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"content": "\u003cp>\u003cem>Updated 4:39 p.m. Wednesday\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Oakland’s school district will run out of money as soon as next fall if it doesn’t make significant budget changes, the head of the Alameda County Office of Education said in a new letter that lays out in stark terms the \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/news/12017719/oaklands-school-merger-plan-stalled-districts-huge-deficit-remains\">fiscal crisis gripping the district\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/news/tag/oakland-unified-school-district\">Oakland Unified School District\u003c/a>, while facing a $152 million budget shortfall this year, is putting off difficult but consequential decisions, according to the letter sent to the district on Tuesday and obtained by KQED. The letter went on to say OUSD could be out of cash by November and unable to meet its financial obligations if it doesn’t approve long-delayed cost-saving measures — most significantly by possibly \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/news/12014397/parents-teachers-say-oakland-school-mergers-could-hurt-students-in-the-flatlands\">closing and merging schools\u003c/a> — in the next six months.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“If the Board does not make decisions now, it will rapidly lose the ability to make them at all,” Alameda County Superintendent Alysse Castro wrote in the letter, raising the specter of the total loss of local control if the district needs another bankruptcy loan from the state.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Castro’s office is also stepping up its oversight of the beleaguered district, a move that was automatically triggered by the district’s negative budget certification in its first fiscal review of the year. The Alameda County Office of Education will assign a fiscal adviser to guide OUSD through the next six months as it rolls out its latest budget-balancing plan, passed in June.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“This is a last opportunity to provide additional intervention to support the Board in their decision-making efforts,” Castro wrote in the letter.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_12017853\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 2000px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-full wp-image-12017853\" src=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/12/20241211-OUSDMergerVote-JY-029.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"2000\" height=\"1334\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/12/20241211-OUSDMergerVote-JY-029.jpg 2000w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/12/20241211-OUSDMergerVote-JY-029-800x534.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/12/20241211-OUSDMergerVote-JY-029-1020x680.jpg 1020w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/12/20241211-OUSDMergerVote-JY-029-160x107.jpg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/12/20241211-OUSDMergerVote-JY-029-1536x1025.jpg 1536w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/12/20241211-OUSDMergerVote-JY-029-1920x1281.jpg 1920w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 2000px) 100vw, 2000px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Naija Garg, 8, attends the Oakland Unified School District Board Meeting at La Escuelita Elementary School in Oakland on Wednesday, Dec. 11, 2024. The School Board took public comment on a proposed merger of 10 different schools. \u003ccite>(Juliana Yamada/KQED)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>The warning comes on the heels of a tense final \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/news/12017719/oaklands-school-merger-plan-stalled-districts-huge-deficit-remains\">school board meeting in December\u003c/a>, where board members were expected to vote on a proposal to merge 10 small schools that are co-located on five campuses. Despite the standing-room-only crowd of emotional parents, students and staff, no representative made a motion to vote on the plan, leaving it stalled indefinitely.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Former board president Sam Davis, who opted not to run for re-election, cautioned against kicking the can further down the road, since it would only mean making larger cuts later.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“I did my best this year as your president to carry us through the AB 1912 [consolidation] process,” he said before the meeting closed. “Yet here we are in December without a decision to move forward with the school closures and consolidations that we all know are inevitable given the rising cost of living that is pushing families out of Oakland and declining enrollment overall.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[aside postID=news_12021883 hero='https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2025/01/02172023_ksuzuki_tkprogress-010_qed-1020x679.jpg']\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>OUSD has backed off of plans to close schools twice since 2021, when a plan to shutter 11 schools led to widespread anger from families and a hunger strike by two staff members. That proposal passed, but it was \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/news/11937906/oakland-school-board-halts-controversial-closure-plan-sparing-5-elementary-schools\">reversed\u003c/a> when a new board took office in January 2023.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Last fall, the mergers were proposed after a \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/news/12013739/oakland-school-board-spurns-campus-closures-plans-merge-some-schools-instead\">larger list of schools\u003c/a> to shutter was floated to board members by OUSD Superintendent Kyla Johnson-Trammell but didn’t receive enough support, Davis told KQED at the time.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>FCMAT, the financial company tasked with assisting the district and county with financial management, said the district has repeatedly failed to use its tools to develop a “coherent” fiscal solvency plan, according to the Alameda County letter.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Instead of using these resources, the district has created multiple alternative plans, which it continues to alter or bypass when faced with difficult decisions,” FCMAT’s review said. “As a result, the district board defers necessary decisions, and when made, they are either rescinded or their implementation is delayed.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The budget crisis isn’t new — OUSD has been in state receivership since 2003 and is currently set to regain full financial control in 2026 after making its final loan payment to the state — but it has been exacerbated by declining enrollment and significant increases in compensation.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>During the COVID-19 pandemic, OUSD was able to lean on one-time relief funds, especially as its number of students declined, but those have now dried up.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_12017854\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 2000px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-full wp-image-12017854\" src=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/12/20241211-OUSDMergerVote-JY-016.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"2000\" height=\"1332\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/12/20241211-OUSDMergerVote-JY-016.jpg 2000w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/12/20241211-OUSDMergerVote-JY-016-800x533.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/12/20241211-OUSDMergerVote-JY-016-1020x679.jpg 1020w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/12/20241211-OUSDMergerVote-JY-016-160x107.jpg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/12/20241211-OUSDMergerVote-JY-016-1536x1023.jpg 1536w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/12/20241211-OUSDMergerVote-JY-016-1920x1279.jpg 1920w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 2000px) 100vw, 2000px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Students, families, educators and community members attend the Oakland Unified School District Board Meeting at La Escuelita Elementary School in Oakland on Wednesday, Dec. 11, 2024. \u003ccite>(Juliana Yamada/KQED)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>In June 2023, the board voted to give teachers a 10% raise after they went on a \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/news/11949458/oakland-teachers-strike-ends-as-union-reaches-agreement-with-school-district\">seven-day strike\u003c/a>, but without making necessary budget adjustments elsewhere, it’s been spending beyond its means to cover these new wages.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>While enrollment dropped in the early 2000s, OUSD opened \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/news/11726682/why-does-oakland-have-so-many-small-schools\">more than 40 new small campuses\u003c/a> as part of a movement meant to improve equity for students in Oakland’s lower-income neighborhoods.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Lisa Grant-Dawson, the district’s chief budget officer, said that in the past, declining enrollment was something “almost not accepted” by the district. For years, they’ve pushed off restructuring and scraped by by making mid-year cuts.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“It’s been decades of not dealing with systemic issues and ultimately asking the superintendent … and the staff to make it work for the year with some commitment that ‘We’ll do something in the future,’” she told KQED. “That doesn’t happen and we just reach the place where we’ve run out of space for us to be able to make amends as we have historically.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The current budget-balancing process — known as the Re-Envision, Redesign, and Restructure plan — includes reviewing the district’s footprint, which could mean closing or merging schools and restructuring its staffing formula, business and operations, and school site allocations. The board will also examine equity and student outcomes.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>It will add to the cost savings the budget team identifies in the 2025-2026 spending plan after the board approved more than two dozen budget-balancing solutions for district staff last month. These include centralizing contracts with community agencies and supply manufacturers and reducing school site discretionary funding.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The new board seems less amenable to school consolidations than the last without Davis, but Castro warned that officials have reached the “fork in the road” she’s warned about for the last year of the budget discussion.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“One path leads back to full local control: paying off the loan, exiting trusteeship, and embarking on a new era of sustainable community schools. The other path — one paved by refusing to make tradeoffs and by deferring hard decisions — leads quickly to another bankruptcy loan from the State and a forfeit of local decision-making authority,” she wrote.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Grant-Dawson isn’t sure that’s enough time to fully develop a strategic fiscal plan or if the board will move to implement it.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“I think that they can develop concepts. I think what we’ve seen historically, though, is there is a commitment to move in a direction, you just don’t get there,” she said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad floatright]\u003c/p>\n",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>\u003cem>Updated 4:39 p.m. Wednesday\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Oakland’s school district will run out of money as soon as next fall if it doesn’t make significant budget changes, the head of the Alameda County Office of Education said in a new letter that lays out in stark terms the \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/news/12017719/oaklands-school-merger-plan-stalled-districts-huge-deficit-remains\">fiscal crisis gripping the district\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/news/tag/oakland-unified-school-district\">Oakland Unified School District\u003c/a>, while facing a $152 million budget shortfall this year, is putting off difficult but consequential decisions, according to the letter sent to the district on Tuesday and obtained by KQED. The letter went on to say OUSD could be out of cash by November and unable to meet its financial obligations if it doesn’t approve long-delayed cost-saving measures — most significantly by possibly \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/news/12014397/parents-teachers-say-oakland-school-mergers-could-hurt-students-in-the-flatlands\">closing and merging schools\u003c/a> — in the next six months.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“If the Board does not make decisions now, it will rapidly lose the ability to make them at all,” Alameda County Superintendent Alysse Castro wrote in the letter, raising the specter of the total loss of local control if the district needs another bankruptcy loan from the state.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Castro’s office is also stepping up its oversight of the beleaguered district, a move that was automatically triggered by the district’s negative budget certification in its first fiscal review of the year. The Alameda County Office of Education will assign a fiscal adviser to guide OUSD through the next six months as it rolls out its latest budget-balancing plan, passed in June.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“This is a last opportunity to provide additional intervention to support the Board in their decision-making efforts,” Castro wrote in the letter.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_12017853\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 2000px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-full wp-image-12017853\" src=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/12/20241211-OUSDMergerVote-JY-029.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"2000\" height=\"1334\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/12/20241211-OUSDMergerVote-JY-029.jpg 2000w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/12/20241211-OUSDMergerVote-JY-029-800x534.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/12/20241211-OUSDMergerVote-JY-029-1020x680.jpg 1020w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/12/20241211-OUSDMergerVote-JY-029-160x107.jpg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/12/20241211-OUSDMergerVote-JY-029-1536x1025.jpg 1536w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/12/20241211-OUSDMergerVote-JY-029-1920x1281.jpg 1920w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 2000px) 100vw, 2000px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Naija Garg, 8, attends the Oakland Unified School District Board Meeting at La Escuelita Elementary School in Oakland on Wednesday, Dec. 11, 2024. The School Board took public comment on a proposed merger of 10 different schools. \u003ccite>(Juliana Yamada/KQED)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>The warning comes on the heels of a tense final \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/news/12017719/oaklands-school-merger-plan-stalled-districts-huge-deficit-remains\">school board meeting in December\u003c/a>, where board members were expected to vote on a proposal to merge 10 small schools that are co-located on five campuses. Despite the standing-room-only crowd of emotional parents, students and staff, no representative made a motion to vote on the plan, leaving it stalled indefinitely.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Former board president Sam Davis, who opted not to run for re-election, cautioned against kicking the can further down the road, since it would only mean making larger cuts later.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“I did my best this year as your president to carry us through the AB 1912 [consolidation] process,” he said before the meeting closed. “Yet here we are in December without a decision to move forward with the school closures and consolidations that we all know are inevitable given the rising cost of living that is pushing families out of Oakland and declining enrollment overall.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>OUSD has backed off of plans to close schools twice since 2021, when a plan to shutter 11 schools led to widespread anger from families and a hunger strike by two staff members. That proposal passed, but it was \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/news/11937906/oakland-school-board-halts-controversial-closure-plan-sparing-5-elementary-schools\">reversed\u003c/a> when a new board took office in January 2023.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Last fall, the mergers were proposed after a \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/news/12013739/oakland-school-board-spurns-campus-closures-plans-merge-some-schools-instead\">larger list of schools\u003c/a> to shutter was floated to board members by OUSD Superintendent Kyla Johnson-Trammell but didn’t receive enough support, Davis told KQED at the time.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>FCMAT, the financial company tasked with assisting the district and county with financial management, said the district has repeatedly failed to use its tools to develop a “coherent” fiscal solvency plan, according to the Alameda County letter.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Instead of using these resources, the district has created multiple alternative plans, which it continues to alter or bypass when faced with difficult decisions,” FCMAT’s review said. “As a result, the district board defers necessary decisions, and when made, they are either rescinded or their implementation is delayed.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The budget crisis isn’t new — OUSD has been in state receivership since 2003 and is currently set to regain full financial control in 2026 after making its final loan payment to the state — but it has been exacerbated by declining enrollment and significant increases in compensation.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>During the COVID-19 pandemic, OUSD was able to lean on one-time relief funds, especially as its number of students declined, but those have now dried up.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_12017854\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 2000px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-full wp-image-12017854\" src=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/12/20241211-OUSDMergerVote-JY-016.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"2000\" height=\"1332\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/12/20241211-OUSDMergerVote-JY-016.jpg 2000w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/12/20241211-OUSDMergerVote-JY-016-800x533.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/12/20241211-OUSDMergerVote-JY-016-1020x679.jpg 1020w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/12/20241211-OUSDMergerVote-JY-016-160x107.jpg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/12/20241211-OUSDMergerVote-JY-016-1536x1023.jpg 1536w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/12/20241211-OUSDMergerVote-JY-016-1920x1279.jpg 1920w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 2000px) 100vw, 2000px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Students, families, educators and community members attend the Oakland Unified School District Board Meeting at La Escuelita Elementary School in Oakland on Wednesday, Dec. 11, 2024. \u003ccite>(Juliana Yamada/KQED)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>In June 2023, the board voted to give teachers a 10% raise after they went on a \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/news/11949458/oakland-teachers-strike-ends-as-union-reaches-agreement-with-school-district\">seven-day strike\u003c/a>, but without making necessary budget adjustments elsewhere, it’s been spending beyond its means to cover these new wages.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>While enrollment dropped in the early 2000s, OUSD opened \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/news/11726682/why-does-oakland-have-so-many-small-schools\">more than 40 new small campuses\u003c/a> as part of a movement meant to improve equity for students in Oakland’s lower-income neighborhoods.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Lisa Grant-Dawson, the district’s chief budget officer, said that in the past, declining enrollment was something “almost not accepted” by the district. For years, they’ve pushed off restructuring and scraped by by making mid-year cuts.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“It’s been decades of not dealing with systemic issues and ultimately asking the superintendent … and the staff to make it work for the year with some commitment that ‘We’ll do something in the future,’” she told KQED. “That doesn’t happen and we just reach the place where we’ve run out of space for us to be able to make amends as we have historically.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The current budget-balancing process — known as the Re-Envision, Redesign, and Restructure plan — includes reviewing the district’s footprint, which could mean closing or merging schools and restructuring its staffing formula, business and operations, and school site allocations. The board will also examine equity and student outcomes.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>It will add to the cost savings the budget team identifies in the 2025-2026 spending plan after the board approved more than two dozen budget-balancing solutions for district staff last month. These include centralizing contracts with community agencies and supply manufacturers and reducing school site discretionary funding.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The new board seems less amenable to school consolidations than the last without Davis, but Castro warned that officials have reached the “fork in the road” she’s warned about for the last year of the budget discussion.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“One path leads back to full local control: paying off the loan, exiting trusteeship, and embarking on a new era of sustainable community schools. The other path — one paved by refusing to make tradeoffs and by deferring hard decisions — leads quickly to another bankruptcy loan from the State and a forfeit of local decision-making authority,” she wrote.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Grant-Dawson isn’t sure that’s enough time to fully develop a strategic fiscal plan or if the board will move to implement it.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“I think that they can develop concepts. I think what we’ve seen historically, though, is there is a commitment to move in a direction, you just don’t get there,” she said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cp>California officials are looking for another school to help execute its \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/news/12020406/journalists-union-california-should-renegotiate-states-newsroom-funding-deal-google\">controversial\u003c/a> deal with Google to fund journalism in the state after the University of California, Berkeley, announced it would not host the partnership.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The deal, reached last summer, came after Google and Meta lobbied against legislation, modeled after agreements in\u003ca href=\"https://www.latimes.com/world-nation/story/2024-07-24/california-is-trying-to-pressure-big-tech-to-pay-for-news-what-can-we-learn-from-australia-and-canada\"> Australia and Canada\u003c/a>, that would have mandated that digital platforms pay publishers for using their content.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The legislation, authored by Assemblymember Buffy Wicks and approved by Gov. Gavin Newsom, promises to send $180 million to California journalism programs over five years, beginning in 2025. Of that money, $125 million was earmarked for a proposed News Transformation Fund to be housed at the UC Berkeley Graduate School of Journalism.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>However, a spokesperson for Wicks confirmed, “The journalism school did write a letter indicating that UC Berkeley cannot serve as a passthrough for funds from Google and the state. However, the letter does express an interest in other potential ways for us to work together, and there have been continuing conversations with members of the journalism school in recent months,” Erin Ivie wrote.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In the letter sent to Wicks’ office in mid-October, school officials wrote they had concerns about the fact the school would not have the power to determine how money would be allocated to newsrooms. The agreement would leave decisions up to a seven-member board that has yet to be named.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[aside postID=news_12020406 hero='https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2022/07/RS26525_GettyImages-486234008-1020x681.jpg']\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“We remain actively in conversation with Assemblymember Wicks about how our school can be helpful and about any and all efforts that can support California newsrooms,” Acting Dean Elena Conis told KQED.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>A spokesperson for Gov. Gavin Newsom’s office wrote to KQED, “The Governor agreed to allocate $30 million as part of the proposed budget for this program, and we have done that,” in his 2025 budget proposal, released last week. The final budget is expected to be approved this summer.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>A spokesperson for the University of Southern California — which previously indicated it was approached by state negotiators about housing the fund — told KQED that no final decision had been made.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“We were contacted about the proposal last fall. We are learning more, and no commitment has been made,” the USC spokesperson wrote in an email on Thursday.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Earlier this month, the Media Guild of the West \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/news/12020406/journalists-union-california-should-renegotiate-states-newsroom-funding-deal-google\">called for an overhaul\u003c/a> of the agreement. Union President Matt Pearce wrote that the “meager” contributions of the deal will not be enough to “correct” the market and stimulate job growth across California’s collapsing news sector.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Google did not respond to repeated requests for comment.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>California officials are looking for another school to help execute its \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/news/12020406/journalists-union-california-should-renegotiate-states-newsroom-funding-deal-google\">controversial\u003c/a> deal with Google to fund journalism in the state after the University of California, Berkeley, announced it would not host the partnership.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The deal, reached last summer, came after Google and Meta lobbied against legislation, modeled after agreements in\u003ca href=\"https://www.latimes.com/world-nation/story/2024-07-24/california-is-trying-to-pressure-big-tech-to-pay-for-news-what-can-we-learn-from-australia-and-canada\"> Australia and Canada\u003c/a>, that would have mandated that digital platforms pay publishers for using their content.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The legislation, authored by Assemblymember Buffy Wicks and approved by Gov. Gavin Newsom, promises to send $180 million to California journalism programs over five years, beginning in 2025. Of that money, $125 million was earmarked for a proposed News Transformation Fund to be housed at the UC Berkeley Graduate School of Journalism.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>However, a spokesperson for Wicks confirmed, “The journalism school did write a letter indicating that UC Berkeley cannot serve as a passthrough for funds from Google and the state. However, the letter does express an interest in other potential ways for us to work together, and there have been continuing conversations with members of the journalism school in recent months,” Erin Ivie wrote.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In the letter sent to Wicks’ office in mid-October, school officials wrote they had concerns about the fact the school would not have the power to determine how money would be allocated to newsrooms. The agreement would leave decisions up to a seven-member board that has yet to be named.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“We remain actively in conversation with Assemblymember Wicks about how our school can be helpful and about any and all efforts that can support California newsrooms,” Acting Dean Elena Conis told KQED.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>A spokesperson for Gov. Gavin Newsom’s office wrote to KQED, “The Governor agreed to allocate $30 million as part of the proposed budget for this program, and we have done that,” in his 2025 budget proposal, released last week. The final budget is expected to be approved this summer.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>A spokesperson for the University of Southern California — which previously indicated it was approached by state negotiators about housing the fund — told KQED that no final decision had been made.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“We were contacted about the proposal last fall. We are learning more, and no commitment has been made,” the USC spokesperson wrote in an email on Thursday.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Earlier this month, the Media Guild of the West \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/news/12020406/journalists-union-california-should-renegotiate-states-newsroom-funding-deal-google\">called for an overhaul\u003c/a> of the agreement. Union President Matt Pearce wrote that the “meager” contributions of the deal will not be enough to “correct” the market and stimulate job growth across California’s collapsing news sector.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Google did not respond to repeated requests for comment.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>",
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"slug": "pro-palestinian-activist-admits-torching-uc-berkeley-police-car-4-other-fires",
"title": "Pro-Palestinian Activist Admits to Torching UC Berkeley Police Car and 4 Other Fires",
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"content": "\u003cp>The person accused of firebombing a \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/news/tag/uc-berkeley\">UC Berkeley\u003c/a> police vehicle pleaded guilty to setting the blaze and took responsibility for four other acts of arson in the East Bay last June as part of the plea deal.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Casey Robert Goonan, 34, pleaded guilty Tuesday to one federal count of arson for the June 1 firebombing after previously \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/news/11997528/uc-berkeley-firebombing-suspect-pleads-not-guilty-in-federal-court\">pleading not guilty\u003c/a> in July. They were originally \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/news/11993676/suspect-in-firebombing-of-uc-berkeley-police-vehicle-could-face-20-years-in-prison\">indicted by a federal grand jury\u003c/a> on two arson charges and a third for possession of an unregistered firearm.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The deal was initially \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/news/12016602/uc-berkeley-firebombing-suspect-reaches-plea-deal-federal-arson-charge\">reached last month\u003c/a> when Goonan agreed to plead guilty to damaging property used in or affecting interstate commerce by fire in exchange for dropping the other two charges. Goonan officially changed their plea in Tuesday’s hearing.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>They took responsibility for setting a university police vehicle on fire by lighting Molotov cocktails under it and starting three other blazes on the campus as protests over the war in Gaza took hold of UC Berkeley and colleges throughout the country last June. Goonan also claimed responsibility for attempting to set fire to the Ronald V. Dellums Federal Building and U.S. Courthouse in downtown Oakland.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>According to the Department of Justice, Goonan planned to throw three Molotov cocktails into the Oakland federal building but, after being seen by law enforcement officials, set fire to the explosives in a planter outside the building instead.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Goonan’s attorney, Jeff Wozniak, said that between now and the sentencing, he plans to introduce information about Goonan’s mental state leading up to the arsons.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[aside postID=news_12022344 hero='https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2025/01/CeasefireGazaAP-1020x680.jpg']\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Casey has long been an activist, long cared about Palestinian liberation and been very vocal against the ongoing genocide,” Wozniak told KQED. “This is not the type of action that Casey was involved in before, and so we’re going to provide more information, more context about Casey’s mental health struggles and specifically what was going on before these acts happened.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The three other fires at the campus were set near the C.V. Starr East Asian Library on June 1, outside Koshland Hall on June 13, and at a construction site near Dwinelle Annex on June 16.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>At the time, unidentified pro-Palestinian activists claimed responsibility for the firebombing and the three other arsons on campus.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>A post published anonymously on Indybay.com under the name “marilyn’s daughters” said they set the fire at the construction site near Dwinelle Annex as part of a weeklong effort “in retaliation for [University of California police]’s violent assaults on vulnerable student demonstrators,” citing incidents at UCLA and UC Santa Cruz.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Goonan is being held without bail at Santa Rita Jail until their sentencing on April 8. They could face up to 20 years in federal prison.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Wozniak said Wednesday that he hopes a forthcoming memorandum detailing their mental state and the backdrop of the war in Gaza will provide context about the crimes linked to Goonan, an activist with a doctorate in African American studies.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Dr. Goonan’s other attorney and I are going to put together a robust sentencing memorandum contextualizing Dr. Goonan’s acts within the ongoing genocide in Gaza, the impact on Dr. Goonan that that had, the mental health struggles that Dr. Goonan had around the time and right before leading up to the arsons,” he said. “We are hoping for a fair sentence from Judge White.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>The person accused of firebombing a \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/news/tag/uc-berkeley\">UC Berkeley\u003c/a> police vehicle pleaded guilty to setting the blaze and took responsibility for four other acts of arson in the East Bay last June as part of the plea deal.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Casey Robert Goonan, 34, pleaded guilty Tuesday to one federal count of arson for the June 1 firebombing after previously \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/news/11997528/uc-berkeley-firebombing-suspect-pleads-not-guilty-in-federal-court\">pleading not guilty\u003c/a> in July. They were originally \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/news/11993676/suspect-in-firebombing-of-uc-berkeley-police-vehicle-could-face-20-years-in-prison\">indicted by a federal grand jury\u003c/a> on two arson charges and a third for possession of an unregistered firearm.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The deal was initially \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/news/12016602/uc-berkeley-firebombing-suspect-reaches-plea-deal-federal-arson-charge\">reached last month\u003c/a> when Goonan agreed to plead guilty to damaging property used in or affecting interstate commerce by fire in exchange for dropping the other two charges. Goonan officially changed their plea in Tuesday’s hearing.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>They took responsibility for setting a university police vehicle on fire by lighting Molotov cocktails under it and starting three other blazes on the campus as protests over the war in Gaza took hold of UC Berkeley and colleges throughout the country last June. Goonan also claimed responsibility for attempting to set fire to the Ronald V. Dellums Federal Building and U.S. Courthouse in downtown Oakland.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>According to the Department of Justice, Goonan planned to throw three Molotov cocktails into the Oakland federal building but, after being seen by law enforcement officials, set fire to the explosives in a planter outside the building instead.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Goonan’s attorney, Jeff Wozniak, said that between now and the sentencing, he plans to introduce information about Goonan’s mental state leading up to the arsons.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Casey has long been an activist, long cared about Palestinian liberation and been very vocal against the ongoing genocide,” Wozniak told KQED. “This is not the type of action that Casey was involved in before, and so we’re going to provide more information, more context about Casey’s mental health struggles and specifically what was going on before these acts happened.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The three other fires at the campus were set near the C.V. Starr East Asian Library on June 1, outside Koshland Hall on June 13, and at a construction site near Dwinelle Annex on June 16.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>At the time, unidentified pro-Palestinian activists claimed responsibility for the firebombing and the three other arsons on campus.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>A post published anonymously on Indybay.com under the name “marilyn’s daughters” said they set the fire at the construction site near Dwinelle Annex as part of a weeklong effort “in retaliation for [University of California police]’s violent assaults on vulnerable student demonstrators,” citing incidents at UCLA and UC Santa Cruz.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Goonan is being held without bail at Santa Rita Jail until their sentencing on April 8. They could face up to 20 years in federal prison.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Wozniak said Wednesday that he hopes a forthcoming memorandum detailing their mental state and the backdrop of the war in Gaza will provide context about the crimes linked to Goonan, an activist with a doctorate in African American studies.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Dr. Goonan’s other attorney and I are going to put together a robust sentencing memorandum contextualizing Dr. Goonan’s acts within the ongoing genocide in Gaza, the impact on Dr. Goonan that that had, the mental health struggles that Dr. Goonan had around the time and right before leading up to the arsons,” he said. “We are hoping for a fair sentence from Judge White.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>",
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"title": "West Contra Costa Unified Struggles to Stay Solvent Amid Looming Threat of State Takeover",
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"content": "\u003cp>West Contra Costa Unified School District is on the cusp of a new and uncertain era following the retirement of its superintendent, Chris Hurst, who \u003ca class=\"external\" href=\"https://www.kqed.org/news/12007378/west-contra-costa-school-district-to-appoint-interim-leader-after-superintendent-announces-retirement\">stepped down in December\u003c/a> after just over three years on the job.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Whoever is chosen to permanently replace him will face a daunting set of concerns, including ensuring that the district is not placed under state control. For now, that job is in the hands of interim Superintendent Kim Moses, who, until December, was the district’s associate superintendent for business services.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>With an enrollment of just under 30,000 students, more than half from lower-income families, the district comprises 54 schools in El Cerrito, Richmond and other East Bay communities in the San Francisco Bay Area.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Chief among the issues the district faces are declining enrollment, persistent budget deficits, a sluggish improvement in post-COVID test scores, teacher shortages, and meeting the multiple needs of a diverse and largely lower-income student body, along with a sometimes-contentious school board not always in alignment with its superintendent.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>To a greater or lesser extent, these are problems facing many urban districts across California, including some larger neighbors around the Bay Area.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>San Francisco Unified also got a new superintendent last month and is grappling with \u003ca href=\"https://edsource.org/2024/san-francisco-schools-must-avoid-state-takeover-at-all-costs-education-veteran-warns/720851\">severe budget deficits\u003c/a> and intense pressure to close schools.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>While Oakland Unified’s superintendent, Kyla Johnson-Trammell, is still in her job after seven years, surviving a teacher strike, the pandemic, and other travails, the district is dealing with similar \u003ca class=\"external\" href=\"https://abc7news.com/post/ousd-budget-deficit-oakland-unified-schools/15438418/\">profound challenges\u003c/a>. Both San Francisco and Oakland also face the prospect \u003ca class=\"external\" href=\"https://oaklandside.org/2024/12/12/oakland-school-board-mergers-vote-budget/\">of a state takeover\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Last Wednesday, at West Contra Costa’s first board meeting of 2025, Moses issued a blunt warning about the need to make further budget cuts to avoid insolvency.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>After making $19 million in cuts during the current year, the district still has a “significant structural deficit,” she said, and warned that under current scenarios, its budget reserves “will be exhausted within three years.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Without further reductions in the next two school years, the district would be “placed under (state) receivership, which means we’ll no longer be in charge of making financial decisions for our district,” she said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In 1991, the district had the unfortunate distinction of being the \u003ca class=\"external\" href=\"https://www.sfgate.com/bayarea/article/west-contra-costa-school-district-pays-off-debt-3603036.php\">first in the state\u003c/a> to go insolvent. To rescue it, the district received a $29 million bailout loan, which took 21 years to pay off. Now, it is trying to head off a similar fate.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In December, the West Contra Costa school board passed a budget that members said met the standard to receive a “positive certification,” which, under state regulations, means it would not spend its entire reserve over the next three years.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>However, the county office of education has refused to approve that certification without the district providing a multiyear deficit-reduction plan. That is what Moses \u003ca class=\"external\" href=\"https://simbli.eboardsolutions.com/SB_Meetings/ViewMeeting.aspx?S=36030499&MID=35548&Tab=Agenda&enIID=RHWWplusB2gtQOQVppslshZ6fPAw%3D%3D\">presented to the board \u003c/a>on Wednesday night, involving cuts of $7 million next year and an additional $6 million the following year.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Declining enrollment — by 8% over the past four years alone — is perhaps West Contra Costa’s primary concern, according to Michael Fine, CEO of California’s \u003ca class=\"external\" href=\"https://www.fcmat.org/\">Fiscal Crisis and Management Assistance Team\u003c/a>, an agency created by the state to help districts resolve financial and management problems.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Fine largely attributes the decline — which is mirrored in many other districts and the \u003ca class=\"external\" href=\"https://www.the74million.org/article/california-lost-420k-public-school-kids-in-4-years-may-drop-1m-more-by-2031/\">state as a whole\u003c/a> — to lower birth rates.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“It’s a long-term problem” for schools, he said. “Right now, schools are feeling it most in kindergarten and elementary school. In 10 years, it will be middle school, then high school.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The problem translates directly into money. In California, schools have a variety of sources of funds, but they are primarily based on “average daily attendance,” that is, the number of kids in the classroom each day. In 2022-23, the district received \u003ca class=\"external\" href=\"https://ed-data.org/ShareData/Html/120187\">nearly $24,000\u003c/a> per student from various sources, most of it from the state based on actual attendance, according to Ed-Data.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>As enrollment declines — either through lower birth rates or families leaving the expensive Bay Area — so, too, does the district’s revenues. Another factor reducing income is the end of the federal government’s Elementary and Secondary School Emergency Relief fund, designed to help with COVID-19 recovery. The fund brought the district some $53 million by 2023.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>All of which has had an effect on West Contra Costa Unified’s budget.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>One approach the district is examining to reduce its deficit is so-called “purpose-based budgeting.” The method, designed to more tightly control expenses, is to evaluate how well specific funds match the district’s priorities.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But that may not be enough.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Look, I understand. No one joins a school board to lay off people,” Fine said. “But your revenue is going away, and they’re overstaffed compared to their enrollment.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>However, Francisco Ortiz, president of United Teachers of Richmond, the union representing teachers, said there are already too many unfilled positions in West Contra Costa, and the district cannot afford to save more by further reducing staff.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“In secondary schools alone, we have 27 vacant FTEs — full-time equivalent (positions),” he said. “And in elementary, it’s 30.8 vacancies and 22 in special ed. The majority of these folks are teachers, some counselors, in elementary, but the majority are classroom teachers.” Most schools, he said, have to use substitutes on a daily basis.[aside label=\"Related Stories\" postID=\"news_12007378,news_11996607,news_11806638\"]At the board meeting this week, interim Superintendent Moses argued that increasing student attendance and enrollment is the only realistic way to reduce the district’s deficits without making further cuts. For every 1% increase in attendance, the district would generate $2.75 million in additional state funding. To that end, the district is launching what it calls its “Why We Show Up” campaign. “It’s really cut and dried,” Moses said. “We only get revenue based upon the number of children we have in a seat.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>At last week’s board meeting, many parents and teachers expressed concerns that there would be cuts in district offerings like its International Baccalaureate and bilingual and dual immersion programs.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But Moses tried to reassure the school community that no programs would be cut. A big chunk of reductions she is proposing would come from central office reductions, moving teachers out of classrooms with small numbers of students, and so on.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Part of the problem, union leader Ortiz said, is that the district has done a poor job of budgeting for how many teachers it will need each year. As for covering the district’s deficit — to pay for more teachers — he said the district should draw further on its reserve. “The reserve is for a rainy day, and right now, it’s flooding. Our most vulnerable students are the ones receiving the blunt end of this. Cutting classroom teachers is not the answer.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>However, FCMAT’s Fine argues that it has to be part of the equation. “Lots of school boards say cut as far away from the classroom as you can, but when you have declining enrollment, you cut at the classroom level. But it’s really tough. It’s difficult as heck. It is horrendous.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Fine argues that the issue of teacher vacancies is a nuanced one and that there may be possible solutions. There may, for example, may be too many English teachers and not enough math teachers or too many PE teachers and not enough special education teachers. He suggests that districts consider offering programs to re-credential teachers, even though this is not a short-term strategy.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“The solution doesn’t work for everyone, but why don’t we pay, say, English teachers, to get credentialed to teach the sixth grade? Or invest in someone to get a special ed credential?”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Before his departure, outgoing superintendent Hurst outlined several of the district’s recent accomplishments in his \u003ca class=\"external\" href=\"https://www.wccusd.net/cms/lib/CA01001466/Centricity/Domain/77/State%20of%20Our%20District_Presentation_9_30.pdf\">State of Our District (PDF)\u003c/a> report — a reminder that putting all the attention on finances can obscure progress in other areas.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Among those is the return to 100% in-person learning in the district after the pandemic. Another is “improved staff recruitment, development and retention,” with teacher vacancies declining from 143 two years ago to 64 in the current school year.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Test scores have also improved somewhat in the district, according to \u003ca class=\"external\" href=\"https://caaspp.edsource.org/sbac/west-contra-costa-unified-07617960000000\">results of the Smarter Balanced assessments\u003c/a> students took last spring, though they still lag statewide averages and, like almost all districts in the state, are not yet up to pre-pandemic levels.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The board recently hired David Hart as chief business manager, at least through the remainder of the school year. He’s the highly regarded former chief financial officer of the massive Los Angeles Unified, a district 20 times the size of West Contra Costa. Fine is hopeful Hart’s experience with a vastly more complex district will accelerate the district’s path to recovery.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“They are hiring a very skilled interim CBO,” he said. “I hope they listen to him.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>Louis Freedberg contributed to this report, \u003ca href=\"https://edsource.org/2025/west-contra-costa-unified-struggles-to-stay-solvent-avoid-state-takeover/725039\">which originally appeared in EdSource.\u003c/a>\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad floatright]\u003c/p>\n",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>West Contra Costa Unified School District is on the cusp of a new and uncertain era following the retirement of its superintendent, Chris Hurst, who \u003ca class=\"external\" href=\"https://www.kqed.org/news/12007378/west-contra-costa-school-district-to-appoint-interim-leader-after-superintendent-announces-retirement\">stepped down in December\u003c/a> after just over three years on the job.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Whoever is chosen to permanently replace him will face a daunting set of concerns, including ensuring that the district is not placed under state control. For now, that job is in the hands of interim Superintendent Kim Moses, who, until December, was the district’s associate superintendent for business services.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>With an enrollment of just under 30,000 students, more than half from lower-income families, the district comprises 54 schools in El Cerrito, Richmond and other East Bay communities in the San Francisco Bay Area.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Chief among the issues the district faces are declining enrollment, persistent budget deficits, a sluggish improvement in post-COVID test scores, teacher shortages, and meeting the multiple needs of a diverse and largely lower-income student body, along with a sometimes-contentious school board not always in alignment with its superintendent.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>To a greater or lesser extent, these are problems facing many urban districts across California, including some larger neighbors around the Bay Area.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>San Francisco Unified also got a new superintendent last month and is grappling with \u003ca href=\"https://edsource.org/2024/san-francisco-schools-must-avoid-state-takeover-at-all-costs-education-veteran-warns/720851\">severe budget deficits\u003c/a> and intense pressure to close schools.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>While Oakland Unified’s superintendent, Kyla Johnson-Trammell, is still in her job after seven years, surviving a teacher strike, the pandemic, and other travails, the district is dealing with similar \u003ca class=\"external\" href=\"https://abc7news.com/post/ousd-budget-deficit-oakland-unified-schools/15438418/\">profound challenges\u003c/a>. Both San Francisco and Oakland also face the prospect \u003ca class=\"external\" href=\"https://oaklandside.org/2024/12/12/oakland-school-board-mergers-vote-budget/\">of a state takeover\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Last Wednesday, at West Contra Costa’s first board meeting of 2025, Moses issued a blunt warning about the need to make further budget cuts to avoid insolvency.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>After making $19 million in cuts during the current year, the district still has a “significant structural deficit,” she said, and warned that under current scenarios, its budget reserves “will be exhausted within three years.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Without further reductions in the next two school years, the district would be “placed under (state) receivership, which means we’ll no longer be in charge of making financial decisions for our district,” she said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In 1991, the district had the unfortunate distinction of being the \u003ca class=\"external\" href=\"https://www.sfgate.com/bayarea/article/west-contra-costa-school-district-pays-off-debt-3603036.php\">first in the state\u003c/a> to go insolvent. To rescue it, the district received a $29 million bailout loan, which took 21 years to pay off. Now, it is trying to head off a similar fate.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In December, the West Contra Costa school board passed a budget that members said met the standard to receive a “positive certification,” which, under state regulations, means it would not spend its entire reserve over the next three years.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>However, the county office of education has refused to approve that certification without the district providing a multiyear deficit-reduction plan. That is what Moses \u003ca class=\"external\" href=\"https://simbli.eboardsolutions.com/SB_Meetings/ViewMeeting.aspx?S=36030499&MID=35548&Tab=Agenda&enIID=RHWWplusB2gtQOQVppslshZ6fPAw%3D%3D\">presented to the board \u003c/a>on Wednesday night, involving cuts of $7 million next year and an additional $6 million the following year.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Declining enrollment — by 8% over the past four years alone — is perhaps West Contra Costa’s primary concern, according to Michael Fine, CEO of California’s \u003ca class=\"external\" href=\"https://www.fcmat.org/\">Fiscal Crisis and Management Assistance Team\u003c/a>, an agency created by the state to help districts resolve financial and management problems.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Fine largely attributes the decline — which is mirrored in many other districts and the \u003ca class=\"external\" href=\"https://www.the74million.org/article/california-lost-420k-public-school-kids-in-4-years-may-drop-1m-more-by-2031/\">state as a whole\u003c/a> — to lower birth rates.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“It’s a long-term problem” for schools, he said. “Right now, schools are feeling it most in kindergarten and elementary school. In 10 years, it will be middle school, then high school.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The problem translates directly into money. In California, schools have a variety of sources of funds, but they are primarily based on “average daily attendance,” that is, the number of kids in the classroom each day. In 2022-23, the district received \u003ca class=\"external\" href=\"https://ed-data.org/ShareData/Html/120187\">nearly $24,000\u003c/a> per student from various sources, most of it from the state based on actual attendance, according to Ed-Data.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>As enrollment declines — either through lower birth rates or families leaving the expensive Bay Area — so, too, does the district’s revenues. Another factor reducing income is the end of the federal government’s Elementary and Secondary School Emergency Relief fund, designed to help with COVID-19 recovery. The fund brought the district some $53 million by 2023.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>All of which has had an effect on West Contra Costa Unified’s budget.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>One approach the district is examining to reduce its deficit is so-called “purpose-based budgeting.” The method, designed to more tightly control expenses, is to evaluate how well specific funds match the district’s priorities.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But that may not be enough.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Look, I understand. No one joins a school board to lay off people,” Fine said. “But your revenue is going away, and they’re overstaffed compared to their enrollment.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>However, Francisco Ortiz, president of United Teachers of Richmond, the union representing teachers, said there are already too many unfilled positions in West Contra Costa, and the district cannot afford to save more by further reducing staff.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“In secondary schools alone, we have 27 vacant FTEs — full-time equivalent (positions),” he said. “And in elementary, it’s 30.8 vacancies and 22 in special ed. The majority of these folks are teachers, some counselors, in elementary, but the majority are classroom teachers.” Most schools, he said, have to use substitutes on a daily basis.\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>At the board meeting this week, interim Superintendent Moses argued that increasing student attendance and enrollment is the only realistic way to reduce the district’s deficits without making further cuts. For every 1% increase in attendance, the district would generate $2.75 million in additional state funding. To that end, the district is launching what it calls its “Why We Show Up” campaign. “It’s really cut and dried,” Moses said. “We only get revenue based upon the number of children we have in a seat.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>At last week’s board meeting, many parents and teachers expressed concerns that there would be cuts in district offerings like its International Baccalaureate and bilingual and dual immersion programs.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But Moses tried to reassure the school community that no programs would be cut. A big chunk of reductions she is proposing would come from central office reductions, moving teachers out of classrooms with small numbers of students, and so on.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Part of the problem, union leader Ortiz said, is that the district has done a poor job of budgeting for how many teachers it will need each year. As for covering the district’s deficit — to pay for more teachers — he said the district should draw further on its reserve. “The reserve is for a rainy day, and right now, it’s flooding. Our most vulnerable students are the ones receiving the blunt end of this. Cutting classroom teachers is not the answer.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>However, FCMAT’s Fine argues that it has to be part of the equation. “Lots of school boards say cut as far away from the classroom as you can, but when you have declining enrollment, you cut at the classroom level. But it’s really tough. It’s difficult as heck. It is horrendous.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Fine argues that the issue of teacher vacancies is a nuanced one and that there may be possible solutions. There may, for example, may be too many English teachers and not enough math teachers or too many PE teachers and not enough special education teachers. He suggests that districts consider offering programs to re-credential teachers, even though this is not a short-term strategy.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“The solution doesn’t work for everyone, but why don’t we pay, say, English teachers, to get credentialed to teach the sixth grade? Or invest in someone to get a special ed credential?”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Before his departure, outgoing superintendent Hurst outlined several of the district’s recent accomplishments in his \u003ca class=\"external\" href=\"https://www.wccusd.net/cms/lib/CA01001466/Centricity/Domain/77/State%20of%20Our%20District_Presentation_9_30.pdf\">State of Our District (PDF)\u003c/a> report — a reminder that putting all the attention on finances can obscure progress in other areas.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Among those is the return to 100% in-person learning in the district after the pandemic. Another is “improved staff recruitment, development and retention,” with teacher vacancies declining from 143 two years ago to 64 in the current school year.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Test scores have also improved somewhat in the district, according to \u003ca class=\"external\" href=\"https://caaspp.edsource.org/sbac/west-contra-costa-unified-07617960000000\">results of the Smarter Balanced assessments\u003c/a> students took last spring, though they still lag statewide averages and, like almost all districts in the state, are not yet up to pre-pandemic levels.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The board recently hired David Hart as chief business manager, at least through the remainder of the school year. He’s the highly regarded former chief financial officer of the massive Los Angeles Unified, a district 20 times the size of West Contra Costa. Fine is hopeful Hart’s experience with a vastly more complex district will accelerate the district’s path to recovery.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“They are hiring a very skilled interim CBO,” he said. “I hope they listen to him.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>Louis Freedberg contributed to this report, \u003ca href=\"https://edsource.org/2025/west-contra-costa-unified-struggles-to-stay-solvent-avoid-state-takeover/725039\">which originally appeared in EdSource.\u003c/a>\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/news/tag/santa-rosa\">Santa Rosa\u003c/a> City Schools held the first in a series of town halls on Monday night to discuss proposals to close or merge several schools as the district faces declining student enrollment and up to $30 million in budget deficits in the next two years.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>School district officials suggest closing three elementary schools, a middle school and a high school to save $11 million annually.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>An advisory committee made up of district staff, teachers, parents and community members is deciding which schools they will recommend to close and where students in the affected schools will go. A district spokesman said all schools are being considered.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Meanwhile, the committee has\u003ca href=\"https://docs.google.com/presentation/d/1d1q6-iBTIugWLx-mwNOpKSSmDk2RorTHU5er82pEbkU/view#slide=id.g32603b5876c_2_0\"> laid out several scenarios for consolidating schools\u003c/a>. At the town halls, the committee is asking people to weigh the pros and cons of each alternative, such as putting all transitional kindergarten through 8th-grade students in one school or putting TK to 3rd-grade students in one school and 4th to 8th-grade students in another. Another possibility is to combine 7th to 12th-grade students onto one campus.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“There’s all kinds of different ways to look at [consolidation],” said Lisa August, the district’s chief business officer. “It’s always looking at: how can we reinvigorate and reimagine, not just ‘what are we taking away?”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[aside postID=news_11986750 hero='https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/05/20240514_OAKGROVEUNIONDISTRICTPARENTS-3-KQED-1020x680.jpg']\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"https://calmatters.org/education/k-12-education/2024/03/funding-for-schools/\">Like many school districts across the state\u003c/a>, Santa Rosa City Schools must consider austerity measures as millions of dollars in federal COVID-19 relief funds run out. In addition to school closure or consolidation, the district\u003ca href=\"https://www.pressdemocrat.com/article/news/school-closures-cuts-santa-rosa-sonoma/?artslide=2\"> proposes cutting staff and streamlining special education services\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>At the same time, the district is facing declining enrollment. A little more than 15,300 students were enrolled in the school district in the 2013–14 school year, according to district data. A decade later, that number dropped to 12,860.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“We’ve operated in the same way for a number of years, as have most schools,” August said. “But we have a declining population of school-aged children, not just a declining enrollment here at our schools. And so we have to do things differently to meet the students in our community where they’re at.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The advisory committee will gather input from the town halls, and will send their recommendation to the superintendent and school board, which is expected to make a final decision on Feb. 19.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/news/tag/santa-rosa\">Santa Rosa\u003c/a> City Schools held the first in a series of town halls on Monday night to discuss proposals to close or merge several schools as the district faces declining student enrollment and up to $30 million in budget deficits in the next two years.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>School district officials suggest closing three elementary schools, a middle school and a high school to save $11 million annually.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>An advisory committee made up of district staff, teachers, parents and community members is deciding which schools they will recommend to close and where students in the affected schools will go. A district spokesman said all schools are being considered.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Meanwhile, the committee has\u003ca href=\"https://docs.google.com/presentation/d/1d1q6-iBTIugWLx-mwNOpKSSmDk2RorTHU5er82pEbkU/view#slide=id.g32603b5876c_2_0\"> laid out several scenarios for consolidating schools\u003c/a>. At the town halls, the committee is asking people to weigh the pros and cons of each alternative, such as putting all transitional kindergarten through 8th-grade students in one school or putting TK to 3rd-grade students in one school and 4th to 8th-grade students in another. Another possibility is to combine 7th to 12th-grade students onto one campus.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“There’s all kinds of different ways to look at [consolidation],” said Lisa August, the district’s chief business officer. “It’s always looking at: how can we reinvigorate and reimagine, not just ‘what are we taking away?”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"https://calmatters.org/education/k-12-education/2024/03/funding-for-schools/\">Like many school districts across the state\u003c/a>, Santa Rosa City Schools must consider austerity measures as millions of dollars in federal COVID-19 relief funds run out. In addition to school closure or consolidation, the district\u003ca href=\"https://www.pressdemocrat.com/article/news/school-closures-cuts-santa-rosa-sonoma/?artslide=2\"> proposes cutting staff and streamlining special education services\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>At the same time, the district is facing declining enrollment. A little more than 15,300 students were enrolled in the school district in the 2013–14 school year, according to district data. A decade later, that number dropped to 12,860.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“We’ve operated in the same way for a number of years, as have most schools,” August said. “But we have a declining population of school-aged children, not just a declining enrollment here at our schools. And so we have to do things differently to meet the students in our community where they’re at.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The advisory committee will gather input from the town halls, and will send their recommendation to the superintendent and school board, which is expected to make a final decision on Feb. 19.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>",
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"slug": "california-has-more-money-than-expected-heres-how-gov-newsom-wants-to-spend-it",
"title": "California Has More Money Than Expected. Here's How Gov. Newsom Wants to Spend It",
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"content": "\u003cp>No deficits. A “modest” surplus of $363 million. Almost $17 billion more in revenue than planned.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Gov. \u003ca href=\"https://dof.ca.gov/wp-content/uploads/sites/352/2023/03/CHART-B.pdf\">Gavin Newsom\u003c/a>’s office laid out its vision today for how California should spend its considerable bounty, a total budget of $322 billion — projected to be the \u003ca href=\"https://dof.ca.gov/wp-content/uploads/sites/352/2023/03/CHART-B.pdf\">second largest\u003c/a> state spending plan ever.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>It released the proposal — on the date required by law — at a moment of deep uncertainty with devastating fires continuing to burn in Los Angeles County and President-elect Donald Trump preparing to take office this month. Those developments could require significant changes to Newsom’s plan before he finalizes the state budget in late June.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The economic impact of the ongoing Los Angeles-area fires alone is estimated to be at least $135 billion. That’s based on damage caused to homes, cars, businesses and lost economic activity, said Dan DePodwin, senior director of forecasting operations at AccuWeather. A spokesperson for the Governor’s Office of Emergency Services said it’s too soon to calculate the cost of the fires to the state.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"https://calmatters.org/environment/wildfires/2025/01/california-fires-donald-trump-money/\">Trump, meanwhile, has repeatedly threatened\u003c/a> to withhold federal disaster aid from California, which is facing \u003ca href=\"https://calmatters.org/explainers/california-wildfire-season-worsening-explained/\">one of its most destructive wildfires this week\u003c/a>. While outgoing President Joe Biden has approved Newsom’s request for a major disaster declaration — allowing the state to tap into \u003ca href=\"https://www.gov.ca.gov/2025/01/08/governor-newsom-quickly-secures-major-disaster-declaration-from-president-biden-for-los-angeles-fires/\">federal funding and assistance programs\u003c/a> — the state could still need more federal disaster funding under Trump’s administration.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“The bottom could completely fall out,” Newsom said in a preview of his budget proposal earlier this week.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Nonetheless, the fiscal outlook is far rosier than the pall that hung over California last year when lawmakers and the governor scrambled to plug a more than $46 billion budget hole. \u003ca href=\"https://calmatters.org/politics/capitol/2024/06/california-budget-deal-4/\">In June\u003c/a>, they struck a deal to cut $16 billion in spending, delay another $3 billion in funding for various services and draw a total $12 billion from the state’s rainy day fund for two fiscal years.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Now, the administration projects the state budget’s main tranche of cash, the general fund, will rise to $229 billion in 2025-26. That’s about \u003ca href=\"https://ebudget.ca.gov/reference/MultiYearProjection.pdf\">$10 billion more\u003c/a> than what his office and lawmakers predicted last June and roughly $17 billion more than what’s in this year’s budget.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But Newsom’s also sticking to last year’s deal with the Legislature to \u003ca href=\"https://ebudget.ca.gov/2024-25/pdf/Enacted/BudgetSummary/Introduction.pdf#page=2\">pull $7.1 billion\u003c/a> from the state’s main reserve account — even though his office projected on Monday that revenues are up by $16.5 billion more than planned across a three-year budget window.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Sen. \u003ca href=\"https://calmatters.digitaldemocracy.org/legislators/roger-niello-165442\">Roger Niello\u003c/a>, a Republican representing Roseville, criticized Newsom’s plan to continue drawing from reserves.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“We’re talking about increased revenues and a relatively strong economy, and yet we have to pull from reserves, which doesn’t make sense to a lot of people,” said Niello, the top Republican on the Senate budget committee. “And it also kind of doesn’t make sense that you’re talking about actually having a surplus when you had to pull from the reserves to create that surplus.”\u003c/p>\n\u003ch2>New homeless agency, free diapers\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>Those conditions allowed Newsom to make several new proposals, including creating a state agency to better coordinate homelessness and housing policies. The administration did not propose new spending on homelessness, and it did not release details on how it would reorganize existing departments under the agency Newsom envisions.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Finance Director Joe Stepenshaw said the spending plan proposes just $1.2 billion in new funding. “There is very limited new commitments in this budget,” he said.\u003c/p>\n\u003ch2>Most state revenue comes from personal income tax\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>The personal income Californians pay accounts for about 60% of money that goes toward the state’s general fund. Corporate taxes as well as sales and use taxes make up another third. \u003cem>General fund revenue by source for the past three budget years\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c!-- iframe plugin v.4.3 wordpress.org/plugins/iframe/ -->\u003cbr>\n\u003ciframe loading=\"lazy\" src=\"https://datawrapper.dwcdn.net/Owxvx/4/\" width=\"800\" height=\"500\" scrolling=\"yes\" class=\"iframe-class\" frameborder=\"0\">\u003c/iframe>\u003cbr>\n In a small item that could make a meaningful difference to new parents, Newsom wants to spend $7.4 million to provide a three month supply of diapers for newborns. He also seeks to \u003ca href=\"https://ebudget.ca.gov/2025-26/pdf/BudgetSummary/TK-12Education.pdf#page=7\">add $40 million in funds\u003c/a> for schools to screen students for reading difficulties, including dyslexia.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Newsom also wants to add 700 firefighters next fiscal year, bringing the total number of firefighters almost 10,000. \u003ca href=\"https://eservices.calhr.ca.gov/enterprisehrblazorpublic/public/api/MOU/GetPublicDocumentContentByID?DocumentIdentifier=8926a1bc-88b3-40e9-9585-fa00c065083f\">Cal Fire had about 5,800 firefighters\u003c/a> just seven years ago. The state has been increasing their headcount because of the growing intensity of California wildfires to accommodate contract changes that are meant to \u003ca href=\"https://calmatters.org/environment/wildfires/2022/12/cal-fire-labor-contract/\">give firefighters better schedules\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>And, voters gave Newsom more flexibility last year when they approved three substantial bonds, which allow the state to borrow money and repay it over time.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>As a result, the budget includes $2.7 billion in \u003ca href=\"https://calmatters.org/politics/elections/2024/11/california-election-news-proposition-4-environment/\">new climate spending\u003c/a> stemming from Proposition 4; $8.5 billion for \u003ca href=\"https://calmatters.org/education/k-12-education/2024/11/california-election-result-prop-2/\">school facilities\u003c/a> thanks to Proposition 2; and $6.4 billion for \u003ca href=\"https://calmatters.org/health/mental-health/2024/05/mental-health-housing-proposition-1/\">mental health housing\u003c/a> from Proposition 1.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11971855\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 2560px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-full wp-image-11971855\" src=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/01/230726-SAN-QUENTIN-MHN-24-scaled.jpg\" alt=\"A prison guard in uniform stands in front of a gate with a building in the background.\" width=\"2560\" height=\"1707\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/01/230726-SAN-QUENTIN-MHN-24-scaled.jpg 2560w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/01/230726-SAN-QUENTIN-MHN-24-800x533.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/01/230726-SAN-QUENTIN-MHN-24-1020x680.jpg 1020w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/01/230726-SAN-QUENTIN-MHN-24-160x107.jpg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/01/230726-SAN-QUENTIN-MHN-24-1536x1024.jpg 1536w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/01/230726-SAN-QUENTIN-MHN-24-2048x1365.jpg 2048w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/01/230726-SAN-QUENTIN-MHN-24-1920x1280.jpg 1920w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 2560px) 100vw, 2560px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">The entry gate at San Quentin State Prison on July 26, 2023. \u003ccite>(Martin do Nascimento/KQED)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003ch2>Lower spending on prisons, tight budgets for UC and Cal State\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>Still, the balanced budget rests on proceeding with cuts to many state programs that Newsom and the Legislature agreed to last June, including a 7.95% cut in operational budget to nearly all state agencies.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Newsom said earlier this week that his administration has been tightening spending, including by eliminating 6,500 vacant positions. By eliminating those positions, the state saves $1.2 billion, Newsom said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The administration also projects lower spending in state prisons even though it expects California’s incarcerated population to increase in the short term because of the sentencing changes voters approved when \u003ca href=\"https://calmatters.org/justice/2024/11/retail-theft-proposition-36-election/\">they passed Proposition 36\u003c/a> in November. Newsom’s budget would cut corrections spending by $400 million, bringing it down to $13.6 billion.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Most of the cuts took hold last summer, but Newsom is going forward with slashing state support to the University of California and California State University by nearly 8% in 2025–26 — a combined hit of $772 million.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Larger class sizes, fewer course offerings and a reduced workforce will hinder students’ ability to graduate on time,” said Cal State’s chancellor, Mildred Garcia, in a statement.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>For UC, the cuts and delays mean that the system will end up with $400 million more in state support in 2027–28 than it got in 2023–24. Ongoing increases to tuition also will bring in more money. But, with growing labor and academic costs to teach its students of roughly half a billion dollars annually, the UC told CalMatters that it expects to see a revenue shortfall of more than $700 million in 2027–28.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[aside tag='education' label='More Education Coverage']\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“I am disappointed reductions have been proposed in both the University of California and California State University budgets. We will explore ways to restore these cuts, particularly to the CSUs,” said John Sen. Laird, the Santa Cruz Democrat who is the chairperson the budget committee that oversees education spending.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Student financial aid remains mostly untouched in the budget plan. The state’s flagship tuition waiver program, the Cal Grant, remains unscathed — a $2.6 billion behemoth benefiting more than 400,000 students.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Public K–12 education and community colleges would be fully funded under Newsom’s proposal. Newsom intends to proceed with fully funding the state’s \u003ca href=\"https://calmatters.org/education/k-12-education/2024/07/transitional-kindergarten/\">expanded early education programming\u003c/a>, transitional kindergarten, to all eligible 4-year-olds. His budget would mean the \u003ca href=\"https://ebudget.ca.gov/2025-26/pdf/BudgetSummary/TK-12Education.pdf#page=4\">second largest amount of state support\u003c/a> for K–12 and community colleges. About half of the state’s general fund \u003ca href=\"https://ebudget.ca.gov/budget/2025-26/#/BudgetDetail\">supports education\u003c/a>, and most of that flows to public K–12.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The proposed budget includes \u003ca href=\"https://ebudget.ca.gov/2025-26/pdf/BudgetSummary/HigherEducation.pdf#page=3\">$100 million in new money\u003c/a> to help community colleges provide students with course credit for prior work experience. The end goal in \u003ca href=\"https://calmatters.org/education/higher-education/2024/12/job-training/\">his master plan for career education\u003c/a> is to overhaul the state’s \u003ca href=\"https://calmatters.org/economy/2024/09/trade-schools-job-training-california/\">convoluted job training programs\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003ch2>Asking voters to put more money in reserves\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>Newsom’s budget proposal includes $17 billion in reserves. But, he cautioned, the state may decide to set aside more money because of the economic uncertainty his administration anticipates from Trump’s trade and immigration policies.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>That’s partly why his office wants to raise the cap on how much money the state can deposit to its rainy day fund. As a \u003ca href=\"https://www.sacbee.com/news/politics-government/article5369607.html\">result of Proposition 2\u003c/a> — a ballot measure approved by voters in 2014 — the state is required to make deposits until the balance reaches 10% of the state’s general fund tax revenue.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>During the budget presentation, Stephenshaw said Newsom wants to up the limit to 20%. That change would require voters to pass a ballot measure allowing it.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad floatright]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“This will enable us to save a lot more during the upswings and be able to provide a more stable management of our funds going forward to protect the programs and services that the Californians rely upon,” Stephenshaw said.\u003c/p>\n\n",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>No deficits. A “modest” surplus of $363 million. Almost $17 billion more in revenue than planned.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Gov. \u003ca href=\"https://dof.ca.gov/wp-content/uploads/sites/352/2023/03/CHART-B.pdf\">Gavin Newsom\u003c/a>’s office laid out its vision today for how California should spend its considerable bounty, a total budget of $322 billion — projected to be the \u003ca href=\"https://dof.ca.gov/wp-content/uploads/sites/352/2023/03/CHART-B.pdf\">second largest\u003c/a> state spending plan ever.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>It released the proposal — on the date required by law — at a moment of deep uncertainty with devastating fires continuing to burn in Los Angeles County and President-elect Donald Trump preparing to take office this month. Those developments could require significant changes to Newsom’s plan before he finalizes the state budget in late June.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The economic impact of the ongoing Los Angeles-area fires alone is estimated to be at least $135 billion. That’s based on damage caused to homes, cars, businesses and lost economic activity, said Dan DePodwin, senior director of forecasting operations at AccuWeather. A spokesperson for the Governor’s Office of Emergency Services said it’s too soon to calculate the cost of the fires to the state.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"https://calmatters.org/environment/wildfires/2025/01/california-fires-donald-trump-money/\">Trump, meanwhile, has repeatedly threatened\u003c/a> to withhold federal disaster aid from California, which is facing \u003ca href=\"https://calmatters.org/explainers/california-wildfire-season-worsening-explained/\">one of its most destructive wildfires this week\u003c/a>. While outgoing President Joe Biden has approved Newsom’s request for a major disaster declaration — allowing the state to tap into \u003ca href=\"https://www.gov.ca.gov/2025/01/08/governor-newsom-quickly-secures-major-disaster-declaration-from-president-biden-for-los-angeles-fires/\">federal funding and assistance programs\u003c/a> — the state could still need more federal disaster funding under Trump’s administration.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“The bottom could completely fall out,” Newsom said in a preview of his budget proposal earlier this week.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Nonetheless, the fiscal outlook is far rosier than the pall that hung over California last year when lawmakers and the governor scrambled to plug a more than $46 billion budget hole. \u003ca href=\"https://calmatters.org/politics/capitol/2024/06/california-budget-deal-4/\">In June\u003c/a>, they struck a deal to cut $16 billion in spending, delay another $3 billion in funding for various services and draw a total $12 billion from the state’s rainy day fund for two fiscal years.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Now, the administration projects the state budget’s main tranche of cash, the general fund, will rise to $229 billion in 2025-26. That’s about \u003ca href=\"https://ebudget.ca.gov/reference/MultiYearProjection.pdf\">$10 billion more\u003c/a> than what his office and lawmakers predicted last June and roughly $17 billion more than what’s in this year’s budget.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But Newsom’s also sticking to last year’s deal with the Legislature to \u003ca href=\"https://ebudget.ca.gov/2024-25/pdf/Enacted/BudgetSummary/Introduction.pdf#page=2\">pull $7.1 billion\u003c/a> from the state’s main reserve account — even though his office projected on Monday that revenues are up by $16.5 billion more than planned across a three-year budget window.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Sen. \u003ca href=\"https://calmatters.digitaldemocracy.org/legislators/roger-niello-165442\">Roger Niello\u003c/a>, a Republican representing Roseville, criticized Newsom’s plan to continue drawing from reserves.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“We’re talking about increased revenues and a relatively strong economy, and yet we have to pull from reserves, which doesn’t make sense to a lot of people,” said Niello, the top Republican on the Senate budget committee. “And it also kind of doesn’t make sense that you’re talking about actually having a surplus when you had to pull from the reserves to create that surplus.”\u003c/p>\n\u003ch2>New homeless agency, free diapers\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>Those conditions allowed Newsom to make several new proposals, including creating a state agency to better coordinate homelessness and housing policies. The administration did not propose new spending on homelessness, and it did not release details on how it would reorganize existing departments under the agency Newsom envisions.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Finance Director Joe Stepenshaw said the spending plan proposes just $1.2 billion in new funding. “There is very limited new commitments in this budget,” he said.\u003c/p>\n\u003ch2>Most state revenue comes from personal income tax\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>The personal income Californians pay accounts for about 60% of money that goes toward the state’s general fund. Corporate taxes as well as sales and use taxes make up another third. \u003cem>General fund revenue by source for the past three budget years\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c!-- iframe plugin v.4.3 wordpress.org/plugins/iframe/ -->\u003cbr>\n\u003ciframe loading=\"lazy\" src=\"https://datawrapper.dwcdn.net/Owxvx/4/\" width=\"800\" height=\"500\" scrolling=\"yes\" class=\"iframe-class\" frameborder=\"0\">\u003c/iframe>\u003cbr>\n In a small item that could make a meaningful difference to new parents, Newsom wants to spend $7.4 million to provide a three month supply of diapers for newborns. He also seeks to \u003ca href=\"https://ebudget.ca.gov/2025-26/pdf/BudgetSummary/TK-12Education.pdf#page=7\">add $40 million in funds\u003c/a> for schools to screen students for reading difficulties, including dyslexia.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Newsom also wants to add 700 firefighters next fiscal year, bringing the total number of firefighters almost 10,000. \u003ca href=\"https://eservices.calhr.ca.gov/enterprisehrblazorpublic/public/api/MOU/GetPublicDocumentContentByID?DocumentIdentifier=8926a1bc-88b3-40e9-9585-fa00c065083f\">Cal Fire had about 5,800 firefighters\u003c/a> just seven years ago. The state has been increasing their headcount because of the growing intensity of California wildfires to accommodate contract changes that are meant to \u003ca href=\"https://calmatters.org/environment/wildfires/2022/12/cal-fire-labor-contract/\">give firefighters better schedules\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>And, voters gave Newsom more flexibility last year when they approved three substantial bonds, which allow the state to borrow money and repay it over time.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>As a result, the budget includes $2.7 billion in \u003ca href=\"https://calmatters.org/politics/elections/2024/11/california-election-news-proposition-4-environment/\">new climate spending\u003c/a> stemming from Proposition 4; $8.5 billion for \u003ca href=\"https://calmatters.org/education/k-12-education/2024/11/california-election-result-prop-2/\">school facilities\u003c/a> thanks to Proposition 2; and $6.4 billion for \u003ca href=\"https://calmatters.org/health/mental-health/2024/05/mental-health-housing-proposition-1/\">mental health housing\u003c/a> from Proposition 1.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11971855\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 2560px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-full wp-image-11971855\" src=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/01/230726-SAN-QUENTIN-MHN-24-scaled.jpg\" alt=\"A prison guard in uniform stands in front of a gate with a building in the background.\" width=\"2560\" height=\"1707\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/01/230726-SAN-QUENTIN-MHN-24-scaled.jpg 2560w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/01/230726-SAN-QUENTIN-MHN-24-800x533.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/01/230726-SAN-QUENTIN-MHN-24-1020x680.jpg 1020w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/01/230726-SAN-QUENTIN-MHN-24-160x107.jpg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/01/230726-SAN-QUENTIN-MHN-24-1536x1024.jpg 1536w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/01/230726-SAN-QUENTIN-MHN-24-2048x1365.jpg 2048w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/01/230726-SAN-QUENTIN-MHN-24-1920x1280.jpg 1920w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 2560px) 100vw, 2560px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">The entry gate at San Quentin State Prison on July 26, 2023. \u003ccite>(Martin do Nascimento/KQED)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003ch2>Lower spending on prisons, tight budgets for UC and Cal State\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>Still, the balanced budget rests on proceeding with cuts to many state programs that Newsom and the Legislature agreed to last June, including a 7.95% cut in operational budget to nearly all state agencies.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Newsom said earlier this week that his administration has been tightening spending, including by eliminating 6,500 vacant positions. By eliminating those positions, the state saves $1.2 billion, Newsom said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The administration also projects lower spending in state prisons even though it expects California’s incarcerated population to increase in the short term because of the sentencing changes voters approved when \u003ca href=\"https://calmatters.org/justice/2024/11/retail-theft-proposition-36-election/\">they passed Proposition 36\u003c/a> in November. Newsom’s budget would cut corrections spending by $400 million, bringing it down to $13.6 billion.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Most of the cuts took hold last summer, but Newsom is going forward with slashing state support to the University of California and California State University by nearly 8% in 2025–26 — a combined hit of $772 million.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Larger class sizes, fewer course offerings and a reduced workforce will hinder students’ ability to graduate on time,” said Cal State’s chancellor, Mildred Garcia, in a statement.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>For UC, the cuts and delays mean that the system will end up with $400 million more in state support in 2027–28 than it got in 2023–24. Ongoing increases to tuition also will bring in more money. But, with growing labor and academic costs to teach its students of roughly half a billion dollars annually, the UC told CalMatters that it expects to see a revenue shortfall of more than $700 million in 2027–28.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“I am disappointed reductions have been proposed in both the University of California and California State University budgets. We will explore ways to restore these cuts, particularly to the CSUs,” said John Sen. Laird, the Santa Cruz Democrat who is the chairperson the budget committee that oversees education spending.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Student financial aid remains mostly untouched in the budget plan. The state’s flagship tuition waiver program, the Cal Grant, remains unscathed — a $2.6 billion behemoth benefiting more than 400,000 students.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Public K–12 education and community colleges would be fully funded under Newsom’s proposal. Newsom intends to proceed with fully funding the state’s \u003ca href=\"https://calmatters.org/education/k-12-education/2024/07/transitional-kindergarten/\">expanded early education programming\u003c/a>, transitional kindergarten, to all eligible 4-year-olds. His budget would mean the \u003ca href=\"https://ebudget.ca.gov/2025-26/pdf/BudgetSummary/TK-12Education.pdf#page=4\">second largest amount of state support\u003c/a> for K–12 and community colleges. About half of the state’s general fund \u003ca href=\"https://ebudget.ca.gov/budget/2025-26/#/BudgetDetail\">supports education\u003c/a>, and most of that flows to public K–12.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The proposed budget includes \u003ca href=\"https://ebudget.ca.gov/2025-26/pdf/BudgetSummary/HigherEducation.pdf#page=3\">$100 million in new money\u003c/a> to help community colleges provide students with course credit for prior work experience. The end goal in \u003ca href=\"https://calmatters.org/education/higher-education/2024/12/job-training/\">his master plan for career education\u003c/a> is to overhaul the state’s \u003ca href=\"https://calmatters.org/economy/2024/09/trade-schools-job-training-california/\">convoluted job training programs\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003ch2>Asking voters to put more money in reserves\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>Newsom’s budget proposal includes $17 billion in reserves. But, he cautioned, the state may decide to set aside more money because of the economic uncertainty his administration anticipates from Trump’s trade and immigration policies.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>That’s partly why his office wants to raise the cap on how much money the state can deposit to its rainy day fund. As a \u003ca href=\"https://www.sacbee.com/news/politics-government/article5369607.html\">result of Proposition 2\u003c/a> — a ballot measure approved by voters in 2014 — the state is required to make deposits until the balance reaches 10% of the state’s general fund tax revenue.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>During the budget presentation, Stephenshaw said Newsom wants to up the limit to 20%. That change would require voters to pass a ballot measure allowing it.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“This will enable us to save a lot more during the upswings and be able to provide a more stable management of our funds going forward to protect the programs and services that the Californians rely upon,” Stephenshaw said.\u003c/p>\n\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>",
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"slug": "guide-what-rights-do-undocumented-students-and-families-have-at-california-schools",
"title": "Guide: What Are the Rights of Undocumented Students in California Schools?",
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"headTitle": "Guide: What Are the Rights of Undocumented Students in California Schools? | KQED",
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"content": "\u003cp>In the first months of the first Trump administration in 2017, a father in Los Angeles was detained by Immigration and Customs Enforcement (ICE) after dropping his 12-year-old daughter off at school.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The ripple effect was immediate.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Right away there was a drop in attendance in L.A. schools because parents were thinking, ‘Oh, if I drop off my kids, ICE is going to pick me up,’” said Ana Mendoza, senior staff attorney at ACLU of Southern California and director of the organization’s \u003ca href=\"https://www.myschoolmyrights.com/\">Education Equity Project\u003c/a>. “The need for safety and sanctuary policies became really salient because students weren’t going to schools or families were tentative about their participation in schools.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In the wake of this year’s presidential election, there is again widespread uncertainty among immigrant families in California about what is to come, given President-elect Donald Trump’s promises of mass deportation.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>State Attorney General Rob Bonta recently released updated guidelines and model policies about what K-12 schools, colleges and universities can and cannot do under state and federal law, regarding keeping immigrant students and families’ data private, when to allow an immigration enforcement officer on campus, how to respond to the detention or deportation of a student’s family member, and how to respond to bullying or harassment of a student based on immigration status.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The original guidelines and policies were released in 2018 by then-Attorney General Xavier Becerra, after California passed \u003ca href=\"https://leginfo.legislature.ca.gov/faces/billNavClient.xhtml?bill_id=201720180AB699\">Assembly Bill 699\u003c/a>, requiring schools to pass policies that limited collaboration with immigration enforcement. Bonta is now asking schools to update their policies.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“School districts should be examining what their board policies are and to make sure they’re updated and take any measures to make sure that families feel safe,” Mendoza said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>An estimated \u003ca href=\"https://www.nccp.org/immigration/?state=CA\">1 in 10\u003c/a>, or 1 million, children in California have at least one undocumented parent. And about \u003ca href=\"https://www.migrationpolicy.org/data/unauthorized-immigrant-population/state/CA\">133,000\u003c/a> children in California public schools are undocumented themselves, according to the Migration Policy Institute.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In California’s colleges and universities, an estimated 86,800 students are undocumented, and about 6,800 employees in TK-12 schools, colleges and universities have temporary work permits and protection from deportation under Deferred Action for Childhood Arrivals, or DACA, according to the \u003ca href=\"https://www.higheredimmigrationportal.org/state/california/\">Higher Ed Immigration Portal\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Undocumented students and faculty and staff are afraid for their safety, and this will impact their retention and enrollment in higher education if they’re not feeling safe or they’re feeling targeted,” said Luz Bertadillo, director of campus engagement for the Presidents’ Alliance for Higher Education and Immigration, a national organization of college and university leaders. “For campuses to have a strong stance on what they’re doing to support undocumented students is important, or at least letting their students know they’re thinking about them and they’re taking action. Even though they cannot guarantee their safety, at least they’re taking those initiatives to safeguard.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>What rights do immigrant students and family members have at school and college, regardless of their immigration status?\u003c/p>\n\u003ch2>The right to attend public school\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>All children present in the United States, regardless of immigration status, have a right to attend public school. In 1982, the Supreme Court ruled in the case Plyler v. Doe that states cannot deny students a free, public education based on their immigration status or their parents or guardians’ immigration status. Some states — including California in 1994 with Proposition 187 — and school districts have since attempted to pass laws that would either deny enrollment to students who did not have valid immigration status or report their status to authorities, but all these laws have been struck down by courts.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>California schools are not allowed to request or collect information about Social Security numbers, immigration status or U.S. citizenship when enrolling students. Students and parents do not have to answer questions from schools about their immigration status, citizenship or whether they have a Social Security number.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“This often comes up in requests for student documents,” Mendoza said. “I had an intake once where a parent gave a passport during enrollment, and the front office person was asking the parent for a visa. No. The school has no right to ask for documents about your citizenship or immigration status.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Schools can ask for some information like a student’s place of birth, when they first came to the U.S. or attended school in the U.S., in order to determine whether a student is eligible for special federal or state programs for recently arrived immigrant students or English learners. However, parents are not required to give schools this information, and schools cannot use this information to prevent children from enrolling in school. The Office of the Attorney General suggests that schools should collect this information separately from enrolling students.\u003c/p>\n\u003ch2>Privacy of school records\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>The federal Family Educational Rights and Privacy Act, or FERPA, restricts schools from sharing students’ personal information in most cases with other agencies or organizations, including federal immigration authorities. The law requires that schools get a parent or guardian’s consent before releasing any student information to another agency or organization, or if the student is 18 or older, schools must get consent from the student.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>However, in some cases, schools may be required to provide information without consent in response to a court order or judicial subpoena.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Colleges are also restricted from sharing information except in certain cases. Bertadillo said her organization recommends that college leaders have conversations with all the different departments that might manage information about students’ or families’ immigration status, such as information technology, admissions, registrar, and financial aid, to review their practices for storing or sharing the data.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“We hear some campuses have citizenship status on their transcripts and those transcripts get sent to graduate schools, to jobs, and that’s essentially outing students,” Bertadillo said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>She said it’s important for colleges and schools to pass or revisit procedures about what to do if immigration officials ask for data or attempt to enter a campus.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“A lot of institutions created them back in Trump 1.0. We’re recommending they reaffirm or revisit them, so that the campus knows that this is in place,” Bertadillo said.\u003c/p>\n\u003ch2>Safe haven at school\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>The Department of Homeland Security has designated schools and colleges \u003ca href=\"https://www.dhs.gov/guidelines-enforcement-actions-or-near-protected-areas\">as protected areas\u003c/a> where immigration enforcement should be avoided as much as possible. President-elect Trump has said he may rescind this policy.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In the event that ICE officers do enter schools or ask to question students, the attorney general’s guidelines say school staff should ask officers for a judicial warrant. Without a judicial warrant, school staff are not required to give an ICE officer permission to enter the school or conduct a search, or to provide information or records about a student or family, the guidelines say.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>A \u003ca href=\"https://leginfo.legislature.ca.gov/faces/billNavClient.xhtml?bill_id=202520260SB48\">bill introduced\u003c/a> by state Sen. Lena Gonzalez, D-Long Beach, and State Superintendent of Public Instruction Tony Thurmond would establish a “safe zone” of 1 mile around schools and prohibit schools from allowing ICE to enter a campus or share information without a judicial warrant.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Under California law, schools must notify parents or guardians if they release a student to a law-enforcement officer, except in cases of suspected child abuse or neglect.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>California law does not require schools to notify parents or guardians before law enforcement officers question a child at school, but it does not prohibit schools from notifying them either. California’s attorney general suggests that school districts and charter schools should create policies that require notification of parents or guardians before a law enforcement officer questions or removes a student, unless that officer has a judicial warrant or court order.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In addition, the attorney general says if a police officer or immigration agent tries to enter a school or talk to a student for purposes of immigration enforcement, the superintendent or principal should e-mail the Bureau of Children’s Justice in the California Department of Justice.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Schools should retrain their staff on their visitor management policies, to make sure everyone who comes onto campus, including law enforcement, is questioned about what their purpose is, and that school staff is trained on what to do if law enforcement asks to see information about students or staff,” said Mendoza.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Support from school if a family member is detained or deported\u003cbr>\nIf a student reports that their parents or guardians were detained or deported, California law requires that the school must follow parents’ instructions about whom to contact in an emergency. The attorney general’s guidance says “schools should not contact Child Protective Services unless the school is unsuccessful in arranging for the care of the child through the emergency contact information.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The guidance also suggests that schools should help students and family members contact legal assistance, their consulate, and help them locate their detained family members through \u003ca href=\"https://locator.ice.gov/odls/#/search\">ICE’s detainee locator system\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Mendoza said it is important to note that if a student’s parents are detained or deported, and as a result they have to go live with another family member, at that point, they are eligible for support for homeless students under the federal McKinney-Vento Act.\u003c/p>\n\u003ch2>Protection from discrimination and harassment\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>Federal law prohibits discrimination and harassment based on race, national origin, color, sex, age, disability and religion. California’s law AB 699 also made immigration status a protected characteristic, meaning that schools are required to have policies that prohibit discrimination, harassment and bullying based on immigration status.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Mendoza said it’s important for families and students who experience bullying or harassment to know they can submit complaints through their schools or to different agencies in California. “There are advocates out there willing to support them if their schools do not act in accordance with best practices or with the law,” Mendoza said.\u003c/p>\n\u003ch2>\u003cstrong>Free lunch, subsidized child care and special education\u003c/strong>\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>In California, all students have a right to a free school lunch, since the 2022-23 school year. In addition, some students whose families are considered low-income qualify for subsidized child care, either all day for infants and preschoolers, or after school for school-age children. Students with disabilities have a right to special education to meet their needs, under federal law.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Immigrant families are often afraid to apply for public services because they are worried this will count against them when applying for permanent residency. This is largely due to the “public charge” test, which immigration officers use to determine whether green-card applicants are likely to depend on public benefits.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Currently, immigration officers can only consider whether applicants have used cash assistance for income, like SSI or CalWORKs, or long-term institutionalized care paid for by public insurance, such as Medi-Cal. They do not consider school lunch, child care or food stamps. And officers are not allowed to look at whether applicants’ family members, like U.S. citizen children, use public benefits. During the first Trump administration, the president changed this policy to include family members and some other benefits. It is unclear whether he may attempt to change this again in the future. However, even under the changes during his first term, school lunch and child care were not included.\u003c/p>\n\u003ch2>\u003cstrong>In-state tuition and scholarships for college\u003c/strong>\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>Under the \u003ca href=\"https://dream.csac.ca.gov/\">California Dream Act\u003c/a>, undocumented students qualify for in-state tuition and state financial aid at California colleges and universities if they attended high school for three or more years or attained credits at community college or adult school and graduated from high school or attained an associate degree or finished minimum transfer requirements at a California community college. The number of students applying for the California Dream Act has \u003ca href=\"https://edsource.org/2024/study-finds-drop-in-csu-uc-enrollment-of-low-income-undocumented-students/719344\">plummeted\u003c/a> in recent years.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad floatright]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"https://edsource.org/2025/what-rights-do-immigrant-students-and-families-have-in-california-schools-and-colleges-quick-guide/724175\">\u003cem>This story was originally published by EdSource.\u003c/em>\u003c/a>\u003c/p>\n\n",
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"excerpt": "In the wake of this year’s presidential election, there is again widespread uncertainty among undocumented families in California about what’s to come, given President-elect Donald Trump’s promises of mass deportation. Here are some of the rights guaranteed to students, regardless of immigration status.",
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"title": "Guide: What Are the Rights of Undocumented Students in California Schools? | KQED",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>In the first months of the first Trump administration in 2017, a father in Los Angeles was detained by Immigration and Customs Enforcement (ICE) after dropping his 12-year-old daughter off at school.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The ripple effect was immediate.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Right away there was a drop in attendance in L.A. schools because parents were thinking, ‘Oh, if I drop off my kids, ICE is going to pick me up,’” said Ana Mendoza, senior staff attorney at ACLU of Southern California and director of the organization’s \u003ca href=\"https://www.myschoolmyrights.com/\">Education Equity Project\u003c/a>. “The need for safety and sanctuary policies became really salient because students weren’t going to schools or families were tentative about their participation in schools.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In the wake of this year’s presidential election, there is again widespread uncertainty among immigrant families in California about what is to come, given President-elect Donald Trump’s promises of mass deportation.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>State Attorney General Rob Bonta recently released updated guidelines and model policies about what K-12 schools, colleges and universities can and cannot do under state and federal law, regarding keeping immigrant students and families’ data private, when to allow an immigration enforcement officer on campus, how to respond to the detention or deportation of a student’s family member, and how to respond to bullying or harassment of a student based on immigration status.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The original guidelines and policies were released in 2018 by then-Attorney General Xavier Becerra, after California passed \u003ca href=\"https://leginfo.legislature.ca.gov/faces/billNavClient.xhtml?bill_id=201720180AB699\">Assembly Bill 699\u003c/a>, requiring schools to pass policies that limited collaboration with immigration enforcement. Bonta is now asking schools to update their policies.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“School districts should be examining what their board policies are and to make sure they’re updated and take any measures to make sure that families feel safe,” Mendoza said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>An estimated \u003ca href=\"https://www.nccp.org/immigration/?state=CA\">1 in 10\u003c/a>, or 1 million, children in California have at least one undocumented parent. And about \u003ca href=\"https://www.migrationpolicy.org/data/unauthorized-immigrant-population/state/CA\">133,000\u003c/a> children in California public schools are undocumented themselves, according to the Migration Policy Institute.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In California’s colleges and universities, an estimated 86,800 students are undocumented, and about 6,800 employees in TK-12 schools, colleges and universities have temporary work permits and protection from deportation under Deferred Action for Childhood Arrivals, or DACA, according to the \u003ca href=\"https://www.higheredimmigrationportal.org/state/california/\">Higher Ed Immigration Portal\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Undocumented students and faculty and staff are afraid for their safety, and this will impact their retention and enrollment in higher education if they’re not feeling safe or they’re feeling targeted,” said Luz Bertadillo, director of campus engagement for the Presidents’ Alliance for Higher Education and Immigration, a national organization of college and university leaders. “For campuses to have a strong stance on what they’re doing to support undocumented students is important, or at least letting their students know they’re thinking about them and they’re taking action. Even though they cannot guarantee their safety, at least they’re taking those initiatives to safeguard.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>What rights do immigrant students and family members have at school and college, regardless of their immigration status?\u003c/p>\n\u003ch2>The right to attend public school\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>All children present in the United States, regardless of immigration status, have a right to attend public school. In 1982, the Supreme Court ruled in the case Plyler v. Doe that states cannot deny students a free, public education based on their immigration status or their parents or guardians’ immigration status. Some states — including California in 1994 with Proposition 187 — and school districts have since attempted to pass laws that would either deny enrollment to students who did not have valid immigration status or report their status to authorities, but all these laws have been struck down by courts.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>California schools are not allowed to request or collect information about Social Security numbers, immigration status or U.S. citizenship when enrolling students. Students and parents do not have to answer questions from schools about their immigration status, citizenship or whether they have a Social Security number.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“This often comes up in requests for student documents,” Mendoza said. “I had an intake once where a parent gave a passport during enrollment, and the front office person was asking the parent for a visa. No. The school has no right to ask for documents about your citizenship or immigration status.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Schools can ask for some information like a student’s place of birth, when they first came to the U.S. or attended school in the U.S., in order to determine whether a student is eligible for special federal or state programs for recently arrived immigrant students or English learners. However, parents are not required to give schools this information, and schools cannot use this information to prevent children from enrolling in school. The Office of the Attorney General suggests that schools should collect this information separately from enrolling students.\u003c/p>\n\u003ch2>Privacy of school records\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>The federal Family Educational Rights and Privacy Act, or FERPA, restricts schools from sharing students’ personal information in most cases with other agencies or organizations, including federal immigration authorities. The law requires that schools get a parent or guardian’s consent before releasing any student information to another agency or organization, or if the student is 18 or older, schools must get consent from the student.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>However, in some cases, schools may be required to provide information without consent in response to a court order or judicial subpoena.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Colleges are also restricted from sharing information except in certain cases. Bertadillo said her organization recommends that college leaders have conversations with all the different departments that might manage information about students’ or families’ immigration status, such as information technology, admissions, registrar, and financial aid, to review their practices for storing or sharing the data.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“We hear some campuses have citizenship status on their transcripts and those transcripts get sent to graduate schools, to jobs, and that’s essentially outing students,” Bertadillo said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>She said it’s important for colleges and schools to pass or revisit procedures about what to do if immigration officials ask for data or attempt to enter a campus.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“A lot of institutions created them back in Trump 1.0. We’re recommending they reaffirm or revisit them, so that the campus knows that this is in place,” Bertadillo said.\u003c/p>\n\u003ch2>Safe haven at school\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>The Department of Homeland Security has designated schools and colleges \u003ca href=\"https://www.dhs.gov/guidelines-enforcement-actions-or-near-protected-areas\">as protected areas\u003c/a> where immigration enforcement should be avoided as much as possible. President-elect Trump has said he may rescind this policy.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In the event that ICE officers do enter schools or ask to question students, the attorney general’s guidelines say school staff should ask officers for a judicial warrant. Without a judicial warrant, school staff are not required to give an ICE officer permission to enter the school or conduct a search, or to provide information or records about a student or family, the guidelines say.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>A \u003ca href=\"https://leginfo.legislature.ca.gov/faces/billNavClient.xhtml?bill_id=202520260SB48\">bill introduced\u003c/a> by state Sen. Lena Gonzalez, D-Long Beach, and State Superintendent of Public Instruction Tony Thurmond would establish a “safe zone” of 1 mile around schools and prohibit schools from allowing ICE to enter a campus or share information without a judicial warrant.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Under California law, schools must notify parents or guardians if they release a student to a law-enforcement officer, except in cases of suspected child abuse or neglect.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>California law does not require schools to notify parents or guardians before law enforcement officers question a child at school, but it does not prohibit schools from notifying them either. California’s attorney general suggests that school districts and charter schools should create policies that require notification of parents or guardians before a law enforcement officer questions or removes a student, unless that officer has a judicial warrant or court order.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In addition, the attorney general says if a police officer or immigration agent tries to enter a school or talk to a student for purposes of immigration enforcement, the superintendent or principal should e-mail the Bureau of Children’s Justice in the California Department of Justice.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Schools should retrain their staff on their visitor management policies, to make sure everyone who comes onto campus, including law enforcement, is questioned about what their purpose is, and that school staff is trained on what to do if law enforcement asks to see information about students or staff,” said Mendoza.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Support from school if a family member is detained or deported\u003cbr>\nIf a student reports that their parents or guardians were detained or deported, California law requires that the school must follow parents’ instructions about whom to contact in an emergency. The attorney general’s guidance says “schools should not contact Child Protective Services unless the school is unsuccessful in arranging for the care of the child through the emergency contact information.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The guidance also suggests that schools should help students and family members contact legal assistance, their consulate, and help them locate their detained family members through \u003ca href=\"https://locator.ice.gov/odls/#/search\">ICE’s detainee locator system\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Mendoza said it is important to note that if a student’s parents are detained or deported, and as a result they have to go live with another family member, at that point, they are eligible for support for homeless students under the federal McKinney-Vento Act.\u003c/p>\n\u003ch2>Protection from discrimination and harassment\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>Federal law prohibits discrimination and harassment based on race, national origin, color, sex, age, disability and religion. California’s law AB 699 also made immigration status a protected characteristic, meaning that schools are required to have policies that prohibit discrimination, harassment and bullying based on immigration status.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Mendoza said it’s important for families and students who experience bullying or harassment to know they can submit complaints through their schools or to different agencies in California. “There are advocates out there willing to support them if their schools do not act in accordance with best practices or with the law,” Mendoza said.\u003c/p>\n\u003ch2>\u003cstrong>Free lunch, subsidized child care and special education\u003c/strong>\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>In California, all students have a right to a free school lunch, since the 2022-23 school year. In addition, some students whose families are considered low-income qualify for subsidized child care, either all day for infants and preschoolers, or after school for school-age children. Students with disabilities have a right to special education to meet their needs, under federal law.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Immigrant families are often afraid to apply for public services because they are worried this will count against them when applying for permanent residency. This is largely due to the “public charge” test, which immigration officers use to determine whether green-card applicants are likely to depend on public benefits.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Currently, immigration officers can only consider whether applicants have used cash assistance for income, like SSI or CalWORKs, or long-term institutionalized care paid for by public insurance, such as Medi-Cal. They do not consider school lunch, child care or food stamps. And officers are not allowed to look at whether applicants’ family members, like U.S. citizen children, use public benefits. During the first Trump administration, the president changed this policy to include family members and some other benefits. It is unclear whether he may attempt to change this again in the future. However, even under the changes during his first term, school lunch and child care were not included.\u003c/p>\n\u003ch2>\u003cstrong>In-state tuition and scholarships for college\u003c/strong>\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>Under the \u003ca href=\"https://dream.csac.ca.gov/\">California Dream Act\u003c/a>, undocumented students qualify for in-state tuition and state financial aid at California colleges and universities if they attended high school for three or more years or attained credits at community college or adult school and graduated from high school or attained an associate degree or finished minimum transfer requirements at a California community college. The number of students applying for the California Dream Act has \u003ca href=\"https://edsource.org/2024/study-finds-drop-in-csu-uc-enrollment-of-low-income-undocumented-students/719344\">plummeted\u003c/a> in recent years.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"title": "Can California Keep ICE Away From Schools? Lawmakers Want to Try as Crackdowns Loom",
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"headTitle": "Can California Keep ICE Away From Schools? Lawmakers Want to Try as Crackdowns Loom | KQED",
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"content": "\u003cp>California lawmakers are proposing steps to protect K–12 students and families from mass deportations — although the real value of those proposals may be symbolic.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>A pair of bills in the Legislature — \u003ca href=\"https://digitaldemocracy.calmatters.org/bills/ca_202520260ab49?slug=CA_202520260AB49&_gl=1*11t00sp*_gcl_au*Nzk3MzE2MDMuMTczMTAyMjU2Mg..*_ga*Mjk2NjI4MjAxLjE3MzEwMjI1NjI.*_ga_5TKXNLE5NK*MTczNTk0MDA1NS4zNi4xLjE3MzU5NDAxOTkuNjAuMC4w*_ga_DX0K9PCWYH*MTczNTk0MDA1NS4zNi4xLjE3MzU5NDAxOTkuMC4wLjA.*_ga_GNY4L81DZE*MTczNTk0MDA1NS4zNi4xLjE3MzU5NDAxOTkuMC4wLjA.\">AB 49\u003c/a> and \u003ca href=\"https://digitaldemocracy.calmatters.org/bills/ca_202520260sb48?slug=CA_202520260SB48&_gl=1*11t00sp*_gcl_au*Nzk3MzE2MDMuMTczMTAyMjU2Mg..*_ga*Mjk2NjI4MjAxLjE3MzEwMjI1NjI.*_ga_5TKXNLE5NK*MTczNTk0MDA1NS4zNi4xLjE3MzU5NDAxOTkuNjAuMC4w*_ga_DX0K9PCWYH*MTczNTk0MDA1NS4zNi4xLjE3MzU5NDAxOTkuMC4wLjA.*_ga_GNY4L81DZE*MTczNTk0MDA1NS4zNi4xLjE3MzU5NDAxOTkuMC4wLjA.\">SB 48\u003c/a> — aim to keep federal agents from detaining undocumented students or their families on or near school property without a warrant. The bills are a response to President-elect Donald Trump’s threat to deport undocumented immigrants, a move that could have major consequences for schools in California, which funds its schools based on attendance and where \u003ca href=\"https://www.fwd.us/news/k-12-undocumented-students/\">12% of students\u003c/a> have at least one undocumented parent.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Both bills would make it harder and more time-consuming for agents to enter schools or day care centers. But they can only delay, not stop, arrests.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“In no way can these bills override federal law,” said Kevin Johnson, a law professor at UC Davis. “But the bills respond to a great concern in the community that it’s not safe to take your children to school. … I can’t emphasize enough how important this is, how vulnerable undocumented immigrants feel right now.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>AB 49, proposed by Assemblymember Al Muratsuchi, a Democrat from Torrance, would require immigration agents to obtain written permission from the superintendent before coming onto school property. It also bars agents from being in rooms where children are present. SB 48, introduced by Sen. Lena Gonzalez, a Democrat from Long Beach, would prohibit local police from cooperating with federal agents — such as assisting in arrests or providing information about families’ immigration status — within one mile of a school. It also bars schools from sharing student and family information with federal authorities.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>School districts have also doubled down on their efforts to protect students and families. Los Angeles Unified has partnered with legal aid organizations to assist families and instructed schools not to ask students about their immigration status. San Francisco Unified \u003ca href=\"https://go.boarddocs.com/ca/sfusd/Board.nsf/goto?open&id=D2NW4T83765C\">has similar policies\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“(San Francisco Unified) is a safe haven for all students regardless of citizenship status,” Superintendent Maria Su wrote to the community after the November election. “SFUSD restates our position that all students have the right to attend school regardless of their immigration status or that of their family members.”\u003c/p>\n\u003ch2>Schools as safe havens\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>Schools have long been safe havens for immigrant students. Under a \u003ca href=\"https://www.oyez.org/cases/1981/80-1538\">1982 Supreme Court ruling\u003c/a>, public schools must enroll all students regardless of their immigration status and can’t charge tuition to students who aren’t legal residents. And since 2011, \u003ca href=\"https://www.ice.gov/doclib/ero-outreach/pdf/10029.2-policy.pdf\">federal guidelines\u003c/a> discourage agents from making immigration arrests at schools, hospitals, churches, courthouses and other “sensitive locations.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But Trump said he plans to \u003ca href=\"https://www.nbcnews.com/investigations/trump-scrap-restriction-ice-arrests-churches-schools-rcna183688\">eliminate the “sensitive locations”\u003c/a> guidelines, and the Heritage Foundation, which published the right-leaning Project 2025 manifesto, is encouraging states to \u003ca href=\"https://www.heritage.org/education/report/the-consequences-unchecked-illegal-immigration-americas-public-schools\">charge tuition to undocumented K–12 students\u003c/a>. That could set up the possible overturn of the Supreme Court decision guaranteeing access to school for undocumented students. The foundation’s rationale is that government agencies such as schools are already overburdened and need to prioritize services for U.S. citizens.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“The (Biden) administration’s new version of America is nothing more than an open-border welfare state,” Lora Ries, director of the Heritage Foundation’s Border Security and Immigration Center, \u003ca href=\"https://www.heritage.org/press/heritage-releases-more-50-immigration-policies-and-principles-overhaul-us-immigration-system\">wrote\u003c/a>. “No country can sustain or survive such a vision.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Muratsuchi, chair of the Assembly Education Committee, said he was inspired to author AB 49 just after the election when he listened to the concerns of immigrant students in the political science class he teaches at El Camino Community College in Torrance.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“It became clear there was more and more fear among my students, not only for themselves but for their families. The fear of families being torn apart is very real,” Muratuschi said. “We want to send a strong message to our immigrant students that we’re going to do everything we can to protect them.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11958277\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 2000px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-full wp-image-11958277\" src=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2023/08/230815-IMMIGRATION-RALLY-AP-JC-KQED.jpg\" alt=\"People fill a plaza holding signs in front of a large ornate building.\" width=\"2000\" height=\"1397\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2023/08/230815-IMMIGRATION-RALLY-AP-JC-KQED.jpg 2000w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2023/08/230815-IMMIGRATION-RALLY-AP-JC-KQED-800x559.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2023/08/230815-IMMIGRATION-RALLY-AP-JC-KQED-1020x712.jpg 1020w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2023/08/230815-IMMIGRATION-RALLY-AP-JC-KQED-160x112.jpg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2023/08/230815-IMMIGRATION-RALLY-AP-JC-KQED-1536x1073.jpg 1536w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2023/08/230815-IMMIGRATION-RALLY-AP-JC-KQED-1920x1341.jpg 1920w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 2000px) 100vw, 2000px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Mercedes and Adan Meneses hold signs at a rally held by immigrant and union groups march to mark May Day and protest against President Donald Trump’s efforts to boost deportations at the San Francisco City Hall on May 1, 2017. \u003ccite>(Jeff Chiu/AP Photo)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003ch2>‘Too scared to speak up’\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>For most undocumented families, deportation would mean a plunging into poverty and, in many cases, violence. Nahomi, a high school senior in Fresno County whom CalMatters is identifying by her middle name because of her immigration status, described the threat of deportation as “a major worry for my family and I. Our lives could change completely in a blink of an eye.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Nahomi and her parents arrived in California in 2011 from the city of Culiacan in Sinaloa, Mexico, an area plagued by \u003ca href=\"https://mx.usembassy.gov/security-alert-ongoing-violence-and-security-concerns-in-culiacan-and-mazatlan-sinaloa-mexico/#:~:text=Culiacan%2C%20the%20Mazatlan%2DCuliacan%20highway,and%20operating%20in%20Sinaloa%20state.\">widespread violence\u003c/a>. They initially planned to stay until Sinaloa became safer, but once they settled in the Central Valley, they decided the risks of returning outweighed the risk of deportation, so they stayed. Nahomi’s father works in construction, and her mother is a homemaker, raising Nahomi and her younger sister.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>While she and her family fear deportation, Nahomi is not afraid to attend school. She said schools can help families know their rights and help children feel safe.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“I feel very welcomed and safe there,” she said. “It is a very diverse high school, and I just feel like any other student. … (But) a lot of these families are probably too scared to speak up about doubts they might have.”\u003c/p>\n\u003ch2>Politically unpopular?\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>Patricia Gándara, an education professor and co-director of the Civil Rights Project at UCLA, said the risk of federal agents arresting students at schools is probably small. It’s unclear how many children in K–12 schools are undocumented, but it’s probably a relatively small number, she said. In any case, immigration enforcement that affects children almost always sparks public outcry from both parties, she said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[aside tag='immigration' label='More Immigration News']\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Some people might say they’re anti-immigrant, but it’s another thing entirely when the family up the street, whom they’ve known for 20 years, suddenly gets deported, or your kid’s best friend gets deported,” said Gandara, who’s studied the topic extensively. “It’s politically very unpopular.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Still, the proposed bills could send a powerful message that schools are safe places, she said. Immigration crackdowns can have a \u003ca href=\"https://siepr.stanford.edu/publications/policy-brief/how-strict-immigration-enforcement-harms-schoolchildren\">significant impact on student attendance\u003c/a>, a Stanford study found, which can lead to less funding for schools, particularly low-income schools that enroll large numbers of immigrant children.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Immigration crackdowns can also lead to an increase in bullying, anxiety and general uncertainty on campus, not just for immigrant children but for everyone, Gándara said. Teachers, in particular, experience high levels of stress when their students’ safety is endangered, she said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Schools can’t rely solely on state laws to protect immigrant families, though, she added. They should partner with local nonprofits to provide legal services and other support to families who need assistance, Gándara said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Schools are one of the last places immigrant families feel safe,” she said. “But as soon as (federal agents) move into schools, they’re not so safe any more. These bills say, ‘We’re not going to sit back and let this happen. Not all of government is against you.’”\u003c/p>\n\u003ch2>California ‘one of the best places to be’\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>Both bills are awaiting hearings in the Legislature. Tammy Lin, supervising attorney with the University of San Diego Immigration Clinic, expects California to continue to take steps to protect undocumented families, but political conflicts will be inevitable.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The incoming Trump administration is likely to battle California and other left-leaning states over immigration matters. Even within California, conflicts are likely to erupt between state leaders and those in more conservative regions or even between agencies in the same area. In San Diego County, for example, the Board of Supervisors ordered the sheriff’s office not to notify federal immigration officers when it releases suspected undocumented inmates from jail, but the \u003ca href=\"https://www.latimes.com/california/story/2024-12-18/san-diego-sheriff-and-county-spar-over-immigration\">sheriff refused to comply\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Lin also said she wouldn’t be surprised if there’s an attempt to overturn the Supreme Court ruling guaranteeing education to undocumented children, potentially paving the way for other immigrants’ rights to be reversed.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“It’s a slippery slope,” Lin said. “Immigrants know this, which is why there’s immense fear and uncertainty right now. But bills like these show that California is still one of the best places you can be.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad floatright]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>Suriyah Jones, a member of the CalMatters Youth Journalism Initiative, contributed to this story.\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\n",
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"excerpt": "California legislators want to limit deportation actions at schools, but they can’t ban immigration officials.",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>California lawmakers are proposing steps to protect K–12 students and families from mass deportations — although the real value of those proposals may be symbolic.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>A pair of bills in the Legislature — \u003ca href=\"https://digitaldemocracy.calmatters.org/bills/ca_202520260ab49?slug=CA_202520260AB49&_gl=1*11t00sp*_gcl_au*Nzk3MzE2MDMuMTczMTAyMjU2Mg..*_ga*Mjk2NjI4MjAxLjE3MzEwMjI1NjI.*_ga_5TKXNLE5NK*MTczNTk0MDA1NS4zNi4xLjE3MzU5NDAxOTkuNjAuMC4w*_ga_DX0K9PCWYH*MTczNTk0MDA1NS4zNi4xLjE3MzU5NDAxOTkuMC4wLjA.*_ga_GNY4L81DZE*MTczNTk0MDA1NS4zNi4xLjE3MzU5NDAxOTkuMC4wLjA.\">AB 49\u003c/a> and \u003ca href=\"https://digitaldemocracy.calmatters.org/bills/ca_202520260sb48?slug=CA_202520260SB48&_gl=1*11t00sp*_gcl_au*Nzk3MzE2MDMuMTczMTAyMjU2Mg..*_ga*Mjk2NjI4MjAxLjE3MzEwMjI1NjI.*_ga_5TKXNLE5NK*MTczNTk0MDA1NS4zNi4xLjE3MzU5NDAxOTkuNjAuMC4w*_ga_DX0K9PCWYH*MTczNTk0MDA1NS4zNi4xLjE3MzU5NDAxOTkuMC4wLjA.*_ga_GNY4L81DZE*MTczNTk0MDA1NS4zNi4xLjE3MzU5NDAxOTkuMC4wLjA.\">SB 48\u003c/a> — aim to keep federal agents from detaining undocumented students or their families on or near school property without a warrant. The bills are a response to President-elect Donald Trump’s threat to deport undocumented immigrants, a move that could have major consequences for schools in California, which funds its schools based on attendance and where \u003ca href=\"https://www.fwd.us/news/k-12-undocumented-students/\">12% of students\u003c/a> have at least one undocumented parent.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Both bills would make it harder and more time-consuming for agents to enter schools or day care centers. But they can only delay, not stop, arrests.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“In no way can these bills override federal law,” said Kevin Johnson, a law professor at UC Davis. “But the bills respond to a great concern in the community that it’s not safe to take your children to school. … I can’t emphasize enough how important this is, how vulnerable undocumented immigrants feel right now.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>AB 49, proposed by Assemblymember Al Muratsuchi, a Democrat from Torrance, would require immigration agents to obtain written permission from the superintendent before coming onto school property. It also bars agents from being in rooms where children are present. SB 48, introduced by Sen. Lena Gonzalez, a Democrat from Long Beach, would prohibit local police from cooperating with federal agents — such as assisting in arrests or providing information about families’ immigration status — within one mile of a school. It also bars schools from sharing student and family information with federal authorities.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>School districts have also doubled down on their efforts to protect students and families. Los Angeles Unified has partnered with legal aid organizations to assist families and instructed schools not to ask students about their immigration status. San Francisco Unified \u003ca href=\"https://go.boarddocs.com/ca/sfusd/Board.nsf/goto?open&id=D2NW4T83765C\">has similar policies\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“(San Francisco Unified) is a safe haven for all students regardless of citizenship status,” Superintendent Maria Su wrote to the community after the November election. “SFUSD restates our position that all students have the right to attend school regardless of their immigration status or that of their family members.”\u003c/p>\n\u003ch2>Schools as safe havens\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>Schools have long been safe havens for immigrant students. Under a \u003ca href=\"https://www.oyez.org/cases/1981/80-1538\">1982 Supreme Court ruling\u003c/a>, public schools must enroll all students regardless of their immigration status and can’t charge tuition to students who aren’t legal residents. And since 2011, \u003ca href=\"https://www.ice.gov/doclib/ero-outreach/pdf/10029.2-policy.pdf\">federal guidelines\u003c/a> discourage agents from making immigration arrests at schools, hospitals, churches, courthouses and other “sensitive locations.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But Trump said he plans to \u003ca href=\"https://www.nbcnews.com/investigations/trump-scrap-restriction-ice-arrests-churches-schools-rcna183688\">eliminate the “sensitive locations”\u003c/a> guidelines, and the Heritage Foundation, which published the right-leaning Project 2025 manifesto, is encouraging states to \u003ca href=\"https://www.heritage.org/education/report/the-consequences-unchecked-illegal-immigration-americas-public-schools\">charge tuition to undocumented K–12 students\u003c/a>. That could set up the possible overturn of the Supreme Court decision guaranteeing access to school for undocumented students. The foundation’s rationale is that government agencies such as schools are already overburdened and need to prioritize services for U.S. citizens.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“The (Biden) administration’s new version of America is nothing more than an open-border welfare state,” Lora Ries, director of the Heritage Foundation’s Border Security and Immigration Center, \u003ca href=\"https://www.heritage.org/press/heritage-releases-more-50-immigration-policies-and-principles-overhaul-us-immigration-system\">wrote\u003c/a>. “No country can sustain or survive such a vision.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Muratsuchi, chair of the Assembly Education Committee, said he was inspired to author AB 49 just after the election when he listened to the concerns of immigrant students in the political science class he teaches at El Camino Community College in Torrance.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“It became clear there was more and more fear among my students, not only for themselves but for their families. The fear of families being torn apart is very real,” Muratuschi said. “We want to send a strong message to our immigrant students that we’re going to do everything we can to protect them.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11958277\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 2000px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-full wp-image-11958277\" src=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2023/08/230815-IMMIGRATION-RALLY-AP-JC-KQED.jpg\" alt=\"People fill a plaza holding signs in front of a large ornate building.\" width=\"2000\" height=\"1397\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2023/08/230815-IMMIGRATION-RALLY-AP-JC-KQED.jpg 2000w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2023/08/230815-IMMIGRATION-RALLY-AP-JC-KQED-800x559.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2023/08/230815-IMMIGRATION-RALLY-AP-JC-KQED-1020x712.jpg 1020w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2023/08/230815-IMMIGRATION-RALLY-AP-JC-KQED-160x112.jpg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2023/08/230815-IMMIGRATION-RALLY-AP-JC-KQED-1536x1073.jpg 1536w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2023/08/230815-IMMIGRATION-RALLY-AP-JC-KQED-1920x1341.jpg 1920w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 2000px) 100vw, 2000px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Mercedes and Adan Meneses hold signs at a rally held by immigrant and union groups march to mark May Day and protest against President Donald Trump’s efforts to boost deportations at the San Francisco City Hall on May 1, 2017. \u003ccite>(Jeff Chiu/AP Photo)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003ch2>‘Too scared to speak up’\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>For most undocumented families, deportation would mean a plunging into poverty and, in many cases, violence. Nahomi, a high school senior in Fresno County whom CalMatters is identifying by her middle name because of her immigration status, described the threat of deportation as “a major worry for my family and I. Our lives could change completely in a blink of an eye.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Nahomi and her parents arrived in California in 2011 from the city of Culiacan in Sinaloa, Mexico, an area plagued by \u003ca href=\"https://mx.usembassy.gov/security-alert-ongoing-violence-and-security-concerns-in-culiacan-and-mazatlan-sinaloa-mexico/#:~:text=Culiacan%2C%20the%20Mazatlan%2DCuliacan%20highway,and%20operating%20in%20Sinaloa%20state.\">widespread violence\u003c/a>. They initially planned to stay until Sinaloa became safer, but once they settled in the Central Valley, they decided the risks of returning outweighed the risk of deportation, so they stayed. Nahomi’s father works in construction, and her mother is a homemaker, raising Nahomi and her younger sister.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>While she and her family fear deportation, Nahomi is not afraid to attend school. She said schools can help families know their rights and help children feel safe.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“I feel very welcomed and safe there,” she said. “It is a very diverse high school, and I just feel like any other student. … (But) a lot of these families are probably too scared to speak up about doubts they might have.”\u003c/p>\n\u003ch2>Politically unpopular?\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>Patricia Gándara, an education professor and co-director of the Civil Rights Project at UCLA, said the risk of federal agents arresting students at schools is probably small. It’s unclear how many children in K–12 schools are undocumented, but it’s probably a relatively small number, she said. In any case, immigration enforcement that affects children almost always sparks public outcry from both parties, she said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Some people might say they’re anti-immigrant, but it’s another thing entirely when the family up the street, whom they’ve known for 20 years, suddenly gets deported, or your kid’s best friend gets deported,” said Gandara, who’s studied the topic extensively. “It’s politically very unpopular.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Still, the proposed bills could send a powerful message that schools are safe places, she said. Immigration crackdowns can have a \u003ca href=\"https://siepr.stanford.edu/publications/policy-brief/how-strict-immigration-enforcement-harms-schoolchildren\">significant impact on student attendance\u003c/a>, a Stanford study found, which can lead to less funding for schools, particularly low-income schools that enroll large numbers of immigrant children.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Immigration crackdowns can also lead to an increase in bullying, anxiety and general uncertainty on campus, not just for immigrant children but for everyone, Gándara said. Teachers, in particular, experience high levels of stress when their students’ safety is endangered, she said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Schools can’t rely solely on state laws to protect immigrant families, though, she added. They should partner with local nonprofits to provide legal services and other support to families who need assistance, Gándara said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Schools are one of the last places immigrant families feel safe,” she said. “But as soon as (federal agents) move into schools, they’re not so safe any more. These bills say, ‘We’re not going to sit back and let this happen. Not all of government is against you.’”\u003c/p>\n\u003ch2>California ‘one of the best places to be’\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>Both bills are awaiting hearings in the Legislature. Tammy Lin, supervising attorney with the University of San Diego Immigration Clinic, expects California to continue to take steps to protect undocumented families, but political conflicts will be inevitable.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The incoming Trump administration is likely to battle California and other left-leaning states over immigration matters. Even within California, conflicts are likely to erupt between state leaders and those in more conservative regions or even between agencies in the same area. In San Diego County, for example, the Board of Supervisors ordered the sheriff’s office not to notify federal immigration officers when it releases suspected undocumented inmates from jail, but the \u003ca href=\"https://www.latimes.com/california/story/2024-12-18/san-diego-sheriff-and-county-spar-over-immigration\">sheriff refused to comply\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Lin also said she wouldn’t be surprised if there’s an attempt to overturn the Supreme Court ruling guaranteeing education to undocumented children, potentially paving the way for other immigrants’ rights to be reversed.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“It’s a slippery slope,” Lin said. “Immigrants know this, which is why there’s immense fear and uncertainty right now. But bills like these show that California is still one of the best places you can be.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cp>California public school students will get additional coursework on the harms of alcohol in 2025, thanks to a new law from a former lawmaker whose drunken driving arrest inspired her legislation.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In September, Gov. Gavin Newsom signed \u003ca href=\"https://digitaldemocracy.calmatters.org/bills/ca_202320240ab2865?slug=CA_202320240AB2865\">Assembly Bill 2865\u003c/a> by former Los Angeles Democratic Assemblymember \u003ca href=\"https://digitaldemocracy.calmatters.org/people/144588\">Wendy Carrillo\u003c/a>, whose DUI last year helped derail her political career.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>California schools are already required to provide instruction about alcohol, narcotics and other dangerous drugs. This bill \u003ca href=\"https://calmatters.org/politics/2024/06/ca-alcohol-harms-high-school/\">would require\u003c/a> that schools also provide instruction about the short- and long-term harms of excessive drinking — including alcohol’s link to chronic diseases, mental health problems and deaths.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>As she pitched her bill to her colleagues in 2024, Carrillo told them that it was important for students to learn about alcohol’s consequences in the hopes they don’t go down the path she did.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“I wish I would have known in high school what I know now,” she said at one hearing. “I would have made different choices.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>On Nov. 3, 2023, Carrillo crashed into parked cars in Northeast Los Angeles. Police said her blood-alcohol level was twice the legal limit, according to the \u003cem>Los Angeles Times\u003c/em>. She ended up pleading no contest to the DUI in the middle of her race for Los Angeles City Council, which she lost. Because she ran for city council, Carrillo left her Assembly seat this year.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Carrillo said her DUI was a wake up call for her. She said she started going to therapy and became sober. As she reflected on her life, she said her own struggles with booze began at an early age. And she was troubled by how prevalent alcohol is in society, despite its documented dangers.\u003c/p>\n\u003ch2>Alcohol is a national and global health issue\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>According to federal health officials, alcohol-related diseases kill 178,000 people in the U.S. each year, and death rates are increasing. Noting that alcohol causes at least seven types of cancer, including bowel and breast cancers, the World Health Organization last year declared that “when it comes to alcohol consumption, there is no safe amount.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Carrillo testified that 54 Californians die each day from alcohol.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“I want young people to learn early how something that is so legally and easily accessible can do so much harm if not consumed with more knowledge and more responsibility,” she told her colleagues.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Her bill passed without any lawmakers voting against it.\u003c/p>\n\u003ch2>What law will do\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>Under the new law, school boards can decide which grades receive the new instruction. They can ask the state for reimbursements for the costs of instruction, training and updates to instructional materials, said Nicholas Filipas, a spokesperson for the California Department of Education.[aside label=\"Related Stories\" postID=\"news_12013558,news_12019076,news_12013686\"]At the San Juan Unified School District in the Sacramento region, educators shouldn’t have trouble rolling the bill’s requirements into their schools’ curriculum, said Raj Rai, a spokesperson for the district, which educates about 39,000 students.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Alcohol education has been embedded into our high school health class curriculum for quite some time,” Rai said in an email. “Our curriculum team will review the currently adopted health materials to see if anything additional is needed to meet the new requirements.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The \u003ca href=\"https://www.sanjuan.edu/resources/student-support-services/prevention-programs/substance-use-prevention-education-supe\">district already has several programs\u003c/a> that teach students grades six through 12 about the harms of alcohol and drugs with the goal of reducing or eliminating teen substance abuse.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The district’s high schools also regularly participate in California’s Highway Patrol’s “Every 15 Minutes,” Rai said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The \u003ca href=\"https://www.chp.ca.gov/programs-services/programs/youth-programs/every-15-minutes\">CHP describes the program\u003c/a> as challenging teens to “think about drinking, driving, personal safety, the responsibility of making mature decisions and the impact their decisions have on family, friends, their community, and many others.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>California public school students will get additional coursework on the harms of alcohol in 2025, thanks to a new law from a former lawmaker whose drunken driving arrest inspired her legislation.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In September, Gov. Gavin Newsom signed \u003ca href=\"https://digitaldemocracy.calmatters.org/bills/ca_202320240ab2865?slug=CA_202320240AB2865\">Assembly Bill 2865\u003c/a> by former Los Angeles Democratic Assemblymember \u003ca href=\"https://digitaldemocracy.calmatters.org/people/144588\">Wendy Carrillo\u003c/a>, whose DUI last year helped derail her political career.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>California schools are already required to provide instruction about alcohol, narcotics and other dangerous drugs. This bill \u003ca href=\"https://calmatters.org/politics/2024/06/ca-alcohol-harms-high-school/\">would require\u003c/a> that schools also provide instruction about the short- and long-term harms of excessive drinking — including alcohol’s link to chronic diseases, mental health problems and deaths.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>As she pitched her bill to her colleagues in 2024, Carrillo told them that it was important for students to learn about alcohol’s consequences in the hopes they don’t go down the path she did.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“I wish I would have known in high school what I know now,” she said at one hearing. “I would have made different choices.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>On Nov. 3, 2023, Carrillo crashed into parked cars in Northeast Los Angeles. Police said her blood-alcohol level was twice the legal limit, according to the \u003cem>Los Angeles Times\u003c/em>. She ended up pleading no contest to the DUI in the middle of her race for Los Angeles City Council, which she lost. Because she ran for city council, Carrillo left her Assembly seat this year.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Carrillo said her DUI was a wake up call for her. She said she started going to therapy and became sober. As she reflected on her life, she said her own struggles with booze began at an early age. And she was troubled by how prevalent alcohol is in society, despite its documented dangers.\u003c/p>\n\u003ch2>Alcohol is a national and global health issue\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>According to federal health officials, alcohol-related diseases kill 178,000 people in the U.S. each year, and death rates are increasing. Noting that alcohol causes at least seven types of cancer, including bowel and breast cancers, the World Health Organization last year declared that “when it comes to alcohol consumption, there is no safe amount.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Carrillo testified that 54 Californians die each day from alcohol.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“I want young people to learn early how something that is so legally and easily accessible can do so much harm if not consumed with more knowledge and more responsibility,” she told her colleagues.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Her bill passed without any lawmakers voting against it.\u003c/p>\n\u003ch2>What law will do\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>Under the new law, school boards can decide which grades receive the new instruction. They can ask the state for reimbursements for the costs of instruction, training and updates to instructional materials, said Nicholas Filipas, a spokesperson for the California Department of Education.\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>At the San Juan Unified School District in the Sacramento region, educators shouldn’t have trouble rolling the bill’s requirements into their schools’ curriculum, said Raj Rai, a spokesperson for the district, which educates about 39,000 students.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Alcohol education has been embedded into our high school health class curriculum for quite some time,” Rai said in an email. “Our curriculum team will review the currently adopted health materials to see if anything additional is needed to meet the new requirements.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The \u003ca href=\"https://www.sanjuan.edu/resources/student-support-services/prevention-programs/substance-use-prevention-education-supe\">district already has several programs\u003c/a> that teach students grades six through 12 about the harms of alcohol and drugs with the goal of reducing or eliminating teen substance abuse.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The district’s high schools also regularly participate in California’s Highway Patrol’s “Every 15 Minutes,” Rai said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The \u003ca href=\"https://www.chp.ca.gov/programs-services/programs/youth-programs/every-15-minutes\">CHP describes the program\u003c/a> as challenging teens to “think about drinking, driving, personal safety, the responsibility of making mature decisions and the impact their decisions have on family, friends, their community, and many others.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>",
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"content": "\u003cp>Amid a flurry of recent school board policies aimed at the rights of transgender students, California passed a new law in July that prevents schools from requiring staff to notify parents if a student identifies as LGBTQ.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The new law, \u003ca href=\"https://digitaldemocracy.calmatters.org/bills/ca_202320240ab1955?slug=CA_202320240AB1955&_gl=1*x7e72b*_gcl_au*NzkyMjg5MTU1LjE3MzI3MzQ2Mzg.*_ga*MTg3NzMyNTU5Ny4xNzMyNzM0NjM5*_ga_5TKXNLE5NK*MTczNDk4MDc5MC44LjAuMTczNDk4MDk0NS4yMi4wLjA.*_ga_DX0K9PCWYH*MTczNDk4MDc5MC44LjAuMTczNDk4MDc5MC4wLjAuMA..*_ga_GNY4L81DZE*MTczNDk4MDc5MS44LjAuMTczNDk4MDc5MS4wLjAuMA..\">AB 1955\u003c/a>, came in response to a \u003ca href=\"https://calmatters.org/education/k-12-education/2023/08/culture-wars/\">handful of school boards\u003c/a> adopting policies that require teachers and other \u003ca href=\"https://calmatters.org/education/k-12-education/2024/07/trans-youth-california/\">school staff to notify parents\u003c/a> if a student identifies as a gender other than what’s on their school records.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Teachers can still talk to their parents,” Gov. Gavin Newsom said at a press conference on Monday in which he \u003ca href=\"https://calmatters.org/education/higher-education/2024/12/job-training/\">touted a new plan to improve career opportunities for adults\u003c/a>. “What they can’t do is fire a teacher for not being a snitch. I don’t think teachers should be gender police.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>LGBTQ advocates said that “forced outing” policies, such as those adopted in Chino, Temecula and a dozen other districts, infringe on students’ privacy and could potentially harm students whose parents disapprove of their identity.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The state sued to \u003ca href=\"https://calmatters.org/education/k-12-education/2023/08/culture-wars/\">stop Chino’s policy\u003c/a>, and most districts either scrapped their policies, tweaked the language or put them on hold.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>This act “could not be more timely or necessary, and LGBTQ+ students across California can breathe a sigh of relief,” Tony Hoang, executive director of Equality California, which advocates for LGBTQ rights, wrote. “LGBTQ+ youth can now have these important family conversations when they are ready and in ways that strengthen the relationship between parent and child, not as a result of extremist politicians intruding into the parent-child relationship.”\u003c/p>\n\u003ch2>‘The battle continues’\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>Opponents of the new law said that parental notification policies actually strengthen ties between students and parents, and schools should not withhold information on such important matters. Even though a parental notification measure that would have applied to all schools \u003ca href=\"https://calmatters.org/education/k-12-education/2024/07/trans-youth-california/\">failed to qualify for the ballot\u003c/a>, opponents vowed to keep fighting.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“This (law) doesn’t clarify anything. And nothing prevents individual teachers from bringing the issue up with parents,” said Roseville school board member Jonathan Zachreson, an organizer of the failed ballot measure and whose district was among those that passed parental notification policies. “So the battle continues.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The new law also requires the state Department of Education to update its \u003ca href=\"https://www.cde.ca.gov/ci/pl/supportlgbtq.asp\">LGBTQ resources\u003c/a> and encourage school districts to offer counseling, support groups, clubs, anti-bullying policies and other measures to support LGBTQ students and their families. Schools would have to pay for those services with their existing funding.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>LGBTQ young people are particularly vulnerable on school campuses. In a \u003ca href=\"https://www.thetrevorproject.org/survey-2024/\">recent survey\u003c/a> of 18,000 LGBTQ young people nationwide, nearly half said they had been bullied in the past year, and 10% said they had attempted suicide. Those whose schools supported LGBTQ rights were less likely to suffer from mental health challenges.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Even if the new law sparks a backlash in more conservative areas of the state, California was right to move forward with it, especially as some states push ahead with their own parental notification policies, said USC education professor Morgan Polikoff.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Will everyone like this law? Certainly not. Will it lead to conflict? There is no doubt,” Polikoff said. “But I am hopeful this will be good for the queer kids in California’s schools and will point the way toward similar efforts in other states.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>CalMatters’ Adam Echelman contributed to this story.\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>Amid a flurry of recent school board policies aimed at the rights of transgender students, California passed a new law in July that prevents schools from requiring staff to notify parents if a student identifies as LGBTQ.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The new law, \u003ca href=\"https://digitaldemocracy.calmatters.org/bills/ca_202320240ab1955?slug=CA_202320240AB1955&_gl=1*x7e72b*_gcl_au*NzkyMjg5MTU1LjE3MzI3MzQ2Mzg.*_ga*MTg3NzMyNTU5Ny4xNzMyNzM0NjM5*_ga_5TKXNLE5NK*MTczNDk4MDc5MC44LjAuMTczNDk4MDk0NS4yMi4wLjA.*_ga_DX0K9PCWYH*MTczNDk4MDc5MC44LjAuMTczNDk4MDc5MC4wLjAuMA..*_ga_GNY4L81DZE*MTczNDk4MDc5MS44LjAuMTczNDk4MDc5MS4wLjAuMA..\">AB 1955\u003c/a>, came in response to a \u003ca href=\"https://calmatters.org/education/k-12-education/2023/08/culture-wars/\">handful of school boards\u003c/a> adopting policies that require teachers and other \u003ca href=\"https://calmatters.org/education/k-12-education/2024/07/trans-youth-california/\">school staff to notify parents\u003c/a> if a student identifies as a gender other than what’s on their school records.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Teachers can still talk to their parents,” Gov. Gavin Newsom said at a press conference on Monday in which he \u003ca href=\"https://calmatters.org/education/higher-education/2024/12/job-training/\">touted a new plan to improve career opportunities for adults\u003c/a>. “What they can’t do is fire a teacher for not being a snitch. I don’t think teachers should be gender police.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>LGBTQ advocates said that “forced outing” policies, such as those adopted in Chino, Temecula and a dozen other districts, infringe on students’ privacy and could potentially harm students whose parents disapprove of their identity.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The state sued to \u003ca href=\"https://calmatters.org/education/k-12-education/2023/08/culture-wars/\">stop Chino’s policy\u003c/a>, and most districts either scrapped their policies, tweaked the language or put them on hold.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>This act “could not be more timely or necessary, and LGBTQ+ students across California can breathe a sigh of relief,” Tony Hoang, executive director of Equality California, which advocates for LGBTQ rights, wrote. “LGBTQ+ youth can now have these important family conversations when they are ready and in ways that strengthen the relationship between parent and child, not as a result of extremist politicians intruding into the parent-child relationship.”\u003c/p>\n\u003ch2>‘The battle continues’\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>Opponents of the new law said that parental notification policies actually strengthen ties between students and parents, and schools should not withhold information on such important matters. Even though a parental notification measure that would have applied to all schools \u003ca href=\"https://calmatters.org/education/k-12-education/2024/07/trans-youth-california/\">failed to qualify for the ballot\u003c/a>, opponents vowed to keep fighting.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“This (law) doesn’t clarify anything. And nothing prevents individual teachers from bringing the issue up with parents,” said Roseville school board member Jonathan Zachreson, an organizer of the failed ballot measure and whose district was among those that passed parental notification policies. “So the battle continues.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The new law also requires the state Department of Education to update its \u003ca href=\"https://www.cde.ca.gov/ci/pl/supportlgbtq.asp\">LGBTQ resources\u003c/a> and encourage school districts to offer counseling, support groups, clubs, anti-bullying policies and other measures to support LGBTQ students and their families. Schools would have to pay for those services with their existing funding.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>LGBTQ young people are particularly vulnerable on school campuses. In a \u003ca href=\"https://www.thetrevorproject.org/survey-2024/\">recent survey\u003c/a> of 18,000 LGBTQ young people nationwide, nearly half said they had been bullied in the past year, and 10% said they had attempted suicide. Those whose schools supported LGBTQ rights were less likely to suffer from mental health challenges.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Even if the new law sparks a backlash in more conservative areas of the state, California was right to move forward with it, especially as some states push ahead with their own parental notification policies, said USC education professor Morgan Polikoff.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Will everyone like this law? Certainly not. Will it lead to conflict? There is no doubt,” Polikoff said. “But I am hopeful this will be good for the queer kids in California’s schools and will point the way toward similar efforts in other states.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>CalMatters’ Adam Echelman contributed to this story.\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>",
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"title": "Not All California Schools Get the Same Civics Lessons. Here's Why",
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"content": "\u003cp>At some high schools in California, civics is everywhere. It’s part of science and history classes. It’s after school at student council and newspaper meetings. It even happens outside of school, on field trips to the Capitol and volunteer projects in the community. And after four years, it’s recognized with a gold seal on students’ diplomas.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But most California high school students don’t have those opportunities. Lower-income students and those in politically mixed — or “purple” — areas where parent pushback is more common often miss out on a comprehensive education on how government works and why it matters. \u003ca href=\"https://www.pewresearch.org/politics/2023/07/12/voter-turnout-2018-2022/\">Voter turnout\u003c/a> among adults nationwide might reflect that disparity in civic engagement, although there are many factors that influence people’s decision to vote and be civically engaged.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The stakes are high, as \u003ca href=\"https://sps.columbia.edu/news/real-impact-fake-news-rise-political-misinformation-and-how-we-can-combat-its-influence\">misinformation\u003c/a> and \u003ca href=\"https://www.cde.ca.gov/be/cc/rd/index.asp\">mistrust in government\u003c/a> are on the rise, and the country reflects on a particularly divisive election season.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“At a time when we need civics the most, it’s become harder to deliver for everyone,” said Joseph Kahne, an education professor at UC Riverside who’s extensively studied civics education in California.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>All high school students in California are required to take a one-semester government course to graduate. But there’s wide variation in how schools teach that class. For example, some of those classes include hands-on projects that show how the Constitution is relevant today, while others adhere to dry textbook material that’s less engaging.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Many lower-income students don’t have access to extracurricular activities, the backbone of civics education outside the classroom. Schools that mostly serve lower-income students are \u003ca href=\"https://www.rand.org/pubs/commentary/2024/03/many-high-schools-across-the-united-states-offer-limited.html\">less likely to have those activities\u003c/a> because they typically require resources like a faculty advisor or money for materials. Nearly 60% of wealthier schools, for example, have a student news outlet, while only 39% of lower-income schools do, \u003ca href=\"https://www.rand.org/pubs/commentary/2024/03/many-high-schools-across-the-united-states-offer-limited.html\">RAND found\u003c/a>. Eighty-five percent of wealthier schools have a student council, but only 73% of lower-income schools do.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Even at wealthier schools, there’s a disparity in who participates. Lower-income students tend to have after-school jobs or family obligations, so they can’t take advantage of the same opportunities as their wealthier classmates.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Civics education needs to be woven into the existing school day, in all subjects, so it’s accessible to all students,” said Michelle Herczog, program director of Californians for Civic Learning, which promotes civic education for all grades. “That’s the only way to make it equitable.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The inequities are reflected in adults’ rates of civic engagement nationwide. Americans from both parties who are financially secure are \u003ca href=\"https://www.urban.org/urban-wire/civic-engagement-higher-among-americans-who-are-financially-secure#:~:text=In%20a%20nationally%20representative%20survey,those%20who%20are%20financially%20insecure.\">more likely to vote, volunteer\u003c/a>, trust election results and support democracy, according to the Urban Institute. Latinos are especially affected. According to the Latino Policy and Politics Institute at UCLA, Latinos have the lowest voter registration rate of any ethnic group.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“We know that some groups of people are less likely to be civically engaged. It isn’t fair to have your voice not heard,” Kahne said.\u003c/p>\n\u003ch2>Empathy and activism in San Lorenzo\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>Some schools that serve low-income students have embraced civics education even without a surplus of funding. Students in Judy Smith’s civics classes at San Lorenzo High in the East Bay spend their days delving into issues they care about: homelessness, air pollution, police brutality, drug abuse and other topics.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>After spending a few weeks learning the nuts-and-bolts of government and democracy, students pick their research topics and set about their plans for addressing the issues. They grill politicians, survey their classmates, write letters to government officials and present their findings to the community.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>On a recent morning, students were busy debating the subtleties of various policies, and poring over survey results. In a week they were scheduled to make their presentations in the school library, and Smith encouraged them to wear professional attire for the occasion.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Armando Espinoza, a senior, said the class has been life-changing. His group was looking into gun violence and its impact on young people, exploring existing laws and legal failures to restrict firearms, especially ghost guns.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“At the beginning of the year, it was like, oh, this is just for a grade,” he said. “But as I started learning more, I got engaged in how this problem affects our community. No teenager should have to live through a shooting. For me, it’s been empowering.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_12019090\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 1200px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-full wp-image-12019090\" src=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/12/120324_CivicsClass_FM_CM_2.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"1200\" height=\"800\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/12/120324_CivicsClass_FM_CM_2.jpg 1200w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/12/120324_CivicsClass_FM_CM_2-800x533.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/12/120324_CivicsClass_FM_CM_2-1020x680.jpg 1020w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/12/120324_CivicsClass_FM_CM_2-160x107.jpg 160w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 1200px) 100vw, 1200px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">A student works on their storyboard about gun violence, during government and economics teacher Judy Smith’s 3rd period government class at San Lorenzo High School in San Lorenzo on Dec. 3, 2024. \u003ccite>(Florence Middleton for CalMatters)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>His classmate Moniba Hussain said she chose the topic because gun violence is what drove her family from Oakland to the quiet, working-class community of San Lorenzo. Talking to politicians and debating laws with her classmates brought the issue into focus.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“We learn that it could be us someday, affected by a shooting,” Hussain said. “This class has pushed us to be more passionate about issues in our community. We learn how issues affect people. We learn empathy.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>She was so inspired by the class, in fact, she’s decided to become a lawyer.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Meanwhile, another group of students was researching domestic violence against immigrant women, an issue that resonates in a community where more than a third of families are immigrants. Surveying more than 120 classmates, the students learned that 59% had either been a victim of domestic violence or knew someone who was, yet very few knew that there was help available for women who need it.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>That told them that outreach needed improvement.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Women need to know there’s support for them, that they won’t be deported,” said senior Shary Cetino. “But what we learned is that there really needs to be more outreach and awareness. That’s what we’re hoping for.”\u003c/p>\n\u003ch2>Pushback from parents\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>For students in politically mixed areas of California, the obstacle isn’t money — it’s often parents. Purple areas tend to see more political conflicts, \u003ca href=\"https://calmatters.org/education/k-12-education/2024/07/trans-youth-california/\">which often play out at schools\u003c/a> in the form of parental protests over “woke” curriculum, trans students’ rights or so-called culture war issues. In a 2023 RAND survey, two-thirds of teachers nationwide said they limit discussions of politics and social issues in the classroom for fear of being attacked by parents and not supported by their administrators.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Among some parents, on the left and right, there’s a fear that civics education includes indoctrination,” said Keri Doggett, vice president of Teach Democracy, which promotes civic education. “Both Democrats and Republicans support civics education. So it’s important, now maybe more than ever, to provide a balanced point of view with multiple perspectives so students can reach their own conclusions.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Shawn Healy, senior policy director at the nonprofit iCivics, which provides civics curriculum, said that declining trust in institutions is at the crux of the debate. Why teach about elections, for example, if elections are rigged? But civics education “is not about teaching blind allegiance to these institutions,” he said, “It’s about improving these institutions.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_12019096\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 1200px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-full wp-image-12019096\" src=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/12/120324_CivicsClass_FM_CM_3.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"1200\" height=\"800\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/12/120324_CivicsClass_FM_CM_3.jpg 1200w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/12/120324_CivicsClass_FM_CM_3-800x533.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/12/120324_CivicsClass_FM_CM_3-1020x680.jpg 1020w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/12/120324_CivicsClass_FM_CM_3-160x107.jpg 160w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 1200px) 100vw, 1200px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">San Lorenzo High School teacher Judy Smith teaches her 3rd period government class in San Lorenzo on Dec. 3, 2024, as they develop civic action infographics on topics ranging from gun violence to vaping. \u003ccite>(Florence Middleton for CalMatters)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>“That’s what makes this work difficult,” Healy added. “There’s a sense that there’s a political agenda, that schools are trying to lead students in one direction or another. The reaction has been to pull back.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Addressing controversial issues in class is a core part of civics education, Healy said. It’s how students learn to articulate their viewpoints about important issues, listen to those they don’t agree with and even occasionally change their minds. Avoiding classroom debates is “educational malpractice,” he said.\u003c/p>\n\u003ch2>Giving students a voice\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>At Sierra Vista Middle School in Covina in the San Gabriel Valley, social studies teacher Sheila Edwards has been able to minimize pushback from parents by inviting them into the classroom, sharing lesson plans and generally being transparent about what happens in the classroom.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Edwards leads her classes in monthly “civil dialogues,” where students study multiple sides of an issue, such as Supreme Court rulings or the practice of reciting the Pledge of Allegiance in school, and then debate their viewpoints. The general rules, created by students, are that speakers should be polite, attack ideas and not people, and not monopolize the discussion.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“When students create their own guidelines and lead the conversations, I’ve found that they really buy into it,” Edwards said. “When you give them a voice, they will use it.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_12019102\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 1200px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-full wp-image-12019102\" src=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/12/120324_CivicsClass_FM_CM_4.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"1200\" height=\"800\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/12/120324_CivicsClass_FM_CM_4.jpg 1200w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/12/120324_CivicsClass_FM_CM_4-800x533.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/12/120324_CivicsClass_FM_CM_4-1020x680.jpg 1020w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/12/120324_CivicsClass_FM_CM_4-160x107.jpg 160w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 1200px) 100vw, 1200px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Posters on the wall in the classroom of government and economics teacher, Judy Smith, at San Lorenzo High School in San Lorenzo on Dec. 3, 2024. Smith challenges her students to do innovative civic engagement projects like interviewing local politicians about social issues and creating civic action infographics. \u003ccite>(Florence Middleton for CalMatters)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>As an adviser for the National Constitution Center, a national civics education organization, Edwards has trained hundreds of teachers to lead class discussions of contentious issues. She advises teachers to stick to the facts, whether it’s curriculum standards or primary sources like party platforms or the Declaration of Independence, rather than focus on individuals. If a student says they like a politician, for example, she asks them to talk about specific issues instead of their support for the person generally.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Still, it’s always dicey discussing issues like gun control or LGBTQ rights in classrooms, she said, especially in conservative areas. She often hears from teachers who feel beleaguered because of pushback from parents.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“It’s a hard time to be a teacher, social studies teachers in particular,” said Edwards, who’s been a teacher for three decades. “We are on the hot seat. But I like to think of it as an opportunity.”\u003c/p>\n\u003ch2>Struggles in California\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>Nationwide, 24 states have strengthened their civics education programs in the past few years, and the federal government has quadrupled its grant money for civics education in the last decade.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The picture in California is less rosy.[aside tag='education' label='More Education Coverage']Five years ago, California adopted a “seal of civic engagement” for high school students as an incentive for schools to beef up their civics programs. Modeled on the state’s popular seal of biliteracy, the civics seal allows students to receive a badge on their diplomas indicating that they understand how government and citizenship works, and have researched and taken action on a problem that affects their community. The seal is meant to make the student more competitive on college and job applications.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But last year, just 2% — or 11,000 — of graduating seniors \u003ca href=\"https://www.cde.ca.gov/ci/pl/hssstateseal.asp\">received a seal\u003c/a>. Only 86 districts, out of 1,000, participated. The state paperwork is fairly simple, Herczog said, but money and potential backlash from parents is often a deterrent. Although there are plenty of free and low-cost options available, some hands-on civics projects cost money, whether it’s for teacher training or for hiring a bus to take students to the capitol, and districts are reluctant to commit to new expenses.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Who wouldn’t love getting a seal on their diploma? Students love it, but sometimes it comes down to district leadership,” Herczog said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_12019107\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 1200px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-full wp-image-12019107\" src=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/12/120324_CivicsClass_FM_CM_5.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"1200\" height=\"800\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/12/120324_CivicsClass_FM_CM_5.jpg 1200w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/12/120324_CivicsClass_FM_CM_5-800x533.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/12/120324_CivicsClass_FM_CM_5-1020x680.jpg 1020w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/12/120324_CivicsClass_FM_CM_5-160x107.jpg 160w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 1200px) 100vw, 1200px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Paloma Esqueda and her classmates work on developing a storyboard to plan their civic action infographic during government and economics teacher Judy Smith’s 3rd period government class at San Lorenzo High School in San Lorenzo on Dec. 3, 2024. \u003ccite>(Florence Middleton for CalMatters)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>In addition, a number of bills to strengthen civic engagement have failed in recent years. One would have \u003ca href=\"https://digitaldemocracy.calmatters.org/bills/ca_202320240ab1520?_gl=1*es1vus*_gcl_au*Nzk3MzE2MDMuMTczMTAyMjU2Mg..*_ga*Mjk2NjI4MjAxLjE3MzEwMjI1NjI.*_ga_5TKXNLE5NK*MTczNDYzOTk0OC4yNC4xLjE3MzQ2NDExMzQuMzIuMC4w*_ga_DX0K9PCWYH*MTczNDYzOTk0OC4yNC4xLjE3MzQ2NDA1MTQuMC4wLjA.*_ga_GNY4L81DZE*MTczNDYzOTk0OC4yNC4xLjE3MzQ2NDA1MTQuMC4wLjA.\">created a new position\u003c/a> at the California Department of Education to help school districts build their seal of civic engagement programs. Another would have required schools to offer \u003ca href=\"https://digitaldemocracy.calmatters.org/bills/ca_202320240sb1094?_gl=1*es1vus*_gcl_au*Nzk3MzE2MDMuMTczMTAyMjU2Mg..*_ga*Mjk2NjI4MjAxLjE3MzEwMjI1NjI.*_ga_5TKXNLE5NK*MTczNDYzOTk0OC4yNC4xLjE3MzQ2NDExMzQuMzIuMC4w*_ga_DX0K9PCWYH*MTczNDYzOTk0OC4yNC4xLjE3MzQ2NDA1MTQuMC4wLjA.*_ga_GNY4L81DZE*MTczNDYzOTk0OC4yNC4xLjE3MzQ2NDA1MTQuMC4wLjA.\">hands-on civics projects\u003c/a> to complement their textbook lessons, beginning in elementary school. Both bills died in the Assembly Appropriations Committee.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“California absolutely has a ways to go,” Healy said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Change might be tough to come by. While some states teach civics as a year-long course, that’s not likely to happen in California because students’ schedules are so packed with other requirements. Anything that requires money, even if it’s minimal, is likely to face opposition in the \u003ca href=\"https://calmatters.org/politics/capitol/2024/11/california-budget-deficit-legislative-analyst/\">current budget climate\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But advocates need to persist, Herczog said, because there’s a lot at stake.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“The future of our democracy is threatened if civic education is not made a priority,” she said. “But it takes wisdom and bold leadership to make it happen.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Smith, the San Lorenzo High civics teacher, started including hands-on projects in her civics class 15 years ago, but expanded it to include \u003ca href=\"https://calmatters.org/education/k-12-education/2023/11/fake-news-california-school/\">media literacy\u003c/a> recently when she noticed the rise of misinformation on social media and in public discourse. She wanted her students to understand how to research issues they care about, and know how to lobby for change.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“I get lots of help, but it’s extra work and I do have high standards for the students. I want them to push themselves,” Smith said. “There are so many skills they need to be effective participants in our democracy. My hope is that this class plants the seeds.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad floatright]\u003c/p>\n",
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"headline": "Not All California Schools Get the Same Civics Lessons. Here's Why",
"datePublished": "2024-12-21T06:00:10-08:00",
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"nprByline": "\u003ca href=\"https://calmatters.org/author/carolyn-jones/\">Carolyn Jones\u003c/a>, CalMatters",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>At some high schools in California, civics is everywhere. It’s part of science and history classes. It’s after school at student council and newspaper meetings. It even happens outside of school, on field trips to the Capitol and volunteer projects in the community. And after four years, it’s recognized with a gold seal on students’ diplomas.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But most California high school students don’t have those opportunities. Lower-income students and those in politically mixed — or “purple” — areas where parent pushback is more common often miss out on a comprehensive education on how government works and why it matters. \u003ca href=\"https://www.pewresearch.org/politics/2023/07/12/voter-turnout-2018-2022/\">Voter turnout\u003c/a> among adults nationwide might reflect that disparity in civic engagement, although there are many factors that influence people’s decision to vote and be civically engaged.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The stakes are high, as \u003ca href=\"https://sps.columbia.edu/news/real-impact-fake-news-rise-political-misinformation-and-how-we-can-combat-its-influence\">misinformation\u003c/a> and \u003ca href=\"https://www.cde.ca.gov/be/cc/rd/index.asp\">mistrust in government\u003c/a> are on the rise, and the country reflects on a particularly divisive election season.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“At a time when we need civics the most, it’s become harder to deliver for everyone,” said Joseph Kahne, an education professor at UC Riverside who’s extensively studied civics education in California.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>All high school students in California are required to take a one-semester government course to graduate. But there’s wide variation in how schools teach that class. For example, some of those classes include hands-on projects that show how the Constitution is relevant today, while others adhere to dry textbook material that’s less engaging.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Many lower-income students don’t have access to extracurricular activities, the backbone of civics education outside the classroom. Schools that mostly serve lower-income students are \u003ca href=\"https://www.rand.org/pubs/commentary/2024/03/many-high-schools-across-the-united-states-offer-limited.html\">less likely to have those activities\u003c/a> because they typically require resources like a faculty advisor or money for materials. Nearly 60% of wealthier schools, for example, have a student news outlet, while only 39% of lower-income schools do, \u003ca href=\"https://www.rand.org/pubs/commentary/2024/03/many-high-schools-across-the-united-states-offer-limited.html\">RAND found\u003c/a>. Eighty-five percent of wealthier schools have a student council, but only 73% of lower-income schools do.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Even at wealthier schools, there’s a disparity in who participates. Lower-income students tend to have after-school jobs or family obligations, so they can’t take advantage of the same opportunities as their wealthier classmates.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Civics education needs to be woven into the existing school day, in all subjects, so it’s accessible to all students,” said Michelle Herczog, program director of Californians for Civic Learning, which promotes civic education for all grades. “That’s the only way to make it equitable.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The inequities are reflected in adults’ rates of civic engagement nationwide. Americans from both parties who are financially secure are \u003ca href=\"https://www.urban.org/urban-wire/civic-engagement-higher-among-americans-who-are-financially-secure#:~:text=In%20a%20nationally%20representative%20survey,those%20who%20are%20financially%20insecure.\">more likely to vote, volunteer\u003c/a>, trust election results and support democracy, according to the Urban Institute. Latinos are especially affected. According to the Latino Policy and Politics Institute at UCLA, Latinos have the lowest voter registration rate of any ethnic group.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“We know that some groups of people are less likely to be civically engaged. It isn’t fair to have your voice not heard,” Kahne said.\u003c/p>\n\u003ch2>Empathy and activism in San Lorenzo\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>Some schools that serve low-income students have embraced civics education even without a surplus of funding. Students in Judy Smith’s civics classes at San Lorenzo High in the East Bay spend their days delving into issues they care about: homelessness, air pollution, police brutality, drug abuse and other topics.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>After spending a few weeks learning the nuts-and-bolts of government and democracy, students pick their research topics and set about their plans for addressing the issues. They grill politicians, survey their classmates, write letters to government officials and present their findings to the community.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>On a recent morning, students were busy debating the subtleties of various policies, and poring over survey results. In a week they were scheduled to make their presentations in the school library, and Smith encouraged them to wear professional attire for the occasion.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Armando Espinoza, a senior, said the class has been life-changing. His group was looking into gun violence and its impact on young people, exploring existing laws and legal failures to restrict firearms, especially ghost guns.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“At the beginning of the year, it was like, oh, this is just for a grade,” he said. “But as I started learning more, I got engaged in how this problem affects our community. No teenager should have to live through a shooting. For me, it’s been empowering.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_12019090\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 1200px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-full wp-image-12019090\" src=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/12/120324_CivicsClass_FM_CM_2.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"1200\" height=\"800\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/12/120324_CivicsClass_FM_CM_2.jpg 1200w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/12/120324_CivicsClass_FM_CM_2-800x533.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/12/120324_CivicsClass_FM_CM_2-1020x680.jpg 1020w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/12/120324_CivicsClass_FM_CM_2-160x107.jpg 160w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 1200px) 100vw, 1200px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">A student works on their storyboard about gun violence, during government and economics teacher Judy Smith’s 3rd period government class at San Lorenzo High School in San Lorenzo on Dec. 3, 2024. \u003ccite>(Florence Middleton for CalMatters)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>His classmate Moniba Hussain said she chose the topic because gun violence is what drove her family from Oakland to the quiet, working-class community of San Lorenzo. Talking to politicians and debating laws with her classmates brought the issue into focus.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“We learn that it could be us someday, affected by a shooting,” Hussain said. “This class has pushed us to be more passionate about issues in our community. We learn how issues affect people. We learn empathy.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>She was so inspired by the class, in fact, she’s decided to become a lawyer.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Meanwhile, another group of students was researching domestic violence against immigrant women, an issue that resonates in a community where more than a third of families are immigrants. Surveying more than 120 classmates, the students learned that 59% had either been a victim of domestic violence or knew someone who was, yet very few knew that there was help available for women who need it.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>That told them that outreach needed improvement.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Women need to know there’s support for them, that they won’t be deported,” said senior Shary Cetino. “But what we learned is that there really needs to be more outreach and awareness. That’s what we’re hoping for.”\u003c/p>\n\u003ch2>Pushback from parents\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>For students in politically mixed areas of California, the obstacle isn’t money — it’s often parents. Purple areas tend to see more political conflicts, \u003ca href=\"https://calmatters.org/education/k-12-education/2024/07/trans-youth-california/\">which often play out at schools\u003c/a> in the form of parental protests over “woke” curriculum, trans students’ rights or so-called culture war issues. In a 2023 RAND survey, two-thirds of teachers nationwide said they limit discussions of politics and social issues in the classroom for fear of being attacked by parents and not supported by their administrators.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Among some parents, on the left and right, there’s a fear that civics education includes indoctrination,” said Keri Doggett, vice president of Teach Democracy, which promotes civic education. “Both Democrats and Republicans support civics education. So it’s important, now maybe more than ever, to provide a balanced point of view with multiple perspectives so students can reach their own conclusions.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Shawn Healy, senior policy director at the nonprofit iCivics, which provides civics curriculum, said that declining trust in institutions is at the crux of the debate. Why teach about elections, for example, if elections are rigged? But civics education “is not about teaching blind allegiance to these institutions,” he said, “It’s about improving these institutions.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_12019096\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 1200px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-full wp-image-12019096\" src=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/12/120324_CivicsClass_FM_CM_3.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"1200\" height=\"800\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/12/120324_CivicsClass_FM_CM_3.jpg 1200w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/12/120324_CivicsClass_FM_CM_3-800x533.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/12/120324_CivicsClass_FM_CM_3-1020x680.jpg 1020w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/12/120324_CivicsClass_FM_CM_3-160x107.jpg 160w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 1200px) 100vw, 1200px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">San Lorenzo High School teacher Judy Smith teaches her 3rd period government class in San Lorenzo on Dec. 3, 2024, as they develop civic action infographics on topics ranging from gun violence to vaping. \u003ccite>(Florence Middleton for CalMatters)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>“That’s what makes this work difficult,” Healy added. “There’s a sense that there’s a political agenda, that schools are trying to lead students in one direction or another. The reaction has been to pull back.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Addressing controversial issues in class is a core part of civics education, Healy said. It’s how students learn to articulate their viewpoints about important issues, listen to those they don’t agree with and even occasionally change their minds. Avoiding classroom debates is “educational malpractice,” he said.\u003c/p>\n\u003ch2>Giving students a voice\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>At Sierra Vista Middle School in Covina in the San Gabriel Valley, social studies teacher Sheila Edwards has been able to minimize pushback from parents by inviting them into the classroom, sharing lesson plans and generally being transparent about what happens in the classroom.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Edwards leads her classes in monthly “civil dialogues,” where students study multiple sides of an issue, such as Supreme Court rulings or the practice of reciting the Pledge of Allegiance in school, and then debate their viewpoints. The general rules, created by students, are that speakers should be polite, attack ideas and not people, and not monopolize the discussion.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“When students create their own guidelines and lead the conversations, I’ve found that they really buy into it,” Edwards said. “When you give them a voice, they will use it.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_12019102\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 1200px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-full wp-image-12019102\" src=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/12/120324_CivicsClass_FM_CM_4.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"1200\" height=\"800\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/12/120324_CivicsClass_FM_CM_4.jpg 1200w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/12/120324_CivicsClass_FM_CM_4-800x533.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/12/120324_CivicsClass_FM_CM_4-1020x680.jpg 1020w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/12/120324_CivicsClass_FM_CM_4-160x107.jpg 160w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 1200px) 100vw, 1200px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Posters on the wall in the classroom of government and economics teacher, Judy Smith, at San Lorenzo High School in San Lorenzo on Dec. 3, 2024. Smith challenges her students to do innovative civic engagement projects like interviewing local politicians about social issues and creating civic action infographics. \u003ccite>(Florence Middleton for CalMatters)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>As an adviser for the National Constitution Center, a national civics education organization, Edwards has trained hundreds of teachers to lead class discussions of contentious issues. She advises teachers to stick to the facts, whether it’s curriculum standards or primary sources like party platforms or the Declaration of Independence, rather than focus on individuals. If a student says they like a politician, for example, she asks them to talk about specific issues instead of their support for the person generally.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Still, it’s always dicey discussing issues like gun control or LGBTQ rights in classrooms, she said, especially in conservative areas. She often hears from teachers who feel beleaguered because of pushback from parents.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“It’s a hard time to be a teacher, social studies teachers in particular,” said Edwards, who’s been a teacher for three decades. “We are on the hot seat. But I like to think of it as an opportunity.”\u003c/p>\n\u003ch2>Struggles in California\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>Nationwide, 24 states have strengthened their civics education programs in the past few years, and the federal government has quadrupled its grant money for civics education in the last decade.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The picture in California is less rosy.\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>Five years ago, California adopted a “seal of civic engagement” for high school students as an incentive for schools to beef up their civics programs. Modeled on the state’s popular seal of biliteracy, the civics seal allows students to receive a badge on their diplomas indicating that they understand how government and citizenship works, and have researched and taken action on a problem that affects their community. The seal is meant to make the student more competitive on college and job applications.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But last year, just 2% — or 11,000 — of graduating seniors \u003ca href=\"https://www.cde.ca.gov/ci/pl/hssstateseal.asp\">received a seal\u003c/a>. Only 86 districts, out of 1,000, participated. The state paperwork is fairly simple, Herczog said, but money and potential backlash from parents is often a deterrent. Although there are plenty of free and low-cost options available, some hands-on civics projects cost money, whether it’s for teacher training or for hiring a bus to take students to the capitol, and districts are reluctant to commit to new expenses.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Who wouldn’t love getting a seal on their diploma? Students love it, but sometimes it comes down to district leadership,” Herczog said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_12019107\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 1200px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-full wp-image-12019107\" src=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/12/120324_CivicsClass_FM_CM_5.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"1200\" height=\"800\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/12/120324_CivicsClass_FM_CM_5.jpg 1200w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/12/120324_CivicsClass_FM_CM_5-800x533.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/12/120324_CivicsClass_FM_CM_5-1020x680.jpg 1020w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/12/120324_CivicsClass_FM_CM_5-160x107.jpg 160w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 1200px) 100vw, 1200px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Paloma Esqueda and her classmates work on developing a storyboard to plan their civic action infographic during government and economics teacher Judy Smith’s 3rd period government class at San Lorenzo High School in San Lorenzo on Dec. 3, 2024. \u003ccite>(Florence Middleton for CalMatters)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>In addition, a number of bills to strengthen civic engagement have failed in recent years. One would have \u003ca href=\"https://digitaldemocracy.calmatters.org/bills/ca_202320240ab1520?_gl=1*es1vus*_gcl_au*Nzk3MzE2MDMuMTczMTAyMjU2Mg..*_ga*Mjk2NjI4MjAxLjE3MzEwMjI1NjI.*_ga_5TKXNLE5NK*MTczNDYzOTk0OC4yNC4xLjE3MzQ2NDExMzQuMzIuMC4w*_ga_DX0K9PCWYH*MTczNDYzOTk0OC4yNC4xLjE3MzQ2NDA1MTQuMC4wLjA.*_ga_GNY4L81DZE*MTczNDYzOTk0OC4yNC4xLjE3MzQ2NDA1MTQuMC4wLjA.\">created a new position\u003c/a> at the California Department of Education to help school districts build their seal of civic engagement programs. Another would have required schools to offer \u003ca href=\"https://digitaldemocracy.calmatters.org/bills/ca_202320240sb1094?_gl=1*es1vus*_gcl_au*Nzk3MzE2MDMuMTczMTAyMjU2Mg..*_ga*Mjk2NjI4MjAxLjE3MzEwMjI1NjI.*_ga_5TKXNLE5NK*MTczNDYzOTk0OC4yNC4xLjE3MzQ2NDExMzQuMzIuMC4w*_ga_DX0K9PCWYH*MTczNDYzOTk0OC4yNC4xLjE3MzQ2NDA1MTQuMC4wLjA.*_ga_GNY4L81DZE*MTczNDYzOTk0OC4yNC4xLjE3MzQ2NDA1MTQuMC4wLjA.\">hands-on civics projects\u003c/a> to complement their textbook lessons, beginning in elementary school. Both bills died in the Assembly Appropriations Committee.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“California absolutely has a ways to go,” Healy said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Change might be tough to come by. While some states teach civics as a year-long course, that’s not likely to happen in California because students’ schedules are so packed with other requirements. Anything that requires money, even if it’s minimal, is likely to face opposition in the \u003ca href=\"https://calmatters.org/politics/capitol/2024/11/california-budget-deficit-legislative-analyst/\">current budget climate\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But advocates need to persist, Herczog said, because there’s a lot at stake.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“The future of our democracy is threatened if civic education is not made a priority,” she said. “But it takes wisdom and bold leadership to make it happen.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Smith, the San Lorenzo High civics teacher, started including hands-on projects in her civics class 15 years ago, but expanded it to include \u003ca href=\"https://calmatters.org/education/k-12-education/2023/11/fake-news-california-school/\">media literacy\u003c/a> recently when she noticed the rise of misinformation on social media and in public discourse. She wanted her students to understand how to research issues they care about, and know how to lobby for change.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“I get lots of help, but it’s extra work and I do have high standards for the students. I want them to push themselves,” Smith said. “There are so many skills they need to be effective participants in our democracy. My hope is that this class plants the seeds.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"title": "No More Grades in Community College? Skills Take Center Stage in New Learning Model",
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"headTitle": "No More Grades in Community College? Skills Take Center Stage in New Learning Model | KQED",
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"content": "\u003cp>California’s community colleges are experimenting with a radical new model of education, but some professors are pushing back. Faculty at Madera Community College have become the most vocal opposition, though issues with the new education model have popped up across the state.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In the new model, known as competency-based education, \u003ca href=\"https://calmatters.org/education/higher-education/2023/09/california-community-colleges-3/\">students don’t receive grades, and they don’t have to attend class\u003c/a>. They learn at their own pace and can finish the course whenever they can prove that they’ve mastered the requisite skill or “competency.” Advocates, including Gov. Gavin Newsom, have called for \u003ca href=\"https://www.gov.ca.gov/wp-content/uploads/2023/08/8.31.23-Career-Education-Executive-Order.pdf\">more competency-based learning\u003c/a>, saying that it’s an opportunity to help employers and get older adults who lack a college degree back to school. Similar models already \u003ca href=\"https://calmatters.org/education/higher-education/2023/09/community-colleges/\">exist in other states\u003c/a>, at Calbright College, the state’s all-online community college, and at many private and for-profit institutions.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Starting these programs isn’t easy. In many cases, it means changing a college’s accreditation, its employee contracts, and its financial aid system. Those changes require faculty input, and some professors say it’s too much, too soon.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In 2021, California lawmakers approved more than $4 million to expand the competency-based model to eight community colleges, including Madera Community College, by the 2024-25 academic year.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In \u003ca href=\"https://calmatters.org/wp-content/uploads/2023/08/CBE-Resolution-adopted-08.25.23.pdf\">a resolution (PDF)\u003c/a> last year, the Madera Community College Academic Senate said it was “deeply concerned” about the new model after pointing out problems with the volume of work it requires and alleging that faculty weren’t part of the decision-making. The program has been on pause ever since, Madera Community College President Angel Reyna said. This spring, the faculty group, which determines academic matters for the campus, said it wants the school to \u003ca href=\"https://calmatters.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/12/8-MCC-Academic-Senate-statement-regarding-continued-CBE-efforts.pdf\">withdraw from the experiment altogether (PDF)\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>These faculty members have stoked the ire of the college’s leadership, members of the town’s business community, the former mayor of Madera, Santos Garcia, and Madera County Supervisor Leticia Gonzalez, who all defended the program \u003ca href=\"https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=OxVP2bkF0Rc&t=2928s\">at a public meeting\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Last month, the state approved another influx of cash to each of the colleges participating in the skills-based program, putting the total budget at nearly $9 million. Initially, all eight colleges planned to begin offering new coursework by the 2024-25 academic year, but the state granted an extension until the end of 2027 since only one school, Coastline College in Orange County, is poised to meet that initial deadline.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Speaking broadly of the program, Melissa Villarin, a spokesperson for the California Community Colleges Chancellor’s Office, said, “There were a couple of delays in meeting our self-imposed deadlines” and pointed to challenges with accreditation and financial aid. Madera Community College is “making progress…albeit at a slower pace,” she said. Madera Community College was the only college not to receive an additional award last month, but Villarin said that it will still be eligible for the money in the future.\u003c/p>\n\u003ch2>A vote of ‘no confidence’\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>The new program at Madera Community College will focus on one major, business administration, and enroll just a handful of students. Compared to the school’s total enrollment — more than 10,000 this academic year — it’s a drop in the bucket.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But for faculty, it’s an existential threat. They say competency-based education has created an overwhelming amount of work for some faculty — who are largely responsible for designing the new curricula — and they worry the model is so different that it could be hard for certain employers or four-year universities to interpret, according to\u003ca href=\"https://calmatters.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/12/7-MCC_AS_Special_Meeting_Minutes_4.5.24.pdf\"> statements (PDF)\u003c/a> made by members of the Madera Community College Academic Senate.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Last month, the group issued \u003ca href=\"https://calmatters.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/12/MCC-AS-Resolution-2024-004.pdf\">a vote of “no confidence” (PDF)\u003c/a> for the college president, citing the competency-based education program as a key reason why.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The other seven schools have faced their own roadblocks. “It’s a big challenge,” said Leticia Barajas, the president of the academic senate at East Los Angeles College. “You’re trying to completely change systems in a relatively short period of time.” She said the faculty senate recently decided to move the focus of the college’s program from technology and logistics to biotechnology because the biotechnology department had more staff who were able to assist.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Starting a competency-based program is “quite a bit more daunting” than faculty initially expected, she said, but insisted the program would still continue with her support. “We’re going to keep going. It’s going to take us a while, but we’re still going to get there,” she said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Reyna said he’s asking for the same approach from faculty in Madera. “The seven other colleges are all moving forward. They hit bumps, and they persevered, but for whatever reason, our folks don’t want to,” he said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_12018818\" class=\"wp-caption alignnone\" style=\"max-width: 2000px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-full wp-image-12018818\" src=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/12/02_031424_ELAC_JH_CM_02.jpg\" alt='A student walks next to campus buildings with the letters \"E\" \"L\" \"A\" and \"C\"' width=\"2000\" height=\"1333\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/12/02_031424_ELAC_JH_CM_02.jpg 2000w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/12/02_031424_ELAC_JH_CM_02-800x533.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/12/02_031424_ELAC_JH_CM_02-1020x680.jpg 1020w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/12/02_031424_ELAC_JH_CM_02-160x107.jpg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/12/02_031424_ELAC_JH_CM_02-1536x1024.jpg 1536w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/12/02_031424_ELAC_JH_CM_02-1920x1280.jpg 1920w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 2000px) 100vw, 2000px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">East Los Angeles College campus in Monterey Park on March 14, 2024. \u003ccite>(Jules Hotz/CalMatters)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Faculty leaders in Madera say the issues extend beyond competency-based education. “It’s a participatory government problem, and it’s a leadership problem,” said Lynette Cortes Howden, the president of Madera’s academic senate. In various resolutions, the academic senate has said that the president and other college leaders violated state and college policy by failing to consult with faculty before pushing for new programs or staff. Though the academic senate occasionally points to other examples, competency-based education is the primary source of tension.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Before Cortes Howden assumed her position, the previous president of the academic senate, Brad Millar, signed a proposal agreeing to launch competency-based education at the college. But Cortes Howen said the proposal was supposed to include a full resolution from the academic senate and a description of all the people who would work on the pilot. Since the proposal lacked those attachments, she said it’s invalid.\u003c/p>\n\u003ch2>While Merced plows forward, Madera stalls\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>In a number of tense meetings this fall, Reyna said the faculty is jeopardizing the college’s reputation and its goals. He pointed to an oft-cited statistic — 6.8 million adults in California who graduated high school but lack a college degree — and said this program aligns with \u003ca href=\"https://calmatters.org/education/higher-education/2024/12/job-training/\">the governor’s goal\u003c/a> to increase the number of adults with college degrees. “This is our mission.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In addition to the eight-college pilot, Madera is also part of a federal grant to support the expansion of competency-based education in agriculture. Merced College, which is just under an hour’s drive north of Madera, has already launched its version and enrolled 25 students, according to\u003ca href=\"https://www.mccd.edu/news/the-future-of-ag-education-is-blossoming-at-merced-college/\"> a blog post\u003c/a> on the school’s website. The students must demonstrate 14 different skills, at which point they’ll receive an “Ag Systems” certificate.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>It’s a point of pride for Merced College, which said in the post that the program is “a boon for students and for the ag industry as a whole.”[aside tag=\"education, college\" label=\"More Related Stories\"]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>However, at Madera Community College, the curriculum committee within the academic senate has yet to approve the agriculture program.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In a September meeting with the college’s academic senate, Reyna said that these competency-based initiatives are about educating underserved communities, such as farmworkers. “It’s shameful that we would ignore this student population,” he said. College administrators then accused the academic senate of \u003ca href=\"https://reedleycollege.hosted.panopto.com/Panopto/Pages/Viewer.aspx?id=26b569a8-30b6-4b7f-b732-b21b013bf183\">violating\u003c/a> the state’s Brown Act, which requires public access and comment during government meetings, and of using its ability to issue votes of no confidence to target Latino leaders.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad floatright]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The last word in that meeting came from one faculty member, William Mask II, who disagrees with the college’s academic senate and supports competency-based education. “You shamed this institution today. You shamed it badly,” he said and exited the room. Shortly after, Reyna and other college leaders followed him out.\u003c/p>\n\n",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>California’s community colleges are experimenting with a radical new model of education, but some professors are pushing back. Faculty at Madera Community College have become the most vocal opposition, though issues with the new education model have popped up across the state.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In the new model, known as competency-based education, \u003ca href=\"https://calmatters.org/education/higher-education/2023/09/california-community-colleges-3/\">students don’t receive grades, and they don’t have to attend class\u003c/a>. They learn at their own pace and can finish the course whenever they can prove that they’ve mastered the requisite skill or “competency.” Advocates, including Gov. Gavin Newsom, have called for \u003ca href=\"https://www.gov.ca.gov/wp-content/uploads/2023/08/8.31.23-Career-Education-Executive-Order.pdf\">more competency-based learning\u003c/a>, saying that it’s an opportunity to help employers and get older adults who lack a college degree back to school. Similar models already \u003ca href=\"https://calmatters.org/education/higher-education/2023/09/community-colleges/\">exist in other states\u003c/a>, at Calbright College, the state’s all-online community college, and at many private and for-profit institutions.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Starting these programs isn’t easy. In many cases, it means changing a college’s accreditation, its employee contracts, and its financial aid system. Those changes require faculty input, and some professors say it’s too much, too soon.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In 2021, California lawmakers approved more than $4 million to expand the competency-based model to eight community colleges, including Madera Community College, by the 2024-25 academic year.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In \u003ca href=\"https://calmatters.org/wp-content/uploads/2023/08/CBE-Resolution-adopted-08.25.23.pdf\">a resolution (PDF)\u003c/a> last year, the Madera Community College Academic Senate said it was “deeply concerned” about the new model after pointing out problems with the volume of work it requires and alleging that faculty weren’t part of the decision-making. The program has been on pause ever since, Madera Community College President Angel Reyna said. This spring, the faculty group, which determines academic matters for the campus, said it wants the school to \u003ca href=\"https://calmatters.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/12/8-MCC-Academic-Senate-statement-regarding-continued-CBE-efforts.pdf\">withdraw from the experiment altogether (PDF)\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>These faculty members have stoked the ire of the college’s leadership, members of the town’s business community, the former mayor of Madera, Santos Garcia, and Madera County Supervisor Leticia Gonzalez, who all defended the program \u003ca href=\"https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=OxVP2bkF0Rc&t=2928s\">at a public meeting\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Last month, the state approved another influx of cash to each of the colleges participating in the skills-based program, putting the total budget at nearly $9 million. Initially, all eight colleges planned to begin offering new coursework by the 2024-25 academic year, but the state granted an extension until the end of 2027 since only one school, Coastline College in Orange County, is poised to meet that initial deadline.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Speaking broadly of the program, Melissa Villarin, a spokesperson for the California Community Colleges Chancellor’s Office, said, “There were a couple of delays in meeting our self-imposed deadlines” and pointed to challenges with accreditation and financial aid. Madera Community College is “making progress…albeit at a slower pace,” she said. Madera Community College was the only college not to receive an additional award last month, but Villarin said that it will still be eligible for the money in the future.\u003c/p>\n\u003ch2>A vote of ‘no confidence’\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>The new program at Madera Community College will focus on one major, business administration, and enroll just a handful of students. Compared to the school’s total enrollment — more than 10,000 this academic year — it’s a drop in the bucket.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But for faculty, it’s an existential threat. They say competency-based education has created an overwhelming amount of work for some faculty — who are largely responsible for designing the new curricula — and they worry the model is so different that it could be hard for certain employers or four-year universities to interpret, according to\u003ca href=\"https://calmatters.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/12/7-MCC_AS_Special_Meeting_Minutes_4.5.24.pdf\"> statements (PDF)\u003c/a> made by members of the Madera Community College Academic Senate.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Last month, the group issued \u003ca href=\"https://calmatters.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/12/MCC-AS-Resolution-2024-004.pdf\">a vote of “no confidence” (PDF)\u003c/a> for the college president, citing the competency-based education program as a key reason why.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The other seven schools have faced their own roadblocks. “It’s a big challenge,” said Leticia Barajas, the president of the academic senate at East Los Angeles College. “You’re trying to completely change systems in a relatively short period of time.” She said the faculty senate recently decided to move the focus of the college’s program from technology and logistics to biotechnology because the biotechnology department had more staff who were able to assist.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Starting a competency-based program is “quite a bit more daunting” than faculty initially expected, she said, but insisted the program would still continue with her support. “We’re going to keep going. It’s going to take us a while, but we’re still going to get there,” she said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Reyna said he’s asking for the same approach from faculty in Madera. “The seven other colleges are all moving forward. They hit bumps, and they persevered, but for whatever reason, our folks don’t want to,” he said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_12018818\" class=\"wp-caption alignnone\" style=\"max-width: 2000px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-full wp-image-12018818\" src=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/12/02_031424_ELAC_JH_CM_02.jpg\" alt='A student walks next to campus buildings with the letters \"E\" \"L\" \"A\" and \"C\"' width=\"2000\" height=\"1333\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/12/02_031424_ELAC_JH_CM_02.jpg 2000w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/12/02_031424_ELAC_JH_CM_02-800x533.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/12/02_031424_ELAC_JH_CM_02-1020x680.jpg 1020w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/12/02_031424_ELAC_JH_CM_02-160x107.jpg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/12/02_031424_ELAC_JH_CM_02-1536x1024.jpg 1536w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/12/02_031424_ELAC_JH_CM_02-1920x1280.jpg 1920w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 2000px) 100vw, 2000px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">East Los Angeles College campus in Monterey Park on March 14, 2024. \u003ccite>(Jules Hotz/CalMatters)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Faculty leaders in Madera say the issues extend beyond competency-based education. “It’s a participatory government problem, and it’s a leadership problem,” said Lynette Cortes Howden, the president of Madera’s academic senate. In various resolutions, the academic senate has said that the president and other college leaders violated state and college policy by failing to consult with faculty before pushing for new programs or staff. Though the academic senate occasionally points to other examples, competency-based education is the primary source of tension.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Before Cortes Howden assumed her position, the previous president of the academic senate, Brad Millar, signed a proposal agreeing to launch competency-based education at the college. But Cortes Howen said the proposal was supposed to include a full resolution from the academic senate and a description of all the people who would work on the pilot. Since the proposal lacked those attachments, she said it’s invalid.\u003c/p>\n\u003ch2>While Merced plows forward, Madera stalls\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>In a number of tense meetings this fall, Reyna said the faculty is jeopardizing the college’s reputation and its goals. He pointed to an oft-cited statistic — 6.8 million adults in California who graduated high school but lack a college degree — and said this program aligns with \u003ca href=\"https://calmatters.org/education/higher-education/2024/12/job-training/\">the governor’s goal\u003c/a> to increase the number of adults with college degrees. “This is our mission.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In addition to the eight-college pilot, Madera is also part of a federal grant to support the expansion of competency-based education in agriculture. Merced College, which is just under an hour’s drive north of Madera, has already launched its version and enrolled 25 students, according to\u003ca href=\"https://www.mccd.edu/news/the-future-of-ag-education-is-blossoming-at-merced-college/\"> a blog post\u003c/a> on the school’s website. The students must demonstrate 14 different skills, at which point they’ll receive an “Ag Systems” certificate.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>It’s a point of pride for Merced College, which said in the post that the program is “a boon for students and for the ag industry as a whole.”\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>However, at Madera Community College, the curriculum committee within the academic senate has yet to approve the agriculture program.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In a September meeting with the college’s academic senate, Reyna said that these competency-based initiatives are about educating underserved communities, such as farmworkers. “It’s shameful that we would ignore this student population,” he said. College administrators then accused the academic senate of \u003ca href=\"https://reedleycollege.hosted.panopto.com/Panopto/Pages/Viewer.aspx?id=26b569a8-30b6-4b7f-b732-b21b013bf183\">violating\u003c/a> the state’s Brown Act, which requires public access and comment during government meetings, and of using its ability to issue votes of no confidence to target Latino leaders.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The last word in that meeting came from one faculty member, William Mask II, who disagrees with the college’s academic senate and supports competency-based education. “You shamed this institution today. You shamed it badly,” he said and exited the room. Shortly after, Reyna and other college leaders followed him out.\u003c/p>\n\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>",
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"order": 3
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},
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"info": "The day's top stories from BBC News compiled twice daily in the week, once at weekends.",
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"imageSrc": "https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/04/BBC-World-Service-Podcast-Tile-360x360-1.jpg",
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},
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"rss": "https://podcasts.files.bbci.co.uk/p02nq0gn.rss"
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},
"californiareport": {
"id": "californiareport",
"title": "The California Report",
"tagline": "California, day by day",
"info": "KQED’s statewide radio news program providing daily coverage of issues, trends and public policy decisions.",
"imageSrc": "https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/04/The-California-Report-Podcast-Tile-703x703-1.jpg",
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"officialWebsiteLink": "/californiareport",
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"source": "kqed",
"order": 8
},
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},
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"title": "The California Report Magazine",
"tagline": "Your state, your stories",
"info": "Every week, The California Report Magazine takes you on a road trip for the ears: to visit the places and meet the people who make California unique. The in-depth storytelling podcast from the California Report.",
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"order": 10
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"google": "https://podcasts.google.com/feed/aHR0cHM6Ly9mZWVkcy5tZWdhcGhvbmUuZm0vS1FJTkM3NjkwNjk1OTAz",
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"info": "A one-hour radio program to hear celebrated writers, artists and thinkers address contemporary ideas and values, often discussing the creative process. Please note: tapes or transcripts are not available",
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"airtime": "SUN 1pm-2pm, TUE 10pm, WED 1am",
"meta": {
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"source": "City Arts & Lectures"
},
"link": "https://www.cityarts.net",
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},
"closealltabs": {
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"order": 1
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"info": "\u003cem>Code Switch\u003c/em>, which listeners will hear in the first part of the hour, has fearless and much-needed conversations about race. Hosted by journalists of color, the show tackles the subject of race head-on, exploring how it impacts every part of society — from politics and pop culture to history, sports and more.\u003cbr />\u003cbr />\u003cem>Life Kit\u003c/em>, which will be in the second part of the hour, guides you through spaces and feelings no one prepares you for — from finances to mental health, from workplace microaggressions to imposter syndrome, from relationships to parenting. The show features experts with real world experience and shares their knowledge. Because everyone needs a little help being human.\u003cbr />\u003cbr />\u003ca href=\"https://www.npr.org/podcasts/510312/codeswitch\">\u003cem>Code Switch\u003c/em> offical site and podcast\u003c/a>\u003cbr />\u003ca href=\"https://www.npr.org/lifekit\">\u003cem>Life Kit\u003c/em> offical site and podcast\u003c/a>\u003cbr />",
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"id": "commonwealth-club",
"title": "Commonwealth Club of California Podcast",
"info": "The Commonwealth Club of California is the nation's oldest and largest public affairs forum. As a non-partisan forum, The Club brings to the public airwaves diverse viewpoints on important topics. The Club's weekly radio broadcast - the oldest in the U.S., dating back to 1924 - is carried across the nation on public radio stations and is now podcasting. Our website archive features audio of our recent programs, as well as selected speeches from our long and distinguished history. This podcast feed is usually updated twice a week and is always un-edited.",
"airtime": "THU 10pm, FRI 1am",
"imageSrc": "https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/04/Commonwealth-Club-Podcast-Tile-360x360-1.jpg",
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"source": "Commonwealth Club of California"
},
"link": "/radio/program/commonwealth-club",
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"google": "https://podcasts.google.com/feed/aHR0cDovL3d3dy5jb21tb253ZWFsdGhjbHViLm9yZy9hdWRpby9wb2RjYXN0L3dlZWtseS54bWw",
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"id": "forum",
"title": "Forum",
"tagline": "The conversation starts here",
"info": "KQED’s live call-in program discussing local, state, national and international issues, as well as in-depth interviews.",
"airtime": "MON-FRI 9am-11am, 10pm-11pm",
"imageSrc": "https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/04/Forum-Podcast-Tile-703x703-1.jpg",
"imageAlt": "KQED Forum with Mina Kim and Alexis Madrigal",
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"source": "kqed",
"order": 9
},
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"google": "https://podcasts.google.com/feed/aHR0cHM6Ly9mZWVkcy5tZWdhcGhvbmUuZm0vS1FJTkM5NTU3MzgxNjMz",
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"freakonomics-radio": {
"id": "freakonomics-radio",
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"imageSrc": "https://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2018/05/freakonomicsRadio.png",
"officialWebsiteLink": "http://freakonomics.com/",
"airtime": "SUN 1am-2am, SAT 3pm-4pm",
"meta": {
"site": "radio",
"source": "WNYC"
},
"link": "/radio/program/freakonomics-radio",
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"apple": "https://itunes.apple.com/us/podcast/freakonomics-radio/id354668519",
"tuneIn": "https://tunein.com/podcasts/WNYC-Podcasts/Freakonomics-Radio-p272293/",
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},
"fresh-air": {
"id": "fresh-air",
"title": "Fresh Air",
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"apple": "https://itunes.apple.com/WebObjects/MZStore.woa/wa/viewPodcast?s=143441&mt=2&id=214089682&at=11l79Y&ct=nprdirectory",
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"here-and-now": {
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"info": "A live production of NPR and WBUR Boston, in collaboration with stations across the country, Here & Now reflects the fluid world of news as it's happening in the middle of the day, with timely, in-depth news, interviews and conversation. Hosted by Robin Young, Jeremy Hobson and Tonya Mosley.",
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"hidden-brain": {
"id": "hidden-brain",
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"info": "Shankar Vedantam uses science and storytelling to reveal the unconscious patterns that drive human behavior, shape our choices and direct our relationships.",
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"airtime": "SUN 7pm-8pm",
"meta": {
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"source": "NPR"
},
"link": "/radio/program/hidden-brain",
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},
"how-i-built-this": {
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"title": "How I Built This with Guy Raz",
"info": "Guy Raz dives into the stories behind some of the world's best known companies. How I Built This weaves a narrative journey about innovators, entrepreneurs and idealists—and the movements they built.",
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"airtime": "SUN 7:30pm-8pm",
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"link": "/radio/program/how-i-built-this",
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"hyphenacion": {
"id": "hyphenacion",
"title": "Hyphenación",
"tagline": "Where conversation and cultura meet",
"info": "What kind of no sabo word is Hyphenación? For us, it’s about living within a hyphenation. Like being a third-gen Mexican-American from the Texas border now living that Bay Area Chicano life. Like Xorje! Each week we bring together a couple of hyphenated Latinos to talk all about personal life choices: family, careers, relationships, belonging … everything is on the table. ",
"imageSrc": "https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2025/03/Hyphenacion_FinalAssets_PodcastTile.png",
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"order": 15
},
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},
"jerrybrown": {
"id": "jerrybrown",
"title": "The Political Mind of Jerry Brown",
"tagline": "Lessons from a lifetime in politics",
"info": "The Political Mind of Jerry Brown brings listeners the wisdom of the former Governor, Mayor, and presidential candidate. Scott Shafer interviewed Brown for more than 40 hours, covering the former governor's life and half-century in the political game – and Brown has some lessons he'd like to share. ",
"imageSrc": "https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/04/The-Political-Mind-of-Jerry-Brown-Podcast-Tile-703x703-1.jpg",
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"order": 18
},
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},
"latino-usa": {
"id": "latino-usa",
"title": "Latino USA",
"airtime": "MON 1am-2am, SUN 6pm-7pm",
"info": "Latino USA, the radio journal of news and culture, is the only national, English-language radio program produced from a Latino perspective.",
"imageSrc": "https://ww2.kqed.org/radio/wp-content/uploads/sites/50/2018/04/latinoUsa.jpg",
"officialWebsiteLink": "http://latinousa.org/",
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},
"link": "/radio/program/latino-usa",
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"apple": "https://itunes.apple.com/WebObjects/MZStore.woa/wa/viewPodcast?s=143441&mt=2&id=79681317&at=11l79Y&ct=nprdirectory",
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"rss": "https://feeds.npr.org/510016/podcast.xml"
}
},
"marketplace": {
"id": "marketplace",
"title": "Marketplace",
"info": "Our flagship program, helmed by Kai Ryssdal, examines what the day in money delivered, through stories, conversations, newsworthy numbers and more. Updated Monday through Friday at about 3:30 p.m. PT.",
"airtime": "MON-FRI 4pm-4:30pm, MON-WED 6:30pm-7pm",
"imageSrc": "https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/04/Marketplace-Podcast-Tile-360x360-1.jpg",
"officialWebsiteLink": "https://www.marketplace.org/",
"meta": {
"site": "news",
"source": "American Public Media"
},
"link": "/radio/program/marketplace",
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"rss": "https://feeds.publicradio.org/public_feeds/marketplace-pm/rss/rss"
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},
"masters-of-scale": {
"id": "masters-of-scale",
"title": "Masters of Scale",
"info": "Masters of Scale is an original podcast in which LinkedIn co-founder and Greylock Partner Reid Hoffman sets out to describe and prove theories that explain how great entrepreneurs take their companies from zero to a gazillion in ingenious fashion.",
"airtime": "Every other Wednesday June 12 through October 16 at 8pm (repeats Thursdays at 2am)",
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"officialWebsiteLink": "https://mastersofscale.com/",
"meta": {
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"source": "WaitWhat"
},
"link": "/radio/program/masters-of-scale",
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"apple": "http://mastersofscale.app.link/",
"rss": "https://rss.art19.com/masters-of-scale"
}
},
"mindshift": {
"id": "mindshift",
"title": "MindShift",
"tagline": "A podcast about the future of learning and how we raise our kids",
"info": "The MindShift podcast explores the innovations in education that are shaping how kids learn. Hosts Ki Sung and Katrina Schwartz introduce listeners to educators, researchers, parents and students who are developing effective ways to improve how kids learn. We cover topics like how fed-up administrators are developing surprising tactics to deal with classroom disruptions; how listening to podcasts are helping kids develop reading skills; the consequences of overparenting; and why interdisciplinary learning can engage students on all ends of the traditional achievement spectrum. This podcast is part of the MindShift education site, a division of KQED News. KQED is an NPR/PBS member station based in San Francisco. You can also visit the MindShift website for episodes and supplemental blog posts or tweet us \u003ca href=\"https://twitter.com/MindShiftKQED\">@MindShiftKQED\u003c/a> or visit us at \u003ca href=\"/mindshift\">MindShift.KQED.org\u003c/a>",
"imageSrc": "https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/04/Mindshift-Podcast-Tile-703x703-1.jpg",
"imageAlt": "KQED MindShift: How We Will Learn",
"officialWebsiteLink": "/mindshift/",
"meta": {
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"source": "kqed",
"order": 12
},
"link": "/podcasts/mindshift",
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"google": "https://podcasts.google.com/feed/aHR0cHM6Ly9mZWVkcy5tZWdhcGhvbmUuZm0vS1FJTkM1NzY0NjAwNDI5",
"npr": "https://www.npr.org/podcasts/464615685/mind-shift-podcast",
"stitcher": "https://www.stitcher.com/podcast/kqed/stories-teachers-share",
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}
},
"morning-edition": {
"id": "morning-edition",
"title": "Morning Edition",
"info": "\u003cem>Morning Edition\u003c/em> takes listeners around the country and the world with multi-faceted stories and commentaries every weekday. Hosts Steve Inskeep, David Greene and Rachel Martin bring you the latest breaking news and features to prepare you for the day.",
"airtime": "MON-FRI 3am-9am",
"imageSrc": "https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/04/Morning-Edition-Podcast-Tile-360x360-1.jpg",
"officialWebsiteLink": "https://www.npr.org/programs/morning-edition/",
"meta": {
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},
"link": "/radio/program/morning-edition"
},
"onourwatch": {
"id": "onourwatch",
"title": "On Our Watch",
"tagline": "Deeply-reported investigative journalism",
"info": "For decades, the process for how police police themselves has been inconsistent – if not opaque. In some states, like California, these proceedings were completely hidden. After a new police transparency law unsealed scores of internal affairs files, our reporters set out to examine these cases and the shadow world of police discipline. On Our Watch brings listeners into the rooms where officers are questioned and witnesses are interrogated to find out who this system is really protecting. Is it the officers, or the public they've sworn to serve?",
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