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"content": "\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Updated 1:30 p.m. Friday:\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>A federal judge in Hawaii has put new limits on the Trump administration's travel ban on people from six predominantly Muslim countries. The judge is allowing entry by grandparents, grandchildren and other family members of people in the United States.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In an order issued late Thursday, federal District Court Judge Derrick Watson also found that any refugees with ties to resettlement agencies in the U.S. that are preparing to receive them should be exempt from the travel ban.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>It's another legal setback for an executive order that's been tied up in court for months. Attorney General Jeff Sessions says the administration will ask the U.S. Supreme Court to void the judge's ruling.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The Supreme Court ruled in June that a scaled-back version of the ban on people seeking to travel here from Iran, Libya, Somalia, Sudan, Syria and Yemen could proceed. But the high court said it could not be enforced against those who have a \"bona fide relationship\" with people in the U.S.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The Trump administration said that would include parents, spouses, fiances, sons, daughters, sons-in-law, daughters-in-law or siblings. But the government excluded grandparents and grandchildren from its definition of \"close family,\" along with brothers-in-law, sisters-in-law, aunts, uncles, nieces, nephews and cousins.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"[T]he Government's definition represents the antithesis of common sense,\" Watson wrote. \"Common sense, for instance, dictates that close family members be defined to include grandparents. Indeed, grandparents are the epitome of close family members. The Government's definition excludes them. That simply cannot be.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Watson's order is also a win for refugee resettlement agencies. They argued that their relationship with refugees who have already been approved to travel to the U.S. should count as \"bona fide\" under the Supreme Court's order. Lawyers for the Trump administration argued otherwise, because the State Department acts as an intermediary until the refugee actually arrives in the U.S.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But the judge rejected the administration's argument.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"An assurance from a United States refugee resettlement agency, in fact, meets each of the Supreme Court's touchstones: it is formal, it is a documented contract, it is binding, it triggers responsibilities and obligations,\" Watson wrote. \"Bona fide does not get any more bona fide than that.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Watson's decision could open the door for tens of thousands of additional refugees who have been approved for travel, but would have been barred from entry into the U.S. under the travel ban. Earlier this week, the refugee program reached the cap of 50,000 refugees – not necessarily with family ties – for the 2017 fiscal year that was imposed by the executive order.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Thursday's ruling came in response to the state of Hawaii's request for an injunction against the Trump administration's enforcement of the ban on expanded family members and refugees.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"https://ag.hawaii.gov/wp-content/uploads/2017/01/News-Release-2017-90.pdf\">In a statement\u003c/a>, Hawaii Attorney General Douglas Chin said, \"The federal court today makes clear that the U.S. Government may not ignore the scope of the partial travel ban as it sees fit. Family members have been separated and real people have suffered enough. Courts have found that this Executive Order has no basis in stopping terrorism and is just a pretext for illegal and unconstitutional discrimination. We will continue preparing for arguments before the U.S. Supreme Court in October.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In Washington, Attorney General Sessions released a statement saying, \"Once again, we are faced with a situation in which a single federal district court has undertaken by a nationwide injunction to micromanage decisions of the co-equal Executive Branch related to our national security.\" He said he will appeal the Hawaii judge's action to the Supreme Court to \"vindicate the rule of law and the Executive Branch's duty to protect the nation.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cdiv class=\"fullattribution\">Copyright 2017 NPR. To see more, visit http://www.npr.org/.\u003cimg src=\"https://www.google-analytics.com/__utm.gif?utmac=UA-5828686-4&utmdt=Hawaii+Judge+Exempts+Grandparents+And+Other+Relatives+From+Trump+Travel+Ban&utme=8(APIKey)9(MDAxOTAwOTE4MDEyMTkxMDAzNjczZDljZA004)\">\u003c/div>\n\n",
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"excerpt": "A U.S. District Court judge in Hawaii ordered the Trump administration not to enforce the travel ban on grandparents, grandchildren, aunts, uncle, and other relatives.",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Updated 1:30 p.m. Friday:\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>A federal judge in Hawaii has put new limits on the Trump administration's travel ban on people from six predominantly Muslim countries. The judge is allowing entry by grandparents, grandchildren and other family members of people in the United States.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In an order issued late Thursday, federal District Court Judge Derrick Watson also found that any refugees with ties to resettlement agencies in the U.S. that are preparing to receive them should be exempt from the travel ban.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>It's another legal setback for an executive order that's been tied up in court for months. Attorney General Jeff Sessions says the administration will ask the U.S. Supreme Court to void the judge's ruling.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The Supreme Court ruled in June that a scaled-back version of the ban on people seeking to travel here from Iran, Libya, Somalia, Sudan, Syria and Yemen could proceed. But the high court said it could not be enforced against those who have a \"bona fide relationship\" with people in the U.S.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The Trump administration said that would include parents, spouses, fiances, sons, daughters, sons-in-law, daughters-in-law or siblings. But the government excluded grandparents and grandchildren from its definition of \"close family,\" along with brothers-in-law, sisters-in-law, aunts, uncles, nieces, nephews and cousins.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"[T]he Government's definition represents the antithesis of common sense,\" Watson wrote. \"Common sense, for instance, dictates that close family members be defined to include grandparents. Indeed, grandparents are the epitome of close family members. The Government's definition excludes them. That simply cannot be.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Watson's order is also a win for refugee resettlement agencies. They argued that their relationship with refugees who have already been approved to travel to the U.S. should count as \"bona fide\" under the Supreme Court's order. Lawyers for the Trump administration argued otherwise, because the State Department acts as an intermediary until the refugee actually arrives in the U.S.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But the judge rejected the administration's argument.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"An assurance from a United States refugee resettlement agency, in fact, meets each of the Supreme Court's touchstones: it is formal, it is a documented contract, it is binding, it triggers responsibilities and obligations,\" Watson wrote. \"Bona fide does not get any more bona fide than that.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Watson's decision could open the door for tens of thousands of additional refugees who have been approved for travel, but would have been barred from entry into the U.S. under the travel ban. Earlier this week, the refugee program reached the cap of 50,000 refugees – not necessarily with family ties – for the 2017 fiscal year that was imposed by the executive order.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Thursday's ruling came in response to the state of Hawaii's request for an injunction against the Trump administration's enforcement of the ban on expanded family members and refugees.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"https://ag.hawaii.gov/wp-content/uploads/2017/01/News-Release-2017-90.pdf\">In a statement\u003c/a>, Hawaii Attorney General Douglas Chin said, \"The federal court today makes clear that the U.S. Government may not ignore the scope of the partial travel ban as it sees fit. Family members have been separated and real people have suffered enough. Courts have found that this Executive Order has no basis in stopping terrorism and is just a pretext for illegal and unconstitutional discrimination. We will continue preparing for arguments before the U.S. Supreme Court in October.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In Washington, Attorney General Sessions released a statement saying, \"Once again, we are faced with a situation in which a single federal district court has undertaken by a nationwide injunction to micromanage decisions of the co-equal Executive Branch related to our national security.\" He said he will appeal the Hawaii judge's action to the Supreme Court to \"vindicate the rule of law and the Executive Branch's duty to protect the nation.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cdiv class=\"fullattribution\">Copyright 2017 NPR. To see more, visit http://www.npr.org/.\u003cimg src=\"https://www.google-analytics.com/__utm.gif?utmac=UA-5828686-4&utmdt=Hawaii+Judge+Exempts+Grandparents+And+Other+Relatives+From+Trump+Travel+Ban&utme=8(APIKey)9(MDAxOTAwOTE4MDEyMTkxMDAzNjczZDljZA004)\">\u003c/div>\n\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>",
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"disqusTitle": "Nonprofit Helps California's Asian-American Farmers Grow Their Business",
"title": "Nonprofit Helps California's Asian-American Farmers Grow Their Business",
"headTitle": "Bay Area Bites | KQED Food",
"content": "\u003cp>Growing up, Youa Yang did not envision himself taking over his family's business. His parents were Hmong refugees from Laos who arrived in Fresno, Calif., in the late 1980s and settled down to become farmers. He went to college for economics and mathematics and found himself knee-deep in the finance industry immediately after graduating.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But, while doing volunteer work, Yang crossed paths with Kyle Tsukahira, a program manager at \u003ca href=\"http://apifm.org/\">Asian Pacific Islander Forward Movement\u003c/a> (API), a non-profit dedicated to bringing culturally relevant produce to the Asian enclaves of Los Angeles. It was API that helped Yang see that his family farm had a lot more potential to grow – and gave him the tools to do it, like counseling in marketing, how to obtain organic certifications and the latest farming policies.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Now, Yang, 29, helps his parents run Padao Farms, a 15-acre plot that specializes in traditional Asian greens.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Then Yang went from client to consultant. He's fluent in Hmong and he helps translate the organization's workshops for his fellow Hmong farmers in the Central Valley.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"It made me think about what I really wanted to do in life and the blessings that I had,\" he says. \"What I realized is that my parents are farming in Fresno and that they could use my talents and abilities.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Yang's family farm grows a wide variety of produce catering specifically to an Asian palate. On a late spring day at the farm, one might find water spinach, with hollow stems that soak in the flavor of the garlic, and yam leaves, which are best gently sautéed with a dash of salt. There's bitter melon, which pairs well with black beans, and daikon roots, which are ideally pickled with a bit of white vinegar and sugar. The well-known bok choy is also available and is especially tasty when married to garlic, with a bit of salt and pepper.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In addition to farmers' markets across California, Yang's produce is distributed through \u003ca href=\"rootscsa.org\">Roots\u003c/a>, API's Los Angeles-based community-supported agriculture program, which he says has generated significant extra revenue for his farm and provided much-needed marketing assistance.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_119072\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 2000px\">\u003cimg src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/bayareabites/wp-content/uploads/sites/24/2017/07/pado-farms-photo-by-api_35182401212_o_enl-0d65730c1cfa50cd8313b18362ab9cfa48123e8a.jpg\" alt=\"A farmer checks on produce at Padao Farms, a 15-acre plot run by the Yang family in Fresno, Calif., that specializes in Asian greens.A farmer checks on produce at Padao Farms, a 15-acre plot run by the Yang family in Fresno, Calif., that specializes in Asian greens.\" width=\"2000\" height=\"1332\" class=\"size-full wp-image-119072\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/24/2017/07/pado-farms-photo-by-api_35182401212_o_enl-0d65730c1cfa50cd8313b18362ab9cfa48123e8a.jpg 2000w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/24/2017/07/pado-farms-photo-by-api_35182401212_o_enl-0d65730c1cfa50cd8313b18362ab9cfa48123e8a-160x107.jpg 160w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/24/2017/07/pado-farms-photo-by-api_35182401212_o_enl-0d65730c1cfa50cd8313b18362ab9cfa48123e8a-800x533.jpg 800w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/24/2017/07/pado-farms-photo-by-api_35182401212_o_enl-0d65730c1cfa50cd8313b18362ab9cfa48123e8a-768x511.jpg 768w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/24/2017/07/pado-farms-photo-by-api_35182401212_o_enl-0d65730c1cfa50cd8313b18362ab9cfa48123e8a-1020x679.jpg 1020w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/24/2017/07/pado-farms-photo-by-api_35182401212_o_enl-0d65730c1cfa50cd8313b18362ab9cfa48123e8a-1180x786.jpg 1180w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/24/2017/07/pado-farms-photo-by-api_35182401212_o_enl-0d65730c1cfa50cd8313b18362ab9cfa48123e8a-960x639.jpg 960w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/24/2017/07/pado-farms-photo-by-api_35182401212_o_enl-0d65730c1cfa50cd8313b18362ab9cfa48123e8a-240x160.jpg 240w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/24/2017/07/pado-farms-photo-by-api_35182401212_o_enl-0d65730c1cfa50cd8313b18362ab9cfa48123e8a-375x250.jpg 375w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/24/2017/07/pado-farms-photo-by-api_35182401212_o_enl-0d65730c1cfa50cd8313b18362ab9cfa48123e8a-520x346.jpg 520w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 2000px) 100vw, 2000px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">A farmer checks on produce at Padao Farms, a 15-acre plot run by the Yang family in Fresno, Calif., that specializes in Asian greens. \u003ccite>(Courtesy of Asian Pacific Islander Forward Movement)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>\"What is most difficult about farmers' market for farmers is not only the number [of] trips that it takes, but that they're not guaranteed to sell [their produce] or make the trip worth it,\" says API's Tsukahira.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Founded in 2013, API works directly with Asian farmers like Yang across California to provide local and healthy food to the Asian and Pacific Islander population in Los Angeles.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>According to the 2010 census, the greater Los Angeles metropolitan area has the highest concentration of Asian-Americans in the United States. Over the years, grocery store chains have popped up to serve this population. For Chinese-Americans, that's 99 Ranch and 168 Market. Mitsuwa, Nijiya and Marukai markets, which are three separate market chains, cater to Japanese-Americans, and Galleria and Zion markets target Korean-Americans.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"Not every Asian enclave has access to a grocery store that's selling culturally relevant produce,\" says Tsukahira, noting that L.A.'s Historic Filipinotown is considered a food desert.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"There are more liquor stores and fast food restaurants than grocery stores, and many community members have to take public transit for about an hour to get to a supermarket,\" Paul Nguyen, a program coordinator at API, notes of the area.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>And for the communities that do have access to a supermarket selling Asian greens, the issue is transparency and localism. While conventional Asian grocery stores are decent at labeling the countries from which they source, the exact suppliers are not divulged and the geographic range is international — anywhere from Mexico to China to Vietnam.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"The thing is that we don't know where they're getting their produce from,\" Tsukahira says, adding, \"What we're trying to do is work with small, local farmers in California.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Over the years, API has worked with dozens of farms through its workshops. Additionally, it works directly with seven farms to distribute produce in the greater Los Angeles area. It's a small operation and the group also dedicates a lot of attention to fostering the Hmong farming community in Frenso County. According to a \u003ca href=\"http://www.ucanr.org/sites/Small_Farms_and_Specialty_Crop/files/88377.pdf\" target=\"_blank\">2007 survey\u003c/a>, there are roughly 1,500 small farms operated by southeast Asian farmers in Fresno County; about 900 of those are Hmong. They're part of a wave of immigrants who came to the United States in the 1980s and later because of persecution following the Vietnam War.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"A lot of them are first-generation immigrants and they're not informed about the rules and regulations and how to get into the farmers' markets,\" Nguyen says. \"We work with them to help get their story out.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Workshop topics include irrigation, food safety, bookkeeping, marketing, and organic certification.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_119074\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 2000px\">\u003cimg src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/bayareabites/wp-content/uploads/sites/24/2017/07/produce-photo-by-api_35182395152_o_custom-8f3a1518428a70337db8b762c81a107537ed5671.jpg\" alt=\"Carrots, bok choy and cucumbers produced by Asian farmers in California that work with the Asian Pacific Islander Forward Movement. The nonprofit helps small farms grow their business through workshops, counseling and produce distribution.\" width=\"2000\" height=\"1332\" class=\"size-full wp-image-119074\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/24/2017/07/produce-photo-by-api_35182395152_o_custom-8f3a1518428a70337db8b762c81a107537ed5671.jpg 2000w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/24/2017/07/produce-photo-by-api_35182395152_o_custom-8f3a1518428a70337db8b762c81a107537ed5671-160x107.jpg 160w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/24/2017/07/produce-photo-by-api_35182395152_o_custom-8f3a1518428a70337db8b762c81a107537ed5671-800x533.jpg 800w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/24/2017/07/produce-photo-by-api_35182395152_o_custom-8f3a1518428a70337db8b762c81a107537ed5671-768x511.jpg 768w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/24/2017/07/produce-photo-by-api_35182395152_o_custom-8f3a1518428a70337db8b762c81a107537ed5671-1020x679.jpg 1020w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/24/2017/07/produce-photo-by-api_35182395152_o_custom-8f3a1518428a70337db8b762c81a107537ed5671-1180x786.jpg 1180w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/24/2017/07/produce-photo-by-api_35182395152_o_custom-8f3a1518428a70337db8b762c81a107537ed5671-960x639.jpg 960w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/24/2017/07/produce-photo-by-api_35182395152_o_custom-8f3a1518428a70337db8b762c81a107537ed5671-240x160.jpg 240w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/24/2017/07/produce-photo-by-api_35182395152_o_custom-8f3a1518428a70337db8b762c81a107537ed5671-375x250.jpg 375w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/24/2017/07/produce-photo-by-api_35182395152_o_custom-8f3a1518428a70337db8b762c81a107537ed5671-520x346.jpg 520w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 2000px) 100vw, 2000px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Carrots, bok choy and cucumbers produced by Asian farmers in California that work with the Asian Pacific Islander Forward Movement. The nonprofit helps small farms grow their business through workshops, counseling and produce distribution. \u003ccite>(Courtesy of Asian Pacific Islander Forward Movement)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>The irrigation workshop, Yang noted, was one of the most helpful and generated the most interest from farmers.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"They taught us the best time to water so you don't get charged as much. And it helped me schedule my water more effectively,\" Yang says. \"The other farmers were really interested because they could finally see why the bills were so high.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Aside from helping farmers with logistics, the ultimate goal for API is to create a food hub — a distribution network in Los Angeles that will provide traditional Asian produce to restaurants, schools, hospitals, community institutions and stores, so that small farmers won't have to make the cumbersome trip into the city on a weekly basis. Even as generations continue to become more Americanized, the produce is a way to maintain cultural relevancy and diversity.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>API is also gearing up to start a farmer incubation program, in which the organization will purchase land, obtain all the proper certifications for organic labeling and then lease plots out to the farmers.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>On the consumer end, API is offering subsidized vegetables and fruits for low-income families, and cooking and nutrition workshops at affordable housing units.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The focus, ultimately, is the Asian-American community, which makes up 14.7 percent of the metropolitan Los Angeles population. Leafy greens for sautéing, crisp daikon roots for pickling, and mustard greens for salting are an integral part of the population's cultural identity. Yang says his biggest concern isn't a lack of demand for Asian produce, but a lack of farmers to feed that demand.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"We've gotten to a point where people are so disconnected [from] their food and their groceries. With that said, it's one of my favorite things to meet the mothers that show up for our produce,\" Yang says. \"They feed their families with recipes that they grew up with. And it's a huge benefit for them to have access to a price that they're used to.\" \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad floatright]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp> \u003cem>Copyright 2017 \u003ca href=\"http://www.npr.org/\">NPR\u003c/a>.\u003c/em> \u003c/p>\n\n",
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"excerpt": "Traditional Asian greens like crisp daikon roots for pickling are an integral part of Asian-American cultural identity. A nonprofit is helping small farmers meet high demand in Asian enclaves.",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>Growing up, Youa Yang did not envision himself taking over his family's business. His parents were Hmong refugees from Laos who arrived in Fresno, Calif., in the late 1980s and settled down to become farmers. He went to college for economics and mathematics and found himself knee-deep in the finance industry immediately after graduating.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But, while doing volunteer work, Yang crossed paths with Kyle Tsukahira, a program manager at \u003ca href=\"http://apifm.org/\">Asian Pacific Islander Forward Movement\u003c/a> (API), a non-profit dedicated to bringing culturally relevant produce to the Asian enclaves of Los Angeles. It was API that helped Yang see that his family farm had a lot more potential to grow – and gave him the tools to do it, like counseling in marketing, how to obtain organic certifications and the latest farming policies.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Now, Yang, 29, helps his parents run Padao Farms, a 15-acre plot that specializes in traditional Asian greens.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Then Yang went from client to consultant. He's fluent in Hmong and he helps translate the organization's workshops for his fellow Hmong farmers in the Central Valley.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"It made me think about what I really wanted to do in life and the blessings that I had,\" he says. \"What I realized is that my parents are farming in Fresno and that they could use my talents and abilities.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Yang's family farm grows a wide variety of produce catering specifically to an Asian palate. On a late spring day at the farm, one might find water spinach, with hollow stems that soak in the flavor of the garlic, and yam leaves, which are best gently sautéed with a dash of salt. There's bitter melon, which pairs well with black beans, and daikon roots, which are ideally pickled with a bit of white vinegar and sugar. The well-known bok choy is also available and is especially tasty when married to garlic, with a bit of salt and pepper.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In addition to farmers' markets across California, Yang's produce is distributed through \u003ca href=\"rootscsa.org\">Roots\u003c/a>, API's Los Angeles-based community-supported agriculture program, which he says has generated significant extra revenue for his farm and provided much-needed marketing assistance.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_119072\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 2000px\">\u003cimg src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/bayareabites/wp-content/uploads/sites/24/2017/07/pado-farms-photo-by-api_35182401212_o_enl-0d65730c1cfa50cd8313b18362ab9cfa48123e8a.jpg\" alt=\"A farmer checks on produce at Padao Farms, a 15-acre plot run by the Yang family in Fresno, Calif., that specializes in Asian greens.A farmer checks on produce at Padao Farms, a 15-acre plot run by the Yang family in Fresno, Calif., that specializes in Asian greens.\" width=\"2000\" height=\"1332\" class=\"size-full wp-image-119072\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/24/2017/07/pado-farms-photo-by-api_35182401212_o_enl-0d65730c1cfa50cd8313b18362ab9cfa48123e8a.jpg 2000w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/24/2017/07/pado-farms-photo-by-api_35182401212_o_enl-0d65730c1cfa50cd8313b18362ab9cfa48123e8a-160x107.jpg 160w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/24/2017/07/pado-farms-photo-by-api_35182401212_o_enl-0d65730c1cfa50cd8313b18362ab9cfa48123e8a-800x533.jpg 800w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/24/2017/07/pado-farms-photo-by-api_35182401212_o_enl-0d65730c1cfa50cd8313b18362ab9cfa48123e8a-768x511.jpg 768w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/24/2017/07/pado-farms-photo-by-api_35182401212_o_enl-0d65730c1cfa50cd8313b18362ab9cfa48123e8a-1020x679.jpg 1020w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/24/2017/07/pado-farms-photo-by-api_35182401212_o_enl-0d65730c1cfa50cd8313b18362ab9cfa48123e8a-1180x786.jpg 1180w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/24/2017/07/pado-farms-photo-by-api_35182401212_o_enl-0d65730c1cfa50cd8313b18362ab9cfa48123e8a-960x639.jpg 960w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/24/2017/07/pado-farms-photo-by-api_35182401212_o_enl-0d65730c1cfa50cd8313b18362ab9cfa48123e8a-240x160.jpg 240w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/24/2017/07/pado-farms-photo-by-api_35182401212_o_enl-0d65730c1cfa50cd8313b18362ab9cfa48123e8a-375x250.jpg 375w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/24/2017/07/pado-farms-photo-by-api_35182401212_o_enl-0d65730c1cfa50cd8313b18362ab9cfa48123e8a-520x346.jpg 520w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 2000px) 100vw, 2000px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">A farmer checks on produce at Padao Farms, a 15-acre plot run by the Yang family in Fresno, Calif., that specializes in Asian greens. \u003ccite>(Courtesy of Asian Pacific Islander Forward Movement)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>\"What is most difficult about farmers' market for farmers is not only the number [of] trips that it takes, but that they're not guaranteed to sell [their produce] or make the trip worth it,\" says API's Tsukahira.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Founded in 2013, API works directly with Asian farmers like Yang across California to provide local and healthy food to the Asian and Pacific Islander population in Los Angeles.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>According to the 2010 census, the greater Los Angeles metropolitan area has the highest concentration of Asian-Americans in the United States. Over the years, grocery store chains have popped up to serve this population. For Chinese-Americans, that's 99 Ranch and 168 Market. Mitsuwa, Nijiya and Marukai markets, which are three separate market chains, cater to Japanese-Americans, and Galleria and Zion markets target Korean-Americans.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"Not every Asian enclave has access to a grocery store that's selling culturally relevant produce,\" says Tsukahira, noting that L.A.'s Historic Filipinotown is considered a food desert.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"There are more liquor stores and fast food restaurants than grocery stores, and many community members have to take public transit for about an hour to get to a supermarket,\" Paul Nguyen, a program coordinator at API, notes of the area.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>And for the communities that do have access to a supermarket selling Asian greens, the issue is transparency and localism. While conventional Asian grocery stores are decent at labeling the countries from which they source, the exact suppliers are not divulged and the geographic range is international — anywhere from Mexico to China to Vietnam.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"The thing is that we don't know where they're getting their produce from,\" Tsukahira says, adding, \"What we're trying to do is work with small, local farmers in California.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Over the years, API has worked with dozens of farms through its workshops. Additionally, it works directly with seven farms to distribute produce in the greater Los Angeles area. It's a small operation and the group also dedicates a lot of attention to fostering the Hmong farming community in Frenso County. According to a \u003ca href=\"http://www.ucanr.org/sites/Small_Farms_and_Specialty_Crop/files/88377.pdf\" target=\"_blank\">2007 survey\u003c/a>, there are roughly 1,500 small farms operated by southeast Asian farmers in Fresno County; about 900 of those are Hmong. They're part of a wave of immigrants who came to the United States in the 1980s and later because of persecution following the Vietnam War.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"A lot of them are first-generation immigrants and they're not informed about the rules and regulations and how to get into the farmers' markets,\" Nguyen says. \"We work with them to help get their story out.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Workshop topics include irrigation, food safety, bookkeeping, marketing, and organic certification.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_119074\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 2000px\">\u003cimg src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/bayareabites/wp-content/uploads/sites/24/2017/07/produce-photo-by-api_35182395152_o_custom-8f3a1518428a70337db8b762c81a107537ed5671.jpg\" alt=\"Carrots, bok choy and cucumbers produced by Asian farmers in California that work with the Asian Pacific Islander Forward Movement. The nonprofit helps small farms grow their business through workshops, counseling and produce distribution.\" width=\"2000\" height=\"1332\" class=\"size-full wp-image-119074\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/24/2017/07/produce-photo-by-api_35182395152_o_custom-8f3a1518428a70337db8b762c81a107537ed5671.jpg 2000w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/24/2017/07/produce-photo-by-api_35182395152_o_custom-8f3a1518428a70337db8b762c81a107537ed5671-160x107.jpg 160w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/24/2017/07/produce-photo-by-api_35182395152_o_custom-8f3a1518428a70337db8b762c81a107537ed5671-800x533.jpg 800w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/24/2017/07/produce-photo-by-api_35182395152_o_custom-8f3a1518428a70337db8b762c81a107537ed5671-768x511.jpg 768w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/24/2017/07/produce-photo-by-api_35182395152_o_custom-8f3a1518428a70337db8b762c81a107537ed5671-1020x679.jpg 1020w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/24/2017/07/produce-photo-by-api_35182395152_o_custom-8f3a1518428a70337db8b762c81a107537ed5671-1180x786.jpg 1180w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/24/2017/07/produce-photo-by-api_35182395152_o_custom-8f3a1518428a70337db8b762c81a107537ed5671-960x639.jpg 960w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/24/2017/07/produce-photo-by-api_35182395152_o_custom-8f3a1518428a70337db8b762c81a107537ed5671-240x160.jpg 240w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/24/2017/07/produce-photo-by-api_35182395152_o_custom-8f3a1518428a70337db8b762c81a107537ed5671-375x250.jpg 375w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/24/2017/07/produce-photo-by-api_35182395152_o_custom-8f3a1518428a70337db8b762c81a107537ed5671-520x346.jpg 520w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 2000px) 100vw, 2000px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Carrots, bok choy and cucumbers produced by Asian farmers in California that work with the Asian Pacific Islander Forward Movement. The nonprofit helps small farms grow their business through workshops, counseling and produce distribution. \u003ccite>(Courtesy of Asian Pacific Islander Forward Movement)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>The irrigation workshop, Yang noted, was one of the most helpful and generated the most interest from farmers.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"They taught us the best time to water so you don't get charged as much. And it helped me schedule my water more effectively,\" Yang says. \"The other farmers were really interested because they could finally see why the bills were so high.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Aside from helping farmers with logistics, the ultimate goal for API is to create a food hub — a distribution network in Los Angeles that will provide traditional Asian produce to restaurants, schools, hospitals, community institutions and stores, so that small farmers won't have to make the cumbersome trip into the city on a weekly basis. Even as generations continue to become more Americanized, the produce is a way to maintain cultural relevancy and diversity.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>API is also gearing up to start a farmer incubation program, in which the organization will purchase land, obtain all the proper certifications for organic labeling and then lease plots out to the farmers.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>On the consumer end, API is offering subsidized vegetables and fruits for low-income families, and cooking and nutrition workshops at affordable housing units.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The focus, ultimately, is the Asian-American community, which makes up 14.7 percent of the metropolitan Los Angeles population. Leafy greens for sautéing, crisp daikon roots for pickling, and mustard greens for salting are an integral part of the population's cultural identity. Yang says his biggest concern isn't a lack of demand for Asian produce, but a lack of farmers to feed that demand.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"We've gotten to a point where people are so disconnected [from] their food and their groceries. With that said, it's one of my favorite things to meet the mothers that show up for our produce,\" Yang says. \"They feed their families with recipes that they grew up with. And it's a huge benefit for them to have access to a price that they're used to.\" \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"disqusTitle": "Chinese Laborers Built Sonoma's Wineries. Racist Neighbors Drove Them Out",
"title": "Chinese Laborers Built Sonoma's Wineries. Racist Neighbors Drove Them Out",
"headTitle": "Bay Area Bites | KQED Food",
"content": "\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_119114\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 1920px\">\u003cimg src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/bayareabites/wp-content/uploads/sites/24/2017/07/transporting-wine-95f9af075d22ecf0aef6d5e5429b26f9702c44ff-e1499978410695.jpg\" alt=\"Chinese workers transport wine at Buena Vista, the oldest winery in California's Sonoma County, built in the mid-1800s. From the backbreaking labor of clearing roads and digging out caves to highly skilled horticultural work, Chinese laborers helped build Sonoma's wine country.\" width=\"1920\" height=\"1439\" class=\"size-full wp-image-119114\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Chinese workers transport wine at Buena Vista, the oldest winery in California's Sonoma County, built in the mid-1800s. From the backbreaking labor of clearing roads and digging out caves to highly skilled horticultural work, Chinese laborers helped build Sonoma's wine country. \u003ccite>(Courtesy of Buena Vista winery)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>In Sonoma Valley about an hour north of San Francisco, there are many reminders of the immigrants who built California's wine industry: tasting rooms that look like Italian villas or signs bearing French names. But you won't see any vestiges of the group that made up an estimated 80 percent of the workforce that first put Sonoma vineyards on the map: the Chinese.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"Not many Chinese people in this little town now,\" says Jack Ding, an immigrant from Jiangsu, China, who has been living in Sonoma since 2008. \"But some of my neighbors and friends said, 'Hey Jack, you're Chinese. Let me tell you stories of Chinese who lived here 50, 100 or 150 years ago.' These were verbal stories from the family, generation by generation.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>One of those friends was Gordon Phillips, a retired attorney and local historian who spent nine years researching the history of Chinese in Sonoma, poring over books, census data and old newspapers searching for articles, editorials and political advertisements mentioning Chinese workers. \"All these vintners were making money off these initial Chinese workers and nobody knows about it,\" Phillips says.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>To understand how Chinese workers arrived in California's wine country, one must look to the east — to the Sierra Nevada. As the Gold Rush of the mid-1800s petered out and the construction of the transcontinental railroad neared completion, there were Chinese immigrants looking for work. That's where two key immigrants came into play. In 1857, a wealthy Hungarian named Agoston Haraszthy purchased a ranch in Sonoma Valley and named it Buena Vista, with the vision of introducing winemaking techniques from his homeland. Historian Charles L. Sullivan, author of numerous books about California's wine industry, calls Haraszthy \"the great supporter of Chinese labor in the vineyards.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_119113\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 1920px\">\u003cimg src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/bayareabites/wp-content/uploads/sites/24/2017/07/ho-po_sq-127369c2e65bc54adcb3d96966979fa6b30cbb26-e1499978486820.jpg\" alt=\"Ho Po, a Chinese labor contractor from San Francisco, sent 150 of his countrymen to build Buena Vista.\" width=\"1920\" height=\"1921\" class=\"size-full wp-image-119113\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Ho Po, a Chinese labor contractor from San Francisco, sent 150 of his countrymen to build Buena Vista. \u003ccite>(Courtesy of Buena Vista winery)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Haraszthy turned to Ho Po, a Chinese labor contractor from San Francisco, who sent 150 of his countrymen to build Buena Vista, Sonoma's oldest commercial winery.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Those caves are still in use today at Buena Vista winery, where visitors can tour the 15-by-30-foot spaces carved out of rock. \"Workers literally dug the caves by hand,\" says Tom Blackwood, general manager of Buena Vista Winery. \"They still have the original markings. Those were the same skills they were using through the railroad.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Photos of Chinese men working in the fields and bottling wine are displayed in Buena Vista's tasting room. \"We feel it's more important than ever to talk about the reason we exist and the people who contributed to it — Chinese, Hungarian, French,\" says Jean-Charles Boisset, whose family company, Boisset Collection, bought the winery in 2011.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Cecilia Tsu, a history professor at the University of California, Davis who studies Asian-Americans in the West, points out that winemaking is much more labor-intensive than wheat or other crops grown earlier in the state.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_119115\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 641px\">\u003cimg src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/bayareabites/wp-content/uploads/sites/24/2017/07/bottlingatbuenavista_sq-f6d676a14a65b0faf288d661312b4ccec578023c.jpg\" alt=\"Photos of Chinese men working in the fields and bottling wine are displayed in Buena Vista's tasting room. "We feel it's more important than ever to talk about the reason we exist and the people who contributed to it − Chinese, Hungarian, French," says Jean-Charles Boisset, whose family company, Boisset Collection, bought the winery in 2011.\" width=\"641\" height=\"641\" class=\"size-full wp-image-119115\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/24/2017/07/bottlingatbuenavista_sq-f6d676a14a65b0faf288d661312b4ccec578023c.jpg 641w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/24/2017/07/bottlingatbuenavista_sq-f6d676a14a65b0faf288d661312b4ccec578023c-160x160.jpg 160w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/24/2017/07/bottlingatbuenavista_sq-f6d676a14a65b0faf288d661312b4ccec578023c-240x240.jpg 240w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/24/2017/07/bottlingatbuenavista_sq-f6d676a14a65b0faf288d661312b4ccec578023c-375x375.jpg 375w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/24/2017/07/bottlingatbuenavista_sq-f6d676a14a65b0faf288d661312b4ccec578023c-520x520.jpg 520w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/24/2017/07/bottlingatbuenavista_sq-f6d676a14a65b0faf288d661312b4ccec578023c-32x32.jpg 32w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/24/2017/07/bottlingatbuenavista_sq-f6d676a14a65b0faf288d661312b4ccec578023c-50x50.jpg 50w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/24/2017/07/bottlingatbuenavista_sq-f6d676a14a65b0faf288d661312b4ccec578023c-64x64.jpg 64w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/24/2017/07/bottlingatbuenavista_sq-f6d676a14a65b0faf288d661312b4ccec578023c-96x96.jpg 96w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/24/2017/07/bottlingatbuenavista_sq-f6d676a14a65b0faf288d661312b4ccec578023c-128x128.jpg 128w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/24/2017/07/bottlingatbuenavista_sq-f6d676a14a65b0faf288d661312b4ccec578023c-150x150.jpg 150w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 641px) 100vw, 641px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Photos of Chinese men working in the fields and bottling wine are displayed in Buena Vista's tasting room. \"We feel it's more important than ever to talk about the reason we exist and the people who contributed to it − Chinese, Hungarian, French,\" says Jean-Charles Boisset, whose family company, Boisset Collection, bought the winery in 2011. \u003ccite>( Eadweard Muybridge/Courtesy of Buena Vista winery)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>\"Chinese immigrants were indispensable on multiple levels,\" says Tsu. \"They built roads; cleared land for farming; planted, pruned and harvested grapes. They did backbreaking, physical labor, as well as horticultural work that required significant knowledge and skill.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Without Chinese workers, perhaps California wouldn't be famous for its most popular varietals. In his 2004 book \u003cem>The Beasts of the Field,\u003c/em> Richard Steven Street notes that between 1856 and 1869, Chinese planted the majority of Sonoma County's 3.2 million grapevines. \"The Chinese also played a key role in improving wine quality by ripping out old mission grape vineyards and replanting them with Riesling, Muscatel, Traminer, Black Hamburg, Cabernet Sauvignon, Chardonnay, and other fine French and European varieties,\" writes Street.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>However, as the vineyards grew, so did backlash against the Chinese on the West Coast. Anti-Chinese leagues were formed in many counties, with whites accusing Chinese of undercutting wages. Asians were paid about $30 per month, while white workers were paid up to $50 monthly. Others complained that the Chinese were unable to assimilate into local culture. Racism was common in nearby wine-producing areas, such as Napa and the Russian River Valley, although the Sonoma Valley might have been more hospitable.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"There was virtually no organized anti-Chinese agitation in the Sonoma Valley during the 1870s, much unlike what was common throughout much of the Bay Area, particularly in San Jose, Santa Rosa and Petaluma, even Napa,\" writes Sullivan in a \u003ca href=\"http://waywardtendrils.com/pdfs/vol.24_2014.pdf\">2014 article in the Wayward Tendrils Quarterly\u003c/a>. Haraszthy refused to stop employing Chinese at Buena Vista, despite the growing political opposition. He began carrying a gun to protect himself, and in 1868, he fled to Nicaragua to produce rum.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Meanwhile in wine country, nativist sentiments continued to take root. By 1877, lawmakers in Washington, D.C., debated a bill to stop Chinese immigration. Sonoma Valley grape grower John Hill testified in Congress to defend Chinese labor. \"He explained that Sonoma Valley grape growers depended on the 500 Chinese laborers employed in his 'neighborhood,' \" Phillips wrote in his 2015 thesis for his master's degree from Sonoma State University.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But spurred on by Denis Kearney's Workingmen's Party, a labor-oriented political group that supported nativist policies, Congress eventually passed the Chinese Exclusion Act in 1882, barring nearly all immigration from China. And whites drove out Chinese from many rural areas throughout the West. \"There was a movement to forcibly remove all the Chinese from Sonoma by starving them out — don't hire, don't patronize any shops that hire Chinese. During that period, a lot of Chinese left Sonoma. They were chewing on weeds down by the riverbanks, things got so bad,\" explains Phillips. According to U.S. Census data, the Chinese population in Sonoma County dropped \u003ca href=\"https://www2.census.gov/prod2/decennial/documents/1890a_v1-13.pdf\">from 1,145 in 1890\u003c/a> to \u003ca href=\"https://www2.census.gov/prod2/decennial/documents/1890a_v1-13.pdf\">fewer than 200 in 1930\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>That ugly past isn't always highlighted in the popular lore of the West. Nor are the contributions of the Chinese. \"We tend to assume that native-born American growers and maybe some European immigrants were pioneers of viticulture in California,\" Tsu says. \"[But] in reality, they were utterly dependent on Chinese immigrant labor.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>That erasure bothers Ding. \"It feels bad,\" he says. \"I went to a bookstore to look at Sonoma history books. I bought one, and I didn't see any pictures of the Chinese laborers.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Recently, there's been a movement to call attention to the Chinese legacy in wine country. Last fall, Phillips and Ding — along with the Sonoma-Penglai Sister City Committee — went before the Sonoma City Council to propose the building of a monument to the early Chinese. The council unanimously voted to approve the construction of a \u003cem>ting\u003c/em> (a tile-roofed covered pavilion) in a city park. \"It's a physical object that people can see is Chinese,\" explains Phillips. \"It'll attract their attention to something Chinese. When they read the plaque, they'll realize the vineyards are here based on a lot of Chinese labor.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>However, the city isn't funding the $75,000 cost of construction. The northeastern Chinese city of Penglai, also known for wine production, is donating $25,000. With other \u003ca href=\"https://sonomasistercitiesassociation.org/donors-to-the-wine-country-chinese-legacy-project-we-thank-you/\">fundraising\u003c/a>, the volunteers have raised $50,000. Construction is expected to begin as soon as the remainder of the money is raised.\u003c/p>\n\u003chr>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>Grace Hwang Lynch is a multimedia journalist based in the San Francisco Bay Area. She is currently working on a memoir about food, identity and caretaking. Follow her blog, \u003c/em>\u003ca href=\"http://hapamama.com/\">HapaMama.com\u003c/a>\u003cem>, or on Twitter @GraceHwangLynch.\u003c/em> \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad floatright]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Copyright 2017 \u003ca href=\"http://www.npr.org/\">NPR\u003c/a>. \u003c/p>\n\n",
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"excerpt": "Enjoying a chardonnay or cabernet sauvignon? In the 1800s, Chinese immigrants helped introduce those iconic varietals to California's wine country. But as vineyards grew, so did anti-Chinese fervor.",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_119114\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 1920px\">\u003cimg src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/bayareabites/wp-content/uploads/sites/24/2017/07/transporting-wine-95f9af075d22ecf0aef6d5e5429b26f9702c44ff-e1499978410695.jpg\" alt=\"Chinese workers transport wine at Buena Vista, the oldest winery in California's Sonoma County, built in the mid-1800s. From the backbreaking labor of clearing roads and digging out caves to highly skilled horticultural work, Chinese laborers helped build Sonoma's wine country.\" width=\"1920\" height=\"1439\" class=\"size-full wp-image-119114\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Chinese workers transport wine at Buena Vista, the oldest winery in California's Sonoma County, built in the mid-1800s. From the backbreaking labor of clearing roads and digging out caves to highly skilled horticultural work, Chinese laborers helped build Sonoma's wine country. \u003ccite>(Courtesy of Buena Vista winery)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>In Sonoma Valley about an hour north of San Francisco, there are many reminders of the immigrants who built California's wine industry: tasting rooms that look like Italian villas or signs bearing French names. But you won't see any vestiges of the group that made up an estimated 80 percent of the workforce that first put Sonoma vineyards on the map: the Chinese.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"Not many Chinese people in this little town now,\" says Jack Ding, an immigrant from Jiangsu, China, who has been living in Sonoma since 2008. \"But some of my neighbors and friends said, 'Hey Jack, you're Chinese. Let me tell you stories of Chinese who lived here 50, 100 or 150 years ago.' These were verbal stories from the family, generation by generation.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>One of those friends was Gordon Phillips, a retired attorney and local historian who spent nine years researching the history of Chinese in Sonoma, poring over books, census data and old newspapers searching for articles, editorials and political advertisements mentioning Chinese workers. \"All these vintners were making money off these initial Chinese workers and nobody knows about it,\" Phillips says.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>To understand how Chinese workers arrived in California's wine country, one must look to the east — to the Sierra Nevada. As the Gold Rush of the mid-1800s petered out and the construction of the transcontinental railroad neared completion, there were Chinese immigrants looking for work. That's where two key immigrants came into play. In 1857, a wealthy Hungarian named Agoston Haraszthy purchased a ranch in Sonoma Valley and named it Buena Vista, with the vision of introducing winemaking techniques from his homeland. Historian Charles L. Sullivan, author of numerous books about California's wine industry, calls Haraszthy \"the great supporter of Chinese labor in the vineyards.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_119113\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 1920px\">\u003cimg src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/bayareabites/wp-content/uploads/sites/24/2017/07/ho-po_sq-127369c2e65bc54adcb3d96966979fa6b30cbb26-e1499978486820.jpg\" alt=\"Ho Po, a Chinese labor contractor from San Francisco, sent 150 of his countrymen to build Buena Vista.\" width=\"1920\" height=\"1921\" class=\"size-full wp-image-119113\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Ho Po, a Chinese labor contractor from San Francisco, sent 150 of his countrymen to build Buena Vista. \u003ccite>(Courtesy of Buena Vista winery)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Haraszthy turned to Ho Po, a Chinese labor contractor from San Francisco, who sent 150 of his countrymen to build Buena Vista, Sonoma's oldest commercial winery.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Those caves are still in use today at Buena Vista winery, where visitors can tour the 15-by-30-foot spaces carved out of rock. \"Workers literally dug the caves by hand,\" says Tom Blackwood, general manager of Buena Vista Winery. \"They still have the original markings. Those were the same skills they were using through the railroad.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Photos of Chinese men working in the fields and bottling wine are displayed in Buena Vista's tasting room. \"We feel it's more important than ever to talk about the reason we exist and the people who contributed to it — Chinese, Hungarian, French,\" says Jean-Charles Boisset, whose family company, Boisset Collection, bought the winery in 2011.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Cecilia Tsu, a history professor at the University of California, Davis who studies Asian-Americans in the West, points out that winemaking is much more labor-intensive than wheat or other crops grown earlier in the state.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_119115\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 641px\">\u003cimg src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/bayareabites/wp-content/uploads/sites/24/2017/07/bottlingatbuenavista_sq-f6d676a14a65b0faf288d661312b4ccec578023c.jpg\" alt=\"Photos of Chinese men working in the fields and bottling wine are displayed in Buena Vista's tasting room. "We feel it's more important than ever to talk about the reason we exist and the people who contributed to it − Chinese, Hungarian, French," says Jean-Charles Boisset, whose family company, Boisset Collection, bought the winery in 2011.\" width=\"641\" height=\"641\" class=\"size-full wp-image-119115\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/24/2017/07/bottlingatbuenavista_sq-f6d676a14a65b0faf288d661312b4ccec578023c.jpg 641w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/24/2017/07/bottlingatbuenavista_sq-f6d676a14a65b0faf288d661312b4ccec578023c-160x160.jpg 160w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/24/2017/07/bottlingatbuenavista_sq-f6d676a14a65b0faf288d661312b4ccec578023c-240x240.jpg 240w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/24/2017/07/bottlingatbuenavista_sq-f6d676a14a65b0faf288d661312b4ccec578023c-375x375.jpg 375w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/24/2017/07/bottlingatbuenavista_sq-f6d676a14a65b0faf288d661312b4ccec578023c-520x520.jpg 520w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/24/2017/07/bottlingatbuenavista_sq-f6d676a14a65b0faf288d661312b4ccec578023c-32x32.jpg 32w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/24/2017/07/bottlingatbuenavista_sq-f6d676a14a65b0faf288d661312b4ccec578023c-50x50.jpg 50w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/24/2017/07/bottlingatbuenavista_sq-f6d676a14a65b0faf288d661312b4ccec578023c-64x64.jpg 64w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/24/2017/07/bottlingatbuenavista_sq-f6d676a14a65b0faf288d661312b4ccec578023c-96x96.jpg 96w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/24/2017/07/bottlingatbuenavista_sq-f6d676a14a65b0faf288d661312b4ccec578023c-128x128.jpg 128w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/24/2017/07/bottlingatbuenavista_sq-f6d676a14a65b0faf288d661312b4ccec578023c-150x150.jpg 150w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 641px) 100vw, 641px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Photos of Chinese men working in the fields and bottling wine are displayed in Buena Vista's tasting room. \"We feel it's more important than ever to talk about the reason we exist and the people who contributed to it − Chinese, Hungarian, French,\" says Jean-Charles Boisset, whose family company, Boisset Collection, bought the winery in 2011. \u003ccite>( Eadweard Muybridge/Courtesy of Buena Vista winery)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>\"Chinese immigrants were indispensable on multiple levels,\" says Tsu. \"They built roads; cleared land for farming; planted, pruned and harvested grapes. They did backbreaking, physical labor, as well as horticultural work that required significant knowledge and skill.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Without Chinese workers, perhaps California wouldn't be famous for its most popular varietals. In his 2004 book \u003cem>The Beasts of the Field,\u003c/em> Richard Steven Street notes that between 1856 and 1869, Chinese planted the majority of Sonoma County's 3.2 million grapevines. \"The Chinese also played a key role in improving wine quality by ripping out old mission grape vineyards and replanting them with Riesling, Muscatel, Traminer, Black Hamburg, Cabernet Sauvignon, Chardonnay, and other fine French and European varieties,\" writes Street.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>However, as the vineyards grew, so did backlash against the Chinese on the West Coast. Anti-Chinese leagues were formed in many counties, with whites accusing Chinese of undercutting wages. Asians were paid about $30 per month, while white workers were paid up to $50 monthly. Others complained that the Chinese were unable to assimilate into local culture. Racism was common in nearby wine-producing areas, such as Napa and the Russian River Valley, although the Sonoma Valley might have been more hospitable.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"There was virtually no organized anti-Chinese agitation in the Sonoma Valley during the 1870s, much unlike what was common throughout much of the Bay Area, particularly in San Jose, Santa Rosa and Petaluma, even Napa,\" writes Sullivan in a \u003ca href=\"http://waywardtendrils.com/pdfs/vol.24_2014.pdf\">2014 article in the Wayward Tendrils Quarterly\u003c/a>. Haraszthy refused to stop employing Chinese at Buena Vista, despite the growing political opposition. He began carrying a gun to protect himself, and in 1868, he fled to Nicaragua to produce rum.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Meanwhile in wine country, nativist sentiments continued to take root. By 1877, lawmakers in Washington, D.C., debated a bill to stop Chinese immigration. Sonoma Valley grape grower John Hill testified in Congress to defend Chinese labor. \"He explained that Sonoma Valley grape growers depended on the 500 Chinese laborers employed in his 'neighborhood,' \" Phillips wrote in his 2015 thesis for his master's degree from Sonoma State University.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But spurred on by Denis Kearney's Workingmen's Party, a labor-oriented political group that supported nativist policies, Congress eventually passed the Chinese Exclusion Act in 1882, barring nearly all immigration from China. And whites drove out Chinese from many rural areas throughout the West. \"There was a movement to forcibly remove all the Chinese from Sonoma by starving them out — don't hire, don't patronize any shops that hire Chinese. During that period, a lot of Chinese left Sonoma. They were chewing on weeds down by the riverbanks, things got so bad,\" explains Phillips. According to U.S. Census data, the Chinese population in Sonoma County dropped \u003ca href=\"https://www2.census.gov/prod2/decennial/documents/1890a_v1-13.pdf\">from 1,145 in 1890\u003c/a> to \u003ca href=\"https://www2.census.gov/prod2/decennial/documents/1890a_v1-13.pdf\">fewer than 200 in 1930\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>That ugly past isn't always highlighted in the popular lore of the West. Nor are the contributions of the Chinese. \"We tend to assume that native-born American growers and maybe some European immigrants were pioneers of viticulture in California,\" Tsu says. \"[But] in reality, they were utterly dependent on Chinese immigrant labor.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>That erasure bothers Ding. \"It feels bad,\" he says. \"I went to a bookstore to look at Sonoma history books. I bought one, and I didn't see any pictures of the Chinese laborers.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Recently, there's been a movement to call attention to the Chinese legacy in wine country. Last fall, Phillips and Ding — along with the Sonoma-Penglai Sister City Committee — went before the Sonoma City Council to propose the building of a monument to the early Chinese. The council unanimously voted to approve the construction of a \u003cem>ting\u003c/em> (a tile-roofed covered pavilion) in a city park. \"It's a physical object that people can see is Chinese,\" explains Phillips. \"It'll attract their attention to something Chinese. When they read the plaque, they'll realize the vineyards are here based on a lot of Chinese labor.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>However, the city isn't funding the $75,000 cost of construction. The northeastern Chinese city of Penglai, also known for wine production, is donating $25,000. With other \u003ca href=\"https://sonomasistercitiesassociation.org/donors-to-the-wine-country-chinese-legacy-project-we-thank-you/\">fundraising\u003c/a>, the volunteers have raised $50,000. Construction is expected to begin as soon as the remainder of the money is raised.\u003c/p>\n\u003chr>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>Grace Hwang Lynch is a multimedia journalist based in the San Francisco Bay Area. She is currently working on a memoir about food, identity and caretaking. Follow her blog, \u003c/em>\u003ca href=\"http://hapamama.com/\">HapaMama.com\u003c/a>\u003cem>, or on Twitter @GraceHwangLynch.\u003c/em> \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cp>The University of California Board of Regents reluctantly approved a new $797.5 million budget for the Office of the President, while questioning the constitutionality of new direct funding from the state Legislature.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Just under $300 million of the budget approved Thursday, during the regents' meeting at the UCSF Mission Bay campus, came directly from the Legislature as part of the state budget deal signed by Gov. Jerry Brown in June.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Previously, state funding for the UC Office of the President, headed by Janet Napolitano, was sent to the 10 campuses, and the president's office collected fees from each campus, giving it complete discretion on how those funds were spent. Now state lawmakers will have more control of those funds.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Increased legislative oversight was one of the recommendations that came out of a \u003ca href=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/news/2017/05/03/uc-president-napolitano-apologizes-for-interfering-with-state-audit/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">damning state audit\u003c/a> of the office's budget practices released in April. It found that the Office of the President had \"amassed substantial reserve funds, used misleading budgeting practices, provided its employees with generous salaries and atypical benefits, and failed to satisfactorily justify its spending on systemwide initiatives.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>At Thursday's meeting, board chair George Kieffer said he agreed with much of what State Auditor Elaine Howle found in her \u003ca href=\"http://documents.latimes.com/california-audit-university-california-office-president/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">audit\u003c/a>, but singled out the Legislature taking direct control of state funding as a \"troubling incursion into the board's authority.\" He and other regents questioned the constitutionality of the move and warned that it could lead to further direct control of the university.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"This is an erosion of our autonomy,\" Regent Hadi Makarechian said. \"We need to preserve our rights. If we continue with this precedent, next time we may get into the chancellors' budgets.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Kieffer said the university has asked outside counsel to weigh in on the constitutionality of the move. The change is authorized only for one year, but Los Angeles state Sen. Ed Hernandez has introduced a \u003ca href=\"http://www.latimes.com/local/lanow/la-me-uc-autonomy-limit-20170523-story.html\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">constitutional amendment\u003c/a> that would enshrine stricter legislative control over the UC system in the state's constitution.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Kieffer said the university brought some of these issues on itself with its previous lax budget practices and that it must communicate better with state lawmakers to improve things.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"I hope by doing our jobs right, this will be a onetime occurrence,\" Kieffer said. \"Because if it's not, we've got a problem.\"\u003c/p>\n\n",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>The University of California Board of Regents reluctantly approved a new $797.5 million budget for the Office of the President, while questioning the constitutionality of new direct funding from the state Legislature.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Just under $300 million of the budget approved Thursday, during the regents' meeting at the UCSF Mission Bay campus, came directly from the Legislature as part of the state budget deal signed by Gov. Jerry Brown in June.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Previously, state funding for the UC Office of the President, headed by Janet Napolitano, was sent to the 10 campuses, and the president's office collected fees from each campus, giving it complete discretion on how those funds were spent. Now state lawmakers will have more control of those funds.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Increased legislative oversight was one of the recommendations that came out of a \u003ca href=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/news/2017/05/03/uc-president-napolitano-apologizes-for-interfering-with-state-audit/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">damning state audit\u003c/a> of the office's budget practices released in April. It found that the Office of the President had \"amassed substantial reserve funds, used misleading budgeting practices, provided its employees with generous salaries and atypical benefits, and failed to satisfactorily justify its spending on systemwide initiatives.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>At Thursday's meeting, board chair George Kieffer said he agreed with much of what State Auditor Elaine Howle found in her \u003ca href=\"http://documents.latimes.com/california-audit-university-california-office-president/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">audit\u003c/a>, but singled out the Legislature taking direct control of state funding as a \"troubling incursion into the board's authority.\" He and other regents questioned the constitutionality of the move and warned that it could lead to further direct control of the university.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"This is an erosion of our autonomy,\" Regent Hadi Makarechian said. \"We need to preserve our rights. If we continue with this precedent, next time we may get into the chancellors' budgets.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Kieffer said the university has asked outside counsel to weigh in on the constitutionality of the move. The change is authorized only for one year, but Los Angeles state Sen. Ed Hernandez has introduced a \u003ca href=\"http://www.latimes.com/local/lanow/la-me-uc-autonomy-limit-20170523-story.html\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">constitutional amendment\u003c/a> that would enshrine stricter legislative control over the UC system in the state's constitution.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Kieffer said the university brought some of these issues on itself with its previous lax budget practices and that it must communicate better with state lawmakers to improve things.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"I hope by doing our jobs right, this will be a onetime occurrence,\" Kieffer said. \"Because if it's not, we've got a problem.\"\u003c/p>\n\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>",
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"content": "\u003cp>Senate Republican leaders Thursday released their revised bill to “repeal and replace” the Affordable Care Act, but they acknowledged that furious days of negotiation have not yet secured the 50 votes necessary to pass the measure over unanimous Democratic objections.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Sen. John Cornyn (R-Texas) the No. 2 GOP leader, told reporters that while backers of \u003ca href=\"https://www.budget.senate.gov/bettercare\">the measure\u003c/a> did not yet have the GOP votes needed, “we will by the time we vote.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The revised draft was presented to Republican senators at a closed meeting Thursday morning. Among its many provisions, it would cap federal funding for the Medicaid program, covers more than 70 million low-income Americans, and give states authority to waive insurance regulations in the ACA.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Senate Majority Leader Mitch McConnell (R-Ky.) has been struggling for more than two weeks to satisfy holdouts from both wings of the party. Conservatives complain that the \u003ca href=\"http://khn.org/news/senate-health-bill-would-revamp-medicaid-alter-aca-guarantees-cut-premium-support/\">draft bill unveiled last month\u003c/a> did not go far enough to repeal many of the ACA’s regulations, while moderates argue that structural changes and cuts to the Medicaid program for the poor are too deep.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>So far, two of the 52 Republican senators have declared they will not even vote for the preliminary motion that would begin formal debate: conservative Rand Paul of Kentucky and moderate Susan Collins of Maine. “Still deep cuts to Medicaid,” Collins tweeted. “Will vote no on” motion to proceed to the bill.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Collins told reporters separately that she cannot support the bill, and criticized Senate leaders for the way they produced it. Such a fundamental change to Medicaid should have a full set of legislative hearings, she explained. Even fully repealing the ACA would not cap spending for Medicaid in the way the Senate bill is proposing. “Repealing Obamcare would not change the underlying Medicaid program,” she said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The ACA expanded Medicaid, but the Senate changes would cut it back well beyond that expansion.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>One more “no” vote would stop the bill in its tracks, even with a potential tie-breaking vote from Vice President Mike Pence. Several moderate senators emerged from the closed meeting saying they were still undecided, including Shelley Moore Capito (R-W.Va.) and Lisa Murkowski (R-Alaska).\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Leaders did, however, apparently satisfy some of their more conservative members by making some changes proposed by Ted Cruz (R-Texas). Cruz touted after the meeting that the legislation includes provisions to allow people to use tax-preferred health savings accounts to pay insurance premiums (which are currently banned). It would also allow anyone to purchase a plan that covers only catastrophic health expenses (which the ACA limits to those under age 30) and permit insurers to offer plans that do not conform to many of the regulations in current law. Those rules include the ACA’s requirements for coverage of specific health benefits as well as bans on insurers charging sick people more and limiting out-of-pocket costs.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Senate leaders offered to spend more money on people who could be adversely affected by the insurance changes, including an additional $45 billion to combat opioid abuse, but moderates said it does not solve the problem.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“There’s money,” Collins told reporters, “but too many uses for that money.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Democrats remained steadfastly opposed to the measure. “The meat of this bill is exactly the same as it was before, and in some ways, they’ve somehow managed to make it even worse,” said Minority Leader Chuck Schumer (D-N.Y.).\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Even if leaders round up the needed votes, there are still a number of obstacles between this draft bill and President Donald Trump’s signature. They include:\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Procedural Restrictions\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Republicans are trying to pass their health bill using a \u003ca href=\"http://khn.org/news/a-guide-to-budget-reconciliation-the-byzantine-rules-for-disassembling-the-health-law/\">special budget process\u003c/a> that lets them avoid a filibuster and the usual requirement to get 60 votes for passage. But strict rules govern what can and cannot be included in such a “budget reconciliation” bill. Democrats this week are arguing to the \u003ca href=\"https://www.theatlantic.com/politics/archive/2017/06/this-one-senate-staffer-could-sink-the-gops-health-care-plan/532296/\">Senate parliamentarian\u003c/a> that many sections of the bill should not be allowed, including those that would impose abortion restrictions and modify the private insurance regulations included in the ACA.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Cost Estimates\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The Congressional Budget Office is the official scorekeeper for Congress. It said the \u003ca href=\"https://www.cbo.gov/publication/52849\">first version of the Senate bill\u003c/a> would result in 22 million more uninsured people by 2026.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>CBO is expected to offer its score of the bill next week, but some \u003ca href=\"http://thehill.com/policy/healthcare/341904-senate-gop-may-not-use-cbo-to-score-cruz-amendment\">Senate Republicans\u003c/a> on Thursday said that rather than wait for that, they might ask the Department of Health and Human Services to do it instead. That would be likely to produce a number more favorable to Republicans.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Democrats saw that option as a partisan play by Republicans. “It’s gaming the score,” said Sen. Sherrod Brown (D-Ohio). “Why don’t they just have the score written in McConnell’s office by his staff?”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>House Passage\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Whatever the Senate produces must be acceptable to a majority of the House, or else the two chambers could get bogged down in weeks or months of negotiations. But changes that would make the Senate bill more acceptable to moderates there would likely not be able to get through the more conservative House. Leaders are walking a thin tightrope.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>On the other hand, Republicans continue to be driven by the imperative of keeping their seven-year promise to overturn the health law.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Virtually every Republican in this body has supported the effort to repeal and replace Obamacare more or less since the day it was signed into law,” Senate Finance Committee Chairman Orrin Hatch (R-Utah) said on the floor. “This legislation, while far from perfect, would fulfill the vast majority of those promises.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"http://www.kaiserhealthnews.org/\">Kaiser Health News\u003c/a> (KHN) is a national health policy news service. It is an editorially independent program of the \u003ca href=\"http://www.kff.org/\">Henry J. Kaiser Family Foundation\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\n",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>Senate Republican leaders Thursday released their revised bill to “repeal and replace” the Affordable Care Act, but they acknowledged that furious days of negotiation have not yet secured the 50 votes necessary to pass the measure over unanimous Democratic objections.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Sen. John Cornyn (R-Texas) the No. 2 GOP leader, told reporters that while backers of \u003ca href=\"https://www.budget.senate.gov/bettercare\">the measure\u003c/a> did not yet have the GOP votes needed, “we will by the time we vote.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The revised draft was presented to Republican senators at a closed meeting Thursday morning. Among its many provisions, it would cap federal funding for the Medicaid program, covers more than 70 million low-income Americans, and give states authority to waive insurance regulations in the ACA.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Senate Majority Leader Mitch McConnell (R-Ky.) has been struggling for more than two weeks to satisfy holdouts from both wings of the party. Conservatives complain that the \u003ca href=\"http://khn.org/news/senate-health-bill-would-revamp-medicaid-alter-aca-guarantees-cut-premium-support/\">draft bill unveiled last month\u003c/a> did not go far enough to repeal many of the ACA’s regulations, while moderates argue that structural changes and cuts to the Medicaid program for the poor are too deep.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>So far, two of the 52 Republican senators have declared they will not even vote for the preliminary motion that would begin formal debate: conservative Rand Paul of Kentucky and moderate Susan Collins of Maine. “Still deep cuts to Medicaid,” Collins tweeted. “Will vote no on” motion to proceed to the bill.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Collins told reporters separately that she cannot support the bill, and criticized Senate leaders for the way they produced it. Such a fundamental change to Medicaid should have a full set of legislative hearings, she explained. Even fully repealing the ACA would not cap spending for Medicaid in the way the Senate bill is proposing. “Repealing Obamcare would not change the underlying Medicaid program,” she said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The ACA expanded Medicaid, but the Senate changes would cut it back well beyond that expansion.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>One more “no” vote would stop the bill in its tracks, even with a potential tie-breaking vote from Vice President Mike Pence. Several moderate senators emerged from the closed meeting saying they were still undecided, including Shelley Moore Capito (R-W.Va.) and Lisa Murkowski (R-Alaska).\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Leaders did, however, apparently satisfy some of their more conservative members by making some changes proposed by Ted Cruz (R-Texas). Cruz touted after the meeting that the legislation includes provisions to allow people to use tax-preferred health savings accounts to pay insurance premiums (which are currently banned). It would also allow anyone to purchase a plan that covers only catastrophic health expenses (which the ACA limits to those under age 30) and permit insurers to offer plans that do not conform to many of the regulations in current law. Those rules include the ACA’s requirements for coverage of specific health benefits as well as bans on insurers charging sick people more and limiting out-of-pocket costs.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Senate leaders offered to spend more money on people who could be adversely affected by the insurance changes, including an additional $45 billion to combat opioid abuse, but moderates said it does not solve the problem.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“There’s money,” Collins told reporters, “but too many uses for that money.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Democrats remained steadfastly opposed to the measure. “The meat of this bill is exactly the same as it was before, and in some ways, they’ve somehow managed to make it even worse,” said Minority Leader Chuck Schumer (D-N.Y.).\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Even if leaders round up the needed votes, there are still a number of obstacles between this draft bill and President Donald Trump’s signature. They include:\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Procedural Restrictions\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Republicans are trying to pass their health bill using a \u003ca href=\"http://khn.org/news/a-guide-to-budget-reconciliation-the-byzantine-rules-for-disassembling-the-health-law/\">special budget process\u003c/a> that lets them avoid a filibuster and the usual requirement to get 60 votes for passage. But strict rules govern what can and cannot be included in such a “budget reconciliation” bill. Democrats this week are arguing to the \u003ca href=\"https://www.theatlantic.com/politics/archive/2017/06/this-one-senate-staffer-could-sink-the-gops-health-care-plan/532296/\">Senate parliamentarian\u003c/a> that many sections of the bill should not be allowed, including those that would impose abortion restrictions and modify the private insurance regulations included in the ACA.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Cost Estimates\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The Congressional Budget Office is the official scorekeeper for Congress. It said the \u003ca href=\"https://www.cbo.gov/publication/52849\">first version of the Senate bill\u003c/a> would result in 22 million more uninsured people by 2026.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>CBO is expected to offer its score of the bill next week, but some \u003ca href=\"http://thehill.com/policy/healthcare/341904-senate-gop-may-not-use-cbo-to-score-cruz-amendment\">Senate Republicans\u003c/a> on Thursday said that rather than wait for that, they might ask the Department of Health and Human Services to do it instead. That would be likely to produce a number more favorable to Republicans.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Democrats saw that option as a partisan play by Republicans. “It’s gaming the score,” said Sen. Sherrod Brown (D-Ohio). “Why don’t they just have the score written in McConnell’s office by his staff?”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>House Passage\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Whatever the Senate produces must be acceptable to a majority of the House, or else the two chambers could get bogged down in weeks or months of negotiations. But changes that would make the Senate bill more acceptable to moderates there would likely not be able to get through the more conservative House. Leaders are walking a thin tightrope.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>On the other hand, Republicans continue to be driven by the imperative of keeping their seven-year promise to overturn the health law.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Virtually every Republican in this body has supported the effort to repeal and replace Obamacare more or less since the day it was signed into law,” Senate Finance Committee Chairman Orrin Hatch (R-Utah) said on the floor. “This legislation, while far from perfect, would fulfill the vast majority of those promises.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"http://www.kaiserhealthnews.org/\">Kaiser Health News\u003c/a> (KHN) is a national health policy news service. It is an editorially independent program of the \u003ca href=\"http://www.kff.org/\">Henry J. Kaiser Family Foundation\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>",
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"content": "\u003cp>SANTA CRUZ — A large shark attacked a kayak Tuesday near Santa Cruz, leaving large bite marks on the boat, though the kayaker escaped without injury.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Police in Santa Cruz investigated and confirmed the attack, then shut down all water activities at beaches within a 1-mile radius — including Main Beach and Cowell Beach — until sunrise Saturday morning.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But according to accounts on social media, surfers have so far been ignoring the ban:\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>https://twitter.com/KRON4RFladeboe/status/885581477383028736\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Experienced kayaker Steve Lawson was paddling past a kelp bed at the city’s popular surf spot, Steamer Lane, when he felt a jolt to his kayak. He looked down and saw what he believes was a great white.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“I saw the shark hanging on the front end of my boat,” Lawson told KSBW-TV.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The shark bit the front of the boat and sent Lawson into the water. He used a radio to call for a rescue from the Harbor Patrol, but he had to tread water in terror for a few minutes.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“I spent a little time in the water swimming around. I panicked, everyone panics,” Lawson said. “There’s a shark in the water, but he didn’t come back. He wasn’t interested in me.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>https://twitter.com/janellewang/status/884951694089404416\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The Harbor Patrol showed up within about 90 seconds.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“They got out there and pulled him to safety,” Santa Cruz Fire Chief Jim Frawley said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Lawson’s experience helped him.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“This was someone who knows what he’s doing,” Frawley said. “He’s very well versed.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The bottom of the kayak showed shallow cracks and damage from the shark’s bite.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Attacks like these are extremely rare in Santa Cruz County, and we are so thankful that the kayaker wasn’t injured,” Frawley said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>https://twitter.com/SantaCruzPolice/status/884894314215514113\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Lawson told KGO-TV that he has no plans to stop kayaking after 25 years because of the attack.\u003c/p>\n\n",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“I saw the shark hanging on the front end of my boat,” Lawson told KSBW-TV.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The shark bit the front of the boat and sent Lawson into the water. He used a radio to call for a rescue from the Harbor Patrol, but he had to tread water in terror for a few minutes.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“I spent a little time in the water swimming around. I panicked, everyone panics,” Lawson said. “There’s a shark in the water, but he didn’t come back. He wasn’t interested in me.”\u003c/p>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\n\u003cp>The Harbor Patrol showed up within about 90 seconds.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“They got out there and pulled him to safety,” Santa Cruz Fire Chief Jim Frawley said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Lawson’s experience helped him.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“This was someone who knows what he’s doing,” Frawley said. “He’s very well versed.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The bottom of the kayak showed shallow cracks and damage from the shark’s bite.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Attacks like these are extremely rare in Santa Cruz County, and we are so thankful that the kayaker wasn’t injured,” Frawley said.\u003c/p>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"disqusTitle": "Court Orders Oakland to Report on Fixes Following Police Sexual Exploitation Case",
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"content": "\u003cp>A federal judge has ordered Oakland officials to detail how they plan to fix procedural issues in the Police Department identified last month in a \u003ca href=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/news/2017/06/21/court-oakland-police-investigation-into-sexual-misconduct-seriously-deficient/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">court-ordered report\u003c/a> that found OPD's investigation into a widespread officer sexual exploitation case \"wholly inadequate.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The \u003ca href=\"#order\">Wednesday evening order\u003c/a> requires the city to report on progress in implementing forward-looking policy recommendations in the June 21 \u003ca href=\"https://www.documentcloud.org/documents/3870953-Court-Appointed-Investigators-Report-on-City-of.html#document/p1\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">investigation\u003c/a> by attorneys Edward Swanson and Audrey Barron, as well as any progress on additional reforms the Police Department undertakes on its own.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The court also ordered the city to present a timeline for when changes will be complete, \"as well as a list of responsible persons who may, if warranted, be subject to contempt proceedings or other sanctions for any missed deadlines.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But the order is vague about whether the city will be required to identify supervising officers who downplayed, ignored and tried to keep hidden officers’ alleged sexual abuse of a teenager and apparent survivor of child sex trafficking brought to light last summer, according to an attorney involved in the federal court oversight of the Police Department. The case led to the \u003ca href=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/news/2016/06/10/sean-whent-out-as-oakland-police-chief-reports-say/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">forced resignation of former Oakland Police Chief Sean Whent\u003c/a> and a \u003ca href=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/news/2016/06/17/a-department-in-crisis-yet-another-oakland-police-chief-removed/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">quick succession of two interim chiefs\u003c/a> last June.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>At least three high-ranking OPD officers supervised aspects of the department's initial response to the case, according to \u003ca href=\"https://www.eastbayexpress.com/oakland/naming-names-these-officers-are-responsible-for-the-failed-oakland-police-sex-scandal-investigation/Content?oid=7673287\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">reporting by the East Bay Express\u003c/a>, and were since promoted, put in for promotion or reassigned to another supervisory position by Oakland's new police chief, Anne Kirkpatrick.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Civil rights attorney Jim Chanin represents one side of the \"Riders\" case that initiated federal court oversight of the OPD 14 years ago. He said Thursday that if the city does not investigate potential misconduct of supervising officers, he'll never agree to end that oversight.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"Considering they’re the highest-ranking people in the department more likely than not, if those people are allowed to get away with whatever misconduct they may have done, then the message to the other officers is they can get away with it, too, and all the reforms we’ve done on discipline will unravel,\" Chanin said. \"If they allow the highest-ranking people to escape any culpability and don’t even identify them, then they haven’t done the reforms that we hoped they would do.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>That's significant because, prior to the surfacing of the sexual exploitation case in March 2016, Chanin says the Police Department had made significant progress, and he was close to agreeing to end the nearly decade and a half of federal court oversight.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"I think they’ve made incredible progress in some areas, uses of force are way down, pursuits are way down, complaints are down, and they were on the verge of complying,\" he said. \"However, if they do not identify the people who are most responsible for some of the misconduct and performance of duty violations in this particular period of time, I can no longer see any time when I’d be willing to stand up with them and say they’ve complied.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Kirkpatrick said after a \u003ca href=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/news/2017/07/10/court-hears-arguments-on-police-sexual-exploitation-case-reform-efforts-in-oakland/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">hearing on the case Monday\u003c/a> that her promotions of John Lois to assistant chief, Roland Holmgren to captain and Capt. Kirk Coleman to head of internal affairs were approved by the court-appointed federal monitor, who will also oversee the city's reporting on how it will address problems exposed by the sexual exploitation case, according to Wednesday's order. She said she was prevented by \"employment law\" from examining whether any of her command staff were responsible for botching the department's initial response.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Not quite, said Chanin.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>A one-year statute of limitations for police misconduct may prevent the chief from pursuing discipline, Chanin said, \"but nothing whatsoever prevents her from identifying those who did this. Nothing in employment law, nothing at all except the politics of the Police Department. And if she fails to do this, it’s her own weakness.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>An Oakland Police Department spokeswoman wrote that the Swanson-Barron report, the city's written response and the court's most recent order \"define and lay a clear direction of tasks to be accomplished within prescribed timelines,\" in response to inquiries about whether the department planned to investigate the conduct of supervising officers. None of those documents appear to require the further investigation Chanin called for.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Oakland's report to the federal court is due on Sept. 15, and all parties in the long-running case are scheduled for a hearing before Judge William H. Orrick on Oct. 2.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Judge Thelton Henderson, who has presided over the case since its beginning, is retiring in August.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"Defendants [Oakland officials] continue to say many of the right things,\" Henderson wrote in what is likely his last order in the case. \"However, as Plaintiffs' counsel correctly observed, and as the Court itself indicated, good intentions are not enough. Now, more than ever, is the time for action and not just words. The Court would ordinarily reiterate that it remains fully prepared to use its powers to the extent necessary to ensure that Defendants finally achieve sustainable compliance, but the court must instead leave this case to another judge.\"\u003cbr>\n\u003ca name=\"order\">\u003c/a>\u003cbr>\nRead the full order below.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[documentcloud url=\"https://www.documentcloud.org/documents/3894094-170712-Order-Requiring-Oakland-Report-Re-Court\" notes=\"true\" text=\"true\" search=\"true\" sidebar=\"true\" pdf=\"true\" responsive=\"true\" page=\"1\"]\u003c/p>\n\n",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>A federal judge has ordered Oakland officials to detail how they plan to fix procedural issues in the Police Department identified last month in a \u003ca href=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/news/2017/06/21/court-oakland-police-investigation-into-sexual-misconduct-seriously-deficient/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">court-ordered report\u003c/a> that found OPD's investigation into a widespread officer sexual exploitation case \"wholly inadequate.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The \u003ca href=\"#order\">Wednesday evening order\u003c/a> requires the city to report on progress in implementing forward-looking policy recommendations in the June 21 \u003ca href=\"https://www.documentcloud.org/documents/3870953-Court-Appointed-Investigators-Report-on-City-of.html#document/p1\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">investigation\u003c/a> by attorneys Edward Swanson and Audrey Barron, as well as any progress on additional reforms the Police Department undertakes on its own.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The court also ordered the city to present a timeline for when changes will be complete, \"as well as a list of responsible persons who may, if warranted, be subject to contempt proceedings or other sanctions for any missed deadlines.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But the order is vague about whether the city will be required to identify supervising officers who downplayed, ignored and tried to keep hidden officers’ alleged sexual abuse of a teenager and apparent survivor of child sex trafficking brought to light last summer, according to an attorney involved in the federal court oversight of the Police Department. The case led to the \u003ca href=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/news/2016/06/10/sean-whent-out-as-oakland-police-chief-reports-say/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">forced resignation of former Oakland Police Chief Sean Whent\u003c/a> and a \u003ca href=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/news/2016/06/17/a-department-in-crisis-yet-another-oakland-police-chief-removed/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">quick succession of two interim chiefs\u003c/a> last June.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>At least three high-ranking OPD officers supervised aspects of the department's initial response to the case, according to \u003ca href=\"https://www.eastbayexpress.com/oakland/naming-names-these-officers-are-responsible-for-the-failed-oakland-police-sex-scandal-investigation/Content?oid=7673287\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">reporting by the East Bay Express\u003c/a>, and were since promoted, put in for promotion or reassigned to another supervisory position by Oakland's new police chief, Anne Kirkpatrick.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Civil rights attorney Jim Chanin represents one side of the \"Riders\" case that initiated federal court oversight of the OPD 14 years ago. He said Thursday that if the city does not investigate potential misconduct of supervising officers, he'll never agree to end that oversight.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"Considering they’re the highest-ranking people in the department more likely than not, if those people are allowed to get away with whatever misconduct they may have done, then the message to the other officers is they can get away with it, too, and all the reforms we’ve done on discipline will unravel,\" Chanin said. \"If they allow the highest-ranking people to escape any culpability and don’t even identify them, then they haven’t done the reforms that we hoped they would do.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>That's significant because, prior to the surfacing of the sexual exploitation case in March 2016, Chanin says the Police Department had made significant progress, and he was close to agreeing to end the nearly decade and a half of federal court oversight.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"I think they’ve made incredible progress in some areas, uses of force are way down, pursuits are way down, complaints are down, and they were on the verge of complying,\" he said. \"However, if they do not identify the people who are most responsible for some of the misconduct and performance of duty violations in this particular period of time, I can no longer see any time when I’d be willing to stand up with them and say they’ve complied.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Kirkpatrick said after a \u003ca href=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/news/2017/07/10/court-hears-arguments-on-police-sexual-exploitation-case-reform-efforts-in-oakland/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">hearing on the case Monday\u003c/a> that her promotions of John Lois to assistant chief, Roland Holmgren to captain and Capt. Kirk Coleman to head of internal affairs were approved by the court-appointed federal monitor, who will also oversee the city's reporting on how it will address problems exposed by the sexual exploitation case, according to Wednesday's order. She said she was prevented by \"employment law\" from examining whether any of her command staff were responsible for botching the department's initial response.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Not quite, said Chanin.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>A one-year statute of limitations for police misconduct may prevent the chief from pursuing discipline, Chanin said, \"but nothing whatsoever prevents her from identifying those who did this. Nothing in employment law, nothing at all except the politics of the Police Department. And if she fails to do this, it’s her own weakness.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>An Oakland Police Department spokeswoman wrote that the Swanson-Barron report, the city's written response and the court's most recent order \"define and lay a clear direction of tasks to be accomplished within prescribed timelines,\" in response to inquiries about whether the department planned to investigate the conduct of supervising officers. None of those documents appear to require the further investigation Chanin called for.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Oakland's report to the federal court is due on Sept. 15, and all parties in the long-running case are scheduled for a hearing before Judge William H. Orrick on Oct. 2.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Judge Thelton Henderson, who has presided over the case since its beginning, is retiring in August.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"Defendants [Oakland officials] continue to say many of the right things,\" Henderson wrote in what is likely his last order in the case. \"However, as Plaintiffs' counsel correctly observed, and as the Court itself indicated, good intentions are not enough. Now, more than ever, is the time for action and not just words. The Court would ordinarily reiterate that it remains fully prepared to use its powers to the extent necessary to ensure that Defendants finally achieve sustainable compliance, but the court must instead leave this case to another judge.\"\u003cbr>\n\u003ca name=\"order\">\u003c/a>\u003cbr>\nRead the full order below.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"title": "No Offense, American Bees, But Your Sperm Isn't Cutting It",
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"content": "\u003cp>\u003cem>Editor’s note: This story is for mature bees only.\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Seducing a honeybee drone—one of the males in a colony whose only job is to mate with the queen—is not too difficult. They don’t have stingers, so you just pick one up. Apply a little pressure to the abdomen and the drone gets randy, blood rushing to his endophallus, bringing him to climax.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“They’re really accommodating,” says Susan Cobey, a honeybee breeder on Whidbey Island, Wash. “One ejaculate is about 1 microliter, and it takes 10 microliters to artificially inseminate a queen.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[contextly_sidebar id=”Y7TXOzoCrWtiybZGX436TyHD5Ty0BWPR”]Since 2008, Cobey has done her share of bee abdomen rubbing as part of a research team from Washington State University traveling through Europe and Asia. They’ve collected sperm from native honeybees in Italy, Slovenia, Germany, Kazakhstan and the Republic of Georgia – countries where honeybees have favorable genetic traits, like resistance to the \u003ca href=\"http://articles.extension.org/pages/71172/honey-bee-viruses-the-deadly-varroa-mite-associates\">varroa mite\u003c/a>. The deadly parasite has been cited as a major factor in bee deaths, along with genetics, poor nutrition and pesticide exposure, according to a major \u003ca href=\"https://www.usda.gov/media/press-releases/2013/05/02/usda-and-epa-release-new-report-honey-bee-health\">report from the USDA and EPA\u003c/a> in 2013.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Varroa mites are an invasive parasite from Asia that sucks hemolymph (bee blood) from adult and larval honeybees, weakening their immune systems and transmitting \u003ca href=\"http://articles.extension.org/pages/71172/honey-bee-viruses-the-deadly-varroa-mite-associates\">deadly pathogens\u003c/a>, like bent wing virus. If left untreated, a varroa infestation can kill a colony in one year. First detected on U.S. soil in 1987, varroa has spread quickly, infesting upwards of 50 percent of American hives. Last year, 33 percent of U.S. honeybee hives died. That’s troubling for the plight of honeybees and U.S. agriculture, which relies on pollinators to produce\u003ca href=\"https://www.nrdc.org/sites/default/files/bees.pdf\"> one-third of the food we eat\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003ch3>\u003cstrong>The buzz on American bees: too much inbreeding\u003c/strong>\u003c/h3>\n\u003cp>According to the WSU research team, the root cause of the U.S. honeybees’ vulnerability to varroa is a dwindling gene pool that has left them short on genetic traits that help honeybees resist varroa elsewhere in the world.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Honeybees aren’t native to America,” Cobey says. “We brought them here. But the U.S. closed its borders to live honeybee imports in 1922, and our honeybee population has been interbreeding ever since.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>WSU has monitored the genetic diversity of honeybee queens in Washington and California since 1994, showing a steady decline. Dr. Brandon Hopkins, the team’s expert in freezing and thawing bee sperm, likens honeybee breeding to a poker game played with an incomplete deck of cards. “There’s no way to get a four-of-a-kind if there aren’t four aces in the deck,” Hopkins says.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_1838831\" class=\"wp-caption alignright\" style=\"max-width: 800px\">\u003ca href=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2017/07/02_bees_hopkins_custom-5e2379eb06d3debd2668aabc5a5def3a1fac5490.jpg\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-medium wp-image-1838831\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2017/07/02_bees_hopkins_custom-5e2379eb06d3debd2668aabc5a5def3a1fac5490-800x522.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"800\" height=\"522\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2017/07/02_bees_hopkins_custom-5e2379eb06d3debd2668aabc5a5def3a1fac5490-800x522.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2017/07/02_bees_hopkins_custom-5e2379eb06d3debd2668aabc5a5def3a1fac5490-160x104.jpg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2017/07/02_bees_hopkins_custom-5e2379eb06d3debd2668aabc5a5def3a1fac5490-768x501.jpg 768w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2017/07/02_bees_hopkins_custom-5e2379eb06d3debd2668aabc5a5def3a1fac5490-1020x665.jpg 1020w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2017/07/02_bees_hopkins_custom-5e2379eb06d3debd2668aabc5a5def3a1fac5490-1920x1252.jpg 1920w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2017/07/02_bees_hopkins_custom-5e2379eb06d3debd2668aabc5a5def3a1fac5490-1180x769.jpg 1180w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2017/07/02_bees_hopkins_custom-5e2379eb06d3debd2668aabc5a5def3a1fac5490-960x626.jpg 960w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2017/07/02_bees_hopkins_custom-5e2379eb06d3debd2668aabc5a5def3a1fac5490-240x156.jpg 240w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2017/07/02_bees_hopkins_custom-5e2379eb06d3debd2668aabc5a5def3a1fac5490-375x245.jpg 375w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2017/07/02_bees_hopkins_custom-5e2379eb06d3debd2668aabc5a5def3a1fac5490-520x339.jpg 520w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2017/07/02_bees_hopkins_custom-5e2379eb06d3debd2668aabc5a5def3a1fac5490.jpg 2000w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Brandon Hopkins, a cryopreservation specialist, works in Washington State University’s fruit tree orchard in Pullman, Wash. As a doctoral student at WSU, Hopkins perfected a system of freezing and thawing bee semen for use in artificial insemination. \u003ccite>(Shelly Hanks/Courtesy of Washington State University)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>The imported semen has restacked the deck. WSU’s crossbred honeybees already test positive at a higher level of genetic diversity than the first queens tested in 1994. “This doesn’t mean they are superior in performance to the other bees,” Hopkins says. “It means we have a better chance of finding rare and unique traits.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>It used to be that honeybee breeders selected for bees that produced more honey, grew more populous hives, and were gentler to handle. Now, they want honeybees that can resist varroa. Without it, beekeepers must rely on costly “miticide” treatments to control varroa\u003cstrong>. \u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>However, studies suggest the mites are developing resistance to pesticides and the chemicals may be harming honeybees, compounding the problem of widespread bee deaths known as Colony Collapse Disorder.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“I lost 40 percent of my colonies to varroa last fall,” says Matthew Shakespear, whose company, Olson’s Honeybees, raises 16,000 hives in central Washington. “I’m not taking any more chances. We’ve already done five treatments, compared with the two treatments we applied this time last year.”\u003c/p>\n\u003ch3>\u003cstrong>A problem that blooms in almond orchards\u003c/strong>\u003c/h3>\n\u003cp>Pollination services like Olson’s Honeybees are the cornerstone of a $15 billion segment of U.S. agriculture. A hefty share of that is the almond industry, whose trees are completely reliant on honeybees for pollination. It’s also the industry most susceptible to fallout from the varroa epidemic in bees: California’s almond groves serve as an incubator for the growth and spread of varroa mites across the United States.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“There are 800,000 acres of almonds in California,” says Patrick Heitkam, owner of Heitkam’s Honey Bees in Orland, Calif. “It takes two hives to pollinate one acre, so that’s a need for 1.6 million hives. There are only 500,000 hives in the state, so the rest are trucked in from around the country.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Almond trees bloom in January, a time of the year when most honeybee varieties are dormant in their hives. But an Italian species of honeybee, \u003cem>Apis mellifera linguistica\u003c/em>, which evolved in the warm Mediterranean climate, is active when the first almond blossom pops in late-January, making them the most popular variety in the U.S.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The trouble is, Italian honeybees are extremely susceptible to varroa mites, because their hives grow so big, so fast and so early.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Italian honeybees rear their babies and varroa mites nearly one-for-one,” says Dr. Robert Danka, a research entomologist at the USDA’s Honey Bee Breeding, Genetics and Physiology Research Unit in Baton Rouge, La.\u003c/p>\n\u003ch3>\u003cstrong>Lessons from mighty Russian stingers\u003c/strong>\u003c/h3>\n\u003cp>Like the WSU team, Danka has also looked to the Old World for an answer to varroa mites. Between 1994 and 2000, he traveled to the Russian far east, where a local honeybee, \u003cem>Apis mellifera\u003c/em>, has developed resistance to varroa. They are descended from European honeybees brought by Russian settlers traveling the Trans-Siberian Railway at the turn of the 20th century. The journey inadvertently transplanted the honeybees into the native range of varroa mites in east Asia, where they evolved resistance to the pest.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>These Russian bees groom themselves, biting and crushing the mites. They also have a prevalent genetic trait called \u003ca href=\"http://www.beeculture.com/breeding-mite-biting-bees-to-control-varroa/\">varroa sensitive hygiene\u003c/a> (VSH), aborting larval honeybees infested with mites and removing them from the hive before the parasite can spread.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Danka brought back 360 queens, the basis for what is now a robust Russian honeybee population in the United States. While their prowess as mite biters continues, Russian honeybees haven’t proven up to task as commercial pollinators. The queens are used to long Russian winters, so they are slow at building up their hives, meaning only a small number are ready to fly in the almond groves come January.\u003c/p>\n\u003ch3>\u003cstrong>Survival of the fittest bees\u003c/strong>\u003c/h3>\n\u003cp>Still, Danka says the Russian honeybee offers proof that a European subspecies can develop varroa mite resistance through natural selection. That evolutionary process is interrupted in commercial beehives, because of the “prophylactic use of miticides,” Danka says. “We’re maintaining varroa-susceptible bees through chemistry. If we took away all those pesticide treatments – and to be clear, I’m not advocating for this – the results would be horrific. But in a rather short period of time, only varroa-resistant bees would be left.” And those bees could be the basis of a new population.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Matthew Shakespear, the commercial honeybee keeper in Yakima, Wash., would rather not spend money treating his hives for varroa mites. Starting last year, he diversified his business to include hives of Carniolan honeybees, \u003cem>Apis mellifera carnica\u003c/em>, a subspecies native to Eastern Europe.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The queens he bought were the great-great-great granddaughters of a honeybee drone that Susan Cobey found in the mountains of Slovenia.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Maybe these new genetics can deal with the varroa mites naturally, rather than having to rely on chemicals,” Shakespear says. “It’s time to start widening our gene pool.”\u003c/p>\n\u003chr>\n\u003cp>[ad floatright]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"http://www.ryantbell.com\">\u003cem>Ryan Bell\u003c/em>\u003c/a>\u003cem> is a journalist based in Washington State. Find him on Twitter \u003c/em>\u003ca href=\"https://twitter.com/ryanbellwriter\">\u003cem>@ryanbellwriter\u003c/em>\u003c/a>\u003cem>. \u003c/em>\u003cem>This story was produced in collaboration with the \u003c/em>\u003ca href=\"http://www.thefern.org/\">\u003cem>Food & Environment Reporting Network\u003c/em>\u003c/a>\u003cem>, an independent, nonprofit news organization.\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\u003cdiv class=\"fullattribution\">Copyright 2017 NPR. To see more, visit http://www.npr.org/.\u003cimg decoding=\"async\" src=\"https://www.google-analytics.com/__utm.gif?utmac=UA-5828686-4&utmdt=No+Offense%2C+American+Bees%2C+But+Your+Sperm+Isn%27t+Cutting+It&utme=8(APIKey)9(MDAxOTAwOTE4MDEyMTkxMDAzNjczZDljZA004)\">\u003c/div>\n\n",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>\u003cem>Editor’s note: This story is for mature bees only.\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Seducing a honeybee drone—one of the males in a colony whose only job is to mate with the queen—is not too difficult. They don’t have stingers, so you just pick one up. Apply a little pressure to the abdomen and the drone gets randy, blood rushing to his endophallus, bringing him to climax.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“They’re really accommodating,” says Susan Cobey, a honeybee breeder on Whidbey Island, Wash. “One ejaculate is about 1 microliter, and it takes 10 microliters to artificially inseminate a queen.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003cp>Since 2008, Cobey has done her share of bee abdomen rubbing as part of a research team from Washington State University traveling through Europe and Asia. They’ve collected sperm from native honeybees in Italy, Slovenia, Germany, Kazakhstan and the Republic of Georgia – countries where honeybees have favorable genetic traits, like resistance to the \u003ca href=\"http://articles.extension.org/pages/71172/honey-bee-viruses-the-deadly-varroa-mite-associates\">varroa mite\u003c/a>. The deadly parasite has been cited as a major factor in bee deaths, along with genetics, poor nutrition and pesticide exposure, according to a major \u003ca href=\"https://www.usda.gov/media/press-releases/2013/05/02/usda-and-epa-release-new-report-honey-bee-health\">report from the USDA and EPA\u003c/a> in 2013.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Varroa mites are an invasive parasite from Asia that sucks hemolymph (bee blood) from adult and larval honeybees, weakening their immune systems and transmitting \u003ca href=\"http://articles.extension.org/pages/71172/honey-bee-viruses-the-deadly-varroa-mite-associates\">deadly pathogens\u003c/a>, like bent wing virus. If left untreated, a varroa infestation can kill a colony in one year. First detected on U.S. soil in 1987, varroa has spread quickly, infesting upwards of 50 percent of American hives. Last year, 33 percent of U.S. honeybee hives died. That’s troubling for the plight of honeybees and U.S. agriculture, which relies on pollinators to produce\u003ca href=\"https://www.nrdc.org/sites/default/files/bees.pdf\"> one-third of the food we eat\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003ch3>\u003cstrong>The buzz on American bees: too much inbreeding\u003c/strong>\u003c/h3>\n\u003cp>According to the WSU research team, the root cause of the U.S. honeybees’ vulnerability to varroa is a dwindling gene pool that has left them short on genetic traits that help honeybees resist varroa elsewhere in the world.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Honeybees aren’t native to America,” Cobey says. “We brought them here. But the U.S. closed its borders to live honeybee imports in 1922, and our honeybee population has been interbreeding ever since.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>WSU has monitored the genetic diversity of honeybee queens in Washington and California since 1994, showing a steady decline. Dr. Brandon Hopkins, the team’s expert in freezing and thawing bee sperm, likens honeybee breeding to a poker game played with an incomplete deck of cards. “There’s no way to get a four-of-a-kind if there aren’t four aces in the deck,” Hopkins says.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_1838831\" class=\"wp-caption alignright\" style=\"max-width: 800px\">\u003ca href=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2017/07/02_bees_hopkins_custom-5e2379eb06d3debd2668aabc5a5def3a1fac5490.jpg\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-medium wp-image-1838831\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2017/07/02_bees_hopkins_custom-5e2379eb06d3debd2668aabc5a5def3a1fac5490-800x522.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"800\" height=\"522\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2017/07/02_bees_hopkins_custom-5e2379eb06d3debd2668aabc5a5def3a1fac5490-800x522.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2017/07/02_bees_hopkins_custom-5e2379eb06d3debd2668aabc5a5def3a1fac5490-160x104.jpg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2017/07/02_bees_hopkins_custom-5e2379eb06d3debd2668aabc5a5def3a1fac5490-768x501.jpg 768w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2017/07/02_bees_hopkins_custom-5e2379eb06d3debd2668aabc5a5def3a1fac5490-1020x665.jpg 1020w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2017/07/02_bees_hopkins_custom-5e2379eb06d3debd2668aabc5a5def3a1fac5490-1920x1252.jpg 1920w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2017/07/02_bees_hopkins_custom-5e2379eb06d3debd2668aabc5a5def3a1fac5490-1180x769.jpg 1180w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2017/07/02_bees_hopkins_custom-5e2379eb06d3debd2668aabc5a5def3a1fac5490-960x626.jpg 960w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2017/07/02_bees_hopkins_custom-5e2379eb06d3debd2668aabc5a5def3a1fac5490-240x156.jpg 240w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2017/07/02_bees_hopkins_custom-5e2379eb06d3debd2668aabc5a5def3a1fac5490-375x245.jpg 375w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2017/07/02_bees_hopkins_custom-5e2379eb06d3debd2668aabc5a5def3a1fac5490-520x339.jpg 520w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2017/07/02_bees_hopkins_custom-5e2379eb06d3debd2668aabc5a5def3a1fac5490.jpg 2000w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Brandon Hopkins, a cryopreservation specialist, works in Washington State University’s fruit tree orchard in Pullman, Wash. As a doctoral student at WSU, Hopkins perfected a system of freezing and thawing bee semen for use in artificial insemination. \u003ccite>(Shelly Hanks/Courtesy of Washington State University)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>The imported semen has restacked the deck. WSU’s crossbred honeybees already test positive at a higher level of genetic diversity than the first queens tested in 1994. “This doesn’t mean they are superior in performance to the other bees,” Hopkins says. “It means we have a better chance of finding rare and unique traits.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>It used to be that honeybee breeders selected for bees that produced more honey, grew more populous hives, and were gentler to handle. Now, they want honeybees that can resist varroa. Without it, beekeepers must rely on costly “miticide” treatments to control varroa\u003cstrong>. \u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>However, studies suggest the mites are developing resistance to pesticides and the chemicals may be harming honeybees, compounding the problem of widespread bee deaths known as Colony Collapse Disorder.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“I lost 40 percent of my colonies to varroa last fall,” says Matthew Shakespear, whose company, Olson’s Honeybees, raises 16,000 hives in central Washington. “I’m not taking any more chances. We’ve already done five treatments, compared with the two treatments we applied this time last year.”\u003c/p>\n\u003ch3>\u003cstrong>A problem that blooms in almond orchards\u003c/strong>\u003c/h3>\n\u003cp>Pollination services like Olson’s Honeybees are the cornerstone of a $15 billion segment of U.S. agriculture. A hefty share of that is the almond industry, whose trees are completely reliant on honeybees for pollination. It’s also the industry most susceptible to fallout from the varroa epidemic in bees: California’s almond groves serve as an incubator for the growth and spread of varroa mites across the United States.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“There are 800,000 acres of almonds in California,” says Patrick Heitkam, owner of Heitkam’s Honey Bees in Orland, Calif. “It takes two hives to pollinate one acre, so that’s a need for 1.6 million hives. There are only 500,000 hives in the state, so the rest are trucked in from around the country.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Almond trees bloom in January, a time of the year when most honeybee varieties are dormant in their hives. But an Italian species of honeybee, \u003cem>Apis mellifera linguistica\u003c/em>, which evolved in the warm Mediterranean climate, is active when the first almond blossom pops in late-January, making them the most popular variety in the U.S.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The trouble is, Italian honeybees are extremely susceptible to varroa mites, because their hives grow so big, so fast and so early.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Italian honeybees rear their babies and varroa mites nearly one-for-one,” says Dr. Robert Danka, a research entomologist at the USDA’s Honey Bee Breeding, Genetics and Physiology Research Unit in Baton Rouge, La.\u003c/p>\n\u003ch3>\u003cstrong>Lessons from mighty Russian stingers\u003c/strong>\u003c/h3>\n\u003cp>Like the WSU team, Danka has also looked to the Old World for an answer to varroa mites. Between 1994 and 2000, he traveled to the Russian far east, where a local honeybee, \u003cem>Apis mellifera\u003c/em>, has developed resistance to varroa. They are descended from European honeybees brought by Russian settlers traveling the Trans-Siberian Railway at the turn of the 20th century. The journey inadvertently transplanted the honeybees into the native range of varroa mites in east Asia, where they evolved resistance to the pest.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>These Russian bees groom themselves, biting and crushing the mites. They also have a prevalent genetic trait called \u003ca href=\"http://www.beeculture.com/breeding-mite-biting-bees-to-control-varroa/\">varroa sensitive hygiene\u003c/a> (VSH), aborting larval honeybees infested with mites and removing them from the hive before the parasite can spread.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Danka brought back 360 queens, the basis for what is now a robust Russian honeybee population in the United States. While their prowess as mite biters continues, Russian honeybees haven’t proven up to task as commercial pollinators. The queens are used to long Russian winters, so they are slow at building up their hives, meaning only a small number are ready to fly in the almond groves come January.\u003c/p>\n\u003ch3>\u003cstrong>Survival of the fittest bees\u003c/strong>\u003c/h3>\n\u003cp>Still, Danka says the Russian honeybee offers proof that a European subspecies can develop varroa mite resistance through natural selection. That evolutionary process is interrupted in commercial beehives, because of the “prophylactic use of miticides,” Danka says. “We’re maintaining varroa-susceptible bees through chemistry. If we took away all those pesticide treatments – and to be clear, I’m not advocating for this – the results would be horrific. But in a rather short period of time, only varroa-resistant bees would be left.” And those bees could be the basis of a new population.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Matthew Shakespear, the commercial honeybee keeper in Yakima, Wash., would rather not spend money treating his hives for varroa mites. Starting last year, he diversified his business to include hives of Carniolan honeybees, \u003cem>Apis mellifera carnica\u003c/em>, a subspecies native to Eastern Europe.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The queens he bought were the great-great-great granddaughters of a honeybee drone that Susan Cobey found in the mountains of Slovenia.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Maybe these new genetics can deal with the varroa mites naturally, rather than having to rely on chemicals,” Shakespear says. “It’s time to start widening our gene pool.”\u003c/p>\n\u003chr>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"http://www.ryantbell.com\">\u003cem>Ryan Bell\u003c/em>\u003c/a>\u003cem> is a journalist based in Washington State. Find him on Twitter \u003c/em>\u003ca href=\"https://twitter.com/ryanbellwriter\">\u003cem>@ryanbellwriter\u003c/em>\u003c/a>\u003cem>. \u003c/em>\u003cem>This story was produced in collaboration with the \u003c/em>\u003ca href=\"http://www.thefern.org/\">\u003cem>Food & Environment Reporting Network\u003c/em>\u003c/a>\u003cem>, an independent, nonprofit news organization.\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\u003cdiv class=\"fullattribution\">Copyright 2017 NPR. To see more, visit http://www.npr.org/.\u003cimg decoding=\"async\" src=\"https://www.google-analytics.com/__utm.gif?utmac=UA-5828686-4&utmdt=No+Offense%2C+American+Bees%2C+But+Your+Sperm+Isn%27t+Cutting+It&utme=8(APIKey)9(MDAxOTAwOTE4MDEyMTkxMDAzNjczZDljZA004)\">\u003c/div>\n\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>",
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"title": "Senate Health Care Bill Revisions Released in Attempt to Appease GOP Critics",
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"content": "\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Updated 3 p.m. ET\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Senate Republicans on Thursday released a revised version of the Better Care Reconciliation Act, their plan to replace the Affordable Care Act.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The new version comes after the Congressional Budget Office found that the original BCRA would in the next decade increase the uninsured population by 22 million over what it would otherwise be. Senate Majority Leader Mitch McConnell had hoped for a vote before July 4, but was \u003ca href=\"http://www.npr.org/2017/06/27/534557208/senate-gop-leaders-push-off-health-care-vote-after-july-4th\">forced to delay\u003c/a> that because he couldn’t garner the 50 votes he needed among the 52 GOP senators.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The question now is whether this version of the bill could pass the Senate. Shortly after its release, Maine Sen. Susan Collins and Kentucky Sen. Rand Paul both said they intend to vote against letting the bill go forward. With two no votes, Vice President Pence could provide the 51st vote needed for passage. But if three Republican senators defect, the bill cannot pass.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The new bill makes some big changes from the last BCRA draft, but it also leaves some major parts of the original Senate proposal intact — it would still repeal the individual and employer mandates, it would still mean cuts to Medicaid spending, and it would still allow states to opt out of key parts of Obamacare.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In their \u003ca href=\"https://apps.npr.org/documents/document.html?id=3894093-Summary-Revised-Senate-Health-Care-Bill-7-13-17\">summary of the bill\u003c/a>, Senate Republicans laid out the major provisions. Here are some of those big changes that this new version of the bill would make to the original BCRA, and what they would mean:\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Health savings accounts will be able to pay for premiums. \u003c/strong>Under IRS rules, people with high-deductible plans are eligible for health savings accounts (HSAs), accounts into which people can put money for health care expenses tax-free. Under this bill, people would for the first time be able to use that money for premiums. Americans’ deposits in HSAs have ballooned over the last decade, according to \u003ca href=\"http://www.devenir.com/health-savings-account-assets-up-22-percent-in-2016/\">HSA consulting firm Devenir\u003c/a>. However, those accounts also tend to benefit higher-income people more than others, as Kaiser Health News’ Michelle Andrews wrote in December — for example, richer people are more likely to have the extra money to sock away for health expenses.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>More money for the opioid epidemic. \u003c/strong>The Senate’s initial bill offered $2 billion to address the opioid crisis for 2018. This version would offer about $45 billion over 10 years, which is what Ohio Sen. Rob Portman and West Virginia Sen. Shelley Moore Capito, both Republicans, \u003ca href=\"http://www.pbs.org/newshour/rundown/two-gop-senators-wanted-45-billion-health-care-bill-battle-opioid-crisis-got-2-billion/\">had requested\u003c/a> at one point. However, some experts say that around $4.5 billion a year is nowhere near enough for combating America’s massive opioid epidemic, as the \u003ca href=\"https://www.nytimes.com/2017/06/30/health/drug-treatment-opioid-abuse-heroin-medicaid.html\">New York Times reported in June\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Keeping some Obamacare taxes. \u003c/strong>The first BCRA version would have repealed an array of Affordable Care Act taxes, which would have overwhelmingly benefited higher-income Americans. This newer version of the bill keeps some in place, including the \u003ca href=\"http://www.taxpolicycenter.org/briefing-book/what-tax-changes-did-affordable-care-act-make\">net investment income tax and a payroll tax\u003c/a> that hit higher-income Americans.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Allowing insurers to offer non-Obamacare-qualified plans. \u003c/strong>This mirrors an idea that Texas Sen. Ted Cruz and Utah Sen. Mike Lee had proposed in recent weeks: The Senate’s bill would allow an insurer to offer skimpier plans. As long as an insurer does offer a plan on the individual insurance exchanges that meets the \u003ca href=\"https://www.dpc.senate.gov/healthreformbill/healthbill04.pdf\">demands of Obamacare’s Title I\u003c/a> (for example, covering certain areas like preventive care and protecting people with pre-existing conditions), that insurer will be allowed to offer additional plans off of the individual insurance exchanges that \u003cem>don’t\u003c/em> meet those criteria.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>That idea had created worries of a two-tiered insurance system — one in which older and sicker people would opt into the more comprehensive plans, while younger and healthier people would choose the cheaper plans that covered less, potentially causing a “death spiral” on the exchanges for those older and sicker people.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Extra money for high-risk customers. \u003c/strong>If an insurer offers one of those plans that meet the Obamacare criteria, that insurer would be eligible for money from a fund designed to help high-risk customers, which could potentially mitigate some of the two-tier issues created by new, nonqualified plans.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Extra stabilization money.\u003c/strong> The original version of the BCRA provided $112 billion that would have allowed states to stabilize their markets or help high-risk customers in a wide variety of ways. In this version, that is bumped up to $182 billion.\u003c/p>\n\u003chr>\n\u003cp>This all means that the new version doesn’t make major changes to one big part of the BCRA: Medicaid. Under the original Senate bill, the Obamacare Medicaid expansion would be rolled back, and Medicaid spending would be capped — states would either be allotted a certain amount per capita, or they could get a block grant instead. It also caps Medicaid spending growth in the medium-to-long-term. This bill doesn’t change any of that.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"https://www.cbo.gov/system/files/115th-congress-2017-2018/costestimate/52849-hr1628senate.pdf\">According to the CBO\u003c/a>, the original BCRA would have cut Medicaid spending by $772 billion over 10 years, and would have resulted in 15 million fewer Medicaid enrollees by 2026 than under current law.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>A new CBO score on the bill is expected Monday or Tuesday. By the end of next week, there is likely to be a key procedural vote. That would put things on track for a final vote the following week.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Were this bill to pass the Senate, it would then have to be reconciled with the House’s attempt to repeal and replace Obamacare, known as the American Health Care Act.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Meanwhile, Republicans Bill Cassidy of Louisiana and Lindsey Graham of South Carolina released an alternative plan Thursday morning.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>A summary of the bill is embedded below. You can read \u003ca href=\"https://apps.npr.org/documents/document.html?id=3894050-Revised-Senate-Health-Care-Bill-7-13-17\">the full draft here\u003c/a>, and see \u003ca href=\"https://apps.npr.org/documents/document.html?id=3877539-Senate-GOP-Health-Care-Bill-Discussion-Draft\">the previous Senate version here\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>Washington Desk editor Arnie Seipel contributed to this report\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\u003cdiv class=\"fullattribution\">Copyright 2017 NPR. To see more, visit http://www.npr.org/.\u003cimg decoding=\"async\" src=\"https://www.google-analytics.com/__utm.gif?utmac=UA-5828686-4&utmdt=Senate+Health+Care+Bill+Revisions+Released+In+Attempt+To+Appease+GOP+Critics&utme=8(APIKey)9(MDAxOTAwOTE4MDEyMTkxMDAzNjczZDljZA004)\">\u003c/div>\n\n",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Updated 3 p.m. ET\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Senate Republicans on Thursday released a revised version of the Better Care Reconciliation Act, their plan to replace the Affordable Care Act.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The new version comes after the Congressional Budget Office found that the original BCRA would in the next decade increase the uninsured population by 22 million over what it would otherwise be. Senate Majority Leader Mitch McConnell had hoped for a vote before July 4, but was \u003ca href=\"http://www.npr.org/2017/06/27/534557208/senate-gop-leaders-push-off-health-care-vote-after-july-4th\">forced to delay\u003c/a> that because he couldn’t garner the 50 votes he needed among the 52 GOP senators.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The question now is whether this version of the bill could pass the Senate. Shortly after its release, Maine Sen. Susan Collins and Kentucky Sen. Rand Paul both said they intend to vote against letting the bill go forward. With two no votes, Vice President Pence could provide the 51st vote needed for passage. But if three Republican senators defect, the bill cannot pass.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The new bill makes some big changes from the last BCRA draft, but it also leaves some major parts of the original Senate proposal intact — it would still repeal the individual and employer mandates, it would still mean cuts to Medicaid spending, and it would still allow states to opt out of key parts of Obamacare.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In their \u003ca href=\"https://apps.npr.org/documents/document.html?id=3894093-Summary-Revised-Senate-Health-Care-Bill-7-13-17\">summary of the bill\u003c/a>, Senate Republicans laid out the major provisions. Here are some of those big changes that this new version of the bill would make to the original BCRA, and what they would mean:\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Health savings accounts will be able to pay for premiums. \u003c/strong>Under IRS rules, people with high-deductible plans are eligible for health savings accounts (HSAs), accounts into which people can put money for health care expenses tax-free. Under this bill, people would for the first time be able to use that money for premiums. Americans’ deposits in HSAs have ballooned over the last decade, according to \u003ca href=\"http://www.devenir.com/health-savings-account-assets-up-22-percent-in-2016/\">HSA consulting firm Devenir\u003c/a>. However, those accounts also tend to benefit higher-income people more than others, as Kaiser Health News’ Michelle Andrews wrote in December — for example, richer people are more likely to have the extra money to sock away for health expenses.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>More money for the opioid epidemic. \u003c/strong>The Senate’s initial bill offered $2 billion to address the opioid crisis for 2018. This version would offer about $45 billion over 10 years, which is what Ohio Sen. Rob Portman and West Virginia Sen. Shelley Moore Capito, both Republicans, \u003ca href=\"http://www.pbs.org/newshour/rundown/two-gop-senators-wanted-45-billion-health-care-bill-battle-opioid-crisis-got-2-billion/\">had requested\u003c/a> at one point. However, some experts say that around $4.5 billion a year is nowhere near enough for combating America’s massive opioid epidemic, as the \u003ca href=\"https://www.nytimes.com/2017/06/30/health/drug-treatment-opioid-abuse-heroin-medicaid.html\">New York Times reported in June\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Keeping some Obamacare taxes. \u003c/strong>The first BCRA version would have repealed an array of Affordable Care Act taxes, which would have overwhelmingly benefited higher-income Americans. This newer version of the bill keeps some in place, including the \u003ca href=\"http://www.taxpolicycenter.org/briefing-book/what-tax-changes-did-affordable-care-act-make\">net investment income tax and a payroll tax\u003c/a> that hit higher-income Americans.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Allowing insurers to offer non-Obamacare-qualified plans. \u003c/strong>This mirrors an idea that Texas Sen. Ted Cruz and Utah Sen. Mike Lee had proposed in recent weeks: The Senate’s bill would allow an insurer to offer skimpier plans. As long as an insurer does offer a plan on the individual insurance exchanges that meets the \u003ca href=\"https://www.dpc.senate.gov/healthreformbill/healthbill04.pdf\">demands of Obamacare’s Title I\u003c/a> (for example, covering certain areas like preventive care and protecting people with pre-existing conditions), that insurer will be allowed to offer additional plans off of the individual insurance exchanges that \u003cem>don’t\u003c/em> meet those criteria.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>That idea had created worries of a two-tiered insurance system — one in which older and sicker people would opt into the more comprehensive plans, while younger and healthier people would choose the cheaper plans that covered less, potentially causing a “death spiral” on the exchanges for those older and sicker people.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Extra money for high-risk customers. \u003c/strong>If an insurer offers one of those plans that meet the Obamacare criteria, that insurer would be eligible for money from a fund designed to help high-risk customers, which could potentially mitigate some of the two-tier issues created by new, nonqualified plans.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Extra stabilization money.\u003c/strong> The original version of the BCRA provided $112 billion that would have allowed states to stabilize their markets or help high-risk customers in a wide variety of ways. In this version, that is bumped up to $182 billion.\u003c/p>\n\u003chr>\n\u003cp>This all means that the new version doesn’t make major changes to one big part of the BCRA: Medicaid. Under the original Senate bill, the Obamacare Medicaid expansion would be rolled back, and Medicaid spending would be capped — states would either be allotted a certain amount per capita, or they could get a block grant instead. It also caps Medicaid spending growth in the medium-to-long-term. This bill doesn’t change any of that.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"https://www.cbo.gov/system/files/115th-congress-2017-2018/costestimate/52849-hr1628senate.pdf\">According to the CBO\u003c/a>, the original BCRA would have cut Medicaid spending by $772 billion over 10 years, and would have resulted in 15 million fewer Medicaid enrollees by 2026 than under current law.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>A new CBO score on the bill is expected Monday or Tuesday. By the end of next week, there is likely to be a key procedural vote. That would put things on track for a final vote the following week.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Were this bill to pass the Senate, it would then have to be reconciled with the House’s attempt to repeal and replace Obamacare, known as the American Health Care Act.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Meanwhile, Republicans Bill Cassidy of Louisiana and Lindsey Graham of South Carolina released an alternative plan Thursday morning.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>A summary of the bill is embedded below. You can read \u003ca href=\"https://apps.npr.org/documents/document.html?id=3894050-Revised-Senate-Health-Care-Bill-7-13-17\">the full draft here\u003c/a>, and see \u003ca href=\"https://apps.npr.org/documents/document.html?id=3877539-Senate-GOP-Health-Care-Bill-Discussion-Draft\">the previous Senate version here\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>Washington Desk editor Arnie Seipel contributed to this report\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\u003cdiv class=\"fullattribution\">Copyright 2017 NPR. To see more, visit http://www.npr.org/.\u003cimg decoding=\"async\" src=\"https://www.google-analytics.com/__utm.gif?utmac=UA-5828686-4&utmdt=Senate+Health+Care+Bill+Revisions+Released+In+Attempt+To+Appease+GOP+Critics&utme=8(APIKey)9(MDAxOTAwOTE4MDEyMTkxMDAzNjczZDljZA004)\">\u003c/div>\n\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>",
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"content": "\u003cp>WASHINGTON — A California Democrat filed an article of impeachment against President Trump Wednesday in a longshot bid to remove the president from office.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Rep. Brad Sherman accuses Trump of obstructing investigations into Russian meddling in the 2016 presidential election, in part by firing former FBI Director James Comey.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Sherman, who represents part of the San Fernando Valley, acknowledges that filing the article is “the first step on a very long road.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“But if the impulsive incompetency continues, then eventually — many, many months from now — Republicans will join the impeachment effort,” Sherman said in a statement.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>White House spokeswoman Sarah Huckabee Sanders said Sherman’s resolution was “utterly and completely ridiculous” and “a political game at its worst.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[contextly_sidebar id=”uLP9YjUc7TnzMTU3aHDLcDxSQnqWfVIi”]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Sherman’s effort has little chance of success in the Republican-led House. Sherman doesn’t even have the backing of many fellow Democrats.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Democratic leaders have distanced themselves from the efforts to impeach Trump, believing it serves only to energize the president’s supporters. Sherman’s resolution has one co-sponsor, fellow Democrat Al Green of Texas.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Sherman filed the article a day after the president’s son, Donald Trump Jr., acknowledged that he met with a Russian lawyer during the campaign. An intermediary for the lawyer promised damaging information from the Russian government about Democrat Hillary Clinton.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Trump Jr. said he received no information about Clinton at the meeting.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The president has questioned his own intelligence agencies and whether the Russians actually interfered in the election. However, federal authorities say they have definitive evidence that the Kremlin meddled in the U.S. presidential election.\u003c/p>\n\n",
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}
},
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"id": "californiareportmagazine",
"title": "The California Report Magazine",
"tagline": "Your state, your stories",
"info": "Every week, The California Report Magazine takes you on a road trip for the ears: to visit the places and meet the people who make California unique. The in-depth storytelling podcast from the California Report.",
"airtime": "FRI 4:30pm-5pm, 6:30pm-7pm, 11pm-11:30pm",
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"officialWebsiteLink": "/californiareportmagazine",
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"order": 10
},
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"google": "https://podcasts.google.com/feed/aHR0cHM6Ly9mZWVkcy5tZWdhcGhvbmUuZm0vS1FJTkM3NjkwNjk1OTAz",
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},
"city-arts": {
"id": "city-arts",
"title": "City Arts & Lectures",
"info": "A one-hour radio program to hear celebrated writers, artists and thinkers address contemporary ideas and values, often discussing the creative process. Please note: tapes or transcripts are not available",
"imageSrc": "https://ww2.kqed.org/radio/wp-content/uploads/sites/50/2018/05/cityartsandlecture-300x300.jpg",
"officialWebsiteLink": "https://www.cityarts.net/",
"airtime": "SUN 1pm-2pm, TUE 10pm, WED 1am",
"meta": {
"site": "news",
"source": "City Arts & Lectures"
},
"link": "https://www.cityarts.net",
"subscribe": {
"tuneIn": "https://tunein.com/radio/City-Arts-and-Lectures-p692/",
"rss": "https://www.cityarts.net/feed/"
}
},
"closealltabs": {
"id": "closealltabs",
"title": "Close All Tabs",
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"info": "Close All Tabs breaks down how digital culture shapes our world through thoughtful insights and irreverent humor.",
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"officialWebsiteLink": "/podcasts/closealltabs",
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"order": 1
},
"link": "/podcasts/closealltabs",
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"id": "code-switch-life-kit",
"title": "Code Switch / Life Kit",
"info": "\u003cem>Code Switch\u003c/em>, which listeners will hear in the first part of the hour, has fearless and much-needed conversations about race. Hosted by journalists of color, the show tackles the subject of race head-on, exploring how it impacts every part of society — from politics and pop culture to history, sports and more.\u003cbr />\u003cbr />\u003cem>Life Kit\u003c/em>, which will be in the second part of the hour, guides you through spaces and feelings no one prepares you for — from finances to mental health, from workplace microaggressions to imposter syndrome, from relationships to parenting. The show features experts with real world experience and shares their knowledge. Because everyone needs a little help being human.\u003cbr />\u003cbr />\u003ca href=\"https://www.npr.org/podcasts/510312/codeswitch\">\u003cem>Code Switch\u003c/em> offical site and podcast\u003c/a>\u003cbr />\u003ca href=\"https://www.npr.org/lifekit\">\u003cem>Life Kit\u003c/em> offical site and podcast\u003c/a>\u003cbr />",
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"meta": {
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"google": "https://podcasts.google.com/feed/aHR0cHM6Ly93d3cubnByLm9yZy9yc3MvcG9kY2FzdC5waHA_aWQ9NTEwMzEy",
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"id": "commonwealth-club",
"title": "Commonwealth Club of California Podcast",
"info": "The Commonwealth Club of California is the nation's oldest and largest public affairs forum. As a non-partisan forum, The Club brings to the public airwaves diverse viewpoints on important topics. The Club's weekly radio broadcast - the oldest in the U.S., dating back to 1924 - is carried across the nation on public radio stations and is now podcasting. Our website archive features audio of our recent programs, as well as selected speeches from our long and distinguished history. This podcast feed is usually updated twice a week and is always un-edited.",
"airtime": "THU 10pm, FRI 1am",
"imageSrc": "https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/04/Commonwealth-Club-Podcast-Tile-360x360-1.jpg",
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"meta": {
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"source": "Commonwealth Club of California"
},
"link": "/radio/program/commonwealth-club",
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"google": "https://podcasts.google.com/feed/aHR0cDovL3d3dy5jb21tb253ZWFsdGhjbHViLm9yZy9hdWRpby9wb2RjYXN0L3dlZWtseS54bWw",
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}
},
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"id": "forum",
"title": "Forum",
"tagline": "The conversation starts here",
"info": "KQED’s live call-in program discussing local, state, national and international issues, as well as in-depth interviews.",
"airtime": "MON-FRI 9am-11am, 10pm-11pm",
"imageSrc": "https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/04/Forum-Podcast-Tile-703x703-1.jpg",
"imageAlt": "KQED Forum with Mina Kim and Alexis Madrigal",
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"meta": {
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"source": "kqed",
"order": 9
},
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"google": "https://podcasts.google.com/feed/aHR0cHM6Ly9mZWVkcy5tZWdhcGhvbmUuZm0vS1FJTkM5NTU3MzgxNjMz",
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"id": "freakonomics-radio",
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"info": "Freakonomics Radio is a one-hour award-winning podcast and public-radio project hosted by Stephen Dubner, with co-author Steve Levitt as a regular guest. It is produced in partnership with WNYC.",
"imageSrc": "https://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2018/05/freakonomicsRadio.png",
"officialWebsiteLink": "http://freakonomics.com/",
"airtime": "SUN 1am-2am, SAT 3pm-4pm",
"meta": {
"site": "radio",
"source": "WNYC"
},
"link": "/radio/program/freakonomics-radio",
"subscribe": {
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"apple": "https://itunes.apple.com/us/podcast/freakonomics-radio/id354668519",
"tuneIn": "https://tunein.com/podcasts/WNYC-Podcasts/Freakonomics-Radio-p272293/",
"rss": "https://feeds.feedburner.com/freakonomicsradio"
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},
"fresh-air": {
"id": "fresh-air",
"title": "Fresh Air",
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"link": "/radio/program/fresh-air",
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"apple": "https://itunes.apple.com/WebObjects/MZStore.woa/wa/viewPodcast?s=143441&mt=2&id=214089682&at=11l79Y&ct=nprdirectory",
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"rss": "https://feeds.npr.org/381444908/podcast.xml"
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"info": "A live production of NPR and WBUR Boston, in collaboration with stations across the country, Here & Now reflects the fluid world of news as it's happening in the middle of the day, with timely, in-depth news, interviews and conversation. Hosted by Robin Young, Jeremy Hobson and Tonya Mosley.",
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"rss": "https://feeds.npr.org/510051/podcast.xml"
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},
"hidden-brain": {
"id": "hidden-brain",
"title": "Hidden Brain",
"info": "Shankar Vedantam uses science and storytelling to reveal the unconscious patterns that drive human behavior, shape our choices and direct our relationships.",
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"airtime": "SUN 7pm-8pm",
"meta": {
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"source": "NPR"
},
"link": "/radio/program/hidden-brain",
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},
"how-i-built-this": {
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"title": "How I Built This with Guy Raz",
"info": "Guy Raz dives into the stories behind some of the world's best known companies. How I Built This weaves a narrative journey about innovators, entrepreneurs and idealists—and the movements they built.",
"imageSrc": "https://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2018/05/howIBuiltThis.png",
"officialWebsiteLink": "https://www.npr.org/podcasts/510313/how-i-built-this",
"airtime": "SUN 7:30pm-8pm",
"meta": {
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"source": "npr"
},
"link": "/radio/program/how-i-built-this",
"subscribe": {
"npr": "https://rpb3r.app.goo.gl/3zxy",
"apple": "https://itunes.apple.com/us/podcast/how-i-built-this-with-guy-raz/id1150510297?mt=2",
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"rss": "https://feeds.npr.org/510313/podcast.xml"
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},
"hyphenacion": {
"id": "hyphenacion",
"title": "Hyphenación",
"tagline": "Where conversation and cultura meet",
"info": "What kind of no sabo word is Hyphenación? For us, it’s about living within a hyphenation. Like being a third-gen Mexican-American from the Texas border now living that Bay Area Chicano life. Like Xorje! Each week we bring together a couple of hyphenated Latinos to talk all about personal life choices: family, careers, relationships, belonging … everything is on the table. ",
"imageSrc": "https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2025/03/Hyphenacion_FinalAssets_PodcastTile.png",
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"officialWebsiteLink": "/podcasts/hyphenacion",
"meta": {
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"order": 15
},
"link": "/podcasts/hyphenacion",
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"spotify": "https://open.spotify.com/show/2p3Fifq96nw9BPcmFdIq0o?si=39209f7b25774f38",
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"rss": "https://feeds.megaphone.fm/KQINC2275451163"
}
},
"jerrybrown": {
"id": "jerrybrown",
"title": "The Political Mind of Jerry Brown",
"tagline": "Lessons from a lifetime in politics",
"info": "The Political Mind of Jerry Brown brings listeners the wisdom of the former Governor, Mayor, and presidential candidate. Scott Shafer interviewed Brown for more than 40 hours, covering the former governor's life and half-century in the political game – and Brown has some lessons he'd like to share. ",
"imageSrc": "https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/04/The-Political-Mind-of-Jerry-Brown-Podcast-Tile-703x703-1.jpg",
"imageAlt": "KQED The Political Mind of Jerry Brown",
"officialWebsiteLink": "/podcasts/jerrybrown",
"meta": {
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"source": "kqed",
"order": 18
},
"link": "/podcasts/jerrybrown",
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"apple": "https://itunes.apple.com/us/podcast/id1492194549",
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}
},
"latino-usa": {
"id": "latino-usa",
"title": "Latino USA",
"airtime": "MON 1am-2am, SUN 6pm-7pm",
"info": "Latino USA, the radio journal of news and culture, is the only national, English-language radio program produced from a Latino perspective.",
"imageSrc": "https://ww2.kqed.org/radio/wp-content/uploads/sites/50/2018/04/latinoUsa.jpg",
"officialWebsiteLink": "http://latinousa.org/",
"meta": {
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"source": "npr"
},
"link": "/radio/program/latino-usa",
"subscribe": {
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"apple": "https://itunes.apple.com/WebObjects/MZStore.woa/wa/viewPodcast?s=143441&mt=2&id=79681317&at=11l79Y&ct=nprdirectory",
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"rss": "https://feeds.npr.org/510016/podcast.xml"
}
},
"marketplace": {
"id": "marketplace",
"title": "Marketplace",
"info": "Our flagship program, helmed by Kai Ryssdal, examines what the day in money delivered, through stories, conversations, newsworthy numbers and more. Updated Monday through Friday at about 3:30 p.m. PT.",
"airtime": "MON-FRI 4pm-4:30pm, MON-WED 6:30pm-7pm",
"imageSrc": "https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/04/Marketplace-Podcast-Tile-360x360-1.jpg",
"officialWebsiteLink": "https://www.marketplace.org/",
"meta": {
"site": "news",
"source": "American Public Media"
},
"link": "/radio/program/marketplace",
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"rss": "https://feeds.publicradio.org/public_feeds/marketplace-pm/rss/rss"
}
},
"masters-of-scale": {
"id": "masters-of-scale",
"title": "Masters of Scale",
"info": "Masters of Scale is an original podcast in which LinkedIn co-founder and Greylock Partner Reid Hoffman sets out to describe and prove theories that explain how great entrepreneurs take their companies from zero to a gazillion in ingenious fashion.",
"airtime": "Every other Wednesday June 12 through October 16 at 8pm (repeats Thursdays at 2am)",
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"officialWebsiteLink": "https://mastersofscale.com/",
"meta": {
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"source": "WaitWhat"
},
"link": "/radio/program/masters-of-scale",
"subscribe": {
"apple": "http://mastersofscale.app.link/",
"rss": "https://rss.art19.com/masters-of-scale"
}
},
"mindshift": {
"id": "mindshift",
"title": "MindShift",
"tagline": "A podcast about the future of learning and how we raise our kids",
"info": "The MindShift podcast explores the innovations in education that are shaping how kids learn. Hosts Ki Sung and Katrina Schwartz introduce listeners to educators, researchers, parents and students who are developing effective ways to improve how kids learn. We cover topics like how fed-up administrators are developing surprising tactics to deal with classroom disruptions; how listening to podcasts are helping kids develop reading skills; the consequences of overparenting; and why interdisciplinary learning can engage students on all ends of the traditional achievement spectrum. This podcast is part of the MindShift education site, a division of KQED News. KQED is an NPR/PBS member station based in San Francisco. You can also visit the MindShift website for episodes and supplemental blog posts or tweet us \u003ca href=\"https://twitter.com/MindShiftKQED\">@MindShiftKQED\u003c/a> or visit us at \u003ca href=\"/mindshift\">MindShift.KQED.org\u003c/a>",
"imageSrc": "https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/04/Mindshift-Podcast-Tile-703x703-1.jpg",
"imageAlt": "KQED MindShift: How We Will Learn",
"officialWebsiteLink": "/mindshift/",
"meta": {
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"source": "kqed",
"order": 12
},
"link": "/podcasts/mindshift",
"subscribe": {
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"google": "https://podcasts.google.com/feed/aHR0cHM6Ly9mZWVkcy5tZWdhcGhvbmUuZm0vS1FJTkM1NzY0NjAwNDI5",
"npr": "https://www.npr.org/podcasts/464615685/mind-shift-podcast",
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}
},
"morning-edition": {
"id": "morning-edition",
"title": "Morning Edition",
"info": "\u003cem>Morning Edition\u003c/em> takes listeners around the country and the world with multi-faceted stories and commentaries every weekday. Hosts Steve Inskeep, David Greene and Rachel Martin bring you the latest breaking news and features to prepare you for the day.",
"airtime": "MON-FRI 3am-9am",
"imageSrc": "https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/04/Morning-Edition-Podcast-Tile-360x360-1.jpg",
"officialWebsiteLink": "https://www.npr.org/programs/morning-edition/",
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"link": "/radio/program/morning-edition"
},
"onourwatch": {
"id": "onourwatch",
"title": "On Our Watch",
"tagline": "Deeply-reported investigative journalism",
"info": "For decades, the process for how police police themselves has been inconsistent – if not opaque. In some states, like California, these proceedings were completely hidden. After a new police transparency law unsealed scores of internal affairs files, our reporters set out to examine these cases and the shadow world of police discipline. On Our Watch brings listeners into the rooms where officers are questioned and witnesses are interrogated to find out who this system is really protecting. Is it the officers, or the public they've sworn to serve?",
"imageSrc": "https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/04/On-Our-Watch-Podcast-Tile-703x703-1.jpg",
"imageAlt": "On Our Watch from NPR and KQED",
"officialWebsiteLink": "/podcasts/onourwatch",
"meta": {
"site": "news",
"source": "kqed",
"order": 11
},
"link": "/podcasts/onourwatch",
"subscribe": {
"apple": "https://podcasts.apple.com/podcast/id1567098962",
"google": "https://podcasts.google.com/feed/aHR0cHM6Ly9mZWVkcy5ucHIub3JnLzUxMDM2MC9wb2RjYXN0LnhtbD9zYz1nb29nbGVwb2RjYXN0cw",
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"rss": "https://feeds.npr.org/510360/podcast.xml"
}
},
"on-the-media": {
"id": "on-the-media",
"title": "On The Media",
"info": "Our weekly podcast explores how the media 'sausage' is made, casts an incisive eye on fluctuations in the marketplace of ideas, and examines threats to the freedom of information and expression in America and abroad. For one hour a week, the show tries to lift the veil from the process of \"making media,\" especially news media, because it's through that lens that we see the world and the world sees us",
"airtime": "SUN 2pm-3pm, MON 12am-1am",
"imageSrc": "https://ww2.kqed.org/radio/wp-content/uploads/sites/50/2018/04/onTheMedia.png",
"officialWebsiteLink": "https://www.wnycstudios.org/shows/otm",
"meta": {
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"source": "wnyc"
},
"link": "/radio/program/on-the-media",
"subscribe": {
"apple": "https://itunes.apple.com/us/podcast/on-the-media/id73330715?mt=2",
"tuneIn": "https://tunein.com/radio/On-the-Media-p69/",
"rss": "http://feeds.wnyc.org/onthemedia"
}
},
"pbs-newshour": {
"id": "pbs-newshour",
"title": "PBS NewsHour",
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