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"title": "Possible Measles Exposure in Alameda County: What You Need to Know",
"headTitle": "Possible Measles Exposure in Alameda County: What You Need to Know | KQED",
"content": "\u003cp>Alameda County health officials are warning Bay Area residents of a potential exposure to measles in an East Bay restaurant earlier this month.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>County officials said that a person infected with measles was present at the \u003ca href=\"https://www.google.com/maps/place/SONS+OF+LIBERTY+ALEHOUSE/@37.7237984,-122.1552742,15z/data=!4m2!3m1!1s0x0:0x63e565bb445aae39?sa=X&ved=1t:2428&ictx=111\">Sons of Liberty Alehouse on West Juana Avenue in San Leandro\u003c/a> back on Saturday, March 9 — and urged anyone who was also at the restaurant between 4:45 p.m. and 7:30 p.m. that day to \u003ca href=\"#measlesexposurealameda\">reach out to their health care provider and the Alameda County Public Health Department \u003c/a>if they or anyone else present is unvaccinated or in a high-risk group.[aside postID=news_11981370 hero='https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/03/GettyImages-1472596010-1020x765.jpg']\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>They also asked others who may have been present during that timeframe to monitor themselves for symptoms of measles, which can emerge between seven and 21 days after exposure.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“At this time, we are not aware of anyone who developed measles due to this exposure at Sons of Liberty,” said Dr. Kavita Trivedi, director of clinical guidance and communicable disease controller at the Alameda County Public Health Department, in a press conference on Wednesday.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cb>Jump straight to:\u003c/b>\u003c/p>\n\u003cul>\n\u003cli>\u003cstrong>\u003ca href=\"#measlesexposurealameda\">If I think I was exposed in San Leandro on March 9, what should I do?\u003c/a>\u003c/strong>\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>\u003cstrong>\u003ca href=\"#measlesvaccine\">Can I still get measles if I’m vaccinated?\u003c/a>\u003c/strong>\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>\u003cstrong>\u003ca href=\"#measlesvaccinerecord\">How can I check if I’m vaccinated against measles?\u003c/a>\u003c/strong>\u003c/li>\n\u003c/ul>\n\u003cp>Trivedi said the county was now “acting out of an abundance of caution to reach people who may have been exposed” and stressed that this was not being treated as a measles outbreak. “This is a measles investigation,” Trivedi said, “and we want to be in touch with all people that were contacts of this case.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Officials say that the infectious person who was at Sons of Liberty Alehouse on March 9 was unaware they had measles at the time of their visit. Trivedi also emphasized that “the patient did not become infected at Sons of Liberty,” but rather that “we believe the person contracted measles while traveling internationally a few weeks prior to illness.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Trivedi said that Alameda County could not disclose the exact location of this person’s travel for confidentiality reasons but instead pointed people to \u003ca href=\"https://www.cdc.gov/globalhealth/measles/data/global-measles-outbreaks.html\">the list of international countries with current measles outbreaks \u003c/a>provided by the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC).\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Keep reading for what to know about this measles case in Alameda County, what to do if you think you — or somebody you know — might have been exposed on March 9, and why the measles virus is taken so seriously.\u003c/p>\n\u003ch2>\u003ca id=\"measlesexposurealameda\">\u003c/a>I was at Sons of Liberty Alehouse between 4:45 p.m. and 7:30 p.m. on March 9. What should I do?\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>If you were present during this timeframe provided by Alameda County health officials, they say that you should call your health care provider and also the Alameda County Public Health Department at 510-267-3250 right away if you (or your child) are:\u003c/p>\n\u003cul>\n\u003cli>An infant 11 months of age or younger\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>Not vaccinated for measles\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>Unsure whether you’re vaccinated for measles\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>Pregnant\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>Immunocompromised (i.e., you have a weakened immune system)\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>A health care worker\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>A childcare provider.\u003c/li>\n\u003c/ul>\n\u003cp>However, Alameda County also said that everyone present at Sons of Liberty Alehouse during this timeframe should also watch for symptoms of measles. These symptoms can appear “in seven to 21 days,” say county officials, which means that if you were exposed on March 9 at Sons of Liberty Alehouse, symptoms of measles could have started on March 16 or could take until March 30 to emerge.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Those symptoms include fever, cough, runny nose, red eyes, and a rash that can last up to a week. \u003ca href=\"https://www.cdc.gov/measles/symptoms/signs-symptoms.html\">Read more about the symptoms of measles from the CDC.\u003c/a>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Alameda County health officials stress that if you develop measles symptoms, you should “call your medical facility before going there and inform them that you may have been exposed to measles so that the facility can take measures to protect other patients and visitors.”\u003c/p>\n\u003ch2>If this possible measles exposure happened on March 9, why is Alameda County only releasing information about it now?\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>Alameda County health officials are “in contact with everyone that was exposed to this individual,” Trivedi said, and those people are being monitored to see if they develop symptoms within that seven to 21-day timeframe.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“The exposures at Sons of Liberty are the only exposures we don’t have specific names and contact information for — that’s why we released the exposure notification [Tuesday] to the public,” Trivedi said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Trivedi stressed that the person involved was not aware they had measles at the time of their visit and later came forward. “Unless they already know they were exposed to measles, it typically takes time for people with measles to realize the nature of their illness, seek medical care and to complete the diagnostic testing,” Trivedi said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Once we have information about a measles case, we work as quickly as possible to identify and inform people who may have been exposed.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11980289\" class=\"wp-caption alignnone\" style=\"max-width: 1920px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-full wp-image-11980289\" src=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/03/GettyImages-1718981175_qut.jpg\" alt=\"A pair of gloved hands fills a syringe from a vial of vaccine.\" width=\"1920\" height=\"1281\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/03/GettyImages-1718981175_qut.jpg 1920w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/03/GettyImages-1718981175_qut-800x534.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/03/GettyImages-1718981175_qut-1020x681.jpg 1020w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/03/GettyImages-1718981175_qut-160x107.jpg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/03/GettyImages-1718981175_qut-1536x1025.jpg 1536w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 1920px) 100vw, 1920px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">The measles vaccine is offered as part of routine childhood immunizations in the United States. \u003ccite>(Andrii Zorii/Getty )\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003ch2>\u003ca id=\"measlesvaccine\">\u003c/a>I’m vaccinated against measles. Could I still get infected with measles from an exposure like this?\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>Four years of the COVID-19 pandemic have taught us that being vaccinated against a virus doesn’t necessarily mean you won’t get infected with that virus. The COVID-19 vaccine, for example, does somewhat reduce your chances of being infected — although t\u003ca href=\"https://www.cdc.gov/ncird/whats-new/5-things-you-should-know.html\">he CDC said that “protection against infection tends to be modest and sometimes short-lived”\u003c/a> — but it also means you’re much less likely to get severely ill if you do get infected.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>However, \u003ca href=\"https://www.cdc.gov/measles/about/faqs.html#:~:text=Could%20I%20still%20get%20measles,should%20have%20to%20the%20vaccine.\">the measles vaccine \u003ci>is \u003c/i>incredibly effective at protecting against infections, the CDC said\u003c/a>, and two doses of measles vaccine are “about 97% effective” at preventing measles if you’re exposed. (One dose, the CDC said, is “about 93% effective.”)\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>As for why “about three out of 100” people vaccinated against measles will still get measles after exposure, the CDC said that experts “aren’t sure why” and that this could be due to the responsiveness of an individual’s immune system to the vaccine. “But the good news is, fully vaccinated people who get measles seem more likely to have a milder illness,” the CDC said — and fully vaccinated people “seem also less likely to spread the disease to other people.”\u003c/p>\n\u003ch2>Remind me: What is measles, and why is it so dangerous?\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"https://www.cdc.gov/measles/symptoms/signs-symptoms.html\">Measles (also known as rubeola) is a very contagious virus\u003c/a> that is spread through direct contact with infectious droplets. The virus can also spread through the air when a person with measles breathes, coughs, or sneezes.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“One person infected with measles can infect nine out of 10 unvaccinated individuals with whom they come into close contact,” Alameda County officials said in a statement.\u003c/p>\n\u003cul>\n\u003cli>\u003cstrong>\u003ca href=\"#tellus\">Tell us: What else do you need information about right now?\u003c/a>\u003c/strong>\u003c/li>\n\u003c/ul>\n\u003cp>“As a frame of reference, a measles case is infectious four days before a rash onset when they do not know that they are contagious,” Trivedi said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Measles can be especially dangerous for babies and young children. \u003ca href=\"https://www.cdc.gov/measles/symptoms/complications.html\">People who get measles can also develop complications\u003c/a>, including diarrhea, ear infections, pneumonia (an infection of the lungs) and encephalitis (a brain infection). In some people, measles can be deadly.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003ch2>\u003ca id=\"measlesvaccinerecord\">\u003c/a>I don’t know if I’m vaccinated against measles. How can I check?\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>Measles is preventable with the combined Measles, Mumps, and Rubella (MMR) vaccine, and \u003ca href=\"https://www.cdc.gov/measles/about/history.html\">vaccination against measles has been part of routine childhood immunization for decades\u003c/a>. \u003ca href=\"https://www.cdc.gov/vaccines/vpd/mmr/public/index.html#\">The CDC recommends that children get two doses of the MMR vaccine\u003c/a>, starting with the first dose at 12–15 months old with the second dose at 4–6 years of age.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Everyone over 12 months of age is recommended to get vaccinated against measles, although the combined Measles, Mumps, Rubella and Varicella (MMRV) vaccine is \u003ca href=\"https://www.cdc.gov/vaccines/vpd/mmr/public/index.html#\">only licensed for use in children under 12 years of age\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Alameda County recommends that you \u003ca href=\"https://www.cdc.gov/vaccines/parents/records/keeping-track.html\">check your immunization records\u003c/a> if you’re uncertain whether you’re vaccinated against measles. You can also contact your provider or your child’s pediatrician for further information about protection against measles.\u003c/p>\n\u003ch2>I thought measles was very rare. Why is this measles investigation happening?\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>“There are a large number of measles cases currently identified in the United States,” said Trivedi, who noted that in 2024, \u003ca href=\"https://www.cdc.gov/measles/cases-outbreaks.html\">the country had seen as many cases of measles — 58 — in under three months as it did in all of 2023.\u003c/a>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>According to the state’s most recent data from March 13,\u003ca href=\"https://www.cdph.ca.gov/Programs/CID/DCDC/Pages/Immunization/measles.aspx\"> California has seen four confirmed measles cases so far in 2024\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>There had been no rise in cases in Alameda County, Trivedi said, “likely because of the high vaccination rates in our communities.” The CDC notes that\u003ca href=\"https://www.cdc.gov/globalhealth/measles/data/global-measles-outbreaks.html\"> the COVID-19 pandemic has generally impacted vaccination rates globally\u003c/a> because “over 61 million doses of measles-containing vaccine were postponed or missed from 2020 to 2022” due to pandemic-related delays.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Trivedi also emphasized the importance of \u003ca href=\"https://www.cdc.gov/measles/plan-for-travel.html\">measles awareness and being up-to-date on vaccines \u003c/a>when traveling internationally from the United States, noting that “globally, measles cases are on the rise due to low vaccination rates in some places.” The measles vaccine is routinely recommended only for children 12 months and older, so if you intend to travel internationally with a child aged between 6 and 12 months, \u003ca href=\"https://www.cdc.gov/measles/plan-for-travel.html\">you may be able to secure them an early MMR vaccination\u003c/a> due to the measles risk they may face abroad being unvaccinated.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>This story contains reporting from KQED’s Samantha Lim.\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\u003ch2>\u003ca id=\"tellus\">\u003c/a>Tell us: What else do you need information about?\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>At KQED News, we know that it can sometimes be hard to track down the answers to navigate life in the Bay Area in 2024. We’ve published \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/news/tag/coronavirus-resources-and-explainers\">clear, practical explainers and guides about COVID-19\u003c/a>, \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/news/11936674/how-to-prepare-for-this-weeks-atmospheric-river-storm-sandbags-emergency-kits-and-more\">how to cope with intense winter weather,\u003c/a> and \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/news/11821950/how-to-safely-attend-a-protest-in-the-bay-area\">how to exercise your right to protest safely\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>So tell us: What do you need to know more about? Tell us, and you could see your question answered online or on social media. What you submit will make our reporting stronger and help us decide what to cover here on our site and on KQED Public Radio, too.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[hearken id=\"10483\" src=\"https://modules.wearehearken.com/kqed/embed/10483.js\"]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad floatright]\u003c/p>\n",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>They also asked others who may have been present during that timeframe to monitor themselves for symptoms of measles, which can emerge between seven and 21 days after exposure.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“At this time, we are not aware of anyone who developed measles due to this exposure at Sons of Liberty,” said Dr. Kavita Trivedi, director of clinical guidance and communicable disease controller at the Alameda County Public Health Department, in a press conference on Wednesday.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cb>Jump straight to:\u003c/b>\u003c/p>\n\u003cul>\n\u003cli>\u003cstrong>\u003ca href=\"#measlesexposurealameda\">If I think I was exposed in San Leandro on March 9, what should I do?\u003c/a>\u003c/strong>\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>\u003cstrong>\u003ca href=\"#measlesvaccine\">Can I still get measles if I’m vaccinated?\u003c/a>\u003c/strong>\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>\u003cstrong>\u003ca href=\"#measlesvaccinerecord\">How can I check if I’m vaccinated against measles?\u003c/a>\u003c/strong>\u003c/li>\n\u003c/ul>\n\u003cp>Trivedi said the county was now “acting out of an abundance of caution to reach people who may have been exposed” and stressed that this was not being treated as a measles outbreak. “This is a measles investigation,” Trivedi said, “and we want to be in touch with all people that were contacts of this case.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Officials say that the infectious person who was at Sons of Liberty Alehouse on March 9 was unaware they had measles at the time of their visit. Trivedi also emphasized that “the patient did not become infected at Sons of Liberty,” but rather that “we believe the person contracted measles while traveling internationally a few weeks prior to illness.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Trivedi said that Alameda County could not disclose the exact location of this person’s travel for confidentiality reasons but instead pointed people to \u003ca href=\"https://www.cdc.gov/globalhealth/measles/data/global-measles-outbreaks.html\">the list of international countries with current measles outbreaks \u003c/a>provided by the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC).\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Keep reading for what to know about this measles case in Alameda County, what to do if you think you — or somebody you know — might have been exposed on March 9, and why the measles virus is taken so seriously.\u003c/p>\n\u003ch2>\u003ca id=\"measlesexposurealameda\">\u003c/a>I was at Sons of Liberty Alehouse between 4:45 p.m. and 7:30 p.m. on March 9. What should I do?\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>If you were present during this timeframe provided by Alameda County health officials, they say that you should call your health care provider and also the Alameda County Public Health Department at 510-267-3250 right away if you (or your child) are:\u003c/p>\n\u003cul>\n\u003cli>An infant 11 months of age or younger\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>Not vaccinated for measles\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>Unsure whether you’re vaccinated for measles\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>Pregnant\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>Immunocompromised (i.e., you have a weakened immune system)\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>A health care worker\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>A childcare provider.\u003c/li>\n\u003c/ul>\n\u003cp>However, Alameda County also said that everyone present at Sons of Liberty Alehouse during this timeframe should also watch for symptoms of measles. These symptoms can appear “in seven to 21 days,” say county officials, which means that if you were exposed on March 9 at Sons of Liberty Alehouse, symptoms of measles could have started on March 16 or could take until March 30 to emerge.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Those symptoms include fever, cough, runny nose, red eyes, and a rash that can last up to a week. \u003ca href=\"https://www.cdc.gov/measles/symptoms/signs-symptoms.html\">Read more about the symptoms of measles from the CDC.\u003c/a>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Alameda County health officials stress that if you develop measles symptoms, you should “call your medical facility before going there and inform them that you may have been exposed to measles so that the facility can take measures to protect other patients and visitors.”\u003c/p>\n\u003ch2>If this possible measles exposure happened on March 9, why is Alameda County only releasing information about it now?\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>Alameda County health officials are “in contact with everyone that was exposed to this individual,” Trivedi said, and those people are being monitored to see if they develop symptoms within that seven to 21-day timeframe.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“The exposures at Sons of Liberty are the only exposures we don’t have specific names and contact information for — that’s why we released the exposure notification [Tuesday] to the public,” Trivedi said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Trivedi stressed that the person involved was not aware they had measles at the time of their visit and later came forward. “Unless they already know they were exposed to measles, it typically takes time for people with measles to realize the nature of their illness, seek medical care and to complete the diagnostic testing,” Trivedi said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Once we have information about a measles case, we work as quickly as possible to identify and inform people who may have been exposed.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11980289\" class=\"wp-caption alignnone\" style=\"max-width: 1920px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-full wp-image-11980289\" src=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/03/GettyImages-1718981175_qut.jpg\" alt=\"A pair of gloved hands fills a syringe from a vial of vaccine.\" width=\"1920\" height=\"1281\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/03/GettyImages-1718981175_qut.jpg 1920w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/03/GettyImages-1718981175_qut-800x534.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/03/GettyImages-1718981175_qut-1020x681.jpg 1020w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/03/GettyImages-1718981175_qut-160x107.jpg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/03/GettyImages-1718981175_qut-1536x1025.jpg 1536w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 1920px) 100vw, 1920px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">The measles vaccine is offered as part of routine childhood immunizations in the United States. \u003ccite>(Andrii Zorii/Getty )\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003ch2>\u003ca id=\"measlesvaccine\">\u003c/a>I’m vaccinated against measles. Could I still get infected with measles from an exposure like this?\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>Four years of the COVID-19 pandemic have taught us that being vaccinated against a virus doesn’t necessarily mean you won’t get infected with that virus. The COVID-19 vaccine, for example, does somewhat reduce your chances of being infected — although t\u003ca href=\"https://www.cdc.gov/ncird/whats-new/5-things-you-should-know.html\">he CDC said that “protection against infection tends to be modest and sometimes short-lived”\u003c/a> — but it also means you’re much less likely to get severely ill if you do get infected.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>However, \u003ca href=\"https://www.cdc.gov/measles/about/faqs.html#:~:text=Could%20I%20still%20get%20measles,should%20have%20to%20the%20vaccine.\">the measles vaccine \u003ci>is \u003c/i>incredibly effective at protecting against infections, the CDC said\u003c/a>, and two doses of measles vaccine are “about 97% effective” at preventing measles if you’re exposed. (One dose, the CDC said, is “about 93% effective.”)\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>As for why “about three out of 100” people vaccinated against measles will still get measles after exposure, the CDC said that experts “aren’t sure why” and that this could be due to the responsiveness of an individual’s immune system to the vaccine. “But the good news is, fully vaccinated people who get measles seem more likely to have a milder illness,” the CDC said — and fully vaccinated people “seem also less likely to spread the disease to other people.”\u003c/p>\n\u003ch2>Remind me: What is measles, and why is it so dangerous?\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"https://www.cdc.gov/measles/symptoms/signs-symptoms.html\">Measles (also known as rubeola) is a very contagious virus\u003c/a> that is spread through direct contact with infectious droplets. The virus can also spread through the air when a person with measles breathes, coughs, or sneezes.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“One person infected with measles can infect nine out of 10 unvaccinated individuals with whom they come into close contact,” Alameda County officials said in a statement.\u003c/p>\n\u003cul>\n\u003cli>\u003cstrong>\u003ca href=\"#tellus\">Tell us: What else do you need information about right now?\u003c/a>\u003c/strong>\u003c/li>\n\u003c/ul>\n\u003cp>“As a frame of reference, a measles case is infectious four days before a rash onset when they do not know that they are contagious,” Trivedi said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Measles can be especially dangerous for babies and young children. \u003ca href=\"https://www.cdc.gov/measles/symptoms/complications.html\">People who get measles can also develop complications\u003c/a>, including diarrhea, ear infections, pneumonia (an infection of the lungs) and encephalitis (a brain infection). In some people, measles can be deadly.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003ch2>\u003ca id=\"measlesvaccinerecord\">\u003c/a>I don’t know if I’m vaccinated against measles. How can I check?\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>Measles is preventable with the combined Measles, Mumps, and Rubella (MMR) vaccine, and \u003ca href=\"https://www.cdc.gov/measles/about/history.html\">vaccination against measles has been part of routine childhood immunization for decades\u003c/a>. \u003ca href=\"https://www.cdc.gov/vaccines/vpd/mmr/public/index.html#\">The CDC recommends that children get two doses of the MMR vaccine\u003c/a>, starting with the first dose at 12–15 months old with the second dose at 4–6 years of age.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Everyone over 12 months of age is recommended to get vaccinated against measles, although the combined Measles, Mumps, Rubella and Varicella (MMRV) vaccine is \u003ca href=\"https://www.cdc.gov/vaccines/vpd/mmr/public/index.html#\">only licensed for use in children under 12 years of age\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Alameda County recommends that you \u003ca href=\"https://www.cdc.gov/vaccines/parents/records/keeping-track.html\">check your immunization records\u003c/a> if you’re uncertain whether you’re vaccinated against measles. You can also contact your provider or your child’s pediatrician for further information about protection against measles.\u003c/p>\n\u003ch2>I thought measles was very rare. Why is this measles investigation happening?\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>“There are a large number of measles cases currently identified in the United States,” said Trivedi, who noted that in 2024, \u003ca href=\"https://www.cdc.gov/measles/cases-outbreaks.html\">the country had seen as many cases of measles — 58 — in under three months as it did in all of 2023.\u003c/a>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>According to the state’s most recent data from March 13,\u003ca href=\"https://www.cdph.ca.gov/Programs/CID/DCDC/Pages/Immunization/measles.aspx\"> California has seen four confirmed measles cases so far in 2024\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>There had been no rise in cases in Alameda County, Trivedi said, “likely because of the high vaccination rates in our communities.” The CDC notes that\u003ca href=\"https://www.cdc.gov/globalhealth/measles/data/global-measles-outbreaks.html\"> the COVID-19 pandemic has generally impacted vaccination rates globally\u003c/a> because “over 61 million doses of measles-containing vaccine were postponed or missed from 2020 to 2022” due to pandemic-related delays.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Trivedi also emphasized the importance of \u003ca href=\"https://www.cdc.gov/measles/plan-for-travel.html\">measles awareness and being up-to-date on vaccines \u003c/a>when traveling internationally from the United States, noting that “globally, measles cases are on the rise due to low vaccination rates in some places.” The measles vaccine is routinely recommended only for children 12 months and older, so if you intend to travel internationally with a child aged between 6 and 12 months, \u003ca href=\"https://www.cdc.gov/measles/plan-for-travel.html\">you may be able to secure them an early MMR vaccination\u003c/a> due to the measles risk they may face abroad being unvaccinated.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>This story contains reporting from KQED’s Samantha Lim.\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\u003ch2>\u003ca id=\"tellus\">\u003c/a>Tell us: What else do you need information about?\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>At KQED News, we know that it can sometimes be hard to track down the answers to navigate life in the Bay Area in 2024. We’ve published \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/news/tag/coronavirus-resources-and-explainers\">clear, practical explainers and guides about COVID-19\u003c/a>, \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/news/11936674/how-to-prepare-for-this-weeks-atmospheric-river-storm-sandbags-emergency-kits-and-more\">how to cope with intense winter weather,\u003c/a> and \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/news/11821950/how-to-safely-attend-a-protest-in-the-bay-area\">how to exercise your right to protest safely\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>So tell us: What do you need to know more about? Tell us, and you could see your question answered online or on social media. What you submit will make our reporting stronger and help us decide what to cover here on our site and on KQED Public Radio, too.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cp>A 2015 \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/stateofhealth/222927/californias-new-vaccine-law-expected-to-send-disease-rates-plummeting\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">California law\u003c/a> that eliminated personal belief exemptions for childhood vaccines appears to be working, according to new research out Monday, which found a hike in vaccination rates among children statewide.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The UC San Francisco \u003ca href=\"https://www.ucsf.edu/news/2019/12/416271/barring-nonmedical-exemptions-increases-vaccination-rates-study-finds\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">study,\u003c/a> published in the journal “PLOS Medicine,” concluded that the state’s stricter immunization requirements have resulted in more kids getting vaccinated.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Researchers estimated the number of children in California who would have received the vaccine for measles, mumps and rubella (MMR) without the law, and compared that to the number vaccinated after the legislation — \u003ca href=\"https://leginfo.legislature.ca.gov/faces/billNavClient.xhtml?bill_id=201520160SB277\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">SB 277\u003c/a> — went into effect.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[aside tag=\"vaccines\" label=\"Related coverage\"]The \u003ca href=\"https://www.latimes.com/science/sciencenow/la-sci-sn-vaccine-medical-exemptions-20181029-story.html\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">law requires\u003c/a> every child taught in school classrooms or enrolled in a child care facility — with the exemption of students who receive medical exemptions from doctors — to be fully immunized against 10 communicable diseases: diphtheria, hepatitis B, haemophilus influenzae Type B, measles, mumps, pertussis (whooping cough), poliomyelitis, rubella, tetanus and varicella (chickenpox).\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Researchers also compared California’s vaccination rates with those of other states that still have personal belief exemptions, factoring in demographic variations.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Vaccination rates went up across California, particularly in counties like Sonoma and Santa Cruz, where rates have lingered below the statewide average. the report found. Non-medical exemptions decreased statewide by 2.4%, while medical exemptions increased 0.4%.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“When we look at those high-risk counties, we see the largest increases in vaccine coverage. 10-plus percent jumps in those areas,” said UCSF public health researcher Dr. Nathan Lo.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>These changes brought the vaccination rate to 95% in almost all California counties, enough to provide “herd” immunity, or rates high enough that a contagious disease is less likely to spread.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>It also means that a significant number of parents who previously received non-medical exemptions ended up complying with the law.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“So that nudge is enough to push the majority of these children to get properly vaccinated,” Lo said, adding that other states and countries would be wise to follow California’s lead.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>A 2015 \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/stateofhealth/222927/californias-new-vaccine-law-expected-to-send-disease-rates-plummeting\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">California law\u003c/a> that eliminated personal belief exemptions for childhood vaccines appears to be working, according to new research out Monday, which found a hike in vaccination rates among children statewide.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The UC San Francisco \u003ca href=\"https://www.ucsf.edu/news/2019/12/416271/barring-nonmedical-exemptions-increases-vaccination-rates-study-finds\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">study,\u003c/a> published in the journal “PLOS Medicine,” concluded that the state’s stricter immunization requirements have resulted in more kids getting vaccinated.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Researchers estimated the number of children in California who would have received the vaccine for measles, mumps and rubella (MMR) without the law, and compared that to the number vaccinated after the legislation — \u003ca href=\"https://leginfo.legislature.ca.gov/faces/billNavClient.xhtml?bill_id=201520160SB277\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">SB 277\u003c/a> — went into effect.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>The \u003ca href=\"https://www.latimes.com/science/sciencenow/la-sci-sn-vaccine-medical-exemptions-20181029-story.html\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">law requires\u003c/a> every child taught in school classrooms or enrolled in a child care facility — with the exemption of students who receive medical exemptions from doctors — to be fully immunized against 10 communicable diseases: diphtheria, hepatitis B, haemophilus influenzae Type B, measles, mumps, pertussis (whooping cough), poliomyelitis, rubella, tetanus and varicella (chickenpox).\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Researchers also compared California’s vaccination rates with those of other states that still have personal belief exemptions, factoring in demographic variations.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Vaccination rates went up across California, particularly in counties like Sonoma and Santa Cruz, where rates have lingered below the statewide average. the report found. Non-medical exemptions decreased statewide by 2.4%, while medical exemptions increased 0.4%.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“When we look at those high-risk counties, we see the largest increases in vaccine coverage. 10-plus percent jumps in those areas,” said UCSF public health researcher Dr. Nathan Lo.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>These changes brought the vaccination rate to 95% in almost all California counties, enough to provide “herd” immunity, or rates high enough that a contagious disease is less likely to spread.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>It also means that a significant number of parents who previously received non-medical exemptions ended up complying with the law.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“So that nudge is enough to push the majority of these children to get properly vaccinated,” Lo said, adding that other states and countries would be wise to follow California’s lead.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cp>Destination: Bulgaria. A tiny country in Eastern Europe typically overlooked by American tourists. But my husband’s father grew up in Bulgaria, so it’s long been on our travel list.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>It’s also on the list of countries with measles outbreaks. Bulgaria has had almost 800 cases this year, \u003ca href=\"https://www.who.int/immunization/monitoring_surveillance/burden/vpd/surveillance_type/active/measles_monthlydata/en/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">according to the World Health Organization\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In California, four of the five outbreaks that occurred in the state this year were linked to international travel. Most travelers were infected in the Philippines or Ukraine, which are experiencing severe outbreaks, and 37% of cases were imported from Europe overall. New measles infections continue to be reported, with California now at 65 cases \u003ca href=\"https://www.cdph.ca.gov/Programs/CID/DCDC/Pages/Immunization/measles.aspx\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">as of Aug. 14\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[aside tag='measles' label='More on measles']\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Measles is highly contagious. If someone who’s sick visits a popular tourist site and coughs, or rides the subway and sneezes, the virus can live in the air for two hours after they leave. If people who are unvaccinated pass through the same place, 90% of them will get sick.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>That’s why my travel nurse wanted to check on my vaccination status before I left for Bulgaria. This is routine for Gen Xers and Millennials born in the ’70s and ’80s because when the measles, mumps, rubella vaccine (MMR) was first introduced in 1971, scientists recommended just one dose. But over the years, they noticed some kids still got measles. It wasn’t until 1989 that they \u003ca href=\"https://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/preview/mmwrhtml/00041753.htm\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">changed the guidelines\u003c/a> to two doses.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But a lot of people, like me, who are now in their 30s and 40s, aren’t sure if they ever got the second dose.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>So my travel nurse recommended I go to the lab to get a blood test to check my immunity. It’s a basic test that looks for antibodies to measles and should come back positive or negative, yes or no.\u003c/p>\n\u003cdiv>\n\u003caside class=\"alignright\">\u003cb>Vaccinated, But Still Getting Sick?\u003c/b>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: normal\">\u003cbr>\nIn California, the vast majority of measles cases have been \u003ca href=\"https://www.cdph.ca.gov/Programs/CID/DCDC/Pages/Immunization/measles.aspx\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">in adults – 77%\u003c/a>. What’s more, a majority of cases – 51% – have been in people who were already vaccinated: 44% had two doses of the measles vaccine and 7% had one. How is this possible?\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: normal\">Back in the 1970s, when the current measles vaccine was first developed, health officials recommended people get one dose. But over the years, they noticed it only worked for 93% of people who got it – about 7% still got sick.\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: normal\">So, in 1989, they recommended people get two doses of the vaccine. And that worked for 97% of people. But that still leaves 3% of people who are fully vaccinated susceptible to the disease.\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: normal\">“We do believe that there are some people who get two doses of measles vaccine and were never immune,” said Dr. James Watt, chief of communicable disease control at the California Department of Public Health. “For some reason their body just didn’t respond to the vaccine. And that’s why the vaccine is 97% effective and not 100% effective.”\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: normal\">That’s why you can have people who are fully vaccinated still get measles. And in California, we have a high vaccination rate. So because we have more vaccinated people, they make up a higher proportion of those who get sick.\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: normal\">“Just an illustration of that is that some of the adult cases we have had have been in health care workers, who tend to have a higher vaccination coverage than the general population,” he said.\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: normal\">The takeaway, Watt said, is that the measles vaccine is still one of the most effective vaccines we have. It’s the reason measles was declared eradicated from the U.S. almost 20 years ago. Today, most measles cases we see here are imported from other countries.\u003cbr>\n\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\u003c/aside>\n\u003c/div>\n\u003cp>But my results came back “borderline.” In other words, maybe I’m immune, maybe I’m not.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“The blood test is imperfect,” said Dr. Art Reingold, a professor of epidemiology at UC Berkeley. “If you have antibodies, then we’re pretty certain you’re immune. But if you don’t have antibodies you may still be immune, but your antibodies are not detectable by the test.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>So it’s possible I got a false negative. But there’s no way to know for sure.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“I know a lot of people who would say that’s a good reason not to do testing,” Reingold said with a laugh. “Because you get these results, you don’t know how to interpret them, people worry.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>So now what? My doctor suggested getting another dose of measles vaccine. It’s safe. But when I look into it, it turns out, there are some side effects in adults that don’t occur in babies: \u003ca href=\"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK234372/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">25% of women and teenage girls\u003c/a> get acute arthritis one to three weeks after getting the vaccine.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>That would be right in the middle of my trip, right when my husband and I are due to arrive at Bulgaria’s Black Sea Coast.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>I imagined lying on the beach, meditating on the rolling waves — wracked with joint pain.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“That would suck,” I said to my husband, when we talked it through.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Yeah,” he replied. “But wouldn’t it be more of a bummer to get measles?”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>So I went back to the experts. This time I spoke with Dr. Lisa Winston, an epidemiologist at San Francisco General Hospital.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“I can fully appreciate getting measles is not something you want,” she said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>She tells me not to worry about the acute arthritis, which really means sudden onset and short lived. And she says the joint pain is typically mild, nothing a couple ibuprofen wouldn’t take care of.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>On top of that, the side effect is caused by the rubella part of the measles, mumps, rubella vaccine, and rarely occurs in women who have had one dose of MMR already.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“I would say that if the choice is between ‘I’m a little worried that I may get this arthritis or some joint pain,’ versus ‘I’m going someplace where I’m really going to be at risk for measles,’ the balance would swing towards being vaccinated for sure,” Winston said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[pullquote size='medium' align='right' citation='Dr. Lisa Winston, an epidemiologist at San Francisco General Hospital']‘I would say that if the choice is between “I’m a little worried that I may get this arthritis or some joint pain,” versus “I’m going someplace where I’m really going to be at risk for measles,” the balance would swing towards being vaccinated for sure.’[/pullquote]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But before I went through the trouble of another medical visit, I wanted to make sure I really needed it. My mom was a nurse, and she kept my pediatric vaccine records. Squeezed in the margin, scrawled in black pen, it says that I got a second dose of the vaccine when I was 11. But the handwriting is hard to read and it looks so … unofficial. This is why I got the blood test.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Winston tells me, in general, medical records are more reliable than the blood test.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“For somebody who knows that they have been vaccinated, who has their history, you would actually be considered immune regardless of what your blood test shows,” she said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Bottom line, if you’re not sure what your vaccination status is and you’re traveling to a country with a known measles outbreak, there’s no harm getting a second dose of vaccine. But if you know you’ve had two doses, there’s no benefit to getting a third.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad floatright]\u003c/p>\n",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>Destination: Bulgaria. A tiny country in Eastern Europe typically overlooked by American tourists. But my husband’s father grew up in Bulgaria, so it’s long been on our travel list.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>It’s also on the list of countries with measles outbreaks. Bulgaria has had almost 800 cases this year, \u003ca href=\"https://www.who.int/immunization/monitoring_surveillance/burden/vpd/surveillance_type/active/measles_monthlydata/en/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">according to the World Health Organization\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In California, four of the five outbreaks that occurred in the state this year were linked to international travel. Most travelers were infected in the Philippines or Ukraine, which are experiencing severe outbreaks, and 37% of cases were imported from Europe overall. New measles infections continue to be reported, with California now at 65 cases \u003ca href=\"https://www.cdph.ca.gov/Programs/CID/DCDC/Pages/Immunization/measles.aspx\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">as of Aug. 14\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Measles is highly contagious. If someone who’s sick visits a popular tourist site and coughs, or rides the subway and sneezes, the virus can live in the air for two hours after they leave. If people who are unvaccinated pass through the same place, 90% of them will get sick.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>That’s why my travel nurse wanted to check on my vaccination status before I left for Bulgaria. This is routine for Gen Xers and Millennials born in the ’70s and ’80s because when the measles, mumps, rubella vaccine (MMR) was first introduced in 1971, scientists recommended just one dose. But over the years, they noticed some kids still got measles. It wasn’t until 1989 that they \u003ca href=\"https://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/preview/mmwrhtml/00041753.htm\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">changed the guidelines\u003c/a> to two doses.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But a lot of people, like me, who are now in their 30s and 40s, aren’t sure if they ever got the second dose.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>So my travel nurse recommended I go to the lab to get a blood test to check my immunity. It’s a basic test that looks for antibodies to measles and should come back positive or negative, yes or no.\u003c/p>\n\u003cdiv>\n\u003caside class=\"alignright\">\u003cb>Vaccinated, But Still Getting Sick?\u003c/b>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: normal\">\u003cbr>\nIn California, the vast majority of measles cases have been \u003ca href=\"https://www.cdph.ca.gov/Programs/CID/DCDC/Pages/Immunization/measles.aspx\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">in adults – 77%\u003c/a>. What’s more, a majority of cases – 51% – have been in people who were already vaccinated: 44% had two doses of the measles vaccine and 7% had one. How is this possible?\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: normal\">Back in the 1970s, when the current measles vaccine was first developed, health officials recommended people get one dose. But over the years, they noticed it only worked for 93% of people who got it – about 7% still got sick.\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: normal\">So, in 1989, they recommended people get two doses of the vaccine. And that worked for 97% of people. But that still leaves 3% of people who are fully vaccinated susceptible to the disease.\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: normal\">“We do believe that there are some people who get two doses of measles vaccine and were never immune,” said Dr. James Watt, chief of communicable disease control at the California Department of Public Health. “For some reason their body just didn’t respond to the vaccine. And that’s why the vaccine is 97% effective and not 100% effective.”\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: normal\">That’s why you can have people who are fully vaccinated still get measles. And in California, we have a high vaccination rate. So because we have more vaccinated people, they make up a higher proportion of those who get sick.\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: normal\">“Just an illustration of that is that some of the adult cases we have had have been in health care workers, who tend to have a higher vaccination coverage than the general population,” he said.\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: normal\">The takeaway, Watt said, is that the measles vaccine is still one of the most effective vaccines we have. It’s the reason measles was declared eradicated from the U.S. almost 20 years ago. Today, most measles cases we see here are imported from other countries.\u003cbr>\n\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\u003c/aside>\n\u003c/div>\n\u003cp>But my results came back “borderline.” In other words, maybe I’m immune, maybe I’m not.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“The blood test is imperfect,” said Dr. Art Reingold, a professor of epidemiology at UC Berkeley. “If you have antibodies, then we’re pretty certain you’re immune. But if you don’t have antibodies you may still be immune, but your antibodies are not detectable by the test.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>So it’s possible I got a false negative. But there’s no way to know for sure.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“I know a lot of people who would say that’s a good reason not to do testing,” Reingold said with a laugh. “Because you get these results, you don’t know how to interpret them, people worry.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>So now what? My doctor suggested getting another dose of measles vaccine. It’s safe. But when I look into it, it turns out, there are some side effects in adults that don’t occur in babies: \u003ca href=\"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK234372/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">25% of women and teenage girls\u003c/a> get acute arthritis one to three weeks after getting the vaccine.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>That would be right in the middle of my trip, right when my husband and I are due to arrive at Bulgaria’s Black Sea Coast.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>I imagined lying on the beach, meditating on the rolling waves — wracked with joint pain.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“That would suck,” I said to my husband, when we talked it through.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Yeah,” he replied. “But wouldn’t it be more of a bummer to get measles?”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>So I went back to the experts. This time I spoke with Dr. Lisa Winston, an epidemiologist at San Francisco General Hospital.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“I can fully appreciate getting measles is not something you want,” she said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>She tells me not to worry about the acute arthritis, which really means sudden onset and short lived. And she says the joint pain is typically mild, nothing a couple ibuprofen wouldn’t take care of.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>On top of that, the side effect is caused by the rubella part of the measles, mumps, rubella vaccine, and rarely occurs in women who have had one dose of MMR already.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“I would say that if the choice is between ‘I’m a little worried that I may get this arthritis or some joint pain,’ versus ‘I’m going someplace where I’m really going to be at risk for measles,’ the balance would swing towards being vaccinated for sure,” Winston said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But before I went through the trouble of another medical visit, I wanted to make sure I really needed it. My mom was a nurse, and she kept my pediatric vaccine records. Squeezed in the margin, scrawled in black pen, it says that I got a second dose of the vaccine when I was 11. But the handwriting is hard to read and it looks so … unofficial. This is why I got the blood test.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Winston tells me, in general, medical records are more reliable than the blood test.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“For somebody who knows that they have been vaccinated, who has their history, you would actually be considered immune regardless of what your blood test shows,” she said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Bottom line, if you’re not sure what your vaccination status is and you’re traveling to a country with a known measles outbreak, there’s no harm getting a second dose of vaccine. But if you know you’ve had two doses, there’s no benefit to getting a third.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"disqusTitle": "Measles Case Confirmed in Berkeley",
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"content": "\u003cp>A Berkeley resident was infected with measles last week, according to Berkeley health officials.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The infected individual is no longer contagious, but those who crossed paths with that person at the Berkeley Bowl could be at risk of contracting the disease, the city officials said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The adult Berkeley resident was reportedly shopping at the popular South Berkeley store between 3 and 5 p.m on May 7.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The city first became aware of the potential measles case on May 11 and confirmed it on Monday, said Lisa Hernandez, a city health officer.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“We do a thorough interview, and understand and ascertain the person’s movement and the risk of those movements,” Hernandez said on Friday.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>When asked whether the person went elsewhere in Berkeley while they were infected, Hernandez said the investigation identified Berkeley Bowl as the only relevant location. She said no further information will be released about the infected person’s identity.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Berkeley Bowl has been notified about the case, and the store is perfectly safe to enter now, said Matthai Chakko, a spokesman for the city.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Measles is an extremely contagious airborne virus. The disease is at a 25-year high across the country, but this is Berkeley’s first recently documented case.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The outbreaks have prompted concerns about those who have not received the measles, mumps and rubella (MMR) vaccine, which is typically given to young children in two doses.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“This effective and easy protection is important because the virus itself is easily transmitted: an infected person’s cough or sneeze can linger in the air for up to an hour – at which point the risk dissipates,” the city said in a news release Friday.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>California children are required to get vaccinated before they turn five, but until recently there were exemptions for families whose personal belief systems prohibited vaccination.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Medical exemptions are still granted, and the number of children who receive them has grown since the personal-belief exemption was eliminated. Proposed state legislation, Senate Bill 276, would require stronger state oversight and documentation of those medical exemptions. The Berkeley School Board passed a resolution this month supporting the bill.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>A small Berkeley private school, Berkeley Rose Waldorf School, had one of the lowest kindergarten immunization rates in the Bay Area in 2017-18, with just 29% of those students vaccinated (some might not yet have reached the cut-off age for mandatory vaccines when that data was reported).\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Initial symptoms, which appear one to three weeks after exposure, include runny noses, red eyes, coughs and fevers, said the city news release. After that, the signature measles rash typically starts on the face and spreads elsewhere.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“If you have concerns, connect with your medical provider,” Hernandez said, adding that those experiencing potential symptoms should notify their providers before showing up in person.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>\u003ca href=\"https://www.berkeleyside.com/2019/05/17/measles-case-confirmed-in-berkeley\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">This story\u003c/a> was first published by Berkeleyside on Friday, May 17.\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\n",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>A Berkeley resident was infected with measles last week, according to Berkeley health officials.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The infected individual is no longer contagious, but those who crossed paths with that person at the Berkeley Bowl could be at risk of contracting the disease, the city officials said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The adult Berkeley resident was reportedly shopping at the popular South Berkeley store between 3 and 5 p.m on May 7.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The city first became aware of the potential measles case on May 11 and confirmed it on Monday, said Lisa Hernandez, a city health officer.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“We do a thorough interview, and understand and ascertain the person’s movement and the risk of those movements,” Hernandez said on Friday.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>When asked whether the person went elsewhere in Berkeley while they were infected, Hernandez said the investigation identified Berkeley Bowl as the only relevant location. She said no further information will be released about the infected person’s identity.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Berkeley Bowl has been notified about the case, and the store is perfectly safe to enter now, said Matthai Chakko, a spokesman for the city.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Measles is an extremely contagious airborne virus. The disease is at a 25-year high across the country, but this is Berkeley’s first recently documented case.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The outbreaks have prompted concerns about those who have not received the measles, mumps and rubella (MMR) vaccine, which is typically given to young children in two doses.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“This effective and easy protection is important because the virus itself is easily transmitted: an infected person’s cough or sneeze can linger in the air for up to an hour – at which point the risk dissipates,” the city said in a news release Friday.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>California children are required to get vaccinated before they turn five, but until recently there were exemptions for families whose personal belief systems prohibited vaccination.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Medical exemptions are still granted, and the number of children who receive them has grown since the personal-belief exemption was eliminated. Proposed state legislation, Senate Bill 276, would require stronger state oversight and documentation of those medical exemptions. The Berkeley School Board passed a resolution this month supporting the bill.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>A small Berkeley private school, Berkeley Rose Waldorf School, had one of the lowest kindergarten immunization rates in the Bay Area in 2017-18, with just 29% of those students vaccinated (some might not yet have reached the cut-off age for mandatory vaccines when that data was reported).\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Initial symptoms, which appear one to three weeks after exposure, include runny noses, red eyes, coughs and fevers, said the city news release. After that, the signature measles rash typically starts on the face and spreads elsewhere.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“If you have concerns, connect with your medical provider,” Hernandez said, adding that those experiencing potential symptoms should notify their providers before showing up in person.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>\u003ca href=\"https://www.berkeleyside.com/2019/05/17/measles-case-confirmed-in-berkeley\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">This story\u003c/a> was first published by Berkeleyside on Friday, May 17.\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>",
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"content": "\u003cp>Health advocates say containing and investigating the wave of measles cases this year comes with a hefty price tag.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Every time a new or potential measles case is reported, it requires a thorough public health investigation. That means blood tests, informing the public and tracking down people who may have been exposed. \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Measles is highly contagious. One infected student at University of California, Los Angeles' campus last month exposed hundreds of people and triggered a quarantine. \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>State Senator Richard Pan, who’s also a pediatrician, says that these investigations take a lot of time and money. \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"Here in Los Angeles, the cost associated with just containing just three measles exposures related to travel at LAX earlier this year have already cost county taxpayers more than $80,000,\" said Pan.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Pan said the outbreaks of measles have cost affected counties a total of more than $400,000 so far. Pan \u003ca href=\"https://sd06.senate.ca.gov/news/2019-05-10-dr-richard-pan-los-angeles-public-health-officials-and-coalition-community-advocates\">presented these figures\u003c/a> Friday at a press conference with community health advocates. \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In the Bay Area, there has been one reported case of measles in San Francisco, four in San Mateo and four in Santa Clara. The costs associated with the cases in Santa Clara added up to $130,246, which included personnel costs, lab tests and communications materials. \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Butte County had had the highest number of reported cases of measles with 11. The cost for that was $81,610.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>He has authored legislation that aims to crack down on exemptions from vaccinations for religious reasons. The bill will be considered by a state senate committee next week. \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>According to a press release from Pan's office, measles was declared eradicated in the United States in 2000. In 2019, there were 44 cases reported in California. \u003c/p>\n\n",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>Health advocates say containing and investigating the wave of measles cases this year comes with a hefty price tag.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Every time a new or potential measles case is reported, it requires a thorough public health investigation. That means blood tests, informing the public and tracking down people who may have been exposed. \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Measles is highly contagious. One infected student at University of California, Los Angeles' campus last month exposed hundreds of people and triggered a quarantine. \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>State Senator Richard Pan, who’s also a pediatrician, says that these investigations take a lot of time and money. \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"Here in Los Angeles, the cost associated with just containing just three measles exposures related to travel at LAX earlier this year have already cost county taxpayers more than $80,000,\" said Pan.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Pan said the outbreaks of measles have cost affected counties a total of more than $400,000 so far. Pan \u003ca href=\"https://sd06.senate.ca.gov/news/2019-05-10-dr-richard-pan-los-angeles-public-health-officials-and-coalition-community-advocates\">presented these figures\u003c/a> Friday at a press conference with community health advocates. \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In the Bay Area, there has been one reported case of measles in San Francisco, four in San Mateo and four in Santa Clara. The costs associated with the cases in Santa Clara added up to $130,246, which included personnel costs, lab tests and communications materials. \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Butte County had had the highest number of reported cases of measles with 11. The cost for that was $81,610.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>He has authored legislation that aims to crack down on exemptions from vaccinations for religious reasons. The bill will be considered by a state senate committee next week. \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>According to a press release from Pan's office, measles was declared eradicated in the United States in 2000. In 2019, there were 44 cases reported in California. \u003c/p>\n\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>",
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"content": "\u003cp>\u003cb>Congresswoman Barbara Lee\u003cbr>\n\u003c/b>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">House Speaker Nancy Pelosi said Attorney General William Barr broke the law by lying to Congress about the Mueller Report, as House Democrats threatened to hold him in contempt after he refused to appear before the House Judiciary Committee on Thursday. Barr also ignored a subpoena deadline to turn over the full report and its underlying evidence. Earlier in the week, there was a much more conciliatory tone as President Trump, along with Democratic leaders Nancy Pelosi and Chuck Schumer, agreed to spend $2 trillion to repair the nation’s highways, bridges and other aging infrastructure. \u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cb>Guest:\u003c/b>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\"> U.S. Rep. Barbara Lee, D-Oakland\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cb>Measles Cases Spike in California\u003cbr>\n\u003c/b>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">Since the start of the year, there have been more than 700 cases of measles reported in 22 states, including 40 in California. A quarantine that affected 800 students and staff at UCLA and California State University - Los Angeles, who were possibly exposed to measles, was lifted this week. State public health officials are urging measles vaccinations for Californians traveling abroad. The majority of new cases in the state involve people being exposed during international travel. Meanwhile, a bill targeting doctors who write phony medical exemptions for parents trying to avoid vaccinating their children cleared its first legislative hurdle last week. \u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cb>Guests:\u003c/b>\u003c/p>\n\u003cul>\n\u003cli style=\"font-weight: 400\">\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">April Dembosky, health correspondent, KQED\u003c/span>\u003c/li>\n\u003cli style=\"font-weight: 400\">\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">California state Sen. Richard Pan, D-Sacramento\u003c/span>\u003c/li>\n\u003c/ul>\n\u003cp>\u003cb>KQED’s “Youth Takeover”\u003cbr>\n\u003c/b>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">This week, KQED is featuring the voices and perspectives of Bay Area high school students on the issues that matter most to them, on-air and online. As part of this “Youth Takeover,” we hear from two high school freshmen at Ygnacio Valley High School in Concord, whose concerns about climate change prompted them to look into recycling efforts at their school. They found that aluminum cans and paper products were ending up in the trash, and even finding where to deposit recyclables on campus was a challenge. Joining them is a senior in Walnut Creek who persuaded school officials to boost the number of recycling and composting bins on campus, while educating his classmates on the right way to keep food scraps and bottles out of the landfill. \u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cb>Guests:\u003c/b>\u003c/p>\n\u003cul>\n\u003cli style=\"font-weight: 400\">\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">Khalid Safie, Ygnacio Valley High School student\u003c/span>\u003c/li>\n\u003cli style=\"font-weight: 400\">\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">Jose De Jesus Ochoa, Ygnacio Valley High School student\u003c/span>\u003c/li>\n\u003cli style=\"font-weight: 400\">\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">Rohith Moolakatt, Northgate High School student\u003c/span>\u003c/li>\n\u003c/ul>\n\n",
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"content": "\u003cp>More than 700 measles cases have been confirmed in 22 states so far this year, with 78 of those cases reported in the previous week, \u003ca href=\"https://www.cdc.gov/measles/cases-outbreaks.html\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">according to Monday’s update from the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention.\u003c/a> That’s the highest number reported in the U.S. since 1994.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[aside label=\"Related\" tag=\"measles\"]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Of those cases, more than 500 have been found in people who had not been vaccinated, the federal agency said, including about 400 in mostly Orthodox Jewish communities in the New York region. And late last week, a quarantine order was issued for \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/news/11742926/measles-quarantines-hit-2-los-angeles-universities-amid-nationwide-outbreak\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">hundreds of students and staff at two Los Angeles universities\u003c/a> who may have been exposed to measles and don’t have vaccination records.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>With this latest outbreak comes plenty of angry finger-pointing at the small but notorious contingent of Americans who choose not to vaccinate their children (or themselves) against the highly contagious, yet preventable, disease.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>As recently as three decades ago, measles was listed by the World Health Organization as one of the five leading causes of death on Earth. But by 2000, the disease\u003ca href=\"http://www.cdc.gov/measles/about/faqs.html\"> \u003c/a>was \u003ca href=\"http://www.cdc.gov/measles/about/faqs.html\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">declared “eliminated” in the U.S.\u003c/a>, largely due to the success of statewide public health campaigns to make the MMR (measles, mumps, rubella) vaccine mandatory for children enrolling in public schools.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Since then, however, the number of parents requesting religious or philosophical exemptions to state rules has gone up, as have reported measles cases. In 2014, the CDC reported what was then the highest number of cases in over a decade: 644 in 27 states, including one outbreak in an Amish community in rural Ohio infecting more than 300 people.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"https://www.nvic.org/vaccine-laws/state-vaccine-requirements.aspx\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Forty-seven\u003c/a> states still permit parents to opt out of vaccinating their children on religious grounds, and 18 states allow exemptions based on personal or philosophical beliefs (until 2015, \u003ca href=\"https://www.nvic.org/vaccine-laws/state-vaccine-requirements/california.aspx\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">California allowed\u003c/a> both exemptions). Many parents who go this route say they doubt the effectiveness of the vaccine or have concerns that it may cause autism or other major health problems, even though no medical evidence actually supports these theories.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c!-- iframe plugin v.4.3 wordpress.org/plugins/iframe/ -->\u003cbr>\n\u003ciframe loading=\"lazy\" src=\"https://apps.npr.org/dailygraphics/graphics/measles-20190429/\" width=\"700\" height=\"600\" scrolling=\"yes\" class=\"iframe-class\" frameborder=\"0\">\u003c/iframe>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>These holdouts mark just the latest chapter in a long, robust history of anti-vaccination movements. Intermittent backlashes against compulsory government vaccination campaigns have arisen ever since the first series of vaccinations were given more than 200 years ago.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Most interesting are the striking cultural similarities and motives of today’s prototypical “anti-vaxers” and their 19th century forebears: Both have typically been cast as either deeply religious or affluent, well-educated and politically progressive, and intensely protective of civil liberties and personal choice.\u003c/p>\n\u003ch3>The First Vaccine Revolution\u003c/h3>\n\u003cp>If you know little or care less about smallpox, Edward Jenner’s the guy to thank for that.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Among the most gruesome and deadly diseases in human history, smallpox terrorized the world for centuries, ravaging entire civilizations and claiming millions of lives — particularly those of young children — during its sporadic outbreaks. Highly infectious, the disease typically covers the skin in large oozing, pus-filled bumps.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In 1796, Jenner, a rural British physician, tested a locally shared theory that milkmaids who contracted cowpox were immune from smallpox. Similar to smallpox but far less severe, cowpox is generally found in animals and can be transmitted to human handlers. \u003ca href=\"http://www.ndm.ox.ac.uk/edward-jenner-museum\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Jenner extracted pus from a cowpox scab\u003c/a> and inserted it into an incision on the arm of an 8-year-old boy. Although the child contracted a mild virus, he recovered quickly, developing antibodies that built up his immunity to both cowpox and smallpox.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Jenner subsequently coined the term “vaccine,” from “vacca,” Latin for cow.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Although initially rejected by the British medical establishment, Jenner’s findings were eventually published after subsequent successful trials, and the field of modern immunology was born. The discovery paved the way for vaccine breakthroughs over the following two centuries, including inoculations for polio, tetanus, influenza, rabies, diphtheria and, yes, measles.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The smallpox vaccine and its later iterations proved so successful that the \u003ca href=\"https://www.who.int/features/2010/smallpox/en/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">World Health Organization in 1980\u003c/a> declared it the first disease to be eradicated as a result of global vaccination efforts. To date, there is no cure or treatment for it; vaccination is the only means of prevention.\u003c/p>\n\u003ch3>Birth of the Backlash\u003c/h3>\n\u003cp>Protection from one of the most feared, miserable ailments in human history: Who wouldn’t raise a (sterilized) glass to that?\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_16227\" class=\"wp-caption alignright\" style=\"max-width: 300px\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/lowdown/wp-content/uploads/sites/26/2015/02/wolr5328.f1.jpg\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"wp-image-16227 size-medium\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/lowdown/wp-content/uploads/sites/26/2015/02/wolr5328.f1-300x228.jpg\" alt=' 1887 illustration from an anti-vaccination flier. Included in the text: \"This monster has been named vaccination; and his progressive havoc among the human race, has been dreadful and most alarming.\" ' width=\"300\" height=\"228\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">An illustration from an 1807 anti-vaccination flier. Included in the text: “This monster has been named vaccination; and his progressive havoc among the human race, has been dreadful and most alarming.” (Courtesy of National Institutes of Health)\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Turns out, lots of folks. As word of the procedure spread, Jenner was ridiculed by a host of angry critics, particularly members of the clergy, who charged that the idea of inoculating someone with pus from a diseased animal was not only revolting but blasphemous. Rumors abounded of vaccinated patients contracting bovine diseases and suffering grotesque reactions. Enough evidence, however, demonstrated the obvious advantages of the vaccination, and the procedure became increasingly accepted by the medical establishment in much of Europe.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>By the mid-1800s, in the wake of several smallpox outbreaks, the United Kingdom enacted a set of laws making vaccinations compulsory, initially for infants, but eventually for all children up to 14 years old. Cumulative penalties were imposed on violators.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>These measures, though, were met with staunch resistance, inciting a series of riots. The unrest prompted the creation of the Anti-Compulsory Vaccination League in 1867, whose founders were primarily concerned with what they considered a blatant infringement of personal choice and liberty.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The group’s seven-point mission statement, printed on the masthead of its newsletter, included the following pronouncement:\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>“As parliament, instead of guarding the liberty of the subject, has invaded this liberty by rendering good health a crime, punishable by fine or imprisonment, inflicted on dutiful parents, parliament is deserving of public condemnation.”\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>By the 1870s and ’80s, even as smallpox vaccination techniques were rapidly advancing and helping to contain the disease’s spread, anti-vaccination campaigns continued to gain momentum in the U.K. and elsewhere. Propaganda literature proliferated as leaders of the movement adeptly tapped into the public’s understandable anxieties about the still nascent procedure. Some efforts were successful in temporarily lowering vaccination rates.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11744701\" class=\"wp-caption alignnone\" style=\"max-width: 720px\">\u003ca href=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2019/05/lead_720_405.jpg\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-full wp-image-11744701\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2019/05/lead_720_405.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"720\" height=\"405\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2019/05/lead_720_405.jpg 720w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2019/05/lead_720_405-160x90.jpg 160w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 720px) 100vw, 720px\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">A cartoon from a 1894 anti-vaccination publication. \u003ccite>(Courtesy of the Historical Medical Library of the College of Physicians of Philadelphia)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>One of the largest demonstrations, in Leicester, England, in 1885, drew upward of 100,000 people, with a child’s coffin and an effigy of Jenner among the props exhibited.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The rally prompted a government commission to investigate the protesters’ grievances, which eventually concluded that the vaccine was safe and effective. But in a political move to pacify detractors, the report also recommended the abolition of penalties for violators. In 1898, \u003ca href=\"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC1123944/#B2\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">the passage of a new national vaccination act\u003c/a> removed such penalties and included a “conscientious objector” clause, allowing parents concerned with the safety of vaccinations to apply for an exemption certificate.\u003c/p>\n\u003ch3>The anti-vax fever spreads to America\u003c/h3>\n\u003cp>In the late 1800s, a series of smallpox outbreaks in the United States spurred a number of local government vaccine campaigns. That, in turn, prompted fierce opposition, including a visit from William Tebb, a prominent British anti-vaccine activist. By 1879, the Anti-Vaccination Society of America was established, followed by the emergence of several local leagues, including the New England Anti Compulsory Vaccination League and the Anti-Vaccination League of New York City. A second national league was formed in the early 1900s. Activists waged court battles to repeal vaccination laws in a number of states, including California, Illinois and Wisconsin.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In a response that inflamed tensions and helped further cast vaccination campaigns as an affront to civil liberties, public health officials commonly resorted to heavy-handed, inconsistent enforcement tactics, often vaccinating immigrants and minorities against their will during outbreaks, writes \u003ca href=\"https://www.tulsaworld.com/opinion/columnists/stephen-mihm-how-to-eradicate-outbreaks-of-anti-vaccine-fever/article_4660b867-3b84-58b1-8e2e-73e631c0bdd5.html\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">University of Georgia history professor Stephen Mihm\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11744718\" class=\"wp-caption alignnone\" style=\"max-width: 758px\">\u003ca href=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2019/05/Anti-Vaccination_Society_of_America_advertisement_from_1902.jpg\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-full wp-image-11744718\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2019/05/Anti-Vaccination_Society_of_America_advertisement_from_1902.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"758\" height=\"441\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2019/05/Anti-Vaccination_Society_of_America_advertisement_from_1902.jpg 758w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2019/05/Anti-Vaccination_Society_of_America_advertisement_from_1902-160x93.jpg 160w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 758px) 100vw, 758px\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">An Anti-Vaccination Society of America advertisement from 1902. \u003ccite>(Wikimedia Commons)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Fears were also legitimately stoked by the lack of oversight in the production of vaccines, a process primarily controlled by private industry that was loosely regulated and at times resulted in questionable, unsafe products. In one of the worst incidents, nine children in Camden, New Jersey, died after being inoculated with a batch of smallpox vaccine that had been contaminated with tetanus. News of the tragedy prompted Congress to pass the \u003ca href=\"https://history.nih.gov/exhibits/history/docs/page_03.html\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Biologics Control Act\u003c/a> of 1902, increasing government oversight of the manufacturing process.s\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Following a smallpox outbreak in 1902, the city of Cambridge, Massachusetts, mandated vaccinations for all residents. After one man refused to comply on the grounds that the law violated his right to care for himself, the city filed criminal charges against him. The case — \u003ca href=\"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC1449224/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Jacobson v. Massachusetts\u003c/a> — eventually made its way to the U.S. Supreme Court, which ultimately sided with the state, ruling that it was within its power to enact mandatory vaccine laws in order to protect the public in the event of a communicable disease. \u003ca href=\"http://www.historyofvaccines.org/content/articles/history-anti-vaccination-movements\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">The decision\u003c/a> marked the first Supreme Court case determining the extent of state power in enacting public health law.\u003c/p>\n\u003ch3>Modern times\u003c/h3>\n\u003cp>Anti-vaccination fervor erupted again in England and spread abroad in the latter half of the 20th century, this time after an errant 1970s medical study alleged that the diphtheria, tetanus and pertussis (DTP) vaccine had caused neurological disorders in children. The report fueled a wave of public outcry and subsequent false analyses, leading to decreased vaccination rates and three major outbreaks of pertussis (whooping cough), despite an independent advisory committee confirming the safety of the immunization.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The controversy over DTP reached the United States after a 1982 documentary, “DPT: Vaccination Roulette,” and a 1991 book, “A Shot in the Dark,” alleged adverse reactions to the vaccine and questioned its effectiveness. Amid the ensuing media storm, scores of parents formed advocacy groups opposing the immunization and, in several cases, sued vaccine manufacturers. Hoping to not repeat England’s example, U.S. medical organizations, like the Academy of Pediatrics and the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, aggressively countered the false claims, and more effectively stemmed the decrease in vaccination rates.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11744712\" class=\"wp-caption alignnone\" style=\"max-width: 2048px\">\u003ca href=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2019/05/GettyImages-1128753684.jpg\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-full wp-image-11744712\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2019/05/GettyImages-1128753684.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"2048\" height=\"1365\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2019/05/GettyImages-1128753684.jpg 2048w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2019/05/GettyImages-1128753684-160x107.jpg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2019/05/GettyImages-1128753684-800x533.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2019/05/GettyImages-1128753684-1020x680.jpg 1020w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2019/05/GettyImages-1128753684-1200x800.jpg 1200w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2019/05/GettyImages-1128753684-1920x1280.jpg 1920w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 2048px) 100vw, 2048px\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">An anti-vaccination parent holds up a prescription document as she waits to enter a hearing before the Senate Committee on Health, Education, Labor and Pensions on Capitol Hill in Washington, D.C., on March 5, 2019. \u003ccite>(Jim WATSON/AFP/Getty Images)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>And then came the \u003cem>anti\u003c/em> anti-measles movement.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Despite the MMR vaccine’s safe and effective application since it was introduced in the 1960s, fear over the inoculation spread like wildfire after a 1998 medical study, and a subsequent flurry of media coverage, suggested a connection between the vaccine and the onset of autism. The study was later discredited, and an independent medical board determined that its author, British doctor Andrew Wakefield, had a “fatal conflict of interest” \u003ca href=\"https://www.historyofvaccines.org/content/articles/history-anti-vaccination-movements\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">after revelations\u003c/a> that he had been paid by lawyers representing parents who believed the vaccine had harmed their children.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>More than a decade later, after numerous subsequent studies that found no evidence of any link between the vaccine and autism, the paper was formally retracted by The Lancet, the journal that first published it, and \u003ca href=\"https://www.theguardian.com/society/2010/feb/02/lancet-retracts-mmr-paper\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">labeled “utterly false.”\u003c/a> Wakefield \u003ca href=\"https://www.mdmag.com/medical-news/autism_doctor/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">was also stripped of his medical license\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But the seed had been planted, and parents already skeptical about immunizing their children were further motivated to avoid the vaccine at all costs.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Since then, fears have been further inflamed by a number of anti-vaccination campaigns suggesting the linkage to an increased incidence of autism. Perhaps most well-known is the ongoing activism of \u003ca href=\"https://www.cnbc.com/2018/05/10/jenny-mccarthy-talks-to-cnbc-about-autism-and-her-family.html\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">actress and model Jenny McCarthy\u003c/a>, who became the veritable poster child of the anti-vax movement when she began publicly questioning the safety of vaccines after her 2-year-old son was diagnosed with autism.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad floatright]\u003c/p>\n",
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"excerpt": "A nationwide measles outbreak has prompted angry finger-pointing at the small but notorious contingent of Americans who choose not to vaccinate their children (or themselves). Here’s some history.",
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"title": "The Feverish Roots of Today's Anti-Vaccine Movement | KQED",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>More than 700 measles cases have been confirmed in 22 states so far this year, with 78 of those cases reported in the previous week, \u003ca href=\"https://www.cdc.gov/measles/cases-outbreaks.html\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">according to Monday’s update from the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention.\u003c/a> That’s the highest number reported in the U.S. since 1994.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Of those cases, more than 500 have been found in people who had not been vaccinated, the federal agency said, including about 400 in mostly Orthodox Jewish communities in the New York region. And late last week, a quarantine order was issued for \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/news/11742926/measles-quarantines-hit-2-los-angeles-universities-amid-nationwide-outbreak\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">hundreds of students and staff at two Los Angeles universities\u003c/a> who may have been exposed to measles and don’t have vaccination records.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>With this latest outbreak comes plenty of angry finger-pointing at the small but notorious contingent of Americans who choose not to vaccinate their children (or themselves) against the highly contagious, yet preventable, disease.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>As recently as three decades ago, measles was listed by the World Health Organization as one of the five leading causes of death on Earth. But by 2000, the disease\u003ca href=\"http://www.cdc.gov/measles/about/faqs.html\"> \u003c/a>was \u003ca href=\"http://www.cdc.gov/measles/about/faqs.html\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">declared “eliminated” in the U.S.\u003c/a>, largely due to the success of statewide public health campaigns to make the MMR (measles, mumps, rubella) vaccine mandatory for children enrolling in public schools.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Since then, however, the number of parents requesting religious or philosophical exemptions to state rules has gone up, as have reported measles cases. In 2014, the CDC reported what was then the highest number of cases in over a decade: 644 in 27 states, including one outbreak in an Amish community in rural Ohio infecting more than 300 people.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"https://www.nvic.org/vaccine-laws/state-vaccine-requirements.aspx\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Forty-seven\u003c/a> states still permit parents to opt out of vaccinating their children on religious grounds, and 18 states allow exemptions based on personal or philosophical beliefs (until 2015, \u003ca href=\"https://www.nvic.org/vaccine-laws/state-vaccine-requirements/california.aspx\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">California allowed\u003c/a> both exemptions). Many parents who go this route say they doubt the effectiveness of the vaccine or have concerns that it may cause autism or other major health problems, even though no medical evidence actually supports these theories.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c!-- iframe plugin v.4.3 wordpress.org/plugins/iframe/ -->\u003cbr>\n\u003ciframe loading=\"lazy\" src=\"https://apps.npr.org/dailygraphics/graphics/measles-20190429/\" width=\"700\" height=\"600\" scrolling=\"yes\" class=\"iframe-class\" frameborder=\"0\">\u003c/iframe>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>These holdouts mark just the latest chapter in a long, robust history of anti-vaccination movements. Intermittent backlashes against compulsory government vaccination campaigns have arisen ever since the first series of vaccinations were given more than 200 years ago.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Most interesting are the striking cultural similarities and motives of today’s prototypical “anti-vaxers” and their 19th century forebears: Both have typically been cast as either deeply religious or affluent, well-educated and politically progressive, and intensely protective of civil liberties and personal choice.\u003c/p>\n\u003ch3>The First Vaccine Revolution\u003c/h3>\n\u003cp>If you know little or care less about smallpox, Edward Jenner’s the guy to thank for that.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Among the most gruesome and deadly diseases in human history, smallpox terrorized the world for centuries, ravaging entire civilizations and claiming millions of lives — particularly those of young children — during its sporadic outbreaks. Highly infectious, the disease typically covers the skin in large oozing, pus-filled bumps.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In 1796, Jenner, a rural British physician, tested a locally shared theory that milkmaids who contracted cowpox were immune from smallpox. Similar to smallpox but far less severe, cowpox is generally found in animals and can be transmitted to human handlers. \u003ca href=\"http://www.ndm.ox.ac.uk/edward-jenner-museum\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Jenner extracted pus from a cowpox scab\u003c/a> and inserted it into an incision on the arm of an 8-year-old boy. Although the child contracted a mild virus, he recovered quickly, developing antibodies that built up his immunity to both cowpox and smallpox.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Jenner subsequently coined the term “vaccine,” from “vacca,” Latin for cow.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Although initially rejected by the British medical establishment, Jenner’s findings were eventually published after subsequent successful trials, and the field of modern immunology was born. The discovery paved the way for vaccine breakthroughs over the following two centuries, including inoculations for polio, tetanus, influenza, rabies, diphtheria and, yes, measles.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The smallpox vaccine and its later iterations proved so successful that the \u003ca href=\"https://www.who.int/features/2010/smallpox/en/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">World Health Organization in 1980\u003c/a> declared it the first disease to be eradicated as a result of global vaccination efforts. To date, there is no cure or treatment for it; vaccination is the only means of prevention.\u003c/p>\n\u003ch3>Birth of the Backlash\u003c/h3>\n\u003cp>Protection from one of the most feared, miserable ailments in human history: Who wouldn’t raise a (sterilized) glass to that?\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_16227\" class=\"wp-caption alignright\" style=\"max-width: 300px\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/lowdown/wp-content/uploads/sites/26/2015/02/wolr5328.f1.jpg\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"wp-image-16227 size-medium\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/lowdown/wp-content/uploads/sites/26/2015/02/wolr5328.f1-300x228.jpg\" alt=' 1887 illustration from an anti-vaccination flier. Included in the text: \"This monster has been named vaccination; and his progressive havoc among the human race, has been dreadful and most alarming.\" ' width=\"300\" height=\"228\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">An illustration from an 1807 anti-vaccination flier. Included in the text: “This monster has been named vaccination; and his progressive havoc among the human race, has been dreadful and most alarming.” (Courtesy of National Institutes of Health)\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Turns out, lots of folks. As word of the procedure spread, Jenner was ridiculed by a host of angry critics, particularly members of the clergy, who charged that the idea of inoculating someone with pus from a diseased animal was not only revolting but blasphemous. Rumors abounded of vaccinated patients contracting bovine diseases and suffering grotesque reactions. Enough evidence, however, demonstrated the obvious advantages of the vaccination, and the procedure became increasingly accepted by the medical establishment in much of Europe.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>By the mid-1800s, in the wake of several smallpox outbreaks, the United Kingdom enacted a set of laws making vaccinations compulsory, initially for infants, but eventually for all children up to 14 years old. Cumulative penalties were imposed on violators.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>These measures, though, were met with staunch resistance, inciting a series of riots. The unrest prompted the creation of the Anti-Compulsory Vaccination League in 1867, whose founders were primarily concerned with what they considered a blatant infringement of personal choice and liberty.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The group’s seven-point mission statement, printed on the masthead of its newsletter, included the following pronouncement:\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>“As parliament, instead of guarding the liberty of the subject, has invaded this liberty by rendering good health a crime, punishable by fine or imprisonment, inflicted on dutiful parents, parliament is deserving of public condemnation.”\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>By the 1870s and ’80s, even as smallpox vaccination techniques were rapidly advancing and helping to contain the disease’s spread, anti-vaccination campaigns continued to gain momentum in the U.K. and elsewhere. Propaganda literature proliferated as leaders of the movement adeptly tapped into the public’s understandable anxieties about the still nascent procedure. Some efforts were successful in temporarily lowering vaccination rates.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11744701\" class=\"wp-caption alignnone\" style=\"max-width: 720px\">\u003ca href=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2019/05/lead_720_405.jpg\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-full wp-image-11744701\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2019/05/lead_720_405.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"720\" height=\"405\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2019/05/lead_720_405.jpg 720w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2019/05/lead_720_405-160x90.jpg 160w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 720px) 100vw, 720px\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">A cartoon from a 1894 anti-vaccination publication. \u003ccite>(Courtesy of the Historical Medical Library of the College of Physicians of Philadelphia)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>One of the largest demonstrations, in Leicester, England, in 1885, drew upward of 100,000 people, with a child’s coffin and an effigy of Jenner among the props exhibited.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The rally prompted a government commission to investigate the protesters’ grievances, which eventually concluded that the vaccine was safe and effective. But in a political move to pacify detractors, the report also recommended the abolition of penalties for violators. In 1898, \u003ca href=\"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC1123944/#B2\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">the passage of a new national vaccination act\u003c/a> removed such penalties and included a “conscientious objector” clause, allowing parents concerned with the safety of vaccinations to apply for an exemption certificate.\u003c/p>\n\u003ch3>The anti-vax fever spreads to America\u003c/h3>\n\u003cp>In the late 1800s, a series of smallpox outbreaks in the United States spurred a number of local government vaccine campaigns. That, in turn, prompted fierce opposition, including a visit from William Tebb, a prominent British anti-vaccine activist. By 1879, the Anti-Vaccination Society of America was established, followed by the emergence of several local leagues, including the New England Anti Compulsory Vaccination League and the Anti-Vaccination League of New York City. A second national league was formed in the early 1900s. Activists waged court battles to repeal vaccination laws in a number of states, including California, Illinois and Wisconsin.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In a response that inflamed tensions and helped further cast vaccination campaigns as an affront to civil liberties, public health officials commonly resorted to heavy-handed, inconsistent enforcement tactics, often vaccinating immigrants and minorities against their will during outbreaks, writes \u003ca href=\"https://www.tulsaworld.com/opinion/columnists/stephen-mihm-how-to-eradicate-outbreaks-of-anti-vaccine-fever/article_4660b867-3b84-58b1-8e2e-73e631c0bdd5.html\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">University of Georgia history professor Stephen Mihm\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11744718\" class=\"wp-caption alignnone\" style=\"max-width: 758px\">\u003ca href=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2019/05/Anti-Vaccination_Society_of_America_advertisement_from_1902.jpg\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-full wp-image-11744718\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2019/05/Anti-Vaccination_Society_of_America_advertisement_from_1902.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"758\" height=\"441\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2019/05/Anti-Vaccination_Society_of_America_advertisement_from_1902.jpg 758w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2019/05/Anti-Vaccination_Society_of_America_advertisement_from_1902-160x93.jpg 160w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 758px) 100vw, 758px\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">An Anti-Vaccination Society of America advertisement from 1902. \u003ccite>(Wikimedia Commons)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Fears were also legitimately stoked by the lack of oversight in the production of vaccines, a process primarily controlled by private industry that was loosely regulated and at times resulted in questionable, unsafe products. In one of the worst incidents, nine children in Camden, New Jersey, died after being inoculated with a batch of smallpox vaccine that had been contaminated with tetanus. News of the tragedy prompted Congress to pass the \u003ca href=\"https://history.nih.gov/exhibits/history/docs/page_03.html\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Biologics Control Act\u003c/a> of 1902, increasing government oversight of the manufacturing process.s\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Following a smallpox outbreak in 1902, the city of Cambridge, Massachusetts, mandated vaccinations for all residents. After one man refused to comply on the grounds that the law violated his right to care for himself, the city filed criminal charges against him. The case — \u003ca href=\"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC1449224/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Jacobson v. Massachusetts\u003c/a> — eventually made its way to the U.S. Supreme Court, which ultimately sided with the state, ruling that it was within its power to enact mandatory vaccine laws in order to protect the public in the event of a communicable disease. \u003ca href=\"http://www.historyofvaccines.org/content/articles/history-anti-vaccination-movements\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">The decision\u003c/a> marked the first Supreme Court case determining the extent of state power in enacting public health law.\u003c/p>\n\u003ch3>Modern times\u003c/h3>\n\u003cp>Anti-vaccination fervor erupted again in England and spread abroad in the latter half of the 20th century, this time after an errant 1970s medical study alleged that the diphtheria, tetanus and pertussis (DTP) vaccine had caused neurological disorders in children. The report fueled a wave of public outcry and subsequent false analyses, leading to decreased vaccination rates and three major outbreaks of pertussis (whooping cough), despite an independent advisory committee confirming the safety of the immunization.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The controversy over DTP reached the United States after a 1982 documentary, “DPT: Vaccination Roulette,” and a 1991 book, “A Shot in the Dark,” alleged adverse reactions to the vaccine and questioned its effectiveness. Amid the ensuing media storm, scores of parents formed advocacy groups opposing the immunization and, in several cases, sued vaccine manufacturers. Hoping to not repeat England’s example, U.S. medical organizations, like the Academy of Pediatrics and the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, aggressively countered the false claims, and more effectively stemmed the decrease in vaccination rates.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11744712\" class=\"wp-caption alignnone\" style=\"max-width: 2048px\">\u003ca href=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2019/05/GettyImages-1128753684.jpg\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-full wp-image-11744712\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2019/05/GettyImages-1128753684.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"2048\" height=\"1365\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2019/05/GettyImages-1128753684.jpg 2048w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2019/05/GettyImages-1128753684-160x107.jpg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2019/05/GettyImages-1128753684-800x533.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2019/05/GettyImages-1128753684-1020x680.jpg 1020w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2019/05/GettyImages-1128753684-1200x800.jpg 1200w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2019/05/GettyImages-1128753684-1920x1280.jpg 1920w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 2048px) 100vw, 2048px\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">An anti-vaccination parent holds up a prescription document as she waits to enter a hearing before the Senate Committee on Health, Education, Labor and Pensions on Capitol Hill in Washington, D.C., on March 5, 2019. \u003ccite>(Jim WATSON/AFP/Getty Images)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>And then came the \u003cem>anti\u003c/em> anti-measles movement.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Despite the MMR vaccine’s safe and effective application since it was introduced in the 1960s, fear over the inoculation spread like wildfire after a 1998 medical study, and a subsequent flurry of media coverage, suggested a connection between the vaccine and the onset of autism. The study was later discredited, and an independent medical board determined that its author, British doctor Andrew Wakefield, had a “fatal conflict of interest” \u003ca href=\"https://www.historyofvaccines.org/content/articles/history-anti-vaccination-movements\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">after revelations\u003c/a> that he had been paid by lawyers representing parents who believed the vaccine had harmed their children.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>More than a decade later, after numerous subsequent studies that found no evidence of any link between the vaccine and autism, the paper was formally retracted by The Lancet, the journal that first published it, and \u003ca href=\"https://www.theguardian.com/society/2010/feb/02/lancet-retracts-mmr-paper\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">labeled “utterly false.”\u003c/a> Wakefield \u003ca href=\"https://www.mdmag.com/medical-news/autism_doctor/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">was also stripped of his medical license\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But the seed had been planted, and parents already skeptical about immunizing their children were further motivated to avoid the vaccine at all costs.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Since then, fears have been further inflamed by a number of anti-vaccination campaigns suggesting the linkage to an increased incidence of autism. Perhaps most well-known is the ongoing activism of \u003ca href=\"https://www.cnbc.com/2018/05/10/jenny-mccarthy-talks-to-cnbc-about-autism-and-her-family.html\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">actress and model Jenny McCarthy\u003c/a>, who became the veritable poster child of the anti-vax movement when she began publicly questioning the safety of vaccines after her 2-year-old son was diagnosed with autism.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cp>As a \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/news/11742926/measles-quarantines-hit-2-los-angeles-universities-amid-nationwide-outbreak\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">measles quarantine\u003c/a> begins at two Los Angeles universities, a bill working its way through the state Legislature would \u003ca href=\"http://bit.ly/fiorefakeexemptions\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">crack down on fake medical exemptions\u003c/a> for vaccines.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Recent measles outbreaks in Los Angeles and Butte County have contributed to 38 cases of measles statewide.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Some schools around California have vaccination rates of less than 50%, which leads me to believe it's only a matter of time before we have a lot more than 38 people sick with measles.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Bring on the \u003ca href=\"https://www.npr.org/sections/health-shots/2019/03/04/699997613/a-large-study-provides-more-evidence-that-mmr-vaccines-dont-cause-autism\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">vaccines\u003c/a>!\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>As a \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/news/11742926/measles-quarantines-hit-2-los-angeles-universities-amid-nationwide-outbreak\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">measles quarantine\u003c/a> begins at two Los Angeles universities, a bill working its way through the state Legislature would \u003ca href=\"http://bit.ly/fiorefakeexemptions\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">crack down on fake medical exemptions\u003c/a> for vaccines.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Recent measles outbreaks in Los Angeles and Butte County have contributed to 38 cases of measles statewide.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Some schools around California have vaccination rates of less than 50%, which leads me to believe it's only a matter of time before we have a lot more than 38 people sick with measles.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Bring on the \u003ca href=\"https://www.npr.org/sections/health-shots/2019/03/04/699997613/a-large-study-provides-more-evidence-that-mmr-vaccines-dont-cause-autism\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">vaccines\u003c/a>!\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cp>A quarantine order was issued Thursday for hundreds of students and staff at two Los Angeles universities who may have been exposed to measles and either have not been vaccinated or cannot verify that they have immunity.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Measles in the United States has \u003ca href=\"https://www.npr.org/2019/04/24/716953746/cdc-reports-largest-u-s-measles-outbreak-since-year-2000\" rel=\"noopener\" target=\"_blank\">climbed to its highest level in 25 years\u003c/a>, closing in on 700 cases this year in a resurgence largely attributed to misinformation that is turning parents against vaccines. Roughly three-quarters of this year’s illnesses in the U.S. have been in New York state.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[aside postID=news_11742525 label='Related Coverage']\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The University of California, Los Angeles, said that as of Wednesday there were 119 students and 8 faculty members under quarantine. Seventy-one students and 127 staff members are quarantined at California State University, Los Angeles after a possible measles exposure at a campus library, school officials said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“The Department of Public Health has determined that there is no known current risk related to measles at the library at this time,” Cal State said in a statement.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>UCLA said some people could remain in quarantines for up to 48 hours before they prove immunity. A few may need to remain in quarantine for up to seven days, officials said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Such an order mandates that the exposed people stay home and notify authorities “if they develop symptoms of measles, and to avoid contact with others until the end of their quarantine period or until they provide evidence of immunity,” the Los Angeles County Department of Public Health said in a statement.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The orders come as a small outbreak of measles is occurring in Los Angeles County involving five confirmed cases linked to overseas travel. The state recorded 38 measles cases as of Thursday, versus 11 around the same time last year, said Dr. Karen Smith, director of the California Department of Public Health.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The state typically sees fewer than two dozen cases a year, she said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>This year, California’s cases stretch across 11 counties and affect patients from 5 months to 55 years of age.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>More than 76% of patients were not vaccinated or didn’t receive the recommended two doses of vaccine, Smith said. Fourteen of those infected had traveled overseas to countries including Philippines, Thailand, India and Ukraine.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Measles in most people causes fever, runny nose, cough and a rash all over the body. However, a very small fraction of those infected can suffer complications such as pneumonia and a dangerous swelling of the brain.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The Centers for Disease Control and Prevention recommends the vaccine for everyone over a year old, except for people who had the disease as children. Those who have had measles are immune.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The vaccine, which became available in the 1960s, is considered safe and highly effective, and because of it, measles was declared all but eliminated in the U.S. in 2000.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n",
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"excerpt": "At UCLA, 119 students and 8 faculty members were placed under quarantine Thursday, while 71 students and 127 staff members were quarantined at CSU, Los Angeles.",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>A quarantine order was issued Thursday for hundreds of students and staff at two Los Angeles universities who may have been exposed to measles and either have not been vaccinated or cannot verify that they have immunity.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Measles in the United States has \u003ca href=\"https://www.npr.org/2019/04/24/716953746/cdc-reports-largest-u-s-measles-outbreak-since-year-2000\" rel=\"noopener\" target=\"_blank\">climbed to its highest level in 25 years\u003c/a>, closing in on 700 cases this year in a resurgence largely attributed to misinformation that is turning parents against vaccines. Roughly three-quarters of this year’s illnesses in the U.S. have been in New York state.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The University of California, Los Angeles, said that as of Wednesday there were 119 students and 8 faculty members under quarantine. Seventy-one students and 127 staff members are quarantined at California State University, Los Angeles after a possible measles exposure at a campus library, school officials said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“The Department of Public Health has determined that there is no known current risk related to measles at the library at this time,” Cal State said in a statement.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>UCLA said some people could remain in quarantines for up to 48 hours before they prove immunity. A few may need to remain in quarantine for up to seven days, officials said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Such an order mandates that the exposed people stay home and notify authorities “if they develop symptoms of measles, and to avoid contact with others until the end of their quarantine period or until they provide evidence of immunity,” the Los Angeles County Department of Public Health said in a statement.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The orders come as a small outbreak of measles is occurring in Los Angeles County involving five confirmed cases linked to overseas travel. The state recorded 38 measles cases as of Thursday, versus 11 around the same time last year, said Dr. Karen Smith, director of the California Department of Public Health.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The state typically sees fewer than two dozen cases a year, she said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>This year, California’s cases stretch across 11 counties and affect patients from 5 months to 55 years of age.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>More than 76% of patients were not vaccinated or didn’t receive the recommended two doses of vaccine, Smith said. Fourteen of those infected had traveled overseas to countries including Philippines, Thailand, India and Ukraine.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Measles in most people causes fever, runny nose, cough and a rash all over the body. However, a very small fraction of those infected can suffer complications such as pneumonia and a dangerous swelling of the brain.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The Centers for Disease Control and Prevention recommends the vaccine for everyone over a year old, except for people who had the disease as children. Those who have had measles are immune.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The vaccine, which became available in the 1960s, is considered safe and highly effective, and because of it, measles was declared all but eliminated in the U.S. in 2000.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>",
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"content": "\u003cp>State lawmakers launched debate Wednesday on a new bill targeting doctors who write fraudulent medical notes to excuse children from getting vaccinations required to enter school. The hearing coincided with the recent declaration of measles outbreaks in Los Angeles and Butte County, bringing the number of cases of the virus to more than 30 statewide this year.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>State Sen. Richard Pan (D-Sacramento) made his case for \u003ca href=\"https://leginfo.legislature.ca.gov/faces/billTextClient.xhtml?bill_id=201920200SB276\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">SB 276\u003c/a>, saying families are skirting existing California law that forbids exemptions from vaccines for religious or personal objections by finding doctors willing to make up bogus medical excuses.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“We witnessed physicians who advertised exemptions for cash on social media and the internet,” Pan said. “We’d see some parents post on social media that their child’s regular physician refused to grant their child a medical exemption so they traveled to go purchase one from a distant physician.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[pullquote size='medium' align='right' citation='State Sen. Richard Pan, who is also a pediatrician']‘We witnessed physicians who advertised exemptions for cash on social media and the internet.’[/pullquote]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The new legislation would require the state health department to review all medical exemptions and either approve or deny them. It would also create a database to track which doctors are issuing a disproportionate number of medical exemptions. About a hundred doctors, medical students, parents and representatives of hospital and insurance groups lined up to state their support of the bill.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Critics flooded the state Capitol to voice their opposition to the proposal, with hundreds and hundreds of parents, and a handful doctors, lining up for hours to complain of government overreach and interference in the doctor-patient relationship.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“I believe in vaccines. I vaccinate my patients and my own children,” said Dr. Nicole Shorrock, a pediatrician from Sacramento. “But I cannot support this bill because it is too extreme. Patients have a right to have their medical treatment determined by their doctor, not a governmental appointee.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[pullquote size='medium' align='right' citation='Dr. Nicole Shorrock']‘Patients have a right to have their medical treatment determined by their doctor, not a governmental appointee.’[/pullquote]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The new bill is a follow-up to Sen. Pan’s earlier law, \u003ca href=\"https://leginfo.legislature.ca.gov/faces/billNavClient.xhtml?bill_id=201520160SB277\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">SB 277\u003c/a>, passed in 2015, which outlawed personal belief exemptions from vaccinations. Since then, the number of children getting medical exemptions more than tripled, from .2 percent to .7 percent.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Two other states – West Virginia and Mississippi – do not allow exemptions from vaccines for religious or personal reasons. West Virginia requires its state health department to vet medical exemptions.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Overall, California’s vaccination rate among children entering kindergarten went up in recent years to 95.6 percent, a level public health experts say is needed to create community immunity — when enough of the population is immunized to protect people who cannot be vaccinated, such as infants and people with compromised immune systems.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[aside tag='immunizations' label='Coverage of vaccines and immunizations']\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>However, the rising number of medical exemptions is showing up in clusters around the state — in concentrations inconsistent with the number of people who legitimately cannot be vaccinated — and that is leaving some schools with vaccination rates lower than 50 percent.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Students at these schools are at risk for a major outbreak,” said Sen. Pan, who is also a pediatrician. “These schools, with these low vaccination rates, represent the tinder for a disease wildfire that can harm the broader community. California cannot allow a handful of unscrupulous physicians to put our children in danger.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Most doctors in California support vaccination and emphasize the safety and efficacy of vaccines. The California Medical Association, a powerful physician trade group that has often resisted efforts to track or control doctors, endorsed the bill last month.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“This new legislation will close a loophole in the current law that has allowed a small handful of rogue doctors to skirt the spirit of the original law and has put millions of Californians at risk,” said Dr. David Aizuss, the medical association president. “All physicians must do their part to protect the health of children and the public at large.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The Senate Health Committee passed the bill on Wednesday. It goes next to Senate Appropriations, then faces several more committee votes to pass the Legislature.\u003c/p>\n\n",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>State lawmakers launched debate Wednesday on a new bill targeting doctors who write fraudulent medical notes to excuse children from getting vaccinations required to enter school. The hearing coincided with the recent declaration of measles outbreaks in Los Angeles and Butte County, bringing the number of cases of the virus to more than 30 statewide this year.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>State Sen. Richard Pan (D-Sacramento) made his case for \u003ca href=\"https://leginfo.legislature.ca.gov/faces/billTextClient.xhtml?bill_id=201920200SB276\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">SB 276\u003c/a>, saying families are skirting existing California law that forbids exemptions from vaccines for religious or personal objections by finding doctors willing to make up bogus medical excuses.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“We witnessed physicians who advertised exemptions for cash on social media and the internet,” Pan said. “We’d see some parents post on social media that their child’s regular physician refused to grant their child a medical exemption so they traveled to go purchase one from a distant physician.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The new bill is a follow-up to Sen. Pan’s earlier law, \u003ca href=\"https://leginfo.legislature.ca.gov/faces/billNavClient.xhtml?bill_id=201520160SB277\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">SB 277\u003c/a>, passed in 2015, which outlawed personal belief exemptions from vaccinations. Since then, the number of children getting medical exemptions more than tripled, from .2 percent to .7 percent.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Two other states – West Virginia and Mississippi – do not allow exemptions from vaccines for religious or personal reasons. West Virginia requires its state health department to vet medical exemptions.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Overall, California’s vaccination rate among children entering kindergarten went up in recent years to 95.6 percent, a level public health experts say is needed to create community immunity — when enough of the population is immunized to protect people who cannot be vaccinated, such as infants and people with compromised immune systems.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>However, the rising number of medical exemptions is showing up in clusters around the state — in concentrations inconsistent with the number of people who legitimately cannot be vaccinated — and that is leaving some schools with vaccination rates lower than 50 percent.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Students at these schools are at risk for a major outbreak,” said Sen. Pan, who is also a pediatrician. “These schools, with these low vaccination rates, represent the tinder for a disease wildfire that can harm the broader community. California cannot allow a handful of unscrupulous physicians to put our children in danger.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Most doctors in California support vaccination and emphasize the safety and efficacy of vaccines. The California Medical Association, a powerful physician trade group that has often resisted efforts to track or control doctors, endorsed the bill last month.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“This new legislation will close a loophole in the current law that has allowed a small handful of rogue doctors to skirt the spirit of the original law and has put millions of Californians at risk,” said Dr. David Aizuss, the medical association president. “All physicians must do their part to protect the health of children and the public at large.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The Senate Health Committee passed the bill on Wednesday. It goes next to Senate Appropriations, then faces several more committee votes to pass the Legislature.\u003c/p>\n\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>",
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"content": "\u003cp>\u003cb>Health Care and College Admissions Scam Fixes\u003cbr>\n\u003c/b>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">Lawmakers in Sacramento introduced a set of bills in response to the college admissions scandal involving Stanford, USC and other elite universities. One of the proposals would require three academic administrators to sign off on special admissions. Also this week, the Trump administration revealed it now wants the entire Affordable Care Act struck down, including the provision that protects people with pre-existing conditions from being denied coverage. Meanwhile, measles outbreaks in California, New York and other states are intensifying the debate over vaccinations. Pediatrician and California state Sen. Richard Pan introduced a bill this week that would require the state health department to approve all medical exemptions, which have tripled in the state in the past few years. \u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cb>Guests\u003c/b>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">: \u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cul>\n\u003cli style=\"font-weight: 400\">\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">Scott Shafer, KQED politics and government senior editor \u003c/span>\u003c/li>\n\u003cli style=\"font-weight: 400\">\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">Lanhee Chen, fellow, Hoover Institution \u003c/span>\u003c/li>\n\u003cli style=\"font-weight: 400\">\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">Alexei Koseff, state Capitol reporter, San Francisco Chronicle \u003c/span>\u003c/li>\n\u003c/ul>\n\u003cp>\u003cb>Bay Area Traffic and Housing Woes\u003cbr>\n\u003c/b>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">Two polls released this week found 65 percent of Bay Area residents surveyed feel the quality of life in the region has gotten worse in the last five years. Forty-four percent are considering leaving the area in the near future. Among their top sources of frustration: homelessness, the high cost of living and traffic congestion. The second poll found that a large majority of respondents, however, were willing to help pay for transportation improvements. \u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cb>Guests:\u003c/b>\u003c/p>\n\u003cul>\n\u003cli style=\"font-weight: 400\">\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">Guy Marzorati, KQED politics and government reporter\u003c/span>\u003c/li>\n\u003cli style=\"font-weight: 400\">\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">Carl Guardino, president and CEO, Silicon Valley Leadership Group \u003c/span>\u003c/li>\n\u003c/ul>\n\u003cp>\u003cb>“Mama’s Last Hug”\u003cbr>\n\u003c/b>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">For more than 40 years, Dutch scientist Frans de Waal has been studying such primates as chimps, our closest biological relative. He has tracked and documented their social behavior, from acts of cooperation to fierce power struggles between rivals. But it was a poignant embrace shared between his mentor and an elderly chimp named Mama that inspired de Waal to write about emotions in the animal world. In his new book, he says it’s not just humans who are capable of joy, guilt and other complex emotions that have evolved across species and helped them to survive. KQED politics correspondent Marisa Lagos spoke with de Waal, a professor of psychology at Emory University and the author of “Mama’s Last Hug.” \u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>\u003cb>Health Care and College Admissions Scam Fixes\u003cbr>\n\u003c/b>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">Lawmakers in Sacramento introduced a set of bills in response to the college admissions scandal involving Stanford, USC and other elite universities. One of the proposals would require three academic administrators to sign off on special admissions. Also this week, the Trump administration revealed it now wants the entire Affordable Care Act struck down, including the provision that protects people with pre-existing conditions from being denied coverage. Meanwhile, measles outbreaks in California, New York and other states are intensifying the debate over vaccinations. Pediatrician and California state Sen. Richard Pan introduced a bill this week that would require the state health department to approve all medical exemptions, which have tripled in the state in the past few years. \u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cb>Guests\u003c/b>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">: \u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cul>\n\u003cli style=\"font-weight: 400\">\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">Scott Shafer, KQED politics and government senior editor \u003c/span>\u003c/li>\n\u003cli style=\"font-weight: 400\">\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">Lanhee Chen, fellow, Hoover Institution \u003c/span>\u003c/li>\n\u003cli style=\"font-weight: 400\">\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">Alexei Koseff, state Capitol reporter, San Francisco Chronicle \u003c/span>\u003c/li>\n\u003c/ul>\n\u003cp>\u003cb>Bay Area Traffic and Housing Woes\u003cbr>\n\u003c/b>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">Two polls released this week found 65 percent of Bay Area residents surveyed feel the quality of life in the region has gotten worse in the last five years. Forty-four percent are considering leaving the area in the near future. Among their top sources of frustration: homelessness, the high cost of living and traffic congestion. The second poll found that a large majority of respondents, however, were willing to help pay for transportation improvements. \u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cb>Guests:\u003c/b>\u003c/p>\n\u003cul>\n\u003cli style=\"font-weight: 400\">\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">Guy Marzorati, KQED politics and government reporter\u003c/span>\u003c/li>\n\u003cli style=\"font-weight: 400\">\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">Carl Guardino, president and CEO, Silicon Valley Leadership Group \u003c/span>\u003c/li>\n\u003c/ul>\n\u003cp>\u003cb>“Mama’s Last Hug”\u003cbr>\n\u003c/b>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">For more than 40 years, Dutch scientist Frans de Waal has been studying such primates as chimps, our closest biological relative. He has tracked and documented their social behavior, from acts of cooperation to fierce power struggles between rivals. But it was a poignant embrace shared between his mentor and an elderly chimp named Mama that inspired de Waal to write about emotions in the animal world. In his new book, he says it’s not just humans who are capable of joy, guilt and other complex emotions that have evolved across species and helped them to survive. KQED politics correspondent Marisa Lagos spoke with de Waal, a professor of psychology at Emory University and the author of “Mama’s Last Hug.” \u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"title": "California Made it Hard to Avoid Vaccinating Kids. Medical Waivers Have Tripled. Now What?",
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"content": "\u003cp>Three years after California stopped allowing families to easily opt out of childhood vaccines, the number of kids getting medical waivers has tripled—the result, critics say, of some doctors loosely issuing exemptions to help families get around the law.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The decrease has left some counties, including Nevada and Plumas, below the recommended vaccination rate required for “community immunity” against dangerous diseases such as measles and whooping cough.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>And the number of medical exemptions will continue to rise unless the state clamps down, warns a \u003ca href=\"http://pediatrics.aappublications.org/content/142/5/e20181051\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">study\u003c/a> in the journal of the American Academy of Pediatrics. The authors interviewed local public health officers across the state, some of whom complained of doctors charging fees in exchange for writing exemptions.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>This winter—as an \u003ca href=\"https://www.washingtonpost.com/national/health-science/it-will-take-off-like-a-wildfire-the-unique-dangers-of-the-washington-state-measles-outbreak/2019/02/06/cfd5088a-28fa-11e9-b011-d8500644dc98_story.html?noredirect=on&utm_term=.ab9409e8ad93\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">outbreak of measles\u003c/a> strikes several states that allow parents to opt out of vaccinating their children because of personal or philosophical objections—California is one of three states that allow only medical exemptions. Since \u003ca href=\"https://leginfo.legislature.ca.gov/faces/billNavClient.xhtml?bill_id=201520160SB277\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">the law\u003c/a> was enacted, California’s vaccination rate has risen more than 2 percent. It’s now just over 95 percent, above the 94 percent rate the state health department says should be sufficient to protect those who can’t be vaccinated, but regional pockets of the population remain at risk.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Legislators and health experts are debating what to do next. One proposal would be modeled on an existing state requirement that any veterinarian seeking to exempt a sick dog from rabies vaccination must obtain approval from a health official.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“We delegated that authority to licensed physicians, and the problem is we have physicians abusing that authority,” said Democratic state Sen. Richard Pan, a Sacramento-area pediatrician who authored the state’s controversial ban on personal waivers after a measles outbreak originating at Disneyland infected 136 people. “I think we need the health departments to basically say when someone is abusing that authority—and to withdraw that authority and invalidate exemptions that were fraudulent.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>State Public Health Department \u003ca href=\"https://www.cdph.ca.gov/Programs/CID/DCDC/CDPH%20Document%20Library/Immunization/2017-2018KindergartenSummaryReport.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">data\u003c/a> shows medical exemptions among kindergarteners rose to now represent 0.7 percent statewide in the last school year, from 0.2 percent two years earlier—an uptick largely in private schools, where more than 1 in 50 students now have a medical waiver from the vaccination law. All told, 4,111 California kindergarteners had permanent medical exemptions from vaccination in the last school year, out of more than a half-million kindergarteners enrolled.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Other ideas under state discussion:\u003c/p>\n\u003cul>\n\u003cli>Creating a new review process and oversight managed by local public health officials\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>Giving local public health officials authority to review exemptions\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>Collecting data on physicians granting exemptions\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>Invalidating exemptions and remove authority from physicians who are found in violation\u003c/li>\n\u003c/ul>\n\u003cp>Robert Kim-Farley, professor at the UCLA Fielding School of Public Health, said adapting for doctors requirements similar to those veterinarians must meet to exempt dogs from rabies vaccines. Vets must \u003ca href=\"http://publichealth.lacounty.gov/vet/docs/Exemption_guidelines.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">submit a form\u003c/a> to a local health official for review, and a granted waiver expires after one year. “When that oversight occurs, they quickly learn they are not going to get this through unless it’s a really serious situation like the dog is having chemotherapy,” Kim-Farley said. Similarly, “physicians need to give a cogent, logical reason why this patient should not receive a vaccine.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Pan has yet to propose a legislative remedy, saying he is working with the state health department and the California Medical Board on how to deal with physicians who may be in violation.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c!-- iframe plugin v.4.3 wordpress.org/plugins/iframe/ -->\u003cbr>\n\u003ciframe loading=\"lazy\" src=\"https://e.infogram.com/f5b290bb-0579-4f45-949e-8c45aba66813?src=embed\" title=\"County Vaccination Rates\" width=\"550\" height=\"995\" scrolling=\"no\" frameborder=\"0\" style=\"border:none;\" allowfullscreen=\"allowfullscreen\" class=\"iframe-class\">\u003c/iframe>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The California Medical Association, a doctors’ organization that supported eliminating the personal exemption, is again working with Pan. The organization supports “having standards in place to make sure the medical exemption system is not being abused,” said association spokesman Anthony York.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But critics say any new rules would amount to overkill by lawmakers, who had promised to leave medical exemptions to the discretion of doctors.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“The state is inserting itself in between the patient-doctor relationship,” said Rebecca Estepp, an advocate who campaigned against jettisoning the personal waiver and calls the increase in medical waivers “nothing.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>She attributes most of the rise to the fact that many parents whose children qualified for a medical exemption used to just sign a personal exemption card because it was easier.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The U.S. Centers for Disease Control urges vaccinations for the vast majority of children, saying they are generally safe, and that the benefits of protection against potentially fatal disease are worth the risk. It \u003ca href=\"https://www.cdc.gov/vaccines/vac-gen/side-effects.htm#mmrv\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">acknowledges\u003c/a> that vaccines can cause side effects, ranging from the most common like soreness and fever to, in rare cases, seizures and brain damage.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Federal \u003ca href=\"https://www.cdc.gov/vaccines/hcp/acip-recs/general-recs/contraindications.html\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">guidelines\u003c/a> advise avoiding or delaying certain vaccines for children with compromised immune systems, and those with a personal or family history of seizures, or those who have experienced encephalopathy after receiving a vaccine. California law also allows family medical history to be taken into account.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The October \u003ca href=\"http://pediatrics.aappublications.org/content/142/5/e20181051\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">study\u003c/a> in Pediatrics reported that most California county and city health officers and immunization staff reported few or no problems with medical exemptions. But other staffers did report problems, noting that some doctors were listing questionable conditions such as a family history of allergies, or charging fees in exchange for writing exemptions, or charging families for medical tests to establish family history and exemptions signed by doctors who do not usually treat children.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>One local health officer, the study noted, cited the example of a physician charging families to watch a video before issuing a three-month exemption at a cost of $300. Parents would then be required to return for a fresh exemption at additional cost.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>One immunization coordinator told the researchers, “The way that the law is written, the physician is the one who makes the decision…. I see some really lame reasons (for medical exemptions.). But I’m not the physician, and it’s not in my capacity to be able to say, ‘Well, that’s not a valid medical exemption.’”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Under California’s law, physicians are allowed to take family medical history into consideration, and to use their expertise to decide what qualifies as an exemption.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Last summer the California Medical Board \u003ca href=\"http://www2.mbc.ca.gov/BreezePDL/document.aspx?path=%5cDIDOCS%5c20180627%5cDMRAAAGL14%5c&did=AAAGL180627201150927.DID\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">disciplined\u003c/a> Orange County pediatrician \u003ca href=\"https://www.latimes.com/local/california/la-me-ln-sears-license-20180629-story.html\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Bob Sears\u003c/a>— known for his stance against the current schedule required for vaccines—and gave him a 35-month probation for exempting a toddler from all vaccines without examining the child.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c!-- iframe plugin v.4.3 wordpress.org/plugins/iframe/ -->\u003cbr>\n\u003ciframe loading=\"lazy\" src=\"https://e.infogram.com/7a724d9d-e7db-44bb-bc3a-9bca7b630e13?src=embed\" title=\"Copy: Required Vaccinations for Kinder\" width=\"700\" height=\"765\" scrolling=\"no\" frameborder=\"0\" style=\"border:none;\" allowfullscreen=\"allowfullscreen\" class=\"iframe-class\">\u003c/iframe>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>At that time Sears \u003ca href=\"https://www.facebook.com/permalink.php?story_fbid=1835023183202824&id=116317855073374&__tn__=K-R\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">declared on Facebook\u003c/a> that his punishment was political: “Isn’t it my job to listen to my patients and believe what a parent says happened to her baby?” he wrote. “Isn’t that what ALL doctors do with their patients?”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Kenneth Stoller, a former board-certified pediatrician who is now an integrative physician in San Francisco, opposed the law eliminating personal waivers for childhood vaccines. Now he advertises on his website that he will see families seeking exemptions and will consider issuing one after an exam and a full family medical history consultation.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>He argues that public health officials should not become the arbiters of medical exemptions.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“I and my colleagues would object to that because we practice medicine. This needs to be approached on an individual personal medical basis,” Stoller said. “Public health departments are not practicing medicine. They are far more administrative and bureaucratic. They are also constrained by one of their main funding sources—the CDC”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>More than half of the state’s Public Health budget is \u003ca href=\"https://www.cdph.ca.gov/Documents/CDPH%202018-19%20Budget%20Act%20Highlights.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">from federal funds\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“We need an independent state commission to come up with guidelines and parameters for writing (medical exemptions) so the act of writing (them), as per the law, is not considered either negligent or inappropriate,” said Stoller.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Lawmakers may be reluctant to invite a sequel to the turbulent Capitol fight four years ago over vaccinations exemptions; instead they may urge state regulators to more aggressively crack down on dubious medical exemptions. If a new law is proposed, Estepp said, legislators should expect to see vocal parents and advocates who oppose tighter vaccine regulation flood their offices like they did last time.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad floatright]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>\u003ca href=\"https://calmatters.org/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">CALmatters.org\u003c/a> is a nonprofit, nonpartisan media venture explaining California policies and politics.\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\n",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>Three years after California stopped allowing families to easily opt out of childhood vaccines, the number of kids getting medical waivers has tripled—the result, critics say, of some doctors loosely issuing exemptions to help families get around the law.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The decrease has left some counties, including Nevada and Plumas, below the recommended vaccination rate required for “community immunity” against dangerous diseases such as measles and whooping cough.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>And the number of medical exemptions will continue to rise unless the state clamps down, warns a \u003ca href=\"http://pediatrics.aappublications.org/content/142/5/e20181051\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">study\u003c/a> in the journal of the American Academy of Pediatrics. The authors interviewed local public health officers across the state, some of whom complained of doctors charging fees in exchange for writing exemptions.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>This winter—as an \u003ca href=\"https://www.washingtonpost.com/national/health-science/it-will-take-off-like-a-wildfire-the-unique-dangers-of-the-washington-state-measles-outbreak/2019/02/06/cfd5088a-28fa-11e9-b011-d8500644dc98_story.html?noredirect=on&utm_term=.ab9409e8ad93\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">outbreak of measles\u003c/a> strikes several states that allow parents to opt out of vaccinating their children because of personal or philosophical objections—California is one of three states that allow only medical exemptions. Since \u003ca href=\"https://leginfo.legislature.ca.gov/faces/billNavClient.xhtml?bill_id=201520160SB277\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">the law\u003c/a> was enacted, California’s vaccination rate has risen more than 2 percent. It’s now just over 95 percent, above the 94 percent rate the state health department says should be sufficient to protect those who can’t be vaccinated, but regional pockets of the population remain at risk.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Legislators and health experts are debating what to do next. One proposal would be modeled on an existing state requirement that any veterinarian seeking to exempt a sick dog from rabies vaccination must obtain approval from a health official.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“We delegated that authority to licensed physicians, and the problem is we have physicians abusing that authority,” said Democratic state Sen. Richard Pan, a Sacramento-area pediatrician who authored the state’s controversial ban on personal waivers after a measles outbreak originating at Disneyland infected 136 people. “I think we need the health departments to basically say when someone is abusing that authority—and to withdraw that authority and invalidate exemptions that were fraudulent.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>State Public Health Department \u003ca href=\"https://www.cdph.ca.gov/Programs/CID/DCDC/CDPH%20Document%20Library/Immunization/2017-2018KindergartenSummaryReport.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">data\u003c/a> shows medical exemptions among kindergarteners rose to now represent 0.7 percent statewide in the last school year, from 0.2 percent two years earlier—an uptick largely in private schools, where more than 1 in 50 students now have a medical waiver from the vaccination law. All told, 4,111 California kindergarteners had permanent medical exemptions from vaccination in the last school year, out of more than a half-million kindergarteners enrolled.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Other ideas under state discussion:\u003c/p>\n\u003cul>\n\u003cli>Creating a new review process and oversight managed by local public health officials\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>Giving local public health officials authority to review exemptions\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>Collecting data on physicians granting exemptions\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>Invalidating exemptions and remove authority from physicians who are found in violation\u003c/li>\n\u003c/ul>\n\u003cp>Robert Kim-Farley, professor at the UCLA Fielding School of Public Health, said adapting for doctors requirements similar to those veterinarians must meet to exempt dogs from rabies vaccines. Vets must \u003ca href=\"http://publichealth.lacounty.gov/vet/docs/Exemption_guidelines.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">submit a form\u003c/a> to a local health official for review, and a granted waiver expires after one year. “When that oversight occurs, they quickly learn they are not going to get this through unless it’s a really serious situation like the dog is having chemotherapy,” Kim-Farley said. Similarly, “physicians need to give a cogent, logical reason why this patient should not receive a vaccine.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Pan has yet to propose a legislative remedy, saying he is working with the state health department and the California Medical Board on how to deal with physicians who may be in violation.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c!-- iframe plugin v.4.3 wordpress.org/plugins/iframe/ -->\u003cbr>\n\u003ciframe loading=\"lazy\" src=\"https://e.infogram.com/f5b290bb-0579-4f45-949e-8c45aba66813?src=embed\" title=\"County Vaccination Rates\" width=\"550\" height=\"995\" scrolling=\"no\" frameborder=\"0\" style=\"border:none;\" allowfullscreen=\"allowfullscreen\" class=\"iframe-class\">\u003c/iframe>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The California Medical Association, a doctors’ organization that supported eliminating the personal exemption, is again working with Pan. The organization supports “having standards in place to make sure the medical exemption system is not being abused,” said association spokesman Anthony York.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But critics say any new rules would amount to overkill by lawmakers, who had promised to leave medical exemptions to the discretion of doctors.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“The state is inserting itself in between the patient-doctor relationship,” said Rebecca Estepp, an advocate who campaigned against jettisoning the personal waiver and calls the increase in medical waivers “nothing.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>She attributes most of the rise to the fact that many parents whose children qualified for a medical exemption used to just sign a personal exemption card because it was easier.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The U.S. Centers for Disease Control urges vaccinations for the vast majority of children, saying they are generally safe, and that the benefits of protection against potentially fatal disease are worth the risk. It \u003ca href=\"https://www.cdc.gov/vaccines/vac-gen/side-effects.htm#mmrv\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">acknowledges\u003c/a> that vaccines can cause side effects, ranging from the most common like soreness and fever to, in rare cases, seizures and brain damage.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Federal \u003ca href=\"https://www.cdc.gov/vaccines/hcp/acip-recs/general-recs/contraindications.html\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">guidelines\u003c/a> advise avoiding or delaying certain vaccines for children with compromised immune systems, and those with a personal or family history of seizures, or those who have experienced encephalopathy after receiving a vaccine. California law also allows family medical history to be taken into account.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The October \u003ca href=\"http://pediatrics.aappublications.org/content/142/5/e20181051\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">study\u003c/a> in Pediatrics reported that most California county and city health officers and immunization staff reported few or no problems with medical exemptions. But other staffers did report problems, noting that some doctors were listing questionable conditions such as a family history of allergies, or charging fees in exchange for writing exemptions, or charging families for medical tests to establish family history and exemptions signed by doctors who do not usually treat children.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>One local health officer, the study noted, cited the example of a physician charging families to watch a video before issuing a three-month exemption at a cost of $300. Parents would then be required to return for a fresh exemption at additional cost.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>One immunization coordinator told the researchers, “The way that the law is written, the physician is the one who makes the decision…. I see some really lame reasons (for medical exemptions.). But I’m not the physician, and it’s not in my capacity to be able to say, ‘Well, that’s not a valid medical exemption.’”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Under California’s law, physicians are allowed to take family medical history into consideration, and to use their expertise to decide what qualifies as an exemption.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Last summer the California Medical Board \u003ca href=\"http://www2.mbc.ca.gov/BreezePDL/document.aspx?path=%5cDIDOCS%5c20180627%5cDMRAAAGL14%5c&did=AAAGL180627201150927.DID\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">disciplined\u003c/a> Orange County pediatrician \u003ca href=\"https://www.latimes.com/local/california/la-me-ln-sears-license-20180629-story.html\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Bob Sears\u003c/a>— known for his stance against the current schedule required for vaccines—and gave him a 35-month probation for exempting a toddler from all vaccines without examining the child.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c!-- iframe plugin v.4.3 wordpress.org/plugins/iframe/ -->\u003cbr>\n\u003ciframe loading=\"lazy\" src=\"https://e.infogram.com/7a724d9d-e7db-44bb-bc3a-9bca7b630e13?src=embed\" title=\"Copy: Required Vaccinations for Kinder\" width=\"700\" height=\"765\" scrolling=\"no\" frameborder=\"0\" style=\"border:none;\" allowfullscreen=\"allowfullscreen\" class=\"iframe-class\">\u003c/iframe>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>At that time Sears \u003ca href=\"https://www.facebook.com/permalink.php?story_fbid=1835023183202824&id=116317855073374&__tn__=K-R\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">declared on Facebook\u003c/a> that his punishment was political: “Isn’t it my job to listen to my patients and believe what a parent says happened to her baby?” he wrote. “Isn’t that what ALL doctors do with their patients?”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Kenneth Stoller, a former board-certified pediatrician who is now an integrative physician in San Francisco, opposed the law eliminating personal waivers for childhood vaccines. Now he advertises on his website that he will see families seeking exemptions and will consider issuing one after an exam and a full family medical history consultation.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>He argues that public health officials should not become the arbiters of medical exemptions.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“I and my colleagues would object to that because we practice medicine. This needs to be approached on an individual personal medical basis,” Stoller said. “Public health departments are not practicing medicine. They are far more administrative and bureaucratic. They are also constrained by one of their main funding sources—the CDC”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>More than half of the state’s Public Health budget is \u003ca href=\"https://www.cdph.ca.gov/Documents/CDPH%202018-19%20Budget%20Act%20Highlights.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">from federal funds\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“We need an independent state commission to come up with guidelines and parameters for writing (medical exemptions) so the act of writing (them), as per the law, is not considered either negligent or inappropriate,” said Stoller.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Lawmakers may be reluctant to invite a sequel to the turbulent Capitol fight four years ago over vaccinations exemptions; instead they may urge state regulators to more aggressively crack down on dubious medical exemptions. If a new law is proposed, Estepp said, legislators should expect to see vocal parents and advocates who oppose tighter vaccine regulation flood their offices like they did last time.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"info": "What kind of no sabo word is Hyphenación? For us, it’s about living within a hyphenation. Like being a third-gen Mexican-American from the Texas border now living that Bay Area Chicano life. Like Xorje! Each week we bring together a couple of hyphenated Latinos to talk all about personal life choices: family, careers, relationships, belonging … everything is on the table. ",
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"info": "Possible is hosted by entrepreneur Reid Hoffman and writer Aria Finger. Together in Possible, Hoffman and Finger lead enlightening discussions about building a brighter collective future. The show features interviews with visionary guests like Trevor Noah, Sam Altman and Janette Sadik-Khan. Possible paints an optimistic portrait of the world we can create through science, policy, business, art and our shared humanity. It asks: What if everything goes right for once? How can we get there? Each episode also includes a short fiction story generated by advanced AI GPT-4, serving as a thought-provoking springboard to speculate how humanity could leverage technology for good.",
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"soldout": {
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"title": "SOLD OUT: Rethinking Housing in America",
"tagline": "A new future for housing",
"info": "Sold Out: Rethinking Housing in America",
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