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"content": "\u003cp>For a group of mental health professionals in California, watching the Syrian refugee crisis unfold on television was not an option.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“We were very, very concerned that there (was) a lot of need, and little available for professional services -- particularly mental health services,” says psychiatrist Dr. Saad Shakir.\u003c/p>\n\u003caside class=\"pullquote alignright\">Seeing all the devastation going on, I want to have an impact in a positive way. \u003ccite> Dr. Saad Shakir, Alalusi Foundation \u003c/cite>\u003c/aside>\n\u003cp>Shakir yearned to do more, and he zeroed in on Jordan. Amman, the country’s capital, is on the front lines of the Syrian refugee crisis, with nearly 1.5 million refugees now living in the country. Many are suffering deeply, but there aren’t nearly enough mental health professionals to serve them. A study from the \u003ca href=\"http://www.who.int/mental_health/evidence/mh_aims_report_jordan_jan_2011_en.pdf\" target=\"_blank\">World Health Organization\u003c/a> says fewer than 100 psychiatrists live in Jordan.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In the face of overwhelming need came a creative response from the Alalusi Foundation, a Hayward-based nonprofit focusing on refugee relief and humanitarian projects around the world. The foundation developed the Care Program for Refugees -- or CPR -- to train professionals who work with refugees to provide mental health care.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Being a physician, I'm a humanitarian,” says Shakir. “So seeing all the devastation going on, it's like I want to have an impact in a positive way. We decided the best way we can help is by training the individuals here who provide care for refugees.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Earlier this summer, the group traveled to Amman to hold a weeklong training for Middle Eastern professionals who work with refugees.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Shakir and his colleagues prepared intensive trainings on a range of subjects including post-traumatic stress disorder, therapeutic interventions, ethics, and self-care for therapists.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[soundcloud url=\"https://api.soundcloud.com/tracks/276000214\" params=\"color=ff5500&auto_play=false&hide_related=false&show_comments=true&show_user=true&show_reposts=false\" width=\"100%\" height=\"166\" iframe=\"true\" /]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Saadia Hameed is a school psychologist from Sunnyvale who first heard about CPR after a meeting of the Bay Area Muslim Mental Health Professionals. The group was looking for someone with a background working with children, and she jumped at the chance to get involved.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“It’s really important for someone who does want to help to look within themselves to see what skills they have to offer,” says Hameed, while on a break from leading a workshop for 30 people on caring for children who have experienced trauma. The room buzzes with energy, and the discussion alternates between English and Arabic.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The workshop is intended for medical professionals, as well as social workers, volunteers, and educators. One of the attendees, Nisreen Katbi is a displaced refugee herself. Now she runs a residential rehabilitation center in Amman called\u003ca href=\"http://souriyat-across-borders.org/\" target=\"_blank\"> Souriyat Across Borders\u003c/a> that cares for Syrian refugees who were injured in the war.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“We found ourselves, all of a sudden, in the middle of this crisis,\" she says. \"Those people around us need help, they need help very quickly.\" Because of limited resources, people like Katbi sometimes find themselves given large responsibilities. She is grateful for today’s training.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“It’s a critical situation when they came from a war zone,” Katbi says. “So I have to be qualified to deal with them.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The problem is vast. Care Program for Refugees hopes to expand its efforts by holding more trainings and offering webinars to reach other people who work with refugees. And Hameed, the school psychologist, says working with professionals like Katbi has in turn inspired her to dig deeper into treating trauma.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“One thing I feel is very motivated,\" she says. \"I want to learn more about how to support children who’ve not just faced trauma but war trauma, and torture and grief and loss.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Hameed plans to return to Amman for next spring’s training.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>Luisa Conlon and Hanna Miller contributed to this story.\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\n",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>For a group of mental health professionals in California, watching the Syrian refugee crisis unfold on television was not an option.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“We were very, very concerned that there (was) a lot of need, and little available for professional services -- particularly mental health services,” says psychiatrist Dr. Saad Shakir.\u003c/p>\n\u003caside class=\"pullquote alignright\">Seeing all the devastation going on, I want to have an impact in a positive way. \u003ccite> Dr. Saad Shakir, Alalusi Foundation \u003c/cite>\u003c/aside>\n\u003cp>Shakir yearned to do more, and he zeroed in on Jordan. Amman, the country’s capital, is on the front lines of the Syrian refugee crisis, with nearly 1.5 million refugees now living in the country. Many are suffering deeply, but there aren’t nearly enough mental health professionals to serve them. A study from the \u003ca href=\"http://www.who.int/mental_health/evidence/mh_aims_report_jordan_jan_2011_en.pdf\" target=\"_blank\">World Health Organization\u003c/a> says fewer than 100 psychiatrists live in Jordan.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In the face of overwhelming need came a creative response from the Alalusi Foundation, a Hayward-based nonprofit focusing on refugee relief and humanitarian projects around the world. The foundation developed the Care Program for Refugees -- or CPR -- to train professionals who work with refugees to provide mental health care.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Being a physician, I'm a humanitarian,” says Shakir. “So seeing all the devastation going on, it's like I want to have an impact in a positive way. We decided the best way we can help is by training the individuals here who provide care for refugees.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Earlier this summer, the group traveled to Amman to hold a weeklong training for Middle Eastern professionals who work with refugees.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Shakir and his colleagues prepared intensive trainings on a range of subjects including post-traumatic stress disorder, therapeutic interventions, ethics, and self-care for therapists.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003cdiv class='utils-parseShortcode-shortcodes-__shortcodes__shortcodeWrapper'>\n \u003ciframe width='100%' height='166'\n scrolling='no' frameborder='no'\n src='https://w.soundcloud.com/player/?url=https://api.soundcloud.com/tracks/276000214&visual=true&color=ff5500&auto_play=false&hide_related=false&show_comments=true&show_user=true&show_reposts=false'\n title='https://api.soundcloud.com/tracks/276000214'>\n \u003c/iframe>\n \u003c/div>\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Saadia Hameed is a school psychologist from Sunnyvale who first heard about CPR after a meeting of the Bay Area Muslim Mental Health Professionals. The group was looking for someone with a background working with children, and she jumped at the chance to get involved.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“It’s really important for someone who does want to help to look within themselves to see what skills they have to offer,” says Hameed, while on a break from leading a workshop for 30 people on caring for children who have experienced trauma. The room buzzes with energy, and the discussion alternates between English and Arabic.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The workshop is intended for medical professionals, as well as social workers, volunteers, and educators. One of the attendees, Nisreen Katbi is a displaced refugee herself. Now she runs a residential rehabilitation center in Amman called\u003ca href=\"http://souriyat-across-borders.org/\" target=\"_blank\"> Souriyat Across Borders\u003c/a> that cares for Syrian refugees who were injured in the war.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“We found ourselves, all of a sudden, in the middle of this crisis,\" she says. \"Those people around us need help, they need help very quickly.\" Because of limited resources, people like Katbi sometimes find themselves given large responsibilities. She is grateful for today’s training.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“It’s a critical situation when they came from a war zone,” Katbi says. “So I have to be qualified to deal with them.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The problem is vast. Care Program for Refugees hopes to expand its efforts by holding more trainings and offering webinars to reach other people who work with refugees. And Hameed, the school psychologist, says working with professionals like Katbi has in turn inspired her to dig deeper into treating trauma.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“One thing I feel is very motivated,\" she says. \"I want to learn more about how to support children who’ve not just faced trauma but war trauma, and torture and grief and loss.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Hameed plans to return to Amman for next spring’s training.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>Luisa Conlon and Hanna Miller contributed to this story.\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>",
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"content": "\u003cp>New research finds that young transgender children who have “socially transitioned” — living their lives under the gender they identify with — had positive mental health outcomes.\u003c/p>\n\u003caside class=\"pullquote alignright\">‘Crucially important’ research\u003ccite>Dr. Ilana Sherer, UCSF\u003c/cite>\u003c/aside>\n\u003cp>Until now, studies had shown significantly higher rates for depression and anxiety in transgender children. \u003ca href=\"http://williamsinstitute.law.ucla.edu/wp-content/uploads/AFSP-Williams-Suicide-Report-Final.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Nearly half attempt suicide \u003c/a>by age 24.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Researchers at the University of Washington looked at 73 children ages 3-12 living as their identified gender and compared those children against two control groups — their own siblings and another group. They found average scores for depression and only slightly elevated anxiety rates.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“It puts out the possibility that being a transgender child doesn’t have to be associated with negative mental health outcomes in the way that to date the research has suggested,” said \u003ca href=\"https://depts.washington.edu/transyp/people/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Kristina Olson\u003c/a>, Ph.D., lead author of the study and director of the university’s TransYouth Project. She hopes to follow these children for 20 years.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>It is the first analysis of mental health outcomes in a group of socially transitioned transgender children. The study was published in the journal Pediatrics.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Parents who had suspected their children might be transgender and began research on their own would find depressing mental health outcomes, until now.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Those felt like terrifying statistics to hold as a parent,” said one mother (who did not want to be identified by name out of concern for her child’s privacy), 42, of Oakland, one of the families in the study. She and her partner have two children, an older girl and a second child, now 6, born as a boy.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>By age 3 and a half “it became increasingly clear,” she said said, “that there was something going on … that was pulling him into the realm of traditional girliness, and as it continued, it grew in intensity and grew in its consistency.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The intensity of gender identity was true of most kids in the study, “These are kids who are very persistent and insistent about their gender identity,” said Olson, “and those are the only kids that experts working in this area have advised that these social transitions might be useful for.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The mother and her partner began researching on their own and later with experts. While she knew adults who had transitioned, “I had never heard of transgender children. I didn’t know it had the capability of dating back to such early childhood.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Just before his 5th birthday her son asked to be called a girl. The Oakland mother and her partner supported their child’s choice to live as girl. She already had a gender neutral name and began dressing as a girl.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Now having a child who has lived in their identified gender for a year and a half, I have no doubt that we’re making the right decision,” she said, adding that her daughter is well-adjusted at school and is accepted as a girl by her peers.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>None of the children in the study had any medical or surgical treatments. “No one in the country does medical or surgical interventions with kids this young,” said Olson. Estimates of the rate of transgender children range from 0.3 to 0.8 percent of the population.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The group of children Olson is studying, initially 73, has now grown to 153. None has transitioned back. She said her project \u003ca href=\"https://depts.washington.edu/transyp/participate/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">welcomes additional participants\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In an accompanying editorial, Ilana Sherer a pediatrician and assistant medical director of UC San Francisco’s \u003ca href=\"https://www.ucsfbenioffchildrens.org/clinics/child_and_adolescent_gender_center/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Child and Adolescent Gender Center\u003c/a> called the research “crucially important.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cblockquote>\u003cp>“Olson and her colleagues give supporters of social transition evidence of what we have suspected all along: that socially transitioned children are doing fine, or at least as well as their age-matched peers and siblings. This finding is truly stunning in light of the numerous studies that show depression and anxiety … up to 3 times higher for non-socially transitioned children.”\u003c/p>\u003c/blockquote>\n\u003cp>For the children in this study, family support appears to be key. But Olson pointed out that it’s a big decision for a family to take the step of supporting a socially-transitioned child, and not all families today are likely to make this decision.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Probably there are some attributes about the families who have done this that are unique to them,” Olson said. She stressed the need for more research to illuminate whether it’s those “other qualities” or the social transition itself that promotes the positive mental health outcomes seen in this analysis.\u003c/p>\n\n",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>New research finds that young transgender children who have “socially transitioned” — living their lives under the gender they identify with — had positive mental health outcomes.\u003c/p>\n\u003caside class=\"pullquote alignright\">‘Crucially important’ research\u003ccite>Dr. Ilana Sherer, UCSF\u003c/cite>\u003c/aside>\n\u003cp>Until now, studies had shown significantly higher rates for depression and anxiety in transgender children. \u003ca href=\"http://williamsinstitute.law.ucla.edu/wp-content/uploads/AFSP-Williams-Suicide-Report-Final.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Nearly half attempt suicide \u003c/a>by age 24.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Researchers at the University of Washington looked at 73 children ages 3-12 living as their identified gender and compared those children against two control groups — their own siblings and another group. They found average scores for depression and only slightly elevated anxiety rates.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“It puts out the possibility that being a transgender child doesn’t have to be associated with negative mental health outcomes in the way that to date the research has suggested,” said \u003ca href=\"https://depts.washington.edu/transyp/people/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Kristina Olson\u003c/a>, Ph.D., lead author of the study and director of the university’s TransYouth Project. She hopes to follow these children for 20 years.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>It is the first analysis of mental health outcomes in a group of socially transitioned transgender children. The study was published in the journal Pediatrics.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Parents who had suspected their children might be transgender and began research on their own would find depressing mental health outcomes, until now.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Those felt like terrifying statistics to hold as a parent,” said one mother (who did not want to be identified by name out of concern for her child’s privacy), 42, of Oakland, one of the families in the study. She and her partner have two children, an older girl and a second child, now 6, born as a boy.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>By age 3 and a half “it became increasingly clear,” she said said, “that there was something going on … that was pulling him into the realm of traditional girliness, and as it continued, it grew in intensity and grew in its consistency.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The intensity of gender identity was true of most kids in the study, “These are kids who are very persistent and insistent about their gender identity,” said Olson, “and those are the only kids that experts working in this area have advised that these social transitions might be useful for.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The mother and her partner began researching on their own and later with experts. While she knew adults who had transitioned, “I had never heard of transgender children. I didn’t know it had the capability of dating back to such early childhood.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Just before his 5th birthday her son asked to be called a girl. The Oakland mother and her partner supported their child’s choice to live as girl. She already had a gender neutral name and began dressing as a girl.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Now having a child who has lived in their identified gender for a year and a half, I have no doubt that we’re making the right decision,” she said, adding that her daughter is well-adjusted at school and is accepted as a girl by her peers.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>None of the children in the study had any medical or surgical treatments. “No one in the country does medical or surgical interventions with kids this young,” said Olson. Estimates of the rate of transgender children range from 0.3 to 0.8 percent of the population.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The group of children Olson is studying, initially 73, has now grown to 153. None has transitioned back. She said her project \u003ca href=\"https://depts.washington.edu/transyp/participate/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">welcomes additional participants\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In an accompanying editorial, Ilana Sherer a pediatrician and assistant medical director of UC San Francisco’s \u003ca href=\"https://www.ucsfbenioffchildrens.org/clinics/child_and_adolescent_gender_center/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Child and Adolescent Gender Center\u003c/a> called the research “crucially important.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cblockquote>\u003cp>“Olson and her colleagues give supporters of social transition evidence of what we have suspected all along: that socially transitioned children are doing fine, or at least as well as their age-matched peers and siblings. This finding is truly stunning in light of the numerous studies that show depression and anxiety … up to 3 times higher for non-socially transitioned children.”\u003c/p>\u003c/blockquote>\n\u003cp>For the children in this study, family support appears to be key. But Olson pointed out that it’s a big decision for a family to take the step of supporting a socially-transitioned child, and not all families today are likely to make this decision.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Probably there are some attributes about the families who have done this that are unique to them,” Olson said. She stressed the need for more research to illuminate whether it’s those “other qualities” or the social transition itself that promotes the positive mental health outcomes seen in this analysis.\u003c/p>\n\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>",
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"disqusTitle": "Rick Doblin on Making Psychedelics Legal and Mainstream",
"title": "Rick Doblin on Making Psychedelics Legal and Mainstream",
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"content": "\u003cp>From Silicon Valley to Hollywood, Californians lead the world with big ideas. For the latest installment of our \"\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/news/series/big-think\">Big Think\u003c/a>\" series, we meet Rick Doblin. He heads a nonprofit that sponsors research into the use of LSD and MDMA to treat mental illness. His Big Think?\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“There should be thousands of psychedelic psychotherapy clinics all over the world.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In the future, Doblin believes anybody with anxiety, depression, marital problems or a fear of snakes could be treated with a drug trip\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Doblin came of age in the early '70s, right when President Richard Nixon declared America’s war on drugs.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Marijuana! The burning weed with its roots in hell,” says the ominous voiceover in the much-parodied 1930s film, \"Reefer Madness.\" “Smoking the soul-destroying reefer, they find a moment’s pleasure. But at a terrible price: Divorcery! Violence! Murder! Suicide! And the ultimate end of the marijuana addict -- hopeless insanity.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Doblin remembers watching the film as a joke when he was a teenager. But some of the same messages meant to scare young people away from pot in the '30s were recycled in the '70s to create fear around psychedelics.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=sbjHOBJzhb0\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“In high school I remember thinking drugs like LSD were terribly dangerous and that they would make you crazy,” Doblin says. “The education that I got was that if you took LSD more than a few times, you were going to be certifiably insane.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>When Doblin got to college, he tried LSD. A lot of it. And it changed his life. He dropped out of school.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“I was way out of balance, overdeveloped intellectually, underdeveloped emotionally and spiritually,” he says.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[soundcloud url=\"https://api.soundcloud.com/tracks/235407650\" params=\"color=ff5500&auto_play=false&hide_related=false&show_comments=true&show_user=true&show_reposts=false\" width=\"100%\" height=\"166\" iframe=\"true\" /]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>He embarked on a crusade to make psychedelics legal in the U.S., and in the mid-1980s started a nonprofit called the \u003ca href=\"http://www.maps.org/\" target=\"_blank\">Multidisciplinary Association of Psychedelic Studies\u003c/a> (MAPS), now based in Santa Cruz, to further research into the benefits of psychedelics.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“When I started feeling like this was a tool that could bring me into balance, I realized this was a tool that could bring society back into balance,” he says.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Today, his group has permission from the FDA to research new treatments for mental disorders using LSD, a hallucinogenic, and MDMA, commonly known as Ecstacy, or E, which induces feelings of euphoria and empathy. \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Doblin's group is currently studying the use of MDMA to treat post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) among war veterans and social anxiety in autistic adults. It's also studying how LSD can help ease the dying process for the terminally ill.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[contextly_sidebar id=\"SBuKcFfcFUl10eaE3jLxypudVQBRJHE9\"]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The treatment protocol is highly structured and, Doblin believes, replicable.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“It’s a male-female co-therapist team. People are receiving MDMA around 10 in the morning. It goes till 6 at night or so,” he says. “Then people are required to spend the night in the treatment center.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The next day, the patient and therapist talk for hours about the drug trip. They check in every day over the phone for the next month. Doblin says this post-trip therapy is key.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“If you don't do that integrative work, then -- like dreams you don't pay attention to -- they fade away and you don't benefit from really learning and growing from them,” he says.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Doblin says one that day there will be a network of these psychedelic psychotherapy clinics around the world. And LSD and MDMA will be used to treat a range of anxieties and phobias, even a fear of spiders or fear of flying. Eventually, he says people with no formal diagnosis will be able to try them.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=xmXJo8xeb5c\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“I believe that these clinics will eventually expand to treat people that have just an interest in personal growth or spiritual experiences or couples therapies,” he says. “Couples therapy is one of the best uses for MDMA.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Plenty of other cultures use psychedelics to promote personal growth. People in Brazil and Peru use ayuhuasca, a plant-based psychedelic brew, for spiritual quests and healing rituals. Native Americans use peyote in religious ceremonies. Doblin says kids and adolescents are sometimes involved. He remembers going to a Navajo wedding where a 9-year-old boy participated.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“He stayed up all night. They gave him small doses of peyote,” he says. “These are cultures that have successfully integrated psychedelics. They are good examples of what we can do in a Western culture. They don’t have young people going off and abusing peyote and abusing ayuhuasca.”\u003c/p>\n\u003caside class=\"pullquote alignright\">'We need honest drug education, not crude propaganda that kids these days can easily see through.'\u003c/aside>\n\u003cp>That is precisely what critics of Doblin’s work say would happen if he succeeds in opening a network of psychedelic clinics. That would only encourage kids to do drugs and tune out of society, critics say.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But Doblin disagrees. He says the prohibition mentality of today’s anti-drug campaigns doesn’t work. He calls public service announcements implying teenagers will end up in the hospital from half a hit of Ecstasy (MDMA), or decline into utter mental instability after trying LSD, exaggerated and dishonest.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“These are ridiculous attempts at creating fear. They exaggerate the negative and deny the positive,” he says. “We need honest drug education, not crude propaganda that kids these days can easily see through.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>It’s not that Doblin thinks it should be a free-for-all. He says the way kids usually take drugs \u003cem>is\u003c/em> dangerous. Drugs are often impure and people are taking them in unsupportive environments, like dance clubs, surrounded by other people who are high.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“If they think they’re doing it only for fun and only for recreational purposes, and something serious comes up, then they’re unprepared for it,” Doblin says.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Doblin has three kids, ages 20, 19, and 17. Watching them go through extensive driver's education training has inspired another big idea.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“You have to take a course, you have to pass a test. They have to do 10 hours of driving with their parents in the car, all different things,” he says. “So the question is, should there be some similar model like that for young people, for anybody who wants to have legal access to psychedelics.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>He says his clinics will be the ideal place where people can get training in how to take psychedelics responsibly.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“I would feel more comfortable if people had their first psychedelic experience under supervision, and then they could get a license and buy it and do it on their own,” he says.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Under Doblin’s clinical protocol, a three-month course of psychedelic-assisted therapy would include three drug trips and cost about $10,000. He says by the time the therapy gets legalized -- 2021 is the goal -- he believes he will have convinced health insurance companies to pay for it.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Part of the clinical trials is looking not just at the influence of MDMA on PTSD, but we also want to look at health care utilization,” he says. People with PTSD are shown to have more heart attacks and other costly physical health conditions. Doblin believes those costs could be alleviated by effective psychotherapy. And that logic could spill over into off-label uses of the drugs as well.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad floatright]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“A very good economic case can be made that psychedelic-assisted therapy for people looking for personal growth or spiritual experiences, that it’s a part of preventive medicine,” he says. “And insurance companies may start covering that as well.”\u003c/p>\n\n",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>From Silicon Valley to Hollywood, Californians lead the world with big ideas. For the latest installment of our \"\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/news/series/big-think\">Big Think\u003c/a>\" series, we meet Rick Doblin. He heads a nonprofit that sponsors research into the use of LSD and MDMA to treat mental illness. His Big Think?\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“There should be thousands of psychedelic psychotherapy clinics all over the world.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In the future, Doblin believes anybody with anxiety, depression, marital problems or a fear of snakes could be treated with a drug trip\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Doblin came of age in the early '70s, right when President Richard Nixon declared America’s war on drugs.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Marijuana! The burning weed with its roots in hell,” says the ominous voiceover in the much-parodied 1930s film, \"Reefer Madness.\" “Smoking the soul-destroying reefer, they find a moment’s pleasure. But at a terrible price: Divorcery! Violence! Murder! Suicide! And the ultimate end of the marijuana addict -- hopeless insanity.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Doblin remembers watching the film as a joke when he was a teenager. But some of the same messages meant to scare young people away from pot in the '30s were recycled in the '70s to create fear around psychedelics.\u003c/p>\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003cspan class='utils-parseShortcode-shortcodes-__youtubeShortcode__embedYoutube'>\n \u003cspan class='utils-parseShortcode-shortcodes-__youtubeShortcode__embedYoutubeInside'>\n \u003ciframe\n loading='lazy'\n class='utils-parseShortcode-shortcodes-__youtubeShortcode__youtubePlayer'\n type='text/html'\n src='//www.youtube.com/embed/sbjHOBJzhb0'\n title='//www.youtube.com/embed/sbjHOBJzhb0'\n allowfullscreen='true'\n style='border:0;'>\u003c/iframe>\n \u003c/span>\n \u003c/span>\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003cp>“In high school I remember thinking drugs like LSD were terribly dangerous and that they would make you crazy,” Doblin says. “The education that I got was that if you took LSD more than a few times, you were going to be certifiably insane.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>When Doblin got to college, he tried LSD. A lot of it. And it changed his life. He dropped out of school.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“I was way out of balance, overdeveloped intellectually, underdeveloped emotionally and spiritually,” he says.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003cdiv class='utils-parseShortcode-shortcodes-__shortcodes__shortcodeWrapper'>\n \u003ciframe width='100%' height='166'\n scrolling='no' frameborder='no'\n src='https://w.soundcloud.com/player/?url=https://api.soundcloud.com/tracks/235407650&visual=true&color=ff5500&auto_play=false&hide_related=false&show_comments=true&show_user=true&show_reposts=false'\n title='https://api.soundcloud.com/tracks/235407650'>\n \u003c/iframe>\n \u003c/div>\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>He embarked on a crusade to make psychedelics legal in the U.S., and in the mid-1980s started a nonprofit called the \u003ca href=\"http://www.maps.org/\" target=\"_blank\">Multidisciplinary Association of Psychedelic Studies\u003c/a> (MAPS), now based in Santa Cruz, to further research into the benefits of psychedelics.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“When I started feeling like this was a tool that could bring me into balance, I realized this was a tool that could bring society back into balance,” he says.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Today, his group has permission from the FDA to research new treatments for mental disorders using LSD, a hallucinogenic, and MDMA, commonly known as Ecstacy, or E, which induces feelings of euphoria and empathy. \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Doblin's group is currently studying the use of MDMA to treat post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) among war veterans and social anxiety in autistic adults. It's also studying how LSD can help ease the dying process for the terminally ill.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The treatment protocol is highly structured and, Doblin believes, replicable.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“It’s a male-female co-therapist team. People are receiving MDMA around 10 in the morning. It goes till 6 at night or so,” he says. “Then people are required to spend the night in the treatment center.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The next day, the patient and therapist talk for hours about the drug trip. They check in every day over the phone for the next month. Doblin says this post-trip therapy is key.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“If you don't do that integrative work, then -- like dreams you don't pay attention to -- they fade away and you don't benefit from really learning and growing from them,” he says.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Doblin says one that day there will be a network of these psychedelic psychotherapy clinics around the world. And LSD and MDMA will be used to treat a range of anxieties and phobias, even a fear of spiders or fear of flying. Eventually, he says people with no formal diagnosis will be able to try them.\u003c/p>\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003cspan class='utils-parseShortcode-shortcodes-__youtubeShortcode__embedYoutube'>\n \u003cspan class='utils-parseShortcode-shortcodes-__youtubeShortcode__embedYoutubeInside'>\n \u003ciframe\n loading='lazy'\n class='utils-parseShortcode-shortcodes-__youtubeShortcode__youtubePlayer'\n type='text/html'\n src='//www.youtube.com/embed/xmXJo8xeb5c'\n title='//www.youtube.com/embed/xmXJo8xeb5c'\n allowfullscreen='true'\n style='border:0;'>\u003c/iframe>\n \u003c/span>\n \u003c/span>\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003cp>“I believe that these clinics will eventually expand to treat people that have just an interest in personal growth or spiritual experiences or couples therapies,” he says. “Couples therapy is one of the best uses for MDMA.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Plenty of other cultures use psychedelics to promote personal growth. People in Brazil and Peru use ayuhuasca, a plant-based psychedelic brew, for spiritual quests and healing rituals. Native Americans use peyote in religious ceremonies. Doblin says kids and adolescents are sometimes involved. He remembers going to a Navajo wedding where a 9-year-old boy participated.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“He stayed up all night. They gave him small doses of peyote,” he says. “These are cultures that have successfully integrated psychedelics. They are good examples of what we can do in a Western culture. They don’t have young people going off and abusing peyote and abusing ayuhuasca.”\u003c/p>\n\u003caside class=\"pullquote alignright\">'We need honest drug education, not crude propaganda that kids these days can easily see through.'\u003c/aside>\n\u003cp>That is precisely what critics of Doblin’s work say would happen if he succeeds in opening a network of psychedelic clinics. That would only encourage kids to do drugs and tune out of society, critics say.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But Doblin disagrees. He says the prohibition mentality of today’s anti-drug campaigns doesn’t work. He calls public service announcements implying teenagers will end up in the hospital from half a hit of Ecstasy (MDMA), or decline into utter mental instability after trying LSD, exaggerated and dishonest.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“These are ridiculous attempts at creating fear. They exaggerate the negative and deny the positive,” he says. “We need honest drug education, not crude propaganda that kids these days can easily see through.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>It’s not that Doblin thinks it should be a free-for-all. He says the way kids usually take drugs \u003cem>is\u003c/em> dangerous. Drugs are often impure and people are taking them in unsupportive environments, like dance clubs, surrounded by other people who are high.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“If they think they’re doing it only for fun and only for recreational purposes, and something serious comes up, then they’re unprepared for it,” Doblin says.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Doblin has three kids, ages 20, 19, and 17. Watching them go through extensive driver's education training has inspired another big idea.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“You have to take a course, you have to pass a test. They have to do 10 hours of driving with their parents in the car, all different things,” he says. “So the question is, should there be some similar model like that for young people, for anybody who wants to have legal access to psychedelics.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>He says his clinics will be the ideal place where people can get training in how to take psychedelics responsibly.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“I would feel more comfortable if people had their first psychedelic experience under supervision, and then they could get a license and buy it and do it on their own,” he says.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Under Doblin’s clinical protocol, a three-month course of psychedelic-assisted therapy would include three drug trips and cost about $10,000. He says by the time the therapy gets legalized -- 2021 is the goal -- he believes he will have convinced health insurance companies to pay for it.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Part of the clinical trials is looking not just at the influence of MDMA on PTSD, but we also want to look at health care utilization,” he says. People with PTSD are shown to have more heart attacks and other costly physical health conditions. Doblin believes those costs could be alleviated by effective psychotherapy. And that logic could spill over into off-label uses of the drugs as well.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"disqusTitle": "Nevada to Pay San Francisco $400,000 Over Psychiatric 'Patient Dumping'",
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"content": "\u003cp>San Francisco supervisors accepted a $400,000 payment from Nevada on Tuesday, settling a two-year dispute over allegations that psychiatric patients were wrongly shipped to California upon discharge.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The settlement approved by the board also requires Nevada to provide transport back to California only for patients who are returning to a home address or a treatment facility in the state. San Francisco's city attorney released details of the confidential settlement shortly after the vote.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The city sued Nevada in September 2013 after the \u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/news/2013/04/24/the-hunt-is-on-for-1500-psychiatric-patients-a-nev/\" target=\"_blank\">Sacramento Bee published accounts\u003c/a> of patients who were discharged from the state-run Rawson-Neal Psychiatric Hospital in Las Vegas, and given bus tickets to California cities for further care.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>San Francisco City Attorney Dennis Herrera said two dozen people with no prior connection to the city had been bused here over a five-year period, and 20 needed medical care shortly after they arrived. In many cases, they were sent to California without sufficient food, water or medication.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[contextly_sidebar id=\"c4div4KcG23twFpQnVFMXW6xiCx9QbF2\"]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>He said at the time that the practice \"punishes jurisdictions for providing health and human services that others won't provide.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In a statement Tuesday, Herrera said he was pleased his office had reached an agreement with Nevada.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The Nevada Board of Examiners approved the settlement earlier this month.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In the months immediately after the newspaper's investigation, Nevada health officials said they improved policies to better care for discharged patients at their destination. Several employees were fired.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The agreement requires a second board vote, which is expected, as well as court approval.\u003c/p>\n\n",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>San Francisco supervisors accepted a $400,000 payment from Nevada on Tuesday, settling a two-year dispute over allegations that psychiatric patients were wrongly shipped to California upon discharge.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The settlement approved by the board also requires Nevada to provide transport back to California only for patients who are returning to a home address or a treatment facility in the state. San Francisco's city attorney released details of the confidential settlement shortly after the vote.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The city sued Nevada in September 2013 after the \u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/news/2013/04/24/the-hunt-is-on-for-1500-psychiatric-patients-a-nev/\" target=\"_blank\">Sacramento Bee published accounts\u003c/a> of patients who were discharged from the state-run Rawson-Neal Psychiatric Hospital in Las Vegas, and given bus tickets to California cities for further care.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>San Francisco City Attorney Dennis Herrera said two dozen people with no prior connection to the city had been bused here over a five-year period, and 20 needed medical care shortly after they arrived. In many cases, they were sent to California without sufficient food, water or medication.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>He said at the time that the practice \"punishes jurisdictions for providing health and human services that others won't provide.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In a statement Tuesday, Herrera said he was pleased his office had reached an agreement with Nevada.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The Nevada Board of Examiners approved the settlement earlier this month.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In the months immediately after the newspaper's investigation, Nevada health officials said they improved policies to better care for discharged patients at their destination. Several employees were fired.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The agreement requires a second board vote, which is expected, as well as court approval.\u003c/p>\n\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>",
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"disqusTitle": "Violence and Healing at Napa State Hospital: A Tale of 2 Families",
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"content": "\u003cp>At California's five state psychiatric hospitals, patients are mostly criminal defendants found not guilty by reason of insanity or incompetent to stand trial. They've been sent to these institutions for psychiatric care. But sometimes the patients can be violent.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Five years ago this week, a \u003ca href=\"http://napavalleyregister.com/news/local/police-employee-at-psychiatric-hospital-killed-patient-arrested/article_c6428892-dfac-11df-805a-001cc4c03286.html\" target=\"_blank\">staff member was murdered\u003c/a> by a patient at Napa State Hospital. In the time since, the hospital has tried to improve safety. While the majority of patients are not violent, sometimes those who are target not just staff, but other patients as well.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Although it's rare for members of the media to gain access to the hospital, I was invited by Frank and Barbara Brackin to join them in visiting their 45-year-old son, Shawn, who has been a patient at Napa State for nearly 20 years. I met up with Shawn's parents in the parking lot.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[soundcloud url=\"https://api.soundcloud.com/tracks/229804825\" params=\"color=ff5500&auto_play=false&hide_related=false&show_comments=true&show_user=true&show_reposts=false\" width=\"100%\" height=\"166\" iframe=\"true\" /]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"Sometimes he says he can't sleep when he's expecting a visit because he's so excited,\" Barbara Brackin tells me as we walk to the hospital's front door.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"Our main concern now is for Shawn's safety,\" her husband says. \"He was not given the death sentence, (but) he's almost had it twice in the past three years,\" Frank adds, in reference to assaults Shawn has suffered at the hospital.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_96504\" class=\"wp-caption alignright\" style=\"max-width: 800px\">\u003cimg class=\"size-medium wp-image-96504\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/stateofhealth/wp-content/uploads/sites/27/2015/10/ShawnWithDog-800x643.jpg\" alt=\"Shawn Brackin during junior high school in 1983.\" width=\"800\" height=\"643\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/27/2015/10/ShawnWithDog.jpg 800w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/27/2015/10/ShawnWithDog-400x322.jpg 400w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Shawn Brackin during junior high school in 1983. \u003ccite>(Courtesy Brackin Family)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>After passing through a number of locked gates and surrendering our driver's licenses, we pass through several locked doors and then a metal detector, where we also surrender our cellphones and wallets.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>At last, we're ushered into a tiny room to visit with Shawn Brackin.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"I'm glad to see you,\" he says, shuffling toward us with difficulty. He's wearing a blue helmet to protect his head in case he falls -- which happens somewhat frequently -- or is pushed.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Shawn wasn't always in this condition, his parents had explained to me earlier. His life took a bad turn at age 6, when he was struck by a car and had a severe head injury. That accident began a slow descent that ended in tragedy.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>After graduating from high school, Shawn became increasingly depressed and withdrawn. In 1995, he took a small gun and walked into a local police station.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Frank Brackin says that was an attempt at \"suicide by cop.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"He was wanting to die,\" Frank Brackin says. \"And so he put himself before the firing squad, and he had no idea the firing squad would turn on themselves.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>On that day, when he was 25 years old, Shawn was shot by police but survived. In the mayhem, an officer shot and killed another cop.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Shawn Brackin was charged with six felonies. As part of a plea deal, he was found \"not guilty by reason of insanity.\" And that plea -- with its diagnosis of mental illness -- is what led him to Napa State Hospital.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"We had no choice, really,\" Shawn's father says. \"We wanted to protect him and make sure he had a safe environment. We thought a hospital would be a safe environment.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_96499\" class=\"wp-caption alignleft\" style=\"max-width: 800px\">\u003cimg class=\"wp-image-96499 size-medium\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/stateofhealth/wp-content/uploads/sites/27/2015/10/ShawnBrackinICU-800x757.jpg\" alt=\"Napa State Hospital patient Shawn Brackin spent 17 days in the ICU at UC San Francisco Medical Center after being severely beaten by a fellow patient in 2014.\" width=\"800\" height=\"757\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/27/2015/10/ShawnBrackinICU-800x757.jpg 800w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/27/2015/10/ShawnBrackinICU-400x378.jpg 400w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/27/2015/10/ShawnBrackinICU-1440x1362.jpg 1440w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/27/2015/10/ShawnBrackinICU-1180x1116.jpg 1180w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/27/2015/10/ShawnBrackinICU-960x908.jpg 960w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Napa State Hospital patient Shawn Brackin spent 17 days in the ICU at UCSF Medical Center after being severely beaten by a fellow patient in 2014. \u003ccite>(Courtesy Brackin Family)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>But over the years, Shawn Brackin has been assaulted by several patients. Last year he suffered a particularly brutal assault when a patient turned on him.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"And he slammed Shawn into the wall so hard that it buried his head into the wall and left hair in the wall,\" Frank Brackin says. \"And then he hit him. And then Shawn hit that concrete floor.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Shawn needed emergency brain surgery. He was left with severe disabilities.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The day I visited Shawn, his hair was damp from sweat. It was a hot day in Napa, and the tiny room had no air conditioning or ventilation. I ask him if feels he's gotten well while at the hospital, if he thinks he's better off for having been sent there.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"I'm better off,\" he says. \"I'm pretty good right now.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But his mother says things are not good. Before he entered the state hospital system, Shawn was able to drive and hold a job, Barbara Brackin says.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"He interacted with the family, laughed and joked, played cards. And he was the Uno champ,\" she says, and laughs. \"Nobody else could usually beat him.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Toward the end of our 45-minute visit, Frank Brackin reads a Bible verse, and then they say their goodbyes.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_96507\" class=\"wp-caption alignright\" style=\"max-width: 800px\">\u003cimg class=\"size-medium wp-image-96507\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/stateofhealth/wp-content/uploads/sites/27/2015/10/ShawnWFamily-800x568.jpg\" alt=\"Shawn Brackin (top middle) celebrating Christmas with his family at Napa State Hospital in December, 2011.\" width=\"800\" height=\"568\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/27/2015/10/ShawnWFamily.jpg 800w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/27/2015/10/ShawnWFamily-400x284.jpg 400w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Shawn Brackin (top middle) celebrating Christmas with his family at Napa State Hospital in December 2011. \u003ccite>(Courtesy Brackin Family)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>\"We'll visit you again on Sunday, Shawn,\" Frank says. \"We'll have time to play some cards if you want. I love you. You're my main man, you know?\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"Yes sir,\" Shawn says.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The latest assault on Shawn Brackin was just one of 1,800 at Napa State Hospital last year. To be fair, most of those assaults are very minor.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>While the Brackins don't dismiss what their son did 20 years ago in that police station, they feel he's had to pay too high a price and have filed a lawsuit against the hospital, alleging negligence in failing to keep their son safe.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Napa has made many changes since psychiatric technician \u003ca href=\"http://napavalleyregister.com/news/local/police-employee-at-psychiatric-hospital-killed-patient-arrested/article_c6428892-dfac-11df-805a-001cc4c03286.html\" target=\"_blank\">Donna Gross was murdered by a patient \u003c/a>five years ago, but mostly \u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/stateofhealth/2015/10/19/five-years-after-brutal-murder-napa-hospital-seeks-to-balance-treatment-with-security/\" target=\"_blank\">those changes\u003c/a> are intended to protect staff. While a new law took effect in July that will allow the hospital to isolate the most dangerous patients, hospital Executive Director Dolly Matteucci says more needs to be done.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"We have made tremendous progress in safety improvements and in mitigating violence at the hospital,\" she tells me. \"But sadly it continues to be a part of our environment and our shared experience as patients and employees. And it is unacceptable.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_96512\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 800px\">\u003cimg class=\"wp-image-96512 size-medium\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/stateofhealth/wp-content/uploads/sites/27/2015/10/DollyM-800x573.jpg\" alt=\"Dolly Matteucci became executive director of Napa State Hospital after Donna Gross's murder. She stands in a conference room decorated with paintings created by psychiatric patients.\" width=\"800\" height=\"573\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/27/2015/10/DollyM-800x573.jpg 800w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/27/2015/10/DollyM-400x286.jpg 400w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/27/2015/10/DollyM-1440x1031.jpg 1440w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/27/2015/10/DollyM-1180x845.jpg 1180w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/27/2015/10/DollyM-960x688.jpg 960w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Dolly Matteucci became executive director of Napa State Hospital after the killing of Donna Gross. She stands in a conference room decorated with paintings created by psychiatric patients. \u003ccite>(Scott Shafer/KQED)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Not all families are critical of Napa. Many say they enjoy the visits with their loved ones -- who they say are finally getting the kind of treatment they should have gotten before the tragedy that sent them there happened.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Candace and Hans -- they’ve asked that we just use their first names to protect their privacy -- say their son has been at Napa for 3½ years. At their request, we’re not using his name.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>I met with them in their home in Alameda, where Hans showed me his son's high school trophies from basketball and football.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"He loved fishing, so we have pictures of him catching a 32-pound salmon,\" says Hans.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[contextly_sidebar id=\"z3MoWy1s3a0uaqzle3WibjbVXxDDGFT2\"]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Candace says that when their son was in high school, he started changing.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"He couldn't organize his homework. He couldn't turn in assignments,\" she says. \"And he was becoming very quiet around the house, and also talked about feeling spirits and things around him.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>It was the early signs of schizophrenia. The symptoms got worse, and his behavior escalated. Hans and Candace were so worried their son would hurt himself or someone else that they had him confined against his will.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"When police come into the house and handcuff your kid and take him out of the house, in the same house he grew up in sprawled across the floor, it's quite an experience,\" she says.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>They called the police many times, but authorities could not hold him indefinitely, so he was always released. Candace and Hans tried repeatedly to get their son psychiatric help, but as an adult he had the right to refuse treatment.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Finally, in 2012 while suffering delusions, their son killed someone in the Berkeley Hills.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>He was found not guilty by reason of insanity and sent to Napa State Hospital, where his mother says he is slowly getting better.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"It has taken this long to see real results of recovery,\" she says, \"in little bits and pieces along the way. It was only because of the sustained treatment we had through Napa.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad floatright]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Despite the complaints and problems at California’s state mental hospitals, there’s\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/stateofhealth/2015/10/19/five-years-after-brutal-murder-napa-hospital-seeks-to-balance-treatment-with-security/\" target=\"_blank\"> a long waiting list \u003c/a>to get into them -- and many of those waiting spend their time in jail.\u003c/p>\n\n",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>At California's five state psychiatric hospitals, patients are mostly criminal defendants found not guilty by reason of insanity or incompetent to stand trial. They've been sent to these institutions for psychiatric care. But sometimes the patients can be violent.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Five years ago this week, a \u003ca href=\"http://napavalleyregister.com/news/local/police-employee-at-psychiatric-hospital-killed-patient-arrested/article_c6428892-dfac-11df-805a-001cc4c03286.html\" target=\"_blank\">staff member was murdered\u003c/a> by a patient at Napa State Hospital. In the time since, the hospital has tried to improve safety. While the majority of patients are not violent, sometimes those who are target not just staff, but other patients as well.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Although it's rare for members of the media to gain access to the hospital, I was invited by Frank and Barbara Brackin to join them in visiting their 45-year-old son, Shawn, who has been a patient at Napa State for nearly 20 years. I met up with Shawn's parents in the parking lot.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003cdiv class='utils-parseShortcode-shortcodes-__shortcodes__shortcodeWrapper'>\n \u003ciframe width='100%' height='166'\n scrolling='no' frameborder='no'\n src='https://w.soundcloud.com/player/?url=https://api.soundcloud.com/tracks/229804825&visual=true&color=ff5500&auto_play=false&hide_related=false&show_comments=true&show_user=true&show_reposts=false'\n title='https://api.soundcloud.com/tracks/229804825'>\n \u003c/iframe>\n \u003c/div>\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"Sometimes he says he can't sleep when he's expecting a visit because he's so excited,\" Barbara Brackin tells me as we walk to the hospital's front door.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"Our main concern now is for Shawn's safety,\" her husband says. \"He was not given the death sentence, (but) he's almost had it twice in the past three years,\" Frank adds, in reference to assaults Shawn has suffered at the hospital.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_96504\" class=\"wp-caption alignright\" style=\"max-width: 800px\">\u003cimg class=\"size-medium wp-image-96504\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/stateofhealth/wp-content/uploads/sites/27/2015/10/ShawnWithDog-800x643.jpg\" alt=\"Shawn Brackin during junior high school in 1983.\" width=\"800\" height=\"643\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/27/2015/10/ShawnWithDog.jpg 800w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/27/2015/10/ShawnWithDog-400x322.jpg 400w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Shawn Brackin during junior high school in 1983. \u003ccite>(Courtesy Brackin Family)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>After passing through a number of locked gates and surrendering our driver's licenses, we pass through several locked doors and then a metal detector, where we also surrender our cellphones and wallets.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>At last, we're ushered into a tiny room to visit with Shawn Brackin.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"I'm glad to see you,\" he says, shuffling toward us with difficulty. He's wearing a blue helmet to protect his head in case he falls -- which happens somewhat frequently -- or is pushed.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Shawn wasn't always in this condition, his parents had explained to me earlier. His life took a bad turn at age 6, when he was struck by a car and had a severe head injury. That accident began a slow descent that ended in tragedy.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>After graduating from high school, Shawn became increasingly depressed and withdrawn. In 1995, he took a small gun and walked into a local police station.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Frank Brackin says that was an attempt at \"suicide by cop.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"He was wanting to die,\" Frank Brackin says. \"And so he put himself before the firing squad, and he had no idea the firing squad would turn on themselves.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>On that day, when he was 25 years old, Shawn was shot by police but survived. In the mayhem, an officer shot and killed another cop.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Shawn Brackin was charged with six felonies. As part of a plea deal, he was found \"not guilty by reason of insanity.\" And that plea -- with its diagnosis of mental illness -- is what led him to Napa State Hospital.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"We had no choice, really,\" Shawn's father says. \"We wanted to protect him and make sure he had a safe environment. We thought a hospital would be a safe environment.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_96499\" class=\"wp-caption alignleft\" style=\"max-width: 800px\">\u003cimg class=\"wp-image-96499 size-medium\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/stateofhealth/wp-content/uploads/sites/27/2015/10/ShawnBrackinICU-800x757.jpg\" alt=\"Napa State Hospital patient Shawn Brackin spent 17 days in the ICU at UC San Francisco Medical Center after being severely beaten by a fellow patient in 2014.\" width=\"800\" height=\"757\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/27/2015/10/ShawnBrackinICU-800x757.jpg 800w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/27/2015/10/ShawnBrackinICU-400x378.jpg 400w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/27/2015/10/ShawnBrackinICU-1440x1362.jpg 1440w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/27/2015/10/ShawnBrackinICU-1180x1116.jpg 1180w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/27/2015/10/ShawnBrackinICU-960x908.jpg 960w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Napa State Hospital patient Shawn Brackin spent 17 days in the ICU at UCSF Medical Center after being severely beaten by a fellow patient in 2014. \u003ccite>(Courtesy Brackin Family)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>But over the years, Shawn Brackin has been assaulted by several patients. Last year he suffered a particularly brutal assault when a patient turned on him.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"And he slammed Shawn into the wall so hard that it buried his head into the wall and left hair in the wall,\" Frank Brackin says. \"And then he hit him. And then Shawn hit that concrete floor.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Shawn needed emergency brain surgery. He was left with severe disabilities.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The day I visited Shawn, his hair was damp from sweat. It was a hot day in Napa, and the tiny room had no air conditioning or ventilation. I ask him if feels he's gotten well while at the hospital, if he thinks he's better off for having been sent there.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"I'm better off,\" he says. \"I'm pretty good right now.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But his mother says things are not good. Before he entered the state hospital system, Shawn was able to drive and hold a job, Barbara Brackin says.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"He interacted with the family, laughed and joked, played cards. And he was the Uno champ,\" she says, and laughs. \"Nobody else could usually beat him.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Toward the end of our 45-minute visit, Frank Brackin reads a Bible verse, and then they say their goodbyes.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_96507\" class=\"wp-caption alignright\" style=\"max-width: 800px\">\u003cimg class=\"size-medium wp-image-96507\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/stateofhealth/wp-content/uploads/sites/27/2015/10/ShawnWFamily-800x568.jpg\" alt=\"Shawn Brackin (top middle) celebrating Christmas with his family at Napa State Hospital in December, 2011.\" width=\"800\" height=\"568\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/27/2015/10/ShawnWFamily.jpg 800w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/27/2015/10/ShawnWFamily-400x284.jpg 400w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Shawn Brackin (top middle) celebrating Christmas with his family at Napa State Hospital in December 2011. \u003ccite>(Courtesy Brackin Family)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>\"We'll visit you again on Sunday, Shawn,\" Frank says. \"We'll have time to play some cards if you want. I love you. You're my main man, you know?\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"Yes sir,\" Shawn says.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The latest assault on Shawn Brackin was just one of 1,800 at Napa State Hospital last year. To be fair, most of those assaults are very minor.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>While the Brackins don't dismiss what their son did 20 years ago in that police station, they feel he's had to pay too high a price and have filed a lawsuit against the hospital, alleging negligence in failing to keep their son safe.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Napa has made many changes since psychiatric technician \u003ca href=\"http://napavalleyregister.com/news/local/police-employee-at-psychiatric-hospital-killed-patient-arrested/article_c6428892-dfac-11df-805a-001cc4c03286.html\" target=\"_blank\">Donna Gross was murdered by a patient \u003c/a>five years ago, but mostly \u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/stateofhealth/2015/10/19/five-years-after-brutal-murder-napa-hospital-seeks-to-balance-treatment-with-security/\" target=\"_blank\">those changes\u003c/a> are intended to protect staff. While a new law took effect in July that will allow the hospital to isolate the most dangerous patients, hospital Executive Director Dolly Matteucci says more needs to be done.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"We have made tremendous progress in safety improvements and in mitigating violence at the hospital,\" she tells me. \"But sadly it continues to be a part of our environment and our shared experience as patients and employees. And it is unacceptable.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_96512\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 800px\">\u003cimg class=\"wp-image-96512 size-medium\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/stateofhealth/wp-content/uploads/sites/27/2015/10/DollyM-800x573.jpg\" alt=\"Dolly Matteucci became executive director of Napa State Hospital after Donna Gross's murder. She stands in a conference room decorated with paintings created by psychiatric patients.\" width=\"800\" height=\"573\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/27/2015/10/DollyM-800x573.jpg 800w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/27/2015/10/DollyM-400x286.jpg 400w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/27/2015/10/DollyM-1440x1031.jpg 1440w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/27/2015/10/DollyM-1180x845.jpg 1180w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/27/2015/10/DollyM-960x688.jpg 960w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Dolly Matteucci became executive director of Napa State Hospital after the killing of Donna Gross. She stands in a conference room decorated with paintings created by psychiatric patients. \u003ccite>(Scott Shafer/KQED)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Not all families are critical of Napa. Many say they enjoy the visits with their loved ones -- who they say are finally getting the kind of treatment they should have gotten before the tragedy that sent them there happened.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Candace and Hans -- they’ve asked that we just use their first names to protect their privacy -- say their son has been at Napa for 3½ years. At their request, we’re not using his name.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>I met with them in their home in Alameda, where Hans showed me his son's high school trophies from basketball and football.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"He loved fishing, so we have pictures of him catching a 32-pound salmon,\" says Hans.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Candace says that when their son was in high school, he started changing.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"He couldn't organize his homework. He couldn't turn in assignments,\" she says. \"And he was becoming very quiet around the house, and also talked about feeling spirits and things around him.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>It was the early signs of schizophrenia. The symptoms got worse, and his behavior escalated. Hans and Candace were so worried their son would hurt himself or someone else that they had him confined against his will.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"When police come into the house and handcuff your kid and take him out of the house, in the same house he grew up in sprawled across the floor, it's quite an experience,\" she says.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>They called the police many times, but authorities could not hold him indefinitely, so he was always released. Candace and Hans tried repeatedly to get their son psychiatric help, but as an adult he had the right to refuse treatment.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Finally, in 2012 while suffering delusions, their son killed someone in the Berkeley Hills.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>He was found not guilty by reason of insanity and sent to Napa State Hospital, where his mother says he is slowly getting better.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"It has taken this long to see real results of recovery,\" she says, \"in little bits and pieces along the way. It was only because of the sustained treatment we had through Napa.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Despite the complaints and problems at California’s state mental hospitals, there’s\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/stateofhealth/2015/10/19/five-years-after-brutal-murder-napa-hospital-seeks-to-balance-treatment-with-security/\" target=\"_blank\"> a long waiting list \u003c/a>to get into them -- and many of those waiting spend their time in jail.\u003c/p>\n\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>",
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"disqusTitle": "Long, Dangerous Wait for Hospital Beds for Those Incompetent to Stand Trial",
"title": "Long, Dangerous Wait for Hospital Beds for Those Incompetent to Stand Trial",
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"content": "\u003cp>In 2010, Rodney Bock was arrested for carrying a loaded gun into a restaurant in Yuba City, north of Sacramento. Bock had severe mental illness and was later found incompetent to stand trial. He was released on bail, but was rearrested after he failed to appear at a court hearing.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Bock, 56, was placed in the Sutter County jail, awaiting transfer to a state hospital. While there, he began suffering hallucinations. After more than two weeks in jail, Bock hanged himself.\u003c/p>\n\u003caside class=\"pullquote alignright\">'Jail is simply too dangerous a place for these most vulnerable defendants.'\u003cbr>\n\u003ccite>Micaela Davis, ACLU attorney\u003c/cite>\u003c/aside>\n\u003cp>Mentally ill defendants declared incompetent to stand trial, as Bock was, are supposed to be transferred to state mental hospitals for treatment within two or three months. But more than 300 of them statewide are languishing in county jails because there’s simply no bed space.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Bock's daughters are now plaintiffs in \u003ca href=\"https://www.aclunc.org/news/aclu-sues-state-hospital-system-failing-mentally-ill-developmentally-disabled-criminal\" target=\"_blank\">a lawsuit\u003c/a> filed by the American Civil Liberties Union, charging two state agencies, including the Department of State Hospitals, with denying mentally ill inmates their right to due process -- and the treatment they need.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"Jail is simply too dangerous a place for these most vulnerable defendants,\" said Micaela Davis, lead attorney in the lawsuit. \"We have inmates that are waiting eight, nine months and sometimes over a year before being transferred to a facility for treatment.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[soundcloud url=\"https://api.soundcloud.com/tracks/229285297\" params=\"color=ff5500&auto_play=false&hide_related=false&show_comments=true&show_user=true&show_reposts=false\" width=\"100%\" height=\"166\" iframe=\"true\" /]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>California's new state budget includes more than $17 million to add beds for defendants declared incompetent to stand trial. But not everyone agrees that's the best approach.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Stephen Manley is a mental health court judge in Santa Clara County. His court helps defendants struggling with severe mental illnesses, including bipolar disorder or schizophrenia, find alternatives to incarceration.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Manley doesn't want more psychiatric hospital beds; he wants to reserve state hospitals for the most violent defendants.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003ci>\"\u003c/i>We send far too many people to state hospitals who do not pose a risk to public safety,\" he says. \"Because we don’t work with them to figure out if there isn’t a local alternative.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Manley believes the psychiatric hospitals are already overcrowded -- and understaffed. \"As long as we keep overcrowding the hospitals, all we do is feed the fire,\" he says, referring to violence within the hospitals.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>There were more than 1,800 physical assaults at Napa State Hospital last year alone. Hospital officials say patients who are there to have their sanity restored for trial inflict the most serious injuries.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[contextly_sidebar id=\"666xBwWJElI4zsw4g0a4Y9yXz6yonNLT\"]Ryan Navarre, with the organization representing Napa Hospital police, says that even officers are at risk. He recalled one patient specifically who put rocks into his socks and then spun them around \"violently,\" he said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>State psychiatric hospitals continue \u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/stateofhealth/2015/10/19/five-years-after-brutal-murder-napa-hospital-seeks-to-balance-treatment-with-security/\" target=\"_blank\">working to find a balance \u003c/a>between treatment and security for patients and staff.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Meanwhile, Manley thinks the best solution for nonviolent offenders is to create more community-based treatment facilities.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"If we add another 500 beds people to a state hospital, all we do is make the problem worse,\" he says.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But funding is already inadequate for mental health treatment. And creating more community-based programs raises new challenges -- including resistance from neighbors who don’t really want to live near facilities whose clients are mentally ill criminal defendants.\u003c/p>\n\n",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>In 2010, Rodney Bock was arrested for carrying a loaded gun into a restaurant in Yuba City, north of Sacramento. Bock had severe mental illness and was later found incompetent to stand trial. He was released on bail, but was rearrested after he failed to appear at a court hearing.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Bock, 56, was placed in the Sutter County jail, awaiting transfer to a state hospital. While there, he began suffering hallucinations. After more than two weeks in jail, Bock hanged himself.\u003c/p>\n\u003caside class=\"pullquote alignright\">'Jail is simply too dangerous a place for these most vulnerable defendants.'\u003cbr>\n\u003ccite>Micaela Davis, ACLU attorney\u003c/cite>\u003c/aside>\n\u003cp>Mentally ill defendants declared incompetent to stand trial, as Bock was, are supposed to be transferred to state mental hospitals for treatment within two or three months. But more than 300 of them statewide are languishing in county jails because there’s simply no bed space.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Bock's daughters are now plaintiffs in \u003ca href=\"https://www.aclunc.org/news/aclu-sues-state-hospital-system-failing-mentally-ill-developmentally-disabled-criminal\" target=\"_blank\">a lawsuit\u003c/a> filed by the American Civil Liberties Union, charging two state agencies, including the Department of State Hospitals, with denying mentally ill inmates their right to due process -- and the treatment they need.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"Jail is simply too dangerous a place for these most vulnerable defendants,\" said Micaela Davis, lead attorney in the lawsuit. \"We have inmates that are waiting eight, nine months and sometimes over a year before being transferred to a facility for treatment.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003cdiv class='utils-parseShortcode-shortcodes-__shortcodes__shortcodeWrapper'>\n \u003ciframe width='100%' height='166'\n scrolling='no' frameborder='no'\n src='https://w.soundcloud.com/player/?url=https://api.soundcloud.com/tracks/229285297&visual=true&color=ff5500&auto_play=false&hide_related=false&show_comments=true&show_user=true&show_reposts=false'\n title='https://api.soundcloud.com/tracks/229285297'>\n \u003c/iframe>\n \u003c/div>\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>California's new state budget includes more than $17 million to add beds for defendants declared incompetent to stand trial. But not everyone agrees that's the best approach.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Stephen Manley is a mental health court judge in Santa Clara County. His court helps defendants struggling with severe mental illnesses, including bipolar disorder or schizophrenia, find alternatives to incarceration.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Manley doesn't want more psychiatric hospital beds; he wants to reserve state hospitals for the most violent defendants.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003ci>\"\u003c/i>We send far too many people to state hospitals who do not pose a risk to public safety,\" he says. \"Because we don’t work with them to figure out if there isn’t a local alternative.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Manley believes the psychiatric hospitals are already overcrowded -- and understaffed. \"As long as we keep overcrowding the hospitals, all we do is feed the fire,\" he says, referring to violence within the hospitals.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>There were more than 1,800 physical assaults at Napa State Hospital last year alone. Hospital officials say patients who are there to have their sanity restored for trial inflict the most serious injuries.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003cp>Ryan Navarre, with the organization representing Napa Hospital police, says that even officers are at risk. He recalled one patient specifically who put rocks into his socks and then spun them around \"violently,\" he said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>State psychiatric hospitals continue \u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/stateofhealth/2015/10/19/five-years-after-brutal-murder-napa-hospital-seeks-to-balance-treatment-with-security/\" target=\"_blank\">working to find a balance \u003c/a>between treatment and security for patients and staff.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Meanwhile, Manley thinks the best solution for nonviolent offenders is to create more community-based treatment facilities.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"If we add another 500 beds people to a state hospital, all we do is make the problem worse,\" he says.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But funding is already inadequate for mental health treatment. And creating more community-based programs raises new challenges -- including resistance from neighbors who don’t really want to live near facilities whose clients are mentally ill criminal defendants.\u003c/p>\n\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>",
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"disqusTitle": "State Sued as Mentally Ill Defendants Face Long Waits in Jail",
"title": "State Sued as Mentally Ill Defendants Face Long Waits in Jail",
"headTitle": "The California Report | KQED News",
"content": "\u003cp>Hundreds of criminal defendants declared incompetent to stand trial are sitting in county jails around the state awaiting transfer to state facilities for mental health treatment. By law, these defendants must receive treatment within 35 days. But an ACLU lawsuit filed against the state says many vulnerable inmates languish in jail, sometimes for as long as a year.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Jail is simply too dangerous a place for these most vulnerable defendants,\" says Micaela Davis, one of the ACLU’s lead attorneys in this \u003ca href=\"https://www.aclunc.org/sites/default/files/20150729-complaint.pdf\" target=\"_blank\">lawsuit\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Oftentimes these incompetent defendants don't have the ability to follow rules, they get confused,” Davis says. “This can result in them being subject to disciplinary sanctions, or result in them being confined to solitary confinement, which only exacerbates their mental health condition.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[soundcloud url=\"https://api.soundcloud.com/tracks/218932430\" params=\"color=ff5500&auto_play=false&hide_related=false&show_comments=true&show_user=true&show_reposts=false\" width=\"100%\" height=\"166\" iframe=\"true\" /]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>And, Davis says inmates with developmental disabilities can become targets. That's what happened to the son of one plaintiff, Nancy Leiva. Mentally disabled, he was held in Los Angeles County jail for eight months, waiting for a court-ordered transfer to a state facility.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“During that time he was raped multiple times by another inmate,” Davis says. “Of course he suffered severe mental health consequences from that and still suffers today.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Another inmate, Rodney Bock, committed suicide at Sutter County Jail before he could be transferred to \u003ca href=\"http://www.dsh.ca.gov/napa/\" target=\"_blank\">Napa State Hospital\u003c/a>. Sutter County paid his family $800,000 to settle a separate lawsuit. But his children joined the new suit in hopes of preventing other families from experiencing what they have.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The burden of these delays falls to local sheriffs, who run county jails. Cory Salzillo, legislative director of the \u003ca href=\"https://www.calsheriffs.org/\" target=\"_blank\">California State Sheriffs' Association\u003c/a>, says his group is working closely with the state to speed up the process so prisoners aren't stuck in jail.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_74314\" class=\"wp-caption alignright\" style=\"max-width: 300px\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2012/08/CfakepathLAJailCellblock2085.jpg\">\u003cimg class=\"size-full wp-image-74314\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2012/08/CfakepathLAJailCellblock2085.jpg\" alt=\"Getty Images\" width=\"300\" height=\"200\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Getty Images\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>“You know they take up bed space when they could be moving through the system,” Salzillo says. “It slows down proceedings, so it exacerbates court backups. While they're waiting for a bed they decompensate oftentimes, so their mental condition gets worse.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The two state agencies sued by the ACLU declined KQED’s interview requests. But in written statements, the \u003ca href=\"http://www.dsh.ca.gov/\" target=\"_blank\">Department of State Hospitals\u003c/a> and the \u003ca href=\"http://www.dds.ca.gov/\" target=\"_blank\">Department of Developmental Services\u003c/a> wrote that hundreds of beds are being added for patients needing restoration of mental competency so they can stand trial. They also note the state budget included funding for mental health programs in county jails and in the community.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Dan Mistak of a \u003ca href=\"http://cochs.org/\" target=\"_blank\">nonprofit in Oakland\u003c/a> that works with jails to develop community-based health service says the lack of treatment beds dates back decades, to when California began deinstitutionalizing mentally ill people.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“There hasn't been a social safety net for these folks and what's happened is the jail has actually stepped in in order to make up for essentially what's been a lack of these services everywhere else,” Mistak noted.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The ACLU hopes this lawsuit will lead to quicker assessments and treatment so justice can be served in a more timely way.\u003c/p>\n\n",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>Hundreds of criminal defendants declared incompetent to stand trial are sitting in county jails around the state awaiting transfer to state facilities for mental health treatment. By law, these defendants must receive treatment within 35 days. But an ACLU lawsuit filed against the state says many vulnerable inmates languish in jail, sometimes for as long as a year.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Jail is simply too dangerous a place for these most vulnerable defendants,\" says Micaela Davis, one of the ACLU’s lead attorneys in this \u003ca href=\"https://www.aclunc.org/sites/default/files/20150729-complaint.pdf\" target=\"_blank\">lawsuit\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Oftentimes these incompetent defendants don't have the ability to follow rules, they get confused,” Davis says. “This can result in them being subject to disciplinary sanctions, or result in them being confined to solitary confinement, which only exacerbates their mental health condition.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003cdiv class='utils-parseShortcode-shortcodes-__shortcodes__shortcodeWrapper'>\n \u003ciframe width='100%' height='166'\n scrolling='no' frameborder='no'\n src='https://w.soundcloud.com/player/?url=https://api.soundcloud.com/tracks/218932430&visual=true&color=ff5500&auto_play=false&hide_related=false&show_comments=true&show_user=true&show_reposts=false'\n title='https://api.soundcloud.com/tracks/218932430'>\n \u003c/iframe>\n \u003c/div>\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>And, Davis says inmates with developmental disabilities can become targets. That's what happened to the son of one plaintiff, Nancy Leiva. Mentally disabled, he was held in Los Angeles County jail for eight months, waiting for a court-ordered transfer to a state facility.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“During that time he was raped multiple times by another inmate,” Davis says. “Of course he suffered severe mental health consequences from that and still suffers today.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Another inmate, Rodney Bock, committed suicide at Sutter County Jail before he could be transferred to \u003ca href=\"http://www.dsh.ca.gov/napa/\" target=\"_blank\">Napa State Hospital\u003c/a>. Sutter County paid his family $800,000 to settle a separate lawsuit. But his children joined the new suit in hopes of preventing other families from experiencing what they have.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The burden of these delays falls to local sheriffs, who run county jails. Cory Salzillo, legislative director of the \u003ca href=\"https://www.calsheriffs.org/\" target=\"_blank\">California State Sheriffs' Association\u003c/a>, says his group is working closely with the state to speed up the process so prisoners aren't stuck in jail.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_74314\" class=\"wp-caption alignright\" style=\"max-width: 300px\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2012/08/CfakepathLAJailCellblock2085.jpg\">\u003cimg class=\"size-full wp-image-74314\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2012/08/CfakepathLAJailCellblock2085.jpg\" alt=\"Getty Images\" width=\"300\" height=\"200\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Getty Images\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>“You know they take up bed space when they could be moving through the system,” Salzillo says. “It slows down proceedings, so it exacerbates court backups. While they're waiting for a bed they decompensate oftentimes, so their mental condition gets worse.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The two state agencies sued by the ACLU declined KQED’s interview requests. But in written statements, the \u003ca href=\"http://www.dsh.ca.gov/\" target=\"_blank\">Department of State Hospitals\u003c/a> and the \u003ca href=\"http://www.dds.ca.gov/\" target=\"_blank\">Department of Developmental Services\u003c/a> wrote that hundreds of beds are being added for patients needing restoration of mental competency so they can stand trial. They also note the state budget included funding for mental health programs in county jails and in the community.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Dan Mistak of a \u003ca href=\"http://cochs.org/\" target=\"_blank\">nonprofit in Oakland\u003c/a> that works with jails to develop community-based health service says the lack of treatment beds dates back decades, to when California began deinstitutionalizing mentally ill people.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“There hasn't been a social safety net for these folks and what's happened is the jail has actually stepped in in order to make up for essentially what's been a lack of these services everywhere else,” Mistak noted.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The ACLU hopes this lawsuit will lead to quicker assessments and treatment so justice can be served in a more timely way.\u003c/p>\n\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>",
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"disqusTitle": "Strict Limits on Mental Health Care Still Common for California Patients",
"title": "Strict Limits on Mental Health Care Still Common for California Patients",
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"content": "\u003cp>After the state of California \u003ca href=\"http://www.dmhc.ca.gov/desktopmodules/dmhc/medsurveys/surveys/055bh031813.pdf\" target=\"_blank\">fined her employer $4 million\u003c/a> in 2013 for violating the legal rights of mental health patients, Oakland psychologist Melinda Ginne expected her job -- and her patients’ lives -- to get better.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Instead, she said, things got worse.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Within months, Ginne, a whistleblower in the 2013 case, was back to writing her supervisors at Kaiser Permanente about what she considered unconscionable delays in care. Some patients might not live long enough to make the next available appointment, she said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“I can’t tell a family whose elderly mother is declining that I can’t provide treatment until 2014,” she wrote to her managers at the Kaiser Medical Center in Oakland in September 2013.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[contextly_sidebar id=\"1ebnqoqYgtH13y2uhbXV4An8UIzspTvr\"]In February, two years after assessing the second largest fine in its history, \u003ca href=\"http://www.dmhc.ca.gov/desktopmodules/dmhc/medsurveys/surveys/055bhfu022415.pdf\" target=\"_blank\">the California Department of Managed Health Care stepped in again\u003c/a>, finding that Kaiser had improved somewhat but \u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/stateofhealth/2015/02/25/calif-calls-kaiser-mental-health-services-inadequate-as-treatment-delays-persist/\" target=\"_blank\">still was short-changing patients\u003c/a> on mental health care. The state is considering another fine against the health maintenance organization.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>California has taken perhaps the \u003ca href=\"http://khn.org/news/advocates-say-mental-health-parity-law-is-not-fulfilling-its-promise/\">most proactive stance in the nation\u003c/a> in enforcing laws to ensure people with mental illnesses have fair and timely access to care. But even in this state\u003cstrong>, \u003c/strong>it’s proving difficult to ensure mental patients truly have equal access to treatment.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Parity laws, including a sweeping measure passed by the federal government in 2008 and an older California law, require insurers to provide mental health and substance abuse benefits on par with the coverage they offer for other medical care. And a \u003ca href=\"https://www.dmhc.ca.gov/HealthCareinCalifornia/YourHealthCareRights/TimelyAccesstoCare.aspx#.VckfjvlVhBd\" target=\"_blank\">separate state law requires\u003c/a> insurers to provide patients with access to mental treatment within a specific timeframe – 48 hours for an urgent visit and 10 business days for a non-urgent one.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>After the 2013 fine, Kaiser patients continued to face not just ongoing delays – they also faced arbitrary limits on treatment in direct violation of the state’s parity statute, officials found. The law was intended to prevent such things as annual caps on patient visits that would not typically be faced, for instance, by patient with another chronic illness such as diabetes or heart disease. Yet, according to the 2015 report, some Kaiser staffers told mental health patients that they were not entitled to long-term individual therapy -- ever.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“No one ever sees a therapist once a week in the Kaiser Health Plan,” according to a 2014 email a Kaiser psychologist sent to a patient, which was cited in the state’s most recent report. “Not a covered benefit for the past 20-something years and will not be a benefit in the future.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Dr. Mason Turner, Kaiser Permanente’s Associate Director of Regional Mental Health for Northern California, said that the organization has fixed the problems identified by the state.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Between the time the DMHC made their [initial] findings and now, we've made substantial improvements, hired many more staff, and really put into place a lot of mechanisms to address the initial concerns that were brought up,” Turner said in April.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The access problems, he said, were caused by an increase in demand, which rose in part because of the influx of new enrollees under the Affordable Care Act. In response, he said, Kaiser increased the ranks of therapists by 25 percent and arranged to contract with outside therapists when necessary.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The actions against Kaiser highlight both how far California has come in ensuring equal treatment for mental health patients and how far it has yet to go.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>On one hand, after many years of “abysmal” enforcement, “now we have regulators who seem to be enthusiastic,” said Randall Hagar, director of government relations for the California Psychiatric Association.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Hagar gives credit to managed health care department director Shelley Rouillard, who spent 20 years in consumer advocacy before joining the department in 2011 and becoming director in 2013. On the other hand, critics say, Rouillard and her staff are making slow progress at best.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“This is one of the ‘pace car’ states, and it's still slow going,” said Carol McDaid, who runs the Parity Implementation Coalition, an advocacy group made up of addiction and mental health consumer and provider organizations.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Holding Insurers Accountable \u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Soon after they fined Kaiser in 2013, California officials realized the problems with unequal coverage of mental health were much broader.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>For years, California, like most states and the federal government, relied on consumers to bring complaints alleging that their rights had been violated under parity laws. State regulators grew concerned that the approach was too passive -- few consumers were complaining, perhaps because of the stigma attached to mental illness.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>So as a first step, the department of managed health care last year began requiring insurers under its watch to show -- at least on paper -- that they were complying with federal parity law.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The results were not encouraging: Of 26 managed care insurers, from Aetna to Western Health Advantage, zero were able to prove that they were fully in compliance. Most filed incomplete or flawed documents, state officials said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“It is rather shocking,” Rouillard said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Part of the problem, Rouillard said, is that the federal government did not release the final regulations dictating how its parity law should be enforced until November 2013 – five years after the law was passed.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In addition to the flawed and incomplete paperwork, her department found insurers trying to control costs in ways that could be discriminatory -- for example, by limiting the number of days a patient could receive inpatient care for a mental health condition.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Mental health services are still sort of a second class benefit as far as the health plans are concerned,” Rouillard said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>At this point, Rouillard says the managed care plans she regulates are in varying stages of compliance with the federal parity law. Just one plan, Health Net, has so far been able to prove on paper that its benefits fully comply. Rouillard says she expects the other plans to follow suit by the end of the year, and in 2016, the department plans a more intensive review.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Charles Bacchi, president and CEO of the California Association of Health Plans, disputed that insurers see mental health a second-tier benefit. “We're committed to providing this coverage for our enrollees. It's very important, and it's something that we're working hard to do,” he said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But the law poses a huge challenge for health plans, he said, in part because the science underpinning diagnosis and treatment of mental illness is constantly evolving. In addition, health plans are trying to adapt not just to parity law but to the implementation of the Affordable Care Act, which has transformed the national insurance landscape.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Even so, he said, “I think by the end of this year, all the plans will have filed the right documents and will have approval from the department, and this will be something that's in the rearview mirror.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>‘A Societal Problem’\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[contextly_sidebar id=\"ibzkpzZhksO1dURcjHzt07C3hHpl7QzN\"]Finding that her situation did not improve even after the first investigation of Kaiser in 2015, psychologist Ginne made a request of her managers -- copied to Rouillard -- that December. She asked that six of her sickest patients be transferred to other providers who could see them more frequently.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>One of them, an elderly man with dementia and depression, was hallucinating “fully-formed humans,” Ginne said in an interview. One day, he wandered down the block at 5 am in his pajamas, panicked, and flagged down a truck driver who called the police.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“He was a danger to himself,” Ginne said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>According to Ginne, the backup in appointments meant she could see him for individual therapy only once every few months. The man had been assigned to regular group therapy for depression, which Ginne felt was inappropriate for his condition.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>When her supervisors did not transfer the man to another individual therapy provider, Ginne reported the case to Adult Protective Services, because she said she believed him to be imminent danger.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“That's such a bad solution,” she said, shaking her head. Ultimately, he and his wife decided to quit therapy entirely.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Rouillard said that many managed care plans have a long way to go to ensure fair and equal access to mental health care for Californians. But she also said there’s only so much her department can do.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Access to care at companies like Kaiser is also an issue of capacity – and that’s not within the department’s purview, she said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“There just aren't enough therapists to see everyone who needs help,” she said. “It isn't just a plan problem; it's a societal problem. And that is really the crux of the matter. We're trying to address a problem that is beyond our ability to fix, and that is a challenge.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad floatright]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>This story was produced by \u003c/em>\u003ca href=\"http://khn.org\">\u003cem>Kaiser Health News\u003c/em>\u003c/a>\u003cem>, a nonprofit news organization covering health care policy and politics. It is an editorially independent program of the \u003c/em>\u003cstrong>\u003cem>\u003ca href=\"http://www.kff.org/\">Kaiser Family Foundation\u003c/a> \u003c/em>\u003c/strong>\u003cem>and\u003c/em>\u003cem> not affiliated with Kaiser Permanente. \u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\n",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>After the state of California \u003ca href=\"http://www.dmhc.ca.gov/desktopmodules/dmhc/medsurveys/surveys/055bh031813.pdf\" target=\"_blank\">fined her employer $4 million\u003c/a> in 2013 for violating the legal rights of mental health patients, Oakland psychologist Melinda Ginne expected her job -- and her patients’ lives -- to get better.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Instead, she said, things got worse.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Within months, Ginne, a whistleblower in the 2013 case, was back to writing her supervisors at Kaiser Permanente about what she considered unconscionable delays in care. Some patients might not live long enough to make the next available appointment, she said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“I can’t tell a family whose elderly mother is declining that I can’t provide treatment until 2014,” she wrote to her managers at the Kaiser Medical Center in Oakland in September 2013.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003cp>In February, two years after assessing the second largest fine in its history, \u003ca href=\"http://www.dmhc.ca.gov/desktopmodules/dmhc/medsurveys/surveys/055bhfu022415.pdf\" target=\"_blank\">the California Department of Managed Health Care stepped in again\u003c/a>, finding that Kaiser had improved somewhat but \u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/stateofhealth/2015/02/25/calif-calls-kaiser-mental-health-services-inadequate-as-treatment-delays-persist/\" target=\"_blank\">still was short-changing patients\u003c/a> on mental health care. The state is considering another fine against the health maintenance organization.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>California has taken perhaps the \u003ca href=\"http://khn.org/news/advocates-say-mental-health-parity-law-is-not-fulfilling-its-promise/\">most proactive stance in the nation\u003c/a> in enforcing laws to ensure people with mental illnesses have fair and timely access to care. But even in this state\u003cstrong>, \u003c/strong>it’s proving difficult to ensure mental patients truly have equal access to treatment.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Parity laws, including a sweeping measure passed by the federal government in 2008 and an older California law, require insurers to provide mental health and substance abuse benefits on par with the coverage they offer for other medical care. And a \u003ca href=\"https://www.dmhc.ca.gov/HealthCareinCalifornia/YourHealthCareRights/TimelyAccesstoCare.aspx#.VckfjvlVhBd\" target=\"_blank\">separate state law requires\u003c/a> insurers to provide patients with access to mental treatment within a specific timeframe – 48 hours for an urgent visit and 10 business days for a non-urgent one.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>After the 2013 fine, Kaiser patients continued to face not just ongoing delays – they also faced arbitrary limits on treatment in direct violation of the state’s parity statute, officials found. The law was intended to prevent such things as annual caps on patient visits that would not typically be faced, for instance, by patient with another chronic illness such as diabetes or heart disease. Yet, according to the 2015 report, some Kaiser staffers told mental health patients that they were not entitled to long-term individual therapy -- ever.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“No one ever sees a therapist once a week in the Kaiser Health Plan,” according to a 2014 email a Kaiser psychologist sent to a patient, which was cited in the state’s most recent report. “Not a covered benefit for the past 20-something years and will not be a benefit in the future.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Dr. Mason Turner, Kaiser Permanente’s Associate Director of Regional Mental Health for Northern California, said that the organization has fixed the problems identified by the state.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Between the time the DMHC made their [initial] findings and now, we've made substantial improvements, hired many more staff, and really put into place a lot of mechanisms to address the initial concerns that were brought up,” Turner said in April.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The access problems, he said, were caused by an increase in demand, which rose in part because of the influx of new enrollees under the Affordable Care Act. In response, he said, Kaiser increased the ranks of therapists by 25 percent and arranged to contract with outside therapists when necessary.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The actions against Kaiser highlight both how far California has come in ensuring equal treatment for mental health patients and how far it has yet to go.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>On one hand, after many years of “abysmal” enforcement, “now we have regulators who seem to be enthusiastic,” said Randall Hagar, director of government relations for the California Psychiatric Association.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Hagar gives credit to managed health care department director Shelley Rouillard, who spent 20 years in consumer advocacy before joining the department in 2011 and becoming director in 2013. On the other hand, critics say, Rouillard and her staff are making slow progress at best.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“This is one of the ‘pace car’ states, and it's still slow going,” said Carol McDaid, who runs the Parity Implementation Coalition, an advocacy group made up of addiction and mental health consumer and provider organizations.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Holding Insurers Accountable \u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Soon after they fined Kaiser in 2013, California officials realized the problems with unequal coverage of mental health were much broader.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>For years, California, like most states and the federal government, relied on consumers to bring complaints alleging that their rights had been violated under parity laws. State regulators grew concerned that the approach was too passive -- few consumers were complaining, perhaps because of the stigma attached to mental illness.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>So as a first step, the department of managed health care last year began requiring insurers under its watch to show -- at least on paper -- that they were complying with federal parity law.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The results were not encouraging: Of 26 managed care insurers, from Aetna to Western Health Advantage, zero were able to prove that they were fully in compliance. Most filed incomplete or flawed documents, state officials said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“It is rather shocking,” Rouillard said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Part of the problem, Rouillard said, is that the federal government did not release the final regulations dictating how its parity law should be enforced until November 2013 – five years after the law was passed.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In addition to the flawed and incomplete paperwork, her department found insurers trying to control costs in ways that could be discriminatory -- for example, by limiting the number of days a patient could receive inpatient care for a mental health condition.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Mental health services are still sort of a second class benefit as far as the health plans are concerned,” Rouillard said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>At this point, Rouillard says the managed care plans she regulates are in varying stages of compliance with the federal parity law. Just one plan, Health Net, has so far been able to prove on paper that its benefits fully comply. Rouillard says she expects the other plans to follow suit by the end of the year, and in 2016, the department plans a more intensive review.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Charles Bacchi, president and CEO of the California Association of Health Plans, disputed that insurers see mental health a second-tier benefit. “We're committed to providing this coverage for our enrollees. It's very important, and it's something that we're working hard to do,” he said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But the law poses a huge challenge for health plans, he said, in part because the science underpinning diagnosis and treatment of mental illness is constantly evolving. In addition, health plans are trying to adapt not just to parity law but to the implementation of the Affordable Care Act, which has transformed the national insurance landscape.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Even so, he said, “I think by the end of this year, all the plans will have filed the right documents and will have approval from the department, and this will be something that's in the rearview mirror.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>‘A Societal Problem’\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003cp>Finding that her situation did not improve even after the first investigation of Kaiser in 2015, psychologist Ginne made a request of her managers -- copied to Rouillard -- that December. She asked that six of her sickest patients be transferred to other providers who could see them more frequently.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>One of them, an elderly man with dementia and depression, was hallucinating “fully-formed humans,” Ginne said in an interview. One day, he wandered down the block at 5 am in his pajamas, panicked, and flagged down a truck driver who called the police.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“He was a danger to himself,” Ginne said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>According to Ginne, the backup in appointments meant she could see him for individual therapy only once every few months. The man had been assigned to regular group therapy for depression, which Ginne felt was inappropriate for his condition.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>When her supervisors did not transfer the man to another individual therapy provider, Ginne reported the case to Adult Protective Services, because she said she believed him to be imminent danger.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“That's such a bad solution,” she said, shaking her head. Ultimately, he and his wife decided to quit therapy entirely.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Rouillard said that many managed care plans have a long way to go to ensure fair and equal access to mental health care for Californians. But she also said there’s only so much her department can do.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Access to care at companies like Kaiser is also an issue of capacity – and that’s not within the department’s purview, she said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“There just aren't enough therapists to see everyone who needs help,” she said. “It isn't just a plan problem; it's a societal problem. And that is really the crux of the matter. We're trying to address a problem that is beyond our ability to fix, and that is a challenge.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>This story was produced by \u003c/em>\u003ca href=\"http://khn.org\">\u003cem>Kaiser Health News\u003c/em>\u003c/a>\u003cem>, a nonprofit news organization covering health care policy and politics. It is an editorially independent program of the \u003c/em>\u003cstrong>\u003cem>\u003ca href=\"http://www.kff.org/\">Kaiser Family Foundation\u003c/a> \u003c/em>\u003c/strong>\u003cem>and\u003c/em>\u003cem> not affiliated with Kaiser Permanente. \u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>",
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"disqusTitle": "Deportees in Tijuana Struggle With Mental Health Problems",
"title": "Deportees in Tijuana Struggle With Mental Health Problems",
"headTitle": "The California Report | KQED News",
"content": "\u003cp>Cuauhtemoc Martinez tried to kill himself six months after he was deported from the U.S., where he had lived as long as he could remember. He threw himself in front of a speeding car in Ensenada, and woke up in the hospital with gashes and bruises all over his body. He said he still sometimes wishes he had died.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"I wake up with nightmares, sweats and everything,\" he said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Martinez, 32, is among a rising number of Mexican deportees suffering from clinical depression, anxiety and other mental health problems. Few are receiving treatment.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=bf8x2rLsLFI\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The \u003ca href=\"http://www.pewresearch.org/fact-tank/2014/10/02/u-s-deportations-of-immigrants-reach-record-high-in-2013/\" target=\"_blank\">largest wave of deportations in U.S. history\u003c/a> -- more than 2 million since 2008 -- has been putting a strain on mental health resources in Tijuana, which receives at least 40 percent of the deportees the U.S. returns to Mexico.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In some cases, psychological problems are pre-existing. But mental health experts say more often the diseases start after deportation. The stress of being separated from families, jobs and homes in the U.S. can turn into a full-blown mental health problem when combined with the hostile environment that returnees may encounter south of the border.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Martinez had worked as a supervisor at a Utah food packaging plant, but he couldn't get a job in Mexico after he was deported. He had no papers, and there seemed to be no record of his birth in his home state, the State of Mexico.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[soundcloud url=\"https://api.soundcloud.com/tracks/211133967\" params=\"color=ff5500&auto_play=false&hide_related=false&show_comments=true&show_user=true&show_reposts=false\" width=\"100%\" height=\"166\" iframe=\"true\" /]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>He wound up taking informal construction jobs. But the arduous manual labor gave him asthma attacks and left him feeling exhausted. He said local police robbed him of all his money the day before he tried to kill himself.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"I was scared,\" he said. \"I'm still scared. Sometimes I wake up scared.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>When he was recovering from his injuries at a Tijuana migrant shelter called Desayunador Salesiano, Martinez started seeing volunteer psychologist Maria Rosa Ponciano for therapy. He was walking with a cane.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_10555638\" class=\"wp-caption alignright\" style=\"max-width: 800px\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2015/06/RS15414_Screen-Shot-2015-05-25-at-11.13.36-AM-qut.jpg\">\u003cimg class=\"size-medium wp-image-10555638\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2015/06/RS15414_Screen-Shot-2015-05-25-at-11.13.36-AM-qut-800x450.jpg\" alt=\"Cuauhtemoc Martinez, a deportee suffering from depression, sees a psychotherapist at a Tijuana migrant shelter.\" width=\"800\" height=\"450\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2015/06/RS15414_Screen-Shot-2015-05-25-at-11.13.36-AM-qut-800x450.jpg 800w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2015/06/RS15414_Screen-Shot-2015-05-25-at-11.13.36-AM-qut-400x225.jpg 400w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2015/06/RS15414_Screen-Shot-2015-05-25-at-11.13.36-AM-qut-1440x810.jpg 1440w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2015/06/RS15414_Screen-Shot-2015-05-25-at-11.13.36-AM-qut-1180x664.jpg 1180w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2015/06/RS15414_Screen-Shot-2015-05-25-at-11.13.36-AM-qut-960x540.jpg 960w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2015/06/RS15414_Screen-Shot-2015-05-25-at-11.13.36-AM-qut.jpg 1920w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Cuauhtemoc Martinez, a deportee suffering from depression, sees a psychotherapist at a Tijuana migrant shelter. \u003ccite>(Katie Schoolov/KPBS)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Ponciano helped him obtain his birth certificate. It was then that he learned his real first name: Cuauhtemoc, the name of the last Aztec ruler to fight the Spanish conquistadors. In the U.S., he went by Luis. He thought that was his real name. That’s why it was so hard to find his official documents.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>He hates the name Cuauhtemoc, but Ponciano insists on calling him that, hoping it will encourage him to develop a new sense of identity. She says few deportees are patriotic.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"They tell me, 'I don't want to be Mexican anymore!'\" Ponciano said. \"Because here they treat them worse than they did in the U.S.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Ponciano said the sense of rejection from both Mexico and the U.S. sometimes makes her patients feel they have no identity at all. Sometimes, she said, this makes them suicidal.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"They feel they're people without a right to live,\" she said. \"That's how I hear them: 'I'm worthless. I can't go over there. I can't be here. What am I here for? I want to die.'\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Volunteer Psychologist Saves Deportee\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>When Martinez was first deported, he occasionally slept in El Bordo, a homeless encampment along the Tijuana river canal that has since been evacuated. He didn't have a job yet and had nowhere else to go.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>This spring, in the latest response to the Tijuana mental health crisis, the local mayor \u003ca href=\"http://www.kpbs.org/news/2015/apr/13/tijuana-homeless-get-compulsory-treatment/\" target=\"_blank\">sent the hundreds of people who were living in El Bordo to drug rehabilitation centers\u003c/a> for mandatory addiction treatment.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Martinez was no longer living there when that happened. When he met Ponciano last December, she told him he could stay in a once-abandoned building her family owns in Playas de Tijuana, in exchange for cleaning it up.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>He said he has never used illegal drugs, and that the sight of people using heroin and methamphetamine around him when he was staying in El Bordo compounded his fear.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Even now that he has a job and a place to stay, he sometimes feels overwhelmed with depression because of how much he misses the U.S.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"Sometimes I go over to the third floor and I see the ocean, I see the cars, how they're living a great life,\" he said. \"And me? I'm miserable. I'm miserable in Mexico. I look down from the building and say, I can just end my life right now.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>He said antidepressants make him feel better, but they're expensive, and he often runs out of them. He said he only feels okay when he's keeping busy.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"I don't think about the U.S. much when I'm working,\" he said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Ponciano said she often prescribes occupational therapy to the deportees she treats.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"So that they'll feel useful,\" she said. \"So they know they’re not garbage from the U.S. Because that's how they feel.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Migrant Shelters Improvise Solutions\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>On a recent evening at the shelter, more than a dozen deportees sat at a long table putting the finishing touches on homemade puppets they were making: gluing eyes on sponges shaped like heads, inserting clothespins for mouths that open and close, and making their creations speak both English and Spanish.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Rev. Oscar Torres, the director of Desayunador Salesiano, said an increase in deportees with mental health problems and the lack of formal infrastructure to treat them forced the shelter to improvise new ways to help.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_10555637\" class=\"wp-caption alignright\" style=\"max-width: 800px\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2015/06/RS15417_Screen-Shot-2015-05-25-at-11.15.06-AM-qut.jpg\">\u003cimg class=\"size-medium wp-image-10555637\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2015/06/RS15417_Screen-Shot-2015-05-25-at-11.15.06-AM-qut-800x450.jpg\" alt=\"Deportees participate in a contemplative dance workshop at a Tijuana migrant shelter.\" width=\"800\" height=\"450\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2015/06/RS15417_Screen-Shot-2015-05-25-at-11.15.06-AM-qut-800x450.jpg 800w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2015/06/RS15417_Screen-Shot-2015-05-25-at-11.15.06-AM-qut-400x225.jpg 400w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2015/06/RS15417_Screen-Shot-2015-05-25-at-11.15.06-AM-qut-1440x810.jpg 1440w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2015/06/RS15417_Screen-Shot-2015-05-25-at-11.15.06-AM-qut-1180x664.jpg 1180w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2015/06/RS15417_Screen-Shot-2015-05-25-at-11.15.06-AM-qut-960x540.jpg 960w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2015/06/RS15417_Screen-Shot-2015-05-25-at-11.15.06-AM-qut.jpg 1920w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Deportees participate in a contemplative dance workshop at a Tijuana migrant shelter. \u003ccite>(Nicholas McVicker/KPBS)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>The shelter has started several workshops, including contemplative dance, painting, sewing and the puppetry class to keep their clients' minds occupied.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"If we want to attend the deportation problem at a human level, we have to attend them at emotional and psychological levels,\" Torres said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Another migrant shelter,\u003ca href=\"http://www.kpbs.org/news/2015/mar/18/deportees-seek-work-tijuana-after-decades-us/\" target=\"_blank\"> Casa del Migrante, has hired a full-time psychologist\u003c/a> to deal with the perceived increase in mental health problems among visitors.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>One Psychiatric Hospital\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The only psychiatric hospital in Tijuana where penniless deportees might be able to get thorough mental health treatment is called Hospital de Salud Mental, a lime-green building with curving stairways near the border.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But to access those services, they need to have Mexican health insurance,\u003cem> el seguro popular, \u003c/em>which many deportees don't. And most don't have the documents needed to apply for it.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The director of hospitalizations at the Hospital de Salud Mental, Hector Paredes, said he has seen an increase in deportees suffering from chronic depression, anxiety, panic attacks and psychosis.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"When a person is exposed to intense stress, like a deportation, it can cause changes in state of mind, in thinking, in perception -- and it has a fundamental biological component,\" he said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>He said the stress of a deportation is more likely to cause chemical brain changes if individuals do not receive adequate treatment right away. He said all deportees should be evaluated for possible mental health problems.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The National Migrations Institute sometimes brings severely disturbed deportees to the hospital, but hospital experts are currently training migration officials to detect more subtle problems, such as depression and anxiety.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"It's important to follow up with this population,\" he said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>The Self-Medication Problem\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Carlos Correa, a psychologist at Tijuana’s CETYS University who worked with deportees in El Bordo, said many deportees turn to drugs to self-medicate because they see no other option.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>He said some developed addictions because underlying depression and other mental health problems went untreated.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"What starts as a process of grief turns into a chronic condition when there is no medicine or service available,\" he said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>He said the deportation in and of itself can be a traumatic experience. Many of his patients report being mistreated by U.S. immigration authorities, whom Correa believes are partly to blame for Tijuana's mental health crisis.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"We can avoid damaging the minds of these deportees by adding just a little bit of humanity to the process,\" he said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Deportee Recovers\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Carlos Guzman Garcia, 34, was deported from San Diego last year, after living north of the border for more than two decades.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>He moved into El Bordo because it was the only place he felt safe. He said that he was afraid to wander around the streets because every time he did, the Tijuana police would stop him.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"The police right here, if you don't have an ID with you, they take you to jail,\" he said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>He said he was the routine target of police because of a large tattoo on his neck that displays the name of his daughter.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>He said it was the pain of being separated from her, as well as the difficulty of life south of the border, that caused him to turn to heroin and methamphetamine.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"I was so depressed I was using drugs,\" he said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_10555636\" class=\"wp-caption alignright\" style=\"max-width: 800px\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2015/06/RS15416_Screen-Shot-2015-05-25-at-11.16.03-AM-qut.jpg\">\u003cimg class=\"size-medium wp-image-10555636\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2015/06/RS15416_Screen-Shot-2015-05-25-at-11.16.03-AM-qut-800x450.jpg\" alt=\"Carlos Guzman Garcia talks about how he recovered from depression and drug addiction that developed when he was deported from San Diego.\" width=\"800\" height=\"450\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2015/06/RS15416_Screen-Shot-2015-05-25-at-11.16.03-AM-qut-800x450.jpg 800w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2015/06/RS15416_Screen-Shot-2015-05-25-at-11.16.03-AM-qut-400x225.jpg 400w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2015/06/RS15416_Screen-Shot-2015-05-25-at-11.16.03-AM-qut-1440x810.jpg 1440w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2015/06/RS15416_Screen-Shot-2015-05-25-at-11.16.03-AM-qut-1180x664.jpg 1180w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2015/06/RS15416_Screen-Shot-2015-05-25-at-11.16.03-AM-qut-960x540.jpg 960w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2015/06/RS15416_Screen-Shot-2015-05-25-at-11.16.03-AM-qut.jpg 1920w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Carlos Guzman Garcia talks about how he recovered from depression and drug addiction that developed when he was deported from San Diego. \u003ccite>(Katie Schoolov/KPBS)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>But his life changed when he met volunteer psychologist Ponciano. She gave him therapy and encouraged him to find a job.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Guzman said Ponciano helped him regain his self-confidence.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"When you see a person who helps you believe in yourself, and tells you that you can do anything, and that she's going to help you … you change,\" he said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>He has since stopped using drugs.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad floatright]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"We’re not garbage here. We're just another human being. We really want to make it. We just need help, that's all.\"\u003c/p>\n\n",
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"excerpt": "Surge in U.S. deportations strains Mexican mental health resources, as distressed returnees try to adapt.",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>Cuauhtemoc Martinez tried to kill himself six months after he was deported from the U.S., where he had lived as long as he could remember. He threw himself in front of a speeding car in Ensenada, and woke up in the hospital with gashes and bruises all over his body. He said he still sometimes wishes he had died.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"I wake up with nightmares, sweats and everything,\" he said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Martinez, 32, is among a rising number of Mexican deportees suffering from clinical depression, anxiety and other mental health problems. Few are receiving treatment.\u003c/p>\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003cspan class='utils-parseShortcode-shortcodes-__youtubeShortcode__embedYoutube'>\n \u003cspan class='utils-parseShortcode-shortcodes-__youtubeShortcode__embedYoutubeInside'>\n \u003ciframe\n loading='lazy'\n class='utils-parseShortcode-shortcodes-__youtubeShortcode__youtubePlayer'\n type='text/html'\n src='//www.youtube.com/embed/bf8x2rLsLFI'\n title='//www.youtube.com/embed/bf8x2rLsLFI'\n allowfullscreen='true'\n style='border:0;'>\u003c/iframe>\n \u003c/span>\n \u003c/span>\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003cp>The \u003ca href=\"http://www.pewresearch.org/fact-tank/2014/10/02/u-s-deportations-of-immigrants-reach-record-high-in-2013/\" target=\"_blank\">largest wave of deportations in U.S. history\u003c/a> -- more than 2 million since 2008 -- has been putting a strain on mental health resources in Tijuana, which receives at least 40 percent of the deportees the U.S. returns to Mexico.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In some cases, psychological problems are pre-existing. But mental health experts say more often the diseases start after deportation. The stress of being separated from families, jobs and homes in the U.S. can turn into a full-blown mental health problem when combined with the hostile environment that returnees may encounter south of the border.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Martinez had worked as a supervisor at a Utah food packaging plant, but he couldn't get a job in Mexico after he was deported. He had no papers, and there seemed to be no record of his birth in his home state, the State of Mexico.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003cdiv class='utils-parseShortcode-shortcodes-__shortcodes__shortcodeWrapper'>\n \u003ciframe width='100%' height='166'\n scrolling='no' frameborder='no'\n src='https://w.soundcloud.com/player/?url=https://api.soundcloud.com/tracks/211133967&visual=true&color=ff5500&auto_play=false&hide_related=false&show_comments=true&show_user=true&show_reposts=false'\n title='https://api.soundcloud.com/tracks/211133967'>\n \u003c/iframe>\n \u003c/div>\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>He wound up taking informal construction jobs. But the arduous manual labor gave him asthma attacks and left him feeling exhausted. He said local police robbed him of all his money the day before he tried to kill himself.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"I was scared,\" he said. \"I'm still scared. Sometimes I wake up scared.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>When he was recovering from his injuries at a Tijuana migrant shelter called Desayunador Salesiano, Martinez started seeing volunteer psychologist Maria Rosa Ponciano for therapy. He was walking with a cane.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_10555638\" class=\"wp-caption alignright\" style=\"max-width: 800px\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2015/06/RS15414_Screen-Shot-2015-05-25-at-11.13.36-AM-qut.jpg\">\u003cimg class=\"size-medium wp-image-10555638\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2015/06/RS15414_Screen-Shot-2015-05-25-at-11.13.36-AM-qut-800x450.jpg\" alt=\"Cuauhtemoc Martinez, a deportee suffering from depression, sees a psychotherapist at a Tijuana migrant shelter.\" width=\"800\" height=\"450\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2015/06/RS15414_Screen-Shot-2015-05-25-at-11.13.36-AM-qut-800x450.jpg 800w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2015/06/RS15414_Screen-Shot-2015-05-25-at-11.13.36-AM-qut-400x225.jpg 400w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2015/06/RS15414_Screen-Shot-2015-05-25-at-11.13.36-AM-qut-1440x810.jpg 1440w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2015/06/RS15414_Screen-Shot-2015-05-25-at-11.13.36-AM-qut-1180x664.jpg 1180w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2015/06/RS15414_Screen-Shot-2015-05-25-at-11.13.36-AM-qut-960x540.jpg 960w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2015/06/RS15414_Screen-Shot-2015-05-25-at-11.13.36-AM-qut.jpg 1920w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Cuauhtemoc Martinez, a deportee suffering from depression, sees a psychotherapist at a Tijuana migrant shelter. \u003ccite>(Katie Schoolov/KPBS)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Ponciano helped him obtain his birth certificate. It was then that he learned his real first name: Cuauhtemoc, the name of the last Aztec ruler to fight the Spanish conquistadors. In the U.S., he went by Luis. He thought that was his real name. That’s why it was so hard to find his official documents.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>He hates the name Cuauhtemoc, but Ponciano insists on calling him that, hoping it will encourage him to develop a new sense of identity. She says few deportees are patriotic.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"They tell me, 'I don't want to be Mexican anymore!'\" Ponciano said. \"Because here they treat them worse than they did in the U.S.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Ponciano said the sense of rejection from both Mexico and the U.S. sometimes makes her patients feel they have no identity at all. Sometimes, she said, this makes them suicidal.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"They feel they're people without a right to live,\" she said. \"That's how I hear them: 'I'm worthless. I can't go over there. I can't be here. What am I here for? I want to die.'\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Volunteer Psychologist Saves Deportee\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>When Martinez was first deported, he occasionally slept in El Bordo, a homeless encampment along the Tijuana river canal that has since been evacuated. He didn't have a job yet and had nowhere else to go.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>This spring, in the latest response to the Tijuana mental health crisis, the local mayor \u003ca href=\"http://www.kpbs.org/news/2015/apr/13/tijuana-homeless-get-compulsory-treatment/\" target=\"_blank\">sent the hundreds of people who were living in El Bordo to drug rehabilitation centers\u003c/a> for mandatory addiction treatment.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Martinez was no longer living there when that happened. When he met Ponciano last December, she told him he could stay in a once-abandoned building her family owns in Playas de Tijuana, in exchange for cleaning it up.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>He said he has never used illegal drugs, and that the sight of people using heroin and methamphetamine around him when he was staying in El Bordo compounded his fear.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Even now that he has a job and a place to stay, he sometimes feels overwhelmed with depression because of how much he misses the U.S.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"Sometimes I go over to the third floor and I see the ocean, I see the cars, how they're living a great life,\" he said. \"And me? I'm miserable. I'm miserable in Mexico. I look down from the building and say, I can just end my life right now.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>He said antidepressants make him feel better, but they're expensive, and he often runs out of them. He said he only feels okay when he's keeping busy.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"I don't think about the U.S. much when I'm working,\" he said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Ponciano said she often prescribes occupational therapy to the deportees she treats.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"So that they'll feel useful,\" she said. \"So they know they’re not garbage from the U.S. Because that's how they feel.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Migrant Shelters Improvise Solutions\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>On a recent evening at the shelter, more than a dozen deportees sat at a long table putting the finishing touches on homemade puppets they were making: gluing eyes on sponges shaped like heads, inserting clothespins for mouths that open and close, and making their creations speak both English and Spanish.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Rev. Oscar Torres, the director of Desayunador Salesiano, said an increase in deportees with mental health problems and the lack of formal infrastructure to treat them forced the shelter to improvise new ways to help.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_10555637\" class=\"wp-caption alignright\" style=\"max-width: 800px\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2015/06/RS15417_Screen-Shot-2015-05-25-at-11.15.06-AM-qut.jpg\">\u003cimg class=\"size-medium wp-image-10555637\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2015/06/RS15417_Screen-Shot-2015-05-25-at-11.15.06-AM-qut-800x450.jpg\" alt=\"Deportees participate in a contemplative dance workshop at a Tijuana migrant shelter.\" width=\"800\" height=\"450\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2015/06/RS15417_Screen-Shot-2015-05-25-at-11.15.06-AM-qut-800x450.jpg 800w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2015/06/RS15417_Screen-Shot-2015-05-25-at-11.15.06-AM-qut-400x225.jpg 400w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2015/06/RS15417_Screen-Shot-2015-05-25-at-11.15.06-AM-qut-1440x810.jpg 1440w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2015/06/RS15417_Screen-Shot-2015-05-25-at-11.15.06-AM-qut-1180x664.jpg 1180w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2015/06/RS15417_Screen-Shot-2015-05-25-at-11.15.06-AM-qut-960x540.jpg 960w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2015/06/RS15417_Screen-Shot-2015-05-25-at-11.15.06-AM-qut.jpg 1920w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Deportees participate in a contemplative dance workshop at a Tijuana migrant shelter. \u003ccite>(Nicholas McVicker/KPBS)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>The shelter has started several workshops, including contemplative dance, painting, sewing and the puppetry class to keep their clients' minds occupied.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"If we want to attend the deportation problem at a human level, we have to attend them at emotional and psychological levels,\" Torres said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Another migrant shelter,\u003ca href=\"http://www.kpbs.org/news/2015/mar/18/deportees-seek-work-tijuana-after-decades-us/\" target=\"_blank\"> Casa del Migrante, has hired a full-time psychologist\u003c/a> to deal with the perceived increase in mental health problems among visitors.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>One Psychiatric Hospital\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The only psychiatric hospital in Tijuana where penniless deportees might be able to get thorough mental health treatment is called Hospital de Salud Mental, a lime-green building with curving stairways near the border.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But to access those services, they need to have Mexican health insurance,\u003cem> el seguro popular, \u003c/em>which many deportees don't. And most don't have the documents needed to apply for it.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The director of hospitalizations at the Hospital de Salud Mental, Hector Paredes, said he has seen an increase in deportees suffering from chronic depression, anxiety, panic attacks and psychosis.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"When a person is exposed to intense stress, like a deportation, it can cause changes in state of mind, in thinking, in perception -- and it has a fundamental biological component,\" he said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>He said the stress of a deportation is more likely to cause chemical brain changes if individuals do not receive adequate treatment right away. He said all deportees should be evaluated for possible mental health problems.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The National Migrations Institute sometimes brings severely disturbed deportees to the hospital, but hospital experts are currently training migration officials to detect more subtle problems, such as depression and anxiety.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"It's important to follow up with this population,\" he said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>The Self-Medication Problem\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Carlos Correa, a psychologist at Tijuana’s CETYS University who worked with deportees in El Bordo, said many deportees turn to drugs to self-medicate because they see no other option.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>He said some developed addictions because underlying depression and other mental health problems went untreated.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"What starts as a process of grief turns into a chronic condition when there is no medicine or service available,\" he said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>He said the deportation in and of itself can be a traumatic experience. Many of his patients report being mistreated by U.S. immigration authorities, whom Correa believes are partly to blame for Tijuana's mental health crisis.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"We can avoid damaging the minds of these deportees by adding just a little bit of humanity to the process,\" he said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Deportee Recovers\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Carlos Guzman Garcia, 34, was deported from San Diego last year, after living north of the border for more than two decades.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>He moved into El Bordo because it was the only place he felt safe. He said that he was afraid to wander around the streets because every time he did, the Tijuana police would stop him.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"The police right here, if you don't have an ID with you, they take you to jail,\" he said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>He said he was the routine target of police because of a large tattoo on his neck that displays the name of his daughter.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>He said it was the pain of being separated from her, as well as the difficulty of life south of the border, that caused him to turn to heroin and methamphetamine.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"I was so depressed I was using drugs,\" he said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_10555636\" class=\"wp-caption alignright\" style=\"max-width: 800px\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2015/06/RS15416_Screen-Shot-2015-05-25-at-11.16.03-AM-qut.jpg\">\u003cimg class=\"size-medium wp-image-10555636\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2015/06/RS15416_Screen-Shot-2015-05-25-at-11.16.03-AM-qut-800x450.jpg\" alt=\"Carlos Guzman Garcia talks about how he recovered from depression and drug addiction that developed when he was deported from San Diego.\" width=\"800\" height=\"450\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2015/06/RS15416_Screen-Shot-2015-05-25-at-11.16.03-AM-qut-800x450.jpg 800w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2015/06/RS15416_Screen-Shot-2015-05-25-at-11.16.03-AM-qut-400x225.jpg 400w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2015/06/RS15416_Screen-Shot-2015-05-25-at-11.16.03-AM-qut-1440x810.jpg 1440w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2015/06/RS15416_Screen-Shot-2015-05-25-at-11.16.03-AM-qut-1180x664.jpg 1180w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2015/06/RS15416_Screen-Shot-2015-05-25-at-11.16.03-AM-qut-960x540.jpg 960w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2015/06/RS15416_Screen-Shot-2015-05-25-at-11.16.03-AM-qut.jpg 1920w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Carlos Guzman Garcia talks about how he recovered from depression and drug addiction that developed when he was deported from San Diego. \u003ccite>(Katie Schoolov/KPBS)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>But his life changed when he met volunteer psychologist Ponciano. She gave him therapy and encouraged him to find a job.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Guzman said Ponciano helped him regain his self-confidence.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"When you see a person who helps you believe in yourself, and tells you that you can do anything, and that she's going to help you … you change,\" he said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>He has since stopped using drugs.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cp>The call comes in from a high-rise complex on Third Avenue in mid-city Los Angeles: A woman is again throwing items from her ninth-floor apartment balcony. On this day, it’s a large picture frame, its glass now shattered in the courtyard below.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>A special LAPD team joins patrol officers on the scene. In the hallway outside the apartment, Officer Dennis Nguyen meets with supervising Detective Jim Hoffman and tells him that the woman inside is acting “a bit erratic.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“She's been standing up, sitting down, making furtive movements,” he tells Hoffman before heading back into the apartment.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[soundcloud url=\"https://api.soundcloud.com/tracks/200246673\" params=\"color=ff5500&auto_play=false&hide_related=false&show_comments=true&show_user=true&show_reposts=false\" width=\"100%\" height=\"166\" iframe=\"true\" /]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Rather than arrest the woman, Nguyen and his partner — a mental health clinician — talk with her in an attempt to calm her down. Eventually, their efforts pay off: The woman agrees to allow the pair to take her to a hospital, where she’s placed on a 72-hour psychiatric hold.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The incident marks another successful intervention for the LAPD’s Mental Evaluation Unit, a nationally renowned operation that's credited with defusing potentially explosive encounters with people in the midst of a mental health crisis. The unit's work also results in the diversion of hundreds of people each year to treatment instead of jail.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"http://www.scpr.org/news/2015/03/09/50245/police-and-the-mentally-ill-lapd-unit-praised-as-m/\">\u003cstrong>\u003cem>Read the full story at KPCC\u003c/em>\u003c/strong>\u003c/a>\u003c/p>\n\n",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>The call comes in from a high-rise complex on Third Avenue in mid-city Los Angeles: A woman is again throwing items from her ninth-floor apartment balcony. On this day, it’s a large picture frame, its glass now shattered in the courtyard below.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>A special LAPD team joins patrol officers on the scene. In the hallway outside the apartment, Officer Dennis Nguyen meets with supervising Detective Jim Hoffman and tells him that the woman inside is acting “a bit erratic.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“She's been standing up, sitting down, making furtive movements,” he tells Hoffman before heading back into the apartment.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003cdiv class='utils-parseShortcode-shortcodes-__shortcodes__shortcodeWrapper'>\n \u003ciframe width='100%' height='166'\n scrolling='no' frameborder='no'\n src='https://w.soundcloud.com/player/?url=https://api.soundcloud.com/tracks/200246673&visual=true&color=ff5500&auto_play=false&hide_related=false&show_comments=true&show_user=true&show_reposts=false'\n title='https://api.soundcloud.com/tracks/200246673'>\n \u003c/iframe>\n \u003c/div>\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Rather than arrest the woman, Nguyen and his partner — a mental health clinician — talk with her in an attempt to calm her down. Eventually, their efforts pay off: The woman agrees to allow the pair to take her to a hospital, where she’s placed on a 72-hour psychiatric hold.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The incident marks another successful intervention for the LAPD’s Mental Evaluation Unit, a nationally renowned operation that's credited with defusing potentially explosive encounters with people in the midst of a mental health crisis. The unit's work also results in the diversion of hundreds of people each year to treatment instead of jail.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"http://www.scpr.org/news/2015/03/09/50245/police-and-the-mentally-ill-lapd-unit-praised-as-m/\">\u003cstrong>\u003cem>Read the full story at KPCC\u003c/em>\u003c/strong>\u003c/a>\u003c/p>\n\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>",
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"slug": "half-of-those-killed-by-san-francisco-police-are-mentally-ill",
"title": "More Than Half of Those Killed by San Francisco Police Are Mentally Ill",
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"headTitle": "More Than Half of Those Killed by San Francisco Police Are Mentally Ill | KQED",
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"content": "\u003cp>\u003c!-- iframe plugin v.4.3 wordpress.org/plugins/iframe/ -->\u003cbr>\n\u003ciframe loading=\"lazy\" width=\"100%\" height=\"20\" scrolling=\"no\" frameborder=\"no\" src=\"https://w.soundcloud.com/player/?url=https%3A//api.soundcloud.com/tracks/170360914&color=ff5500&inverse=false&auto_play=false&show_user=true\" class=\"iframe-class\">\u003c/iframe>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Often it starts with a call for help. A family member, a caretaker or even a stranger dials 911 seeking paramedics to treat someone in a psychiatric crisis. But when there’s a threat of violence, the first responders are usually police, and what started as a call for help can quickly turn deadly for a person with a treatable illness.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>That’s what happened when Christine Goias called 911 seeking help for her son, 34-year-old Errol Chang, who was in the midst of a schizophrenic breakdown at his father’s Pacifica home in March.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“He has paranoia and he’s thinking people are wanting to assassinate him, and now he doesn’t trust anyone,” Goias \u003ca href=\"http://www.mercurynews.com/News/ci_25883634/San-Mateo-County-DA:-Officers-justified\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">told the dispatcher\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003caside class=\"pullquote alignleft\">A KQED review of San Francisco officer-involved shootings between 2005 and 2013 found that 58 percent of people killed by police had a mental illness that was a contributing factor in the incident.\u003c/aside>\n\u003cp>She said her son wouldn’t go with them in the car and, in response to a question, said that he had a “little ax” in his pocket. “I hoped that they would be able to come and help us to take him to the hospital,” Goias said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Errol’s brother, Matt Chang, said that when police arrived he was with Errol in the backyard, trying to calm him down. Responding officers from Pacifica were trained in crisis intervention, according to San Mateo District Attorney Steve Wagstaffe’s \u003ca href=\"http://www.scribd.com/doc/241406747/San-Mateo-DA-Review-of-Errol-Chang-Shooting-5-30-2014\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">review of the incident\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Matt Chang said police told his brother they were there to help, and his brother responded that he didn’t want their help.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>A series of escalations led Chang to barricade himself inside the house. The \u003ca href=\"http://www.mercurynews.com/san-mateo-county-times/ci_25378394/pacifica-man-shot-by-police-hours-after-release\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Daly City SWAT team arrived\u003c/a> with assault rifles and an armored car.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>According to the DA review, police were worried Chang might find a .22-caliber rifle and ammunition hidden separately in the house. The SWAT team held their assault rifles trained on the house and took cover behind the armored car.\u003c/p>\n\u003caside class=\"left\">\n\u003ch3>\u003ca href=\"#data\">Search database of police killings\u003c/a>\u003c/h3>\n\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"#data\">\u003cimg decoding=\"async\" src=\"http://u.s.kqed.net/2014/09/30/ScreenShot20140930at9.png\" alt=\"\">\u003c/a>\u003c/p>\n\u003c/aside>\n\u003cp>Over a loudspeaker, \u003ca href=\"https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=0sEWGwXHMh0\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">an officer droned a repeated message\u003c/a> for Chang to come outside. No response. Police threw flash-bang grenades into the house trying to scare Chang outside and, at one point, threw a phone through the window, but Chang didn’t answer it.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“People with schizophrenia, they’re afraid people are trying to hurt them, which is why my brother was armed,” Matt Chang said. “They need to feel safe. Holding 20 AR-15s at this person, with a tank and all the stuff, and then throwing flash grenades, it doesn’t make them feel safe.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>More than six hours after Goias called 911, Daly City SWAT officers breached the house. Chang had built a barricade in the hallway. Two officers climbed over a mattress and furniture and ran into Chang, who was now holding a knife and stabbed an officer in the arm.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The SWAT officers shot Chang eight times in the chest, killing him.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The DA review found the shooting was legally justified, and commended the two officers involved in the shooting for their attempts to avoid that outcome.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>And, Again\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Less than three months after Errol Chang was killed, 18-year-old Yanira Serrano-Garcia was shot and killed by a San Mateo sheriff’s deputy in Half Moon Bay, 14 miles south of Pacifica.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_149035\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 640px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"wp-image-149035 size-medium\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2015/09/IMG_1939-640x435.jpg\" alt=\"Family members and supporters of Yanira Serrano-Garcia spread flowers around the spot where she was killed near Half Moon Bay. (Alex Emslie/KQED)\" width=\"640\" height=\"435\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2015/09/IMG_1939-640x435.jpg 640w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2015/09/IMG_1939-1028x699.jpg 1028w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 640px) 100vw, 640px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Family members and supporters of Yanira Serrano-Garcia spread flowers around the spot where she was killed near Half Moon Bay. (Alex Emslie/KQED)\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Serrano-Garcia’s brother called seeking medical help. His sister was refusing to take medication prescribed for schizophrenia and was arguing with her parents.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But before sheriff’s Deputy Menh Trieu arrived at the family home, Serrano-Garcia took her medication and had calmed down, according to her brother’s \u003ca href=\"https://soundcloud.com/kqed/yanira-serrano-garcia-911-call-audio-june-3-2014\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">statements to the dispatcher\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>According to the \u003ca href=\"http://www.scribd.com/doc/239226401/San-Mateo-District-Attorney-2014-08-18-OIS-Letter-Sheriff-Munks\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">San Mateo DA’s review\u003c/a> of the shooting, when the deputy arrived, Serrano-Garcia burst off the porch and chased him with a kitchen knife. He fired a single shot into her torso, killing her.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“They not only killed Yanira, they killed the entire family,” Serrano-Garcia’s mother, Carmen Garcia, told reporters in Spanish, at a press conference announcing \u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/news/2014/9/10/lawsuit-police-shooting-half-moon-bay/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">a civil rights lawsuit\u003c/a> against San Mateo County and Trieu. “The goal is to prevent any other family from suffering this kind of pain.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The DA review found the shooting was \u003ca href=\"http://www.sfgate.com/crime/article/DA-Police-shooting-near-Half-Moon-Bay-justified-5695981.php\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">legally justified.\u003c/a>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>By The Numbers\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Shootings like these have recently gained national attention. The fatal shooting in March of a man with a history of mental illness in Albuquerque, New Mexico, led to explosive street protests and preceded the U.S. Department of Justice’s \u003ca href=\"http://www.justice.gov/crt/about/spl/documents/apd_findings_4-10-14.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">findings\u003c/a> that the city’s police department was too quick to use force on mentally ill people.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"alignleft wp-image-149036 size-full\" style=\"margin-right: 20px;margin-top: 16px\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2015/09/CITcharts.png\" alt=\"CITcharts\" width=\"286\" height=\"484\">\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>A 2013 \u003ca href=\"http://tacreports.org/storage/documents/2013-justifiable-homicides.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">report\u003c/a> by the Treatment Advocacy Center and National Sheriffs’ Association estimates half of the people shot and killed by police in the U.S. “have mental health problems,” and as many as one-third of officer-involved shootings are attempted “suicides-by-cop.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>According to a media review, this year in the Bay Area there have been at least seven fatal police shootings of people in psychiatric crisis.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Additionally, a KQED review of 51 San Francisco officer-involved shootings between 2005 and 2013 found that 58 percent — or 11 people — of the 19 individuals killed by police had a mental illness that was a contributing factor in the incident.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>There are common elements in many of these instances when a fragile situation turns life-threatening for a person in crisis: That person often has a weapon, police issue commands, the person becomes more agitated, police respond with force.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>That very police response, however, is the subject of a civil rights lawsuit stemming from a non-fatal shooting by SFPD in 2008. The outcome of the case could expand the rights of the mentally ill in confrontations with police.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>The Mission District Case\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>It seemed obvious from her behavior in August 2008 that Teresa Sheehan hadn’t been taking her medication. She had been wearing the same clothes for a week and had stopped eating, according to comments a social worker gave to police.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Sheehan’s own \u003ca href=\"http://www.scribd.com/doc/241408998/Teresa-Sheehan-Complaint\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">lawsuit\u003c/a> says she had stopped showing up for house meetings at the Mission District co-op for people with mental illness, where she lived.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>According to a \u003ca href=\"http://www.scribd.com/doc/241410111/SFPD-Report-on-Sheehan-OIS-12-8-2009\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">report\u003c/a> to the city’s police commission, when the social worker entered Sheehan’s room one morning to check on her, she threatened to stab him.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The report says when police arrived, she threatened them, too. They withdrew into the hallway, and she locked herself in her room.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[soundcloud url=”https://api.soundcloud.com/tracks/169983711″ params=”color=ff5500&auto_play=false&hide_related=false&show_comments=true&show_user=true&show_reposts=false” width=”100%” height=”166″ iframe=”true” /]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Officers then prepared to re-enter her room by force, the report says. They drew their guns. They broke in her door. Sheehan had the knife over her head, and she began advancing toward them.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>According to the police report, when Sheehan was about 3 feet away, Officer Katherine Holder shot her. Sgt. Kimberly Reynolds shot her. Sheehan then fell down, says the lawsuit, or she lunged, says the police report. Reynolds shot her again.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Sheehan survived and was charged with multiple counts of assault. A jury cleared her. She filed a federal civil rights suit alleging violations of the Constitution and the Americans with Disabilities Act.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Here’s the question before the court: If police know they are dealing with a person with mental illness, and they use confrontational tactics that can agitate the person, are they violating the Americans with Disabilities Act?\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The 9th U.S. Circuit Court of Appeals \u003ca href=\"http://cdn.ca9.uscourts.gov/datastore/opinions/2014/02/21/11-16401.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">ruled\u003c/a> that the ADA applies to police conduct when arresting people with mental illness. That ruling was appealed to the U.S. Supreme Court, which has not decided whether it will hear the case.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>If the 9th Circuit’s ruling stands, it could require police departments to provide specialized training to officers in how to interact with people with mental illness, said Ben Nisenbaum, Sheehan’s attorney.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“You’ve got to be trained in how to deal with people who suffer mental disabilities,” he said. “It’s not something that’s kind of optional.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The state of California doesn’t require police to have special training in responding to psychiatric crises. Even so, most large Bay Area police departments have adopted a model aimed at reducing fatalities and diverting people with mental illness away from the criminal justice system and into treatment. It’s called a \u003ca href=\"http://www.acgov.org/board/bos_calendar/documents/DocsAgendaReg_4_11_13/PUBLIC%20PROTECTION/Regular%20Calendar/Overview_CIT.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Crisis Intervention Team\u003c/a>, or CIT.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Crisis Intervention Team\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The Oakland Police Department hosts CIT training for all Alameda County law enforcement departments that have CIT programs.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>At a training earlier this year, Oakland police Officer Doria Neff, the department’s CIT coordinator, didn’t waste time introducing the goals of the course to a room full of cops, deputies and probation officers.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_149041\" class=\"wp-caption alignright\" style=\"max-width: 400px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"wp-image-149041\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2015/09/IMG_1195-640x532.jpg\" alt=\"Officers who have gone through CIT training wear this pin on their uniform. (Alex Emslie/KQED)\" width=\"400\" height=\"333\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2015/09/IMG_1195-640x532.jpg 640w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2015/09/IMG_1195-1028x855.jpg 1028w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 400px) 100vw, 400px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Officers who have gone through CIT training wear this pin on their uniform. (Alex Emslie/KQED)\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>“Am I going to ask you to become a social worker? Absolutely not — that’s not our role,” she said. “Do I ask that you open your eyes a little bit and be a little bit more empathetic to folks with mental health challenges? Yes.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>At the police academy, officers get six hours on people with disabilities. Neff told the class CIT training is like that, on steroids. For the rest of the week, officers got a crash course in psychological disorders, psychiatric medication, street drugs and de-escalation.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Officer Jeff Shannon, Berkeley Police Department’s CIT coordinator, teaches that part of the class.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“De-escalation is a cornerstone of the training,” he said, “because we know the vast majority of police interactions can be managed without the use of physical force.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Shannon is also a licensed therapist who spent 15 years working with people in crisis in the community mental health system before becoming a police officer. He didn’t learn about CIT until after becoming an cop. He wrote the proposal for Berkeley to adopt the program, which they did in 2011 when Oakland hosted its first class.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“The way that we ask officers to calm people down is to be a calming force themselves,” Shannon said. “That starts with the tone and inflection of your voice and your nonverbal behavior.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Officers in CIT class learn that nonverbal cues — like speaking in a soft voice, slowing down and resting a hand at one’s side instead of on one’s gun — are likely more important that what they’re saying. The reason has to do with the hierarchy of the human brain.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Berkeley clinical psychologist Mitch Radin teaches that, in a crisis, the more evolved, cognitive parts of the brain get overruled by the more primitive amygdala, which is responsible for emotional reactions.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“You can only hope for agreement, not understanding,” Radin said.\u003c/p>\n\u003caside class=\"pullquote alignleft\">“I don’t think police officers would be dealing with these mental health crisis situations nearly as much if there were more resources out there.” \u003ccite>Mitch Radin, Berkeley psychologist \u003c/cite>\u003c/aside>\n\u003cp>Radin asked the class why police officers generally dislike responding to mental health calls. The answers varied: “They’re unpredictable.” “What’s the point? They’re going to be out before I finish the paperwork.” “The frustration is with the lack of resources to give them what they need.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>That last response rings true for Radin.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“The mental health system in America is distressing,” he said during a class break, and after a sigh of frustration. “I don’t think police officers would be dealing with these mental health crisis situations nearly as much if there were more resources out there.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Few departments, if any, track how often officers respond to mental health crises. But, anecdotally, officers often report they respond to more 5150 calls every year. That’s shorthand for \u003ca href=\"http://www.leginfo.ca.gov/cgi-bin/displaycode?section=wic&group=05001-06000&file=5150-5155\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">California’s Welfare and Institutions Code 5150\u003c/a>, which allows peace officers and some mental health workers to take a person into custody who is a danger to themselves or others due to a mental illness.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Shannon says he has responded to hundreds of these calls.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“If I’m on a 10-hour patrol shift, there’s a good chance I’m going to place someone on a 5150 hold,” he said, “and sometimes it’s just call after call that seems to be someone in a psychiatric emergency.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[soundcloud url=”https://api.soundcloud.com/tracks/170354468″ params=”color=ff5500&auto_play=false&hide_related=false&show_comments=true&show_user=true&show_reposts=false” width=”100%” height=”166″ iframe=”true” /]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Crisis Intervention Training has been around since 1988, when it was developed in Memphis, Tennessee, after an officer-involved shooting of a man with mental illness.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The goal of the \u003ca href=\"http://cit.memphis.edu/pdf/CoreElements.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Memphis Model\u003c/a> is to establish a specialized unit of officers with in-depth training in mental illness and in tactics more likely to resolve incidents without injury. CIT also aims to strengthen relationships between police and mental health providers so officers can more easily take people in for treatment instead of to jail.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>It’s not new, but departments in the Bay Area are just beginning to implement it.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Slow Uptake at the SFPD\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The San Francisco Police Department adopted the Memphis Model of CIT in 2011, after three years in a row in which every person killed in a police shooting had a mental illness.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But it’s clear implementing the program hasn’t been fast or easy.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Three and a half years into the program, the department has trained about 18 percent of its patrol officers. Ideally, somewhere between 20 and 25 percent of officers are trained, with the goal of at least one trained officer at each station for each shift.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_149048\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 640px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-medium wp-image-149048\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2015/09/SFPD_Officer_Elizabeth_Prillinger-640x628.jpg\" alt=\"SFPD Officer Elizabeth Prillinger is one of the officers who has gone through the training. (Rachael Bale/KQED)\" width=\"640\" height=\"628\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2015/09/SFPD_Officer_Elizabeth_Prillinger-640x628.jpg 640w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2015/09/SFPD_Officer_Elizabeth_Prillinger-1028x1009.jpg 1028w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2015/09/SFPD_Officer_Elizabeth_Prillinger-32x32.jpg 32w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2015/09/SFPD_Officer_Elizabeth_Prillinger-64x64.jpg 64w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2015/09/SFPD_Officer_Elizabeth_Prillinger-75x75.jpg 75w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 640px) 100vw, 640px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">SFPD Officer Elizabeth Prillinger is one of the San Francisco officers who has gone through CIT training. (Rachael Bale/KQED)\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Finding the right officers for the training hasn’t been easy, and that’s true anywhere, said Major Sam Cochran, who founded CIT while at the Memphis Police Department.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“There are some officers that are not ready to be CIT officers,” said Cochran, who is now at the University of Memphis. “They don’t have the experience. Some officers don’t have the maturity level.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In some cities, like Berkeley, the program is so valued that officers must compete to get in. But as it launched in San Francisco, few officers volunteered, and station chiefs simply had to choose who got sent to training. Cochran says it’s the the role of a police chief to elevate the status of the team so officers want to be a part of it.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“That chief needs to make sure that those men and women understand that they have an identity and that they have a role,” Cochran said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[soundcloud url=”https://api.soundcloud.com/tracks/170355922″ params=”color=ff5500&auto_play=false&hide_related=false&show_comments=true&show_user=true&show_reposts=false” width=”100%” height=”166″ iframe=”true” /]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Cochran’s model calls for CIT to be a specially trained and cohesive team within the department. In an interview with KQED, San Francisco Police Chief Greg Suhr said he’d prefer it not to be a separate team.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Police officers by nature find niches,” Suhr said. “I don’t want cops to find a niche and be expert on what they do and don’t do. I want them to do it all.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>That’s how SFPD Commander Richard Corriea once felt. He’s the third person to lead SFPD’s Crisis Intervention Team in three years.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“I’m a convert on the issue of team,” he said. “I think it inspires officers who are engaged in this. They have a special skill. It makes them feel part of something. And the outcome is better and better service.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>A team creates a feedback loop, said Angela Chan, a former police commissioner who spearheaded the program. The unit is supposed to learn from each response. It allows officers perfect their skills, share information with other CIT officers and establish strong relationships with mental health providers.\u003c/p>\n\u003caside class=\"pullquote alignleft\">“I don’t want cops to find a niche and be expert on what they do and don’t do. I want them to do it all.” \u003ccite>Greg Suhr, S.F. Police Chief \u003c/cite>\u003c/aside>\n\u003cp>But in the beginning that didn’t happen much, say mental health advocates — not when the role of the team wasn’t fully supported inside the department, and so few officers were trained. Added to that, there was also no official way to dispatch CIT officers to a scene.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>While the Police Commission resolution called for 911 operator training and CIT dispatch protocols, getting that to happen wasn’t easy.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>San Francisco operators at 911 are under the Department of Emergency Management, not SFPD, and DEM’s policy is not to make changes to how it dispatches SFPD officers until it gets a directive from the police department itself.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“What they’ve explained all along is that they follow the direction of the San Francisco Police Department, and so whenever SFPD is ready, they’re ready,” said Chan.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>SFPD wasn’t ready for more than three years. In late April 2014, Suhr issued the directive. Now, 911 operators are trained to recognize CIT-appropriate calls and to issue certain radio codes to send a CIT officer to the scene.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>It’s hard to know whether CIT is helping reduce violent encounters between police and people with mental illness. Data collection — also mandated by the resolution — has taken a back seat as the department worked to catch up on training officers and creating a dispatch policy, which it has done under Corriea’s leadership.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Studies from elsewhere indicate CIT shows promise in reducing fatal incidents. One 2008 study published in the journal Psychology Services found CIT officers were less likely to use force, even when facing a threat of violence.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>An Internal Affairs review shows that in the first three years of the program, three of the seven people killed in San Francisco police shootings had a mental illness. That’s about the national average, which includes departments with and without CIT.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Several years down the road, SFPD has now trained a corps of officers and organized dispatch. Corriea is planning the next step: how to get people into services instead of taking them to jail.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Still, there are likely numerous Bay Area jurisdictions without CIT. There aren’t numbers for California, but nationwide only about 15 percent of law enforcement agencies have CIT programs. That leaves thousands of people with mental illness in the Bay Area subject to the actions of police who aren’t trained to help them.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Part of the information present below comes from this \u003ca href=\"https://www.scribd.com/doc/242229894/San-Francisco-Police-Department-Officer-Involved-Shootings-Summary-2000-2014\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">SFPD Officer-Involved Shooting Memo.\u003c/a>\u003c/p>\n\u003ch1 id=\"data\">\u003c/h1>\n\u003cp>[ad floatright]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[http_redir]\u003cbr>\n\u003c!-- iframe plugin v.4.3 wordpress.org/plugins/iframe/ -->\u003cbr>\n\u003ciframe loading=\"lazy\" src=\"http://projects1.kqed.org/daily/cit/cit.html\" width=\"640\" height=\"1500\" frameborder=\"0\" scrolling=\"yes\" class=\"iframe-class\">\u003c/iframe>\u003c/p>\n\n",
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"title": "More Than Half of Those Killed by San Francisco Police Are Mentally Ill | KQED",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>\u003c!-- iframe plugin v.4.3 wordpress.org/plugins/iframe/ -->\u003cbr>\n\u003ciframe loading=\"lazy\" width=\"100%\" height=\"20\" scrolling=\"no\" frameborder=\"no\" src=\"https://w.soundcloud.com/player/?url=https%3A//api.soundcloud.com/tracks/170360914&color=ff5500&inverse=false&auto_play=false&show_user=true\" class=\"iframe-class\">\u003c/iframe>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Often it starts with a call for help. A family member, a caretaker or even a stranger dials 911 seeking paramedics to treat someone in a psychiatric crisis. But when there’s a threat of violence, the first responders are usually police, and what started as a call for help can quickly turn deadly for a person with a treatable illness.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>That’s what happened when Christine Goias called 911 seeking help for her son, 34-year-old Errol Chang, who was in the midst of a schizophrenic breakdown at his father’s Pacifica home in March.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“He has paranoia and he’s thinking people are wanting to assassinate him, and now he doesn’t trust anyone,” Goias \u003ca href=\"http://www.mercurynews.com/News/ci_25883634/San-Mateo-County-DA:-Officers-justified\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">told the dispatcher\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003caside class=\"pullquote alignleft\">A KQED review of San Francisco officer-involved shootings between 2005 and 2013 found that 58 percent of people killed by police had a mental illness that was a contributing factor in the incident.\u003c/aside>\n\u003cp>She said her son wouldn’t go with them in the car and, in response to a question, said that he had a “little ax” in his pocket. “I hoped that they would be able to come and help us to take him to the hospital,” Goias said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Errol’s brother, Matt Chang, said that when police arrived he was with Errol in the backyard, trying to calm him down. Responding officers from Pacifica were trained in crisis intervention, according to San Mateo District Attorney Steve Wagstaffe’s \u003ca href=\"http://www.scribd.com/doc/241406747/San-Mateo-DA-Review-of-Errol-Chang-Shooting-5-30-2014\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">review of the incident\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Matt Chang said police told his brother they were there to help, and his brother responded that he didn’t want their help.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>A series of escalations led Chang to barricade himself inside the house. The \u003ca href=\"http://www.mercurynews.com/san-mateo-county-times/ci_25378394/pacifica-man-shot-by-police-hours-after-release\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Daly City SWAT team arrived\u003c/a> with assault rifles and an armored car.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>According to the DA review, police were worried Chang might find a .22-caliber rifle and ammunition hidden separately in the house. The SWAT team held their assault rifles trained on the house and took cover behind the armored car.\u003c/p>\n\u003caside class=\"left\">\n\u003ch3>\u003ca href=\"#data\">Search database of police killings\u003c/a>\u003c/h3>\n\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"#data\">\u003cimg decoding=\"async\" src=\"http://u.s.kqed.net/2014/09/30/ScreenShot20140930at9.png\" alt=\"\">\u003c/a>\u003c/p>\n\u003c/aside>\n\u003cp>Over a loudspeaker, \u003ca href=\"https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=0sEWGwXHMh0\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">an officer droned a repeated message\u003c/a> for Chang to come outside. No response. Police threw flash-bang grenades into the house trying to scare Chang outside and, at one point, threw a phone through the window, but Chang didn’t answer it.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“People with schizophrenia, they’re afraid people are trying to hurt them, which is why my brother was armed,” Matt Chang said. “They need to feel safe. Holding 20 AR-15s at this person, with a tank and all the stuff, and then throwing flash grenades, it doesn’t make them feel safe.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>More than six hours after Goias called 911, Daly City SWAT officers breached the house. Chang had built a barricade in the hallway. Two officers climbed over a mattress and furniture and ran into Chang, who was now holding a knife and stabbed an officer in the arm.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The SWAT officers shot Chang eight times in the chest, killing him.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The DA review found the shooting was legally justified, and commended the two officers involved in the shooting for their attempts to avoid that outcome.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>And, Again\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Less than three months after Errol Chang was killed, 18-year-old Yanira Serrano-Garcia was shot and killed by a San Mateo sheriff’s deputy in Half Moon Bay, 14 miles south of Pacifica.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_149035\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 640px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"wp-image-149035 size-medium\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2015/09/IMG_1939-640x435.jpg\" alt=\"Family members and supporters of Yanira Serrano-Garcia spread flowers around the spot where she was killed near Half Moon Bay. (Alex Emslie/KQED)\" width=\"640\" height=\"435\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2015/09/IMG_1939-640x435.jpg 640w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2015/09/IMG_1939-1028x699.jpg 1028w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 640px) 100vw, 640px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Family members and supporters of Yanira Serrano-Garcia spread flowers around the spot where she was killed near Half Moon Bay. (Alex Emslie/KQED)\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Serrano-Garcia’s brother called seeking medical help. His sister was refusing to take medication prescribed for schizophrenia and was arguing with her parents.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But before sheriff’s Deputy Menh Trieu arrived at the family home, Serrano-Garcia took her medication and had calmed down, according to her brother’s \u003ca href=\"https://soundcloud.com/kqed/yanira-serrano-garcia-911-call-audio-june-3-2014\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">statements to the dispatcher\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>According to the \u003ca href=\"http://www.scribd.com/doc/239226401/San-Mateo-District-Attorney-2014-08-18-OIS-Letter-Sheriff-Munks\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">San Mateo DA’s review\u003c/a> of the shooting, when the deputy arrived, Serrano-Garcia burst off the porch and chased him with a kitchen knife. He fired a single shot into her torso, killing her.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“They not only killed Yanira, they killed the entire family,” Serrano-Garcia’s mother, Carmen Garcia, told reporters in Spanish, at a press conference announcing \u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/news/2014/9/10/lawsuit-police-shooting-half-moon-bay/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">a civil rights lawsuit\u003c/a> against San Mateo County and Trieu. “The goal is to prevent any other family from suffering this kind of pain.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The DA review found the shooting was \u003ca href=\"http://www.sfgate.com/crime/article/DA-Police-shooting-near-Half-Moon-Bay-justified-5695981.php\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">legally justified.\u003c/a>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>By The Numbers\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Shootings like these have recently gained national attention. The fatal shooting in March of a man with a history of mental illness in Albuquerque, New Mexico, led to explosive street protests and preceded the U.S. Department of Justice’s \u003ca href=\"http://www.justice.gov/crt/about/spl/documents/apd_findings_4-10-14.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">findings\u003c/a> that the city’s police department was too quick to use force on mentally ill people.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"alignleft wp-image-149036 size-full\" style=\"margin-right: 20px;margin-top: 16px\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2015/09/CITcharts.png\" alt=\"CITcharts\" width=\"286\" height=\"484\">\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>A 2013 \u003ca href=\"http://tacreports.org/storage/documents/2013-justifiable-homicides.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">report\u003c/a> by the Treatment Advocacy Center and National Sheriffs’ Association estimates half of the people shot and killed by police in the U.S. “have mental health problems,” and as many as one-third of officer-involved shootings are attempted “suicides-by-cop.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>According to a media review, this year in the Bay Area there have been at least seven fatal police shootings of people in psychiatric crisis.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Additionally, a KQED review of 51 San Francisco officer-involved shootings between 2005 and 2013 found that 58 percent — or 11 people — of the 19 individuals killed by police had a mental illness that was a contributing factor in the incident.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>There are common elements in many of these instances when a fragile situation turns life-threatening for a person in crisis: That person often has a weapon, police issue commands, the person becomes more agitated, police respond with force.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>That very police response, however, is the subject of a civil rights lawsuit stemming from a non-fatal shooting by SFPD in 2008. The outcome of the case could expand the rights of the mentally ill in confrontations with police.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>The Mission District Case\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>It seemed obvious from her behavior in August 2008 that Teresa Sheehan hadn’t been taking her medication. She had been wearing the same clothes for a week and had stopped eating, according to comments a social worker gave to police.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Sheehan’s own \u003ca href=\"http://www.scribd.com/doc/241408998/Teresa-Sheehan-Complaint\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">lawsuit\u003c/a> says she had stopped showing up for house meetings at the Mission District co-op for people with mental illness, where she lived.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>According to a \u003ca href=\"http://www.scribd.com/doc/241410111/SFPD-Report-on-Sheehan-OIS-12-8-2009\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">report\u003c/a> to the city’s police commission, when the social worker entered Sheehan’s room one morning to check on her, she threatened to stab him.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The report says when police arrived, she threatened them, too. They withdrew into the hallway, and she locked herself in her room.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003cdiv class='utils-parseShortcode-shortcodes-__shortcodes__shortcodeWrapper'>\n \u003ciframe width='”100%”' height='”166″'\n scrolling='no' frameborder='no'\n src='https://w.soundcloud.com/player/?url=”https://api.soundcloud.com/tracks/169983711″&visual=true&”color=ff5500&auto_play=false&hide_related=false&show_comments=true&show_user=true&show_reposts=false”'\n title='”https://api.soundcloud.com/tracks/169983711″'>\n \u003c/iframe>\n \u003c/div>\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Officers then prepared to re-enter her room by force, the report says. They drew their guns. They broke in her door. Sheehan had the knife over her head, and she began advancing toward them.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>According to the police report, when Sheehan was about 3 feet away, Officer Katherine Holder shot her. Sgt. Kimberly Reynolds shot her. Sheehan then fell down, says the lawsuit, or she lunged, says the police report. Reynolds shot her again.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Sheehan survived and was charged with multiple counts of assault. A jury cleared her. She filed a federal civil rights suit alleging violations of the Constitution and the Americans with Disabilities Act.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Here’s the question before the court: If police know they are dealing with a person with mental illness, and they use confrontational tactics that can agitate the person, are they violating the Americans with Disabilities Act?\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The 9th U.S. Circuit Court of Appeals \u003ca href=\"http://cdn.ca9.uscourts.gov/datastore/opinions/2014/02/21/11-16401.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">ruled\u003c/a> that the ADA applies to police conduct when arresting people with mental illness. That ruling was appealed to the U.S. Supreme Court, which has not decided whether it will hear the case.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>If the 9th Circuit’s ruling stands, it could require police departments to provide specialized training to officers in how to interact with people with mental illness, said Ben Nisenbaum, Sheehan’s attorney.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“You’ve got to be trained in how to deal with people who suffer mental disabilities,” he said. “It’s not something that’s kind of optional.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The state of California doesn’t require police to have special training in responding to psychiatric crises. Even so, most large Bay Area police departments have adopted a model aimed at reducing fatalities and diverting people with mental illness away from the criminal justice system and into treatment. It’s called a \u003ca href=\"http://www.acgov.org/board/bos_calendar/documents/DocsAgendaReg_4_11_13/PUBLIC%20PROTECTION/Regular%20Calendar/Overview_CIT.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Crisis Intervention Team\u003c/a>, or CIT.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Crisis Intervention Team\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The Oakland Police Department hosts CIT training for all Alameda County law enforcement departments that have CIT programs.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>At a training earlier this year, Oakland police Officer Doria Neff, the department’s CIT coordinator, didn’t waste time introducing the goals of the course to a room full of cops, deputies and probation officers.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_149041\" class=\"wp-caption alignright\" style=\"max-width: 400px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"wp-image-149041\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2015/09/IMG_1195-640x532.jpg\" alt=\"Officers who have gone through CIT training wear this pin on their uniform. (Alex Emslie/KQED)\" width=\"400\" height=\"333\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2015/09/IMG_1195-640x532.jpg 640w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2015/09/IMG_1195-1028x855.jpg 1028w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 400px) 100vw, 400px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Officers who have gone through CIT training wear this pin on their uniform. (Alex Emslie/KQED)\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>“Am I going to ask you to become a social worker? Absolutely not — that’s not our role,” she said. “Do I ask that you open your eyes a little bit and be a little bit more empathetic to folks with mental health challenges? Yes.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>At the police academy, officers get six hours on people with disabilities. Neff told the class CIT training is like that, on steroids. For the rest of the week, officers got a crash course in psychological disorders, psychiatric medication, street drugs and de-escalation.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Officer Jeff Shannon, Berkeley Police Department’s CIT coordinator, teaches that part of the class.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“De-escalation is a cornerstone of the training,” he said, “because we know the vast majority of police interactions can be managed without the use of physical force.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Shannon is also a licensed therapist who spent 15 years working with people in crisis in the community mental health system before becoming a police officer. He didn’t learn about CIT until after becoming an cop. He wrote the proposal for Berkeley to adopt the program, which they did in 2011 when Oakland hosted its first class.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“The way that we ask officers to calm people down is to be a calming force themselves,” Shannon said. “That starts with the tone and inflection of your voice and your nonverbal behavior.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Officers in CIT class learn that nonverbal cues — like speaking in a soft voice, slowing down and resting a hand at one’s side instead of on one’s gun — are likely more important that what they’re saying. The reason has to do with the hierarchy of the human brain.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Berkeley clinical psychologist Mitch Radin teaches that, in a crisis, the more evolved, cognitive parts of the brain get overruled by the more primitive amygdala, which is responsible for emotional reactions.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“You can only hope for agreement, not understanding,” Radin said.\u003c/p>\n\u003caside class=\"pullquote alignleft\">“I don’t think police officers would be dealing with these mental health crisis situations nearly as much if there were more resources out there.” \u003ccite>Mitch Radin, Berkeley psychologist \u003c/cite>\u003c/aside>\n\u003cp>Radin asked the class why police officers generally dislike responding to mental health calls. The answers varied: “They’re unpredictable.” “What’s the point? They’re going to be out before I finish the paperwork.” “The frustration is with the lack of resources to give them what they need.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>That last response rings true for Radin.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“The mental health system in America is distressing,” he said during a class break, and after a sigh of frustration. “I don’t think police officers would be dealing with these mental health crisis situations nearly as much if there were more resources out there.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Few departments, if any, track how often officers respond to mental health crises. But, anecdotally, officers often report they respond to more 5150 calls every year. That’s shorthand for \u003ca href=\"http://www.leginfo.ca.gov/cgi-bin/displaycode?section=wic&group=05001-06000&file=5150-5155\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">California’s Welfare and Institutions Code 5150\u003c/a>, which allows peace officers and some mental health workers to take a person into custody who is a danger to themselves or others due to a mental illness.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Shannon says he has responded to hundreds of these calls.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“If I’m on a 10-hour patrol shift, there’s a good chance I’m going to place someone on a 5150 hold,” he said, “and sometimes it’s just call after call that seems to be someone in a psychiatric emergency.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003cdiv class='utils-parseShortcode-shortcodes-__shortcodes__shortcodeWrapper'>\n \u003ciframe width='”100%”' height='”166″'\n scrolling='no' frameborder='no'\n src='https://w.soundcloud.com/player/?url=”https://api.soundcloud.com/tracks/170354468″&visual=true&”color=ff5500&auto_play=false&hide_related=false&show_comments=true&show_user=true&show_reposts=false”'\n title='”https://api.soundcloud.com/tracks/170354468″'>\n \u003c/iframe>\n \u003c/div>\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Crisis Intervention Training has been around since 1988, when it was developed in Memphis, Tennessee, after an officer-involved shooting of a man with mental illness.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The goal of the \u003ca href=\"http://cit.memphis.edu/pdf/CoreElements.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Memphis Model\u003c/a> is to establish a specialized unit of officers with in-depth training in mental illness and in tactics more likely to resolve incidents without injury. CIT also aims to strengthen relationships between police and mental health providers so officers can more easily take people in for treatment instead of to jail.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>It’s not new, but departments in the Bay Area are just beginning to implement it.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Slow Uptake at the SFPD\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The San Francisco Police Department adopted the Memphis Model of CIT in 2011, after three years in a row in which every person killed in a police shooting had a mental illness.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But it’s clear implementing the program hasn’t been fast or easy.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Three and a half years into the program, the department has trained about 18 percent of its patrol officers. Ideally, somewhere between 20 and 25 percent of officers are trained, with the goal of at least one trained officer at each station for each shift.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_149048\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 640px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-medium wp-image-149048\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2015/09/SFPD_Officer_Elizabeth_Prillinger-640x628.jpg\" alt=\"SFPD Officer Elizabeth Prillinger is one of the officers who has gone through the training. (Rachael Bale/KQED)\" width=\"640\" height=\"628\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2015/09/SFPD_Officer_Elizabeth_Prillinger-640x628.jpg 640w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2015/09/SFPD_Officer_Elizabeth_Prillinger-1028x1009.jpg 1028w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2015/09/SFPD_Officer_Elizabeth_Prillinger-32x32.jpg 32w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2015/09/SFPD_Officer_Elizabeth_Prillinger-64x64.jpg 64w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2015/09/SFPD_Officer_Elizabeth_Prillinger-75x75.jpg 75w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 640px) 100vw, 640px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">SFPD Officer Elizabeth Prillinger is one of the San Francisco officers who has gone through CIT training. (Rachael Bale/KQED)\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Finding the right officers for the training hasn’t been easy, and that’s true anywhere, said Major Sam Cochran, who founded CIT while at the Memphis Police Department.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“There are some officers that are not ready to be CIT officers,” said Cochran, who is now at the University of Memphis. “They don’t have the experience. Some officers don’t have the maturity level.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In some cities, like Berkeley, the program is so valued that officers must compete to get in. But as it launched in San Francisco, few officers volunteered, and station chiefs simply had to choose who got sent to training. Cochran says it’s the the role of a police chief to elevate the status of the team so officers want to be a part of it.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“That chief needs to make sure that those men and women understand that they have an identity and that they have a role,” Cochran said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003cdiv class='utils-parseShortcode-shortcodes-__shortcodes__shortcodeWrapper'>\n \u003ciframe width='”100%”' height='”166″'\n scrolling='no' frameborder='no'\n src='https://w.soundcloud.com/player/?url=”https://api.soundcloud.com/tracks/170355922″&visual=true&”color=ff5500&auto_play=false&hide_related=false&show_comments=true&show_user=true&show_reposts=false”'\n title='”https://api.soundcloud.com/tracks/170355922″'>\n \u003c/iframe>\n \u003c/div>\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Cochran’s model calls for CIT to be a specially trained and cohesive team within the department. In an interview with KQED, San Francisco Police Chief Greg Suhr said he’d prefer it not to be a separate team.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Police officers by nature find niches,” Suhr said. “I don’t want cops to find a niche and be expert on what they do and don’t do. I want them to do it all.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>That’s how SFPD Commander Richard Corriea once felt. He’s the third person to lead SFPD’s Crisis Intervention Team in three years.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“I’m a convert on the issue of team,” he said. “I think it inspires officers who are engaged in this. They have a special skill. It makes them feel part of something. And the outcome is better and better service.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>A team creates a feedback loop, said Angela Chan, a former police commissioner who spearheaded the program. The unit is supposed to learn from each response. It allows officers perfect their skills, share information with other CIT officers and establish strong relationships with mental health providers.\u003c/p>\n\u003caside class=\"pullquote alignleft\">“I don’t want cops to find a niche and be expert on what they do and don’t do. I want them to do it all.” \u003ccite>Greg Suhr, S.F. Police Chief \u003c/cite>\u003c/aside>\n\u003cp>But in the beginning that didn’t happen much, say mental health advocates — not when the role of the team wasn’t fully supported inside the department, and so few officers were trained. Added to that, there was also no official way to dispatch CIT officers to a scene.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>While the Police Commission resolution called for 911 operator training and CIT dispatch protocols, getting that to happen wasn’t easy.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>San Francisco operators at 911 are under the Department of Emergency Management, not SFPD, and DEM’s policy is not to make changes to how it dispatches SFPD officers until it gets a directive from the police department itself.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“What they’ve explained all along is that they follow the direction of the San Francisco Police Department, and so whenever SFPD is ready, they’re ready,” said Chan.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>SFPD wasn’t ready for more than three years. In late April 2014, Suhr issued the directive. Now, 911 operators are trained to recognize CIT-appropriate calls and to issue certain radio codes to send a CIT officer to the scene.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>It’s hard to know whether CIT is helping reduce violent encounters between police and people with mental illness. Data collection — also mandated by the resolution — has taken a back seat as the department worked to catch up on training officers and creating a dispatch policy, which it has done under Corriea’s leadership.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Studies from elsewhere indicate CIT shows promise in reducing fatal incidents. One 2008 study published in the journal Psychology Services found CIT officers were less likely to use force, even when facing a threat of violence.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>An Internal Affairs review shows that in the first three years of the program, three of the seven people killed in San Francisco police shootings had a mental illness. That’s about the national average, which includes departments with and without CIT.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Several years down the road, SFPD has now trained a corps of officers and organized dispatch. Corriea is planning the next step: how to get people into services instead of taking them to jail.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Still, there are likely numerous Bay Area jurisdictions without CIT. There aren’t numbers for California, but nationwide only about 15 percent of law enforcement agencies have CIT programs. That leaves thousands of people with mental illness in the Bay Area subject to the actions of police who aren’t trained to help them.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Part of the information present below comes from this \u003ca href=\"https://www.scribd.com/doc/242229894/San-Francisco-Police-Department-Officer-Involved-Shootings-Summary-2000-2014\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">SFPD Officer-Involved Shooting Memo.\u003c/a>\u003c/p>\n\u003ch1 id=\"data\">\u003c/h1>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"disqusTitle": "Students Struggle to Access Mental Health Services on UC Campuses",
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"content": "\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_21642\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 640px\">\u003ca href=\"https://www.flickr.com/photos/hankzby/2346334452/in/photolist-63LgLe-9x2t1S-63QvZU-hupmxC-4yah92-bCkeua-aF4nGK-5WNAjf-7a4T2e-4zkzuh-xFWZ6-bCkgmF-drmDCx-9wYsLx-9x2sTA-9x2teE-9wYhit-e4cWxN-e47fJi-CPD4-9wYsDB-5bE76S-e4d17U-e47mve-e4cVnQ-e4cYtd-e47iNg-e47hxM-e47jyR-e4cVKy-e47mT6-e47jWB-e47kKP-e47kjn-e4cZHW-moUE-n79pfx-7a5FcV-79Nvk2-79Nva8-79NtVz-79Skgw-79SmcL-79Nvtk-79Nu7x-79Ntxa-7a9r1J-bpqkoj-bCkg1R-drn6pU\">\u003cimg class=\"size-large wp-image-21642\" title=\"\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/stateofhealth/wp-content/uploads/sites/27/2014/09/2346334452_f5e85a3e82_o-copy-640x361.jpg\" alt=\"Students at Sproul Plaza, UC Berkeley. (Henry Zbyszynski/Flickr)\" width=\"640\" height=\"361\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Students at Sproul Plaza, UC Berkeley. In the last six years, the number of students seeking health at counseling centers has increased 37 percent across the UC system. (Henry Zbyszynski/Flickr)\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>\u003ciframe width=\"100%\" height=\"20\" scrolling=\"no\" frameborder=\"no\" src=\"https://w.soundcloud.com/player/?url=https%3A//api.soundcloud.com/tracks/168470037&color=ff5500&inverse=false&auto_play=false&show_user=true\">\u003c/iframe>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Students throughout the University of California system are having trouble accessing mental health care, and health services directors are raising alarms that increased staffing and funding could be warranted to meet demand.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“The increased need for mental health services on our campuses is outstripping our ability to provide those services,” said Dr. John Stobo, senior vice president for health sciences and services for the University of California. “It is a major problem. It’s not only a problem for UC, this is a national issue.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In the last six years, the number of students seeking help at university counseling centers has increased 37 percent, according to data presented at UC Regents board meeting on Thursday.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“This is real. Students are having difficulty accessing mental health services on campus,” said Dr. Gina Fleming, medical director for the UC Self-Insured Health Plans. “They’re waiting longer to get an appointment. They’re having fewer appointments within the course of therapy, and more are needing to be referred off campus.”\u003c!--more-->\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Wait times for regular appointments have been four weeks, or more in some cases. A typical student who calls in complaining of mild anxiety and procrastination in the first few weeks of the semester could be waiting until finals for therapy to begin in earnest.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“What might have started as a routine procrastination intervention may now be a crisis in full bloom,” said Elizabeth Gong-Guy, executive director of Counseling and Psychological Services at UCLA.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Increasingly, we find that many of the students who make their way to our counseling centers are seasoned perfectionists who’ve driven themselves to unsustainable positions in which their lives lack any semblance of balance or self-compassion. These are students with eating disorders, crippling obsessive-compulsive disorders, cutting histories, addictions, and illicit stimulant abuse.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>She says more students are seeking help now because of awareness campaigns that helped reduced stigma around mental health issues. Those campaigns were funded through a $6.8 million grant the university received under Proposition 63, a voter-approved ballot measure that raised taxes on the wealthiest Californians to provide funds for the state’s public mental health system.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But that funding to the university ends this year, and health services directors worry they do not have enough money to hire the staff needed to keep up with unabated demand.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Gong-Guy said the UCLA counseling center treated 8,500 students last year – that amounts to 21 percent of the student population and a 23 percent increase over the year before.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>System-wide, 25 percent of students who receive services at campus counseling centers are on psychotropic medications.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“This increased utilization is now seriously limiting access to timely treatment that’s needed to support student success,” she said.\u003cbr>\nThe UC Regents asked the health services committee to bring a list of potential solutions to the next board meeting in November.\u003c/p>\n\n",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_21642\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 640px\">\u003ca href=\"https://www.flickr.com/photos/hankzby/2346334452/in/photolist-63LgLe-9x2t1S-63QvZU-hupmxC-4yah92-bCkeua-aF4nGK-5WNAjf-7a4T2e-4zkzuh-xFWZ6-bCkgmF-drmDCx-9wYsLx-9x2sTA-9x2teE-9wYhit-e4cWxN-e47fJi-CPD4-9wYsDB-5bE76S-e4d17U-e47mve-e4cVnQ-e4cYtd-e47iNg-e47hxM-e47jyR-e4cVKy-e47mT6-e47jWB-e47kKP-e47kjn-e4cZHW-moUE-n79pfx-7a5FcV-79Nvk2-79Nva8-79NtVz-79Skgw-79SmcL-79Nvtk-79Nu7x-79Ntxa-7a9r1J-bpqkoj-bCkg1R-drn6pU\">\u003cimg class=\"size-large wp-image-21642\" title=\"\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/stateofhealth/wp-content/uploads/sites/27/2014/09/2346334452_f5e85a3e82_o-copy-640x361.jpg\" alt=\"Students at Sproul Plaza, UC Berkeley. (Henry Zbyszynski/Flickr)\" width=\"640\" height=\"361\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Students at Sproul Plaza, UC Berkeley. In the last six years, the number of students seeking health at counseling centers has increased 37 percent across the UC system. (Henry Zbyszynski/Flickr)\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>\u003ciframe width=\"100%\" height=\"20\" scrolling=\"no\" frameborder=\"no\" src=\"https://w.soundcloud.com/player/?url=https%3A//api.soundcloud.com/tracks/168470037&color=ff5500&inverse=false&auto_play=false&show_user=true\">\u003c/iframe>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Students throughout the University of California system are having trouble accessing mental health care, and health services directors are raising alarms that increased staffing and funding could be warranted to meet demand.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“The increased need for mental health services on our campuses is outstripping our ability to provide those services,” said Dr. John Stobo, senior vice president for health sciences and services for the University of California. “It is a major problem. It’s not only a problem for UC, this is a national issue.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In the last six years, the number of students seeking help at university counseling centers has increased 37 percent, according to data presented at UC Regents board meeting on Thursday.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“This is real. Students are having difficulty accessing mental health services on campus,” said Dr. Gina Fleming, medical director for the UC Self-Insured Health Plans. “They’re waiting longer to get an appointment. They’re having fewer appointments within the course of therapy, and more are needing to be referred off campus.”\u003c!--more-->\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Wait times for regular appointments have been four weeks, or more in some cases. A typical student who calls in complaining of mild anxiety and procrastination in the first few weeks of the semester could be waiting until finals for therapy to begin in earnest.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“What might have started as a routine procrastination intervention may now be a crisis in full bloom,” said Elizabeth Gong-Guy, executive director of Counseling and Psychological Services at UCLA.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Increasingly, we find that many of the students who make their way to our counseling centers are seasoned perfectionists who’ve driven themselves to unsustainable positions in which their lives lack any semblance of balance or self-compassion. These are students with eating disorders, crippling obsessive-compulsive disorders, cutting histories, addictions, and illicit stimulant abuse.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>She says more students are seeking help now because of awareness campaigns that helped reduced stigma around mental health issues. Those campaigns were funded through a $6.8 million grant the university received under Proposition 63, a voter-approved ballot measure that raised taxes on the wealthiest Californians to provide funds for the state’s public mental health system.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But that funding to the university ends this year, and health services directors worry they do not have enough money to hire the staff needed to keep up with unabated demand.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Gong-Guy said the UCLA counseling center treated 8,500 students last year – that amounts to 21 percent of the student population and a 23 percent increase over the year before.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>System-wide, 25 percent of students who receive services at campus counseling centers are on psychotropic medications.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“This increased utilization is now seriously limiting access to timely treatment that’s needed to support student success,” she said.\u003cbr>\nThe UC Regents asked the health services committee to bring a list of potential solutions to the next board meeting in November.\u003c/p>\n\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>",
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"info": "KQED’s new podcast, Bay Curious, gets to the bottom of the mysteries — both profound and peculiar — that give the Bay Area its unique identity. And we’ll do it with your help! You ask the questions. You decide what Bay Curious investigates. And you join us on the journey to find the answers.",
"imageSrc": "https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/04/Bay-Curious-Podcast-Tile-703x703-1.jpg",
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"officialWebsiteLink": "/news/series/baycurious",
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"source": "kqed",
"order": 3
},
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}
},
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"id": "bbc-world-service",
"title": "BBC World Service",
"info": "The day's top stories from BBC News compiled twice daily in the week, once at weekends.",
"airtime": "MON-FRI 9pm-10pm, TUE-FRI 1am-2am",
"imageSrc": "https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/04/BBC-World-Service-Podcast-Tile-360x360-1.jpg",
"officialWebsiteLink": "https://www.bbc.co.uk/sounds/play/live:bbc_world_service",
"meta": {
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"source": "BBC World Service"
},
"link": "/radio/program/bbc-world-service",
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"rss": "https://podcasts.files.bbci.co.uk/p02nq0gn.rss"
}
},
"californiareport": {
"id": "californiareport",
"title": "The California Report",
"tagline": "California, day by day",
"info": "KQED’s statewide radio news program providing daily coverage of issues, trends and public policy decisions.",
"imageSrc": "https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/04/The-California-Report-Podcast-Tile-703x703-1.jpg",
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"officialWebsiteLink": "/californiareport",
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"source": "kqed",
"order": 8
},
"link": "/californiareport",
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}
},
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"title": "The California Report Magazine",
"tagline": "Your state, your stories",
"info": "Every week, The California Report Magazine takes you on a road trip for the ears: to visit the places and meet the people who make California unique. The in-depth storytelling podcast from the California Report.",
"airtime": "FRI 4:30pm-5pm, 6:30pm-7pm, 11pm-11:30pm",
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"officialWebsiteLink": "/californiareportmagazine",
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"order": 10
},
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"google": "https://podcasts.google.com/feed/aHR0cHM6Ly9mZWVkcy5tZWdhcGhvbmUuZm0vS1FJTkM3NjkwNjk1OTAz",
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},
"city-arts": {
"id": "city-arts",
"title": "City Arts & Lectures",
"info": "A one-hour radio program to hear celebrated writers, artists and thinkers address contemporary ideas and values, often discussing the creative process. Please note: tapes or transcripts are not available",
"imageSrc": "https://ww2.kqed.org/radio/wp-content/uploads/sites/50/2018/05/cityartsandlecture-300x300.jpg",
"officialWebsiteLink": "https://www.cityarts.net/",
"airtime": "SUN 1pm-2pm, TUE 10pm, WED 1am",
"meta": {
"site": "news",
"source": "City Arts & Lectures"
},
"link": "https://www.cityarts.net",
"subscribe": {
"tuneIn": "https://tunein.com/radio/City-Arts-and-Lectures-p692/",
"rss": "https://www.cityarts.net/feed/"
}
},
"closealltabs": {
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"info": "Close All Tabs breaks down how digital culture shapes our world through thoughtful insights and irreverent humor.",
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"officialWebsiteLink": "/podcasts/closealltabs",
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"source": "kqed",
"order": 1
},
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"id": "code-switch-life-kit",
"title": "Code Switch / Life Kit",
"info": "\u003cem>Code Switch\u003c/em>, which listeners will hear in the first part of the hour, has fearless and much-needed conversations about race. Hosted by journalists of color, the show tackles the subject of race head-on, exploring how it impacts every part of society — from politics and pop culture to history, sports and more.\u003cbr />\u003cbr />\u003cem>Life Kit\u003c/em>, which will be in the second part of the hour, guides you through spaces and feelings no one prepares you for — from finances to mental health, from workplace microaggressions to imposter syndrome, from relationships to parenting. The show features experts with real world experience and shares their knowledge. Because everyone needs a little help being human.\u003cbr />\u003cbr />\u003ca href=\"https://www.npr.org/podcasts/510312/codeswitch\">\u003cem>Code Switch\u003c/em> offical site and podcast\u003c/a>\u003cbr />\u003ca href=\"https://www.npr.org/lifekit\">\u003cem>Life Kit\u003c/em> offical site and podcast\u003c/a>\u003cbr />",
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"meta": {
"site": "radio",
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},
"link": "/radio/program/code-switch-life-kit",
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},
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"id": "commonwealth-club",
"title": "Commonwealth Club of California Podcast",
"info": "The Commonwealth Club of California is the nation's oldest and largest public affairs forum. As a non-partisan forum, The Club brings to the public airwaves diverse viewpoints on important topics. The Club's weekly radio broadcast - the oldest in the U.S., dating back to 1924 - is carried across the nation on public radio stations and is now podcasting. Our website archive features audio of our recent programs, as well as selected speeches from our long and distinguished history. This podcast feed is usually updated twice a week and is always un-edited.",
"airtime": "THU 10pm, FRI 1am",
"imageSrc": "https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/04/Commonwealth-Club-Podcast-Tile-360x360-1.jpg",
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"meta": {
"site": "news",
"source": "Commonwealth Club of California"
},
"link": "/radio/program/commonwealth-club",
"subscribe": {
"apple": "https://itunes.apple.com/us/podcast/commonwealth-club-of-california-podcast/id976334034?mt=2",
"google": "https://podcasts.google.com/feed/aHR0cDovL3d3dy5jb21tb253ZWFsdGhjbHViLm9yZy9hdWRpby9wb2RjYXN0L3dlZWtseS54bWw",
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},
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"id": "forum",
"title": "Forum",
"tagline": "The conversation starts here",
"info": "KQED’s live call-in program discussing local, state, national and international issues, as well as in-depth interviews.",
"airtime": "MON-FRI 9am-11am, 10pm-11pm",
"imageSrc": "https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/04/Forum-Podcast-Tile-703x703-1.jpg",
"imageAlt": "KQED Forum with Mina Kim and Alexis Madrigal",
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"meta": {
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"source": "kqed",
"order": 9
},
"link": "/forum",
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"google": "https://podcasts.google.com/feed/aHR0cHM6Ly9mZWVkcy5tZWdhcGhvbmUuZm0vS1FJTkM5NTU3MzgxNjMz",
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"freakonomics-radio": {
"id": "freakonomics-radio",
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"imageSrc": "https://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2018/05/freakonomicsRadio.png",
"officialWebsiteLink": "http://freakonomics.com/",
"airtime": "SUN 1am-2am, SAT 3pm-4pm",
"meta": {
"site": "radio",
"source": "WNYC"
},
"link": "/radio/program/freakonomics-radio",
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"apple": "https://itunes.apple.com/us/podcast/freakonomics-radio/id354668519",
"tuneIn": "https://tunein.com/podcasts/WNYC-Podcasts/Freakonomics-Radio-p272293/",
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},
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"id": "fresh-air",
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"link": "/radio/program/fresh-air",
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"apple": "https://itunes.apple.com/WebObjects/MZStore.woa/wa/viewPodcast?s=143441&mt=2&id=214089682&at=11l79Y&ct=nprdirectory",
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"info": "A live production of NPR and WBUR Boston, in collaboration with stations across the country, Here & Now reflects the fluid world of news as it's happening in the middle of the day, with timely, in-depth news, interviews and conversation. Hosted by Robin Young, Jeremy Hobson and Tonya Mosley.",
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},
"hidden-brain": {
"id": "hidden-brain",
"title": "Hidden Brain",
"info": "Shankar Vedantam uses science and storytelling to reveal the unconscious patterns that drive human behavior, shape our choices and direct our relationships.",
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"airtime": "SUN 7pm-8pm",
"meta": {
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"source": "NPR"
},
"link": "/radio/program/hidden-brain",
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},
"how-i-built-this": {
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"title": "How I Built This with Guy Raz",
"info": "Guy Raz dives into the stories behind some of the world's best known companies. How I Built This weaves a narrative journey about innovators, entrepreneurs and idealists—and the movements they built.",
"imageSrc": "https://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2018/05/howIBuiltThis.png",
"officialWebsiteLink": "https://www.npr.org/podcasts/510313/how-i-built-this",
"airtime": "SUN 7:30pm-8pm",
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"source": "npr"
},
"link": "/radio/program/how-i-built-this",
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"apple": "https://itunes.apple.com/us/podcast/how-i-built-this-with-guy-raz/id1150510297?mt=2",
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},
"hyphenacion": {
"id": "hyphenacion",
"title": "Hyphenación",
"tagline": "Where conversation and cultura meet",
"info": "What kind of no sabo word is Hyphenación? For us, it’s about living within a hyphenation. Like being a third-gen Mexican-American from the Texas border now living that Bay Area Chicano life. Like Xorje! Each week we bring together a couple of hyphenated Latinos to talk all about personal life choices: family, careers, relationships, belonging … everything is on the table. ",
"imageSrc": "https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2025/03/Hyphenacion_FinalAssets_PodcastTile.png",
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"officialWebsiteLink": "/podcasts/hyphenacion",
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"order": 15
},
"link": "/podcasts/hyphenacion",
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},
"jerrybrown": {
"id": "jerrybrown",
"title": "The Political Mind of Jerry Brown",
"tagline": "Lessons from a lifetime in politics",
"info": "The Political Mind of Jerry Brown brings listeners the wisdom of the former Governor, Mayor, and presidential candidate. Scott Shafer interviewed Brown for more than 40 hours, covering the former governor's life and half-century in the political game – and Brown has some lessons he'd like to share. ",
"imageSrc": "https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/04/The-Political-Mind-of-Jerry-Brown-Podcast-Tile-703x703-1.jpg",
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"officialWebsiteLink": "/podcasts/jerrybrown",
"meta": {
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"source": "kqed",
"order": 18
},
"link": "/podcasts/jerrybrown",
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}
},
"latino-usa": {
"id": "latino-usa",
"title": "Latino USA",
"airtime": "MON 1am-2am, SUN 6pm-7pm",
"info": "Latino USA, the radio journal of news and culture, is the only national, English-language radio program produced from a Latino perspective.",
"imageSrc": "https://ww2.kqed.org/radio/wp-content/uploads/sites/50/2018/04/latinoUsa.jpg",
"officialWebsiteLink": "http://latinousa.org/",
"meta": {
"site": "news",
"source": "npr"
},
"link": "/radio/program/latino-usa",
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"apple": "https://itunes.apple.com/WebObjects/MZStore.woa/wa/viewPodcast?s=143441&mt=2&id=79681317&at=11l79Y&ct=nprdirectory",
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"rss": "https://feeds.npr.org/510016/podcast.xml"
}
},
"marketplace": {
"id": "marketplace",
"title": "Marketplace",
"info": "Our flagship program, helmed by Kai Ryssdal, examines what the day in money delivered, through stories, conversations, newsworthy numbers and more. Updated Monday through Friday at about 3:30 p.m. PT.",
"airtime": "MON-FRI 4pm-4:30pm, MON-WED 6:30pm-7pm",
"imageSrc": "https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/04/Marketplace-Podcast-Tile-360x360-1.jpg",
"officialWebsiteLink": "https://www.marketplace.org/",
"meta": {
"site": "news",
"source": "American Public Media"
},
"link": "/radio/program/marketplace",
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"rss": "https://feeds.publicradio.org/public_feeds/marketplace-pm/rss/rss"
}
},
"masters-of-scale": {
"id": "masters-of-scale",
"title": "Masters of Scale",
"info": "Masters of Scale is an original podcast in which LinkedIn co-founder and Greylock Partner Reid Hoffman sets out to describe and prove theories that explain how great entrepreneurs take their companies from zero to a gazillion in ingenious fashion.",
"airtime": "Every other Wednesday June 12 through October 16 at 8pm (repeats Thursdays at 2am)",
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"officialWebsiteLink": "https://mastersofscale.com/",
"meta": {
"site": "radio",
"source": "WaitWhat"
},
"link": "/radio/program/masters-of-scale",
"subscribe": {
"apple": "http://mastersofscale.app.link/",
"rss": "https://rss.art19.com/masters-of-scale"
}
},
"mindshift": {
"id": "mindshift",
"title": "MindShift",
"tagline": "A podcast about the future of learning and how we raise our kids",
"info": "The MindShift podcast explores the innovations in education that are shaping how kids learn. Hosts Ki Sung and Katrina Schwartz introduce listeners to educators, researchers, parents and students who are developing effective ways to improve how kids learn. We cover topics like how fed-up administrators are developing surprising tactics to deal with classroom disruptions; how listening to podcasts are helping kids develop reading skills; the consequences of overparenting; and why interdisciplinary learning can engage students on all ends of the traditional achievement spectrum. This podcast is part of the MindShift education site, a division of KQED News. KQED is an NPR/PBS member station based in San Francisco. You can also visit the MindShift website for episodes and supplemental blog posts or tweet us \u003ca href=\"https://twitter.com/MindShiftKQED\">@MindShiftKQED\u003c/a> or visit us at \u003ca href=\"/mindshift\">MindShift.KQED.org\u003c/a>",
"imageSrc": "https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/04/Mindshift-Podcast-Tile-703x703-1.jpg",
"imageAlt": "KQED MindShift: How We Will Learn",
"officialWebsiteLink": "/mindshift/",
"meta": {
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"source": "kqed",
"order": 12
},
"link": "/podcasts/mindshift",
"subscribe": {
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"google": "https://podcasts.google.com/feed/aHR0cHM6Ly9mZWVkcy5tZWdhcGhvbmUuZm0vS1FJTkM1NzY0NjAwNDI5",
"npr": "https://www.npr.org/podcasts/464615685/mind-shift-podcast",
"stitcher": "https://www.stitcher.com/podcast/kqed/stories-teachers-share",
"spotify": "https://open.spotify.com/show/0MxSpNYZKNprFLCl7eEtyx"
}
},
"morning-edition": {
"id": "morning-edition",
"title": "Morning Edition",
"info": "\u003cem>Morning Edition\u003c/em> takes listeners around the country and the world with multi-faceted stories and commentaries every weekday. Hosts Steve Inskeep, David Greene and Rachel Martin bring you the latest breaking news and features to prepare you for the day.",
"airtime": "MON-FRI 3am-9am",
"imageSrc": "https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/04/Morning-Edition-Podcast-Tile-360x360-1.jpg",
"officialWebsiteLink": "https://www.npr.org/programs/morning-edition/",
"meta": {
"site": "news",
"source": "npr"
},
"link": "/radio/program/morning-edition"
},
"onourwatch": {
"id": "onourwatch",
"title": "On Our Watch",
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