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"content": "\u003cp>LOS ANGELES — A former trash collector in Los Angeles was convicted Thursday of 10 “Grim Sleeper” serial killings that spanned two decades and targeted vulnerable young black women.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Lonnie Franklin Jr. showed no emotion as a clerk read the 10 murder verdicts in Los Angeles County Superior Court after a two-month trial in the potential death penalty case.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Franklin also was found guilty of one count of attempted murder.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Jurors were told to return May 12 for the trial’s penalty phase. Franklin could receive the death penalty.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The killings from 1985 to 2007 were dubbed the work of the “Grim Sleeper” because of an apparent 14-year gap after one woman survived a gunshot to the chest in 1988.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The crimes went unsolved for decades and community members complained that police ignored the cases because the victims were black, poor and some were prostitutes and drug users.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Much of the violence unfolded during the nation’s crack cocaine epidemic when at least two other serial killers prowled the part of the city then known as South Central.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[contextly_sidebar id=”OlPn7fUZylU6qqFbA0y8ATfz1jl9VNcl”]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The 10 victims, including a 15-year-old girl, were fatally shot or strangled and dumped in alleys and garbage bins. Most had traces of cocaine in their systems.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Franklin, 63, a onetime trash collector in the area and a garage attendant for the Los Angeles Police Department, had been hiding in plain sight, said Deputy District Attorney Beth Silverman.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Police eventually connected Franklin to the crimes after a task force was assigned to revisit the case that dozens of officers failed to solve in the 1980s. The DNA of Franklin’s son, collected after a felony arrest, had similarities to genetic material left on the bodies of many of the victims.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>An officer posing as a busboy later retrieved pizza crusts and napkins with Franklin’s DNA while he was celebrating at a birthday party.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>It proved a match with material found on the breasts and clothing of many of the women and on the zip tie of a trash bag that held the curled-up body of the final victim, Janecia Peters. She was found Jan. 1, 2007, by someone who was rifling through a trash bin and noticed her red fingernails through a hole in the bag.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Silverman described the victims as sisters, daughters and mothers who suffered frailties but had hopes and dreams.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>She projected photos of the 10 women from happier days, many smiling from headshots that captured their youth and the hairstyles of the times. The images were in stark contrast to gory crime scene and autopsy photos also displayed of half-naked bodies sprawled among garbage — images that made family members wince, weep and recoil in the gallery.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_10947111\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 800px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-medium wp-image-10947111\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2016/05/GrimSleeperVictimMem-800x478.jpg\" alt=\"Rev. Dr. Kelvin Calloway leaves a message on photographs set up as a memorial for 10 of the victims of the Grim Sleeper serial killer, in Los Angeles in 2010.\" width=\"800\" height=\"478\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2016/05/GrimSleeperVictimMem-800x478.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2016/05/GrimSleeperVictimMem-400x239.jpg 400w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2016/05/GrimSleeperVictimMem.jpg 1920w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2016/05/GrimSleeperVictimMem-1180x705.jpg 1180w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2016/05/GrimSleeperVictimMem-960x574.jpg 960w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Rev. Dr. Kelvin Calloway leaves a message on photographs set up as a memorial for 10 of the victims of the Grim Sleeper serial killer, in Los Angeles in 2010. \u003ccite>(MARK RALSTON/AFP/Getty Images)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Defense lawyer Seymour Amster challenged what he called “inferior science” of DNA and ballistics evidence. During his closing argument, he introduced a new theory: a “mystery man with a mystery gun and mystery DNA” was responsible for all the killings. He said the man was a “nephew” of Franklin’s who was jealous because his uncle had better luck with romance, though he offered no supporting evidence or any name.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Amster based the theory on the testimony of the sole known survivor, Enietra Washington, who was shot in the chest and crawled to safety after being shoved from an orange Ford Pinto in November 1988. She testified that her assailant said he had to stop at his “uncle’s house” for money before the attack.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Washington later led detectives to Franklin’s street.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Silverman scoffed at the “mystery nephew” notion, saying it was as rational an explanation as a spaceship killing the women. She said the killer had just lied to Washington about an uncle and was probably stopping at his house to get his gun.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The attack fit the pattern of seven previous killings and showed how the killer carried out the crimes, Silverman said. The bullet removed from Washington’s chest matched ammo retrieved from the previous victims, and she provided a detail that would later prove telling.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Washington described how her attacker took a Polaroid photo of her as she was losing consciousness. Police searching Franklin’s house more than two decades later found a snapshot of the wounded Washington slouched over in a car with a breast exposed. It was hidden behind a wall in his garage.\u003c/p>\n\n",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>LOS ANGELES — A former trash collector in Los Angeles was convicted Thursday of 10 “Grim Sleeper” serial killings that spanned two decades and targeted vulnerable young black women.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Lonnie Franklin Jr. showed no emotion as a clerk read the 10 murder verdicts in Los Angeles County Superior Court after a two-month trial in the potential death penalty case.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Franklin also was found guilty of one count of attempted murder.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Jurors were told to return May 12 for the trial’s penalty phase. Franklin could receive the death penalty.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The killings from 1985 to 2007 were dubbed the work of the “Grim Sleeper” because of an apparent 14-year gap after one woman survived a gunshot to the chest in 1988.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The crimes went unsolved for decades and community members complained that police ignored the cases because the victims were black, poor and some were prostitutes and drug users.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Much of the violence unfolded during the nation’s crack cocaine epidemic when at least two other serial killers prowled the part of the city then known as South Central.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The 10 victims, including a 15-year-old girl, were fatally shot or strangled and dumped in alleys and garbage bins. Most had traces of cocaine in their systems.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Franklin, 63, a onetime trash collector in the area and a garage attendant for the Los Angeles Police Department, had been hiding in plain sight, said Deputy District Attorney Beth Silverman.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Police eventually connected Franklin to the crimes after a task force was assigned to revisit the case that dozens of officers failed to solve in the 1980s. The DNA of Franklin’s son, collected after a felony arrest, had similarities to genetic material left on the bodies of many of the victims.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>An officer posing as a busboy later retrieved pizza crusts and napkins with Franklin’s DNA while he was celebrating at a birthday party.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>It proved a match with material found on the breasts and clothing of many of the women and on the zip tie of a trash bag that held the curled-up body of the final victim, Janecia Peters. She was found Jan. 1, 2007, by someone who was rifling through a trash bin and noticed her red fingernails through a hole in the bag.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Silverman described the victims as sisters, daughters and mothers who suffered frailties but had hopes and dreams.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>She projected photos of the 10 women from happier days, many smiling from headshots that captured their youth and the hairstyles of the times. The images were in stark contrast to gory crime scene and autopsy photos also displayed of half-naked bodies sprawled among garbage — images that made family members wince, weep and recoil in the gallery.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_10947111\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 800px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-medium wp-image-10947111\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2016/05/GrimSleeperVictimMem-800x478.jpg\" alt=\"Rev. Dr. Kelvin Calloway leaves a message on photographs set up as a memorial for 10 of the victims of the Grim Sleeper serial killer, in Los Angeles in 2010.\" width=\"800\" height=\"478\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2016/05/GrimSleeperVictimMem-800x478.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2016/05/GrimSleeperVictimMem-400x239.jpg 400w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2016/05/GrimSleeperVictimMem.jpg 1920w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2016/05/GrimSleeperVictimMem-1180x705.jpg 1180w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2016/05/GrimSleeperVictimMem-960x574.jpg 960w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Rev. Dr. Kelvin Calloway leaves a message on photographs set up as a memorial for 10 of the victims of the Grim Sleeper serial killer, in Los Angeles in 2010. \u003ccite>(MARK RALSTON/AFP/Getty Images)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Defense lawyer Seymour Amster challenged what he called “inferior science” of DNA and ballistics evidence. During his closing argument, he introduced a new theory: a “mystery man with a mystery gun and mystery DNA” was responsible for all the killings. He said the man was a “nephew” of Franklin’s who was jealous because his uncle had better luck with romance, though he offered no supporting evidence or any name.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Amster based the theory on the testimony of the sole known survivor, Enietra Washington, who was shot in the chest and crawled to safety after being shoved from an orange Ford Pinto in November 1988. She testified that her assailant said he had to stop at his “uncle’s house” for money before the attack.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Washington later led detectives to Franklin’s street.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Silverman scoffed at the “mystery nephew” notion, saying it was as rational an explanation as a spaceship killing the women. She said the killer had just lied to Washington about an uncle and was probably stopping at his house to get his gun.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The attack fit the pattern of seven previous killings and showed how the killer carried out the crimes, Silverman said. The bullet removed from Washington’s chest matched ammo retrieved from the previous victims, and she provided a detail that would later prove telling.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Washington described how her attacker took a Polaroid photo of her as she was losing consciousness. Police searching Franklin’s house more than two decades later found a snapshot of the wounded Washington slouched over in a car with a breast exposed. It was hidden behind a wall in his garage.\u003c/p>\n\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>",
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"disqusTitle": "How Starbucks Got Tangled Up in L.A.'s Homelessness Crisis",
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"content": "\u003cp>It's about 6:30 in the morning at a Starbucks near Santa Monica Beach, and David Rodriguez Ordunez is checking Facebook while charging his phone.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>He's one of 44,000 people living on the streets in and around Los Angeles — and he's one of three homeless people at the coffee shop this morning.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"Since there's Internet here, that's mainly one of the purposes. I've usually got to find locations to actually have access,\" Ordunez explains.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Why Starbucks instead of the library? \"Well, the library opens like at 10 o'clock or something,\" he says.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Most shelters close early in the morning, pushing people out onto the sidewalks — where they sometimes go back to sleep. \"And then a lot of times if you're homeless, you've got to get up at a certain time 'cause if not, they'll give you a ticket,\" Ordunez adds. \"That's totally inhumane. I'm like, give me a place to live or somewhere to go or something.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>With more than 400 branches in the L.A. area, often the place to go is Starbucks. And that's why lately, these coffee shops are finding themselves on the front line of the city's homeless crisis.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In the past few months, three Starbucks outlets in L.A. have closed their bathrooms completely, even to paying customers. Those stores are located in downtown and Hollywood, areas with big homeless populations.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[contextly_sidebar id=\"uXxzUfSMvmisqaTEvoyBblCCBgT7MJXd\"]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In a statement, the company said the closures are because of unspecified safety concerns. But former Starbucks supervisor Lester Monzon says the chain has had a long-standing struggle with the homeless relying on its bathrooms.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"A lot of the homeless people that do tend to come in, and they will buy a cup of coffee, they use the restroom as their shower time,\" he says. \"They'll take off their shirts, they'll bathe themselves. When they leave, the whole bathroom is just completely destroyed.\" Some current employees, who aren't allowed to speak on tape, had similar complaints.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But regulating bathroom use is just one concern. Twenty to 25 percent of the homeless population in the U.S. suffers from some form of severe mental illness — and many baristas aren't sure how to interact with homeless customers showing signs of mental distress. Should they ask the person to leave? Call the police?\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>And they have to take customers into account, too, Monzon says. \"Half the people that are watching are seeing if you're gonna be a jerk. Half the people don't want them there and half the people are like, more compassion,\" he says. \"You try to do your best.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>On a recent afternoon, a woman came out of a Starbucks near the Hollywood Walk of Fame, yelling at nobody. She was pulling a shopping cart full of bags — and carrying a cup of coffee.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>It's a tough situation, says Mary McNeall, who frequents a Starbucks near Venice Beach. \"My heart goes out to them, and it's definitely something delicate,\" she says. \"It can get uncomfortable.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>And yet — it makes sense that Starbucks is one of several places where the city's growing number of homeless patch together their days, says \u003ca href=\"https://law.ucla.edu/faculty/faculty-profiles/gary-l-blasi/\">Gary Blasi\u003c/a>, a professor emeritus at the UCLA School of Law and a longtime advocate for the homeless. The problem is, \"there is no social safety net,\" he says. \"Or if there is, it's comprised mainly of holes.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"Frankly, I think a lot of people who are hanging out in a Starbucks would rather be hanging out at home,\" he adds.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>That's where Ordunez — the man charging his phone in Santa Monica — would rather be.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>People aren't that friendly when you walk in, carrying a bunch of bags, he says. \"And you just notice it, you know?\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Copyright 2016 NPR. To see more, visit http://www.npr.org/.\u003c/p>\n\n",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>With more than 400 branches in the L.A. area, often the place to go is Starbucks. And that's why lately, these coffee shops are finding themselves on the front line of the city's homeless crisis.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In the past few months, three Starbucks outlets in L.A. have closed their bathrooms completely, even to paying customers. Those stores are located in downtown and Hollywood, areas with big homeless populations.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In a statement, the company said the closures are because of unspecified safety concerns. But former Starbucks supervisor Lester Monzon says the chain has had a long-standing struggle with the homeless relying on its bathrooms.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"A lot of the homeless people that do tend to come in, and they will buy a cup of coffee, they use the restroom as their shower time,\" he says. \"They'll take off their shirts, they'll bathe themselves. When they leave, the whole bathroom is just completely destroyed.\" Some current employees, who aren't allowed to speak on tape, had similar complaints.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But regulating bathroom use is just one concern. Twenty to 25 percent of the homeless population in the U.S. suffers from some form of severe mental illness — and many baristas aren't sure how to interact with homeless customers showing signs of mental distress. Should they ask the person to leave? Call the police?\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>And they have to take customers into account, too, Monzon says. \"Half the people that are watching are seeing if you're gonna be a jerk. Half the people don't want them there and half the people are like, more compassion,\" he says. \"You try to do your best.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>On a recent afternoon, a woman came out of a Starbucks near the Hollywood Walk of Fame, yelling at nobody. She was pulling a shopping cart full of bags — and carrying a cup of coffee.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>It's a tough situation, says Mary McNeall, who frequents a Starbucks near Venice Beach. \"My heart goes out to them, and it's definitely something delicate,\" she says. \"It can get uncomfortable.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>And yet — it makes sense that Starbucks is one of several places where the city's growing number of homeless patch together their days, says \u003ca href=\"https://law.ucla.edu/faculty/faculty-profiles/gary-l-blasi/\">Gary Blasi\u003c/a>, a professor emeritus at the UCLA School of Law and a longtime advocate for the homeless. The problem is, \"there is no social safety net,\" he says. \"Or if there is, it's comprised mainly of holes.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"Frankly, I think a lot of people who are hanging out in a Starbucks would rather be hanging out at home,\" he adds.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>That's where Ordunez — the man charging his phone in Santa Monica — would rather be.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>People aren't that friendly when you walk in, carrying a bunch of bags, he says. \"And you just notice it, you know?\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Copyright 2016 NPR. To see more, visit http://www.npr.org/.\u003c/p>\n\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>",
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"disqusTitle": "L.A. Exhibit Makes Disposable Plastic Trash Impossible to Ignore",
"title": "L.A. Exhibit Makes Disposable Plastic Trash Impossible to Ignore",
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"content": "\u003cp>Discarded plastic cups and bottles are so prevalent, they’re almost invisible. Whether it’s an iced coffee cup from Starbucks or a red Solo cup at a party, or a water bottle bought from a gas station, they are made to be used and thrown away minutes later.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Two artists are trying to raise awareness of the harmful impact of these plastic objects. Using post-consumer recycled plastic, they created two large inflatable sculptures, each about the size of a school bus. One is shaped like a simple plastic bottle. They other is a plastic cup with a lid and a green straw.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[soundcloud url=\"https://api.soundcloud.com/tracks/260435732\" params=\"color=ff5500&auto_play=false&hide_related=false&show_comments=true&show_user=true&show_reposts=false\" width=\"100%\" height=\"166\" iframe=\"true\" /]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>On a recent weekend, the artists -- \u003ca href=\"http://janacruderfineart.com/\">Jana Cruder\u003c/a> and \u003ca href=\"http://www.matthewlapenta.com/\">Matthew LaPenta\u003c/a> -- set up their sculptures in Pershing Square, a park surrounded by glittering skyscrapers in downtown Los Angeles. Passersby snapped selfies in front of the bulbous shapes and approached the artists to ask questions about their intention.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Cruder and LaPenta call this work “Natural Plasticity,” a phrase that both draws attention to just how unnatural plastic actually is, and is also a reference to “neural plasticity,” the brain's ability to reorganize itself by forming new neural connections. Their goal is to change how people think about plastic, and influence consumer behavior.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Created from the byproduct of oil and natural gas production, the neurotoxins and chemicals found in plastic have been linked to a host of public health concerns, including diabetes, obesity, various forms of cancer and reproductive problems.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_10937346\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 1920px\">\u003cimg class=\"size-full wp-image-10937346\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2016/04/RS19244_IMG_1425-qut.jpg\" alt=\"The goal of artists Matthew LaPenta and Jana Cruder is to change how people think about plastic, and influence consumer behavior.\" width=\"1920\" height=\"1440\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2016/04/RS19244_IMG_1425-qut.jpg 1920w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2016/04/RS19244_IMG_1425-qut-400x300.jpg 400w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2016/04/RS19244_IMG_1425-qut-800x600.jpg 800w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2016/04/RS19244_IMG_1425-qut-1180x885.jpg 1180w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2016/04/RS19244_IMG_1425-qut-960x720.jpg 960w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 1920px) 100vw, 1920px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">The goal of artists Matthew LaPenta and Jana Cruder is to change how people think about plastic, and influence consumer behavior. \u003ccite>(Avishay Artsy/KQED)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>The artists plan to bring their sculptures to other locations around Los Angeles. LaPenta said the goal is to head west along the L.A. River, mimicking the journey of plastic trash toward the ocean.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Because that's a huge problem, that everything's being flushed out to the ocean. And we're not really being responsible,” LaPenta said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The artists cite Claes Oldenburg, the sculptor who turns ink stamps, shuttlecocks and ice cream cones into public art, as a major influence on their work. They also credit Chinese dissident artist and activist Ai Weiwei as a political influence.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Cruder said her awareness of disposable plastic began after the couple watched a documentary called \u003ca href=\"https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=a7X-J1DhfjE\">\u003cem>Plastic Planet\u003c/em>\u003c/a>, a 14-country tour of plastic manufacturing and health dangers associated with products made of synthetic polymers. Later, during hikes through national parks, the couple would see plastic trash thrown everywhere.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But it was her personal health that really moved Cruder to act.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[contextly_sidebar id=\"eHFv77HSVvhO7klVm7GaalxH3nvIzLLG\"]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“My mother had breast cancer most of my life and when she passed away, I did a ton of research to make sure that I don't get breast cancer,” Cruder says. “And one of the things that I learned was about plastic and how it affects women specifically, our endocrine systems. And from that awareness, this choice in eradication of plastic out of my life happened.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Policy activists say the amount of plastic that ends up in our oceans has created a public health crisis. Visual artist Dianna Cohen runs Plastic Pollution Coalition, a global alliance of NGOs and businesses. She came out to the park to see the artwork herself.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Some people have heard of the \u003ca href=\"http://education.nationalgeographic.org/encyclopedia/great-pacific-garbage-patch/\">Great Pacific Garbage Patch\u003c/a>. Well, we’ve got multiple garbage patches in all five major oceans in the world,” Cohen said. “We’re not saying that they’re islands of plastic, we’re saying the entire ocean has become a plastic soup.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Cohen says public art like this can actually change people’s behavior. “To me, what this does is, it’s in your face,” Cohen said. “And the thing about it is, we become immune to seeing this stuff. If you drive home tonight, you’ll see it along the side of the road. You know, you’ll see it everywhere. And people don’t even pick it up anymore because there’s so much of it.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_10937347\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 1280px\">\u003cimg class=\"size-full wp-image-10937347\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2016/04/RS19249_Guina_Elvis_Image_1-qut.jpg\" alt=\"The artists built the sculptures out of post-consumer recycled plastic.\" width=\"1280\" height=\"721\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2016/04/RS19249_Guina_Elvis_Image_1-qut.jpg 1280w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2016/04/RS19249_Guina_Elvis_Image_1-qut-400x225.jpg 400w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2016/04/RS19249_Guina_Elvis_Image_1-qut-800x451.jpg 800w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2016/04/RS19249_Guina_Elvis_Image_1-qut-1180x665.jpg 1180w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2016/04/RS19249_Guina_Elvis_Image_1-qut-960x541.jpg 960w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 1280px) 100vw, 1280px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">The artists built the sculptures out of post-consumer recycled plastic. \u003ccite>(Guina Elvis)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>The artwork also resonated with Eric Gharakhanian, who happened upon it while walking through downtown. He thinks projects like “Natural Plasticity” may lead people to rethink their use of disposable plastic.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“I think it'll make people more conscious of it, because it seems all too common to just see like a bottle on the ground. And to sort of have that like in such a magnified and large form, I think it might make people consider that,” Gharakhanian said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Gharakhanian said he didn’t realize at first that the objects are meant to draw attention to how much of this plastic ends up in the oceans. That’s why the artists say they need to be present with the art, to help make that connection and suggest ways to reduce the use of disposable plastic.\u003c/p>\n\u003caside class=\"pullquote alignright\">'We’re not saying that they’re islands of plastic, we’re saying the entire ocean has become a plastic soup.'\u003c/aside>\n\u003cp>“I’m sorry guys, recycling doesn’t work, because we're producing way more than we can ever recycle, and we're exporting our recyclables,” Cruder said. “Other countries don't really know what to do with it. So, it’s refusing, it's getting to the point of saying no, I'm not going to use disposable plastic in my life and if we as consumers shift that, then I think those who make things that we buy will shift as well. So, it’s about shifting perspective.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The use of inflatable plastic sculptures comes with its own headaches. Strong winds require the use of sandbags to hold the bottle and cup in place. Visitors tend to poke and prod the sculptures, requiring the artists to politely ask them to back away. And on a sunny afternoon, the heat demands the artists re-inflate the works using a rather loud air pump.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The appearance of “Natural Plasticity” in Pershing Square was made possible through funding from \u003ca href=\"http://doartfoundation.org/\">Do Art Foundation\u003c/a>, RVCC, \u003ca href=\"http://www.sharkallies.com/\">Shark Allies\u003c/a> and support by the City of LA Department of Recreation and Parks. After the sculptures reach the Pacific Ocean, the artists want to keep it moving. Their next stops could include Yosemite, Sequoia & Kings Canyon and other national parks fighting the onslaught of plastic.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad floatright]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>You can see “Natural Plasticity” on display in Los Angeles at Griffith Park on Saturday, April 30, and Elysian Park on Sunday, May 1st.\u003c/p>\n\n",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>Discarded plastic cups and bottles are so prevalent, they’re almost invisible. Whether it’s an iced coffee cup from Starbucks or a red Solo cup at a party, or a water bottle bought from a gas station, they are made to be used and thrown away minutes later.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Two artists are trying to raise awareness of the harmful impact of these plastic objects. Using post-consumer recycled plastic, they created two large inflatable sculptures, each about the size of a school bus. One is shaped like a simple plastic bottle. They other is a plastic cup with a lid and a green straw.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003cdiv class='utils-parseShortcode-shortcodes-__shortcodes__shortcodeWrapper'>\n \u003ciframe width='100%' height='166'\n scrolling='no' frameborder='no'\n src='https://w.soundcloud.com/player/?url=https://api.soundcloud.com/tracks/260435732&visual=true&color=ff5500&auto_play=false&hide_related=false&show_comments=true&show_user=true&show_reposts=false'\n title='https://api.soundcloud.com/tracks/260435732'>\n \u003c/iframe>\n \u003c/div>\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>On a recent weekend, the artists -- \u003ca href=\"http://janacruderfineart.com/\">Jana Cruder\u003c/a> and \u003ca href=\"http://www.matthewlapenta.com/\">Matthew LaPenta\u003c/a> -- set up their sculptures in Pershing Square, a park surrounded by glittering skyscrapers in downtown Los Angeles. Passersby snapped selfies in front of the bulbous shapes and approached the artists to ask questions about their intention.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Cruder and LaPenta call this work “Natural Plasticity,” a phrase that both draws attention to just how unnatural plastic actually is, and is also a reference to “neural plasticity,” the brain's ability to reorganize itself by forming new neural connections. Their goal is to change how people think about plastic, and influence consumer behavior.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Created from the byproduct of oil and natural gas production, the neurotoxins and chemicals found in plastic have been linked to a host of public health concerns, including diabetes, obesity, various forms of cancer and reproductive problems.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_10937346\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 1920px\">\u003cimg class=\"size-full wp-image-10937346\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2016/04/RS19244_IMG_1425-qut.jpg\" alt=\"The goal of artists Matthew LaPenta and Jana Cruder is to change how people think about plastic, and influence consumer behavior.\" width=\"1920\" height=\"1440\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2016/04/RS19244_IMG_1425-qut.jpg 1920w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2016/04/RS19244_IMG_1425-qut-400x300.jpg 400w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2016/04/RS19244_IMG_1425-qut-800x600.jpg 800w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2016/04/RS19244_IMG_1425-qut-1180x885.jpg 1180w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2016/04/RS19244_IMG_1425-qut-960x720.jpg 960w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 1920px) 100vw, 1920px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">The goal of artists Matthew LaPenta and Jana Cruder is to change how people think about plastic, and influence consumer behavior. \u003ccite>(Avishay Artsy/KQED)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>The artists plan to bring their sculptures to other locations around Los Angeles. LaPenta said the goal is to head west along the L.A. River, mimicking the journey of plastic trash toward the ocean.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Because that's a huge problem, that everything's being flushed out to the ocean. And we're not really being responsible,” LaPenta said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The artists cite Claes Oldenburg, the sculptor who turns ink stamps, shuttlecocks and ice cream cones into public art, as a major influence on their work. They also credit Chinese dissident artist and activist Ai Weiwei as a political influence.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Cruder said her awareness of disposable plastic began after the couple watched a documentary called \u003ca href=\"https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=a7X-J1DhfjE\">\u003cem>Plastic Planet\u003c/em>\u003c/a>, a 14-country tour of plastic manufacturing and health dangers associated with products made of synthetic polymers. Later, during hikes through national parks, the couple would see plastic trash thrown everywhere.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But it was her personal health that really moved Cruder to act.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“My mother had breast cancer most of my life and when she passed away, I did a ton of research to make sure that I don't get breast cancer,” Cruder says. “And one of the things that I learned was about plastic and how it affects women specifically, our endocrine systems. And from that awareness, this choice in eradication of plastic out of my life happened.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Policy activists say the amount of plastic that ends up in our oceans has created a public health crisis. Visual artist Dianna Cohen runs Plastic Pollution Coalition, a global alliance of NGOs and businesses. She came out to the park to see the artwork herself.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Some people have heard of the \u003ca href=\"http://education.nationalgeographic.org/encyclopedia/great-pacific-garbage-patch/\">Great Pacific Garbage Patch\u003c/a>. Well, we’ve got multiple garbage patches in all five major oceans in the world,” Cohen said. “We’re not saying that they’re islands of plastic, we’re saying the entire ocean has become a plastic soup.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Cohen says public art like this can actually change people’s behavior. “To me, what this does is, it’s in your face,” Cohen said. “And the thing about it is, we become immune to seeing this stuff. If you drive home tonight, you’ll see it along the side of the road. You know, you’ll see it everywhere. And people don’t even pick it up anymore because there’s so much of it.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_10937347\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 1280px\">\u003cimg class=\"size-full wp-image-10937347\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2016/04/RS19249_Guina_Elvis_Image_1-qut.jpg\" alt=\"The artists built the sculptures out of post-consumer recycled plastic.\" width=\"1280\" height=\"721\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2016/04/RS19249_Guina_Elvis_Image_1-qut.jpg 1280w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2016/04/RS19249_Guina_Elvis_Image_1-qut-400x225.jpg 400w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2016/04/RS19249_Guina_Elvis_Image_1-qut-800x451.jpg 800w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2016/04/RS19249_Guina_Elvis_Image_1-qut-1180x665.jpg 1180w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2016/04/RS19249_Guina_Elvis_Image_1-qut-960x541.jpg 960w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 1280px) 100vw, 1280px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">The artists built the sculptures out of post-consumer recycled plastic. \u003ccite>(Guina Elvis)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>The artwork also resonated with Eric Gharakhanian, who happened upon it while walking through downtown. He thinks projects like “Natural Plasticity” may lead people to rethink their use of disposable plastic.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“I think it'll make people more conscious of it, because it seems all too common to just see like a bottle on the ground. And to sort of have that like in such a magnified and large form, I think it might make people consider that,” Gharakhanian said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Gharakhanian said he didn’t realize at first that the objects are meant to draw attention to how much of this plastic ends up in the oceans. That’s why the artists say they need to be present with the art, to help make that connection and suggest ways to reduce the use of disposable plastic.\u003c/p>\n\u003caside class=\"pullquote alignright\">'We’re not saying that they’re islands of plastic, we’re saying the entire ocean has become a plastic soup.'\u003c/aside>\n\u003cp>“I’m sorry guys, recycling doesn’t work, because we're producing way more than we can ever recycle, and we're exporting our recyclables,” Cruder said. “Other countries don't really know what to do with it. So, it’s refusing, it's getting to the point of saying no, I'm not going to use disposable plastic in my life and if we as consumers shift that, then I think those who make things that we buy will shift as well. So, it’s about shifting perspective.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The use of inflatable plastic sculptures comes with its own headaches. Strong winds require the use of sandbags to hold the bottle and cup in place. Visitors tend to poke and prod the sculptures, requiring the artists to politely ask them to back away. And on a sunny afternoon, the heat demands the artists re-inflate the works using a rather loud air pump.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The appearance of “Natural Plasticity” in Pershing Square was made possible through funding from \u003ca href=\"http://doartfoundation.org/\">Do Art Foundation\u003c/a>, RVCC, \u003ca href=\"http://www.sharkallies.com/\">Shark Allies\u003c/a> and support by the City of LA Department of Recreation and Parks. After the sculptures reach the Pacific Ocean, the artists want to keep it moving. Their next stops could include Yosemite, Sequoia & Kings Canyon and other national parks fighting the onslaught of plastic.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"title": "What Could $15 an Hour Mean for Rural, Inland California?",
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"content": "\u003cp>At Bee Sweet Citrus in the Central Valley town of Fowler, forklifts beep as workers load and pack oranges, lemons and mandarins that will be shipped all over the world.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Matt Watkins runs farm operations here, and says most of his employees make above minimum wage right now. But he thinks a jump to $15 an hour will mean farmers have to pass that cost onto consumers.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Really, all we’re doing is causing the cost of food to go up, which makes less money in your take-home check at the end of the month, just cuz you’ve got to pay more for food,” Watkins says. “So to me, it’s just a revolving circle.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The movement to raise the minimum wage has largely come from cities, where restaurant and service workers have been pushing for an increase. But the wage hike could have seismic effects on more rural, inland areas, where poverty and unemployment rates are higher than on the coast.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[soundcloud url=”https://api.soundcloud.com/tracks/256289072″ params=”color=ff5500&auto_play=false&hide_related=false&show_comments=true&show_user=true&show_reposts=false” width=”100%” height=”166″ iframe=”true” /]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Farmers in the Central Valley say they’ve already had to adjust to higher prices for water, and to the $10 minimum wage that took effect in January. In order to survive, says Watkins, farmers are just going to have to mechanize more of the work.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“You’ve got to go and have reliable costs out there every year,” he says. “It’s robots, it’s new technology in order to do some of the jobs that people used to do.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Socorro Torres, a farmworker lugging groceries and pushing her kids in a stroller along a sidewalk in Fresno, says she’d welcome a raise for the hours she spends stooped picking garlic, or standing on a ladder to pick cherries.\u003c/p>\n\u003caside class=\"pullquote alignright\">‘There’s big positives that come with this and big negatives … And both will be larger in the Central Valley.’\u003c/aside>\n\u003cp>“Of course it’s better to earn more,” she says in Spanish. “What we make now doesn’t allow us to pay our bills.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Torres says it costs her to work in the fields: She has to pay for a ride, and for someone to watch her kids. At $10 an hour right now, she’s barely making it.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“It’s going to be challenging for industry in the Central Valley to cope with it, but it’s also a place that deals with the negative aspects of poverty and low-paying jobs,” Jeff Michael says. He directs the \u003ca href=\"http://www.pacific.edu/Academics/Schools-and-Colleges/Eberhardt-School-of-Business/Centers-and-Institutes/Center-for-Business-and-Policy-Research.html\">Center for Business and Policy Research \u003c/a>at the University of the Pacific in Stockton.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Michael’s \u003ca href=\"http://www.pacific.edu/About-Pacific/Newsroom/2016/March-2016/Impacts-of-a-15-per-hour-minimum-wage-on-the-Northern-California-megaregion.html#.Vvr1Qfi1t4w.twitter\">analysis \u003c/a>shows the minimum wage hike could impact nearly 60 percent of the jobs in some Central Valley counties, where agriculture is king. It also shows that most of the workers who will benefit from a wage hike are Latino.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“There’s big positives that come with this and big negatives that come with this and both the positives will be larger and the negatives will be larger in the Central Valley,” Michael says.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The same is true in areas like the Inland Empire, just East of Los Angeles.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“We have a disproportionately large number of marginally educated, lower-income workers,” says economist John Husing, who consults for local governments and private business in urban Riverside and San Bernadino County. Otherwise known as the Inland Empire, it’s a traditionally lower-income region with a blue-collar job market, home to a number of companies that pay less than $30,000 a year to most workers.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Husing supports the wage hike proposal, but says it’s a good thing it would phase in over 6 years.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[contextly_sidebar id=”OzqnjgE64T9bt6sY5o6ddSf9TGAobmEY”]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Bringing it up at a moderate pace really works for the workforce. But it also will not cause the dislocations that will would normally occur if you moved it too fast,” Husing says.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>He’s talking about the dislocation of jobs: bosses cutting staff, shutting down operations, even leaving the state.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Husing believes the Inland Empire region is overdue for a hike in the minimum wage. But he also didn’t have much faith that it would happen locally, because local governments in the region are much more conservative on labor issues than neighboring Los Angeles, which \u003ca href=\"http://www.latimes.com/local/lanow/la-me-ln-minimum-wage-hike-20150518-story.html\">passed its own $15 minimum wage\u003c/a>, set to phase in by 2020.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But David Neumark, who teaches economics at UC Irvine, says the state should have taken a wait-and-see approach, examine the effects of local minimum wage hikes in cities like L.A. before imposing a one-size-fits-all approach.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“I actually think it’s kind of reckless to just go ahead and do that everywhere else before we learn something about the consequences in these cities,” Neumark says. “A more sober view would say, ‘OK some cities have done this, let’s get some serious research done, let’s learn more about what happens before we say that we know for sure that $15 in Fresno is not gonna do a lot of damage.'”\u003c/p>\n\n",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>At Bee Sweet Citrus in the Central Valley town of Fowler, forklifts beep as workers load and pack oranges, lemons and mandarins that will be shipped all over the world.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Matt Watkins runs farm operations here, and says most of his employees make above minimum wage right now. But he thinks a jump to $15 an hour will mean farmers have to pass that cost onto consumers.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Really, all we’re doing is causing the cost of food to go up, which makes less money in your take-home check at the end of the month, just cuz you’ve got to pay more for food,” Watkins says. “So to me, it’s just a revolving circle.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The movement to raise the minimum wage has largely come from cities, where restaurant and service workers have been pushing for an increase. But the wage hike could have seismic effects on more rural, inland areas, where poverty and unemployment rates are higher than on the coast.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003cdiv class='utils-parseShortcode-shortcodes-__shortcodes__shortcodeWrapper'>\n \u003ciframe width='”100%”' height='”166″'\n scrolling='no' frameborder='no'\n src='https://w.soundcloud.com/player/?url=”https://api.soundcloud.com/tracks/256289072″&visual=true&”color=ff5500&auto_play=false&hide_related=false&show_comments=true&show_user=true&show_reposts=false”'\n title='”https://api.soundcloud.com/tracks/256289072″'>\n \u003c/iframe>\n \u003c/div>\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Farmers in the Central Valley say they’ve already had to adjust to higher prices for water, and to the $10 minimum wage that took effect in January. In order to survive, says Watkins, farmers are just going to have to mechanize more of the work.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“You’ve got to go and have reliable costs out there every year,” he says. “It’s robots, it’s new technology in order to do some of the jobs that people used to do.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Socorro Torres, a farmworker lugging groceries and pushing her kids in a stroller along a sidewalk in Fresno, says she’d welcome a raise for the hours she spends stooped picking garlic, or standing on a ladder to pick cherries.\u003c/p>\n\u003caside class=\"pullquote alignright\">‘There’s big positives that come with this and big negatives … And both will be larger in the Central Valley.’\u003c/aside>\n\u003cp>“Of course it’s better to earn more,” she says in Spanish. “What we make now doesn’t allow us to pay our bills.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Torres says it costs her to work in the fields: She has to pay for a ride, and for someone to watch her kids. At $10 an hour right now, she’s barely making it.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“It’s going to be challenging for industry in the Central Valley to cope with it, but it’s also a place that deals with the negative aspects of poverty and low-paying jobs,” Jeff Michael says. He directs the \u003ca href=\"http://www.pacific.edu/Academics/Schools-and-Colleges/Eberhardt-School-of-Business/Centers-and-Institutes/Center-for-Business-and-Policy-Research.html\">Center for Business and Policy Research \u003c/a>at the University of the Pacific in Stockton.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Michael’s \u003ca href=\"http://www.pacific.edu/About-Pacific/Newsroom/2016/March-2016/Impacts-of-a-15-per-hour-minimum-wage-on-the-Northern-California-megaregion.html#.Vvr1Qfi1t4w.twitter\">analysis \u003c/a>shows the minimum wage hike could impact nearly 60 percent of the jobs in some Central Valley counties, where agriculture is king. It also shows that most of the workers who will benefit from a wage hike are Latino.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“There’s big positives that come with this and big negatives that come with this and both the positives will be larger and the negatives will be larger in the Central Valley,” Michael says.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The same is true in areas like the Inland Empire, just East of Los Angeles.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“We have a disproportionately large number of marginally educated, lower-income workers,” says economist John Husing, who consults for local governments and private business in urban Riverside and San Bernadino County. Otherwise known as the Inland Empire, it’s a traditionally lower-income region with a blue-collar job market, home to a number of companies that pay less than $30,000 a year to most workers.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Husing supports the wage hike proposal, but says it’s a good thing it would phase in over 6 years.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Bringing it up at a moderate pace really works for the workforce. But it also will not cause the dislocations that will would normally occur if you moved it too fast,” Husing says.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>He’s talking about the dislocation of jobs: bosses cutting staff, shutting down operations, even leaving the state.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Husing believes the Inland Empire region is overdue for a hike in the minimum wage. But he also didn’t have much faith that it would happen locally, because local governments in the region are much more conservative on labor issues than neighboring Los Angeles, which \u003ca href=\"http://www.latimes.com/local/lanow/la-me-ln-minimum-wage-hike-20150518-story.html\">passed its own $15 minimum wage\u003c/a>, set to phase in by 2020.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But David Neumark, who teaches economics at UC Irvine, says the state should have taken a wait-and-see approach, examine the effects of local minimum wage hikes in cities like L.A. before imposing a one-size-fits-all approach.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“I actually think it’s kind of reckless to just go ahead and do that everywhere else before we learn something about the consequences in these cities,” Neumark says. “A more sober view would say, ‘OK some cities have done this, let’s get some serious research done, let’s learn more about what happens before we say that we know for sure that $15 in Fresno is not gonna do a lot of damage.'”\u003c/p>\n\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>",
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"content": "\u003cp>Few of the women in the photographs are smiling.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Some manage to crack a Mona Lisa turn of the lips. Those are the ones who are awake.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Then there are the others; chilling visages of one woman after another. Some appear as if they are sleeping. Others like they may have been knocked out, or worse.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Like they’re sleeping or dead,” says Christine Pelisek, a crime reporter with \u003ca href=\"http://www.people.com/people/package/article/0,,20981907_20989444,00.html\">People Magazine\u003c/a>. “Some look like they were in cars resting back with their eyes closed. The police found around 180 photos and videotapes.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[soundcloud url=”https://api.soundcloud.com/tracks/255092416″ params=”color=ff5500&auto_play=false&hide_related=false&show_comments=true&show_user=true&show_reposts=false” width=”100%” height=”166″ iframe=”true” /]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The images, mostly Polaroids, were seized in 2010 from the South Los Angeles home of Lonnie Franklin Jr., who is charged with killing nine women and a 15-year-old girl, although authorities believe they have evidence that could link him to several other killings. \u003ca href=\"http://www.latimes.com/topic/crime-law-justice/crime/lonnie-franklin-jr.-PEOCVC0000098-topic.html\">He is now on trial in downtown Los Angeles\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Franklin is accused of being the so-called Grim Sleeper killer, a macabre nickname coined by Pelisek during her 10-year quest to uncover the identity of a murderer behind a string of brutal sexual assaults and killings stretching back some 30 years.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>It’s a story Pelisek stumbled into while reporting for the \u003ca href=\"http://www.laweekly.com/news/grim-sleeper-returns-hes-murdering-angelenos-as-cops-hunt-his-dna-2155416\">LA Weekly\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_10909058\" class=\"wp-caption alignright\" style=\"max-width: 800px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-medium wp-image-10909058\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2016/03/Grim-Sleepr-ChristineP-BW-800x584.jpeg\" alt=\"Reporter Christine Pelisek\" width=\"800\" height=\"584\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2016/03/Grim-Sleepr-ChristineP-BW-800x584.jpeg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2016/03/Grim-Sleepr-ChristineP-BW-400x292.jpeg 400w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2016/03/Grim-Sleepr-ChristineP-BW.jpeg 1920w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2016/03/Grim-Sleepr-ChristineP-BW-1180x862.jpeg 1180w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2016/03/Grim-Sleepr-ChristineP-BW-960x701.jpeg 960w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Reporter Christine Pelisek \u003ccite>(Christine Pelisek/People Magazine)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>“The coroner’s office had a list of 38 women found murdered around L.A. County. So I started looking at the cases, and two related to the cases in the ’80s. I wrote a story for the LA Weekly about it, and then the killer struck again in 2007,” explains Pelisek. “That’s when the\u003ca href=\"http://www.lapdonline.org/grimsleeper\"> LAPD \u003c/a>started a task force.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>And so began a years-long odyssey haunting the streets of South L.A., tracking down victims’ relatives, neighbors, retired police detectives and at least one woman who was allegedly attacked by Lonnie Franklin Jr. in 1988 but somehow managed to escape.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Enietra Washington allegedly encountered Franklin outside a liquor store one day. He offered her a ride. She declined at first. But he had a pretty sweet car, an orange Pinto with racing stripes.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“She said he wasn’t threatening in any way. She actually described him as a nerd, very neat and very polite,” says Pelisek.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_10909053\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 800px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2016/03/Grim-Sleeper-LAPD-Vktms76568_281243498654424_872144522_n-800x600.jpg\" alt=\"Detail of LAPD poster asking to help identify possible victims of the Grim Sleeper killer.\" width=\"800\" height=\"600\" class=\"size-medium wp-image-10909053\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2016/03/Grim-Sleeper-LAPD-Vktms76568_281243498654424_872144522_n-800x600.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2016/03/Grim-Sleeper-LAPD-Vktms76568_281243498654424_872144522_n-400x300.jpg 400w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2016/03/Grim-Sleeper-LAPD-Vktms76568_281243498654424_872144522_n.jpg 1920w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2016/03/Grim-Sleeper-LAPD-Vktms76568_281243498654424_872144522_n-1180x885.jpg 1180w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2016/03/Grim-Sleeper-LAPD-Vktms76568_281243498654424_872144522_n-960x720.jpg 960w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Detail of LAPD poster asking to help identify possible victims of the Grim Sleeper killer. \u003ccite>(Los Angeles Police Department)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>So, she climbed in beside the man and they drove off. He promised to drop her of at her friend’s place.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“And then he ended up veering off, going in a different direction,” says Pelisek.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The man said he had to make a stop. He pulled up to a house, spoke to a guy who came to the door and then got back in the car beside Washington.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“And when he got back in the car, that’s when his personality changed,” says Pelisek. “He pulled a gun from the side pocket and he shot her in the chest. And she kind of kept drifting in and out, like she was blacking out.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>When Washington came to, Franklin was allegedly sexually assaulting her.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_10909062\" class=\"wp-caption alignright\" style=\"max-width: 800px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-medium wp-image-10909062\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2016/03/Grim-Sleeper-mugshot-BLUE-feature1-2_3-13-14-800x1014.jpg\" alt=\"Undated LAPD mugshot of Lonnie Franklin Jr. \" width=\"800\" height=\"1014\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2016/03/Grim-Sleeper-mugshot-BLUE-feature1-2_3-13-14-800x1014.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2016/03/Grim-Sleeper-mugshot-BLUE-feature1-2_3-13-14-400x507.jpg 400w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2016/03/Grim-Sleeper-mugshot-BLUE-feature1-2_3-13-14.jpg 1920w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2016/03/Grim-Sleeper-mugshot-BLUE-feature1-2_3-13-14-1180x1496.jpg 1180w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2016/03/Grim-Sleeper-mugshot-BLUE-feature1-2_3-13-14-960x1217.jpg 960w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Undated LAPD mugshot of Lonnie Franklin Jr. \u003ccite>(Los Angeles Police Department)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>“She passed out again and then woke up to the flash of a Polaroid (camera),” Pelisek says.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Washington was dumped from the car and left for dead. But she managed to crawl and stumble her way to a friend’s place and eventually to a hospital.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Last month, \u003ca href=\"http://www.latimes.com/local/lanow/la-me-ln-grim-sleeper-survivor-testifies-20160225-story.html\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Washington testified against Franklin at his trial\u003c/a>. She pointed him out when asked to identify the man who attacked her nearly 30 years ago.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>A Camouflage of Violence\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>When the Grim Sleeper killings began, South L.A. was a rougher, deadlier place. The crack cocaine epidemic was raging. Ruthless gang warfare bloodied the streets. Murders stacked up by the dozens.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But these murders, of young African-American women and at least one teenager, were different.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“The women are all young and all had drug addictions. And that was the terrible part of it,” says Pelisek. “In many ways they were perfect victims for a serial killer, the most vulnerable of victims”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Just as fast as the murders began, they appeared to stop in the late 1980s, around the time the Grim Sleeper can last be linked to a murder — until 2007, when the killings seemed to resume.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_10909065\" class=\"wp-caption alignright\" style=\"max-width: 800px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-medium wp-image-10909065\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2016/03/Grim-Sleeper-reward-s002457832-800x675.jpg\" alt=\"Detail of LAPD wanted poster\" width=\"800\" height=\"675\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2016/03/Grim-Sleeper-reward-s002457832-800x675.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2016/03/Grim-Sleeper-reward-s002457832-400x337.jpg 400w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2016/03/Grim-Sleeper-reward-s002457832.jpg 1920w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2016/03/Grim-Sleeper-reward-s002457832-1180x995.jpg 1180w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2016/03/Grim-Sleeper-reward-s002457832-960x810.jpg 960w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Detail of LAPD wanted poster \u003ccite>(Los Angeles Police Dept)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Pelisek coined a nickname for the serial killer who had apparently been hibernating for years; the Grim Sleeper.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Authorities arrested Franklin in 2010 after obtaining a DNA sample from him and matching it with DNA from the victims. And that’s not all.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Well, one is the ballistics,” says Pelisek.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Investigators also found a gun in Franklin’s home allegedly used to kill victim Janecia Peters in 2007.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Then I guess the biggest thing is the fact that he’s linked to all the victims through DNA evidence,” says Pelisek.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The DNA evidence is also what Franklin’s public defender is picking apart as the defense begins its presentation to the jury.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Well, some of the girls had other male (DNA) on them when they were found,” says Pelisek. “As well as Lonnie Franklin Jr.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>A handful of neighbors and other people who know Franklin have come to his defense since his arrest. But the number of supporters appears to have dissolved, though Pelisek says some have shown up in the courtroom to express support for a man they knew as a low-key friendly guy with a knack for fixing cars.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_10909247\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 800px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2016/03/GrimSleeperPhotos-800x501.jpg\" alt=\"Reverend Dr. Kelvin Calloway (L) leaves a message on photographs set up as a memorial for 10 of the victims of the serial killer dubbed the Grim Sleeper.\" width=\"800\" height=\"501\" class=\"size-medium wp-image-10909247\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2016/03/GrimSleeperPhotos-800x501.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2016/03/GrimSleeperPhotos-400x250.jpg 400w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2016/03/GrimSleeperPhotos.jpg 1920w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2016/03/GrimSleeperPhotos-1180x739.jpg 1180w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2016/03/GrimSleeperPhotos-960x601.jpg 960w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Reverend Dr. Kelvin Calloway (L) leaves a message on photographs set up as a memorial for 10 of the victims of the serial killer dubbed the Grim Sleeper. \u003ccite>(MARK RALSTON/AFP/Getty Images)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>“From the outside he looks like this just regular everyday friendly guy,” says Pelisek, who has yet to have the opportunity to interview Franklin.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“(But) if you ask any of the victims or you ask Enietra Washington, he’s a killer.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Then there’s the other piece of evidence found at Franklin’s home: a mountain of photos, including Polaroids of Janecia Peters, who was killed in 2007, and of survivor Enietra Washington.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad floatright]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>More than 30 of the women in the photos have yet to be accounted for. Authorities do not know who they are, or if they are dead or alive.\u003c/p>\n\n",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>Few of the women in the photographs are smiling.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Some manage to crack a Mona Lisa turn of the lips. Those are the ones who are awake.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Then there are the others; chilling visages of one woman after another. Some appear as if they are sleeping. Others like they may have been knocked out, or worse.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Like they’re sleeping or dead,” says Christine Pelisek, a crime reporter with \u003ca href=\"http://www.people.com/people/package/article/0,,20981907_20989444,00.html\">People Magazine\u003c/a>. “Some look like they were in cars resting back with their eyes closed. The police found around 180 photos and videotapes.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003cdiv class='utils-parseShortcode-shortcodes-__shortcodes__shortcodeWrapper'>\n \u003ciframe width='”100%”' height='”166″'\n scrolling='no' frameborder='no'\n src='https://w.soundcloud.com/player/?url=”https://api.soundcloud.com/tracks/255092416″&visual=true&”color=ff5500&auto_play=false&hide_related=false&show_comments=true&show_user=true&show_reposts=false”'\n title='”https://api.soundcloud.com/tracks/255092416″'>\n \u003c/iframe>\n \u003c/div>\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The images, mostly Polaroids, were seized in 2010 from the South Los Angeles home of Lonnie Franklin Jr., who is charged with killing nine women and a 15-year-old girl, although authorities believe they have evidence that could link him to several other killings. \u003ca href=\"http://www.latimes.com/topic/crime-law-justice/crime/lonnie-franklin-jr.-PEOCVC0000098-topic.html\">He is now on trial in downtown Los Angeles\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Franklin is accused of being the so-called Grim Sleeper killer, a macabre nickname coined by Pelisek during her 10-year quest to uncover the identity of a murderer behind a string of brutal sexual assaults and killings stretching back some 30 years.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>It’s a story Pelisek stumbled into while reporting for the \u003ca href=\"http://www.laweekly.com/news/grim-sleeper-returns-hes-murdering-angelenos-as-cops-hunt-his-dna-2155416\">LA Weekly\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_10909058\" class=\"wp-caption alignright\" style=\"max-width: 800px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-medium wp-image-10909058\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2016/03/Grim-Sleepr-ChristineP-BW-800x584.jpeg\" alt=\"Reporter Christine Pelisek\" width=\"800\" height=\"584\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2016/03/Grim-Sleepr-ChristineP-BW-800x584.jpeg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2016/03/Grim-Sleepr-ChristineP-BW-400x292.jpeg 400w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2016/03/Grim-Sleepr-ChristineP-BW.jpeg 1920w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2016/03/Grim-Sleepr-ChristineP-BW-1180x862.jpeg 1180w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2016/03/Grim-Sleepr-ChristineP-BW-960x701.jpeg 960w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Reporter Christine Pelisek \u003ccite>(Christine Pelisek/People Magazine)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>“The coroner’s office had a list of 38 women found murdered around L.A. County. So I started looking at the cases, and two related to the cases in the ’80s. I wrote a story for the LA Weekly about it, and then the killer struck again in 2007,” explains Pelisek. “That’s when the\u003ca href=\"http://www.lapdonline.org/grimsleeper\"> LAPD \u003c/a>started a task force.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>And so began a years-long odyssey haunting the streets of South L.A., tracking down victims’ relatives, neighbors, retired police detectives and at least one woman who was allegedly attacked by Lonnie Franklin Jr. in 1988 but somehow managed to escape.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Enietra Washington allegedly encountered Franklin outside a liquor store one day. He offered her a ride. She declined at first. But he had a pretty sweet car, an orange Pinto with racing stripes.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“She said he wasn’t threatening in any way. She actually described him as a nerd, very neat and very polite,” says Pelisek.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_10909053\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 800px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2016/03/Grim-Sleeper-LAPD-Vktms76568_281243498654424_872144522_n-800x600.jpg\" alt=\"Detail of LAPD poster asking to help identify possible victims of the Grim Sleeper killer.\" width=\"800\" height=\"600\" class=\"size-medium wp-image-10909053\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2016/03/Grim-Sleeper-LAPD-Vktms76568_281243498654424_872144522_n-800x600.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2016/03/Grim-Sleeper-LAPD-Vktms76568_281243498654424_872144522_n-400x300.jpg 400w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2016/03/Grim-Sleeper-LAPD-Vktms76568_281243498654424_872144522_n.jpg 1920w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2016/03/Grim-Sleeper-LAPD-Vktms76568_281243498654424_872144522_n-1180x885.jpg 1180w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2016/03/Grim-Sleeper-LAPD-Vktms76568_281243498654424_872144522_n-960x720.jpg 960w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Detail of LAPD poster asking to help identify possible victims of the Grim Sleeper killer. \u003ccite>(Los Angeles Police Department)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>So, she climbed in beside the man and they drove off. He promised to drop her of at her friend’s place.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“And then he ended up veering off, going in a different direction,” says Pelisek.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The man said he had to make a stop. He pulled up to a house, spoke to a guy who came to the door and then got back in the car beside Washington.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“And when he got back in the car, that’s when his personality changed,” says Pelisek. “He pulled a gun from the side pocket and he shot her in the chest. And she kind of kept drifting in and out, like she was blacking out.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>When Washington came to, Franklin was allegedly sexually assaulting her.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_10909062\" class=\"wp-caption alignright\" style=\"max-width: 800px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-medium wp-image-10909062\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2016/03/Grim-Sleeper-mugshot-BLUE-feature1-2_3-13-14-800x1014.jpg\" alt=\"Undated LAPD mugshot of Lonnie Franklin Jr. \" width=\"800\" height=\"1014\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2016/03/Grim-Sleeper-mugshot-BLUE-feature1-2_3-13-14-800x1014.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2016/03/Grim-Sleeper-mugshot-BLUE-feature1-2_3-13-14-400x507.jpg 400w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2016/03/Grim-Sleeper-mugshot-BLUE-feature1-2_3-13-14.jpg 1920w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2016/03/Grim-Sleeper-mugshot-BLUE-feature1-2_3-13-14-1180x1496.jpg 1180w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2016/03/Grim-Sleeper-mugshot-BLUE-feature1-2_3-13-14-960x1217.jpg 960w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Undated LAPD mugshot of Lonnie Franklin Jr. \u003ccite>(Los Angeles Police Department)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>“She passed out again and then woke up to the flash of a Polaroid (camera),” Pelisek says.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Washington was dumped from the car and left for dead. But she managed to crawl and stumble her way to a friend’s place and eventually to a hospital.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Last month, \u003ca href=\"http://www.latimes.com/local/lanow/la-me-ln-grim-sleeper-survivor-testifies-20160225-story.html\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Washington testified against Franklin at his trial\u003c/a>. She pointed him out when asked to identify the man who attacked her nearly 30 years ago.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>A Camouflage of Violence\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>When the Grim Sleeper killings began, South L.A. was a rougher, deadlier place. The crack cocaine epidemic was raging. Ruthless gang warfare bloodied the streets. Murders stacked up by the dozens.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But these murders, of young African-American women and at least one teenager, were different.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“The women are all young and all had drug addictions. And that was the terrible part of it,” says Pelisek. “In many ways they were perfect victims for a serial killer, the most vulnerable of victims”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Just as fast as the murders began, they appeared to stop in the late 1980s, around the time the Grim Sleeper can last be linked to a murder — until 2007, when the killings seemed to resume.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_10909065\" class=\"wp-caption alignright\" style=\"max-width: 800px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-medium wp-image-10909065\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2016/03/Grim-Sleeper-reward-s002457832-800x675.jpg\" alt=\"Detail of LAPD wanted poster\" width=\"800\" height=\"675\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2016/03/Grim-Sleeper-reward-s002457832-800x675.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2016/03/Grim-Sleeper-reward-s002457832-400x337.jpg 400w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2016/03/Grim-Sleeper-reward-s002457832.jpg 1920w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2016/03/Grim-Sleeper-reward-s002457832-1180x995.jpg 1180w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2016/03/Grim-Sleeper-reward-s002457832-960x810.jpg 960w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Detail of LAPD wanted poster \u003ccite>(Los Angeles Police Dept)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Pelisek coined a nickname for the serial killer who had apparently been hibernating for years; the Grim Sleeper.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Authorities arrested Franklin in 2010 after obtaining a DNA sample from him and matching it with DNA from the victims. And that’s not all.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Well, one is the ballistics,” says Pelisek.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Investigators also found a gun in Franklin’s home allegedly used to kill victim Janecia Peters in 2007.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Then I guess the biggest thing is the fact that he’s linked to all the victims through DNA evidence,” says Pelisek.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The DNA evidence is also what Franklin’s public defender is picking apart as the defense begins its presentation to the jury.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Well, some of the girls had other male (DNA) on them when they were found,” says Pelisek. “As well as Lonnie Franklin Jr.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>A handful of neighbors and other people who know Franklin have come to his defense since his arrest. But the number of supporters appears to have dissolved, though Pelisek says some have shown up in the courtroom to express support for a man they knew as a low-key friendly guy with a knack for fixing cars.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_10909247\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 800px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2016/03/GrimSleeperPhotos-800x501.jpg\" alt=\"Reverend Dr. Kelvin Calloway (L) leaves a message on photographs set up as a memorial for 10 of the victims of the serial killer dubbed the Grim Sleeper.\" width=\"800\" height=\"501\" class=\"size-medium wp-image-10909247\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2016/03/GrimSleeperPhotos-800x501.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2016/03/GrimSleeperPhotos-400x250.jpg 400w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2016/03/GrimSleeperPhotos.jpg 1920w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2016/03/GrimSleeperPhotos-1180x739.jpg 1180w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2016/03/GrimSleeperPhotos-960x601.jpg 960w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Reverend Dr. Kelvin Calloway (L) leaves a message on photographs set up as a memorial for 10 of the victims of the serial killer dubbed the Grim Sleeper. \u003ccite>(MARK RALSTON/AFP/Getty Images)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>“From the outside he looks like this just regular everyday friendly guy,” says Pelisek, who has yet to have the opportunity to interview Franklin.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“(But) if you ask any of the victims or you ask Enietra Washington, he’s a killer.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Then there’s the other piece of evidence found at Franklin’s home: a mountain of photos, including Polaroids of Janecia Peters, who was killed in 2007, and of survivor Enietra Washington.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>More than 30 of the women in the photos have yet to be accounted for. Authorities do not know who they are, or if they are dead or alive.\u003c/p>\n\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>",
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"disqusTitle": "New Book Explores Woody Guthrie's Formative L.A. Years",
"title": "New Book Explores Woody Guthrie's Formative L.A. Years",
"headTitle": "The California Report | KQED News",
"content": "\u003cp>The great American songwriter Woody Guthrie is usually associated with his home state of Oklahoma and the folk scene of New York City’s Greenwich Village. But it was his time in L.A. that helped define his politics. Those years are the subject of a new book, “\u003ca href=\"http://www.angelcitypress.com/products/guth\">Woody Guthrie L.A., 1937 to 1941\u003c/a>,” co-edited by historians Darryl Holter and William Deverell.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[soundcloud url=\"https://api.soundcloud.com/tracks/252910261\" params=\"color=ff5500&auto_play=false&hide_related=false&show_comments=true&show_user=true&show_reposts=false\" width=\"100%\" height=\"166\" iframe=\"true\" /]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Guthrie came from a middle-class family in Okemah, Oklahoma. His mother had Huntington's disease, which he eventually succumbed to as well, and she was committed to a state hospital. \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Guthrie was pretty much on his own after the age of 16. He learned to play guitar in high school and performed old-time music with friends in a group called “The Corncob Trio.” He learned hundreds of hillbilly and folk songs, and began writing his own compositions about the dust storms that were driving families from their land in the Great Plains.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>After hopping freight trains and doing itinerant work in Pampa, Texas, the young musician landed in Los Angeles, along with tens of thousands of other Dust Bowl refugees. But he learned that living in L.A. isn’t cheap, as he explored in his song \u003cem>\u003ca href=\"https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=-qCpFn1iIqk\">\"Do Re Mi.\"\u003c/a>\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>California is a garden of Eden, a paradise to live in or see;\u003cbr>\nBut believe it or not, you won't find it so hot\u003cbr>\nIf you ain't got the do re mi.\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_10900488\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 1920px\">\u003cimg class=\"wp-image-10900488 size-full\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2016/03/RS18827_43051-SlowTrainThroughCA_WGdrawing-qut.jpg\" alt=\"Woody Guthrie wrote, illustrated, and bound a pamphlet that included his eyewitness observations of Depression-era California.\" width=\"1920\" height=\"1504\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2016/03/RS18827_43051-SlowTrainThroughCA_WGdrawing-qut.jpg 1920w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2016/03/RS18827_43051-SlowTrainThroughCA_WGdrawing-qut-400x313.jpg 400w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2016/03/RS18827_43051-SlowTrainThroughCA_WGdrawing-qut-800x627.jpg 800w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2016/03/RS18827_43051-SlowTrainThroughCA_WGdrawing-qut-1180x924.jpg 1180w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2016/03/RS18827_43051-SlowTrainThroughCA_WGdrawing-qut-960x752.jpg 960w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 1920px) 100vw, 1920px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Woody Guthrie wrote, illustrated and bound a pamphlet that included his eyewitness observations of Depression-era California. \u003ccite>(Woody Guthrie Archive/Woody Guthrie Center)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>“Woody was someone who read a lot of things and he was always interested in things, but his politics were relatively unformed when he came,” says Holter. “He came from places that were basically steeped in segregation. So it was a very different atmosphere, and he came to L.A. and a lot of his political views really changed. I describe him as a kind of a Dust Bowl populist.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Guthrie never had a permanent address in Los Angeles. He crashed with friends in Echo Park and Glendale, and stayed in flophouses on Skid Row, where he also busked in cafes and bars and on streetcorners for spare change.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In the summer of 1937, Woody and his cousin, Leon “Oke” Guthrie, were hired to host the “Oklahoma and Woody Show” on L.A. radio station KFVD. A couple months later, Guthrie launched “The Woody and Lefty Lou Show” with Maxine Crissman, the daughter of a friend. He called her “Lefty Lou” because she was left-handed and because Lou rhymed with \"Missou,\" her home state of Missouri. They received nearly 500 fan letters within the show’s first month, and it became the highest-rated show on the station.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_10900481\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 1920px\">\u003cimg class=\"wp-image-10900481 size-full\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2016/03/RS18825_47011-WoodyLeftyLou-qut-1.jpg\" alt=\"Maxine “Lefty Lou” Crissman and Woody Guthrie promote their Woody and Lefty Lou radio show on Los Angeles’s KFVD, ca. 1937.\" width=\"1920\" height=\"1299\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2016/03/RS18825_47011-WoodyLeftyLou-qut-1.jpg 1920w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2016/03/RS18825_47011-WoodyLeftyLou-qut-1-400x271.jpg 400w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2016/03/RS18825_47011-WoodyLeftyLou-qut-1-800x541.jpg 800w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2016/03/RS18825_47011-WoodyLeftyLou-qut-1-1180x798.jpg 1180w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2016/03/RS18825_47011-WoodyLeftyLou-qut-1-960x650.jpg 960w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 1920px) 100vw, 1920px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Maxine 'Lefty Lou' Crissman and Woody Guthrie promote their radio show on Los Angeles’s KFVD, ca. 1937.\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>“The show became very popular, particularly among the Dust Bowl population that lived in L.A.,” Holter says. “Even if you were poor you could listen to the radio. And a lot of letters came in, and Guthrie became sort of a minor radio celebrity.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In 1939, Woody met Ed Robbin, a fellow radio host at KFVD, who got him a gig singing at a Communist Party rally at the Embassy Auditorium in downtown L.A. Guthrie became a fixture among L.A.’s radical left and performed at many political and union events around Los Angeles. He also wrote a column for the Communist newspaper People’s Daily World. He called it “Woody Sez,” and wrote in a hillbilly style to seem more authentic.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Woody Guthrie is a very shrewd political actor,” Deverell says. “On the one hand, we might assume -- and that could be right -- that he's surprised by his rising success and fame. On the other hand, it may be in part cultivated by his own sense of a persona. So he's very clever about identifying as just folks.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Guthrie visited Dust Bowlers in their encampments, which were nicknamed \"Hoovervilles.\" For these migrants, the big city held plenty of danger.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“When they came to L.A., I mean this is a whole new experience. Not only was it big, noisy, full of cars, full of people, but also you could buy liquor all over, it wasn't dry. There were all kinds of temptations. You could buy your cars on credit. You could buy furniture on credit and lose it as well,” Holter says, citing Guthrie's song \u003cem>“\u003c/em>\u003ca href=\"https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=xqg6k1hVCFw\">\u003cem>Them Big City Ways.\u003c/em>\u003c/a>\u003cem>”\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>Brother John moved into town, rented him a flat and he settled down\u003cbr>\nLord lord, he’s getting them big city ways.\u003cbr>\nBrought his wife and kids along, but fifteen dollars didn’t last long\u003cbr>\nLord lord, he’s getting them big city ways.\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Guthrie also traveled around the Golden State. He performed political skits with actor Will Geer to support strikers in the cotton fields of Kern County and got arrested at the state capital in Sacramento. He performed for migrant farmworkers in the San Joaquin Valley. He met the writers John Steinbeck and Theodore Dreiser. Guthrie’s songs addressed issues of inequality that were amplified by the Depression, and are still relevant today.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_10900485\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 1920px\">\u003cimg class=\"size-full wp-image-10900485\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2016/03/RS18826_43021-WoodyGuthrie_Singing_Shafter_FLCamp-qut.jpg\" alt=\"Woody Guthrie singing at Shafter Labor Camp, 1941.\" width=\"1920\" height=\"1919\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2016/03/RS18826_43021-WoodyGuthrie_Singing_Shafter_FLCamp-qut.jpg 1920w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2016/03/RS18826_43021-WoodyGuthrie_Singing_Shafter_FLCamp-qut-400x400.jpg 400w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2016/03/RS18826_43021-WoodyGuthrie_Singing_Shafter_FLCamp-qut-800x800.jpg 800w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2016/03/RS18826_43021-WoodyGuthrie_Singing_Shafter_FLCamp-qut-1180x1179.jpg 1180w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2016/03/RS18826_43021-WoodyGuthrie_Singing_Shafter_FLCamp-qut-960x960.jpg 960w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2016/03/RS18826_43021-WoodyGuthrie_Singing_Shafter_FLCamp-qut-32x32.jpg 32w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2016/03/RS18826_43021-WoodyGuthrie_Singing_Shafter_FLCamp-qut-64x64.jpg 64w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2016/03/RS18826_43021-WoodyGuthrie_Singing_Shafter_FLCamp-qut-96x96.jpg 96w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2016/03/RS18826_43021-WoodyGuthrie_Singing_Shafter_FLCamp-qut-128x128.jpg 128w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2016/03/RS18826_43021-WoodyGuthrie_Singing_Shafter_FLCamp-qut-75x75.jpg 75w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 1920px) 100vw, 1920px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Woody Guthrie singing at Shafter Labor Camp, 1941. \u003ccite>(Seema Weatherwax)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>“Things like police-community relations. Things like unemployment. Things like poverty. Things like homelessness. Things like really heavy rainfalls and people getting swept away by the L.A. River,” Holter says. “Things about love, things about sex, the same kinds of things we talk about today. And it's a kind of timelessness to the themes of his songs.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Song's like \u003cem> “\u003c/em>\u003ca href=\"https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=vXRT-5rL8z8\">\u003cem>Los Angeles New Year's Flood:\u003c/em>\u003c/a>\u003cem>” \u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>Kind friend, do you remember?\u003cbr>\nOn that fatal New Year's night\u003cbr>\nThe lights of old Los Angeles\u003cbr>\nWas a flick'ring, Oh, so bright.\u003cbr>\nA cloud burst hit the mountains\u003cbr>\nIt swept away our homes;\u003cbr>\nAnd a hundred souls was taken\u003cbr>\nIn that fatal New Year's flood.\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“The L.A. River, in the early years of the Depression, it takes a heavy, heavy rainfall and it floods its banks. And many of those Okie and Arkie out-migrants from the Dust Bowl were living in encampments alongside the river. And they get washed away. Or at least their possessions get washed away,” Deverell says.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Woody Guthrie and his family left Los Angeles in 1939 and moved to New York, where he wrote “This Land Is Your Land” as a response to Kate Smith’s then-current hit “God Bless America.” The authors of the new book say Guthrie’s experiences in Los Angeles inspired what would become America’s “other” national anthem.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Guthrie eventually wrote some 3,000 songs, although we have the score for only about half of them. He’d revisit some songs and modify the lyrics, reflecting his own changing political ideas. For example, one stanza of “\u003ca href=\"https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=wxiMrvDbq3s\">\u003cem>This Land Is Your Land\u003c/em>\u003c/a>” often gets left out:\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>As I went walking I saw a sign there\u003cbr>\nAnd on the sign it said \"No Trespassing.\"\u003cbr>\nBut on the other side it didn't say nothing,\u003cbr>\nThat side was made for you and me.\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=wxiMrvDbq3s\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Guthrie eventually became a hero to the burgeoning folk scene of the 1960s and a mentor to musicians like Pete Seeger, Phil Ochs, Ramblin' Jack Elliott and Bob Dylan.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Guthrie died in 1967. Interestingly, his ghost keeps popping up in the 2016 presidential election. When Democratic candidate Bernie Sanders campaigned in Oklahoma last month, he made sure to stop by the Woody Guthrie Center in downtown Tulsa. Sanders has been a longtime fan of Guthrie’s music, even covering “This Land Is Your Land” nearly 30 years ago. And at an Iowa rally earlier this year, he hummed along to the tune onstage with Vampire Weekend.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>That’s not the only connection to the 2016 campaign. \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad floatright]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Earlier this year, \u003ca href=\"http://www.nytimes.com/politics/first-draft/2016/01/25/woody-guthrie-sang-of-his-contempt-for-his-landlord-donald-trumps-father/\" target=\"_blank\">an archivist found in Guthrie’s notebooks some nasty things he’d written about Fred Trump\u003c/a>, the father of Republican front-runner Donald Trump. Guthrie rented an apartment in Brooklyn belonging to Trump for two years. And Guthrie wrote angrily about what he called racist housing practices by the real estate mogul, specifically about the lack of diversity among the residents of Trump’s Beach Haven apartments.\u003c/p>\n\n",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>The great American songwriter Woody Guthrie is usually associated with his home state of Oklahoma and the folk scene of New York City’s Greenwich Village. But it was his time in L.A. that helped define his politics. Those years are the subject of a new book, “\u003ca href=\"http://www.angelcitypress.com/products/guth\">Woody Guthrie L.A., 1937 to 1941\u003c/a>,” co-edited by historians Darryl Holter and William Deverell.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003cdiv class='utils-parseShortcode-shortcodes-__shortcodes__shortcodeWrapper'>\n \u003ciframe width='100%' height='166'\n scrolling='no' frameborder='no'\n src='https://w.soundcloud.com/player/?url=https://api.soundcloud.com/tracks/252910261&visual=true&color=ff5500&auto_play=false&hide_related=false&show_comments=true&show_user=true&show_reposts=false'\n title='https://api.soundcloud.com/tracks/252910261'>\n \u003c/iframe>\n \u003c/div>\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Guthrie came from a middle-class family in Okemah, Oklahoma. His mother had Huntington's disease, which he eventually succumbed to as well, and she was committed to a state hospital. \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Guthrie was pretty much on his own after the age of 16. He learned to play guitar in high school and performed old-time music with friends in a group called “The Corncob Trio.” He learned hundreds of hillbilly and folk songs, and began writing his own compositions about the dust storms that were driving families from their land in the Great Plains.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>After hopping freight trains and doing itinerant work in Pampa, Texas, the young musician landed in Los Angeles, along with tens of thousands of other Dust Bowl refugees. But he learned that living in L.A. isn’t cheap, as he explored in his song \u003cem>\u003ca href=\"https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=-qCpFn1iIqk\">\"Do Re Mi.\"\u003c/a>\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>California is a garden of Eden, a paradise to live in or see;\u003cbr>\nBut believe it or not, you won't find it so hot\u003cbr>\nIf you ain't got the do re mi.\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_10900488\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 1920px\">\u003cimg class=\"wp-image-10900488 size-full\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2016/03/RS18827_43051-SlowTrainThroughCA_WGdrawing-qut.jpg\" alt=\"Woody Guthrie wrote, illustrated, and bound a pamphlet that included his eyewitness observations of Depression-era California.\" width=\"1920\" height=\"1504\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2016/03/RS18827_43051-SlowTrainThroughCA_WGdrawing-qut.jpg 1920w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2016/03/RS18827_43051-SlowTrainThroughCA_WGdrawing-qut-400x313.jpg 400w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2016/03/RS18827_43051-SlowTrainThroughCA_WGdrawing-qut-800x627.jpg 800w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2016/03/RS18827_43051-SlowTrainThroughCA_WGdrawing-qut-1180x924.jpg 1180w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2016/03/RS18827_43051-SlowTrainThroughCA_WGdrawing-qut-960x752.jpg 960w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 1920px) 100vw, 1920px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Woody Guthrie wrote, illustrated and bound a pamphlet that included his eyewitness observations of Depression-era California. \u003ccite>(Woody Guthrie Archive/Woody Guthrie Center)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>“Woody was someone who read a lot of things and he was always interested in things, but his politics were relatively unformed when he came,” says Holter. “He came from places that were basically steeped in segregation. So it was a very different atmosphere, and he came to L.A. and a lot of his political views really changed. I describe him as a kind of a Dust Bowl populist.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Guthrie never had a permanent address in Los Angeles. He crashed with friends in Echo Park and Glendale, and stayed in flophouses on Skid Row, where he also busked in cafes and bars and on streetcorners for spare change.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In the summer of 1937, Woody and his cousin, Leon “Oke” Guthrie, were hired to host the “Oklahoma and Woody Show” on L.A. radio station KFVD. A couple months later, Guthrie launched “The Woody and Lefty Lou Show” with Maxine Crissman, the daughter of a friend. He called her “Lefty Lou” because she was left-handed and because Lou rhymed with \"Missou,\" her home state of Missouri. They received nearly 500 fan letters within the show’s first month, and it became the highest-rated show on the station.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_10900481\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 1920px\">\u003cimg class=\"wp-image-10900481 size-full\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2016/03/RS18825_47011-WoodyLeftyLou-qut-1.jpg\" alt=\"Maxine “Lefty Lou” Crissman and Woody Guthrie promote their Woody and Lefty Lou radio show on Los Angeles’s KFVD, ca. 1937.\" width=\"1920\" height=\"1299\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2016/03/RS18825_47011-WoodyLeftyLou-qut-1.jpg 1920w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2016/03/RS18825_47011-WoodyLeftyLou-qut-1-400x271.jpg 400w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2016/03/RS18825_47011-WoodyLeftyLou-qut-1-800x541.jpg 800w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2016/03/RS18825_47011-WoodyLeftyLou-qut-1-1180x798.jpg 1180w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2016/03/RS18825_47011-WoodyLeftyLou-qut-1-960x650.jpg 960w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 1920px) 100vw, 1920px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Maxine 'Lefty Lou' Crissman and Woody Guthrie promote their radio show on Los Angeles’s KFVD, ca. 1937.\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>“The show became very popular, particularly among the Dust Bowl population that lived in L.A.,” Holter says. “Even if you were poor you could listen to the radio. And a lot of letters came in, and Guthrie became sort of a minor radio celebrity.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In 1939, Woody met Ed Robbin, a fellow radio host at KFVD, who got him a gig singing at a Communist Party rally at the Embassy Auditorium in downtown L.A. Guthrie became a fixture among L.A.’s radical left and performed at many political and union events around Los Angeles. He also wrote a column for the Communist newspaper People’s Daily World. He called it “Woody Sez,” and wrote in a hillbilly style to seem more authentic.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Woody Guthrie is a very shrewd political actor,” Deverell says. “On the one hand, we might assume -- and that could be right -- that he's surprised by his rising success and fame. On the other hand, it may be in part cultivated by his own sense of a persona. So he's very clever about identifying as just folks.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Guthrie visited Dust Bowlers in their encampments, which were nicknamed \"Hoovervilles.\" For these migrants, the big city held plenty of danger.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“When they came to L.A., I mean this is a whole new experience. Not only was it big, noisy, full of cars, full of people, but also you could buy liquor all over, it wasn't dry. There were all kinds of temptations. You could buy your cars on credit. You could buy furniture on credit and lose it as well,” Holter says, citing Guthrie's song \u003cem>“\u003c/em>\u003ca href=\"https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=xqg6k1hVCFw\">\u003cem>Them Big City Ways.\u003c/em>\u003c/a>\u003cem>”\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>Brother John moved into town, rented him a flat and he settled down\u003cbr>\nLord lord, he’s getting them big city ways.\u003cbr>\nBrought his wife and kids along, but fifteen dollars didn’t last long\u003cbr>\nLord lord, he’s getting them big city ways.\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Guthrie also traveled around the Golden State. He performed political skits with actor Will Geer to support strikers in the cotton fields of Kern County and got arrested at the state capital in Sacramento. He performed for migrant farmworkers in the San Joaquin Valley. He met the writers John Steinbeck and Theodore Dreiser. Guthrie’s songs addressed issues of inequality that were amplified by the Depression, and are still relevant today.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_10900485\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 1920px\">\u003cimg class=\"size-full wp-image-10900485\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2016/03/RS18826_43021-WoodyGuthrie_Singing_Shafter_FLCamp-qut.jpg\" alt=\"Woody Guthrie singing at Shafter Labor Camp, 1941.\" width=\"1920\" height=\"1919\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2016/03/RS18826_43021-WoodyGuthrie_Singing_Shafter_FLCamp-qut.jpg 1920w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2016/03/RS18826_43021-WoodyGuthrie_Singing_Shafter_FLCamp-qut-400x400.jpg 400w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2016/03/RS18826_43021-WoodyGuthrie_Singing_Shafter_FLCamp-qut-800x800.jpg 800w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2016/03/RS18826_43021-WoodyGuthrie_Singing_Shafter_FLCamp-qut-1180x1179.jpg 1180w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2016/03/RS18826_43021-WoodyGuthrie_Singing_Shafter_FLCamp-qut-960x960.jpg 960w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2016/03/RS18826_43021-WoodyGuthrie_Singing_Shafter_FLCamp-qut-32x32.jpg 32w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2016/03/RS18826_43021-WoodyGuthrie_Singing_Shafter_FLCamp-qut-64x64.jpg 64w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2016/03/RS18826_43021-WoodyGuthrie_Singing_Shafter_FLCamp-qut-96x96.jpg 96w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2016/03/RS18826_43021-WoodyGuthrie_Singing_Shafter_FLCamp-qut-128x128.jpg 128w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2016/03/RS18826_43021-WoodyGuthrie_Singing_Shafter_FLCamp-qut-75x75.jpg 75w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 1920px) 100vw, 1920px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Woody Guthrie singing at Shafter Labor Camp, 1941. \u003ccite>(Seema Weatherwax)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>“Things like police-community relations. Things like unemployment. Things like poverty. Things like homelessness. Things like really heavy rainfalls and people getting swept away by the L.A. River,” Holter says. “Things about love, things about sex, the same kinds of things we talk about today. And it's a kind of timelessness to the themes of his songs.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Song's like \u003cem> “\u003c/em>\u003ca href=\"https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=vXRT-5rL8z8\">\u003cem>Los Angeles New Year's Flood:\u003c/em>\u003c/a>\u003cem>” \u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>Kind friend, do you remember?\u003cbr>\nOn that fatal New Year's night\u003cbr>\nThe lights of old Los Angeles\u003cbr>\nWas a flick'ring, Oh, so bright.\u003cbr>\nA cloud burst hit the mountains\u003cbr>\nIt swept away our homes;\u003cbr>\nAnd a hundred souls was taken\u003cbr>\nIn that fatal New Year's flood.\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“The L.A. River, in the early years of the Depression, it takes a heavy, heavy rainfall and it floods its banks. And many of those Okie and Arkie out-migrants from the Dust Bowl were living in encampments alongside the river. And they get washed away. Or at least their possessions get washed away,” Deverell says.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Woody Guthrie and his family left Los Angeles in 1939 and moved to New York, where he wrote “This Land Is Your Land” as a response to Kate Smith’s then-current hit “God Bless America.” The authors of the new book say Guthrie’s experiences in Los Angeles inspired what would become America’s “other” national anthem.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Guthrie eventually wrote some 3,000 songs, although we have the score for only about half of them. He’d revisit some songs and modify the lyrics, reflecting his own changing political ideas. For example, one stanza of “\u003ca href=\"https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=wxiMrvDbq3s\">\u003cem>This Land Is Your Land\u003c/em>\u003c/a>” often gets left out:\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>As I went walking I saw a sign there\u003cbr>\nAnd on the sign it said \"No Trespassing.\"\u003cbr>\nBut on the other side it didn't say nothing,\u003cbr>\nThat side was made for you and me.\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003cspan class='utils-parseShortcode-shortcodes-__youtubeShortcode__embedYoutube'>\n \u003cspan class='utils-parseShortcode-shortcodes-__youtubeShortcode__embedYoutubeInside'>\n \u003ciframe\n loading='lazy'\n class='utils-parseShortcode-shortcodes-__youtubeShortcode__youtubePlayer'\n type='text/html'\n src='//www.youtube.com/embed/wxiMrvDbq3s'\n title='//www.youtube.com/embed/wxiMrvDbq3s'\n allowfullscreen='true'\n style='border:0;'>\u003c/iframe>\n \u003c/span>\n \u003c/span>\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003cp>Guthrie eventually became a hero to the burgeoning folk scene of the 1960s and a mentor to musicians like Pete Seeger, Phil Ochs, Ramblin' Jack Elliott and Bob Dylan.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Guthrie died in 1967. Interestingly, his ghost keeps popping up in the 2016 presidential election. When Democratic candidate Bernie Sanders campaigned in Oklahoma last month, he made sure to stop by the Woody Guthrie Center in downtown Tulsa. Sanders has been a longtime fan of Guthrie’s music, even covering “This Land Is Your Land” nearly 30 years ago. And at an Iowa rally earlier this year, he hummed along to the tune onstage with Vampire Weekend.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>That’s not the only connection to the 2016 campaign. \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Earlier this year, \u003ca href=\"http://www.nytimes.com/politics/first-draft/2016/01/25/woody-guthrie-sang-of-his-contempt-for-his-landlord-donald-trumps-father/\" target=\"_blank\">an archivist found in Guthrie’s notebooks some nasty things he’d written about Fred Trump\u003c/a>, the father of Republican front-runner Donald Trump. Guthrie rented an apartment in Brooklyn belonging to Trump for two years. And Guthrie wrote angrily about what he called racist housing practices by the real estate mogul, specifically about the lack of diversity among the residents of Trump’s Beach Haven apartments.\u003c/p>\n\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>",
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"content": "\u003cp>The race is on to capture the attention of one age group that's steadily lost interest in voting over the past two decades: young people.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Although young voters helped drive Barack Obama's presidential election in 2008, their engagement has slipped since 2011, according to a \u003ca href=\"http://www.iop.harvard.edu/harvard-iop-fall-2015-poll\" target=\"_blank\">Harvard Institute of Politics poll\u003c/a> from last fall. At the time, less than half of the 18- to 29-year-olds surveyed said they were following the 2016 campaign.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[soundcloud url=\"https://api.soundcloud.com/tracks/252596541\" params=\"color=ff5500&auto_play=false&hide_related=false&show_comments=true&show_user=true&show_reposts=false\" width=\"100%\" height=\"166\" iframe=\"true\" /]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"It’s a sad reality that we don’t care,\" said Juan Carlos Salas, a 29-year-old Los Angeles resident who works in Pasadena as a copy writer.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Salas feels frustrated and cynical about politics. He said he hasn’t voted since Obama first ran for president and he no longer connects with the message of hope on which Obama had campaigned.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[contextly_sidebar id=\"Huv9WNkX8UD1HmJ6iY4nQLSkZQOFPIHh\"]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"There’s a lot of sense of maybe betrayal, and there's a lot of sense of maybe things are never going to change. It’s just a cycle of just nonsense and garbage,\" he said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>As for whom he might support for president, Salas said he likes what he hears from Vermont Sen. Bernie Sanders, but doesn’t know if he’ll cast a vote in 2016.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Salas is not alone in his thinking. Last year, just 8 percent of eligible 18- to 24-year-olds cast ballots in California's general election, the \u003ca href=\"http://explore.regionalchange.ucdavis.edu/ourwork/projects/copy2_of_UCDavisCCEPPolicyBrief92014YouthVote.pdf\" target=\"_blank\">California Civic Engagement Project reported\u003c/a> in a brief.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>What could get millennials drawn back into the process?\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>\u003cstrong>\u003ca href=\"http://www.scpr.org/news/2015/12/14/56194/as-millennials-interest-in-voting-wanes-solutions/\" target=\"_blank\">Read the full story via KPCC\u003c/a>\u003c/strong>\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\n",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>The race is on to capture the attention of one age group that's steadily lost interest in voting over the past two decades: young people.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Although young voters helped drive Barack Obama's presidential election in 2008, their engagement has slipped since 2011, according to a \u003ca href=\"http://www.iop.harvard.edu/harvard-iop-fall-2015-poll\" target=\"_blank\">Harvard Institute of Politics poll\u003c/a> from last fall. At the time, less than half of the 18- to 29-year-olds surveyed said they were following the 2016 campaign.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003cdiv class='utils-parseShortcode-shortcodes-__shortcodes__shortcodeWrapper'>\n \u003ciframe width='100%' height='166'\n scrolling='no' frameborder='no'\n src='https://w.soundcloud.com/player/?url=https://api.soundcloud.com/tracks/252596541&visual=true&color=ff5500&auto_play=false&hide_related=false&show_comments=true&show_user=true&show_reposts=false'\n title='https://api.soundcloud.com/tracks/252596541'>\n \u003c/iframe>\n \u003c/div>\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"It’s a sad reality that we don’t care,\" said Juan Carlos Salas, a 29-year-old Los Angeles resident who works in Pasadena as a copy writer.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Salas feels frustrated and cynical about politics. He said he hasn’t voted since Obama first ran for president and he no longer connects with the message of hope on which Obama had campaigned.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"disqusTitle": "After 50 Years in L.A. Clubs, Singer Troy Walker Still Going Strong",
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"content": "\u003cp>It's the early '60s. It’s a Saturday night on the pre-hippie Sunset Strip. It’s a swinging scene, men in sharp suits, women in cocktail dresses. Everybody smokes. In a lounge called The Interlude, they’re squeezing in to see Troy Walker.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"I’d never imagined myself even having that much talent,” admits Walker. “I was just a singer and I liked showing off.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>That inclination paid off for Walker, who was raised in Arizona. As a young boy, he first realized his divine gift of song during a Christmas worship service in his hometown of Phoenix.\u003c/p>\n\u003caside class=\"pullquote alignright\">'Mommy wanted a girl, Daddy wanted a boy, now they’re both happy. I played with it rather than let it bring me down. And it worked fine because I was never out of work, never have been.'\u003ccite>Troy Walker\u003c/cite>\u003c/aside>\n\u003cp>“I remember on a Christmas cantata in church, our choir director Mr. Beasley had me sing ‘O Holy Night,’” Walker says. “I had a very high soprano voice. I sang it and I looked at my mother and she was crying and Mr. Beasley stood up and said, ‘God has sent us an angel.'\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>He moved to Hollywood in 1958, “just to come out to Hollywood. I understood I could be a little freer, especially in my personal life, so I came out to Hollywood to see if that could happen.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"I walked into a bar on Hollywood Boulevard, and the young man behind the piano asked me if I could sing. I’d sing in school, so I said, ‘Yep,’ and he gave me the microphone and I sang a song. I was only 19. And the owner came over and asked me if I could come in every night and sing a couple songs and he’d give me 10 bucks.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[soundcloud url=\"https://api.soundcloud.com/tracks/251447759\" params=\"color=ff5500&auto_play=false&hide_related=false&show_comments=true&show_user=true&show_reposts=false\" width=\"100%\" height=\"166\" iframe=\"true\" /]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“At the time I was downright broke, and I asked if I could get an advance because my rent was due. At that time it was nine bucks a week. He said, ‘Don’t try and con me, kid.’ I told him I’d be back the next night. That’s how it started, and it’s been that way ever since.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Walker was, to put it mildly, a very pretty boy, something that he learned to use to his advantage onstage. “My first line was, ‘My name’s Troy Walker and whatever you’re thinking, you’re right.’ It just worked for me,” he says. “‘Mommy wanted a girl, Daddy wanted a boy, now they’re both happy.’ I played with it rather than let it bring me down. And it worked fine because I was never out of work, never have been.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Flamboyant young Walker developed a set of current hits and standards recorded by artists he admired like Judy Garland, Johnny Ray and Johnny Mathis. His chops were formidable; his ability to sell a song and give his all to the crowd was immense. He released his first album in 1962. His second -- and last -- record came out two years later, and while neither took off, his reputation as a must-see live act flourished.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_10896794\" class=\"wp-caption alignright\" style=\"max-width: 800px\">\u003cimg class=\"wp-image-10896794 size-medium\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2016/03/TroyWalker2-800x942.jpg\" alt=\"Troy Walker was a very pretty boy, something he learned early on to use to his advantage onstage. “My first line was, ‘My name’s Troy Walker and whatever you’re thinking, you’re right,'" he says.\" width=\"800\" height=\"942\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2016/03/TroyWalker2-800x942.jpg 800w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2016/03/TroyWalker2-400x471.jpg 400w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2016/03/TroyWalker2.jpg 1920w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2016/03/TroyWalker2-1180x1390.jpg 1180w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2016/03/TroyWalker2-960x1131.jpg 960w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Troy Walker was a very pretty boy, something he learned early on to use to his advantage onstage. “My first line was, ‘My name’s Troy Walker and whatever you’re thinking, you’re right,'\" he says. \u003ccite>(Peter Gilstrap/KQED)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>He was on fire, packing rooms and drawing names like Ricky Nelson, Natalie Wood, Ronald Reagan and Elvis himself. He shared the stage with everyone from Ella Fitzgerald to Pat Collins the Hip Hypnotist. He joked, he trash talked, he worked risque but never mean.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>He was a dazzling, flamboyant attraction, meaning he was as openly gay as an act could be in those closeted times. But it wasn’t really camp, it was just who he was. And that was something that may have hindered his professional growth.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“I often wondered why the big [career] push wasn’t made and I just kind of decided, well, nobody wanted at that time to affiliate themselves with a somewhat effete, somewhat maybe feminine man. It was that age.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Walker survived, playing all manner of nightspots. For years he was an attraction at the legendary Palomino Club in North Hollywood. “I became the headliner at the Palomino,” he states. “[Owner] Tommy Thomas called me and asked me to come and I said, ‘They’ll stone me,’ 'cause it was very country. But I wound up there for 17 years every Tuesday night.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>And so it was that five years ago he began singing at Cody Bryant’s Viva Cantina, a Mexican restaurant in Burbank that’s become the singer’s monthly gig, backed by guitarist Bryant’s house band for the last five years.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“So who does he draw?” asks Bryant. “For some people it’s a freak show, [there’s] some intelligentsia, some hipsters. He cuts a funny path across a lot of personality types. But he’s infinitely human, and that’s what translates to everybody.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>That includes people like Jan Damiano, who go way back with Walker.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“He taught me to do the twist on Sunset Strip at the Interlude,” she says after a recent Walker set at the Cantina. “My husband and I went there and we learned the twist, and we were twisting everywhere, Miami and everywhere, but I learned from him. It’s a long time ago! He loves his audience. And that’s why people come back.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_10896853\" class=\"wp-caption alignright\" style=\"max-width: 800px\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2016/03/TroyWalkerad.jpg\">\u003cimg class=\"wp-image-10896853 size-medium\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2016/03/TroyWalkerad-800x477.jpg\" alt=\"An advertisement for a 1981 Troy Walker performance well encapsulates the singer's approach to gender normativity.\" width=\"800\" height=\"477\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2016/03/TroyWalkerad.jpg 800w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2016/03/TroyWalkerad-400x239.jpg 400w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">An advertisement for a 1981 Troy Walker performance well encapsulates the singer's approach to gender normativity.\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>“I let them know I was there for them,” says Walker of his audience. “A lot of performers don’t project that. They don’t have that thing about letting them know you really are grateful they’re there, and that’s a feeling you have to have to be a good performer.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Tom Kenny, the actor/comedian and voice of SpongeBob SquarePants, has been a Walker follower for years, catching him whenever he can. Like snowflakes and fingerprints, Walker’s sets are never the same.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“You really never know what you’re going to get with Troy,” offers Kenny. “A lot of it seems to depend on what mood he’s in and what he’s going through and what songs are resonating with him on a given night, so the shows are kind of like a really long medley mash-up of the American songbook, with dirty jokes peppered in between. What’s not to like?”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Walker uses no set list, but moves from song to song seemingly on a whim, rarely finishing anything. You might hear a chorus, a couple verses, and then it’s on to something else.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“The music follows him,” says Damiano. “He goes where he wants, he segues on a word. He sails. He floats.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“You have to kind of guess,” offers Bryant. “You have to listen, you have to make your ears go out 3 feet on the side of your head to figure out where in the hell he’s going to go. And to make him look good. You want him to look good.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_10896846\" class=\"wp-caption alignleft\" style=\"max-width: 800px\">\u003cimg class=\"wp-image-10896846 size-medium\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2016/03/TomKenny-800x567.jpg\" alt='Actor Tom Kenny, voice of SpongeBob SquarePants, has been a Troy Walker fan for years calling his shows \"kind of like a really long medley mash-up of the American songbook, with dirty jokes peppered in between.\"' width=\"800\" height=\"567\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2016/03/TomKenny-800x567.jpg 800w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2016/03/TomKenny-400x284.jpg 400w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2016/03/TomKenny.jpg 1920w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2016/03/TomKenny-1180x836.jpg 1180w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2016/03/TomKenny-960x681.jpg 960w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Actor Tom Kenny, voice of SpongeBob SquarePants, has been a Troy Walker fan for years, calling his shows \"kind of like a really long medley mash-up of the American songbook, with dirty jokes peppered in between.\" \u003ccite>(Brad Barket/Getty Images)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>And really, that’s the thing. Everybody’s rooting for Troy. He’s lovable. He’s impish. He’s a pussycat who’s had a lot of lives but no grand strategy for success. His 50-year career vision has never extended beyond the last set of the night.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“I can’t say that I had a real plan,” Walker admits. “I just came to Hollywood and people asked me what I did and I said, ‘I’m a singer.’”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>And he does it all for the nice people out there in the dark who have been filling the seats—or most of them—for this unique act that never ends.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“They give a meaning to my life,” Walker says of his loyal followers. “They want me, even if nobody else does, and I guess that’s the way I qualify what I do. People have no idea, they lay things out like ego and selfishness, but it’s not that at all. If every night you get 20 or 30 minutes of this [he claps] and standing ovations periodically, and you say, “Wow. I’m worth something.' ”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad floatright]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>On this Wednesday night in Burbank, for a handful of hipsters, drinkers and gray-haired women he’s turned briefly back into 25-year-olds, he’s worth a lot.\u003c/p>\n\n",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>It's the early '60s. It’s a Saturday night on the pre-hippie Sunset Strip. It’s a swinging scene, men in sharp suits, women in cocktail dresses. Everybody smokes. In a lounge called The Interlude, they’re squeezing in to see Troy Walker.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"I’d never imagined myself even having that much talent,” admits Walker. “I was just a singer and I liked showing off.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>That inclination paid off for Walker, who was raised in Arizona. As a young boy, he first realized his divine gift of song during a Christmas worship service in his hometown of Phoenix.\u003c/p>\n\u003caside class=\"pullquote alignright\">'Mommy wanted a girl, Daddy wanted a boy, now they’re both happy. I played with it rather than let it bring me down. And it worked fine because I was never out of work, never have been.'\u003ccite>Troy Walker\u003c/cite>\u003c/aside>\n\u003cp>“I remember on a Christmas cantata in church, our choir director Mr. Beasley had me sing ‘O Holy Night,’” Walker says. “I had a very high soprano voice. I sang it and I looked at my mother and she was crying and Mr. Beasley stood up and said, ‘God has sent us an angel.'\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>He moved to Hollywood in 1958, “just to come out to Hollywood. I understood I could be a little freer, especially in my personal life, so I came out to Hollywood to see if that could happen.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"I walked into a bar on Hollywood Boulevard, and the young man behind the piano asked me if I could sing. I’d sing in school, so I said, ‘Yep,’ and he gave me the microphone and I sang a song. I was only 19. And the owner came over and asked me if I could come in every night and sing a couple songs and he’d give me 10 bucks.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003cdiv class='utils-parseShortcode-shortcodes-__shortcodes__shortcodeWrapper'>\n \u003ciframe width='100%' height='166'\n scrolling='no' frameborder='no'\n src='https://w.soundcloud.com/player/?url=https://api.soundcloud.com/tracks/251447759&visual=true&color=ff5500&auto_play=false&hide_related=false&show_comments=true&show_user=true&show_reposts=false'\n title='https://api.soundcloud.com/tracks/251447759'>\n \u003c/iframe>\n \u003c/div>\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“At the time I was downright broke, and I asked if I could get an advance because my rent was due. At that time it was nine bucks a week. He said, ‘Don’t try and con me, kid.’ I told him I’d be back the next night. That’s how it started, and it’s been that way ever since.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Walker was, to put it mildly, a very pretty boy, something that he learned to use to his advantage onstage. “My first line was, ‘My name’s Troy Walker and whatever you’re thinking, you’re right.’ It just worked for me,” he says. “‘Mommy wanted a girl, Daddy wanted a boy, now they’re both happy.’ I played with it rather than let it bring me down. And it worked fine because I was never out of work, never have been.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Flamboyant young Walker developed a set of current hits and standards recorded by artists he admired like Judy Garland, Johnny Ray and Johnny Mathis. His chops were formidable; his ability to sell a song and give his all to the crowd was immense. He released his first album in 1962. His second -- and last -- record came out two years later, and while neither took off, his reputation as a must-see live act flourished.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_10896794\" class=\"wp-caption alignright\" style=\"max-width: 800px\">\u003cimg class=\"wp-image-10896794 size-medium\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2016/03/TroyWalker2-800x942.jpg\" alt=\"Troy Walker was a very pretty boy, something he learned early on to use to his advantage onstage. “My first line was, ‘My name’s Troy Walker and whatever you’re thinking, you’re right,'" he says.\" width=\"800\" height=\"942\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2016/03/TroyWalker2-800x942.jpg 800w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2016/03/TroyWalker2-400x471.jpg 400w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2016/03/TroyWalker2.jpg 1920w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2016/03/TroyWalker2-1180x1390.jpg 1180w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2016/03/TroyWalker2-960x1131.jpg 960w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Troy Walker was a very pretty boy, something he learned early on to use to his advantage onstage. “My first line was, ‘My name’s Troy Walker and whatever you’re thinking, you’re right,'\" he says. \u003ccite>(Peter Gilstrap/KQED)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>He was on fire, packing rooms and drawing names like Ricky Nelson, Natalie Wood, Ronald Reagan and Elvis himself. He shared the stage with everyone from Ella Fitzgerald to Pat Collins the Hip Hypnotist. He joked, he trash talked, he worked risque but never mean.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>He was a dazzling, flamboyant attraction, meaning he was as openly gay as an act could be in those closeted times. But it wasn’t really camp, it was just who he was. And that was something that may have hindered his professional growth.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“I often wondered why the big [career] push wasn’t made and I just kind of decided, well, nobody wanted at that time to affiliate themselves with a somewhat effete, somewhat maybe feminine man. It was that age.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Walker survived, playing all manner of nightspots. For years he was an attraction at the legendary Palomino Club in North Hollywood. “I became the headliner at the Palomino,” he states. “[Owner] Tommy Thomas called me and asked me to come and I said, ‘They’ll stone me,’ 'cause it was very country. But I wound up there for 17 years every Tuesday night.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>And so it was that five years ago he began singing at Cody Bryant’s Viva Cantina, a Mexican restaurant in Burbank that’s become the singer’s monthly gig, backed by guitarist Bryant’s house band for the last five years.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“So who does he draw?” asks Bryant. “For some people it’s a freak show, [there’s] some intelligentsia, some hipsters. He cuts a funny path across a lot of personality types. But he’s infinitely human, and that’s what translates to everybody.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>That includes people like Jan Damiano, who go way back with Walker.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“He taught me to do the twist on Sunset Strip at the Interlude,” she says after a recent Walker set at the Cantina. “My husband and I went there and we learned the twist, and we were twisting everywhere, Miami and everywhere, but I learned from him. It’s a long time ago! He loves his audience. And that’s why people come back.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_10896853\" class=\"wp-caption alignright\" style=\"max-width: 800px\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2016/03/TroyWalkerad.jpg\">\u003cimg class=\"wp-image-10896853 size-medium\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2016/03/TroyWalkerad-800x477.jpg\" alt=\"An advertisement for a 1981 Troy Walker performance well encapsulates the singer's approach to gender normativity.\" width=\"800\" height=\"477\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2016/03/TroyWalkerad.jpg 800w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2016/03/TroyWalkerad-400x239.jpg 400w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">An advertisement for a 1981 Troy Walker performance well encapsulates the singer's approach to gender normativity.\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>“I let them know I was there for them,” says Walker of his audience. “A lot of performers don’t project that. They don’t have that thing about letting them know you really are grateful they’re there, and that’s a feeling you have to have to be a good performer.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Tom Kenny, the actor/comedian and voice of SpongeBob SquarePants, has been a Walker follower for years, catching him whenever he can. Like snowflakes and fingerprints, Walker’s sets are never the same.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“You really never know what you’re going to get with Troy,” offers Kenny. “A lot of it seems to depend on what mood he’s in and what he’s going through and what songs are resonating with him on a given night, so the shows are kind of like a really long medley mash-up of the American songbook, with dirty jokes peppered in between. What’s not to like?”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Walker uses no set list, but moves from song to song seemingly on a whim, rarely finishing anything. You might hear a chorus, a couple verses, and then it’s on to something else.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“The music follows him,” says Damiano. “He goes where he wants, he segues on a word. He sails. He floats.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“You have to kind of guess,” offers Bryant. “You have to listen, you have to make your ears go out 3 feet on the side of your head to figure out where in the hell he’s going to go. And to make him look good. You want him to look good.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_10896846\" class=\"wp-caption alignleft\" style=\"max-width: 800px\">\u003cimg class=\"wp-image-10896846 size-medium\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2016/03/TomKenny-800x567.jpg\" alt='Actor Tom Kenny, voice of SpongeBob SquarePants, has been a Troy Walker fan for years calling his shows \"kind of like a really long medley mash-up of the American songbook, with dirty jokes peppered in between.\"' width=\"800\" height=\"567\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2016/03/TomKenny-800x567.jpg 800w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2016/03/TomKenny-400x284.jpg 400w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2016/03/TomKenny.jpg 1920w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2016/03/TomKenny-1180x836.jpg 1180w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2016/03/TomKenny-960x681.jpg 960w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Actor Tom Kenny, voice of SpongeBob SquarePants, has been a Troy Walker fan for years, calling his shows \"kind of like a really long medley mash-up of the American songbook, with dirty jokes peppered in between.\" \u003ccite>(Brad Barket/Getty Images)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>And really, that’s the thing. Everybody’s rooting for Troy. He’s lovable. He’s impish. He’s a pussycat who’s had a lot of lives but no grand strategy for success. His 50-year career vision has never extended beyond the last set of the night.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“I can’t say that I had a real plan,” Walker admits. “I just came to Hollywood and people asked me what I did and I said, ‘I’m a singer.’”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>And he does it all for the nice people out there in the dark who have been filling the seats—or most of them—for this unique act that never ends.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“They give a meaning to my life,” Walker says of his loyal followers. “They want me, even if nobody else does, and I guess that’s the way I qualify what I do. People have no idea, they lay things out like ego and selfishness, but it’s not that at all. If every night you get 20 or 30 minutes of this [he claps] and standing ovations periodically, and you say, “Wow. I’m worth something.' ”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>On this Wednesday night in Burbank, for a handful of hipsters, drinkers and gray-haired women he’s turned briefly back into 25-year-olds, he’s worth a lot.\u003c/p>\n\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>",
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"disqusTitle": "L.A. Police Confirm Testing Knife That May Be Linked to O.J. Simpson Murder Case",
"title": "L.A. Police Confirm Testing Knife That May Be Linked to O.J. Simpson Murder Case",
"headTitle": "The California Report | KQED News",
"content": "\u003cp>Los Angeles police say they're testing a knife that was reportedly found at the estate of O.J. Simpson years after his 1995 acquittal for the stabbing deaths of his former wife and another man.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>According to \u003ca href=\"http://www.tmz.com/2016/03/04/oj-simpson-knife-found-murders-nicole-brown/\" target=\"_blank\">TMZ\u003c/a>, the \u003ca href=\"http://www.latimes.com/local/lanow/la-me-ln-knife-found-on-o-j-simpson-property-being-tested-by-lapd-20160304-story.html\">Los Angeles Times\u003c/a> and other outlets citing police sources, the knife was discovered in 1998 by a worker involved in \u003ca href=\"http://articles.chicagotribune.com/1998-07-30/news/9807300184_1_nicole-simpson-and-goldman-bundy-drive-condominium-ronald-goldman\" target=\"_blank\">the demolition of Simpson's home\u003c/a>. The worker reportedly turned the knife over to a police officer who was working off-duty providing security at a nearby movie location.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But LAPD Capt. Andrew Neiman said in a Friday morning press conference that it wasn't until the last month or so that the Police Department learned of the knife's discovery and obtained it from the officer, who is now retired.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Neiman confirmed that the knife is being tested for DNA. But he also said investigators are checking into the story behind the knife's reported recovery.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"We're not sure if the whole story is bogus from the get-go,\" Neiman told reporters.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Neiman did not identify the officer who is said to have received the knife, and he said the identity of the worker who recovered it is unknown.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Nicole Brown Simpson and a friend, Ron Goldman, were found stabbed to death outside her home in L.A.'s Brentwood neighborhood early the morning of June 12, 1994.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>O.J. Simpson, a native of San Francisco's Potrero Heights, a superstar NFL running back, actor and TV pitchman, was charged with the murders and acquitted in 1995. Under the Constitution's prohibition of double jeopardy, Simpson can't be tried again for the killings.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The grisly nature of the murders, the celebrity and bizarre initial behavior of the suspect and the racial overtones of the murder trial combined to make the case a spectacle that more than 20 years later still commands wide public attention. The case is the subject of a new FX Network series, \"\u003ca href=\"http://www.fxnetworks.com/shows/the-people-v-oj-simpson-american-crime-story/episodes\" target=\"_blank\">The People v. O.J. Simpson.\u003c/a>\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>After his acquittal, Simpson was found liable in a wrongful death lawsuit brought by the families of his two alleged victims. The judgment in the case, $33.5 million, along with his legal fees and the end of his acting and advertising career, led to his loss of the Brentwood estate.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Simpson is now serving \u003ca href=\"http://www.reviewjournal.com/news/nevada/nevada-supreme-court-rejects-oj-simpsons-appeal\" target=\"_blank\">a nine- to 33-year prison sentence\u003c/a> in Nevada for a 2008 conviction on kidnapping and robbery charges.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The \u003ca href=\"http://www.latimes.com/local/lanow/la-me-ln-knife-found-on-o-j-simpson-property-being-tested-by-lapd-20160304-story.html\" target=\"_blank\">Los Angeles Times reports\u003c/a> this reaction to Friday's knife disclosure from one of the lawyers who defended Simpson:\u003c/p>\n\u003cblockquote>\u003cp>Attorney Carl Douglas -- a member of O.J. Simpson's legal \"dream team\" that secured his 1995 acquittal in the deaths of his ex-wife, Nicole Brown Simpson, and her friend Ron Goldman -- on Friday called the story \"ridiculous.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"It's amazing how the world cannot move on from this case!\" Douglas said. \"And it, and the media, is apparently still fascinated by everything O.J. Simpson.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Douglas said he remembers that \"there were indications that two different knives may have been used. One with a straight edge, and one with a serrated edge.\" But he cautions that people sometimes will do anything for 15 minutes of fame.\u003c/p>\u003c/blockquote>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>And the Times also provides \u003ca href=\"http://www.latimes.com/local/lanow/la-me-ln-knife-found-on-o-j-simpson-property-being-tested-by-lapd-20160304-story.html\" target=\"_blank\">some background\u003c/a> on the search for the murder weapon in the Simpson-Goldman murders:\u003c/p>\n\u003cblockquote>\u003cp>Authorities searched for the murder weapon for months after the slayings, and there have been many leads that went cold.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>A 15-inch knife with a retractable blade that Simpson purchased at Ross Cutlery in downtown Los Angeles briefly tantalized prosecutors in his criminal trial. They thought it might be the murder weapon, and even asked a coroner to compare that type of blade with the slicing and stabbing wounds of the victims. The fact that no one could locate the knife only added to the intrigue.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But the defense produced the knife -- in an envelope that became known as the \"mystery envelope\" in the preliminary hearing. Forensic tests later revealed that the knife was in pristine condition, with no scratches or bloodstains to suggest it had been used in the vicious double homicide.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Prosecutors in Simpson's criminal trial never introduced it as evidence.\u003c/p>\u003c/blockquote>\n\n",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>Los Angeles police say they're testing a knife that was reportedly found at the estate of O.J. Simpson years after his 1995 acquittal for the stabbing deaths of his former wife and another man.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>According to \u003ca href=\"http://www.tmz.com/2016/03/04/oj-simpson-knife-found-murders-nicole-brown/\" target=\"_blank\">TMZ\u003c/a>, the \u003ca href=\"http://www.latimes.com/local/lanow/la-me-ln-knife-found-on-o-j-simpson-property-being-tested-by-lapd-20160304-story.html\">Los Angeles Times\u003c/a> and other outlets citing police sources, the knife was discovered in 1998 by a worker involved in \u003ca href=\"http://articles.chicagotribune.com/1998-07-30/news/9807300184_1_nicole-simpson-and-goldman-bundy-drive-condominium-ronald-goldman\" target=\"_blank\">the demolition of Simpson's home\u003c/a>. The worker reportedly turned the knife over to a police officer who was working off-duty providing security at a nearby movie location.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But LAPD Capt. Andrew Neiman said in a Friday morning press conference that it wasn't until the last month or so that the Police Department learned of the knife's discovery and obtained it from the officer, who is now retired.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Neiman confirmed that the knife is being tested for DNA. But he also said investigators are checking into the story behind the knife's reported recovery.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"We're not sure if the whole story is bogus from the get-go,\" Neiman told reporters.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Neiman did not identify the officer who is said to have received the knife, and he said the identity of the worker who recovered it is unknown.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Nicole Brown Simpson and a friend, Ron Goldman, were found stabbed to death outside her home in L.A.'s Brentwood neighborhood early the morning of June 12, 1994.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>O.J. Simpson, a native of San Francisco's Potrero Heights, a superstar NFL running back, actor and TV pitchman, was charged with the murders and acquitted in 1995. Under the Constitution's prohibition of double jeopardy, Simpson can't be tried again for the killings.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The grisly nature of the murders, the celebrity and bizarre initial behavior of the suspect and the racial overtones of the murder trial combined to make the case a spectacle that more than 20 years later still commands wide public attention. The case is the subject of a new FX Network series, \"\u003ca href=\"http://www.fxnetworks.com/shows/the-people-v-oj-simpson-american-crime-story/episodes\" target=\"_blank\">The People v. O.J. Simpson.\u003c/a>\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>After his acquittal, Simpson was found liable in a wrongful death lawsuit brought by the families of his two alleged victims. The judgment in the case, $33.5 million, along with his legal fees and the end of his acting and advertising career, led to his loss of the Brentwood estate.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Simpson is now serving \u003ca href=\"http://www.reviewjournal.com/news/nevada/nevada-supreme-court-rejects-oj-simpsons-appeal\" target=\"_blank\">a nine- to 33-year prison sentence\u003c/a> in Nevada for a 2008 conviction on kidnapping and robbery charges.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The \u003ca href=\"http://www.latimes.com/local/lanow/la-me-ln-knife-found-on-o-j-simpson-property-being-tested-by-lapd-20160304-story.html\" target=\"_blank\">Los Angeles Times reports\u003c/a> this reaction to Friday's knife disclosure from one of the lawyers who defended Simpson:\u003c/p>\n\u003cblockquote>\u003cp>Attorney Carl Douglas -- a member of O.J. Simpson's legal \"dream team\" that secured his 1995 acquittal in the deaths of his ex-wife, Nicole Brown Simpson, and her friend Ron Goldman -- on Friday called the story \"ridiculous.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"It's amazing how the world cannot move on from this case!\" Douglas said. \"And it, and the media, is apparently still fascinated by everything O.J. Simpson.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Douglas said he remembers that \"there were indications that two different knives may have been used. One with a straight edge, and one with a serrated edge.\" But he cautions that people sometimes will do anything for 15 minutes of fame.\u003c/p>\u003c/blockquote>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>And the Times also provides \u003ca href=\"http://www.latimes.com/local/lanow/la-me-ln-knife-found-on-o-j-simpson-property-being-tested-by-lapd-20160304-story.html\" target=\"_blank\">some background\u003c/a> on the search for the murder weapon in the Simpson-Goldman murders:\u003c/p>\n\u003cblockquote>\u003cp>Authorities searched for the murder weapon for months after the slayings, and there have been many leads that went cold.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>A 15-inch knife with a retractable blade that Simpson purchased at Ross Cutlery in downtown Los Angeles briefly tantalized prosecutors in his criminal trial. They thought it might be the murder weapon, and even asked a coroner to compare that type of blade with the slicing and stabbing wounds of the victims. The fact that no one could locate the knife only added to the intrigue.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But the defense produced the knife -- in an envelope that became known as the \"mystery envelope\" in the preliminary hearing. Forensic tests later revealed that the knife was in pristine condition, with no scratches or bloodstains to suggest it had been used in the vicious double homicide.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Prosecutors in Simpson's criminal trial never introduced it as evidence.\u003c/p>\u003c/blockquote>\n\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>",
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"disqusTitle": "The Important, Imperfect Science of Counting L.A.'s Homeless",
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"content": "\u003cp>For three days and nights, several thousand volunteers have fanned out across Los Angeles County trying to get an accurate tally of the county's immense homeless population. The Greater Los Angeles Homeless Count is considered the largest such effort in the nation. The count is now done annually, one of several changes intended to make it more efficient and effective.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Conducting a \u003ca href=\"http://www.theycountwillyou.org/\">homeless count \u003c/a>is not easy. Volunteers traipse into dry river bottoms, push through thick brush at public parks and cruise along dimly lit city streets.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[soundcloud url=\"https://api.soundcloud.com/tracks/244233532\" params=\"color=ff5500&auto_play=false&hide_related=false&show_comments=true&show_user=true&show_reposts=false\" width=\"100%\" height=\"166\" iframe=\"true\" /]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Volunteer counters are discouraged from having too much interaction with people -- there’s a more comprehensive census-style survey that is done separately from the actual counting -- or from disturbing people holed up in makeshift outdoor shelters or vehicles.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_10847788\" class=\"wp-caption alignright\" style=\"max-width: 700px\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/news/?attachment_id=10847788\">\u003cimg class=\"wp-image-10847788 size-full\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2016/01/homless-count-the-2015-homeless-count-demographic-survey-p1-normal.gif\" alt=\"The L.A. County annual homeless count includes a more comprehensive census-style survey portion that's done separately from the actual counting.\" width=\"700\" height=\"906\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">The L.A. County annual homeless count includes a more comprehensive census-style survey portion that's done separately from the actual counting. \u003ccite>(Los Angeles County Homeless Authority)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>So volunteers, typically led by members of the \u003ca href=\"http://www.lahsa.org/\">Los Angeles County Homeless Authority’s \u003c/a>street outreach team, typically rely on their own intuition, instinct and internal extrapolation.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>It’s an imperfect science, to be sure.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"The way the count is conducted, it is often done drive-by, right. You're in a car looking for people, but really the people are not to be found,” says Wade Trimmer, director of the \u003ca href=\"http://sfvrescuemission.org/\">San Fernando Rescue Mission\u003c/a>, about 30 miles northeast of downtown L.A.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Trimmer says there’s been a significant spike in the San Fernando Valley’s homeless population. But he doesn’t think it’s accurately reflected in recent L.A. County homeless counts, partly because of how the count is done: mostly at night by relatively inexperienced volunteers.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"If you look at downtown [Los Angeles], it makes a lot of sense to count at night because people are congregated downtown at night,\" says Trimmer.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“It doesn't make as much sense to me to do the count at night in the San Fernando Valley because people are not congregating on the street,\" he says. \"They’re finding a place to sleep, they're in the canyons or behind a building.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>It can be frustrating, says Trimmer, because shelters and other services depend on the data collected during the count. It’s the number cited by local leaders to justify spending more or less of their own resources. It’s how the U.S. Department of Housing and Urban Development figures how much money to give L.A. County.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_10848007\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 800px\">\u003cimg src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2016/01/HomelessFoodLine-800x518.jpg\" alt=\"People wait for a meal outside the Midnight Mission on Skid Row. Roughly half of L.A. County’s homeless live in the city of Los Angeles, several thousand in shelters and on the streets of downtown’s Skid Row. \" width=\"800\" height=\"518\" class=\"size-medium wp-image-10848007\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2016/01/HomelessFoodLine-800x518.jpg 800w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2016/01/HomelessFoodLine-400x259.jpg 400w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2016/01/HomelessFoodLine-768x498.jpg 768w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2016/01/HomelessFoodLine-1440x933.jpg 1440w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2016/01/HomelessFoodLine.jpg 1920w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2016/01/HomelessFoodLine-1180x765.jpg 1180w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2016/01/HomelessFoodLine-960x622.jpg 960w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">People wait for a meal outside the Midnight Mission on Skid Row. Roughly half of L.A. County’s homeless live in the city of Los Angeles, several thousand in shelters and on the streets of downtown’s Skid Row. \u003ccite>(ROBYN BECK/AFP/Getty Images)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>“It helps us advocate for our fair share of funding,” explains L.A. County Homeless Authority spokeswoman Naomi Goldman. \"It's also data that helps us work with the community-based organizations and the homeless service providers to figure out where best to allocate the dollars so that'll do the most impact.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Last year's L.A. County homeless count recorded a 12 percent increase from 2013, or around 41,000 people living on the streets and in shelters across the region.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>More than half of them were living in the city of Los Angeles alone, with the greatest number concentrated in and around downtown’s Skid Row.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[contextly_sidebar id=\"W4TkWX7xJXRwXIBiOWoCKIpIUoxFVAGJ\"]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But the raw numbers are just part of the picture. Just as important, says Todd Palmquist, is a survey portion that works a little like a census survey.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"Certain numbers of the homeless are actually interviewed,\" says Palmquist, former director of the San Gabriel Valley Consortium on Homelessness and a volunteer homeless count coordinator and trainer.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The survey helps identify trends, such as more people living in cars, for example, or spikes in the number of kids or military veterans living on the street.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"It can really give a good idea of populations that are in need of help, and hopefully eventually be able to be used to identify and set up programs to prevent homelessness rather than just help people get out of homelessness,” says Palmquist.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>This year L.A. County shifts to an annual count, a move it hopes results in more consistent data. The count used to be done every other year.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_10848013\" class=\"wp-caption alignleft\" style=\"max-width: 800px\">\u003cimg src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2016/01/SkidRowCartsGuys-800x521.jpg\" alt=\"Many homeless people come to Skid Row because they could not find services in their own communities. Still, recent counts have shown spikes in homelessness in L.A. neighborhoods farther and farther from downtown. Part of the 2016 count included an effort to link people to services.\" width=\"800\" height=\"521\" class=\"size-medium wp-image-10848013\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2016/01/SkidRowCartsGuys.jpg 800w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2016/01/SkidRowCartsGuys-400x261.jpg 400w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2016/01/SkidRowCartsGuys-768x500.jpg 768w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Many homeless people come to Skid Row because they could not find services in their own communities. Still, recent counts have shown spikes in homelessness in L.A. neighborhoods farther and farther from downtown. Part of the 2016 count included an effort to link people to services. \u003ccite>(Steven Cuevas/KQED)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>It's also deploying more teams to far-flung areas of the county where homeless people are harder to find, and expanding efforts to link people to services on the spot. But counts are still done mostly the old-fashioned way, says Wade Trimmer.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Why can't we do the count on the smartphone or do it on a tablet?” wonders Trimmer. “It’s (still) pencil and paper and I have volunteers who are always surprised, who come back and say: 'This is how we do the count?' ”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>LAHSA’s Naomi Goldman says the count is starting to go high tech, though slowly.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"We're always looking to refine and see what can we improve,\" says Goldman. \"We do have parts of the count that are using iPads and Survey Monkey, which will make some of the counting and some of the process a little more streamlined, a little bit faster.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Results of the 2016 Greater Los Angeles Homeless Count should be available by spring.\u003c/p>\n\n",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>For three days and nights, several thousand volunteers have fanned out across Los Angeles County trying to get an accurate tally of the county's immense homeless population. The Greater Los Angeles Homeless Count is considered the largest such effort in the nation. The count is now done annually, one of several changes intended to make it more efficient and effective.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Conducting a \u003ca href=\"http://www.theycountwillyou.org/\">homeless count \u003c/a>is not easy. Volunteers traipse into dry river bottoms, push through thick brush at public parks and cruise along dimly lit city streets.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003cdiv class='utils-parseShortcode-shortcodes-__shortcodes__shortcodeWrapper'>\n \u003ciframe width='100%' height='166'\n scrolling='no' frameborder='no'\n src='https://w.soundcloud.com/player/?url=https://api.soundcloud.com/tracks/244233532&visual=true&color=ff5500&auto_play=false&hide_related=false&show_comments=true&show_user=true&show_reposts=false'\n title='https://api.soundcloud.com/tracks/244233532'>\n \u003c/iframe>\n \u003c/div>\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Volunteer counters are discouraged from having too much interaction with people -- there’s a more comprehensive census-style survey that is done separately from the actual counting -- or from disturbing people holed up in makeshift outdoor shelters or vehicles.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_10847788\" class=\"wp-caption alignright\" style=\"max-width: 700px\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/news/?attachment_id=10847788\">\u003cimg class=\"wp-image-10847788 size-full\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2016/01/homless-count-the-2015-homeless-count-demographic-survey-p1-normal.gif\" alt=\"The L.A. County annual homeless count includes a more comprehensive census-style survey portion that's done separately from the actual counting.\" width=\"700\" height=\"906\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">The L.A. County annual homeless count includes a more comprehensive census-style survey portion that's done separately from the actual counting. \u003ccite>(Los Angeles County Homeless Authority)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>So volunteers, typically led by members of the \u003ca href=\"http://www.lahsa.org/\">Los Angeles County Homeless Authority’s \u003c/a>street outreach team, typically rely on their own intuition, instinct and internal extrapolation.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>It’s an imperfect science, to be sure.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"The way the count is conducted, it is often done drive-by, right. You're in a car looking for people, but really the people are not to be found,” says Wade Trimmer, director of the \u003ca href=\"http://sfvrescuemission.org/\">San Fernando Rescue Mission\u003c/a>, about 30 miles northeast of downtown L.A.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Trimmer says there’s been a significant spike in the San Fernando Valley’s homeless population. But he doesn’t think it’s accurately reflected in recent L.A. County homeless counts, partly because of how the count is done: mostly at night by relatively inexperienced volunteers.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"If you look at downtown [Los Angeles], it makes a lot of sense to count at night because people are congregated downtown at night,\" says Trimmer.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“It doesn't make as much sense to me to do the count at night in the San Fernando Valley because people are not congregating on the street,\" he says. \"They’re finding a place to sleep, they're in the canyons or behind a building.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>It can be frustrating, says Trimmer, because shelters and other services depend on the data collected during the count. It’s the number cited by local leaders to justify spending more or less of their own resources. It’s how the U.S. Department of Housing and Urban Development figures how much money to give L.A. County.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_10848007\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 800px\">\u003cimg src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2016/01/HomelessFoodLine-800x518.jpg\" alt=\"People wait for a meal outside the Midnight Mission on Skid Row. Roughly half of L.A. County’s homeless live in the city of Los Angeles, several thousand in shelters and on the streets of downtown’s Skid Row. \" width=\"800\" height=\"518\" class=\"size-medium wp-image-10848007\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2016/01/HomelessFoodLine-800x518.jpg 800w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2016/01/HomelessFoodLine-400x259.jpg 400w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2016/01/HomelessFoodLine-768x498.jpg 768w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2016/01/HomelessFoodLine-1440x933.jpg 1440w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2016/01/HomelessFoodLine.jpg 1920w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2016/01/HomelessFoodLine-1180x765.jpg 1180w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2016/01/HomelessFoodLine-960x622.jpg 960w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">People wait for a meal outside the Midnight Mission on Skid Row. Roughly half of L.A. County’s homeless live in the city of Los Angeles, several thousand in shelters and on the streets of downtown’s Skid Row. \u003ccite>(ROBYN BECK/AFP/Getty Images)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>“It helps us advocate for our fair share of funding,” explains L.A. County Homeless Authority spokeswoman Naomi Goldman. \"It's also data that helps us work with the community-based organizations and the homeless service providers to figure out where best to allocate the dollars so that'll do the most impact.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Last year's L.A. County homeless count recorded a 12 percent increase from 2013, or around 41,000 people living on the streets and in shelters across the region.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>More than half of them were living in the city of Los Angeles alone, with the greatest number concentrated in and around downtown’s Skid Row.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But the raw numbers are just part of the picture. Just as important, says Todd Palmquist, is a survey portion that works a little like a census survey.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"Certain numbers of the homeless are actually interviewed,\" says Palmquist, former director of the San Gabriel Valley Consortium on Homelessness and a volunteer homeless count coordinator and trainer.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The survey helps identify trends, such as more people living in cars, for example, or spikes in the number of kids or military veterans living on the street.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"It can really give a good idea of populations that are in need of help, and hopefully eventually be able to be used to identify and set up programs to prevent homelessness rather than just help people get out of homelessness,” says Palmquist.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>This year L.A. County shifts to an annual count, a move it hopes results in more consistent data. The count used to be done every other year.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_10848013\" class=\"wp-caption alignleft\" style=\"max-width: 800px\">\u003cimg src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2016/01/SkidRowCartsGuys-800x521.jpg\" alt=\"Many homeless people come to Skid Row because they could not find services in their own communities. Still, recent counts have shown spikes in homelessness in L.A. neighborhoods farther and farther from downtown. Part of the 2016 count included an effort to link people to services.\" width=\"800\" height=\"521\" class=\"size-medium wp-image-10848013\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2016/01/SkidRowCartsGuys.jpg 800w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2016/01/SkidRowCartsGuys-400x261.jpg 400w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2016/01/SkidRowCartsGuys-768x500.jpg 768w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Many homeless people come to Skid Row because they could not find services in their own communities. Still, recent counts have shown spikes in homelessness in L.A. neighborhoods farther and farther from downtown. Part of the 2016 count included an effort to link people to services. \u003ccite>(Steven Cuevas/KQED)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>It's also deploying more teams to far-flung areas of the county where homeless people are harder to find, and expanding efforts to link people to services on the spot. But counts are still done mostly the old-fashioned way, says Wade Trimmer.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Why can't we do the count on the smartphone or do it on a tablet?” wonders Trimmer. “It’s (still) pencil and paper and I have volunteers who are always surprised, who come back and say: 'This is how we do the count?' ”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>LAHSA’s Naomi Goldman says the count is starting to go high tech, though slowly.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"We're always looking to refine and see what can we improve,\" says Goldman. \"We do have parts of the count that are using iPads and Survey Monkey, which will make some of the counting and some of the process a little more streamlined, a little bit faster.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Results of the 2016 Greater Los Angeles Homeless Count should be available by spring.\u003c/p>\n\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>",
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"error": null
},
"userAgentReducer": {
"userAgent": "Mozilla/5.0 AppleWebKit/537.36 (KHTML, like Gecko; compatible; ClaudeBot/1.0; +claudebot@anthropic.com)",
"isBot": true
},
"requestOutcomesReducer": {
"notFound": []
}
}
