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"slug": "from-hate-speech-to-fake-news-the-content-crisis-facing-mark-zuckerberg",
"title": "From Hate Speech to Fake News: the Content Crisis Facing Mark Zuckerberg",
"publishDate": 1479414365,
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"headTitle": "From Hate Speech to Fake News: the Content Crisis Facing Mark Zuckerberg | KQED",
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"content": "\u003cp>\u003cem>\u003cstrong>Editor’s Note:\u003c/strong> This story contains images and language that some readers may find disturbing.\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Mark Zuckerberg — one of the most insightful, adept leaders in the business world — has a problem. It’s a problem he has been slow to acknowledge, even though it has become more apparent by the day.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Several current and former Facebook employees tell NPR there is a lot of internal turmoil about how the platform does and doesn’t censor content that users find offensive. And outside Facebook, the public is regularly confounded by the company’s decisions — around controversial posts and around fake news.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>(Did \u003ca href=\"http://www.snopes.com/pope-francis-donald-trump-endorsement/\">Pope Francis really endorse\u003c/a> Donald Trump? Does Hillary Clinton really have a \u003ca href=\"http://eaglerising.com/36880/a-hillary-clinton-administration-may-be-entirely-run-by-a-figurehead/\">body double\u003c/a>?)\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Behind whatever the controversy of the moment happens to be, there’s a deep-seated problem. The problem is this: At age 19, the then-boy genius started a social network that was basically a tech-savvy way to \u003ca href=\"https://www.theguardian.com/technology/2007/jul/25/media.newmedia\">check out classmates\u003c/a> in school. Then, over the course of 12 years, he made some very strategic decisions that have morphed Facebook into the most powerful distributor on Earth — the new front page of the news for \u003ca href=\"https://newsroom.fb.com/company-info/\">more than 1 billion\u003c/a> people every day. But Zuckerberg didn’t sign up to head a media company — as in, one that has to make editorial judgments.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c!-- iframe plugin v.4.3 wordpress.org/plugins/iframe/ -->\u003cbr>\n\u003ciframe loading=\"lazy\" src=\"https://www.npr.org/player/embed/495827410/502402451\" width=\"100%\" height=\"290\" frameborder=\"0\" scrolling=\"no\" title=\"NPR embedded audio player\" class=\"iframe-class\">\u003c/iframe>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>He and his team have made a very complex set of contradictory rules — a bias toward restricted speech for regular users, and toward free speech for “news” (real or fake). And the company relies on a sprawling army of subcontractors to enforce the rules. People involved in trying to make it work say they’re in way over their heads. As one employee put it, “We started out of a college dorm. I mean, c’mon, we’re Facebook. We never wanted to deal with this s***.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Subcontractors running the show\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>NPR got the official version of how the company censors and leaves up content this summer when Facebook’s head of policy, Monika Bickert, agreed to a phone interview. We spoke with 10 current and former employees total, on the record and on background, for this investigation.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>It’s hard to remember this sometimes, but Facebook has never claimed to be a free-speech platform. The company is trying to create a safe space where, unlike on Twitter, people can share without being trolled or shamed. Bickert is in charge of setting the content policies. The \u003ca href=\"https://www.facebook.com/communitystandards\">Community Standards\u003c/a>, which are posted online, are the rules for everyday users.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>She explained that when a user reports a piece of content that might be offensive, the company exercises its power to censor with precision.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[contextly_sidebar id=”rW0OoouzHwixJ3pMYhx8Zi9oUCslrao5″]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Context is so important. It’s critical when we are looking to determine whether or not something is hate speech, or a credible threat of violence,” she said. “We look at how a specific person shared a specific post or word or photo to Facebook. So we’re looking to see why did this particular share happen on Facebook? Why did this particular post happen?”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>However, three of Bickert’s former colleagues tell a very different story of how Facebook deals with controversial content. They and others declined to be named for fear of job repercussions (at Facebook or at their current employers, also internet companies), but their descriptions are consistent with each other.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>When a user flags a post on Facebook — whether it’s a picture, video or text post — it goes to a little-known division called the “community operations team.”\u003c/p>\n\u003caside class=\"pullquote alignright\">‘You have to use judgment, in a system that doesn’t give you the time to make a real judgment.’\u003c/aside>\n\u003cp>In 2010, the sources say, the team had a couple hundred workers in five countries. Facebook found it needed more hands on deck. After trying crowdsourcing solutions like CrowdFlower, the company turned to the consulting firm Accenture to put together a dedicated team of subcontractors. Sources say the team is now several thousand people, with some of the largest offices in Manila, the Philippines, and Warsaw, Poland.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Current and former employees of Facebook say that they’ve observed these subcontractors in action; that they are told to go fast — very fast; that they’re evaluated on speed; and that on average, a worker makes a decision about a piece of flagged content once every 10 seconds.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Let’s do a back-of-the-envelope calculation. Say a worker is doing an eight-hour shift, at the rate of one post per 10 seconds. That means they’re clearing 2,880 posts a day per person. When NPR ran these numbers by current and former employees, they said that sounds reasonable.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>A Facebook spokesperson says response times vary widely, depending on what is being reported; that the vast majority of flagged content is not removed; and that the numbers are off. Facebook did not provide alternative numbers.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[contextly_sidebar id=”GHUFwakLngKMdaqXezKhADivYvtrrydc”]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>If the sources — who have firsthand knowledge and spoke separately with NPR — are correct, then this may be the biggest editing — aka censorship — operation in the history of media. All the while, Facebook leaders insist they’re just running a “platform,” free of human judgment.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>A person who worked on this area of “content management” for Facebook (as an employee, not a subcontractor) says most of the content you see falls neatly into categories that don’t need deep reflection: “That’s an erect penis. Check.” So it’s not like the workers are analyzing every single one in detail.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The problem is that simple and complex items all go into the same big pile. So, the source says, “you go on autopilot” and don’t realize when “you have to use judgment, in a system that doesn’t give you the time to make a real judgment.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>A classic case is something like “Becky looks pregnant.” It could be cyberbullying or a compliment. The subcontractor “pretty much tosses a coin,” the source says.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Here’s another huge barrier. Because of privacy laws and technical glitches (such as a post that is truncated to show only part of the conversation), the subcontractors typically don’t get to see the full context — to which Bickert referred so often.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Frequent errors\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>That could be the cause of frequent errors.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>NPR decided to stress-test the system by flagging nearly 200 posts that could be considered hate speech — specifically, attacks against blacks and against whites in the U.S. We found that Facebook subcontractors were not consistent and made numerous mistakes, including in instances where a user calls for violence.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>We say they were mistakes because the company changed its position in dozens of instances, removing some and restoring others — either when we flagged it a second time through the automated system or brought it to the attention of Facebook headquarters in Menlo Park.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Consider this post:\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11178624\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 800px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-medium wp-image-11178624\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2016/11/FBNPR800-800x949.jpg\" alt=\"A comment on this post (indicated by the light gray text) was flagged by NPR. Facebook's subcontractors did not remove the comment, but after being pressed further, a spokesperson said they made a mistake and it should have been removed.\" width=\"800\" height=\"949\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2016/11/FBNPR800.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2016/11/FBNPR800-160x190.jpg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2016/11/FBNPR800-240x285.jpg 240w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2016/11/FBNPR800-375x445.jpg 375w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2016/11/FBNPR800-520x617.jpg 520w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">A comment on this post (indicated by the light gray text) was flagged by NPR. Facebook’s subcontractors did not remove the comment, but after being pressed further, a spokesperson said they made a mistake and it should have been removed. \u003ccite>(Facebook/Screenshot by NPR)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>One user shares a video of a police officer kicking someone on the ground, and another says they “need to start organizing and sniping these bitches.” This is a call to shoot cops.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>And it’s occurring in a very specific context: days after \u003ca href=\"http://www.npr.org/sections/thetwo-way/2016/07/07/485066807/police-stop-ends-in-black-mans-death-aftermath-is-livestreamed-online-video\">Philando Castile\u003c/a> was shot and killed by an officer (the shooting’s aftermath was live-streamed on Facebook); and in a city in Minnesota that’s just a few miles away from where Castile lay bleeding.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The subcontractors did not remove the post. When NPR emailed Facebook headquarters about it, a spokesperson said they made a mistake and the post should have been removed.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>One source tells NPR that the subcontractor “likely” could not see the full post if just the comment was flagged, could not see the profile of the user or even view the video to which the user was responding — again for privacy or technical reasons.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Different projects within Facebook have to compete fiercely for engineering talent, and have to make the case that their to-do list is worth expensive company resources. Two sources say that over the years, it’s been hard to make that case for fixing the editing system.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11178627\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 800px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-medium wp-image-11178627\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2016/11/WLM800-800x574.jpg\" alt=\"Of posts that NPR flagged, this one, with the hashtag #blacklivesdontmatter, was left up erroneously, according to Facebook officials.\" width=\"800\" height=\"574\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2016/11/WLM800-800x574.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2016/11/WLM800-160x115.jpg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2016/11/WLM800-240x172.jpg 240w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2016/11/WLM800-375x269.jpg 375w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2016/11/WLM800-520x373.jpg 520w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2016/11/WLM800.jpg 813w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Of posts that NPR flagged, this one, with the hashtag #blacklivesdontmatter, was left up erroneously, according to Facebook officials. \u003ccite>(Facebook/Screenshot by NPR)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>NPR shared many posts with the company to get specific feedback on why something stayed up or was taken down. This post, with the hashtag #blacklivesdontmatter, was left up. The spokesperson says it should have been removed, but the reviewer’s perspective is not the same as a regular Facebook user; and because the company is protecting privacy, reviewers don’t have access to everything, which \u003cem>can\u003c/em> affect their judgments. Also, the spokesperson says, reviewers don’t have the time a person at Facebook headquarters or at NPR may have to make a decision.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Another spokesperson notes that just because the reviewer has a limited view does not mean Bickert’s description is incorrect — that the two versions of the process are not mutually exclusive.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>A restrictive platform\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>NPR also finds, interestingly, that Facebook can be strict.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Think of it this way. Every media outlet has its own culture and voice. If \u003cem>The New York Times \u003c/em>is urban liberal, Fox News is conservative, and Playboy is racy, you could say Facebook aspires to be nice — a global brand that’s as easy to swallow as Coca-Cola. (In this provocative \u003ca href=\"http://shorensteincenter.org/jeffrey-rosen-future-of-free-speech-in-a-digital-world/\">talk at Harvard’s Shorenstein Center\u003c/a>, law professor and author Jeffrey Rosen says Facebook favors “civility” over “liberty.”)\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The bias is evident in these real-life examples:\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11178629\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 800px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-medium wp-image-11178629\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2016/11/smack-cheese-edit_custom-ba74c37ee123fac3f669f0406811bf1976130be4-s1600-c85-800x428.jpg\" alt=\"One example of a Facebook post that was flagged where racial slurs were used.\" width=\"800\" height=\"428\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2016/11/smack-cheese-edit_custom-ba74c37ee123fac3f669f0406811bf1976130be4-s1600-c85-800x428.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2016/11/smack-cheese-edit_custom-ba74c37ee123fac3f669f0406811bf1976130be4-s1600-c85-160x86.jpg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2016/11/smack-cheese-edit_custom-ba74c37ee123fac3f669f0406811bf1976130be4-s1600-c85-240x128.jpg 240w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2016/11/smack-cheese-edit_custom-ba74c37ee123fac3f669f0406811bf1976130be4-s1600-c85-375x201.jpg 375w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2016/11/smack-cheese-edit_custom-ba74c37ee123fac3f669f0406811bf1976130be4-s1600-c85-520x278.jpg 520w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2016/11/smack-cheese-edit_custom-ba74c37ee123fac3f669f0406811bf1976130be4-s1600-c85-280x150.jpg 280w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2016/11/smack-cheese-edit_custom-ba74c37ee123fac3f669f0406811bf1976130be4-s1600-c85.jpg 888w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">One example of a Facebook post that was flagged where racial slurs were used. \u003ccite>(Facebook/Screenshot by NPR)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11178632\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 800px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-medium wp-image-11178632\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2016/11/SadisticCap-800x301.jpg\" alt=\"A second example of a Facebook post that was flagged where racial slurs were used.\" width=\"800\" height=\"301\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2016/11/SadisticCap.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2016/11/SadisticCap-160x60.jpg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2016/11/SadisticCap-240x90.jpg 240w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2016/11/SadisticCap-375x141.jpg 375w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2016/11/SadisticCap-520x196.jpg 520w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">A second example of a Facebook post that was flagged where racial slurs were used. \u003ccite>(Facebook/Screenshot by NPR)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>NPR asked two newsroom veterans to put themselves in the position of a Facebook content arbiter. We don’t have access to Facebook’s internal guidance on hate speech, so they had to rely on their own judgment and familiarity with Facebook as users.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Lynette Clemetson, formerly with NPR and now at the University of Michigan, says of Post 1, “now that’s just dumb.” Post 2, she says, sounds like a “rant.” Chip Mahaney, a former managing editor at a Fox television station, agrees. Both experts venture to guess that the posts are acceptable speech on the platform.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>To their surprise, they’re not.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>When NPR flagged the posts, Facebook censors decided to take them down. The spokesperson explains to NPR: It’s OK to use racial slurs when being self-referential. A black person can say things like “my niggers.” But no one can use a slur to attack an individual or group. That’s prohibited. A white person cannot use the word “nigger” to mock or attack blacks. Blacks can’t use “crakkker” (in whatever spelling) to offend whites.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Wiggle room in pictures\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But there are so many caveats and exceptions — particularly when it comes to interpreting images and videos.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Consider this post:\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11178634\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 800px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-medium wp-image-11178634\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2016/11/swing-set-edit-final_custom-607fe4060240382150d79dfee8f71c7067a2438c-s1600-c85-800x413.jpg\" alt=\"This image showing a noose, which was flagged by NPR, was not removed. A Facebook spokesperson explains that if the image included a person, a specific victim of a hate crime, then it would be removed.\" width=\"800\" height=\"413\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2016/11/swing-set-edit-final_custom-607fe4060240382150d79dfee8f71c7067a2438c-s1600-c85-800x413.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2016/11/swing-set-edit-final_custom-607fe4060240382150d79dfee8f71c7067a2438c-s1600-c85-160x83.jpg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2016/11/swing-set-edit-final_custom-607fe4060240382150d79dfee8f71c7067a2438c-s1600-c85-960x496.jpg 960w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2016/11/swing-set-edit-final_custom-607fe4060240382150d79dfee8f71c7067a2438c-s1600-c85-240x124.jpg 240w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2016/11/swing-set-edit-final_custom-607fe4060240382150d79dfee8f71c7067a2438c-s1600-c85-375x194.jpg 375w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2016/11/swing-set-edit-final_custom-607fe4060240382150d79dfee8f71c7067a2438c-s1600-c85-520x269.jpg 520w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2016/11/swing-set-edit-final_custom-607fe4060240382150d79dfee8f71c7067a2438c-s1600-c85.jpg 995w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">This image showing a noose, which was flagged by NPR, was not removed. A Facebook spokesperson explains that if the image included a person, a specific victim of a hate crime, then it would be removed. \u003ccite>(Facebook/Screenshot by NPR)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>This is a noose, the kind used to hang slaves. Beside it is a sign. While the letters are faded, you can make out the words: “Nigger swing set.” It was shared by a user named “White Lives Matter 2.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The news veterans would take it down. Clemetson says it’s not quite a call to violent action, but it’s certainly a reference to past action. “It’s a reference to lynching — and making a joke of lynching.” Mahaney says this is “obviously a pretty difficult picture to look at” and his instinct is, unless there’s a deeper context, “I would say it has no place on here.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Facebook left it up, and stands by that decision.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The spokesperson explains this historical reference doesn’t have a human victim clearly depicted. If the image included a person, a specific subject of a hate crime, then it would be removed.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The spokesperson also made a claim that has not panned out: that in some situations, like this one, Facebook requires the user who created the page to add their real name to the “about” section. By removing anonymity, the hope is, people will be more thoughtful about what they post.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The spokesperson says “White Lives Matter 2” was told to identify him or herself promptly. Yet more than a month after NPR flagged the post, it hadn’t happened — yet another way Facebook’s enforcement mechanism is broken.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>With news, a double standard emerges\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>If the user rules weren’t nuanced enough, add to that a new plot line: CEO Zuckerberg decided to forge partnerships with news media to make his social network the most powerful distributor of news on Earth. (Facebook pays NPR and other news organizations to produce live videos for its site.)\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>What Facebook has found in the process is that it’s much harder to censor high-profile newsmakers than it is to censor regular users. As one source says, “Whoever screams the loudest gets our attention. We react.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>And that’s making newsworthy content a whole other category.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Consider the scandals around “Napalm Girl” and Donald Trump. In the first, Facebook was slammed for not allowing users to share \u003ca href=\"http://www.npr.org/sections/thetwo-way/2016/09/09/493267919/after-facebook-censors-iconic-photo-norwegian-newspaper-pushes-back\">a Pulitzer Prize-winning photo\u003c/a> because it showed child nudity. In the second, Facebook came under criticism for allowing Donald Trump \u003ca href=\"http://www.businessinsider.com/facebook-employees-wanted-to-block-donald-trump-report-2016-10\">to call for a ban on Muslims\u003c/a> coming to the U.S. — what is clearly hate speech under their regular rules, according to two former employees and a current one. One source said, “He hadn’t even won the Republican primary yet. What we decided mattered.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In both cases, the company caved to public pressure and decided to bend the rules. The source says both decisions were “highly controversial” among employees; and they signal that Facebook leadership is feeling pressure to move toward a free-speech standard for news distribution.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>How to define news is a huge source of controversy — not just with the elections, but with every charged moment. After Trump won, some critics blamed fake news on Facebook for the election’s outcome. (\u003ca href=\"http://www.npr.org/sections/alltechconsidered/2016/11/11/501743684/zuckerberg-denies-fake-news-on-facebook-had-impact-on-the-election\">Zuckerberg dismisses that idea\u003c/a>). After Philando Castile was shot by police, his video disappeared from Facebook. The company says it was “a glitch” and restored it. And the concern over its removal is part of an \u003ca href=\"http://fortune.com/2016/08/05/facebook-video-police/\">ongoing debate\u003c/a> about what police-civilian standoffs should be live-streamed.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>What now?\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Some in Silicon Valley dismiss the criticisms against Facebook as schadenfreude: Just like taxi drivers don’t like Uber, legacy media envies the success of the social platform and enjoys seeing its leadership on the hot seat.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>A former employee is not so dismissive and says there is a cultural problem, a stubborn blindness at Facebook and other leading internet companies like Twitter. The source says: “The hardest problems these companies face aren’t technological. They are ethical, and there’s not as much rigor in how it’s done.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>At a values level, some experts point out, Facebook has to decide if its solution is free speech (the more people post, the more the truth rises), or clear restrictions.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>And technically, there’s no shortage of ideas about how to fix the process.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>A former employee says speech is so complex, you can’t expect Facebook to arrive at the same decision each and every time; but you can expect a company that consistently ranks among the 10 most valuable on Earth, by market cap, to put more thought and resources into its censorship machine.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The source argues Facebook could afford to make content management regional — have decisions come from the same country in which a post occurs.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Speech norms are highly regional. When Facebook first opened its offices in Hyderabad, India, a former employee says, the guidance the reviewers got was to remove sexual content. In a test run, they ended up removing French kissing. Senior management was blown away. The Indian reviewers were doing something Facebook did not expect but which makes perfect sense for local norms.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Harvard business professor Ben Edelman says Facebook could invest engineering resources into categorizing the posts. “It makes no sense at all,” he says, that when a piece of content is flagged, it goes into one long line. The company could have the algorithm track what flagged content is getting the most circulation and move that up in the queue, he suggests.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Zuckerberg finds himself at the helm of a company that started as a tech company — run by algorithms, free of human judgment, the mythology went. And now he’s just so clearly the CEO of a media company — replete with highly complex rules (What is hate speech anyway?); with double standards (If it’s “news” it stays, if it’s a rant it goes); and with an enforcement mechanism that is set up to fail.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>Gabriela Mejias and Justina Vasquez contributed reporting to this story.\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad floatright]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Copyright 2016 NPR. To see more, visit \u003ca href=\"http://www.npr.org/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">NPR.org\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\n",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>\u003cem>\u003cstrong>Editor’s Note:\u003c/strong> This story contains images and language that some readers may find disturbing.\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Mark Zuckerberg — one of the most insightful, adept leaders in the business world — has a problem. It’s a problem he has been slow to acknowledge, even though it has become more apparent by the day.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Several current and former Facebook employees tell NPR there is a lot of internal turmoil about how the platform does and doesn’t censor content that users find offensive. And outside Facebook, the public is regularly confounded by the company’s decisions — around controversial posts and around fake news.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>(Did \u003ca href=\"http://www.snopes.com/pope-francis-donald-trump-endorsement/\">Pope Francis really endorse\u003c/a> Donald Trump? Does Hillary Clinton really have a \u003ca href=\"http://eaglerising.com/36880/a-hillary-clinton-administration-may-be-entirely-run-by-a-figurehead/\">body double\u003c/a>?)\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Behind whatever the controversy of the moment happens to be, there’s a deep-seated problem. The problem is this: At age 19, the then-boy genius started a social network that was basically a tech-savvy way to \u003ca href=\"https://www.theguardian.com/technology/2007/jul/25/media.newmedia\">check out classmates\u003c/a> in school. Then, over the course of 12 years, he made some very strategic decisions that have morphed Facebook into the most powerful distributor on Earth — the new front page of the news for \u003ca href=\"https://newsroom.fb.com/company-info/\">more than 1 billion\u003c/a> people every day. But Zuckerberg didn’t sign up to head a media company — as in, one that has to make editorial judgments.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c!-- iframe plugin v.4.3 wordpress.org/plugins/iframe/ -->\u003cbr>\n\u003ciframe loading=\"lazy\" src=\"https://www.npr.org/player/embed/495827410/502402451\" width=\"100%\" height=\"290\" frameborder=\"0\" scrolling=\"no\" title=\"NPR embedded audio player\" class=\"iframe-class\">\u003c/iframe>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>He and his team have made a very complex set of contradictory rules — a bias toward restricted speech for regular users, and toward free speech for “news” (real or fake). And the company relies on a sprawling army of subcontractors to enforce the rules. People involved in trying to make it work say they’re in way over their heads. As one employee put it, “We started out of a college dorm. I mean, c’mon, we’re Facebook. We never wanted to deal with this s***.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Subcontractors running the show\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>NPR got the official version of how the company censors and leaves up content this summer when Facebook’s head of policy, Monika Bickert, agreed to a phone interview. We spoke with 10 current and former employees total, on the record and on background, for this investigation.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>It’s hard to remember this sometimes, but Facebook has never claimed to be a free-speech platform. The company is trying to create a safe space where, unlike on Twitter, people can share without being trolled or shamed. Bickert is in charge of setting the content policies. The \u003ca href=\"https://www.facebook.com/communitystandards\">Community Standards\u003c/a>, which are posted online, are the rules for everyday users.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>She explained that when a user reports a piece of content that might be offensive, the company exercises its power to censor with precision.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Context is so important. It’s critical when we are looking to determine whether or not something is hate speech, or a credible threat of violence,” she said. “We look at how a specific person shared a specific post or word or photo to Facebook. So we’re looking to see why did this particular share happen on Facebook? Why did this particular post happen?”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>However, three of Bickert’s former colleagues tell a very different story of how Facebook deals with controversial content. They and others declined to be named for fear of job repercussions (at Facebook or at their current employers, also internet companies), but their descriptions are consistent with each other.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>When a user flags a post on Facebook — whether it’s a picture, video or text post — it goes to a little-known division called the “community operations team.”\u003c/p>\n\u003caside class=\"pullquote alignright\">‘You have to use judgment, in a system that doesn’t give you the time to make a real judgment.’\u003c/aside>\n\u003cp>In 2010, the sources say, the team had a couple hundred workers in five countries. Facebook found it needed more hands on deck. After trying crowdsourcing solutions like CrowdFlower, the company turned to the consulting firm Accenture to put together a dedicated team of subcontractors. Sources say the team is now several thousand people, with some of the largest offices in Manila, the Philippines, and Warsaw, Poland.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Current and former employees of Facebook say that they’ve observed these subcontractors in action; that they are told to go fast — very fast; that they’re evaluated on speed; and that on average, a worker makes a decision about a piece of flagged content once every 10 seconds.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Let’s do a back-of-the-envelope calculation. Say a worker is doing an eight-hour shift, at the rate of one post per 10 seconds. That means they’re clearing 2,880 posts a day per person. When NPR ran these numbers by current and former employees, they said that sounds reasonable.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>A Facebook spokesperson says response times vary widely, depending on what is being reported; that the vast majority of flagged content is not removed; and that the numbers are off. Facebook did not provide alternative numbers.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>If the sources — who have firsthand knowledge and spoke separately with NPR — are correct, then this may be the biggest editing — aka censorship — operation in the history of media. All the while, Facebook leaders insist they’re just running a “platform,” free of human judgment.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>A person who worked on this area of “content management” for Facebook (as an employee, not a subcontractor) says most of the content you see falls neatly into categories that don’t need deep reflection: “That’s an erect penis. Check.” So it’s not like the workers are analyzing every single one in detail.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The problem is that simple and complex items all go into the same big pile. So, the source says, “you go on autopilot” and don’t realize when “you have to use judgment, in a system that doesn’t give you the time to make a real judgment.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>A classic case is something like “Becky looks pregnant.” It could be cyberbullying or a compliment. The subcontractor “pretty much tosses a coin,” the source says.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Here’s another huge barrier. Because of privacy laws and technical glitches (such as a post that is truncated to show only part of the conversation), the subcontractors typically don’t get to see the full context — to which Bickert referred so often.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Frequent errors\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>That could be the cause of frequent errors.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>NPR decided to stress-test the system by flagging nearly 200 posts that could be considered hate speech — specifically, attacks against blacks and against whites in the U.S. We found that Facebook subcontractors were not consistent and made numerous mistakes, including in instances where a user calls for violence.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>We say they were mistakes because the company changed its position in dozens of instances, removing some and restoring others — either when we flagged it a second time through the automated system or brought it to the attention of Facebook headquarters in Menlo Park.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Consider this post:\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11178624\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 800px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-medium wp-image-11178624\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2016/11/FBNPR800-800x949.jpg\" alt=\"A comment on this post (indicated by the light gray text) was flagged by NPR. Facebook's subcontractors did not remove the comment, but after being pressed further, a spokesperson said they made a mistake and it should have been removed.\" width=\"800\" height=\"949\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2016/11/FBNPR800.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2016/11/FBNPR800-160x190.jpg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2016/11/FBNPR800-240x285.jpg 240w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2016/11/FBNPR800-375x445.jpg 375w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2016/11/FBNPR800-520x617.jpg 520w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">A comment on this post (indicated by the light gray text) was flagged by NPR. Facebook’s subcontractors did not remove the comment, but after being pressed further, a spokesperson said they made a mistake and it should have been removed. \u003ccite>(Facebook/Screenshot by NPR)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>One user shares a video of a police officer kicking someone on the ground, and another says they “need to start organizing and sniping these bitches.” This is a call to shoot cops.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>And it’s occurring in a very specific context: days after \u003ca href=\"http://www.npr.org/sections/thetwo-way/2016/07/07/485066807/police-stop-ends-in-black-mans-death-aftermath-is-livestreamed-online-video\">Philando Castile\u003c/a> was shot and killed by an officer (the shooting’s aftermath was live-streamed on Facebook); and in a city in Minnesota that’s just a few miles away from where Castile lay bleeding.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The subcontractors did not remove the post. When NPR emailed Facebook headquarters about it, a spokesperson said they made a mistake and the post should have been removed.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>One source tells NPR that the subcontractor “likely” could not see the full post if just the comment was flagged, could not see the profile of the user or even view the video to which the user was responding — again for privacy or technical reasons.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Different projects within Facebook have to compete fiercely for engineering talent, and have to make the case that their to-do list is worth expensive company resources. Two sources say that over the years, it’s been hard to make that case for fixing the editing system.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11178627\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 800px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-medium wp-image-11178627\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2016/11/WLM800-800x574.jpg\" alt=\"Of posts that NPR flagged, this one, with the hashtag #blacklivesdontmatter, was left up erroneously, according to Facebook officials.\" width=\"800\" height=\"574\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2016/11/WLM800-800x574.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2016/11/WLM800-160x115.jpg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2016/11/WLM800-240x172.jpg 240w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2016/11/WLM800-375x269.jpg 375w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2016/11/WLM800-520x373.jpg 520w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2016/11/WLM800.jpg 813w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Of posts that NPR flagged, this one, with the hashtag #blacklivesdontmatter, was left up erroneously, according to Facebook officials. \u003ccite>(Facebook/Screenshot by NPR)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>NPR shared many posts with the company to get specific feedback on why something stayed up or was taken down. This post, with the hashtag #blacklivesdontmatter, was left up. The spokesperson says it should have been removed, but the reviewer’s perspective is not the same as a regular Facebook user; and because the company is protecting privacy, reviewers don’t have access to everything, which \u003cem>can\u003c/em> affect their judgments. Also, the spokesperson says, reviewers don’t have the time a person at Facebook headquarters or at NPR may have to make a decision.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Another spokesperson notes that just because the reviewer has a limited view does not mean Bickert’s description is incorrect — that the two versions of the process are not mutually exclusive.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>A restrictive platform\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>NPR also finds, interestingly, that Facebook can be strict.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Think of it this way. Every media outlet has its own culture and voice. If \u003cem>The New York Times \u003c/em>is urban liberal, Fox News is conservative, and Playboy is racy, you could say Facebook aspires to be nice — a global brand that’s as easy to swallow as Coca-Cola. (In this provocative \u003ca href=\"http://shorensteincenter.org/jeffrey-rosen-future-of-free-speech-in-a-digital-world/\">talk at Harvard’s Shorenstein Center\u003c/a>, law professor and author Jeffrey Rosen says Facebook favors “civility” over “liberty.”)\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The bias is evident in these real-life examples:\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11178629\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 800px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-medium wp-image-11178629\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2016/11/smack-cheese-edit_custom-ba74c37ee123fac3f669f0406811bf1976130be4-s1600-c85-800x428.jpg\" alt=\"One example of a Facebook post that was flagged where racial slurs were used.\" width=\"800\" height=\"428\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2016/11/smack-cheese-edit_custom-ba74c37ee123fac3f669f0406811bf1976130be4-s1600-c85-800x428.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2016/11/smack-cheese-edit_custom-ba74c37ee123fac3f669f0406811bf1976130be4-s1600-c85-160x86.jpg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2016/11/smack-cheese-edit_custom-ba74c37ee123fac3f669f0406811bf1976130be4-s1600-c85-240x128.jpg 240w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2016/11/smack-cheese-edit_custom-ba74c37ee123fac3f669f0406811bf1976130be4-s1600-c85-375x201.jpg 375w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2016/11/smack-cheese-edit_custom-ba74c37ee123fac3f669f0406811bf1976130be4-s1600-c85-520x278.jpg 520w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2016/11/smack-cheese-edit_custom-ba74c37ee123fac3f669f0406811bf1976130be4-s1600-c85-280x150.jpg 280w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2016/11/smack-cheese-edit_custom-ba74c37ee123fac3f669f0406811bf1976130be4-s1600-c85.jpg 888w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">One example of a Facebook post that was flagged where racial slurs were used. \u003ccite>(Facebook/Screenshot by NPR)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11178632\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 800px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-medium wp-image-11178632\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2016/11/SadisticCap-800x301.jpg\" alt=\"A second example of a Facebook post that was flagged where racial slurs were used.\" width=\"800\" height=\"301\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2016/11/SadisticCap.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2016/11/SadisticCap-160x60.jpg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2016/11/SadisticCap-240x90.jpg 240w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2016/11/SadisticCap-375x141.jpg 375w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2016/11/SadisticCap-520x196.jpg 520w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">A second example of a Facebook post that was flagged where racial slurs were used. \u003ccite>(Facebook/Screenshot by NPR)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>NPR asked two newsroom veterans to put themselves in the position of a Facebook content arbiter. We don’t have access to Facebook’s internal guidance on hate speech, so they had to rely on their own judgment and familiarity with Facebook as users.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Lynette Clemetson, formerly with NPR and now at the University of Michigan, says of Post 1, “now that’s just dumb.” Post 2, she says, sounds like a “rant.” Chip Mahaney, a former managing editor at a Fox television station, agrees. Both experts venture to guess that the posts are acceptable speech on the platform.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>To their surprise, they’re not.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>When NPR flagged the posts, Facebook censors decided to take them down. The spokesperson explains to NPR: It’s OK to use racial slurs when being self-referential. A black person can say things like “my niggers.” But no one can use a slur to attack an individual or group. That’s prohibited. A white person cannot use the word “nigger” to mock or attack blacks. Blacks can’t use “crakkker” (in whatever spelling) to offend whites.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Wiggle room in pictures\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But there are so many caveats and exceptions — particularly when it comes to interpreting images and videos.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Consider this post:\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11178634\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 800px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-medium wp-image-11178634\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2016/11/swing-set-edit-final_custom-607fe4060240382150d79dfee8f71c7067a2438c-s1600-c85-800x413.jpg\" alt=\"This image showing a noose, which was flagged by NPR, was not removed. A Facebook spokesperson explains that if the image included a person, a specific victim of a hate crime, then it would be removed.\" width=\"800\" height=\"413\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2016/11/swing-set-edit-final_custom-607fe4060240382150d79dfee8f71c7067a2438c-s1600-c85-800x413.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2016/11/swing-set-edit-final_custom-607fe4060240382150d79dfee8f71c7067a2438c-s1600-c85-160x83.jpg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2016/11/swing-set-edit-final_custom-607fe4060240382150d79dfee8f71c7067a2438c-s1600-c85-960x496.jpg 960w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2016/11/swing-set-edit-final_custom-607fe4060240382150d79dfee8f71c7067a2438c-s1600-c85-240x124.jpg 240w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2016/11/swing-set-edit-final_custom-607fe4060240382150d79dfee8f71c7067a2438c-s1600-c85-375x194.jpg 375w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2016/11/swing-set-edit-final_custom-607fe4060240382150d79dfee8f71c7067a2438c-s1600-c85-520x269.jpg 520w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2016/11/swing-set-edit-final_custom-607fe4060240382150d79dfee8f71c7067a2438c-s1600-c85.jpg 995w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">This image showing a noose, which was flagged by NPR, was not removed. A Facebook spokesperson explains that if the image included a person, a specific victim of a hate crime, then it would be removed. \u003ccite>(Facebook/Screenshot by NPR)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>This is a noose, the kind used to hang slaves. Beside it is a sign. While the letters are faded, you can make out the words: “Nigger swing set.” It was shared by a user named “White Lives Matter 2.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The news veterans would take it down. Clemetson says it’s not quite a call to violent action, but it’s certainly a reference to past action. “It’s a reference to lynching — and making a joke of lynching.” Mahaney says this is “obviously a pretty difficult picture to look at” and his instinct is, unless there’s a deeper context, “I would say it has no place on here.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Facebook left it up, and stands by that decision.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The spokesperson explains this historical reference doesn’t have a human victim clearly depicted. If the image included a person, a specific subject of a hate crime, then it would be removed.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The spokesperson also made a claim that has not panned out: that in some situations, like this one, Facebook requires the user who created the page to add their real name to the “about” section. By removing anonymity, the hope is, people will be more thoughtful about what they post.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The spokesperson says “White Lives Matter 2” was told to identify him or herself promptly. Yet more than a month after NPR flagged the post, it hadn’t happened — yet another way Facebook’s enforcement mechanism is broken.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>With news, a double standard emerges\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>If the user rules weren’t nuanced enough, add to that a new plot line: CEO Zuckerberg decided to forge partnerships with news media to make his social network the most powerful distributor of news on Earth. (Facebook pays NPR and other news organizations to produce live videos for its site.)\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>What Facebook has found in the process is that it’s much harder to censor high-profile newsmakers than it is to censor regular users. As one source says, “Whoever screams the loudest gets our attention. We react.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>And that’s making newsworthy content a whole other category.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Consider the scandals around “Napalm Girl” and Donald Trump. In the first, Facebook was slammed for not allowing users to share \u003ca href=\"http://www.npr.org/sections/thetwo-way/2016/09/09/493267919/after-facebook-censors-iconic-photo-norwegian-newspaper-pushes-back\">a Pulitzer Prize-winning photo\u003c/a> because it showed child nudity. In the second, Facebook came under criticism for allowing Donald Trump \u003ca href=\"http://www.businessinsider.com/facebook-employees-wanted-to-block-donald-trump-report-2016-10\">to call for a ban on Muslims\u003c/a> coming to the U.S. — what is clearly hate speech under their regular rules, according to two former employees and a current one. One source said, “He hadn’t even won the Republican primary yet. What we decided mattered.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In both cases, the company caved to public pressure and decided to bend the rules. The source says both decisions were “highly controversial” among employees; and they signal that Facebook leadership is feeling pressure to move toward a free-speech standard for news distribution.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>How to define news is a huge source of controversy — not just with the elections, but with every charged moment. After Trump won, some critics blamed fake news on Facebook for the election’s outcome. (\u003ca href=\"http://www.npr.org/sections/alltechconsidered/2016/11/11/501743684/zuckerberg-denies-fake-news-on-facebook-had-impact-on-the-election\">Zuckerberg dismisses that idea\u003c/a>). After Philando Castile was shot by police, his video disappeared from Facebook. The company says it was “a glitch” and restored it. And the concern over its removal is part of an \u003ca href=\"http://fortune.com/2016/08/05/facebook-video-police/\">ongoing debate\u003c/a> about what police-civilian standoffs should be live-streamed.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>What now?\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Some in Silicon Valley dismiss the criticisms against Facebook as schadenfreude: Just like taxi drivers don’t like Uber, legacy media envies the success of the social platform and enjoys seeing its leadership on the hot seat.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>A former employee is not so dismissive and says there is a cultural problem, a stubborn blindness at Facebook and other leading internet companies like Twitter. The source says: “The hardest problems these companies face aren’t technological. They are ethical, and there’s not as much rigor in how it’s done.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>At a values level, some experts point out, Facebook has to decide if its solution is free speech (the more people post, the more the truth rises), or clear restrictions.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>And technically, there’s no shortage of ideas about how to fix the process.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>A former employee says speech is so complex, you can’t expect Facebook to arrive at the same decision each and every time; but you can expect a company that consistently ranks among the 10 most valuable on Earth, by market cap, to put more thought and resources into its censorship machine.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The source argues Facebook could afford to make content management regional — have decisions come from the same country in which a post occurs.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Speech norms are highly regional. When Facebook first opened its offices in Hyderabad, India, a former employee says, the guidance the reviewers got was to remove sexual content. In a test run, they ended up removing French kissing. Senior management was blown away. The Indian reviewers were doing something Facebook did not expect but which makes perfect sense for local norms.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Harvard business professor Ben Edelman says Facebook could invest engineering resources into categorizing the posts. “It makes no sense at all,” he says, that when a piece of content is flagged, it goes into one long line. The company could have the algorithm track what flagged content is getting the most circulation and move that up in the queue, he suggests.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Zuckerberg finds himself at the helm of a company that started as a tech company — run by algorithms, free of human judgment, the mythology went. And now he’s just so clearly the CEO of a media company — replete with highly complex rules (What is hate speech anyway?); with double standards (If it’s “news” it stays, if it’s a rant it goes); and with an enforcement mechanism that is set up to fail.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>Gabriela Mejias and Justina Vasquez contributed reporting to this story.\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cp>Since Donald Trump’s election victory, Facebook CEO Mark Zuckerberg has come out not once, but twice, to address the issue of fake news, inaccurate or simply false information that appears on the Web in the guise of journalism.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Zuckerberg made his remarks at the \u003ca href=\"http://www.npr.org/sections/alltechconsidered/2016/11/11/501743684/zuckerberg-denies-fake-news-on-facebook-had-impact-on-the-election\">Techonomy 16 media conference\u003c/a> and then on his own \u003ca href=\"https://www.facebook.com/zuck/posts/10103253901916271\">Facebook page\u003c/a>. He said the idea that fake news on his platform influenced the election in any way is “a pretty crazy idea.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But a former employee, Antonio Garcia-Martinez, disagrees and says his old boss is being “more than a little disingenuous here.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Garcia-Martinez, who has written a book about the company called \u003ca href=\"http://www.antoniogarciamartinez.com/chaos-monkeys/?gclid=CjwKEAiAgavBBRCA7ZbggrLSkUcSJACWDexAAz3LRBiMWT7UomtXPPAHFdgLBxYckoAVc9nZ0IJMCRoCH_jw_wcB\">“Chaos Monkeys,”\u003c/a> was hired to help lead Facebook’s efforts to target ads. He says his ad team used to joke: It would be so easy to throw an election, just by showing vote reminders to select counties.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>It was a joke. But his point is, Facebook has real potential power.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“There’s an entire political team and a massive office in D.C. that tries to convince political advertisers that Facebook can convince users to vote one way or the other,” Garcia-Martinez says. “Then Zuck gets up and says, ‘Oh, by the way, Facebook content couldn’t possibly influence the election.’ It’s contradictory on the face of it.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Facebook makes money by selling ad space inside its news feed. It also makes money as a broker between its advertisers and other online companies.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[http_redir]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c!-- iframe plugin v.4.3 wordpress.org/plugins/iframe/ -->\u003cbr>\n\u003ciframe loading=\"lazy\" src=\"https://www.npr.org/player/embed/502111390/502111395\" width=\"100%\" height=\"290\" frameborder=\"0\" scrolling=\"no\" title=\"NPR embedded audio player\" class=\"iframe-class\">\u003c/iframe>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>On Monday, a company spokesperson told NPR that it is not doing business with fake news apps. These outside parties are not allowed to use the ad network (called \u003ca href=\"https://www.facebook.com/business/news/audience-network\">Audience Network\u003c/a>), and that has been company policy — which Facebook is now simply clarifying.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But the company did not address the reality that if fake news lands in the Facebook news feed, the company makes money from the eyeballs it draws. This is not a theoretical issue. Take a look at these examples of \u003ca href=\"http://www.snopes.com/info/top25uls.asp?utm_source=facebook&utm_medium=social\">viral fake news\u003c/a>, compiled by Snopes.com.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Earlier on Monday, Google, another tech giant, said it’s working on a policy to keep its ads off fake news sites. Garcia-Martinez says it’s “ambitious” of Google to make this promise.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Where does it end? Are they just going to limit it to advertising?” he asks. “Are they not going to show search results of things that are obviously false? I mean, even false content itself is free speech, even though it’s false speech.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Neither company has explained how it will identify news as fake. According to BuzzFeed, a group of employees inside Facebook has formed a \u003ca href=\"https://www.buzzfeed.com/sheerafrenkel/renegade-facebook-employees-form-task-force-to-battle-fake-n?utm_term=.xcdoVmP7k\">renegade group\u003c/a> to work on solutions to fake news, despite the CEO’s public denial of the problem.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Copyright 2016 NPR. To see more, visit \u003ca href=\"http://www.npr.org/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">NPR.org\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\n",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>Since Donald Trump’s election victory, Facebook CEO Mark Zuckerberg has come out not once, but twice, to address the issue of fake news, inaccurate or simply false information that appears on the Web in the guise of journalism.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Zuckerberg made his remarks at the \u003ca href=\"http://www.npr.org/sections/alltechconsidered/2016/11/11/501743684/zuckerberg-denies-fake-news-on-facebook-had-impact-on-the-election\">Techonomy 16 media conference\u003c/a> and then on his own \u003ca href=\"https://www.facebook.com/zuck/posts/10103253901916271\">Facebook page\u003c/a>. He said the idea that fake news on his platform influenced the election in any way is “a pretty crazy idea.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But a former employee, Antonio Garcia-Martinez, disagrees and says his old boss is being “more than a little disingenuous here.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Garcia-Martinez, who has written a book about the company called \u003ca href=\"http://www.antoniogarciamartinez.com/chaos-monkeys/?gclid=CjwKEAiAgavBBRCA7ZbggrLSkUcSJACWDexAAz3LRBiMWT7UomtXPPAHFdgLBxYckoAVc9nZ0IJMCRoCH_jw_wcB\">“Chaos Monkeys,”\u003c/a> was hired to help lead Facebook’s efforts to target ads. He says his ad team used to joke: It would be so easy to throw an election, just by showing vote reminders to select counties.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>It was a joke. But his point is, Facebook has real potential power.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“There’s an entire political team and a massive office in D.C. that tries to convince political advertisers that Facebook can convince users to vote one way or the other,” Garcia-Martinez says. “Then Zuck gets up and says, ‘Oh, by the way, Facebook content couldn’t possibly influence the election.’ It’s contradictory on the face of it.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Facebook makes money by selling ad space inside its news feed. It also makes money as a broker between its advertisers and other online companies.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[http_redir]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c!-- iframe plugin v.4.3 wordpress.org/plugins/iframe/ -->\u003cbr>\n\u003ciframe loading=\"lazy\" src=\"https://www.npr.org/player/embed/502111390/502111395\" width=\"100%\" height=\"290\" frameborder=\"0\" scrolling=\"no\" title=\"NPR embedded audio player\" class=\"iframe-class\">\u003c/iframe>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>On Monday, a company spokesperson told NPR that it is not doing business with fake news apps. These outside parties are not allowed to use the ad network (called \u003ca href=\"https://www.facebook.com/business/news/audience-network\">Audience Network\u003c/a>), and that has been company policy — which Facebook is now simply clarifying.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But the company did not address the reality that if fake news lands in the Facebook news feed, the company makes money from the eyeballs it draws. This is not a theoretical issue. Take a look at these examples of \u003ca href=\"http://www.snopes.com/info/top25uls.asp?utm_source=facebook&utm_medium=social\">viral fake news\u003c/a>, compiled by Snopes.com.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Earlier on Monday, Google, another tech giant, said it’s working on a policy to keep its ads off fake news sites. Garcia-Martinez says it’s “ambitious” of Google to make this promise.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Where does it end? Are they just going to limit it to advertising?” he asks. “Are they not going to show search results of things that are obviously false? I mean, even false content itself is free speech, even though it’s false speech.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Neither company has explained how it will identify news as fake. According to BuzzFeed, a group of employees inside Facebook has formed a \u003ca href=\"https://www.buzzfeed.com/sheerafrenkel/renegade-facebook-employees-form-task-force-to-battle-fake-n?utm_term=.xcdoVmP7k\">renegade group\u003c/a> to work on solutions to fake news, despite the CEO’s public denial of the problem.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Copyright 2016 NPR. To see more, visit \u003ca href=\"http://www.npr.org/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">NPR.org\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>",
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"content": "\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Updated at 2:15 p.m. ET\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>To Norwegian author Tom Egeland, it was one of the most significant war photos ever taken.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>To Facebook, it was a \"display of nudity.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The social media site's removal of the image sparked an uproar — and, on Friday, the company announced it was reversing course and would be reinstating the image.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Last month, Egeland used the platform to post the iconic photo of a girl, screaming and naked, fleeing napalm bombs during the Vietnam War. The photo, taken by Associated Press photographer Nick Ut, was part of a collection of photos that Egeland said changed the history of warfare, the Norwegian newspaper \u003ca href=\"http://www.aftenposten.no/meninger/kommentar/Dear-Mark-I-am-writing-this-to-inform-you-that-I-shall-not-comply-with-your-requirement-to-remove-this-picture-604156b.html\">Aftenposten reports\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Facebook took it down and banned Egeland from posting anything for 24 hours. And Norwegians swiftly responded, posting the Pulitzer Prize-winning \"napalm girl\" photo on their own accounts in protest, The Associated Press reports.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Photo after photo was removed by Facebook, and fury grew. (Disclosure: Facebook pays NPR, and other leading news organizations, to produce live video streams that run on the site.)\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Kim Phuc, the girl in the photo, is now 53 and runs an organization that provides treatment to child victims of war. As the protests were spreading, a spokeswoman for the organization \u003ca href=\"http://www.dagsavisen.no/verden/the-girl-in-the-picture-saddened-by-facebook-s-focus-on-nudity-1.773232\">told Norwegian paper Dagsavisen\u003c/a> that Kim Phuc \"is saddened by those who would focus on the nudity in the historic picture rather than the powerful message it conveys.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The AP, which owns the photo, also chimed in. The director of media relations, on behalf of the organization, expressed pride in the photo and recognition of its historical impact ... and noted that \"we reserve our rights to this powerful image.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>On Friday, \u003cem>Aftenposten\u003c/em> — Norway's largest newspaper — ran a front-page letter directly addressed to Facebook CEO Mark Zuckerberg.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The newspaper had published the image on its Facebook page until it, too, was removed.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"I am upset, disappointed — well, in fact even afraid — of what you are about to do to a mainstay of our democratic society,\" \u003cem>Aftenposten\u003c/em>'s editor-in-chief, Espen Egil Hansen, wrote in the letter. He pointed out that on top of deleting the image again and again, Facebook was blocking Egeland from making posts about the dispute.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"Listen, Mark, this is serious,\" Hansen wrote. \"First you create rules that don't distinguish between child pornography and famous war photographs. Then you practice these rules without allowing space for good judgement. Finally you even censor criticism against and a discussion about the decision — and you punish the person who dares to voice criticism.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>He argues that the photo itself illustrates the significance of the dispute:\u003c/p>\n\u003cblockquote>\n\u003cp>\"The napalm-girl is by far the most iconic documentary photography from the Vietnam war. The media played a decisive role in reporting different stories about the war than the men in charge wanted them to publish. They brought about a change of attitude which played a role in ending the war. They contributed to a more open, more critical debate. This is how a democracy must function.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"The free and independent media have an important task in bringing information, even including pictures, which sometimes may be unpleasant, and which the ruling elite and maybe even ordinary citizens cannot bear to see or hear, but which might be important precisely for that reason. ...\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"The media have a responsibility to consider publication in every single case. This may be a heavy responsibility. Each editor must weigh the pros and cons.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"This right and duty, which all editors in the world have, should not be undermined by algorithms encoded in your office in California.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003c/blockquote>\n\u003cp>Hansen called Zuckerberg \"the world's most powerful editor\" and wrote that Facebook's prominence as a platform opens up possibilities — and risks.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"If you will not distinguish between child pornography and documentary photographs from a war, this will simply promote stupidity and fail to bring human beings closer to each other,\" he warned.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Norwegian Prime Minister Erna Solberg joined in the protest on Friday. After Facebook removed the Kim Phuc photo, she reposted it with a censoring black rectangle — and gave several other historic images the same treatment.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Later on Friday, Facebook said in a statement that it would be reversing course on the image, given \"its status as an iconic image of historical importance\":\u003c/p>\n\u003cblockquote>\n\u003cp>\"After hearing from our community, we looked again at how our Community Standards were applied in this case. An image of a naked child would normally be presumed to violate our Community Standards, and in some countries might even qualify as child pornography. In this case, we recognize the history and global importance of this image in documenting a particular moment in time.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003c/blockquote>\n\u003cp>The company said it would reinstate the photo in places where it knew it had been removed — which might take a few days — and will adjust its \"review mechanisms\" so it can be shared on the site moving forward.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The social media giant did not apologize for the earlier decision to remove the photo. \u003c/p>\n\u003cdiv class=\"fullattribution\">Copyright 2016 NPR. To see more, visit http://www.npr.org/.\u003cimg src=\"http://www.google-analytics.com/__utm.gif?utmac=UA-5828686-4&utmdt=After+Facebook+Censored+Iconic+Photo%2C+Norwegian+Newspaper+Pushed+Back&utme=8(APIKey)9(MDAxOTAwOTE4MDEyMTkxMDAzNjczZDljZA004)\">\u003c/div>\n\n",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Updated at 2:15 p.m. ET\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>To Norwegian author Tom Egeland, it was one of the most significant war photos ever taken.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>To Facebook, it was a \"display of nudity.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The social media site's removal of the image sparked an uproar — and, on Friday, the company announced it was reversing course and would be reinstating the image.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Last month, Egeland used the platform to post the iconic photo of a girl, screaming and naked, fleeing napalm bombs during the Vietnam War. The photo, taken by Associated Press photographer Nick Ut, was part of a collection of photos that Egeland said changed the history of warfare, the Norwegian newspaper \u003ca href=\"http://www.aftenposten.no/meninger/kommentar/Dear-Mark-I-am-writing-this-to-inform-you-that-I-shall-not-comply-with-your-requirement-to-remove-this-picture-604156b.html\">Aftenposten reports\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Facebook took it down and banned Egeland from posting anything for 24 hours. And Norwegians swiftly responded, posting the Pulitzer Prize-winning \"napalm girl\" photo on their own accounts in protest, The Associated Press reports.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Photo after photo was removed by Facebook, and fury grew. (Disclosure: Facebook pays NPR, and other leading news organizations, to produce live video streams that run on the site.)\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Kim Phuc, the girl in the photo, is now 53 and runs an organization that provides treatment to child victims of war. As the protests were spreading, a spokeswoman for the organization \u003ca href=\"http://www.dagsavisen.no/verden/the-girl-in-the-picture-saddened-by-facebook-s-focus-on-nudity-1.773232\">told Norwegian paper Dagsavisen\u003c/a> that Kim Phuc \"is saddened by those who would focus on the nudity in the historic picture rather than the powerful message it conveys.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The AP, which owns the photo, also chimed in. The director of media relations, on behalf of the organization, expressed pride in the photo and recognition of its historical impact ... and noted that \"we reserve our rights to this powerful image.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>On Friday, \u003cem>Aftenposten\u003c/em> — Norway's largest newspaper — ran a front-page letter directly addressed to Facebook CEO Mark Zuckerberg.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The newspaper had published the image on its Facebook page until it, too, was removed.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"I am upset, disappointed — well, in fact even afraid — of what you are about to do to a mainstay of our democratic society,\" \u003cem>Aftenposten\u003c/em>'s editor-in-chief, Espen Egil Hansen, wrote in the letter. He pointed out that on top of deleting the image again and again, Facebook was blocking Egeland from making posts about the dispute.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"Listen, Mark, this is serious,\" Hansen wrote. \"First you create rules that don't distinguish between child pornography and famous war photographs. Then you practice these rules without allowing space for good judgement. Finally you even censor criticism against and a discussion about the decision — and you punish the person who dares to voice criticism.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>He argues that the photo itself illustrates the significance of the dispute:\u003c/p>\n\u003cblockquote>\n\u003cp>\"The napalm-girl is by far the most iconic documentary photography from the Vietnam war. The media played a decisive role in reporting different stories about the war than the men in charge wanted them to publish. They brought about a change of attitude which played a role in ending the war. They contributed to a more open, more critical debate. This is how a democracy must function.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"The free and independent media have an important task in bringing information, even including pictures, which sometimes may be unpleasant, and which the ruling elite and maybe even ordinary citizens cannot bear to see or hear, but which might be important precisely for that reason. ...\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"The media have a responsibility to consider publication in every single case. This may be a heavy responsibility. Each editor must weigh the pros and cons.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"This right and duty, which all editors in the world have, should not be undermined by algorithms encoded in your office in California.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003c/blockquote>\n\u003cp>Hansen called Zuckerberg \"the world's most powerful editor\" and wrote that Facebook's prominence as a platform opens up possibilities — and risks.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"If you will not distinguish between child pornography and documentary photographs from a war, this will simply promote stupidity and fail to bring human beings closer to each other,\" he warned.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Norwegian Prime Minister Erna Solberg joined in the protest on Friday. After Facebook removed the Kim Phuc photo, she reposted it with a censoring black rectangle — and gave several other historic images the same treatment.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Later on Friday, Facebook said in a statement that it would be reversing course on the image, given \"its status as an iconic image of historical importance\":\u003c/p>\n\u003cblockquote>\n\u003cp>\"After hearing from our community, we looked again at how our Community Standards were applied in this case. An image of a naked child would normally be presumed to violate our Community Standards, and in some countries might even qualify as child pornography. In this case, we recognize the history and global importance of this image in documenting a particular moment in time.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003c/blockquote>\n\u003cp>The company said it would reinstate the photo in places where it knew it had been removed — which might take a few days — and will adjust its \"review mechanisms\" so it can be shared on the site moving forward.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The social media giant did not apologize for the earlier decision to remove the photo. \u003c/p>\n\u003cdiv class=\"fullattribution\">Copyright 2016 NPR. To see more, visit http://www.npr.org/.\u003cimg src=\"http://www.google-analytics.com/__utm.gif?utmac=UA-5828686-4&utmdt=After+Facebook+Censored+Iconic+Photo%2C+Norwegian+Newspaper+Pushed+Back&utme=8(APIKey)9(MDAxOTAwOTE4MDEyMTkxMDAzNjczZDljZA004)\">\u003c/div>\n\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>",
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"content": "\u003cp>The tech industry’s dominance in the Bay Area is felt everywhere. But few us really know what happens behind those well-guarded walls. Perhaps with this in mind, Facebook has been running a summer internship for students from nearby high schools. Many of the students who land the internships are black or Latino, groups that are underrepresented at tech firms like Facebook.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In a way, it’s like winning the golden ticket into Willy Wonka’s Chocolate Factory.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“There’s a lot of food everywhere,” says Naima Casteñeda Isaac, as she walks through a strip of eateries that look like restaurants. Only it’s all free.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Casteñeda Isaac is 16-years old and will be a junior at Palo Alto High School.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“It’s kind of like a mini-town inside,” Casteñeda Isaac says.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>There’s a hamburger joint with shakes (her favorite) and an ice cream shop and a candy store.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>She veers off the path and enter an alcove-like space between two office buildings. There are plants and wooden Adirondack-style chairs. The intern’s call it the “Zen Garden.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“These companies are so close to me, but I never saw myself working there,” 16-year-old Blanca Valencia says. She sits at a wooden table, surrounded by people hanging out, taking calls, eating and working.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Valencia is going to be a junior at East Palo Alto Phoenix Academy, which is a few miles south of Facebook’s campus. She doesn’t know anybody in tech. Her folks immigrated from Mexico; her mom is a custodian and her dad works construction.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Driving by Facebook’s campus on Bayfront Expressway, Valencia imagined office buildings filled with cubicles and coders.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“One thing I definitely learned is that there are all these different opportunities and all these fields I could work in, and I thought that was really cool,” Valencia says.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Casteñeda Isaac was surprised by all the different people she met. She met a woman who used to coach the U.S. women’s gymnastic team and a guy who used to do public relations for famous pop stars.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“There are a bunch of coders here but it’s really diverse. … In jobs it’s really diverse,” Casteñeda Isaac says.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[soundcloud url=”https://api.soundcloud.com/tracks/277375932″ params=”auto_play=false&hide_related=false&show_comments=true&show_user=true&show_reposts=false&visual=true” width=”100%” height=”200″ iframe=”true” /]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Of course, the lack of the “other kind” of diversity — racial and gender diversity — is an issue at tech companies, and Facebook is no different.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Programs like the one that brought Casteñeda Isaac and Valencia to Facebook are trying to address that. While this year’s academy included a coding class, the most important skills theses girls say they learned were the non-academic skills that often that lead to success in the white-collar world. And this being Silicon Valley, a big theme this summer was networking.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“I’ve become much better at networking,” Casteñeda Isaac says. “I’m not so scared to walk up to somebody and say, ‘Hi, I’m Naima and I’m interested in what you do.’”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Valencia agrees.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“That helped boost my confidence a little bit like, ‘Oh, I can really talk to these people,’” she says.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Casteñeda Isaac even put those networking skills to the test.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Like a couple of weeks ago there was a Black Lives Matters rally here at Facebook, and I connected with a college intern that started the rally,” she says. “She goes to Princeton and she gave me really good advice about how to get into college and she was super cool.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Casteñeda Isaac and Valencia say that after coming inside the walls of Facebook, they started to see all the possibilities that exist in the wider world outside it.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>This story is part of our ongoing series on Techquity: Diversity, Inclusion and Equity in Silicon Valley. \u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\n",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>There’s a hamburger joint with shakes (her favorite) and an ice cream shop and a candy store.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>She veers off the path and enter an alcove-like space between two office buildings. There are plants and wooden Adirondack-style chairs. The intern’s call it the “Zen Garden.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“These companies are so close to me, but I never saw myself working there,” 16-year-old Blanca Valencia says. She sits at a wooden table, surrounded by people hanging out, taking calls, eating and working.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Valencia is going to be a junior at East Palo Alto Phoenix Academy, which is a few miles south of Facebook’s campus. She doesn’t know anybody in tech. Her folks immigrated from Mexico; her mom is a custodian and her dad works construction.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Driving by Facebook’s campus on Bayfront Expressway, Valencia imagined office buildings filled with cubicles and coders.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“One thing I definitely learned is that there are all these different opportunities and all these fields I could work in, and I thought that was really cool,” Valencia says.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Casteñeda Isaac was surprised by all the different people she met. She met a woman who used to coach the U.S. women’s gymnastic team and a guy who used to do public relations for famous pop stars.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“There are a bunch of coders here but it’s really diverse. … In jobs it’s really diverse,” Casteñeda Isaac says.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003cdiv class='utils-parseShortcode-shortcodes-__shortcodes__shortcodeWrapper'>\n \u003ciframe width='”100%”' height='”200″'\n scrolling='no' frameborder='no'\n src='https://w.soundcloud.com/player/?url=”https://api.soundcloud.com/tracks/277375932″&visual=true&”auto_play=false&hide_related=false&show_comments=true&show_user=true&show_reposts=false&visual=true”'\n title='”https://api.soundcloud.com/tracks/277375932″'>\n \u003c/iframe>\n \u003c/div>\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Of course, the lack of the “other kind” of diversity — racial and gender diversity — is an issue at tech companies, and Facebook is no different.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Programs like the one that brought Casteñeda Isaac and Valencia to Facebook are trying to address that. While this year’s academy included a coding class, the most important skills theses girls say they learned were the non-academic skills that often that lead to success in the white-collar world. And this being Silicon Valley, a big theme this summer was networking.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“I’ve become much better at networking,” Casteñeda Isaac says. “I’m not so scared to walk up to somebody and say, ‘Hi, I’m Naima and I’m interested in what you do.’”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Valencia agrees.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“That helped boost my confidence a little bit like, ‘Oh, I can really talk to these people,’” she says.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Casteñeda Isaac even put those networking skills to the test.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Like a couple of weeks ago there was a Black Lives Matters rally here at Facebook, and I connected with a college intern that started the rally,” she says. “She goes to Princeton and she gave me really good advice about how to get into college and she was super cool.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Casteñeda Isaac and Valencia say that after coming inside the walls of Facebook, they started to see all the possibilities that exist in the wider world outside it.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>This story is part of our ongoing series on Techquity: Diversity, Inclusion and Equity in Silicon Valley. \u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>",
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"disqusTitle": "During Fatal Standoff, Police Asked Facebook to Deactivate Woman's Account",
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"content": "\u003cp>https://www.instagram.com/p/BIcuBSEA2aw/\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Baltimore County police shot and killed Korryn Gaines, a 23-year-old black woman, after an hours-long standoff on Monday — during which Facebook and Instagram, at police request, temporarily shut down Gaines' accounts.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Gaines, who police say was armed with a shotgun, is the ninth black woman shot and killed by police so far this year, \u003ca href=\"https://www.washingtonpost.com/news/post-nation/wp/2016/08/02/korryn-gaines-is-the-ninth-black-woman-shot-and-killed-by-police-this-year/?utm_term=.036f2624f8b3\">the Washington Post reports\u003c/a>. Her 5-year-old son was wounded in the exchange of gunfire. The case has attracted a significant amount of attention \u003ca href=\"https://twitter.com/hashtag/korryngaines\">on social media\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Police Chief Jim Johnson says Gaines was posting video of the standoff to social media as it was unfolding, which prompted police to request the deactivation of her accounts.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Gaines' Facebook page is now \u003ca href=\"https://www.facebook.com/korryn.gaines/videos\">reactivated\u003c/a>; it does not have any videos visible to the public. On Instagram, one video \u003ca href=\"https://www.instagram.com/p/BIktcsVgxyy/?taken-by=shesyourmajesty&hl=en\">apparently recorded during the standoff\u003c/a> remains.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>It appears to show Gaines' 5-year-old son responding to her questions.\u003c/p>\n\u003cblockquote>\u003cp>\"What's happening right now? Who's outside?\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"The police.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"And what are they trying to do? ... What are they trying to do?\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"They're trying to kill us.\"\u003c/p>\u003c/blockquote>\n\u003cp>A \u003ca href=\"https://www.washingtonpost.com/video/national/social-video-that-korryn-gaines-recorded-shows-swat-officer-at-her-door-before-fatal-ending-to-standoff/2016/08/02/530c5e5e-58e9-11e6-8b48-0cb344221131_video.html\">second video\u003c/a>, now deleted, showed a police officer with a gun drawn at Gaines' door.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Facebook and Instagram have not responded to NPR's requests for comment.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The Associated Press reports on how the situation unfolded:\u003c/p>\n\u003cblockquote>\u003cp>\"The standoff Monday began after three officers went to Gaines' apartment to serve arrest warrants on her and her boyfriend, Kareem K. Courtney, 39, according to police. He left the apartment with a 1-year-old boy before the standoff and was arrested.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"Gaines' mother, Rhonda Dormeus, \u003ca href=\"http://www.baltimoresun.com/news/maryland/crime/bs-md-korryn-gaines-tuesday-20160802-story.html#ifrndnloc\">told The Baltimore Sun\u003c/a> her daughter ignored Courtney's pleas to surrender. During a Facebook call Monday, Dormeus said she heard him tell Gaines 'it wasn't worth it, to just come on out,' and then the 'phone went dead.' Dormeus went to the scene but wasn't allowed to speak to her daughter, something she said might have helped calm her daughter and end the situation peacefully.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\" 'I do feel like they didn't want to hurt her,' Dormeus said. 'But I don't feel like they exhausted all the means of negotiation.' \"\u003c/p>\u003c/blockquote>\n\u003cblockquote>\u003cp>\"Gaines' bench warrant stemmed from charges during a March 10 stop, including disorderly conduct and resisting arrest. Authorities said she was armed with a 12-gauge pistol grip shotgun that was legally purchased last year and toward the end of the negotiations pointed it directly at an officer and said, 'If you don't leave, I'm going to kill you.'\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"An officer shot at her and Gaines fired two shots, but missed the officers, who returned fire and killed her, police said.\"\u003c/p>\u003c/blockquote>\n\u003cp>Gaines' son was struck in the exchange and is hospitalized with non-life-threatening injuries. Police say it's not clear which gun was responsible for his injuries.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>On her Instagram account, Gaines had posted \u003ca href=\"https://www.instagram.com/p/BDBlNDAseTf/?taken-by=shesyourmajesty&hl=en\">a series of videos\u003c/a> of the traffic stop that eventually led to her arrest warrant.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Police say she was pulled over because, in place of a license plate, she had a cardboard sign reading \"Free Traveler,\" \u003ca href=\"http://www.baltimoresun.com/news/maryland/crime/bs-md-korryn-gaines-tuesday-20160802-story.html#ifrndnloc\">the Baltimore Sun reports\u003c/a>. Another sign in her car reportedly read, \"Any Government official who compromises this pursuit to happiness and right to travel will be held criminally responsible and fined, as this is a natural right or freedom.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In the videos, Gaines is seen repeatedly telling an officer he doesn't have the authority to demand her driver's license. \"I do not participate in any of you guys' side laws ... I do not participate in that,\" she said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>After that police stop, and subsequent charges of disorderly conduct and resisting arrest, Gaines failed to appear in court, police say. That's what brought the officers to her door with an arrest warrant, prompting the standoff.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>A police spokeswoman says hostage negotiators were present during the barricade.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[contextly_sidebar id=\"FGh4ISZsGGvv5H1TiHCElWyXuXUEbNeF\"]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Johnson says that as negotiations were happening, police asked social media sites to deactivate Gaines' accounts to \"preserve the integrity of the negotiation process\" as well as the safety of officers and Gaines' child.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"Gaines was posting video of the operation as it unfolded. Followers were encouraging her not to comply with negotiators' requests that she surrender peacefully,\" he said. \"Clearly, you can see this was an exigent circumstance where life and serious injury were in jeopardy.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>After a short period of time, Facebook (which owns Instagram) complied and deactivated the accounts. No data were deleted, Johnson said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Police do not have the authority to directly deactivate a social media account, Johnson and the spokeswoman both said. Facebook decides whether to comply with such requests.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Facebook regularly cooperates with police and has \u003ca href=\"https://www.facebook.com/records/x/login/\">a portal\u003c/a> to facilitate requests from law enforcement officers. But most of the company's \u003ca href=\"https://www.facebook.com/safety/groups/law/guidelines/\">statements on this topic\u003c/a> focus on providing data to officials, and don't address deactivating accounts.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Last year, \u003ca href=\"https://govtrequests.facebook.com/country/United%20States/2015-H1/\">the company says\u003c/a>, it received nearly 1,500 emergency requests from government agencies — that is, requests in which authorities identify an immediate risk and do not have a court order or subpoena. The company released some data in about 73 percent of those requests.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Copyright 2016 NPR. To see more, visit http://www.npr.org/.\u003c/p>\n\n",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>Baltimore County police shot and killed Korryn Gaines, a 23-year-old black woman, after an hours-long standoff on Monday — during which Facebook and Instagram, at police request, temporarily shut down Gaines' accounts.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Gaines, who police say was armed with a shotgun, is the ninth black woman shot and killed by police so far this year, \u003ca href=\"https://www.washingtonpost.com/news/post-nation/wp/2016/08/02/korryn-gaines-is-the-ninth-black-woman-shot-and-killed-by-police-this-year/?utm_term=.036f2624f8b3\">the Washington Post reports\u003c/a>. Her 5-year-old son was wounded in the exchange of gunfire. The case has attracted a significant amount of attention \u003ca href=\"https://twitter.com/hashtag/korryngaines\">on social media\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Police Chief Jim Johnson says Gaines was posting video of the standoff to social media as it was unfolding, which prompted police to request the deactivation of her accounts.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Gaines' Facebook page is now \u003ca href=\"https://www.facebook.com/korryn.gaines/videos\">reactivated\u003c/a>; it does not have any videos visible to the public. On Instagram, one video \u003ca href=\"https://www.instagram.com/p/BIktcsVgxyy/?taken-by=shesyourmajesty&hl=en\">apparently recorded during the standoff\u003c/a> remains.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>It appears to show Gaines' 5-year-old son responding to her questions.\u003c/p>\n\u003cblockquote>\u003cp>\"What's happening right now? Who's outside?\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"The police.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"And what are they trying to do? ... What are they trying to do?\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"They're trying to kill us.\"\u003c/p>\u003c/blockquote>\n\u003cp>A \u003ca href=\"https://www.washingtonpost.com/video/national/social-video-that-korryn-gaines-recorded-shows-swat-officer-at-her-door-before-fatal-ending-to-standoff/2016/08/02/530c5e5e-58e9-11e6-8b48-0cb344221131_video.html\">second video\u003c/a>, now deleted, showed a police officer with a gun drawn at Gaines' door.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Facebook and Instagram have not responded to NPR's requests for comment.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The Associated Press reports on how the situation unfolded:\u003c/p>\n\u003cblockquote>\u003cp>\"The standoff Monday began after three officers went to Gaines' apartment to serve arrest warrants on her and her boyfriend, Kareem K. Courtney, 39, according to police. He left the apartment with a 1-year-old boy before the standoff and was arrested.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"Gaines' mother, Rhonda Dormeus, \u003ca href=\"http://www.baltimoresun.com/news/maryland/crime/bs-md-korryn-gaines-tuesday-20160802-story.html#ifrndnloc\">told The Baltimore Sun\u003c/a> her daughter ignored Courtney's pleas to surrender. During a Facebook call Monday, Dormeus said she heard him tell Gaines 'it wasn't worth it, to just come on out,' and then the 'phone went dead.' Dormeus went to the scene but wasn't allowed to speak to her daughter, something she said might have helped calm her daughter and end the situation peacefully.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\" 'I do feel like they didn't want to hurt her,' Dormeus said. 'But I don't feel like they exhausted all the means of negotiation.' \"\u003c/p>\u003c/blockquote>\n\u003cblockquote>\u003cp>\"Gaines' bench warrant stemmed from charges during a March 10 stop, including disorderly conduct and resisting arrest. Authorities said she was armed with a 12-gauge pistol grip shotgun that was legally purchased last year and toward the end of the negotiations pointed it directly at an officer and said, 'If you don't leave, I'm going to kill you.'\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"An officer shot at her and Gaines fired two shots, but missed the officers, who returned fire and killed her, police said.\"\u003c/p>\u003c/blockquote>\n\u003cp>Gaines' son was struck in the exchange and is hospitalized with non-life-threatening injuries. Police say it's not clear which gun was responsible for his injuries.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>On her Instagram account, Gaines had posted \u003ca href=\"https://www.instagram.com/p/BDBlNDAseTf/?taken-by=shesyourmajesty&hl=en\">a series of videos\u003c/a> of the traffic stop that eventually led to her arrest warrant.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Police say she was pulled over because, in place of a license plate, she had a cardboard sign reading \"Free Traveler,\" \u003ca href=\"http://www.baltimoresun.com/news/maryland/crime/bs-md-korryn-gaines-tuesday-20160802-story.html#ifrndnloc\">the Baltimore Sun reports\u003c/a>. Another sign in her car reportedly read, \"Any Government official who compromises this pursuit to happiness and right to travel will be held criminally responsible and fined, as this is a natural right or freedom.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In the videos, Gaines is seen repeatedly telling an officer he doesn't have the authority to demand her driver's license. \"I do not participate in any of you guys' side laws ... I do not participate in that,\" she said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>After that police stop, and subsequent charges of disorderly conduct and resisting arrest, Gaines failed to appear in court, police say. That's what brought the officers to her door with an arrest warrant, prompting the standoff.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>A police spokeswoman says hostage negotiators were present during the barricade.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Johnson says that as negotiations were happening, police asked social media sites to deactivate Gaines' accounts to \"preserve the integrity of the negotiation process\" as well as the safety of officers and Gaines' child.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"Gaines was posting video of the operation as it unfolded. Followers were encouraging her not to comply with negotiators' requests that she surrender peacefully,\" he said. \"Clearly, you can see this was an exigent circumstance where life and serious injury were in jeopardy.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>After a short period of time, Facebook (which owns Instagram) complied and deactivated the accounts. No data were deleted, Johnson said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Police do not have the authority to directly deactivate a social media account, Johnson and the spokeswoman both said. Facebook decides whether to comply with such requests.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Facebook regularly cooperates with police and has \u003ca href=\"https://www.facebook.com/records/x/login/\">a portal\u003c/a> to facilitate requests from law enforcement officers. But most of the company's \u003ca href=\"https://www.facebook.com/safety/groups/law/guidelines/\">statements on this topic\u003c/a> focus on providing data to officials, and don't address deactivating accounts.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Last year, \u003ca href=\"https://govtrequests.facebook.com/country/United%20States/2015-H1/\">the company says\u003c/a>, it received nearly 1,500 emergency requests from government agencies — that is, requests in which authorities identify an immediate risk and do not have a court order or subpoena. The company released some data in about 73 percent of those requests.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Copyright 2016 NPR. To see more, visit http://www.npr.org/.\u003c/p>\n\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>",
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"content": "\u003cp>Facebook \u003ca href=\"https://code.facebook.com/posts/268598690180189\">just announced\u003c/a> the first full-scale test flight of its unmanned, high-altitude airplane, Aquila. The plane isn't finished yet — the 90-minute test flight assessed only its takeoff and low-altitude flying capabilities — but its ultimate \u003ca href=\"https://fbnewsroomus.files.wordpress.com/2016/07/aquila-fact-sheet.pdf\">goal\u003c/a> is to provide wireless Internet to the ground as it flies.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Facebook founder Mark Zuckerberg shared a video of the test flight.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>https://www.facebook.com/zuck/videos/10102979862144171/\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The lanky, solar-powered plane has a wingspan slightly longer than a Boeing 737 passenger jet, and it's made of lightweight carbon fiber and powered by the sun. Although the Internet delivery antennae have yet to be attached or tested, a company \u003ca href=\"http://newsroom.fb.com/news/2016/07/aquilas-first-flight-a-big-milestone-toward-connecting-billions-of-people/\">press release\u003c/a> describes the future capabilities of the aircraft:\u003c/p>\n\u003cblockquote>\u003cp>\"When complete, Aquila will be able to circle a region up to 60 miles in diameter, beaming connectivity down from an altitude of more than 60,000 feet using laser communications and millimeter wave systems. Aquila is designed to be hyper efficient, so it can fly for up to three months at a time. The aircraft has the wingspan of an airliner, but at cruising speed it will consume only 5,000 watts — the same amount as three hair dryers, or a high-end microwave.\"\u003c/p>\u003c/blockquote>\n\u003cp>The test flight late last month over the Arizona desert lasted just over 90 minutes, according to Facebook.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The plane is one of a handful of new Facebook initiatives to provide internet access to places and people who don't have it. Just this week, the company's Connectivity Lab \u003ca href=\"https://www.osapublishing.org/optica/abstract.cfm?uri=optica-3-7-787\">published a paper\u003c/a> describing a light-based communication technique for sending information without wires, and last year the company announced it is working on delivering internet by \u003ca href=\"https://www.facebook.com/zuck/posts/10102407675865061\">satellite\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Google is also testing airborne wireless internet delivery with its \u003ca href=\"https://www.google.com/loon/\">stratospheric balloon network\u003c/a>, which is still in a pilot stage in the Southern Hemisphere.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Tech companies have a lot to gain from the race to deliver wireless internet to the world, \u003ca href=\"http://www.wired.com/2016/07/facebooks-giant-internet-beaming-drone-finally-takes-flight/\">Wired reports\u003c/a>:\u003c/p>\n\u003cblockquote>\u003cp>\"If they expand the Internet's reach, they expand the reach of Google and Facebook. But they're also helping the world communicate, which is why this short flight over the Arizona desert is so important. By Facebook's estimates, about 1.6 billion people live in areas that don't offer mobile broadband.\"\u003c/p>\u003c/blockquote>\n\u003cdiv class=\"fullattribution\">Copyright 2016 NPR. To see more, visit http://www.npr.org/.\u003cimg src=\"http://www.google-analytics.com/__utm.gif?utmac=UA-5828686-4&utmdt=WATCH%3A+Facebook+Tests+Internet-Beaming+Plane&utme=8(APIKey)9(MDAxOTAwOTE4MDEyMTkxMDAzNjczZDljZA004)\">\u003c/div>\n\n",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>Facebook \u003ca href=\"https://code.facebook.com/posts/268598690180189\">just announced\u003c/a> the first full-scale test flight of its unmanned, high-altitude airplane, Aquila. The plane isn't finished yet — the 90-minute test flight assessed only its takeoff and low-altitude flying capabilities — but its ultimate \u003ca href=\"https://fbnewsroomus.files.wordpress.com/2016/07/aquila-fact-sheet.pdf\">goal\u003c/a> is to provide wireless Internet to the ground as it flies.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Facebook founder Mark Zuckerberg shared a video of the test flight.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>https://www.facebook.com/zuck/videos/10102979862144171/\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The lanky, solar-powered plane has a wingspan slightly longer than a Boeing 737 passenger jet, and it's made of lightweight carbon fiber and powered by the sun. Although the Internet delivery antennae have yet to be attached or tested, a company \u003ca href=\"http://newsroom.fb.com/news/2016/07/aquilas-first-flight-a-big-milestone-toward-connecting-billions-of-people/\">press release\u003c/a> describes the future capabilities of the aircraft:\u003c/p>\n\u003cblockquote>\u003cp>\"When complete, Aquila will be able to circle a region up to 60 miles in diameter, beaming connectivity down from an altitude of more than 60,000 feet using laser communications and millimeter wave systems. Aquila is designed to be hyper efficient, so it can fly for up to three months at a time. The aircraft has the wingspan of an airliner, but at cruising speed it will consume only 5,000 watts — the same amount as three hair dryers, or a high-end microwave.\"\u003c/p>\u003c/blockquote>\n\u003cp>The test flight late last month over the Arizona desert lasted just over 90 minutes, according to Facebook.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The plane is one of a handful of new Facebook initiatives to provide internet access to places and people who don't have it. Just this week, the company's Connectivity Lab \u003ca href=\"https://www.osapublishing.org/optica/abstract.cfm?uri=optica-3-7-787\">published a paper\u003c/a> describing a light-based communication technique for sending information without wires, and last year the company announced it is working on delivering internet by \u003ca href=\"https://www.facebook.com/zuck/posts/10102407675865061\">satellite\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Google is also testing airborne wireless internet delivery with its \u003ca href=\"https://www.google.com/loon/\">stratospheric balloon network\u003c/a>, which is still in a pilot stage in the Southern Hemisphere.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Tech companies have a lot to gain from the race to deliver wireless internet to the world, \u003ca href=\"http://www.wired.com/2016/07/facebooks-giant-internet-beaming-drone-finally-takes-flight/\">Wired reports\u003c/a>:\u003c/p>\n\u003cblockquote>\u003cp>\"If they expand the Internet's reach, they expand the reach of Google and Facebook. But they're also helping the world communicate, which is why this short flight over the Arizona desert is so important. By Facebook's estimates, about 1.6 billion people live in areas that don't offer mobile broadband.\"\u003c/p>\u003c/blockquote>\n\u003cdiv class=\"fullattribution\">Copyright 2016 NPR. To see more, visit http://www.npr.org/.\u003cimg src=\"http://www.google-analytics.com/__utm.gif?utmac=UA-5828686-4&utmdt=WATCH%3A+Facebook+Tests+Internet-Beaming+Plane&utme=8(APIKey)9(MDAxOTAwOTE4MDEyMTkxMDAzNjczZDljZA004)\">\u003c/div>\n\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>",
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"content": "\u003cp>JERUSALEM — Israeli and American families of victims of Palestinian attacks filed a $1 billion lawsuit against Facebook, claiming the social network is providing a platform for militants to spread incitement and violence, their lawyers said Monday.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"http://israellawcenter.org/\" target=\"_blank\">Shurat Hadin\u003c/a>, an Israeli legal advocacy group, filed the suit on behalf of the five families in New York federal court late Sunday, alleging that Facebook is violating the U.S. Anti-Terrorism Act by providing a service to militant groups that assists them in \"recruiting, radicalizing, and instructing terrorists, raising funds, creating fear and carrying out attacks.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The lawsuit (\u003ca href=\"#facebooksuit\">embedded below\u003c/a>) focuses on the Islamic militant group Hamas, which governs the Gaza Strip.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The five families in the lawsuit lost relatives in attacks over the last two years. Four were dual Israeli-American citizens, while one victim was an American tourist.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"Facebook can't sit in its stone tower in Palo Alto while blood is being spilled here on the streets of Jerusalem and Tel Aviv. It has a social responsibility. It can't serve as a social network for Hamas,\" said Nitsana Darshan-Leitner, the Israeli lawyer who is representing the families.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>She compared Facebook to a bank, saying just as money may be transferred as a service for terror groups, so can content.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>There was no immediate comment from Facebook.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The suit comes amid a 10-month outburst of Israeli-Palestinian violence that has seen scores of Palestinian attacks targeting Israeli civilians and troops.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Israel says the violence is being fueled by a Palestinian campaign of incitement on social media, while the Palestinians see it as the result of frustrations over nearly 50 years of Israeli occupation and a lack of hope for their own state.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Since mid-September, 34 Israelis and two American tourists have been killed in Palestinian attacks. More than 200 Palestinians have been killed during the same period. Israel says most of the Palestinians who have died have been involved in attacks.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Among the plaintiffs in the lawsuit is the family of Taylor Force, a 28-year-old U.S. military veteran who was visiting Israel in March when he was stabbed to death by a Palestinian. Other plaintiffs include the family of Richard Lakin, an educator and coexistence advocate who was shot on a Jerusalem bus last October, and relatives of Naftali Fraenkel, an Israeli teenager who was kidnapped and killed while hitchhiking in the West Bank two years ago.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Lawsuits targeting online firms for the violent acts of their users are far from unprecedented.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Last month, the family of \u003ca href=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/news/2015/11/16/california-student-killed-in-paris-remembered-as-a-firecracker\" target=\"_blank\">a Cal State Long Beach student\u003c/a> killed in last November's Paris massacre \u003ca href=\"https://www.washingtonpost.com/news/the-switch/wp/2016/06/16/family-of-isis-paris-attack-victim-sues-google-facebook-and-twitter/\" target=\"_blank\">filed suit\u003c/a> against Google, Facebook and Twitter.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The action claims the companies provided \"material support\" to extremists in violation of U.S. law.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>A \u003ca href=\"https://www.theguardian.com/technology/2016/jan/14/widow-american-killed-jordan-attack-sues-twitter-isis\" target=\"_blank\">similar case was brought\u003c/a> against Twitter in January by the widow of a contractor killed in an attack on a police training center in Jordan.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp> \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c!-- iframe plugin v.4.3 wordpress.org/plugins/iframe/ -->\u003cbr>\n\u003ciframe class=\"scribd_iframe_embed\" src=\"https://www.scribd.com/embeds/317976103/content?start_page=1&view_mode=scroll&access_key=key-7cUbrOlkrgNuU75vuAnd&show_recommendations=true&show_upsell=true\" data-auto-height=\"false\" data-aspect-ratio=\"0.7729220222793488\" scrolling=\"no\" id=\"doc_74432\" width=\"100%\" height=\"600\" frameborder=\"0\">\u003c/iframe>\u003c/p>\n\n",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>JERUSALEM — Israeli and American families of victims of Palestinian attacks filed a $1 billion lawsuit against Facebook, claiming the social network is providing a platform for militants to spread incitement and violence, their lawyers said Monday.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"http://israellawcenter.org/\" target=\"_blank\">Shurat Hadin\u003c/a>, an Israeli legal advocacy group, filed the suit on behalf of the five families in New York federal court late Sunday, alleging that Facebook is violating the U.S. Anti-Terrorism Act by providing a service to militant groups that assists them in \"recruiting, radicalizing, and instructing terrorists, raising funds, creating fear and carrying out attacks.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The lawsuit (\u003ca href=\"#facebooksuit\">embedded below\u003c/a>) focuses on the Islamic militant group Hamas, which governs the Gaza Strip.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The five families in the lawsuit lost relatives in attacks over the last two years. Four were dual Israeli-American citizens, while one victim was an American tourist.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"Facebook can't sit in its stone tower in Palo Alto while blood is being spilled here on the streets of Jerusalem and Tel Aviv. It has a social responsibility. It can't serve as a social network for Hamas,\" said Nitsana Darshan-Leitner, the Israeli lawyer who is representing the families.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>She compared Facebook to a bank, saying just as money may be transferred as a service for terror groups, so can content.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>There was no immediate comment from Facebook.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The suit comes amid a 10-month outburst of Israeli-Palestinian violence that has seen scores of Palestinian attacks targeting Israeli civilians and troops.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Israel says the violence is being fueled by a Palestinian campaign of incitement on social media, while the Palestinians see it as the result of frustrations over nearly 50 years of Israeli occupation and a lack of hope for their own state.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Since mid-September, 34 Israelis and two American tourists have been killed in Palestinian attacks. More than 200 Palestinians have been killed during the same period. Israel says most of the Palestinians who have died have been involved in attacks.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Among the plaintiffs in the lawsuit is the family of Taylor Force, a 28-year-old U.S. military veteran who was visiting Israel in March when he was stabbed to death by a Palestinian. Other plaintiffs include the family of Richard Lakin, an educator and coexistence advocate who was shot on a Jerusalem bus last October, and relatives of Naftali Fraenkel, an Israeli teenager who was kidnapped and killed while hitchhiking in the West Bank two years ago.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Lawsuits targeting online firms for the violent acts of their users are far from unprecedented.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Last month, the family of \u003ca href=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/news/2015/11/16/california-student-killed-in-paris-remembered-as-a-firecracker\" target=\"_blank\">a Cal State Long Beach student\u003c/a> killed in last November's Paris massacre \u003ca href=\"https://www.washingtonpost.com/news/the-switch/wp/2016/06/16/family-of-isis-paris-attack-victim-sues-google-facebook-and-twitter/\" target=\"_blank\">filed suit\u003c/a> against Google, Facebook and Twitter.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The action claims the companies provided \"material support\" to extremists in violation of U.S. law.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>A \u003ca href=\"https://www.theguardian.com/technology/2016/jan/14/widow-american-killed-jordan-attack-sues-twitter-isis\" target=\"_blank\">similar case was brought\u003c/a> against Twitter in January by the widow of a contractor killed in an attack on a police training center in Jordan.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp> \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c!-- iframe plugin v.4.3 wordpress.org/plugins/iframe/ -->\u003cbr>\n\u003ciframe class=\"scribd_iframe_embed\" src=\"https://www.scribd.com/embeds/317976103/content?start_page=1&view_mode=scroll&access_key=key-7cUbrOlkrgNuU75vuAnd&show_recommendations=true&show_upsell=true\" data-auto-height=\"false\" data-aspect-ratio=\"0.7729220222793488\" scrolling=\"no\" id=\"doc_74432\" width=\"100%\" height=\"600\" frameborder=\"0\">\u003c/iframe>\u003c/p>\n\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>",
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"content": "\u003cp>Mark Zuckerberg on Wednesday held a wide-ranging discussion with a group of conservative commentators who said afterward the Facebook CEO acknowledged the giant social network has a problem reaching conservatives.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The meeting at Facebook's Menlo Park headquarters came about after a report accused the company of harboring a bias against conservative views.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>S.E. Cupp, a columnist with the New York Daily News who attended the meeting, said Facebook executives \"were very clear to acknowledge that there is a problem and the problem is a serious one.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Cupp said Zuckerberg, Chief Operating Officer Sheryl Sandberg, Vice President Joel Kaplan and board member Peter Thiel mostly listened to the 17 conservatives who attended.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>While the Facebook executives did not comment further on an internal investigation into allegations of political manipulation, they explained how difficult it would be for Facebook employees to inject bias into what stories make it into the \"trending topics\" section of the site or on individual users' news feeds, Cupp said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The Facebook team also said any such tampering would be \"philosophically against both the mission of the company and Mark's personal mission,\" Cupp said. \"I believed them.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Rob Bluey, editor-in-chief of the website The Daily Signal, made similar comments to Fox News' Greta Van Susteren shortly after the meeting ended.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"They certainly acknowledged that there was a problem with getting the message out to conservatives,\" he said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Facebook spokesman Andy Stone confirmed that was the tenor of the meeting.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In a Facebook post afterward, Zuckerberg did not directly respond to allegations that Facebook employees suppressed conservative stories on its \"trending topics\" feature. But he said, \"I know many conservatives don't trust that our platform surfaces content without a political bias.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"I wanted to hear their concerns personally and have an open conversation about how we can build trust. I want to do everything I can to make sure our teams uphold the integrity of our products,\" he wrote.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Among others in attendance, according to Facebook, were radio host Glenn Beck, American Enterprise Institute President Arthur Brooks, Tea Party Patriots CEO Jenny Beth Martin and Brent Bozell, president of the Media Research Center.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Bozell said in a statement afterward that the meeting was \"very productive.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"There has been a serious issue of trust within the conservative movement about this issue, but everyone in that room, on both sides, wants to see it restored,\" he said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Zuckerberg invited the group after the tech blog Gizmodo claimed that Facebook downplays conservative news subjects on its trending feature. Facebook denied the report, which relied upon a single anonymous individual with self-described conservative leanings. The company said it is investigating the matter.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Cupp said the viewpoints of the conservatives and the Facebook executives were aligned on issues such as data security, privacy, deregulation and free markets.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"We have a lot more in common than public perception would have you believe,\" she said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Facebook's trending topics are most visible on the desktop version of the social network, although it is possible to access them on mobile, too.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>On browsers, the topics appear on the top right corner, separate from the news feed containing updates from your friends and family. On mobile devices, users can tap on the search bar to see the top trends, but they can't see separate categories.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Topics that appear as trending can have a self-fulfilling effect, as more Facebook readers see and share the items, and other news organizations decide to write their own stories.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>AP Technology Writer Barbara Ortutay in New York contributed to this report.\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\n",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The Facebook team also said any such tampering would be \"philosophically against both the mission of the company and Mark's personal mission,\" Cupp said. \"I believed them.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Rob Bluey, editor-in-chief of the website The Daily Signal, made similar comments to Fox News' Greta Van Susteren shortly after the meeting ended.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"They certainly acknowledged that there was a problem with getting the message out to conservatives,\" he said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Facebook spokesman Andy Stone confirmed that was the tenor of the meeting.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In a Facebook post afterward, Zuckerberg did not directly respond to allegations that Facebook employees suppressed conservative stories on its \"trending topics\" feature. But he said, \"I know many conservatives don't trust that our platform surfaces content without a political bias.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"I wanted to hear their concerns personally and have an open conversation about how we can build trust. I want to do everything I can to make sure our teams uphold the integrity of our products,\" he wrote.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Among others in attendance, according to Facebook, were radio host Glenn Beck, American Enterprise Institute President Arthur Brooks, Tea Party Patriots CEO Jenny Beth Martin and Brent Bozell, president of the Media Research Center.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Bozell said in a statement afterward that the meeting was \"very productive.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"There has been a serious issue of trust within the conservative movement about this issue, but everyone in that room, on both sides, wants to see it restored,\" he said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Zuckerberg invited the group after the tech blog Gizmodo claimed that Facebook downplays conservative news subjects on its trending feature. Facebook denied the report, which relied upon a single anonymous individual with self-described conservative leanings. The company said it is investigating the matter.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Cupp said the viewpoints of the conservatives and the Facebook executives were aligned on issues such as data security, privacy, deregulation and free markets.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"We have a lot more in common than public perception would have you believe,\" she said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Facebook's trending topics are most visible on the desktop version of the social network, although it is possible to access them on mobile, too.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>On browsers, the topics appear on the top right corner, separate from the news feed containing updates from your friends and family. On mobile devices, users can tap on the search bar to see the top trends, but they can't see separate categories.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Topics that appear as trending can have a self-fulfilling effect, as more Facebook readers see and share the items, and other news organizations decide to write their own stories.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>AP Technology Writer Barbara Ortutay in New York contributed to this report.\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>",
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"content": "\u003cp>Facing an uproar from conservatives and even calls for a congressional inquiry from a prominent lawmaker, Facebook is going to great lengths to explain how it decides what shows up on its trending news notifications.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>On Thursday, the company released a \u003ca href=\"https://fbnewsroomus.files.wordpress.com/2016/05/full-trending-review-guidelines.pdf\">28-page internal document\u003c/a> that details the instructions to the humans who shepherd the \"Trending Topics\" feature. It's the news section that you — and Facebook's 1.6 billion users worldwide — see in the right-hand column of Facebook on desktops or when you do a search on mobile.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>What we now know is that trending topics are driven in part by an algorithm and in part by humans. A \u003ca href=\"http://gizmodo.com/former-facebook-workers-we-routinely-suppressed-conser-1775461006\">Gizmodo article\u003c/a> this week cited anonymous former contractors from the Trending Topics team, saying that human curators sometimes passed up conservative-leaning topics in favor of more liberal ones.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The release of the internal document represents Facebook's continued pushback against bias allegations. The document was made public for the first time after being shared with \u003ca href=\"https://www.theguardian.com/technology/2016/may/12/facebook-trending-news-leaked-documents-editor-guidelines\">The Guardian\u003c/a>. As Trending Topics' chief said on Monday, the guidelines do not allow or advise some kind of systematic discrimination against sources with particular ideologies.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>What the document shows is how people are involved in the process, sometimes \"injecting\" newsworthy stories and sometimes \"blacklisting\" stories, for example, for not being a \"real-world\" event or for being duplicative. This kind of role of human curators has drawn suggestions that Facebook was becoming more of a publisher — in a traditional sense, like the mainstream news media — than a perfectly neutral \u003cem>platform\u003c/em>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Facebook says it hasn't found any evidence of intentional manipulations of the Trending Topics section to suppress conservative stories, the New York Times reports. The newspaper outlines \u003ca href=\"http://www.nytimes.com/2016/05/13/technology/facebook-guidelines-trending-topics.html\">some big takeaways\u003c/a> from the guidelines:\u003c/p>\n\u003cblockquote>\u003cp>\"For instance, after algorithms detect early signs of popular stories on the network, editors are asked to cross-reference potential trending topics with a list of 10 major news publications, including CNN, Fox News, The Guardian and The New York Times.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"While algorithms determine the exact mix of topics displayed to each person, based on that user's past actions on Facebook, a team of people is largely responsible for the overall mix of which topics should — and more important, should not — be shown in Trending Topics.\"\u003c/p>\u003c/blockquote>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The document did not detail the inner workings of the algorithm behind Trending Topics, nor did it touch on the way Facebook determines what posts are deemed worthwhile to show up in someone's News Feed.\u003c/p>\n\u003cdiv class=\"fullattribution\">Copyright 2016 NPR. To see more, visit http://www.npr.org/.\u003cimg src=\"http://www.google-analytics.com/__utm.gif?utmac=UA-5828686-4&utmdt=Amid+Allegations+Of+Bias%2C+Facebook+Explains+How+%27Trending+Topics%27+Works&utme=8(APIKey)9(MDAxOTAwOTE4MDEyMTkxMDAzNjczZDljZA004)\">\u003c/div>\n\n",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Facebook says it hasn't found any evidence of intentional manipulations of the Trending Topics section to suppress conservative stories, the New York Times reports. The newspaper outlines \u003ca href=\"http://www.nytimes.com/2016/05/13/technology/facebook-guidelines-trending-topics.html\">some big takeaways\u003c/a> from the guidelines:\u003c/p>\n\u003cblockquote>\u003cp>\"For instance, after algorithms detect early signs of popular stories on the network, editors are asked to cross-reference potential trending topics with a list of 10 major news publications, including CNN, Fox News, The Guardian and The New York Times.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"While algorithms determine the exact mix of topics displayed to each person, based on that user's past actions on Facebook, a team of people is largely responsible for the overall mix of which topics should — and more important, should not — be shown in Trending Topics.\"\u003c/p>\u003c/blockquote>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The document did not detail the inner workings of the algorithm behind Trending Topics, nor did it touch on the way Facebook determines what posts are deemed worthwhile to show up in someone's News Feed.\u003c/p>\n\u003cdiv class=\"fullattribution\">Copyright 2016 NPR. To see more, visit http://www.npr.org/.\u003cimg src=\"http://www.google-analytics.com/__utm.gif?utmac=UA-5828686-4&utmdt=Amid+Allegations+Of+Bias%2C+Facebook+Explains+How+%27Trending+Topics%27+Works&utme=8(APIKey)9(MDAxOTAwOTE4MDEyMTkxMDAzNjczZDljZA004)\">\u003c/div>\n\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>",
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"content": "\u003cp>RIO DE JANEIRO — The popular WhatsApp messaging service is not working in Brazil, apparently as a result of an ongoing judicial battle.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Local news reports say a judge in the remote northeastern state of Sergipe ordered the service suspended nationwide for 72 hours, starting Monday afternoon.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The G1 Internet portal of the Globo television network says the suspension by Judge Marcel Maia Montalvao is a new chapter in a tussle between Brazilian law enforcement and WhatsApp's parent company, Facebook.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In March, Facebook's most senior representative in Latin America was detained in Sao Paulo for repeatedly failing to cooperate with an investigation into drug trafficking and organized crime. Diego Dzodan was held for one night for failing to give law enforcement information about WhatsApp users targeted in the probe.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n",
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"disqusTitle": "Lasagna & Kleenex: Reaching Out Online in the Face of Death",
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"content": "\u003cp>UPDATE: Steve Julian died on April 24, 2016. KPCC published a lovely tribute \u003ca href=\"http://www.scpr.org/news/2016/04/24/58999/steve-julian-longtime-voice-of-kpcc-s-morning-edit/\">here\u003c/a>. His wife, Felicia Friesema, wrote on the blog she's been maintaining during his last months, \"He left this world surrounded by love, in the comfort of the home we made together, in his own bed.\" Our hearts go out to Felicia in this time of grief. We trust this story provided some measure of comfort for her when it first went up on April 1, 2016. We hope that others who encounter this story now, after Steve's death, share our profound love and compassion for those who suffer from devastating diseases, as well as those who care for them, all the way through to the end.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>\"My experience on social media is that it has always been a connecting fiber. I think that, like anything, you get out of it what you put into it.\" -- Felicia Friesema\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Felicia had seen the signs of brain cancer before. Her husband Steve Julian wasn't just forgetting his keys on the kitchen counter or having another of the myriad brain farts we often associate with middle age. He'd stop in the middle of a sentence, like he'd just hit a brick wall, and that was that.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"It wasn’t that kind of gradual onset that Alzheimer’s is. It didn’t sound or feel like dementia. This was so sudden -- and it was very eerily similar to what happened to my aunt, my tia Gloria,\" Felicia says.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>This time, it was her husband.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Over the years, they've built a cozy life together in a sweet, spacious home overlooking the 110 freeway in Highland Park. She's head of marketing for \u003ca href=\"http://foothilltransit.org/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">Foothill Transit\u003c/a>. Steve Julian is one of a handful of trusted voices helping Angelenos navigate the freeways every day, as morning anchor for KPCC-FM. In his off hours, he writes \u003ca href=\"https://stevejulian.wordpress.com/resume/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">plays\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Now, he was having trouble navigating his way through a sentence.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"Technically, all tumors are operable,\" Felicia explains. \"The question that comes into play is: What are you willing to sacrifice in order to get it out? The position and location of his tumor is such that you would have to completely destroy a lot of healthy brain tissue in order to remove it. You would be creating a situation of paralysis, major cognitive dysfunction, irreversible brain damage, and ultimately for possibly very little reward. There’s no way of skirting around it: I was looking at his death.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_10916469\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 526px\">\u003cimg class=\"size-full wp-image-10916469\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2016/04/RS18926_28415_1471890202083_544618_n-qut.jpg\" alt=\"Steve Julian and Felicia Friesema in happier times.\" width=\"526\" height=\"394\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2016/04/RS18926_28415_1471890202083_544618_n-qut.jpg 526w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2016/04/RS18926_28415_1471890202083_544618_n-qut-400x300.jpg 400w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 526px) 100vw, 526px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Steve Julian and Felicia Friesema in happier times. \u003ccite>(Courtesy of Felicia Friesema)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Around Thanksgiving last year, Steve was diagnosed with terminal brain cancer at the age of 57. They decided not to try to stretch his last months with chemo and radiation therapy. Steve has less time than he might have, but he can eat what he wants, sleep with their dogs, and squeeze the last juice out of the days that remain with Felicia.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>She's taking time off from work, thanks to a compassionate boss. In the 20 or more hours a day that Steve now sleeps, Felicia takes care of everything else: the meals, the housekeeping, the medicine, insurance and the emotional management.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Of course, friends and family are helping. Larry Mantle, Steve's dearest pal, comes over for company and a wee dram of whiskey. Friends have delivered dozens of lasagnas to the doorstep and whipped out their credit cards to cover what insurance doesn't. But at the end of the day, Felicia is alone. And every morning, there's a little bit less of Steve.\u003c/p>\n\u003cdiv class=\"callout alignright\">\n\u003cp>\u003cimg class=\"alignleft\" src=\"http://u.s.kqed.net/2015/09/14/LITDApodcastlogo.jpg\" alt=\"\">\u003c/p>\n\u003ch3>\u003ca href=\"https://itunes.apple.com/us/podcast/love-in-the-digital-age/id1037051180?mt=2\">Subscribe in iTunes\u003c/a>\u003c/h3>\n\u003cp>Don't miss an episode of 'Love in the Digital Age'\u003c/p>\n\u003c/div>\n\u003ch3>Reaching Out Online\u003c/h3>\n\u003cp>It was a few months in when I noticed Felicia's journal on \u003ca href=\"http://www.caringbridge.org/visit/stevejulian/journal/view/id/56f6a61ba689b47372c967f7\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">Caring Bridge\u003c/a>. She had me at \"\u003ca href=\"http://www.caringbridge.org/visit/stevejulian/journal/view/id/565ec52eab28b93a26d70415\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">hello\u003c/a>.\" The same was true for my \"Love in the Digital Age\" co-producer Polly Stryker.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>We recognized a kindred spirit: someone else in the special club of those who have lost or who are losing a close loved one. We had to fly down to Los Angeles and meet this woman who wrote so deeply, thoughtfully, and with such compassion, about a journey no one chooses.\u003c/p>\n\u003cblockquote>\u003cp>I know that this is treacherous ground we walk on and that time is of the essence. We wake up to the juxtaposition of joy in another day together and terror at what may come.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>There is no detailed prognosis yet. But we do know that there is no outcome we like. And I have never been so scared. But I have also never been so completely full of love for him.\u003c/p>\u003c/blockquote>\n\u003cp>That was Dec. 2, 2015. At that point, Steve could still help Felicia craft a communique to friends.\u003c/p>\n\u003cblockquote>\u003cp>I miss being at work and in the studio. I miss being with all the people I love at KPCC. I’m still good at traffic. We chose UCLA for the surgery and treatment and navigating to the westside can be tricky. The tumor can take away what I had for dinner, but not my memory of the traffic jams I've sat in.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>I am sad. I feel the unfairness of all of this. But I also feel the love for my wife, which grows every day as she balances the technical work of our affairs with the emotional work of our daily life. Like making sure I eat three solid meals. And I mean really solid. Four, sometimes. She tells me I'm loved about a hundred times a day -- I remember a few of them. Larry [Mantle, host of \u003ca href=\"http://www.scpr.org/programs/airtalk/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">Air Talk\u003c/a>], my brother in all but blood, is a rock for both of us and has been by our side from diagnosis until now.\u003c/p>\u003c/blockquote>\n\u003cp>Many people facing down the gun barrel of something this awful retreat into family. But Felicia reached out from the beginning to friends online.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"We kind of had to,\" she explains. \"We’ve kind of got a unique and peculiar situation. I mean, Steve’s a very popular radio host in a very large market. He’s also incredibly involved in the theater community here. He also used to be a cop. So, you have these seemingly disparate communities that he’s connected to. That’s thousands of people: his most intimate friends all the way down to the casual listener.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>From the peace and quiet of their home on the hill, when Steve is sleeping, Felicia can write about all the medical details it would be exhausting to repeat to people in one individual conversation after another.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Felicia is also using the blog to process what's happening in her world, \"to take this jumbled puzzle piece of post-it notes and ideas and thoughts and put them together into something that is like 'Oh! Okay.' Usually, I don’t know when I’m going to conclude until I start writing, and by the end of it, I’m like, 'Oh, that’s my “aha” moment. Okay. Alright.'\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>On Facebook, for a smaller, closer audience, Felicia shares bite-sized missives from her daily journey: proof the bees in the backyard are making \"So. Much. Honey.\"; the desperate wish MRI machines played Brian Eno instead of frightening clicks and buzzing; rage against the insurance company; pride in yet another crazy beautiful meal made for Steve.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_10916471\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 800px\">\u003cimg class=\"size-medium wp-image-10916471\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2016/04/RS18924_12915065_10209620722699730_2121111238_o-qut-800x1067.jpg\" alt=\"Felicia's not your regular home cook. She studied at the Ecole de Cuisine in Pasadena. A friend did a story on Munchies about the food she makes for Steve.\" width=\"800\" height=\"1067\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2016/04/RS18924_12915065_10209620722699730_2121111238_o-qut-800x1067.jpg 800w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2016/04/RS18924_12915065_10209620722699730_2121111238_o-qut-400x533.jpg 400w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2016/04/RS18924_12915065_10209620722699730_2121111238_o-qut.jpg 852w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Felicia's not your regular home cook. She studied at the Ecole de Cuisine in Pasadena. A friend did a story on \u003ca href=\"https://munchies.vice.com/en/articles/how-to-enjoy-every-bite-with-stage-four-brain-cancer\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">Munchies \u003c/a>about the food she makes for Steve. \u003ccite>(Courtesy of Felicia Friesema)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>And then there are the jokes. If anything, staring down death has heightened their sense of humor.\u003c/p>\n\u003cblockquote>\u003cp>Fun with brain cancer:\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Steve: Jen!\u003cbr>\nMe: Yeah babe (knowing full well he was calling for me)\u003cbr>\nSteve: Oh I'm sorry. I just called you Jen.\u003cspan class=\"text_exposed_show\">\u003cbr>\nMe: Yeah I know babe. It's ok. What's up?\u003cbr>\nSteve: (tells me some stuff he needs)\u003cbr>\nMe: No problem. By the way, (smiling) I'd like to know who the hell Jen is.\u003cbr>\nSteve: (chuckles) So would I!\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\u003c/blockquote>\n\u003cp>The love has come pouring in from a wide variety of corners. By Jan. 4, Felicia reported that more than 100 people had made deliveries, run errands or have completed tasks around the house.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Steve’s had a\u003ca href=\"http://www.scpr.org/programs/offramp/2015/12/17/45619/help-kpcc-s-steve-julian-by-eating-a-sandwich/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\"> sandwich named after him\u003c/a> at \u003ca href=\"https://www.facebook.com/waxpaperco/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">Wax Paper\u003c/a>, a local sandwich shop with a thing for public radio. Friends have \u003ca href=\"http://theworthyadversary.com/3933-dying-and-living\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">blogged about Steve\u003c/a>. Local Morning Edition hosts across the country recorded their \u003ca href=\"https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Q2_kbXF8hqc\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">well wishes\u003c/a> on YouTube.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>People, Felicia says, \"are grateful for being included, or grateful just to know that Steve’s okay for now. Or they’re grateful for an opportunity to help. I’d been crying so hard just a few days ago. I just couldn’t stop. I was so sad and so dejected. And at the end of the day, my status update on Facebook was, 'There just aren’t enough tissues in the box.' So, the next day, what arrives on my doorstep, but a case of Kleenex? And the message was, 'We know that this isn’t enough, but hopefully it helps.'\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_10916518\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 800px\">\u003cimg class=\"size-medium wp-image-10916518\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2016/04/RS18951_12509907_10209043469708766_6711914423749049661_n-qut-800x800.jpg\" alt=\"Steve Julian of KPCC in Los Angeles gets a studio named after him, and a great, big hug from President and CEO Bill Davis.\" width=\"800\" height=\"800\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2016/04/RS18951_12509907_10209043469708766_6711914423749049661_n-qut-800x800.jpg 800w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2016/04/RS18951_12509907_10209043469708766_6711914423749049661_n-qut-400x400.jpg 400w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2016/04/RS18951_12509907_10209043469708766_6711914423749049661_n-qut.jpg 960w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2016/04/RS18951_12509907_10209043469708766_6711914423749049661_n-qut-32x32.jpg 32w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2016/04/RS18951_12509907_10209043469708766_6711914423749049661_n-qut-64x64.jpg 64w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2016/04/RS18951_12509907_10209043469708766_6711914423749049661_n-qut-96x96.jpg 96w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2016/04/RS18951_12509907_10209043469708766_6711914423749049661_n-qut-128x128.jpg 128w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2016/04/RS18951_12509907_10209043469708766_6711914423749049661_n-qut-75x75.jpg 75w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Steve Julian of KPCC in Los Angeles gets a studio named after him, and a great, big hug from President and CEO Bill Davis. \u003ccite>(Courtesy of Felicia Friesema)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>\"One of the things we’ve been focusing on,\" Felicia says, \"is making sure that every day is about some kind of pleasure; some kind of happy moment, some laugh, something in there that actually makes the day not a routine of care-giving.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Felicia sighs. \"You know, something that reminds us that there are all these wonderful pieces to life and that living it doesn’t stop with a cancer diagnosis.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>What remains online from this journey is a whole lot more than the testament to the love people have for Steve and Felicia. It's a social network, in the best sense, that will be there for Felicia, waiting to engage and respond any time she wants.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_10916470\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 800px\">\u003cimg class=\"wp-image-10916470 size-medium\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2016/04/RS18925_IMG_6925-qut-800x600.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"800\" height=\"600\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2016/04/RS18925_IMG_6925-qut-800x600.jpg 800w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2016/04/RS18925_IMG_6925-qut-400x300.jpg 400w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2016/04/RS18925_IMG_6925-qut.jpg 1920w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2016/04/RS18925_IMG_6925-qut-1180x885.jpg 1180w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2016/04/RS18925_IMG_6925-qut-960x720.jpg 960w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">\"I’m very, very happy with the way that life has turned out. Where it would have gone, who knows?\" says Steve. \"I don’t care what we would have done together ...\" \"As long as we were together,\" says Felicia, finishing his sentence. \u003ccite>(Rachael Myrow/KQED)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>[ad floatright]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>This podcast features music by Glenn Gould (Toccata in D Major), Windy & Carl (Balance (Trembling)), Labradford (Wien), Aix Em Klemm (3x2 (Exit)) and Yo La Tengo (Green Arrow). Special thanks to the California Report's LA Bureau Chief Steven Cuevas for his production support.\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\n",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>UPDATE: Steve Julian died on April 24, 2016. KPCC published a lovely tribute \u003ca href=\"http://www.scpr.org/news/2016/04/24/58999/steve-julian-longtime-voice-of-kpcc-s-morning-edit/\">here\u003c/a>. His wife, Felicia Friesema, wrote on the blog she's been maintaining during his last months, \"He left this world surrounded by love, in the comfort of the home we made together, in his own bed.\" Our hearts go out to Felicia in this time of grief. We trust this story provided some measure of comfort for her when it first went up on April 1, 2016. We hope that others who encounter this story now, after Steve's death, share our profound love and compassion for those who suffer from devastating diseases, as well as those who care for them, all the way through to the end.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>\"My experience on social media is that it has always been a connecting fiber. I think that, like anything, you get out of it what you put into it.\" -- Felicia Friesema\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Felicia had seen the signs of brain cancer before. Her husband Steve Julian wasn't just forgetting his keys on the kitchen counter or having another of the myriad brain farts we often associate with middle age. He'd stop in the middle of a sentence, like he'd just hit a brick wall, and that was that.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"It wasn’t that kind of gradual onset that Alzheimer’s is. It didn’t sound or feel like dementia. This was so sudden -- and it was very eerily similar to what happened to my aunt, my tia Gloria,\" Felicia says.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>This time, it was her husband.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Over the years, they've built a cozy life together in a sweet, spacious home overlooking the 110 freeway in Highland Park. She's head of marketing for \u003ca href=\"http://foothilltransit.org/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">Foothill Transit\u003c/a>. Steve Julian is one of a handful of trusted voices helping Angelenos navigate the freeways every day, as morning anchor for KPCC-FM. In his off hours, he writes \u003ca href=\"https://stevejulian.wordpress.com/resume/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">plays\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Now, he was having trouble navigating his way through a sentence.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"Technically, all tumors are operable,\" Felicia explains. \"The question that comes into play is: What are you willing to sacrifice in order to get it out? The position and location of his tumor is such that you would have to completely destroy a lot of healthy brain tissue in order to remove it. You would be creating a situation of paralysis, major cognitive dysfunction, irreversible brain damage, and ultimately for possibly very little reward. There’s no way of skirting around it: I was looking at his death.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_10916469\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 526px\">\u003cimg class=\"size-full wp-image-10916469\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2016/04/RS18926_28415_1471890202083_544618_n-qut.jpg\" alt=\"Steve Julian and Felicia Friesema in happier times.\" width=\"526\" height=\"394\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2016/04/RS18926_28415_1471890202083_544618_n-qut.jpg 526w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2016/04/RS18926_28415_1471890202083_544618_n-qut-400x300.jpg 400w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 526px) 100vw, 526px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Steve Julian and Felicia Friesema in happier times. \u003ccite>(Courtesy of Felicia Friesema)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Around Thanksgiving last year, Steve was diagnosed with terminal brain cancer at the age of 57. They decided not to try to stretch his last months with chemo and radiation therapy. Steve has less time than he might have, but he can eat what he wants, sleep with their dogs, and squeeze the last juice out of the days that remain with Felicia.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>She's taking time off from work, thanks to a compassionate boss. In the 20 or more hours a day that Steve now sleeps, Felicia takes care of everything else: the meals, the housekeeping, the medicine, insurance and the emotional management.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Of course, friends and family are helping. Larry Mantle, Steve's dearest pal, comes over for company and a wee dram of whiskey. Friends have delivered dozens of lasagnas to the doorstep and whipped out their credit cards to cover what insurance doesn't. But at the end of the day, Felicia is alone. And every morning, there's a little bit less of Steve.\u003c/p>\n\u003cdiv class=\"callout alignright\">\n\u003cp>\u003cimg class=\"alignleft\" src=\"http://u.s.kqed.net/2015/09/14/LITDApodcastlogo.jpg\" alt=\"\">\u003c/p>\n\u003ch3>\u003ca href=\"https://itunes.apple.com/us/podcast/love-in-the-digital-age/id1037051180?mt=2\">Subscribe in iTunes\u003c/a>\u003c/h3>\n\u003cp>Don't miss an episode of 'Love in the Digital Age'\u003c/p>\n\u003c/div>\n\u003ch3>Reaching Out Online\u003c/h3>\n\u003cp>It was a few months in when I noticed Felicia's journal on \u003ca href=\"http://www.caringbridge.org/visit/stevejulian/journal/view/id/56f6a61ba689b47372c967f7\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">Caring Bridge\u003c/a>. She had me at \"\u003ca href=\"http://www.caringbridge.org/visit/stevejulian/journal/view/id/565ec52eab28b93a26d70415\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">hello\u003c/a>.\" The same was true for my \"Love in the Digital Age\" co-producer Polly Stryker.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>We recognized a kindred spirit: someone else in the special club of those who have lost or who are losing a close loved one. We had to fly down to Los Angeles and meet this woman who wrote so deeply, thoughtfully, and with such compassion, about a journey no one chooses.\u003c/p>\n\u003cblockquote>\u003cp>I know that this is treacherous ground we walk on and that time is of the essence. We wake up to the juxtaposition of joy in another day together and terror at what may come.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>There is no detailed prognosis yet. But we do know that there is no outcome we like. And I have never been so scared. But I have also never been so completely full of love for him.\u003c/p>\u003c/blockquote>\n\u003cp>That was Dec. 2, 2015. At that point, Steve could still help Felicia craft a communique to friends.\u003c/p>\n\u003cblockquote>\u003cp>I miss being at work and in the studio. I miss being with all the people I love at KPCC. I’m still good at traffic. We chose UCLA for the surgery and treatment and navigating to the westside can be tricky. The tumor can take away what I had for dinner, but not my memory of the traffic jams I've sat in.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>I am sad. I feel the unfairness of all of this. But I also feel the love for my wife, which grows every day as she balances the technical work of our affairs with the emotional work of our daily life. Like making sure I eat three solid meals. And I mean really solid. Four, sometimes. She tells me I'm loved about a hundred times a day -- I remember a few of them. Larry [Mantle, host of \u003ca href=\"http://www.scpr.org/programs/airtalk/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">Air Talk\u003c/a>], my brother in all but blood, is a rock for both of us and has been by our side from diagnosis until now.\u003c/p>\u003c/blockquote>\n\u003cp>Many people facing down the gun barrel of something this awful retreat into family. But Felicia reached out from the beginning to friends online.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"We kind of had to,\" she explains. \"We’ve kind of got a unique and peculiar situation. I mean, Steve’s a very popular radio host in a very large market. He’s also incredibly involved in the theater community here. He also used to be a cop. So, you have these seemingly disparate communities that he’s connected to. That’s thousands of people: his most intimate friends all the way down to the casual listener.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>From the peace and quiet of their home on the hill, when Steve is sleeping, Felicia can write about all the medical details it would be exhausting to repeat to people in one individual conversation after another.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Felicia is also using the blog to process what's happening in her world, \"to take this jumbled puzzle piece of post-it notes and ideas and thoughts and put them together into something that is like 'Oh! Okay.' Usually, I don’t know when I’m going to conclude until I start writing, and by the end of it, I’m like, 'Oh, that’s my “aha” moment. Okay. Alright.'\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>On Facebook, for a smaller, closer audience, Felicia shares bite-sized missives from her daily journey: proof the bees in the backyard are making \"So. Much. Honey.\"; the desperate wish MRI machines played Brian Eno instead of frightening clicks and buzzing; rage against the insurance company; pride in yet another crazy beautiful meal made for Steve.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_10916471\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 800px\">\u003cimg class=\"size-medium wp-image-10916471\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2016/04/RS18924_12915065_10209620722699730_2121111238_o-qut-800x1067.jpg\" alt=\"Felicia's not your regular home cook. She studied at the Ecole de Cuisine in Pasadena. A friend did a story on Munchies about the food she makes for Steve.\" width=\"800\" height=\"1067\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2016/04/RS18924_12915065_10209620722699730_2121111238_o-qut-800x1067.jpg 800w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2016/04/RS18924_12915065_10209620722699730_2121111238_o-qut-400x533.jpg 400w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2016/04/RS18924_12915065_10209620722699730_2121111238_o-qut.jpg 852w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Felicia's not your regular home cook. She studied at the Ecole de Cuisine in Pasadena. A friend did a story on \u003ca href=\"https://munchies.vice.com/en/articles/how-to-enjoy-every-bite-with-stage-four-brain-cancer\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">Munchies \u003c/a>about the food she makes for Steve. \u003ccite>(Courtesy of Felicia Friesema)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>And then there are the jokes. If anything, staring down death has heightened their sense of humor.\u003c/p>\n\u003cblockquote>\u003cp>Fun with brain cancer:\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Steve: Jen!\u003cbr>\nMe: Yeah babe (knowing full well he was calling for me)\u003cbr>\nSteve: Oh I'm sorry. I just called you Jen.\u003cspan class=\"text_exposed_show\">\u003cbr>\nMe: Yeah I know babe. It's ok. What's up?\u003cbr>\nSteve: (tells me some stuff he needs)\u003cbr>\nMe: No problem. By the way, (smiling) I'd like to know who the hell Jen is.\u003cbr>\nSteve: (chuckles) So would I!\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\u003c/blockquote>\n\u003cp>The love has come pouring in from a wide variety of corners. By Jan. 4, Felicia reported that more than 100 people had made deliveries, run errands or have completed tasks around the house.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Steve’s had a\u003ca href=\"http://www.scpr.org/programs/offramp/2015/12/17/45619/help-kpcc-s-steve-julian-by-eating-a-sandwich/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\"> sandwich named after him\u003c/a> at \u003ca href=\"https://www.facebook.com/waxpaperco/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">Wax Paper\u003c/a>, a local sandwich shop with a thing for public radio. Friends have \u003ca href=\"http://theworthyadversary.com/3933-dying-and-living\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">blogged about Steve\u003c/a>. Local Morning Edition hosts across the country recorded their \u003ca href=\"https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Q2_kbXF8hqc\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">well wishes\u003c/a> on YouTube.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>People, Felicia says, \"are grateful for being included, or grateful just to know that Steve’s okay for now. Or they’re grateful for an opportunity to help. I’d been crying so hard just a few days ago. I just couldn’t stop. I was so sad and so dejected. And at the end of the day, my status update on Facebook was, 'There just aren’t enough tissues in the box.' So, the next day, what arrives on my doorstep, but a case of Kleenex? And the message was, 'We know that this isn’t enough, but hopefully it helps.'\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_10916518\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 800px\">\u003cimg class=\"size-medium wp-image-10916518\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2016/04/RS18951_12509907_10209043469708766_6711914423749049661_n-qut-800x800.jpg\" alt=\"Steve Julian of KPCC in Los Angeles gets a studio named after him, and a great, big hug from President and CEO Bill Davis.\" width=\"800\" height=\"800\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2016/04/RS18951_12509907_10209043469708766_6711914423749049661_n-qut-800x800.jpg 800w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2016/04/RS18951_12509907_10209043469708766_6711914423749049661_n-qut-400x400.jpg 400w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2016/04/RS18951_12509907_10209043469708766_6711914423749049661_n-qut.jpg 960w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2016/04/RS18951_12509907_10209043469708766_6711914423749049661_n-qut-32x32.jpg 32w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2016/04/RS18951_12509907_10209043469708766_6711914423749049661_n-qut-64x64.jpg 64w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2016/04/RS18951_12509907_10209043469708766_6711914423749049661_n-qut-96x96.jpg 96w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2016/04/RS18951_12509907_10209043469708766_6711914423749049661_n-qut-128x128.jpg 128w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2016/04/RS18951_12509907_10209043469708766_6711914423749049661_n-qut-75x75.jpg 75w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Steve Julian of KPCC in Los Angeles gets a studio named after him, and a great, big hug from President and CEO Bill Davis. \u003ccite>(Courtesy of Felicia Friesema)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>\"One of the things we’ve been focusing on,\" Felicia says, \"is making sure that every day is about some kind of pleasure; some kind of happy moment, some laugh, something in there that actually makes the day not a routine of care-giving.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Felicia sighs. \"You know, something that reminds us that there are all these wonderful pieces to life and that living it doesn’t stop with a cancer diagnosis.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>What remains online from this journey is a whole lot more than the testament to the love people have for Steve and Felicia. It's a social network, in the best sense, that will be there for Felicia, waiting to engage and respond any time she wants.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_10916470\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 800px\">\u003cimg class=\"wp-image-10916470 size-medium\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2016/04/RS18925_IMG_6925-qut-800x600.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"800\" height=\"600\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2016/04/RS18925_IMG_6925-qut-800x600.jpg 800w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2016/04/RS18925_IMG_6925-qut-400x300.jpg 400w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2016/04/RS18925_IMG_6925-qut.jpg 1920w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2016/04/RS18925_IMG_6925-qut-1180x885.jpg 1180w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2016/04/RS18925_IMG_6925-qut-960x720.jpg 960w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">\"I’m very, very happy with the way that life has turned out. Where it would have gone, who knows?\" says Steve. \"I don’t care what we would have done together ...\" \"As long as we were together,\" says Felicia, finishing his sentence. \u003ccite>(Rachael Myrow/KQED)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"rss": "https://podcasts.files.bbci.co.uk/p02nq0gn.rss"
}
},
"californiareport": {
"id": "californiareport",
"title": "The California Report",
"tagline": "California, day by day",
"info": "KQED’s statewide radio news program providing daily coverage of issues, trends and public policy decisions.",
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"officialWebsiteLink": "/californiareport",
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"order": 8
},
"link": "/californiareport",
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}
},
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"id": "californiareportmagazine",
"title": "The California Report Magazine",
"tagline": "Your state, your stories",
"info": "Every week, The California Report Magazine takes you on a road trip for the ears: to visit the places and meet the people who make California unique. The in-depth storytelling podcast from the California Report.",
"airtime": "FRI 4:30pm-5pm, 6:30pm-7pm, 11pm-11:30pm",
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"officialWebsiteLink": "/californiareportmagazine",
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"order": 10
},
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"google": "https://podcasts.google.com/feed/aHR0cHM6Ly9mZWVkcy5tZWdhcGhvbmUuZm0vS1FJTkM3NjkwNjk1OTAz",
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},
"city-arts": {
"id": "city-arts",
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"info": "A one-hour radio program to hear celebrated writers, artists and thinkers address contemporary ideas and values, often discussing the creative process. Please note: tapes or transcripts are not available",
"imageSrc": "https://ww2.kqed.org/radio/wp-content/uploads/sites/50/2018/05/cityartsandlecture-300x300.jpg",
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"airtime": "SUN 1pm-2pm, TUE 10pm, WED 1am",
"meta": {
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"source": "City Arts & Lectures"
},
"link": "https://www.cityarts.net",
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"rss": "https://www.cityarts.net/feed/"
}
},
"closealltabs": {
"id": "closealltabs",
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"order": 1
},
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"title": "Code Switch / Life Kit",
"info": "\u003cem>Code Switch\u003c/em>, which listeners will hear in the first part of the hour, has fearless and much-needed conversations about race. Hosted by journalists of color, the show tackles the subject of race head-on, exploring how it impacts every part of society — from politics and pop culture to history, sports and more.\u003cbr />\u003cbr />\u003cem>Life Kit\u003c/em>, which will be in the second part of the hour, guides you through spaces and feelings no one prepares you for — from finances to mental health, from workplace microaggressions to imposter syndrome, from relationships to parenting. The show features experts with real world experience and shares their knowledge. Because everyone needs a little help being human.\u003cbr />\u003cbr />\u003ca href=\"https://www.npr.org/podcasts/510312/codeswitch\">\u003cem>Code Switch\u003c/em> offical site and podcast\u003c/a>\u003cbr />\u003ca href=\"https://www.npr.org/lifekit\">\u003cem>Life Kit\u003c/em> offical site and podcast\u003c/a>\u003cbr />",
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"id": "commonwealth-club",
"title": "Commonwealth Club of California Podcast",
"info": "The Commonwealth Club of California is the nation's oldest and largest public affairs forum. As a non-partisan forum, The Club brings to the public airwaves diverse viewpoints on important topics. The Club's weekly radio broadcast - the oldest in the U.S., dating back to 1924 - is carried across the nation on public radio stations and is now podcasting. Our website archive features audio of our recent programs, as well as selected speeches from our long and distinguished history. This podcast feed is usually updated twice a week and is always un-edited.",
"airtime": "THU 10pm, FRI 1am",
"imageSrc": "https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/04/Commonwealth-Club-Podcast-Tile-360x360-1.jpg",
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"meta": {
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"source": "Commonwealth Club of California"
},
"link": "/radio/program/commonwealth-club",
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"google": "https://podcasts.google.com/feed/aHR0cDovL3d3dy5jb21tb253ZWFsdGhjbHViLm9yZy9hdWRpby9wb2RjYXN0L3dlZWtseS54bWw",
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},
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"id": "forum",
"title": "Forum",
"tagline": "The conversation starts here",
"info": "KQED’s live call-in program discussing local, state, national and international issues, as well as in-depth interviews.",
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"imageSrc": "https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/04/Forum-Podcast-Tile-703x703-1.jpg",
"imageAlt": "KQED Forum with Mina Kim and Alexis Madrigal",
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"source": "kqed",
"order": 9
},
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"google": "https://podcasts.google.com/feed/aHR0cHM6Ly9mZWVkcy5tZWdhcGhvbmUuZm0vS1FJTkM5NTU3MzgxNjMz",
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"id": "freakonomics-radio",
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"imageSrc": "https://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2018/05/freakonomicsRadio.png",
"officialWebsiteLink": "http://freakonomics.com/",
"airtime": "SUN 1am-2am, SAT 3pm-4pm",
"meta": {
"site": "radio",
"source": "WNYC"
},
"link": "/radio/program/freakonomics-radio",
"subscribe": {
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"apple": "https://itunes.apple.com/us/podcast/freakonomics-radio/id354668519",
"tuneIn": "https://tunein.com/podcasts/WNYC-Podcasts/Freakonomics-Radio-p272293/",
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},
"fresh-air": {
"id": "fresh-air",
"title": "Fresh Air",
"info": "Hosted by Terry Gross, \u003cem>Fresh Air from WHYY\u003c/em> is the Peabody Award-winning weekday magazine of contemporary arts and issues. One of public radio's most popular programs, Fresh Air features intimate conversations with today's biggest luminaries.",
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"apple": "https://itunes.apple.com/WebObjects/MZStore.woa/wa/viewPodcast?s=143441&mt=2&id=214089682&at=11l79Y&ct=nprdirectory",
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"here-and-now": {
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"info": "A live production of NPR and WBUR Boston, in collaboration with stations across the country, Here & Now reflects the fluid world of news as it's happening in the middle of the day, with timely, in-depth news, interviews and conversation. Hosted by Robin Young, Jeremy Hobson and Tonya Mosley.",
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"rss": "https://feeds.npr.org/510051/podcast.xml"
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},
"hidden-brain": {
"id": "hidden-brain",
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"info": "Shankar Vedantam uses science and storytelling to reveal the unconscious patterns that drive human behavior, shape our choices and direct our relationships.",
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"officialWebsiteLink": "https://www.npr.org/series/423302056/hidden-brain",
"airtime": "SUN 7pm-8pm",
"meta": {
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"source": "NPR"
},
"link": "/radio/program/hidden-brain",
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},
"how-i-built-this": {
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"title": "How I Built This with Guy Raz",
"info": "Guy Raz dives into the stories behind some of the world's best known companies. How I Built This weaves a narrative journey about innovators, entrepreneurs and idealists—and the movements they built.",
"imageSrc": "https://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2018/05/howIBuiltThis.png",
"officialWebsiteLink": "https://www.npr.org/podcasts/510313/how-i-built-this",
"airtime": "SUN 7:30pm-8pm",
"meta": {
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"source": "npr"
},
"link": "/radio/program/how-i-built-this",
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"npr": "https://rpb3r.app.goo.gl/3zxy",
"apple": "https://itunes.apple.com/us/podcast/how-i-built-this-with-guy-raz/id1150510297?mt=2",
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},
"hyphenacion": {
"id": "hyphenacion",
"title": "Hyphenación",
"tagline": "Where conversation and cultura meet",
"info": "What kind of no sabo word is Hyphenación? For us, it’s about living within a hyphenation. Like being a third-gen Mexican-American from the Texas border now living that Bay Area Chicano life. Like Xorje! Each week we bring together a couple of hyphenated Latinos to talk all about personal life choices: family, careers, relationships, belonging … everything is on the table. ",
"imageSrc": "https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2025/03/Hyphenacion_FinalAssets_PodcastTile.png",
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"officialWebsiteLink": "/podcasts/hyphenacion",
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"order": 15
},
"link": "/podcasts/hyphenacion",
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},
"jerrybrown": {
"id": "jerrybrown",
"title": "The Political Mind of Jerry Brown",
"tagline": "Lessons from a lifetime in politics",
"info": "The Political Mind of Jerry Brown brings listeners the wisdom of the former Governor, Mayor, and presidential candidate. Scott Shafer interviewed Brown for more than 40 hours, covering the former governor's life and half-century in the political game and Brown has some lessons he'd like to share. ",
"imageSrc": "https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/04/The-Political-Mind-of-Jerry-Brown-Podcast-Tile-703x703-1.jpg",
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"officialWebsiteLink": "/podcasts/jerrybrown",
"meta": {
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"order": 18
},
"link": "/podcasts/jerrybrown",
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"apple": "https://itunes.apple.com/us/podcast/id1492194549",
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}
},
"latino-usa": {
"id": "latino-usa",
"title": "Latino USA",
"airtime": "MON 1am-2am, SUN 6pm-7pm",
"info": "Latino USA, the radio journal of news and culture, is the only national, English-language radio program produced from a Latino perspective.",
"imageSrc": "https://ww2.kqed.org/radio/wp-content/uploads/sites/50/2018/04/latinoUsa.jpg",
"officialWebsiteLink": "http://latinousa.org/",
"meta": {
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},
"link": "/radio/program/latino-usa",
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"apple": "https://itunes.apple.com/WebObjects/MZStore.woa/wa/viewPodcast?s=143441&mt=2&id=79681317&at=11l79Y&ct=nprdirectory",
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"rss": "https://feeds.npr.org/510016/podcast.xml"
}
},
"marketplace": {
"id": "marketplace",
"title": "Marketplace",
"info": "Our flagship program, helmed by Kai Ryssdal, examines what the day in money delivered, through stories, conversations, newsworthy numbers and more. Updated Monday through Friday at about 3:30 p.m. PT.",
"airtime": "MON-FRI 4pm-4:30pm, MON-WED 6:30pm-7pm",
"imageSrc": "https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/04/Marketplace-Podcast-Tile-360x360-1.jpg",
"officialWebsiteLink": "https://www.marketplace.org/",
"meta": {
"site": "news",
"source": "American Public Media"
},
"link": "/radio/program/marketplace",
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"rss": "https://feeds.publicradio.org/public_feeds/marketplace-pm/rss/rss"
}
},
"masters-of-scale": {
"id": "masters-of-scale",
"title": "Masters of Scale",
"info": "Masters of Scale is an original podcast in which LinkedIn co-founder and Greylock Partner Reid Hoffman sets out to describe and prove theories that explain how great entrepreneurs take their companies from zero to a gazillion in ingenious fashion.",
"airtime": "Every other Wednesday June 12 through October 16 at 8pm (repeats Thursdays at 2am)",
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"officialWebsiteLink": "https://mastersofscale.com/",
"meta": {
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"source": "WaitWhat"
},
"link": "/radio/program/masters-of-scale",
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"rss": "https://rss.art19.com/masters-of-scale"
}
},
"mindshift": {
"id": "mindshift",
"title": "MindShift",
"tagline": "A podcast about the future of learning and how we raise our kids",
"info": "The MindShift podcast explores the innovations in education that are shaping how kids learn. Hosts Ki Sung and Katrina Schwartz introduce listeners to educators, researchers, parents and students who are developing effective ways to improve how kids learn. We cover topics like how fed-up administrators are developing surprising tactics to deal with classroom disruptions; how listening to podcasts are helping kids develop reading skills; the consequences of overparenting; and why interdisciplinary learning can engage students on all ends of the traditional achievement spectrum. This podcast is part of the MindShift education site, a division of KQED News. KQED is an NPR/PBS member station based in San Francisco. You can also visit the MindShift website for episodes and supplemental blog posts or tweet us \u003ca href=\"https://twitter.com/MindShiftKQED\">@MindShiftKQED\u003c/a> or visit us at \u003ca href=\"/mindshift\">MindShift.KQED.org\u003c/a>",
"imageSrc": "https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/04/Mindshift-Podcast-Tile-703x703-1.jpg",
"imageAlt": "KQED MindShift: How We Will Learn",
"officialWebsiteLink": "/mindshift/",
"meta": {
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"source": "kqed",
"order": 12
},
"link": "/podcasts/mindshift",
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"google": "https://podcasts.google.com/feed/aHR0cHM6Ly9mZWVkcy5tZWdhcGhvbmUuZm0vS1FJTkM1NzY0NjAwNDI5",
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}
},
"morning-edition": {
"id": "morning-edition",
"title": "Morning Edition",
"info": "\u003cem>Morning Edition\u003c/em> takes listeners around the country and the world with multi-faceted stories and commentaries every weekday. Hosts Steve Inskeep, David Greene and Rachel Martin bring you the latest breaking news and features to prepare you for the day.",
"airtime": "MON-FRI 3am-9am",
"imageSrc": "https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/04/Morning-Edition-Podcast-Tile-360x360-1.jpg",
"officialWebsiteLink": "https://www.npr.org/programs/morning-edition/",
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"link": "/radio/program/morning-edition"
},
"onourwatch": {
"id": "onourwatch",
"title": "On Our Watch",
"tagline": "Deeply-reported investigative journalism",
"info": "For decades, the process for how police police themselves has been inconsistent – if not opaque. In some states, like California, these proceedings were completely hidden. After a new police transparency law unsealed scores of internal affairs files, our reporters set out to examine these cases and the shadow world of police discipline. On Our Watch brings listeners into the rooms where officers are questioned and witnesses are interrogated to find out who this system is really protecting. Is it the officers, or the public they've sworn to serve?",
"imageSrc": "https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/04/On-Our-Watch-Podcast-Tile-703x703-1.jpg",
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"officialWebsiteLink": "/podcasts/onourwatch",
"meta": {
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"source": "kqed",
"order": 11
},
"link": "/podcasts/onourwatch",
"subscribe": {
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"google": "https://podcasts.google.com/feed/aHR0cHM6Ly9mZWVkcy5ucHIub3JnLzUxMDM2MC9wb2RjYXN0LnhtbD9zYz1nb29nbGVwb2RjYXN0cw",
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"stitcher": "https://www.stitcher.com/show/on-our-watch",
"rss": "https://feeds.npr.org/510360/podcast.xml"
}
},
"on-the-media": {
"id": "on-the-media",
"title": "On The Media",
"info": "Our weekly podcast explores how the media 'sausage' is made, casts an incisive eye on fluctuations in the marketplace of ideas, and examines threats to the freedom of information and expression in America and abroad. For one hour a week, the show tries to lift the veil from the process of \"making media,\" especially news media, because it's through that lens that we see the world and the world sees us",
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"info": "One of public radio's most dynamic voices, Sam Sanders helped launch The NPR Politics Podcast and hosted NPR's hit show It's Been A Minute. Now, the award-winning host returns with something brand new, The Sam Sanders Show. Every week, Sam Sanders and friends dig into the culture that shapes our lives: what's driving the biggest trends, how artists really think, and even the memes you can't stop scrolling past. Sam is beloved for his way of unpacking the world and bringing you up close to fresh currents and engaging conversations. The Sam Sanders Show is smart, funny and always a good time.",
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