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"content": "\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_15537\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 640px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-full wp-image-15537\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2014/03/5647867669_916b214f92_b-e1395333551140.jpg\" alt=\"By studying sea lions suffering from epilepsy, we may learn more about seizures in humans. (lowjumpingfrog/Flickr)\" width=\"640\" height=\"360\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">By studying sea lions suffering from epilepsy, scientists may learn more about seizures in humans. (\u003ca href=\"http://www.flickr.com/photos/jenorton/5647867669/\">lowjumpingfrog/Flickr\u003c/a>)\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Some sea lions suffer from a form of epilepsy that bears a striking resemblance to epilepsy in humans. That insight could help scientists develop treatments and eventually find a cure for \u003ca href=\"http://www.epilepsyfoundation.org/aboutepilepsy/syndromes/temporallobeepilepsy.cfm\">temporal lobe epilepsy\u003c/a>, one of the most common forms that people get.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>California sea lions can get seizures and eventually develop epilepsy when they’re exposed to \u003ca href=\"http://www.marinemammalcenter.org/science/top-research-projects/domoic-acid-toxicity.html\">domoic acid\u003c/a>, a toxin produced by some algae blooms. The Marine Mammal Center in Marin County treats sea lions suffering from seizures, but in some cases has to euthanize them.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>I talked with Dr. Paul Buckmaster, a neurologist at Stanford University who’s studying the sea lions at the Marine Mammal Center. This is an edited version of our conversation.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Why is this comparison with people important? \u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003caside class=\"pullquote alignleft\">‘We’re still trying to understand what causes seizures in people with temporal lobe epilepsy.’\u003c/aside>\n\u003cp>It’s important for the sea lions because it gives us a better understanding of what’s causing their epilepsy as well as the behavioral problems they show after being exposed to the toxin. Those problems are so severe that those animals will suffer if they’re released—they will starve to death. Now, they’re being euthanized—in a way, to prevent their suffering. It’s a really serious problem for them.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>It’s important for people because we’re still trying to understand what causes seizures in people with temporal lobe epilepsy. One of the main ways we study that is by studying mice and rats, but the brain damage in mice and rats is not as similar to people as the brain damage in sea lions. So we might be able to learn more about human temporal lobe epilepsy by studying the sea lions.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>What are the next steps in your research?\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>One of the areas that we’re working on now is to widen our view. Instead of just focusing on one part of the brain—the part that’s most damaged in sea lions and in humans—we’re looking at other parts of the brain as well. We might get some clues because we can get better images of the brains of sea lions than we can of people anatomically. We’re able to preserve the tissue better. We can also use additional stains and look at more areas of the brain than we can in people with temporal lobe epilepsy.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>If we find some parts that might be damaged in sea lions that haven’t been recognized in people yet, we can direct the clinicians towards those areas, and say, “Look in these spots as well. See if you can find anything using non-invasive imaging techniques.” We might find some additional areas that are damaged that might be important and contribute to the seizures that people have.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Are there any connections between domoic acid and epilepsy in humans?\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In humans, there was an outbreak in the late ’80s when a bunch of people ate this toxin because it was in the shellfish they were eating. This was in the Montreal area, and the mussels came from Prince Edward Island where they were cultivated. A lot of people became sick. They had gastrointestinal symptoms. Some of the more severe cases also had seizures and memory loss. In some cases, that memory loss was permanent. They couldn’t make new memories after that. One of those patients who had the severe symptoms later developed epilepsy. So it’s possible for people to develop epilepsy if they eat this poison. But now seafood that’s available in restaurants and seafood stores is screened.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Is there a possible treatment for the sea lions?\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>No, there’s not. That’s what’s really frustrating about this. In people, if they had developed epilepsy after eating the toxin, you would prescribe them anticonvulsant drugs. Then, they could take those on a daily basis to help control their seizures. We can’t do that with sea lions. The sea lions are wild animals. They are only at the Marine Mammal Center for treatment and rehabilitation, and then they must be released. There’s no way for them to continue treatment.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>How are different populations of sea lions and other animals affected?\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Algae has population explosions called algal blooms. There are general trends, but they’re harder to predict on a finer timescale. They occur in focal areas along the coast, and if a sea lion is in the wrong place at the wrong time, they can be exposed and become intoxicated from the algae-made domoic acid. Other species are affected as well, not just sea lions. This was reported to cause a bunch of birds to die. Early on that was reported in the Santa Cruz area, there were brown pelicans and cormorants that were affected from the toxin.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>It’s also suspected — and there are some anecdotal reports — of it killing dolphins and possibly whales. In those cases and others as well, if the animal is affected but it just dies and sinks to the bottom of the ocean, no one might recognize it. With the sea lions, in many cases, they’re able to get to the shore where they’re found having seizures. Part of the reason it might seem more common in sea lions, it’s just recognized more frequently in sea lions because they’re abundant and they tend to end up in places where people will find them.\u003c/p>\n\n",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_15537\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 640px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-full wp-image-15537\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2014/03/5647867669_916b214f92_b-e1395333551140.jpg\" alt=\"By studying sea lions suffering from epilepsy, we may learn more about seizures in humans. (lowjumpingfrog/Flickr)\" width=\"640\" height=\"360\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">By studying sea lions suffering from epilepsy, scientists may learn more about seizures in humans. (\u003ca href=\"http://www.flickr.com/photos/jenorton/5647867669/\">lowjumpingfrog/Flickr\u003c/a>)\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Some sea lions suffer from a form of epilepsy that bears a striking resemblance to epilepsy in humans. That insight could help scientists develop treatments and eventually find a cure for \u003ca href=\"http://www.epilepsyfoundation.org/aboutepilepsy/syndromes/temporallobeepilepsy.cfm\">temporal lobe epilepsy\u003c/a>, one of the most common forms that people get.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>California sea lions can get seizures and eventually develop epilepsy when they’re exposed to \u003ca href=\"http://www.marinemammalcenter.org/science/top-research-projects/domoic-acid-toxicity.html\">domoic acid\u003c/a>, a toxin produced by some algae blooms. The Marine Mammal Center in Marin County treats sea lions suffering from seizures, but in some cases has to euthanize them.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>I talked with Dr. Paul Buckmaster, a neurologist at Stanford University who’s studying the sea lions at the Marine Mammal Center. This is an edited version of our conversation.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Why is this comparison with people important? \u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003caside class=\"pullquote alignleft\">‘We’re still trying to understand what causes seizures in people with temporal lobe epilepsy.’\u003c/aside>\n\u003cp>It’s important for the sea lions because it gives us a better understanding of what’s causing their epilepsy as well as the behavioral problems they show after being exposed to the toxin. Those problems are so severe that those animals will suffer if they’re released—they will starve to death. Now, they’re being euthanized—in a way, to prevent their suffering. It’s a really serious problem for them.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>It’s important for people because we’re still trying to understand what causes seizures in people with temporal lobe epilepsy. One of the main ways we study that is by studying mice and rats, but the brain damage in mice and rats is not as similar to people as the brain damage in sea lions. So we might be able to learn more about human temporal lobe epilepsy by studying the sea lions.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>What are the next steps in your research?\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>One of the areas that we’re working on now is to widen our view. Instead of just focusing on one part of the brain—the part that’s most damaged in sea lions and in humans—we’re looking at other parts of the brain as well. We might get some clues because we can get better images of the brains of sea lions than we can of people anatomically. We’re able to preserve the tissue better. We can also use additional stains and look at more areas of the brain than we can in people with temporal lobe epilepsy.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>If we find some parts that might be damaged in sea lions that haven’t been recognized in people yet, we can direct the clinicians towards those areas, and say, “Look in these spots as well. See if you can find anything using non-invasive imaging techniques.” We might find some additional areas that are damaged that might be important and contribute to the seizures that people have.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Are there any connections between domoic acid and epilepsy in humans?\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In humans, there was an outbreak in the late ’80s when a bunch of people ate this toxin because it was in the shellfish they were eating. This was in the Montreal area, and the mussels came from Prince Edward Island where they were cultivated. A lot of people became sick. They had gastrointestinal symptoms. Some of the more severe cases also had seizures and memory loss. In some cases, that memory loss was permanent. They couldn’t make new memories after that. One of those patients who had the severe symptoms later developed epilepsy. So it’s possible for people to develop epilepsy if they eat this poison. But now seafood that’s available in restaurants and seafood stores is screened.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Is there a possible treatment for the sea lions?\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>No, there’s not. That’s what’s really frustrating about this. In people, if they had developed epilepsy after eating the toxin, you would prescribe them anticonvulsant drugs. Then, they could take those on a daily basis to help control their seizures. We can’t do that with sea lions. The sea lions are wild animals. They are only at the Marine Mammal Center for treatment and rehabilitation, and then they must be released. There’s no way for them to continue treatment.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>How are different populations of sea lions and other animals affected?\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Algae has population explosions called algal blooms. There are general trends, but they’re harder to predict on a finer timescale. They occur in focal areas along the coast, and if a sea lion is in the wrong place at the wrong time, they can be exposed and become intoxicated from the algae-made domoic acid. Other species are affected as well, not just sea lions. This was reported to cause a bunch of birds to die. Early on that was reported in the Santa Cruz area, there were brown pelicans and cormorants that were affected from the toxin.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>It’s also suspected — and there are some anecdotal reports — of it killing dolphins and possibly whales. In those cases and others as well, if the animal is affected but it just dies and sinks to the bottom of the ocean, no one might recognize it. With the sea lions, in many cases, they’re able to get to the shore where they’re found having seizures. Part of the reason it might seem more common in sea lions, it’s just recognized more frequently in sea lions because they’re abundant and they tend to end up in places where people will find them.\u003c/p>\n\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>",
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"title": "San Francisco Approves E-Cigarette Regulations",
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"content": "\u003cp>\u003cstrong>By Mina Kim and Lisa Pickoff-White\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_128675\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 640px\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2014/03/RS9066_470756133-lpr.jpg\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-medium wp-image-128675\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2014/03/RS9066_470756133-lpr-640x426.jpg\" alt=\"Julia Boyle enjoys an electronic cigarette at the Vapor Shark store. (Joe Raedle/Getty Images))\" width=\"640\" height=\"426\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Julia Boyle enjoys an electronic cigarette at the Vapor Shark store. (Joe Raedle/Getty Images))\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Update March 19:\u003c/strong> The San Francisco Board of Supervisors unanimously voted on Tuesday to treat electronic cigarettes as regular cigarettes, effectively banning them at bars, restaurants and businesses. Sellers will also have to secure a special permit, and e-cigarettes can’t be sold at pharmacies and other businesses where tobacco sales are banned.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Original story:\u003c/strong> A committee of the San Francisco Board of Supervisors debated on Thursday afternoon (March 7) whether to restrict the use of electronic cigarettes to areas where smoking tobacco is allowed. Supporters and opponents packed the room.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“The VA Medical Center recommended I try e-cigarettes to stop smoking,” Michael Barger said during public comments. “Within three weeks I stopped, and now this is my vaporizer.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Several other cities around the country already have restricted e-cigarettes, the battery-powered devices that heat up liquid nicotine so that the vapor can be inhaled. On Tuesday, Los Angeles City Council members placed “vaping” in the same category as tobacco smoking. Long Beach then passed a stricter ordinance, also banning shops and “vaping” lounges. Richmond passed a ban in December. Some states also are considering regulations, and a U.S. Senate bill introduced last month would curb electronic cigarette marketing while the fast-growing industry awaits regulation by the Food and Drug Administration.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Thursday’s hearing coincided with the release of a \u003ca href=\"http://archpedi.jamanetwork.com/article.aspx?articleid=1840772\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">UC San Francisco study\u003c/a> that found teens who try e-cigarettes are more likely to try cigarettes as well.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“We found that e-cigarettes were associated with more, not less, cigarette smoking among adolescents,” said lead author Lauren Dutra, a postdoctoral fellow at the UCSF \u003ca href=\"http://tobacco.ucsf.edu/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Center for Tobacco Control Research and Education\u003c/a>. “E-cigarettes are likely to be gateway devices for nicotine addiction among youth, opening up a whole new market for tobacco.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The study analyzed responses from U.S. middle and high school students to the 2011 and 2012 National Youth Tobacco Survey. The study didn’t examine whether youths initiated smoking with conventional cigarettes or e-cigarettes. But the authors noted that about 20 percent of middle school students and about 7 percent of high school students who had ever used e-cigarettes had never smoked regular cigarettes, which indicates that some kids are introduced to the addictive drug nicotine through e-cigarettes, the authors said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“I can’t tell you, for example, that e-cigarettes cause smoking among adolescents,” Dutra said. “But what we saw is among e-cig users, they were more likely to be cigarette smokers. Those who use e-cigs and conventional tobacco cigs were less likely to quit smoking, even though they reported being more likely to be planning to quit in the next year. They were also more likely to be heavier smokers.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The legislation could be considered by the full board on Tuesday.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003ciframe loading=\"lazy\" src=\"https://w.soundcloud.com/player/?url=https%3A//api.soundcloud.com/tracks/138312815&color=ff5500&auto_play=false&hide_related=false&show_artwork=true\" frameborder=\"no\" scrolling=\"no\" width=\"100%\" height=\"166\">\u003c/iframe>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>The Associated Press also contributed to this report.\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\n",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>\u003cstrong>By Mina Kim and Lisa Pickoff-White\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_128675\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 640px\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2014/03/RS9066_470756133-lpr.jpg\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-medium wp-image-128675\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2014/03/RS9066_470756133-lpr-640x426.jpg\" alt=\"Julia Boyle enjoys an electronic cigarette at the Vapor Shark store. (Joe Raedle/Getty Images))\" width=\"640\" height=\"426\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Julia Boyle enjoys an electronic cigarette at the Vapor Shark store. (Joe Raedle/Getty Images))\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Update March 19:\u003c/strong> The San Francisco Board of Supervisors unanimously voted on Tuesday to treat electronic cigarettes as regular cigarettes, effectively banning them at bars, restaurants and businesses. Sellers will also have to secure a special permit, and e-cigarettes can’t be sold at pharmacies and other businesses where tobacco sales are banned.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Original story:\u003c/strong> A committee of the San Francisco Board of Supervisors debated on Thursday afternoon (March 7) whether to restrict the use of electronic cigarettes to areas where smoking tobacco is allowed. Supporters and opponents packed the room.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“The VA Medical Center recommended I try e-cigarettes to stop smoking,” Michael Barger said during public comments. “Within three weeks I stopped, and now this is my vaporizer.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Several other cities around the country already have restricted e-cigarettes, the battery-powered devices that heat up liquid nicotine so that the vapor can be inhaled. On Tuesday, Los Angeles City Council members placed “vaping” in the same category as tobacco smoking. Long Beach then passed a stricter ordinance, also banning shops and “vaping” lounges. Richmond passed a ban in December. Some states also are considering regulations, and a U.S. Senate bill introduced last month would curb electronic cigarette marketing while the fast-growing industry awaits regulation by the Food and Drug Administration.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Thursday’s hearing coincided with the release of a \u003ca href=\"http://archpedi.jamanetwork.com/article.aspx?articleid=1840772\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">UC San Francisco study\u003c/a> that found teens who try e-cigarettes are more likely to try cigarettes as well.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“We found that e-cigarettes were associated with more, not less, cigarette smoking among adolescents,” said lead author Lauren Dutra, a postdoctoral fellow at the UCSF \u003ca href=\"http://tobacco.ucsf.edu/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Center for Tobacco Control Research and Education\u003c/a>. “E-cigarettes are likely to be gateway devices for nicotine addiction among youth, opening up a whole new market for tobacco.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The study analyzed responses from U.S. middle and high school students to the 2011 and 2012 National Youth Tobacco Survey. The study didn’t examine whether youths initiated smoking with conventional cigarettes or e-cigarettes. But the authors noted that about 20 percent of middle school students and about 7 percent of high school students who had ever used e-cigarettes had never smoked regular cigarettes, which indicates that some kids are introduced to the addictive drug nicotine through e-cigarettes, the authors said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“I can’t tell you, for example, that e-cigarettes cause smoking among adolescents,” Dutra said. “But what we saw is among e-cig users, they were more likely to be cigarette smokers. Those who use e-cigs and conventional tobacco cigs were less likely to quit smoking, even though they reported being more likely to be planning to quit in the next year. They were also more likely to be heavier smokers.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The legislation could be considered by the full board on Tuesday.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003ciframe loading=\"lazy\" src=\"https://w.soundcloud.com/player/?url=https%3A//api.soundcloud.com/tracks/138312815&color=ff5500&auto_play=false&hide_related=false&show_artwork=true\" frameborder=\"no\" scrolling=\"no\" width=\"100%\" height=\"166\">\u003c/iframe>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>The Associated Press also contributed to this report.\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>",
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"title": "Bay Area Obamacare Enrollment Fairs Offer Signup Help as Deadline Approaches",
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"content": "\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_129803\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 640px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-full wp-image-129803\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2014/03/ObamacareSignup.jpg\" alt=\"ACA enrollment fair signup\" width=\"640\" height=\"360\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">A health care reform specialist helps people select insurance plans at an Affordable Care Act (ACA) enrollment fair. (David McNew/Getty Images)\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>By Bay City News Service\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>With the deadline to sign up for health insurance through Medi-Cal or Covered California approaching rapidly, Bay Area residents are being offered some face-to-face assistance in getting enrolled.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The Service Employees International Union-United Healthcare Workers West, a health care workers union with 150,000 members, is offering five free health care enrollment fairs in the Bay Area this week, starting with events in San Francisco and Hayward this afternoon.\u003cbr>\nThe fairs offer information and face-to-face help in signing up for free or low-cost health insurance, according to union spokesman Sean Wherley. Those who currently lack insurance are required to either sign up for Medi-Cal, for those who are eligible, or purchase insurance through the state’s health care exchange, Covered California.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Wherley said the union has been holding the fairs since October, but attendance is expected to go up as the March 31 deadline for enrollment approaches.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“We’re seeing numbers go up with each passing week, and we think there will be quite a spike before the deadline,” Wherley said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Those who fail to enroll by the deadline and who do not already have health insurance will be charged a fine of $95 or 1 percent of their income, whichever is higher, Wherley said. Only those who make too little to pay income taxes will escape the fine.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In addition, those who miss the deadline will not be able to enroll until the next open enrollment period starts on Nov. 15.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Covered California officials announced on Monday that more than 1 million people statewide had signed up for health care coverage through the state exchange.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“It speaks to the immense need for the Affordable Care Act and the millions of people who have been waiting for affordable coverage,” said Covered California Executive Director Peter Lee in a statement issued Monday.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Covered California officials urged consumers to sign up quickly, saying that a rush of last-minute applications could make the online enrollment process slow.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Those looking for more information and access to online enrollment can go to www.CoveredCA.com.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Today’s SEIU health care enrollment fairs will take place from 3 to 7 p.m. at 1338 Mission St. in San Francisco, and from 4 to 8 p.m. at 27689 Tyrrell Ave. in Hayward.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Additional events are planned on Wednesday in Napa and on Saturday in San Francisco and Concord.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>For more information on the health care fairs, go to www.seiu-uhw.org/fairs.\u003c/p>\n\n",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_129803\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 640px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-full wp-image-129803\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2014/03/ObamacareSignup.jpg\" alt=\"ACA enrollment fair signup\" width=\"640\" height=\"360\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">A health care reform specialist helps people select insurance plans at an Affordable Care Act (ACA) enrollment fair. (David McNew/Getty Images)\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>By Bay City News Service\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>With the deadline to sign up for health insurance through Medi-Cal or Covered California approaching rapidly, Bay Area residents are being offered some face-to-face assistance in getting enrolled.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The Service Employees International Union-United Healthcare Workers West, a health care workers union with 150,000 members, is offering five free health care enrollment fairs in the Bay Area this week, starting with events in San Francisco and Hayward this afternoon.\u003cbr>\nThe fairs offer information and face-to-face help in signing up for free or low-cost health insurance, according to union spokesman Sean Wherley. Those who currently lack insurance are required to either sign up for Medi-Cal, for those who are eligible, or purchase insurance through the state’s health care exchange, Covered California.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Wherley said the union has been holding the fairs since October, but attendance is expected to go up as the March 31 deadline for enrollment approaches.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“We’re seeing numbers go up with each passing week, and we think there will be quite a spike before the deadline,” Wherley said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Those who fail to enroll by the deadline and who do not already have health insurance will be charged a fine of $95 or 1 percent of their income, whichever is higher, Wherley said. Only those who make too little to pay income taxes will escape the fine.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In addition, those who miss the deadline will not be able to enroll until the next open enrollment period starts on Nov. 15.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Covered California officials announced on Monday that more than 1 million people statewide had signed up for health care coverage through the state exchange.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“It speaks to the immense need for the Affordable Care Act and the millions of people who have been waiting for affordable coverage,” said Covered California Executive Director Peter Lee in a statement issued Monday.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Covered California officials urged consumers to sign up quickly, saying that a rush of last-minute applications could make the online enrollment process slow.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Those looking for more information and access to online enrollment can go to www.CoveredCA.com.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Today’s SEIU health care enrollment fairs will take place from 3 to 7 p.m. at 1338 Mission St. in San Francisco, and from 4 to 8 p.m. at 27689 Tyrrell Ave. in Hayward.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Additional events are planned on Wednesday in Napa and on Saturday in San Francisco and Concord.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>For more information on the health care fairs, go to www.seiu-uhw.org/fairs.\u003c/p>\n\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>",
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"content": "\u003cp>It's still early days. The first open enrollment of the Obamacare marketplaces is ongoing. But the Covered California marketplace is more competitive than the 2012 individual market, according to a \u003ca href=\"http://kff.org/health-reform/issue-brief/sizing-up-exchange-market-competition/\" target=\"_blank\">new analysis\u003c/a> from the Kaiser Family Foundation. Entirely by coincidence, the study, released Monday, coincided with the news that Covered California \u003ca href=\"http://news.coveredca.com/2014/03/covered-california-reaches-1-million.html\" target=\"_blank\">had passed the million mark\u003c/a> in enrollment.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Analysts looked at exchange data from seven states, including California. Enrollment for people buying outside exchanges, on the individual market, will not be available until later this year or early 2015, Cynthia Cox, one of the foundation's analysts noted.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"California had a highly concentrated market before the ACA,\" Cox said. But the Covered California marketplace has both more companies with greater than 5 percent market share and the percentage marketshare of the largest company has declined, as shown in this graph from the study:\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_18161\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 640px\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/stateofhealth/wp-content/uploads/sites/27/2014/03/Screen-Shot-2014-03-17-at-12.24.49-PM-e1395084542155.png\">\u003cimg class=\"size-large wp-image-18161\" title=\"\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/stateofhealth/wp-content/uploads/sites/27/2014/03/Screen-Shot-2014-03-17-at-12.24.49-PM-640x517.png\" alt=\"(Kaiser Family Foundation)\" width=\"640\" height=\"517\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">(Kaiser Family Foundation)\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>\u003c!--more-->Anthem Blue Cross had nearly half (47 percent) of the individual market in 2012, but 30 percent of the Covered California market, as of Jan. 31. Health Net, conversely, has seen its marketshare increase substantially.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"Very much so,\" Cox said. \"It was only a tiny fraction before [3 percent] and now it controls over a fifth, and it's largely because they priced relatively low in Southern California.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Health Net now \u003ca href=\"https://www.coveredca.com/news/PDFs/JanRegionalEnrollmentTables.pdf\" target=\"_blank\">leads enrollment\u003c/a> in San Diego and part of Los Angeles county. In other parts of southern California, Health Net is second in enrollment. Cox said that Covered California is the only state exchange, so far, to release regional data. It is at the local level where \"competition among insurers truly takes place,\" the analysts noted in their report. The information from Covered California \"helps us to understand the details of pricing dynamics in California,\" Cox said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Darrel Ng, a spokesman for Anthem Blue Cross, did not seem overly worried. In an email, he pointed out that the analysis was done with two months still to go in open enrollment and did not look at either the non-exchange market or enrollment in grandfathered plans. \"It's premature to draw any conclusions,\" he wrote. \"Market share has changed substantially as more have enrolled via Covered California, and it's reasonable to expect that this will continue as open enrollment concludes.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Cox said that even with the additional data about the non-exchange market by early next year, it still won't tell us the whole story. \"It will probably be at least two to three years before we're really able to know how much the ACA is changing insurance market competition,\" she said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Time will also show whether those insurers that offered plans at lower premiums can maintain those prices -- or if they will have to raise prices once they start paying claims, Cox said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Jenn Moore, a vice president at Health Net who oversees exchange business, is confident the company will stay the course. “The intention was that we would bid a sustainable price over the long term,” she said and cited Health Net's partnership with \"a very strong provider network\" as well as educational efforts to help consumers efficiently use the system in its efforts to keep premiums low going forward.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>While this early analysis shows California -- and New York -- are seeing a more competitive environment, other states are not faring as well. In Connecticut, Wellpoint, the parent company of Anthem Blue Cross, has increased its market share from 45 percent to 60 percent.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Th\u003c/strong>\u003cstrong>is post has been updated to include comments from Health Net.\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[contextly_auto_sidebar id=\"Cq1qPApycsTF7WYdQyTgGQjR6d3BDpsA\"]\u003c/p>\n\n",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>It's still early days. The first open enrollment of the Obamacare marketplaces is ongoing. But the Covered California marketplace is more competitive than the 2012 individual market, according to a \u003ca href=\"http://kff.org/health-reform/issue-brief/sizing-up-exchange-market-competition/\" target=\"_blank\">new analysis\u003c/a> from the Kaiser Family Foundation. Entirely by coincidence, the study, released Monday, coincided with the news that Covered California \u003ca href=\"http://news.coveredca.com/2014/03/covered-california-reaches-1-million.html\" target=\"_blank\">had passed the million mark\u003c/a> in enrollment.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Analysts looked at exchange data from seven states, including California. Enrollment for people buying outside exchanges, on the individual market, will not be available until later this year or early 2015, Cynthia Cox, one of the foundation's analysts noted.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"California had a highly concentrated market before the ACA,\" Cox said. But the Covered California marketplace has both more companies with greater than 5 percent market share and the percentage marketshare of the largest company has declined, as shown in this graph from the study:\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_18161\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 640px\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/stateofhealth/wp-content/uploads/sites/27/2014/03/Screen-Shot-2014-03-17-at-12.24.49-PM-e1395084542155.png\">\u003cimg class=\"size-large wp-image-18161\" title=\"\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/stateofhealth/wp-content/uploads/sites/27/2014/03/Screen-Shot-2014-03-17-at-12.24.49-PM-640x517.png\" alt=\"(Kaiser Family Foundation)\" width=\"640\" height=\"517\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">(Kaiser Family Foundation)\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>\u003c!--more-->Anthem Blue Cross had nearly half (47 percent) of the individual market in 2012, but 30 percent of the Covered California market, as of Jan. 31. Health Net, conversely, has seen its marketshare increase substantially.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"Very much so,\" Cox said. \"It was only a tiny fraction before [3 percent] and now it controls over a fifth, and it's largely because they priced relatively low in Southern California.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Health Net now \u003ca href=\"https://www.coveredca.com/news/PDFs/JanRegionalEnrollmentTables.pdf\" target=\"_blank\">leads enrollment\u003c/a> in San Diego and part of Los Angeles county. In other parts of southern California, Health Net is second in enrollment. Cox said that Covered California is the only state exchange, so far, to release regional data. It is at the local level where \"competition among insurers truly takes place,\" the analysts noted in their report. The information from Covered California \"helps us to understand the details of pricing dynamics in California,\" Cox said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Darrel Ng, a spokesman for Anthem Blue Cross, did not seem overly worried. In an email, he pointed out that the analysis was done with two months still to go in open enrollment and did not look at either the non-exchange market or enrollment in grandfathered plans. \"It's premature to draw any conclusions,\" he wrote. \"Market share has changed substantially as more have enrolled via Covered California, and it's reasonable to expect that this will continue as open enrollment concludes.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Cox said that even with the additional data about the non-exchange market by early next year, it still won't tell us the whole story. \"It will probably be at least two to three years before we're really able to know how much the ACA is changing insurance market competition,\" she said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Time will also show whether those insurers that offered plans at lower premiums can maintain those prices -- or if they will have to raise prices once they start paying claims, Cox said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Jenn Moore, a vice president at Health Net who oversees exchange business, is confident the company will stay the course. “The intention was that we would bid a sustainable price over the long term,” she said and cited Health Net's partnership with \"a very strong provider network\" as well as educational efforts to help consumers efficiently use the system in its efforts to keep premiums low going forward.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>While this early analysis shows California -- and New York -- are seeing a more competitive environment, other states are not faring as well. In Connecticut, Wellpoint, the parent company of Anthem Blue Cross, has increased its market share from 45 percent to 60 percent.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Th\u003c/strong>\u003cstrong>is post has been updated to include comments from Health Net.\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[contextly_auto_sidebar id=\"Cq1qPApycsTF7WYdQyTgGQjR6d3BDpsA\"]\u003c/p>\n\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>",
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"content": "\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Lance Knobel\u003cbr>\n\u003ca href=\"http://www.berkeleyside.com/2014/03/14/berkeley-likes-taxing-soda-but-support-for-parks-pools-lags/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Berkeleyside\u003c/a>\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_129641\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 640px\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2014/03/Big-Soda-council.jpg\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-medium wp-image-129641\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2014/03/Big-Soda-council-640x374.jpg\" alt=\"Proponents of a soda tax were out in force when Berkeley City Council first considered the measure last month. (Lance Knobel/Berkeleyside)\" width=\"640\" height=\"374\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Proponents of a soda tax were out in force when Berkeley City Council first considered the measure last month. (Lance Knobel/Berkeleyside)\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Berkeleyans seem eager to enact a new tax on sugar-sweetened drinks, but less likely to support other potential ballot measures being considered by the City Council.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>A community survey of just over 500 voters taken last week showed healthy majorities for the so-called soda tax, whether it was for a new general tax or a special tax. In contrast, measures to increase the business license tax for landlords, establish a commercial vacancy tax, increase the parks parcel tax, and issue a pools bond failed to reach majorities or just crossed 50 percent support. City Council members said that support for measures often declines from levels indicated in community surveys.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“The sugar tax hit the sweet spot,” said Councilman Laurie Capitelli, who is on the community committee pushing for the tax. “For me, it’s disappointing that the parks question in particular fared so poorly.”\u003c/p>\n\u003caside class=\"pullquote alignleft\">Sixty-six percent of survey respondents approve of a tax with money directed toward the general fund.\u003c/aside>\n\u003cp>Four of the questions on the survey focused on the sugar-sweetened drinks tax, which is expected to face a well-funded opposition from the beverages industry. When respondents were asked whether they would support a tax of 1 cent per ounce going to the general fund, 66 percent said yes. Asked about a special tax, with revenues dedicated to health and nutrition programs, 64 percent said yes. A general tax requires a simple majority vote, while a special tax requires two-thirds support.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Raising the tax to 2 cents per ounce reduced support to 55 percent for the general tax and 59 percent for the special tax. Reading respondents arguments for and against, before posing the question, produced very little change in the results.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>A similar ballot measure is likely in San Francisco this November. San Francisco supporters are planning to focus on a special tax, despite the two-thirds hurdle. The measures on both sides of the bay are likely to attract a particular barrage of opposition from the beverage industry.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Both of us having it on the ballot will work against us,” admitted Capitelli. He said the well-funded opponents will buy regional media.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In contrast, raising the parks parcel tax by 10 percent ($29 per year for an average 1,900 square foot house) attracted only 54 percent support. A parcel tax measure requires two-thirds support to pass. A proposal for a $25 million bond issue for pools and parks, including reopening Willard Pool, was supported by only 52 percent. For the measure to pass, it would need two-thirds majority in favor.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Survey respondents were also asked some general questions about Berkeley. Sixty-three percent said “things in the city of Berkeley are going in the right direction.” Only 13 percent said “things are on the wrong track” (24 percent responded “don’t know”).\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>When asked to rate the job Berkeley is doing providing city services, 14 percent responded excellent, 55 percent responded good. Slightly less than a quarter, 23 percent, said fair and 5 percent said poor.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>When asked about areas where Berkeley might need to invest, 31 percent said providing affordable housing was extremely important, and 31 percent rated improving children’s health as extremely important. Only 7 percent said renovating swimming pools or improving parks and playgrounds was extremely important.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Forty-six percent of the respondents were men and 54 percent were women; 67 percent of respondents were white and 10 percent were black; 39 percent were over 60 and 20 percent were under 30. All respondents were required to be likely voters in the November 2014 election.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>KQED News Associate \u003ca href=\"http://www.berkeleyside.com/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Berkeleyside\u003c/a> is an independently owned news website based in Berkeley, Calif. \u003ca href=\"http://eepurl.com/lh_3b\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Click here\u003c/a> if you would you like to receive the latest Berkeley news in your inbox once a day for free with Berkeleyside’s Daily Briefing email.\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\n",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Lance Knobel\u003cbr>\n\u003ca href=\"http://www.berkeleyside.com/2014/03/14/berkeley-likes-taxing-soda-but-support-for-parks-pools-lags/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Berkeleyside\u003c/a>\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_129641\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 640px\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2014/03/Big-Soda-council.jpg\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-medium wp-image-129641\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2014/03/Big-Soda-council-640x374.jpg\" alt=\"Proponents of a soda tax were out in force when Berkeley City Council first considered the measure last month. (Lance Knobel/Berkeleyside)\" width=\"640\" height=\"374\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Proponents of a soda tax were out in force when Berkeley City Council first considered the measure last month. (Lance Knobel/Berkeleyside)\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Berkeleyans seem eager to enact a new tax on sugar-sweetened drinks, but less likely to support other potential ballot measures being considered by the City Council.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>A community survey of just over 500 voters taken last week showed healthy majorities for the so-called soda tax, whether it was for a new general tax or a special tax. In contrast, measures to increase the business license tax for landlords, establish a commercial vacancy tax, increase the parks parcel tax, and issue a pools bond failed to reach majorities or just crossed 50 percent support. City Council members said that support for measures often declines from levels indicated in community surveys.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“The sugar tax hit the sweet spot,” said Councilman Laurie Capitelli, who is on the community committee pushing for the tax. “For me, it’s disappointing that the parks question in particular fared so poorly.”\u003c/p>\n\u003caside class=\"pullquote alignleft\">Sixty-six percent of survey respondents approve of a tax with money directed toward the general fund.\u003c/aside>\n\u003cp>Four of the questions on the survey focused on the sugar-sweetened drinks tax, which is expected to face a well-funded opposition from the beverages industry. When respondents were asked whether they would support a tax of 1 cent per ounce going to the general fund, 66 percent said yes. Asked about a special tax, with revenues dedicated to health and nutrition programs, 64 percent said yes. A general tax requires a simple majority vote, while a special tax requires two-thirds support.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Raising the tax to 2 cents per ounce reduced support to 55 percent for the general tax and 59 percent for the special tax. Reading respondents arguments for and against, before posing the question, produced very little change in the results.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>A similar ballot measure is likely in San Francisco this November. San Francisco supporters are planning to focus on a special tax, despite the two-thirds hurdle. The measures on both sides of the bay are likely to attract a particular barrage of opposition from the beverage industry.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Both of us having it on the ballot will work against us,” admitted Capitelli. He said the well-funded opponents will buy regional media.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In contrast, raising the parks parcel tax by 10 percent ($29 per year for an average 1,900 square foot house) attracted only 54 percent support. A parcel tax measure requires two-thirds support to pass. A proposal for a $25 million bond issue for pools and parks, including reopening Willard Pool, was supported by only 52 percent. For the measure to pass, it would need two-thirds majority in favor.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Survey respondents were also asked some general questions about Berkeley. Sixty-three percent said “things in the city of Berkeley are going in the right direction.” Only 13 percent said “things are on the wrong track” (24 percent responded “don’t know”).\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>When asked to rate the job Berkeley is doing providing city services, 14 percent responded excellent, 55 percent responded good. Slightly less than a quarter, 23 percent, said fair and 5 percent said poor.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>When asked about areas where Berkeley might need to invest, 31 percent said providing affordable housing was extremely important, and 31 percent rated improving children’s health as extremely important. Only 7 percent said renovating swimming pools or improving parks and playgrounds was extremely important.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Forty-six percent of the respondents were men and 54 percent were women; 67 percent of respondents were white and 10 percent were black; 39 percent were over 60 and 20 percent were under 30. All respondents were required to be likely voters in the November 2014 election.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>KQED News Associate \u003ca href=\"http://www.berkeleyside.com/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Berkeleyside\u003c/a> is an independently owned news website based in Berkeley, Calif. \u003ca href=\"http://eepurl.com/lh_3b\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Click here\u003c/a> if you would you like to receive the latest Berkeley news in your inbox once a day for free with Berkeleyside’s Daily Briefing email.\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>",
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"disqusTitle": "Study: Estrogen Therapy May Help Some Older Women at Risk for Alzheimer's Disease",
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"content": "\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_18086\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 640px\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/stateofhealth/wp-content/uploads/sites/27/2014/03/2380867-e1394646803472.jpg\">\u003cimg class=\"size-large wp-image-18086\" title=\"\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/stateofhealth/wp-content/uploads/sites/27/2014/03/2380867-640x341.jpg\" alt=\"Estrogen replacement patches. (Ian Waldie/Getty Images)\" width=\"640\" height=\"341\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Estrogen replacement patches. (Ian Waldie/Getty Images)\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Postmenopausal women have heard just about everything when it comes to hormone therapy. In the 1990s, doctors routinely recommended it, believing that it helped women avoid heart attacks, thinning bones and other problems of aging. Then along came the Women's Health Initiative study, which first found hormone therapy (HT) created more risks than benefits -- \u003ca href=\"http://jama.jamanetwork.com/article.aspx?articleid=1745676\" target=\"_blank\">then found that over time \u003c/a>some of those risks subsided, at least somewhat.\u003c/p>\n\u003caside class=\"pullquote alignleft\">\"It's a very provocative finding, without a doubt.\" \u003c/aside>\n\u003cp>But one main criticism of the Women's Health Initiative study was that women were recruited to start on hormone therapy long after they had gone through menopause. The women were ages 65 or older.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Today, \u003ca href=\"http://www.menopause.org/for-women/menopauseflashes/news-you-can-use-about-hormone-therapy\" target=\"_blank\">many doctors believe\u003c/a> that HT started at the time of menopause -- or soon after -- can help women with hot flashes, vaginal dryness and other symptoms.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c!--more-->\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Now a small study at Stanford has looked at another area of interest with HT -- the possible effects of estrogen on the brain. Conflicting evidence has indicated that HT can help women fight dementia.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In this study, instead of starting women on hormones, as the Women's Health Initiative study did, the Stanford researchers recruited women already taking them and then randomized them into two groups -- some would continue taking hormones, some would stop.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"They start women on hormones, and we stopped women on hormones. Biologically it's a very different phenomenon,\" said Dr. Natalie Rasgon, director of the Stanford Center for Neuroscience in Women's Health, lead author of the study.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Rasgon and her team also recruited significantly younger women, ages 50-65. The researchers measured metabolic activity in specific brain regions associated with memory and executive function, using sophisticated PET scans. Rasgon said that studies have shown that these areas can show a decline before a person would notice symptoms of Alzheimer's disease.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>One Type of Estrogen Helps, Another Doesn't\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>They found that women taking a type of synthetic estrogen called estradiol saw that their brain function was better preserved. But here's the rub: Another kind of estrogen, conjugated equine estrogen, often known by the brand name Premarin, did not confer the same benefit. The study found that women who took Premarin saw a decline in the key brain regions studied. Results were published in \u003ca href=\"http://www.plosone.org/article/info%3Adoi%2F10.1371%2Fjournal.pone.0089095\">Plos One.\u003c/a>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Many women who take hormone therapy take both synthetic estrogen and progesterone, in part because estrogen therapy alone increases a woman's risk of uterine cancer. In women in the study who took both hormones, the synthetic progesterone wiped out any benefits provided by estradiol and increased the brain decline seen in women taking Premarin.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"It's a very provocative finding, without a doubt,\" Rasgon said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Estradiol is a \"synthetic molecule which exactly mimics the estrogen produced by the ovary,\" Rasgon said. Pfizer, which manufactures Premarin,\u003ca href=\"http://labeling.pfizer.com/showlabeling.aspx?id=131\" target=\"_blank\"> describes it\u003c/a> as \"a mixture of conjugated estrogens obtained exclusively from natural sources.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Before you rush out to take estradiol to help ward off Alzheimer's disease, Rasgon was careful to issue clear caveats. First, this is a small study, just 45 women, \"and it's a very specific population,\" she said. \"It's a population that is at risk for Azheimer's disease.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In order to be included in the study, women were required to be at increased risk for dementia, as indicated by having a first-degree relative with Alzheimer's disease, or that they were known to carry a specific variant of the \u003ca href=\"http://www.nia.nih.gov/alzheimers/publication/alzheimers-disease-genetics-fact-sheet\" target=\"_blank\">ApoE gene\u003c/a>, which is associated with increased risk of Alzheimer's. Women who had a personal history of major depression were also eligible.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In the PET scans, researchers were looking only at changes in metabolic activity in the brain -- a marker for brain preservation -- and not at direct cognition among the women. \"Metabolic changes in these brain regions presage overt symptoms of cognitive decline, sometimes by decades,\" Rasgon said. \"We're finding significant changes in women who are still cognitively intact.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"This is a wonderful study,\" said Dr. David Rubinow, former head of the division of behavioral endocrinology at the National Institute of Mental Health and now at the University of North Carolina-Chapel Hill. He was not involved in the study. \"Dr. Rasgon was able to demonstrate that there were marked differences between conjugated equine estrogen and estradiol, and both of those observations had been suggested but were untested.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Rubinow said that more study is needed. \"Is this a study that suggests that we need to redouble our efforts to determine the effects of estradiol administered during perimenopause on cognitive function? The answer is yes.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Lack of Randomization Raises Questions\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Dr. Rita Redberg, director of Women's Cardiovascular Services at UC San Francisco, was more skeptical. While changes in metabolic activity in the brain are a marker for disease, \"a marker is a long way from dementia,\" she noted. While people who now have Alzheimer's disease may well have started off with these changes years ago, it's likely that many people will experience these metabolic changes but never go on to develop dementia.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Redberg also was concerned that women came into the study already taking hormones. The study required that women already be taking them for at least one year, so this means the women were not randomly assigned estradiol or Premarin. \"There were likely differences among women who chose to take estradiol and women who chose to take (Premarin), so it wasn't randomized.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Women can slow or prevent memory loss by eating a healthy diet and getting regular exercise, Redberg said. Also, estrogen therapy increases a woman's risk for breast cancer.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Rasgon agreed that diet and exercise can help people reduce their risk of dementia, but she also stressed that women should assess risks and benefits of hormone therapy individually. \"Those risks and benefits have to be accounted for now for the type of hormone preparation they are taking and presence or absence of progestin,\" she said. \"Not every women taking progestin may need it. … Those factors were not part of the equation in the past and now they should be -- at least for those who are at risk for Alzheimer's disease.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad floatright]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[contextly_auto_sidebar id=\"48k9vaFKqfQgzEla6UEXSIUUWAXWPjmR\"]\u003c/p>\n\n",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_18086\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 640px\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/stateofhealth/wp-content/uploads/sites/27/2014/03/2380867-e1394646803472.jpg\">\u003cimg class=\"size-large wp-image-18086\" title=\"\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/stateofhealth/wp-content/uploads/sites/27/2014/03/2380867-640x341.jpg\" alt=\"Estrogen replacement patches. (Ian Waldie/Getty Images)\" width=\"640\" height=\"341\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Estrogen replacement patches. (Ian Waldie/Getty Images)\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Postmenopausal women have heard just about everything when it comes to hormone therapy. In the 1990s, doctors routinely recommended it, believing that it helped women avoid heart attacks, thinning bones and other problems of aging. Then along came the Women's Health Initiative study, which first found hormone therapy (HT) created more risks than benefits -- \u003ca href=\"http://jama.jamanetwork.com/article.aspx?articleid=1745676\" target=\"_blank\">then found that over time \u003c/a>some of those risks subsided, at least somewhat.\u003c/p>\n\u003caside class=\"pullquote alignleft\">\"It's a very provocative finding, without a doubt.\" \u003c/aside>\n\u003cp>But one main criticism of the Women's Health Initiative study was that women were recruited to start on hormone therapy long after they had gone through menopause. The women were ages 65 or older.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Today, \u003ca href=\"http://www.menopause.org/for-women/menopauseflashes/news-you-can-use-about-hormone-therapy\" target=\"_blank\">many doctors believe\u003c/a> that HT started at the time of menopause -- or soon after -- can help women with hot flashes, vaginal dryness and other symptoms.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c!--more-->\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Now a small study at Stanford has looked at another area of interest with HT -- the possible effects of estrogen on the brain. Conflicting evidence has indicated that HT can help women fight dementia.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In this study, instead of starting women on hormones, as the Women's Health Initiative study did, the Stanford researchers recruited women already taking them and then randomized them into two groups -- some would continue taking hormones, some would stop.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"They start women on hormones, and we stopped women on hormones. Biologically it's a very different phenomenon,\" said Dr. Natalie Rasgon, director of the Stanford Center for Neuroscience in Women's Health, lead author of the study.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Rasgon and her team also recruited significantly younger women, ages 50-65. The researchers measured metabolic activity in specific brain regions associated with memory and executive function, using sophisticated PET scans. Rasgon said that studies have shown that these areas can show a decline before a person would notice symptoms of Alzheimer's disease.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>One Type of Estrogen Helps, Another Doesn't\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>They found that women taking a type of synthetic estrogen called estradiol saw that their brain function was better preserved. But here's the rub: Another kind of estrogen, conjugated equine estrogen, often known by the brand name Premarin, did not confer the same benefit. The study found that women who took Premarin saw a decline in the key brain regions studied. Results were published in \u003ca href=\"http://www.plosone.org/article/info%3Adoi%2F10.1371%2Fjournal.pone.0089095\">Plos One.\u003c/a>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Many women who take hormone therapy take both synthetic estrogen and progesterone, in part because estrogen therapy alone increases a woman's risk of uterine cancer. In women in the study who took both hormones, the synthetic progesterone wiped out any benefits provided by estradiol and increased the brain decline seen in women taking Premarin.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"It's a very provocative finding, without a doubt,\" Rasgon said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Estradiol is a \"synthetic molecule which exactly mimics the estrogen produced by the ovary,\" Rasgon said. Pfizer, which manufactures Premarin,\u003ca href=\"http://labeling.pfizer.com/showlabeling.aspx?id=131\" target=\"_blank\"> describes it\u003c/a> as \"a mixture of conjugated estrogens obtained exclusively from natural sources.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Before you rush out to take estradiol to help ward off Alzheimer's disease, Rasgon was careful to issue clear caveats. First, this is a small study, just 45 women, \"and it's a very specific population,\" she said. \"It's a population that is at risk for Azheimer's disease.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In order to be included in the study, women were required to be at increased risk for dementia, as indicated by having a first-degree relative with Alzheimer's disease, or that they were known to carry a specific variant of the \u003ca href=\"http://www.nia.nih.gov/alzheimers/publication/alzheimers-disease-genetics-fact-sheet\" target=\"_blank\">ApoE gene\u003c/a>, which is associated with increased risk of Alzheimer's. Women who had a personal history of major depression were also eligible.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In the PET scans, researchers were looking only at changes in metabolic activity in the brain -- a marker for brain preservation -- and not at direct cognition among the women. \"Metabolic changes in these brain regions presage overt symptoms of cognitive decline, sometimes by decades,\" Rasgon said. \"We're finding significant changes in women who are still cognitively intact.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"This is a wonderful study,\" said Dr. David Rubinow, former head of the division of behavioral endocrinology at the National Institute of Mental Health and now at the University of North Carolina-Chapel Hill. He was not involved in the study. \"Dr. Rasgon was able to demonstrate that there were marked differences between conjugated equine estrogen and estradiol, and both of those observations had been suggested but were untested.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Rubinow said that more study is needed. \"Is this a study that suggests that we need to redouble our efforts to determine the effects of estradiol administered during perimenopause on cognitive function? The answer is yes.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Lack of Randomization Raises Questions\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Dr. Rita Redberg, director of Women's Cardiovascular Services at UC San Francisco, was more skeptical. While changes in metabolic activity in the brain are a marker for disease, \"a marker is a long way from dementia,\" she noted. While people who now have Alzheimer's disease may well have started off with these changes years ago, it's likely that many people will experience these metabolic changes but never go on to develop dementia.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Redberg also was concerned that women came into the study already taking hormones. The study required that women already be taking them for at least one year, so this means the women were not randomly assigned estradiol or Premarin. \"There were likely differences among women who chose to take estradiol and women who chose to take (Premarin), so it wasn't randomized.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Women can slow or prevent memory loss by eating a healthy diet and getting regular exercise, Redberg said. Also, estrogen therapy increases a woman's risk for breast cancer.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Rasgon agreed that diet and exercise can help people reduce their risk of dementia, but she also stressed that women should assess risks and benefits of hormone therapy individually. \"Those risks and benefits have to be accounted for now for the type of hormone preparation they are taking and presence or absence of progestin,\" she said. \"Not every women taking progestin may need it. … Those factors were not part of the equation in the past and now they should be -- at least for those who are at risk for Alzheimer's disease.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"title": "Are BPA-Free Plastics Any Safer?",
"headTitle": "Are BPA-Free Plastics Any Safer? | KQED",
"content": "\u003cp>\u003cstrong>By Mina Kim and Molly Samuel\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_14920\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 640px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-full wp-image-14920\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2014/03/177267473.jpg\" alt=\"Some plastics leach chemicals that are dangerous to developing fetuses and children. \" width=\"640\" height=\"360\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Some plastics leach chemicals that are dangerous to developing fetuses and children.\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Maybe you’ve noticed the words “BPA-free” on the packaging of plastic products like sippy cups and Tupperware. Studies have linked the chemical BPA, or Bisphenol A, to a host of health problems, particularly in pregnant women and their infants. But \u003ca href=\"http://www.ceh.org/wp-content/uploads/2014/03/PlastiPure-Report-on-CEH-Sippy-Cups-Sept-7-2012.pdf\">lab tests\u003c/a> by the Oakland-based advocacy group \u003ca href=\"http://www.ceh.org/\">Center for Environmental Health\u003c/a>, have found that the chemicals used to replace BPA may be just as harmful.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>KQED’s Mina Kim spoke with Mariah Blake, who wrote about the findings on plastics and synthetic estrogens in \u003ca href=\"http://www.motherjones.com/environment/2014/03/tritan-certichem-eastman-bpa-free-plastic-safe\">Mother Jones\u003c/a>:\u003c/p>\n\u003cblockquote>\u003cp>Estrogenic chemicals found in many common products have been linked to a litany of problems in humans and animals. According to one study, the pesticide atrazine can turn male frogs female. DES, which was once prescribed to prevent miscarriages, caused obesity, rare vaginal tumors, infertility, and testicular growths among those exposed in utero. Scientists have tied BPA to ailments including asthma, cancer, infertility, low sperm count, genital deformity, heart disease, liver problems, and ADHD. “Pick a disease, literally pick a disease,” says Frederick vom Saal, a biology professor at the University of Missouri-Columbia who studies BPA.\u003c/p>\u003c/blockquote>\n\u003cp>In 2008, Blake explained, there was a “BPA panic.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“The public suddenly became very aware of the fact that BPA was potentially harmful,” Blake said. “Around that time, many manufacturers began moving away from BPA products.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>U.S. law doesn’t require a chemical be proven safe before it goes on the market; a chemical is presumed safe until proven otherwise. Nonetheless, given the public furor, manufacturers began replacing BPA with other kinds of plastics, including one called Tritan, manufactured by Eastman Chemical.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“This was the plastic to use if you wanted a truly safe product,” Blake said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[contextly_sidebar id=”14a2704dbe6d1c95030f95c4050f81be”]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But recent tests by the Center for Environmental Health show Tritan is not so safe, after all. The Center sent 18 sippy cups to CertiChem Inc., in Austin, Texas, for testing. The lab found detectable estrogenic activity in chemicals leaching from five of the products, including products containing Tritan.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Scientists with CertiChem, Georgetown University and the University of Texas, had already published a National Institutes of Health-funded study in 2011, testing estrogen exposure from a wide range of plastics, including baby bottles and other products advertised as BPA-free. “In some cases,” \u003ca href=\"http://ehp.niehs.nih.gov/1003220/\">the researchers reported\u003c/a>, “BPA-free products released chemicals having more EA [estrogenic activity] than did BPA-containing products.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Eastman sued CertiChem Inc., to prevent it from publicizing the findings.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>On its \u003ca href=\"http://www.eastman.com/Markets/Tritan_Safe/Media_Room/Pages/Fact_Sheet.aspx\">website\u003c/a>, Eastman stands by the safety of Tritan. And the American Chemical Council, a plastics industry group, questions if there is even any danger in BPA.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Many government bodies around the world have evaluated the scientific evidence on BPA and have declared it safe as used in food contact materials,” the American Chemical Council said in a statement released Tuesday. And it called attention to a \u003ca href=\"http://blogs.kqed.org/bayareabites/2014/02/27/maybe-that-bpa-in-your-canned-food-isnt-so-bad-after-all/\">recent FDA study\u003c/a> that found rats weren’t harmed by BPA.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Blake isn’t so sure about that. “I’m actually working on a story about that study now,” she said. “There are a couple of issues that raise questions about its findings.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>She said the FDA used a breed of rat that’s not sensitive to estrogen and that there appeared to have been contamination in the lab that conducted the study. (A \u003ca href=\"http://www.motherjones.com/environment/2014/03/tritan-certichem-eastman-bpa-free-plastic-safe\">note at the top of the Mother Jones article\u003c/a> addresses the study.)\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[contextly_sidebar id=”7178bca5daad45372b4bc4991aae8121″]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>When it comes to BPA and possibly other endocrine-disrupting chemicals, Blake said, there is no known safe dose. “Unlike other kinds of chemicals, it’s not like they’re only harmful when you reach a certain threshold,” she said. “The scientists I’ve spoken to who study this chemical say there is no safe level of exposure. Any level of exposure is potentially harmful, especially for young children and developing fetuses.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But she acknowledged, it’s hard to go plastic-free in our plastic world. “It’s a difficult situation because plastic is so ubiquitous and the available evidence suggests that there is no surefire way to avoid exposure as long as you’re using plastics,” she said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[soundcloud url=”https://api.soundcloud.com/tracks/137968638″ params=”color=ff5500&auto_play=false&hide_related=false&show_artwork=true” width=”100%” height=”166″ iframe=”true” /]\u003c/p>\n\n",
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"excerpt": "Studies have linked the chemical BPA, found in some plastics, to a host of health problems. Now lab tests have found that the chemicals used to replace BPA may be just as harmful.",
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"description": "Studies have linked the chemical BPA, found in some plastics, to a host of health problems. Now lab tests have found that the chemicals used to replace BPA may be just as harmful.",
"title": "Are BPA-Free Plastics Any Safer? | KQED",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>\u003cstrong>By Mina Kim and Molly Samuel\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_14920\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 640px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-full wp-image-14920\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2014/03/177267473.jpg\" alt=\"Some plastics leach chemicals that are dangerous to developing fetuses and children. \" width=\"640\" height=\"360\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Some plastics leach chemicals that are dangerous to developing fetuses and children.\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Maybe you’ve noticed the words “BPA-free” on the packaging of plastic products like sippy cups and Tupperware. Studies have linked the chemical BPA, or Bisphenol A, to a host of health problems, particularly in pregnant women and their infants. But \u003ca href=\"http://www.ceh.org/wp-content/uploads/2014/03/PlastiPure-Report-on-CEH-Sippy-Cups-Sept-7-2012.pdf\">lab tests\u003c/a> by the Oakland-based advocacy group \u003ca href=\"http://www.ceh.org/\">Center for Environmental Health\u003c/a>, have found that the chemicals used to replace BPA may be just as harmful.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>KQED’s Mina Kim spoke with Mariah Blake, who wrote about the findings on plastics and synthetic estrogens in \u003ca href=\"http://www.motherjones.com/environment/2014/03/tritan-certichem-eastman-bpa-free-plastic-safe\">Mother Jones\u003c/a>:\u003c/p>\n\u003cblockquote>\u003cp>Estrogenic chemicals found in many common products have been linked to a litany of problems in humans and animals. According to one study, the pesticide atrazine can turn male frogs female. DES, which was once prescribed to prevent miscarriages, caused obesity, rare vaginal tumors, infertility, and testicular growths among those exposed in utero. Scientists have tied BPA to ailments including asthma, cancer, infertility, low sperm count, genital deformity, heart disease, liver problems, and ADHD. “Pick a disease, literally pick a disease,” says Frederick vom Saal, a biology professor at the University of Missouri-Columbia who studies BPA.\u003c/p>\u003c/blockquote>\n\u003cp>In 2008, Blake explained, there was a “BPA panic.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“The public suddenly became very aware of the fact that BPA was potentially harmful,” Blake said. “Around that time, many manufacturers began moving away from BPA products.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>U.S. law doesn’t require a chemical be proven safe before it goes on the market; a chemical is presumed safe until proven otherwise. Nonetheless, given the public furor, manufacturers began replacing BPA with other kinds of plastics, including one called Tritan, manufactured by Eastman Chemical.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“This was the plastic to use if you wanted a truly safe product,” Blake said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But recent tests by the Center for Environmental Health show Tritan is not so safe, after all. The Center sent 18 sippy cups to CertiChem Inc., in Austin, Texas, for testing. The lab found detectable estrogenic activity in chemicals leaching from five of the products, including products containing Tritan.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Scientists with CertiChem, Georgetown University and the University of Texas, had already published a National Institutes of Health-funded study in 2011, testing estrogen exposure from a wide range of plastics, including baby bottles and other products advertised as BPA-free. “In some cases,” \u003ca href=\"http://ehp.niehs.nih.gov/1003220/\">the researchers reported\u003c/a>, “BPA-free products released chemicals having more EA [estrogenic activity] than did BPA-containing products.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Eastman sued CertiChem Inc., to prevent it from publicizing the findings.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>On its \u003ca href=\"http://www.eastman.com/Markets/Tritan_Safe/Media_Room/Pages/Fact_Sheet.aspx\">website\u003c/a>, Eastman stands by the safety of Tritan. And the American Chemical Council, a plastics industry group, questions if there is even any danger in BPA.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Many government bodies around the world have evaluated the scientific evidence on BPA and have declared it safe as used in food contact materials,” the American Chemical Council said in a statement released Tuesday. And it called attention to a \u003ca href=\"http://blogs.kqed.org/bayareabites/2014/02/27/maybe-that-bpa-in-your-canned-food-isnt-so-bad-after-all/\">recent FDA study\u003c/a> that found rats weren’t harmed by BPA.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Blake isn’t so sure about that. “I’m actually working on a story about that study now,” she said. “There are a couple of issues that raise questions about its findings.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>She said the FDA used a breed of rat that’s not sensitive to estrogen and that there appeared to have been contamination in the lab that conducted the study. (A \u003ca href=\"http://www.motherjones.com/environment/2014/03/tritan-certichem-eastman-bpa-free-plastic-safe\">note at the top of the Mother Jones article\u003c/a> addresses the study.)\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>When it comes to BPA and possibly other endocrine-disrupting chemicals, Blake said, there is no known safe dose. “Unlike other kinds of chemicals, it’s not like they’re only harmful when you reach a certain threshold,” she said. “The scientists I’ve spoken to who study this chemical say there is no safe level of exposure. Any level of exposure is potentially harmful, especially for young children and developing fetuses.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But she acknowledged, it’s hard to go plastic-free in our plastic world. “It’s a difficult situation because plastic is so ubiquitous and the available evidence suggests that there is no surefire way to avoid exposure as long as you’re using plastics,” she said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003cdiv class='utils-parseShortcode-shortcodes-__shortcodes__shortcodeWrapper'>\n \u003ciframe width='”100%”' height='”166″'\n scrolling='no' frameborder='no'\n src='https://w.soundcloud.com/player/?url=”https://api.soundcloud.com/tracks/137968638″&visual=true&”color=ff5500&auto_play=false&hide_related=false&show_artwork=true”'\n title='”https://api.soundcloud.com/tracks/137968638″'>\n \u003c/iframe>\n \u003c/div>\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>",
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"title": "California Fuel Leak Cleanup Rules Leave Lingering Spills to Nature",
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"content": "\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_128348\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 640px\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2014/03/RS9008_IMG_5580-copy-lpr.jpg\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-medium wp-image-128348\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2014/03/RS9008_IMG_5580-copy-lpr-640x426.jpg\" alt=\"An environmental remediation crew digs a groundwater monitoring well on the property of First Presbyterian Church in Newark. (Mark Andrew Boyer/KQED)\" width=\"640\" height=\"426\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">An environmental remediation crew digs a groundwater monitoring well on the property of First Presbyterian Church in Newark. (Mark Andrew Boyer/KQED)\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan style=\"font-size: 4.6875em;float: left;line-height: 0.733em;padding: 0.05em 0.1em 0 0;font-family: times, serif, georgia\">T\u003c/span>he Mobil gas station at Harbor Boulevard and Gisler Avenue in Costa Mesa is long gone, replaced with an urgent care center. There’s a credit union next door and a restaurant nearby. Palm trees and plants screen slate-and-stucco buildings from nonstop traffic. And kids from a neighborhood middle school laugh and jostle each other on their way home to the tidy houses down the block.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The Orange County Water District sees a threat beneath this suburban neighborhood: a mile-long plume of the now-banned gasoline oxygenate methyl tertiary butyl ether, or MTBE, tainting the soil and groundwater at concentrations up to 77 times the state drinking water standard.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The district traces the pollution to a 1987 leak from buried gas tanks at the Mobil station. It’s fighting ExxonMobil’s bid to end cleanup and monitoring there under California’s \u003ca href=\"http://www.kqed.org/documentcloud/?doc=1021368-low-threat-underground-storage-tank-case-closure\">Low Threat Underground Tank Closure Policy\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[contextly_sidebar id=”8814837b7c874c64e0b4421afbb78cf1″]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“The company’s consultants didn’t even know this plume was there,” said Roy Herndon, the water district’s chief hydrogeologist. “One of the key criteria in the low-risk closure policy is that a plume is stable and decreasing. If a plume hasn’t even been delineated, then how can it be shown to be stable and decreasing?”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In a written statement, ExxonMobil spokesman Todd Spitler noted that the Orange County Health Care Agency continues to monitor the site.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“ExxonMobil’s goal is the same as the community’s — to remediate as quickly and safely as possible,” Spitler wrote.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Herndon suspects the plume of subterranean pollution is heading toward a district drinking-water well.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Every week, we’re getting new notices of sites being proposed for closure under this policy. And the question in my mind is how well investigated these sites have been,” he said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>It’s a question other water suppliers and regulators across the state are asking as well. Some of the most vocal skeptics are in \u003ca href=\"http://www.kqed.org/documentcloud/?doc=1021409-alameda-county-water-district-objections-march\">Alameda\u003c/a> and Santa Clara counties, which rely heavily on groundwater.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Problems in Santa Clara and Alameda counties\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Local regulators once had broad discretion to judge what was appropriate for a site. In principle, though, most of California’s groundwater was to be considered potentially suitable for drinking, and pollution was supposed to be cleaned up.\u003c/p>\n\u003caside class=\"pullquote alignleft\"> The gas station where the leak occurred is about 300 feet from a well in a city park that includes community gardens and an organic farm. \u003c/aside>\n\u003cp>Then, in August 2012, the State Water Resources Control Board started closing cases where there are still additives and petroleum in the ground, but where regulators believe they are stable and far enough from municipal wells that the pollution won’t pose an immediate threat.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>That approach puts a statewide policy ahead of the cherished local authority of city, county and regional water officials.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In August state regulators closed down a site, despite objections from the Santa Clara County Department of Environmental Health, the Santa Clara Valley Water District and \u003ca href=\"http://www.kqed.org/documentcloud/?doc=1030030-san-jose-city-hall-comments-emma-prusch-park-aug\">San Jose City Hall\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The gas station where the leak occurred is about 300 feet from a well in a city park that includes community gardens and an organic farm. Irrigation water comes from city pipelines, but officials have considered switching to the well. The three agencies asked for more studies to measure the contaminant plume. State officials refused.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>That leaves volunteer orchard keeper Nancy Garrison frightened and angry.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“I don’t know how bad the contamination is here, to tell you the truth,” Garrison said. “There’s not much information that’s gotten out about it that I have picked up on, and I would like to be more informed.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>So would Tom Berkins, groundwater protection program coordinator at the Alameda County Water District. Berkins said district officials requested an exemption for agencies like theirs, which rely heavily on local aquifers for drinking water supplies. The state board declined, Berkins said, promising to confer with Alameda County on individual closure cases.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Instead, he said, state regulators frequently \u003ca href=\"http://www.kqed.org/documentcloud/?doc=1030032-berkins-awcb-letter\">brush questions aside\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“We submitted a 14-page letter spelling out all the reasons why a case shouldn’t be closed. And the response (came) back, ‘It’s not necessary,’ without responding to the actual detailed comments that we’d submitted,” Berkins said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Kevin Graves, who oversees the state \u003ca href=\"http://www.waterboards.ca.gov/ust/\">Underground Storage Tank Program\u003c/a>, said his agency is trying to solve \u003ca href=\"http://www.kqed.org/documentcloud/?doc=1030038-water-resources-control-board-on-groundwater\">other pressing water contamination problems\u003c/a>, such as widespread nitrate and solvent pollution. And all the objections over these old gas leaks can interfere with that urgent work.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Focusing on the details of one side of a plume being unstable or not, when that is really no likelihood of impacting a well ever, that’s not a good use of our resources and our time,” he said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>A Southern California case shows how policy has changed\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Twenty-five ago, California legislators \u003ca href=\"http://www.kqed.org/documentcloud/?doc=1021212-fundperformanceaudit-2010\">established programs\u003c/a> to clean up leaking underground storage tanks at gas stations and storage locations throughout the state. Some 43,000 leaks have been identified, and all but 6,000 have been resolved. The other contaminated sites have been stabilized and ruled no longer a threat to drinking water.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_128367\" class=\"wp-caption alignleft\" style=\"max-width: 384px\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2014/03/BuriedTanks1.jpg\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-medium wp-image-128367\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2014/03/BuriedTanks1-640x428.jpg\" alt='Wayne Ziegler, general manager of the environmental remediation company The Reynolds Group, checks \"sparging\" equipment at a cleanup site south of Los Angeles. (Chris Richard/KQED)' width=\"384\" height=\"257\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Wayne Ziegler, general manager of the environmental remediation company The Reynolds Group, checks “sparging” equipment at a cleanup site south of Los Angeles. (Chris Richard/KQED)\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Many of the problems at the remaining sites are persistent and expensive to fix, like the former Sammons & Sons site in Lynwood. There, amid the rusting steel buildings of the defunct warehouse company south of Los Angeles, huge compressors force air deep into the ground. Bubbling back up through the groundwater, the air carries the residues of a decades-old gasoline leak to an air filtration system.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Until recently, remediation work like this was supposed to get the groundwater close to drinking water standards. That’s 1 part per billion for benzene, a known carcinogen, and 13 parts per billion for MTBE, which makes water taste like turpentine at only 5 parts per billion.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Recognizing that this standard of cleanliness is not always attainable,\u003ca href=\"http://www.waterboards.ca.gov/water_issues/programs/land_disposal/resolution_92_49.shtml\"> a long-standing Water Resources Control Board policy\u003c/a> directs that pollution sites be cleaned up either to “background” standards — the water quality in the surrounding area — or the best water quality that is reasonable if background water quality cannot be restored.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The low-threat policy makes an exception for some petroleum leak sites.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Remediation efforts began at the Sammons & Sons site in 2006, and so far the site has cost the state cleanup fund slightly more than $1.1 million. Today, benzene levels in the groundwater are approaching 3,000 ppb and MTBE is close to 1,000, said Dwayne Ziegler, general manager for the site’s current remediation company, the Reynolds Group.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“That’s generally what you’re shooting for, to where you can stop cleaning up and close the site down,” Ziegler said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Five categories\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The policy sets \u003ca href=\"http://www.kqed.org/documentcloud/?doc=1029931-fiveclasses\">five classes\u003c/a> for sites where it might be appropriate to end cleanup and monitoring.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>They range from Class 1, where the contaminant plume must be under 100 feet long, to Class 5, which is determined by a regulator’s judgment that it doesn’t pose a threat to public health or the environment and will clean itself up in “a reasonable time.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The policy makes no mention of tertiary butyl alcohol, or TBA, a byproduct of MTBE decomposition that has caused cancer in animals.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>All these assessment tools rely on the fact that common microorganisms in the dirt consume such pollution in a process called \u003ca href=\"http://www.kqed.org/documentcloud/?doc=1021427-leaking-underground-fuel-tank-guidance-manual\">biodegradation\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“At every underground storage tank site, biodegradation is demonstrating that it is working,” Graves said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“The reason that we don’t see large petroleum plumes, (while) we do see widespread nitrate problems; we see widespread solvent problems, is because biodegradation is pervasive.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Graves said that once a plume of petroleum pollution stops spreading, the microbes take over and it’s doomed. It might take decades. It might even take centuries. But eventually nature will clean itself up. Low-Threat seeks to define the point at which it’s safe to let nature take over.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The policy aims to ease the strain on \u003ca href=\"http://www.waterboards.ca.gov/water_issues/programs/ustcf/\">a state account\u003c/a>, funded by fees on fuel tank owners, that reimburses those owners for cleanup costs.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In 2012, a state performance audit found that remediation efforts sometimes took up to 17 years. In the preceding four years, the fund’s average total cost to complete a cleanup project nearly doubled, hitting $250,000, and costs for active projects had risen to about $400,000 per site, the auditors reported.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Today, John Russell, deputy director in the state water board’s Division of Financial Assistance, predicts that the fund will be about $2 billion short when it expires in January 2016.\u003c/p>\n\u003caside class=\"pullquote alignleft\"> In 2012, a state performance audit found that remediation efforts sometimes took up to 17 years. \u003c/aside>\n\u003cp>Jay McKeeman, of the \u003ca href=\"http://www.cioma.com/\">California Independent Oil Marketers Association\u003c/a>, served on an advisory committee that helped develop Low-Threat to speed things up.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“We need to get those sites that have been sitting around with nothing really going on, except for continuous monitoring out of the program, so that frees up money for sites where new discoveries have occurred, or sites that have been waiting to get into the reimbursement program,” McKeeman said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Russell said the fund may expire without compensating most big companies, which are last in line for reimbursement, for their cleanup work.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In the face of such financial pressures, Russell said it’s only reasonable to make the biggest commitment to the state’s most polluted sites.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Reasonable calculation or gamble?\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Where state officials portray a reasoned response based on proven science and fiscal responsibility, critics see a gamble that puts access to safe drinking water and the public health at risk.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Jim Munch, a former senior engineer with the Sacramento Regional Water Quality Control Board, said he can understand the need for stronger guiding policy. Over the years, authority over cleanup efforts had been divided among scores of local regulatory agencies throughout the state. In some cases, local officials with little training in groundwater remediation insisted on extravagant and impracticable cleanup programs, Munch said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>However, what the state board developed in response was a one-size-fits-all approach that doesn’t give proper consideration to local soil conditions or water use, Munch said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>For example, he said, in some mountainous areas with fractured rock in the ground, predicting the flow of water – and possible spread of contaminants – can be very difficult. In determining whether it’s safe to end cleanup efforts in such cases, it’s essential to rely on experts intimately familiar with the site, Munch said. But he said he sometimes saw state regulators far from the site invoke partial information in their own files to overrule local authorities who wanted to keep sites open.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Herndon, of the Orange County Water District, said a mistaken call on even one site could have broad implications. He is especially concerned by assertions that contamination like that around the Costa Mesa Mobil station won’t penetrate a clay layer between the aquifer where it’s spreading and the deeper aquifer set aside for drinking water.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“I’ve seen way too many examples where that’s not the case. Clay layers are laid down by nature, and they’re not always continuous, and they have holes in them,” Herndon said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Barbara Bekins, a research hydrologist with the U.S. Geological Survey, said some deeper aquifers are anaerobic, or lacking in oxygen. In such cases, it may be harder to rely on biodegradation, she said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Property rights\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But attorney Howard Mehler said that whatever the pressure to move cases through the system, Low-Threat undermines long-standing state policies that seek to preserve water quality. He said the policy could set a dangerous precedent for other cleanup programs.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“There’s always been an emphasis on maintaining the original quality of the water,” he said. It’s never been board practice that “every time you have a contaminant that’s difficult to remove, you adjust your baseline higher because it’s too expensive to remove that contaminant.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_128357\" class=\"wp-caption alignleft\" style=\"max-width: 384px\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2014/03/BuriedTanks7.jpg\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\" wp-image-128357 \" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2014/03/BuriedTanks7-640x428.jpg\" alt=\"Attorney Howard Mehler says a lagging cleanup at this former gas station site has made it impossible for his client to find a suitable tenant. (Chris Richard/KQED)\" width=\"384\" height=\"257\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Attorney Howard Mehler says a lagging cleanup at this former gas station site has made it impossible for his client to find a suitable tenant. (Chris Richard/KQED)\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Mehler’s clients are landowners who once rented a corner lot in Northridge to a gas station, The station is long since closed.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>At the site, he unlocked a gate and walked over to a monitoring well covered by a metal plate in the asphalt, next to a concrete block wall. On the other side of the wall, there’s a house. Mehler said MTBE has tested at 400 parts per billion here.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>He said his clients would love it if the state declared cleanup work completed. They don’t want to be left holding the bag for a partially finished job. “If closure’s granted, they want peace of mind that it will be full and final,” he said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Chevron spokesman Ron Spackman said the spill occurred long before Chevron acquired the station, and his company has been diligent in cleaning up a problem it inherited. The landowner didn’t respond to an interview request.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Other attorneys have written to the state board\u003ca href=\"http://www.kqed.org/documentcloud/?doc=1030023-attorney-on-property-values\"> voicing\u003c/a> similar property rights and liability concerns.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Communication and the final say\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Unlike Mehler’s clients, water agencies that draw on local aquifers for drinking supplies say they have to start planning now for the possibility that climate change may compel them to draw even more heavily on their aquifers.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Russell, the reimbursement fund administrator, acknowledged that there are still divisions within his agency over Low-Threat.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Everyone’s not on the same page,” he said. “There are still a few people who think the low-threat policy was a bad idea.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Barry Marcus, who helped write Low-Threat while serving as the supervising environmental specialist at the Sacramento County Environmental Management Department, suspects some of those questioning the policy from within may have ulterior motives.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“If all of these sites get closed, or the vast majority of them, get closed, they’re going to be out of a job,” he said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Still, Graves said he and his staff try to keep open minds.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“We’re not above being told that we’re wrong. And when it’s pointed out, we say, ‘Wow, you know, we didn’t think of that,’ or ‘You’re right,’ ” he said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad floatright]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>So far, the board has upheld local regulators and refused to close a case five times. Six other cases have been “noticed for closure,” meaning that the board is leaning toward ending cleanup work there but is awaiting further public comment, records show.\u003c/p>\n\n",
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"excerpt": "Some 6,000 leaking tanks remain unresolved, including in Alameda and Santa Clara counties.",
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"title": "California Fuel Leak Cleanup Rules Leave Lingering Spills to Nature | KQED",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_128348\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 640px\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2014/03/RS9008_IMG_5580-copy-lpr.jpg\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-medium wp-image-128348\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2014/03/RS9008_IMG_5580-copy-lpr-640x426.jpg\" alt=\"An environmental remediation crew digs a groundwater monitoring well on the property of First Presbyterian Church in Newark. (Mark Andrew Boyer/KQED)\" width=\"640\" height=\"426\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">An environmental remediation crew digs a groundwater monitoring well on the property of First Presbyterian Church in Newark. (Mark Andrew Boyer/KQED)\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan style=\"font-size: 4.6875em;float: left;line-height: 0.733em;padding: 0.05em 0.1em 0 0;font-family: times, serif, georgia\">T\u003c/span>he Mobil gas station at Harbor Boulevard and Gisler Avenue in Costa Mesa is long gone, replaced with an urgent care center. There’s a credit union next door and a restaurant nearby. Palm trees and plants screen slate-and-stucco buildings from nonstop traffic. And kids from a neighborhood middle school laugh and jostle each other on their way home to the tidy houses down the block.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The Orange County Water District sees a threat beneath this suburban neighborhood: a mile-long plume of the now-banned gasoline oxygenate methyl tertiary butyl ether, or MTBE, tainting the soil and groundwater at concentrations up to 77 times the state drinking water standard.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The district traces the pollution to a 1987 leak from buried gas tanks at the Mobil station. It’s fighting ExxonMobil’s bid to end cleanup and monitoring there under California’s \u003ca href=\"http://www.kqed.org/documentcloud/?doc=1021368-low-threat-underground-storage-tank-case-closure\">Low Threat Underground Tank Closure Policy\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“The company’s consultants didn’t even know this plume was there,” said Roy Herndon, the water district’s chief hydrogeologist. “One of the key criteria in the low-risk closure policy is that a plume is stable and decreasing. If a plume hasn’t even been delineated, then how can it be shown to be stable and decreasing?”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In a written statement, ExxonMobil spokesman Todd Spitler noted that the Orange County Health Care Agency continues to monitor the site.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“ExxonMobil’s goal is the same as the community’s — to remediate as quickly and safely as possible,” Spitler wrote.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Herndon suspects the plume of subterranean pollution is heading toward a district drinking-water well.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Every week, we’re getting new notices of sites being proposed for closure under this policy. And the question in my mind is how well investigated these sites have been,” he said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>It’s a question other water suppliers and regulators across the state are asking as well. Some of the most vocal skeptics are in \u003ca href=\"http://www.kqed.org/documentcloud/?doc=1021409-alameda-county-water-district-objections-march\">Alameda\u003c/a> and Santa Clara counties, which rely heavily on groundwater.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Problems in Santa Clara and Alameda counties\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Local regulators once had broad discretion to judge what was appropriate for a site. In principle, though, most of California’s groundwater was to be considered potentially suitable for drinking, and pollution was supposed to be cleaned up.\u003c/p>\n\u003caside class=\"pullquote alignleft\"> The gas station where the leak occurred is about 300 feet from a well in a city park that includes community gardens and an organic farm. \u003c/aside>\n\u003cp>Then, in August 2012, the State Water Resources Control Board started closing cases where there are still additives and petroleum in the ground, but where regulators believe they are stable and far enough from municipal wells that the pollution won’t pose an immediate threat.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>That approach puts a statewide policy ahead of the cherished local authority of city, county and regional water officials.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In August state regulators closed down a site, despite objections from the Santa Clara County Department of Environmental Health, the Santa Clara Valley Water District and \u003ca href=\"http://www.kqed.org/documentcloud/?doc=1030030-san-jose-city-hall-comments-emma-prusch-park-aug\">San Jose City Hall\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The gas station where the leak occurred is about 300 feet from a well in a city park that includes community gardens and an organic farm. Irrigation water comes from city pipelines, but officials have considered switching to the well. The three agencies asked for more studies to measure the contaminant plume. State officials refused.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>That leaves volunteer orchard keeper Nancy Garrison frightened and angry.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“I don’t know how bad the contamination is here, to tell you the truth,” Garrison said. “There’s not much information that’s gotten out about it that I have picked up on, and I would like to be more informed.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>So would Tom Berkins, groundwater protection program coordinator at the Alameda County Water District. Berkins said district officials requested an exemption for agencies like theirs, which rely heavily on local aquifers for drinking water supplies. The state board declined, Berkins said, promising to confer with Alameda County on individual closure cases.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Instead, he said, state regulators frequently \u003ca href=\"http://www.kqed.org/documentcloud/?doc=1030032-berkins-awcb-letter\">brush questions aside\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“We submitted a 14-page letter spelling out all the reasons why a case shouldn’t be closed. And the response (came) back, ‘It’s not necessary,’ without responding to the actual detailed comments that we’d submitted,” Berkins said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Kevin Graves, who oversees the state \u003ca href=\"http://www.waterboards.ca.gov/ust/\">Underground Storage Tank Program\u003c/a>, said his agency is trying to solve \u003ca href=\"http://www.kqed.org/documentcloud/?doc=1030038-water-resources-control-board-on-groundwater\">other pressing water contamination problems\u003c/a>, such as widespread nitrate and solvent pollution. And all the objections over these old gas leaks can interfere with that urgent work.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Focusing on the details of one side of a plume being unstable or not, when that is really no likelihood of impacting a well ever, that’s not a good use of our resources and our time,” he said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>A Southern California case shows how policy has changed\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Twenty-five ago, California legislators \u003ca href=\"http://www.kqed.org/documentcloud/?doc=1021212-fundperformanceaudit-2010\">established programs\u003c/a> to clean up leaking underground storage tanks at gas stations and storage locations throughout the state. Some 43,000 leaks have been identified, and all but 6,000 have been resolved. The other contaminated sites have been stabilized and ruled no longer a threat to drinking water.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_128367\" class=\"wp-caption alignleft\" style=\"max-width: 384px\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2014/03/BuriedTanks1.jpg\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-medium wp-image-128367\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2014/03/BuriedTanks1-640x428.jpg\" alt='Wayne Ziegler, general manager of the environmental remediation company The Reynolds Group, checks \"sparging\" equipment at a cleanup site south of Los Angeles. (Chris Richard/KQED)' width=\"384\" height=\"257\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Wayne Ziegler, general manager of the environmental remediation company The Reynolds Group, checks “sparging” equipment at a cleanup site south of Los Angeles. (Chris Richard/KQED)\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Many of the problems at the remaining sites are persistent and expensive to fix, like the former Sammons & Sons site in Lynwood. There, amid the rusting steel buildings of the defunct warehouse company south of Los Angeles, huge compressors force air deep into the ground. Bubbling back up through the groundwater, the air carries the residues of a decades-old gasoline leak to an air filtration system.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Until recently, remediation work like this was supposed to get the groundwater close to drinking water standards. That’s 1 part per billion for benzene, a known carcinogen, and 13 parts per billion for MTBE, which makes water taste like turpentine at only 5 parts per billion.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Recognizing that this standard of cleanliness is not always attainable,\u003ca href=\"http://www.waterboards.ca.gov/water_issues/programs/land_disposal/resolution_92_49.shtml\"> a long-standing Water Resources Control Board policy\u003c/a> directs that pollution sites be cleaned up either to “background” standards — the water quality in the surrounding area — or the best water quality that is reasonable if background water quality cannot be restored.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The low-threat policy makes an exception for some petroleum leak sites.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Remediation efforts began at the Sammons & Sons site in 2006, and so far the site has cost the state cleanup fund slightly more than $1.1 million. Today, benzene levels in the groundwater are approaching 3,000 ppb and MTBE is close to 1,000, said Dwayne Ziegler, general manager for the site’s current remediation company, the Reynolds Group.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“That’s generally what you’re shooting for, to where you can stop cleaning up and close the site down,” Ziegler said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Five categories\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The policy sets \u003ca href=\"http://www.kqed.org/documentcloud/?doc=1029931-fiveclasses\">five classes\u003c/a> for sites where it might be appropriate to end cleanup and monitoring.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>They range from Class 1, where the contaminant plume must be under 100 feet long, to Class 5, which is determined by a regulator’s judgment that it doesn’t pose a threat to public health or the environment and will clean itself up in “a reasonable time.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The policy makes no mention of tertiary butyl alcohol, or TBA, a byproduct of MTBE decomposition that has caused cancer in animals.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>All these assessment tools rely on the fact that common microorganisms in the dirt consume such pollution in a process called \u003ca href=\"http://www.kqed.org/documentcloud/?doc=1021427-leaking-underground-fuel-tank-guidance-manual\">biodegradation\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“At every underground storage tank site, biodegradation is demonstrating that it is working,” Graves said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“The reason that we don’t see large petroleum plumes, (while) we do see widespread nitrate problems; we see widespread solvent problems, is because biodegradation is pervasive.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Graves said that once a plume of petroleum pollution stops spreading, the microbes take over and it’s doomed. It might take decades. It might even take centuries. But eventually nature will clean itself up. Low-Threat seeks to define the point at which it’s safe to let nature take over.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The policy aims to ease the strain on \u003ca href=\"http://www.waterboards.ca.gov/water_issues/programs/ustcf/\">a state account\u003c/a>, funded by fees on fuel tank owners, that reimburses those owners for cleanup costs.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In 2012, a state performance audit found that remediation efforts sometimes took up to 17 years. In the preceding four years, the fund’s average total cost to complete a cleanup project nearly doubled, hitting $250,000, and costs for active projects had risen to about $400,000 per site, the auditors reported.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Today, John Russell, deputy director in the state water board’s Division of Financial Assistance, predicts that the fund will be about $2 billion short when it expires in January 2016.\u003c/p>\n\u003caside class=\"pullquote alignleft\"> In 2012, a state performance audit found that remediation efforts sometimes took up to 17 years. \u003c/aside>\n\u003cp>Jay McKeeman, of the \u003ca href=\"http://www.cioma.com/\">California Independent Oil Marketers Association\u003c/a>, served on an advisory committee that helped develop Low-Threat to speed things up.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“We need to get those sites that have been sitting around with nothing really going on, except for continuous monitoring out of the program, so that frees up money for sites where new discoveries have occurred, or sites that have been waiting to get into the reimbursement program,” McKeeman said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Russell said the fund may expire without compensating most big companies, which are last in line for reimbursement, for their cleanup work.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In the face of such financial pressures, Russell said it’s only reasonable to make the biggest commitment to the state’s most polluted sites.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Reasonable calculation or gamble?\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Where state officials portray a reasoned response based on proven science and fiscal responsibility, critics see a gamble that puts access to safe drinking water and the public health at risk.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Jim Munch, a former senior engineer with the Sacramento Regional Water Quality Control Board, said he can understand the need for stronger guiding policy. Over the years, authority over cleanup efforts had been divided among scores of local regulatory agencies throughout the state. In some cases, local officials with little training in groundwater remediation insisted on extravagant and impracticable cleanup programs, Munch said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>However, what the state board developed in response was a one-size-fits-all approach that doesn’t give proper consideration to local soil conditions or water use, Munch said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>For example, he said, in some mountainous areas with fractured rock in the ground, predicting the flow of water – and possible spread of contaminants – can be very difficult. In determining whether it’s safe to end cleanup efforts in such cases, it’s essential to rely on experts intimately familiar with the site, Munch said. But he said he sometimes saw state regulators far from the site invoke partial information in their own files to overrule local authorities who wanted to keep sites open.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Herndon, of the Orange County Water District, said a mistaken call on even one site could have broad implications. He is especially concerned by assertions that contamination like that around the Costa Mesa Mobil station won’t penetrate a clay layer between the aquifer where it’s spreading and the deeper aquifer set aside for drinking water.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“I’ve seen way too many examples where that’s not the case. Clay layers are laid down by nature, and they’re not always continuous, and they have holes in them,” Herndon said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Barbara Bekins, a research hydrologist with the U.S. Geological Survey, said some deeper aquifers are anaerobic, or lacking in oxygen. In such cases, it may be harder to rely on biodegradation, she said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Property rights\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But attorney Howard Mehler said that whatever the pressure to move cases through the system, Low-Threat undermines long-standing state policies that seek to preserve water quality. He said the policy could set a dangerous precedent for other cleanup programs.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“There’s always been an emphasis on maintaining the original quality of the water,” he said. It’s never been board practice that “every time you have a contaminant that’s difficult to remove, you adjust your baseline higher because it’s too expensive to remove that contaminant.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_128357\" class=\"wp-caption alignleft\" style=\"max-width: 384px\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2014/03/BuriedTanks7.jpg\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\" wp-image-128357 \" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2014/03/BuriedTanks7-640x428.jpg\" alt=\"Attorney Howard Mehler says a lagging cleanup at this former gas station site has made it impossible for his client to find a suitable tenant. (Chris Richard/KQED)\" width=\"384\" height=\"257\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Attorney Howard Mehler says a lagging cleanup at this former gas station site has made it impossible for his client to find a suitable tenant. (Chris Richard/KQED)\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Mehler’s clients are landowners who once rented a corner lot in Northridge to a gas station, The station is long since closed.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>At the site, he unlocked a gate and walked over to a monitoring well covered by a metal plate in the asphalt, next to a concrete block wall. On the other side of the wall, there’s a house. Mehler said MTBE has tested at 400 parts per billion here.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>He said his clients would love it if the state declared cleanup work completed. They don’t want to be left holding the bag for a partially finished job. “If closure’s granted, they want peace of mind that it will be full and final,” he said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Chevron spokesman Ron Spackman said the spill occurred long before Chevron acquired the station, and his company has been diligent in cleaning up a problem it inherited. The landowner didn’t respond to an interview request.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Other attorneys have written to the state board\u003ca href=\"http://www.kqed.org/documentcloud/?doc=1030023-attorney-on-property-values\"> voicing\u003c/a> similar property rights and liability concerns.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Communication and the final say\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Unlike Mehler’s clients, water agencies that draw on local aquifers for drinking supplies say they have to start planning now for the possibility that climate change may compel them to draw even more heavily on their aquifers.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Russell, the reimbursement fund administrator, acknowledged that there are still divisions within his agency over Low-Threat.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Everyone’s not on the same page,” he said. “There are still a few people who think the low-threat policy was a bad idea.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Barry Marcus, who helped write Low-Threat while serving as the supervising environmental specialist at the Sacramento County Environmental Management Department, suspects some of those questioning the policy from within may have ulterior motives.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“If all of these sites get closed, or the vast majority of them, get closed, they’re going to be out of a job,” he said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Still, Graves said he and his staff try to keep open minds.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“We’re not above being told that we’re wrong. And when it’s pointed out, we say, ‘Wow, you know, we didn’t think of that,’ or ‘You’re right,’ ” he said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>So far, the board has upheld local regulators and refused to close a case five times. Six other cases have been “noticed for closure,” meaning that the board is leaning toward ending cleanup work there but is awaiting further public comment, records show.\u003c/p>\n\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>",
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"content": "\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_17972\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 640px\">\u003ca href=\"http://cchealth.org/immunization/school-iz-levels.php\" target=\"_blank\">\u003cimg class=\"size-large wp-image-17972 \" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/stateofhealth/wp-content/uploads/sites/27/2014/03/Screen-Shot-2014-03-04-at-3.29.21-PM-640x292.png\" alt=\"The red dots mark a school or childcare facility where the vaccine opt-out rate is 10 percent or more. \" width=\"640\" height=\"292\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">The red dots mark a school or child care facility where the vaccine opt-out rate is above 9.9 percent. The statewide average is 3 percent. (Contra Costa Health Department)\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>In response to the troubling number of children whose parents opt out of vaccines for them, Contra Costa Health Services (CCHS) has published an \u003ca href=\"http://cchealth.org/immunization/school-iz-levels.php\" target=\"_blank\">interactive online map of vaccine rates\u003c/a> for schools and licensed child-care facilities with at least 15 children at each site across the county.\u003c/p>\n\u003caside class=\"pullquote alignleft\">\"There's not much wiggle room. We need about 90 percent of our community to be immune.\"\u003c/aside>\n\u003cp>The screen shot above shows the map. When you visit the site you can click on any of the dots, and a box appears to show you the name of the school, its address and rate of \"personal belief exemptions.\" While state law requires that every child be fully vaccinated to enter kindergarten, parents can opt out by filing a personal belief exemption (PBE), a signed statement that vaccines are against a parent's beliefs.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Paul Leung, immunization program manager for Contra Costa Public Health, said the goal of producing the map was to increases awareness. \"Many community members may not realize this dangerous, disturbing trend of parents choosing to skip vaccines for their children,\" he said. \"It not only puts these kids at greater risk of serious, dangerous diseases like measles and polio,\" but it also puts others at risk, he said, including those who cannot be vaccinated, such as babies, and children or adults too sick to be vaccinated. \u003c!--more-->\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The map color-codes schools by PBE rates -- green is a PBE rate of 2.9 percent of less; yellow is 3-9.9 percent; red is greater than 9.9 percent.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"There's not much wiggle room,\" Leung said. \"We need about 90 percent of our community to be immune. What we've done with our maps is highlight schools where 10 percent or more of their incoming kids have exempted from vaccines, so these schools are more vulnerable to vaccine-preventable outbreaks.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[contextly_sidebar id=\"644a949393a3957ed06ca92570f1ee94\"]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Contra Costa Health Department says the kindergartens at five elementary schools and students at 22 child-care facilities had PBE rates above 9.9 percent. The schools are both public and private. East Bay Waldorf School, a private school in El Sobrante, has the highest PBE rate in the county, 50 percent, CCHD says. In 2008, county health officials briefly closed the school due to a whooping cough outbreak.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The statewide average for personal belief exemptions is 3 percent.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In January, a new state law went into effect, requiring parents seeking a personal belief exemption to first meet with a health care provider to discuss the risks and benefits of vaccines and to learn more about vaccine-preventable illnesses. Washington passed a similar law in 2011, and its personal belief exemption rate has dropped by 40 percent.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Contra Costa's data are for the current school year -- schools are all required to report vaccination rates and PBE rates to the state after school starts in September. The state has not released its data for all counties for this school year as yet, but if you live in one of California's other 57 counties, you can \u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/stateofhealth/2013/09/06/more-california-parents-opting-out-of-vaccines-look-up-your-school-online/\" target=\"_blank\">look up your school's vaccination rates\u003c/a> for 2012-2013.\u003c/p>\n\n",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_17972\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 640px\">\u003ca href=\"http://cchealth.org/immunization/school-iz-levels.php\" target=\"_blank\">\u003cimg class=\"size-large wp-image-17972 \" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/stateofhealth/wp-content/uploads/sites/27/2014/03/Screen-Shot-2014-03-04-at-3.29.21-PM-640x292.png\" alt=\"The red dots mark a school or childcare facility where the vaccine opt-out rate is 10 percent or more. \" width=\"640\" height=\"292\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">The red dots mark a school or child care facility where the vaccine opt-out rate is above 9.9 percent. The statewide average is 3 percent. (Contra Costa Health Department)\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>In response to the troubling number of children whose parents opt out of vaccines for them, Contra Costa Health Services (CCHS) has published an \u003ca href=\"http://cchealth.org/immunization/school-iz-levels.php\" target=\"_blank\">interactive online map of vaccine rates\u003c/a> for schools and licensed child-care facilities with at least 15 children at each site across the county.\u003c/p>\n\u003caside class=\"pullquote alignleft\">\"There's not much wiggle room. We need about 90 percent of our community to be immune.\"\u003c/aside>\n\u003cp>The screen shot above shows the map. When you visit the site you can click on any of the dots, and a box appears to show you the name of the school, its address and rate of \"personal belief exemptions.\" While state law requires that every child be fully vaccinated to enter kindergarten, parents can opt out by filing a personal belief exemption (PBE), a signed statement that vaccines are against a parent's beliefs.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Paul Leung, immunization program manager for Contra Costa Public Health, said the goal of producing the map was to increases awareness. \"Many community members may not realize this dangerous, disturbing trend of parents choosing to skip vaccines for their children,\" he said. \"It not only puts these kids at greater risk of serious, dangerous diseases like measles and polio,\" but it also puts others at risk, he said, including those who cannot be vaccinated, such as babies, and children or adults too sick to be vaccinated. \u003c!--more-->\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The map color-codes schools by PBE rates -- green is a PBE rate of 2.9 percent of less; yellow is 3-9.9 percent; red is greater than 9.9 percent.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"There's not much wiggle room,\" Leung said. \"We need about 90 percent of our community to be immune. What we've done with our maps is highlight schools where 10 percent or more of their incoming kids have exempted from vaccines, so these schools are more vulnerable to vaccine-preventable outbreaks.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_128086\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 640px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-full wp-image-128086\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2014/02/CIRTreasureIsleCleanup.jpg\" alt=\"Radioactive warning signs are posted on the fence surrounding a cleanup site on Treasure Island in 2012. (Michael Short/The Center for Investigative Reporting)\" width=\"640\" height=\"360\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Radioactive warning signs are posted on the fence surrounding a cleanup site on Treasure Island in 2012. (Michael Short/The Center for Investigative Reporting)\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>By Matt Smith and Katharine Mieszkowski, The Center for Investigative Reporting\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Halfway across the San Francisco-Oakland Bay Bridge, an abrupt exit leads to Treasure Island, a seven-sided plain with spectacular views that inspire grandiose dreams. The Army Corps of Engineers created the island for the 1939 Golden Gate International Exposition, encircling 400 acres of bay shoals with rock walls, draining them, filling the void with sand and soil, and naming it after the famous adventure novel. Today, the city of San Francisco has set its sights on erecting a second downtown there.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But Treasure Island’s fate in the intervening decades – and a long-secret legacy of radioactive waste left behind – has complicated those plans.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>After the exposition, the island was set to become a civilian airport – until the United States entered World War II. The Navy seized the land for the Treasure Island Naval Station and demolished the expo’s Art Moderne structures, leaving just the terminal and two hangars. In the spaces around them rose a little village of beige one- and two-story sheds.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>For years, the base served its purpose until, in 1993, it landed on a decommission list. The military decamped, dismantling and cleanup began, and a few years later some former Navy housing was turned into city-subsidized rentals. By 2007, the Navy was well into the process of preparing the land for full transfer to civilian control.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>That year, cleanup operations shifted from removing Navy industrial toxics and sludge to identifying any lingering radioactive waste. New World Environmental, a contractor working for the Navy, assigned specialist Robert McLean to conduct a preliminary radiation survey.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>That was how McLean found himself cruising through neighborhoods built near former U.S. Navy training academies, with a Ludlum radiation meter poked out of his truck window. He did not expect to find much; just the year before, a Navy-commissioned historical report had suggested there was little likelihood that significant radioactive waste would be found on the island. And by then hundreds of San Franciscans were living in modest townhouses on Treasure Island and neighboring Yerba Buena Island – with the Navy’s assurances that doing so was perfectly safe.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Then, the sensor needle hopped.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“We picked up readings from inside the truck, without even getting out of the vehicle,” said McLean, speaking publicly about his discovery for the first time. That first detection was not the last.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>\u003ca href=\"http://cironline.org/reports/treasure-island-cleanup-exposes-navy%E2%80%99s-mishandling-its-nuclear-past-5986\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Read the full story (CIROnline.org)\u003c/a>\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>This story was produced by The Center for Investigative Reporting. It was published with the Bulletin of Atomic Scientists.\u003ca href=\"http://cironline.org/reports/treasure-island-cleanup-exposes-navy%E2%80%99s-mishandling-its-nuclear-past-5986\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">\u003cbr>\n\u003c/a>\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Reporters Matt Smith and Katharine Mieszkowski joined \u003ca href=\"http://www.kqed.org/a/forum/R201402280930\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">KQED’s “Forum\u003c/a>” this morning to discuss their yearlong investigation, which questions whether Treasure Island is safe for current residents and explores the implications for San Francisco’s plans to build thousands of new units there.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003ciframe loading=\"lazy\" src=\"https://w.soundcloud.com/player/?url=https%3A//api.soundcloud.com/tracks/137266023&auto_play=false&hide_related=false&visual=true\" frameborder=\"no\" scrolling=\"no\" width=\"100%\" height=\"300\">\u003c/iframe>\u003c/p>\n\n",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>That year, cleanup operations shifted from removing Navy industrial toxics and sludge to identifying any lingering radioactive waste. New World Environmental, a contractor working for the Navy, assigned specialist Robert McLean to conduct a preliminary radiation survey.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>That was how McLean found himself cruising through neighborhoods built near former U.S. Navy training academies, with a Ludlum radiation meter poked out of his truck window. He did not expect to find much; just the year before, a Navy-commissioned historical report had suggested there was little likelihood that significant radioactive waste would be found on the island. And by then hundreds of San Franciscans were living in modest townhouses on Treasure Island and neighboring Yerba Buena Island – with the Navy’s assurances that doing so was perfectly safe.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Then, the sensor needle hopped.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“We picked up readings from inside the truck, without even getting out of the vehicle,” said McLean, speaking publicly about his discovery for the first time. That first detection was not the last.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>\u003ca href=\"http://cironline.org/reports/treasure-island-cleanup-exposes-navy%E2%80%99s-mishandling-its-nuclear-past-5986\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Read the full story (CIROnline.org)\u003c/a>\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>This story was produced by The Center for Investigative Reporting. It was published with the Bulletin of Atomic Scientists.\u003ca href=\"http://cironline.org/reports/treasure-island-cleanup-exposes-navy%E2%80%99s-mishandling-its-nuclear-past-5986\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">\u003cbr>\n\u003c/a>\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Reporters Matt Smith and Katharine Mieszkowski joined \u003ca href=\"http://www.kqed.org/a/forum/R201402280930\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">KQED’s “Forum\u003c/a>” this morning to discuss their yearlong investigation, which questions whether Treasure Island is safe for current residents and explores the implications for San Francisco’s plans to build thousands of new units there.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003ciframe loading=\"lazy\" src=\"https://w.soundcloud.com/player/?url=https%3A//api.soundcloud.com/tracks/137266023&auto_play=false&hide_related=false&visual=true\" frameborder=\"no\" scrolling=\"no\" width=\"100%\" height=\"300\">\u003c/iframe>\u003c/p>\n\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>",
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"content": "\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2014/02/cow-drought.jpg\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"aligncenter size-medium wp-image-128047\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2014/02/cow-drought-640x450.jpg\" alt=\"US-ENVIRONMENT-WEATHER-DROUGHT-LIVESTOCK\" width=\"640\" height=\"450\">\u003c/a>\u003cbr>\nAssemblyman Marc Levine has introduced legislation, AB2071, to clarify rules regulating the use of treated wastewater for pasture animals. Dairy farmers are expressing concern that treated wastewater could be unsafe for consumers. Levine promised to continue studying the issue as the bill moves through the legislative process. (Frederic J. Brown/Getty Images)\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2014/02/well.jpg\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"aligncenter size-medium wp-image-128048\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2014/02/well-640x450.jpg\" alt=\"well\" width=\"640\" height=\"450\">\u003c/a>\u003cbr>\nIn Alameda County, employees of a remediation company dig a groundwater monitoring well in Newark to check how far a plume of contaminants has spread from an underground fuel tank. (Mark Andrew Boyer/KQED)\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2014/02/Jerold-fire.jpg\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"aligncenter size-medium wp-image-128049\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2014/02/Jerold-fire-640x449.jpg\" alt=\"Jerold fire\" width=\"640\" height=\"449\">\u003c/a>\u003cbr>\nA Luxor cab service garage was destroyed in a \u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/news/2014/02/24/san-francisco-firefighters-battle-three-alarm-bayview-blaze\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">three-alarm fire\u003c/a> on Monday, Feb. 24. A dark plume of smoke was visible across the city, although firefighters contained the blaze, which did not spread to nearby structures. (Paul Lancour/KQED)\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2014/02/Shungun.jpg\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"aligncenter size-medium wp-image-128050\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2014/02/Shungun-640x450.jpg\" alt=\"Shungun\" width=\"640\" height=\"450\">\u003c/a>\u003cbr>\nThe Dalai Lama’s three-day visit to the Bay Area was disrupted multiple times by Tibetans who practice another strand of Buddhism called Shugden. The Dalai Lama once embraced Shugden, but denounced it in 1975 after deciding it contributed to “sectarian disharmony.” Despite the protesters, about \u003ca href=\"http://www.berkeleyside.com/2014/02/24/amid-protests-the-dali-lama-visits-berkeley/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">3,000 people crammed into the Berkeley Community Theatre \u003c/a>on the Berkeley High campus Sunday, Feb. 23, to hear a talk on “How to Achieve Happiness,” by the Dalai Lama. (Ted Friedman/\u003ca href=\"http://www.berkeleyside.com/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Berkeleyside\u003c/a>)\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2014/02/Fulton-mall.jpg\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"aligncenter size-medium wp-image-128051\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2014/02/Fulton-mall-640x449.jpg\" alt=\"Fulton mall\" width=\"640\" height=\"449\">\u003c/a>\u003cbr>\nFifty years ago, Fresno built the state’s first outdoor downtown pedestrian mall. It was a pioneering idea at the time, but on Thursday, Feb. 27, the C\u003ca href=\"http://www.californiareport.org/archive/R201402270850/b\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">ity Council decided to allow cars\u003c/a> back into the mall. It was a contentious, standing-room-only meeting, but ultimately council members decided that the forward-looking experiment did not work and that the pedestrian mall was not economically viable. (Courtesy: Downtown Fresno Coalition)\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2014/02/cow-drought.jpg\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"aligncenter size-medium wp-image-128047\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2014/02/cow-drought-640x450.jpg\" alt=\"US-ENVIRONMENT-WEATHER-DROUGHT-LIVESTOCK\" width=\"640\" height=\"450\">\u003c/a>\u003cbr>\nAssemblyman Marc Levine has introduced legislation, AB2071, to clarify rules regulating the use of treated wastewater for pasture animals. Dairy farmers are expressing concern that treated wastewater could be unsafe for consumers. Levine promised to continue studying the issue as the bill moves through the legislative process. (Frederic J. Brown/Getty Images)\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2014/02/well.jpg\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"aligncenter size-medium wp-image-128048\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2014/02/well-640x450.jpg\" alt=\"well\" width=\"640\" height=\"450\">\u003c/a>\u003cbr>\nIn Alameda County, employees of a remediation company dig a groundwater monitoring well in Newark to check how far a plume of contaminants has spread from an underground fuel tank. (Mark Andrew Boyer/KQED)\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2014/02/Jerold-fire.jpg\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"aligncenter size-medium wp-image-128049\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2014/02/Jerold-fire-640x449.jpg\" alt=\"Jerold fire\" width=\"640\" height=\"449\">\u003c/a>\u003cbr>\nA Luxor cab service garage was destroyed in a \u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/news/2014/02/24/san-francisco-firefighters-battle-three-alarm-bayview-blaze\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">three-alarm fire\u003c/a> on Monday, Feb. 24. A dark plume of smoke was visible across the city, although firefighters contained the blaze, which did not spread to nearby structures. (Paul Lancour/KQED)\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2014/02/Shungun.jpg\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"aligncenter size-medium wp-image-128050\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2014/02/Shungun-640x450.jpg\" alt=\"Shungun\" width=\"640\" height=\"450\">\u003c/a>\u003cbr>\nThe Dalai Lama’s three-day visit to the Bay Area was disrupted multiple times by Tibetans who practice another strand of Buddhism called Shugden. The Dalai Lama once embraced Shugden, but denounced it in 1975 after deciding it contributed to “sectarian disharmony.” Despite the protesters, about \u003ca href=\"http://www.berkeleyside.com/2014/02/24/amid-protests-the-dali-lama-visits-berkeley/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">3,000 people crammed into the Berkeley Community Theatre \u003c/a>on the Berkeley High campus Sunday, Feb. 23, to hear a talk on “How to Achieve Happiness,” by the Dalai Lama. (Ted Friedman/\u003ca href=\"http://www.berkeleyside.com/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Berkeleyside\u003c/a>)\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2014/02/Fulton-mall.jpg\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"aligncenter size-medium wp-image-128051\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2014/02/Fulton-mall-640x449.jpg\" alt=\"Fulton mall\" width=\"640\" height=\"449\">\u003c/a>\u003cbr>\nFifty years ago, Fresno built the state’s first outdoor downtown pedestrian mall. It was a pioneering idea at the time, but on Thursday, Feb. 27, the C\u003ca href=\"http://www.californiareport.org/archive/R201402270850/b\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">ity Council decided to allow cars\u003c/a> back into the mall. It was a contentious, standing-room-only meeting, but ultimately council members decided that the forward-looking experiment did not work and that the pedestrian mall was not economically viable. (Courtesy: Downtown Fresno Coalition)\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_127921\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 640px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-medium wp-image-127921 \" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2014/02/RS8993_467012475-lpr-640x426.jpg\" alt=\"California beef cattle\" width=\"640\" height=\"426\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">(David McNew/Getty Images) \u003ccite>(David McNew/Getty Images)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Rancho Feeding Corp., the Petaluma slaughterhouse at the center of a massive beef recall, may have processed animals with cancer of the eye, \u003ca title=\"Slaughterhouse accused of selling meat from cows with cancer\" href=\"http://www.sfgate.com/health/article/Slaughterhouse-accused-of-selling-meat-from-cows-5267836.php\">according to the San Francisco Chronicle\u003c/a>. That’s one development reported Wednesday about the facility, which is \u003ca title=\"Rep. Jared Huffman: Prosecutors Investigating Petaluma Slaughterhouse \" href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/news/2014/02/24/rep-jared-huffman-prosecutors-investigating-petaluma-slaughterhouse/\">currently under investigation by federal prosecutors and the U.S. Department of Agriculture\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Another development: \u003ca title=\"Union: Federal inspector reported problems at Petaluma slaughterhouse\" href=\"http://www.pressdemocrat.com/article/20140225/articles/140229682\">the Santa Rosa Press Democrat reports\u003c/a> that a USDA inspector tried to flag problems at the plant to her supervisors, only to be ignored.\u003c/p>\n\u003caside class=\"pullquote alignleft\">‘If the inspector saw violations and was thwarted in her ability to do her job … then USDA is culpable.’\u003c/aside>\n\u003cp>On Wednesday, KQED’s Mina Kim talked with Tony Corbo, senior lobbyist for Washington, D.C.-based consumer advocacy group Food and Water Watch. He noted there is an internal whistleblower line for USDA inspectors to call if they feel supervisors are ignoring violations.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“There are avenues for an inspector to contact the Office of Inspector General,” Corbo said. “There is a whistleblower hotline that inspectors can call to report that they’re finding violations and being thwarted in their ability to do their job.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>It is unclear whether or not the USDA inspector in question called the whistleblower line.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Could the USDA be culpable for what happened at Rancho Feeding Corp.?\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“For 9 million pounds of meat to go into commerce without inspection leads me to believe that there was a breakdown in the inspection process,” Corbo said. “If in fact the inspector on the scene saw violations of law and regulations and attempted to deal with them, and she was thwarted in her ability to do her job, then yes. USDA is culpable.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003ciframe loading=\"lazy\" src=\"https://w.soundcloud.com/player/?url=https%3A//api.soundcloud.com/tracks/136956581&color=ff5500&auto_play=false&hide_related=false&show_artwork=true\" frameborder=\"no\" scrolling=\"no\" width=\"100%\" height=\"166\">\u003c/iframe>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>For more on the processing of animals with cancer of the eye, Mina Kim spoke with \u003ca href=\"http://www.imdb.com/title/tt1278469/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Temple Grandin\u003c/a>, a Colorado State University professor who wrote the American Meat Institute’s humane slaughter guidelines.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>She noted that USDA inspectors are required to inspect the cows live in the yard, and that cancer of the eye would be visible on a live cow to an inspector, though the disease can vary in severity from a tiny spot to where it has eaten away part of the cow’s face. USDA officials say Rancho Feeding Corp. circumvented inspectors.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>As for the health consequences of eating meat from a cow that had cancer of the eye?\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“It’s very disgusting, but you’re probably going to be just fine,” Grandin said. “There’s other things I’d be a lot more worried about, like tuberculosis.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The \u003ca title=\"Lawyer for Petaluma slaughterhouse co-owner speaks up\" href=\"http://www.sfgate.com/bayarea/article/Lawyer-for-Petaluma-slaughterhouse-co-owner-5271485.php\">San Francisco Chronicle reports\u003c/a> a lawyer for one of the owners of Rancho Feeding Corp. says the company is cooperating with the ongoing investigation.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>On February 28, KQED reporter Mina Kim discussed the latest on the USDA’s investigation of Rancho Feeding Corp. with Scott Shafer on KQED’s “Newsroom”:\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003ciframe loading=\"lazy\" src=\"//www.youtube.com/embed/JevsiTHz3-o\" frameborder=\"0\" width=\"640\" height=\"350\">\u003c/iframe>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>On February 18, the Santa Rosa Press Democrat \u003ca href=\"http://www.pressdemocrat.com/article/20140218/articles/140219545#page=0\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">published a partial list\u003c/a> of specific products subject to the Rancho Feeding Corp. recall. Some affected products include:\u003c/p>\n\u003cul>\n\u003cli>El Monterey Beef & Cheese Taquitos – Flour Tortillas, 20 count\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>El Monterey Ranchero Steak Tornados, 4.5 lb (24 count)\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>Hot Pocket Philly Steak & Cheese, 9 oz., UPC4369507107\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>Hot Pocket Croissant Crust Philly Steak & Cheese, 9 oz., UPC 4369505634\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>Hot Pocket Philly Steak & Cheese, 54 oz., UPC 4369507520\u003c/li>\n\u003c/ul>\n\n",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_127921\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 640px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-medium wp-image-127921 \" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2014/02/RS8993_467012475-lpr-640x426.jpg\" alt=\"California beef cattle\" width=\"640\" height=\"426\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">(David McNew/Getty Images) \u003ccite>(David McNew/Getty Images)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Rancho Feeding Corp., the Petaluma slaughterhouse at the center of a massive beef recall, may have processed animals with cancer of the eye, \u003ca title=\"Slaughterhouse accused of selling meat from cows with cancer\" href=\"http://www.sfgate.com/health/article/Slaughterhouse-accused-of-selling-meat-from-cows-5267836.php\">according to the San Francisco Chronicle\u003c/a>. That’s one development reported Wednesday about the facility, which is \u003ca title=\"Rep. Jared Huffman: Prosecutors Investigating Petaluma Slaughterhouse \" href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/news/2014/02/24/rep-jared-huffman-prosecutors-investigating-petaluma-slaughterhouse/\">currently under investigation by federal prosecutors and the U.S. Department of Agriculture\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Another development: \u003ca title=\"Union: Federal inspector reported problems at Petaluma slaughterhouse\" href=\"http://www.pressdemocrat.com/article/20140225/articles/140229682\">the Santa Rosa Press Democrat reports\u003c/a> that a USDA inspector tried to flag problems at the plant to her supervisors, only to be ignored.\u003c/p>\n\u003caside class=\"pullquote alignleft\">‘If the inspector saw violations and was thwarted in her ability to do her job … then USDA is culpable.’\u003c/aside>\n\u003cp>On Wednesday, KQED’s Mina Kim talked with Tony Corbo, senior lobbyist for Washington, D.C.-based consumer advocacy group Food and Water Watch. He noted there is an internal whistleblower line for USDA inspectors to call if they feel supervisors are ignoring violations.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“There are avenues for an inspector to contact the Office of Inspector General,” Corbo said. “There is a whistleblower hotline that inspectors can call to report that they’re finding violations and being thwarted in their ability to do their job.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>It is unclear whether or not the USDA inspector in question called the whistleblower line.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Could the USDA be culpable for what happened at Rancho Feeding Corp.?\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“For 9 million pounds of meat to go into commerce without inspection leads me to believe that there was a breakdown in the inspection process,” Corbo said. “If in fact the inspector on the scene saw violations of law and regulations and attempted to deal with them, and she was thwarted in her ability to do her job, then yes. USDA is culpable.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003ciframe loading=\"lazy\" src=\"https://w.soundcloud.com/player/?url=https%3A//api.soundcloud.com/tracks/136956581&color=ff5500&auto_play=false&hide_related=false&show_artwork=true\" frameborder=\"no\" scrolling=\"no\" width=\"100%\" height=\"166\">\u003c/iframe>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>For more on the processing of animals with cancer of the eye, Mina Kim spoke with \u003ca href=\"http://www.imdb.com/title/tt1278469/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Temple Grandin\u003c/a>, a Colorado State University professor who wrote the American Meat Institute’s humane slaughter guidelines.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>She noted that USDA inspectors are required to inspect the cows live in the yard, and that cancer of the eye would be visible on a live cow to an inspector, though the disease can vary in severity from a tiny spot to where it has eaten away part of the cow’s face. USDA officials say Rancho Feeding Corp. circumvented inspectors.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>As for the health consequences of eating meat from a cow that had cancer of the eye?\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“It’s very disgusting, but you’re probably going to be just fine,” Grandin said. “There’s other things I’d be a lot more worried about, like tuberculosis.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The \u003ca title=\"Lawyer for Petaluma slaughterhouse co-owner speaks up\" href=\"http://www.sfgate.com/bayarea/article/Lawyer-for-Petaluma-slaughterhouse-co-owner-5271485.php\">San Francisco Chronicle reports\u003c/a> a lawyer for one of the owners of Rancho Feeding Corp. says the company is cooperating with the ongoing investigation.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>On February 28, KQED reporter Mina Kim discussed the latest on the USDA’s investigation of Rancho Feeding Corp. with Scott Shafer on KQED’s “Newsroom”:\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003ciframe loading=\"lazy\" src=\"//www.youtube.com/embed/JevsiTHz3-o\" frameborder=\"0\" width=\"640\" height=\"350\">\u003c/iframe>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>On February 18, the Santa Rosa Press Democrat \u003ca href=\"http://www.pressdemocrat.com/article/20140218/articles/140219545#page=0\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">published a partial list\u003c/a> of specific products subject to the Rancho Feeding Corp. recall. Some affected products include:\u003c/p>\n\u003cul>\n\u003cli>El Monterey Beef & Cheese Taquitos – Flour Tortillas, 20 count\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>El Monterey Ranchero Steak Tornados, 4.5 lb (24 count)\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>Hot Pocket Philly Steak & Cheese, 9 oz., UPC4369507107\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>Hot Pocket Croissant Crust Philly Steak & Cheese, 9 oz., UPC 4369505634\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>Hot Pocket Philly Steak & Cheese, 54 oz., UPC 4369507520\u003c/li>\n\u003c/ul>\n\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>",
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"info": "Possible is hosted by entrepreneur Reid Hoffman and writer Aria Finger. Together in Possible, Hoffman and Finger lead enlightening discussions about building a brighter collective future. The show features interviews with visionary guests like Trevor Noah, Sam Altman and Janette Sadik-Khan. Possible paints an optimistic portrait of the world we can create through science, policy, business, art and our shared humanity. It asks: What if everything goes right for once? How can we get there? Each episode also includes a short fiction story generated by advanced AI GPT-4, serving as a thought-provoking springboard to speculate how humanity could leverage technology for good.",
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