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"content": "\u003cp>In one respect, this is a typical midterm election — a race shaped as a referendum on the president and the party in power.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But there are so many ways in which this election is anything but typical. We’ve seen a surge in first-time candidates, especially women and minorities. In the past several midterms, the party in power was relatively complacent compared with the party hoping to be in power. Heading into Election Day, Democrats have an enthusiasm edge, but Republicans have been getting steadily amped up, too.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Plus, President Trump has embraced the referendum on himself in a way other presidents have not.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>It’s a sign of tribal divisions that are driving much of what has happened in the 2018 campaign, and voters will resolve what remains to be seen — the outcome.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Here are five questions that could be answered on election night. They will determine not just who controls Congress, but how American politics changes after these consequential midterms.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>1. It’s probably a blue wave, but how big and wide?\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Every indicator says that Democrats have the advantage going into Election Day in the fight for the House. What’s unclear is whether the blue wave will be big enough to get Democrats the 23-seat net pickup they need to take back the House majority.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The gender gap is huge and working in their favor. Independent voters have broken strongly for the Democrats, and Democrats are raising tremendous amounts of money — in both small contributions to individual candidates and from big outside donors, like billionaire Michael Bloomberg. The size of this “green wave” of cash has surprised and worried Republicans.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But in order to make changes moving forward, Democrats must do more than just take back the House, they must do well in gubernatorial races and in the battle for state legislatures across the country.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>This is key because 2020 is a census year, and redistricting is right around the corner. So Democrats want to be able to exercise some control over the state-based process of drawing congressional and state legislative district boundaries — a process they’ve been effectively shut out of in many crucial states since their big losses in 2010. That has provided a big structural advantage to the GOP ever since.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>2. Can Democrats effectively navigate the \u003c/strong>\u003cem>\u003cstrong>very \u003c/strong>\u003c/em>\u003cstrong>different House and Senate landscapes?\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In midterm elections, the House and Senate races tend to move in tandem, but this year, they’re heading in two very different directions.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The Senate battleground couldn’t be worse for Democrats — it’s a group of red states like Montana, North Dakota, Missouri, Indiana and West Virginia, where Trump won by double digits in 2016. The president has been campaigning plenty in those places.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In those states, where incumbent Democratic senators are fighting for their political lives, the key voter is a blue-collar white man. In the battlegrounds for the House — which are in mostly affluent, highly-educated suburbs — the key voter is an angry, college-educated white woman.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>When the cycle started, Republicans hoped they would pick up as many as five Senate seats, but most of these races are still very close. In only one, North Dakota, do polls show the Democrat, Heidi Heitkamp, consistently trailing by a significant margin.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But Democrats have also struggled to pull ahead in states where they had hoped to pick up seats — Nevada, the only state that Hillary Clinton won in 2016 that has an incumbent Republican senator up for re-election, is still within the margin of error, as is the open seat in Arizona.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In Tennessee, Democrats had been hopeful about Phil Bredesen, a moderate, pro-business former governor. But Bredesen has fallen behind his Republican opponent, Rep. Marsha Blackburn, in the most recent polls. Texas Sen. Ted Cruz also remains the favorite for re-election, despite the energetic and well-funded campaign of Democratic Rep. Beto O’Rourke.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The Democrats’ goal is to hold their own if they can, limiting their losses, so they’re not out of striking distance in the next two cycles, when more Republican senators are up for re-election in more purple states.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>3. Can Republicans hold in the Midwest, and will young people and Latinos turn out for Democrats?\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>After 2016, it looked as if Trump was going to turn the battleground states of Iowa and Ohio red. But Republicans are now worrying about the Midwest — once a source of Trump’s greatest strength. GOP candidates are struggling in races up and down the ballot in those two states. And in the states that vaulted Trump to the White House — Michigan, Wisconsin and Pennsylvania — they’re not doing much better and often worse. For now, Republicans’ hopes of turning Minnesota red have been put on hold.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Democrats also have plenty to worry about. Polls show a decided lack of enthusiasm among Hispanics. That’s not a problem everywhere, but it really matters in places like Arizona, Nevada, Florida and Texas. If Democrats can’t fire up Latino voters with a nativist president in the White House doubling down on immigration, they really have some work to do.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Democrats are also concerned that young people, who polls show disapprove of Trump and his party by huge margins, may stay home (as they usually do in midterm elections) despite the surge of activism among young people after the Parkland, Fla., school shooting.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>4. Can Trump transfer his popularity with his base to his party?\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Every midterm is a referendum on the president and his party, and Trump has embraced that dynamic more enthusiastically than any previous president. He tells his supporters that even though he’s not on the ballot, they should vote as though he is.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In the past, presidents have had trouble transferring their popularity in midterm elections — it’s usually a president’s \u003cem>unpopularity\u003c/em> that motivates the other side’s voters. Trump had no problem boosting the fortunes of the Republican candidates whom he endorsed in GOP primaries, but it remains to be seen whether he can heave any Republican general election candidate over the finish line his fall.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>5. What about Florida, Florida, Florida? \u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The single most important race this fall is … the \u003ca href=\"https://www.npr.org/2018/10/23/659634372/governor-race-in-florida-nation-s-largest-swing-state-may-be-a-test-of-the-presi\">Florida governor’s race\u003c/a>. Florida is the mother of all swing states, and Trump realistically can’t be re-elected without it. He needs to get GOP Rep. Ron DeSantis elected governor so that all the political power that comes with that office can be used on Trump’s behalf in 2020.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Democrat Andrew Gillum has had a small, but consistent lead in that race — and Gillum may even be helping incumbent Democratic Sen. Bill Nelson in his Senate race against Rick Scott, the current GOP governor.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad floatright]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Once again, it’s the state to watch on election night.\u003c/p>\n\u003cdiv class=\"fullattribution\">Copyright 2018 NPR. To see more, visit \u003ca href=\"https://www.npr.org\">http://www.npr.org/\u003c/a>.\u003cimg decoding=\"async\" src=\"https://www.google-analytics.com/__utm.gif?utmac=UA-5828686-4&utmdt=Key+Questions+The+2018+Election+Will+Answer&utme=8(APIKey)9(MDAxOTAwOTE4MDEyMTkxMDAzNjczZDljZA004)\">\u003c/div>\n\n",
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"excerpt": "Voters will give the final judgment on Tuesday, determining not just the control of Congress — but also the very future of American politics. ",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>In one respect, this is a typical midterm election — a race shaped as a referendum on the president and the party in power.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But there are so many ways in which this election is anything but typical. We’ve seen a surge in first-time candidates, especially women and minorities. In the past several midterms, the party in power was relatively complacent compared with the party hoping to be in power. Heading into Election Day, Democrats have an enthusiasm edge, but Republicans have been getting steadily amped up, too.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Plus, President Trump has embraced the referendum on himself in a way other presidents have not.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>It’s a sign of tribal divisions that are driving much of what has happened in the 2018 campaign, and voters will resolve what remains to be seen — the outcome.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Here are five questions that could be answered on election night. They will determine not just who controls Congress, but how American politics changes after these consequential midterms.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>1. It’s probably a blue wave, but how big and wide?\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Every indicator says that Democrats have the advantage going into Election Day in the fight for the House. What’s unclear is whether the blue wave will be big enough to get Democrats the 23-seat net pickup they need to take back the House majority.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The gender gap is huge and working in their favor. Independent voters have broken strongly for the Democrats, and Democrats are raising tremendous amounts of money — in both small contributions to individual candidates and from big outside donors, like billionaire Michael Bloomberg. The size of this “green wave” of cash has surprised and worried Republicans.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But in order to make changes moving forward, Democrats must do more than just take back the House, they must do well in gubernatorial races and in the battle for state legislatures across the country.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>This is key because 2020 is a census year, and redistricting is right around the corner. So Democrats want to be able to exercise some control over the state-based process of drawing congressional and state legislative district boundaries — a process they’ve been effectively shut out of in many crucial states since their big losses in 2010. That has provided a big structural advantage to the GOP ever since.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>2. Can Democrats effectively navigate the \u003c/strong>\u003cem>\u003cstrong>very \u003c/strong>\u003c/em>\u003cstrong>different House and Senate landscapes?\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In midterm elections, the House and Senate races tend to move in tandem, but this year, they’re heading in two very different directions.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The Senate battleground couldn’t be worse for Democrats — it’s a group of red states like Montana, North Dakota, Missouri, Indiana and West Virginia, where Trump won by double digits in 2016. The president has been campaigning plenty in those places.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In those states, where incumbent Democratic senators are fighting for their political lives, the key voter is a blue-collar white man. In the battlegrounds for the House — which are in mostly affluent, highly-educated suburbs — the key voter is an angry, college-educated white woman.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>When the cycle started, Republicans hoped they would pick up as many as five Senate seats, but most of these races are still very close. In only one, North Dakota, do polls show the Democrat, Heidi Heitkamp, consistently trailing by a significant margin.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But Democrats have also struggled to pull ahead in states where they had hoped to pick up seats — Nevada, the only state that Hillary Clinton won in 2016 that has an incumbent Republican senator up for re-election, is still within the margin of error, as is the open seat in Arizona.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In Tennessee, Democrats had been hopeful about Phil Bredesen, a moderate, pro-business former governor. But Bredesen has fallen behind his Republican opponent, Rep. Marsha Blackburn, in the most recent polls. Texas Sen. Ted Cruz also remains the favorite for re-election, despite the energetic and well-funded campaign of Democratic Rep. Beto O’Rourke.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The Democrats’ goal is to hold their own if they can, limiting their losses, so they’re not out of striking distance in the next two cycles, when more Republican senators are up for re-election in more purple states.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>3. Can Republicans hold in the Midwest, and will young people and Latinos turn out for Democrats?\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>After 2016, it looked as if Trump was going to turn the battleground states of Iowa and Ohio red. But Republicans are now worrying about the Midwest — once a source of Trump’s greatest strength. GOP candidates are struggling in races up and down the ballot in those two states. And in the states that vaulted Trump to the White House — Michigan, Wisconsin and Pennsylvania — they’re not doing much better and often worse. For now, Republicans’ hopes of turning Minnesota red have been put on hold.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Democrats also have plenty to worry about. Polls show a decided lack of enthusiasm among Hispanics. That’s not a problem everywhere, but it really matters in places like Arizona, Nevada, Florida and Texas. If Democrats can’t fire up Latino voters with a nativist president in the White House doubling down on immigration, they really have some work to do.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Democrats are also concerned that young people, who polls show disapprove of Trump and his party by huge margins, may stay home (as they usually do in midterm elections) despite the surge of activism among young people after the Parkland, Fla., school shooting.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>4. Can Trump transfer his popularity with his base to his party?\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Every midterm is a referendum on the president and his party, and Trump has embraced that dynamic more enthusiastically than any previous president. He tells his supporters that even though he’s not on the ballot, they should vote as though he is.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In the past, presidents have had trouble transferring their popularity in midterm elections — it’s usually a president’s \u003cem>unpopularity\u003c/em> that motivates the other side’s voters. Trump had no problem boosting the fortunes of the Republican candidates whom he endorsed in GOP primaries, but it remains to be seen whether he can heave any Republican general election candidate over the finish line his fall.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>5. What about Florida, Florida, Florida? \u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The single most important race this fall is … the \u003ca href=\"https://www.npr.org/2018/10/23/659634372/governor-race-in-florida-nation-s-largest-swing-state-may-be-a-test-of-the-presi\">Florida governor’s race\u003c/a>. Florida is the mother of all swing states, and Trump realistically can’t be re-elected without it. He needs to get GOP Rep. Ron DeSantis elected governor so that all the political power that comes with that office can be used on Trump’s behalf in 2020.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Democrat Andrew Gillum has had a small, but consistent lead in that race — and Gillum may even be helping incumbent Democratic Sen. Bill Nelson in his Senate race against Rick Scott, the current GOP governor.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Once again, it’s the state to watch on election night.\u003c/p>\n\u003cdiv class=\"fullattribution\">Copyright 2018 NPR. To see more, visit \u003ca href=\"https://www.npr.org\">http://www.npr.org/\u003c/a>.\u003cimg decoding=\"async\" src=\"https://www.google-analytics.com/__utm.gif?utmac=UA-5828686-4&utmdt=Key+Questions+The+2018+Election+Will+Answer&utme=8(APIKey)9(MDAxOTAwOTE4MDEyMTkxMDAzNjczZDljZA004)\">\u003c/div>\n\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>",
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"title": "FACT CHECK: Migrants Are Not Overwhelming the Southwest Border",
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"content": "\u003cp>With days to go before the midterm elections, President Trump continues to ratchet up his rhetoric on immigration. The president’s latest target is asylum-seekers, whom he accuses of exploiting “loopholes” in U.S. immigration laws.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In a televised speech from the White House on Thursday, \u003ca href=\"https://www.npr.org/2018/11/01/663012881/in-broad-attack-on-asylum-seekers-trump-takes-campaign-message-to-white-house\">Trump threatened to close the Southwest border to asylum-seekers\u003c/a> — including the latest group of Central American migrants making their way through Mexico — unless they present themselves at official ports of entry.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But refugee and asylum experts say his plan would violate \u003ca href=\"https://www.uscis.gov/ilink/docView/SLB/HTML/SLB/0-0-0-1/0-0-0-29/0-0-0-1687.html#0-0-0-192\">U.S. law\u003c/a>. They say the president’s remarks about asylum were riddled with inaccuracies and misleading statements intended to stoke fear of immigrants and drive the president’s supporters to the polls.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>We’ll focus here on five statements President Trump made Thursday in the Roosevelt Room.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>1. An overwhelming influx\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cblockquote>\u003cp>“The current influx, if not halted, threatens to overwhelm our immigration system and our communities, and poses unacceptable dangers to the entire nation.”\u003c/p>\u003c/blockquote>\n\u003cp>The total number of migrants apprehended at the Southwest border was actually down slightly last year, to about 521,000, and remains far below the kind of apprehension numbers that were routine in the 1990s and 2000s.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But the Trump administration argues that the current “crisis” is the result of a major shift in who is showing up at the border.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>A generation ago, migrants apprehended at the border were largely single adults, mostly from Mexico, who could be deported relatively quickly after they were caught. Today migrants are much more likely to be coming from Central America.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Last year, \u003ca href=\"https://www.npr.org/2018/10/23/660010173/u-s-apprehended-record-number-of-migrant-families-at-southwest-border\">a record number of apprehended migrants were part of family units\u003c/a>. That means they have greater protections under U.S. law. In practice, many of these asylum-seekers are released into the U.S. to await their day in court, which can take months or years.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>2. No more “catch and release”\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cblockquote>\u003cp>“These policies lead to the release of illegal aliens into our communities after they’ve been apprehended. But we’re not releasing anymore. Big change, as of a couple of days ago. We’re going to no longer release. We’re going to catch; we’re not going to release. They’re going to stay with us until the deportation hearing or the asylum hearing takes place. So we’re not releasing them into the community.”\u003c/p>\u003c/blockquote>\n\u003cp>In fact, under U.S. law, migrant families who have requested asylum are not considered illegal immigrants. And they are being released in large numbers up and down the border. In El Paso, Texas, Ruben Garcia, director of a local shelter called Annunciation House, told reporter Mallory Falk of member station KRWG the shelter had received 332 people Thursday released from immigration custody and are expecting 225 more Friday.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In Arizona, Matthew Casey of member station KJZZ spoke with an official at Capellania Cristiana Llamados Para Servir, an organization working with churches in metropolitan Phoenix. The official confirmed the organization expects 90 families at two different churches on Friday and 400 more migrants from Yuma to start arriving in Phoenix late this weekend.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>These migrant families are generally released to join relatives in other parts of the country and will be issued a Notice to Appear in immigration court for their asylum hearing.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>3. They never show up\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cblockquote>\u003cp>“Then they never show up, almost. It’s like a level of 3 percent. They never show up for the trial. So by the time their trial comes, they’re gone. Nobody knows where they are.”\u003c/p>\u003c/blockquote>\n\u003cp>Actually, the majority of asylum-seekers do show up to court. According to the \u003ca href=\"https://www.justice.gov/eoir/page/file/fysb16/download\">Department of Justice statistics for the 2016 fiscal year\u003c/a>, only about 2 in 5 cases were decided in absentia.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Immigrant-rights advocates say the number of asylum-seekers who do show up would be even higher if they had attorneys and more support from court staff to let them know when and where to show up. They point to a pilot program that was \u003ca href=\"https://www.npr.org/2018/07/18/629496174/alternatives-to-detention-are-cheaper-than-jails-but-cases-take-far-longer\">highly successful at getting immigrants to show up in court\u003c/a> before it was canceled by the Trump administration.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>4. Abusing asylum\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cblockquote>\u003cp>“This endemic abuse of the asylum system makes a mockery of our immigration system, displacing legitimate asylum-seekers — and there are legitimate asylum-seekers — while rewarding those who abuse or defraud our system, which is almost everybody. Everybody is abusing it.”\u003c/p>\u003c/blockquote>\n\u003cp>Immigration lawyers say this is a wild exaggeration. It’s true that only a fraction of all asylum claims are actually successful. Last year, \u003ca href=\"http://trac.syr.edu/immigration/reports/491/\">immigration courts rejected more than 60 percent of asylum claims\u003c/a>, a number that has been steadily rising since 2012.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The administration argues that rejection rate is itself evidence of fraud. But immigrants-rights advocates dispute that. They say immigration courts are supposed to decide each asylum case on its own merits and that the low acceptance rate is simply evidence that the system is working — and that asylum cases are not easy to win.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>5. It’s an invasion\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cblockquote>\u003cp>“Some people call it an invasion. It’s like an invasion. … These are tough people, in many cases. A lot of young men, strong men.”\u003c/p>\u003c/blockquote>\n\u003cp>The president has claimed repeatedly, \u003ca href=\"https://www.npr.org/2018/10/23/659917659/fact-check-president-trumps-false-claims-on-migrant-caravan-tax-cuts\">without evidence\u003c/a>, that the migrants include dangerous criminals and “unknown Middle Easterners.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But reporters on the ground say the migrants comprise mainly women and children who are fleeing from violence and extreme poverty in Central America. Refugee and asylum experts accuse the president of fearmongering to rally his political base for the midterm elections.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>There’s a “tragic irony” in portraying the asylum-seekers as a marauding army, said Karen Musalo, director of the Center for Gender and Refugee Studies at U.C. Hastings College of the Law.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Individuals have come together to walk north in a caravan because the journey north for asylum-seekers has been so dangerous,” Musalo said in an interview. “These are very vulnerable individuals, desperately fleeing violence, who have come together as a group to have the protection and solidarity of each other.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cdiv class=\"fullattribution\">Copyright 2018 NPR. To see more, visit \u003ca href=\"http://www.npr.org/\">http://www.npr.org/\u003c/a>.\u003cimg decoding=\"async\" src=\"https://www.google-analytics.com/__utm.gif?utmac=UA-5828686-4&utmdt=FACT+CHECK%3A+Migrants+Are+Not+Overwhelming+The+Southwest+Border+&utme=8(APIKey)9(MDAxOTAwOTE4MDEyMTkxMDAzNjczZDljZA004)\">\u003c/div>\n\u003cdiv>\u003c/div>\n\n",
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"excerpt": "Days before the midterm elections, President Trump threatened to close the Southwest border to asylum-seekers. Immigration experts say his remarks were filled with false and misleading statements.",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>With days to go before the midterm elections, President Trump continues to ratchet up his rhetoric on immigration. The president’s latest target is asylum-seekers, whom he accuses of exploiting “loopholes” in U.S. immigration laws.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In a televised speech from the White House on Thursday, \u003ca href=\"https://www.npr.org/2018/11/01/663012881/in-broad-attack-on-asylum-seekers-trump-takes-campaign-message-to-white-house\">Trump threatened to close the Southwest border to asylum-seekers\u003c/a> — including the latest group of Central American migrants making their way through Mexico — unless they present themselves at official ports of entry.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But refugee and asylum experts say his plan would violate \u003ca href=\"https://www.uscis.gov/ilink/docView/SLB/HTML/SLB/0-0-0-1/0-0-0-29/0-0-0-1687.html#0-0-0-192\">U.S. law\u003c/a>. They say the president’s remarks about asylum were riddled with inaccuracies and misleading statements intended to stoke fear of immigrants and drive the president’s supporters to the polls.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>We’ll focus here on five statements President Trump made Thursday in the Roosevelt Room.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>1. An overwhelming influx\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cblockquote>\u003cp>“The current influx, if not halted, threatens to overwhelm our immigration system and our communities, and poses unacceptable dangers to the entire nation.”\u003c/p>\u003c/blockquote>\n\u003cp>The total number of migrants apprehended at the Southwest border was actually down slightly last year, to about 521,000, and remains far below the kind of apprehension numbers that were routine in the 1990s and 2000s.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But the Trump administration argues that the current “crisis” is the result of a major shift in who is showing up at the border.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>A generation ago, migrants apprehended at the border were largely single adults, mostly from Mexico, who could be deported relatively quickly after they were caught. Today migrants are much more likely to be coming from Central America.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Last year, \u003ca href=\"https://www.npr.org/2018/10/23/660010173/u-s-apprehended-record-number-of-migrant-families-at-southwest-border\">a record number of apprehended migrants were part of family units\u003c/a>. That means they have greater protections under U.S. law. In practice, many of these asylum-seekers are released into the U.S. to await their day in court, which can take months or years.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>2. No more “catch and release”\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cblockquote>\u003cp>“These policies lead to the release of illegal aliens into our communities after they’ve been apprehended. But we’re not releasing anymore. Big change, as of a couple of days ago. We’re going to no longer release. We’re going to catch; we’re not going to release. They’re going to stay with us until the deportation hearing or the asylum hearing takes place. So we’re not releasing them into the community.”\u003c/p>\u003c/blockquote>\n\u003cp>In fact, under U.S. law, migrant families who have requested asylum are not considered illegal immigrants. And they are being released in large numbers up and down the border. In El Paso, Texas, Ruben Garcia, director of a local shelter called Annunciation House, told reporter Mallory Falk of member station KRWG the shelter had received 332 people Thursday released from immigration custody and are expecting 225 more Friday.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In Arizona, Matthew Casey of member station KJZZ spoke with an official at Capellania Cristiana Llamados Para Servir, an organization working with churches in metropolitan Phoenix. The official confirmed the organization expects 90 families at two different churches on Friday and 400 more migrants from Yuma to start arriving in Phoenix late this weekend.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>These migrant families are generally released to join relatives in other parts of the country and will be issued a Notice to Appear in immigration court for their asylum hearing.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>3. They never show up\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cblockquote>\u003cp>“Then they never show up, almost. It’s like a level of 3 percent. They never show up for the trial. So by the time their trial comes, they’re gone. Nobody knows where they are.”\u003c/p>\u003c/blockquote>\n\u003cp>Actually, the majority of asylum-seekers do show up to court. According to the \u003ca href=\"https://www.justice.gov/eoir/page/file/fysb16/download\">Department of Justice statistics for the 2016 fiscal year\u003c/a>, only about 2 in 5 cases were decided in absentia.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Immigrant-rights advocates say the number of asylum-seekers who do show up would be even higher if they had attorneys and more support from court staff to let them know when and where to show up. They point to a pilot program that was \u003ca href=\"https://www.npr.org/2018/07/18/629496174/alternatives-to-detention-are-cheaper-than-jails-but-cases-take-far-longer\">highly successful at getting immigrants to show up in court\u003c/a> before it was canceled by the Trump administration.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>4. Abusing asylum\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cblockquote>\u003cp>“This endemic abuse of the asylum system makes a mockery of our immigration system, displacing legitimate asylum-seekers — and there are legitimate asylum-seekers — while rewarding those who abuse or defraud our system, which is almost everybody. Everybody is abusing it.”\u003c/p>\u003c/blockquote>\n\u003cp>Immigration lawyers say this is a wild exaggeration. It’s true that only a fraction of all asylum claims are actually successful. Last year, \u003ca href=\"http://trac.syr.edu/immigration/reports/491/\">immigration courts rejected more than 60 percent of asylum claims\u003c/a>, a number that has been steadily rising since 2012.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The administration argues that rejection rate is itself evidence of fraud. But immigrants-rights advocates dispute that. They say immigration courts are supposed to decide each asylum case on its own merits and that the low acceptance rate is simply evidence that the system is working — and that asylum cases are not easy to win.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>5. It’s an invasion\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cblockquote>\u003cp>“Some people call it an invasion. It’s like an invasion. … These are tough people, in many cases. A lot of young men, strong men.”\u003c/p>\u003c/blockquote>\n\u003cp>The president has claimed repeatedly, \u003ca href=\"https://www.npr.org/2018/10/23/659917659/fact-check-president-trumps-false-claims-on-migrant-caravan-tax-cuts\">without evidence\u003c/a>, that the migrants include dangerous criminals and “unknown Middle Easterners.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But reporters on the ground say the migrants comprise mainly women and children who are fleeing from violence and extreme poverty in Central America. Refugee and asylum experts accuse the president of fearmongering to rally his political base for the midterm elections.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>There’s a “tragic irony” in portraying the asylum-seekers as a marauding army, said Karen Musalo, director of the Center for Gender and Refugee Studies at U.C. Hastings College of the Law.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Individuals have come together to walk north in a caravan because the journey north for asylum-seekers has been so dangerous,” Musalo said in an interview. “These are very vulnerable individuals, desperately fleeing violence, who have come together as a group to have the protection and solidarity of each other.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cdiv class=\"fullattribution\">Copyright 2018 NPR. To see more, visit \u003ca href=\"http://www.npr.org/\">http://www.npr.org/\u003c/a>.\u003cimg decoding=\"async\" src=\"https://www.google-analytics.com/__utm.gif?utmac=UA-5828686-4&utmdt=FACT+CHECK%3A+Migrants+Are+Not+Overwhelming+The+Southwest+Border+&utme=8(APIKey)9(MDAxOTAwOTE4MDEyMTkxMDAzNjczZDljZA004)\">\u003c/div>\n\u003cdiv>\u003c/div>\n\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>",
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"disqusTitle": "Bay Area Law Professors Call Trump's Plan to End Birthright Citizenship 'Ludicrous'",
"title": "Bay Area Law Professors Call Trump's Plan to End Birthright Citizenship 'Ludicrous'",
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"content": "\u003cp>President Trump's apparent plan to use an executive order to end birthright citizenship for babies born to noncitizens in the United States amounts to an unconstitutional power grab aimed at firing up the president's base, according to almost a dozen Bay Area law professors specializing in immigration and constitutional law.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In \u003ca href=\"https://www.axios.com/trump-birthright-citizenship-executive-order-0cf4285a-16c6-48f2-a933-bd71fd72ea82.html\">an interview\u003c/a> Monday with reporters from the news outlet Axios, Trump said that instead of trying to change the Constitution through an act of Congress, he wants to strip birthright citizenship, something currently guaranteed by the \u003ca href=\"https://www.archives.gov/founding-docs/amendments-11-27\">14th Amendment\u003c/a>, from the nation's laws through an executive order. Trump made the assertion in response to a question from Axios reporter Jonathan Swan.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Eleven law professors contacted by KQED — at UC Berkeley, UC Hastings College of the Law, Stanford University, the University of San Francisco and Santa Clara University — all pushed back against the idea, which they said is bound to lead to challenges in federal court.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"The 14th Amendment is clear that all born in the United States are citizens of the United States,\" said Erwin Chemerinsky, dean of UC Berkeley Law. \"The president has no authority to change this by executive order.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>USF's Jacqueline Brown Scott, a supervising attorney at the school's Immigration and Deportation Defense Clinic, called the idea \"most definitely unconstitutional\" and \"ludicrous.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Only a constitutional amendment or Supreme Court ruling could change the birthright citizenship clause, according to Santa Clara Law's Margaret Russell.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"This appears to be one more attempt for the president to expand executive power and dare anyone to stop him,\" Russell said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Hastings professors Rory Little and Matthew Cole as well as USF's Bill Ong Hing emphasize that the 14th Amendment's language is straightforward.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>It states:\u003c/p>\n\u003cblockquote>\u003cp>All persons born or naturalized in the United States, and subject to the jurisdiction thereof, are citizens of the United States and of the State wherein they reside.\u003c/p>\u003c/blockquote>\n\u003cp>Several professors noted that Trump's interview with Axios, revealing the idea of an executive order on the issue, comes one week before voters head to the polls for the midterm election.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"This is a terrible move and designed to intimidate voters and energize Trump's base,\" said Bernadette Meyler, professor of law and co-associate dean for curriculum at Stanford.\u003c/p>\n\u003caside class=\"alignright\">\n\u003ch3>\u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/news/11702389/trump-says-he-will-void-birthright-citizenship-law-through-executive-order\">Paul Ryan Dismisses Trump Plan to Void Birthright Citizenship Law by Executive Order\u003c/a>\u003c/h3>\n\u003cfigure>\u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/news/11702389/trump-says-he-will-void-birthright-citizenship-law-through-executive-order\">\u003cimg src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2018/10/PaulRyan-1180x787.jpg\" alt=\"\">\u003c/a>\u003c/figure>\n\u003c/aside>\n\u003cp>Julie Nice, a USF law professor, said she is certain most constitutional law scholars view the proposal as \"blatantly\" unconstitutional.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"The pattern of the Trump administration is to make proposals that serve political purposes even if they are outside of clear constitutional bounds,\" Nice said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Santa Clara Law's Pratheepan Gulasekaram agreed.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"The notion that the president, on his own unilateral decision making, can change the Constitution, is absolutely absurd,\" Gulasekaram said in an interview. \"It very well might not be that the end goal here is to actually change it through executive order, but to fire up a base.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>USF's Maya Manian called Trump's idea another unwarranted attack on immigrants' rights.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"We have a long history of attacks on birthright citizenship in the U.S., particularly during important election cycles,\" Manian said. \"Scapegoating immigrants has been a hallmark of the Trump presidency.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Critics of birthright citizenship say it encourages immigrants who want to travel to the U.S. to have their babies here.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The birthright issue became part of Trump's hard-line policies on immigration as a presidential candidate.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Trump told Axios on HBO that he no longer believes a constitutional amendment is needed to change the policy. In response to a question from Swan, he said he had spoken to legal counsel about the idea of an executive order, and added vaguely, \"It's in the process. It'll happen.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>USF Law Professor Luke Boso says the move \"appears to be a purely political tactic to fan the partisan flames in Trump's base.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003caside class=\"pullquote alignright\">'Conservatives should reject Trump’s nativist siren song and reaffirm the law and policy of one of the Republican Party’s greatest achievements: The 14th Amendment.'\u003ccite>UC Berkeley Law Professor John Yoo\u003c/cite>\u003c/aside>\n\u003cp>\"Paired with Trump's precision-like focus on the caravan of migrants moving towards the U.S. from Central America, Trump seems to be betting that racialized anti-immigrant rhetoric is a good strategy for motivating far-right voters.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>One legal scholar who has been defending the president's plan is John Eastman, a law professor at Chapman University in Orange County.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Eastman says birthright citizenship is not mandated by the 14th Amendment and is not what the framers intended.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"You've got to be born on U.S. soil and you have to be subject to the jurisdiction of the United States, and by that they meant the complete jurisdiction, not mere temporary or partial or territorial jurisdiction,\" Eastman said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>UC Berkeley Law Professor John Yoo, a conservative like Eastman, disagreed.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In an \u003ca href=\"https://americanmind.org/features/the-case-against-birthright-citizenship/settled-law-birthright-citizenship-and-the-14th-amendment/?fbclid=IwAR1MdMMSdGgvXLEmJFRfox1Lps4ASS03eVzBqB1H1ETWgv02dZPTNojLp04\">article\u003c/a> posted Oct. 25 in The American Mind, a publication of The Claremont Institute, Yoo wrote that Eastman's view of the 14th Amendment phrase \"subject to the jurisdiction thereof\" is mistaken.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"If the 14th Amendment’s drafters had wanted 'jurisdiction' to exclude children of aliens, they easily could have required citizenship only for those with no 'allegiance to a foreign power,'\" Yoo wrote.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"Conservatives should reject Trump’s nativist siren song and reaffirm the law and policy of one of the Republican Party’s greatest achievements: The 14th Amendment,\" Yoo continued. \"According to the best reading of its text, structure, and history, anyone born on American territory, no matter their national origin, ethnicity or station in life, is an American citizen.\"\u003c/p>\n\n",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>President Trump's apparent plan to use an executive order to end birthright citizenship for babies born to noncitizens in the United States amounts to an unconstitutional power grab aimed at firing up the president's base, according to almost a dozen Bay Area law professors specializing in immigration and constitutional law.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In \u003ca href=\"https://www.axios.com/trump-birthright-citizenship-executive-order-0cf4285a-16c6-48f2-a933-bd71fd72ea82.html\">an interview\u003c/a> Monday with reporters from the news outlet Axios, Trump said that instead of trying to change the Constitution through an act of Congress, he wants to strip birthright citizenship, something currently guaranteed by the \u003ca href=\"https://www.archives.gov/founding-docs/amendments-11-27\">14th Amendment\u003c/a>, from the nation's laws through an executive order. Trump made the assertion in response to a question from Axios reporter Jonathan Swan.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Eleven law professors contacted by KQED — at UC Berkeley, UC Hastings College of the Law, Stanford University, the University of San Francisco and Santa Clara University — all pushed back against the idea, which they said is bound to lead to challenges in federal court.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"The 14th Amendment is clear that all born in the United States are citizens of the United States,\" said Erwin Chemerinsky, dean of UC Berkeley Law. \"The president has no authority to change this by executive order.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>USF's Jacqueline Brown Scott, a supervising attorney at the school's Immigration and Deportation Defense Clinic, called the idea \"most definitely unconstitutional\" and \"ludicrous.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Only a constitutional amendment or Supreme Court ruling could change the birthright citizenship clause, according to Santa Clara Law's Margaret Russell.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"This appears to be one more attempt for the president to expand executive power and dare anyone to stop him,\" Russell said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Hastings professors Rory Little and Matthew Cole as well as USF's Bill Ong Hing emphasize that the 14th Amendment's language is straightforward.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>It states:\u003c/p>\n\u003cblockquote>\u003cp>All persons born or naturalized in the United States, and subject to the jurisdiction thereof, are citizens of the United States and of the State wherein they reside.\u003c/p>\u003c/blockquote>\n\u003cp>Several professors noted that Trump's interview with Axios, revealing the idea of an executive order on the issue, comes one week before voters head to the polls for the midterm election.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"This is a terrible move and designed to intimidate voters and energize Trump's base,\" said Bernadette Meyler, professor of law and co-associate dean for curriculum at Stanford.\u003c/p>\n\u003caside class=\"alignright\">\n\u003ch3>\u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/news/11702389/trump-says-he-will-void-birthright-citizenship-law-through-executive-order\">Paul Ryan Dismisses Trump Plan to Void Birthright Citizenship Law by Executive Order\u003c/a>\u003c/h3>\n\u003cfigure>\u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/news/11702389/trump-says-he-will-void-birthright-citizenship-law-through-executive-order\">\u003cimg src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2018/10/PaulRyan-1180x787.jpg\" alt=\"\">\u003c/a>\u003c/figure>\n\u003c/aside>\n\u003cp>Julie Nice, a USF law professor, said she is certain most constitutional law scholars view the proposal as \"blatantly\" unconstitutional.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"The pattern of the Trump administration is to make proposals that serve political purposes even if they are outside of clear constitutional bounds,\" Nice said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Santa Clara Law's Pratheepan Gulasekaram agreed.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"The notion that the president, on his own unilateral decision making, can change the Constitution, is absolutely absurd,\" Gulasekaram said in an interview. \"It very well might not be that the end goal here is to actually change it through executive order, but to fire up a base.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>USF's Maya Manian called Trump's idea another unwarranted attack on immigrants' rights.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"We have a long history of attacks on birthright citizenship in the U.S., particularly during important election cycles,\" Manian said. \"Scapegoating immigrants has been a hallmark of the Trump presidency.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Critics of birthright citizenship say it encourages immigrants who want to travel to the U.S. to have their babies here.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The birthright issue became part of Trump's hard-line policies on immigration as a presidential candidate.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Trump told Axios on HBO that he no longer believes a constitutional amendment is needed to change the policy. In response to a question from Swan, he said he had spoken to legal counsel about the idea of an executive order, and added vaguely, \"It's in the process. It'll happen.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>USF Law Professor Luke Boso says the move \"appears to be a purely political tactic to fan the partisan flames in Trump's base.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003caside class=\"pullquote alignright\">'Conservatives should reject Trump’s nativist siren song and reaffirm the law and policy of one of the Republican Party’s greatest achievements: The 14th Amendment.'\u003ccite>UC Berkeley Law Professor John Yoo\u003c/cite>\u003c/aside>\n\u003cp>\"Paired with Trump's precision-like focus on the caravan of migrants moving towards the U.S. from Central America, Trump seems to be betting that racialized anti-immigrant rhetoric is a good strategy for motivating far-right voters.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>One legal scholar who has been defending the president's plan is John Eastman, a law professor at Chapman University in Orange County.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Eastman says birthright citizenship is not mandated by the 14th Amendment and is not what the framers intended.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"You've got to be born on U.S. soil and you have to be subject to the jurisdiction of the United States, and by that they meant the complete jurisdiction, not mere temporary or partial or territorial jurisdiction,\" Eastman said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>UC Berkeley Law Professor John Yoo, a conservative like Eastman, disagreed.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In an \u003ca href=\"https://americanmind.org/features/the-case-against-birthright-citizenship/settled-law-birthright-citizenship-and-the-14th-amendment/?fbclid=IwAR1MdMMSdGgvXLEmJFRfox1Lps4ASS03eVzBqB1H1ETWgv02dZPTNojLp04\">article\u003c/a> posted Oct. 25 in The American Mind, a publication of The Claremont Institute, Yoo wrote that Eastman's view of the 14th Amendment phrase \"subject to the jurisdiction thereof\" is mistaken.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"If the 14th Amendment’s drafters had wanted 'jurisdiction' to exclude children of aliens, they easily could have required citizenship only for those with no 'allegiance to a foreign power,'\" Yoo wrote.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"Conservatives should reject Trump’s nativist siren song and reaffirm the law and policy of one of the Republican Party’s greatest achievements: The 14th Amendment,\" Yoo continued. \"According to the best reading of its text, structure, and history, anyone born on American territory, no matter their national origin, ethnicity or station in life, is an American citizen.\"\u003c/p>\n\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>",
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"content": "\u003cp>After President Trump slapped tariffs on aluminum and steel coming from the European Union, Canada and Mexico in May, Mexico responded with tariffs of its own on U.S-made cheese and a slew of other products in retaliation.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The United States-Mexico-Canada Agreement (USMCA), the successor to NAFTA, was \u003ca href=\"https://www.nytimes.com/2018/10/01/business/trump-nafta-usmca-differences.html\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">agreed upon\u003c/a> by the U.S., Canada and Mexico earlier this month. But it didn’t do anything to address Trump’s metals tariffs, and cheese remains a part of the United States’ trade war with Mexico.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Exports are an increasingly important way California’s cheese processors make money. And because Mexico represents a huge chunk of those exports, they’re feeling the pressure.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In 2016, almost a third of the state’s dairy products were exported to Mexico, according to \u003ca href=\"https://www.cdfa.ca.gov/statistics/PDFs/2017AgExports.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">data\u003c/a> from the California Department of Food and Agriculture. Canada is a distant second, followed by China.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>At the Peluso Cheese manufacturing facility in the Central Valley city of Los Banos, three women grind Cotija Molido into a crumble that’s used in traditional Mexican and Central American cooking.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The women stand as they work in a small refrigerated room cordoned off from the rest of the building with a plastic curtain. Before it leaves this part of the facility, the cheese will be bagged, labeled and boxed for shipping.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Cotija Molido is one of several cheeses — along with Oaxaca and Panela — that Peluso sells to consumers south of the border.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Rene Reynoso, Peluso’s chief operating officer, said they ship 40,000 pounds of cheese to Mexico each month. He’d been planning to increase that by a factor of five, to 200,000 pounds of cheese per month.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But then, he hit the brakes.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“We basically saw everything that was going on with the trade wars and we said ‘uh-oh.’ That’s going to create problems for our business,” Reynoso said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Mexico has enacted tariffs of as much as 25 percent on cheese made in the United States.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Mexican people living in Mexico won’t be able to afford this cheese. They’re going to feel that the price is too high for their budgets,” Reynoso said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Peluso Cheese is shelving its once ambitious expansion plans. Plans to add 10 to 12 people to the staff of 35 are on hold. And for those who already had jobs, they’re getting fewer hours each week.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11702478\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 800px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-medium wp-image-11702478\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2018/10/CheeseBags-800x598.jpg\" alt=\"Bags of Cotija Molido cheese at the Peluso Cheese facility, ready for shipping.\" width=\"800\" height=\"598\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2018/10/CheeseBags-800x598.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2018/10/CheeseBags-160x120.jpg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2018/10/CheeseBags-1020x763.jpg 1020w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2018/10/CheeseBags-1200x898.jpg 1200w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2018/10/CheeseBags.jpg 1920w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2018/10/CheeseBags-1180x883.jpg 1180w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2018/10/CheeseBags-960x718.jpg 960w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2018/10/CheeseBags-240x180.jpg 240w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2018/10/CheeseBags-375x280.jpg 375w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2018/10/CheeseBags-520x389.jpg 520w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Bags of Cotija Molido cheese at the Peluso Cheese facility, ready for shipping. \u003ccite>(Lily Jamali/KQED)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Reynoso thinks in the long run, he and others will benefit from Trump’s trade war.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“I do support his decision to even the playing field on trade,” Reynoso said. “A lot of countries have taken advantage of the United States, and past presidents weren’t actually doing anything about it.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But in the short term, Mexico’s tariffs have hit the dairy industry hard.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Last week, the National Milk Producers Federation \u003ca href=\"http://www.nmpf.org/latest-news/press-releases/oct-2018/oct-24-nmpf-asks-usda-bolster-dairy-aid-package\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">sent a letter\u003c/a> to Agriculture Secretary Sonny Perdue to highlight its estimate that milk producers have experienced more than $1 billion in lost income since May to tariff retaliation.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>At Hilmar Cheese Company, a large cheese processor in Turlock that sells to brands and restaurants around the world, CEO David Ahlem says there could be long-term impacts as his customers look for a short-term fix.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“My fear is that this will have long-term impacts in the supply chain as they go and look for cheese from other places, whether that’s the European Union or Australia and New Zealand, and believe you me, they’re standing at the door ready to fill those markets and sell them some cheese.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In other words, once those customers go elsewhere, they might not come back, even after the trade wars are done.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>After President Trump slapped tariffs on aluminum and steel coming from the European Union, Canada and Mexico in May, Mexico responded with tariffs of its own on U.S-made cheese and a slew of other products in retaliation.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The United States-Mexico-Canada Agreement (USMCA), the successor to NAFTA, was \u003ca href=\"https://www.nytimes.com/2018/10/01/business/trump-nafta-usmca-differences.html\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">agreed upon\u003c/a> by the U.S., Canada and Mexico earlier this month. But it didn’t do anything to address Trump’s metals tariffs, and cheese remains a part of the United States’ trade war with Mexico.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Exports are an increasingly important way California’s cheese processors make money. And because Mexico represents a huge chunk of those exports, they’re feeling the pressure.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In 2016, almost a third of the state’s dairy products were exported to Mexico, according to \u003ca href=\"https://www.cdfa.ca.gov/statistics/PDFs/2017AgExports.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">data\u003c/a> from the California Department of Food and Agriculture. Canada is a distant second, followed by China.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>At the Peluso Cheese manufacturing facility in the Central Valley city of Los Banos, three women grind Cotija Molido into a crumble that’s used in traditional Mexican and Central American cooking.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The women stand as they work in a small refrigerated room cordoned off from the rest of the building with a plastic curtain. Before it leaves this part of the facility, the cheese will be bagged, labeled and boxed for shipping.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Cotija Molido is one of several cheeses — along with Oaxaca and Panela — that Peluso sells to consumers south of the border.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Rene Reynoso, Peluso’s chief operating officer, said they ship 40,000 pounds of cheese to Mexico each month. He’d been planning to increase that by a factor of five, to 200,000 pounds of cheese per month.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But then, he hit the brakes.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“We basically saw everything that was going on with the trade wars and we said ‘uh-oh.’ That’s going to create problems for our business,” Reynoso said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Mexico has enacted tariffs of as much as 25 percent on cheese made in the United States.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Mexican people living in Mexico won’t be able to afford this cheese. They’re going to feel that the price is too high for their budgets,” Reynoso said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Peluso Cheese is shelving its once ambitious expansion plans. Plans to add 10 to 12 people to the staff of 35 are on hold. And for those who already had jobs, they’re getting fewer hours each week.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11702478\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 800px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-medium wp-image-11702478\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2018/10/CheeseBags-800x598.jpg\" alt=\"Bags of Cotija Molido cheese at the Peluso Cheese facility, ready for shipping.\" width=\"800\" height=\"598\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2018/10/CheeseBags-800x598.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2018/10/CheeseBags-160x120.jpg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2018/10/CheeseBags-1020x763.jpg 1020w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2018/10/CheeseBags-1200x898.jpg 1200w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2018/10/CheeseBags.jpg 1920w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2018/10/CheeseBags-1180x883.jpg 1180w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2018/10/CheeseBags-960x718.jpg 960w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2018/10/CheeseBags-240x180.jpg 240w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2018/10/CheeseBags-375x280.jpg 375w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2018/10/CheeseBags-520x389.jpg 520w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Bags of Cotija Molido cheese at the Peluso Cheese facility, ready for shipping. \u003ccite>(Lily Jamali/KQED)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Reynoso thinks in the long run, he and others will benefit from Trump’s trade war.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“I do support his decision to even the playing field on trade,” Reynoso said. “A lot of countries have taken advantage of the United States, and past presidents weren’t actually doing anything about it.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But in the short term, Mexico’s tariffs have hit the dairy industry hard.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Last week, the National Milk Producers Federation \u003ca href=\"http://www.nmpf.org/latest-news/press-releases/oct-2018/oct-24-nmpf-asks-usda-bolster-dairy-aid-package\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">sent a letter\u003c/a> to Agriculture Secretary Sonny Perdue to highlight its estimate that milk producers have experienced more than $1 billion in lost income since May to tariff retaliation.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>At Hilmar Cheese Company, a large cheese processor in Turlock that sells to brands and restaurants around the world, CEO David Ahlem says there could be long-term impacts as his customers look for a short-term fix.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“My fear is that this will have long-term impacts in the supply chain as they go and look for cheese from other places, whether that’s the European Union or Australia and New Zealand, and believe you me, they’re standing at the door ready to fill those markets and sell them some cheese.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In other words, once those customers go elsewhere, they might not come back, even after the trade wars are done.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>",
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"content": "\u003cp>In addition to \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/news/11702079/as-trump-threatens-migrant-caravan-becerra-decries-facile-use-of-troops\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">sending 5,200 troops\u003c/a> to the U.S. border with Mexico, President Trump plans to use an executive order to \u003ca href=\"http://bit.ly/fiorebirthright\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">end birthright citizenship\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The first line of the 14th Amendment of the Constitution states: \"All persons born or naturalized in the United States, and subject to the jurisdiction thereof, are citizens of the United States and of the State wherein they reside.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Trump believes he can avoid having an act of Congress change the Constitution and instead issue an executive order, a point on which \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/news/11702387/bay-area-law-professors-call-trumps-plan-to-end-birthright-citizenship-ludicrous\" rel=\"noopener\" target=\"_blank\">many legal experts beg to differ\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n",
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"excerpt": " In addition to sending 5,200 troops to the U.S. border with Mexico, President Trump plans to use an executive order to end birthright citizenship. ",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>In addition to \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/news/11702079/as-trump-threatens-migrant-caravan-becerra-decries-facile-use-of-troops\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">sending 5,200 troops\u003c/a> to the U.S. border with Mexico, President Trump plans to use an executive order to \u003ca href=\"http://bit.ly/fiorebirthright\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">end birthright citizenship\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The first line of the 14th Amendment of the Constitution states: \"All persons born or naturalized in the United States, and subject to the jurisdiction thereof, are citizens of the United States and of the State wherein they reside.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Trump believes he can avoid having an act of Congress change the Constitution and instead issue an executive order, a point on which \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/news/11702387/bay-area-law-professors-call-trumps-plan-to-end-birthright-citizenship-ludicrous\" rel=\"noopener\" target=\"_blank\">many legal experts beg to differ\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"disqusTitle": "Paul Ryan Dismisses Trump Plan to Void Birthright Citizenship Law by Executive Order",
"title": "Paul Ryan Dismisses Trump Plan to Void Birthright Citizenship Law by Executive Order",
"headTitle": "The California Report | KQED News",
"content": "\u003cp>House Speaker Paul Ryan pushed back on Tuesday on President Trump's claim that he can strip birthright citizenship from the U.S. via executive order, saying such a move would be \"unconstitutional.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"Well, you obviously cannot do that,\" Ryan told \u003ca href=\"http://www.wvlkam.com/\">radio station WVLK\u003c/a> in Kentucky. \"You cannot end birthright citizenship with an executive order.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Ryan noted any changes to a constitutional amendment require an act of Congress, adding: \"We didn't like it when Obama tried changing immigration laws via executive action, and obviously as conservatives we believe in the Constitution. ... I'm a believer in following the plain text of the Constitution and I think in this case the 14th Amendment is pretty clear, and that would involve a very, very lengthy constitutional process.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Trump announced his plan to circumvent Congress to revoke the 150-year-old birthright law \u003ca href=\"https://www.axios.com/trump-birthright-citizenship-executive-order-0cf4285a-16c6-48f2-a933-bd71fd72ea82.html\">in an interview\u003c/a> with \u003cem>Axios on HBO\u003c/em> that is slated to air Sunday.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"It was always told to me that you needed a constitutional amendment. Guess what? You don't,\" Trump said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=H0d21nQBY8o\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The potential move, which would very likely trigger numerous legal challenges, would seek to end the conferring of citizenship on all children born in the U.S. — which is currently guaranteed by the \u003ca href=\"http://constitutioncenter.org/constitution/the-amendments/amendment-14-citizenship-rights\">14th Amendment \u003c/a>— including children of noncitizen parents.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The first sentence of the amendment reads: \"All persons born or naturalized in the United States, and subject to the jurisdiction thereof, are citizens of the United States and of the State wherein they reside.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The concept is based on \u003cem>jus soli\u003c/em> — \"right of the soil\" — meaning that children born in the U.S. have a claim to citizenship, even if their parents lack legal documentation to be in the country.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Trump has mentioned the idea of voiding the amendment before, most notably \u003ca href=\"https://www.npr.org/sections/itsallpolitics/2015/08/22/433621593/will-gops-efforts-to-reach-out-to-hispanics-survive-these-primaries\">in August 2015\u003c/a>, when the birthright issue became part of his hard-line policies on immigration as a presidential candidate. Now Trump is discussing the birthright citizenship law roughly one week before U.S. voters will head to the polls for the 2018 midterm election.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In addition to guaranteeing citizenship by birth in the U.S., the 14th Amendment bars states from denying essential rights without due process. As \u003ca href=\"https://www.loc.gov/rr/program/bib/ourdocs/14thamendment.html\">the Library of Congress notes\u003c/a>, the amendment \"greatly expanded the protection of civil rights to all Americans and is cited in more litigation than any other amendment.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The amendment's final section notes that it is Congress — not the president — who has the power \"to enforce, by appropriate legislation, the provisions of this article.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003caside class=\"alignright\">\n\u003ch3>\u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/news/11702387/bay-area-law-professors-call-trumps-plan-to-end-birthright-citizenship-ludicrous\">Bay Area Law Professors Call Trump's Plan to End Birthright Citizenship 'Ludicrous'\u003c/a>\u003c/h3>\n\u003cfigure>\u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/news/11702387/bay-area-law-professors-call-trumps-plan-to-end-birthright-citizenship-ludicrous\">\u003cimg src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2018/10/Trump-1180x839.jpg\" alt=\"\">\u003c/a>\u003c/figure>\n\u003c/aside>\n\u003cp>The 14th Amendment became law in 1868, as a rebuke to the Supreme Court's \u003cem>Dred Scott\u003c/em> decision, which had held that freed slaves were not U.S. citizens. Since then, its meaning and reach have been debated in courtrooms and in American society, with many questions centering on the phrase \"the jurisdiction thereof.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"That means that they are subject to the laws of the United States, that they can, for example, be prosecuted for violating American law,\" constitutional law professor Suzanna Sherry \u003ca href=\"https://www.npr.org/2015/08/19/432910305/trump-immigration-plan-raises-legal-questions-about-birthright-citizenship\">told NPR in 2015\u003c/a>. The law excludes, for instance, the children of foreign diplomats.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In the 1860s, it was intended both to grant citizenship to freed slaves and to give peace of mind to immigrants.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>As Sherry, who teaches at Vanderbilt University, told NPR in 2015, \"the United States had experienced quite a bit of immigration, and immigration was viewed as a very good thing. And so this was essentially putting out a welcome mat to immigrants by ensuring that their children born here would be citizens.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>To change the law, Sherry said, you would need to either amend the 14th Amendment through Congress or ask the Supreme Court to overturn its earlier interpretation of the law and limit its benefit to people who are in the U.S. legally.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>While many legal scholars agree, the president says he has the power to act on his own.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"You can definitely do it with an act of Congress,\" Trump said in the \u003cem>Axios on HBO\u003c/em> interview. \"But now they're saying I can do it just with an executive order.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>He added, \"We're the only country in the world where a person comes in, has a baby, and the baby is essentially a citizen of the United States for 85 years, with all of those benefits. It's ridiculous. It's ridiculous, and it has to end.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But birthright citizenship is the law of at least 30 countries, including many U.S. neighbors in North and South America. All of the countries in Europe grant automatic citizenship by \u003cem>jus sanguinis — \u003c/em>by \"right of blood.\" Some, like France, also offer a path to children of immigrants to acquire citizenship at age 18.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The president said he has spoken about the birthright issue with the White House counsel. As for when he might act, Trump said, \"It's in the process. It'll happen — with an executive order.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Responding to the president's words, Mark Krikorian, the executive director of the Center for Immigration Studies, predicted, \"This will set up the court fight.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>CIS identifies itself as a nonpartisan think tank, but it has consistently called for tougher U.S. immigration policies, and the Southern Poverty Law Center \u003ca href=\"https://www.splcenter.org/fighting-hate/extremist-files/group/center-immigration-studies\">has designated it a hate group\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>If Trump moves ahead with his plan, \u003ca href=\"https://twitter.com/MarkSKrikorian/status/1057241560616747009\">Krikorian said via Twitter\u003c/a>, \"the order will be enjoined, case will eventually reach SCOTUS, which then will finally have to rule on the meaning of 'subject to the jurisdiction.'\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c!-- iframe plugin v.4.3 wordpress.org/plugins/iframe/ -->\u003cbr>\n\u003ciframe src=\"https://www.npr.org/player/embed/662043904/662102093\" width=\"100%\" height=\"290\" frameborder=\"0\" scrolling=\"no\" title=\"NPR embedded audio player\" class=\"iframe-class\">\u003c/iframe>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Critics of birthright citizenship have said it encourages pregnant women who want to immigrate to travel to the U.S. to have their babies, hoping to gain citizenship for their children and, they say, potentially easing their own path to becoming U.S. citizens. But immigration advocates say those concerns are overblown — part of a campaign to stir up voters in an election season.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>While it's difficult to track the exact number of children whose parents are in the U.S. illegally, \u003ca href=\"http://www.pewresearch.org/fact-tank/2016/11/17/children-of-unauthorized-immigrants-represent-rising-share-of-k-12-students/\">the Pew Research Center has reported\u003c/a> that in 2014, 3.2 million children — nearly 6 percent of all K-12 students in the U.S. — had at least one unauthorized immigrant parent and were citizens because they were born in the U.S.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>If Trump were able to somehow roll back part of the 14th Amendment, the policy shift would not reduce the number of undocumented immigrants in the U.S., according to \u003ca href=\"https://www.migrationpolicy.org/news/repealing-birthright-citizenship-unintended-consequences\">the Migration Policy Institute\u003c/a>. In fact, it could do the opposite: When the group did a study projecting the effects of a potential repeal of birthright citizenship in 2015, it found that such a change would add millions of people to America's undocumented population within a few decades, essentially creating a new underclass.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>And besides, MPI's Michael Fix wrote when that study was published, \"Birthright citizenship is not what drives illegal immigration. Surveys have found that people come for jobs and to better their lives.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Krikorian of the CIS said an executive order on the issue is \"long overdue.\" But Trump's idea to revoke birthright citizenship is \"ill-timed\" and misguided, says Kristen Clarke, the executive director of the Lawyers' Committee for Civil Rights Under Law.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"Aside from being unconstitutional, such an executive order would exacerbate racial tensions, exploit fears and drive further polarization across the country at a moment that calls for the promotion of unity and inclusion,\" Clarke said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Jess Morales Rocketto, whose Families Belong Together group has fought the\u003cstrong> \u003c/strong>Trump administration's family separation policy along the U.S.-Mexico border, was more blunt.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"This is ethnic cleansing,\" Rocketto said. \"This is an attempt to white-out America's history and heritage as a nation of immigrants. And it's unconstitutional.\" \u003c/p>\n\u003cdiv class=\"fullattribution\">Copyright 2018 NPR. To see more, visit http://www.npr.org/.\u003cimg src=\"https://www.google-analytics.com/__utm.gif?utmac=UA-5828686-4&utmdt=Paul+Ryan+Dismisses+Trump+Plan+To+Void+Birthright+Citizenship+Law+By+Executive+Order&utme=8(APIKey)9(MDAxOTAwOTE4MDEyMTkxMDAzNjczZDljZA004)\">\u003c/div>\n\u003cp>[ad floatright]\u003c/p>\n",
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"excerpt": "The Republican House speaker said, \"Well, you obviously cannot do that.\" He added any effort to circumvent Congress would be \"unconstitutional.\"",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>House Speaker Paul Ryan pushed back on Tuesday on President Trump's claim that he can strip birthright citizenship from the U.S. via executive order, saying such a move would be \"unconstitutional.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"Well, you obviously cannot do that,\" Ryan told \u003ca href=\"http://www.wvlkam.com/\">radio station WVLK\u003c/a> in Kentucky. \"You cannot end birthright citizenship with an executive order.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Ryan noted any changes to a constitutional amendment require an act of Congress, adding: \"We didn't like it when Obama tried changing immigration laws via executive action, and obviously as conservatives we believe in the Constitution. ... I'm a believer in following the plain text of the Constitution and I think in this case the 14th Amendment is pretty clear, and that would involve a very, very lengthy constitutional process.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Trump announced his plan to circumvent Congress to revoke the 150-year-old birthright law \u003ca href=\"https://www.axios.com/trump-birthright-citizenship-executive-order-0cf4285a-16c6-48f2-a933-bd71fd72ea82.html\">in an interview\u003c/a> with \u003cem>Axios on HBO\u003c/em> that is slated to air Sunday.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"It was always told to me that you needed a constitutional amendment. Guess what? You don't,\" Trump said.\u003c/p>\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003cspan class='utils-parseShortcode-shortcodes-__youtubeShortcode__embedYoutube'>\n \u003cspan class='utils-parseShortcode-shortcodes-__youtubeShortcode__embedYoutubeInside'>\n \u003ciframe\n loading='lazy'\n class='utils-parseShortcode-shortcodes-__youtubeShortcode__youtubePlayer'\n type='text/html'\n src='//www.youtube.com/embed/H0d21nQBY8o'\n title='//www.youtube.com/embed/H0d21nQBY8o'\n allowfullscreen='true'\n style='border:0;'>\u003c/iframe>\n \u003c/span>\n \u003c/span>\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003cp>The potential move, which would very likely trigger numerous legal challenges, would seek to end the conferring of citizenship on all children born in the U.S. — which is currently guaranteed by the \u003ca href=\"http://constitutioncenter.org/constitution/the-amendments/amendment-14-citizenship-rights\">14th Amendment \u003c/a>— including children of noncitizen parents.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The first sentence of the amendment reads: \"All persons born or naturalized in the United States, and subject to the jurisdiction thereof, are citizens of the United States and of the State wherein they reside.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The concept is based on \u003cem>jus soli\u003c/em> — \"right of the soil\" — meaning that children born in the U.S. have a claim to citizenship, even if their parents lack legal documentation to be in the country.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Trump has mentioned the idea of voiding the amendment before, most notably \u003ca href=\"https://www.npr.org/sections/itsallpolitics/2015/08/22/433621593/will-gops-efforts-to-reach-out-to-hispanics-survive-these-primaries\">in August 2015\u003c/a>, when the birthright issue became part of his hard-line policies on immigration as a presidential candidate. Now Trump is discussing the birthright citizenship law roughly one week before U.S. voters will head to the polls for the 2018 midterm election.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In addition to guaranteeing citizenship by birth in the U.S., the 14th Amendment bars states from denying essential rights without due process. As \u003ca href=\"https://www.loc.gov/rr/program/bib/ourdocs/14thamendment.html\">the Library of Congress notes\u003c/a>, the amendment \"greatly expanded the protection of civil rights to all Americans and is cited in more litigation than any other amendment.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The amendment's final section notes that it is Congress — not the president — who has the power \"to enforce, by appropriate legislation, the provisions of this article.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003caside class=\"alignright\">\n\u003ch3>\u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/news/11702387/bay-area-law-professors-call-trumps-plan-to-end-birthright-citizenship-ludicrous\">Bay Area Law Professors Call Trump's Plan to End Birthright Citizenship 'Ludicrous'\u003c/a>\u003c/h3>\n\u003cfigure>\u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/news/11702387/bay-area-law-professors-call-trumps-plan-to-end-birthright-citizenship-ludicrous\">\u003cimg src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2018/10/Trump-1180x839.jpg\" alt=\"\">\u003c/a>\u003c/figure>\n\u003c/aside>\n\u003cp>The 14th Amendment became law in 1868, as a rebuke to the Supreme Court's \u003cem>Dred Scott\u003c/em> decision, which had held that freed slaves were not U.S. citizens. Since then, its meaning and reach have been debated in courtrooms and in American society, with many questions centering on the phrase \"the jurisdiction thereof.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"That means that they are subject to the laws of the United States, that they can, for example, be prosecuted for violating American law,\" constitutional law professor Suzanna Sherry \u003ca href=\"https://www.npr.org/2015/08/19/432910305/trump-immigration-plan-raises-legal-questions-about-birthright-citizenship\">told NPR in 2015\u003c/a>. The law excludes, for instance, the children of foreign diplomats.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In the 1860s, it was intended both to grant citizenship to freed slaves and to give peace of mind to immigrants.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>As Sherry, who teaches at Vanderbilt University, told NPR in 2015, \"the United States had experienced quite a bit of immigration, and immigration was viewed as a very good thing. And so this was essentially putting out a welcome mat to immigrants by ensuring that their children born here would be citizens.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>To change the law, Sherry said, you would need to either amend the 14th Amendment through Congress or ask the Supreme Court to overturn its earlier interpretation of the law and limit its benefit to people who are in the U.S. legally.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>While many legal scholars agree, the president says he has the power to act on his own.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"You can definitely do it with an act of Congress,\" Trump said in the \u003cem>Axios on HBO\u003c/em> interview. \"But now they're saying I can do it just with an executive order.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>He added, \"We're the only country in the world where a person comes in, has a baby, and the baby is essentially a citizen of the United States for 85 years, with all of those benefits. It's ridiculous. It's ridiculous, and it has to end.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But birthright citizenship is the law of at least 30 countries, including many U.S. neighbors in North and South America. All of the countries in Europe grant automatic citizenship by \u003cem>jus sanguinis — \u003c/em>by \"right of blood.\" Some, like France, also offer a path to children of immigrants to acquire citizenship at age 18.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The president said he has spoken about the birthright issue with the White House counsel. As for when he might act, Trump said, \"It's in the process. It'll happen — with an executive order.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Responding to the president's words, Mark Krikorian, the executive director of the Center for Immigration Studies, predicted, \"This will set up the court fight.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>CIS identifies itself as a nonpartisan think tank, but it has consistently called for tougher U.S. immigration policies, and the Southern Poverty Law Center \u003ca href=\"https://www.splcenter.org/fighting-hate/extremist-files/group/center-immigration-studies\">has designated it a hate group\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>If Trump moves ahead with his plan, \u003ca href=\"https://twitter.com/MarkSKrikorian/status/1057241560616747009\">Krikorian said via Twitter\u003c/a>, \"the order will be enjoined, case will eventually reach SCOTUS, which then will finally have to rule on the meaning of 'subject to the jurisdiction.'\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c!-- iframe plugin v.4.3 wordpress.org/plugins/iframe/ -->\u003cbr>\n\u003ciframe src=\"https://www.npr.org/player/embed/662043904/662102093\" width=\"100%\" height=\"290\" frameborder=\"0\" scrolling=\"no\" title=\"NPR embedded audio player\" class=\"iframe-class\">\u003c/iframe>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Critics of birthright citizenship have said it encourages pregnant women who want to immigrate to travel to the U.S. to have their babies, hoping to gain citizenship for their children and, they say, potentially easing their own path to becoming U.S. citizens. But immigration advocates say those concerns are overblown — part of a campaign to stir up voters in an election season.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>While it's difficult to track the exact number of children whose parents are in the U.S. illegally, \u003ca href=\"http://www.pewresearch.org/fact-tank/2016/11/17/children-of-unauthorized-immigrants-represent-rising-share-of-k-12-students/\">the Pew Research Center has reported\u003c/a> that in 2014, 3.2 million children — nearly 6 percent of all K-12 students in the U.S. — had at least one unauthorized immigrant parent and were citizens because they were born in the U.S.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>If Trump were able to somehow roll back part of the 14th Amendment, the policy shift would not reduce the number of undocumented immigrants in the U.S., according to \u003ca href=\"https://www.migrationpolicy.org/news/repealing-birthright-citizenship-unintended-consequences\">the Migration Policy Institute\u003c/a>. In fact, it could do the opposite: When the group did a study projecting the effects of a potential repeal of birthright citizenship in 2015, it found that such a change would add millions of people to America's undocumented population within a few decades, essentially creating a new underclass.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>And besides, MPI's Michael Fix wrote when that study was published, \"Birthright citizenship is not what drives illegal immigration. Surveys have found that people come for jobs and to better their lives.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Krikorian of the CIS said an executive order on the issue is \"long overdue.\" But Trump's idea to revoke birthright citizenship is \"ill-timed\" and misguided, says Kristen Clarke, the executive director of the Lawyers' Committee for Civil Rights Under Law.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"Aside from being unconstitutional, such an executive order would exacerbate racial tensions, exploit fears and drive further polarization across the country at a moment that calls for the promotion of unity and inclusion,\" Clarke said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Jess Morales Rocketto, whose Families Belong Together group has fought the\u003cstrong> \u003c/strong>Trump administration's family separation policy along the U.S.-Mexico border, was more blunt.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"This is ethnic cleansing,\" Rocketto said. \"This is an attempt to white-out America's history and heritage as a nation of immigrants. And it's unconstitutional.\" \u003c/p>\n\u003cdiv class=\"fullattribution\">Copyright 2018 NPR. To see more, visit http://www.npr.org/.\u003cimg src=\"https://www.google-analytics.com/__utm.gif?utmac=UA-5828686-4&utmdt=Paul+Ryan+Dismisses+Trump+Plan+To+Void+Birthright+Citizenship+Law+By+Executive+Order&utme=8(APIKey)9(MDAxOTAwOTE4MDEyMTkxMDAzNjczZDljZA004)\">\u003c/div>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"disqusTitle": "Pentagon to Send 5,200 Troops to Border, Becerra Calls Deployment 'Disturbing'",
"title": "Pentagon to Send 5,200 Troops to Border, Becerra Calls Deployment 'Disturbing'",
"headTitle": "The California Report | KQED News",
"content": "\u003cp>WASHINGTON — A week out from the midterm elections, the Pentagon said Monday it is sending 5,200 troops, some armed, to the Southwest border this week in an extraordinary military operation to stop Central American migrants traveling north in two caravans that are still hundreds of miles from the U.S. The number of troops is more than double the 2,000 who are in Syria fighting the Islamic State group.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>President Trump, eager to focus voters on immigration in the lead-up to the elections, stepped up his warnings about the caravans, tweeting: \"This is an invasion of our Country and our Military is waiting for you!\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>https://twitter.com/realDonaldTrump/status/1056919064906469376\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Trump's warning came as the Pentagon began executing \"Operation Faithful Patriot,\" described by the commander of U.S. Northern Command as an effort to help U.S. Customs and Border Protection stiffen defenses at and near legal entry points. Advanced helicopters will allow border protection agents to swoop down on migrants trying to cross illegally, he said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"We're going to secure the border,\" Air Force Gen. Terrence O'Shaughnessy, the Northern Command leader, said at a news conference. He spoke alongside Kevin McAleenan, commissioner of Customs and Border Protection.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Eight hundred troops are already on their way to southern Texas, O'Shaughnessy said, and their numbers will top 5,200 by week's end. He said troops would focus first on Texas, followed by Arizona and then California.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Asked about the approaching caravan, California Attorney General Xavier Becerra pushed back on the notion that the migrants are violent and called Trump's plans to use American troops in response \"disturbing.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"My sense is that these migrants that are traveling by caravan are not looking for violence,\" Becerra said in an interview late last week with KQED.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"When you move troops anywhere, you're moving people who have been trained to defend this country to the point of killing others,\" he said. \"And so we've always been careful in how we deploy our troops. That this president makes such facile use of our troops is disturbing.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"I believe that this nation has a right as a sovereign nation to decide who comes into the country,\" Becerra added. \"And I believe anyone who wants to enter this country must do it according to our laws. But I also believe that our federal government must abide by those same laws when it exercises its powers in dealing with those who might want to enter the country. And so I fear that this administration is sending the wrong signals to people about how it approaches not just these migrants but the law.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11357550\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 800px\">\u003cimg class=\"size-medium wp-image-11357550\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2017/03/RS23547_GettyImages-530551244-qut-800x533.jpg\" alt=\"California Attorney General Xavier Becerra.\" width=\"800\" height=\"533\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/03/RS23547_GettyImages-530551244-qut-800x533.jpg 800w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/03/RS23547_GettyImages-530551244-qut-160x107.jpg 160w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/03/RS23547_GettyImages-530551244-qut-1020x680.jpg 1020w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/03/RS23547_GettyImages-530551244-qut.jpg 1920w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/03/RS23547_GettyImages-530551244-qut-1180x787.jpg 1180w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/03/RS23547_GettyImages-530551244-qut-960x640.jpg 960w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/03/RS23547_GettyImages-530551244-qut-240x160.jpg 240w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/03/RS23547_GettyImages-530551244-qut-375x250.jpg 375w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/03/RS23547_GettyImages-530551244-qut-520x347.jpg 520w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">California Attorney General Xavier Becerra. \u003ccite>(Drew Angerer/Getty Images)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>The number of people in the first caravan has dwindled to 3,500 from about 7,000, though a second one was gaining steam and marred by violence. About 600 migrants in the second group tried to cross a bridge from Guatemala to Mexico en masse on Monday, but were met by ranks of Mexican federal police who blocked them from entering. The riverbank standoff followed a more violent confrontation Sunday when the migrants used sticks and rocks against Mexico police. One migrant was killed Sunday night by a head wound, but the cause was unclear.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The first group passed through the spot via the river — wading or on rafts — and was advancing through southern Mexico. That group appeared to begin as a collection of about 160 who decided to band together in Honduras for protection against the gangs who prey on migrants traveling alone and snowballed as the group moved north. They are mostly from Honduras, where it started, as well as El Salvador and Guatemala.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Overall, they are poor, carrying belongings that fit into a knapsack and fleeing gang violence or poverty. It's possible there are criminals mixed in, but Trump has not substantiated his claim that members of the MS-13 gang, in particular, are among them.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11702183\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 800px\">\u003cimg class=\"wp-image-11702183 size-medium\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2018/10/MigrantsArrive-800x550.jpg\" alt=\"Some of the thousands of Central American migrants arrive into the small town of Santiago Niltepec on Oct. 29, 2018 in Santiago Niltepec, Mexico. Following a break on Sunday, the migrants, many of them fleeing violence in their home countries, resumed their march towards the U.S. border. As fatigue from the heat, distance, and poor sanitary conditions has set in, the numbers of people participating in the march has slowly dwindled, but a significant group are determined to get to the United Sates. \" width=\"800\" height=\"550\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2018/10/MigrantsArrive-800x550.jpg 800w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2018/10/MigrantsArrive-160x110.jpg 160w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2018/10/MigrantsArrive-1020x702.jpg 1020w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2018/10/MigrantsArrive-1200x826.jpg 1200w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2018/10/MigrantsArrive.jpg 1920w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2018/10/MigrantsArrive-1180x812.jpg 1180w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2018/10/MigrantsArrive-960x661.jpg 960w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2018/10/MigrantsArrive-240x165.jpg 240w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2018/10/MigrantsArrive-375x258.jpg 375w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2018/10/MigrantsArrive-520x358.jpg 520w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Some of the thousands of Central American migrants arrive in the small town of Santiago Niltepec on Oct. 29, 2018 in Santiago Niltepec, Mexico. Following a break on Sunday, the migrants, many of them fleeing violence in their home countries, resumed their march toward the U.S. border. As fatigue from the heat, distance and poor sanitary conditions have set in, the numbers of people participating in the march have slowly dwindled, but a significant group are determined to get to the United Sates. \u003ccite>(Spencer Platt/Getty Images)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>The president's dark description of the caravan belied the fact that any migrants who complete the long trek to the southern U.S. border already face major hurdles, both physical and bureaucratic, to being allowed into the United States. Migrants are entitled under both U.S. and international law to apply for asylum, but it may take a while to make a claim. There is already a bottleneck of asylum-seekers at some U.S. border crossings, in some cases as long as five weeks.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>McAleenan said the aim was to deter migrants from crossing illegally between ports, but he conceded his officers were overwhelmed by a surge of asylum-seekers. He also said Mexico was prepared to offer asylum to the caravan.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"If you're already seeking asylum, you've been given a generous offer,\" he said of Mexico. \"We want to work with Mexico to manage that flow.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The White House is also weighing additional border security measures, including blocking those traveling in the caravan from seeking legal asylum and preventing them from entering the U.S.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The military operation drew quick criticism.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"Sending active military forces to our southern border is not only a huge waste of taxpayer money, but an unnecessary course of action that will further terrorize and militarize our border communities,\" said Shaw Drake of the American Civil Liberties Union's border rights center at El Paso, Texas.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11702186\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 800px\">\u003cimg class=\"wp-image-11702186 size-medium\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2018/10/MigrantsMap-800x541.jpg\" alt=\"Some of the thousands of Central American migrants look at a map after arriving into the small town of Santiago Niltepec, Mexico on Oct. 29, 2018.\" width=\"800\" height=\"541\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2018/10/MigrantsMap-800x541.jpg 800w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2018/10/MigrantsMap-160x108.jpg 160w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2018/10/MigrantsMap-1020x690.jpg 1020w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2018/10/MigrantsMap-1200x811.jpg 1200w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2018/10/MigrantsMap.jpg 1920w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2018/10/MigrantsMap-1180x798.jpg 1180w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2018/10/MigrantsMap-960x649.jpg 960w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2018/10/MigrantsMap-240x162.jpg 240w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2018/10/MigrantsMap-375x254.jpg 375w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2018/10/MigrantsMap-520x352.jpg 520w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Some of the thousands of Central American migrants look at a map after arriving in the small town of Santiago Niltepec, Mexico, on Oct. 29, 2018. \u003ccite>(Spencer Platt/Getty Images)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Military personnel are legally prohibited from engaging in immigration enforcement. The troops will include military police, combat engineers and others helping on the southern border.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The escalating rhetoric and expected deployments come as the president has been trying to turn the caravans into a key election issue just days before the midterm elections that will determine whether Republicans maintain control of Congress.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"This will be the election of the caravans, the Kavanaughs, law and order, tax cuts, and you know what else? It's going to be the election of common sense,\" Trump said at a rally in Illinois on Saturday night.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>On Monday, he tweeted without providing evidence: \"Many Gang Members and some very bad people are mixed into the Caravan heading to our Southern Border.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"Please go back,\" he urged them, \"you will not be admitted into the United States unless you go through the legal process. This is an invasion of our Country and our Military is waiting for you!\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The troops are expected to perform a wide variety of functions, such as transporting supplies for the Border Patrol, but not engage directly with migrants seeking to cross the border, officials said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>One U.S. official said the troops will be sent initially to staging bases in California, Texas and Arizona while the CBP works out precisely where it wants the troops positioned. U.S. Transportation Command posted a video on its Facebook page Monday of a C-17 transport plane that it said was delivering Army equipment to the Southwest border in support of Operation Faithful Patriot.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The U.S. military has already begun delivering jersey barriers to the southern border in conjunction with the deployment plans.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad floatright]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>This post has been updated.\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\n",
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"excerpt": "President Trump escalated his threats against the slow-moving caravan on Monday as the Pentagon prepared to deploy thousands of troops. California’s attorney general called the use of troops ‘facile’ and ‘disturbing.’",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>WASHINGTON — A week out from the midterm elections, the Pentagon said Monday it is sending 5,200 troops, some armed, to the Southwest border this week in an extraordinary military operation to stop Central American migrants traveling north in two caravans that are still hundreds of miles from the U.S. The number of troops is more than double the 2,000 who are in Syria fighting the Islamic State group.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>President Trump, eager to focus voters on immigration in the lead-up to the elections, stepped up his warnings about the caravans, tweeting: \"This is an invasion of our Country and our Military is waiting for you!\"\u003c/p>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\n\u003cp>Trump's warning came as the Pentagon began executing \"Operation Faithful Patriot,\" described by the commander of U.S. Northern Command as an effort to help U.S. Customs and Border Protection stiffen defenses at and near legal entry points. Advanced helicopters will allow border protection agents to swoop down on migrants trying to cross illegally, he said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"We're going to secure the border,\" Air Force Gen. Terrence O'Shaughnessy, the Northern Command leader, said at a news conference. He spoke alongside Kevin McAleenan, commissioner of Customs and Border Protection.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Eight hundred troops are already on their way to southern Texas, O'Shaughnessy said, and their numbers will top 5,200 by week's end. He said troops would focus first on Texas, followed by Arizona and then California.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Asked about the approaching caravan, California Attorney General Xavier Becerra pushed back on the notion that the migrants are violent and called Trump's plans to use American troops in response \"disturbing.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"My sense is that these migrants that are traveling by caravan are not looking for violence,\" Becerra said in an interview late last week with KQED.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"When you move troops anywhere, you're moving people who have been trained to defend this country to the point of killing others,\" he said. \"And so we've always been careful in how we deploy our troops. That this president makes such facile use of our troops is disturbing.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"I believe that this nation has a right as a sovereign nation to decide who comes into the country,\" Becerra added. \"And I believe anyone who wants to enter this country must do it according to our laws. But I also believe that our federal government must abide by those same laws when it exercises its powers in dealing with those who might want to enter the country. And so I fear that this administration is sending the wrong signals to people about how it approaches not just these migrants but the law.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11357550\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 800px\">\u003cimg class=\"size-medium wp-image-11357550\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2017/03/RS23547_GettyImages-530551244-qut-800x533.jpg\" alt=\"California Attorney General Xavier Becerra.\" width=\"800\" height=\"533\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/03/RS23547_GettyImages-530551244-qut-800x533.jpg 800w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/03/RS23547_GettyImages-530551244-qut-160x107.jpg 160w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/03/RS23547_GettyImages-530551244-qut-1020x680.jpg 1020w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/03/RS23547_GettyImages-530551244-qut.jpg 1920w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/03/RS23547_GettyImages-530551244-qut-1180x787.jpg 1180w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/03/RS23547_GettyImages-530551244-qut-960x640.jpg 960w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/03/RS23547_GettyImages-530551244-qut-240x160.jpg 240w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/03/RS23547_GettyImages-530551244-qut-375x250.jpg 375w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/03/RS23547_GettyImages-530551244-qut-520x347.jpg 520w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">California Attorney General Xavier Becerra. \u003ccite>(Drew Angerer/Getty Images)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>The number of people in the first caravan has dwindled to 3,500 from about 7,000, though a second one was gaining steam and marred by violence. About 600 migrants in the second group tried to cross a bridge from Guatemala to Mexico en masse on Monday, but were met by ranks of Mexican federal police who blocked them from entering. The riverbank standoff followed a more violent confrontation Sunday when the migrants used sticks and rocks against Mexico police. One migrant was killed Sunday night by a head wound, but the cause was unclear.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The first group passed through the spot via the river — wading or on rafts — and was advancing through southern Mexico. That group appeared to begin as a collection of about 160 who decided to band together in Honduras for protection against the gangs who prey on migrants traveling alone and snowballed as the group moved north. They are mostly from Honduras, where it started, as well as El Salvador and Guatemala.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Overall, they are poor, carrying belongings that fit into a knapsack and fleeing gang violence or poverty. It's possible there are criminals mixed in, but Trump has not substantiated his claim that members of the MS-13 gang, in particular, are among them.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11702183\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 800px\">\u003cimg class=\"wp-image-11702183 size-medium\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2018/10/MigrantsArrive-800x550.jpg\" alt=\"Some of the thousands of Central American migrants arrive into the small town of Santiago Niltepec on Oct. 29, 2018 in Santiago Niltepec, Mexico. Following a break on Sunday, the migrants, many of them fleeing violence in their home countries, resumed their march towards the U.S. border. As fatigue from the heat, distance, and poor sanitary conditions has set in, the numbers of people participating in the march has slowly dwindled, but a significant group are determined to get to the United Sates. \" width=\"800\" height=\"550\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2018/10/MigrantsArrive-800x550.jpg 800w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2018/10/MigrantsArrive-160x110.jpg 160w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2018/10/MigrantsArrive-1020x702.jpg 1020w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2018/10/MigrantsArrive-1200x826.jpg 1200w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2018/10/MigrantsArrive.jpg 1920w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2018/10/MigrantsArrive-1180x812.jpg 1180w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2018/10/MigrantsArrive-960x661.jpg 960w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2018/10/MigrantsArrive-240x165.jpg 240w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2018/10/MigrantsArrive-375x258.jpg 375w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2018/10/MigrantsArrive-520x358.jpg 520w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Some of the thousands of Central American migrants arrive in the small town of Santiago Niltepec on Oct. 29, 2018 in Santiago Niltepec, Mexico. Following a break on Sunday, the migrants, many of them fleeing violence in their home countries, resumed their march toward the U.S. border. As fatigue from the heat, distance and poor sanitary conditions have set in, the numbers of people participating in the march have slowly dwindled, but a significant group are determined to get to the United Sates. \u003ccite>(Spencer Platt/Getty Images)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>The president's dark description of the caravan belied the fact that any migrants who complete the long trek to the southern U.S. border already face major hurdles, both physical and bureaucratic, to being allowed into the United States. Migrants are entitled under both U.S. and international law to apply for asylum, but it may take a while to make a claim. There is already a bottleneck of asylum-seekers at some U.S. border crossings, in some cases as long as five weeks.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>McAleenan said the aim was to deter migrants from crossing illegally between ports, but he conceded his officers were overwhelmed by a surge of asylum-seekers. He also said Mexico was prepared to offer asylum to the caravan.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"If you're already seeking asylum, you've been given a generous offer,\" he said of Mexico. \"We want to work with Mexico to manage that flow.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The White House is also weighing additional border security measures, including blocking those traveling in the caravan from seeking legal asylum and preventing them from entering the U.S.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The military operation drew quick criticism.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"Sending active military forces to our southern border is not only a huge waste of taxpayer money, but an unnecessary course of action that will further terrorize and militarize our border communities,\" said Shaw Drake of the American Civil Liberties Union's border rights center at El Paso, Texas.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11702186\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 800px\">\u003cimg class=\"wp-image-11702186 size-medium\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2018/10/MigrantsMap-800x541.jpg\" alt=\"Some of the thousands of Central American migrants look at a map after arriving into the small town of Santiago Niltepec, Mexico on Oct. 29, 2018.\" width=\"800\" height=\"541\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2018/10/MigrantsMap-800x541.jpg 800w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2018/10/MigrantsMap-160x108.jpg 160w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2018/10/MigrantsMap-1020x690.jpg 1020w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2018/10/MigrantsMap-1200x811.jpg 1200w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2018/10/MigrantsMap.jpg 1920w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2018/10/MigrantsMap-1180x798.jpg 1180w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2018/10/MigrantsMap-960x649.jpg 960w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2018/10/MigrantsMap-240x162.jpg 240w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2018/10/MigrantsMap-375x254.jpg 375w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2018/10/MigrantsMap-520x352.jpg 520w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Some of the thousands of Central American migrants look at a map after arriving in the small town of Santiago Niltepec, Mexico, on Oct. 29, 2018. \u003ccite>(Spencer Platt/Getty Images)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Military personnel are legally prohibited from engaging in immigration enforcement. The troops will include military police, combat engineers and others helping on the southern border.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The escalating rhetoric and expected deployments come as the president has been trying to turn the caravans into a key election issue just days before the midterm elections that will determine whether Republicans maintain control of Congress.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"This will be the election of the caravans, the Kavanaughs, law and order, tax cuts, and you know what else? It's going to be the election of common sense,\" Trump said at a rally in Illinois on Saturday night.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>On Monday, he tweeted without providing evidence: \"Many Gang Members and some very bad people are mixed into the Caravan heading to our Southern Border.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"Please go back,\" he urged them, \"you will not be admitted into the United States unless you go through the legal process. This is an invasion of our Country and our Military is waiting for you!\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The troops are expected to perform a wide variety of functions, such as transporting supplies for the Border Patrol, but not engage directly with migrants seeking to cross the border, officials said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>One U.S. official said the troops will be sent initially to staging bases in California, Texas and Arizona while the CBP works out precisely where it wants the troops positioned. U.S. Transportation Command posted a video on its Facebook page Monday of a C-17 transport plane that it said was delivering Army equipment to the Southwest border in support of Operation Faithful Patriot.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The U.S. military has already begun delivering jersey barriers to the southern border in conjunction with the deployment plans.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"title": "Jerry Brown to Join Doomsday Clock Group, Tackle Existential Threats",
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"content": "\u003cp>Jerry Brown on Thursday criticized the Trump administration’s plans to exit an arms treaty with Russia and called out “bipartisan blindness” toward global nuclear threats after he was named executive chairman of the organization that sets the “\u003ca href=\"https://thebulletin.org/doomsday-clock/\">Doomsday Clock\u003c/a>” measuring threats to humanity.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“When humankind has in its hands the technology to absolutely destroy all of civilization there is nothing so important it ought to prevent dialogue and deep discussion,” Brown said in an interview with The Associated Press.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Brown’s new role with the Bulletin of the Atomic Scientists will ensure he stays relevant on the global topics he cares most about when he leaves office in January after two separate stints as California governor starting in the 1970s.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The Chicago-based Bulletin was founded in 1945 after the creation of the atomic bomb and in the decades since has expanded its mission to a broader discussion of threats to human survival, including climate change, one of Brown’s signature issues.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The Doomsday Clock, moved to two minutes from midnight in January, is a visual representation of how close the Bulletin believes the world is to catastrophe.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Brown, \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/science/1931644/jerry-brown-has-directed-california-to-go-carbon-neutral-by-2045-is-that-even-possible\">known for thinking big\u003c/a> and talking bluntly about threats to human existence, has taken on an outsize role on the global stage as President Donald Trump recedes from U.S. commitments on climate change and, most recently, the nuclear treaty with Russia.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The president announced the U.S. will leave the Intermediate-Range Nuclear Forces signed in 1987 with the former Soviet Union. It bans the two countries from making or possessing certain types of nuclear missiles. Trump said Russia has violated the treaty, which Russia denies.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Brown said tearing up the treaty is “not only wrong, it’s dangerous — not to say stupid.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Brown has had his own discussions with Russian ambassadors to the United States and the United Nations about the dangers of nuclear proliferation, most recently after a commemoration this month for a historic cemetery in Northern California rich in Russian history, he said. Nuclear threats and \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/science/1932901/where-have-all-the-critters-gone-blame-climate-change\">climate change\u003c/a> are topics Brown frequently raises with foreign leaders who stop by his office while in California.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“I’m not here to represent the U.S. government, that’s the president’s job, but I am as a citizen of the country, of California, of the world, concerned that these very powerful technologies are not being managed with wisdom,” he said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>He also sits on the board of the Nuclear Threat Initiative and attended meetings of the group in Washington, D.C., this week. While there, he met with U.S. Defense Secretary Jim Mattis. Brown spokesman Evan Westrup declined to provide specifics on the conversation.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Even though the diplomatic relationship between the United States and Russia is frayed, Brown said, focusing on containing and reducing nuclear threats should be a priority. Neither political party seems to view it as one, he said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“We still ought to realize that ending civilization is a bigger problem than any of the other problems we have with Russia,” he said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>As executive chairman of the Bulletin, Brown will preside over the group’s three boards — a governing board, a science and security board and an editorial board. It’s a new role created just for Brown, and he’ll focus on generating global urgency around nuclear and other threats. Brown’s interest in the topic harkens back to the 1970s and 1980s when he was running for president.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“We really see him as a global ambassador for the issues that we work on — manmade existential threats, nuclear, climate, disruptive technology,” said Rachel Bronson, the group’s president and chief executive.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>__\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>This story and headline have been corrected to show Brown is joining the organization, not leading it.\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\n",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>Jerry Brown on Thursday criticized the Trump administration’s plans to exit an arms treaty with Russia and called out “bipartisan blindness” toward global nuclear threats after he was named executive chairman of the organization that sets the “\u003ca href=\"https://thebulletin.org/doomsday-clock/\">Doomsday Clock\u003c/a>” measuring threats to humanity.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“When humankind has in its hands the technology to absolutely destroy all of civilization there is nothing so important it ought to prevent dialogue and deep discussion,” Brown said in an interview with The Associated Press.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Brown’s new role with the Bulletin of the Atomic Scientists will ensure he stays relevant on the global topics he cares most about when he leaves office in January after two separate stints as California governor starting in the 1970s.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The Chicago-based Bulletin was founded in 1945 after the creation of the atomic bomb and in the decades since has expanded its mission to a broader discussion of threats to human survival, including climate change, one of Brown’s signature issues.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The Doomsday Clock, moved to two minutes from midnight in January, is a visual representation of how close the Bulletin believes the world is to catastrophe.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Brown, \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/science/1931644/jerry-brown-has-directed-california-to-go-carbon-neutral-by-2045-is-that-even-possible\">known for thinking big\u003c/a> and talking bluntly about threats to human existence, has taken on an outsize role on the global stage as President Donald Trump recedes from U.S. commitments on climate change and, most recently, the nuclear treaty with Russia.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The president announced the U.S. will leave the Intermediate-Range Nuclear Forces signed in 1987 with the former Soviet Union. It bans the two countries from making or possessing certain types of nuclear missiles. Trump said Russia has violated the treaty, which Russia denies.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Brown said tearing up the treaty is “not only wrong, it’s dangerous — not to say stupid.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Brown has had his own discussions with Russian ambassadors to the United States and the United Nations about the dangers of nuclear proliferation, most recently after a commemoration this month for a historic cemetery in Northern California rich in Russian history, he said. Nuclear threats and \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/science/1932901/where-have-all-the-critters-gone-blame-climate-change\">climate change\u003c/a> are topics Brown frequently raises with foreign leaders who stop by his office while in California.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“I’m not here to represent the U.S. government, that’s the president’s job, but I am as a citizen of the country, of California, of the world, concerned that these very powerful technologies are not being managed with wisdom,” he said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>He also sits on the board of the Nuclear Threat Initiative and attended meetings of the group in Washington, D.C., this week. While there, he met with U.S. Defense Secretary Jim Mattis. Brown spokesman Evan Westrup declined to provide specifics on the conversation.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Even though the diplomatic relationship between the United States and Russia is frayed, Brown said, focusing on containing and reducing nuclear threats should be a priority. Neither political party seems to view it as one, he said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“We still ought to realize that ending civilization is a bigger problem than any of the other problems we have with Russia,” he said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>As executive chairman of the Bulletin, Brown will preside over the group’s three boards — a governing board, a science and security board and an editorial board. It’s a new role created just for Brown, and he’ll focus on generating global urgency around nuclear and other threats. Brown’s interest in the topic harkens back to the 1970s and 1980s when he was running for president.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“We really see him as a global ambassador for the issues that we work on — manmade existential threats, nuclear, climate, disruptive technology,” said Rachel Bronson, the group’s president and chief executive.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>__\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>This story and headline have been corrected to show Brown is joining the organization, not leading it.\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>",
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"disqusTitle": "Advocates Question Timing of Change in Migrant Family Release Policy",
"title": "Advocates Question Timing of Change in Migrant Family Release Policy",
"headTitle": "The California Report | KQED News",
"content": "\u003cp>Advocates for immigrants along the U.S.-Mexico border say a Tuesday decision by U.S. Immigration and Customs Enforcement to no longer provide assistance to migrant families being released from detention may be more rhetorical than real.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Until this week, ICE had a policy of conducting “post-release planning” to ensure that migrant families being released in the U.S. had transportation arrangements.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But on Tuesday, ICE abandoned the policy, ostensibly in order to release families from detention more quickly and adhere to court orders on the treatment of migrant children.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“To mitigate the risk of holding family units past the time frame allotted to the government, ICE began curtailing all reviews of post-release plans from families apprehended along the southwest border,” ICE Deputy Press Secretary Sarah Rodriguez said in a statement shared with KQED Thursday.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Immigrant rights advocates say they learned about the policy change only after it was implemented.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>A Catholic church group in El Paso, Texas, that provides temporary housing for hundreds of migrant families released from local detention facilities each week, expressed concern. In an email to supporters, Annunciation House warned that the group’s shelters could be overwhelmed.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Annunciation House is committed to increasing its network of hospitality centers so as to prevent releases to the street,\" the email says. \"Right now we are not there yet and so I expect that we will start seeing families with their children on the street in the coming days.” \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But Vicki Gaubeca with the Southern Border Communities Coalition in Tucson, Arizona, said that in recent years ICE has already been making large-scale releases of families without ensuring they have transportation arrangements from border detention facilities.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“It's not an unusual event,” Gaubeca said. “But it is part of the enhanced political theater … that's in essence trying to rally the Republican base to come out and vote through a narrative of fear.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Gaubeca said the ICE policy change seems calculated to give an impression that migrants seeking refuge in the U.S. will overwhelm border communities. But, she said, that has never been the case.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Gaubeca speculated that the ICE announcement was related to an executive order the president is expected to announce next week, aimed at blocking a caravan of thousands of Central Americans seeking asylum in the U.S.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In San Diego, advocates also said they had seen no changes to the number and manner of family releases since the government’s announcement.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Lauren Cusitello with Crossroads Justice Center, a nonprofit group that provides legal services to migrants, said community organizations in the San Diego can provide a lot of support to migrant families.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“There are resources available to make sure that that they are safe and healthy,” Cusitello said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But she worried that if ICE stops reviewing families’ post-release plans, the burden will shift to nonprofit and church groups to locate families and ensure their safety. And that could mean some people don’t get help.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“There may be people whose needs go unmet even though there are providers in the community,” Cusitello said. \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In her statement, ICE’s Rodriguez said: “The government remains severely constrained in its ability to detain and promptly remove families with no legal basis to remain in the U.S.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>She went on: “[D]ue to the recent uptick in family units presenting themselves along the Southwest border, ICE no longer has the capacity to conduct … reviews without risking violation of the Flores limitations on lengths of stay for families in both [U.S. Customs and Border Patrol] and ICE custody.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The 1997 Flores Settlement Agreement requires migrant children to be kept in the least restrictive environment possible and released from custody as soon as possible. Children who cannot be released, must be transferred to a state-licensed child care facility, usually within 72 hours. A federal judge has ruled that the agreement applies to children with a known parent as well as those who arrive at the border without their parents.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Carlos Holguín, one of the plaintiffs’ attorneys in the Flores case, said the change in ICE policy is “not necessary” to comply with the settlement agreement. That’s because the number of migrant kids has been high in recent years, triggering an exemption to the 72-hour rule.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>According to Holguín, the government must simply release children from unlicensed immigration facilities along the border “as expeditiously as possible.” \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“The only hard limit on family detention right now is the capacity of the three family detention centers,” Holguín said. “Inasmuch as those are not full, ICE’s statements appear aimed at spreading disinformation.”\u003c/p>\n\n",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>Advocates for immigrants along the U.S.-Mexico border say a Tuesday decision by U.S. Immigration and Customs Enforcement to no longer provide assistance to migrant families being released from detention may be more rhetorical than real.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Until this week, ICE had a policy of conducting “post-release planning” to ensure that migrant families being released in the U.S. had transportation arrangements.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But on Tuesday, ICE abandoned the policy, ostensibly in order to release families from detention more quickly and adhere to court orders on the treatment of migrant children.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“To mitigate the risk of holding family units past the time frame allotted to the government, ICE began curtailing all reviews of post-release plans from families apprehended along the southwest border,” ICE Deputy Press Secretary Sarah Rodriguez said in a statement shared with KQED Thursday.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Immigrant rights advocates say they learned about the policy change only after it was implemented.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>A Catholic church group in El Paso, Texas, that provides temporary housing for hundreds of migrant families released from local detention facilities each week, expressed concern. In an email to supporters, Annunciation House warned that the group’s shelters could be overwhelmed.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Annunciation House is committed to increasing its network of hospitality centers so as to prevent releases to the street,\" the email says. \"Right now we are not there yet and so I expect that we will start seeing families with their children on the street in the coming days.” \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But Vicki Gaubeca with the Southern Border Communities Coalition in Tucson, Arizona, said that in recent years ICE has already been making large-scale releases of families without ensuring they have transportation arrangements from border detention facilities.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“It's not an unusual event,” Gaubeca said. “But it is part of the enhanced political theater … that's in essence trying to rally the Republican base to come out and vote through a narrative of fear.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Gaubeca said the ICE policy change seems calculated to give an impression that migrants seeking refuge in the U.S. will overwhelm border communities. But, she said, that has never been the case.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Gaubeca speculated that the ICE announcement was related to an executive order the president is expected to announce next week, aimed at blocking a caravan of thousands of Central Americans seeking asylum in the U.S.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In San Diego, advocates also said they had seen no changes to the number and manner of family releases since the government’s announcement.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Lauren Cusitello with Crossroads Justice Center, a nonprofit group that provides legal services to migrants, said community organizations in the San Diego can provide a lot of support to migrant families.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“There are resources available to make sure that that they are safe and healthy,” Cusitello said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But she worried that if ICE stops reviewing families’ post-release plans, the burden will shift to nonprofit and church groups to locate families and ensure their safety. And that could mean some people don’t get help.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“There may be people whose needs go unmet even though there are providers in the community,” Cusitello said. \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In her statement, ICE’s Rodriguez said: “The government remains severely constrained in its ability to detain and promptly remove families with no legal basis to remain in the U.S.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>She went on: “[D]ue to the recent uptick in family units presenting themselves along the Southwest border, ICE no longer has the capacity to conduct … reviews without risking violation of the Flores limitations on lengths of stay for families in both [U.S. Customs and Border Patrol] and ICE custody.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The 1997 Flores Settlement Agreement requires migrant children to be kept in the least restrictive environment possible and released from custody as soon as possible. Children who cannot be released, must be transferred to a state-licensed child care facility, usually within 72 hours. A federal judge has ruled that the agreement applies to children with a known parent as well as those who arrive at the border without their parents.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Carlos Holguín, one of the plaintiffs’ attorneys in the Flores case, said the change in ICE policy is “not necessary” to comply with the settlement agreement. That’s because the number of migrant kids has been high in recent years, triggering an exemption to the 72-hour rule.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>According to Holguín, the government must simply release children from unlicensed immigration facilities along the border “as expeditiously as possible.” \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“The only hard limit on family detention right now is the capacity of the three family detention centers,” Holguín said. “Inasmuch as those are not full, ICE’s statements appear aimed at spreading disinformation.”\u003c/p>\n\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>",
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"disqusTitle": "Feds Charge Florida Man With Mailing Improvised Bombs to Trump Political Critics",
"title": "Feds Charge Florida Man With Mailing Improvised Bombs to Trump Political Critics",
"headTitle": "The California Report | KQED News",
"content": "\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Updated at 5:58 p.m. ET\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The Justice Department charged a Florida man on Friday in connection with a wave of improvised explosive devices sent to political critics of President Trump.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Cesar Altieri Sayoc, 56, is \u003ca href=\"https://www.documentcloud.org/documents/5022035-Complaint-Against-Cesar-Altieri-Sayoc.html\">facing five federal charges\u003c/a> after he was arrested in Plantation, Florida, following a national investigation. He faces a potential total of 48 years in prison.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Earlier Friday, the Justice Department had erroneously said Sayoc could face up to 58 years in prison.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The homemade bombs intercepted or discovered this week \"are not hoax devices,\" said FBI Director Christopher Wray during a press conference with law enforcement officials Friday.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>They contained \"energetic materials\" packed into PVC pipes and could have been dangerous, he said, although none of them exploded and no one was hurt.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11701649\" class=\"wp-caption alignright\" style=\"max-width: 800px\">\u003cimg class=\"size-medium wp-image-11701649\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2018/10/Sayoc-800x792.jpg\" alt=\"In an undated handout provided by the Broward County Sheriff's Office, Cesar Sayoc poses for a mugshot photo in Miami.\" width=\"800\" height=\"792\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2018/10/Sayoc-800x792.jpg 800w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2018/10/Sayoc-160x158.jpg 160w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2018/10/Sayoc-1020x1010.jpg 1020w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2018/10/Sayoc-1200x1188.jpg 1200w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2018/10/Sayoc.jpg 1920w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2018/10/Sayoc-1180x1168.jpg 1180w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2018/10/Sayoc-960x951.jpg 960w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2018/10/Sayoc-240x238.jpg 240w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2018/10/Sayoc-375x371.jpg 375w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2018/10/Sayoc-520x515.jpg 520w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2018/10/Sayoc-32x32.jpg 32w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2018/10/Sayoc-50x50.jpg 50w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2018/10/Sayoc-64x64.jpg 64w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2018/10/Sayoc-96x96.jpg 96w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2018/10/Sayoc-128x128.jpg 128w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2018/10/Sayoc-150x150.jpg 150w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">In an undated handout provided by the Broward County Sheriff's Office, Cesar Sayoc poses for a mugshot photo in Miami. \u003ccite>(Broward County Sheriff's Office via Getty Images)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Asked at the same press conference why it appeared that Sayoc allegedly targeted only liberal political figures, Attorney General Jeff Sessions said \"he may have been a partisan ... appears to be partisan, but that will be determined as the case goes forward.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Neither Sessions nor Wray would address directly questions from journalists about political motives and the spate of suspicious packages discovered across the country this week.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>FBI and other investigators surrounded a white van believed to be connected to the case in a parking lot in Plantation; their inspection was shown live on cable TV and the van was loaded onto a flatbed truck.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Court documents later established the van, which was covered with pro-Trump and anti-CNN images, belonged to Sayoc; a former attorney who had represented him told NPR Sayoc has been living in a van for some time.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=unYesNU4bNU\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>The President Reacts\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>President Trump hailed law enforcement agencies in a statement at the White House and condemned the prospective threats to political leaders.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"These terrorizing acts are despicable and have no place in our country,\" he said. \"We must never allow political violence to take root in America. We cannot let it happen.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Later, Trump was asked about the apparent support for him expressed by the suspect on social media and on his van, which bears an illustration that appeared to depict Trump standing on a tank holding a rifle before an American flag with fireworks exploding in the background.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"Did you see your face on that van, sir?\" Trump was asked.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"I did not,\" the president said. \"I did not see my face on the van. I don't know. I heard he was a person that preferred me over others, but I did not see that.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>https://twitter.com/MiamiHerald/status/1055950267215155201\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Trump did reject the idea that he or his statements might be in some way culpable in the attacks. The president alluded to the shooting last year at a mostly Republican baseball practice outside Washington, D.C., in which Rep. Steve Scalise, R-La., was badly wounded.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"There's no blame. There's no anything,\" Trump said. \"If you look at what happened to Steve Scalise, that was from a supporter of a different party.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c!-- iframe plugin v.4.3 wordpress.org/plugins/iframe/ -->\u003cbr>\n\u003ciframe src=\"https://www.npr.org/player/embed/660823141/661137023\" width=\"100%\" height=\"290\" frameborder=\"0\" scrolling=\"no\" title=\"NPR embedded audio player\" class=\"iframe-class\">\u003c/iframe>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>More Suspicious Packages\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The announcement of the charges followed the discovery Friday of more packages bound for political foes of Trump.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Two were recovered in California: One addressed to liberal donor Tom Steyer, who is leading a campaign to impeach Trump, and one addressed to Sen. Kamala Harris.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Harris was mentioned in the criminal complaint as a target known to federal investigators; Steyer was not. It wasn't clear whether the parcel he addressed in his statement might be connected to this case.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"At this moment, it is incumbent upon leaders across the political spectrum to take seriously the power they hold,\" said Sen. Harris in a statement in which she also praised law enforcement officials' efforts to investigate the packages. \"It is the responsibility of our leaders to use their role as public figures to elevate our discourse and bring people together.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>NextGen America, a San Francisco-based political action committee founded by Steyer, said in a statement that the suspicious package mailed to Steyer was intercepted at a facility in Burlingame.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"We are seeing a systematic attack on our democracy and our rule of law that extends much further than just one isolated terrorist in Florida,\" said Steyer. \"Whether it's voter suppression, voter intimidation, attacks on our free press, gerrymandering or attempted violence — the trust and norms that are the actual basis for our civil society and political system are being eroded.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Earlier, a package was discovered in Florida addressed to Sen. Cory Booker, D-N.J., and one in New York City to former intelligence boss James Clapper.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11701465\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 800px\">\u003cimg class=\"size-medium wp-image-11701465\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2018/10/gettyimages-1053534874_slide-0c9c4a746e24425cd94fd5861bb82757a5cadc75-800x533.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"800\" height=\"533\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Police outside the U.S. Post Office Royal Palm Processing & Distribution Center, in Opa-locka, Florida on Thursday. \u003ccite>(Miami Herald/TNS via Getty Images )\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>The recovery of those envelopes brought the known total to 14 parcels addressed to 12 targets, all of whom are critics or opponents of the president.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>None of the suspicious devices included in the envelopes has exploded, and so far no one has been hurt.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Federal authorities have acknowledged that they don't know how many total packages there are and that there could be more moving through the mail as the search continues both for the devices and for the person or people who sent them.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Clapper, who is a commentator on CNN, appeared on air to say, \"This is definitely domestic terrorism. No question about it in my mind.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>https://twitter.com/KFILE/status/1055811070621896704\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Although the homemade pipe bombs have not exploded, authorities say they are treating them as \"live devices,\" not \"hoax devices,\" New York City Police Commissioner James O'Neill \u003ca href=\"https://www.npr.org/2018/10/25/660458533/suspicious-package-discovered-in-nycs-tribeca-area\">said Thursday.\u003c/a>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Authorities who have discovered the parcels around the country — in New York, outside Washington, D.C., in Florida and in Los Angeles — are sending them to the FBI Laboratory in Quantico, Virginia, for examination there.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>The Sunshine State\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>At least one of the packages passed through a large U.S. mail sorting facility in Opa-locka, Florida, near Miami, according to multiple reports.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The \u003ca href=\"https://www.miamiherald.com/news/politics-government/article220621360.html\">Miami Herald\u003c/a>, citing a federal law enforcement official familiar with the investigation, reports that the package sent from the facility is likely the one that ended up on Wednesday at the South Florida office of U.S. Rep. Debbie Wasserman Schultz.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>That package was originally sent to the office of former U.S. Attorney General Eric Holder. It was not delivered and was instead sent to the labeled return address — listed as Wasserman Schultz's office.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Before the package arrived there, the \u003cem>Herald\u003c/em> reports it was rerouted through the Opa-locka mail sorting facility.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Federal agents and the Miami-Dade County Police Department searched the facility on Thursday night, according to reports from the \u003cem>Herald\u003c/em>, \u003ca href=\"https://www.reuters.com/article/us-usa-packages/fbi-searches-florida-mail-center-in-hunt-for-sender-of-package-bombs-idUSKCN1MZ1CP\">Reuters\u003c/a> and \u003ca href=\"https://www.apnews.com/e0ed03c0100a42a0a3ce65419c72af37\">The Associated Press\u003c/a>. No potentially explosive devices were found, according to reports.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"A search of a postal database suggested at least some may have been mailed from Florida,\" the AP reports.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Hundreds of thousands of packages pour into the facility every day — it's the size of five football fields, the \u003cem>Herald\u003c/em> reports. Miami-Dade Police Department specialists worked at the mail center on Friday morning, the agency said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>The Attacks\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The packages began to show up on Monday, starting with billionaire George Soros, a major donor to Democrats and Democratic causes.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In addition to Steyer, Harris, Booker, Clapper and former CIA Director John Brennan, one package has been addressed to former President Barack Obama, two to former Vice President Joe Biden, one to former Secretary of State Hillary Clinton, one to former Attorney General Eric Holder and two to Rep. Maxine Waters, D-Calif. One was also addressed to the actor Robert De Niro, a harsh Trump critic.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>De Niro included a political callout in his statement about the packages on Friday morning.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"I thank God no one's been hurt, and I thank the brave and resourceful security and law enforcement people for protecting us,\" he said. \"There's something more powerful than bombs, and that's your vote. People must vote!\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Trump sounded the same note when he addressed the parcel attacks \u003ca href=\"https://twitter.com/realDonaldTrump/status/1055826295337172993\">Friday morning on Twitter\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>https://twitter.com/realDonaldTrump/status/1055826295337172993\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Trump's use of sarcasm quotes around \"bomb\" appeared to be an allusion to skepticism voiced by some former investigators and explosives specialists about the devices. \u003ca href=\"https://www.npr.org/2018/10/25/660458533/suspicious-package-discovered-in-nycs-tribeca-area\">As one expert told NPR\u003c/a>, the apparently homemade devices look like they might include hazardous materials but not as though they could explode.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The president changed his tone later in the day after Sayoc's arrest was announced.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad floatright]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>A wide investigation remains ongoing, with the FBI, the Postal Service and other federal agencies working with state and local authorities.\u003c/p>\n\u003cdiv class=\"fullattribution\">Copyright 2018 NPR. To see more, visit http://www.npr.org/.\u003cimg src=\"https://www.google-analytics.com/__utm.gif?utmac=UA-5828686-4&utmdt=Feds+Charge+Florida+Man+With+Mailing+Improvised+Bombs+To+Trump+Political+Critics&utme=8(APIKey)9(MDAxOTAwOTE4MDEyMTkxMDAzNjczZDljZA004)\">\u003c/div>\n\n",
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"excerpt": "Cesar Altieri Sayoc was arrested after more devices were found on Friday. Packages have been sent to at least 11 targets this week, all of whom are critics or opponents of President Trump.",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Updated at 5:58 p.m. ET\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The Justice Department charged a Florida man on Friday in connection with a wave of improvised explosive devices sent to political critics of President Trump.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Cesar Altieri Sayoc, 56, is \u003ca href=\"https://www.documentcloud.org/documents/5022035-Complaint-Against-Cesar-Altieri-Sayoc.html\">facing five federal charges\u003c/a> after he was arrested in Plantation, Florida, following a national investigation. He faces a potential total of 48 years in prison.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Earlier Friday, the Justice Department had erroneously said Sayoc could face up to 58 years in prison.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The homemade bombs intercepted or discovered this week \"are not hoax devices,\" said FBI Director Christopher Wray during a press conference with law enforcement officials Friday.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>They contained \"energetic materials\" packed into PVC pipes and could have been dangerous, he said, although none of them exploded and no one was hurt.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11701649\" class=\"wp-caption alignright\" style=\"max-width: 800px\">\u003cimg class=\"size-medium wp-image-11701649\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2018/10/Sayoc-800x792.jpg\" alt=\"In an undated handout provided by the Broward County Sheriff's Office, Cesar Sayoc poses for a mugshot photo in Miami.\" width=\"800\" height=\"792\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2018/10/Sayoc-800x792.jpg 800w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2018/10/Sayoc-160x158.jpg 160w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2018/10/Sayoc-1020x1010.jpg 1020w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2018/10/Sayoc-1200x1188.jpg 1200w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2018/10/Sayoc.jpg 1920w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2018/10/Sayoc-1180x1168.jpg 1180w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2018/10/Sayoc-960x951.jpg 960w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2018/10/Sayoc-240x238.jpg 240w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2018/10/Sayoc-375x371.jpg 375w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2018/10/Sayoc-520x515.jpg 520w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2018/10/Sayoc-32x32.jpg 32w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2018/10/Sayoc-50x50.jpg 50w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2018/10/Sayoc-64x64.jpg 64w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2018/10/Sayoc-96x96.jpg 96w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2018/10/Sayoc-128x128.jpg 128w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2018/10/Sayoc-150x150.jpg 150w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">In an undated handout provided by the Broward County Sheriff's Office, Cesar Sayoc poses for a mugshot photo in Miami. \u003ccite>(Broward County Sheriff's Office via Getty Images)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Asked at the same press conference why it appeared that Sayoc allegedly targeted only liberal political figures, Attorney General Jeff Sessions said \"he may have been a partisan ... appears to be partisan, but that will be determined as the case goes forward.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Neither Sessions nor Wray would address directly questions from journalists about political motives and the spate of suspicious packages discovered across the country this week.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>FBI and other investigators surrounded a white van believed to be connected to the case in a parking lot in Plantation; their inspection was shown live on cable TV and the van was loaded onto a flatbed truck.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Court documents later established the van, which was covered with pro-Trump and anti-CNN images, belonged to Sayoc; a former attorney who had represented him told NPR Sayoc has been living in a van for some time.\u003c/p>\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003cspan class='utils-parseShortcode-shortcodes-__youtubeShortcode__embedYoutube'>\n \u003cspan class='utils-parseShortcode-shortcodes-__youtubeShortcode__embedYoutubeInside'>\n \u003ciframe\n loading='lazy'\n class='utils-parseShortcode-shortcodes-__youtubeShortcode__youtubePlayer'\n type='text/html'\n src='//www.youtube.com/embed/unYesNU4bNU'\n title='//www.youtube.com/embed/unYesNU4bNU'\n allowfullscreen='true'\n style='border:0;'>\u003c/iframe>\n \u003c/span>\n \u003c/span>\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003cp>\u003cstrong>The President Reacts\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>President Trump hailed law enforcement agencies in a statement at the White House and condemned the prospective threats to political leaders.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"These terrorizing acts are despicable and have no place in our country,\" he said. \"We must never allow political violence to take root in America. We cannot let it happen.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Later, Trump was asked about the apparent support for him expressed by the suspect on social media and on his van, which bears an illustration that appeared to depict Trump standing on a tank holding a rifle before an American flag with fireworks exploding in the background.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"Did you see your face on that van, sir?\" Trump was asked.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"I did not,\" the president said. \"I did not see my face on the van. I don't know. I heard he was a person that preferred me over others, but I did not see that.\"\u003c/p>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\n\u003cp>Trump did reject the idea that he or his statements might be in some way culpable in the attacks. The president alluded to the shooting last year at a mostly Republican baseball practice outside Washington, D.C., in which Rep. Steve Scalise, R-La., was badly wounded.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"There's no blame. There's no anything,\" Trump said. \"If you look at what happened to Steve Scalise, that was from a supporter of a different party.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c!-- iframe plugin v.4.3 wordpress.org/plugins/iframe/ -->\u003cbr>\n\u003ciframe src=\"https://www.npr.org/player/embed/660823141/661137023\" width=\"100%\" height=\"290\" frameborder=\"0\" scrolling=\"no\" title=\"NPR embedded audio player\" class=\"iframe-class\">\u003c/iframe>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>More Suspicious Packages\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The announcement of the charges followed the discovery Friday of more packages bound for political foes of Trump.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Two were recovered in California: One addressed to liberal donor Tom Steyer, who is leading a campaign to impeach Trump, and one addressed to Sen. Kamala Harris.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Harris was mentioned in the criminal complaint as a target known to federal investigators; Steyer was not. It wasn't clear whether the parcel he addressed in his statement might be connected to this case.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"At this moment, it is incumbent upon leaders across the political spectrum to take seriously the power they hold,\" said Sen. Harris in a statement in which she also praised law enforcement officials' efforts to investigate the packages. \"It is the responsibility of our leaders to use their role as public figures to elevate our discourse and bring people together.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>NextGen America, a San Francisco-based political action committee founded by Steyer, said in a statement that the suspicious package mailed to Steyer was intercepted at a facility in Burlingame.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"We are seeing a systematic attack on our democracy and our rule of law that extends much further than just one isolated terrorist in Florida,\" said Steyer. \"Whether it's voter suppression, voter intimidation, attacks on our free press, gerrymandering or attempted violence — the trust and norms that are the actual basis for our civil society and political system are being eroded.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Earlier, a package was discovered in Florida addressed to Sen. Cory Booker, D-N.J., and one in New York City to former intelligence boss James Clapper.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11701465\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 800px\">\u003cimg class=\"size-medium wp-image-11701465\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2018/10/gettyimages-1053534874_slide-0c9c4a746e24425cd94fd5861bb82757a5cadc75-800x533.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"800\" height=\"533\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Police outside the U.S. Post Office Royal Palm Processing & Distribution Center, in Opa-locka, Florida on Thursday. \u003ccite>(Miami Herald/TNS via Getty Images )\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>The recovery of those envelopes brought the known total to 14 parcels addressed to 12 targets, all of whom are critics or opponents of the president.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>None of the suspicious devices included in the envelopes has exploded, and so far no one has been hurt.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Federal authorities have acknowledged that they don't know how many total packages there are and that there could be more moving through the mail as the search continues both for the devices and for the person or people who sent them.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Clapper, who is a commentator on CNN, appeared on air to say, \"This is definitely domestic terrorism. No question about it in my mind.\"\u003c/p>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\n\u003cp>Although the homemade pipe bombs have not exploded, authorities say they are treating them as \"live devices,\" not \"hoax devices,\" New York City Police Commissioner James O'Neill \u003ca href=\"https://www.npr.org/2018/10/25/660458533/suspicious-package-discovered-in-nycs-tribeca-area\">said Thursday.\u003c/a>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Authorities who have discovered the parcels around the country — in New York, outside Washington, D.C., in Florida and in Los Angeles — are sending them to the FBI Laboratory in Quantico, Virginia, for examination there.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>The Sunshine State\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>At least one of the packages passed through a large U.S. mail sorting facility in Opa-locka, Florida, near Miami, according to multiple reports.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The \u003ca href=\"https://www.miamiherald.com/news/politics-government/article220621360.html\">Miami Herald\u003c/a>, citing a federal law enforcement official familiar with the investigation, reports that the package sent from the facility is likely the one that ended up on Wednesday at the South Florida office of U.S. Rep. Debbie Wasserman Schultz.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>That package was originally sent to the office of former U.S. Attorney General Eric Holder. It was not delivered and was instead sent to the labeled return address — listed as Wasserman Schultz's office.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Before the package arrived there, the \u003cem>Herald\u003c/em> reports it was rerouted through the Opa-locka mail sorting facility.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Federal agents and the Miami-Dade County Police Department searched the facility on Thursday night, according to reports from the \u003cem>Herald\u003c/em>, \u003ca href=\"https://www.reuters.com/article/us-usa-packages/fbi-searches-florida-mail-center-in-hunt-for-sender-of-package-bombs-idUSKCN1MZ1CP\">Reuters\u003c/a> and \u003ca href=\"https://www.apnews.com/e0ed03c0100a42a0a3ce65419c72af37\">The Associated Press\u003c/a>. No potentially explosive devices were found, according to reports.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"A search of a postal database suggested at least some may have been mailed from Florida,\" the AP reports.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Hundreds of thousands of packages pour into the facility every day — it's the size of five football fields, the \u003cem>Herald\u003c/em> reports. Miami-Dade Police Department specialists worked at the mail center on Friday morning, the agency said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>The Attacks\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The packages began to show up on Monday, starting with billionaire George Soros, a major donor to Democrats and Democratic causes.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In addition to Steyer, Harris, Booker, Clapper and former CIA Director John Brennan, one package has been addressed to former President Barack Obama, two to former Vice President Joe Biden, one to former Secretary of State Hillary Clinton, one to former Attorney General Eric Holder and two to Rep. Maxine Waters, D-Calif. One was also addressed to the actor Robert De Niro, a harsh Trump critic.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>De Niro included a political callout in his statement about the packages on Friday morning.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"I thank God no one's been hurt, and I thank the brave and resourceful security and law enforcement people for protecting us,\" he said. \"There's something more powerful than bombs, and that's your vote. People must vote!\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Trump sounded the same note when he addressed the parcel attacks \u003ca href=\"https://twitter.com/realDonaldTrump/status/1055826295337172993\">Friday morning on Twitter\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\n\u003cp>Trump's use of sarcasm quotes around \"bomb\" appeared to be an allusion to skepticism voiced by some former investigators and explosives specialists about the devices. \u003ca href=\"https://www.npr.org/2018/10/25/660458533/suspicious-package-discovered-in-nycs-tribeca-area\">As one expert told NPR\u003c/a>, the apparently homemade devices look like they might include hazardous materials but not as though they could explode.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The president changed his tone later in the day after Sayoc's arrest was announced.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>A wide investigation remains ongoing, with the FBI, the Postal Service and other federal agencies working with state and local authorities.\u003c/p>\n\u003cdiv class=\"fullattribution\">Copyright 2018 NPR. To see more, visit http://www.npr.org/.\u003cimg src=\"https://www.google-analytics.com/__utm.gif?utmac=UA-5828686-4&utmdt=Feds+Charge+Florida+Man+With+Mailing+Improvised+Bombs+To+Trump+Political+Critics&utme=8(APIKey)9(MDAxOTAwOTE4MDEyMTkxMDAzNjczZDljZA004)\">\u003c/div>\n\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>",
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"disqusTitle": "Sex and Gender Memo by Trump Administration Is Wrong on All Counts, Say Experts",
"title": "Sex and Gender Memo by Trump Administration Is Wrong on All Counts, Say Experts",
"headTitle": "KQED Future of You | KQED Science",
"content": "\u003cp>Lately we've been noting the reality-bending statements made by President Trump and those in his administration on matters of the environment. \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/science/1929060/trumps-confusing-tweets-on-california-fires-now-appear-to-be-actual-policy\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Fire\u003c/a>, \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/science/1928770/no-president-trump-calif-isnt-diverting-its-water-supply-away-from-wildfires\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">water\u003c/a>, \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/science/1929627/interior-secretary-ryan-zinke-says-california-fires-have-nothing-to-do-with-climate-change-hes-wrong\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">earth\u003c/a>, \u003ca href=\"http://www.sciencemag.org/news/2018/08/trump-s-effort-roll-back-auto-efficiency-rules-could-hinge-debate-over-safety\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">air\u003c/a> — you might say that for science journalists, fact-checking this presidency is now elemental.\u003c/p>\n\u003caside class=\"pullquote alignright\">'For decades, researchers have recognized that gender is not necessarily determined by a person’s biological sex assigned at birth, which can be physiologically uncertain in some cases.'\u003ccite>American Psychological Association\u003c/cite>\u003c/aside>\n\u003cp>Now comes a \u003ca href=\"https://www.nytimes.com/2018/10/21/us/politics/transgender-trump-administration-sex-definition.html\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">New York Times report\u003c/a> that the administration is wading into a new area: the complex interplay between biology and gender. On Sunday the paper said that the Dept. of Health and Human Services wants to establish a definition of a person's gender, one that is determined “on a biological basis that is clear, grounded in science, objective and administrable,” as the paper quoted an HHS memo.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Sex means a person’s status as male or female based on immutable biological traits identifiable by or before birth,” the memo said. “The sex listed on a person’s birth certificate, as originally issued, shall constitute definitive proof of a person’s sex unless rebutted by reliable genetic evidence.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In other words, your genitals at birth determine your gender. End of discussion.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The move aims to reverse civil rights protections granted to transgender people under the Obama administration, the Times said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But it would also appear to create an official position by the United States government that transgender people simply don't, well, exist.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>And that is going to be news to the roughly \u003ca href=\"http://williamsinstitute.law.ucla.edu/wp-content/uploads/How-Many-Adults-Identify-as-Transgender-in-the-United-States.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">1.4 million transgender individuals\u003c/a> in the country.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The American Psychological Association wasted no time in issuing a response to the report. On Monday, it said in a \u003ca href=\"https://www.apa.org/news/press/releases/2018/10/erase-transgender-definition.aspx\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">statement\u003c/a>:\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“For decades, researchers have recognized that gender is not necessarily determined by a person’s biological sex assigned at birth, which can be physiologically uncertain in some cases. Purposely ignoring this body of evidence is indefensible and certain to add to the stress and discrimination already experienced by transgender people.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Dr. Stephen Rosenthal, a pediatric endocrinologist and the medical director of UCSF's Child and Adolescent Gender Center, agrees.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp class=\"p1\">\"A\u003cspan class=\"s1\"> typical transgender person has genitalia that are not in any way obviously abnormal,\" he said. \"And not in any way a clue that that person is going to end up transgender.\"\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Genitalia, he said, does not always predict gender identity, and other physical characteristics most likely contribute to people's fundamental sense of whether they are male, female or some variant. Rosenthal cited a number of studies showing \u003cspan class=\"s1\">certain parts of the brain, shaped differently in men and women, that are more closely aligned with the gender identity of transgender individuals than with their natal sex. \u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Other research suggests that \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/futureofyou/the-biological-roots-of-gender-identity\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">genetic and endocrinological differences \u003c/a>in transgender people play a role in forming a gender identity that is different than their external sexual characteristics might indicate.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The HHS memo's proposition that genetic testing would clear up any dispute around a person's gender is also wrongheaded, said Rosenthal.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"A\u003cspan class=\"s1\">nyone, even high school students, know that there are plenty of examples of women with female bodies, female genitalia, let's say, and an unequivocal female gender identity, who happen to have XY chromosomes,\" he said, referring to the chromosomal pair typically found in males.\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The HHS memo would also seem to ignore intersex people — those individuals born with a mix of physical characteristics typically found in only males or females. A \u003ca href=\"http://www.academia.edu/21132481/How_sexually_dimorphic_are_we_Review_and_synthesis\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">2000 review\u003c/a> of the scientific literature by Brown University researchers looked at these deviations from the norm in people born from 1955 on. The survey took into account \u003cspan class=\"a\">chromosomes, gonadal structure, hormone lev\u003c/span>\u003cspan class=\"a\">els, internal genital structure and external geni\u003c/span>\u003cspan class=\"a\">tal\u003cspan class=\"l6\">ia, finding that as many as 2 percent of newborns contain some biological trait normally associated with the opposite sex. \u003c/span>\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>One of the researchers, the biologist Ann Fausto Sterling, put it this way in a seminal 1993 \u003ca href=\"https://www.researchgate.net/profile/Anne_Fausto-Sterling/publication/239657377_The_Five_Sexes_Why_Male_and_Female_are_not_Enough/links/00b7d525802a725b6b000000/The-Five-Sexes-Why-Male-and-Female-are-not-Enough.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">essay\u003c/a>:\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>\"\u003c/strong>If the state and the legal system have an interest in maintaining a two-party sexual system, they are in defiance of nature. For biologically speaking, there are many gradations running from female to male; and depending on how one calls the shots, one can argue that along that spectrum lie at least five sexes — and perhaps even more.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Last year, \u003ca href=\"https://www.scientificamerican.com/article/the-new-science-of-sex-and-gender/?fbclid=IwAR01v8tv0iW4E7ve5UEXi-9SrR2ltvAzQBS9PoREKCXREKChBMp-62KoKDU\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Scientific American\u003c/a> took note of the mounting evidence of a male-female biological spectrum. \"To varying extents, many of us are biological hybrids on a male-female continuum,\" wrote the editors. \"As science looks more closely ... it becomes increasingly clear that a pair of chromosomes do not always suffice to distinguish girl/boy — either from the standpoint of sex (biological traits) or of gender (social identity).\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Gender Identity: Biopsychosocial\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>California, of course, has moved beyond tying individuals' biological sexual characteristics to their gender identity. Last year, the state made it easier to officially change genders and \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/futureofyou/436110/california-third-gender-nonbinary\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">added a new category\u003c/a> called \"\u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/futureofyou/335790/boy-girl-both-neither-a-new-generation-overthrows-gender\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">nonbinary\u003c/a>\" to the \"male\" and \"female\" options.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Researchers often describe the roots of gender identity as a complex mix of factors that are \"biopsychosocial.\" Surveys in recent years have revealed younger generations as accepting of more customizable views of gender, with some individuals even eschewing the pronouns \"he\" and \"she\" in favor of \"they\" to indicate the duality or fluidity of their identity.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Charlotte Tate, a gender researcher at San Francisco State University, said it's time to move on from debates like the one the Trump administration is trying to foster.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"Historically, science about gender has contained lots of errors that needed to be corrected or discarded,\" she wrote in an email. \"Pretending that gender identity can be reduced to a person’s genitals is one of those errors that we needed to discard in order to move forward in a way that is scientifically productive.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n",
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"excerpt": "The notion that a person's gender is forever defined by the sex listed on their birth certificate is at odds with everything we know about the way gender identity develops.",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>Lately we've been noting the reality-bending statements made by President Trump and those in his administration on matters of the environment. \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/science/1929060/trumps-confusing-tweets-on-california-fires-now-appear-to-be-actual-policy\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Fire\u003c/a>, \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/science/1928770/no-president-trump-calif-isnt-diverting-its-water-supply-away-from-wildfires\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">water\u003c/a>, \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/science/1929627/interior-secretary-ryan-zinke-says-california-fires-have-nothing-to-do-with-climate-change-hes-wrong\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">earth\u003c/a>, \u003ca href=\"http://www.sciencemag.org/news/2018/08/trump-s-effort-roll-back-auto-efficiency-rules-could-hinge-debate-over-safety\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">air\u003c/a> — you might say that for science journalists, fact-checking this presidency is now elemental.\u003c/p>\n\u003caside class=\"pullquote alignright\">'For decades, researchers have recognized that gender is not necessarily determined by a person’s biological sex assigned at birth, which can be physiologically uncertain in some cases.'\u003ccite>American Psychological Association\u003c/cite>\u003c/aside>\n\u003cp>Now comes a \u003ca href=\"https://www.nytimes.com/2018/10/21/us/politics/transgender-trump-administration-sex-definition.html\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">New York Times report\u003c/a> that the administration is wading into a new area: the complex interplay between biology and gender. On Sunday the paper said that the Dept. of Health and Human Services wants to establish a definition of a person's gender, one that is determined “on a biological basis that is clear, grounded in science, objective and administrable,” as the paper quoted an HHS memo.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Sex means a person’s status as male or female based on immutable biological traits identifiable by or before birth,” the memo said. “The sex listed on a person’s birth certificate, as originally issued, shall constitute definitive proof of a person’s sex unless rebutted by reliable genetic evidence.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In other words, your genitals at birth determine your gender. End of discussion.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The move aims to reverse civil rights protections granted to transgender people under the Obama administration, the Times said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But it would also appear to create an official position by the United States government that transgender people simply don't, well, exist.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>And that is going to be news to the roughly \u003ca href=\"http://williamsinstitute.law.ucla.edu/wp-content/uploads/How-Many-Adults-Identify-as-Transgender-in-the-United-States.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">1.4 million transgender individuals\u003c/a> in the country.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The American Psychological Association wasted no time in issuing a response to the report. On Monday, it said in a \u003ca href=\"https://www.apa.org/news/press/releases/2018/10/erase-transgender-definition.aspx\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">statement\u003c/a>:\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“For decades, researchers have recognized that gender is not necessarily determined by a person’s biological sex assigned at birth, which can be physiologically uncertain in some cases. Purposely ignoring this body of evidence is indefensible and certain to add to the stress and discrimination already experienced by transgender people.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Dr. Stephen Rosenthal, a pediatric endocrinologist and the medical director of UCSF's Child and Adolescent Gender Center, agrees.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp class=\"p1\">\"A\u003cspan class=\"s1\"> typical transgender person has genitalia that are not in any way obviously abnormal,\" he said. \"And not in any way a clue that that person is going to end up transgender.\"\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Genitalia, he said, does not always predict gender identity, and other physical characteristics most likely contribute to people's fundamental sense of whether they are male, female or some variant. Rosenthal cited a number of studies showing \u003cspan class=\"s1\">certain parts of the brain, shaped differently in men and women, that are more closely aligned with the gender identity of transgender individuals than with their natal sex. \u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Other research suggests that \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/futureofyou/the-biological-roots-of-gender-identity\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">genetic and endocrinological differences \u003c/a>in transgender people play a role in forming a gender identity that is different than their external sexual characteristics might indicate.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The HHS memo's proposition that genetic testing would clear up any dispute around a person's gender is also wrongheaded, said Rosenthal.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"A\u003cspan class=\"s1\">nyone, even high school students, know that there are plenty of examples of women with female bodies, female genitalia, let's say, and an unequivocal female gender identity, who happen to have XY chromosomes,\" he said, referring to the chromosomal pair typically found in males.\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The HHS memo would also seem to ignore intersex people — those individuals born with a mix of physical characteristics typically found in only males or females. A \u003ca href=\"http://www.academia.edu/21132481/How_sexually_dimorphic_are_we_Review_and_synthesis\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">2000 review\u003c/a> of the scientific literature by Brown University researchers looked at these deviations from the norm in people born from 1955 on. The survey took into account \u003cspan class=\"a\">chromosomes, gonadal structure, hormone lev\u003c/span>\u003cspan class=\"a\">els, internal genital structure and external geni\u003c/span>\u003cspan class=\"a\">tal\u003cspan class=\"l6\">ia, finding that as many as 2 percent of newborns contain some biological trait normally associated with the opposite sex. \u003c/span>\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>One of the researchers, the biologist Ann Fausto Sterling, put it this way in a seminal 1993 \u003ca href=\"https://www.researchgate.net/profile/Anne_Fausto-Sterling/publication/239657377_The_Five_Sexes_Why_Male_and_Female_are_not_Enough/links/00b7d525802a725b6b000000/The-Five-Sexes-Why-Male-and-Female-are-not-Enough.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">essay\u003c/a>:\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>\"\u003c/strong>If the state and the legal system have an interest in maintaining a two-party sexual system, they are in defiance of nature. For biologically speaking, there are many gradations running from female to male; and depending on how one calls the shots, one can argue that along that spectrum lie at least five sexes — and perhaps even more.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Last year, \u003ca href=\"https://www.scientificamerican.com/article/the-new-science-of-sex-and-gender/?fbclid=IwAR01v8tv0iW4E7ve5UEXi-9SrR2ltvAzQBS9PoREKCXREKChBMp-62KoKDU\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Scientific American\u003c/a> took note of the mounting evidence of a male-female biological spectrum. \"To varying extents, many of us are biological hybrids on a male-female continuum,\" wrote the editors. \"As science looks more closely ... it becomes increasingly clear that a pair of chromosomes do not always suffice to distinguish girl/boy — either from the standpoint of sex (biological traits) or of gender (social identity).\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Gender Identity: Biopsychosocial\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>California, of course, has moved beyond tying individuals' biological sexual characteristics to their gender identity. Last year, the state made it easier to officially change genders and \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/futureofyou/436110/california-third-gender-nonbinary\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">added a new category\u003c/a> called \"\u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/futureofyou/335790/boy-girl-both-neither-a-new-generation-overthrows-gender\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">nonbinary\u003c/a>\" to the \"male\" and \"female\" options.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Researchers often describe the roots of gender identity as a complex mix of factors that are \"biopsychosocial.\" Surveys in recent years have revealed younger generations as accepting of more customizable views of gender, with some individuals even eschewing the pronouns \"he\" and \"she\" in favor of \"they\" to indicate the duality or fluidity of their identity.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Charlotte Tate, a gender researcher at San Francisco State University, said it's time to move on from debates like the one the Trump administration is trying to foster.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"Historically, science about gender has contained lots of errors that needed to be corrected or discarded,\" she wrote in an email. \"Pretending that gender identity can be reduced to a person’s genitals is one of those errors that we needed to discard in order to move forward in a way that is scientifically productive.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"disqusTitle": "CDC Chair on Trump’s Transgender Proposal: Stigma is ‘Not in The Interest of Public Health’",
"title": "CDC Chair on Trump’s Transgender Proposal: Stigma is ‘Not in The Interest of Public Health’",
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"content": "\u003cp>The director of the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention on Tuesday suggested a \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/news/11700270/trump-move-to-redefine-gender-could-lead-to-david-and-goliath-battle-with-transgender-californians\" rel=\"noopener\" target=\"_blank\">Trump administration proposal\u003c/a> that would define someone’s sex at birth risked heightening stigma around transgender people.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The director, Robert Redfield, did not directly criticize the proposal. But when asked whether any such effort might hamper efforts to treat HIV, especially among transgender women, he replied: “We need to understand that stigmatizing illness, stigmatizing individuals is not in the interest of public health.”[contextly_sidebar id=\"mVeGOCjwCxD05uYuQsgkbTz0xWyggdvD\"]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>He made the remarks in an interview with STAT Executive Editor Rick Berke at the opening session of the Milken Institute’s Future of Health Summit.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp class=\"\">Redfield said he was not involved in developing \u003ca href=\"https://www.nytimes.com/2018/10/21/us/politics/transgender-trump-administration-sex-definition.html\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">the policy\u003c/a>, which was first reported by the New York Times.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp class=\"\">The proposal was criticized by scientists, who pointed out that it \u003ca href=\"https://www.statnews.com/2018/10/22/scientists-see-a-problem-with-trump-plan-on-defining-sex-biology/\">stands in contradiction to basic biology\u003c/a>, which recognizes that many individuals are born with sex chromosomes or genitalia that don’t conform to the social definitions of “male” and “female.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Trump addressed the issue Monday, telling reporters that the administration is “looking at it.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“We have a lot of different concepts right now,” Trump said. “They have a lot of different things happening with respect to transgender right now. You know that as well as I do and we’re looking at it very seriously.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The Department of Health and Human Services, which oversees the CDC, has declined to comment on the substance of the proposal directly. On Monday, the Washington Post reported that, while \u003ca href=\"https://www.washingtonpost.com/national/trump-administration-considering-different-concepts-regarding-transgender-rights-with-some-pushing-back-internally/2018/10/22/0668f4da-d624-11e8-83a2-d1c3da28d6b6_story.html?utm_term=.5da392e86f59\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">HHS is backing the proposal\u003c/a>, the Department of Education is pushing back.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Redfield also argued that stigma is harmful more broadly, saying that it interferes with actually treating a disease, such as addiction to opioids.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>He said that the stigma around opioid use now is greater than the stigma around AIDS.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“It’s nothing compared to what we’re confronting with drug use,” Redfield said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>For him, the issue is personal — his son has been in recovery for drug use for three years.[contextly_sidebar id=\"SSyvhjTE85ossB5jaH387kntcvQgQVWT\"]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“I pray for him every day,” Redfield said. “People don’t realize that addiction is a medical condition, it’s not a moral failing. People don’t realize it’s a chronic medical condition.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Redfield compared it to another disease, like cancer. We don’t stigmatize people whose cancer goes into remission and then flares back up, he said, so why do we stigmatize people who relapse after treatment for drug use?\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>He said that treatment for addiction should be integrated into primary care.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003ci>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">This \u003c/span>\u003c/i>\u003ca href=\"https://www.statnews.com/2018/10/23/cdc-director-on-trump-transgender-proposal/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">\u003ci>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">story\u003c/span>\u003c/i>\u003c/a>\u003ci>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\"> was originally published by STAT, an online publication of Boston Globe Media that covers health, medicine, and scientific discovery.\u003c/span>\u003c/i>\u003c/p>\n\n",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>The director of the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention on Tuesday suggested a \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/news/11700270/trump-move-to-redefine-gender-could-lead-to-david-and-goliath-battle-with-transgender-californians\" rel=\"noopener\" target=\"_blank\">Trump administration proposal\u003c/a> that would define someone’s sex at birth risked heightening stigma around transgender people.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The director, Robert Redfield, did not directly criticize the proposal. But when asked whether any such effort might hamper efforts to treat HIV, especially among transgender women, he replied: “We need to understand that stigmatizing illness, stigmatizing individuals is not in the interest of public health.”\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>He made the remarks in an interview with STAT Executive Editor Rick Berke at the opening session of the Milken Institute’s Future of Health Summit.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp class=\"\">Redfield said he was not involved in developing \u003ca href=\"https://www.nytimes.com/2018/10/21/us/politics/transgender-trump-administration-sex-definition.html\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">the policy\u003c/a>, which was first reported by the New York Times.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp class=\"\">The proposal was criticized by scientists, who pointed out that it \u003ca href=\"https://www.statnews.com/2018/10/22/scientists-see-a-problem-with-trump-plan-on-defining-sex-biology/\">stands in contradiction to basic biology\u003c/a>, which recognizes that many individuals are born with sex chromosomes or genitalia that don’t conform to the social definitions of “male” and “female.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Trump addressed the issue Monday, telling reporters that the administration is “looking at it.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“We have a lot of different concepts right now,” Trump said. “They have a lot of different things happening with respect to transgender right now. You know that as well as I do and we’re looking at it very seriously.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The Department of Health and Human Services, which oversees the CDC, has declined to comment on the substance of the proposal directly. On Monday, the Washington Post reported that, while \u003ca href=\"https://www.washingtonpost.com/national/trump-administration-considering-different-concepts-regarding-transgender-rights-with-some-pushing-back-internally/2018/10/22/0668f4da-d624-11e8-83a2-d1c3da28d6b6_story.html?utm_term=.5da392e86f59\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">HHS is backing the proposal\u003c/a>, the Department of Education is pushing back.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Redfield also argued that stigma is harmful more broadly, saying that it interferes with actually treating a disease, such as addiction to opioids.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>He said that the stigma around opioid use now is greater than the stigma around AIDS.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“It’s nothing compared to what we’re confronting with drug use,” Redfield said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>For him, the issue is personal — his son has been in recovery for drug use for three years.\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“I pray for him every day,” Redfield said. “People don’t realize that addiction is a medical condition, it’s not a moral failing. People don’t realize it’s a chronic medical condition.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Redfield compared it to another disease, like cancer. We don’t stigmatize people whose cancer goes into remission and then flares back up, he said, so why do we stigmatize people who relapse after treatment for drug use?\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>He said that treatment for addiction should be integrated into primary care.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003ci>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">This \u003c/span>\u003c/i>\u003ca href=\"https://www.statnews.com/2018/10/23/cdc-director-on-trump-transgender-proposal/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">\u003ci>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">story\u003c/span>\u003c/i>\u003c/a>\u003ci>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\"> was originally published by STAT, an online publication of Boston Globe Media that covers health, medicine, and scientific discovery.\u003c/span>\u003c/i>\u003c/p>\n\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>",
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"info": "Possible is hosted by entrepreneur Reid Hoffman and writer Aria Finger. Together in Possible, Hoffman and Finger lead enlightening discussions about building a brighter collective future. The show features interviews with visionary guests like Trevor Noah, Sam Altman and Janette Sadik-Khan. Possible paints an optimistic portrait of the world we can create through science, policy, business, art and our shared humanity. It asks: What if everything goes right for once? How can we get there? Each episode also includes a short fiction story generated by advanced AI GPT-4, serving as a thought-provoking springboard to speculate how humanity could leverage technology for good.",
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"soldout": {
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