, cardiovascular disease and respiratory disease.' width=\"1920\" height=\"1275\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2021/06/scrubbers_060221_final.png 1920w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2021/06/scrubbers_060221_final-800x531.png 800w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2021/06/scrubbers_060221_final-1020x677.png 1020w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2021/06/scrubbers_060221_final-160x106.png 160w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2021/06/scrubbers_060221_final-1536x1020.png 1536w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 1920px) 100vw, 1920px\">\u003c/a>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Bay Area air regulators are set to vote on a proposal that would \u003ca href=\"http://bit.ly/fiorerefineryairpollution\">dramatically reduce the amount of pollution\u003c/a> oil refineries are allowed to spew into the air.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But Chevron and PBF Energy — with refineries in Richmond and Martinez, respectively — have both complained about the cost of installing \"wet gas scrubbers.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Even though the anti-pollution devices would apparently cost hundreds of millions of dollars, corporations complaining about financial pain is a tough sell in light of the health impacts communities surrounding the refineries have been suffering for too long.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"slug": "air-regulators-weigh-plan-aimed-at-dramatically-cutting-bay-area-refinery-pollution",
"title": "Air Regulators Weigh Plan Aimed at Dramatically Cutting Bay Area Refinery Pollution",
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"content": "\u003cp>Bay Area air regulators are considering requiring the oil industry to significantly reduce the amount of pollution local refineries spew into the region’s air.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The board that oversees the Bay Area Air Quality Management District plans to vote Wednesday on a proposal that could force two of California’s largest refineries — Chevron’s Richmond refinery and the PBF Energy refinery in Martinez — to install air pollution devices at a cost of hundreds of millions of dollars.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Supporters of the proposed rule change, including environmentalists and health and air quality experts, say the change is needed to protect the health of residents who live near the refineries, many of whom are low-income people of color in areas with higher rates of respiratory disease.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[pullquote align=\"right\" size=\"medium\" citation=\"Dr. Teresa Muñoz, obstetrician-gynecologist in Richmond\"]‘I am asking the air district to stand with me for our mothers and our babies and to remain true to their mission.’[/pullquote]Advocates argue the board should approve the change, if for no other reason than to honor the agency’s own \u003ca href=\"https://www.baaqmd.gov/about-the-air-district/mission-statement\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">stated mission\u003c/a> of protecting and improving public health and air quality.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“I am asking the air district to stand with me for our mothers and our babies and to remain true to their mission,” said Dr. Teresa Muñoz, an obstetrician-gynecologist in Richmond, at a press conference last Wednesday held a few blocks from the Chevron refinery. “Please keep your word.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Oil industry representatives, led by Chevron and PBF Energy, are urging the agency to reject the plan.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>PBF says if the proposal is approved, it will be forced to shut down its Martinez plant, which it purchased from Shell early last year. Attorneys for Chevron say the data the air district staff used in creating the potential change is flawed.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“In short, this rulemaking has been procedurally defective, technically inaccurate, and the potential benefits of the proposed amendments are overstated,” Michael Carroll, a partner at Latham & Watkins, wrote on behalf of Chevron in an April 30 \u003ca href=\"https://www.baaqmd.gov/~/media/dotgov/files/rules/reg-6-rule-5-particulate-emissions-from-refinery-fluidized-catalytic-cracking-units/2020-amendment/comments/20210430_chevron_0605-pdf.pdf?la=en\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">letter\u003c/a> to the air district.\u003c/p>\n\u003ch3>Cracking Units\u003c/h3>\n\u003cp>At issue are key refinery components called fluidized catalytic cracking units. \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The cracking units use a chemical catalyst to help break down heavy crude oil into lighter components for products like gasoline. During the cracking process, the catalyst is coated with a carbon material called coke, which is then burned off.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The air district says that procedure, part of normal daily operations at many large refineries, emits more \u003ca href=\"https://www.epa.gov/pm-pollution/particulate-matter-pm-basics#PM\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">particulate matter\u003c/a> than any other part of the refining process and makes up a significant portion of each plant’s total emissions.\u003c/p>\n\u003ch3>\u003cstrong>Proposal: Bring on the Scrubbers\u003c/strong>\u003c/h3>\n\u003cp>The proposal before the 24-member air district board would amend \u003ca href=\"https://www.baaqmd.gov/rules-and-compliance/rules/reg-6-rule-5-particulate-emissions-from-refinery-fluidized-catalytic-cracking-units?rule_version=2020%20Amendment#:~:text=Description%3A,precursors%20of%20secondary%20particulate%20matter.,\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">Regulation 6 Rule 5\u003c/a>, limiting the amount of particulate matter, ammonia and sulfur dioxide the cracking units emit. \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The air district says the change could cut annual Chevron and PBF emissions of PM10 particulates by an estimated 400 tons — or 72% — from the recently reported level of 554 tons a year. \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The proposal is not expected to affect Phillips 66 in Rodeo, which does not have a fluid catalytic cracking unit, or Marathon in Martinez, which is currently idled. Both refineries are being converted to produce renewable diesel fuel.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>If approved, the rule would go into effect in five years, requiring Chevron and PBF to buy and install a system called a wet gas scrubber, a unit that Valero’s Benicia refinery already has. The scrubbers capture and remove pollutants by sending exhaust gas through sprays of scrubbing liquid. The district says the scrubbers can significantly reduce the particulate matter released into the air.\u003c/p>\n\u003ch3>\u003cstrong>Dirty Air\u003c/strong>\u003c/h3>\n\u003cp>Particulate matter is essentially what some experts call “dirty air,” which contains things like soot, dust and dirt.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Many Bay Area residents have become more familiar with the air quality concerns associated with particulate matter as a result of massive wildfires in recent years that have fouled the region’s air.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Compelling evidence also indicates that fine particulate matter is the most significant air pollution health hazard in the Bay Area,” \u003ca href=\"https://www.baaqmd.gov/~/media/dotgov/files/rules/reg-6-rule-5-particulate-emissions-from-refinery-fluidized-catalytic-cracking-units/2020-amendment/documents/20210330_sr_0605-pdf.pdf?la=en\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">air district staff wrote\u003c/a> in the agency’s report on the proposal. “Reducing particulate matter emissions can reduce mortality and increase average life span.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[aside label=\"related coverage\" tag=\"oil-refineries\"]Fine inhalable particulate matter with diameters that are generally 2.5 micrometers or smaller — known as PM2.5 — can exacerbate conditions for people who have preexisting heart and lung conditions, including children with asthma. \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Research has linked exposure to particulate matter to cardiovascular disease, changes in cognitive function, low birth weight and preterm births, among other health problems.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Who gets the heaviest exposures to PM2.5? Low-income communities of color,” said John Balmes, a professor of medicine at UCSF, who sits on the California Air Resources Board. “Where do they put refineries? Usually adjacent to low-income communities of color.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The rule change before the board also includes a limit on the total amount of PM10 an oil refinery releases, although most of those emissions are understood to be within the PM2.5 size range, an air district representative said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“The refineries that surround us in the Bay Area are the largest source of industrial air pollution [in the region], which is dangerous to health” said Dr. Amanda Millstein, a pediatrician in Richmond and co-founder of Climate Health Now, a group of California health professionals pushing to transition away from fossil fuels.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“It’s time to protect health over the financial interests of the fossil fuel industry,” she said. “The air district board needs to fulfill its mission to provide a healthy breathing environment to every Bay Area resident and require the best available retrofit technology.\u003c/p>\n\u003ch3>\u003cstrong>Industry Opposition\u003c/strong>\u003c/h3>\n\u003cp>PBF says a wet gas scrubber would cost too much and that its Martinez refinery doesn’t have enough space for such a unit. The New Jersey-based company says the scrubber would require considerable amounts of fresh water, electricity and natural gas.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In fact, according to air district staff, refineries that use wet gas scrubbers use between 120,000 and 430,000 gallons of water a day.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The proposal “will force us to shut down the Martinez refinery,” Paul Davis, PBF’s western region president, wrote in an April 29 letter to the district. He added that the refinery can work to reduce its particulate matter releases but not by as much as air district staff are recommending.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[pullquote align=\"right\" size=\"medium\" citation=\"John Balmes, UCSF professor of medicine and California Air Resources Board member\"]‘Who gets the heaviest exposures to PM2.5? Low-income communities of color. Where do they put refineries? Usually adjacent to low-income communities of color.’[/pullquote]Chevron says it has been steadily reducing its emissions. The San Ramon-based oil giant says its Richmond modernization project, which involved bringing in a new hydrogen plant along with other developments, has brought about a larger reduction in particulate emissions than the district’s proposed change would.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Chevron said in a series of letters to the the agency that the district’s research on the proposal was riddled with errors and had not taken into account recent refinery improvements. It also said the district had underestimated the cost of installing and operating a wet gas scrubber and overestimated the projected emissions reductions.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“While the capital costs will indeed be exorbitant, the public health benefits will be negligible,” Carroll, of Latham & Watkins, \u003ca href=\"https://www.baaqmd.gov/~/media/dotgov/files/rules/reg-6-rule-5-particulate-emissions-from-refinery-fluidized-catalytic-cracking-units/2020-amendment/comments/20210430_chevron_0605-pdf.pdf?la=en\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">wrote\u003c/a> on behalf of Chevron.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]Refinery industry executives and some labor leaders say the rule change could also reduce high-quality blue-collar jobs.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But local environmentalists argue the opposite.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“It’s good for public health and good for the economy,” said Dan Sakaguchi, a researcher for Communities for a Better Environment, a Richmond-based group that has long called for stronger refinery regulations.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“This policy would result in significant economic benefits, including creating thousands of community-supporting jobs, through the installation of new technology to reduce pollution,” he said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The air district \u003ca href=\"https://www.baaqmd.gov/~/media/files/board-of-directors/2021/bod_agenda_060221_rv-pdf.pdf?la=en\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">meeting\u003c/a> will be held on Wednesday at 9:30 a.m. The public can read the agency’s presentation \u003ca href=\"https://www.baaqmd.gov/~/media/files/board-of-directors/2021/bod_presentations_060221_op-pdf.pdf?la=en\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">here\u003c/a> and watch the hearing live \u003ca href=\"https://bayareametro.zoom.us/j/82294699509#success\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">here\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad floatright]\u003c/p>\n",
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"excerpt": "Supporters of the proposed change say the rule would cut particulate emissions from two East Bay refineries by more than 70%.",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>Bay Area air regulators are considering requiring the oil industry to significantly reduce the amount of pollution local refineries spew into the region’s air.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The board that oversees the Bay Area Air Quality Management District plans to vote Wednesday on a proposal that could force two of California’s largest refineries — Chevron’s Richmond refinery and the PBF Energy refinery in Martinez — to install air pollution devices at a cost of hundreds of millions of dollars.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Supporters of the proposed rule change, including environmentalists and health and air quality experts, say the change is needed to protect the health of residents who live near the refineries, many of whom are low-income people of color in areas with higher rates of respiratory disease.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>Advocates argue the board should approve the change, if for no other reason than to honor the agency’s own \u003ca href=\"https://www.baaqmd.gov/about-the-air-district/mission-statement\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">stated mission\u003c/a> of protecting and improving public health and air quality.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“I am asking the air district to stand with me for our mothers and our babies and to remain true to their mission,” said Dr. Teresa Muñoz, an obstetrician-gynecologist in Richmond, at a press conference last Wednesday held a few blocks from the Chevron refinery. “Please keep your word.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Oil industry representatives, led by Chevron and PBF Energy, are urging the agency to reject the plan.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>PBF says if the proposal is approved, it will be forced to shut down its Martinez plant, which it purchased from Shell early last year. Attorneys for Chevron say the data the air district staff used in creating the potential change is flawed.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“In short, this rulemaking has been procedurally defective, technically inaccurate, and the potential benefits of the proposed amendments are overstated,” Michael Carroll, a partner at Latham & Watkins, wrote on behalf of Chevron in an April 30 \u003ca href=\"https://www.baaqmd.gov/~/media/dotgov/files/rules/reg-6-rule-5-particulate-emissions-from-refinery-fluidized-catalytic-cracking-units/2020-amendment/comments/20210430_chevron_0605-pdf.pdf?la=en\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">letter\u003c/a> to the air district.\u003c/p>\n\u003ch3>Cracking Units\u003c/h3>\n\u003cp>At issue are key refinery components called fluidized catalytic cracking units. \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The cracking units use a chemical catalyst to help break down heavy crude oil into lighter components for products like gasoline. During the cracking process, the catalyst is coated with a carbon material called coke, which is then burned off.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The air district says that procedure, part of normal daily operations at many large refineries, emits more \u003ca href=\"https://www.epa.gov/pm-pollution/particulate-matter-pm-basics#PM\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">particulate matter\u003c/a> than any other part of the refining process and makes up a significant portion of each plant’s total emissions.\u003c/p>\n\u003ch3>\u003cstrong>Proposal: Bring on the Scrubbers\u003c/strong>\u003c/h3>\n\u003cp>The proposal before the 24-member air district board would amend \u003ca href=\"https://www.baaqmd.gov/rules-and-compliance/rules/reg-6-rule-5-particulate-emissions-from-refinery-fluidized-catalytic-cracking-units?rule_version=2020%20Amendment#:~:text=Description%3A,precursors%20of%20secondary%20particulate%20matter.,\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">Regulation 6 Rule 5\u003c/a>, limiting the amount of particulate matter, ammonia and sulfur dioxide the cracking units emit. \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The air district says the change could cut annual Chevron and PBF emissions of PM10 particulates by an estimated 400 tons — or 72% — from the recently reported level of 554 tons a year. \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The proposal is not expected to affect Phillips 66 in Rodeo, which does not have a fluid catalytic cracking unit, or Marathon in Martinez, which is currently idled. Both refineries are being converted to produce renewable diesel fuel.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>If approved, the rule would go into effect in five years, requiring Chevron and PBF to buy and install a system called a wet gas scrubber, a unit that Valero’s Benicia refinery already has. The scrubbers capture and remove pollutants by sending exhaust gas through sprays of scrubbing liquid. The district says the scrubbers can significantly reduce the particulate matter released into the air.\u003c/p>\n\u003ch3>\u003cstrong>Dirty Air\u003c/strong>\u003c/h3>\n\u003cp>Particulate matter is essentially what some experts call “dirty air,” which contains things like soot, dust and dirt.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Many Bay Area residents have become more familiar with the air quality concerns associated with particulate matter as a result of massive wildfires in recent years that have fouled the region’s air.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Compelling evidence also indicates that fine particulate matter is the most significant air pollution health hazard in the Bay Area,” \u003ca href=\"https://www.baaqmd.gov/~/media/dotgov/files/rules/reg-6-rule-5-particulate-emissions-from-refinery-fluidized-catalytic-cracking-units/2020-amendment/documents/20210330_sr_0605-pdf.pdf?la=en\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">air district staff wrote\u003c/a> in the agency’s report on the proposal. “Reducing particulate matter emissions can reduce mortality and increase average life span.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>Fine inhalable particulate matter with diameters that are generally 2.5 micrometers or smaller — known as PM2.5 — can exacerbate conditions for people who have preexisting heart and lung conditions, including children with asthma. \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Research has linked exposure to particulate matter to cardiovascular disease, changes in cognitive function, low birth weight and preterm births, among other health problems.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Who gets the heaviest exposures to PM2.5? Low-income communities of color,” said John Balmes, a professor of medicine at UCSF, who sits on the California Air Resources Board. “Where do they put refineries? Usually adjacent to low-income communities of color.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The rule change before the board also includes a limit on the total amount of PM10 an oil refinery releases, although most of those emissions are understood to be within the PM2.5 size range, an air district representative said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“The refineries that surround us in the Bay Area are the largest source of industrial air pollution [in the region], which is dangerous to health” said Dr. Amanda Millstein, a pediatrician in Richmond and co-founder of Climate Health Now, a group of California health professionals pushing to transition away from fossil fuels.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“It’s time to protect health over the financial interests of the fossil fuel industry,” she said. “The air district board needs to fulfill its mission to provide a healthy breathing environment to every Bay Area resident and require the best available retrofit technology.\u003c/p>\n\u003ch3>\u003cstrong>Industry Opposition\u003c/strong>\u003c/h3>\n\u003cp>PBF says a wet gas scrubber would cost too much and that its Martinez refinery doesn’t have enough space for such a unit. The New Jersey-based company says the scrubber would require considerable amounts of fresh water, electricity and natural gas.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In fact, according to air district staff, refineries that use wet gas scrubbers use between 120,000 and 430,000 gallons of water a day.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The proposal “will force us to shut down the Martinez refinery,” Paul Davis, PBF’s western region president, wrote in an April 29 letter to the district. He added that the refinery can work to reduce its particulate matter releases but not by as much as air district staff are recommending.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>Chevron says it has been steadily reducing its emissions. The San Ramon-based oil giant says its Richmond modernization project, which involved bringing in a new hydrogen plant along with other developments, has brought about a larger reduction in particulate emissions than the district’s proposed change would.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Chevron said in a series of letters to the the agency that the district’s research on the proposal was riddled with errors and had not taken into account recent refinery improvements. It also said the district had underestimated the cost of installing and operating a wet gas scrubber and overestimated the projected emissions reductions.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“While the capital costs will indeed be exorbitant, the public health benefits will be negligible,” Carroll, of Latham & Watkins, \u003ca href=\"https://www.baaqmd.gov/~/media/dotgov/files/rules/reg-6-rule-5-particulate-emissions-from-refinery-fluidized-catalytic-cracking-units/2020-amendment/comments/20210430_chevron_0605-pdf.pdf?la=en\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">wrote\u003c/a> on behalf of Chevron.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>Refinery industry executives and some labor leaders say the rule change could also reduce high-quality blue-collar jobs.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But local environmentalists argue the opposite.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“It’s good for public health and good for the economy,” said Dan Sakaguchi, a researcher for Communities for a Better Environment, a Richmond-based group that has long called for stronger refinery regulations.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“This policy would result in significant economic benefits, including creating thousands of community-supporting jobs, through the installation of new technology to reduce pollution,” he said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The air district \u003ca href=\"https://www.baaqmd.gov/~/media/files/board-of-directors/2021/bod_agenda_060221_rv-pdf.pdf?la=en\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">meeting\u003c/a> will be held on Wednesday at 9:30 a.m. The public can read the agency’s presentation \u003ca href=\"https://www.baaqmd.gov/~/media/files/board-of-directors/2021/bod_presentations_060221_op-pdf.pdf?la=en\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">here\u003c/a> and watch the hearing live \u003ca href=\"https://bayareametro.zoom.us/j/82294699509#success\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">here\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cp>Even after California fully reopens, demand for gasoline is expected to be \u003ca href=\"http://bit.ly/fioregasdemand\">much less than before\u003c/a> the coronavirus pandemic.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>During the pre-COVID-19 boom times of 2019, demand for gasoline fell due to a variety of factors including the proliferation of vehicles with higher fuel efficiency.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In the midst of widespread shelter-in-place orders, California fuel consumption hit the lowest daily average since 1968 in April.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Sure, we still have fracking and old-fashioned dirty oil being pumped out of the ground in California – but Gov. Gavin Newsom's order to eventually \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/science/1969807/california-to-halt-sales-of-new-gas-cars-by-2035\">cease sales of new gasoline-powered cars and trucks\u003c/a> along with refineries shutting down or retooling to renewable diesel production gives me hope.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>San Francisco’s corruption scandal grows by the month — enveloping four department heads, a well-known restaurateur and even a revered Chinatown community philanthropist. But how do they all connect? What did each of them do? KQED’s “Pipeline of Corruption” tool is here to help you keep it all in order.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c!-- iframe plugin v.4.3 wordpress.org/plugins/iframe/ -->\u003cbr>\n\u003ciframe src=\"https://flo.uri.sh/visualisation/5304625/embed\" title=\"Interactive or visual content\" frameborder=\"0\" scrolling=\"no\" style=\"width:100%;height:800px;\" sandbox=\"allow-same-origin allow-forms allow-scripts allow-downloads allow-popups allow-popups-to-escape-sandbox allow-top-navigation-by-user-activation\" width=\"100%\" height=\"500\" class=\"iframe-class\">\u003c/iframe>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>TK OUTRO TEXT\u003c/p>\n\u003cp> \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n",
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"disqusTitle": "Smoke From Flaring at Chevron's Richmond Refinery Seen From Across the Bay",
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"content": "\u003cp>Two agencies have launched investigations into a flaring incident at Chevron's Richmond refinery that sent flames from a stack at the facility and produced a massive column of black smoke visible across the central Bay Area.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>A \"unit upset\" took place at the refinery at 11:20 a.m., according to Daniel Vasquez, a specialist at the Contra Costa Hazardous Materials Program. The flaring had stopped by 1 p.m.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>https://twitter.com/MichaelDuca/status/1294357130028257280?s=20\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Chevron told the agency about the incident about 35 minutes after it began, Vasquez said, prompting the department to send crews to the facility to launch an investigation and take air samples near the plant.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The Bay Area Air Quality Management District is also probing the release and has staff on site, according to agency spokesman Ralph Borrmann.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Chevron issued a statement that looks similar to many of the statements it has issued in recent years about its flaring operations, providing no details about what led to the incident and emphasizing that flaring is used as a safety device to relieve pressure.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>https://twitter.com/ChevronRichmond/status/1294355102849830913?s=20\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>While the industry has emphasized the safety aspects of flaring — it serves as a way to relieve dangerously high pressure when refinery units malfunction — environmentalists have long complained that the operations emit toxic substances into nearby communities.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Those concerns were voiced again Friday by Hollin Kretzmann, a senior attorney with the Center for Biological Diversity, which has been strongly critical of refinery operations at Chevron and elsewhere. \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"This massive plume of smoke spewing into the air we breathe should be the last straw for the Newsom administration and local air regulators,\" Kretzmann said in an emailed statement. \"Regulators have allowed this refinery to foul our air again and again and again, and regulatory slaps on the wrist aren’t enough to protect the lungs of nearby residents. It’s time for the governor to end refinery pollution by shutting this dangerous place down and leading a just transition away from dirty fossil fuels.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In fact, Chevron has had \u003ca href=\"https://www.baaqmd.gov/~/media/files/compliance-and-enforcement/flares/graphs/flare-emissions-charts/2019/frequency_of_flaring_2019-pdf.pdf?la=en\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">more flaring incidents\u003c/a> than the region's other four refineries in recent years. In 2019 it had 38 such episodes, more than Valero in Benicia, Phillips 66 in Rodeo and the Marathon and PBF facilities in Martinez combined, according to the air district.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In late 2016 a malfunction at the Richmond refinery \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/news/11463162/air-district-blames-chevrons-richmond-refinery-for-s-f-odor\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">sent a rotten egg odor across the bay\u003c/a> into San Francisco.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In August 2012 a \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/news/11665999/chevron-richmond-move-to-settle-lawsuit-over-2012-refinery-fire-that-sickened-thousands\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">much larger accident\u003c/a> took place at Chevron when a fire sent up a huge plume of smoke over a large swath of the East Bay, sending some 15,000 nearby residents to hospitals, mostly for breathing problems.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Friday's flaring comes amid significant changes in the Bay Area's oil refining industry.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>On Thursday \u003ca href=\"https://www.phillips66.com/newsroom/rodeo-renewed\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">Phillips 66 announced\u003c/a> that it planned to turn its Rodeo refinery into a large renewable fuels plant.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Executives with the \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/news/11831607/shutdown-of-marathons-martinez-refinery-prompts-calls-for-just-transition-for-oil-workers\">Marathon Petroleum\u003c/a> Corp. say they want to turn the company's Martinez refinery, which they are shutting down, into a large renewable fuels facility as well.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n",
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"content": "\u003cp>Elected officials, union leaders, industry representatives and environmentalists are expressing concern about the hundreds of workers set to lose their jobs at California’s fourth-largest refinery in the coming months.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>That’s after Marathon Petroleum announced over the weekend that it plans a permanent halt to processing crude oil at its Martinez plant.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“The decommissioning of the Marathon refinery means the loss of thousands of good paying, California blue collar jobs at a time of great economic uncertainty,” said Robbie Hunter, president of the State Building and Construction Trades Council of California, which represents thousands of people who work at the plant in the course of a year.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Marathon executives told employees at its Contra Costa County and Gallup, New Mexico, refineries on Friday that it plans to cut workers.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“We will indefinitely idle these facilities with no plans to restart normal operations,” the company said on its \u003ca href=\"https://www.marathonpetroleum.com/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">website\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The company had idled both refineries in April after shelter-at-home orders drastically cut demand for gasoline and jet fuel. That meant processing units at the plants stopped making transportation fuels and other refined products. For months the refineries have been maintained in “standby” mode.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The Friday announcement means “most jobs at these refineries will no longer be necessary, and we expect to begin a phased reduction of staffing levels in October” the company said on its website.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Marathon employs 740 staff workers at its Martinez refinery, which has gone through \u003ca href=\"https://cchealth.org/hazmat/facilities/tesoro.php\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">several owners and name changes\u003c/a>. It was formerly known as the Tesoro, Golden Eagle, Tosco Avon and Phillips Avon refinery. Marathon bought the facility in 2018.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In addition to the full-time employees, the refinery relies on between 250 and 2,500 contract workers depending on operational needs, according to Marathon representative Patricia Deutsche.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“There is also the ‘multiplier’ effect. They say for every one refinery job there are eight in the community that support that,” Deutsche said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“This move is a big loss for our workforce and potentially the economy,” said Rep. Mark DeSaulnier, D-Concord, who represents Martinez and has been a longtime advocate for refinery safety.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>DeSaulnier said that before the coronavirus pandemic and the oil industry downturn, he began bringing together labor unions, environmental groups and local governments to prepare for a shift to green energy in Contra Costa County.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“The transition needs to be as successful as possible for everyone and we cannot leave workers behind — they need to be guaranteed meaningful and comparable work,” DeSaulnier said in an emailed statement Sunday.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>A spokesman for a leading trade group that represents the oil industry in California said he feels for the local economy that relies on the refinery, \u003ca href=\"https://www.energy.ca.gov/data-reports/energy-almanac/californias-petroleum-market/californias-oil-refineries\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">which can process about 160,000 barrels of crude per day\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Obviously, this impacts a lot of people, families and the community and we are concerned for them,” said Kevin Slagle, a representative for the Western States Petroleum Association.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The refinery has seen its share of incidents. The worst in the last decade took place in February 2014, when the facility was run by Tesoro. Two workers were burned and 84,000 pounds of sulfuric acid were released. A month later sulfuric acid sprayed and burned two contract workers, leading to an \u003ca href=\"https://www.csb.gov/csb-releases-final-report-on-facility-safety-culture-following-a-series-of-sulfuric-acid-releases-at-the-tesoro-martinez-refinery-in-california/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">investigation\u003c/a> by the U.S Chemical Safety Board that raised concerns about the refinery’s safety culture.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Like the Bay Area’s other four refineries — Valero in Benicia, Chevron in Richmond, PBF Energy in Martinez and Phillips 66 in Rodeo — the facility has had to send gases to its \u003ca href=\"https://www.baaqmd.gov/~/media/files/compliance-and-enforcement/flares/graphs/flare-emissions-charts/2019/frequency_of_flaring_2019-pdf.pdf?la=en\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">flares\u003c/a> scores of times over the years, many times to deal with malfunctions.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Local environmentalists who’ve been critical of the region’s oil industry say it’s time for the refinery, its dangers and pollution to go away, but the change should include a plan for workers.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“This is what an unplanned transition looks like,” said Greg Karras with Community Energy reSource.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>It’s “the tip of the iceberg for why we need a planned, just transition to sustainable energy and a livable climate,” Karras said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Some environmentalists and union advocates have used the term “just transition” to explain a fair way of getting fossil fuel industry workers and their surrounding communities, businesses and local governments to move into a green energy economy.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Hollin Kretzmann, an Oakland attorney with the Center for Biological Diversity, said the air quality benefits of a refinery shutting down are welcome but expressed concern about workers.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Communities near this dangerous refinery can breathe a little easier now that operations have halted, but the state desperately needs a just transition plan that protects workers when oil companies toss their employees to the curb with little warning,” Kretzmann said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Marathon says its Martinez refinery will be converted to an oil storage facility. The company says it’s considering turning the facility into a renewable diesel facility.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“The Marathon refinery’s (potential) conversion into a renewable diesel facility is a forecast of the future as the demand for fossil fuels declines over time, resulting in healthier air and reduced greenhouse gas emissions,” said Contra Costa County Supervisor John Gioia.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“We will see more future refinery closures as a result of continued decreasing consumption of fossil fuels under California’s policies transitioning our transportation system to zero emission,” said Gioia, who sits on the the Bay Area Air Quality Management District board and the California Air Resources Board.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“We need to immediately start addressing a just transition for these workers as more fossil fuel facilities close,” he said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Marathon’s decision to end oil processing at its Martinez plant is the latest piece of evidence showing California’s oil industry suffering under a pandemic that’s led to severe drops in fuel demand.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>San Ramon-based Chevron, one of the world’s largest oil companies, announced \u003ca href=\"https://www.chevron.com/investors/press-releases\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">its worst quarter\u003c/a> in decades on Friday. The company said it lost more than $8 billion during the three months ending June 30.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“All the oil majors have been clobbered by COVID,” said David Hackett, president of Stillwater Associates, a firm that specializes in analyzing the transportation fuels market.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Earlier this month, the California Resources Corporation, one of the state’s largest oil producers,\u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/news/11829255/major-california-oil-producer-falls-victim-to-collapse-in-crude-prices-amid-pandemic\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\"> filed for bankruptcy\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In May, the Newsom administration \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/news/11818575/newsom-kills-proposal-to-add-oil-regulators-even-though-industry-would-have-paid\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">granted a request\u003c/a> by another oil trade group, the California Independent Petroleum Association, to drop a proposal to add dozens of staff members to the agency that oversees oil and gas drilling that would have cost the industry $24 million. State regulators also agreed to \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/news/11817384/with-oil-industry-in-slump-state-offers-a-break-on-some-well-regulations\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">postpone a deadline for oil and gas producers\u003c/a> to pay fees and submit plans to manage thousands of idle oil wells.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In April, PBF Energy, the New Jersey-based company that bought Shell’s refinery in Martinez, \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/news/11810439/coronavirus-prompts-martinez-refinery-to-cut-back-sell-hydrogen-plants\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">sold two hydrogen plants\u003c/a> at the facility for hundreds of millions of dollars — a move aimed at cutting costs and raising revenue to deal with fuel demand drops.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad floatright]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>That same month, more than 1,000 contract electricians, pipefitters and other skilled \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/news/11813844/unions-say-bay-area-refineries-have-dismissed-more-than-1000-contract-workers\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">workers were cut from Bay Area refineries\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\n",
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"title": "Shutdown of Marathon's Martinez Refinery Prompts Calls for 'Just Transition' for Oil Workers | KQED",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>Elected officials, union leaders, industry representatives and environmentalists are expressing concern about the hundreds of workers set to lose their jobs at California’s fourth-largest refinery in the coming months.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>That’s after Marathon Petroleum announced over the weekend that it plans a permanent halt to processing crude oil at its Martinez plant.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“The decommissioning of the Marathon refinery means the loss of thousands of good paying, California blue collar jobs at a time of great economic uncertainty,” said Robbie Hunter, president of the State Building and Construction Trades Council of California, which represents thousands of people who work at the plant in the course of a year.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Marathon executives told employees at its Contra Costa County and Gallup, New Mexico, refineries on Friday that it plans to cut workers.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“We will indefinitely idle these facilities with no plans to restart normal operations,” the company said on its \u003ca href=\"https://www.marathonpetroleum.com/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">website\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The company had idled both refineries in April after shelter-at-home orders drastically cut demand for gasoline and jet fuel. That meant processing units at the plants stopped making transportation fuels and other refined products. For months the refineries have been maintained in “standby” mode.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The Friday announcement means “most jobs at these refineries will no longer be necessary, and we expect to begin a phased reduction of staffing levels in October” the company said on its website.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Marathon employs 740 staff workers at its Martinez refinery, which has gone through \u003ca href=\"https://cchealth.org/hazmat/facilities/tesoro.php\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">several owners and name changes\u003c/a>. It was formerly known as the Tesoro, Golden Eagle, Tosco Avon and Phillips Avon refinery. Marathon bought the facility in 2018.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In addition to the full-time employees, the refinery relies on between 250 and 2,500 contract workers depending on operational needs, according to Marathon representative Patricia Deutsche.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“There is also the ‘multiplier’ effect. They say for every one refinery job there are eight in the community that support that,” Deutsche said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“This move is a big loss for our workforce and potentially the economy,” said Rep. Mark DeSaulnier, D-Concord, who represents Martinez and has been a longtime advocate for refinery safety.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>DeSaulnier said that before the coronavirus pandemic and the oil industry downturn, he began bringing together labor unions, environmental groups and local governments to prepare for a shift to green energy in Contra Costa County.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“The transition needs to be as successful as possible for everyone and we cannot leave workers behind — they need to be guaranteed meaningful and comparable work,” DeSaulnier said in an emailed statement Sunday.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>A spokesman for a leading trade group that represents the oil industry in California said he feels for the local economy that relies on the refinery, \u003ca href=\"https://www.energy.ca.gov/data-reports/energy-almanac/californias-petroleum-market/californias-oil-refineries\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">which can process about 160,000 barrels of crude per day\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Obviously, this impacts a lot of people, families and the community and we are concerned for them,” said Kevin Slagle, a representative for the Western States Petroleum Association.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The refinery has seen its share of incidents. The worst in the last decade took place in February 2014, when the facility was run by Tesoro. Two workers were burned and 84,000 pounds of sulfuric acid were released. A month later sulfuric acid sprayed and burned two contract workers, leading to an \u003ca href=\"https://www.csb.gov/csb-releases-final-report-on-facility-safety-culture-following-a-series-of-sulfuric-acid-releases-at-the-tesoro-martinez-refinery-in-california/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">investigation\u003c/a> by the U.S Chemical Safety Board that raised concerns about the refinery’s safety culture.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Like the Bay Area’s other four refineries — Valero in Benicia, Chevron in Richmond, PBF Energy in Martinez and Phillips 66 in Rodeo — the facility has had to send gases to its \u003ca href=\"https://www.baaqmd.gov/~/media/files/compliance-and-enforcement/flares/graphs/flare-emissions-charts/2019/frequency_of_flaring_2019-pdf.pdf?la=en\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">flares\u003c/a> scores of times over the years, many times to deal with malfunctions.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Local environmentalists who’ve been critical of the region’s oil industry say it’s time for the refinery, its dangers and pollution to go away, but the change should include a plan for workers.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“This is what an unplanned transition looks like,” said Greg Karras with Community Energy reSource.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>It’s “the tip of the iceberg for why we need a planned, just transition to sustainable energy and a livable climate,” Karras said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Some environmentalists and union advocates have used the term “just transition” to explain a fair way of getting fossil fuel industry workers and their surrounding communities, businesses and local governments to move into a green energy economy.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Hollin Kretzmann, an Oakland attorney with the Center for Biological Diversity, said the air quality benefits of a refinery shutting down are welcome but expressed concern about workers.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Communities near this dangerous refinery can breathe a little easier now that operations have halted, but the state desperately needs a just transition plan that protects workers when oil companies toss their employees to the curb with little warning,” Kretzmann said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Marathon says its Martinez refinery will be converted to an oil storage facility. The company says it’s considering turning the facility into a renewable diesel facility.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“The Marathon refinery’s (potential) conversion into a renewable diesel facility is a forecast of the future as the demand for fossil fuels declines over time, resulting in healthier air and reduced greenhouse gas emissions,” said Contra Costa County Supervisor John Gioia.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“We will see more future refinery closures as a result of continued decreasing consumption of fossil fuels under California’s policies transitioning our transportation system to zero emission,” said Gioia, who sits on the the Bay Area Air Quality Management District board and the California Air Resources Board.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“We need to immediately start addressing a just transition for these workers as more fossil fuel facilities close,” he said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Marathon’s decision to end oil processing at its Martinez plant is the latest piece of evidence showing California’s oil industry suffering under a pandemic that’s led to severe drops in fuel demand.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>San Ramon-based Chevron, one of the world’s largest oil companies, announced \u003ca href=\"https://www.chevron.com/investors/press-releases\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">its worst quarter\u003c/a> in decades on Friday. The company said it lost more than $8 billion during the three months ending June 30.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“All the oil majors have been clobbered by COVID,” said David Hackett, president of Stillwater Associates, a firm that specializes in analyzing the transportation fuels market.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Earlier this month, the California Resources Corporation, one of the state’s largest oil producers,\u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/news/11829255/major-california-oil-producer-falls-victim-to-collapse-in-crude-prices-amid-pandemic\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\"> filed for bankruptcy\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In May, the Newsom administration \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/news/11818575/newsom-kills-proposal-to-add-oil-regulators-even-though-industry-would-have-paid\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">granted a request\u003c/a> by another oil trade group, the California Independent Petroleum Association, to drop a proposal to add dozens of staff members to the agency that oversees oil and gas drilling that would have cost the industry $24 million. State regulators also agreed to \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/news/11817384/with-oil-industry-in-slump-state-offers-a-break-on-some-well-regulations\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">postpone a deadline for oil and gas producers\u003c/a> to pay fees and submit plans to manage thousands of idle oil wells.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In April, PBF Energy, the New Jersey-based company that bought Shell’s refinery in Martinez, \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/news/11810439/coronavirus-prompts-martinez-refinery-to-cut-back-sell-hydrogen-plants\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">sold two hydrogen plants\u003c/a> at the facility for hundreds of millions of dollars — a move aimed at cutting costs and raising revenue to deal with fuel demand drops.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>That same month, more than 1,000 contract electricians, pipefitters and other skilled \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/news/11813844/unions-say-bay-area-refineries-have-dismissed-more-than-1000-contract-workers\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">workers were cut from Bay Area refineries\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>",
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"disqusTitle": "Solano County Says Valero Violated State Regulations in March Refinery Shutdown",
"title": "Solano County Says Valero Violated State Regulations in March Refinery Shutdown",
"headTitle": "The California Report | KQED News",
"content": "\u003cp>Solano County inspectors documented a long list of shortcomings and inadequate procedures at Valero's Benicia oil refinery that contributed to a major pollution release from the facility earlier this year, newly released county documents show.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The county's Department of Resource Management documented violations of eight separate state regulations. The infractions included failure to fix important sensors in a refinery furnace unit, infrequent inspections of key equipment, and failure to have an operating plan in place to deal with unexpected refinery conditions.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Solano's probe relied in part on \u003ca href=\"http://solanocounty.com/civicax/filebank/blobdload.aspx?BlobID=30736\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Valero's root cause analysis\u003c/a> of the shutdown, which found that one of the worst refinery incidents in the Bay Area in years was caused by a mistake made months earlier.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Both reports focused on tubes in the refinery's furnace that heat up crude oil before it's routed to other parts of the facility for processing. County and refinery officials say those furnace tubes were damaged during maintenance work last November, which caused the devices to fail and contributed to the plant's malfunctions in March.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The Valero complex ended up belching out a massive amount of black sooty smoke, which led to \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/news/11737076/valeros-pollution-release-exposes-weaknesses-in-benicias-air-monitoring-system\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">health concerns\u003c/a> for people living nearby.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[documentcloud url=\"https://www.documentcloud.org/documents/6382447-Valero-Benicia-Exceedance-Investigation-Report.html\" responsive=true text=false]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[documentcloud url=\"https://www.documentcloud.org/documents/6382464-Solano-County-Valero-Inspection.html\" responsive=true text=false]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The refinery's subsequent closure contributed to a \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/news/11745576/valero-restarts-benicia-refinery-helping-to-slow-statewide-gas-price-hike\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">statewide spike in gasoline prices\u003c/a> and prompted investigations by several government agencies, renewing attention on the refinery two years after a power outage caused a major release of toxic sulfur dioxide in the area.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Valero spokeswoman Lillian Riojas declined to comment directly on the company's violations. Instead, she pointed to the company's May filing with the Securities and Exchange Commission in which it reported \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/news/11746990/valero-says-it-faces-342000-in-penalties-over-benicia-refinery-pollution-incident\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">it's facing more than $342,000 in fines\u003c/a> in connection with the incident. The company told the SEC it expects to face $242,840 in proposed penalties from Solano County and $100,000 from the Bay Area Air Quality Management District.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Valero's root cause analysis, completed in July, examines a series of problems that led to the refinery malfunctions.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Company inspections during the refinery shutdown found that furnace tubes were bulging and leaking. Valero says when the facility was restarting a unit last November, a safety valve improperly \"lifted,\" allowing crude oil to bypass one of the refinery's furnaces.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Valero says \"it was not appreciated at the time\" that allowing the bypass \"exposed the furnace tubes to elevated temperatures.\" Extreme heat gradually deformed the tubes and allowed a solid substance called petroleum coke to form inside. Valero's analysis concedes that the deteriorating conditions were \"not timely identified and mitigated, leading to the tubes' subsequent failure\" and the March refinery malfunctions.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Solano County's investigation reported that carbon monoxide and oxygen sensors in the refinery furnace were not operational for at least three years.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"Proper functioning sensors would have provided an indication that the furnace was malfunctioning to Valero staff, allowing them to act sooner to correct the condition and prevent additional release,\" said Terry Schmidtbauer, the county's assistant director of resource management, in an email.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"The issue with the furnace upset the system,\" Schmidtbauer said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Those system issues became more evident in early March as two other refinery components experienced problems. One was a fluid coker, which heats up and \"cracks\" the thickest components of crude oil processed at the refinery. Another, a flue gas scrubber, removes fine particles before gases are released from the facility's smokestacks.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Malfunctions with those devices led to an increase in carbon monoxide levels, according to Valero, To reduce those levels, refinery crews ended up increasing the temperature on the furnace tubes, thus accelerating their deterioration.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[aside tag=\"valero\" label=\"Related Stories\"]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>There was little liquid in the tubes, which puts them at risk of damage, according to Professor Eric Smith of Tulane University's Energy Institute, who specializes in refinery operations.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"One result is thermal degradation of the metal tube,\" said Smith, who reviewed company and county findings. \"Another effect is that the liquid that does make it through the tube is converted into petroleum coke.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>That dynamic led to the release of sooty smoke and resulted in elevated levels of particulate matter and a health advisory.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>County inspectors discovered several problems with lines that carry petroleum coke. On the day the refinery was shut down, one was leaking. Valero staff told Solano officials in April another line had failed five times in the last three years.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The county's Department of Resource Management has ordered Valero to make a series of changes, some of which it has already completed. They include orders to reduce petroleum coke releases, new procedures for preventing the overheating of furnace tubes and increased training.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Solano County's Schmidtbauer said the department was still assessing what penalties it will levy against the refinery.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Local air regulators issued 12 notices of violation against Valero. Ralph Borrmann, a spokesman for the air district, said the agency's probe is not yet complete.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>An investigation by California's Division of Occupational Safety and Health, Cal/OSHA, is expected to wrap up in the coming weeks, according to agency spokesman Frank Polizzi.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>Solano County inspectors documented a long list of shortcomings and inadequate procedures at Valero's Benicia oil refinery that contributed to a major pollution release from the facility earlier this year, newly released county documents show.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The county's Department of Resource Management documented violations of eight separate state regulations. The infractions included failure to fix important sensors in a refinery furnace unit, infrequent inspections of key equipment, and failure to have an operating plan in place to deal with unexpected refinery conditions.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Solano's probe relied in part on \u003ca href=\"http://solanocounty.com/civicax/filebank/blobdload.aspx?BlobID=30736\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Valero's root cause analysis\u003c/a> of the shutdown, which found that one of the worst refinery incidents in the Bay Area in years was caused by a mistake made months earlier.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Both reports focused on tubes in the refinery's furnace that heat up crude oil before it's routed to other parts of the facility for processing. County and refinery officials say those furnace tubes were damaged during maintenance work last November, which caused the devices to fail and contributed to the plant's malfunctions in March.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The Valero complex ended up belching out a massive amount of black sooty smoke, which led to \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/news/11737076/valeros-pollution-release-exposes-weaknesses-in-benicias-air-monitoring-system\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">health concerns\u003c/a> for people living nearby.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The refinery's subsequent closure contributed to a \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/news/11745576/valero-restarts-benicia-refinery-helping-to-slow-statewide-gas-price-hike\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">statewide spike in gasoline prices\u003c/a> and prompted investigations by several government agencies, renewing attention on the refinery two years after a power outage caused a major release of toxic sulfur dioxide in the area.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Valero spokeswoman Lillian Riojas declined to comment directly on the company's violations. Instead, she pointed to the company's May filing with the Securities and Exchange Commission in which it reported \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/news/11746990/valero-says-it-faces-342000-in-penalties-over-benicia-refinery-pollution-incident\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">it's facing more than $342,000 in fines\u003c/a> in connection with the incident. The company told the SEC it expects to face $242,840 in proposed penalties from Solano County and $100,000 from the Bay Area Air Quality Management District.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Valero's root cause analysis, completed in July, examines a series of problems that led to the refinery malfunctions.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Company inspections during the refinery shutdown found that furnace tubes were bulging and leaking. Valero says when the facility was restarting a unit last November, a safety valve improperly \"lifted,\" allowing crude oil to bypass one of the refinery's furnaces.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Valero says \"it was not appreciated at the time\" that allowing the bypass \"exposed the furnace tubes to elevated temperatures.\" Extreme heat gradually deformed the tubes and allowed a solid substance called petroleum coke to form inside. Valero's analysis concedes that the deteriorating conditions were \"not timely identified and mitigated, leading to the tubes' subsequent failure\" and the March refinery malfunctions.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Solano County's investigation reported that carbon monoxide and oxygen sensors in the refinery furnace were not operational for at least three years.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"Proper functioning sensors would have provided an indication that the furnace was malfunctioning to Valero staff, allowing them to act sooner to correct the condition and prevent additional release,\" said Terry Schmidtbauer, the county's assistant director of resource management, in an email.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"The issue with the furnace upset the system,\" Schmidtbauer said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Those system issues became more evident in early March as two other refinery components experienced problems. One was a fluid coker, which heats up and \"cracks\" the thickest components of crude oil processed at the refinery. Another, a flue gas scrubber, removes fine particles before gases are released from the facility's smokestacks.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Malfunctions with those devices led to an increase in carbon monoxide levels, according to Valero, To reduce those levels, refinery crews ended up increasing the temperature on the furnace tubes, thus accelerating their deterioration.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>There was little liquid in the tubes, which puts them at risk of damage, according to Professor Eric Smith of Tulane University's Energy Institute, who specializes in refinery operations.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"One result is thermal degradation of the metal tube,\" said Smith, who reviewed company and county findings. \"Another effect is that the liquid that does make it through the tube is converted into petroleum coke.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>That dynamic led to the release of sooty smoke and resulted in elevated levels of particulate matter and a health advisory.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>County inspectors discovered several problems with lines that carry petroleum coke. On the day the refinery was shut down, one was leaking. Valero staff told Solano officials in April another line had failed five times in the last three years.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The county's Department of Resource Management has ordered Valero to make a series of changes, some of which it has already completed. They include orders to reduce petroleum coke releases, new procedures for preventing the overheating of furnace tubes and increased training.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Solano County's Schmidtbauer said the department was still assessing what penalties it will levy against the refinery.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Local air regulators issued 12 notices of violation against Valero. Ralph Borrmann, a spokesman for the air district, said the agency's probe is not yet complete.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>An investigation by California's Division of Occupational Safety and Health, Cal/OSHA, is expected to wrap up in the coming weeks, according to agency spokesman Frank Polizzi.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"disqusTitle": "Valero Could Restart Troubled Benicia Refinery by Mid-May",
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"content": "\u003cp>Valero's Benicia refinery, shut down since last month because of equipment malfunctions, could be back online by mid-May, Benicia city officials and state regulators say.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Although the company won't provide a date that it plans to restart the Solano County facility, Benicia Fire Chief Josh Chadwick said Monday he estimates the refinery will be back online in the next three to four weeks.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Chadwick said a Solano County hazardous materials specialist assigned to Valero provided him with the estimated timetable. County officials did make the specialist available for comment.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The California Energy Commission said Monday that the Benicia refinery is one of three California crude oil processing facilities that the agency expects to be restarted over the next several weeks. Shutdowns at the refineries — including two in the Los Angeles area — have helped drive up the cost of gasoline statewide.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Valero powered down its Benicia facility on March 24 after \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/news/11735870/two-parts-of-valeros-benicia-refinery-under-scrutiny-in-probe-of-pollution-releases\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">failing to resolve\u003c/a> malfunctions that led to the release of soot-laden smoke.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The incident prompted Solano County to issue a \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/news/11737076/valeros-pollution-release-exposes-weaknesses-in-benicias-air-monitoring-system\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">health advisory\u003c/a> for people with respiratory issues to stay indoors.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>A Valero representative said the company will not disclose its restart date.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"I know we shared information about the status of the refinery on March 24, but beyond that, it is Valero's policy to not comment on operations or possible outages/restarts at its facilities beyond what is publicly reported,\" said Lillian Riojas, a company spokeswoman.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The California Energy Commission has been in touch with Valero but does not release certain data about its operations due to regulatory restrictions, according to agency spokeswoman Sandy Louey.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But Louey said refinery issues that have played a part in recent gas price increases — including the Valero shutdown — would be coming to an end in the coming weeks.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"The Energy Commission can say that the three large refinery maintenance issues are scheduled to be resolved over a period beginning late April through the middle of May,\" she said in an email.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Besides Valero, the facilities involve two in the Los Angeles suburb of Carson: a Phillips 66 refinery that suffered a fire and a Marathon Oil refinery that's been down for planned maintenance.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The statewide average cost of a gallon of regular has increased 62 cents since Valero's March 24 shutdown, according to \u003ca href=\"https://gasprices.aaa.com/?state=CA\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">AAA\u003c/a>. It now stands at $4.006.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"We've had major refinery issues all spring,\" said AAA Northern California spokesman Michael Blasky. \"I've heard it referred to as a perfect storm in the industry, with a lot of refinery incidents of flaring or shutting down for days or weeks at time.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In fact, Chevron's Richmond refinery experienced its seventh \u003ca href=\"https://w3.calema.ca.gov/operational/malhaz.nsf/f1841a103c102734882563e200760c4a/4f3f06b2dc673589882583db002cb46c?OpenDocument&Highlight=0,chevron\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">flaring incident\u003c/a> of the year on Saturday, according to Contra Costa County's chief environmental and hazardous materials officer, Randy Sawyer. The incident caught the attention of the Oil Price Information Service.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>https://twitter.com/OPIS_WestCoast/status/1117816827608993792\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Monday's price marks the first time the statewide average cost for a gallon of regular has topped $4 in close to five years, Blasky said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>He said that while other factors have played a part in the rise — for instance, an increase in the price of crude oil worldwide — the refinery issues have been a major contributing factor.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"I would hope, as refineries come back to their normal levels of production, that we start to see prices level out and hopefully start to come down by mid-May,\" Blasky said.\u003c/p>\n\n",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>Valero's Benicia refinery, shut down since last month because of equipment malfunctions, could be back online by mid-May, Benicia city officials and state regulators say.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Although the company won't provide a date that it plans to restart the Solano County facility, Benicia Fire Chief Josh Chadwick said Monday he estimates the refinery will be back online in the next three to four weeks.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Chadwick said a Solano County hazardous materials specialist assigned to Valero provided him with the estimated timetable. County officials did make the specialist available for comment.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The California Energy Commission said Monday that the Benicia refinery is one of three California crude oil processing facilities that the agency expects to be restarted over the next several weeks. Shutdowns at the refineries — including two in the Los Angeles area — have helped drive up the cost of gasoline statewide.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Valero powered down its Benicia facility on March 24 after \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/news/11735870/two-parts-of-valeros-benicia-refinery-under-scrutiny-in-probe-of-pollution-releases\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">failing to resolve\u003c/a> malfunctions that led to the release of soot-laden smoke.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The incident prompted Solano County to issue a \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/news/11737076/valeros-pollution-release-exposes-weaknesses-in-benicias-air-monitoring-system\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">health advisory\u003c/a> for people with respiratory issues to stay indoors.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>A Valero representative said the company will not disclose its restart date.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"I know we shared information about the status of the refinery on March 24, but beyond that, it is Valero's policy to not comment on operations or possible outages/restarts at its facilities beyond what is publicly reported,\" said Lillian Riojas, a company spokeswoman.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The California Energy Commission has been in touch with Valero but does not release certain data about its operations due to regulatory restrictions, according to agency spokeswoman Sandy Louey.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But Louey said refinery issues that have played a part in recent gas price increases — including the Valero shutdown — would be coming to an end in the coming weeks.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"The Energy Commission can say that the three large refinery maintenance issues are scheduled to be resolved over a period beginning late April through the middle of May,\" she said in an email.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Besides Valero, the facilities involve two in the Los Angeles suburb of Carson: a Phillips 66 refinery that suffered a fire and a Marathon Oil refinery that's been down for planned maintenance.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The statewide average cost of a gallon of regular has increased 62 cents since Valero's March 24 shutdown, according to \u003ca href=\"https://gasprices.aaa.com/?state=CA\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">AAA\u003c/a>. It now stands at $4.006.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"We've had major refinery issues all spring,\" said AAA Northern California spokesman Michael Blasky. \"I've heard it referred to as a perfect storm in the industry, with a lot of refinery incidents of flaring or shutting down for days or weeks at time.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In fact, Chevron's Richmond refinery experienced its seventh \u003ca href=\"https://w3.calema.ca.gov/operational/malhaz.nsf/f1841a103c102734882563e200760c4a/4f3f06b2dc673589882583db002cb46c?OpenDocument&Highlight=0,chevron\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">flaring incident\u003c/a> of the year on Saturday, according to Contra Costa County's chief environmental and hazardous materials officer, Randy Sawyer. The incident caught the attention of the Oil Price Information Service.\u003c/p>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\n\u003cp>Monday's price marks the first time the statewide average cost for a gallon of regular has topped $4 in close to five years, Blasky said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>He said that while other factors have played a part in the rise — for instance, an increase in the price of crude oil worldwide — the refinery issues have been a major contributing factor.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"I would hope, as refineries come back to their normal levels of production, that we start to see prices level out and hopefully start to come down by mid-May,\" Blasky said.\u003c/p>\n\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>",
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"disqusTitle": "Two Parts of Valero's Benicia Refinery Under Scrutiny in Probe of Pollution Releases",
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"content": "\u003cp>Two key components at the Valero refinery in Benicia experienced problems earlier this month, leading to weeks of releases of petroleum coke dust that intensified on Sunday, culminating in the shutdown of a large portion of the facility.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The new details on the refinery's malfunctions are laid out by Valero in a \u003ca href=\"https://www.ci.benicia.ca.us/vertical/sites/%7BF991A639-AAED-4E1A-9735-86EA195E2C8D%7D/uploads/Press_Release_-_Valero_72_Hour_Report.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">preliminary report\u003c/a> filed with Benicia city officials this week.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The malfunctions are the focus of at least one part of an \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/news/11735237/valeros-benicia-refinery-now-target-of-several-probes-into-pollution-releases\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">investigation\u003c/a> by Solano County inspectors into an incident that led to health concerns for people living near the refinery and to \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/news/11735475/california-gas-prices-expected-to-spike-in-wake-of-shutdown-at-valeros-benicia-refinery\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">a statewide spike\u003c/a> in gasoline prices.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Valero's report says that the recent problems at the refinery began March 11 when a crude oil processing unit called \u003ca href=\"https://www.mckinseyenergyinsights.com/resources/refinery-reference-desk/coker/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">a fluid coker\u003c/a> experienced \"operating difficulty.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Normally, a fluid coker heats up and \"cracks\" the thickest, heaviest components of crude oil processed at a refinery, breaking them down into material that can be used in diesel or other petroleum products. One of the byproducts of the process is solid carbon residue called \u003ca href=\"https://www.mckinseyenergyinsights.com/resources/refinery-reference-desk/pet-coke/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">petroleum coke\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The problems with Valero's fluid coker unit allowed petroleum coke dust, called coke fines, to flow to a second unit called a flue gas scrubber. The scrubber cleans out fine particles before they're released from the refinery's smokestacks into the air. That process is supposed to ensure that the refinery's emissions don't violate air quality standards.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But the coke fines moving through the scrubber unit set the stage for a release of particulate pollution from the refinery -- a release that was clearly visible from outside the facility.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"The presence of coke fines in the FGS resulted in a darker than normal plume appearance,\" Valero's 72-hour report said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Solano County investigators want to know if the scrubber was somehow overwhelmed or damaged, according to Terry Schmidtbauer, the county's director of resource management.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"We know something's not operating properly,\" Schmidtbauer said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>California's Division of Occupational Safety and Health Cal/OSHA and the Bay Area Air Quality Management District are also investigating the refinery.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>After the problem surfaced, the \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/news/11733145/air-district-hits-valero-with-violations-over-benicia-refinery-releases\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">air district issued eight notices of violation\u003c/a> against Valero for public nuisance and visible emissions.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Refinery crews worked to reduce the releases and Valero said the situation showed \"significant improvement\" by last Friday, when the plume coming from the refinery's stacks \"returned to normal appearance,\" Valero's report said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But that changed the next day. The scrubber \"experienced an operational upset resulting in a dark, opaque plume and emissions of particulate matter,\" the report said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>A new surge of petroleum coke dust billowing from the refinery's stacks prompted Benicia officials to issue a \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/news/11735065/problems-at-valeros-benicia-refinery-increase-prompt-health-advisory\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">health advisory\u003c/a>, urging people with respiratory issues to stay indoors.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The refinery began to shut down several units, and the air district wound up issuing four more violation notices.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The powering down of the the facility is contributing to \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/news/11735475/california-gas-prices-expected-to-spike-in-wake-of-shutdown-at-valeros-benicia-refinery\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">an increase in gasoline prices\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>On Friday the average cost of a gallon of unleaded gas in California jumped to $3.59, up 16 cents from a week ago, \u003ca href=\"https://gasprices.aaa.com/?state=CA\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">according to AAA\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Energy analysts and state regulators say the price will continue to rise until operations at Valero return to normal.\u003c/p>\n\n",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>Two key components at the Valero refinery in Benicia experienced problems earlier this month, leading to weeks of releases of petroleum coke dust that intensified on Sunday, culminating in the shutdown of a large portion of the facility.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The new details on the refinery's malfunctions are laid out by Valero in a \u003ca href=\"https://www.ci.benicia.ca.us/vertical/sites/%7BF991A639-AAED-4E1A-9735-86EA195E2C8D%7D/uploads/Press_Release_-_Valero_72_Hour_Report.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">preliminary report\u003c/a> filed with Benicia city officials this week.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The malfunctions are the focus of at least one part of an \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/news/11735237/valeros-benicia-refinery-now-target-of-several-probes-into-pollution-releases\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">investigation\u003c/a> by Solano County inspectors into an incident that led to health concerns for people living near the refinery and to \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/news/11735475/california-gas-prices-expected-to-spike-in-wake-of-shutdown-at-valeros-benicia-refinery\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">a statewide spike\u003c/a> in gasoline prices.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Valero's report says that the recent problems at the refinery began March 11 when a crude oil processing unit called \u003ca href=\"https://www.mckinseyenergyinsights.com/resources/refinery-reference-desk/coker/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">a fluid coker\u003c/a> experienced \"operating difficulty.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Normally, a fluid coker heats up and \"cracks\" the thickest, heaviest components of crude oil processed at a refinery, breaking them down into material that can be used in diesel or other petroleum products. One of the byproducts of the process is solid carbon residue called \u003ca href=\"https://www.mckinseyenergyinsights.com/resources/refinery-reference-desk/pet-coke/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">petroleum coke\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The problems with Valero's fluid coker unit allowed petroleum coke dust, called coke fines, to flow to a second unit called a flue gas scrubber. The scrubber cleans out fine particles before they're released from the refinery's smokestacks into the air. That process is supposed to ensure that the refinery's emissions don't violate air quality standards.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But the coke fines moving through the scrubber unit set the stage for a release of particulate pollution from the refinery -- a release that was clearly visible from outside the facility.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"The presence of coke fines in the FGS resulted in a darker than normal plume appearance,\" Valero's 72-hour report said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Solano County investigators want to know if the scrubber was somehow overwhelmed or damaged, according to Terry Schmidtbauer, the county's director of resource management.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"We know something's not operating properly,\" Schmidtbauer said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>California's Division of Occupational Safety and Health Cal/OSHA and the Bay Area Air Quality Management District are also investigating the refinery.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>After the problem surfaced, the \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/news/11733145/air-district-hits-valero-with-violations-over-benicia-refinery-releases\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">air district issued eight notices of violation\u003c/a> against Valero for public nuisance and visible emissions.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Refinery crews worked to reduce the releases and Valero said the situation showed \"significant improvement\" by last Friday, when the plume coming from the refinery's stacks \"returned to normal appearance,\" Valero's report said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But that changed the next day. The scrubber \"experienced an operational upset resulting in a dark, opaque plume and emissions of particulate matter,\" the report said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>A new surge of petroleum coke dust billowing from the refinery's stacks prompted Benicia officials to issue a \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/news/11735065/problems-at-valeros-benicia-refinery-increase-prompt-health-advisory\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">health advisory\u003c/a>, urging people with respiratory issues to stay indoors.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The refinery began to shut down several units, and the air district wound up issuing four more violation notices.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The powering down of the the facility is contributing to \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/news/11735475/california-gas-prices-expected-to-spike-in-wake-of-shutdown-at-valeros-benicia-refinery\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">an increase in gasoline prices\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>On Friday the average cost of a gallon of unleaded gas in California jumped to $3.59, up 16 cents from a week ago, \u003ca href=\"https://gasprices.aaa.com/?state=CA\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">according to AAA\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Energy analysts and state regulators say the price will continue to rise until operations at Valero return to normal.\u003c/p>\n\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>",
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"disqusTitle": "California Gas Prices Expected to Spike in Wake of Shutdown at Valero's Benicia Refinery",
"title": "California Gas Prices Expected to Spike in Wake of Shutdown at Valero's Benicia Refinery",
"headTitle": "The California Report | KQED News",
"content": "\u003cp>California drivers — or the millions of them whose cars still run on refined petroleum — can expect to pay more to fill up their gas tanks in the coming days thanks to the partial shutdown of Valero's Benicia refinery.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The retail cost of a gallon of gasoline in the state is expected to rise immediately, according to David Hackett, president of Stillwater Associates, a transportation energy consulting company based in Irvine.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[aside postID=news_11735237 label='Valero Refinery Trouble']\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>That's after a 12-cent spike in wholesale gas prices on Monday, Hackett said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"That price increase is likely to get passed through to motorists over the next week or so,\" he said. \"You'll start seeing prices go up starting probably today.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The average cost of a gallon of regular unleaded gasoline in California is $3.51, 16 cents higher than a week ago, \u003ca href=\"https://gasprices.aaa.com/?state=CA\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">according to AAA\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Several agencies \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/news/11735237/valeros-benicia-refinery-now-target-of-several-probes-into-pollution-releases\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">are investigating\u003c/a> a series of petroleum coke dust releases at the Benicia refinery that began more than two weeks ago. Those releases intensified on Sunday, prompting city officials to issue a health advisory.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The Valero refinery's flue gas scrubber malfunctioned, a problem that led to a sooty plume of petroleum coke to billow out of the facility's smokestacks. To deal with the problem, the refinery is slowly shutting down a significant part of its operations.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11735509\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 640px\">\u003cimg src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2019/03/Valero-Refinery-2019-03-24.-morning.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"640\" height=\"480\" class=\"size-full wp-image-11735509\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2019/03/Valero-Refinery-2019-03-24.-morning.jpg 640w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2019/03/Valero-Refinery-2019-03-24.-morning-160x120.jpg 160w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2019/03/Valero-Refinery-2019-03-24.-morning-632x474.jpg 632w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2019/03/Valero-Refinery-2019-03-24.-morning-536x402.jpg 536w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 640px) 100vw, 640px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Valero's Benicia refinery on March 24, 2019. \u003ccite>(Solano County)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Last week, problems at two other California refineries contributed to the recent jump in gas prices.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>AAA says a fire at a crude processing unit at the Phillips 66 refinery in Los Angeles County and a series of flaring incidents at Chevron's Richmond refinery drove prices higher.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>AAA spokesman Michael Blasky said price spikes are the norm when refineries suffer problems that lead to curtailed production.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"When a refinery goes offline and supply drops, retailers incorporate price increases almost immediately in California,\" Blasky said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Wholesale suppliers that sell fuel to gas stations and hear about the Benicia refinery's shutdown will probably go into the so-called spot market to buy gas, sending the price up, Hackett said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The refinery problems come amid a jump in the price of crude oil over the last year, which has sent gas prices up nationally.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n",
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"excerpt": "Prices have already been driven higher by refinery problems in Northern and Southern California. News of Valero's issues triggered an immediate 12-cent increase in wholesale gasoline prices. ",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>California drivers — or the millions of them whose cars still run on refined petroleum — can expect to pay more to fill up their gas tanks in the coming days thanks to the partial shutdown of Valero's Benicia refinery.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The retail cost of a gallon of gasoline in the state is expected to rise immediately, according to David Hackett, president of Stillwater Associates, a transportation energy consulting company based in Irvine.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>That's after a 12-cent spike in wholesale gas prices on Monday, Hackett said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"That price increase is likely to get passed through to motorists over the next week or so,\" he said. \"You'll start seeing prices go up starting probably today.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The average cost of a gallon of regular unleaded gasoline in California is $3.51, 16 cents higher than a week ago, \u003ca href=\"https://gasprices.aaa.com/?state=CA\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">according to AAA\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Several agencies \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/news/11735237/valeros-benicia-refinery-now-target-of-several-probes-into-pollution-releases\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">are investigating\u003c/a> a series of petroleum coke dust releases at the Benicia refinery that began more than two weeks ago. Those releases intensified on Sunday, prompting city officials to issue a health advisory.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The Valero refinery's flue gas scrubber malfunctioned, a problem that led to a sooty plume of petroleum coke to billow out of the facility's smokestacks. To deal with the problem, the refinery is slowly shutting down a significant part of its operations.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11735509\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 640px\">\u003cimg src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2019/03/Valero-Refinery-2019-03-24.-morning.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"640\" height=\"480\" class=\"size-full wp-image-11735509\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2019/03/Valero-Refinery-2019-03-24.-morning.jpg 640w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2019/03/Valero-Refinery-2019-03-24.-morning-160x120.jpg 160w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2019/03/Valero-Refinery-2019-03-24.-morning-632x474.jpg 632w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2019/03/Valero-Refinery-2019-03-24.-morning-536x402.jpg 536w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 640px) 100vw, 640px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Valero's Benicia refinery on March 24, 2019. \u003ccite>(Solano County)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Last week, problems at two other California refineries contributed to the recent jump in gas prices.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>AAA says a fire at a crude processing unit at the Phillips 66 refinery in Los Angeles County and a series of flaring incidents at Chevron's Richmond refinery drove prices higher.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>AAA spokesman Michael Blasky said price spikes are the norm when refineries suffer problems that lead to curtailed production.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"When a refinery goes offline and supply drops, retailers incorporate price increases almost immediately in California,\" Blasky said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"info": "Possible is hosted by entrepreneur Reid Hoffman and writer Aria Finger. Together in Possible, Hoffman and Finger lead enlightening discussions about building a brighter collective future. The show features interviews with visionary guests like Trevor Noah, Sam Altman and Janette Sadik-Khan. Possible paints an optimistic portrait of the world we can create through science, policy, business, art and our shared humanity. It asks: What if everything goes right for once? How can we get there? Each episode also includes a short fiction story generated by advanced AI GPT-4, serving as a thought-provoking springboard to speculate how humanity could leverage technology for good.",
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