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"title": "Protesters Outside Google in San Francisco Call for Immediate End to 'Project Nimbus'",
"headTitle": "Protesters Outside Google in San Francisco Call for Immediate End to ‘Project Nimbus’ | KQED",
"content": "\u003cp>Pro-Palestinian Google employees protested outside Google offices in San Francisco on Thursday to demand the tech giant cancel a $1.2 billion contract — called “Project Nimbus” — with the Israeli government and military.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>An estimated 500 protesters chanted “Google, Google you can’t hide, we charge you with genocide,” reflecting growing outrage over the contract during Israel’s ongoing bombardment of Gaza. The Israeli Finance Ministry described the Project Nimbus contract as “intended to provide the government, the defense establishment and others with an all-encompassing cloud solution.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11969956\" class=\"wp-caption alignnone\" style=\"max-width: 1920px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-full wp-image-11969956\" src=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2023/12/231214-GazaGoogleProtest-13-BL.jpg\" alt=\"Protesters holding signs.\" width=\"1920\" height=\"1280\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2023/12/231214-GazaGoogleProtest-13-BL.jpg 1920w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2023/12/231214-GazaGoogleProtest-13-BL-800x533.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2023/12/231214-GazaGoogleProtest-13-BL-1020x680.jpg 1020w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2023/12/231214-GazaGoogleProtest-13-BL-160x107.jpg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2023/12/231214-GazaGoogleProtest-13-BL-1536x1024.jpg 1536w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 1920px) 100vw, 1920px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Demonstrators gather outside Google offices in downtown San Francisco on Dec. 14, 2023. \u003ccite>(Beth LaBerge/KQED)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Valerie Kuan, a software engineer at Google who was at the protest, said she doesn’t work on Project Nimbus “but this is an issue that affects all Google workers.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Google is looking to exploit all of their workers’ labor to profit off of war and profit off of Israeli genocide against the Palestinian people,” said Kuan, who has worked at Google for a little more than a year. “There are many ways to run a profitable company without supporting genocide.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11969954\" class=\"wp-caption alignnone\" style=\"max-width: 1920px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-full wp-image-11969954\" src=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2023/12/231214-GazaGoogleProtest-03-BL.jpg\" alt=\"An young woman with Palestinian garb speaks to protesters through a loud speaker.\" width=\"1920\" height=\"1280\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2023/12/231214-GazaGoogleProtest-03-BL.jpg 1920w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2023/12/231214-GazaGoogleProtest-03-BL-800x533.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2023/12/231214-GazaGoogleProtest-03-BL-1020x680.jpg 1020w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2023/12/231214-GazaGoogleProtest-03-BL-160x107.jpg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2023/12/231214-GazaGoogleProtest-03-BL-1536x1024.jpg 1536w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 1920px) 100vw, 1920px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">A demonstrator speaks outside Google offices in downtown San Francisco on Dec. 14, 2023. \u003ccite>(Beth LaBerge/KQED)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>A recent\u003ca href=\"https://www.972mag.com/mass-assassination-factory-israel-calculated-bombing-gaza/\"> investigation by +972 Magazine\u003c/a>, an Israeli-Palestinian journalism publication, revealed that the Israeli military is using artificial intelligence to target and assassinate Palestinians in Gaza. The reporting does not identify the source of the technology, but Google workers with the \u003ca href=\"https://www.notechforapartheid.com\">No Tech For Apartheid\u003c/a> campaign claim their company and its Project Nimbus partner, Amazon, are complicit in the Israeli siege.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[pullquote align=\"right\" size=\"medium\" citation=\"Khaled Allen, software engineer, Google\"]‘I have a lot of faith in Google as a company. In general, it is a force for good in the world. Because I believe that, that’s why I’m here.’[/pullquote]Protester Khaled Allen, a Google software engineer of part-Palestinian descent, said he hasn’t been very politically active but that he feels “called to do so now.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“I feel very connected to the issue because of my background,” said Allen, who has been at Google for two years. “I have a lot of faith in Google as a company. In general, it is a force for good in the world. Because I believe that, that’s why I’m here.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>As the protest grew Thursday night, a dozen protesters lay down on the sidewalk and covered themselves with white sheets bearing the Google logo. \u003ca href=\"https://www.wsj.com/world/middle-east/israel-hamas-press-on-despite-rising-deaths-tolls-on-both-sides-afe9787f\">More than 18,600 people in Gaza\u003c/a> have been killed in the war, most of them women and children, according to Gaza health officials.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11969953\" class=\"wp-caption alignnone\" style=\"max-width: 1920px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-full wp-image-11969953\" src=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2023/12/231214-GazaGoogleProtest-02-BL.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"1920\" height=\"1280\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2023/12/231214-GazaGoogleProtest-02-BL.jpg 1920w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2023/12/231214-GazaGoogleProtest-02-BL-800x533.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2023/12/231214-GazaGoogleProtest-02-BL-1020x680.jpg 1020w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2023/12/231214-GazaGoogleProtest-02-BL-160x107.jpg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2023/12/231214-GazaGoogleProtest-02-BL-1536x1024.jpg 1536w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 1920px) 100vw, 1920px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Demonstrators gather outside Google offices in downtown San Francisco. \u003ccite>(Beth LaBerge/KQED)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>In a 2021 anonymous open letter to Google and Amazon published in\u003ca href=\"https://www.theguardian.com/commentisfree/2021/oct/12/google-amazon-workers-condemn-project-nimbus-israeli-military-contract\">\u003cem> The Guardian\u003c/em>\u003c/a>, employees described watching their companies “aggressively pursue contracts with institutions like the US Department of Defense, Immigration and Customs Enforcement (ICE), and state and local police departments. These contracts are part of a disturbing pattern of militarization, lack of transparency and avoidance of oversight.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“We cannot look the other way, as the products we build are used to deny Palestinians their basic rights, force Palestinians out of their homes and attack Palestinians in the Gaza Strip — actions that have prompted war crime investigations by the\u003ca href=\"https://www.icc-cpi.int/Pages/item.aspx?name=210303-prosecutor-statement-investigation-palestine\"> international criminal court\u003c/a>,” the letter said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11969959\" class=\"wp-caption alignnone\" style=\"max-width: 1920px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-full wp-image-11969959\" src=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2023/12/231214-GazaGoogleProtest-12-BL.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"1920\" height=\"1280\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2023/12/231214-GazaGoogleProtest-12-BL.jpg 1920w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2023/12/231214-GazaGoogleProtest-12-BL-800x533.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2023/12/231214-GazaGoogleProtest-12-BL-1020x680.jpg 1020w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2023/12/231214-GazaGoogleProtest-12-BL-160x107.jpg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2023/12/231214-GazaGoogleProtest-12-BL-1536x1024.jpg 1536w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 1920px) 100vw, 1920px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Demonstrators gather outside Google offices in downtown San Francisco. \u003ccite>(Beth LaBerge/KQED)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Google did not respond to KQED’s request for comment for this story, but in an email to the \u003cem>San Francisco Chronicle\u003c/em>, it wrote that Project Nimbus was not a military program, adding that the protest “is part of a longstanding campaign by a group of organizations and people who largely don’t work at Google.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“We have been very clear that the Nimbus contract is for workloads running on our commercial platform by Israeli government ministries such as finance, healthcare, transportation, and education,” the statement added. “Our work is not directed at highly sensitive or classified military workloads relevant to weapons or intelligence services.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11969957\" class=\"wp-caption alignnone\" style=\"max-width: 1920px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-full wp-image-11969957\" src=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2023/12/231214-GazaGoogleProtest-16-BL.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"1920\" height=\"1280\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2023/12/231214-GazaGoogleProtest-16-BL.jpg 1920w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2023/12/231214-GazaGoogleProtest-16-BL-800x533.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2023/12/231214-GazaGoogleProtest-16-BL-1020x680.jpg 1020w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2023/12/231214-GazaGoogleProtest-16-BL-160x107.jpg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2023/12/231214-GazaGoogleProtest-16-BL-1536x1024.jpg 1536w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 1920px) 100vw, 1920px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Demonstrators gather outside Google offices in downtown San Francisco. \u003ccite>(Beth LaBerge/KQED)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Last year, a group of Palestinian Google employees and their allied colleagues spoke out anonymously in a public video about the anti-Palestinian bias they said they witnessed at the company. One Palestinian Google employee said she felt like she was making her living “off the oppression of my family back home.” Another Palestinian Google employee said, “Google’s Project Nimbus will be a big ugly moment in Google’s history and a shameful and embarrassing engagement.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=2GI-ePG0rTA\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Another group of workers recently published an\u003ca href=\"https://medium.com/@notechforapartheid/googleopenletter-868f0c4477db\"> open letter\u003c/a> addressed to Google leadership accusing the company of a double standard that allows for “freedom of expression for Israeli Googlers versus Arab, Muslim and Palestinian Googlers.” The unsigned letter was attributed to “Muslim, Palestinian and Arab Google employees joined by anti-Zionist Jewish colleagues.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In another\u003ca href=\"https://docs.google.com/document/u/1/d/e/2PACX-1vQt-eWcx-7rZxWTlx0dngRvhn_goqMdl8bPhqvucPiEenbd6KNpLGe-I_QLPLg1_K37Yrkp86ks4RXl/pub\"> unsigned open letter\u003c/a>, published in mid-October, a group of Google employees demanded the company cancel its Project Nimbus contract “and immediately cease doing business with the Israeli apartheid government and military.” The letter goes on to demand that Google leadership “issue a public condemnation of the ongoing genocide in the strongest possible terms.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>Pro-Palestinian Google employees protested outside Google offices in San Francisco on Thursday to demand the tech giant cancel a $1.2 billion contract — called “Project Nimbus” — with the Israeli government and military.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>An estimated 500 protesters chanted “Google, Google you can’t hide, we charge you with genocide,” reflecting growing outrage over the contract during Israel’s ongoing bombardment of Gaza. The Israeli Finance Ministry described the Project Nimbus contract as “intended to provide the government, the defense establishment and others with an all-encompassing cloud solution.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11969956\" class=\"wp-caption alignnone\" style=\"max-width: 1920px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-full wp-image-11969956\" src=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2023/12/231214-GazaGoogleProtest-13-BL.jpg\" alt=\"Protesters holding signs.\" width=\"1920\" height=\"1280\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2023/12/231214-GazaGoogleProtest-13-BL.jpg 1920w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2023/12/231214-GazaGoogleProtest-13-BL-800x533.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2023/12/231214-GazaGoogleProtest-13-BL-1020x680.jpg 1020w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2023/12/231214-GazaGoogleProtest-13-BL-160x107.jpg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2023/12/231214-GazaGoogleProtest-13-BL-1536x1024.jpg 1536w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 1920px) 100vw, 1920px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Demonstrators gather outside Google offices in downtown San Francisco on Dec. 14, 2023. \u003ccite>(Beth LaBerge/KQED)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Valerie Kuan, a software engineer at Google who was at the protest, said she doesn’t work on Project Nimbus “but this is an issue that affects all Google workers.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Google is looking to exploit all of their workers’ labor to profit off of war and profit off of Israeli genocide against the Palestinian people,” said Kuan, who has worked at Google for a little more than a year. “There are many ways to run a profitable company without supporting genocide.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11969954\" class=\"wp-caption alignnone\" style=\"max-width: 1920px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-full wp-image-11969954\" src=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2023/12/231214-GazaGoogleProtest-03-BL.jpg\" alt=\"An young woman with Palestinian garb speaks to protesters through a loud speaker.\" width=\"1920\" height=\"1280\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2023/12/231214-GazaGoogleProtest-03-BL.jpg 1920w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2023/12/231214-GazaGoogleProtest-03-BL-800x533.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2023/12/231214-GazaGoogleProtest-03-BL-1020x680.jpg 1020w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2023/12/231214-GazaGoogleProtest-03-BL-160x107.jpg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2023/12/231214-GazaGoogleProtest-03-BL-1536x1024.jpg 1536w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 1920px) 100vw, 1920px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">A demonstrator speaks outside Google offices in downtown San Francisco on Dec. 14, 2023. \u003ccite>(Beth LaBerge/KQED)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>A recent\u003ca href=\"https://www.972mag.com/mass-assassination-factory-israel-calculated-bombing-gaza/\"> investigation by +972 Magazine\u003c/a>, an Israeli-Palestinian journalism publication, revealed that the Israeli military is using artificial intelligence to target and assassinate Palestinians in Gaza. The reporting does not identify the source of the technology, but Google workers with the \u003ca href=\"https://www.notechforapartheid.com\">No Tech For Apartheid\u003c/a> campaign claim their company and its Project Nimbus partner, Amazon, are complicit in the Israeli siege.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>Protester Khaled Allen, a Google software engineer of part-Palestinian descent, said he hasn’t been very politically active but that he feels “called to do so now.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“I feel very connected to the issue because of my background,” said Allen, who has been at Google for two years. “I have a lot of faith in Google as a company. In general, it is a force for good in the world. Because I believe that, that’s why I’m here.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>As the protest grew Thursday night, a dozen protesters lay down on the sidewalk and covered themselves with white sheets bearing the Google logo. \u003ca href=\"https://www.wsj.com/world/middle-east/israel-hamas-press-on-despite-rising-deaths-tolls-on-both-sides-afe9787f\">More than 18,600 people in Gaza\u003c/a> have been killed in the war, most of them women and children, according to Gaza health officials.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11969953\" class=\"wp-caption alignnone\" style=\"max-width: 1920px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-full wp-image-11969953\" src=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2023/12/231214-GazaGoogleProtest-02-BL.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"1920\" height=\"1280\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2023/12/231214-GazaGoogleProtest-02-BL.jpg 1920w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2023/12/231214-GazaGoogleProtest-02-BL-800x533.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2023/12/231214-GazaGoogleProtest-02-BL-1020x680.jpg 1020w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2023/12/231214-GazaGoogleProtest-02-BL-160x107.jpg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2023/12/231214-GazaGoogleProtest-02-BL-1536x1024.jpg 1536w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 1920px) 100vw, 1920px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Demonstrators gather outside Google offices in downtown San Francisco. \u003ccite>(Beth LaBerge/KQED)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>In a 2021 anonymous open letter to Google and Amazon published in\u003ca href=\"https://www.theguardian.com/commentisfree/2021/oct/12/google-amazon-workers-condemn-project-nimbus-israeli-military-contract\">\u003cem> The Guardian\u003c/em>\u003c/a>, employees described watching their companies “aggressively pursue contracts with institutions like the US Department of Defense, Immigration and Customs Enforcement (ICE), and state and local police departments. These contracts are part of a disturbing pattern of militarization, lack of transparency and avoidance of oversight.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“We cannot look the other way, as the products we build are used to deny Palestinians their basic rights, force Palestinians out of their homes and attack Palestinians in the Gaza Strip — actions that have prompted war crime investigations by the\u003ca href=\"https://www.icc-cpi.int/Pages/item.aspx?name=210303-prosecutor-statement-investigation-palestine\"> international criminal court\u003c/a>,” the letter said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11969959\" class=\"wp-caption alignnone\" style=\"max-width: 1920px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-full wp-image-11969959\" src=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2023/12/231214-GazaGoogleProtest-12-BL.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"1920\" height=\"1280\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2023/12/231214-GazaGoogleProtest-12-BL.jpg 1920w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2023/12/231214-GazaGoogleProtest-12-BL-800x533.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2023/12/231214-GazaGoogleProtest-12-BL-1020x680.jpg 1020w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2023/12/231214-GazaGoogleProtest-12-BL-160x107.jpg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2023/12/231214-GazaGoogleProtest-12-BL-1536x1024.jpg 1536w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 1920px) 100vw, 1920px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Demonstrators gather outside Google offices in downtown San Francisco. \u003ccite>(Beth LaBerge/KQED)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Google did not respond to KQED’s request for comment for this story, but in an email to the \u003cem>San Francisco Chronicle\u003c/em>, it wrote that Project Nimbus was not a military program, adding that the protest “is part of a longstanding campaign by a group of organizations and people who largely don’t work at Google.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“We have been very clear that the Nimbus contract is for workloads running on our commercial platform by Israeli government ministries such as finance, healthcare, transportation, and education,” the statement added. “Our work is not directed at highly sensitive or classified military workloads relevant to weapons or intelligence services.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11969957\" class=\"wp-caption alignnone\" style=\"max-width: 1920px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-full wp-image-11969957\" src=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2023/12/231214-GazaGoogleProtest-16-BL.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"1920\" height=\"1280\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2023/12/231214-GazaGoogleProtest-16-BL.jpg 1920w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2023/12/231214-GazaGoogleProtest-16-BL-800x533.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2023/12/231214-GazaGoogleProtest-16-BL-1020x680.jpg 1020w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2023/12/231214-GazaGoogleProtest-16-BL-160x107.jpg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2023/12/231214-GazaGoogleProtest-16-BL-1536x1024.jpg 1536w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 1920px) 100vw, 1920px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Demonstrators gather outside Google offices in downtown San Francisco. \u003ccite>(Beth LaBerge/KQED)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Last year, a group of Palestinian Google employees and their allied colleagues spoke out anonymously in a public video about the anti-Palestinian bias they said they witnessed at the company. One Palestinian Google employee said she felt like she was making her living “off the oppression of my family back home.” Another Palestinian Google employee said, “Google’s Project Nimbus will be a big ugly moment in Google’s history and a shameful and embarrassing engagement.”\u003c/p>\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003cspan class='utils-parseShortcode-shortcodes-__youtubeShortcode__embedYoutube'>\n \u003cspan class='utils-parseShortcode-shortcodes-__youtubeShortcode__embedYoutubeInside'>\n \u003ciframe\n loading='lazy'\n class='utils-parseShortcode-shortcodes-__youtubeShortcode__youtubePlayer'\n type='text/html'\n src='//www.youtube.com/embed/2GI-ePG0rTA'\n title='//www.youtube.com/embed/2GI-ePG0rTA'\n allowfullscreen='true'\n style='border:0;'>\u003c/iframe>\n \u003c/span>\n \u003c/span>\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003cp>Another group of workers recently published an\u003ca href=\"https://medium.com/@notechforapartheid/googleopenletter-868f0c4477db\"> open letter\u003c/a> addressed to Google leadership accusing the company of a double standard that allows for “freedom of expression for Israeli Googlers versus Arab, Muslim and Palestinian Googlers.” The unsigned letter was attributed to “Muslim, Palestinian and Arab Google employees joined by anti-Zionist Jewish colleagues.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In another\u003ca href=\"https://docs.google.com/document/u/1/d/e/2PACX-1vQt-eWcx-7rZxWTlx0dngRvhn_goqMdl8bPhqvucPiEenbd6KNpLGe-I_QLPLg1_K37Yrkp86ks4RXl/pub\"> unsigned open letter\u003c/a>, published in mid-October, a group of Google employees demanded the company cancel its Project Nimbus contract “and immediately cease doing business with the Israeli apartheid government and military.” The letter goes on to demand that Google leadership “issue a public condemnation of the ongoing genocide in the strongest possible terms.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"title": "'We Can't Pretend It Away': Schools Grapple With Guidelines for Using Generative AI on College Applications",
"headTitle": "‘We Can’t Pretend It Away’: Schools Grapple With Guidelines for Using Generative AI on College Applications | KQED",
"content": "\u003cp>Artificial intelligence might be the new frontier in technology, but Toby Reed, a senior at Fremont High in Oakland, is unequivocal about whether to harness its powers — at least on his college application essay.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“No. It’s blatantly plagiarizing,” said Reed, who, like hundreds of thousands of other California seniors, is in the process of applying to colleges. “It’s bad enough stealing content, but with ChatGPT you’re not even stealing from a real person.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In the first application season since generative AI tools like ChatGPT have become widely available, colleges and high schools are grappling with the ethical and practical implications of text-writing technology.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[pullquote align=\"right\" size=\"medium\" citation=\"Katherine Goyette, computer science coordinator, California Department of Education\"]‘We want our students to understand how AI works and how to leverage it, but also understand the ethical implications. AI is here. We need to teach students and educators how to learn with it, and learn about it.’[/pullquote]“We can’t pretend it away,” said Josh Godinez, a counselor at Centennial High School in Riverside County, and former president of the California Association of School Counselors. Students are using AI on their college application essays, whether grown-ups like it or not, he said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Most school leaders and college experts that CalMatters interviewed agree that students who rely exclusively on AI to write their college application essays are violating academic integrity rules and are subject to having their applications rejected. But there’s plenty of nuance in the details, and guidelines can be vague and confusing.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The California Department of Education \u003ca href=\"https://www.cde.ca.gov/pd/ca/cs/aiincalifornia.asp\">encourages districts to explore\u003c/a> the potential benefits of AI, particularly in computer science curriculum or as part of broader lessons in media literacy. But it leaves decisions about AI use in classrooms up to school districts — many of which have policies prohibiting plagiarism, which could include the use of AI for writing essays, for example.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>That means most students applying to college now are at least familiar with the ethics of using technology to write their essays for them.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“We want our students to understand how AI works and how to leverage it, but also understand the ethical implications,” said Katherine Goyette, the state education department’s computer science coordinator. “AI is here. We need to teach students and educators how to learn with it, and learn about it.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>And even if colleges prohibit essays whose provenance is generative AI, nabbing a student for robotic plagiarism is an imprecise science. The company behind ChatGPT \u003ca href=\"https://www.theverge.com/2023/7/25/23807487/openai-ai-generated-low-accuracy\">shut down its own tool\u003c/a> for detecting text generated by AI in July, citing a high rate of error. One scholar \u003ca href=\"https://www.wired.com/story/ai-detection-chat-gpt-college-students/\">in a \u003cem>Wired\u003c/em> article\u003c/a> noted that even a 1% rate of false-positives is inexcusable, because for every 1,000 essays, that’s 10 students who could be accused of an academic theft they didn’t commit.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>José Gonzalez, chief technology officer for the Los Angeles County Office of Education, noted that no AI detection tool is 100% accurate. And AI itself can occasionally produce incorrect information.\u003c/p>\n\u003ch2>Varying policies on AI in admissions essays\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>Common App, the college application tool used by \u003ca href=\"https://www.commonapp.org/explore/\">1,000 institutions nationwide\u003c/a>, in August included a restriction on “substantive” AI use in college admissions applications as part of its \u003ca href=\"https://www.commonapp.org/files/Common-App-Fraud-Policy.pdf\">fraud policy (PDF)\u003c/a>. The addition was a response to feedback from member colleges and an internal desire to “keep up with the changing technologies,” a spokesperson wrote.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>What does “substantive” mean? Common App’s CEO, Jenny Rickard, said there’s no definition, and that’s intentional, writing in an email that “we will evaluate the totality of the circumstances to determine if a student truly intended to misrepresent content generated by AI technology as their own work.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Common App doesn’t determine whether students are being honest — that’s up to the member colleges to figure out. But if Common App concludes that a student plagiarized, that student’s account may be terminated and Common App will notify the campuses to which the student applied, Rickard wrote.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>University of Southern California, which uses the Common App exclusively to process its admissions and is a \u003ca href=\"https://s3.us-west-2.amazonaws.com/ca.research.publish/State+2020/California2020.pdf\">top choice for Common App applicants (PDF)\u003c/a>, is less lenient.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Were we to learn that an applicant had used generative AI for any part of their application, their application would be immediately rejected,” the university said in a written statement. The school turned down CalMatters’ request to interview an admissions official.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11964280\" class=\"wp-caption alignnone\" style=\"max-width: 2000px\">\u003ca href=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2023/10/101023-AI-College-Toby-Reed-LA-CM-17.jpg\">\u003cimg decoding=\"async\" loading=\"lazy\" class=\"size-full wp-image-11964280\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2023/10/101023-AI-College-Toby-Reed-LA-CM-17.jpg\" alt=\"A Black student with long hair leans against a wall.\" width=\"2000\" height=\"1333\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2023/10/101023-AI-College-Toby-Reed-LA-CM-17.jpg 2000w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2023/10/101023-AI-College-Toby-Reed-LA-CM-17-800x533.jpg 800w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2023/10/101023-AI-College-Toby-Reed-LA-CM-17-1020x680.jpg 1020w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2023/10/101023-AI-College-Toby-Reed-LA-CM-17-160x107.jpg 160w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2023/10/101023-AI-College-Toby-Reed-LA-CM-17-1536x1024.jpg 1536w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2023/10/101023-AI-College-Toby-Reed-LA-CM-17-1920x1280.jpg 1920w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 2000px) 100vw, 2000px\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Toby Reed, a senior at Fremont High School in Oakland, on campus on Oct. 10, 2023. \u003ccite>(Laure Andrillon/CalMatters)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>But those stern words lack teeth. The highly selective private university isn’t employing any AI-detection software, a spokesperson wrote.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The University of California and its nine undergraduate campuses permit students to use generative AI in admissions essays in limited form, such as “advice on content and editing,” but “content and final written text must be their own,” \u003ca href=\"https://apply.universityofcalifornia.edu/docs/StatementOfIntegrity.pdf\">its written policy states (PDF)\u003c/a>. Unlike the state’s private campuses, UC operates its own admissions portal.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But the UC Office of the President, which also turned down a CalMatters request for an interview on the topic, wouldn’t specify how it detects whether students relied on AI tools to write their essays. “UC conducts regular screenings to verify the integrity of the responses, may request authentication of the content or writing as the student’s, and will take action when it is determined that the integrity of the response is compromised,” including plagiarism through AI, its guidance states.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Ryan King, a UC spokesperson, suggested students are wasting their effort by relying on AI generative tools, writing “it would be more work for them to try building a strong ChatGPT prompt than it would be to develop their own original responses to the (essay questions).”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Campuses that responded to CalMatters indicated that while generative AI can be a source to spitball ideas, structure an outline and generally shape the essay-writing process, the tools are no match for human voices to communicate nuance and detail how an applicant’s life experiences tie into the various essay questions. There’s also limited room for the banal writing AI tools typically generate — the Common App essay response can’t exceed 650 words while UC’s four essays are capped at 350 words each.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[aside label=\"related coverage\" tag=\"artificial-intelligence\"]Pomona College, a highly selective institution that accepts applications through the Common App, has no formal policy on AI use in admissions essays, though its admissions director, Adam Sapp, wrote in an email that the technology is “not very good at nuance, personalization or helping a student communicate in their authentic voice, which is what we’re really looking for when we evaluate an application.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“The value of a 350-word response on topics like leadership, resiliency, or creativity may be diminished if it doesn’t directly reflect a student’s own experiences,” noted UC Riverside’s director of undergraduate admissions, Veronica Zendejas, in email.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Admissions officials at Stanford University and UC Berkeley conveyed similar sentiments.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Zendejas offers practical tips for crafting essay responses, a process that can often cause anxiety in students. She tells prospective students to “write in clear, straightforward prose, much like they would in an interview or a conversation. This approach should alleviate concerns about the need for AI tools to assist in writing their responses.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>University of San Francisco, another Common App partner, won’t use AI detection software for college applications because school officials don’t think it’s necessary. The full picture of a student’s fit on campus comes into view from their grades, letters of recommendation and other aspects of the holistic application review, said Sherie Gilmore-Cleveland, the university’s associate provost who oversees undergraduate admissions.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>After a student’s high school academics, the essay is the second-most important factor in a student’s application, she said. But in her 20-plus years of working in admissions, Gilmore-Cleveland noted, she’s never encountered a case in which a student with weak grades and a strong essay was admitted.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>On the flip side, however, a student with good grades and an awful essay may be rejected from the university if they’re trying to apply for a competitive major. The student may be re-routed to another major, or just be rejected outright — it’s a case-by-case basis, Gilmore-Cleveland said.\u003c/p>\n\u003ch2>Using generative AI is easy\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>But not everyone applying to college is a good writer, said Jeffrey Hancock, a Stanford University \u003ca href=\"https://news.stanford.edu/2023/02/13/will-chatgpt-change-way-think-work/\">professor of communication\u003c/a>, and some students will “probably find that they do better when they use a tool like this.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Hancock said students with no coding experience can train a tool like ChatGPT, especially the latest premium version, to generate strong essays, in a process known as fine-tuning.[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>First, an applicant pastes old essays written by students who were admitted to top colleges into an AI tool, and tells it to analyze them for positive traits. Then, the applicant pastes essays from students who were rejected from schools and prompts the AI to look for patterns to avoid. Along the way, the applicant can also confirm that the AI tool is understanding the task.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Finally, the applicant prompts the tool to generate a rough draft based on those findings.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Hancock co-published a peer-reviewed study in March showing that humans can detect AI-written work \u003ca href=\"https://www.pnas.org/doi/10.1073/pnas.2208839120\">about as accurately as predicting a coin toss\u003c/a> — meaning poorly. And “as you build detectors, the AI gets better,” said Hancock, who anticipates there will soon be an arms race between detection and evasion tools.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>And while generative AI may be the latest cause célèbre, it’s part of a long line of help students have been able to access for decades. Teachers, counselors and family members offer students writing support. So can pricey tutors, who — even if they’re \u003ca href=\"https://slate.com/human-interest/2023/09/college-essay-personal-statement-narrative-common-app.html#:~:text=Hiring%20an%20expensive,and%20editing%20drafts.\">ethically opposed\u003c/a> to writing an essay for a student — can still provide tailored coaching in a way that’s inaccessible to most lower-income students.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The debate over AI use in college applications reflects a larger trend in classrooms. Educators are deciding how to adapt to artificial intelligence, especially as it improves and becomes more ubiquitous. Some districts have yet to address the issue, while others have adopted comprehensive guidelines promoting its benefits and warning of its dangers.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[pullquote align=\"right\" size=\"medium\" citation=\"Tara Sorkhabi, senior at Monte Vista High School in Danville\"]‘Admissions officers wouldn’t know who they’re accepting. They’d basically be admitting a bot.’[/pullquote]The Los Angeles County Office of Education held an AI symposium last summer for hundreds of educators, and is crafting guidelines for the 80 districts it oversees. Despite AI’s obvious risks, the most obvious benefits, according to Gonzalez, are for teachers and administrators: creating lesson plans, making master schedules, tracking student achievement and attendance, writing grant applications and even crafting state-mandated accountability plans.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Christine Elgersma, senior editor for learning content strategy at Common Sense Media, a research and advocacy nonprofit, suggests that schools move forward thoughtfully as they create AI policies and include students in the discussion. Students should understand the ethical implications, the biases that exist in AI algorithms, the potential for misinformation and the privacy risks, she said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Since college essays are so personal, it brings up a question of privacy,” Elgersma said. “For example, pieces of your story could turn up folded into another student’s AI-generated essay.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Students should also understand the value of learning to write, and think, independently, “developing your own ideas and expressing yourself in words, with clarity and profundity and a flair that’s your own,” she said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Tara Sorkhabi, a senior at Monte Vista High School in Danville, said her teachers have been clear in discouraging, if not outright banning, the use of AI for writing assignments. While Sorkhabi has found AI useful in studying chemistry, for example, she does not believe students should use it for college application essays.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Admissions officers wouldn’t know who they’re accepting. They’d basically be admitting a bot,” she said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>She also thinks that allowing AI in college application essays is unfair to students who toil for weeks perfecting their own essays without the help of machines.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Reed, the Fremont High senior, said students who over-rely on AI for writing assignments are ultimately cheating themselves, because they’re not learning valuable skills like research, expression and critical thinking.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“It’s your future,” Reed said, emphasizing that students should take advantage of opportunities to expand their minds, not use short-cuts. “You can’t plagiarize in school. You can’t do it at work. People like AI because it’s quick and easy, but it’s not good.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad floatright]\u003c/p>\n",
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"nprByline": "\u003ca href=\"https://calmatters.org/author/carolyn-jones/\">Carolyn Jones\u003c/a> and \u003ca href=\"https://calmatters.org/author/mikhailzinshteyn/\">Mikhail Zinshteyn\u003c/a>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>Artificial intelligence might be the new frontier in technology, but Toby Reed, a senior at Fremont High in Oakland, is unequivocal about whether to harness its powers — at least on his college application essay.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“No. It’s blatantly plagiarizing,” said Reed, who, like hundreds of thousands of other California seniors, is in the process of applying to colleges. “It’s bad enough stealing content, but with ChatGPT you’re not even stealing from a real person.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In the first application season since generative AI tools like ChatGPT have become widely available, colleges and high schools are grappling with the ethical and practical implications of text-writing technology.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "‘We want our students to understand how AI works and how to leverage it, but also understand the ethical implications. AI is here. We need to teach students and educators how to learn with it, and learn about it.’",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>“We can’t pretend it away,” said Josh Godinez, a counselor at Centennial High School in Riverside County, and former president of the California Association of School Counselors. Students are using AI on their college application essays, whether grown-ups like it or not, he said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Most school leaders and college experts that CalMatters interviewed agree that students who rely exclusively on AI to write their college application essays are violating academic integrity rules and are subject to having their applications rejected. But there’s plenty of nuance in the details, and guidelines can be vague and confusing.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The California Department of Education \u003ca href=\"https://www.cde.ca.gov/pd/ca/cs/aiincalifornia.asp\">encourages districts to explore\u003c/a> the potential benefits of AI, particularly in computer science curriculum or as part of broader lessons in media literacy. But it leaves decisions about AI use in classrooms up to school districts — many of which have policies prohibiting plagiarism, which could include the use of AI for writing essays, for example.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>That means most students applying to college now are at least familiar with the ethics of using technology to write their essays for them.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“We want our students to understand how AI works and how to leverage it, but also understand the ethical implications,” said Katherine Goyette, the state education department’s computer science coordinator. “AI is here. We need to teach students and educators how to learn with it, and learn about it.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>And even if colleges prohibit essays whose provenance is generative AI, nabbing a student for robotic plagiarism is an imprecise science. The company behind ChatGPT \u003ca href=\"https://www.theverge.com/2023/7/25/23807487/openai-ai-generated-low-accuracy\">shut down its own tool\u003c/a> for detecting text generated by AI in July, citing a high rate of error. One scholar \u003ca href=\"https://www.wired.com/story/ai-detection-chat-gpt-college-students/\">in a \u003cem>Wired\u003c/em> article\u003c/a> noted that even a 1% rate of false-positives is inexcusable, because for every 1,000 essays, that’s 10 students who could be accused of an academic theft they didn’t commit.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>José Gonzalez, chief technology officer for the Los Angeles County Office of Education, noted that no AI detection tool is 100% accurate. And AI itself can occasionally produce incorrect information.\u003c/p>\n\u003ch2>Varying policies on AI in admissions essays\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>Common App, the college application tool used by \u003ca href=\"https://www.commonapp.org/explore/\">1,000 institutions nationwide\u003c/a>, in August included a restriction on “substantive” AI use in college admissions applications as part of its \u003ca href=\"https://www.commonapp.org/files/Common-App-Fraud-Policy.pdf\">fraud policy (PDF)\u003c/a>. The addition was a response to feedback from member colleges and an internal desire to “keep up with the changing technologies,” a spokesperson wrote.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>What does “substantive” mean? Common App’s CEO, Jenny Rickard, said there’s no definition, and that’s intentional, writing in an email that “we will evaluate the totality of the circumstances to determine if a student truly intended to misrepresent content generated by AI technology as their own work.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Common App doesn’t determine whether students are being honest — that’s up to the member colleges to figure out. But if Common App concludes that a student plagiarized, that student’s account may be terminated and Common App will notify the campuses to which the student applied, Rickard wrote.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>University of Southern California, which uses the Common App exclusively to process its admissions and is a \u003ca href=\"https://s3.us-west-2.amazonaws.com/ca.research.publish/State+2020/California2020.pdf\">top choice for Common App applicants (PDF)\u003c/a>, is less lenient.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Were we to learn that an applicant had used generative AI for any part of their application, their application would be immediately rejected,” the university said in a written statement. The school turned down CalMatters’ request to interview an admissions official.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11964280\" class=\"wp-caption alignnone\" style=\"max-width: 2000px\">\u003ca href=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2023/10/101023-AI-College-Toby-Reed-LA-CM-17.jpg\">\u003cimg decoding=\"async\" loading=\"lazy\" class=\"size-full wp-image-11964280\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2023/10/101023-AI-College-Toby-Reed-LA-CM-17.jpg\" alt=\"A Black student with long hair leans against a wall.\" width=\"2000\" height=\"1333\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2023/10/101023-AI-College-Toby-Reed-LA-CM-17.jpg 2000w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2023/10/101023-AI-College-Toby-Reed-LA-CM-17-800x533.jpg 800w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2023/10/101023-AI-College-Toby-Reed-LA-CM-17-1020x680.jpg 1020w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2023/10/101023-AI-College-Toby-Reed-LA-CM-17-160x107.jpg 160w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2023/10/101023-AI-College-Toby-Reed-LA-CM-17-1536x1024.jpg 1536w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2023/10/101023-AI-College-Toby-Reed-LA-CM-17-1920x1280.jpg 1920w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 2000px) 100vw, 2000px\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Toby Reed, a senior at Fremont High School in Oakland, on campus on Oct. 10, 2023. \u003ccite>(Laure Andrillon/CalMatters)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>But those stern words lack teeth. The highly selective private university isn’t employing any AI-detection software, a spokesperson wrote.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The University of California and its nine undergraduate campuses permit students to use generative AI in admissions essays in limited form, such as “advice on content and editing,” but “content and final written text must be their own,” \u003ca href=\"https://apply.universityofcalifornia.edu/docs/StatementOfIntegrity.pdf\">its written policy states (PDF)\u003c/a>. Unlike the state’s private campuses, UC operates its own admissions portal.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But the UC Office of the President, which also turned down a CalMatters request for an interview on the topic, wouldn’t specify how it detects whether students relied on AI tools to write their essays. “UC conducts regular screenings to verify the integrity of the responses, may request authentication of the content or writing as the student’s, and will take action when it is determined that the integrity of the response is compromised,” including plagiarism through AI, its guidance states.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Ryan King, a UC spokesperson, suggested students are wasting their effort by relying on AI generative tools, writing “it would be more work for them to try building a strong ChatGPT prompt than it would be to develop their own original responses to the (essay questions).”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Campuses that responded to CalMatters indicated that while generative AI can be a source to spitball ideas, structure an outline and generally shape the essay-writing process, the tools are no match for human voices to communicate nuance and detail how an applicant’s life experiences tie into the various essay questions. There’s also limited room for the banal writing AI tools typically generate — the Common App essay response can’t exceed 650 words while UC’s four essays are capped at 350 words each.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>Pomona College, a highly selective institution that accepts applications through the Common App, has no formal policy on AI use in admissions essays, though its admissions director, Adam Sapp, wrote in an email that the technology is “not very good at nuance, personalization or helping a student communicate in their authentic voice, which is what we’re really looking for when we evaluate an application.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“The value of a 350-word response on topics like leadership, resiliency, or creativity may be diminished if it doesn’t directly reflect a student’s own experiences,” noted UC Riverside’s director of undergraduate admissions, Veronica Zendejas, in email.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Admissions officials at Stanford University and UC Berkeley conveyed similar sentiments.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Zendejas offers practical tips for crafting essay responses, a process that can often cause anxiety in students. She tells prospective students to “write in clear, straightforward prose, much like they would in an interview or a conversation. This approach should alleviate concerns about the need for AI tools to assist in writing their responses.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>University of San Francisco, another Common App partner, won’t use AI detection software for college applications because school officials don’t think it’s necessary. The full picture of a student’s fit on campus comes into view from their grades, letters of recommendation and other aspects of the holistic application review, said Sherie Gilmore-Cleveland, the university’s associate provost who oversees undergraduate admissions.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>After a student’s high school academics, the essay is the second-most important factor in a student’s application, she said. But in her 20-plus years of working in admissions, Gilmore-Cleveland noted, she’s never encountered a case in which a student with weak grades and a strong essay was admitted.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>On the flip side, however, a student with good grades and an awful essay may be rejected from the university if they’re trying to apply for a competitive major. The student may be re-routed to another major, or just be rejected outright — it’s a case-by-case basis, Gilmore-Cleveland said.\u003c/p>\n\u003ch2>Using generative AI is easy\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>But not everyone applying to college is a good writer, said Jeffrey Hancock, a Stanford University \u003ca href=\"https://news.stanford.edu/2023/02/13/will-chatgpt-change-way-think-work/\">professor of communication\u003c/a>, and some students will “probably find that they do better when they use a tool like this.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Hancock said students with no coding experience can train a tool like ChatGPT, especially the latest premium version, to generate strong essays, in a process known as fine-tuning.\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>First, an applicant pastes old essays written by students who were admitted to top colleges into an AI tool, and tells it to analyze them for positive traits. Then, the applicant pastes essays from students who were rejected from schools and prompts the AI to look for patterns to avoid. Along the way, the applicant can also confirm that the AI tool is understanding the task.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Finally, the applicant prompts the tool to generate a rough draft based on those findings.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Hancock co-published a peer-reviewed study in March showing that humans can detect AI-written work \u003ca href=\"https://www.pnas.org/doi/10.1073/pnas.2208839120\">about as accurately as predicting a coin toss\u003c/a> — meaning poorly. And “as you build detectors, the AI gets better,” said Hancock, who anticipates there will soon be an arms race between detection and evasion tools.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>And while generative AI may be the latest cause célèbre, it’s part of a long line of help students have been able to access for decades. Teachers, counselors and family members offer students writing support. So can pricey tutors, who — even if they’re \u003ca href=\"https://slate.com/human-interest/2023/09/college-essay-personal-statement-narrative-common-app.html#:~:text=Hiring%20an%20expensive,and%20editing%20drafts.\">ethically opposed\u003c/a> to writing an essay for a student — can still provide tailored coaching in a way that’s inaccessible to most lower-income students.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The debate over AI use in college applications reflects a larger trend in classrooms. Educators are deciding how to adapt to artificial intelligence, especially as it improves and becomes more ubiquitous. Some districts have yet to address the issue, while others have adopted comprehensive guidelines promoting its benefits and warning of its dangers.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "‘Admissions officers wouldn’t know who they’re accepting. They’d basically be admitting a bot.’",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>The Los Angeles County Office of Education held an AI symposium last summer for hundreds of educators, and is crafting guidelines for the 80 districts it oversees. Despite AI’s obvious risks, the most obvious benefits, according to Gonzalez, are for teachers and administrators: creating lesson plans, making master schedules, tracking student achievement and attendance, writing grant applications and even crafting state-mandated accountability plans.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Christine Elgersma, senior editor for learning content strategy at Common Sense Media, a research and advocacy nonprofit, suggests that schools move forward thoughtfully as they create AI policies and include students in the discussion. Students should understand the ethical implications, the biases that exist in AI algorithms, the potential for misinformation and the privacy risks, she said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Since college essays are so personal, it brings up a question of privacy,” Elgersma said. “For example, pieces of your story could turn up folded into another student’s AI-generated essay.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Students should also understand the value of learning to write, and think, independently, “developing your own ideas and expressing yourself in words, with clarity and profundity and a flair that’s your own,” she said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Tara Sorkhabi, a senior at Monte Vista High School in Danville, said her teachers have been clear in discouraging, if not outright banning, the use of AI for writing assignments. While Sorkhabi has found AI useful in studying chemistry, for example, she does not believe students should use it for college application essays.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Admissions officers wouldn’t know who they’re accepting. They’d basically be admitting a bot,” she said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>She also thinks that allowing AI in college application essays is unfair to students who toil for weeks perfecting their own essays without the help of machines.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Reed, the Fremont High senior, said students who over-rely on AI for writing assignments are ultimately cheating themselves, because they’re not learning valuable skills like research, expression and critical thinking.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“It’s your future,” Reed said, emphasizing that students should take advantage of opportunities to expand their minds, not use short-cuts. “You can’t plagiarize in school. You can’t do it at work. People like AI because it’s quick and easy, but it’s not good.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"title": "From Helping With Homework to Cheating on Tests: How Will ChatGPT Affect Bay Area Students?",
"headTitle": "From Helping With Homework to Cheating on Tests: How Will ChatGPT Affect Bay Area Students? | KQED",
"content": "\u003cp>When Balboa High School teacher Michael Rosenberg first discovered ChatGPT — the AI-powered chatbot that generates human-like answers to questions — a few months ago, he had just assigned an essay to his senior economics class. His prompt asked students to argue in favor of either capitalism or socialism. So, just for fun, he submitted the prompt to the chatbot.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Instantaneously, it spit out, I would say, a C-level college paper, honestly. But I was blown away,” he said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[pullquote size=\"medium\" align=\"right\" citation=\"Michael Rosenberg, teacher, Balboa High School\"]‘I don’t know how the heck you’re going to be able to get a diploma, let alone go on to post-high school, whether it’s community college or university.’[/pullquote]He started to wonder how this new technology would affect his students. Surely, they knew about ChatGPT and its capabilities. But would they resort to plagiarizing an AI robot?\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>So, when the class turned in their final essays, Rosenberg ran them through another AI software, ZeroGPT, that detects AI-generated content. A lot of them were flagged.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Some kids who had been on the very low end of writing all of a sudden [that were] showing me the quality of work that they were showing, it was just like, ‘Wow, this is not you. There’s no way it’s you. Impossible,’” he said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>A few of his students admitted to using ChatGPT to write their essays and were given the chance to rewrite them. But Rosenberg wonders how this new technology — if used improperly — could affect their futures.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11947438\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 800px\">\u003ca href=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2023/04/RS64661_008_KQED_MichaelRosenbergBalboaHS_04202023-qut.jpg\">\u003cimg decoding=\"async\" loading=\"lazy\" class=\"size-medium wp-image-11947438\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2023/04/RS64661_008_KQED_MichaelRosenbergBalboaHS_04202023-qut-800x533.jpg\" alt=\"A man wearing glasses and a black and white shirt that says Bay Area walks around a classroom with students seated and wearing masks.\" width=\"800\" height=\"533\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2023/04/RS64661_008_KQED_MichaelRosenbergBalboaHS_04202023-qut-800x533.jpg 800w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2023/04/RS64661_008_KQED_MichaelRosenbergBalboaHS_04202023-qut-1020x680.jpg 1020w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2023/04/RS64661_008_KQED_MichaelRosenbergBalboaHS_04202023-qut-160x107.jpg 160w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2023/04/RS64661_008_KQED_MichaelRosenbergBalboaHS_04202023-qut-1536x1024.jpg 1536w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2023/04/RS64661_008_KQED_MichaelRosenbergBalboaHS_04202023-qut.jpg 1920w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Michael Rosenberg teaches his fourth period class about American democracy at Balboa High School in San Francisco on April 20, 2023. \u003ccite>(Beth LaBerge/KQED)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>“I don’t know how the heck you’re going to be able to get a diploma, let alone go on to post-high school, whether it’s community college or university,” he said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[aside postID=\"mindshift_60897,mindshift_60780\" label=\"Related Posts\"]High school teachers and administrators everywhere are wondering how to approach this new technology in the classroom. Some schools are \u003ca href=\"https://ny.chalkbeat.org/2023/1/3/23537987/nyc-schools-ban-chatgpt-writing-artificial-intelligence\">banning it outright\u003c/a>, while others are \u003ca href=\"https://stanforddaily.com/2023/01/22/scores-of-stanford-students-used-chatgpt-on-final-exams-survey-suggests/\">switching back to traditional pencil-and-paper exams\u003c/a> to avoid plagiarism.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In an email to KQED, Laura Dudnick, a representative from San Francisco Unified School District, said they do not currently offer any guidance for students regarding ChatGPT.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“As with any changes that may affect the educational space, we will continue to monitor for any updates regarding AI,” wrote Dudnick.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Rosenberg isn’t sure how to proceed and hasn’t received guidance from his school’s administration. He typically assigns a final essay at this point in the school year.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“I’m very nervous about how to do it,” he said. “I probably will not assign that final essay unless we have some very strict parameters in there.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11947437\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 800px\">\u003ca href=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2023/04/RS64554_005_KQED_ChatGPTBalboaHS_04172023-qut.jpg\">\u003cimg decoding=\"async\" loading=\"lazy\" class=\"size-medium wp-image-11947437\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2023/04/RS64554_005_KQED_ChatGPTBalboaHS_04172023-qut-800x533.jpg\" alt=\"A closeup of a laptop screen with text on display.\" width=\"800\" height=\"533\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2023/04/RS64554_005_KQED_ChatGPTBalboaHS_04172023-qut-800x533.jpg 800w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2023/04/RS64554_005_KQED_ChatGPTBalboaHS_04172023-qut-1020x680.jpg 1020w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2023/04/RS64554_005_KQED_ChatGPTBalboaHS_04172023-qut-160x107.jpg 160w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2023/04/RS64554_005_KQED_ChatGPTBalboaHS_04172023-qut-1536x1024.jpg 1536w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2023/04/RS64554_005_KQED_ChatGPTBalboaHS_04172023-qut.jpg 1920w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Balboa High School teacher Michael Rosenberg checks the text from an essay assignment to see how much was generated by AI, at the school in San Francisco on April 17, 2023. The text highlighted in yellow is identified as AI-generated text. \u003ccite>(Beth LaBerge/KQED)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Education experts worry that ChatGPT could hinder the development of reading and writing skills in high schoolers — who are already \u003ca href=\"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2405844021005703\">struggling in the aftermath of the COVID-19 pandemic\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“I may actually not be ready for college, or the level of writing that college is asking of me, if I have been only using this tool to do my writing in high school,” said \u003ca href=\"https://bse.berkeley.edu/frank-c-worrell\">Frank Worrell\u003c/a>, professor of school psychology at UC Berkeley’s School of Education.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But the implications aren’t all bad, he said. In fact, for some students, ChatGPT could actually act as a learning tool.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“For students with learning disabilities in writing, ChatGPT is a wonderful tool for them because this is an area in which they are particularly challenged,” he said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>For example, Worrell said, teachers could assign an essay prompt and have students simultaneously submit the prompt to ChatGPT. “And then, as part of the lesson, compare where ChatGPT is stronger, where you are stronger. And that way, students get to learn how to use it and learn the limitations of it,” he said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11947440\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 800px\">\u003ca href=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2023/04/RS64671_017_KQED_MichaelRosenbergBalboaHS_04202023-qut.jpg\">\u003cimg decoding=\"async\" loading=\"lazy\" class=\"size-medium wp-image-11947440\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2023/04/RS64671_017_KQED_MichaelRosenbergBalboaHS_04202023-qut-800x533.jpg\" alt=\"Students wearing masks and seated a tables write on pieces of paper in a classroom.\" width=\"800\" height=\"533\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2023/04/RS64671_017_KQED_MichaelRosenbergBalboaHS_04202023-qut-800x533.jpg 800w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2023/04/RS64671_017_KQED_MichaelRosenbergBalboaHS_04202023-qut-1020x680.jpg 1020w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2023/04/RS64671_017_KQED_MichaelRosenbergBalboaHS_04202023-qut-160x107.jpg 160w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2023/04/RS64671_017_KQED_MichaelRosenbergBalboaHS_04202023-qut-1536x1024.jpg 1536w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2023/04/RS64671_017_KQED_MichaelRosenbergBalboaHS_04202023-qut.jpg 1920w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Students work on a written assignment in Michael Rosenberg’s American democracy class at Balboa High School in San Francisco on April 20, 2023. \u003ccite>(Beth LaBerge/KQED)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>And while teachers are figuring out how the technology can be used for good in the classroom, some Bay Area students are finding creative ways the software can help advance their learning.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“One of my friends was telling me that they were studying for a quiz and they put in some information about what the test was going to be on, and ChatGPT spit out like a bunch of mock questions,” said Maya Bhatt, a high school junior in Danville.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Bhatt herself is passionate about writing, for which she said ChatGPT isn’t particularly helpful.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“I actually found that [ChatGPT’s] writing lacked a lot of emotion,” she said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>She said her teachers haven’t communicated with her or her classmates about ChatGPT, and she wishes they would lay down some expectations and parameters.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Having that conversation with the teacher in an open manner, you know, not so much, like, ‘Never use it, like, what are you doing, don’t use that,’” she said. Instead, she wants acknowledgement of the technology and advice on how to use it from her teachers.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Worrell agrees that teachers and staff should engage in an open dialogue with their students. That promotes trust within a school, which, he said, is critical to its functionality.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Students need to like their teachers to believe in their teachers. Teachers need to believe in their students. Teachers and administrators need to believe in each other. When they do not, the whole schooling enterprise falls apart,” he said.\u003c/p>\n\n",
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"excerpt": "Bay Area students are experimenting with the new artificial intelligence software in different ways, for better or worse.",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>When Balboa High School teacher Michael Rosenberg first discovered ChatGPT — the AI-powered chatbot that generates human-like answers to questions — a few months ago, he had just assigned an essay to his senior economics class. His prompt asked students to argue in favor of either capitalism or socialism. So, just for fun, he submitted the prompt to the chatbot.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Instantaneously, it spit out, I would say, a C-level college paper, honestly. But I was blown away,” he said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "‘I don’t know how the heck you’re going to be able to get a diploma, let alone go on to post-high school, whether it’s community college or university.’",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>He started to wonder how this new technology would affect his students. Surely, they knew about ChatGPT and its capabilities. But would they resort to plagiarizing an AI robot?\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>So, when the class turned in their final essays, Rosenberg ran them through another AI software, ZeroGPT, that detects AI-generated content. A lot of them were flagged.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Some kids who had been on the very low end of writing all of a sudden [that were] showing me the quality of work that they were showing, it was just like, ‘Wow, this is not you. There’s no way it’s you. Impossible,’” he said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>A few of his students admitted to using ChatGPT to write their essays and were given the chance to rewrite them. But Rosenberg wonders how this new technology — if used improperly — could affect their futures.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11947438\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 800px\">\u003ca href=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2023/04/RS64661_008_KQED_MichaelRosenbergBalboaHS_04202023-qut.jpg\">\u003cimg decoding=\"async\" loading=\"lazy\" class=\"size-medium wp-image-11947438\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2023/04/RS64661_008_KQED_MichaelRosenbergBalboaHS_04202023-qut-800x533.jpg\" alt=\"A man wearing glasses and a black and white shirt that says Bay Area walks around a classroom with students seated and wearing masks.\" width=\"800\" height=\"533\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2023/04/RS64661_008_KQED_MichaelRosenbergBalboaHS_04202023-qut-800x533.jpg 800w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2023/04/RS64661_008_KQED_MichaelRosenbergBalboaHS_04202023-qut-1020x680.jpg 1020w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2023/04/RS64661_008_KQED_MichaelRosenbergBalboaHS_04202023-qut-160x107.jpg 160w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2023/04/RS64661_008_KQED_MichaelRosenbergBalboaHS_04202023-qut-1536x1024.jpg 1536w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2023/04/RS64661_008_KQED_MichaelRosenbergBalboaHS_04202023-qut.jpg 1920w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Michael Rosenberg teaches his fourth period class about American democracy at Balboa High School in San Francisco on April 20, 2023. \u003ccite>(Beth LaBerge/KQED)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>“I don’t know how the heck you’re going to be able to get a diploma, let alone go on to post-high school, whether it’s community college or university,” he said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>High school teachers and administrators everywhere are wondering how to approach this new technology in the classroom. Some schools are \u003ca href=\"https://ny.chalkbeat.org/2023/1/3/23537987/nyc-schools-ban-chatgpt-writing-artificial-intelligence\">banning it outright\u003c/a>, while others are \u003ca href=\"https://stanforddaily.com/2023/01/22/scores-of-stanford-students-used-chatgpt-on-final-exams-survey-suggests/\">switching back to traditional pencil-and-paper exams\u003c/a> to avoid plagiarism.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In an email to KQED, Laura Dudnick, a representative from San Francisco Unified School District, said they do not currently offer any guidance for students regarding ChatGPT.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“As with any changes that may affect the educational space, we will continue to monitor for any updates regarding AI,” wrote Dudnick.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Rosenberg isn’t sure how to proceed and hasn’t received guidance from his school’s administration. He typically assigns a final essay at this point in the school year.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“I’m very nervous about how to do it,” he said. “I probably will not assign that final essay unless we have some very strict parameters in there.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11947437\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 800px\">\u003ca href=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2023/04/RS64554_005_KQED_ChatGPTBalboaHS_04172023-qut.jpg\">\u003cimg decoding=\"async\" loading=\"lazy\" class=\"size-medium wp-image-11947437\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2023/04/RS64554_005_KQED_ChatGPTBalboaHS_04172023-qut-800x533.jpg\" alt=\"A closeup of a laptop screen with text on display.\" width=\"800\" height=\"533\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2023/04/RS64554_005_KQED_ChatGPTBalboaHS_04172023-qut-800x533.jpg 800w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2023/04/RS64554_005_KQED_ChatGPTBalboaHS_04172023-qut-1020x680.jpg 1020w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2023/04/RS64554_005_KQED_ChatGPTBalboaHS_04172023-qut-160x107.jpg 160w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2023/04/RS64554_005_KQED_ChatGPTBalboaHS_04172023-qut-1536x1024.jpg 1536w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2023/04/RS64554_005_KQED_ChatGPTBalboaHS_04172023-qut.jpg 1920w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Balboa High School teacher Michael Rosenberg checks the text from an essay assignment to see how much was generated by AI, at the school in San Francisco on April 17, 2023. The text highlighted in yellow is identified as AI-generated text. \u003ccite>(Beth LaBerge/KQED)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Education experts worry that ChatGPT could hinder the development of reading and writing skills in high schoolers — who are already \u003ca href=\"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2405844021005703\">struggling in the aftermath of the COVID-19 pandemic\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“I may actually not be ready for college, or the level of writing that college is asking of me, if I have been only using this tool to do my writing in high school,” said \u003ca href=\"https://bse.berkeley.edu/frank-c-worrell\">Frank Worrell\u003c/a>, professor of school psychology at UC Berkeley’s School of Education.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But the implications aren’t all bad, he said. In fact, for some students, ChatGPT could actually act as a learning tool.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“For students with learning disabilities in writing, ChatGPT is a wonderful tool for them because this is an area in which they are particularly challenged,” he said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>For example, Worrell said, teachers could assign an essay prompt and have students simultaneously submit the prompt to ChatGPT. “And then, as part of the lesson, compare where ChatGPT is stronger, where you are stronger. And that way, students get to learn how to use it and learn the limitations of it,” he said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11947440\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 800px\">\u003ca href=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2023/04/RS64671_017_KQED_MichaelRosenbergBalboaHS_04202023-qut.jpg\">\u003cimg decoding=\"async\" loading=\"lazy\" class=\"size-medium wp-image-11947440\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2023/04/RS64671_017_KQED_MichaelRosenbergBalboaHS_04202023-qut-800x533.jpg\" alt=\"Students wearing masks and seated a tables write on pieces of paper in a classroom.\" width=\"800\" height=\"533\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2023/04/RS64671_017_KQED_MichaelRosenbergBalboaHS_04202023-qut-800x533.jpg 800w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2023/04/RS64671_017_KQED_MichaelRosenbergBalboaHS_04202023-qut-1020x680.jpg 1020w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2023/04/RS64671_017_KQED_MichaelRosenbergBalboaHS_04202023-qut-160x107.jpg 160w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2023/04/RS64671_017_KQED_MichaelRosenbergBalboaHS_04202023-qut-1536x1024.jpg 1536w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2023/04/RS64671_017_KQED_MichaelRosenbergBalboaHS_04202023-qut.jpg 1920w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Students work on a written assignment in Michael Rosenberg’s American democracy class at Balboa High School in San Francisco on April 20, 2023. \u003ccite>(Beth LaBerge/KQED)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>And while teachers are figuring out how the technology can be used for good in the classroom, some Bay Area students are finding creative ways the software can help advance their learning.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“One of my friends was telling me that they were studying for a quiz and they put in some information about what the test was going to be on, and ChatGPT spit out like a bunch of mock questions,” said Maya Bhatt, a high school junior in Danville.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Bhatt herself is passionate about writing, for which she said ChatGPT isn’t particularly helpful.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“I actually found that [ChatGPT’s] writing lacked a lot of emotion,” she said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>She said her teachers haven’t communicated with her or her classmates about ChatGPT, and she wishes they would lay down some expectations and parameters.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Having that conversation with the teacher in an open manner, you know, not so much, like, ‘Never use it, like, what are you doing, don’t use that,’” she said. Instead, she wants acknowledgement of the technology and advice on how to use it from her teachers.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Worrell agrees that teachers and staff should engage in an open dialogue with their students. That promotes trust within a school, which, he said, is critical to its functionality.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Students need to like their teachers to believe in their teachers. Teachers need to believe in their students. Teachers and administrators need to believe in each other. When they do not, the whole schooling enterprise falls apart,” he said.\u003c/p>\n\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>",
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"disqusTitle": "Instagram to Flag Hateful Comments Before You Send Them",
"title": "Instagram to Flag Hateful Comments Before You Send Them",
"headTitle": "NPR | KQED News",
"content": "\u003cp>Instagram is rolling out a feature that will urge users to think twice before posting hateful comments, in an effort to minimize cyberbullying on the massive social media platform.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The new feature uses artificial intelligence to screen content and notify users if their post may be harmful or offensive. Users will see a message: \"Are you sure you want to post this?\" They will then have the option to remove or change the comment before anyone else is able to see it. \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[aside label=\"Hate Speech Online\" tag=\"hate-speech\"]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Early tests of this feature found that some users are less likely to post harmful comments once they've had a chance to reflect on their post, Instagram chief Adam Mosseri wrote \u003ca href=\"https://instagram-press.com/blog/2019/07/08/our-commitment-to-lead-the-fight-against-online-bullying/\">in a blog post\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Gmail has a similar feature that gives users 30 seconds to \u003ca href=\"https://www.npr.org/sections/thetwo-way/2015/06/24/417117823/gmail-now-features-a-way-to-ease-senders-remorse\">cancel an email\u003c/a> after pressing send.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Other social media platforms have made attempts to monitor the type of content allowed on their platforms. \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Twitter has started to flag hateful or \u003ca href=\"https://www.npr.org/2019/06/27/736668003/twitter-adds-warning-label-for-offensive-political-tweets\">offensive tweets from politicians\u003c/a>, and \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/news/11759935/twitter-bans-dehumanizing-speech-toward-religious-groups-but-not-racial-groups-yet\" rel=\"noopener\" target=\"_blank\">on Tuesday announced\u003c/a> it will now prohibit hate speech targeting religious groups by using dehumanizing language, a ban it says may extend to other categories like race and gender. Facebook has \u003ca href=\"https://www.npr.org/2019/05/03/719897599/facebook-bans-alex-jones-louis-farrakhan-and-other-dangerous-individuals\">banned some white supremacists\u003c/a> and other accounts for hateful or offensive posts. But there is no hard-and-fast rule for what these platforms are expected to restrict.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Monitoring harmful content on social media is challenging. Justin Patchin, co-director of the Cyberbullying Research Center, says he works with different platforms that are trying to find a solution to this problem.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>With massive amounts of content being created every second, Instagram is just one of the companies attempting to use AI to monitor posts. Both Facebook and Twitter have tried to use the technology in the past. But AI monitoring comes with challenges, and the algorithms often have a hard time interpreting slang and the nuances in different languages.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Instagram's latest feature is different from previous attempts by big social platforms to prevent cyberbullying because it uses AI to warn users but ultimately allows them to make the decision on what to post. \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"The transparency here is helpful to those who have wondered why these big social media companies aren't doing more technologically to address bullying,\" Patchin said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Instagram is the first big platform to try this method of preventing hateful content from circulating in its app. However, it's a similar concept to the app created by Trisha Prabhu in 2013. The then 13-year-old created a social platform called \u003ca href=\"http://www.rethinkwords.com/whatisrethink\">ReThink\u003c/a>, which also alerts users when their message may be offensive. ReThink was\u003ca href=\"https://abcnews.go.com/Lifestyle/15-year-olds-rethink-app-aims-prevent-cyberbullying/story?id=33329748\"> praised for its innovation\u003c/a>, but Patchin says solutions need to be incorporated into already widely trafficked platforms to be the most effective.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Patchin says these big social companies are moving in the right direction and are getting closer to finding a method for monitoring harmful content and cyberbullying.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"Companies have devoted a lot of energy to refining these systems, and they're getting better every year,\" he said. \"They do have a responsibility and obligation to lead the way and at least experiment with these kinds of technologies.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Instagram has plans to continue beefing up its safety features and will soon introduce a \"restrict\" feature, which allows users to filter content from specific accounts without blocking them. Instagram's Mosseri wrote in the blog post that the company decided to add that feature after users said they were worried that blocking accounts that were posting offensive comments on their page would lead to retaliation. \u003c/p>\n\u003cdiv class=\"fullattribution\">Copyright 2019 NPR. To see more, visit \u003ca href=\"https://www.npr.org\" rel=\"noopener\" target=\"_blank\">NPR.org\u003c/a>.\u003cimg src=\"https://www.google-analytics.com/__utm.gif?utmac=UA-5828686-4&utmdt=Instagram+To+Flag+Hateful+Comments+Before+You+Send+Them&utme=8(APIKey)9(MDAxOTAwOTE4MDEyMTkxMDAzNjczZDljZA004)\">\u003c/div>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>Instagram is rolling out a feature that will urge users to think twice before posting hateful comments, in an effort to minimize cyberbullying on the massive social media platform.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The new feature uses artificial intelligence to screen content and notify users if their post may be harmful or offensive. Users will see a message: \"Are you sure you want to post this?\" They will then have the option to remove or change the comment before anyone else is able to see it. \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Early tests of this feature found that some users are less likely to post harmful comments once they've had a chance to reflect on their post, Instagram chief Adam Mosseri wrote \u003ca href=\"https://instagram-press.com/blog/2019/07/08/our-commitment-to-lead-the-fight-against-online-bullying/\">in a blog post\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Gmail has a similar feature that gives users 30 seconds to \u003ca href=\"https://www.npr.org/sections/thetwo-way/2015/06/24/417117823/gmail-now-features-a-way-to-ease-senders-remorse\">cancel an email\u003c/a> after pressing send.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Other social media platforms have made attempts to monitor the type of content allowed on their platforms. \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Twitter has started to flag hateful or \u003ca href=\"https://www.npr.org/2019/06/27/736668003/twitter-adds-warning-label-for-offensive-political-tweets\">offensive tweets from politicians\u003c/a>, and \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/news/11759935/twitter-bans-dehumanizing-speech-toward-religious-groups-but-not-racial-groups-yet\" rel=\"noopener\" target=\"_blank\">on Tuesday announced\u003c/a> it will now prohibit hate speech targeting religious groups by using dehumanizing language, a ban it says may extend to other categories like race and gender. Facebook has \u003ca href=\"https://www.npr.org/2019/05/03/719897599/facebook-bans-alex-jones-louis-farrakhan-and-other-dangerous-individuals\">banned some white supremacists\u003c/a> and other accounts for hateful or offensive posts. But there is no hard-and-fast rule for what these platforms are expected to restrict.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Monitoring harmful content on social media is challenging. Justin Patchin, co-director of the Cyberbullying Research Center, says he works with different platforms that are trying to find a solution to this problem.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>With massive amounts of content being created every second, Instagram is just one of the companies attempting to use AI to monitor posts. Both Facebook and Twitter have tried to use the technology in the past. But AI monitoring comes with challenges, and the algorithms often have a hard time interpreting slang and the nuances in different languages.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Instagram's latest feature is different from previous attempts by big social platforms to prevent cyberbullying because it uses AI to warn users but ultimately allows them to make the decision on what to post. \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"The transparency here is helpful to those who have wondered why these big social media companies aren't doing more technologically to address bullying,\" Patchin said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Instagram is the first big platform to try this method of preventing hateful content from circulating in its app. However, it's a similar concept to the app created by Trisha Prabhu in 2013. The then 13-year-old created a social platform called \u003ca href=\"http://www.rethinkwords.com/whatisrethink\">ReThink\u003c/a>, which also alerts users when their message may be offensive. ReThink was\u003ca href=\"https://abcnews.go.com/Lifestyle/15-year-olds-rethink-app-aims-prevent-cyberbullying/story?id=33329748\"> praised for its innovation\u003c/a>, but Patchin says solutions need to be incorporated into already widely trafficked platforms to be the most effective.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Patchin says these big social companies are moving in the right direction and are getting closer to finding a method for monitoring harmful content and cyberbullying.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"Companies have devoted a lot of energy to refining these systems, and they're getting better every year,\" he said. \"They do have a responsibility and obligation to lead the way and at least experiment with these kinds of technologies.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Instagram has plans to continue beefing up its safety features and will soon introduce a \"restrict\" feature, which allows users to filter content from specific accounts without blocking them. Instagram's Mosseri wrote in the blog post that the company decided to add that feature after users said they were worried that blocking accounts that were posting offensive comments on their page would lead to retaliation. \u003c/p>\n\u003cdiv class=\"fullattribution\">Copyright 2019 NPR. To see more, visit \u003ca href=\"https://www.npr.org\" rel=\"noopener\" target=\"_blank\">NPR.org\u003c/a>.\u003cimg src=\"https://www.google-analytics.com/__utm.gif?utmac=UA-5828686-4&utmdt=Instagram+To+Flag+Hateful+Comments+Before+You+Send+Them&utme=8(APIKey)9(MDAxOTAwOTE4MDEyMTkxMDAzNjczZDljZA004)\">\u003c/div>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>",
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"disqusTitle": "Tech Giants' Initiatives to Address AI Ethics Concerns Under Scrutiny",
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"content": "\u003cp>The biggest tech companies want you to know that they're taking special care to ensure that their use of artificial intelligence to sift through mountains of data, analyze faces or build virtual assistants doesn't spill over to the dark side.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But their efforts to assuage concerns that their machines may be used for nefarious ends have not been universally embraced. Some skeptics see it as mere window dressing by corporations more interested in profit than what's in society's best interests.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"Ethical AI\" has become a new corporate buzz phrase, slapped on internal review committees, fancy job titles, research projects and philanthropic initiatives.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The moves are meant to address concerns over racial and gender bias emerging in facial recognition and other AI systems, as well as address anxieties about job losses to the technology and its use by law enforcement and the military.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But how much substance lies behind the increasingly public ethics campaigns? And who gets to decide which technological pursuits do no harm?\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Google was hit with both questions when it formed a new board of outside advisers in late March to help guide how it uses AI in products. But instead of winning over potential critics, it sparked internal rancor.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>A little more than a week later, Google bowed to pressure from the backlash and dissolved the council.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The outside board fell apart in stages. One of the board's eight inaugural members quit within days and another quickly became the target of protests from Google employees who said her conservative views don't align with the company's professed values.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>As thousands of employees called for the removal of Heritage Foundation President Kay Coles James, Google \u003ca href=\"https://www.forbes.com/sites/jilliandonfro/2019/04/04/google-cancels-its-ai-ethics-board-less-than-two-weeks-after-launch-in-the-wake-of-employee-protest/#1f0aeb396e28\" rel=\"noopener\" target=\"_blank\">disbanded the board\u003c/a> last week.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Employees said James has made past comments that were anti-trans and anti-immigrant and should not be on an ethics panel. The Heritage Foundation did not respond to a request for comment.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[pullquote citation='Ben Wagner, AI researcher'] \"It's basically an attempt to pretend like you're doing ethical things and using ethics as a tool to reach an end, like avoiding regulation.\" [/pullquote]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"It's become clear that in the current environment, (the council) can't function as we wanted,\" the company said in a statement. That environment is one of increasing concern that the corporate AI ethics campaigns lack teeth.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"I think (Google's decision) reflects a broader public understanding that ethics involves more than just creating an ethics board without an institutional framework to provide for accountability,\" AI researcher Ben Wagner said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Google's original initiative fell into a tech industry trend that Wagner calls \"ethics-washing,\" which he describes as a superficial effort that's mostly a show for the public or lawmakers.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"It's basically an attempt to pretend like you're doing ethical things and using ethics as a tool to reach an end, like avoiding regulation,\" said Wagner, an assistant professor at the Vienna University of Economics and Business. \"It's a new form of self-regulation without calling it that by name.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Big companies have made an increasingly visible effort to discuss their AI efforts in recent years.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Microsoft, which often tries to position itself as an industry leader on ethics and privacy issues, published its principles around developing AI, released a short book that discussed the societal implications of the technology and has called for some government regulation of AI technologies.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The company's president even met with Pope Francis earlier this year to discuss industry ethics. Amazon recently announced it is helping fund federal research into \"algorithmic fairness,\" and Salesforce employs an \"architect\" for ethical AI practice, as well as a \"chief ethical and human use\" officer. It's hard to find a brand-name tech firm without similar initiatives.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>It's a good thing that companies are studying the issue and seeking perspectives on industry ethics, said Oren Etzioni, CEO of the Allen Institute for Artificial Intelligence, a research organization.[aside tag='technology, AI' label='The Future of Tech']\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But ultimately, he said, a company's CEO is tasked with deciding what suggestions on AI ethics to incorporate in business decisions.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"I think overall it's a positive step rather than a fig leaf,\" he said. \"That said, the proof is in successful implementation. I think the jury is still out on that.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The impact artificial intelligence can have on society has never been more clear, Etzioni said, and companies are reacting to studies about the power of recommendation algorithms and gender bias in AI.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But as Google's attempt shows, discussing the issues in the public eye also invites public scrutiny.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Google employees have had more success than other tech workers at demanding change at their company.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The internet search behemoth dropped a contract with the Pentagon after employees pushed back on the ethical implications of using the company's AI technology to analyze drone video.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>And after more than 2,400 Google employees signed a petition calling for James to be taken off the board, Google scrapped the board altogether.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Google had also faced dissent from its chosen councilmembers. Alessandro Acquisti, a professor at Carnegie Mellon University, \u003ca href=\"https://twitter.com/ssnstudy/status/1112099099124350976\" rel=\"noopener\" target=\"_blank\">announced on Twitter\u003c/a> he was declining the invitation.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>https://twitter.com/ssnstudy/status/1112099054551515138\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>He wrote that he is devoted to grappling fairness and inclusion in AI, but this was not the \"the right forum for me to engage in this important work.\" He declined to comment further.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>One expert who had committed to staying on the council is Joanna Bryson, associate professor in computing at the University of Bath.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>A self-described liberal, she said before the dissolution that it makes sense to have political diversity on the panel, and she didn't agree with those who think it's just for show.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"I just don't think Google is that stupid,\" Bryson said. \"I don't think they're there just to have a poster on a wall.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>She said, however, that companies like Google and Microsoft do have a real concern about liability — meaning they want to make sure they show themselves, and the public, that they've tried their best to build products the right way before releasing them.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"It's not just the right thing to do, it's the thing they need to do,\" she said. Bryson said she was hopeful Google actually wanted to brainstorm hard problems and should find another way to do so after the council dissolved.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>It's unclear what Google will do next. The company said its \"going back to the drawing board\" and would find other ways of getting outside opinions.[pullquote align='left' citation='Joanna Bryson, University of Bath associate professor'] \"It's not just the right thing to do, it's the thing they need to do.\" [/pullquote]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Wagner said now would be the time for Google to set up ethics principles that include commitments they must stick to, external oversight and other checkpoints to hold them accountable.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Even if companies keep setting up external boards to oversee AI responsibility, government regulation will still be needed, said Liz O'Sullivan, a tech worker who left AI company Clarifai over the company's work in the Pentagon's Project Maven — the same project that Google dropped after its employees protested.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>O'Sullivan is wary of boards that can make suggestions that companies are under no legal obligation to stick to.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad floatright]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"Every company of that size that states they're interested in having some sort of oversight that has no ability or authority to restrict or restrain company behavior seems like they're doing it for the press of it all,\" she said.\u003c/p>\n\n",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>The biggest tech companies want you to know that they're taking special care to ensure that their use of artificial intelligence to sift through mountains of data, analyze faces or build virtual assistants doesn't spill over to the dark side.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But their efforts to assuage concerns that their machines may be used for nefarious ends have not been universally embraced. Some skeptics see it as mere window dressing by corporations more interested in profit than what's in society's best interests.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"Ethical AI\" has become a new corporate buzz phrase, slapped on internal review committees, fancy job titles, research projects and philanthropic initiatives.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The moves are meant to address concerns over racial and gender bias emerging in facial recognition and other AI systems, as well as address anxieties about job losses to the technology and its use by law enforcement and the military.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But how much substance lies behind the increasingly public ethics campaigns? And who gets to decide which technological pursuits do no harm?\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Google was hit with both questions when it formed a new board of outside advisers in late March to help guide how it uses AI in products. But instead of winning over potential critics, it sparked internal rancor.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>A little more than a week later, Google bowed to pressure from the backlash and dissolved the council.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The outside board fell apart in stages. One of the board's eight inaugural members quit within days and another quickly became the target of protests from Google employees who said her conservative views don't align with the company's professed values.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>As thousands of employees called for the removal of Heritage Foundation President Kay Coles James, Google \u003ca href=\"https://www.forbes.com/sites/jilliandonfro/2019/04/04/google-cancels-its-ai-ethics-board-less-than-two-weeks-after-launch-in-the-wake-of-employee-protest/#1f0aeb396e28\" rel=\"noopener\" target=\"_blank\">disbanded the board\u003c/a> last week.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Employees said James has made past comments that were anti-trans and anti-immigrant and should not be on an ethics panel. The Heritage Foundation did not respond to a request for comment.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"It's become clear that in the current environment, (the council) can't function as we wanted,\" the company said in a statement. That environment is one of increasing concern that the corporate AI ethics campaigns lack teeth.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"I think (Google's decision) reflects a broader public understanding that ethics involves more than just creating an ethics board without an institutional framework to provide for accountability,\" AI researcher Ben Wagner said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Google's original initiative fell into a tech industry trend that Wagner calls \"ethics-washing,\" which he describes as a superficial effort that's mostly a show for the public or lawmakers.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"It's basically an attempt to pretend like you're doing ethical things and using ethics as a tool to reach an end, like avoiding regulation,\" said Wagner, an assistant professor at the Vienna University of Economics and Business. \"It's a new form of self-regulation without calling it that by name.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Big companies have made an increasingly visible effort to discuss their AI efforts in recent years.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Microsoft, which often tries to position itself as an industry leader on ethics and privacy issues, published its principles around developing AI, released a short book that discussed the societal implications of the technology and has called for some government regulation of AI technologies.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The company's president even met with Pope Francis earlier this year to discuss industry ethics. Amazon recently announced it is helping fund federal research into \"algorithmic fairness,\" and Salesforce employs an \"architect\" for ethical AI practice, as well as a \"chief ethical and human use\" officer. It's hard to find a brand-name tech firm without similar initiatives.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>It's a good thing that companies are studying the issue and seeking perspectives on industry ethics, said Oren Etzioni, CEO of the Allen Institute for Artificial Intelligence, a research organization.\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But ultimately, he said, a company's CEO is tasked with deciding what suggestions on AI ethics to incorporate in business decisions.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"I think overall it's a positive step rather than a fig leaf,\" he said. \"That said, the proof is in successful implementation. I think the jury is still out on that.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The impact artificial intelligence can have on society has never been more clear, Etzioni said, and companies are reacting to studies about the power of recommendation algorithms and gender bias in AI.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But as Google's attempt shows, discussing the issues in the public eye also invites public scrutiny.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Google employees have had more success than other tech workers at demanding change at their company.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The internet search behemoth dropped a contract with the Pentagon after employees pushed back on the ethical implications of using the company's AI technology to analyze drone video.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>And after more than 2,400 Google employees signed a petition calling for James to be taken off the board, Google scrapped the board altogether.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Google had also faced dissent from its chosen councilmembers. Alessandro Acquisti, a professor at Carnegie Mellon University, \u003ca href=\"https://twitter.com/ssnstudy/status/1112099099124350976\" rel=\"noopener\" target=\"_blank\">announced on Twitter\u003c/a> he was declining the invitation.\u003c/p>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\n\u003cp>He wrote that he is devoted to grappling fairness and inclusion in AI, but this was not the \"the right forum for me to engage in this important work.\" He declined to comment further.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>One expert who had committed to staying on the council is Joanna Bryson, associate professor in computing at the University of Bath.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>A self-described liberal, she said before the dissolution that it makes sense to have political diversity on the panel, and she didn't agree with those who think it's just for show.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"I just don't think Google is that stupid,\" Bryson said. \"I don't think they're there just to have a poster on a wall.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>She said, however, that companies like Google and Microsoft do have a real concern about liability — meaning they want to make sure they show themselves, and the public, that they've tried their best to build products the right way before releasing them.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"It's not just the right thing to do, it's the thing they need to do,\" she said. Bryson said she was hopeful Google actually wanted to brainstorm hard problems and should find another way to do so after the council dissolved.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>It's unclear what Google will do next. The company said its \"going back to the drawing board\" and would find other ways of getting outside opinions.\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Wagner said now would be the time for Google to set up ethics principles that include commitments they must stick to, external oversight and other checkpoints to hold them accountable.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Even if companies keep setting up external boards to oversee AI responsibility, government regulation will still be needed, said Liz O'Sullivan, a tech worker who left AI company Clarifai over the company's work in the Pentagon's Project Maven — the same project that Google dropped after its employees protested.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>O'Sullivan is wary of boards that can make suggestions that companies are under no legal obligation to stick to.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"Every company of that size that states they're interested in having some sort of oversight that has no ability or authority to restrict or restrain company behavior seems like they're doing it for the press of it all,\" she said.\u003c/p>\n\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>",
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"disqusTitle": "Optimized Prime: How AI and Anticipation Power Amazon's 1-Hour Deliveries",
"title": "Optimized Prime: How AI and Anticipation Power Amazon's 1-Hour Deliveries",
"headTitle": "The California Report | KQED News",
"content": "\u003cp>By the time someone clicks \"buy\" on Amazon, Jenny Freshwater's team has probably expected it.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Freshwater is a software director in Amazon's Supply Chain Optimization Technologies group. Her team forecasts demand for everything sold by Amazon worldwide.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>This task, into which NPR got exclusive insight, underlies the entire Amazon retail operation. And it's central to Amazon's wooing of some 100 million people who shell out up to $119 a year for a Prime subscription, which guarantees two-day shipping.\u003c/p>\n\u003caside class=\"alignright\">\n\u003cul>\n\u003cli>\u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/news/11491029/warehouses-promise-jobs-but-what-happens-when-the-robots-come\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Warehouses Promise Jobs, But What Happens When the Robots Come?\u003c/a>\u003c/li>\n\u003c/ul>\n\u003c/aside>\n\u003cp>Inside Amazon, corporate executives like to evoke magic when they talk about fast delivery. For months, they used the code name Houdini before launching their fastest service, Prime Now, which delivers household basics within hours.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But a lot of it is thanks to artificial intelligence. With AI, computers analyze reams of data, making decisions and performing tasks that typically require human intelligence. AI is key to Amazon's retail forecasting on steroids and its push to shave off minutes and seconds in the rush to prepare, pack and deliver.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"It goes beyond just being able to forecast we need 100 blouses,\" Freshwater says. \"We need to be able to determine how many do we expect our customers to buy across the sizes, and the colors. And then ... where do we actually put the product so that our customers can get it when they click 'buy.' \"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>That's a key element to how Amazon speeds up deliveries: The team predicts exactly where those blouses should be stocked so that they are as close as possible to the people who will buy them.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>(Note: Amazon is one of NPR's financial supporters.)\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>This process is even more essential now that the race is on for same-day and even same-hour delivery. Few other retailers have ventured into these speeds, because they're very expensive. And few rely quite so much on AI to control costs while expanding.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11707806\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 1920px\">\u003ca href=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2018/11/dsc1608_slide-fb3115386dffa8ab64c702cdf22e6175d9b6ab74.jpg\">\u003cimg class=\"wp-image-11707806\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2018/11/dsc1608_slide-fb3115386dffa8ab64c702cdf22e6175d9b6ab74.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"1920\" height=\"1279\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2018/11/dsc1608_slide-fb3115386dffa8ab64c702cdf22e6175d9b6ab74.jpg 2997w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2018/11/dsc1608_slide-fb3115386dffa8ab64c702cdf22e6175d9b6ab74-160x107.jpg 160w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2018/11/dsc1608_slide-fb3115386dffa8ab64c702cdf22e6175d9b6ab74-800x533.jpg 800w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2018/11/dsc1608_slide-fb3115386dffa8ab64c702cdf22e6175d9b6ab74-1020x679.jpg 1020w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2018/11/dsc1608_slide-fb3115386dffa8ab64c702cdf22e6175d9b6ab74-1200x799.jpg 1200w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2018/11/dsc1608_slide-fb3115386dffa8ab64c702cdf22e6175d9b6ab74-1920x1279.jpg 1920w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 1920px) 100vw, 1920px\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Amazon boxes are scanned on conveyor belts. AI systems keep track of all items in the warehouses, which can be as vast as 1 million square feet. \u003ccite>(Claire Harbage/NPR)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Both AI and forecasting are not unique to Amazon. All retail stores work hard to prepare, for example, for seasonal or weather-related demand. And all major retail companies have their own algorithms, automated warehouses and delivery tricks.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But it was Amazon Prime that got Americans hooked on two-day shipping, which shoppers now take for granted. Walmart, Target and many others now offer two-day deliveries even without membership fees.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>While all large online retailers rely on AI, \"Amazon definitely has the most powerful tools for all the little computational processes involved in moving the packages through many suppliers, routes of transit and all the steps that a package goes through,\" says Mike Liebhold, a senior tech researcher at the Institute for the Future.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Indeed, AI is woven through every part of an Amazon purchase, from the website to the warehouses to the actual delivery to your doorstep. In corporate lingo, Amazon calls that the \"first mile,\" \"middle mile\" and \"last mile.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Forecasting for the \"first mile\"\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In 2013, Amazon got \u003ca href=\"http://pdfpiw.uspto.gov/.piw?Docid=08615473&homeurl=http%3A%2F%2Fpatft.uspto.gov%2Fnetacgi%2Fnph-Parser%3FSect1%3DPTO2%2526Sect2%3DHITOFF%2526p%3D1%2526u%3D%25252Fnetahtml%25252FPTO%25252Fsearch-bool.html\">a patent\u003c/a> for so-called anticipatory shipping. The idea was to get your order as close as possible to your address before you actually click buy.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Since then, Amazon has built a massive warehousing footprint around the country. And it's been adding smaller warehouses closer to city centers where Prime Now promotes super-fast delivery options. It's also using Whole Foods locations for faster access to groceries and basic pickups.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Amazon regularly tests what new products people might want with extra-fast shipping, says Cem Sibay, who runs Amazon Prime in North America. \"If you see customers consistently trying to select for same-day delivery, then the next step is obviously that some customers maybe actually even need this faster,\" he says.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11707809\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 1920px\">\u003ca href=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2018/11/dsc1693_slide-c6d2a7481f7d901b98fce3dbfd55fa08903739bf.jpg\">\u003cimg class=\"wp-image-11707809\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2018/11/dsc1693_slide-c6d2a7481f7d901b98fce3dbfd55fa08903739bf.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"1920\" height=\"1279\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2018/11/dsc1693_slide-c6d2a7481f7d901b98fce3dbfd55fa08903739bf.jpg 3000w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2018/11/dsc1693_slide-c6d2a7481f7d901b98fce3dbfd55fa08903739bf-160x107.jpg 160w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2018/11/dsc1693_slide-c6d2a7481f7d901b98fce3dbfd55fa08903739bf-800x533.jpg 800w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2018/11/dsc1693_slide-c6d2a7481f7d901b98fce3dbfd55fa08903739bf-1020x680.jpg 1020w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2018/11/dsc1693_slide-c6d2a7481f7d901b98fce3dbfd55fa08903739bf-1200x800.jpg 1200w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2018/11/dsc1693_slide-c6d2a7481f7d901b98fce3dbfd55fa08903739bf-1920x1279.jpg 1920w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 1920px) 100vw, 1920px\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">An employee works on an order in Amazon's fulfillment center in Baltimore. Amazon's forecasting team works on anticipating demand for everything sold by the company worldwide. \u003ccite>(Claire Harbage/NPR)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Amazon decides what to stock by looking at every detail of each product. It takes a shirt and analyzes the color, length, silhouette, sleeve length and histories of purchases for similar clothing items. Freshwater, of Amazon's forecasting team, says her group does not have access to personally identifiable information on specific shoppers. But her team looks at past demand and online-shopping habits in aggregate to write algorithms and statistical models that teach the AI.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Some of Amazon's predictions are not surprising. \"You don't sell very much Chicago Cubs gear in Hawaii,\" Freshwater says.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Others are less obvious. For example, AI has learned that not all new products mean the same type of forecast.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Take tax software. Everyone wants the \u003cem>latest \u003c/em>version. But the release of a new DSLR camera? That actually triggers huge demand for the \u003cem>older \u003c/em>versions, which are cheaper.\u003c/p>\n\u003caside class=\"alignright\">\n\u003cul>\n\u003cli>\u003ca href=\"https://www.npr.org/2018/11/13/665646050/amazons-grand-search-for-2nd-headquarters-ends-with-split-nyc-and-d-c-suburb\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Amazon's Grand Search For 2nd Headquarters Ends With Split: NYC And D.C. Suburb\u003c/a>\u003c/li>\n\u003c/ul>\n\u003c/aside>\n\u003cp>AI has also determined that online shoppers often abandon their online grocery cart entirely if bananas are sold out — and that bananas are most in demand on Mondays.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Or consider sunscreen. It's obviously in demand in the summer, but Amazon's AI models have also detected mini-surges around winter holidays and spring breaks — when people go on trips to warm sunny places.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Whether you search on Amazon.com or shop using Alexa on the Echo device, AI determines what results or recommendations you see and tells you how fast you might get each item.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>The \"middle mile\"\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Inside Amazon's warehouses, AI powers the Kiva robots, which look like large Roombas carrying bright yellow shelves.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11707810\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 1920px\">\u003ca href=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2018/11/gettyimages-461841920_custom-78867aba5302b2285e4e991e3bf210607678b3e1.jpg\">\u003cimg class=\"wp-image-11707810\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2018/11/gettyimages-461841920_custom-78867aba5302b2285e4e991e3bf210607678b3e1.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"1920\" height=\"1268\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2018/11/gettyimages-461841920_custom-78867aba5302b2285e4e991e3bf210607678b3e1.jpg 3000w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2018/11/gettyimages-461841920_custom-78867aba5302b2285e4e991e3bf210607678b3e1-160x106.jpg 160w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2018/11/gettyimages-461841920_custom-78867aba5302b2285e4e991e3bf210607678b3e1-800x529.jpg 800w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2018/11/gettyimages-461841920_custom-78867aba5302b2285e4e991e3bf210607678b3e1-1020x674.jpg 1020w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2018/11/gettyimages-461841920_custom-78867aba5302b2285e4e991e3bf210607678b3e1-1200x793.jpg 1200w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2018/11/gettyimages-461841920_custom-78867aba5302b2285e4e991e3bf210607678b3e1-1920x1268.jpg 1920w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 1920px) 100vw, 1920px\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Kiva robots move racks of merchandise at an Amazon fulfillment center in Tracy, California, in 2015. The machines bring the shelves to workers. \u003ccite>(Justin Sullivan/Getty Images)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>In traditional warehouses, it's the people who walk to the shelves. But in most Amazon warehouses, the robots bring the shelves to people.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The machines know what to bring and when to get orders packed so they are in time for delivery. AI systems keep track of all items in the warehouses, which can be as vast as 1 million square feet. AI constantly arranges and reshuffles the shelves so that things you're about to buy are ready to go.\u003c/p>\n\u003caside class=\"alignright\">\n\u003cul>\n\u003cli>\u003ca href=\"https://www.npr.org/2018/11/13/666274605/how-big-is-amazon\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">How Big Is Amazon? Its Many Businesses In One Chart\u003c/a>\u003c/li>\n\u003c/ul>\n\u003c/aside>\n\u003cp>Amazon is now rolling out new efficiency-boosting technology that eliminates the need for handheld scanners, says Brad Porter, head of robotics for Amazon Operations. The new system retrofits workers' stations with advanced cameras that can automatically scan items that workers hold in their hands. AI is learning to discern and interpret people's hand movements to recognize when a person places an item inside a shelf slot.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>This kind of innovation is a controversial topic in retail, where layoffs are rampant, just as automation is reshaping the workforce. Economic research \u003ca href=\"https://www.technologyreview.com/s/610005/every-study-we-could-find-on-what-automation-will-do-to-jobs-in-one-chart/\">is divided\u003c/a> on how much exactly AI will eliminate or create jobs, especially for lower-income Americans.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>For example, Amazon has been hiring people by the hundreds of thousands for its highly automated warehouses. Its workforce has ballooned to\u003ca href=\"https://ir.aboutamazon.com/static-files/28f23db2-79d5-4aa0-9acc-ef6413e1bafe\"> 613,300\u003c/a> in a matter of a few years. Warehousing overall has been one of the fastest-growing industries, even though a lot of that work is part-time or temporary.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>At the same time, Amazon has launched \u003ca href=\"https://www.npr.org/sections/thetwo-way/2018/01/22/579640565/amazons-cashier-less-seattle-grocery-opens-to-the-public\">AI-powered stores\u003c/a> that eliminate the need for a cashier, stoking fears about the future of jobs like these industrywide. Plus, as Porter will point out, scientists have long been working on robots that can imitate human hands with their grip. For work like packing in warehouses, an agile robotic hand could erase one key edge that human workers now have over machines.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>To Porter, modern automation is simply in the latest chapter of industrial progress.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"Industrial automation and robotics are here. They've been here for a long time,\" Porter says. \"I think what's novel or hard in the logistics space and for Amazon is just the diversity and selection of inventory that we have and the scale at which we're doing it. And so yeah, I think we'll continue to see technology innovation in all these spaces.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>The \"last mile\"\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>One area where AI has created a new type of job is in deliveries.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11707811\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 1920px\">\u003ca href=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2018/11/dsc1746_slide-a2005f33ac974ca9ec779bc411f1fda21369ac24.jpg\">\u003cimg class=\"wp-image-11707811\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2018/11/dsc1746_slide-a2005f33ac974ca9ec779bc411f1fda21369ac24.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"1920\" height=\"1279\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2018/11/dsc1746_slide-a2005f33ac974ca9ec779bc411f1fda21369ac24.jpg 2997w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2018/11/dsc1746_slide-a2005f33ac974ca9ec779bc411f1fda21369ac24-160x107.jpg 160w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2018/11/dsc1746_slide-a2005f33ac974ca9ec779bc411f1fda21369ac24-800x533.jpg 800w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2018/11/dsc1746_slide-a2005f33ac974ca9ec779bc411f1fda21369ac24-1020x679.jpg 1020w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2018/11/dsc1746_slide-a2005f33ac974ca9ec779bc411f1fda21369ac24-1200x799.jpg 1200w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2018/11/dsc1746_slide-a2005f33ac974ca9ec779bc411f1fda21369ac24-1920x1279.jpg 1920w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 1920px) 100vw, 1920px\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">The exterior of a fulfillment center in Baltimore. \u003ccite>(Claire Harbage/NPR)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Amazon has many logistics contracts for deliveries, with the United States Postal Service, FedEx, UPS and other smaller companies. But it also took a page from Uber and began hiring drivers for side gigs to make superfast deliveries in busy cities, paying between $18 and $25 an hour.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The app is officially called \"Flex,\" but its original name is \"Rabbit\" — \"along the magic theme,\" says Beryl Tomay, director of Amazon's Last Mile Delivery Technology.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The process relies on AI to constantly calculate how many drivers are needed at any given time. The app considers the weight and number of packages headed to the same neighborhoods and whether packages can fit in one of the available cars. The app even recommends the order of packing boxes into a car for the most efficient delivery.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>One big challenge for Flex drivers is parking. Amazon's app does not guide where to leave cars while dropping off a package. However, Amazon does factor how long it took other drivers to deliver to an address in its estimates. AI's timing estimates also consider traffic and types of building.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"A single-family home is fairly straightforward, whereas if it's a commercial building or an apartment complex, that gets a little bit more difficult,\" Tomay says. \"It's not always obvious where the unit is, or are we taking it to a mailroom or receptionist?\"\u003c/p>\n\u003caside class=\"alignright\">\n\u003cul>\n\u003cli>\u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/news/11672953/what-americans-told-us-about-online-shopping-says-a-lot-about-amazon\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">What Americans Told Us About Online Shopping Says A Lot About Amazon\u003cbr>\n\u003c/a>\u003c/li>\n\u003c/ul>\n\u003c/aside>\n\u003cp>As Sibay describes it, when a delivery is a one-hour race, every minute counts. So delays and missed deadlines get a thorough analysis.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"Were we not able to pick it in time from our warehouse shelves? Did we not have the right number of drivers?\" says Sibay. Or maybe \"the driver forgets his key at reception and has to walk a little longer. The driver's delivering a package and it's an elderly lady and they, you know, talk a little bit before he moves on to his next order.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad floatright]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>It's hard for AI to predict all these scenarios, Sibay says. But next time, maybe the address with the Chatty Cathy will get a few more minutes baked into the algorithm.\u003c/p>\n\u003cdiv class=\"fullattribution\">\u003cem>Copyright 2018 \u003ca href=\"http://www.npr.org/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">NPR\u003c/a>. \u003c/em>\u003c/div>\n\n",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>By the time someone clicks \"buy\" on Amazon, Jenny Freshwater's team has probably expected it.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Freshwater is a software director in Amazon's Supply Chain Optimization Technologies group. Her team forecasts demand for everything sold by Amazon worldwide.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>This task, into which NPR got exclusive insight, underlies the entire Amazon retail operation. And it's central to Amazon's wooing of some 100 million people who shell out up to $119 a year for a Prime subscription, which guarantees two-day shipping.\u003c/p>\n\u003caside class=\"alignright\">\n\u003cul>\n\u003cli>\u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/news/11491029/warehouses-promise-jobs-but-what-happens-when-the-robots-come\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Warehouses Promise Jobs, But What Happens When the Robots Come?\u003c/a>\u003c/li>\n\u003c/ul>\n\u003c/aside>\n\u003cp>Inside Amazon, corporate executives like to evoke magic when they talk about fast delivery. For months, they used the code name Houdini before launching their fastest service, Prime Now, which delivers household basics within hours.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But a lot of it is thanks to artificial intelligence. With AI, computers analyze reams of data, making decisions and performing tasks that typically require human intelligence. AI is key to Amazon's retail forecasting on steroids and its push to shave off minutes and seconds in the rush to prepare, pack and deliver.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"It goes beyond just being able to forecast we need 100 blouses,\" Freshwater says. \"We need to be able to determine how many do we expect our customers to buy across the sizes, and the colors. And then ... where do we actually put the product so that our customers can get it when they click 'buy.' \"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>That's a key element to how Amazon speeds up deliveries: The team predicts exactly where those blouses should be stocked so that they are as close as possible to the people who will buy them.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>(Note: Amazon is one of NPR's financial supporters.)\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>This process is even more essential now that the race is on for same-day and even same-hour delivery. Few other retailers have ventured into these speeds, because they're very expensive. And few rely quite so much on AI to control costs while expanding.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11707806\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 1920px\">\u003ca href=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2018/11/dsc1608_slide-fb3115386dffa8ab64c702cdf22e6175d9b6ab74.jpg\">\u003cimg class=\"wp-image-11707806\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2018/11/dsc1608_slide-fb3115386dffa8ab64c702cdf22e6175d9b6ab74.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"1920\" height=\"1279\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2018/11/dsc1608_slide-fb3115386dffa8ab64c702cdf22e6175d9b6ab74.jpg 2997w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2018/11/dsc1608_slide-fb3115386dffa8ab64c702cdf22e6175d9b6ab74-160x107.jpg 160w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2018/11/dsc1608_slide-fb3115386dffa8ab64c702cdf22e6175d9b6ab74-800x533.jpg 800w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2018/11/dsc1608_slide-fb3115386dffa8ab64c702cdf22e6175d9b6ab74-1020x679.jpg 1020w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2018/11/dsc1608_slide-fb3115386dffa8ab64c702cdf22e6175d9b6ab74-1200x799.jpg 1200w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2018/11/dsc1608_slide-fb3115386dffa8ab64c702cdf22e6175d9b6ab74-1920x1279.jpg 1920w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 1920px) 100vw, 1920px\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Amazon boxes are scanned on conveyor belts. AI systems keep track of all items in the warehouses, which can be as vast as 1 million square feet. \u003ccite>(Claire Harbage/NPR)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Both AI and forecasting are not unique to Amazon. All retail stores work hard to prepare, for example, for seasonal or weather-related demand. And all major retail companies have their own algorithms, automated warehouses and delivery tricks.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But it was Amazon Prime that got Americans hooked on two-day shipping, which shoppers now take for granted. Walmart, Target and many others now offer two-day deliveries even without membership fees.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>While all large online retailers rely on AI, \"Amazon definitely has the most powerful tools for all the little computational processes involved in moving the packages through many suppliers, routes of transit and all the steps that a package goes through,\" says Mike Liebhold, a senior tech researcher at the Institute for the Future.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Indeed, AI is woven through every part of an Amazon purchase, from the website to the warehouses to the actual delivery to your doorstep. In corporate lingo, Amazon calls that the \"first mile,\" \"middle mile\" and \"last mile.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Forecasting for the \"first mile\"\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In 2013, Amazon got \u003ca href=\"http://pdfpiw.uspto.gov/.piw?Docid=08615473&homeurl=http%3A%2F%2Fpatft.uspto.gov%2Fnetacgi%2Fnph-Parser%3FSect1%3DPTO2%2526Sect2%3DHITOFF%2526p%3D1%2526u%3D%25252Fnetahtml%25252FPTO%25252Fsearch-bool.html\">a patent\u003c/a> for so-called anticipatory shipping. The idea was to get your order as close as possible to your address before you actually click buy.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Since then, Amazon has built a massive warehousing footprint around the country. And it's been adding smaller warehouses closer to city centers where Prime Now promotes super-fast delivery options. It's also using Whole Foods locations for faster access to groceries and basic pickups.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Amazon regularly tests what new products people might want with extra-fast shipping, says Cem Sibay, who runs Amazon Prime in North America. \"If you see customers consistently trying to select for same-day delivery, then the next step is obviously that some customers maybe actually even need this faster,\" he says.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11707809\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 1920px\">\u003ca href=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2018/11/dsc1693_slide-c6d2a7481f7d901b98fce3dbfd55fa08903739bf.jpg\">\u003cimg class=\"wp-image-11707809\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2018/11/dsc1693_slide-c6d2a7481f7d901b98fce3dbfd55fa08903739bf.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"1920\" height=\"1279\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2018/11/dsc1693_slide-c6d2a7481f7d901b98fce3dbfd55fa08903739bf.jpg 3000w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2018/11/dsc1693_slide-c6d2a7481f7d901b98fce3dbfd55fa08903739bf-160x107.jpg 160w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2018/11/dsc1693_slide-c6d2a7481f7d901b98fce3dbfd55fa08903739bf-800x533.jpg 800w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2018/11/dsc1693_slide-c6d2a7481f7d901b98fce3dbfd55fa08903739bf-1020x680.jpg 1020w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2018/11/dsc1693_slide-c6d2a7481f7d901b98fce3dbfd55fa08903739bf-1200x800.jpg 1200w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2018/11/dsc1693_slide-c6d2a7481f7d901b98fce3dbfd55fa08903739bf-1920x1279.jpg 1920w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 1920px) 100vw, 1920px\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">An employee works on an order in Amazon's fulfillment center in Baltimore. Amazon's forecasting team works on anticipating demand for everything sold by the company worldwide. \u003ccite>(Claire Harbage/NPR)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Amazon decides what to stock by looking at every detail of each product. It takes a shirt and analyzes the color, length, silhouette, sleeve length and histories of purchases for similar clothing items. Freshwater, of Amazon's forecasting team, says her group does not have access to personally identifiable information on specific shoppers. But her team looks at past demand and online-shopping habits in aggregate to write algorithms and statistical models that teach the AI.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Some of Amazon's predictions are not surprising. \"You don't sell very much Chicago Cubs gear in Hawaii,\" Freshwater says.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Others are less obvious. For example, AI has learned that not all new products mean the same type of forecast.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Take tax software. Everyone wants the \u003cem>latest \u003c/em>version. But the release of a new DSLR camera? That actually triggers huge demand for the \u003cem>older \u003c/em>versions, which are cheaper.\u003c/p>\n\u003caside class=\"alignright\">\n\u003cul>\n\u003cli>\u003ca href=\"https://www.npr.org/2018/11/13/665646050/amazons-grand-search-for-2nd-headquarters-ends-with-split-nyc-and-d-c-suburb\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Amazon's Grand Search For 2nd Headquarters Ends With Split: NYC And D.C. Suburb\u003c/a>\u003c/li>\n\u003c/ul>\n\u003c/aside>\n\u003cp>AI has also determined that online shoppers often abandon their online grocery cart entirely if bananas are sold out — and that bananas are most in demand on Mondays.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Or consider sunscreen. It's obviously in demand in the summer, but Amazon's AI models have also detected mini-surges around winter holidays and spring breaks — when people go on trips to warm sunny places.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Whether you search on Amazon.com or shop using Alexa on the Echo device, AI determines what results or recommendations you see and tells you how fast you might get each item.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>The \"middle mile\"\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Inside Amazon's warehouses, AI powers the Kiva robots, which look like large Roombas carrying bright yellow shelves.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11707810\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 1920px\">\u003ca href=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2018/11/gettyimages-461841920_custom-78867aba5302b2285e4e991e3bf210607678b3e1.jpg\">\u003cimg class=\"wp-image-11707810\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2018/11/gettyimages-461841920_custom-78867aba5302b2285e4e991e3bf210607678b3e1.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"1920\" height=\"1268\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2018/11/gettyimages-461841920_custom-78867aba5302b2285e4e991e3bf210607678b3e1.jpg 3000w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2018/11/gettyimages-461841920_custom-78867aba5302b2285e4e991e3bf210607678b3e1-160x106.jpg 160w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2018/11/gettyimages-461841920_custom-78867aba5302b2285e4e991e3bf210607678b3e1-800x529.jpg 800w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2018/11/gettyimages-461841920_custom-78867aba5302b2285e4e991e3bf210607678b3e1-1020x674.jpg 1020w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2018/11/gettyimages-461841920_custom-78867aba5302b2285e4e991e3bf210607678b3e1-1200x793.jpg 1200w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2018/11/gettyimages-461841920_custom-78867aba5302b2285e4e991e3bf210607678b3e1-1920x1268.jpg 1920w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 1920px) 100vw, 1920px\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Kiva robots move racks of merchandise at an Amazon fulfillment center in Tracy, California, in 2015. The machines bring the shelves to workers. \u003ccite>(Justin Sullivan/Getty Images)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>In traditional warehouses, it's the people who walk to the shelves. But in most Amazon warehouses, the robots bring the shelves to people.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The machines know what to bring and when to get orders packed so they are in time for delivery. AI systems keep track of all items in the warehouses, which can be as vast as 1 million square feet. AI constantly arranges and reshuffles the shelves so that things you're about to buy are ready to go.\u003c/p>\n\u003caside class=\"alignright\">\n\u003cul>\n\u003cli>\u003ca href=\"https://www.npr.org/2018/11/13/666274605/how-big-is-amazon\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">How Big Is Amazon? Its Many Businesses In One Chart\u003c/a>\u003c/li>\n\u003c/ul>\n\u003c/aside>\n\u003cp>Amazon is now rolling out new efficiency-boosting technology that eliminates the need for handheld scanners, says Brad Porter, head of robotics for Amazon Operations. The new system retrofits workers' stations with advanced cameras that can automatically scan items that workers hold in their hands. AI is learning to discern and interpret people's hand movements to recognize when a person places an item inside a shelf slot.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>This kind of innovation is a controversial topic in retail, where layoffs are rampant, just as automation is reshaping the workforce. Economic research \u003ca href=\"https://www.technologyreview.com/s/610005/every-study-we-could-find-on-what-automation-will-do-to-jobs-in-one-chart/\">is divided\u003c/a> on how much exactly AI will eliminate or create jobs, especially for lower-income Americans.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>For example, Amazon has been hiring people by the hundreds of thousands for its highly automated warehouses. Its workforce has ballooned to\u003ca href=\"https://ir.aboutamazon.com/static-files/28f23db2-79d5-4aa0-9acc-ef6413e1bafe\"> 613,300\u003c/a> in a matter of a few years. Warehousing overall has been one of the fastest-growing industries, even though a lot of that work is part-time or temporary.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>At the same time, Amazon has launched \u003ca href=\"https://www.npr.org/sections/thetwo-way/2018/01/22/579640565/amazons-cashier-less-seattle-grocery-opens-to-the-public\">AI-powered stores\u003c/a> that eliminate the need for a cashier, stoking fears about the future of jobs like these industrywide. Plus, as Porter will point out, scientists have long been working on robots that can imitate human hands with their grip. For work like packing in warehouses, an agile robotic hand could erase one key edge that human workers now have over machines.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>To Porter, modern automation is simply in the latest chapter of industrial progress.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"Industrial automation and robotics are here. They've been here for a long time,\" Porter says. \"I think what's novel or hard in the logistics space and for Amazon is just the diversity and selection of inventory that we have and the scale at which we're doing it. And so yeah, I think we'll continue to see technology innovation in all these spaces.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>The \"last mile\"\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>One area where AI has created a new type of job is in deliveries.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11707811\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 1920px\">\u003ca href=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2018/11/dsc1746_slide-a2005f33ac974ca9ec779bc411f1fda21369ac24.jpg\">\u003cimg class=\"wp-image-11707811\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2018/11/dsc1746_slide-a2005f33ac974ca9ec779bc411f1fda21369ac24.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"1920\" height=\"1279\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2018/11/dsc1746_slide-a2005f33ac974ca9ec779bc411f1fda21369ac24.jpg 2997w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2018/11/dsc1746_slide-a2005f33ac974ca9ec779bc411f1fda21369ac24-160x107.jpg 160w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2018/11/dsc1746_slide-a2005f33ac974ca9ec779bc411f1fda21369ac24-800x533.jpg 800w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2018/11/dsc1746_slide-a2005f33ac974ca9ec779bc411f1fda21369ac24-1020x679.jpg 1020w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2018/11/dsc1746_slide-a2005f33ac974ca9ec779bc411f1fda21369ac24-1200x799.jpg 1200w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2018/11/dsc1746_slide-a2005f33ac974ca9ec779bc411f1fda21369ac24-1920x1279.jpg 1920w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 1920px) 100vw, 1920px\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">The exterior of a fulfillment center in Baltimore. \u003ccite>(Claire Harbage/NPR)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Amazon has many logistics contracts for deliveries, with the United States Postal Service, FedEx, UPS and other smaller companies. But it also took a page from Uber and began hiring drivers for side gigs to make superfast deliveries in busy cities, paying between $18 and $25 an hour.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The app is officially called \"Flex,\" but its original name is \"Rabbit\" — \"along the magic theme,\" says Beryl Tomay, director of Amazon's Last Mile Delivery Technology.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The process relies on AI to constantly calculate how many drivers are needed at any given time. The app considers the weight and number of packages headed to the same neighborhoods and whether packages can fit in one of the available cars. The app even recommends the order of packing boxes into a car for the most efficient delivery.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>One big challenge for Flex drivers is parking. Amazon's app does not guide where to leave cars while dropping off a package. However, Amazon does factor how long it took other drivers to deliver to an address in its estimates. AI's timing estimates also consider traffic and types of building.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"A single-family home is fairly straightforward, whereas if it's a commercial building or an apartment complex, that gets a little bit more difficult,\" Tomay says. \"It's not always obvious where the unit is, or are we taking it to a mailroom or receptionist?\"\u003c/p>\n\u003caside class=\"alignright\">\n\u003cul>\n\u003cli>\u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/news/11672953/what-americans-told-us-about-online-shopping-says-a-lot-about-amazon\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">What Americans Told Us About Online Shopping Says A Lot About Amazon\u003cbr>\n\u003c/a>\u003c/li>\n\u003c/ul>\n\u003c/aside>\n\u003cp>As Sibay describes it, when a delivery is a one-hour race, every minute counts. So delays and missed deadlines get a thorough analysis.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"Were we not able to pick it in time from our warehouse shelves? Did we not have the right number of drivers?\" says Sibay. Or maybe \"the driver forgets his key at reception and has to walk a little longer. The driver's delivering a package and it's an elderly lady and they, you know, talk a little bit before he moves on to his next order.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"disqusTitle": "Elon Musk Warns Governors: Artificial Intelligence Poses 'Existential Risk'",
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"content": "\u003cp>Tesla CEO Elon Musk, speaking to U.S. governors this weekend, told the political leaders that artificial intelligence poses an \"existential threat\" to human civilization.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>At the bipartisan National Governors Association in Rhode Island, Musk also spoke about energy sources, his own electric car company and space travel. But when Gov. Brian Sandoval of Nevada, grinning, asked if robots will take everyone's jobs in the future, Musk wasn't joking when he responded.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Yes, \"robots will do everything better than us,\" Musk said. But he's worried about more than the job market.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"AI is a fundamental existential risk for human civilization, and I don't think people fully appreciate that,\" Musk said. He said he has access to cutting-edge AI technology, and that based on what he's seen, AI is \"the scariest problem.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003caside class=\"pullquote alignright\">'Once there is awareness, people will be extremely afraid. As they should be.'\u003c/aside>\n\u003cp>Musk told the governors that AI calls for precautionary, proactive government intervention: \"I think by the time we are reactive in AI regulation, it's too late,\" he said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>He was clearly not thrilled to make that argument, calling regulation generally \"not fun\" and \"irksome,\" but he said that in the case of AI, the risks are too high to allow AI to develop unfettered.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"I think people should be really concerned about it,\" Musk said. \"I keep sounding the alarm bell.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>It's true: For years, Musk has issued Cassandra-like cautions about the risks of artificial intelligence. In 2014, he \u003ca href=\"https://www.theguardian.com/technology/2014/oct/27/elon-musk-artificial-intelligence-ai-biggest-existential-threat\">likened AI developers to people summoning demons\u003c/a> they think they can control. In 2015, he signed a letter warning of \u003ca href=\"http://money.cnn.com/2015/07/28/technology/ai-weapons-robots-musk-hawking/index.html\">the risk of an AI arms race\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[contextly_sidebar id=\"OSgeAyt47B8JGjKrS6vu8odhvruxrhgG\"]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Musk has invested in \u003ca href=\"https://www.wired.com/2016/04/openai-elon-musk-sam-altman-plan-to-set-artificial-intelligence-free/\">a project\u003c/a> designed to make AI tech open source, which he asserts will prevent it from being controlled by one company. And earlier this year, Maureen Dowd wrote \u003ca href=\"http://www.vanityfair.com/news/2017/03/elon-musk-billion-dollar-crusade-to-stop-ai-space-x\">a lengthy piece\u003c/a> for \u003cem>Vanity Fair \u003c/em>about Musk's \"crusade to stop the A.I. apocalypse.\" Dowd noted that some Silicon Valley leaders — including Google co-founder Larry Page — do not share Musk's skepticism, and describe AI as a possible force for good.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Critics \"argue that Musk is interested less in saving the world than in buffing his brand,\" Dowd writes, and that his speeches on the threat of AI are part of a larger sales strategy.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Back at the governors conference, some politicians expressed skepticism about the wisdom of regulating a technology that's still in development. Musk said the first step would be for the government to gain \"insight\" into the actual status of current research.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"Once there is awareness, people will be extremely afraid,\" Musk said. \"As they should be.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Of the reaction to Musk's comments on the part of governors in attendance, Colorado Gov. John Hickenlooper said, \"You could have heard a pin drop.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c!-- iframe plugin v.4.3 wordpress.org/plugins/iframe/ -->\u003cbr>\n\u003ciframe src=\"https://www.npr.org/player/embed/537844706/537844707\" width=\"100%\" height=\"290\" frameborder=\"0\" scrolling=\"no\" title=\"NPR embedded audio player\" class=\"iframe-class\">\u003c/iframe>\u003c/p>\n\u003cdiv class=\"fullattribution\">Copyright 2017 NPR. To see more, visit http://www.npr.org/.\u003cimg src=\"https://www.google-analytics.com/__utm.gif?utmac=UA-5828686-4&utmdt=Elon+Musk+Warns+Governors%3A+Artificial+Intelligence+Poses+%27Existential+Risk%27&utme=8(APIKey)9(MDAxOTAwOTE4MDEyMTkxMDAzNjczZDljZA004)\">\u003c/div>\n\n",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>Tesla CEO Elon Musk, speaking to U.S. governors this weekend, told the political leaders that artificial intelligence poses an \"existential threat\" to human civilization.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>At the bipartisan National Governors Association in Rhode Island, Musk also spoke about energy sources, his own electric car company and space travel. But when Gov. Brian Sandoval of Nevada, grinning, asked if robots will take everyone's jobs in the future, Musk wasn't joking when he responded.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Yes, \"robots will do everything better than us,\" Musk said. But he's worried about more than the job market.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"AI is a fundamental existential risk for human civilization, and I don't think people fully appreciate that,\" Musk said. He said he has access to cutting-edge AI technology, and that based on what he's seen, AI is \"the scariest problem.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003caside class=\"pullquote alignright\">'Once there is awareness, people will be extremely afraid. As they should be.'\u003c/aside>\n\u003cp>Musk told the governors that AI calls for precautionary, proactive government intervention: \"I think by the time we are reactive in AI regulation, it's too late,\" he said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>He was clearly not thrilled to make that argument, calling regulation generally \"not fun\" and \"irksome,\" but he said that in the case of AI, the risks are too high to allow AI to develop unfettered.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"I think people should be really concerned about it,\" Musk said. \"I keep sounding the alarm bell.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>It's true: For years, Musk has issued Cassandra-like cautions about the risks of artificial intelligence. In 2014, he \u003ca href=\"https://www.theguardian.com/technology/2014/oct/27/elon-musk-artificial-intelligence-ai-biggest-existential-threat\">likened AI developers to people summoning demons\u003c/a> they think they can control. In 2015, he signed a letter warning of \u003ca href=\"http://money.cnn.com/2015/07/28/technology/ai-weapons-robots-musk-hawking/index.html\">the risk of an AI arms race\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Musk has invested in \u003ca href=\"https://www.wired.com/2016/04/openai-elon-musk-sam-altman-plan-to-set-artificial-intelligence-free/\">a project\u003c/a> designed to make AI tech open source, which he asserts will prevent it from being controlled by one company. And earlier this year, Maureen Dowd wrote \u003ca href=\"http://www.vanityfair.com/news/2017/03/elon-musk-billion-dollar-crusade-to-stop-ai-space-x\">a lengthy piece\u003c/a> for \u003cem>Vanity Fair \u003c/em>about Musk's \"crusade to stop the A.I. apocalypse.\" Dowd noted that some Silicon Valley leaders — including Google co-founder Larry Page — do not share Musk's skepticism, and describe AI as a possible force for good.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Critics \"argue that Musk is interested less in saving the world than in buffing his brand,\" Dowd writes, and that his speeches on the threat of AI are part of a larger sales strategy.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Back at the governors conference, some politicians expressed skepticism about the wisdom of regulating a technology that's still in development. Musk said the first step would be for the government to gain \"insight\" into the actual status of current research.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"Once there is awareness, people will be extremely afraid,\" Musk said. \"As they should be.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Of the reaction to Musk's comments on the part of governors in attendance, Colorado Gov. John Hickenlooper said, \"You could have heard a pin drop.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c!-- iframe plugin v.4.3 wordpress.org/plugins/iframe/ -->\u003cbr>\n\u003ciframe src=\"https://www.npr.org/player/embed/537844706/537844707\" width=\"100%\" height=\"290\" frameborder=\"0\" scrolling=\"no\" title=\"NPR embedded audio player\" class=\"iframe-class\">\u003c/iframe>\u003c/p>\n\u003cdiv class=\"fullattribution\">Copyright 2017 NPR. To see more, visit http://www.npr.org/.\u003cimg src=\"https://www.google-analytics.com/__utm.gif?utmac=UA-5828686-4&utmdt=Elon+Musk+Warns+Governors%3A+Artificial+Intelligence+Poses+%27Existential+Risk%27&utme=8(APIKey)9(MDAxOTAwOTE4MDEyMTkxMDAzNjczZDljZA004)\">\u003c/div>\n\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>",
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"disqusTitle": "'Like a God,' Google AI Beats Human Champ of Notoriously Complex 'Go' Game",
"title": "'Like a God,' Google AI Beats Human Champ of Notoriously Complex 'Go' Game",
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"content": "\u003cp>In the first of three matches with the world's No. 1 Go player, a Google artificial intelligence program claimed victory Tuesday. It won the round by just a fraction of a point in Wuzhen, China, but the win was enough to leave its grandmaster opponent impressed and thoroughly confounded by the result.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Last year, after Google's AlphaGo \u003ca href=\"http://www.npr.org/sections/thetwo-way/2016/03/12/470193083/going-going-gone-master-go-player-loses-best-of-5-match-with-a-i\">dispatched a human grandmaster\u003c/a> in the notoriously complex board game for the first time, 19-year-old Ke Jie expressed confidence he wouldn't share the same fate, \u003ca href=\"https://www.nytimes.com/2017/05/23/business/google-deepmind-alphago-go-champion-defeat.html?_r=0\">according to The New York Times\u003c/a>. After all, Ke had defeated Lee Sedol \u003ca href=\"https://www.google.com/url?sa=t&rct=j&q=&esrc=s&source=web&cd=1&cad=rja&uact=8&ved=0ahUKEwiukaSmq4bUAhXD8CYKHYbTDYkQFggoMAA&url=https%3A%2F%2Fgogameguru.com%2F2nd-mlily-cup-final%2F&usg=AFQjCNFacMG2nd7GGQuRLtpj2p0HA_ITxg&sig2=lNu9EAzEwzWG9NgLqYeLjA\">several times\u003c/a> before himself.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>By the match's end Tuesday, Ke felt markedly different about his inhuman competitor.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"Last year, it was still quite humanlike when it played,\" Ke said. \"But this year, it became like a god of Go.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Z-HL5nppBnM\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>His statement feels rather apt considering that, like a god, AlphaGo is its own greatest instructor. Last year, NPR's Geoff Brumfiel \u003ca href=\"http://www.npr.org/sections/thetwo-way/2016/03/08/469638745/how-googles-neural-network-hopes-to-beat-a-go-world-champion\">broke down the basics\u003c/a> of the program developed by Google's DeepMind lab:\u003c/p>\n\u003cblockquote>\u003cp>\"It started by studying a database of about 100,000 human matches, and then continued by playing against itself millions of times.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"As it went, it reprogrammed itself and improved. This type of self-learning program is known as a neural network, and it's based on theories of how the human brain works.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"AlphaGo consists of two neural networks: The first tries to figure out the best move to play each turn, and the second evaluates who is winning the match overall.\"\u003c/p>\u003c/blockquote>\n\u003cp>DeepMind has only further developed the architecture of the program since it defeated Lee last year.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Also like a god, AlphaGo has been demonstrating its influence far and wide among the game's top players — including Ke, who \u003ca href=\"https://www.wired.com/2017/05/revamped-alphago-wins-first-game-chinese-go-grandmaster/\">Wired notes\u003c/a> adopted some tactics from AlphaGo. The program played many of the world's top players under the pseudonym \"Master\" in online matches earlier this year, according to the magazine, and its unorthodox playing style affected Ke's.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[contextly_sidebar id=\"zheGSSUw3Jql409pa4yeLX1CSImXFvfc\"]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In a \u003ca href=\"https://blog.google/topics/machine-learning/alphago-machine-learning-game-go/\">blog post last year\u003c/a>, DeepMind CEO and co-founder Demis Hassabis explained what attracted his lab to the ancient game of Go, which has been around at least since the days of Confucius:\u003c/p>\n\u003cblockquote>\u003cp>\"[A]s simple as the rules are, Go is a game of profound complexity. There are more possible positions than the number of atoms in the universe, and more than a googol times larger than chess.\"\u003c/p>\u003c/blockquote>\n\u003cp>It doesn't hurt that the game originated -- and remains very popular -- in China, with which Google has shared a fraught relationship. Roughly seven years ago, the California-based tech giant \u003ca href=\"http://www.npr.org/2011/07/22/125028043/google-to-shift-chinese-users-to-hong-kong\">pulled out of the country\u003c/a>, citing discomfort with Chinese censorship requirements.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Although \u003ca href=\"http://www.reuters.com/article/us-science-intelligence-go-idUSKBN18J0PE\">Reuters reports\u003c/a> that Eric Schmidt, chief of Google parent Alphabet, watched the match in person in China, the \u003cem>Times\u003c/em> notes that \"there was no obvious live video of the event\" available to viewers on the Chinese mainland. Chinese officials don't allow access to Google-owned YouTube, where the match was live-streamed, or Google search.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Yet Google continues to have designs on the massive Chinese market, announcing recently that it intends to bring some of its products back to China, according to Reuters.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>For now, though, skittish onlookers watching the \u003ca href=\"http://www.usgo.org/news/2017/05/alphago-ke-jie-match-schedule-released/\">next two matches\u003c/a> between Ke and AlphaGo on Thursday and Saturday might do well to remember Geoff's reassurance: \"This program will not lead to a dystopian future in which humanity is enslaved by killer robots.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"At least not for a few more years.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cdiv class=\"fullattribution\">Copyright 2017 NPR. To see more, visit http://www.npr.org/.\u003cimg src=\"https://www.google-analytics.com/__utm.gif?utmac=UA-5828686-4&utmdt=%27Like+A+God%2C%27+Google+A.I.+Beats+Human+Champ+Of+Notoriously+Complex+%27Go%27+Game&utme=8(APIKey)9(MDAxOTAwOTE4MDEyMTkxMDAzNjczZDljZA004)\">\u003c/div>\n\n",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>In the first of three matches with the world's No. 1 Go player, a Google artificial intelligence program claimed victory Tuesday. It won the round by just a fraction of a point in Wuzhen, China, but the win was enough to leave its grandmaster opponent impressed and thoroughly confounded by the result.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Last year, after Google's AlphaGo \u003ca href=\"http://www.npr.org/sections/thetwo-way/2016/03/12/470193083/going-going-gone-master-go-player-loses-best-of-5-match-with-a-i\">dispatched a human grandmaster\u003c/a> in the notoriously complex board game for the first time, 19-year-old Ke Jie expressed confidence he wouldn't share the same fate, \u003ca href=\"https://www.nytimes.com/2017/05/23/business/google-deepmind-alphago-go-champion-defeat.html?_r=0\">according to The New York Times\u003c/a>. After all, Ke had defeated Lee Sedol \u003ca href=\"https://www.google.com/url?sa=t&rct=j&q=&esrc=s&source=web&cd=1&cad=rja&uact=8&ved=0ahUKEwiukaSmq4bUAhXD8CYKHYbTDYkQFggoMAA&url=https%3A%2F%2Fgogameguru.com%2F2nd-mlily-cup-final%2F&usg=AFQjCNFacMG2nd7GGQuRLtpj2p0HA_ITxg&sig2=lNu9EAzEwzWG9NgLqYeLjA\">several times\u003c/a> before himself.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>By the match's end Tuesday, Ke felt markedly different about his inhuman competitor.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"Last year, it was still quite humanlike when it played,\" Ke said. \"But this year, it became like a god of Go.\"\u003c/p>\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003cspan class='utils-parseShortcode-shortcodes-__youtubeShortcode__embedYoutube'>\n \u003cspan class='utils-parseShortcode-shortcodes-__youtubeShortcode__embedYoutubeInside'>\n \u003ciframe\n loading='lazy'\n class='utils-parseShortcode-shortcodes-__youtubeShortcode__youtubePlayer'\n type='text/html'\n src='//www.youtube.com/embed/Z-HL5nppBnM'\n title='//www.youtube.com/embed/Z-HL5nppBnM'\n allowfullscreen='true'\n style='border:0;'>\u003c/iframe>\n \u003c/span>\n \u003c/span>\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>His statement feels rather apt considering that, like a god, AlphaGo is its own greatest instructor. Last year, NPR's Geoff Brumfiel \u003ca href=\"http://www.npr.org/sections/thetwo-way/2016/03/08/469638745/how-googles-neural-network-hopes-to-beat-a-go-world-champion\">broke down the basics\u003c/a> of the program developed by Google's DeepMind lab:\u003c/p>\n\u003cblockquote>\u003cp>\"It started by studying a database of about 100,000 human matches, and then continued by playing against itself millions of times.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"As it went, it reprogrammed itself and improved. This type of self-learning program is known as a neural network, and it's based on theories of how the human brain works.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"AlphaGo consists of two neural networks: The first tries to figure out the best move to play each turn, and the second evaluates who is winning the match overall.\"\u003c/p>\u003c/blockquote>\n\u003cp>DeepMind has only further developed the architecture of the program since it defeated Lee last year.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Also like a god, AlphaGo has been demonstrating its influence far and wide among the game's top players — including Ke, who \u003ca href=\"https://www.wired.com/2017/05/revamped-alphago-wins-first-game-chinese-go-grandmaster/\">Wired notes\u003c/a> adopted some tactics from AlphaGo. The program played many of the world's top players under the pseudonym \"Master\" in online matches earlier this year, according to the magazine, and its unorthodox playing style affected Ke's.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In a \u003ca href=\"https://blog.google/topics/machine-learning/alphago-machine-learning-game-go/\">blog post last year\u003c/a>, DeepMind CEO and co-founder Demis Hassabis explained what attracted his lab to the ancient game of Go, which has been around at least since the days of Confucius:\u003c/p>\n\u003cblockquote>\u003cp>\"[A]s simple as the rules are, Go is a game of profound complexity. There are more possible positions than the number of atoms in the universe, and more than a googol times larger than chess.\"\u003c/p>\u003c/blockquote>\n\u003cp>It doesn't hurt that the game originated -- and remains very popular -- in China, with which Google has shared a fraught relationship. Roughly seven years ago, the California-based tech giant \u003ca href=\"http://www.npr.org/2011/07/22/125028043/google-to-shift-chinese-users-to-hong-kong\">pulled out of the country\u003c/a>, citing discomfort with Chinese censorship requirements.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Although \u003ca href=\"http://www.reuters.com/article/us-science-intelligence-go-idUSKBN18J0PE\">Reuters reports\u003c/a> that Eric Schmidt, chief of Google parent Alphabet, watched the match in person in China, the \u003cem>Times\u003c/em> notes that \"there was no obvious live video of the event\" available to viewers on the Chinese mainland. Chinese officials don't allow access to Google-owned YouTube, where the match was live-streamed, or Google search.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Yet Google continues to have designs on the massive Chinese market, announcing recently that it intends to bring some of its products back to China, according to Reuters.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>For now, though, skittish onlookers watching the \u003ca href=\"http://www.usgo.org/news/2017/05/alphago-ke-jie-match-schedule-released/\">next two matches\u003c/a> between Ke and AlphaGo on Thursday and Saturday might do well to remember Geoff's reassurance: \"This program will not lead to a dystopian future in which humanity is enslaved by killer robots.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"At least not for a few more years.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cdiv class=\"fullattribution\">Copyright 2017 NPR. To see more, visit http://www.npr.org/.\u003cimg src=\"https://www.google-analytics.com/__utm.gif?utmac=UA-5828686-4&utmdt=%27Like+A+God%2C%27+Google+A.I.+Beats+Human+Champ+Of+Notoriously+Complex+%27Go%27+Game&utme=8(APIKey)9(MDAxOTAwOTE4MDEyMTkxMDAzNjczZDljZA004)\">\u003c/div>\n\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>",
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"disqusTitle": "Stuart Russell on Why Moral Philosophy Will Be Big Business in Tech",
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"headTitle": "Big Ideas | The California Report | KQED News",
"content": "\u003cp>From Hollywood to Silicon Valley, California leads the world with big ideas. On Monday we launched a new series focusing on a few of them.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Our first episode comes from \u003ca href=\"https://www.eecs.berkeley.edu/Faculty/Homepages/russell.html\">Stuart Russell\u003c/a>. He's a computer science professor at UC Berkeley and a world-renowned expert in artificial intelligence. His idea?\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“In the future, moral philosophy will be a key industry sector,” says Russell.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Translation? In the future, the nature of human values and the process by which we make moral decisions will be \u003ci>big\u003c/i> business in tech.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Russell's idea is at the center of a debate going on right now in computer science. \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“So, imagine, if you want to build a robot to go in people’s homes,” Russell says. “This is something that could happen in the next decade,\" he says.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[soundcloud url=\"https://api.soundcloud.com/tracks/230150122\" params=\"color=ff5500&auto_play=false&hide_related=false&show_comments=true&show_user=true&show_reposts=false\" width=\"100%\" height=\"166\" iframe=\"true\" /]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>He says that at first robots will do chores around the house, such as cooking, cleaning and laundry. But eventually they will take on more human tasks.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Right now in Japan there’s a robot named \u003ca href=\"https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=kCFYw8mIqcc\">Pepper \u003c/a>that’s designed to serve as a human companion. It's being tested with senior citizens. The idea is that instead of getting your granny a cat to keep her company, you’d get her Pepper. Russell imagines that one day robots will take care of our kids.\u003c/p>\n\u003caside class=\"pullquote alignright\">'Presumably the robot companies will get their values loaded into the robot from a values company.'\u003c/aside>\n\u003cp>“If you want to build a robot to go into people’s homes, you don’t want to come home and find it’s put the cat in the oven for dinner, thinking that was a good thing to do because the kids were hungry and there was nothing in the fridge, right?” asks Russell.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But how would the robot know that’s not what you wanted?\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“You would want that robot preloaded with a pretty good set of values,\" Russell says. \"So presumably the robot companies will get their values loaded into the robot from a values company.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_10734627\" class=\"wp-caption alignright\" style=\"max-width: 800px\">\u003cimg src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2015/10/PepperWithKids-800x670.jpg\" alt=\"The humanoid robot Pepper chats with children at a high-tech gadgets exhibition in Tokyo.\" width=\"800\" height=\"670\" class=\"size-medium wp-image-10734627\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2015/10/PepperWithKids-800x670.jpg 800w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2015/10/PepperWithKids-400x335.jpg 400w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2015/10/PepperWithKids-1440x1207.jpg 1440w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2015/10/PepperWithKids.jpg 1920w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2015/10/PepperWithKids-1180x989.jpg 1180w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2015/10/PepperWithKids-960x805.jpg 960w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">The humanoid robot Pepper chats with children at a high-tech gadgets exhibition in Tokyo. \u003ccite>(YOSHIKAZU TSUNO/AFP/Getty Images)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Sounds a little creepy, no? Russell says fear of the brave new world of robots is as old as the word itself. In fact, the word \"robot\" was coined in a \u003ca href=\"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/R.U.R.\">play \u003c/a>in which robots take over the world. From \"Frankenstein\" to \"The Terminator,\" that theme has run through the arts and popular culture ever since.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But Russell says for the most part, scientists didn’t take such concerns seriously.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"The normal response to those kinds of things is to say, 'Oh well, you know it’s a long way off in the future, so we don’t have to worry about this,' ” says Russell.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But recently that attitude has changed. In the past few years, scientists have been more vocal about the dangers artificial intelligence could pose to humanity. Theoretical physicist Stephen Hawking told the BBC that he thinks the “development of full artificial intelligence could spell the end of the human race.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>And earlier this year Hawking and hundreds of AI researchers signed an\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">\u003ca href=\"http://futureoflife.org/AI/open_letter\"> open letter\u003c/a>, saying that if the industry doesn’t start building safeguards into artificial intelligence it could spell doom for humanity. Tesla CEO Elon Musk, who also signed the letter, gave \u003ca href=\"http://www.businessinsider.com/how-elon-musks-10-million-donation-will-help-keep-us-safe-from-artificial-intelligence-2015-7\">$10 million\u003c/a> to the cause. He went so far as to say that artificial intelligence \u003c/span>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">could be\u003c/span>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\"> humanity’s biggest “\u003ca href=\"http://www.theguardian.com/technology/2014/oct/27/elon-musk-artificial-intelligence-ai-biggest-existential-threat\">existential threat\u003c/a>.”\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_10734694\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 800px\">\u003cimg src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2015/10/Hawking-800x579.jpg\" alt='Physicist Stephen Hawking has said the \"development of full artificial intelligence could spell the end of the human race.\"' width=\"800\" height=\"579\" class=\"size-medium wp-image-10734694\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2015/10/Hawking-800x579.jpg 800w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2015/10/Hawking-400x289.jpg 400w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2015/10/Hawking-1440x1042.jpg 1440w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2015/10/Hawking.jpg 1920w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2015/10/Hawking-1180x854.jpg 1180w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2015/10/Hawking-960x695.jpg 960w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Physicist Stephen Hawking has said the \"development of full artificial intelligence could spell the end of the human race.\" \u003ccite>(Frederick M. Brown/Getty Images)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Russell also signed the letter, but he says his view is less apocalyptic. He says that, until now, the field of artificial intelligence has been singularly focused on giving robots the ability to make “high-quality” decisions.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“At the moment, we don’t know how to give the robot what you might call human values\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">,” he says.\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But Russell believes that as this problem becomes clearer, it’s only natural that people will start to focus their energy on solving it.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>And he says, not to be flip, but nobody’s going to buy a robot that cooks a cat. So it’s just a matter of time before tech companies, universities and the government start pouring resources into programming robots with morals.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"In some sense [the robots'] only purpose in existing is to help us realize our values, and perhaps it'll make people better,\" says Russell.\u003c/p>\n\n",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>From Hollywood to Silicon Valley, California leads the world with big ideas. On Monday we launched a new series focusing on a few of them.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Our first episode comes from \u003ca href=\"https://www.eecs.berkeley.edu/Faculty/Homepages/russell.html\">Stuart Russell\u003c/a>. He's a computer science professor at UC Berkeley and a world-renowned expert in artificial intelligence. His idea?\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“In the future, moral philosophy will be a key industry sector,” says Russell.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Translation? In the future, the nature of human values and the process by which we make moral decisions will be \u003ci>big\u003c/i> business in tech.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Russell's idea is at the center of a debate going on right now in computer science. \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“So, imagine, if you want to build a robot to go in people’s homes,” Russell says. “This is something that could happen in the next decade,\" he says.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003cdiv class='utils-parseShortcode-shortcodes-__shortcodes__shortcodeWrapper'>\n \u003ciframe width='100%' height='166'\n scrolling='no' frameborder='no'\n src='https://w.soundcloud.com/player/?url=https://api.soundcloud.com/tracks/230150122&visual=true&color=ff5500&auto_play=false&hide_related=false&show_comments=true&show_user=true&show_reposts=false'\n title='https://api.soundcloud.com/tracks/230150122'>\n \u003c/iframe>\n \u003c/div>\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>He says that at first robots will do chores around the house, such as cooking, cleaning and laundry. But eventually they will take on more human tasks.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Right now in Japan there’s a robot named \u003ca href=\"https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=kCFYw8mIqcc\">Pepper \u003c/a>that’s designed to serve as a human companion. It's being tested with senior citizens. The idea is that instead of getting your granny a cat to keep her company, you’d get her Pepper. Russell imagines that one day robots will take care of our kids.\u003c/p>\n\u003caside class=\"pullquote alignright\">'Presumably the robot companies will get their values loaded into the robot from a values company.'\u003c/aside>\n\u003cp>“If you want to build a robot to go into people’s homes, you don’t want to come home and find it’s put the cat in the oven for dinner, thinking that was a good thing to do because the kids were hungry and there was nothing in the fridge, right?” asks Russell.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But how would the robot know that’s not what you wanted?\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“You would want that robot preloaded with a pretty good set of values,\" Russell says. \"So presumably the robot companies will get their values loaded into the robot from a values company.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_10734627\" class=\"wp-caption alignright\" style=\"max-width: 800px\">\u003cimg src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2015/10/PepperWithKids-800x670.jpg\" alt=\"The humanoid robot Pepper chats with children at a high-tech gadgets exhibition in Tokyo.\" width=\"800\" height=\"670\" class=\"size-medium wp-image-10734627\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2015/10/PepperWithKids-800x670.jpg 800w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2015/10/PepperWithKids-400x335.jpg 400w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2015/10/PepperWithKids-1440x1207.jpg 1440w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2015/10/PepperWithKids.jpg 1920w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2015/10/PepperWithKids-1180x989.jpg 1180w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2015/10/PepperWithKids-960x805.jpg 960w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">The humanoid robot Pepper chats with children at a high-tech gadgets exhibition in Tokyo. \u003ccite>(YOSHIKAZU TSUNO/AFP/Getty Images)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Sounds a little creepy, no? Russell says fear of the brave new world of robots is as old as the word itself. In fact, the word \"robot\" was coined in a \u003ca href=\"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/R.U.R.\">play \u003c/a>in which robots take over the world. From \"Frankenstein\" to \"The Terminator,\" that theme has run through the arts and popular culture ever since.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But Russell says for the most part, scientists didn’t take such concerns seriously.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"The normal response to those kinds of things is to say, 'Oh well, you know it’s a long way off in the future, so we don’t have to worry about this,' ” says Russell.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But recently that attitude has changed. In the past few years, scientists have been more vocal about the dangers artificial intelligence could pose to humanity. Theoretical physicist Stephen Hawking told the BBC that he thinks the “development of full artificial intelligence could spell the end of the human race.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>And earlier this year Hawking and hundreds of AI researchers signed an\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">\u003ca href=\"http://futureoflife.org/AI/open_letter\"> open letter\u003c/a>, saying that if the industry doesn’t start building safeguards into artificial intelligence it could spell doom for humanity. Tesla CEO Elon Musk, who also signed the letter, gave \u003ca href=\"http://www.businessinsider.com/how-elon-musks-10-million-donation-will-help-keep-us-safe-from-artificial-intelligence-2015-7\">$10 million\u003c/a> to the cause. He went so far as to say that artificial intelligence \u003c/span>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">could be\u003c/span>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\"> humanity’s biggest “\u003ca href=\"http://www.theguardian.com/technology/2014/oct/27/elon-musk-artificial-intelligence-ai-biggest-existential-threat\">existential threat\u003c/a>.”\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_10734694\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 800px\">\u003cimg src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2015/10/Hawking-800x579.jpg\" alt='Physicist Stephen Hawking has said the \"development of full artificial intelligence could spell the end of the human race.\"' width=\"800\" height=\"579\" class=\"size-medium wp-image-10734694\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2015/10/Hawking-800x579.jpg 800w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2015/10/Hawking-400x289.jpg 400w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2015/10/Hawking-1440x1042.jpg 1440w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2015/10/Hawking.jpg 1920w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2015/10/Hawking-1180x854.jpg 1180w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2015/10/Hawking-960x695.jpg 960w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Physicist Stephen Hawking has said the \"development of full artificial intelligence could spell the end of the human race.\" \u003ccite>(Frederick M. Brown/Getty Images)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Russell also signed the letter, but he says his view is less apocalyptic. He says that, until now, the field of artificial intelligence has been singularly focused on giving robots the ability to make “high-quality” decisions.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“At the moment, we don’t know how to give the robot what you might call human values\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">,” he says.\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But Russell believes that as this problem becomes clearer, it’s only natural that people will start to focus their energy on solving it.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>And he says, not to be flip, but nobody’s going to buy a robot that cooks a cat. So it’s just a matter of time before tech companies, universities and the government start pouring resources into programming robots with morals.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"In some sense [the robots'] only purpose in existing is to help us realize our values, and perhaps it'll make people better,\" says Russell.\u003c/p>\n\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>",
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"content": "\u003cp>Arts organizations in the South Bay have often struggled for survival in a region where people sometimes seem too busy with their jobs for an evening of entertainment.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>So what happens when San Jose’s \u003ca href=\"http://cltc.org/\" target=\"_blank\">City Lights Theater Company\u003c/a> tries to get techies interested in theater with a play called \"Build,\" by \u003ca href=\"http://www.michaelgolamco.com/\" target=\"_blank\">Michael Golamco\u003c/a>, about two video game designers?\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[soundcloud url=\"https://api.soundcloud.com/tracks/192651878\" params=\"color=ff5500&auto_play=false&hide_related=false&show_comments=true&show_user=true&show_reposts=false\" width=\"100%\" height=\"166\" iframe=\"true\" /]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“I always ask myself when we’re choosing plays: Are we speaking to our community?” says Lisa Mallette. She’s executive artistic director for City Lights, and she directed this production.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“We’re in the heart of Silicon Valley, and this play is about video game programmers and artificial intelligence. And it speaks directly to those people in their language.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"Build\" gives us two programmers, one in a bathrobe, the other in a designer suit, mostly in front of their computers at a kitchen table in a Palo Alto ranch house, trying to beat a deadline. Meanwhile, one of the programmers is in love with an artificial intelligence program he’s created to simulate his late wife.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>(Golamco wrote this human-AI love story a year before the 2013 release of \"\u003ca href=\"http://www.imdb.com/title/tt1798709/\" target=\"_blank\">Her\u003c/a>,\" the Spike Jonze film with a similar theme.)\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_10439050\" class=\"wp-caption alignright\" style=\"max-width: 800px\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2015/02/RS14354_photo-qut.jpg\">\u003cimg src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2015/02/RS14354_photo-qut-800x600.jpg\" alt=\"Lisa Mallette, Executive Artistic Director City Lights Theater Company\" width=\"800\" height=\"600\" class=\"size-medium wp-image-10439050\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2015/02/RS14354_photo-qut-800x600.jpg 800w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2015/02/RS14354_photo-qut-400x300.jpg 400w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2015/02/RS14354_photo-qut-1440x1080.jpg 1440w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2015/02/RS14354_photo-qut.jpg 1920w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Lisa Mallette, Executive Artistic Director City Lights Theater Company. \u003ccite>(Cy Musiker/KQED)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>The play and another audience-building strategy made for an unique pre-show experience on a recent night.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>City Lights had partnered with \u003ca href=\"http://rockagesj.com/\" target=\"_blank\">Rockage,\u003c/a> a vintage video game festival, and founder Eric Fanali set up a few games in the theater lobby before curtain time, including Super Nintendo’s \"Teenage Mutant Ninja Turtles\" from 1991.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Fanali says the cliche of techies too busy with work to do anything else is often all too real.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“There’s a big interest, and people are all about supporting the arts down here. It’s just a matter of getting people away from their busy schedules and jobs enough to do it,” he says.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Gaming culture got at least one audience member in the door. Brandon de la Cruz is a freshman at \u003ca href=\"http://www.deanza.edu/\" target=\"_blank\">De Anza College\u003c/a> attending his first play ever, to fulfill a class requirement.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“ 'Cause I’m a big gamer myself,” de la Cruz says, with his eyes glued on a monitor and his fingers flicking a game controller, “and I was really interested that I can see a play, my first play would be about games. So that really hooked me on.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>De la Cruz’s attendance may not seem like a big win, but South Bay arts groups are fighting for audience members just like him, part of a changing demographic, younger, more Latino, more Asian.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But even a full house doesn’t guarantee success. Ticket sales rarely make up more than 50 percent of a company’s revenue. The rest comes from donations and grants, and that has often been a frustrating process for City Lights, said development manager Anne Younan.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“There are a lot of high-tech companies in this area with a lot of money,” she says.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But Younan says tech companies often tell City Lights they’re focusing their philanthropy on what’s called STEM (science, technology, engineering, mathematics).\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>For instance, San Disk stopped funding City Lights' student education program a few years ago\u003c/p>\n\u003caside class=\"pullquote alignleft\">I always ask myself when we’re choosing plays: Are we speaking to our community? \u003ccite>Lisa Mallette, executive artistic director for City Lights\u003c/cite>\u003c/aside>\n\u003cp>“We submitted our grant,” Younan says, “and got the response, ‘Sorry, we aren’t doing that anymore. We’re pulling the arts and culture out of our funding priorities, and we’re just sticking to STEM.’ \"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“That was a big blow.” Younan says. “That was $10,000 annually that we won’t get anymore.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>City Lights also submitted a grant to Adobe to pay for software and a microphone used in the production of \"Build,\" but was turned down.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>KQED emailed spokespeople at Adobe and San Disk last week, but didn't hear back in time for this story.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Back at the theater, the cast and staff were handing out cheese and wine for the after-show party.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“I’m not much of an arts guy myself. I’m an engineer,” says Steven Meredith, a not-so-young white techie, an engineering vice president at Citrix in Santa Clara. “I had a long week this week at the office, and this is something that’s very different for me. And it’s a real change, a real break from what I do. So, I really enjoy it.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Meredith says his wife had to drag him to the theater, but he adds that he’ll be back.\u003c/p>\n\n",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>Arts organizations in the South Bay have often struggled for survival in a region where people sometimes seem too busy with their jobs for an evening of entertainment.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>So what happens when San Jose’s \u003ca href=\"http://cltc.org/\" target=\"_blank\">City Lights Theater Company\u003c/a> tries to get techies interested in theater with a play called \"Build,\" by \u003ca href=\"http://www.michaelgolamco.com/\" target=\"_blank\">Michael Golamco\u003c/a>, about two video game designers?\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003cdiv class='utils-parseShortcode-shortcodes-__shortcodes__shortcodeWrapper'>\n \u003ciframe width='100%' height='166'\n scrolling='no' frameborder='no'\n src='https://w.soundcloud.com/player/?url=https://api.soundcloud.com/tracks/192651878&visual=true&color=ff5500&auto_play=false&hide_related=false&show_comments=true&show_user=true&show_reposts=false'\n title='https://api.soundcloud.com/tracks/192651878'>\n \u003c/iframe>\n \u003c/div>\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“I always ask myself when we’re choosing plays: Are we speaking to our community?” says Lisa Mallette. She’s executive artistic director for City Lights, and she directed this production.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“We’re in the heart of Silicon Valley, and this play is about video game programmers and artificial intelligence. And it speaks directly to those people in their language.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"Build\" gives us two programmers, one in a bathrobe, the other in a designer suit, mostly in front of their computers at a kitchen table in a Palo Alto ranch house, trying to beat a deadline. Meanwhile, one of the programmers is in love with an artificial intelligence program he’s created to simulate his late wife.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>(Golamco wrote this human-AI love story a year before the 2013 release of \"\u003ca href=\"http://www.imdb.com/title/tt1798709/\" target=\"_blank\">Her\u003c/a>,\" the Spike Jonze film with a similar theme.)\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_10439050\" class=\"wp-caption alignright\" style=\"max-width: 800px\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2015/02/RS14354_photo-qut.jpg\">\u003cimg src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2015/02/RS14354_photo-qut-800x600.jpg\" alt=\"Lisa Mallette, Executive Artistic Director City Lights Theater Company\" width=\"800\" height=\"600\" class=\"size-medium wp-image-10439050\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2015/02/RS14354_photo-qut-800x600.jpg 800w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2015/02/RS14354_photo-qut-400x300.jpg 400w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2015/02/RS14354_photo-qut-1440x1080.jpg 1440w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2015/02/RS14354_photo-qut.jpg 1920w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Lisa Mallette, Executive Artistic Director City Lights Theater Company. \u003ccite>(Cy Musiker/KQED)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>The play and another audience-building strategy made for an unique pre-show experience on a recent night.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>City Lights had partnered with \u003ca href=\"http://rockagesj.com/\" target=\"_blank\">Rockage,\u003c/a> a vintage video game festival, and founder Eric Fanali set up a few games in the theater lobby before curtain time, including Super Nintendo’s \"Teenage Mutant Ninja Turtles\" from 1991.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Fanali says the cliche of techies too busy with work to do anything else is often all too real.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“There’s a big interest, and people are all about supporting the arts down here. It’s just a matter of getting people away from their busy schedules and jobs enough to do it,” he says.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Gaming culture got at least one audience member in the door. Brandon de la Cruz is a freshman at \u003ca href=\"http://www.deanza.edu/\" target=\"_blank\">De Anza College\u003c/a> attending his first play ever, to fulfill a class requirement.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“ 'Cause I’m a big gamer myself,” de la Cruz says, with his eyes glued on a monitor and his fingers flicking a game controller, “and I was really interested that I can see a play, my first play would be about games. So that really hooked me on.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>De la Cruz’s attendance may not seem like a big win, but South Bay arts groups are fighting for audience members just like him, part of a changing demographic, younger, more Latino, more Asian.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But even a full house doesn’t guarantee success. Ticket sales rarely make up more than 50 percent of a company’s revenue. The rest comes from donations and grants, and that has often been a frustrating process for City Lights, said development manager Anne Younan.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“There are a lot of high-tech companies in this area with a lot of money,” she says.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But Younan says tech companies often tell City Lights they’re focusing their philanthropy on what’s called STEM (science, technology, engineering, mathematics).\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>For instance, San Disk stopped funding City Lights' student education program a few years ago\u003c/p>\n\u003caside class=\"pullquote alignleft\">I always ask myself when we’re choosing plays: Are we speaking to our community? \u003ccite>Lisa Mallette, executive artistic director for City Lights\u003c/cite>\u003c/aside>\n\u003cp>“We submitted our grant,” Younan says, “and got the response, ‘Sorry, we aren’t doing that anymore. We’re pulling the arts and culture out of our funding priorities, and we’re just sticking to STEM.’ \"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“That was a big blow.” Younan says. “That was $10,000 annually that we won’t get anymore.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>City Lights also submitted a grant to Adobe to pay for software and a microphone used in the production of \"Build,\" but was turned down.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>KQED emailed spokespeople at Adobe and San Disk last week, but didn't hear back in time for this story.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Back at the theater, the cast and staff were handing out cheese and wine for the after-show party.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“I’m not much of an arts guy myself. I’m an engineer,” says Steven Meredith, a not-so-young white techie, an engineering vice president at Citrix in Santa Clara. “I had a long week this week at the office, and this is something that’s very different for me. And it’s a real change, a real break from what I do. 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"content": "\u003cp>Last month the Computer History Museum in Mountain View, in partnership with the Bay Area Science Festival, held a panel about our coming robot overlords, euphemistically called \"\u003ca href=\"www.computerhistory.org/events/past/#challenge-promise-artificial-intelligence-bay\">The Challenge and Promise of Artificial Intelligence\u003c/a>.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Two leading researchers in the field, \u003ca href=\"http://research.microsoft.com/en-us/um/people/horvitz/\">Eric Horvitz\u003c/a> of Microsoft Research and \u003ca href=\"http://norvig.com/\">Peter Norvig\u003c/a> of Google, talked about the future of AI and how prevalent it is already in everyday technology.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In this clip, Norvig gives a status report on Google's famous \u003ca href=\"https://www.google.com/search?q=google+driverless+car\">driverless car project\u003c/a>. \"They're about at the level of human drivers,\" he says, \"which is not that high a barrier.\" \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Also, after that bit, the question is posed as to what work of sci-fi will end up most closely depicting future reality in respect to artificial intelligence. Norvig names \u003ca href=\"http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rainbows_End\">Rainbows End\u003c/a>, by Vernor Vinge. \u003c/p>\n\u003cdiv style=\"text-align: center\">\u003ciframe width=\"480\" height=\"274\" src=\"http://www.youtube.com/embed/VxF841qbLfs#t=54m15s\" frameborder=\"0\">\u003c/iframe>\u003c/div>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Watch the \u003ca href=\"http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=VxF841qbLfs&feature=player_embedded\">entire discussion\u003c/a> below...\u003c/p>\n\u003cdiv style=\"text-align: center\">\u003ciframe width=\"480\" height=\"274\" src=\"http://www.youtube.com/embed/VxF841qbLfs\" frameborder=\"0\">\u003c/iframe>\u003c/div>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\n",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>Last month the Computer History Museum in Mountain View, in partnership with the Bay Area Science Festival, held a panel about our coming robot overlords, euphemistically called \"\u003ca href=\"www.computerhistory.org/events/past/#challenge-promise-artificial-intelligence-bay\">The Challenge and Promise of Artificial Intelligence\u003c/a>.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Two leading researchers in the field, \u003ca href=\"http://research.microsoft.com/en-us/um/people/horvitz/\">Eric Horvitz\u003c/a> of Microsoft Research and \u003ca href=\"http://norvig.com/\">Peter Norvig\u003c/a> of Google, talked about the future of AI and how prevalent it is already in everyday technology.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In this clip, Norvig gives a status report on Google's famous \u003ca href=\"https://www.google.com/search?q=google+driverless+car\">driverless car project\u003c/a>. \"They're about at the level of human drivers,\" he says, \"which is not that high a barrier.\" \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Also, after that bit, the question is posed as to what work of sci-fi will end up most closely depicting future reality in respect to artificial intelligence. Norvig names \u003ca href=\"http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rainbows_End\">Rainbows End\u003c/a>, by Vernor Vinge. \u003c/p>\n\u003cdiv style=\"text-align: center\">\u003ciframe width=\"480\" height=\"274\" src=\"http://www.youtube.com/embed/VxF841qbLfs#t=54m15s\" frameborder=\"0\">\u003c/iframe>\u003c/div>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"soldout": {
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