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"content": "\u003cp>After 246 years of enslavement, what could reparations look like?\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The debate around reparations has intensified in the state since the California Reparations Task Force delivered its landmark report in June. In the final episode of our series on reparations, we learn how citizens in other states have held organizations and communities accountable for past wrongs. We also hear from Black Californians who shared their perspective on what should be done to address systemic racism in the state.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The video is a look at what’s possible for reparations.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>https://youtu.be/r5BgubzcPl8\u003c/p>\n\u003cp> \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The California Reparations Task Force’s 1,100-page report had 115 recommendations for reparative measures. The report included recommendations for direct payments to eligible descendants of enslaved people. The task force \u003ca href=\"https://oag.ca.gov/system/files/media/ab3121-agenda10-ch17-draft-05062023.pdf\">released formulas and calculations for remuneration (PDF)\u003c/a>, including up to $115,260 — or $2,352 for each year of residency between 1971 and 2020 — as compensation for mass incarceration and discriminatory policing and sentencing.[aside label=\"Reparations in California\" link1=\"https://www.kqed.org/reparations,Explore why California launched the first-in-the-nation task force to study reparations for Black people\" hero=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/2022/02/RiCLandingPageGraphic-1020x574.png\"]Cash payments for Black Californians, though, isn’t popular with Californians. According to a \u003ca href=\"https://escholarship.org/uc/item/5ks5g9f6?\">UC Berkeley Institute of Governmental Studies poll\u003c/a> released Sunday, 59% of voters oppose cash payments, including 51% of white voters. And just 27% of the 6,000 registered voters polled feel the legacy of slavery has impacted Black people a great deal.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“They can be uncomfortable with the history, but you cannot deny the truth,” task force member state Sen. Steven Bradford (D-Gardena) said at the final meeting. “Now is the time to face it, folks. To own up to the debt that is owed, to right historic wrongs here in California and across this nation. And we can do this. We can do this if we’re committed to it.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>It will be up to the state Legislature — as well as pressure from community organizers \u003cem>and\u003c/em> the education of voters — to keep the momentum moving toward restitution.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n",
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"content": "\u003cp>[dropcap]K[/dropcap]avon Ward lived in Manhattan Beach, a surfside city about 15 miles southwest of Los Angeles, for more than two years before she learned about the city’s racist history.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In 2020, not long after George Floyd was murdered by police, Ward, a poet and activist, began learning about \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/news/tag/bruces-beach\">Bruce’s Beach\u003c/a>, the beachfront real estate owned by a Black family before it was seized by the city of Manhattan Beach. The land was eventually turned into a park.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“I remember just looking out down the hill — I was at the top of the park — and seeing all of these white people and I’m thinking to myself, ‘How is it fair that all of these white people get to live here in front of what God created for everyone, after these Black people were run out?,’” Ward told me in a 2022 interview. “They take from us. They take our lives; they take our land; they take everything.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Ward founded \u003ca href=\"https://justiceforbrucesbeach.com/\">Justice for Bruce’s Beach\u003c/a> to secure restitution for the descendants of the Bruces. She wanted reparations.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“It was not so much about it being land, it was more about it being justice served,” said Ward, who also launched \u003ca href=\"https://whereismyland.org/\">Where Is My Land\u003c/a>, a national organization focused on using research, advocacy and technology to help families from across the country get remuneration for land loss.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>If you’re not familiar with Bruce’s Beach, here’s an unsanitized version: In 1912, Willa and Charles Bruce purchased a lot along the Strand, Manhattan Beach’s oceanfront neighborhood, for $1,225. The couple, part of the Great Migration of Black people who fled racial terror in the south, created a resort that served as a vacation destination for Black people living in California.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The resort became known as Bruce’s Beach. In America, segregative policies restricted Black people from accessing public beaches and swimming pools, but at Bruce’s Beach Black people could relax in the sun without being harassed for, well, being Black. In 1920, the Bruces purchased another lot. Other Black families did the same, creating a thriving Black community in Manhattan Beach.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>By 1924, the community was swept away by eminent domain.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[pullquote size=\"medium\" align=\"right\" citation=\"Kavon Ward, poet, activist and founder of Justice for Bruce's Beach\"]‘In the beginning of the 20th century, Black people owned 15 million acres of land. By the beginning of the 21st century, 90% of the land was gone. It was taken.’[/pullquote]In America, Black prosperity — especially economic prosperity — has always been met with oppressive hostility. Sometimes it comes in the form of a lynch mob of rabid racists, like the one in 1921 that presided over a two-day massacre that destroyed the Black community in Tulsa, Oklahoma, known as “Black Wall Street.” Sometimes, like in the case of Bruce’s Beach, it comes in the form of eminent domain, a law that gives the government the right to expropriate private property.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>That’s just a sanitized way of saying that Bruce’s Beach was stolen by the city of Manhattan Beach. This racially motivated process has been used in cities and states across the country. If you’ve driven on our nation’s highways, you should know much of the system \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/news/11943263/americas-highway-system-is-a-monument-to-environmental-racism-and-a-history-of-inequity\">is a monument to racism because significant portions were built on land that was taken from Black people\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[aside postID=news_11943263]The theft of land, displacement and erasure has tormented Black people since emancipation. After the disbursement of land to the formerly enslaved was revoked following President Abraham Lincoln’s assassination, the call for reparations has had a steady drumbeat. But since the California Reparations Task Force delivered its landmark \u003ca href=\"https://oag.ca.gov/ab3121/report\">1,200-page report\u003c/a> in June, the drumbeat has never been louder.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The report has 115 recommendations for reparative measures, including restitution for racially motivated takings of homes.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In the \u003ca href=\"https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Uss6JN2Ep60\">fourth episode of our video series on reparations\u003c/a>, we explore the stories of thriving Black communities — Bruce’s Beach, \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/news/11925020/promised-land-a-historically-black-california-town-honors-its-proud-painful-past-and-fights-for-its-future\">the town of Allensworth\u003c/a>, \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/news/11954111/longtime-fillmore-resident-hopes-to-restore-commerce-with-black-led-marketplace\">San Francisco’s Fillmore District\u003c/a> — that were ravaged by racist policymaking.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Uss6JN2Ep60\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“In the beginning of the 20th century, Black people owned 15 million acres of land,” Ward says at the beginning of the video. “By the beginning of the 21st century, 90% of the land was gone. It was taken.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Millions of acres of Black-owned land was just simply taken. Please remember that the next time a friend, neighbor, colleague or presidential candidate insinuates that Black people aren’t worthy of reparations.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“African Americans in the history of the United States, and within the state of California, have been this kind of available category of persons who can be removed, who can be exploited when it suits the state,” Dr. Jovan Scott Lewis, a member of California’s Reparations Task Force, says in the video.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The denial of Black prosperity is a deliberate feature of the American experiment. In 1862, the federal government passed the Homestead Act, which gave American citizens and soon-to-be citizens the right to claim 160 acres of land as America expanded west. More than 160 million acres were claimed by almost 2 million homesteaders. Enslaved and free Black people were, of course, excluded from the wealth-generating bonanza.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Less than 100 years later, the federal government enacted the G.I. Bill, a program to assist World War II veterans through low-interest mortgages and loans. Black people were once again excluded.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Between 1935 and the late 1940s, the government issued about $120 billion in low-interest housing assistance loans. Ninety-eight percent of those loans went to white people,” Donald K. Tamaki, a member of California’s Reparations Task Force, told Manjula Varghese, my colleague, who is the lead producer of the video series. “This was the transfer of wealth to help build today’s middle class.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[aside label=\"Reparations in California\" link1=\"https://www.kqed.org/reparations,Explore why California launched the first-in-the-nation task force to study reparations for Black people\" hero=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/2022/02/RiCLandingPageGraphic-1020x574.png\"]In this country, homeownership is the largest source of wealth for families. More than 1 million Black people were displaced, according to the U.S. Department of Transportation estimates, when America erected the highway system. Private property was seized by eminent domain, and hundreds of neighborhoods across the country were demolished.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In San Francisco, the redevelopment of the Fillmore, a neighborhood once known as the “Harlem of the West” because of the large number of Black businesses and entertainment venues in the area, was one of the largest projects of urban renewal on the West Coast. The decade-long project would end up displacing more than 13,000 residents.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In addition to restitution for racially motivated takings of homes, the state task force recommended providing a right to return for displaced Black people and subsidizing the purchase of new homes through down payment and loan assistance programs.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The Bruces, who left Manhattan Beach in 1927, were paid about $15,000 at the time for their land, an insufficient sum for running people out of town. It took decades for the city, which, \u003ca href=\"https://www.census.gov/quickfacts/fact/table/manhattanbeachcitycalifornia/PST045222\">according to 2022 Census data is 71% white and less than 1% Black\u003c/a>, to turn Bruce’s Beach into a park.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>According to Zillow, the real estate tracking website, the \u003ca href=\"https://www.zillow.com/home-values/19177/manhattan-beach-ca/\">average home price in Manhattan Beach at the end of June was roughly $3 million\u003c/a>. Homes along the Strand where Bruce’s Beach was located \u003ca href=\"https://www.zillow.com/manhattan-beach-ca/manhattan-beach-strand_att/\">cost almost $5 million more\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad floatright]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In June 2022, ownership of the park property was transferred back to the descendants of the Bruces by Los Angeles County. The descendants then sold the land back to the county for $20 million —atonement for almost a century of harm.\u003c/p>\n\n",
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"excerpt": "From Bruce's Beach to the highway system, eminent domain has been used to dispossess Black Californians of their property. The call for reparations has never been louder.",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003cspan class=\"utils-parseShortcode-shortcodes-__dropcapShortcode__dropcap\">K\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\u003cp>avon Ward lived in Manhattan Beach, a surfside city about 15 miles southwest of Los Angeles, for more than two years before she learned about the city’s racist history.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In 2020, not long after George Floyd was murdered by police, Ward, a poet and activist, began learning about \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/news/tag/bruces-beach\">Bruce’s Beach\u003c/a>, the beachfront real estate owned by a Black family before it was seized by the city of Manhattan Beach. The land was eventually turned into a park.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“I remember just looking out down the hill — I was at the top of the park — and seeing all of these white people and I’m thinking to myself, ‘How is it fair that all of these white people get to live here in front of what God created for everyone, after these Black people were run out?,’” Ward told me in a 2022 interview. “They take from us. They take our lives; they take our land; they take everything.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Ward founded \u003ca href=\"https://justiceforbrucesbeach.com/\">Justice for Bruce’s Beach\u003c/a> to secure restitution for the descendants of the Bruces. She wanted reparations.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“It was not so much about it being land, it was more about it being justice served,” said Ward, who also launched \u003ca href=\"https://whereismyland.org/\">Where Is My Land\u003c/a>, a national organization focused on using research, advocacy and technology to help families from across the country get remuneration for land loss.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>If you’re not familiar with Bruce’s Beach, here’s an unsanitized version: In 1912, Willa and Charles Bruce purchased a lot along the Strand, Manhattan Beach’s oceanfront neighborhood, for $1,225. The couple, part of the Great Migration of Black people who fled racial terror in the south, created a resort that served as a vacation destination for Black people living in California.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The resort became known as Bruce’s Beach. In America, segregative policies restricted Black people from accessing public beaches and swimming pools, but at Bruce’s Beach Black people could relax in the sun without being harassed for, well, being Black. In 1920, the Bruces purchased another lot. Other Black families did the same, creating a thriving Black community in Manhattan Beach.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>By 1924, the community was swept away by eminent domain.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "‘In the beginning of the 20th century, Black people owned 15 million acres of land. By the beginning of the 21st century, 90% of the land was gone. It was taken.’",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>In America, Black prosperity — especially economic prosperity — has always been met with oppressive hostility. Sometimes it comes in the form of a lynch mob of rabid racists, like the one in 1921 that presided over a two-day massacre that destroyed the Black community in Tulsa, Oklahoma, known as “Black Wall Street.” Sometimes, like in the case of Bruce’s Beach, it comes in the form of eminent domain, a law that gives the government the right to expropriate private property.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>That’s just a sanitized way of saying that Bruce’s Beach was stolen by the city of Manhattan Beach. This racially motivated process has been used in cities and states across the country. If you’ve driven on our nation’s highways, you should know much of the system \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/news/11943263/americas-highway-system-is-a-monument-to-environmental-racism-and-a-history-of-inequity\">is a monument to racism because significant portions were built on land that was taken from Black people\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>The theft of land, displacement and erasure has tormented Black people since emancipation. After the disbursement of land to the formerly enslaved was revoked following President Abraham Lincoln’s assassination, the call for reparations has had a steady drumbeat. But since the California Reparations Task Force delivered its landmark \u003ca href=\"https://oag.ca.gov/ab3121/report\">1,200-page report\u003c/a> in June, the drumbeat has never been louder.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The report has 115 recommendations for reparative measures, including restitution for racially motivated takings of homes.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In the \u003ca href=\"https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Uss6JN2Ep60\">fourth episode of our video series on reparations\u003c/a>, we explore the stories of thriving Black communities — Bruce’s Beach, \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/news/11925020/promised-land-a-historically-black-california-town-honors-its-proud-painful-past-and-fights-for-its-future\">the town of Allensworth\u003c/a>, \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/news/11954111/longtime-fillmore-resident-hopes-to-restore-commerce-with-black-led-marketplace\">San Francisco’s Fillmore District\u003c/a> — that were ravaged by racist policymaking.\u003c/p>\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003cspan class='utils-parseShortcode-shortcodes-__youtubeShortcode__embedYoutube'>\n \u003cspan class='utils-parseShortcode-shortcodes-__youtubeShortcode__embedYoutubeInside'>\n \u003ciframe\n loading='lazy'\n class='utils-parseShortcode-shortcodes-__youtubeShortcode__youtubePlayer'\n type='text/html'\n src='//www.youtube.com/embed/Uss6JN2Ep60'\n title='//www.youtube.com/embed/Uss6JN2Ep60'\n allowfullscreen='true'\n style='border:0;'>\u003c/iframe>\n \u003c/span>\n \u003c/span>\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003cp>“In the beginning of the 20th century, Black people owned 15 million acres of land,” Ward says at the beginning of the video. “By the beginning of the 21st century, 90% of the land was gone. It was taken.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Millions of acres of Black-owned land was just simply taken. Please remember that the next time a friend, neighbor, colleague or presidential candidate insinuates that Black people aren’t worthy of reparations.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“African Americans in the history of the United States, and within the state of California, have been this kind of available category of persons who can be removed, who can be exploited when it suits the state,” Dr. Jovan Scott Lewis, a member of California’s Reparations Task Force, says in the video.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The denial of Black prosperity is a deliberate feature of the American experiment. In 1862, the federal government passed the Homestead Act, which gave American citizens and soon-to-be citizens the right to claim 160 acres of land as America expanded west. More than 160 million acres were claimed by almost 2 million homesteaders. Enslaved and free Black people were, of course, excluded from the wealth-generating bonanza.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Less than 100 years later, the federal government enacted the G.I. Bill, a program to assist World War II veterans through low-interest mortgages and loans. Black people were once again excluded.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Between 1935 and the late 1940s, the government issued about $120 billion in low-interest housing assistance loans. Ninety-eight percent of those loans went to white people,” Donald K. Tamaki, a member of California’s Reparations Task Force, told Manjula Varghese, my colleague, who is the lead producer of the video series. “This was the transfer of wealth to help build today’s middle class.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>In this country, homeownership is the largest source of wealth for families. More than 1 million Black people were displaced, according to the U.S. Department of Transportation estimates, when America erected the highway system. Private property was seized by eminent domain, and hundreds of neighborhoods across the country were demolished.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In San Francisco, the redevelopment of the Fillmore, a neighborhood once known as the “Harlem of the West” because of the large number of Black businesses and entertainment venues in the area, was one of the largest projects of urban renewal on the West Coast. The decade-long project would end up displacing more than 13,000 residents.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In addition to restitution for racially motivated takings of homes, the state task force recommended providing a right to return for displaced Black people and subsidizing the purchase of new homes through down payment and loan assistance programs.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The Bruces, who left Manhattan Beach in 1927, were paid about $15,000 at the time for their land, an insufficient sum for running people out of town. It took decades for the city, which, \u003ca href=\"https://www.census.gov/quickfacts/fact/table/manhattanbeachcitycalifornia/PST045222\">according to 2022 Census data is 71% white and less than 1% Black\u003c/a>, to turn Bruce’s Beach into a park.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>According to Zillow, the real estate tracking website, the \u003ca href=\"https://www.zillow.com/home-values/19177/manhattan-beach-ca/\">average home price in Manhattan Beach at the end of June was roughly $3 million\u003c/a>. Homes along the Strand where Bruce’s Beach was located \u003ca href=\"https://www.zillow.com/manhattan-beach-ca/manhattan-beach-strand_att/\">cost almost $5 million more\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cp>In June 2022, I took an early-morning Amtrak train for a five-hour trip to \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/news/tag/allensworth\">Allensworth\u003c/a>, a town located 30 minutes off Interstate 5 near Bakersfield. It was founded in 1908 and envisioned as a Black utopia.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>To escape racist violence after the Civil War, Black people built settlements known as freedmen’s towns in a number of states across the country.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Allensworth, founded by Lt. Col. Allen Allensworth, who was enslaved in Kentucky before fleeing and becoming a Union soldier, was the first of its kind in California, and it was governed entirely by Black people.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11949153\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 1920px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-full wp-image-11949153\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2023/05/011_KQED_Allensworth_05042023.jpg\" alt='A gray building with a sign out front that reads, \"Allensworth Community Center.\" A white SUV is parked in the driveway and gray clouds hover above. The road surrounding the property is visibly wet from flooding.' width=\"1920\" height=\"1280\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2023/05/011_KQED_Allensworth_05042023.jpg 1920w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2023/05/011_KQED_Allensworth_05042023-800x533.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2023/05/011_KQED_Allensworth_05042023-1020x680.jpg 1020w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2023/05/011_KQED_Allensworth_05042023-160x107.jpg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2023/05/011_KQED_Allensworth_05042023-1536x1024.jpg 1536w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 1920px) 100vw, 1920px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">The Allensworth Community Center in Allensworth, Tulare County, on May 4, 2023. \u003ccite>(Beth LaBerge/KQED)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Before boarding, I noticed a Black, elderly woman with a walker and a colorful knit bag. She allowed me to carry her walker as we boarded the train. We found seats across from each other and shared food, stories and songs during the ride.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>She leaned in when she spoke, her eyes scanning the passing scenery. Our conversation was lively. Her enthusiasm and soprano voice — she sang with the Oakland Symphony Chorus, and wasn’t shy about singing on the train — featured prominently in the story KQED published a few months later \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/news/11925020/promised-land-a-historically-black-california-town-honors-its-proud-painful-past-and-fights-for-its-future\">about the history of Allensworth and the state park in town\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[aside postID=news_11905371 hero='https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2022/02/CA-capitol-building-1020x574.jpg']\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Maxine Butler died about a month after the story was published. She was 70. She died from COVID-19 and pancreatic cancer, according to her obituary. A fiercely religious woman, she told me God would take her when it was time. Yet, I couldn’t help but think of her death as part of a larger tragedy.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In 2021, the life expectancy for Black people was 70.8 years compared to 76.4 years for white people, \u003ca href=\"https://www.kff.org/racial-equity-and-health-policy/report/key-data-on-health-and-health-care-by-race-and-ethnicity/#:~:text=Provisional%20data%20from%202021%20show,77.7%20years%20for%20Hispanic%20people.\">according to the Kaiser Family Foundation\u003c/a>. If the U.S. had a more equitable health care system, would Butler have had a few more years to live?\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>There are over 30 pages of recommendations to address mental and physical harm in the California Reparations Task Force’s final report. The nine-member body examined California’s history over the last two years and submitted its final recommendations to the state Legislature on Thursday, June 29.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">[ad fullwidth]\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>I attended nearly all of the meetings. I even canceled plans to be present because what we pay attention to is an expression of our values — as a society and as a media organization. Attending these meetings has been exciting, boring, confusing and heartwarming.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>There were moments when I felt like I was at a live concert with songs, dance and verbal affirmations from the audience. At other times, it was like watching friends fight. There were family reunion vibes and also tedious moments when I started to think about my next meal. Through it all, I spent more time with this task force than I have with some of my close family members.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11954291\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 1920px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-full wp-image-11954291\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2023/06/RS55329_038_KQED_CAReparationsTaskForce_04142022-qut.jpg\" alt=\"A man with calm expression stands with his hands folded in front of him as he speaks to a woman with her back toward the camera. They both stand inside a church located in San Francisco. Pews surround them.\" width=\"1920\" height=\"1280\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2023/06/RS55329_038_KQED_CAReparationsTaskForce_04142022-qut.jpg 1920w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2023/06/RS55329_038_KQED_CAReparationsTaskForce_04142022-qut-800x533.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2023/06/RS55329_038_KQED_CAReparationsTaskForce_04142022-qut-1020x680.jpg 1020w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2023/06/RS55329_038_KQED_CAReparationsTaskForce_04142022-qut-160x107.jpg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2023/06/RS55329_038_KQED_CAReparationsTaskForce_04142022-qut-1536x1024.jpg 1536w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 1920px) 100vw, 1920px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Task force member Dr. Jovan Scott Lewis speaks with an attendee during the second day of an in-person meeting of the California Reparations Task Force at the Third Baptist Church in San Francisco on April 14, 2022. \u003ccite>(Beth LaBerge/KQED)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>I know the cadence of their voices. I know to expect mini-sermons from Rev. Amos C. Brown. When needed, Dr. Jovan Scott Lewis, chair of UC Berkeley’s geography department, would calmly get members back on track by summarizing points while also posing questions. A colleague once described the skill as wizardry.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Lewis also reminded the audience to do their reading. I read and I researched. I live-tweeted the meetings. I talked to people. And then, I distilled the information into stories. Racism and systemic inequality are so deeply ingrained in society that I wondered if all the task force’s efforts will have any impact.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[aside postID=news_11892312 hero='https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2021/10/RS47078_004_SanFrancisco_LowellBSURally_02052021-qut-1020x679.jpg']\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Allensworth blossomed into a thriving town before racism squeezed it into submission. Once a destination where Black people from around the country moved for safety and an opportunity to flourish, Allensworth is now a dusty Central Valley outpost. Still, it was on Butler’s bucket list.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>I can still hear her singing lyrics from a 1930s gospel hit by Sister Rosetta Tharpe that was later popularized by the folk singer Woody Guthrie. “This train is bound for glory,” she sang. “This train.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The task force’s report could be bound for glory — or obscurity. Whether or not the recommendations are adopted will, in part, be determined by public pressure. Here’s a timeline of the first-in-the-nation statewide body to study reparations for Black people.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11954302\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 1920px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-full wp-image-11954302\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2023/06/RS63563_008_KQED_DrShirleyWeber_03082023-qut.jpg\" alt=\"A woman with short, curly brown hair, dangly earrings and a red, blue and cream-patterned blouse sits as she poses for a portrait. A calm look on her face. She wears a simple gold pendant necklace.\" width=\"1920\" height=\"1280\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2023/06/RS63563_008_KQED_DrShirleyWeber_03082023-qut.jpg 1920w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2023/06/RS63563_008_KQED_DrShirleyWeber_03082023-qut-800x533.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2023/06/RS63563_008_KQED_DrShirleyWeber_03082023-qut-1020x680.jpg 1020w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2023/06/RS63563_008_KQED_DrShirleyWeber_03082023-qut-160x107.jpg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2023/06/RS63563_008_KQED_DrShirleyWeber_03082023-qut-1536x1024.jpg 1536w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 1920px) 100vw, 1920px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Assemblymember Dr. Shirley Weber poses for a portrait at the Commonwealth Club in San Francisco on March 8, 2023. \u003ccite>(Beth LaBerge/KQED)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Feb. 21, 2020:\u003c/strong> Dr. Shirley Weber, then an Assembly member, introduces \u003ca href=\"https://leginfo.legislature.ca.gov/faces/billHistoryClient.xhtml?bill_id=201920200AB3121\">AB 3121\u003c/a>, the legislation that created the task force.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Aug. 29, 2020\u003c/strong>: The legislation passes the Assembly 33-3. The Assembly floor analysis states that the bill comes at an “opportune time” when there is an “increased willingness to undertake a thoughtful and informed discussion of the issue of reparations.” It also notes that the bill “gives California the opportunity to take the lead in fostering a critically important and long overdue official discussion.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Aug. 30, 2020\u003c/strong>: AB 3121 passes the Senate 58-12. The final version of the bill changes the composition of the task force members from eight to nine and adds a “special consideration” clause: “Task Force to Study and Develop Reparation Proposals for African Americans” with “Special Consideration for African Americans Who are Descendants of Persons Enslaved in the United States.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Sept. 30, 2020\u003c/strong>: Gov. Gavin Newsom signs AB 3121.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>https://twitter.com/gavinnewsom/status/1311432334743273472?lang=en\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Feb. 1, 2021:\u003c/strong> Senate President Pro Tempore Toni G. Atkins (D-San Diego) appoints Sen. Steven Bradford (D-Gardena) and San Diego City Council member Monica Montgomery Steppe to the task force. Atkins highlights Bradford’s work as chair of the California Legislative Black Caucus and the Committee on Public Safety.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>May 7, 2021: \u003c/strong>Gov. Newsom announces his appointments to the task force: Dr. Cheryl Grills, Lisa Holder, Donald K. Tamaki, Rev. Amos C. Brown and Dr. Jovan Scott Lewis. “California is leading the nation, in a bipartisan way, on the issue of reparations and racial justice, which is a discussion that is long overdue and deserves our utmost attention,” Newsom said in a \u003ca href=\"https://www.gov.ca.gov/2021/05/07/governor-newsom-announces-appointments-to-first-in-the-nation-task-force-to-study-reparations-for-african-americans/\">press release\u003c/a>. Assembly Speaker Anthony Rendon (D-Lakewood) appoints Kamilah Moore and Assemblymember Reginald Jones-Sawyer (D-Los Angeles).\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=TT_KXUR-zls\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>June 1, 2021: \u003c/strong>The task force meets for the first time. “Your task is to determine the depth of the harm and the ways in which we are to repair that harm,” Sec. of State Weber \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/news/11876194/first-in-the-us-californias-task-force-on-reparations-looks-at-harms-of-slavery\">told task force members\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>July 9, 2021: \u003c/strong>At the second task force meeting, members discussed the importance of community engagement and communications strategy. Both Holder and Grills propose plans, and the members adopt a joint plan to serve as a guide for the process.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Sept. 23-24, 2021: \u003c/strong>The task force has its first substantive meeting as the body hears from experts on national and international reparations efforts, slavery, political disenfranchisement, and the Great Migration when millions of Black Southerners left the rural South. Many settled in California.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[aside postID=news_11906054 hero='https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2022/02/RS53887_GettyImages-1248797994-qut-800x505.jpg']\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Sept. 24, 2021:\u003c/strong> William A. Darity Jr., the co-author of \u003cem>From Here to Equality, Reparations for Black Americans in the Twenty-First Century\u003c/em>, published an \u003ca href=\"https://www.nytimes.com/2021/09/24/business/reparations-wealth-gap.html\">article\u003c/a> in \u003cem>The New York Times\u003c/em> on the racial wealth gap. Darity is one of the task force’s economic consultants.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Oct. 12-13, 2021: \u003c/strong>The \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/forum/2010101886031/california-reparations-task-force-holds-latest-hearings-on-discrimination-in-housing-education-and-more\">task force heard from experts on housing\u003c/a>, education, environmental racism, banking and the racial wealth gap. The task force members began discussing eligibility. Dr. William Spriggs, a professor at Howard University, and Dr. Thomas Craemer, an associate professor in the Department of Public Policy at the University of Connecticut, provided testimony.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Craemer testified about the wealth gap and lost wages due to slavery, and Spriggs’ testimony focused on labor. Spriggs and Craemer were part of a team of economic experts working with the task force. Spriggs, 68, died earlier this month.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[aside postID=news_11897977 hero='https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2018/08/College-Avenue-Apartment-complex.jpg']\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Dec. 7-8, 2021: \u003c/strong>The task force heard from a series of experts on infrastructure, economics, homelessness and entertainment. Members also discussed the racist and xenophobic remarks posted in the online chat. A collaboration with UCLA’s Ralph J. Bunche Center for African American Studies to create reparations listening sessions throughout the state was approved.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Jan. 27-28, 2022: \u003c/strong>The task force listened to witnesses on \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/news/11903718/from-credit-scores-to-job-applications-californias-reparations-task-force-looks-to-algorithms\">discrimination in technology\u003c/a>, public health, mental health and physical health. The members had a robust discussion on eligibility. Weber provided expert testimony.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ttDyjWSBTTk&t=3s\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Feb. 23-24, 2022: \u003c/strong>The task force discussed past and current reparations efforts. Erwin Chemerinsky, the dean of the UC Berkeley School of Law, testified on the legal implications of Proposition 209, which prohibits the use of race, ethnicity or sex as criteria in public employment, public contracting and public education.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Dr. Kaycea Campbell, professor of economics at Pierce College, along with Craemer, Darity and Spriggs, were unanimously approved as economic consultants by task force members.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>February marked the 80th year since people of Japanese descent, many of them Americans, were incarcerated during World War II. KQED’s Annelise Finney wrote about the incarceration of Tamaki’s parents and how the Civil Rights Movement inspired organizing for \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/news/11906015/how-japanese-americans-in-the-bay-area-are-carrying-forward-the-legacy-of-reparations\">Japanese reparations\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=-0YLFtziiPk&t=597s\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>March 29-30, 2022: \u003c/strong>The task force discussed the criminal legal system, anti-Black hate crimes, the history of policing and the war on drugs. It also heard from a panel on genealogy and eligibility. The body voted in favor of a \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/news/11909471/unpacking-reparations-eligibility-in-california\">lineage-based\u003c/a> reparations model.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[aside postID=news_11944986 hero='https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2023/03/RS63478_005_KQED_AlisonFordBerkeley_03022023-qut-1020x680.jpg']\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>April 13-14, 2022: \u003c/strong>The task force held the first in-person meeting at the Third Street Baptist Church in San Francisco, where Brown is the senior pastor. The meeting focused on educational institutions as well as updates on community engagement and strategic communications.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>June 1, 2022:\u003c/strong> The task force published an \u003ca href=\"https://oag.ca.gov/ab3121/reports\">interim report\u003c/a>, which examined “the compounding harms experienced by African Americans as a result of slavery and \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/news/11942302/californias-legislature-has-roots-in-slavery-are-lawmakers-ready-to-confront-that\">its lingering effects on American society today\u003c/a>.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Sept. 23-24, 2022: \u003c/strong>The task force meeting in Los Angeles focused on examples of domestic and international reparations models and the principles for effective reparations based on human rights law.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Dec. 14-15, 2022: \u003c/strong>The task force met in Oakland to go over a draft of the final recommendations. It heard from local reparations efforts in different cities and counties across California and also re-examined the scope of work for the communications firm.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[aside postID=news_11943263 hero='https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2023/03/GettyImages-1317879072-1020x665.jpg']\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Jan. 27-28, 2023: \u003c/strong>The task force met in San Diego. The members heard from experts on tax law, as well as local reparations efforts in San Francisco, Berkeley and Sacramento. Discussions on recommendations for changing laws and what an apology from the state might look like continued.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Feb. 21, 2023:\u003c/strong> “The Reasons for Reparations,” the first episode of KQED’s five-part YouTube series on reparations, is published.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=vnwBMVDCx_M\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>March 3-4, 2023: \u003c/strong>Much of the \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/news/11945690/californias-reparations-task-force-oks-method-to-calculate-lost-wealth-whats-next\">task force\u003c/a> meeting in Sacramento served as an update from advisory committees on communications and formal apologies. The members listened to a panel on implementation plans and approved the concept for a California Freedmen’s Affairs office.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>March 29-30, 2023: \u003c/strong>The task force met in Sacramento again. Brown attended the meeting from Ghana as part of Vice President Kamala Harris’ delegation. The members received the final calculations from the economic experts.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>https://twitter.com/lakitalki/status/1508832379971915785\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>May 6, 2023: \u003c/strong>The \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/news/11948385/californias-making-a-plan-for-reparations-but-will-anyone-hear-about-it\">task force held its last substantive meeting\u003c/a> in Oakland. Though more procedural in content, the audience interaction was contentious and two people were escorted out for disturbing the meeting. The draft of the final report and recommendations were approved.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>June 29, 2023: \u003c/strong>The final task force meeting will be held in Sacramento.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad floatright]\u003c/p>\n",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>In June 2022, I took an early-morning Amtrak train for a five-hour trip to \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/news/tag/allensworth\">Allensworth\u003c/a>, a town located 30 minutes off Interstate 5 near Bakersfield. It was founded in 1908 and envisioned as a Black utopia.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>To escape racist violence after the Civil War, Black people built settlements known as freedmen’s towns in a number of states across the country.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Allensworth, founded by Lt. Col. Allen Allensworth, who was enslaved in Kentucky before fleeing and becoming a Union soldier, was the first of its kind in California, and it was governed entirely by Black people.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11949153\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 1920px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-full wp-image-11949153\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2023/05/011_KQED_Allensworth_05042023.jpg\" alt='A gray building with a sign out front that reads, \"Allensworth Community Center.\" A white SUV is parked in the driveway and gray clouds hover above. The road surrounding the property is visibly wet from flooding.' width=\"1920\" height=\"1280\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2023/05/011_KQED_Allensworth_05042023.jpg 1920w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2023/05/011_KQED_Allensworth_05042023-800x533.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2023/05/011_KQED_Allensworth_05042023-1020x680.jpg 1020w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2023/05/011_KQED_Allensworth_05042023-160x107.jpg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2023/05/011_KQED_Allensworth_05042023-1536x1024.jpg 1536w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 1920px) 100vw, 1920px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">The Allensworth Community Center in Allensworth, Tulare County, on May 4, 2023. \u003ccite>(Beth LaBerge/KQED)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Before boarding, I noticed a Black, elderly woman with a walker and a colorful knit bag. She allowed me to carry her walker as we boarded the train. We found seats across from each other and shared food, stories and songs during the ride.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>She leaned in when she spoke, her eyes scanning the passing scenery. Our conversation was lively. Her enthusiasm and soprano voice — she sang with the Oakland Symphony Chorus, and wasn’t shy about singing on the train — featured prominently in the story KQED published a few months later \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/news/11925020/promised-land-a-historically-black-california-town-honors-its-proud-painful-past-and-fights-for-its-future\">about the history of Allensworth and the state park in town\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Maxine Butler died about a month after the story was published. She was 70. She died from COVID-19 and pancreatic cancer, according to her obituary. A fiercely religious woman, she told me God would take her when it was time. Yet, I couldn’t help but think of her death as part of a larger tragedy.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In 2021, the life expectancy for Black people was 70.8 years compared to 76.4 years for white people, \u003ca href=\"https://www.kff.org/racial-equity-and-health-policy/report/key-data-on-health-and-health-care-by-race-and-ethnicity/#:~:text=Provisional%20data%20from%202021%20show,77.7%20years%20for%20Hispanic%20people.\">according to the Kaiser Family Foundation\u003c/a>. If the U.S. had a more equitable health care system, would Butler have had a few more years to live?\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>There are over 30 pages of recommendations to address mental and physical harm in the California Reparations Task Force’s final report. The nine-member body examined California’s history over the last two years and submitted its final recommendations to the state Legislature on Thursday, June 29.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>I attended nearly all of the meetings. I even canceled plans to be present because what we pay attention to is an expression of our values — as a society and as a media organization. Attending these meetings has been exciting, boring, confusing and heartwarming.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>There were moments when I felt like I was at a live concert with songs, dance and verbal affirmations from the audience. At other times, it was like watching friends fight. There were family reunion vibes and also tedious moments when I started to think about my next meal. Through it all, I spent more time with this task force than I have with some of my close family members.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11954291\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 1920px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-full wp-image-11954291\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2023/06/RS55329_038_KQED_CAReparationsTaskForce_04142022-qut.jpg\" alt=\"A man with calm expression stands with his hands folded in front of him as he speaks to a woman with her back toward the camera. They both stand inside a church located in San Francisco. Pews surround them.\" width=\"1920\" height=\"1280\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2023/06/RS55329_038_KQED_CAReparationsTaskForce_04142022-qut.jpg 1920w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2023/06/RS55329_038_KQED_CAReparationsTaskForce_04142022-qut-800x533.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2023/06/RS55329_038_KQED_CAReparationsTaskForce_04142022-qut-1020x680.jpg 1020w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2023/06/RS55329_038_KQED_CAReparationsTaskForce_04142022-qut-160x107.jpg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2023/06/RS55329_038_KQED_CAReparationsTaskForce_04142022-qut-1536x1024.jpg 1536w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 1920px) 100vw, 1920px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Task force member Dr. Jovan Scott Lewis speaks with an attendee during the second day of an in-person meeting of the California Reparations Task Force at the Third Baptist Church in San Francisco on April 14, 2022. \u003ccite>(Beth LaBerge/KQED)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>I know the cadence of their voices. I know to expect mini-sermons from Rev. Amos C. Brown. When needed, Dr. Jovan Scott Lewis, chair of UC Berkeley’s geography department, would calmly get members back on track by summarizing points while also posing questions. A colleague once described the skill as wizardry.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Lewis also reminded the audience to do their reading. I read and I researched. I live-tweeted the meetings. I talked to people. And then, I distilled the information into stories. Racism and systemic inequality are so deeply ingrained in society that I wondered if all the task force’s efforts will have any impact.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Allensworth blossomed into a thriving town before racism squeezed it into submission. Once a destination where Black people from around the country moved for safety and an opportunity to flourish, Allensworth is now a dusty Central Valley outpost. Still, it was on Butler’s bucket list.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>I can still hear her singing lyrics from a 1930s gospel hit by Sister Rosetta Tharpe that was later popularized by the folk singer Woody Guthrie. “This train is bound for glory,” she sang. “This train.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The task force’s report could be bound for glory — or obscurity. Whether or not the recommendations are adopted will, in part, be determined by public pressure. Here’s a timeline of the first-in-the-nation statewide body to study reparations for Black people.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11954302\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 1920px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-full wp-image-11954302\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2023/06/RS63563_008_KQED_DrShirleyWeber_03082023-qut.jpg\" alt=\"A woman with short, curly brown hair, dangly earrings and a red, blue and cream-patterned blouse sits as she poses for a portrait. A calm look on her face. She wears a simple gold pendant necklace.\" width=\"1920\" height=\"1280\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2023/06/RS63563_008_KQED_DrShirleyWeber_03082023-qut.jpg 1920w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2023/06/RS63563_008_KQED_DrShirleyWeber_03082023-qut-800x533.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2023/06/RS63563_008_KQED_DrShirleyWeber_03082023-qut-1020x680.jpg 1020w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2023/06/RS63563_008_KQED_DrShirleyWeber_03082023-qut-160x107.jpg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2023/06/RS63563_008_KQED_DrShirleyWeber_03082023-qut-1536x1024.jpg 1536w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 1920px) 100vw, 1920px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Assemblymember Dr. Shirley Weber poses for a portrait at the Commonwealth Club in San Francisco on March 8, 2023. \u003ccite>(Beth LaBerge/KQED)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Feb. 21, 2020:\u003c/strong> Dr. Shirley Weber, then an Assembly member, introduces \u003ca href=\"https://leginfo.legislature.ca.gov/faces/billHistoryClient.xhtml?bill_id=201920200AB3121\">AB 3121\u003c/a>, the legislation that created the task force.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Aug. 29, 2020\u003c/strong>: The legislation passes the Assembly 33-3. The Assembly floor analysis states that the bill comes at an “opportune time” when there is an “increased willingness to undertake a thoughtful and informed discussion of the issue of reparations.” It also notes that the bill “gives California the opportunity to take the lead in fostering a critically important and long overdue official discussion.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Aug. 30, 2020\u003c/strong>: AB 3121 passes the Senate 58-12. The final version of the bill changes the composition of the task force members from eight to nine and adds a “special consideration” clause: “Task Force to Study and Develop Reparation Proposals for African Americans” with “Special Consideration for African Americans Who are Descendants of Persons Enslaved in the United States.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Sept. 30, 2020\u003c/strong>: Gov. Gavin Newsom signs AB 3121.\u003c/p>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Feb. 1, 2021:\u003c/strong> Senate President Pro Tempore Toni G. Atkins (D-San Diego) appoints Sen. Steven Bradford (D-Gardena) and San Diego City Council member Monica Montgomery Steppe to the task force. Atkins highlights Bradford’s work as chair of the California Legislative Black Caucus and the Committee on Public Safety.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>May 7, 2021: \u003c/strong>Gov. Newsom announces his appointments to the task force: Dr. Cheryl Grills, Lisa Holder, Donald K. Tamaki, Rev. Amos C. Brown and Dr. Jovan Scott Lewis. “California is leading the nation, in a bipartisan way, on the issue of reparations and racial justice, which is a discussion that is long overdue and deserves our utmost attention,” Newsom said in a \u003ca href=\"https://www.gov.ca.gov/2021/05/07/governor-newsom-announces-appointments-to-first-in-the-nation-task-force-to-study-reparations-for-african-americans/\">press release\u003c/a>. Assembly Speaker Anthony Rendon (D-Lakewood) appoints Kamilah Moore and Assemblymember Reginald Jones-Sawyer (D-Los Angeles).\u003c/p>\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003cspan class='utils-parseShortcode-shortcodes-__youtubeShortcode__embedYoutube'>\n \u003cspan class='utils-parseShortcode-shortcodes-__youtubeShortcode__embedYoutubeInside'>\n \u003ciframe\n loading='lazy'\n class='utils-parseShortcode-shortcodes-__youtubeShortcode__youtubePlayer'\n type='text/html'\n src='//www.youtube.com/embed/TT_KXUR-zls'\n title='//www.youtube.com/embed/TT_KXUR-zls'\n allowfullscreen='true'\n style='border:0;'>\u003c/iframe>\n \u003c/span>\n \u003c/span>\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003cp>\u003cstrong>June 1, 2021: \u003c/strong>The task force meets for the first time. “Your task is to determine the depth of the harm and the ways in which we are to repair that harm,” Sec. of State Weber \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/news/11876194/first-in-the-us-californias-task-force-on-reparations-looks-at-harms-of-slavery\">told task force members\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>July 9, 2021: \u003c/strong>At the second task force meeting, members discussed the importance of community engagement and communications strategy. Both Holder and Grills propose plans, and the members adopt a joint plan to serve as a guide for the process.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Sept. 23-24, 2021: \u003c/strong>The task force has its first substantive meeting as the body hears from experts on national and international reparations efforts, slavery, political disenfranchisement, and the Great Migration when millions of Black Southerners left the rural South. Many settled in California.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Sept. 24, 2021:\u003c/strong> William A. Darity Jr., the co-author of \u003cem>From Here to Equality, Reparations for Black Americans in the Twenty-First Century\u003c/em>, published an \u003ca href=\"https://www.nytimes.com/2021/09/24/business/reparations-wealth-gap.html\">article\u003c/a> in \u003cem>The New York Times\u003c/em> on the racial wealth gap. Darity is one of the task force’s economic consultants.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Oct. 12-13, 2021: \u003c/strong>The \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/forum/2010101886031/california-reparations-task-force-holds-latest-hearings-on-discrimination-in-housing-education-and-more\">task force heard from experts on housing\u003c/a>, education, environmental racism, banking and the racial wealth gap. The task force members began discussing eligibility. Dr. William Spriggs, a professor at Howard University, and Dr. Thomas Craemer, an associate professor in the Department of Public Policy at the University of Connecticut, provided testimony.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Craemer testified about the wealth gap and lost wages due to slavery, and Spriggs’ testimony focused on labor. Spriggs and Craemer were part of a team of economic experts working with the task force. Spriggs, 68, died earlier this month.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Dec. 7-8, 2021: \u003c/strong>The task force heard from a series of experts on infrastructure, economics, homelessness and entertainment. Members also discussed the racist and xenophobic remarks posted in the online chat. A collaboration with UCLA’s Ralph J. Bunche Center for African American Studies to create reparations listening sessions throughout the state was approved.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Jan. 27-28, 2022: \u003c/strong>The task force listened to witnesses on \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/news/11903718/from-credit-scores-to-job-applications-californias-reparations-task-force-looks-to-algorithms\">discrimination in technology\u003c/a>, public health, mental health and physical health. The members had a robust discussion on eligibility. Weber provided expert testimony.\u003c/p>\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003cspan class='utils-parseShortcode-shortcodes-__youtubeShortcode__embedYoutube'>\n \u003cspan class='utils-parseShortcode-shortcodes-__youtubeShortcode__embedYoutubeInside'>\n \u003ciframe\n loading='lazy'\n class='utils-parseShortcode-shortcodes-__youtubeShortcode__youtubePlayer'\n type='text/html'\n src='//www.youtube.com/embed/ttDyjWSBTTk'\n title='//www.youtube.com/embed/ttDyjWSBTTk'\n allowfullscreen='true'\n style='border:0;'>\u003c/iframe>\n \u003c/span>\n \u003c/span>\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Feb. 23-24, 2022: \u003c/strong>The task force discussed past and current reparations efforts. Erwin Chemerinsky, the dean of the UC Berkeley School of Law, testified on the legal implications of Proposition 209, which prohibits the use of race, ethnicity or sex as criteria in public employment, public contracting and public education.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Dr. Kaycea Campbell, professor of economics at Pierce College, along with Craemer, Darity and Spriggs, were unanimously approved as economic consultants by task force members.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>February marked the 80th year since people of Japanese descent, many of them Americans, were incarcerated during World War II. KQED’s Annelise Finney wrote about the incarceration of Tamaki’s parents and how the Civil Rights Movement inspired organizing for \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/news/11906015/how-japanese-americans-in-the-bay-area-are-carrying-forward-the-legacy-of-reparations\">Japanese reparations\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003cspan class='utils-parseShortcode-shortcodes-__youtubeShortcode__embedYoutube'>\n \u003cspan class='utils-parseShortcode-shortcodes-__youtubeShortcode__embedYoutubeInside'>\n \u003ciframe\n loading='lazy'\n class='utils-parseShortcode-shortcodes-__youtubeShortcode__youtubePlayer'\n type='text/html'\n src='//www.youtube.com/embed/-0YLFtziiPk'\n title='//www.youtube.com/embed/-0YLFtziiPk'\n allowfullscreen='true'\n style='border:0;'>\u003c/iframe>\n \u003c/span>\n \u003c/span>\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003cp>\u003cstrong>March 29-30, 2022: \u003c/strong>The task force discussed the criminal legal system, anti-Black hate crimes, the history of policing and the war on drugs. It also heard from a panel on genealogy and eligibility. The body voted in favor of a \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/news/11909471/unpacking-reparations-eligibility-in-california\">lineage-based\u003c/a> reparations model.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>April 13-14, 2022: \u003c/strong>The task force held the first in-person meeting at the Third Street Baptist Church in San Francisco, where Brown is the senior pastor. The meeting focused on educational institutions as well as updates on community engagement and strategic communications.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>June 1, 2022:\u003c/strong> The task force published an \u003ca href=\"https://oag.ca.gov/ab3121/reports\">interim report\u003c/a>, which examined “the compounding harms experienced by African Americans as a result of slavery and \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/news/11942302/californias-legislature-has-roots-in-slavery-are-lawmakers-ready-to-confront-that\">its lingering effects on American society today\u003c/a>.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Sept. 23-24, 2022: \u003c/strong>The task force meeting in Los Angeles focused on examples of domestic and international reparations models and the principles for effective reparations based on human rights law.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Dec. 14-15, 2022: \u003c/strong>The task force met in Oakland to go over a draft of the final recommendations. It heard from local reparations efforts in different cities and counties across California and also re-examined the scope of work for the communications firm.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Jan. 27-28, 2023: \u003c/strong>The task force met in San Diego. The members heard from experts on tax law, as well as local reparations efforts in San Francisco, Berkeley and Sacramento. Discussions on recommendations for changing laws and what an apology from the state might look like continued.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Feb. 21, 2023:\u003c/strong> “The Reasons for Reparations,” the first episode of KQED’s five-part YouTube series on reparations, is published.\u003c/p>\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003cspan class='utils-parseShortcode-shortcodes-__youtubeShortcode__embedYoutube'>\n \u003cspan class='utils-parseShortcode-shortcodes-__youtubeShortcode__embedYoutubeInside'>\n \u003ciframe\n loading='lazy'\n class='utils-parseShortcode-shortcodes-__youtubeShortcode__youtubePlayer'\n type='text/html'\n src='//www.youtube.com/embed/vnwBMVDCx_M'\n title='//www.youtube.com/embed/vnwBMVDCx_M'\n allowfullscreen='true'\n style='border:0;'>\u003c/iframe>\n \u003c/span>\n \u003c/span>\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003cp>\u003cstrong>March 3-4, 2023: \u003c/strong>Much of the \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/news/11945690/californias-reparations-task-force-oks-method-to-calculate-lost-wealth-whats-next\">task force\u003c/a> meeting in Sacramento served as an update from advisory committees on communications and formal apologies. The members listened to a panel on implementation plans and approved the concept for a California Freedmen’s Affairs office.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>March 29-30, 2023: \u003c/strong>The task force met in Sacramento again. Brown attended the meeting from Ghana as part of Vice President Kamala Harris’ delegation. The members received the final calculations from the economic experts.\u003c/p>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>May 6, 2023: \u003c/strong>The \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/news/11948385/californias-making-a-plan-for-reparations-but-will-anyone-hear-about-it\">task force held its last substantive meeting\u003c/a> in Oakland. Though more procedural in content, the audience interaction was contentious and two people were escorted out for disturbing the meeting. The draft of the final report and recommendations were approved.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>June 29, 2023: \u003c/strong>The final task force meeting will be held in Sacramento.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"title": "'We Still Are Lacking True Allies': California Sen. Steven Bradford on the Challenges Reparations Face in the Legislature",
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"content": "\u003cp>\u003cem>The statewide task force studying reparations for Black Californians will submit its final report to the Legislature on June 29. This conversation was produced as part of KQED’s Juneteenth reparations radio special on June 17. For more on reparations in California, visit \u003c/em>\u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/reparations\">\u003cem>kqed.org/reparations\u003c/em>\u003c/a>\u003cem>.\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>As one of nine people appointed to design the nation’s first statewide reparations plan for Black people, state Sen. Steven Bradford’s work is visionary. But he’ll be the first to tell you he is a realist. The task force studying reparations for Black residents with enslaved ancestors will submit its final report to the Legislature at the end of this month. Early drafts detail a comprehensive plan to compensate Black residents for discriminatory state policies and to prevent discrimination moving forward.[aside label=\"Reparations in California\" link1=\"https://www.kqed.org/reparations,Explore why California launched the first-in-the-nation task force to study reparations for Black people\" hero=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/2022/02/RiCLandingPageGraphic-1020x574.png\"]The Los Angeles Democrat and 14-year veteran of the Legislature says the plan is overdue, but emphasizes that it doesn’t mean the changes the report proposes — a formal apology, dozens of policies, direct payments to descendants and a new state agency to manage those payments — will become a reality overnight. To make it happen, he wants to see more lawmakers take the initiative to educate themselves about the state’s history. He urges lawmakers who say they support racial justice to walk the walk for reparations.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>As part of our Juneteenth reparations radio takeover, I sat down with Bradford to talk about what awaits the reparations proposal when it reaches the Capitol.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>This interview has been edited for brevity and clarity.\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Annelise Finney: The state decided to study reparations back in 2020 in the aftermath of the murder of George Floyd and at a moment when there was a lot of energy behind calls for racial justice. It’s now three years later. How would you characterize the appetite for reparations in the Legislature today? \u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Sen. Steven Bradford: \u003c/strong>I would say it’s the same that it was a couple of years ago. I don’t think there was ever a strong appetite for reparations here in California or anywhere else in this nation. But the climate was right to move it forward. I’m a realist and I believe that we still have major hurdles. We still are lacking true allies on this issue. I mean, it’s easy to take a knee, as we did three years ago, almost 80 members at the west steps of the Capitol in solidarity for George Floyd and police reform. But that same year, we couldn’t get a police decertification bill out of the Legislature. So it’s one thing to have optics and [another to have] a real movement. Only time will tell how far we can move with this package of bills.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>You mentioned the need for allies in this fight. What would allyship in the Legislature look like?\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Folks standing up and embracing and having a clear understanding that reparations is not charity, it’s not a handout, it’s not a gift. It’s something that is owed and due to those descendants of slavery here in this country. We had over 250 years of free labor. What built this nation was agriculture and the cotton industry. That’s what made America the wealthy country that it is today, and that was done on the backs of African descendants. People need to understand that. But it’s a lot of folks here in California that still have their head in the sand as to the reality of what slavery meant to this country.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Can legislators like yourself pick and choose parts of the report, or do they have to adopt the entire thing? \u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>It’s probably going to be a selection of things. I think it’s going to be far too detailed for us to do everything in this report. I’m just being realistic here. There’s a lot of detail. And my first challenge is hoping that the Legislature will read the report — first the interim report and then the final report that gives a clear validation and road map as to why these recommendations are being made and why they should be implemented into law.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>How do you get more legislators to read the report? \u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>If I could answer that, I’d be a rich man. I would hope they want to educate themselves and understand how we got here as a state and how we got here as a nation and the impact that slavery has had and continues to have on this county.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>What’s the legislative timeline here? How long might this all take and what’s the earliest we might see legislation from the report put into practice? \u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The earliest you’re going to probably see legislation is December of this year.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>What do you expect to be part of what’s introduced this December? \u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>I can’t speak to that. It’s going to be a working group of the Legislative Black Caucus. We will dissect and determine what we can move forward in a comprehensive manner. So I can’t speak to that until we see the final report and we all come together and collaborate and decide how we move forward.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>The two legislators that helped develop the state’s reparations plan — you and Assemblymember Reginald Jones-Sawyer — both term out of the Legislature next year. Do you think your departure will impact the push for reparations in California? \u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>I hope not, because if we’re succeeded by more African Americans, it will be at least 12 members of the Legislature who are part of the Black Caucus who have the same commitment and passion for bringing reparations forward.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>And is the Legislative Black Caucus united in its support of the reparations report? \u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Without a doubt. Many that were there when [Secretary of State] Dr. [Shirley] Weber passed the legislation [to create the reparations task force] are still here. So, yes, we’re in full support of moving a package of bills based on what that final report recommends.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Got it. And when you and Assemblymember Jones-Sawyer leave the Legislature, is there anybody in particular you expect to take up the mantle in leading this push?\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>I would hope all the members who are left behind would take up the mantle. It’s not up to one or two individuals to fight for reparations. I would hope our non-African American allies will pick up the mantle, too, and be vocal and courageous in fighting to make sure that we have a substantive reparations package here in California.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>A lot of work has gone into the process of creating this reparations plan. How are you feeling right now about the possibility of enacting these ideas into law? \u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>I’m hopeful that, at the end of the day, if California is the progressive leading state that we claim to be, then we should want to take the mantle, lead and show the rest of the nation what reparations looks like.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad floatright]\u003c/p>\n",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>\u003cem>The statewide task force studying reparations for Black Californians will submit its final report to the Legislature on June 29. This conversation was produced as part of KQED’s Juneteenth reparations radio special on June 17. For more on reparations in California, visit \u003c/em>\u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/reparations\">\u003cem>kqed.org/reparations\u003c/em>\u003c/a>\u003cem>.\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>As one of nine people appointed to design the nation’s first statewide reparations plan for Black people, state Sen. Steven Bradford’s work is visionary. But he’ll be the first to tell you he is a realist. The task force studying reparations for Black residents with enslaved ancestors will submit its final report to the Legislature at the end of this month. Early drafts detail a comprehensive plan to compensate Black residents for discriminatory state policies and to prevent discrimination moving forward.\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>The Los Angeles Democrat and 14-year veteran of the Legislature says the plan is overdue, but emphasizes that it doesn’t mean the changes the report proposes — a formal apology, dozens of policies, direct payments to descendants and a new state agency to manage those payments — will become a reality overnight. To make it happen, he wants to see more lawmakers take the initiative to educate themselves about the state’s history. He urges lawmakers who say they support racial justice to walk the walk for reparations.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>As part of our Juneteenth reparations radio takeover, I sat down with Bradford to talk about what awaits the reparations proposal when it reaches the Capitol.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>This interview has been edited for brevity and clarity.\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Annelise Finney: The state decided to study reparations back in 2020 in the aftermath of the murder of George Floyd and at a moment when there was a lot of energy behind calls for racial justice. It’s now three years later. How would you characterize the appetite for reparations in the Legislature today? \u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Sen. Steven Bradford: \u003c/strong>I would say it’s the same that it was a couple of years ago. I don’t think there was ever a strong appetite for reparations here in California or anywhere else in this nation. But the climate was right to move it forward. I’m a realist and I believe that we still have major hurdles. We still are lacking true allies on this issue. I mean, it’s easy to take a knee, as we did three years ago, almost 80 members at the west steps of the Capitol in solidarity for George Floyd and police reform. But that same year, we couldn’t get a police decertification bill out of the Legislature. So it’s one thing to have optics and [another to have] a real movement. Only time will tell how far we can move with this package of bills.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>You mentioned the need for allies in this fight. What would allyship in the Legislature look like?\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Folks standing up and embracing and having a clear understanding that reparations is not charity, it’s not a handout, it’s not a gift. It’s something that is owed and due to those descendants of slavery here in this country. We had over 250 years of free labor. What built this nation was agriculture and the cotton industry. That’s what made America the wealthy country that it is today, and that was done on the backs of African descendants. People need to understand that. But it’s a lot of folks here in California that still have their head in the sand as to the reality of what slavery meant to this country.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Can legislators like yourself pick and choose parts of the report, or do they have to adopt the entire thing? \u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>It’s probably going to be a selection of things. I think it’s going to be far too detailed for us to do everything in this report. I’m just being realistic here. There’s a lot of detail. And my first challenge is hoping that the Legislature will read the report — first the interim report and then the final report that gives a clear validation and road map as to why these recommendations are being made and why they should be implemented into law.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>How do you get more legislators to read the report? \u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>If I could answer that, I’d be a rich man. I would hope they want to educate themselves and understand how we got here as a state and how we got here as a nation and the impact that slavery has had and continues to have on this county.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>What’s the legislative timeline here? How long might this all take and what’s the earliest we might see legislation from the report put into practice? \u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The earliest you’re going to probably see legislation is December of this year.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>What do you expect to be part of what’s introduced this December? \u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>I can’t speak to that. It’s going to be a working group of the Legislative Black Caucus. We will dissect and determine what we can move forward in a comprehensive manner. So I can’t speak to that until we see the final report and we all come together and collaborate and decide how we move forward.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>The two legislators that helped develop the state’s reparations plan — you and Assemblymember Reginald Jones-Sawyer — both term out of the Legislature next year. Do you think your departure will impact the push for reparations in California? \u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>I hope not, because if we’re succeeded by more African Americans, it will be at least 12 members of the Legislature who are part of the Black Caucus who have the same commitment and passion for bringing reparations forward.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>And is the Legislative Black Caucus united in its support of the reparations report? \u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Without a doubt. Many that were there when [Secretary of State] Dr. [Shirley] Weber passed the legislation [to create the reparations task force] are still here. So, yes, we’re in full support of moving a package of bills based on what that final report recommends.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Got it. And when you and Assemblymember Jones-Sawyer leave the Legislature, is there anybody in particular you expect to take up the mantle in leading this push?\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>I would hope all the members who are left behind would take up the mantle. It’s not up to one or two individuals to fight for reparations. I would hope our non-African American allies will pick up the mantle, too, and be vocal and courageous in fighting to make sure that we have a substantive reparations package here in California.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>A lot of work has gone into the process of creating this reparations plan. How are you feeling right now about the possibility of enacting these ideas into law? \u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>I’m hopeful that, at the end of the day, if California is the progressive leading state that we claim to be, then we should want to take the mantle, lead and show the rest of the nation what reparations looks like.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cp>\u003ci>The statewide task force studying reparations for Black Californians will submit its historic report to the Legislature on June 29. This conversation was produced as part of KQED’s Juneteenth reparations radio special airing June 17. For more on reparations and the task force, visit \u003c/i>\u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/reparations\">\u003ci>kqed.org/reparations\u003c/i>\u003c/a>\u003ci>.\u003c/i>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Lisa Holder, president of the Equal Justice Society, an Oakland-based nonprofit, is a member of the California Reparations Task Force.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“The mission of the Equal Justice Society is to transform the nation’s consciousness on race through law, social science and the arts,” she told KQED. “All the work that I have done over the past 20 years, the various leadership roles that I played in civil rights, my experience as a civil rights litigator and as a civil rights activist really culminates in the work that we are doing around reparations.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>As part of our Juneteenth reparations radio takeover, Holder joined KQED’s Azul Dahlstrom-Eckman to talk about the final report and the recommendations being made to the state Legislature.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003ci>This conversation has been edited for brevity and clarity.\u003c/i>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cb>Azul Dahlstrom-Eckman: The task force has been meeting for two years now, including public listening sessions. Can you share some of the more notable moments for you over that time?\u003c/b>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cb>Lisa Holder: \u003c/b>The scale and the scope of the investigation that we undertook is what stands out. As someone who has been a litigator and lawyer for many years, especially litigating cases around equal protection and the 14th Amendment, there’s been tremendous due diligence and an extremely detailed and sound methodology that we took in formulating this reparations package and curating 15 years of scholarship about racial injustice to serve as the scholarly foundation for the legislation that we’re proposing.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>It was a massive undertaking, speaking to well over 100 experts from every field and every sector about discrimination in every field and every sector, and also speaking to and engaging with thousands of Black Californians who gave us their anecdotal experience. The fact that we worked with some of the most notable economists in the world. And we had access to brilliant Department of Justice attorneys and researchers from some of the most notable research institutes in the state of California, including the UCLA Ralph J. Bunche Center, and the Berkeley Othering and Belonging Institute. What has been most profound to me about this experience is the level of work, the quality of work and the seriousness and rigor applied to this process.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cb>Were there any particular witnesses that stood out to you, or was there a moment where you felt like there was a really strong connection with the people that were coming to share their stories?\u003c/b>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>We had several witnesses come and speak to us at hearings, but we also held listening sessions all over the state of California that were facilitated by community-based organizations capturing the stories of Californians. The stories were profound. They were profoundly disturbing, profoundly emotive. And people made themselves very vulnerable in this process in terms of sharing their personal experiences with racism and discrimination and the legacies of inequality.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But one story that resonated with me is the experience of a Black professional who is a homeowner in Marin who basically did everything right. He invested in a home that accrued wealth over time. And when he went to have the house appraised, because he was Black, the house was appraised at half a million dollars less than it was worth. [aside postID=\"forum_2010101891562\" label=\"Related Post\"]He asked one of his white neighbors to basically pretend to be the homeowner, and then he stripped his home of anything that would give away the fact that it was owned by an African American. And sure enough, under that scenario, the appraisal went up for half a million dollars.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>One of the things that we are trying to do in terms of repairing the harm is to look at the Black and white wealth gap, which is an abomination. For every $110,000 that a white household earns in wealth and assets, a Black household earns $10,000. That wealth gap is abysmal and it has to be reduced. That’s part of the work of reparations. And the way you increase wealth in the United States is through homeownership. And so this man’s story gives us a lens into what has been happening over time to reduce African Americans’ wealth. That was a very affecting story for this process.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cb>The interim report contained 13 chapters, and this final report has over 30 chapters of recommendations from the task force. To you, what are some that you feel could have the most impact?\u003c/b>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>This is a book of truth that frames the contributions that African Americans have provided to this country, and also is honest and truthful about the incredibly vast experience of discrimination and racial terror. I think it’s very important to understand the pathologizing of the Black family, because that really goes to the narrative.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[aside label=\"Reparations in California\" link1=\"https://www.kqed.org/reparations,Explore why California launched the first-in-the-nation task force to study reparations for Black people\" hero=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/2022/02/RiCLandingPageGraphic-1020x574.png\"]Until people can understand the origin and the depths of anti-Blackness in this country and the narrative around anti-Blackness that has been a dominant narrative for hundreds of years, they cannot understand the purpose of reparations. In terms of the narrative shift that this chapter and all of the chapters provide, it finally explains that Black people have been harmed and they need to be repaired.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Up until now, the normative narrative has always been and, even from the time of slavery, starting in the time of slavery, that Black people and Black bodies are a threat and Black people and Black bodies need to be punished. That has been the spectrum around which we deal with Black people as a threat that needs to be punished. Reparations shifts the narrative to Black people or people who have been harmed, and they need and must be repaired. But I do think the chapter on pathologizing a Black family helps to expand on that narrative framework.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cb>Monetary reparations often gets a lot of attention. Can you talk about the case being made for that kind of reparations?\u003c/b>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>I tend to not talk about that because that’s really the only thing that gets attention. For instance, the final report is going to be about 31 chapters and about maybe one chapter is dedicated to financial compensation. And 30 chapters are dedicated to systemic change for every single sector. But the only thing that’s getting coverage is that one chapter.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>There is this imbalance in the narrative that I feel obligated to push back on. Because, yes, reparations is about paying a debt in terms of financial compensation that’s owed to Black people. And we did have economists who grappled with that issue specifically and provide a formula for the Legislature to figure out how to do that. But reparations is much bigger than that. Reparations is about repairing systems. It’s about creating structures and supports and opportunity so the harm finally ceases and never happens again in the future.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad floatright]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>And that’s about systemic change. And that’s what my whole career has been dedicated to creating — creating systems and changing systems so that they serve Black and brown people. So I will always underscore the systemic nature of reparations and am less likely to highlight the check, because that seems to be the only narrative that’s getting oxygen.\u003c/p>\n\n",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>\u003ci>The statewide task force studying reparations for Black Californians will submit its historic report to the Legislature on June 29. This conversation was produced as part of KQED’s Juneteenth reparations radio special airing June 17. For more on reparations and the task force, visit \u003c/i>\u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/reparations\">\u003ci>kqed.org/reparations\u003c/i>\u003c/a>\u003ci>.\u003c/i>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Lisa Holder, president of the Equal Justice Society, an Oakland-based nonprofit, is a member of the California Reparations Task Force.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“The mission of the Equal Justice Society is to transform the nation’s consciousness on race through law, social science and the arts,” she told KQED. “All the work that I have done over the past 20 years, the various leadership roles that I played in civil rights, my experience as a civil rights litigator and as a civil rights activist really culminates in the work that we are doing around reparations.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>As part of our Juneteenth reparations radio takeover, Holder joined KQED’s Azul Dahlstrom-Eckman to talk about the final report and the recommendations being made to the state Legislature.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003ci>This conversation has been edited for brevity and clarity.\u003c/i>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cb>Azul Dahlstrom-Eckman: The task force has been meeting for two years now, including public listening sessions. Can you share some of the more notable moments for you over that time?\u003c/b>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cb>Lisa Holder: \u003c/b>The scale and the scope of the investigation that we undertook is what stands out. As someone who has been a litigator and lawyer for many years, especially litigating cases around equal protection and the 14th Amendment, there’s been tremendous due diligence and an extremely detailed and sound methodology that we took in formulating this reparations package and curating 15 years of scholarship about racial injustice to serve as the scholarly foundation for the legislation that we’re proposing.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>It was a massive undertaking, speaking to well over 100 experts from every field and every sector about discrimination in every field and every sector, and also speaking to and engaging with thousands of Black Californians who gave us their anecdotal experience. The fact that we worked with some of the most notable economists in the world. And we had access to brilliant Department of Justice attorneys and researchers from some of the most notable research institutes in the state of California, including the UCLA Ralph J. Bunche Center, and the Berkeley Othering and Belonging Institute. What has been most profound to me about this experience is the level of work, the quality of work and the seriousness and rigor applied to this process.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cb>Were there any particular witnesses that stood out to you, or was there a moment where you felt like there was a really strong connection with the people that were coming to share their stories?\u003c/b>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>We had several witnesses come and speak to us at hearings, but we also held listening sessions all over the state of California that were facilitated by community-based organizations capturing the stories of Californians. The stories were profound. They were profoundly disturbing, profoundly emotive. And people made themselves very vulnerable in this process in terms of sharing their personal experiences with racism and discrimination and the legacies of inequality.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But one story that resonated with me is the experience of a Black professional who is a homeowner in Marin who basically did everything right. He invested in a home that accrued wealth over time. And when he went to have the house appraised, because he was Black, the house was appraised at half a million dollars less than it was worth. \u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>He asked one of his white neighbors to basically pretend to be the homeowner, and then he stripped his home of anything that would give away the fact that it was owned by an African American. And sure enough, under that scenario, the appraisal went up for half a million dollars.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>One of the things that we are trying to do in terms of repairing the harm is to look at the Black and white wealth gap, which is an abomination. For every $110,000 that a white household earns in wealth and assets, a Black household earns $10,000. That wealth gap is abysmal and it has to be reduced. That’s part of the work of reparations. And the way you increase wealth in the United States is through homeownership. And so this man’s story gives us a lens into what has been happening over time to reduce African Americans’ wealth. That was a very affecting story for this process.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cb>The interim report contained 13 chapters, and this final report has over 30 chapters of recommendations from the task force. To you, what are some that you feel could have the most impact?\u003c/b>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>This is a book of truth that frames the contributions that African Americans have provided to this country, and also is honest and truthful about the incredibly vast experience of discrimination and racial terror. I think it’s very important to understand the pathologizing of the Black family, because that really goes to the narrative.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>Until people can understand the origin and the depths of anti-Blackness in this country and the narrative around anti-Blackness that has been a dominant narrative for hundreds of years, they cannot understand the purpose of reparations. In terms of the narrative shift that this chapter and all of the chapters provide, it finally explains that Black people have been harmed and they need to be repaired.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Up until now, the normative narrative has always been and, even from the time of slavery, starting in the time of slavery, that Black people and Black bodies are a threat and Black people and Black bodies need to be punished. That has been the spectrum around which we deal with Black people as a threat that needs to be punished. Reparations shifts the narrative to Black people or people who have been harmed, and they need and must be repaired. But I do think the chapter on pathologizing a Black family helps to expand on that narrative framework.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cb>Monetary reparations often gets a lot of attention. Can you talk about the case being made for that kind of reparations?\u003c/b>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>I tend to not talk about that because that’s really the only thing that gets attention. For instance, the final report is going to be about 31 chapters and about maybe one chapter is dedicated to financial compensation. And 30 chapters are dedicated to systemic change for every single sector. But the only thing that’s getting coverage is that one chapter.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>There is this imbalance in the narrative that I feel obligated to push back on. Because, yes, reparations is about paying a debt in terms of financial compensation that’s owed to Black people. And we did have economists who grappled with that issue specifically and provide a formula for the Legislature to figure out how to do that. But reparations is much bigger than that. Reparations is about repairing systems. It’s about creating structures and supports and opportunity so the harm finally ceases and never happens again in the future.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>And that’s about systemic change. And that’s what my whole career has been dedicated to creating — creating systems and changing systems so that they serve Black and brown people. So I will always underscore the systemic nature of reparations and am less likely to highlight the check, because that seems to be the only narrative that’s getting oxygen.\u003c/p>\n\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>",
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"content": "\u003cp>\u003cem>The statewide task force studying reparations for Black Californians will submit its historic report to the Legislature on June 29. This conversation was produced as part of KQED’s Juneteenth reparations radio special on June 17. For more on reparations and the task force, visit \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/reparations\">kqed.org/reparations\u003c/a>.\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Margaret Fortune is the president and CEO of \u003ca href=\"https://www.fortuneschool.us/\">Fortune School\u003c/a>, a network of public charter schools in California, and served as an education adviser to two California governors. Her work aims to close the racial achievement gap in education.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[aside label=\"Reparations in California\" link1=\"https://www.kqed.org/reparations,Explore why California launched the first-in-the-nation task force to study reparations for Black people\" hero=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/2022/02/RiCLandingPageGraphic-1020x574.png\"]As part of our Juneteenth reparations radio takeover, KQED’s Azul Dahlstrom-Eckman sat down with Fortune to discuss how California’s reparations proposals could help underserved Black students.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>This conversation has been edited for brevity and clarity.\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Azul Dahlstrom-Eckman: At a March meeting of the reparations task force, you provided expert testimony on racial disparities in education. What’s the state of the African American achievement gap in California schools now? \u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Margaret Fortune:\u003c/strong> Seventy percent of African American students in the state of California’s public schools do not read or write at grade level, and 84% are not achieving at grade level in mathematics. What we’re talking about is persistent, low African American student achievement in a way that is really shocking but has been normalized in California. And it’s something that we should change and invest in. And because there has been a reluctance to address the needs of African American students specifically, you get these kind of vague, amorphous approaches that haven’t demonstrated that they move the needle in a positive direction for Black students in particular.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>What are your thoughts on the \u003ca href=\"https://oag.ca.gov/ab3121/reports\">recommendations contained in the task force’s latest report\u003c/a>, and how might they help address the achievement gap? \u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>One of the recommendations that the report has made is a way to provide additional funding through the local-control funding formula. That’s how California funds schools and every school gets a base amount, and then you get more grants if you’re serving high-needs students. The legislation that we proposed, and that the reparations task force acknowledged and calls out as a potential remedy, would have included the lowest-performing subgroup in the state, driving additional dollars to the schools that serve them.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>I think it’s high time that we focus in particular on the lowest-performing group. It’s not because of their race, it’s because of their academic performance. It’s about driving funding to the students that need the most help. There are 80,000 Black kids sitting outside the funding formula that belong to the lowest-performing subgroup in the state. What the reparations task force is suggesting is that we should invest in this group, and there is a race-neutral way to do it. I like that the reparations task force is not falling into this trap of people using income as a proxy for race.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>What challenges do you think the final report’s proposals might face in the state Legislature?\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>I think the Legislature is actually quite open to the idea that African American students deserve support. I think the attorney general’s office has that point of view because it’s the one issuing this report. Where these proposals that benefit Black students run into trouble is in the governor’s office. The governor’s office has a preoccupation with the idea that anything that benefits Black people in particular is unconstitutional. I think that it’s not the Legislature where these proposals will run into troubles, it’s the governor’s office.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Oakland and Berkeley have initiated their own reparations efforts at the school-district level. I’m wondering what you make of these. Is racial inequality something that school districts can effectively take on or is this something that should be addressed at a state level?\u003c/strong>[pullquote align=\"right\" size=\"medium\" citation=\"Margaret Fortune, president and CEO, Fortune School\"]‘What we’re talking about is persistent, low African American student achievement in a way that is really shocking but has been normalized in California.’[/pullquote]I had the opportunity to be on a panel at the National Action Network Sacramento conference with a trustee from Berkeley who is leading their effort on reparations. Starting in 2013, Berkeley added Black kids to their local control and accountability funding formula at the request of parents. So now they’re having a conversation, which I think is one to watch, about reparations. While it’s early in that conversation, I do think that eyes are on Berkeley nationally as they grapple with this idea of how should African Americans be restored after a history that has resulted in low academic achievement in schools. The bottom line is that we have a terrible problem when it comes to African American achievement that has gotten worse because of the pandemic. That needs to be addressed.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>You’ve been to these reparations task force meetings and a big part of this is outlining the harms that have been done at a state level. In your experience as an educator and as a founder of public charter schools, how have state harms affected education outcomes?\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>I think the greatest harm has been ignoring African American students. It’s been to talk about them in the rhetoric, but never address them in the policy. We have found a willingness to be very specific in addressing the needs of other high-needs students in a way that the state will not do for Black students. And now Black students can be distinguished not by their race, but by their academic performance and low academic performance. So that’s the harm that needs to be repaired through investment and through accountability.\u003cbr>\n[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>As part of our Juneteenth reparations radio takeover, KQED’s Azul Dahlstrom-Eckman sat down with Fortune to discuss how California’s reparations proposals could help underserved Black students.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>This conversation has been edited for brevity and clarity.\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Azul Dahlstrom-Eckman: At a March meeting of the reparations task force, you provided expert testimony on racial disparities in education. What’s the state of the African American achievement gap in California schools now? \u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Margaret Fortune:\u003c/strong> Seventy percent of African American students in the state of California’s public schools do not read or write at grade level, and 84% are not achieving at grade level in mathematics. What we’re talking about is persistent, low African American student achievement in a way that is really shocking but has been normalized in California. And it’s something that we should change and invest in. And because there has been a reluctance to address the needs of African American students specifically, you get these kind of vague, amorphous approaches that haven’t demonstrated that they move the needle in a positive direction for Black students in particular.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>What are your thoughts on the \u003ca href=\"https://oag.ca.gov/ab3121/reports\">recommendations contained in the task force’s latest report\u003c/a>, and how might they help address the achievement gap? \u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>One of the recommendations that the report has made is a way to provide additional funding through the local-control funding formula. That’s how California funds schools and every school gets a base amount, and then you get more grants if you’re serving high-needs students. The legislation that we proposed, and that the reparations task force acknowledged and calls out as a potential remedy, would have included the lowest-performing subgroup in the state, driving additional dollars to the schools that serve them.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>I think it’s high time that we focus in particular on the lowest-performing group. It’s not because of their race, it’s because of their academic performance. It’s about driving funding to the students that need the most help. There are 80,000 Black kids sitting outside the funding formula that belong to the lowest-performing subgroup in the state. What the reparations task force is suggesting is that we should invest in this group, and there is a race-neutral way to do it. I like that the reparations task force is not falling into this trap of people using income as a proxy for race.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>What challenges do you think the final report’s proposals might face in the state Legislature?\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>I think the Legislature is actually quite open to the idea that African American students deserve support. I think the attorney general’s office has that point of view because it’s the one issuing this report. Where these proposals that benefit Black students run into trouble is in the governor’s office. The governor’s office has a preoccupation with the idea that anything that benefits Black people in particular is unconstitutional. I think that it’s not the Legislature where these proposals will run into troubles, it’s the governor’s office.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Oakland and Berkeley have initiated their own reparations efforts at the school-district level. I’m wondering what you make of these. Is racial inequality something that school districts can effectively take on or is this something that should be addressed at a state level?\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>I had the opportunity to be on a panel at the National Action Network Sacramento conference with a trustee from Berkeley who is leading their effort on reparations. Starting in 2013, Berkeley added Black kids to their local control and accountability funding formula at the request of parents. So now they’re having a conversation, which I think is one to watch, about reparations. While it’s early in that conversation, I do think that eyes are on Berkeley nationally as they grapple with this idea of how should African Americans be restored after a history that has resulted in low academic achievement in schools. The bottom line is that we have a terrible problem when it comes to African American achievement that has gotten worse because of the pandemic. That needs to be addressed.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>You’ve been to these reparations task force meetings and a big part of this is outlining the harms that have been done at a state level. In your experience as an educator and as a founder of public charter schools, how have state harms affected education outcomes?\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>I think the greatest harm has been ignoring African American students. It’s been to talk about them in the rhetoric, but never address them in the policy. We have found a willingness to be very specific in addressing the needs of other high-needs students in a way that the state will not do for Black students. And now Black students can be distinguished not by their race, but by their academic performance and low academic performance. So that’s the harm that needs to be repaired through investment and through accountability.\u003cbr>\n\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"title": "'A Matter of Political Responsibility': Political Scientist Weighs In on the Role of Reparations in Democracies",
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"content": "\u003cp>\u003cem>The statewide task force studying reparations for Black Californians will submit its final report to the Legislature on June 29. This conversation was produced as part of KQED’s Juneteenth reparations radio special that aired on June 17. For more on reparations in California, visit \u003c/em>\u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/reparations\">\u003cem>kqed.org/reparations\u003c/em>\u003c/a>\u003cem>.\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Sacramento State professor Mark Brown cut a striking figure at the California Reparations Task Force meetings. The professor of political science is a tall, thin white man who could often be seen sitting quietly in the audience, taking notes for the classes he teaches on reparations and critical whiteness in Germany and the United States.[aside label=\"Reparations in California\" link1=\"https://www.kqed.org/reparations,Explore why California launched the first-in-the-nation task force to study reparations for Black people\" hero=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/2022/02/RiCLandingPageGraphic-1020x574.png\"]At the task force meetings over the last two years, non-Black audience members have been rare, but Brown argues that non-Black Californians should be paying attention. According to the 2020 census, Black residents make up less than 6% of the state’s population. If the task force’s expansive proposals are to become law after they arrive in the Legislature, they will require broad-based support from California residents across racial groups.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Brown says providing reparations to communities can restore some legitimacy to democratic governments in places where inequity has caused disillusionment and distrust. In doing so, he suggests, reparations can strengthen democracies, offering a potential benefit to all Californians.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>As part of our Juneteenth reparations radio takeover, I spoke with Brown about the role of reparations in democracies.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>This conversation has been edited for brevity and clarity.\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Annelise Finney: In \u003c/strong>\u003ca href=\"https://www.sacbee.com/opinion/op-ed/article275034421.html\">\u003cstrong>a recent op-ed in \u003cem>The Sacramento Bee\u003c/em>\u003c/strong>\u003c/a>\u003cstrong>, you wrote that paying reparations to the descendants of American slavery is a question of political responsibility. Can you explain what you mean by that?\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Mark Brown:\u003c/strong> It’s a way of saying that reparations is not about individual guilt. You can only be guilty for things you have done yourself, and nobody alive today is personally guilty of enslaving anyone [as part of American chattel slavery]. So talking about reparations as a matter of political responsibility is a way of saying that it’s a shared, collective responsibility. And it’s a way of talking about taking responsibility for the wrongs committed by the government that represents us.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>I think it’s useful to see reparations as part of democratic citizenship, similar to paying taxes or voting and so on. We get various benefits from being citizens — we have roads, bridges, the sewage system, schools, parks and so on — and so we need to also accept the shared burdens that come with those benefits. It would be unfair to only take the benefits and refuse the burdens.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>How do you understand the role of paying reparations to harmed groups in democracies generally?\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In a democracy, it’s important for governments to take account of public opinion, and that’s one of the biggest challenges for reparations at the moment. A survey last fall found that \u003ca href=\"https://www.pewresearch.org/short-reads/2022/11/28/black-and-white-americans-are-far-apart-in-their-views-of-reparations-for-slavery/\">public support for reparations is about 30% nationwide\u003c/a>, which is actually more than double what it was two decades ago. But it’s still far from a majority. A \u003ca href=\"https://www.ppic.org/blog/californians-racial-attitudes-and-the-reparations-task-force/\">more recent poll in California\u003c/a> finds that it’s somewhat higher, perhaps even a lot higher. But in any case, it’s important for, on the one hand, politicians to engage with the public and take seriously public concerns about reparations and public skepticism.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But also democracy does not mean that governments do exactly what the people want. It’s very common for political representatives to attempt to persuade their constituents and make attempts to change public opinion on issues that matter. A really good example of this is the history of reparations in Germany, when Germany paid reparations for the Holocaust to the state of Israel and to individual Jewish survivors. The majority of the public was actually opposed and it took a long time and a lot of work by political leaders and activists to change public opinion. Thirty years later, Germany was widely seen as a real model for developing a culture of memory and for really integrating efforts to remember the Holocaust and teach about it into German culture and German national identity.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>The recommendations that the state task force has made don’t specify how they would be paid for, but presumably it includes some amount of taxpayer dollars, including the taxes paid by Black residents of California. How does that fit into your understanding of political responsibility and the state’s role here? \u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Yes, my understanding is that it’s not quite clear yet exactly how reparations will be funded. I do think funding that through taxpayer dollars is the most democratic, and that does mean that potentially recipients would also pay into the fund that pays for reparations. But that should really be seen as a form of inclusion and of citizenship. And we have a progressive tax system, and those who are more wealthy pay more taxes. And so I think that could be a way to increase public support for reparations, to make clear it’s not about white people being asked to give something to Black people. It’s about all of us, as democratic citizens, trying to take account of the wrongs committed by our government.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>If the state does create reparations programs, how do you think that might impact political divisions in California and across the country? \u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>People often say that reparations are going to be divisive. It certainly is a controversial topic and there are huge differences among different groups in public opinion. But our country is already strongly divided on a whole range of issues, and public opinion on questions of racial disparity and racial justice is one of the most significant areas of division. And I think there’s actually a good case to be made that reparations can help to reduce division and to provide a certain kind of reconciliation. That’s often been the role of reparations and in other countries as part of a peace process. Congresswoman Sheila Jackson Lee (D-Texas) was recently quoted as saying, “Reparations are ultimately about respect, reconciliation and healing.” And I think there’s at least the potential that it could play that role in helping to overcome some of our political divisions.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad floatright]\u003c/p>\n",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>\u003cem>The statewide task force studying reparations for Black Californians will submit its final report to the Legislature on June 29. This conversation was produced as part of KQED’s Juneteenth reparations radio special that aired on June 17. For more on reparations in California, visit \u003c/em>\u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/reparations\">\u003cem>kqed.org/reparations\u003c/em>\u003c/a>\u003cem>.\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Sacramento State professor Mark Brown cut a striking figure at the California Reparations Task Force meetings. The professor of political science is a tall, thin white man who could often be seen sitting quietly in the audience, taking notes for the classes he teaches on reparations and critical whiteness in Germany and the United States.\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>At the task force meetings over the last two years, non-Black audience members have been rare, but Brown argues that non-Black Californians should be paying attention. According to the 2020 census, Black residents make up less than 6% of the state’s population. If the task force’s expansive proposals are to become law after they arrive in the Legislature, they will require broad-based support from California residents across racial groups.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Brown says providing reparations to communities can restore some legitimacy to democratic governments in places where inequity has caused disillusionment and distrust. In doing so, he suggests, reparations can strengthen democracies, offering a potential benefit to all Californians.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>As part of our Juneteenth reparations radio takeover, I spoke with Brown about the role of reparations in democracies.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>This conversation has been edited for brevity and clarity.\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Annelise Finney: In \u003c/strong>\u003ca href=\"https://www.sacbee.com/opinion/op-ed/article275034421.html\">\u003cstrong>a recent op-ed in \u003cem>The Sacramento Bee\u003c/em>\u003c/strong>\u003c/a>\u003cstrong>, you wrote that paying reparations to the descendants of American slavery is a question of political responsibility. Can you explain what you mean by that?\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Mark Brown:\u003c/strong> It’s a way of saying that reparations is not about individual guilt. You can only be guilty for things you have done yourself, and nobody alive today is personally guilty of enslaving anyone [as part of American chattel slavery]. So talking about reparations as a matter of political responsibility is a way of saying that it’s a shared, collective responsibility. And it’s a way of talking about taking responsibility for the wrongs committed by the government that represents us.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>I think it’s useful to see reparations as part of democratic citizenship, similar to paying taxes or voting and so on. We get various benefits from being citizens — we have roads, bridges, the sewage system, schools, parks and so on — and so we need to also accept the shared burdens that come with those benefits. It would be unfair to only take the benefits and refuse the burdens.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>How do you understand the role of paying reparations to harmed groups in democracies generally?\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In a democracy, it’s important for governments to take account of public opinion, and that’s one of the biggest challenges for reparations at the moment. A survey last fall found that \u003ca href=\"https://www.pewresearch.org/short-reads/2022/11/28/black-and-white-americans-are-far-apart-in-their-views-of-reparations-for-slavery/\">public support for reparations is about 30% nationwide\u003c/a>, which is actually more than double what it was two decades ago. But it’s still far from a majority. A \u003ca href=\"https://www.ppic.org/blog/californians-racial-attitudes-and-the-reparations-task-force/\">more recent poll in California\u003c/a> finds that it’s somewhat higher, perhaps even a lot higher. But in any case, it’s important for, on the one hand, politicians to engage with the public and take seriously public concerns about reparations and public skepticism.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But also democracy does not mean that governments do exactly what the people want. It’s very common for political representatives to attempt to persuade their constituents and make attempts to change public opinion on issues that matter. A really good example of this is the history of reparations in Germany, when Germany paid reparations for the Holocaust to the state of Israel and to individual Jewish survivors. The majority of the public was actually opposed and it took a long time and a lot of work by political leaders and activists to change public opinion. Thirty years later, Germany was widely seen as a real model for developing a culture of memory and for really integrating efforts to remember the Holocaust and teach about it into German culture and German national identity.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>The recommendations that the state task force has made don’t specify how they would be paid for, but presumably it includes some amount of taxpayer dollars, including the taxes paid by Black residents of California. How does that fit into your understanding of political responsibility and the state’s role here? \u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Yes, my understanding is that it’s not quite clear yet exactly how reparations will be funded. I do think funding that through taxpayer dollars is the most democratic, and that does mean that potentially recipients would also pay into the fund that pays for reparations. But that should really be seen as a form of inclusion and of citizenship. And we have a progressive tax system, and those who are more wealthy pay more taxes. And so I think that could be a way to increase public support for reparations, to make clear it’s not about white people being asked to give something to Black people. It’s about all of us, as democratic citizens, trying to take account of the wrongs committed by our government.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>If the state does create reparations programs, how do you think that might impact political divisions in California and across the country? \u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>People often say that reparations are going to be divisive. It certainly is a controversial topic and there are huge differences among different groups in public opinion. But our country is already strongly divided on a whole range of issues, and public opinion on questions of racial disparity and racial justice is one of the most significant areas of division. And I think there’s actually a good case to be made that reparations can help to reduce division and to provide a certain kind of reconciliation. That’s often been the role of reparations and in other countries as part of a peace process. Congresswoman Sheila Jackson Lee (D-Texas) was recently quoted as saying, “Reparations are ultimately about respect, reconciliation and healing.” And I think there’s at least the potential that it could play that role in helping to overcome some of our political divisions.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"title": "Racist Housing Policies Decimated Black Homeownership. Is Change Coming?",
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"content": "\u003cp>\u003cem>On Saturday, KQED’s weekend team will present a radio special featuring in-depth audio stories, conversations with experts and reporting from Bay Area Juneteenth events. For more, visit \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/reparations\">kqed.org/reparations\u003c/a>.\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Wearing gold sequin slippers, Faye Myrette Crosley shuffled into the living room where a bespectacled, Black Santa mannequin stood next to a Christmas tree, one of two in the room.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>It was Jan. 6 when Crosley and her grandson, Kevin Hayes, sat on plastic-wrapped furniture for a conversation with KQED that neither really wanted to have: They were facing eviction. Five days later, on a stormy morning, Contra Costa County sheriff’s deputies escorted them out of the home as neighbors and supporters, who were served bagels by Crosley, protested.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Crosley, an 80-year-old Black woman, had lived in the seven-bedroom house in unincorporated Richmond for three decades. Hayes was raised in the house. His mother, who needs special assistance, lived in the home, too. From time to time, so did many of their relatives. The house was the family’s anchor.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11952791\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 800px\">\u003ca href=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2023/06/RS62952_02122023_fayecrosleyeviction-002-KQED.jpg\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"wp-image-11952791 size-medium\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2023/06/RS62952_02122023_fayecrosleyeviction-002-KQED-800x532.jpg\" alt=\"A front entrance to a home seen from outside the chainlink fence surrounding it. The front lawn has chairs and other belongings on it.\" width=\"800\" height=\"532\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2023/06/RS62952_02122023_fayecrosleyeviction-002-KQED-800x532.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2023/06/RS62952_02122023_fayecrosleyeviction-002-KQED-1020x678.jpg 1020w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2023/06/RS62952_02122023_fayecrosleyeviction-002-KQED-160x106.jpg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2023/06/RS62952_02122023_fayecrosleyeviction-002-KQED-1536x1022.jpg 1536w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2023/06/RS62952_02122023_fayecrosleyeviction-002-KQED.jpg 1920w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Furniture and other objects rest outside Faye Crosley’s home of several decades in Richmond, on Feb. 12, 2023. Crosley and her family were evicted in January. \u003ccite>(Kori Suzuki/KQED)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>As I listened to Crosley and Hayes talk about suspicious mortgage lending practices, I began wondering whether the recommendations from the California Reparations Task Force, the first statewide body to examine the historic harms of slavery and anti-Black racism, could provide relief for struggling homeowners like Crosley.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The task force will deliver policy recommendations to the Legislature at the end of the month. The legacy of housing segregation and discrimination, including the confiscation of property by eminent domain, is featured prominently in the task force’s report.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[pullquote size=\"medium\" align=\"right\" citation=\"Donald K. Tamaki, member, California Reparations Task Force\"]‘Dealing with the aftermath of racial zoning and redlining, these proposals that are being submitted [are] simply the beginning of asking the Legislature to do something about the harm that’s been caused.’[/pullquote]“This is a book of truth that frames the contributions that African Americans have provided to this country, and also is honest and truthful about the incredibly vast experience of discrimination and racial terror,” Lisa Holder, a task force member, told my colleague for an interview that will air during KQED’s Juneteenth reparations radio special on Saturday. “Until people can understand the origin and the depths of anti-Blackness in this country and the narrative around anti-Blackness that has been a dominant narrative for hundreds of years, they cannot understand the purpose of reparations.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>For more than four decades, beginning in the 1920s and 1930s, redlining made it legal to deny affordable mortgages in Black neighborhoods. Decades later, those same neighborhoods were targeted by subprime lenders. The day before Gov. Gavin Newsom signed the bill that established the task force, he signed a bill that requires counties to identify and purge unlawfully restrictive covenants from property records. The covenants prohibited people of non-white racial and ethnic backgrounds from owning homes in white areas, ensuring racial segregation.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11952987\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 800px\">\u003ca href=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2023/06/RS61985_026_KQED_FayeCrosleyRichmondEviction_01112023-KQED.jpg\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"wp-image-11952987 size-medium\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2023/06/RS61985_026_KQED_FayeCrosleyRichmondEviction_01112023-KQED-800x533.jpg\" alt=\"An older Black woman wearing a leopard print shirt goes through papers alongside a man doing the same. Behind the woman dishes are displayed on shelves and next to a nutcracker and other Christmas decorations.\" width=\"800\" height=\"533\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2023/06/RS61985_026_KQED_FayeCrosleyRichmondEviction_01112023-KQED-800x533.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2023/06/RS61985_026_KQED_FayeCrosleyRichmondEviction_01112023-KQED-1020x680.jpg 1020w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2023/06/RS61985_026_KQED_FayeCrosleyRichmondEviction_01112023-KQED-160x107.jpg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2023/06/RS61985_026_KQED_FayeCrosleyRichmondEviction_01112023-KQED-1536x1024.jpg 1536w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2023/06/RS61985_026_KQED_FayeCrosleyRichmondEviction_01112023-KQED-1920x1280.jpg 1920w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2023/06/RS61985_026_KQED_FayeCrosleyRichmondEviction_01112023-KQED.jpg 2000w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Faye Crosley, 80, and her grandson Kevin Hayes go through legal paperwork at their Richmond home on Jan. 11, 2023, the day of their scheduled eviction. \u003ccite>(Beth LaBerge/KQED)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>In 2004, the Black homeownership rate in California peaked at 51%. If you are moderately familiar with American history, unlike the front-runners for the Republican presidential nomination, you know that Black prosperity in America has always been hijacked.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[aside label=\"Reparations in California\" link1=\"https://www.kqed.org/reparations,Explore why California launched the first-in-the-nation task force to study reparations for Black people\" hero=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/2022/02/RiCLandingPageGraphic-1020x574.png\"]In the interest of time, we’ll skip over the generational wealth that was created from the unpaid labor of enslaved people and the racial terror their ancestors endured after the federal government abandoned Reconstruction-era policies, and jump to the Black Wall Street massacre in 1921. Three decades later, the targeted destruction of Black communities was deployed to create paths from the suburbs to city centers for white commuters.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>As the country marched toward abolishing racial segregation, the Federal-Aid Highway Act of 1956 paved the way for \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/news/11943263/americas-highway-system-is-a-monument-to-environmental-racism-and-a-history-of-inequity\">transportation projects to plow through areas where Black people flourished\u003c/a>. Private property was seized. Homes and businesses in hundreds of neighborhoods across the country were demolished. More than 1 million people were displaced, according to U.S. Department of Transportation estimates.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>A half-century after the infrastructure project began, a cyclonic financial crisis engulfed the nation. Guess who paid the price? Crosley was like many Black homeowners in the early 2000s who were targeted with subprime loans and adjustable-rate mortgages. People who refinance their homes with loans that include rising rates and payments are more likely to enter foreclosure. Lured by the initially low interest rates, buyers were unable to keep up payments when the rates escalated.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>A 2014 report by the Pew Research Center found that the \u003ca href=\"https://www.pewresearch.org/fact-tank/2014/12/12/racial-wealth-gaps-great-recession/\">median net worth of Black households dropped 43% during the recession\u003c/a> that followed the 2008 financial crisis. It is estimated that 240,000 Black people lost the homes they owned.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11952790\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 800px\">\u003ca href=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2023/06/RS62083_026_KQED_RichmondEviction_01142023-KQED.jpg\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-medium wp-image-11952790\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2023/06/RS62083_026_KQED_RichmondEviction_01142023-KQED-800x533.jpg\" alt='Three papers are taped to a white front door to a home. One reads \"No Trespassing\" in bold. hanging from the door is an ornament of a green frog and a \"Welcome\" sign.' width=\"800\" height=\"533\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2023/06/RS62083_026_KQED_RichmondEviction_01142023-KQED-800x533.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2023/06/RS62083_026_KQED_RichmondEviction_01142023-KQED-1020x680.jpg 1020w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2023/06/RS62083_026_KQED_RichmondEviction_01142023-KQED-160x107.jpg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2023/06/RS62083_026_KQED_RichmondEviction_01142023-KQED-1536x1024.jpg 1536w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2023/06/RS62083_026_KQED_RichmondEviction_01142023-KQED.jpg 1920w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">A ‘No Trespassing’ sign hangs on Faye Crosley’s door in Richmond on Jan. 14, 2023. \u003ccite>(Beth LaBerge/KQED)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>The struggle to save Crosley’s home began in January 2009 when she defaulted on her loan for the first time, according to public records. In an effort to stay afloat, public records show she refinanced five times through four different lenders from 2001 to 2007. Her loan amount ballooned to double the home’s value. She was underwater.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“This is really when the mortgage crisis really started to get attention, and it started to heat up, and consumers were unable to make their mortgage payments likely because there was an adjustable rate mortgage on the property,” said Verleana Green, an attorney with a specialty in elder law and estate planning.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Green reviewed public records obtained by KQED that show there were 30 deed transfers on Crosley’s home in three decades. Green told us she’d never seen a situation where a loan had been reassigned so many times. She said that when banks assign loans to other banks, it grows into a web of confusion for consumers.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“So by the time this person says, ‘Hey, listen, I want to refinance, I need a loan modification because I can’t make payments,’ she probably didn’t know who to make payments to,” Green said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In the fall of 2012, long after big banks were bailed out, the lender stopped cashing Crosley’s checks.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“My daughter, she knows all about the computers and stuff, so she knew how to send that money into the computer,” Crosley said. “We could send it to the post office. We’d send it in different ways and they blocked it. They wouldn’t accept no payment.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Crosley told KQED that the lender offered her a deal — increasing the mortgage from $1,715 to $3,900 — that the retired real estate agent couldn’t afford on the $2,900 per month she receives from the government to take care of her daughter and alimony.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>According to U.S. Census Bureau data, Black homeownership has declined 15% in the state since 2004. In 2021, \u003ca href=\"https://www.calhfa.ca.gov/community/index.htm\">California’s Black homeownership rate was 36%\u003c/a>, almost 30 points lower than white residents. To put the gulf into perspective, the \u003ca href=\"https://www.calhfa.ca.gov/community/buildingblackwealth.htm\">Black homeownership rate was 42% in the 1960s\u003c/a> when it was legal to discriminate against Black homebuyers. The Fair Housing Act of 1968 outlawed redlining, but the effects of the discriminatory practice still reverberate.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Everybody else has been able to sort of move up the ladder, but Black people have not been,” Donald K. Tamaki, a task force member, told my colleague Maria Fernanda Bernal. “They did gain ground in the 2000s. They lost it during the mortgage crisis.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>So will the task force’s proposals keep Black homeowners like Crosley in their homes?\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>No.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“It does cover things like making loans available, providing more affordable housing,” Tamaki told Bernal. “Dealing with the aftermath of racial zoning and redlining, these proposals that are being submitted [are] simply the beginning of asking the Legislature to do something about the harm that’s been caused.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The task force is recommending direct financial assistance to increase Black homeownership in the state. In a draft of the final report, the members also recommend collecting data on housing discrimination, providing anti-racism training to workers in the housing field and providing restitution for homes confiscated by eminent domain, among other proposals.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11952789\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 800px\">\u003ca href=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2023/06/RS62066_011_KQED_RichmondEviction_01142023-KQED.jpg\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-medium wp-image-11952789\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2023/06/RS62066_011_KQED_RichmondEviction_01142023-KQED-800x533.jpg\" alt=\"An array of family photos in a picture frame show children wearing halloween costumes, brushing their teeth, dressed in cap and gown and many more -- 14 photos in all.\" width=\"800\" height=\"533\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2023/06/RS62066_011_KQED_RichmondEviction_01142023-KQED-800x533.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2023/06/RS62066_011_KQED_RichmondEviction_01142023-KQED-1020x680.jpg 1020w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2023/06/RS62066_011_KQED_RichmondEviction_01142023-KQED-160x107.jpg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2023/06/RS62066_011_KQED_RichmondEviction_01142023-KQED-1536x1024.jpg 1536w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2023/06/RS62066_011_KQED_RichmondEviction_01142023-KQED.jpg 1920w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Photos show several generations of Faye Crosley’s family, at their home in Richmond on Jan. 14, 2023. \u003ccite>(Beth LaBerge/KQED)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>The Golden Gate Bridge and the Bay Bridge were visible from the picture windows in Crosley’s living room. Decades of family photos were the first things I noticed after walking through the front door in January.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The polka-dot dress Crosley wore was baggy on her slight frame. She told me that a third of her stomach had been removed when she had stomach cancer. In May 2021, she said, she broke four ribs and punctured a lung in a fall that landed her in the hospital for almost two weeks.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Documents were strewn on a table. Former neighbors, lawyers and paralegals, including one who is known as Tiger Bob, have provided legal advice to Crosley, but all of her attempts to keep the home have repeatedly been dismissed by judges.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11952792\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 800px\">\u003ca href=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2023/06/RS62975_02122023_fayecrosleyeviction-516-KQED.jpg\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-medium wp-image-11952792\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2023/06/RS62975_02122023_fayecrosleyeviction-516-KQED-800x532.jpg\" alt='A group of people march down a street holding signs and chanting. A visible sign reads \"Housing is a human right.\"' width=\"800\" height=\"532\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2023/06/RS62975_02122023_fayecrosleyeviction-516-KQED-800x532.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2023/06/RS62975_02122023_fayecrosleyeviction-516-KQED-1020x678.jpg 1020w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2023/06/RS62975_02122023_fayecrosleyeviction-516-KQED-160x106.jpg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2023/06/RS62975_02122023_fayecrosleyeviction-516-KQED-1536x1022.jpg 1536w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2023/06/RS62975_02122023_fayecrosleyeviction-516-KQED.jpg 1920w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Faye Crosley (center left, in leopard print) walks down Highland Ave. in Richmond with a group of friends, neighbors and family members, including grandson Kevin Hayes (right foreground), to protest her recent eviction from her home of several decades just down the street, on Feb. 12, 2023. \u003ccite>(Kori Suzuki/KQED)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Hayes, who posted Crosley’s story on Instagram, raised more than $23,000 on GoFundMe. The money was used to pay for legal fees and a storage space and to rent a two-bedroom apartment near the Richmond marina with her daughter. The rent is $2,500 and storage $600.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>When Bernal and I visited Crosley in April, she offered us cookies and juice. We noticed that there was space for only a fraction of the pictures and knickknacks that once decorated her home. Her dog is living with Hayes’ sister.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“I didn’t believe that they were going to put me out,” Crosley said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Hayes said Crosley’s health has declined since being evicted. The home that Crosley purchased for $235,000 in 1992 is now for sale for almost $1 million. Decades of memories are gone, and the equity that could have been passed to her heirs has been erased.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>After months of housing instability, Hayes, 31, now lives in a communal space in Oakland.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“I just want her to be happy and I think that the only way that would happen is if she just gets to be back in her house,” he told Bernal. “I think that’s what, like, really breaks me, too. It just hurts so much to know that that pain is there, and that’s what the last section of her life was like.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad floatright]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>KQED’s Maria Fernanda Bernal contributed reporting.\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\n",
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"excerpt": "The legacy of these policies and predatory loans has led to a sharp decline in Black homeownership. California's reparations task force addresses the discrimination in its final report. But will lawmakers do anything?",
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"title": "Racist Housing Policies Decimated Black Homeownership. Is Change Coming? | KQED",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>\u003cem>On Saturday, KQED’s weekend team will present a radio special featuring in-depth audio stories, conversations with experts and reporting from Bay Area Juneteenth events. For more, visit \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/reparations\">kqed.org/reparations\u003c/a>.\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Wearing gold sequin slippers, Faye Myrette Crosley shuffled into the living room where a bespectacled, Black Santa mannequin stood next to a Christmas tree, one of two in the room.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>It was Jan. 6 when Crosley and her grandson, Kevin Hayes, sat on plastic-wrapped furniture for a conversation with KQED that neither really wanted to have: They were facing eviction. Five days later, on a stormy morning, Contra Costa County sheriff’s deputies escorted them out of the home as neighbors and supporters, who were served bagels by Crosley, protested.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Crosley, an 80-year-old Black woman, had lived in the seven-bedroom house in unincorporated Richmond for three decades. Hayes was raised in the house. His mother, who needs special assistance, lived in the home, too. From time to time, so did many of their relatives. The house was the family’s anchor.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11952791\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 800px\">\u003ca href=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2023/06/RS62952_02122023_fayecrosleyeviction-002-KQED.jpg\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"wp-image-11952791 size-medium\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2023/06/RS62952_02122023_fayecrosleyeviction-002-KQED-800x532.jpg\" alt=\"A front entrance to a home seen from outside the chainlink fence surrounding it. The front lawn has chairs and other belongings on it.\" width=\"800\" height=\"532\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2023/06/RS62952_02122023_fayecrosleyeviction-002-KQED-800x532.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2023/06/RS62952_02122023_fayecrosleyeviction-002-KQED-1020x678.jpg 1020w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2023/06/RS62952_02122023_fayecrosleyeviction-002-KQED-160x106.jpg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2023/06/RS62952_02122023_fayecrosleyeviction-002-KQED-1536x1022.jpg 1536w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2023/06/RS62952_02122023_fayecrosleyeviction-002-KQED.jpg 1920w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Furniture and other objects rest outside Faye Crosley’s home of several decades in Richmond, on Feb. 12, 2023. Crosley and her family were evicted in January. \u003ccite>(Kori Suzuki/KQED)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>As I listened to Crosley and Hayes talk about suspicious mortgage lending practices, I began wondering whether the recommendations from the California Reparations Task Force, the first statewide body to examine the historic harms of slavery and anti-Black racism, could provide relief for struggling homeowners like Crosley.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The task force will deliver policy recommendations to the Legislature at the end of the month. The legacy of housing segregation and discrimination, including the confiscation of property by eminent domain, is featured prominently in the task force’s report.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "‘Dealing with the aftermath of racial zoning and redlining, these proposals that are being submitted [are] simply the beginning of asking the Legislature to do something about the harm that’s been caused.’",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>“This is a book of truth that frames the contributions that African Americans have provided to this country, and also is honest and truthful about the incredibly vast experience of discrimination and racial terror,” Lisa Holder, a task force member, told my colleague for an interview that will air during KQED’s Juneteenth reparations radio special on Saturday. “Until people can understand the origin and the depths of anti-Blackness in this country and the narrative around anti-Blackness that has been a dominant narrative for hundreds of years, they cannot understand the purpose of reparations.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>For more than four decades, beginning in the 1920s and 1930s, redlining made it legal to deny affordable mortgages in Black neighborhoods. Decades later, those same neighborhoods were targeted by subprime lenders. The day before Gov. Gavin Newsom signed the bill that established the task force, he signed a bill that requires counties to identify and purge unlawfully restrictive covenants from property records. The covenants prohibited people of non-white racial and ethnic backgrounds from owning homes in white areas, ensuring racial segregation.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11952987\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 800px\">\u003ca href=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2023/06/RS61985_026_KQED_FayeCrosleyRichmondEviction_01112023-KQED.jpg\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"wp-image-11952987 size-medium\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2023/06/RS61985_026_KQED_FayeCrosleyRichmondEviction_01112023-KQED-800x533.jpg\" alt=\"An older Black woman wearing a leopard print shirt goes through papers alongside a man doing the same. Behind the woman dishes are displayed on shelves and next to a nutcracker and other Christmas decorations.\" width=\"800\" height=\"533\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2023/06/RS61985_026_KQED_FayeCrosleyRichmondEviction_01112023-KQED-800x533.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2023/06/RS61985_026_KQED_FayeCrosleyRichmondEviction_01112023-KQED-1020x680.jpg 1020w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2023/06/RS61985_026_KQED_FayeCrosleyRichmondEviction_01112023-KQED-160x107.jpg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2023/06/RS61985_026_KQED_FayeCrosleyRichmondEviction_01112023-KQED-1536x1024.jpg 1536w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2023/06/RS61985_026_KQED_FayeCrosleyRichmondEviction_01112023-KQED-1920x1280.jpg 1920w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2023/06/RS61985_026_KQED_FayeCrosleyRichmondEviction_01112023-KQED.jpg 2000w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Faye Crosley, 80, and her grandson Kevin Hayes go through legal paperwork at their Richmond home on Jan. 11, 2023, the day of their scheduled eviction. \u003ccite>(Beth LaBerge/KQED)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>In 2004, the Black homeownership rate in California peaked at 51%. If you are moderately familiar with American history, unlike the front-runners for the Republican presidential nomination, you know that Black prosperity in America has always been hijacked.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>In the interest of time, we’ll skip over the generational wealth that was created from the unpaid labor of enslaved people and the racial terror their ancestors endured after the federal government abandoned Reconstruction-era policies, and jump to the Black Wall Street massacre in 1921. Three decades later, the targeted destruction of Black communities was deployed to create paths from the suburbs to city centers for white commuters.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>As the country marched toward abolishing racial segregation, the Federal-Aid Highway Act of 1956 paved the way for \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/news/11943263/americas-highway-system-is-a-monument-to-environmental-racism-and-a-history-of-inequity\">transportation projects to plow through areas where Black people flourished\u003c/a>. Private property was seized. Homes and businesses in hundreds of neighborhoods across the country were demolished. More than 1 million people were displaced, according to U.S. Department of Transportation estimates.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>A half-century after the infrastructure project began, a cyclonic financial crisis engulfed the nation. Guess who paid the price? Crosley was like many Black homeowners in the early 2000s who were targeted with subprime loans and adjustable-rate mortgages. People who refinance their homes with loans that include rising rates and payments are more likely to enter foreclosure. Lured by the initially low interest rates, buyers were unable to keep up payments when the rates escalated.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>A 2014 report by the Pew Research Center found that the \u003ca href=\"https://www.pewresearch.org/fact-tank/2014/12/12/racial-wealth-gaps-great-recession/\">median net worth of Black households dropped 43% during the recession\u003c/a> that followed the 2008 financial crisis. It is estimated that 240,000 Black people lost the homes they owned.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11952790\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 800px\">\u003ca href=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2023/06/RS62083_026_KQED_RichmondEviction_01142023-KQED.jpg\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-medium wp-image-11952790\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2023/06/RS62083_026_KQED_RichmondEviction_01142023-KQED-800x533.jpg\" alt='Three papers are taped to a white front door to a home. One reads \"No Trespassing\" in bold. hanging from the door is an ornament of a green frog and a \"Welcome\" sign.' width=\"800\" height=\"533\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2023/06/RS62083_026_KQED_RichmondEviction_01142023-KQED-800x533.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2023/06/RS62083_026_KQED_RichmondEviction_01142023-KQED-1020x680.jpg 1020w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2023/06/RS62083_026_KQED_RichmondEviction_01142023-KQED-160x107.jpg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2023/06/RS62083_026_KQED_RichmondEviction_01142023-KQED-1536x1024.jpg 1536w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2023/06/RS62083_026_KQED_RichmondEviction_01142023-KQED.jpg 1920w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">A ‘No Trespassing’ sign hangs on Faye Crosley’s door in Richmond on Jan. 14, 2023. \u003ccite>(Beth LaBerge/KQED)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>The struggle to save Crosley’s home began in January 2009 when she defaulted on her loan for the first time, according to public records. In an effort to stay afloat, public records show she refinanced five times through four different lenders from 2001 to 2007. Her loan amount ballooned to double the home’s value. She was underwater.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“This is really when the mortgage crisis really started to get attention, and it started to heat up, and consumers were unable to make their mortgage payments likely because there was an adjustable rate mortgage on the property,” said Verleana Green, an attorney with a specialty in elder law and estate planning.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Green reviewed public records obtained by KQED that show there were 30 deed transfers on Crosley’s home in three decades. Green told us she’d never seen a situation where a loan had been reassigned so many times. She said that when banks assign loans to other banks, it grows into a web of confusion for consumers.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“So by the time this person says, ‘Hey, listen, I want to refinance, I need a loan modification because I can’t make payments,’ she probably didn’t know who to make payments to,” Green said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In the fall of 2012, long after big banks were bailed out, the lender stopped cashing Crosley’s checks.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“My daughter, she knows all about the computers and stuff, so she knew how to send that money into the computer,” Crosley said. “We could send it to the post office. We’d send it in different ways and they blocked it. They wouldn’t accept no payment.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Crosley told KQED that the lender offered her a deal — increasing the mortgage from $1,715 to $3,900 — that the retired real estate agent couldn’t afford on the $2,900 per month she receives from the government to take care of her daughter and alimony.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>According to U.S. Census Bureau data, Black homeownership has declined 15% in the state since 2004. In 2021, \u003ca href=\"https://www.calhfa.ca.gov/community/index.htm\">California’s Black homeownership rate was 36%\u003c/a>, almost 30 points lower than white residents. To put the gulf into perspective, the \u003ca href=\"https://www.calhfa.ca.gov/community/buildingblackwealth.htm\">Black homeownership rate was 42% in the 1960s\u003c/a> when it was legal to discriminate against Black homebuyers. The Fair Housing Act of 1968 outlawed redlining, but the effects of the discriminatory practice still reverberate.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Everybody else has been able to sort of move up the ladder, but Black people have not been,” Donald K. Tamaki, a task force member, told my colleague Maria Fernanda Bernal. “They did gain ground in the 2000s. They lost it during the mortgage crisis.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>So will the task force’s proposals keep Black homeowners like Crosley in their homes?\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>No.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“It does cover things like making loans available, providing more affordable housing,” Tamaki told Bernal. “Dealing with the aftermath of racial zoning and redlining, these proposals that are being submitted [are] simply the beginning of asking the Legislature to do something about the harm that’s been caused.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The task force is recommending direct financial assistance to increase Black homeownership in the state. In a draft of the final report, the members also recommend collecting data on housing discrimination, providing anti-racism training to workers in the housing field and providing restitution for homes confiscated by eminent domain, among other proposals.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11952789\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 800px\">\u003ca href=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2023/06/RS62066_011_KQED_RichmondEviction_01142023-KQED.jpg\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-medium wp-image-11952789\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2023/06/RS62066_011_KQED_RichmondEviction_01142023-KQED-800x533.jpg\" alt=\"An array of family photos in a picture frame show children wearing halloween costumes, brushing their teeth, dressed in cap and gown and many more -- 14 photos in all.\" width=\"800\" height=\"533\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2023/06/RS62066_011_KQED_RichmondEviction_01142023-KQED-800x533.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2023/06/RS62066_011_KQED_RichmondEviction_01142023-KQED-1020x680.jpg 1020w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2023/06/RS62066_011_KQED_RichmondEviction_01142023-KQED-160x107.jpg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2023/06/RS62066_011_KQED_RichmondEviction_01142023-KQED-1536x1024.jpg 1536w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2023/06/RS62066_011_KQED_RichmondEviction_01142023-KQED.jpg 1920w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Photos show several generations of Faye Crosley’s family, at their home in Richmond on Jan. 14, 2023. \u003ccite>(Beth LaBerge/KQED)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>The Golden Gate Bridge and the Bay Bridge were visible from the picture windows in Crosley’s living room. Decades of family photos were the first things I noticed after walking through the front door in January.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The polka-dot dress Crosley wore was baggy on her slight frame. She told me that a third of her stomach had been removed when she had stomach cancer. In May 2021, she said, she broke four ribs and punctured a lung in a fall that landed her in the hospital for almost two weeks.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Documents were strewn on a table. Former neighbors, lawyers and paralegals, including one who is known as Tiger Bob, have provided legal advice to Crosley, but all of her attempts to keep the home have repeatedly been dismissed by judges.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11952792\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 800px\">\u003ca href=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2023/06/RS62975_02122023_fayecrosleyeviction-516-KQED.jpg\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-medium wp-image-11952792\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2023/06/RS62975_02122023_fayecrosleyeviction-516-KQED-800x532.jpg\" alt='A group of people march down a street holding signs and chanting. A visible sign reads \"Housing is a human right.\"' width=\"800\" height=\"532\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2023/06/RS62975_02122023_fayecrosleyeviction-516-KQED-800x532.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2023/06/RS62975_02122023_fayecrosleyeviction-516-KQED-1020x678.jpg 1020w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2023/06/RS62975_02122023_fayecrosleyeviction-516-KQED-160x106.jpg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2023/06/RS62975_02122023_fayecrosleyeviction-516-KQED-1536x1022.jpg 1536w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2023/06/RS62975_02122023_fayecrosleyeviction-516-KQED.jpg 1920w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Faye Crosley (center left, in leopard print) walks down Highland Ave. in Richmond with a group of friends, neighbors and family members, including grandson Kevin Hayes (right foreground), to protest her recent eviction from her home of several decades just down the street, on Feb. 12, 2023. \u003ccite>(Kori Suzuki/KQED)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Hayes, who posted Crosley’s story on Instagram, raised more than $23,000 on GoFundMe. The money was used to pay for legal fees and a storage space and to rent a two-bedroom apartment near the Richmond marina with her daughter. The rent is $2,500 and storage $600.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>When Bernal and I visited Crosley in April, she offered us cookies and juice. We noticed that there was space for only a fraction of the pictures and knickknacks that once decorated her home. Her dog is living with Hayes’ sister.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“I didn’t believe that they were going to put me out,” Crosley said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Hayes said Crosley’s health has declined since being evicted. The home that Crosley purchased for $235,000 in 1992 is now for sale for almost $1 million. Decades of memories are gone, and the equity that could have been passed to her heirs has been erased.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>After months of housing instability, Hayes, 31, now lives in a communal space in Oakland.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“I just want her to be happy and I think that the only way that would happen is if she just gets to be back in her house,” he told Bernal. “I think that’s what, like, really breaks me, too. It just hurts so much to know that that pain is there, and that’s what the last section of her life was like.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>KQED’s Maria Fernanda Bernal contributed reporting.\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>",
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"content": "\u003cp>\u003cstrong>\u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/reparations\">\u003ci>[Reparations in California\u003c/i>\u003c/a>\u003ci> is a series of KQED stories and videos exploring the road to racial equity in the state.]\u003c/i>\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The California Reparations Task Force will present its recommendations to the Legislature next month, the culmination of two years of examining the historic harms of slavery and anti-Black racism in the state.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>At KQED, we feel this is an appropriate time to look back at the push for redress by the last racial group to receive reparations for discrimination: Japanese Americans. For the third episode of our reparations video \u003ca href=\"https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=vnwBMVDCx_M\">series\u003c/a>, my colleague Manjula Varghese produced a video that recounts how the civil rights movement inspired tens of thousands of Japanese Americans to demand remuneration for four years of imprisonment during World War II.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=-0YLFtziiPk\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The video also indirectly illuminates why the reparations effort for Black people has consistently faltered: There is a lack of unified and coordinated support, something that was evident in the lobbying of the federal government by Japanese Americans.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“The civil rights movement led by Black leaders woke us up,” Donald K. Tamaki, one of nine members of the California Reparations Task Force, says in the video. “This had an impact on the country, but it certainly had an impact on Japanese Americans. By 1970, the next generation, the third generation of Japanese Americans, began to ask questions and demand an accounting of what happened.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Tamaki’s parents were among the estimated 82,000 Japanese Americans who received reparations more than three decades ago for the mass incarceration of people of Japanese ancestry, many of whom were Americans, during World War II. About 120,000 people who had their constitutional rights revoked during the war were imprisoned at 10 sites, including two in California.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Beginning in 1942, Japanese people living on the West Coast were ordered to abandon their homes, businesses and jobs. The U.S. government claimed that the wartime incarceration was necessary to prevent sabotage and spying following the bombing of Pearl Harbor on Dec. 7, 1941, by the Imperial Japanese Navy Air Service. Two months later, President Franklin D. Roosevelt issued Executive Order 9066, which authorized the displacement of people of Japanese ancestry.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>For decades, traumatized Japanese Americans didn’t speak of what they had endured. But by observing Black Americans organize against social injustices during the civil rights movement of the 1950s and 1960s, Japanese Americans were galvanized to open up, according to Tamaki.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[aside label=\"Reparations in California\" link1=\"https://www.kqed.org/reparations,Explore why California launched the first-in-the-nation task force to study reparations for Black people\" hero=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/2022/02/RiCLandingPageGraphic-1020x574.png\"]“We saw ourselves as second-class citizens,” Tamaki, who was raised in Oakland, told KQED’s Annelise Finney for a \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/news/11906015/how-japanese-americans-in-the-bay-area-are-carrying-forward-the-legacy-of-reparations\">story\u003c/a> last year that marked 80 years since Japanese people were forced from their homes and imprisoned. “It wasn’t until the Black civil rights movement that our community, my father included, and others began to realize that this is not normal. This is not the way it should be. And I think that motivated him to testify.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Tamaki’s father testified in front of a commission established to explore reparations during hearings at Golden Gate University in San Francisco in 1981. In 1988, after a two-decade drive, the Civil Liberties Act of 1988 offered an official apology and a payment of $20,000 to former detainees who were still alive.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>California could pave the road for a national reparations plan for Black people — on July 1, the task force will present its recommendations to the Legislature. Last month, the group \u003ca href=\"https://oag.ca.gov/system/files/media/ab3121-agenda10-ch17-draft-05062023.pdf\">released formulas and calculations for remuneration\u003c/a>, including up to $115,260 — or $2,352 for each year of residency between 1971 and 2020 — as compensation for mass incarceration and discriminatory policing and sentencing.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>To remedy health disparities, economists working with the task force suggest $966,921 per Black Californian for “total loss in value of life due to racial discrimination.” The calculation is based on the average life expectancy for Black Californians — 71 years — multiplied by $13,619 for each year lived in the state. Based on calculations by the economists, a Black resident could receive up to $1.2 million in compensation.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>John Tateishi, former executive director of the Japanese American Citizens League, the nation’s oldest and largest Asian American civil rights organization, played an influential role in the Japanese redress campaign. His family was forced from their home in Los Angeles and imprisoned at the Manzanar War Relocation Center in Southern California.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In our video, Tateishi shares why he believes reparations for Black people are important.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“When you talk about Black reparations, it’s so much more complex — the degree of damage and the harm and the legacy,” he said. “And people will say, ‘But we can’t afford it.’ And my response to that is, ‘Can we afford not to do that?’\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“If you don’t correct this injustice, correct this wrong, what does that mean about us as a society and a nation and a democracy?”\u003c/p>\n\n",
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"excerpt": "In the third installment of KQED's reparations video series, we take a look back at the push for redress by the last racial group to receive reparations for discrimination: Japanese Americans.",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>\u003cstrong>\u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/reparations\">\u003ci>[Reparations in California\u003c/i>\u003c/a>\u003ci> is a series of KQED stories and videos exploring the road to racial equity in the state.]\u003c/i>\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The California Reparations Task Force will present its recommendations to the Legislature next month, the culmination of two years of examining the historic harms of slavery and anti-Black racism in the state.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>At KQED, we feel this is an appropriate time to look back at the push for redress by the last racial group to receive reparations for discrimination: Japanese Americans. For the third episode of our reparations video \u003ca href=\"https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=vnwBMVDCx_M\">series\u003c/a>, my colleague Manjula Varghese produced a video that recounts how the civil rights movement inspired tens of thousands of Japanese Americans to demand remuneration for four years of imprisonment during World War II.\u003c/p>\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003cspan class='utils-parseShortcode-shortcodes-__youtubeShortcode__embedYoutube'>\n \u003cspan class='utils-parseShortcode-shortcodes-__youtubeShortcode__embedYoutubeInside'>\n \u003ciframe\n loading='lazy'\n class='utils-parseShortcode-shortcodes-__youtubeShortcode__youtubePlayer'\n type='text/html'\n src='//www.youtube.com/embed/-0YLFtziiPk'\n title='//www.youtube.com/embed/-0YLFtziiPk'\n allowfullscreen='true'\n style='border:0;'>\u003c/iframe>\n \u003c/span>\n \u003c/span>\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003cp>The video also indirectly illuminates why the reparations effort for Black people has consistently faltered: There is a lack of unified and coordinated support, something that was evident in the lobbying of the federal government by Japanese Americans.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“The civil rights movement led by Black leaders woke us up,” Donald K. Tamaki, one of nine members of the California Reparations Task Force, says in the video. “This had an impact on the country, but it certainly had an impact on Japanese Americans. By 1970, the next generation, the third generation of Japanese Americans, began to ask questions and demand an accounting of what happened.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Tamaki’s parents were among the estimated 82,000 Japanese Americans who received reparations more than three decades ago for the mass incarceration of people of Japanese ancestry, many of whom were Americans, during World War II. About 120,000 people who had their constitutional rights revoked during the war were imprisoned at 10 sites, including two in California.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Beginning in 1942, Japanese people living on the West Coast were ordered to abandon their homes, businesses and jobs. The U.S. government claimed that the wartime incarceration was necessary to prevent sabotage and spying following the bombing of Pearl Harbor on Dec. 7, 1941, by the Imperial Japanese Navy Air Service. Two months later, President Franklin D. Roosevelt issued Executive Order 9066, which authorized the displacement of people of Japanese ancestry.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>For decades, traumatized Japanese Americans didn’t speak of what they had endured. But by observing Black Americans organize against social injustices during the civil rights movement of the 1950s and 1960s, Japanese Americans were galvanized to open up, according to Tamaki.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>“We saw ourselves as second-class citizens,” Tamaki, who was raised in Oakland, told KQED’s Annelise Finney for a \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/news/11906015/how-japanese-americans-in-the-bay-area-are-carrying-forward-the-legacy-of-reparations\">story\u003c/a> last year that marked 80 years since Japanese people were forced from their homes and imprisoned. “It wasn’t until the Black civil rights movement that our community, my father included, and others began to realize that this is not normal. This is not the way it should be. And I think that motivated him to testify.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Tamaki’s father testified in front of a commission established to explore reparations during hearings at Golden Gate University in San Francisco in 1981. In 1988, after a two-decade drive, the Civil Liberties Act of 1988 offered an official apology and a payment of $20,000 to former detainees who were still alive.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>California could pave the road for a national reparations plan for Black people — on July 1, the task force will present its recommendations to the Legislature. Last month, the group \u003ca href=\"https://oag.ca.gov/system/files/media/ab3121-agenda10-ch17-draft-05062023.pdf\">released formulas and calculations for remuneration\u003c/a>, including up to $115,260 — or $2,352 for each year of residency between 1971 and 2020 — as compensation for mass incarceration and discriminatory policing and sentencing.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>To remedy health disparities, economists working with the task force suggest $966,921 per Black Californian for “total loss in value of life due to racial discrimination.” The calculation is based on the average life expectancy for Black Californians — 71 years — multiplied by $13,619 for each year lived in the state. Based on calculations by the economists, a Black resident could receive up to $1.2 million in compensation.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>John Tateishi, former executive director of the Japanese American Citizens League, the nation’s oldest and largest Asian American civil rights organization, played an influential role in the Japanese redress campaign. His family was forced from their home in Los Angeles and imprisoned at the Manzanar War Relocation Center in Southern California.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In our video, Tateishi shares why he believes reparations for Black people are important.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“When you talk about Black reparations, it’s so much more complex — the degree of damage and the harm and the legacy,” he said. “And people will say, ‘But we can’t afford it.’ And my response to that is, ‘Can we afford not to do that?’\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“If you don’t correct this injustice, correct this wrong, what does that mean about us as a society and a nation and a democracy?”\u003c/p>\n\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>",
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"content": "\u003cp>\u003ci>\u003ca href=\"https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=TT_KXUR-zls\">Watch KQED’s short film\u003c/a> about what led the nine members of California’s Reparations Task Force to examine the historic harms of slavery and anti-Black racism in California.\u003c/i>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>California lawmakers are set to vote on key proposals that reflect ideas supported by the state’s \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/reparations\">Reparations Task Force\u003c/a>, the historic panel that will soon present the Legislature with recommendations on how to address the effects of slavery and years of racist policies in the state.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>On their own, the bills offer potentially transformative changes, particularly for the state’s criminal legal system. The legislation will provide an early test of lawmakers’ appetites for supporting specific policies identified by the panel as redress for harms endured by Black Californians.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Much of the debate about the task force’s work has centered on the idea of providing \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/news/11948784/reparations-task-force-recommends-potential-millions-for-eligible-black-californians\">Black residents direct financial compensation\u003c/a>. But supporters of the pending legislation say the proposals open the door to a debate about reparations that goes beyond cash payments to descendants of enslaved people.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“I think [the bills] show that reparations is not just about slavery,” said James Woodson, executive director of the California Black Power Network, a coalition of grassroots organizations advocating for policies to improve the living conditions of Black Californians. “These measures show that the harms are continuing today.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The reparations committee was created through a bipartisan vote of the Legislature in 2020, a move celebrated at the time as a historic step toward racial justice in the state. After almost two years of research and public hearings, the task force approved recommendations earlier this month in Oakland.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The nine-member panel voted to endorse a litany of policy ideas to benefit the descendants of those held in chattel slavery, along with estimates of financial damages to Black Californians due to health disparities, housing discrimination and unjust policing and sentencing.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[aside label=\"Reparations in California\" link1=\"https://www.kqed.org/reparations,Explore why California launched the first-in-the-nation task force to study reparations for Black people\" hero=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/2022/02/RiCLandingPageGraphic-1020x574.png\"]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Included in the calculation of harms: $2,352 for each year of residency between 1971 and 2020 to compensate for the effects of over-policing and mass incarceration, and $13,619 for each year lived in the state as recompense for health differences between Black and white Californians.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The state bills that correspond with task force ideas don’t come with such neat price tags. Instead, Woodson said, the proposals reflect long-standing priorities for Black residents that predate the current discussion about remuneration. Two constitutional amendments that could go before voters in a future election focus on the rights of incarcerated people. According to research by the Public Policy Institute of California, \u003ca href=\"https://www.ppic.org/publication/californias-prison-population/\">Black Californians are overrepresented in the state’s prisons and have the highest incarceration rate of any racial group\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>One amendment would restore voting rights to Californians serving felony sentences, while the other would remove involuntary servitude from the state constitution. Starting this week, those two bills will be eligible for a vote by the full state Assembly. The legislation needs to pass with the support of a two-thirds supermajority to advance to the Senate.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11950331\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 1920px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-full wp-image-11950331\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2023/05/RS63313_005_KQED_CAReparationsTaskForceSac_03032023-qut.jpg\" alt=\"Rows of people sit listening to someone speak. Their attention is toward the front. A row of cameras are on tripods behind them along the back wall.\" width=\"1920\" height=\"1280\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2023/05/RS63313_005_KQED_CAReparationsTaskForceSac_03032023-qut.jpg 1920w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2023/05/RS63313_005_KQED_CAReparationsTaskForceSac_03032023-qut-800x533.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2023/05/RS63313_005_KQED_CAReparationsTaskForceSac_03032023-qut-1020x680.jpg 1020w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2023/05/RS63313_005_KQED_CAReparationsTaskForceSac_03032023-qut-160x107.jpg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2023/05/RS63313_005_KQED_CAReparationsTaskForceSac_03032023-qut-1536x1024.jpg 1536w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 1920px) 100vw, 1920px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">A crowd listens during opening remarks at a California Reparations Task Force meeting in Sacramento on March 3, 2023. \u003ccite>(Beth LaBerge/KQED)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>“I think there’s a lot of attention that comes around dollar amounts when we’re talking about reparations, but I think these two pieces of legislation show the repair of harm and restoration of rights really have nothing to do with giving people a check,” Woodson said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Assembly Constitutional Amendment 4 would place a measure on the 2024 ballot to extend voting rights to Californians serving felony sentences in state prison or county jail. Currently, only Maine and Vermont allow voting in prison.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Voting is good for feeling connected to the community,” said Assemblymember Isaac Bryan (D-Los Angeles), the bill’s author. “So being able to participate in democracy while incarcerated helps with that transition that’s needed for successful reentry and reintegration.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/news/11845049/proposition-17-passes-restoring-voting-rights-to-parolees-in-california\">Voters approved Proposition 17\u003c/a>, which \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/news/11841345/proposition-17-and-the-history-of-voting-rights-for-formerly-incarcerated-californians\">restored the right to vote for Californians on parole\u003c/a>, in 2020.[pullquote size=\"medium\" align=\"right\" citation=\"James Woodson, executive director, California Black Power Network\"]‘I think there’s a lot of attention that comes around dollar amounts when we’re talking about reparations, but I think these two pieces of legislation show the repair of harm and restoration of rights really have nothing to do with giving people a check.’[/pullquote]“The Task Force calls on the Legislature to take the re-enfranchisement movement further, and restore voting rights to all incarcerated persons, including those serving state or federal prison terms,” the task force report reads.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>ACA 4 is likely to face opposition from lawmakers who argue that Californians in prison should first complete their sentences to demonstrate a commitment to society.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“If you are still in debt to society and you’re not yet reformed, why should you have your ability to vote given back to you?” said Assemblymember Bill Essayli (R-Riverside), during a hearing on the bill last month in the Assembly Elections Committee. “I’m just worried that we’re going down this path of taking consequences away for committing crimes.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Two South Bay Democrats on the committee, Evan Low and Gail Pellerin, said they shared concerns about the idea, but ultimately voted to advance the bill. Bryan said that the measure’s benefits should ensure a large, multiracial coalition of supporters.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Reparations, pro-democracy, pro-public safety, pro-justice — those are all frames that belong in this conversation,” Bryan told KQED. “While it will enfranchise, disproportionately, a large number of Black folks, it will also re-enfranchise at least 7,000 veterans. It’ll re-enfranchise the parents of over 200,000 children in this state. It’ll re-enfranchise more Latinos than anybody else in terms of total number of people who are incarcerated.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11950326\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 1920px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"wp-image-11950326 size-full\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2023/05/RS58685_DSC01673-qut.jpg\" alt=\"A close-up shot of a man's dark brown hands gently clasped as he sits.\" width=\"1920\" height=\"1280\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2023/05/RS58685_DSC01673-qut.jpg 1920w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2023/05/RS58685_DSC01673-qut-800x533.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2023/05/RS58685_DSC01673-qut-1020x680.jpg 1020w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2023/05/RS58685_DSC01673-qut-160x107.jpg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2023/05/RS58685_DSC01673-qut-1536x1024.jpg 1536w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 1920px) 100vw, 1920px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">A crowd member’s hands gently clasp during an emotional speech at the reparations teach-in at Congregation Sherith Israel in San Francisco on Sept. 18, 2022. \u003ccite>(Aryk Copley/KQED)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>While Black residents make up 5% of California’s population, \u003ca href=\"https://www.ppic.org/publication/californias-prison-population/#:~:text=African%20Americans%20remain%20overrepresented%20in,the%20state's%20adult%20male%20residents.\">28% of the state’s prison population is Black\u003c/a>, according to the Public Policy Institute of California. Assembly Constitutional Amendment 8 would remove an exception to involuntary servitude that has lingered in the state constitution, allowing such forced labor “as punishment to a crime.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Assemblymember Lori Wilson (D-Suisun City) said the effects of the law are felt most acutely by people who can be assigned to work without choice in the type of job or the schedule. Incarcerated people can face punishment for not completing work.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The task force report admonished the state for continuing “to sanction, impose, and profit from involuntary servitude.” Currently, people incarcerated in state prisons can be paid as little as $0.08 an hour for their work, according to analysis of a proposal that failed last year.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“That is where you see it currently, with people being forced to work no matter what and to work without any sense of compensation,” Wilson said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11950330\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 1920px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"wp-image-11950330 size-full\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2023/05/RS55315_025_KQED_CAReparationsTaskForce_04142022-qut.jpg\" alt=\"An older Black bald man is leaning over a podium as he is speaking to a younger black woman with long braids. They both wear business attire and have a projection screen behind them.\" width=\"1920\" height=\"1280\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2023/05/RS55315_025_KQED_CAReparationsTaskForce_04142022-qut.jpg 1920w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2023/05/RS55315_025_KQED_CAReparationsTaskForce_04142022-qut-800x533.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2023/05/RS55315_025_KQED_CAReparationsTaskForce_04142022-qut-1020x680.jpg 1020w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2023/05/RS55315_025_KQED_CAReparationsTaskForce_04142022-qut-160x107.jpg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2023/05/RS55315_025_KQED_CAReparationsTaskForce_04142022-qut-1536x1024.jpg 1536w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 1920px) 100vw, 1920px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Sen. Steven Bradford and task force member Lisa Holder speak during the second day of an in-person meeting of the California Reparations Task Force at Third Baptist Church in San Francisco on April 14, 2022. \u003ccite>(Beth LaBerge/KQED)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>By asking voters to amend the state constitution, California would join a handful of states that stripped “involuntary servitude” language from their constitutions last year.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Wilson said her proposal will have to overcome two lines of opposition: first, concerns that the change will lead to higher wages for prison labor — a point of objection raised by the Newsom administration in opposition to a \u003ca href=\"https://apnews.com/article/prisons-california-gavin-newsom-minimum-wage-slavery-a0aed840fc6dc54c7eb0da98d0f6bb05\">similar bill that was voted down in the state Senate\u003c/a> last year. Other lawmakers expressed worry that the removal of the involuntary servitude clause could open the door for people in state prisons to refuse shared duties such as cleaning up common areas.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Additional bills in the Legislature reflect ideas identified by the task force as ways to reduce the over-policing of Black Californians. Senate Bill 50 would ban traffic stops for low-level infractions. It was written by Sen. Steven Bradford (D-Gardena), who serves on the task force. Assembly Bill 93, also from Bryan, would prohibit law enforcement officers from asking for consent to search a person or their car without a warrant.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11950342\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 1920px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"wp-image-11950342 size-full\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2023/05/GettyImages-1229455625.jpg\" alt='A Black man with gray hair and glasses and a gray suit speaks from behind a lectern that reads, \"Los Angeles County Democratic Party.\"' width=\"1920\" height=\"1237\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2023/05/GettyImages-1229455625.jpg 1920w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2023/05/GettyImages-1229455625-800x515.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2023/05/GettyImages-1229455625-1020x657.jpg 1020w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2023/05/GettyImages-1229455625-160x103.jpg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2023/05/GettyImages-1229455625-1536x990.jpg 1536w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 1920px) 100vw, 1920px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Assemblymember Reggie Jones-Sawyer of California’s 59th Assembly District on Nov. 3, 2020. \u003ccite>(Myung J. Chun/Los Angeles Times via Getty Images)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Assemblymember Reggie Jones-Sawyer (D-Los Angeles), who also serves on the task force, said a larger push to pass reparations proposals will take place next year. He hopes to pursue something akin to a reparations omnibus bill, a single piece of legislation that would include many of the panel’s recommendations.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Hopefully, we’re able to explain to people who have just concentrated on the financial aspect to know that the other recommendations are just as important,” Jones-Sawyer said. “In their totality, they’re more important when you add them all together.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad floatright]\u003c/p>\n",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>\u003ci>\u003ca href=\"https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=TT_KXUR-zls\">Watch KQED’s short film\u003c/a> about what led the nine members of California’s Reparations Task Force to examine the historic harms of slavery and anti-Black racism in California.\u003c/i>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>California lawmakers are set to vote on key proposals that reflect ideas supported by the state’s \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/reparations\">Reparations Task Force\u003c/a>, the historic panel that will soon present the Legislature with recommendations on how to address the effects of slavery and years of racist policies in the state.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>On their own, the bills offer potentially transformative changes, particularly for the state’s criminal legal system. The legislation will provide an early test of lawmakers’ appetites for supporting specific policies identified by the panel as redress for harms endured by Black Californians.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Much of the debate about the task force’s work has centered on the idea of providing \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/news/11948784/reparations-task-force-recommends-potential-millions-for-eligible-black-californians\">Black residents direct financial compensation\u003c/a>. But supporters of the pending legislation say the proposals open the door to a debate about reparations that goes beyond cash payments to descendants of enslaved people.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“I think [the bills] show that reparations is not just about slavery,” said James Woodson, executive director of the California Black Power Network, a coalition of grassroots organizations advocating for policies to improve the living conditions of Black Californians. “These measures show that the harms are continuing today.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The reparations committee was created through a bipartisan vote of the Legislature in 2020, a move celebrated at the time as a historic step toward racial justice in the state. After almost two years of research and public hearings, the task force approved recommendations earlier this month in Oakland.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The nine-member panel voted to endorse a litany of policy ideas to benefit the descendants of those held in chattel slavery, along with estimates of financial damages to Black Californians due to health disparities, housing discrimination and unjust policing and sentencing.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Included in the calculation of harms: $2,352 for each year of residency between 1971 and 2020 to compensate for the effects of over-policing and mass incarceration, and $13,619 for each year lived in the state as recompense for health differences between Black and white Californians.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The state bills that correspond with task force ideas don’t come with such neat price tags. Instead, Woodson said, the proposals reflect long-standing priorities for Black residents that predate the current discussion about remuneration. Two constitutional amendments that could go before voters in a future election focus on the rights of incarcerated people. According to research by the Public Policy Institute of California, \u003ca href=\"https://www.ppic.org/publication/californias-prison-population/\">Black Californians are overrepresented in the state’s prisons and have the highest incarceration rate of any racial group\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>One amendment would restore voting rights to Californians serving felony sentences, while the other would remove involuntary servitude from the state constitution. Starting this week, those two bills will be eligible for a vote by the full state Assembly. The legislation needs to pass with the support of a two-thirds supermajority to advance to the Senate.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11950331\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 1920px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-full wp-image-11950331\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2023/05/RS63313_005_KQED_CAReparationsTaskForceSac_03032023-qut.jpg\" alt=\"Rows of people sit listening to someone speak. Their attention is toward the front. A row of cameras are on tripods behind them along the back wall.\" width=\"1920\" height=\"1280\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2023/05/RS63313_005_KQED_CAReparationsTaskForceSac_03032023-qut.jpg 1920w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2023/05/RS63313_005_KQED_CAReparationsTaskForceSac_03032023-qut-800x533.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2023/05/RS63313_005_KQED_CAReparationsTaskForceSac_03032023-qut-1020x680.jpg 1020w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2023/05/RS63313_005_KQED_CAReparationsTaskForceSac_03032023-qut-160x107.jpg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2023/05/RS63313_005_KQED_CAReparationsTaskForceSac_03032023-qut-1536x1024.jpg 1536w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 1920px) 100vw, 1920px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">A crowd listens during opening remarks at a California Reparations Task Force meeting in Sacramento on March 3, 2023. \u003ccite>(Beth LaBerge/KQED)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>“I think there’s a lot of attention that comes around dollar amounts when we’re talking about reparations, but I think these two pieces of legislation show the repair of harm and restoration of rights really have nothing to do with giving people a check,” Woodson said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Assembly Constitutional Amendment 4 would place a measure on the 2024 ballot to extend voting rights to Californians serving felony sentences in state prison or county jail. Currently, only Maine and Vermont allow voting in prison.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Voting is good for feeling connected to the community,” said Assemblymember Isaac Bryan (D-Los Angeles), the bill’s author. “So being able to participate in democracy while incarcerated helps with that transition that’s needed for successful reentry and reintegration.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/news/11845049/proposition-17-passes-restoring-voting-rights-to-parolees-in-california\">Voters approved Proposition 17\u003c/a>, which \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/news/11841345/proposition-17-and-the-history-of-voting-rights-for-formerly-incarcerated-californians\">restored the right to vote for Californians on parole\u003c/a>, in 2020.\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "‘I think there’s a lot of attention that comes around dollar amounts when we’re talking about reparations, but I think these two pieces of legislation show the repair of harm and restoration of rights really have nothing to do with giving people a check.’",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>“The Task Force calls on the Legislature to take the re-enfranchisement movement further, and restore voting rights to all incarcerated persons, including those serving state or federal prison terms,” the task force report reads.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>ACA 4 is likely to face opposition from lawmakers who argue that Californians in prison should first complete their sentences to demonstrate a commitment to society.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“If you are still in debt to society and you’re not yet reformed, why should you have your ability to vote given back to you?” said Assemblymember Bill Essayli (R-Riverside), during a hearing on the bill last month in the Assembly Elections Committee. “I’m just worried that we’re going down this path of taking consequences away for committing crimes.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Two South Bay Democrats on the committee, Evan Low and Gail Pellerin, said they shared concerns about the idea, but ultimately voted to advance the bill. Bryan said that the measure’s benefits should ensure a large, multiracial coalition of supporters.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Reparations, pro-democracy, pro-public safety, pro-justice — those are all frames that belong in this conversation,” Bryan told KQED. “While it will enfranchise, disproportionately, a large number of Black folks, it will also re-enfranchise at least 7,000 veterans. It’ll re-enfranchise the parents of over 200,000 children in this state. It’ll re-enfranchise more Latinos than anybody else in terms of total number of people who are incarcerated.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11950326\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 1920px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"wp-image-11950326 size-full\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2023/05/RS58685_DSC01673-qut.jpg\" alt=\"A close-up shot of a man's dark brown hands gently clasped as he sits.\" width=\"1920\" height=\"1280\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2023/05/RS58685_DSC01673-qut.jpg 1920w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2023/05/RS58685_DSC01673-qut-800x533.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2023/05/RS58685_DSC01673-qut-1020x680.jpg 1020w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2023/05/RS58685_DSC01673-qut-160x107.jpg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2023/05/RS58685_DSC01673-qut-1536x1024.jpg 1536w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 1920px) 100vw, 1920px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">A crowd member’s hands gently clasp during an emotional speech at the reparations teach-in at Congregation Sherith Israel in San Francisco on Sept. 18, 2022. \u003ccite>(Aryk Copley/KQED)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>While Black residents make up 5% of California’s population, \u003ca href=\"https://www.ppic.org/publication/californias-prison-population/#:~:text=African%20Americans%20remain%20overrepresented%20in,the%20state's%20adult%20male%20residents.\">28% of the state’s prison population is Black\u003c/a>, according to the Public Policy Institute of California. Assembly Constitutional Amendment 8 would remove an exception to involuntary servitude that has lingered in the state constitution, allowing such forced labor “as punishment to a crime.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Assemblymember Lori Wilson (D-Suisun City) said the effects of the law are felt most acutely by people who can be assigned to work without choice in the type of job or the schedule. Incarcerated people can face punishment for not completing work.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The task force report admonished the state for continuing “to sanction, impose, and profit from involuntary servitude.” Currently, people incarcerated in state prisons can be paid as little as $0.08 an hour for their work, according to analysis of a proposal that failed last year.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“That is where you see it currently, with people being forced to work no matter what and to work without any sense of compensation,” Wilson said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11950330\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 1920px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"wp-image-11950330 size-full\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2023/05/RS55315_025_KQED_CAReparationsTaskForce_04142022-qut.jpg\" alt=\"An older Black bald man is leaning over a podium as he is speaking to a younger black woman with long braids. They both wear business attire and have a projection screen behind them.\" width=\"1920\" height=\"1280\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2023/05/RS55315_025_KQED_CAReparationsTaskForce_04142022-qut.jpg 1920w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2023/05/RS55315_025_KQED_CAReparationsTaskForce_04142022-qut-800x533.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2023/05/RS55315_025_KQED_CAReparationsTaskForce_04142022-qut-1020x680.jpg 1020w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2023/05/RS55315_025_KQED_CAReparationsTaskForce_04142022-qut-160x107.jpg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2023/05/RS55315_025_KQED_CAReparationsTaskForce_04142022-qut-1536x1024.jpg 1536w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 1920px) 100vw, 1920px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Sen. Steven Bradford and task force member Lisa Holder speak during the second day of an in-person meeting of the California Reparations Task Force at Third Baptist Church in San Francisco on April 14, 2022. \u003ccite>(Beth LaBerge/KQED)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>By asking voters to amend the state constitution, California would join a handful of states that stripped “involuntary servitude” language from their constitutions last year.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Wilson said her proposal will have to overcome two lines of opposition: first, concerns that the change will lead to higher wages for prison labor — a point of objection raised by the Newsom administration in opposition to a \u003ca href=\"https://apnews.com/article/prisons-california-gavin-newsom-minimum-wage-slavery-a0aed840fc6dc54c7eb0da98d0f6bb05\">similar bill that was voted down in the state Senate\u003c/a> last year. Other lawmakers expressed worry that the removal of the involuntary servitude clause could open the door for people in state prisons to refuse shared duties such as cleaning up common areas.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Additional bills in the Legislature reflect ideas identified by the task force as ways to reduce the over-policing of Black Californians. Senate Bill 50 would ban traffic stops for low-level infractions. It was written by Sen. Steven Bradford (D-Gardena), who serves on the task force. Assembly Bill 93, also from Bryan, would prohibit law enforcement officers from asking for consent to search a person or their car without a warrant.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11950342\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 1920px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"wp-image-11950342 size-full\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2023/05/GettyImages-1229455625.jpg\" alt='A Black man with gray hair and glasses and a gray suit speaks from behind a lectern that reads, \"Los Angeles County Democratic Party.\"' width=\"1920\" height=\"1237\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2023/05/GettyImages-1229455625.jpg 1920w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2023/05/GettyImages-1229455625-800x515.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2023/05/GettyImages-1229455625-1020x657.jpg 1020w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2023/05/GettyImages-1229455625-160x103.jpg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2023/05/GettyImages-1229455625-1536x990.jpg 1536w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 1920px) 100vw, 1920px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Assemblymember Reggie Jones-Sawyer of California’s 59th Assembly District on Nov. 3, 2020. \u003ccite>(Myung J. Chun/Los Angeles Times via Getty Images)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Assemblymember Reggie Jones-Sawyer (D-Los Angeles), who also serves on the task force, said a larger push to pass reparations proposals will take place next year. He hopes to pursue something akin to a reparations omnibus bill, a single piece of legislation that would include many of the panel’s recommendations.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Hopefully, we’re able to explain to people who have just concentrated on the financial aspect to know that the other recommendations are just as important,” Jones-Sawyer said. “In their totality, they’re more important when you add them all together.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cp>The California Reparations Task Force approved economic models for calculating reparations, which could amount to hundreds of millions of dollars owed to eligible Black residents, to address past racial inequities.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The models tell the state what is owed. The Legislature would have to adopt the recommendations and decide how much to pay, task force members said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[pullquote size=\"medium\" align=\"right\" citation=\"US Rep. Barbara Lee (D-Oakland)\"]‘Reparations are not a luxury, but a human right long overdue for millions of Americans.’[/pullquote]The state-appointed task force also unanimously voted to recommend California formally apologize “for the perpetration of gross human rights violations and crimes against humanity and African slaves and their descendants.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>After 15 public hearings, two years of deliberations and input from more than 100 expert witnesses and the public, the task force on Saturday voted to finalize its proposals in an Oakland meeting. The nine-member panel has a deadline to submit it all to the Legislature by July 1.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The historic effort could become a model for a national program of reparations, some observers have said. U.S. Rep. Barbara Lee, a Democrat from Oakland, said at the beginning of the task force meeting that the United States must repair the damage done to Black Americans.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Reparations are not a luxury, but a human right long overdue for millions of Americans,” she said. “We are demanding that the government pay their tax.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>A bill by former state Assembly member Shirley Weber created the reparations task force in 2020, in the wake of the police murder of George Floyd. The panel has since examined the history of slavery and racism in the state and developed detailed plans for how California can begin to undo certain types of racial harm, such as housing discrimination, mass incarceration, the devaluation of Black-owned businesses, the unjust taking of property and unequal access to health care.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The recommendations include policy changes and financial payouts. The task force’s final report and documents, numbering thousands of pages, don’t contain an overall price tag for reparations. They do include \u003ca href=\"https://oag.ca.gov/system/files/media/ab3121-agenda10-ch17-draft-05062023.pdf\">ways the state could calculate how much money eligible African Americans in California have lost (PDF)\u003c/a> since the state’s founding in 1850. The loss calculations vary depending on the type of racial harm and how long a person has lived in California.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c!-- iframe plugin v.4.3 wordpress.org/plugins/iframe/ -->\u003cbr>\n\u003ciframe loading=\"lazy\" src=\"https://calmatters-reparations-calculator.netlify.app/calc-embed?copy=y\" width=\"800\" height=\"800\" scrolling=\"yes\" class=\"iframe-class\" frameborder=\"0\">\u003c/iframe>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>For instance, the loss estimates are $2,300 per person per year of residence for the over-policing of Black communities, and $77,000 total per person, regardless of length of residence, for Black-owned business losses and devaluations over the years.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The task force voted in March 2022 that African American descendants of enslaved Americans were eligible, but other Black residents, such as more recent immigrants, are not. Nearly 80% of California’s 2.6 million Black residents would be eligible, said William Darity, an economist who consulted with the task force.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Task force members said older people should have priority for payment.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>CalMatters created an \u003ca href=\"https://calmatters-reparations-calculator.netlify.app/\">interactive tool\u003c/a> for calculating how much a person is owed, using formulas from the \u003ca href=\"https://oag.ca.gov/system/files/media/ab3121-agenda10-ch17-draft-05062023.pdf\">task force’s final reports\u003c/a> and how long a person lived in California during the periods of racial harm.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>For instance, a 19-year-old who moved to California in 2018 would be owed at least $149,799 based on the calculations, but a 71-year-old who has lived in California all their life could be owed about $1.2 million. On the other hand, an eligible 28-year-old Californian who moved out of state in 2012 and just moved back could be due around $348,507, according to the calculator.\u003c/p>\n\u003ch2>Hundreds of millions of dollars\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>If all of the eligible African American residents lived in the state only two years, it could mean hundreds of millions of dollars in potential reparations.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Eligible Black residents should not expect cash payments anytime soon, though.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[aside postID=\"news_11948385,news_11945690,news_11944986\" label=\"Related Posts\"]The state Legislature and Gov. Gavin Newsom will decide on reparations. It’s unclear what they will do with the task force recommendations. The task force was not told to identify funding sources.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Assemblymember Reggie Jones-Sawyer, a task force member and Democrat from Los Angeles, stressed that the process will take time.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Giving the impression that funds will become readily available — or that cash payments are recommended by the task force to rectify marginalization caused by generations of reckless policies and laws — is not focusing on the real work of the task force or the report itself,” he said in an interview Sunday. “There is a process by which the Legislature will look at and discuss all recommendations, and that will take some time.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Task force members voted to recommend the Legislature consider “down payments” of varying amounts to eligible African American residents, saying direct cash payments are part of other reparations programs around the world.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“The initial down payment is the beginning of a process of addressing historical injustices; not the end of it,” the task force report states.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The task force also is recommending \u003ca href=\"https://calmatters.org/california-divide/2023/01/california-reparations/\">a variety of policy changes\u003c/a> to counteract discrimination. For example, the task force has recommended the state end the practice of forced labor in prisons and \u003ca href=\"https://oag.ca.gov/system/files/media/ab3121-agenda11-ch23-policies-addressing-separate-and-unequal-education-05062023.pdf\">adopt a K–12 Black studies curriculum (PDF)\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003ch2>Freedmen’s bureau\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>[aside label=\"Reparations in California\" link1=\"https://www.kqed.org/reparations,Explore why California launched the first-in-the-nation task force to study reparations for Black people\" hero=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/2022/02/RiCLandingPageGraphic-1020x574.png\"]The group finalized plans to establish a \u003ca href=\"https://calmatters.org/california-divide/2023/03/california-reparations-2/\">centralized state agency\u003c/a> similar to the national Freedmen’s Bureau, a federal agency created in 1865 to assist previously enslaved Black people. The state agency would provide oversight and implement the task force’s proposals.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“The agency will be doing the work that we weren’t able to finish in two years,” said Kamilah Moore, chair of the task force.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Saturday’s meeting was one of the more rowdy hearings of the task force. It included a brief shouting match between a regular meeting attendee and Amos Brown, the task force’s vice chair. Also, the California Highway Patrol escorted a disruptive group out of Lisser Hall at Mills College, where the meeting was held.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>During this nearly final task force meeting, debate continued over who is eligible for reparations. Some task force members also voiced concerns that the Legislature might not honor the task force’s vote to consider lineage for eligibility.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>By a 5–4 vote last year, the task force narrowly defined an eligible person as an “individual being an African American descendant of a chattel enslaved person or the descendant of a free Black person living in the US prior to the end of the 19th century.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>That vote was \u003ca href=\"https://calmatters.org/california-divide/2022/04/californias-reparations-task-force/\">contentious and emotional\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003ch2>Reparations vote\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>The task force voted 6–3 Saturday to approve the recommendations for financial compensation. The three members who voted against it did so after changes they wanted failed.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Moore on Saturday made several attempts to further codify the lineage-based definition in the task force’s final reports by adding a new chapter. That failed to garner majority support from the rest of the task force.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>When Moore requested a section of the final report be moved from one part to another, members of the Department of Justice staff who put the report together balked, saying the panel would have to rescind its prior vote and convene an additional meeting to redo the report’s structure.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Monica Montgomery Steppe, a task force member and San Diego City Council member, disagreed with them. But a majority of the task force went on to approve the final documents as presented with slight tweaks.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Speaking on Sunday in Twitter Spaces, Moore said that meeting “procedure can be weaponized.” She declined to say more publicly about issues from the meeting. “Stay tuned for the ‘tell-all’ book, though,” she said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad floatright]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The task force tentatively set its final meeting for June 29 in Sacramento. Members said they plan to hand the documents to members of Legislature.\u003c/p>\n\n",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>The California Reparations Task Force approved economic models for calculating reparations, which could amount to hundreds of millions of dollars owed to eligible Black residents, to address past racial inequities.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The models tell the state what is owed. The Legislature would have to adopt the recommendations and decide how much to pay, task force members said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "‘Reparations are not a luxury, but a human right long overdue for millions of Americans.’",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>The state-appointed task force also unanimously voted to recommend California formally apologize “for the perpetration of gross human rights violations and crimes against humanity and African slaves and their descendants.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>After 15 public hearings, two years of deliberations and input from more than 100 expert witnesses and the public, the task force on Saturday voted to finalize its proposals in an Oakland meeting. The nine-member panel has a deadline to submit it all to the Legislature by July 1.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The historic effort could become a model for a national program of reparations, some observers have said. U.S. Rep. Barbara Lee, a Democrat from Oakland, said at the beginning of the task force meeting that the United States must repair the damage done to Black Americans.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Reparations are not a luxury, but a human right long overdue for millions of Americans,” she said. “We are demanding that the government pay their tax.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>A bill by former state Assembly member Shirley Weber created the reparations task force in 2020, in the wake of the police murder of George Floyd. The panel has since examined the history of slavery and racism in the state and developed detailed plans for how California can begin to undo certain types of racial harm, such as housing discrimination, mass incarceration, the devaluation of Black-owned businesses, the unjust taking of property and unequal access to health care.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The recommendations include policy changes and financial payouts. The task force’s final report and documents, numbering thousands of pages, don’t contain an overall price tag for reparations. They do include \u003ca href=\"https://oag.ca.gov/system/files/media/ab3121-agenda10-ch17-draft-05062023.pdf\">ways the state could calculate how much money eligible African Americans in California have lost (PDF)\u003c/a> since the state’s founding in 1850. The loss calculations vary depending on the type of racial harm and how long a person has lived in California.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c!-- iframe plugin v.4.3 wordpress.org/plugins/iframe/ -->\u003cbr>\n\u003ciframe loading=\"lazy\" src=\"https://calmatters-reparations-calculator.netlify.app/calc-embed?copy=y\" width=\"800\" height=\"800\" scrolling=\"yes\" class=\"iframe-class\" frameborder=\"0\">\u003c/iframe>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>For instance, the loss estimates are $2,300 per person per year of residence for the over-policing of Black communities, and $77,000 total per person, regardless of length of residence, for Black-owned business losses and devaluations over the years.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The task force voted in March 2022 that African American descendants of enslaved Americans were eligible, but other Black residents, such as more recent immigrants, are not. Nearly 80% of California’s 2.6 million Black residents would be eligible, said William Darity, an economist who consulted with the task force.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Task force members said older people should have priority for payment.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>CalMatters created an \u003ca href=\"https://calmatters-reparations-calculator.netlify.app/\">interactive tool\u003c/a> for calculating how much a person is owed, using formulas from the \u003ca href=\"https://oag.ca.gov/system/files/media/ab3121-agenda10-ch17-draft-05062023.pdf\">task force’s final reports\u003c/a> and how long a person lived in California during the periods of racial harm.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>For instance, a 19-year-old who moved to California in 2018 would be owed at least $149,799 based on the calculations, but a 71-year-old who has lived in California all their life could be owed about $1.2 million. On the other hand, an eligible 28-year-old Californian who moved out of state in 2012 and just moved back could be due around $348,507, according to the calculator.\u003c/p>\n\u003ch2>Hundreds of millions of dollars\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>If all of the eligible African American residents lived in the state only two years, it could mean hundreds of millions of dollars in potential reparations.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Eligible Black residents should not expect cash payments anytime soon, though.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>The state Legislature and Gov. Gavin Newsom will decide on reparations. It’s unclear what they will do with the task force recommendations. The task force was not told to identify funding sources.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Assemblymember Reggie Jones-Sawyer, a task force member and Democrat from Los Angeles, stressed that the process will take time.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Giving the impression that funds will become readily available — or that cash payments are recommended by the task force to rectify marginalization caused by generations of reckless policies and laws — is not focusing on the real work of the task force or the report itself,” he said in an interview Sunday. “There is a process by which the Legislature will look at and discuss all recommendations, and that will take some time.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Task force members voted to recommend the Legislature consider “down payments” of varying amounts to eligible African American residents, saying direct cash payments are part of other reparations programs around the world.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“The initial down payment is the beginning of a process of addressing historical injustices; not the end of it,” the task force report states.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The task force also is recommending \u003ca href=\"https://calmatters.org/california-divide/2023/01/california-reparations/\">a variety of policy changes\u003c/a> to counteract discrimination. For example, the task force has recommended the state end the practice of forced labor in prisons and \u003ca href=\"https://oag.ca.gov/system/files/media/ab3121-agenda11-ch23-policies-addressing-separate-and-unequal-education-05062023.pdf\">adopt a K–12 Black studies curriculum (PDF)\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003ch2>Freedmen’s bureau\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"label": "Reparations in California ",
"link1": "https://www.kqed.org/reparations,Explore why California launched the first-in-the-nation task force to study reparations for Black people",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>The group finalized plans to establish a \u003ca href=\"https://calmatters.org/california-divide/2023/03/california-reparations-2/\">centralized state agency\u003c/a> similar to the national Freedmen’s Bureau, a federal agency created in 1865 to assist previously enslaved Black people. The state agency would provide oversight and implement the task force’s proposals.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“The agency will be doing the work that we weren’t able to finish in two years,” said Kamilah Moore, chair of the task force.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Saturday’s meeting was one of the more rowdy hearings of the task force. It included a brief shouting match between a regular meeting attendee and Amos Brown, the task force’s vice chair. Also, the California Highway Patrol escorted a disruptive group out of Lisser Hall at Mills College, where the meeting was held.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>During this nearly final task force meeting, debate continued over who is eligible for reparations. Some task force members also voiced concerns that the Legislature might not honor the task force’s vote to consider lineage for eligibility.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>By a 5–4 vote last year, the task force narrowly defined an eligible person as an “individual being an African American descendant of a chattel enslaved person or the descendant of a free Black person living in the US prior to the end of the 19th century.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>That vote was \u003ca href=\"https://calmatters.org/california-divide/2022/04/californias-reparations-task-force/\">contentious and emotional\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003ch2>Reparations vote\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>The task force voted 6–3 Saturday to approve the recommendations for financial compensation. The three members who voted against it did so after changes they wanted failed.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Moore on Saturday made several attempts to further codify the lineage-based definition in the task force’s final reports by adding a new chapter. That failed to garner majority support from the rest of the task force.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>When Moore requested a section of the final report be moved from one part to another, members of the Department of Justice staff who put the report together balked, saying the panel would have to rescind its prior vote and convene an additional meeting to redo the report’s structure.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Monica Montgomery Steppe, a task force member and San Diego City Council member, disagreed with them. But a majority of the task force went on to approve the final documents as presented with slight tweaks.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Speaking on Sunday in Twitter Spaces, Moore said that meeting “procedure can be weaponized.” She declined to say more publicly about issues from the meeting. “Stay tuned for the ‘tell-all’ book, though,” she said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The task force tentatively set its final meeting for June 29 in Sacramento. Members said they plan to hand the documents to members of Legislature.\u003c/p>\n\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>",
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"info": "What kind of no sabo word is Hyphenación? For us, it’s about living within a hyphenation. Like being a third-gen Mexican-American from the Texas border now living that Bay Area Chicano life. Like Xorje! Each week we bring together a couple of hyphenated Latinos to talk all about personal life choices: family, careers, relationships, belonging … everything is on the table. ",
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"info": "Our flagship program, helmed by Kai Ryssdal, examines what the day in money delivered, through stories, conversations, newsworthy numbers and more. Updated Monday through Friday at about 3:30 p.m. PT.",
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"mindshift": {
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"info": "The MindShift podcast explores the innovations in education that are shaping how kids learn. Hosts Ki Sung and Katrina Schwartz introduce listeners to educators, researchers, parents and students who are developing effective ways to improve how kids learn. We cover topics like how fed-up administrators are developing surprising tactics to deal with classroom disruptions; how listening to podcasts are helping kids develop reading skills; the consequences of overparenting; and why interdisciplinary learning can engage students on all ends of the traditional achievement spectrum. This podcast is part of the MindShift education site, a division of KQED News. KQED is an NPR/PBS member station based in San Francisco. You can also visit the MindShift website for episodes and supplemental blog posts or tweet us \u003ca href=\"https://twitter.com/MindShiftKQED\">@MindShiftKQED\u003c/a> or visit us at \u003ca href=\"/mindshift\">MindShift.KQED.org\u003c/a>",
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"order": 12
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"info": "\u003cem>Morning Edition\u003c/em> takes listeners around the country and the world with multi-faceted stories and commentaries every weekday. Hosts Steve Inskeep, David Greene and Rachel Martin bring you the latest breaking news and features to prepare you for the day.",
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"info": "For decades, the process for how police police themselves has been inconsistent – if not opaque. In some states, like California, these proceedings were completely hidden. After a new police transparency law unsealed scores of internal affairs files, our reporters set out to examine these cases and the shadow world of police discipline. On Our Watch brings listeners into the rooms where officers are questioned and witnesses are interrogated to find out who this system is really protecting. Is it the officers, or the public they've sworn to serve?",
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"tagline": "Politics from a personal perspective",
"info": "Political Breakdown is a new series that explores the political intersection of California and the nation. Each week hosts Scott Shafer and Marisa Lagos are joined with a new special guest to unpack politics -- with personality — and offer an insider’s glimpse at how politics happens.",
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"possible": {
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"title": "Possible",
"info": "Possible is hosted by entrepreneur Reid Hoffman and writer Aria Finger. Together in Possible, Hoffman and Finger lead enlightening discussions about building a brighter collective future. The show features interviews with visionary guests like Trevor Noah, Sam Altman and Janette Sadik-Khan. Possible paints an optimistic portrait of the world we can create through science, policy, business, art and our shared humanity. It asks: What if everything goes right for once? How can we get there? Each episode also includes a short fiction story generated by advanced AI GPT-4, serving as a thought-provoking springboard to speculate how humanity could leverage technology for good.",
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},
"pri-the-world": {
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"title": "PRI's The World: Latest Edition",
"info": "Each weekday, host Marco Werman and his team of producers bring you the world's most interesting stories in an hour of radio that reminds us just how small our planet really is.",
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"imageSrc": "https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/04/The-World-Podcast-Tile-360x360-1.jpg",
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},
"radiolab": {
"id": "radiolab",
"title": "Radiolab",
"info": "A two-time Peabody Award-winner, Radiolab is an investigation told through sounds and stories, and centered around one big idea. In the Radiolab world, information sounds like music and science and culture collide. Hosted by Jad Abumrad and Robert Krulwich, the show is designed for listeners who demand skepticism, but appreciate wonder. WNYC Studios is the producer of other leading podcasts including Freakonomics Radio, Death, Sex & Money, On the Media and many more.",
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},
"reveal": {
"id": "reveal",
"title": "Reveal",
"info": "Created by The Center for Investigative Reporting and PRX, Reveal is public radios first one-hour weekly radio show and podcast dedicated to investigative reporting. Credible, fact based and without a partisan agenda, Reveal combines the power and artistry of driveway moment storytelling with data-rich reporting on critically important issues. The result is stories that inform and inspire, arming our listeners with information to right injustices, hold the powerful accountable and improve lives.Reveal is hosted by Al Letson and showcases the award-winning work of CIR and newsrooms large and small across the nation. In a radio and podcast market crowded with choices, Reveal focuses on important and often surprising stories that illuminate the world for our listeners.",
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"officialWebsiteLink": "https://www.revealnews.org/episodes/",
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