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"content": "\u003cp>California survived its historic drought, in large part by using groundwater. It was a lifeline in the Central Valley, where it was the only source of water for many farmers.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>California regulators are charged with protecting that groundwater, but for years they failed to do so. Through a series of mistakes and miscommunication, they allowed oil companies to put wastewater into drinking water aquifers that were supposed to be safeguarded.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Now, a KQED investigation reveals that regulators still know little about the actual impact on the state’s groundwater reserves.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>One of those errors was discovered by an unlikely person: Bill Samarin, a farmer in California’s San Joaquin Valley.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Oil and agriculture are the big employers in Tulare County, where Samarin lives. Among the citrus and almond orchards, you see steel pumpjacks bobbing above the treetops. So criticizing either of those industries doesn’t make you popular.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“That doesn’t set well with people around here,” Samarin said. “You’re some kind of environmentalist, which isn’t a very accepted thing to be if you’re a farmer out in this area.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Samarin is not an environmentalist. He describes himself as a “pretty conservative guy.” So what he discovered about the oil industry put him in unfamiliar territory, straining relationships in this tight-knit community.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>The Biggest Issue\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>It started with the oil field not far from his orchard.\u003c/p>\n\u003caside class=\"pullquote alignright\">‘Is this even possible that they could be taking wastewater and injecting it into drinking water?’\u003ccite>Bill Samarin, farmer\u003c/cite>\u003c/aside>\n\u003cp>“From our house, we could look across and it’s probably about three-quarters of a mile,” he said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>County officials had received an application to expand that oil field and allow more drilling. Given how close it was to his property, Samarin started doing some homework.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“When I looked into it further, I found out actually that the biggest issue out here isn’t the things you see on top of the ground,” he said. “The biggest issue out here is the wastewater and how they’re getting rid of it.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Oil companies in California produce tons of wastewater. On average, for every barrel of oil, a California oil well produces 19 barrels of water, often laden with salts, trace metals and chemicals like benzene.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“They have to get rid of it somehow and in this area here, they pump it into the ground,” he said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"alignright size-full wp-image-1914135\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2017/08/KQED_CAOilWstwtr.gif\" alt=\"\" width=\"400\" height=\"711\">It’s the standard way in which oil companies dispose of wastewater in California: using injection wells, which are not much more than a pipe going into the ground with a gauge to monitor water pressure.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Generally, the wastewater is deposited pretty deep, below the usable groundwater, into aquifers that are already too salty to be drinkable.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Samarin decided to look up all the wells near his orchard, to see where the wastewater was going. He couldn’t believe what he found.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“I was just stunned, stunned by how close it was to groundwater,” Samarin said. He uses groundwater on his crops, along with a lot of other farmers in the area.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“I just drilled a well here,” he said. “We drilled down to 740 feet. The injection wells in this area are injecting at similar depths.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Alarmed, Samarin went to the local water regulators, the Central Valley Regional Water Quality Control Board. They told him how a water law, known as the Safe Drinking Water Act, works. Groundwater that’s potentially drinkable is automatically off limits for oil companies for wastewater disposal.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But if groundwater quality is already tainted by oil or salts, then companies can get permission from state agencies and the federal Environmental Protection Agency to put wastewater there.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The regulators gave Samarin a map of the land around his orchard that had been approved for wastewater disposal, as well as the areas that were protected.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Most people probably would have stopped there, but not Samarin. He wanted to know how close those injection wells were to his protected aquifer.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Digging Through the Maps\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Samarin didn’t have to turn very far for help. His son, Alex, works with maps for a living.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“I think we’re both curious people,” said the younger Samarin. “Once the question is asked, we want to see what the answer is.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>He plotted coordinates for all the wastewater wells on top of the land approved for wastewater.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Six out of the seven did fall within the allowable aquifer,” he said. “One was completely outside of it.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>That meant an oil company was putting its wastewater into a protected aquifer that was supposed to be off-limits.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“We were just stunned,” recalls Bill. “It was like: is this even possible that they could be taking wastewater and injecting it into drinking water? Can you imagine that that actually occurs in California in this day and age?”\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_1914133\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 1920px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-full wp-image-1914133\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2017/08/injection-well-web.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"1920\" height=\"1077\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2017/08/injection-well-web.jpg 1920w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2017/08/injection-well-web-160x90.jpg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2017/08/injection-well-web-800x449.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2017/08/injection-well-web-768x431.jpg 768w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2017/08/injection-well-web-1020x572.jpg 1020w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2017/08/injection-well-web-1180x662.jpg 1180w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2017/08/injection-well-web-960x539.jpg 960w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2017/08/injection-well-web-240x135.jpg 240w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2017/08/injection-well-web-375x210.jpg 375w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2017/08/injection-well-web-520x292.jpg 520w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 1920px) 100vw, 1920px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">A wastewater injection well in San Joaquin County. \u003ccite>(Lauren Sommer/KQED)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>He decided to take it to county officials.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In 2014, Tulare County held hearings about whether to allow the oil operation near Samarin’s orchard to expand, and he filed an appeal against it.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>He wanted the county to know about the mistake: that regulators with the state’s \u003ca href=\"http://www.conservation.ca.gov/dog\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">Division of Oil, Gas, and Geothermal Resources\u003c/a> had permitted a wastewater well that it shouldn’t have. Over a decade, it had pumped 80 million gallons of wastewater into the aquifer.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>At the hearing, Samarin presented his report, going over everything he and his son had found.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Produced water associated with oil production can contain many constituents that may endanger the environment or the public health,” he testified.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>When the meeting was opened for comments, Burton Ellison, a recently-retired regulator with DOGGR, challenged Samarin’s findings, calling them untrue. “Every one of those wells went through a rigorous review,” Ellison told the hearing. “As a matter of fact, I reviewed some of them back in 2008.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In the end, county supervisors denied Samarin’s appeal, stating that regulating wastewater was the state’s job, not theirs.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Samarin let it drop for the time being. “I left it to other contacts,” he said. “The state water board knew about it.”\u003c/p>\n\u003caside class=\"pullquote alignright\">‘It looks like a completely broken system.’\u003ccite>Briana Mordick, Natural Resources Defense Council\u003c/cite>\u003c/aside>\n\u003cp>Six months later, those state water regulators reviewing wastewater wells discovered that Samarin had been right.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>They ordered the errant injection well that Samarin had found be shut down. The oil company, Modus, Inc., responded that its wastewater didn’t contaminate the aquifer because it had the same salt level as the aquifer it was going into.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>What Samarin didn’t know was that his wasn’t an isolated case. It was happening all over California.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>“Broken System”\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“There are thousands of wells spread all across the state that are potentially impacting clean drinking water,” says Briana Mordick of the Natural Resources Defense Council.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>State oil regulators grant permits for wastewater injection wells, so knowing the boundaries between protected and unprotected aquifers is crucial. But for decades, Mordick says, state regulators confused those boundaries.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“It’s just a pretty shocking state of affairs,” says Mordick. “Just poor communication, poor record-keeping. It looks like a completely broken system.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Our records weren’t solid,” admits Teresa Schilling, a spokesperson for the division of oil and gas. “They were missing in many cases and it’s essential that we have accurate records.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[audio src=https://www.kqed.org/.stream/anon/radio/science/2017/08/ScienceOilWastewaterISommer170802.mp3 program=\"KQED Science\" title=\"Oil and Groundwater – Part 1\" image=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2017/03/Pumpjack1.jpg\"]\u003cbr>\nIn some cases, the aquifer maps were decades old with fuzzy boundaries. In other cases, the records regulators used to make decisions were mixed up 30 years ago. The Environmental Protection Agency had a complete list of the protected aquifers, but for unknown reasons, California oil regulators were working from an incomplete list that didn’t include 11 protected aquifers.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“We understand that the public has concern about what’s at stake with their drinking water,” says Schilling. “We all know we have a right to clean drinking water and we have a right to expect that our government will take care of that for us.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>What regulators are doing now, Schilling says, is reviewing records for thousands of wastewater injection wells, looking for mistakes. So far, about 175 wells have been shut down.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But six years after the problems emerged, there are still hundreds of wastewater wells operating in protected aquifers, mostly in Kern and Tulare counties. Schilling says these aquifers aren’t drinking-water quality and the state is going through the process of approving them for wastewater disposal. That was supposed to happen by February, but \u003ca href=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/science/2017/01/17/california-says-oil-companies-can-keep-dumping-wastewater-during-state-review/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">the process is still unfinished\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[contextly_sidebar id=”15pcTtN87lI8MC5yd6uoTZdzBsD7cLTU”]“It’s very hard as a government entity to move fast but this has been a top priority at the Department of Conservation,” she says.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Minimal Testing\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Still not fully understood is what impact all this has had on the quality of California’s drinking-water aquifers.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“The testing that has been performed has been minimal, I would say,” says John Borkovich of the State Water Resources Control Board.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The agency has tested some of the drinking water wells within a mile of the wastewater wells that were wrongly permitted. The tests looked at the quality of the drinking water.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Borkovich says officials have found no correlation between wastewater injection and “anything we’re finding in the water supply wells.” So far.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Just because we haven’t seen anything, doesn’t mean there isn’t an issue out there,” he said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The next, bigger challenge is determining what the long-term impact of wastewater has been on the larger aquifers. Some wastewater wells have been operating for decades.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[audio src=https://www.kqed.org/.stream/anon/radio/science/2017/08/oilwastewaterpt2.mp3 program=\"KQED Science\" title=\"Oil and Groundwater – Part 2\" image=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2017/01/Oil-CentralValley.jpg\"]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>KQED asked oil regulators for records showing contamination levels of the wastewater that oil companies put into the cleanest aquifers. Officials say they can’t produce those records for KQED, because the information is in stacks of paperwork, spread across several regional offices. They also say the division of oil and gas isn’t looking at that question.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Given how far back the permitting problems go, it could be a challenge for the state to reconstruct what’s happened underground.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“We don’t necessarily have good records of what the quality of that water would have been 20 years ago when they started doing this,” said NRDC’s Mordick. “So trying to figure out whether their actions have impacted the water is really difficult at this point.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Mordick adds that the state may be overlooking certain chemicals in their testing.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“One of the complicating things is that the state doesn’t require disclosure of most of the stuff that oil and gas operators use,” Mordick says. “Things like drilling fluids, or maintenance fluids, enhanced oil recovery operations, so really, we wouldn’t know what to test for.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The aquifers in question may not contain groundwater that California needs right now, but future droughts are inevitable.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Those resources are becoming more and more valuable over time,” says Mordick. “Protecting our groundwater is really important. They need to follow the rules and California needs to step up and take this seriously because they haven’t been for a long time.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad floatright]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>State water regulators say they hope to figure out what the larger impacts have been in the years ahead, but have no set timeline. The risk is that they’ve allowed oil companies to contaminate drinking water aquifers to such an extent that Californians may have permanently lost those sources of fresh water.\u003c/p>\n\n",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>California survived its historic drought, in large part by using groundwater. It was a lifeline in the Central Valley, where it was the only source of water for many farmers.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>California regulators are charged with protecting that groundwater, but for years they failed to do so. Through a series of mistakes and miscommunication, they allowed oil companies to put wastewater into drinking water aquifers that were supposed to be safeguarded.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Now, a KQED investigation reveals that regulators still know little about the actual impact on the state’s groundwater reserves.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>One of those errors was discovered by an unlikely person: Bill Samarin, a farmer in California’s San Joaquin Valley.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Oil and agriculture are the big employers in Tulare County, where Samarin lives. Among the citrus and almond orchards, you see steel pumpjacks bobbing above the treetops. So criticizing either of those industries doesn’t make you popular.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“That doesn’t set well with people around here,” Samarin said. “You’re some kind of environmentalist, which isn’t a very accepted thing to be if you’re a farmer out in this area.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Samarin is not an environmentalist. He describes himself as a “pretty conservative guy.” So what he discovered about the oil industry put him in unfamiliar territory, straining relationships in this tight-knit community.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>The Biggest Issue\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>It started with the oil field not far from his orchard.\u003c/p>\n\u003caside class=\"pullquote alignright\">‘Is this even possible that they could be taking wastewater and injecting it into drinking water?’\u003ccite>Bill Samarin, farmer\u003c/cite>\u003c/aside>\n\u003cp>“From our house, we could look across and it’s probably about three-quarters of a mile,” he said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>County officials had received an application to expand that oil field and allow more drilling. Given how close it was to his property, Samarin started doing some homework.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“When I looked into it further, I found out actually that the biggest issue out here isn’t the things you see on top of the ground,” he said. “The biggest issue out here is the wastewater and how they’re getting rid of it.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Oil companies in California produce tons of wastewater. On average, for every barrel of oil, a California oil well produces 19 barrels of water, often laden with salts, trace metals and chemicals like benzene.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“They have to get rid of it somehow and in this area here, they pump it into the ground,” he said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"alignright size-full wp-image-1914135\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2017/08/KQED_CAOilWstwtr.gif\" alt=\"\" width=\"400\" height=\"711\">It’s the standard way in which oil companies dispose of wastewater in California: using injection wells, which are not much more than a pipe going into the ground with a gauge to monitor water pressure.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Generally, the wastewater is deposited pretty deep, below the usable groundwater, into aquifers that are already too salty to be drinkable.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Samarin decided to look up all the wells near his orchard, to see where the wastewater was going. He couldn’t believe what he found.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“I was just stunned, stunned by how close it was to groundwater,” Samarin said. He uses groundwater on his crops, along with a lot of other farmers in the area.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“I just drilled a well here,” he said. “We drilled down to 740 feet. The injection wells in this area are injecting at similar depths.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Alarmed, Samarin went to the local water regulators, the Central Valley Regional Water Quality Control Board. They told him how a water law, known as the Safe Drinking Water Act, works. Groundwater that’s potentially drinkable is automatically off limits for oil companies for wastewater disposal.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But if groundwater quality is already tainted by oil or salts, then companies can get permission from state agencies and the federal Environmental Protection Agency to put wastewater there.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The regulators gave Samarin a map of the land around his orchard that had been approved for wastewater disposal, as well as the areas that were protected.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Most people probably would have stopped there, but not Samarin. He wanted to know how close those injection wells were to his protected aquifer.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Digging Through the Maps\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Samarin didn’t have to turn very far for help. His son, Alex, works with maps for a living.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“I think we’re both curious people,” said the younger Samarin. “Once the question is asked, we want to see what the answer is.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>He plotted coordinates for all the wastewater wells on top of the land approved for wastewater.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Six out of the seven did fall within the allowable aquifer,” he said. “One was completely outside of it.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>That meant an oil company was putting its wastewater into a protected aquifer that was supposed to be off-limits.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“We were just stunned,” recalls Bill. “It was like: is this even possible that they could be taking wastewater and injecting it into drinking water? Can you imagine that that actually occurs in California in this day and age?”\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_1914133\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 1920px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-full wp-image-1914133\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2017/08/injection-well-web.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"1920\" height=\"1077\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2017/08/injection-well-web.jpg 1920w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2017/08/injection-well-web-160x90.jpg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2017/08/injection-well-web-800x449.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2017/08/injection-well-web-768x431.jpg 768w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2017/08/injection-well-web-1020x572.jpg 1020w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2017/08/injection-well-web-1180x662.jpg 1180w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2017/08/injection-well-web-960x539.jpg 960w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2017/08/injection-well-web-240x135.jpg 240w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2017/08/injection-well-web-375x210.jpg 375w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2017/08/injection-well-web-520x292.jpg 520w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 1920px) 100vw, 1920px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">A wastewater injection well in San Joaquin County. \u003ccite>(Lauren Sommer/KQED)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>He decided to take it to county officials.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In 2014, Tulare County held hearings about whether to allow the oil operation near Samarin’s orchard to expand, and he filed an appeal against it.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>He wanted the county to know about the mistake: that regulators with the state’s \u003ca href=\"http://www.conservation.ca.gov/dog\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">Division of Oil, Gas, and Geothermal Resources\u003c/a> had permitted a wastewater well that it shouldn’t have. Over a decade, it had pumped 80 million gallons of wastewater into the aquifer.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>At the hearing, Samarin presented his report, going over everything he and his son had found.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Produced water associated with oil production can contain many constituents that may endanger the environment or the public health,” he testified.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>When the meeting was opened for comments, Burton Ellison, a recently-retired regulator with DOGGR, challenged Samarin’s findings, calling them untrue. “Every one of those wells went through a rigorous review,” Ellison told the hearing. “As a matter of fact, I reviewed some of them back in 2008.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In the end, county supervisors denied Samarin’s appeal, stating that regulating wastewater was the state’s job, not theirs.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Samarin let it drop for the time being. “I left it to other contacts,” he said. “The state water board knew about it.”\u003c/p>\n\u003caside class=\"pullquote alignright\">‘It looks like a completely broken system.’\u003ccite>Briana Mordick, Natural Resources Defense Council\u003c/cite>\u003c/aside>\n\u003cp>Six months later, those state water regulators reviewing wastewater wells discovered that Samarin had been right.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>They ordered the errant injection well that Samarin had found be shut down. The oil company, Modus, Inc., responded that its wastewater didn’t contaminate the aquifer because it had the same salt level as the aquifer it was going into.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>What Samarin didn’t know was that his wasn’t an isolated case. It was happening all over California.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>“Broken System”\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“There are thousands of wells spread all across the state that are potentially impacting clean drinking water,” says Briana Mordick of the Natural Resources Defense Council.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>State oil regulators grant permits for wastewater injection wells, so knowing the boundaries between protected and unprotected aquifers is crucial. But for decades, Mordick says, state regulators confused those boundaries.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“It’s just a pretty shocking state of affairs,” says Mordick. “Just poor communication, poor record-keeping. It looks like a completely broken system.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Our records weren’t solid,” admits Teresa Schilling, a spokesperson for the division of oil and gas. “They were missing in many cases and it’s essential that we have accurate records.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cbr>\nIn some cases, the aquifer maps were decades old with fuzzy boundaries. In other cases, the records regulators used to make decisions were mixed up 30 years ago. The Environmental Protection Agency had a complete list of the protected aquifers, but for unknown reasons, California oil regulators were working from an incomplete list that didn’t include 11 protected aquifers.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“We understand that the public has concern about what’s at stake with their drinking water,” says Schilling. “We all know we have a right to clean drinking water and we have a right to expect that our government will take care of that for us.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>What regulators are doing now, Schilling says, is reviewing records for thousands of wastewater injection wells, looking for mistakes. So far, about 175 wells have been shut down.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But six years after the problems emerged, there are still hundreds of wastewater wells operating in protected aquifers, mostly in Kern and Tulare counties. Schilling says these aquifers aren’t drinking-water quality and the state is going through the process of approving them for wastewater disposal. That was supposed to happen by February, but \u003ca href=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/science/2017/01/17/california-says-oil-companies-can-keep-dumping-wastewater-during-state-review/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">the process is still unfinished\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003cp>“It’s very hard as a government entity to move fast but this has been a top priority at the Department of Conservation,” she says.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Minimal Testing\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Still not fully understood is what impact all this has had on the quality of California’s drinking-water aquifers.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“The testing that has been performed has been minimal, I would say,” says John Borkovich of the State Water Resources Control Board.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The agency has tested some of the drinking water wells within a mile of the wastewater wells that were wrongly permitted. The tests looked at the quality of the drinking water.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Borkovich says officials have found no correlation between wastewater injection and “anything we’re finding in the water supply wells.” So far.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Just because we haven’t seen anything, doesn’t mean there isn’t an issue out there,” he said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The next, bigger challenge is determining what the long-term impact of wastewater has been on the larger aquifers. Some wastewater wells have been operating for decades.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>KQED asked oil regulators for records showing contamination levels of the wastewater that oil companies put into the cleanest aquifers. Officials say they can’t produce those records for KQED, because the information is in stacks of paperwork, spread across several regional offices. They also say the division of oil and gas isn’t looking at that question.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Given how far back the permitting problems go, it could be a challenge for the state to reconstruct what’s happened underground.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“We don’t necessarily have good records of what the quality of that water would have been 20 years ago when they started doing this,” said NRDC’s Mordick. “So trying to figure out whether their actions have impacted the water is really difficult at this point.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Mordick adds that the state may be overlooking certain chemicals in their testing.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“One of the complicating things is that the state doesn’t require disclosure of most of the stuff that oil and gas operators use,” Mordick says. “Things like drilling fluids, or maintenance fluids, enhanced oil recovery operations, so really, we wouldn’t know what to test for.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The aquifers in question may not contain groundwater that California needs right now, but future droughts are inevitable.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Those resources are becoming more and more valuable over time,” says Mordick. “Protecting our groundwater is really important. They need to follow the rules and California needs to step up and take this seriously because they haven’t been for a long time.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>State water regulators say they hope to figure out what the larger impacts have been in the years ahead, but have no set timeline. The risk is that they’ve allowed oil companies to contaminate drinking water aquifers to such an extent that Californians may have permanently lost those sources of fresh water.\u003c/p>\n\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>",
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"disqusTitle": "New Plan for Potrero Projects Has Residents Worried About the Future",
"title": "New Plan for Potrero Projects Has Residents Worried About the Future",
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"content": "\u003cp>San Francisco is changing.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>As the bubble inflates and the housing market continues to surge, marquee developments and luxury complexes get most of the headlines. But the other end of the market is also undergoing a radical transformation. Faced with market-driven realities, San Francisco is changing its approach to public housing.\u003c/p>\n\u003caside class=\"pullquote alignleft\">“They say they’re going to mix us up with teachers, doctors and all that. I doubt it.”\u003cbr>\n\u003ccite>Antoinette Cowden, Potrero Hill resident\u003c/cite>\u003c/aside>\n\u003cp>After decades of planning, construction began in January on a project that will completely transform the Potrero Hill housing projects, some of the oldest public housing in the city. Faced with an uncertain future, current residents are skeptical about their place in the new plans.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“It’s frustrating because I don’t know what they’re going to do with me, and we don’t have a choice. We don’t,\" said Antoinette Cowden, a Potrero Hill resident, about the new development.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Built in the 1940s, the Potrero projects are home to roughly 1,200 people divided into two sections, Potrero Terrace and Potrero Annex. Residents are isolated, and the buildings are run-down and neglected. It is the essence of the old public housing model.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11608429\" class=\"wp-caption alignright\" style=\"max-width: 800px\">\u003cimg class=\"wp-image-11608429 size-medium\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2017/08/Aerial-Perspectives_before-and-after-1-800x540.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"800\" height=\"540\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/08/Aerial-Perspectives_before-and-after-1-800x540.jpg 800w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/08/Aerial-Perspectives_before-and-after-1-160x108.jpg 160w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/08/Aerial-Perspectives_before-and-after-1-1020x689.jpg 1020w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/08/Aerial-Perspectives_before-and-after-1-1920x1296.jpg 1920w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/08/Aerial-Perspectives_before-and-after-1-1180x797.jpg 1180w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/08/Aerial-Perspectives_before-and-after-1-960x648.jpg 960w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/08/Aerial-Perspectives_before-and-after-1-240x162.jpg 240w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/08/Aerial-Perspectives_before-and-after-1-375x253.jpg 375w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/08/Aerial-Perspectives_before-and-after-1-520x351.jpg 520w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/08/Aerial-Perspectives_before-and-after-1.jpg 2000w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">A rendering of the new, mixed-income Hope SF Potrero Hill development. \u003ccite>(Courtesy of Bridge Housing)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>The \u003ca href=\"http://www.bridgehousing.com/what-we-do/potrero-terrace-annex\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">ambitious Potrero Hill development\u003c/a>, the third project in the citywide \u003ca href=\"http://www.hope-sf.org/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">Hope SF\u003c/a> initiative, will completely replace all 600 public housing units, as part of a denser, integrated mixed-income community that will also include market-rate housing and retail space. The other three Hope SF developments are in Hunters View, Alice Griffith and Sunnydale. Construction on both Hunters View and Alice Griffith is underway, and phase one of Sunnydale is expected to break ground soon.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The plan to integrate public, affordable and market-rate housing is a main tenet of Hope SF and a national trend in public housing redevelopment. The Potrero plan calls for the sale of land to private developers who will build 817 market-rate units -- both rentals and condos -- and roughly 200 low-income or below-market units, in addition to replacing and maintaining the 600 public housing units.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Integrating market-rate and public housing is a way to “solve the chronic underfunding of public housing by bringing in new resources,” according to Dan Adams, director of Bridge Potrero, the master developer in charge of the project. “Market-rate housing is essentially subsidizing public housing.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>One downside of this approach: Similar projects throughout the country have seen a net decrease in the amount of public housing units, according to Adams, as developers obviously prefer the highly profitable market-rate housing.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[gallery columns=\"2\" size=\"medium\" ids=\"11608371,11608436\"]\u003cbr>\n“They say they’re going to mix us up with teachers, doctors and all that. I doubt it,” Cowden said. “We’re losing everything, because this condominium will go to the rich people.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The skepticism of current residents is rooted in San Francisco’s long history of displacing black communities.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“This has been done over the centuries. This ain’t nothing new,” said John W. Smith Jr., president of the Potrero Hill Tenants Association.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>After World War II, the city undertook an \u003ca href=\"http://hoodline.com/2016/01/how-urban-renewal-destroyed-the-fillmore-in-order-to-save-it\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">extensive redevelopment of the Fillmore district\u003c/a> that resulted in the displacement of tens of thousands of African-Americans residents. More recently, Bayview-Hunters Point has seen a spate of new construction that has driven a large chunk of the African-American population out of the historically black neighborhood.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Hunters Point had a lot of black community, same with the Fillmore. A lot of people were displaced, gone or not able to move back. So, the whole texture of the community changed. They don’t give a damn because it’s all about the profit,” Smith said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11608369\" class=\"wp-caption alignright\" style=\"max-width: 800px\">\u003cimg class=\"wp-image-11608369 size-medium\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2017/08/John-Smith-outside-800x450.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"800\" height=\"450\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/08/John-Smith-outside-800x450.jpg 800w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/08/John-Smith-outside-160x90.jpg 160w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/08/John-Smith-outside-1020x574.jpg 1020w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/08/John-Smith-outside-1920x1080.jpg 1920w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/08/John-Smith-outside-1180x664.jpg 1180w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/08/John-Smith-outside-960x540.jpg 960w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/08/John-Smith-outside-240x135.jpg 240w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/08/John-Smith-outside-375x211.jpg 375w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/08/John-Smith-outside-520x293.jpg 520w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">John W. Smith Jr. doesn't know what the new Potrero Hill development means for him in the future. \u003ccite>(Margaret Katcher/KQED)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>“I understand where the skepticism comes from. People have showed up over time and said things that are not true,” Adams said. “These communities have been neglected by the public sector for a long time. When programs or projects come about and say, 'Hey, we’re going to make your life better,' there’s an inherit skepticism on the part of residents.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Another difference in the new Hope SF public housing approach: Residents are being told that they won’t have to move out of the neighborhood while they wait for construction to be completed. The plan calls for parts of the development to be completed in phases, allowing for residents to move into new housing before the next phase is torn down.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Construction on phase one began in January on a vacant parcel of land and is expected to be finished by fall 2018. At that point, residents currently living in phase two will move out of their current units and into the new units of phase one.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The logistics make sense on paper, but in practice the math isn't quite one-to-one. For example, some residents, about 25 percent of phase one residences or just under 20 families, will have to either move into current vacant units elsewhere in the Potrero projects or volunteer to move to comparable housing elsewhere in the city, before being able to then move back into a new unit after additional phases have been completed.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The complexities of the process are difficult to communicate, resulting in confusion and yet more skepticism.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Despite the positive ethos of these new approaches to integrate public housing and decrease displacement, the uncertainty for many residents is real.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“There is anxiety that comes with change,” Adams said. “The process is challenging, but I believe over time the skepticism will start to diminish.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The entire Potrero Hill redevelopment isn't estimated to be fully complete until 2026. For now, all residents can do is wait.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>Margaret Katcher and Rachel Cassandra contributed to the reporting of this story and co-produced the above video.\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\n",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>San Francisco is changing.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>As the bubble inflates and the housing market continues to surge, marquee developments and luxury complexes get most of the headlines. But the other end of the market is also undergoing a radical transformation. Faced with market-driven realities, San Francisco is changing its approach to public housing.\u003c/p>\n\u003caside class=\"pullquote alignleft\">“They say they’re going to mix us up with teachers, doctors and all that. I doubt it.”\u003cbr>\n\u003ccite>Antoinette Cowden, Potrero Hill resident\u003c/cite>\u003c/aside>\n\u003cp>After decades of planning, construction began in January on a project that will completely transform the Potrero Hill housing projects, some of the oldest public housing in the city. Faced with an uncertain future, current residents are skeptical about their place in the new plans.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“It’s frustrating because I don’t know what they’re going to do with me, and we don’t have a choice. We don’t,\" said Antoinette Cowden, a Potrero Hill resident, about the new development.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Built in the 1940s, the Potrero projects are home to roughly 1,200 people divided into two sections, Potrero Terrace and Potrero Annex. Residents are isolated, and the buildings are run-down and neglected. It is the essence of the old public housing model.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11608429\" class=\"wp-caption alignright\" style=\"max-width: 800px\">\u003cimg class=\"wp-image-11608429 size-medium\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2017/08/Aerial-Perspectives_before-and-after-1-800x540.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"800\" height=\"540\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/08/Aerial-Perspectives_before-and-after-1-800x540.jpg 800w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/08/Aerial-Perspectives_before-and-after-1-160x108.jpg 160w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/08/Aerial-Perspectives_before-and-after-1-1020x689.jpg 1020w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/08/Aerial-Perspectives_before-and-after-1-1920x1296.jpg 1920w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/08/Aerial-Perspectives_before-and-after-1-1180x797.jpg 1180w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/08/Aerial-Perspectives_before-and-after-1-960x648.jpg 960w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/08/Aerial-Perspectives_before-and-after-1-240x162.jpg 240w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/08/Aerial-Perspectives_before-and-after-1-375x253.jpg 375w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/08/Aerial-Perspectives_before-and-after-1-520x351.jpg 520w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/08/Aerial-Perspectives_before-and-after-1.jpg 2000w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">A rendering of the new, mixed-income Hope SF Potrero Hill development. \u003ccite>(Courtesy of Bridge Housing)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>The \u003ca href=\"http://www.bridgehousing.com/what-we-do/potrero-terrace-annex\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">ambitious Potrero Hill development\u003c/a>, the third project in the citywide \u003ca href=\"http://www.hope-sf.org/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">Hope SF\u003c/a> initiative, will completely replace all 600 public housing units, as part of a denser, integrated mixed-income community that will also include market-rate housing and retail space. The other three Hope SF developments are in Hunters View, Alice Griffith and Sunnydale. Construction on both Hunters View and Alice Griffith is underway, and phase one of Sunnydale is expected to break ground soon.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cbr>\n“They say they’re going to mix us up with teachers, doctors and all that. I doubt it,” Cowden said. “We’re losing everything, because this condominium will go to the rich people.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The skepticism of current residents is rooted in San Francisco’s long history of displacing black communities.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“This has been done over the centuries. This ain’t nothing new,” said John W. Smith Jr., president of the Potrero Hill Tenants Association.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>After World War II, the city undertook an \u003ca href=\"http://hoodline.com/2016/01/how-urban-renewal-destroyed-the-fillmore-in-order-to-save-it\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">extensive redevelopment of the Fillmore district\u003c/a> that resulted in the displacement of tens of thousands of African-Americans residents. More recently, Bayview-Hunters Point has seen a spate of new construction that has driven a large chunk of the African-American population out of the historically black neighborhood.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Hunters Point had a lot of black community, same with the Fillmore. A lot of people were displaced, gone or not able to move back. So, the whole texture of the community changed. They don’t give a damn because it’s all about the profit,” Smith said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11608369\" class=\"wp-caption alignright\" style=\"max-width: 800px\">\u003cimg class=\"wp-image-11608369 size-medium\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2017/08/John-Smith-outside-800x450.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"800\" height=\"450\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/08/John-Smith-outside-800x450.jpg 800w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/08/John-Smith-outside-160x90.jpg 160w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/08/John-Smith-outside-1020x574.jpg 1020w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/08/John-Smith-outside-1920x1080.jpg 1920w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/08/John-Smith-outside-1180x664.jpg 1180w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/08/John-Smith-outside-960x540.jpg 960w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/08/John-Smith-outside-240x135.jpg 240w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/08/John-Smith-outside-375x211.jpg 375w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/08/John-Smith-outside-520x293.jpg 520w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">John W. Smith Jr. doesn't know what the new Potrero Hill development means for him in the future. \u003ccite>(Margaret Katcher/KQED)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>“I understand where the skepticism comes from. People have showed up over time and said things that are not true,” Adams said. “These communities have been neglected by the public sector for a long time. When programs or projects come about and say, 'Hey, we’re going to make your life better,' there’s an inherit skepticism on the part of residents.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Another difference in the new Hope SF public housing approach: Residents are being told that they won’t have to move out of the neighborhood while they wait for construction to be completed. The plan calls for parts of the development to be completed in phases, allowing for residents to move into new housing before the next phase is torn down.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Construction on phase one began in January on a vacant parcel of land and is expected to be finished by fall 2018. At that point, residents currently living in phase two will move out of their current units and into the new units of phase one.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The logistics make sense on paper, but in practice the math isn't quite one-to-one. For example, some residents, about 25 percent of phase one residences or just under 20 families, will have to either move into current vacant units elsewhere in the Potrero projects or volunteer to move to comparable housing elsewhere in the city, before being able to then move back into a new unit after additional phases have been completed.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The complexities of the process are difficult to communicate, resulting in confusion and yet more skepticism.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Despite the positive ethos of these new approaches to integrate public housing and decrease displacement, the uncertainty for many residents is real.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“There is anxiety that comes with change,” Adams said. “The process is challenging, but I believe over time the skepticism will start to diminish.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The entire Potrero Hill redevelopment isn't estimated to be fully complete until 2026. For now, all residents can do is wait.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>Margaret Katcher and Rachel Cassandra contributed to the reporting of this story and co-produced the above video.\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>",
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"content": "\u003cp>After a man held a knife to her throat, forced her into her car and repeatedly raped her, Helena Lazaro underwent a painful and humiliating medical forensic examination. The 17-year-old wanted her attacker caught.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>She never imagined the evidence collected in what is known as a rape kit would sit untouched for years by the Los Angeles County Sheriff’s Department. And by the time she discovered the identity of her attacker, prosecutors couldn’t charge him with the rape because the statute of limitations had expired in California.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“I think about that 17-year-old girl, the 25-year-old girl, the 30-year-old woman – all the versions of myself who have suffered,” Lazaro says. “That suffering could have ended much sooner.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Victims’ rights groups estimate that hundreds of thousands of rape kits remain untested at police departments and crime lab storage facilities nationwide—thus far a partial inventory of California by the \u003ca href=\"http://www.endthebacklog.org/California\">End the Backlog Initiative\u003c/a> has identified some 9,000 untested kits. But the precise number remains a mystery because most states, including California, don’t inventory rape kits, and rape survivors sometimes struggle to get information about their own cases.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[audio src=\"http://www.kqed.org/.stream/anon/radio/tcr/2017/08/TCRAMc170802.mp3\" Image=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2017/08/RapeKitBacklog-1920x1209.jpg\" Title=\"Despite Backlog of Rape Kits, California's Not Requiring They Be Tested or Tallied\" program=\"The California Report\"]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Law enforcement might opt not to submit kits for DNA and other analysis for any number of reasons—the case may be solved or cleared without need for test results, or officers may regard it as a low priority. But another reason so many kits gather dust is financial: Processing costs an estimated $500 to $1,500 per kit, sometimes more.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Legislative efforts to count and clear the rape kit backlog, to track the kits and to mandate all new kits be tested have failed over the years in California, with the powerful law enforcement lobby citing the burden on local police budgets and labor. This year appears to be no different. Some legislation that would reform rape kit collection has been watered down. Other bills await approval from lawmakers charged with weeding through bills that carry a price tag, who often reject popular measures because of their cost.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The responsibility for submitting rape kits for testing largely falls to local police departments and county sheriff’s offices. But a growing number of states have gotten involved—reacting to public outcry and to evidence that testing rape kits puts serial rapists behind bars. In recent years, California has \u003ca href=\"http://www.leginfo.ca.gov/pub/13-14/bill/asm/ab_1501-1550/ab_1517_bill_20140930_chaptered.pdf\">“encouraged”\u003c/a> law enforcement to submit kits within a certain timeframe and legalized a victims’ bill of rights. But unlike many other states, California has stopped short of mandating testing or even paying to calculate the depth of the backlog.\u003c/p>\n\u003caside class=\"pullquote alignright\">‘When kits are untested, survivors do not get justice.’\u003ccite>Assemblyman David Chiu\u003c/cite>\u003c/aside>\n\u003cp>One legislator has even resorted to a novel approach to crime-solving: A bill that would ask California taxpayers to donate directly to the rape kit backlog fund when filing their state income tax returns.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“It takes significant resources and political will, getting leaders to engage in this problem and say it’s a priority and want to fix it,” said Ilse Knecht, director of policy and advocacy at the Joyful Heart Foundation, a national nonprofit that works on sexual assault.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Tracking these kits, Knecht argues, is one way the public can hold law enforcement accountable for failures to prioritize sexual assaults as violent crimes, blaming the victim or only testing rape kits if a stranger committed the assault. Those cultural, subjective circumstances are the reason she and other advocates believe every rape kit ought to be tested — to end the discretion, and some say discrimination, involved in rape kit testing.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“I think the injustice of this situation is obvious but bears some repeating,” Assemblyman David Chiu testified before a Senate committee in June. “When kits are untested, survivors do not get justice.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[RapeKitBacklog]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Chiu, D-San Francisco, authored \u003ca href=\"http://leginfo.legislature.ca.gov/faces/billNavClient.xhtml?bill_id=201720180AB41\">AB 41\u003c/a>, which would require local law enforcement agencies to log, not test, all future rape kits into a California Department of Justice database. It’s a small step toward the eventual goal of testing all rape kits, but even so, simply tracking new kits has garnered the opposition of the California State Sheriffs’ Association, which argues the reporting requirement would divert limited resources from critical services.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“If agencies report this information, there will be a database about who has untested kits and why they are untested,” said Cory Salzillo, legislative director of the sheriffs’ association. “That doesn’t necessarily translate into convictions.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Salzillo also challenges the premise that every rape kit should be tested, citing cases where a person who committed a rape admitted to it, both the victim and the perpetrator agree a sexual encounter took place, or if a victim has recanted. But it’s hard to know what percentage of untested kits stem from solved cases in California because law enforcement isn’t required to report the information.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Lazaro still doesn’t know why the Los Angeles County Sheriff’s Department didn’t submit her test for analysis or why her case remained unsolved for so long. She spent her final year of high school terrified of her unknown attacker, who had threatened to kill her and her family if she ever reported the attack. When authorities did send Lazaro’s evidence kit for testing in 2003—seven years later—they didn’t tell her they had found a match. Her case never moved forward.\u003c/p>\n\u003caside class=\"pullquote alignright\">‘I hate that I have to argue that it should be important enough to say ‘we need to prevent women from being raped.’ We track information about so many other crimes. Why is this an exception?’\u003ccite>Helena Lazaro\u003c/cite>\u003c/aside>\n\u003cp>She didn’t learn the name of that match until 2009, after the sheriff’s department responded to an inquiry from a local rape crisis agency. Lazaro said she was told that the results had never made it from the lab to the sheriff’s department, and received an apology. But by then, California’s 10-year statute of limitations on rape had expired. (Last year Gov. Jerry Brown signed legislation that removes the statute of limitations on new sex crimes.)\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Capt. Carlos Marquez from the Los Angeles County Sheriff’s Department declined to comment on the case, saying he was about to meet with Lazaro.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>At first, Lazaro was relieved when she finally learned that the man authorities had identified through testing as her rapist—a long-haul truck driver from Ohio—was in prison for sexually assaulting his wife. She was safe. She believed her case had just slipped through the cracks. But then she learned about the hundreds of thousands of women nationwide whose rape kits have never been tested.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“I hate that I have to argue that it should be important enough to say ‘we need to prevent women from being raped,’ ” Lazaro said. “We track information about so many other crimes. Why is this an exception?”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Lawmakers on the Senate Appropriations Committee have put Chiu’s bill on the suspense file, meaning it has a cost to the state and will be heard later this summer. Similar bills have died twice before in appropriations committees.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11608356\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 800px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-medium wp-image-11608356\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2017/08/DavidChiu-800x552.jpg\" alt=\"Assemblyman David Chiu authored AB 41, which would require local law enforcement agencies to log, not test, all future rape kits into a state database.\" width=\"800\" height=\"552\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2017/08/DavidChiu-800x552.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2017/08/DavidChiu-160x110.jpg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2017/08/DavidChiu-1020x703.jpg 1020w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2017/08/DavidChiu.jpg 1920w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2017/08/DavidChiu-1180x814.jpg 1180w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2017/08/DavidChiu-960x662.jpg 960w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2017/08/DavidChiu-240x166.jpg 240w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2017/08/DavidChiu-375x259.jpg 375w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2017/08/DavidChiu-520x359.jpg 520w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Assemblyman David Chiu authored AB 41, which would require local law enforcement agencies to log, not test, all future rape kits into a state database. \u003ccite>(Justin Sullivan/Getty Images)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>A recent Senate analysis concluded that Chiu’s rape kit reporting bill presents a “potentially significant workload cost of more than $100,000 a year to local law enforcement agencies statewide,” although that cost would likely be reimbursed by the state. Related legislation that would ban the destruction of a rape kit in an unsolved case for 20 years could cost the state $3 million for a new storage facility, along with $150,000 in ongoing costs. That bill, \u003ca href=\"https://leginfo.legislature.ca.gov/faces/billTextClient.xhtml?bill_id=201720180AB1312\">AB 1312\u003c/a> by Democratic Assemblywoman Lorena Gonzalez Fletcher of San Diego, initially contained a provision that would have mandated the submission and testing of all newly collected rape kits. But that was stripped from the bill because of its cost.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Funding shouldn’t even be a question,” said Harriet Salarno, chair of Crime Victims United Charitable Foundation, whose daughter was murdered and has been working with victims for the last 37 years. “Public safety is a constitutional right. Public safety is a priority. They are using funding as an excuse.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Critics say the cost of testing a rape kit is far outweighed by the cost of crimes prevented. In 2016, the Begun Center for Violence Prevention Research and Education at Case Western Reserve University in Ohio released a \u003ca href=\"http://begun.case.edu/wp-content/uploads/2016/06/Cost-Savings-and-Cost-Effectiveness-Brief.pdf\">study\u003c/a> that showed Cuyahoga County, Ohio, had saved $48.2 million by averting future sexual assaults after testing its 4,347 unsubmitted rape kits. A \u003ca href=\"https://www.bja.gov/funding/SAKI17.pdf\">report\u003c/a> by the U.S. Justice Department noted that Detroit alone had identified over 400 serial rapists through the testing of backlogged kits.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>A growing number of states have taken steps to address the backlog. Arkansas, Iowa, Louisiana and Minnesota now require law enforcement to inventory untested rape kits. Connecticut, Illinois, Ohio and Michigan require all rape kits be tested within certain time frames. California joins Kentucky, Oregon, Pennsylvania and Utah with laws that give survivors the right to know the status of their rape kit, according to the Joyful Heart Foundation, which runs a campaign called End The Backlog.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[contextly_sidebar id=”FNwbVnmcTUGQ65cjD0RXgvwxD3TCBWbz”]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Congress has also stepped in. Since 2015, federal lawmakers have approved $131 million for the Sexual Assault Kit Initiative, and federal agencies have awarded millions in other grant dollars to help law enforcement and crime labs with their backlogs. The California Department of Justice, Orange County, the Riverside Police Department, the Alameda County District Attorney’s Office and the Contra Costa County District Attorney’s Office, have all benefited from funding, according to the Department of Justice.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Still, lawmakers have been reluctant to mandate law enforcement test all future rape kits, eliminate the backlog of untested rape kits or even do a statewide count to determine the backlog that exists.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Democratic Assemblyman Evan Low, from the Silicon Valley city of Campbell, said that’s why he put forward \u003ca href=\"https://leginfo.legislature.ca.gov/faces/billTextClient.xhtml?bill_id=201720180AB280\">AB 280\u003c/a>—to find an alternative way to raise funds to eliminate the rape kit backlog. His bill would add a check-off box to personal income tax forms that allows taxpayers to donate directly to the Rape Kit Backlog Voluntary Tax Contribution Fund. If approved by lawmakers and signed into law, California taxpayers would have to donate at least $250,000 a year for the box to stay on the form.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The idea, however, hasn’t been well received among advocates for sexual assault victims, who commend Low’s intent but argue the funding should come from law enforcement budgets.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“This is the criminal justice system. Laws have been broken and you can’t prosecute without criminal evidence,” says Patti Giggans, executive director of Peace Over Violence, who worked with Los Angeles area public officials after Human Rights Watch in 2009 revealed more than 12,500 untested rape kits in the county.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“I don’t know of any other crime where you go to the public,” she added.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Low is the first to admit that his bill is “not the ideal nor perfect solution” to address the backlog. “I am in agreement that we as a state and public jurisdictions should adequately fund this for justice to be obtained,” Low says. “But, that’s not the reality.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Lazaro, whose attacker pleaded guilty to rape 15 years later, wants lawmakers to think about survivors like herself when these bills come before them. She is still traumatized by what happened to her at the car wash just four blocks from her home in Downey. And she wonders how her life might have been different had law enforcement immediately submitted her rape kit for testing.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“It changed my life,” Lazaro said. “And I’m just now starting to come to terms with how much of my life was stolen.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad floatright]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>Samantha Young is a contributor to \u003c/em>\u003ca href=\"http://calmatters.org\">\u003cem>CALmatters.org\u003c/em>\u003c/a>\u003cem>—a nonprofit, nonpartisan media venture explaining California policies and politics.\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\n",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>After a man held a knife to her throat, forced her into her car and repeatedly raped her, Helena Lazaro underwent a painful and humiliating medical forensic examination. The 17-year-old wanted her attacker caught.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>She never imagined the evidence collected in what is known as a rape kit would sit untouched for years by the Los Angeles County Sheriff’s Department. And by the time she discovered the identity of her attacker, prosecutors couldn’t charge him with the rape because the statute of limitations had expired in California.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“I think about that 17-year-old girl, the 25-year-old girl, the 30-year-old woman – all the versions of myself who have suffered,” Lazaro says. “That suffering could have ended much sooner.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Victims’ rights groups estimate that hundreds of thousands of rape kits remain untested at police departments and crime lab storage facilities nationwide—thus far a partial inventory of California by the \u003ca href=\"http://www.endthebacklog.org/California\">End the Backlog Initiative\u003c/a> has identified some 9,000 untested kits. But the precise number remains a mystery because most states, including California, don’t inventory rape kits, and rape survivors sometimes struggle to get information about their own cases.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Law enforcement might opt not to submit kits for DNA and other analysis for any number of reasons—the case may be solved or cleared without need for test results, or officers may regard it as a low priority. But another reason so many kits gather dust is financial: Processing costs an estimated $500 to $1,500 per kit, sometimes more.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Legislative efforts to count and clear the rape kit backlog, to track the kits and to mandate all new kits be tested have failed over the years in California, with the powerful law enforcement lobby citing the burden on local police budgets and labor. This year appears to be no different. Some legislation that would reform rape kit collection has been watered down. Other bills await approval from lawmakers charged with weeding through bills that carry a price tag, who often reject popular measures because of their cost.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The responsibility for submitting rape kits for testing largely falls to local police departments and county sheriff’s offices. But a growing number of states have gotten involved—reacting to public outcry and to evidence that testing rape kits puts serial rapists behind bars. In recent years, California has \u003ca href=\"http://www.leginfo.ca.gov/pub/13-14/bill/asm/ab_1501-1550/ab_1517_bill_20140930_chaptered.pdf\">“encouraged”\u003c/a> law enforcement to submit kits within a certain timeframe and legalized a victims’ bill of rights. But unlike many other states, California has stopped short of mandating testing or even paying to calculate the depth of the backlog.\u003c/p>\n\u003caside class=\"pullquote alignright\">‘When kits are untested, survivors do not get justice.’\u003ccite>Assemblyman David Chiu\u003c/cite>\u003c/aside>\n\u003cp>One legislator has even resorted to a novel approach to crime-solving: A bill that would ask California taxpayers to donate directly to the rape kit backlog fund when filing their state income tax returns.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“It takes significant resources and political will, getting leaders to engage in this problem and say it’s a priority and want to fix it,” said Ilse Knecht, director of policy and advocacy at the Joyful Heart Foundation, a national nonprofit that works on sexual assault.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Tracking these kits, Knecht argues, is one way the public can hold law enforcement accountable for failures to prioritize sexual assaults as violent crimes, blaming the victim or only testing rape kits if a stranger committed the assault. Those cultural, subjective circumstances are the reason she and other advocates believe every rape kit ought to be tested — to end the discretion, and some say discrimination, involved in rape kit testing.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“I think the injustice of this situation is obvious but bears some repeating,” Assemblyman David Chiu testified before a Senate committee in June. “When kits are untested, survivors do not get justice.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[RapeKitBacklog]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Chiu, D-San Francisco, authored \u003ca href=\"http://leginfo.legislature.ca.gov/faces/billNavClient.xhtml?bill_id=201720180AB41\">AB 41\u003c/a>, which would require local law enforcement agencies to log, not test, all future rape kits into a California Department of Justice database. It’s a small step toward the eventual goal of testing all rape kits, but even so, simply tracking new kits has garnered the opposition of the California State Sheriffs’ Association, which argues the reporting requirement would divert limited resources from critical services.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“If agencies report this information, there will be a database about who has untested kits and why they are untested,” said Cory Salzillo, legislative director of the sheriffs’ association. “That doesn’t necessarily translate into convictions.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Salzillo also challenges the premise that every rape kit should be tested, citing cases where a person who committed a rape admitted to it, both the victim and the perpetrator agree a sexual encounter took place, or if a victim has recanted. But it’s hard to know what percentage of untested kits stem from solved cases in California because law enforcement isn’t required to report the information.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Lazaro still doesn’t know why the Los Angeles County Sheriff’s Department didn’t submit her test for analysis or why her case remained unsolved for so long. She spent her final year of high school terrified of her unknown attacker, who had threatened to kill her and her family if she ever reported the attack. When authorities did send Lazaro’s evidence kit for testing in 2003—seven years later—they didn’t tell her they had found a match. Her case never moved forward.\u003c/p>\n\u003caside class=\"pullquote alignright\">‘I hate that I have to argue that it should be important enough to say ‘we need to prevent women from being raped.’ We track information about so many other crimes. Why is this an exception?’\u003ccite>Helena Lazaro\u003c/cite>\u003c/aside>\n\u003cp>She didn’t learn the name of that match until 2009, after the sheriff’s department responded to an inquiry from a local rape crisis agency. Lazaro said she was told that the results had never made it from the lab to the sheriff’s department, and received an apology. But by then, California’s 10-year statute of limitations on rape had expired. (Last year Gov. Jerry Brown signed legislation that removes the statute of limitations on new sex crimes.)\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Capt. Carlos Marquez from the Los Angeles County Sheriff’s Department declined to comment on the case, saying he was about to meet with Lazaro.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>At first, Lazaro was relieved when she finally learned that the man authorities had identified through testing as her rapist—a long-haul truck driver from Ohio—was in prison for sexually assaulting his wife. She was safe. She believed her case had just slipped through the cracks. But then she learned about the hundreds of thousands of women nationwide whose rape kits have never been tested.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“I hate that I have to argue that it should be important enough to say ‘we need to prevent women from being raped,’ ” Lazaro said. “We track information about so many other crimes. Why is this an exception?”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Lawmakers on the Senate Appropriations Committee have put Chiu’s bill on the suspense file, meaning it has a cost to the state and will be heard later this summer. Similar bills have died twice before in appropriations committees.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11608356\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 800px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-medium wp-image-11608356\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2017/08/DavidChiu-800x552.jpg\" alt=\"Assemblyman David Chiu authored AB 41, which would require local law enforcement agencies to log, not test, all future rape kits into a state database.\" width=\"800\" height=\"552\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2017/08/DavidChiu-800x552.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2017/08/DavidChiu-160x110.jpg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2017/08/DavidChiu-1020x703.jpg 1020w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2017/08/DavidChiu.jpg 1920w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2017/08/DavidChiu-1180x814.jpg 1180w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2017/08/DavidChiu-960x662.jpg 960w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2017/08/DavidChiu-240x166.jpg 240w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2017/08/DavidChiu-375x259.jpg 375w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2017/08/DavidChiu-520x359.jpg 520w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Assemblyman David Chiu authored AB 41, which would require local law enforcement agencies to log, not test, all future rape kits into a state database. \u003ccite>(Justin Sullivan/Getty Images)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>A recent Senate analysis concluded that Chiu’s rape kit reporting bill presents a “potentially significant workload cost of more than $100,000 a year to local law enforcement agencies statewide,” although that cost would likely be reimbursed by the state. Related legislation that would ban the destruction of a rape kit in an unsolved case for 20 years could cost the state $3 million for a new storage facility, along with $150,000 in ongoing costs. That bill, \u003ca href=\"https://leginfo.legislature.ca.gov/faces/billTextClient.xhtml?bill_id=201720180AB1312\">AB 1312\u003c/a> by Democratic Assemblywoman Lorena Gonzalez Fletcher of San Diego, initially contained a provision that would have mandated the submission and testing of all newly collected rape kits. But that was stripped from the bill because of its cost.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Funding shouldn’t even be a question,” said Harriet Salarno, chair of Crime Victims United Charitable Foundation, whose daughter was murdered and has been working with victims for the last 37 years. “Public safety is a constitutional right. Public safety is a priority. They are using funding as an excuse.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Critics say the cost of testing a rape kit is far outweighed by the cost of crimes prevented. In 2016, the Begun Center for Violence Prevention Research and Education at Case Western Reserve University in Ohio released a \u003ca href=\"http://begun.case.edu/wp-content/uploads/2016/06/Cost-Savings-and-Cost-Effectiveness-Brief.pdf\">study\u003c/a> that showed Cuyahoga County, Ohio, had saved $48.2 million by averting future sexual assaults after testing its 4,347 unsubmitted rape kits. A \u003ca href=\"https://www.bja.gov/funding/SAKI17.pdf\">report\u003c/a> by the U.S. Justice Department noted that Detroit alone had identified over 400 serial rapists through the testing of backlogged kits.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>A growing number of states have taken steps to address the backlog. Arkansas, Iowa, Louisiana and Minnesota now require law enforcement to inventory untested rape kits. Connecticut, Illinois, Ohio and Michigan require all rape kits be tested within certain time frames. California joins Kentucky, Oregon, Pennsylvania and Utah with laws that give survivors the right to know the status of their rape kit, according to the Joyful Heart Foundation, which runs a campaign called End The Backlog.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Congress has also stepped in. Since 2015, federal lawmakers have approved $131 million for the Sexual Assault Kit Initiative, and federal agencies have awarded millions in other grant dollars to help law enforcement and crime labs with their backlogs. The California Department of Justice, Orange County, the Riverside Police Department, the Alameda County District Attorney’s Office and the Contra Costa County District Attorney’s Office, have all benefited from funding, according to the Department of Justice.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Still, lawmakers have been reluctant to mandate law enforcement test all future rape kits, eliminate the backlog of untested rape kits or even do a statewide count to determine the backlog that exists.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Democratic Assemblyman Evan Low, from the Silicon Valley city of Campbell, said that’s why he put forward \u003ca href=\"https://leginfo.legislature.ca.gov/faces/billTextClient.xhtml?bill_id=201720180AB280\">AB 280\u003c/a>—to find an alternative way to raise funds to eliminate the rape kit backlog. His bill would add a check-off box to personal income tax forms that allows taxpayers to donate directly to the Rape Kit Backlog Voluntary Tax Contribution Fund. If approved by lawmakers and signed into law, California taxpayers would have to donate at least $250,000 a year for the box to stay on the form.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The idea, however, hasn’t been well received among advocates for sexual assault victims, who commend Low’s intent but argue the funding should come from law enforcement budgets.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“This is the criminal justice system. Laws have been broken and you can’t prosecute without criminal evidence,” says Patti Giggans, executive director of Peace Over Violence, who worked with Los Angeles area public officials after Human Rights Watch in 2009 revealed more than 12,500 untested rape kits in the county.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“I don’t know of any other crime where you go to the public,” she added.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Low is the first to admit that his bill is “not the ideal nor perfect solution” to address the backlog. “I am in agreement that we as a state and public jurisdictions should adequately fund this for justice to be obtained,” Low says. “But, that’s not the reality.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Lazaro, whose attacker pleaded guilty to rape 15 years later, wants lawmakers to think about survivors like herself when these bills come before them. She is still traumatized by what happened to her at the car wash just four blocks from her home in Downey. And she wonders how her life might have been different had law enforcement immediately submitted her rape kit for testing.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“It changed my life,” Lazaro said. “And I’m just now starting to come to terms with how much of my life was stolen.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>Samantha Young is a contributor to \u003c/em>\u003ca href=\"http://calmatters.org\">\u003cem>CALmatters.org\u003c/em>\u003c/a>\u003cem>—a nonprofit, nonpartisan media venture explaining California policies and politics.\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>",
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"title": "NTSB: Air Canada Jet Came Much Closer to Landing on Other Planes at SFO Than Thought",
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"content": "\u003cp>Federal investigators say an Air Canada jet coming in for a landing in San Francisco in July came a lot closer than previously thought to hitting four other planes on a taxiway, in what aviation safety experts say could have been a horrible disaster.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The National Transportation Safety Board says Air Canada flight No. 759 was just 59 feet above the ground at its lowest point, flying over a United Airlines jetliner waiting to take off, before the Air Canada plane pulled up, circled around and then landed safely.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Investigators say both pilots on the Air Canada plane thought they were lined up to land on runway 28-Right at San Francisco International Airport on the night of July 7, and runway lights they saw to the left were from runway 28-Left. But 28L was closed and dark, its approach and runway lights turned off, except for a large, 20-foot wide, lighted flashing “X” placed at the threshold; and the normal runway lights they said they saw to their left were actually from runway 28R.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>So even though they were cleared to land on 28R, the plane wasn’t lined up to land on it at all.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Where’s this guy going?” exclaims another pilot on the ground in a radio call to the air traffic control tower. “He’s on the taxiway!”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>An air traffic controller tells the pilot of Air Canada 759 to go around and the pilot agrees to do so, when a United Airlines pilot chimes in, “United 1. Air Canada flew directly over us.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The controller responds, “Yeah, I saw that, guys.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The United Airlines plane, a Boeing 787, was the first plane waiting to take off after Air Canada’s landing, and the new NTSB report indicates the Air Canada plane, an Airbus A320, may have come within just a few dozen feet of colliding with the United jet.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The Boeing 787 is 55 feet tall at its highest point, the top of its vertical stabilizer. At its lowest point, Air Canada was 59 feet above the ground, though it gained some altitude before flying directly over the United 787.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>According to Wednesday’s NTSB investigative update, “Both pilots said, in post-incident interviews, they believed the lighted runway on their left was 28L and that they were lined up for 28R. They also stated that they did not recall seeing aircraft on taxiway C but that something did not look right to them.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Investigators have not yet determined why the pilots mistook the taxiway for the runway, but the report indicates the taxiway was lighted normally, with blue lights to distinguish it from white runway lights.\u003c/p>\n\n",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>Federal investigators say an Air Canada jet coming in for a landing in San Francisco in July came a lot closer than previously thought to hitting four other planes on a taxiway, in what aviation safety experts say could have been a horrible disaster.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The National Transportation Safety Board says Air Canada flight No. 759 was just 59 feet above the ground at its lowest point, flying over a United Airlines jetliner waiting to take off, before the Air Canada plane pulled up, circled around and then landed safely.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Investigators say both pilots on the Air Canada plane thought they were lined up to land on runway 28-Right at San Francisco International Airport on the night of July 7, and runway lights they saw to the left were from runway 28-Left. But 28L was closed and dark, its approach and runway lights turned off, except for a large, 20-foot wide, lighted flashing “X” placed at the threshold; and the normal runway lights they said they saw to their left were actually from runway 28R.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>So even though they were cleared to land on 28R, the plane wasn’t lined up to land on it at all.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Where’s this guy going?” exclaims another pilot on the ground in a radio call to the air traffic control tower. “He’s on the taxiway!”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>An air traffic controller tells the pilot of Air Canada 759 to go around and the pilot agrees to do so, when a United Airlines pilot chimes in, “United 1. Air Canada flew directly over us.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The controller responds, “Yeah, I saw that, guys.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The United Airlines plane, a Boeing 787, was the first plane waiting to take off after Air Canada’s landing, and the new NTSB report indicates the Air Canada plane, an Airbus A320, may have come within just a few dozen feet of colliding with the United jet.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The Boeing 787 is 55 feet tall at its highest point, the top of its vertical stabilizer. At its lowest point, Air Canada was 59 feet above the ground, though it gained some altitude before flying directly over the United 787.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>According to Wednesday’s NTSB investigative update, “Both pilots said, in post-incident interviews, they believed the lighted runway on their left was 28L and that they were lined up for 28R. They also stated that they did not recall seeing aircraft on taxiway C but that something did not look right to them.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Investigators have not yet determined why the pilots mistook the taxiway for the runway, but the report indicates the taxiway was lighted normally, with blue lights to distinguish it from white runway lights.\u003c/p>\n\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>",
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"disqusTitle": "Who Snatched My Car? Wells Fargo Did",
"title": "Who Snatched My Car? Wells Fargo Did",
"headTitle": "The California Report | KQED News",
"content": "\u003cp>Wells Fargo is back in the spotlight for another scandal. This time, for signing up 490,000 auto-loan customers for insurance they didn't need.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>This comes less than a year after the bank generated a massive public outcry for opening millions of \u003ca href=\"http://www.npr.org/2017/07/10/536467874/wells-fargo-to-pay-142-million-to-customers-hurt-by-bogus-accounts\">unwanted accounts\u003c/a> for customers.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Customers who already had car insurance say they had no idea they were being charged for this insurance from Wells Fargo. And the bank acknowledges that tens of thousands of people wound up in default, which affected people's credit scores, and thousands had their cars repossessed.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>One of them was Michael Feifer.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>One morning in February, he was heading off to his job in Maryland at a company that builds guitars. He walked to the spot where he'd parked his car, but it wasn't there.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"I called the police,\" he says. \"I was livid. I thought somebody stole my car.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Somebody had improperly made off with Feifer's car. But it wasn't a car thief. It was Wells Fargo bank. The police informed him of this when he called them. \"That's when I found out it was repossessed,\" he says.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Feifer says he had no idea why the bank would repo his car. He says his payments were automatically taken out of his checking account.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"I've never missed a payment,\" he says. \"My insurance was current.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c!-- iframe plugin v.4.3 wordpress.org/plugins/iframe/ -->\u003cbr>\n\u003ciframe src=\"https://www.npr.org/player/embed/541182948/541197575\" width=\"100%\" height=\"290\" frameborder=\"0\" scrolling=\"no\" title=\"NPR embedded audio player\" class=\"iframe-class\">\u003c/iframe>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>So he called Wells Fargo and found out the bank had put another insurance policy on his car. Lenders do this when a borrower doesn't have insurance. Wells Fargo calls it collateral protection insurance, or CPI.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>And there's nothing wrong with that, but Wells Fargo imposed this insurance on nearly a half-million people who already had insurance. The bank outlined the scope of the problems and its efforts to resolve them \u003ca href=\"https://newsroom.wf.com/press-release/consumer-lending/wells-fargo-announces-plan-remediate-customers-auto-insurance\">in a statement\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Right after Feifer's car got repo'd, Wells Fargo told him he was marked as delinquent for not paying this insurance — which he didn't want or need or even know about. \"They said, 'Well, you owe $1,500,' \" he says.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Wells Fargo is among NPR's financial supporters.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Wells Fargo has been trying to repair its image in the wake of a massive consumer banking scandal. Part of that effort has been to improve the way the bank works with customers when they run into problems or have complaints. Feifer's story suggests the bank still has a ways to go on that front.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[contextly_sidebar id=\"uP21GXOYnVNMbFXpXAsr7NRTNbc9eDvZ\"]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"I showed up at that bank with my bank statements showing all the payments I made for my vehicle and my proof of insurance showing that I've never had a lapse in my insurance,\" he says. \"The people at the bank were like, 'Well, you shouldn't owe anything because it's not your fault.' They were just as confused as I was.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Feifer says the branch employees were trying to be helpful. They called up the Wells Fargo department for him that deals with car repossessions to find out what was going on. They kept getting put on hold.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"We were probably on hold for a total of 2½ hours while I was in there,\" Feifer says. \"I literally spent the whole day\" at the branch. He says the employees were getting frustrated, too. \"They're like, 'This is ridiculous. You shouldn't be on hold for this long.' \"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>What Feifer didn't know was that Wells Fargo had already been doing an internal investigation into complaints from lots of customers for the same insurance mix-up.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Feifer was eventually told to call back several days later. Then he was told there was no record of his prior calls from the branch. He said the person he spoke to on the phone wouldn't let him talk to a supervisor. \"She was rude to me, talking over me. I felt like she wasn't willing to hear anything I had to say,\" Feifer says. He says the Wells Fargo representative just kept telling him he had to pay the money.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[contextly_sidebar id=\"MODxKyPoGaKNEetxMlO99Uj0fXPxmGiG\"]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Meanwhile, Feifer was told that the clock was ticking and his car would be auctioned off two weeks from the day it was repossessed. So, after much haggling with the bank, he paid about $600 to get his car back.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Feifer said he figured this was just some freak mistake. But when he heard this insurance issue affected hundreds of thousands of customers, \"I was blown away,\" he says. \"I wasn't alone in it and I felt like they're preying on everybody, taking people's money. I felt like they're crooks.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Wells Fargo says this was not a case of trying to improperly profit at customers' expense, but rather just an embarrassing breakdown in processes and internal controls.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"We take full responsibility for our failure to appropriately manage the CPI program and are extremely sorry for any harm this caused our customers, who expect and deserve better from us,\" Franklin Codel, head of Wells Fargo Consumer Lending, said in a statement. \"Upon our discovery, we acted swiftly to discontinue the program and immediately develop a plan to make impacted customers whole.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[contextly_sidebar id=\"RZ2Vu2VV8PHzku9ab0JRwMNCOmB6UZSx\"]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Consumer advocates, though, say this latest debacle shows that the bank still has serious and systemic problems.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"What we are seeing here is a colossal failure of management on behalf of Wells Fargo,\" says Ira Rheingold, executive director of the National Association of Consumer Advocates.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>He says that once again vast numbers of customers are getting products they don't want pushed on them without their knowledge. And on top of that, he says, when customers complained, it took too long for Wells Fargo management to figure out the problem and fix it. \"They are not investing the necessary resources for consumers who have problems to service those customers who they talk about in glowing terms,\" Rheingold says.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Going forward, Wells Fargo is setting aside about $80 million for remediation and says customers will start getting letters and refund checks later this month. Class-action lawsuits are being filed on behalf of customers. The bank has no comment on those.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad floatright]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But a spokesperson says Wells Fargo is very sorry for Feifer's experience and that he will be part of the remediation effort.\u003c/p>\n\u003cdiv class=\"fullattribution\">Copyright 2017 NPR. To see more, visit http://www.npr.org/.\u003cimg src=\"https://www.google-analytics.com/__utm.gif?utmac=UA-5828686-4&utmdt=Who+Snatched+My+Car%3F+Wells+Fargo+Did&utme=8(APIKey)9(MDAxOTAwOTE4MDEyMTkxMDAzNjczZDljZA004)\">\u003c/div>\n\n",
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"excerpt": "Wells Fargo is facing another scandal. This time, the bank acknowledges it signed up nearly 500,000 auto-loan customers for insurance they didn't need. Thousands had their cars repossessed.",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>Wells Fargo is back in the spotlight for another scandal. This time, for signing up 490,000 auto-loan customers for insurance they didn't need.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>This comes less than a year after the bank generated a massive public outcry for opening millions of \u003ca href=\"http://www.npr.org/2017/07/10/536467874/wells-fargo-to-pay-142-million-to-customers-hurt-by-bogus-accounts\">unwanted accounts\u003c/a> for customers.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Customers who already had car insurance say they had no idea they were being charged for this insurance from Wells Fargo. And the bank acknowledges that tens of thousands of people wound up in default, which affected people's credit scores, and thousands had their cars repossessed.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>One of them was Michael Feifer.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>One morning in February, he was heading off to his job in Maryland at a company that builds guitars. He walked to the spot where he'd parked his car, but it wasn't there.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"I called the police,\" he says. \"I was livid. I thought somebody stole my car.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Somebody had improperly made off with Feifer's car. But it wasn't a car thief. It was Wells Fargo bank. The police informed him of this when he called them. \"That's when I found out it was repossessed,\" he says.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Feifer says he had no idea why the bank would repo his car. He says his payments were automatically taken out of his checking account.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"I've never missed a payment,\" he says. \"My insurance was current.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c!-- iframe plugin v.4.3 wordpress.org/plugins/iframe/ -->\u003cbr>\n\u003ciframe src=\"https://www.npr.org/player/embed/541182948/541197575\" width=\"100%\" height=\"290\" frameborder=\"0\" scrolling=\"no\" title=\"NPR embedded audio player\" class=\"iframe-class\">\u003c/iframe>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>So he called Wells Fargo and found out the bank had put another insurance policy on his car. Lenders do this when a borrower doesn't have insurance. Wells Fargo calls it collateral protection insurance, or CPI.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>And there's nothing wrong with that, but Wells Fargo imposed this insurance on nearly a half-million people who already had insurance. The bank outlined the scope of the problems and its efforts to resolve them \u003ca href=\"https://newsroom.wf.com/press-release/consumer-lending/wells-fargo-announces-plan-remediate-customers-auto-insurance\">in a statement\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Right after Feifer's car got repo'd, Wells Fargo told him he was marked as delinquent for not paying this insurance — which he didn't want or need or even know about. \"They said, 'Well, you owe $1,500,' \" he says.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Wells Fargo is among NPR's financial supporters.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Wells Fargo has been trying to repair its image in the wake of a massive consumer banking scandal. Part of that effort has been to improve the way the bank works with customers when they run into problems or have complaints. Feifer's story suggests the bank still has a ways to go on that front.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"I showed up at that bank with my bank statements showing all the payments I made for my vehicle and my proof of insurance showing that I've never had a lapse in my insurance,\" he says. \"The people at the bank were like, 'Well, you shouldn't owe anything because it's not your fault.' They were just as confused as I was.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Feifer says the branch employees were trying to be helpful. They called up the Wells Fargo department for him that deals with car repossessions to find out what was going on. They kept getting put on hold.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"We were probably on hold for a total of 2½ hours while I was in there,\" Feifer says. \"I literally spent the whole day\" at the branch. He says the employees were getting frustrated, too. \"They're like, 'This is ridiculous. You shouldn't be on hold for this long.' \"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>What Feifer didn't know was that Wells Fargo had already been doing an internal investigation into complaints from lots of customers for the same insurance mix-up.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Feifer was eventually told to call back several days later. Then he was told there was no record of his prior calls from the branch. He said the person he spoke to on the phone wouldn't let him talk to a supervisor. \"She was rude to me, talking over me. I felt like she wasn't willing to hear anything I had to say,\" Feifer says. He says the Wells Fargo representative just kept telling him he had to pay the money.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Meanwhile, Feifer was told that the clock was ticking and his car would be auctioned off two weeks from the day it was repossessed. So, after much haggling with the bank, he paid about $600 to get his car back.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Feifer said he figured this was just some freak mistake. But when he heard this insurance issue affected hundreds of thousands of customers, \"I was blown away,\" he says. \"I wasn't alone in it and I felt like they're preying on everybody, taking people's money. I felt like they're crooks.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Wells Fargo says this was not a case of trying to improperly profit at customers' expense, but rather just an embarrassing breakdown in processes and internal controls.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"We take full responsibility for our failure to appropriately manage the CPI program and are extremely sorry for any harm this caused our customers, who expect and deserve better from us,\" Franklin Codel, head of Wells Fargo Consumer Lending, said in a statement. \"Upon our discovery, we acted swiftly to discontinue the program and immediately develop a plan to make impacted customers whole.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Consumer advocates, though, say this latest debacle shows that the bank still has serious and systemic problems.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"What we are seeing here is a colossal failure of management on behalf of Wells Fargo,\" says Ira Rheingold, executive director of the National Association of Consumer Advocates.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>He says that once again vast numbers of customers are getting products they don't want pushed on them without their knowledge. And on top of that, he says, when customers complained, it took too long for Wells Fargo management to figure out the problem and fix it. \"They are not investing the necessary resources for consumers who have problems to service those customers who they talk about in glowing terms,\" Rheingold says.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Going forward, Wells Fargo is setting aside about $80 million for remediation and says customers will start getting letters and refund checks later this month. Class-action lawsuits are being filed on behalf of customers. The bank has no comment on those.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But a spokesperson says Wells Fargo is very sorry for Feifer's experience and that he will be part of the remediation effort.\u003c/p>\n\u003cdiv class=\"fullattribution\">Copyright 2017 NPR. To see more, visit http://www.npr.org/.\u003cimg src=\"https://www.google-analytics.com/__utm.gif?utmac=UA-5828686-4&utmdt=Who+Snatched+My+Car%3F+Wells+Fargo+Did&utme=8(APIKey)9(MDAxOTAwOTE4MDEyMTkxMDAzNjczZDljZA004)\">\u003c/div>\n\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>",
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"title": "Ghost Ship Victims Live On in 'Requiem Without Words'",
"headTitle": "Ghost Ship Victims Live On in ‘Requiem Without Words’ | KQED",
"content": "\u003cp>Last December’s Ghost Ship warehouse fire covered the Bay Area with \u003ca href=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/arts/2016/12/04/it-could-have-been-any-one-of-us/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">grief\u003c/a>. But the fierce unity that grew in its wake forged a sense of community, and inspired composer and Pittsburg resident Arturo Rodriguez to create a requiem mass to honor the 36 victims who died in the blaze and reflect on the resilience of Oakland’s creative life. “I thought of it more as a noble statement to them than a sad one,” Rodriguez says.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>A section of Rodriguez’s new \u003cem>Requiem Sinfonica (Requiem Without Words)\u003c/em> premiered at \u003ca href=\"http://www.awesomeorchestra.org/mission/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">Awesome Orchestra Collective\u003c/a>’s open session outside the Oakland Public Library Tuesday evening. While traditional requiems — masses for the dead — are usually composed with giant choirs, Rodriguez says the voiceless, instrument-only tribute serves as a poignant reminder of the lives lost seven months ago.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[audio src=\"http://www.kqed.org/.stream/anon/radio/tcr/2017/08/00127963.mp3\" title=\"Ghost Ship Victims Live On in 'Requiem Without Words'\" program=\"The California Report\" image=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/arts/wp-content/uploads/sites/2/2017/08/awesomedavid-1920x1152.jpg\"]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“These people’s voices aren’t going to be heard again,” Rodriguez, 31, says. “I wanted the piece to be an emotional connection to the music rather than the words.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The composition, which has been in production since mid-January, came to fruition with the help of the Awesöme Orchestra collective, in which Rodriguez plays the flute. The collective’s various connections to victims and survivors of the Ghost Ship fire and its own inception in a West Oakland warehouse makes the collaboration all the more poignant.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>https://youtu.be/-LXlttwHgKc\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“These people are part of our extended musical family,” says Awesome Orchestra’s founding director and conductor David Möschler. “We owe it to them to continue to perform and hold up the ideals of the warehouse community.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The piece brought up different emotions in the people who gathered outside Oakland Public Library to listen.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“You can’t help but remember the fact that folks in the Ghost Ship that night were there for community and music and making art,” says San Francisco artist Isaac Amala, who lost a friend to the Ghost Ship fire. “Feeling and hearing the spirit of community and musicians coming together was really beautiful.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>For designer and Oakland resident Alyssa Young, who also lost friends in the fire, the music brought up painful memories.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_13794214\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 768px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-full wp-image-13794214\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/arts/wp-content/uploads/sites/2/2017/08/feature.jpg\" alt=\"David Moschler conducts the orchestra during an open session at Oakland Public Library on Tuesday, Aug. 1.\" width=\"768\" height=\"461\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/2/2017/08/feature.jpg 768w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/2/2017/08/feature-160x96.jpg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/2/2017/08/feature-240x144.jpg 240w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/2/2017/08/feature-375x225.jpg 375w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/2/2017/08/feature-520x312.jpg 520w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 768px) 100vw, 768px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">David Möschler conducts the orchestra during an open session at Oakland Public Library on Tuesday, Aug. 1. \u003ccite>(Photo: Creo Noveno/KQED)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>“I certainly had a lot of mental images of the walls burning, especially of the very rickety staircase falling, which was what trapped a lot of people up on the second floor,” Young says. “I guess it’s a little bit of self-torture in a way, like discomfort.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Young believes that Rodriguez’s piece can also serve as an impetus for renewed support for \u003ca href=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/arts/2017/01/18/artists-and-makers-lose-another-east-bay-warehouse-space/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">vulnerable communities\u003c/a> living and working in spaces like the Ghost Ship.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“There’s obviously people who are still hurting, now that the general public interest has died down,” Young says. “I think now is the time to really be making inquiries — now’s really the time to offer the support.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[audio src=\"http://www.kqed.org/.stream/anon/radio/RDnews/2017/08/GhostShipRequiem1.mp3\" title=\"Requiem Sinfonica (Requiem Without Words)\" program=\"The California Report\" image=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/arts/wp-content/uploads/sites/2/2017/08/feature.jpg\"]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The audience heard only the opening movement from the work on Tuesday night; Rodriguez and Möschler are planning a full performance at the end of the year. But Rodriguez hopes the preview reminds audiences of the sense of togetherness found in the wake of the Ghost Ship fire.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“In musical terms the piece starts out in a really sad key — E minor — and it ends in E minor, but it has this motion in it of determination,” he says. “Ultimately I want people to be brought together by this music.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_13794216\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 768px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-full wp-image-13794216\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/arts/wp-content/uploads/sites/2/2017/08/audience.jpg\" alt=\"An audience member looks on as the Awesome Orchestra performs on Tuesday, Aug. 1 at the Oakland Public Library.\" width=\"768\" height=\"461\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/2/2017/08/audience.jpg 768w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/2/2017/08/audience-160x96.jpg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/2/2017/08/audience-240x144.jpg 240w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/2/2017/08/audience-375x225.jpg 375w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/2/2017/08/audience-520x312.jpg 520w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 768px) 100vw, 768px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">An audience member looks on as the Awesöme Orchestra performs on Tuesday, Aug. 1 at the Oakland Public Library. \u003ccite>(Photo: Creo Noveno/KQED)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"aligncenter size-medium wp-image-12127869\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/arts/wp-content/uploads/sites/2/2016/09/Q.Logo_.Break_-800x78.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"800\" height=\"78\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/2/2016/09/Q.Logo_.Break_.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/2/2016/09/Q.Logo_.Break_-400x39.jpg 400w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/2/2016/09/Q.Logo_.Break_-768x75.jpg 768w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\">\u003c/p>\n\n",
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"excerpt": "A new requiem mass by composer Arturo Rodriguez honoring victims of the Oakland Warehouse fire received its first public airing in Oakland Tuesday night.",
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"description": "A new requiem mass by composer Arturo Rodriguez honoring victims of the Oakland Warehouse fire received its first public airing in Oakland Tuesday night.",
"title": "Ghost Ship Victims Live On in 'Requiem Without Words' | KQED",
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"headline": "Ghost Ship Victims Live On in 'Requiem Without Words'",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>Last December’s Ghost Ship warehouse fire covered the Bay Area with \u003ca href=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/arts/2016/12/04/it-could-have-been-any-one-of-us/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">grief\u003c/a>. But the fierce unity that grew in its wake forged a sense of community, and inspired composer and Pittsburg resident Arturo Rodriguez to create a requiem mass to honor the 36 victims who died in the blaze and reflect on the resilience of Oakland’s creative life. “I thought of it more as a noble statement to them than a sad one,” Rodriguez says.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>A section of Rodriguez’s new \u003cem>Requiem Sinfonica (Requiem Without Words)\u003c/em> premiered at \u003ca href=\"http://www.awesomeorchestra.org/mission/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">Awesome Orchestra Collective\u003c/a>’s open session outside the Oakland Public Library Tuesday evening. While traditional requiems — masses for the dead — are usually composed with giant choirs, Rodriguez says the voiceless, instrument-only tribute serves as a poignant reminder of the lives lost seven months ago.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“These people’s voices aren’t going to be heard again,” Rodriguez, 31, says. “I wanted the piece to be an emotional connection to the music rather than the words.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The composition, which has been in production since mid-January, came to fruition with the help of the Awesöme Orchestra collective, in which Rodriguez plays the flute. The collective’s various connections to victims and survivors of the Ghost Ship fire and its own inception in a West Oakland warehouse makes the collaboration all the more poignant.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003cspan class='utils-parseShortcode-shortcodes-__youtubeShortcode__embedYoutube'>\n \u003cspan class='utils-parseShortcode-shortcodes-__youtubeShortcode__embedYoutubeInside'>\n \u003ciframe\n loading='lazy'\n class='utils-parseShortcode-shortcodes-__youtubeShortcode__youtubePlayer'\n type='text/html'\n src='//www.youtube.com/embed/-LXlttwHgKc'\n title='//www.youtube.com/embed/-LXlttwHgKc'\n allowfullscreen='true'\n style='border:0;'>\u003c/iframe>\n \u003c/span>\n \u003c/span>\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003cp>“These people are part of our extended musical family,” says Awesome Orchestra’s founding director and conductor David Möschler. “We owe it to them to continue to perform and hold up the ideals of the warehouse community.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The piece brought up different emotions in the people who gathered outside Oakland Public Library to listen.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“You can’t help but remember the fact that folks in the Ghost Ship that night were there for community and music and making art,” says San Francisco artist Isaac Amala, who lost a friend to the Ghost Ship fire. “Feeling and hearing the spirit of community and musicians coming together was really beautiful.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>For designer and Oakland resident Alyssa Young, who also lost friends in the fire, the music brought up painful memories.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_13794214\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 768px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-full wp-image-13794214\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/arts/wp-content/uploads/sites/2/2017/08/feature.jpg\" alt=\"David Moschler conducts the orchestra during an open session at Oakland Public Library on Tuesday, Aug. 1.\" width=\"768\" height=\"461\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/2/2017/08/feature.jpg 768w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/2/2017/08/feature-160x96.jpg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/2/2017/08/feature-240x144.jpg 240w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/2/2017/08/feature-375x225.jpg 375w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/2/2017/08/feature-520x312.jpg 520w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 768px) 100vw, 768px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">David Möschler conducts the orchestra during an open session at Oakland Public Library on Tuesday, Aug. 1. \u003ccite>(Photo: Creo Noveno/KQED)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>“I certainly had a lot of mental images of the walls burning, especially of the very rickety staircase falling, which was what trapped a lot of people up on the second floor,” Young says. “I guess it’s a little bit of self-torture in a way, like discomfort.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Young believes that Rodriguez’s piece can also serve as an impetus for renewed support for \u003ca href=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/arts/2017/01/18/artists-and-makers-lose-another-east-bay-warehouse-space/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">vulnerable communities\u003c/a> living and working in spaces like the Ghost Ship.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“There’s obviously people who are still hurting, now that the general public interest has died down,” Young says. “I think now is the time to really be making inquiries — now’s really the time to offer the support.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The audience heard only the opening movement from the work on Tuesday night; Rodriguez and Möschler are planning a full performance at the end of the year. But Rodriguez hopes the preview reminds audiences of the sense of togetherness found in the wake of the Ghost Ship fire.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“In musical terms the piece starts out in a really sad key — E minor — and it ends in E minor, but it has this motion in it of determination,” he says. “Ultimately I want people to be brought together by this music.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_13794216\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 768px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-full wp-image-13794216\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/arts/wp-content/uploads/sites/2/2017/08/audience.jpg\" alt=\"An audience member looks on as the Awesome Orchestra performs on Tuesday, Aug. 1 at the Oakland Public Library.\" width=\"768\" height=\"461\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/2/2017/08/audience.jpg 768w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/2/2017/08/audience-160x96.jpg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/2/2017/08/audience-240x144.jpg 240w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/2/2017/08/audience-375x225.jpg 375w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/2/2017/08/audience-520x312.jpg 520w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 768px) 100vw, 768px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">An audience member looks on as the Awesöme Orchestra performs on Tuesday, Aug. 1 at the Oakland Public Library. \u003ccite>(Photo: Creo Noveno/KQED)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"aligncenter size-medium wp-image-12127869\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/arts/wp-content/uploads/sites/2/2016/09/Q.Logo_.Break_-800x78.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"800\" height=\"78\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/2/2016/09/Q.Logo_.Break_.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/2/2016/09/Q.Logo_.Break_-400x39.jpg 400w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/2/2016/09/Q.Logo_.Break_-768x75.jpg 768w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\">\u003c/p>\n\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>",
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"title": "Scientists Precisely Edit DNA in Human Embryos to Fix a Disease Gene",
"headTitle": "Scientists Precisely Edit DNA in Human Embryos to Fix a Disease Gene | KQED",
"content": "\u003cp>Scientists have been tinkering with the DNA in humans and other living things for decades. But one thing has long been considered off-limits: Modifying human DNA in any way that could be passed down for generations.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Now, an international team of scientists \u003ca href=\"http://nature.com/articles/doi:10.1038/nature23305\">reports\u003c/a> they have, for the first time, figured out a way to successfully edit the DNA in human embryos — without introducing the harmful mutations that were a problem in previous attempts elsewhere. The work was published online Wednesday in the journal \u003cem>Nature.\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“It’s a pretty exciting piece of science,” says \u003ca href=\"https://daley.med.harvard.edu/\">George Daley\u003c/a>, dean of the Harvard Medical School, who was not involved in the research. “It’s a technical tour-de-force. It’s really remarkable.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The research is ultimately aimed at helping families plagued by genetic diseases. The new experiment used a powerful new gene-editing technique to correct a genetic defect behind a heart disorder that can cause seemingly healthy young people to suddenly die from heart failure.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_1914005\" class=\"wp-caption alignright\" style=\"max-width: 367px\">\u003ca href=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2017/08/mitalia-1_custom-116b972b37d76040e2641204f925236a7b5baf7c.jpg\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\" wp-image-1914005\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2017/08/mitalia-1_custom-116b972b37d76040e2641204f925236a7b5baf7c.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"367\" height=\"275\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2017/08/mitalia-1_custom-116b972b37d76040e2641204f925236a7b5baf7c.jpg 1773w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2017/08/mitalia-1_custom-116b972b37d76040e2641204f925236a7b5baf7c-160x120.jpg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2017/08/mitalia-1_custom-116b972b37d76040e2641204f925236a7b5baf7c-800x599.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2017/08/mitalia-1_custom-116b972b37d76040e2641204f925236a7b5baf7c-768x575.jpg 768w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2017/08/mitalia-1_custom-116b972b37d76040e2641204f925236a7b5baf7c-1020x764.jpg 1020w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2017/08/mitalia-1_custom-116b972b37d76040e2641204f925236a7b5baf7c-1180x884.jpg 1180w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2017/08/mitalia-1_custom-116b972b37d76040e2641204f925236a7b5baf7c-960x719.jpg 960w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2017/08/mitalia-1_custom-116b972b37d76040e2641204f925236a7b5baf7c-240x180.jpg 240w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2017/08/mitalia-1_custom-116b972b37d76040e2641204f925236a7b5baf7c-375x281.jpg 375w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2017/08/mitalia-1_custom-116b972b37d76040e2641204f925236a7b5baf7c-520x389.jpg 520w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 367px) 100vw, 367px\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Shoukhrat Mitalipov, principal investigator for the embryo editing study, directs the Center for Embryonic Cell and Gene Therapy at Oregon Health and Sciences University. \u003ccite>(Courtesy of Kristyna Wentz-Graff/OHSU)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>The experiment corrected the defect in nearly two-thirds of several dozen embryos, without causing potentially dangerous mutations elsewhere in the DNA.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>None of the embryos were used to try to create a baby. But if future experiments confirm the techniques are safe and effective, the scientists say the same approach could be used to prevent a long list of inheritable diseases.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Potentially, we’re talking about thousands of genes and thousands of patients,” says \u003ca href=\"https://www.ohsu.edu/providers/paula-amato/42A6A8A8BA74496A98855052CA32BFAD\">Paula Amato\u003c/a>, an associate professor of obstetrics and gynecology at Oregon Health & Science University in Portland. She was a member of the scientific team from the U.S., China and South Korea.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Other diseases that might ultimately benefit from such an approach include \u003ca href=\"https://medlineplus.gov/huntingtonsdisease.html\">Huntington’s disease\u003c/a>, \u003ca href=\"https://ghr.nlm.nih.gov/condition/cystic-fibrosis\">cystic fibrosis\u003c/a>, perhaps an inherited form of \u003ca href=\"https://medlineplus.gov/alzheimersdisease.html\">Alzheimer’s disease\u003c/a> and cases of breast and ovarian cancer caused by mutations in the \u003ca href=\"https://www.cancer.gov/about-cancer/causes-prevention/genetics/brca-fact-sheet\">BRCA genes\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Nonetheless, the work is setting off alarm bells among critics around the world.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“I think it’s extraordinarily disturbing,” says \u003ca href=\"https://www.geneticsandsociety.org/article/marcy-darnovsky\">Marcy Darnovsky\u003c/a>, who directs the Center for Genetics and Society, a genetics watchdog group in Berkeley, Calif. “It’s a flagrant disregard of calls for a broad societal consensus in decisions about a really momentous technology that could be used good, but in this case is being used in preparation for an extraordinarily risky application.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“If irresponsible scientists are not stopped, the world may soon be presented with a fait accompli of the first [genetically modified] baby,” says \u003ca href=\"http://www.hgalert.org/topics/hge/threat.htm\">David King\u003c/a>, who heads the U.K-based group Human Genetics Alert. “We call on governments and international organizations to wake up and pass an immediate global ban on creating cloned or GM babies, before it is too late.”\u003c/p>\n\u003caside class=\"pullquote alignright\">‘Anytime there’s a new technology there’s a potential for misuse. We have to acknowledge that.’\u003ccite>Paul Amato, Oregon Health & Science University professor\u003c/cite>\u003c/aside>\n\u003cp>Amato and others stress that their work is aimed at preventing terrible diseases, not creating genetically enhanced people. And they note that much more research is needed to confirm the technique is safe and effective before anyone tries to make a baby this way.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But scientists hoping to continue the work in the U.S. face many regulatory obstacles. The National Institutes of Health will not fund any research involving human embryos (the new work was funded by Oregon Health & Science University). And the Food and Drug Administration is prohibited by Congress from considering any experiments that involve genetically modified human embryos.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Nevertheless, the researchers say they’re hopeful about continuing the work, perhaps in Britain. The United Kingdom has \u003ca href=\"http://www.npr.org/2016/02/01/465180953/british-scientists-gain-approval-to-edit-dna-in-human-embryos\">permitted\u003c/a> \u003ca href=\"http://www.npr.org/2015/02/03/383578221/u-k-lawmakers-allow-scientists-to-attempt-dna-transplants\">genetic experiments \u003c/a>involving human embryos forbidden in the United States.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“If other countries would be interested, we would be happy to work with their regulatory bodies,” says \u003ca href=\"http://www.ohsu.edu/xd/research/centers-institutes/embryonic-cell-gene-therapy-center/people.cfm\">Shoukhrat Mitalipov\u003c/a>, director of the Oregon Health & Science University’s Center for Embryonic Cell and Gene Therapy.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>One major concern is safety to a developing embryo — whether genetically modified human embryos would indeed produce healthy babies. But on a broader level, any changes made in the DNA of an embryo would be passed down for generations. That raises fears that any mistakes in the editing that inadvertently caused new diseases could become a permanent part of that family’s genetic blueprint.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Darnovsky and others also worry that modifying human DNA in an embryo could give rise to “designer babies.” That’s when parents pick and choose the traits of their children to try to make them smarter, taller, stronger or have other traits that make them seem superior. That’s not yet technically possible. But critics fear scientists are already moving in that direction.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“The scenario is that you would have fertility clinics advertising to people who wanted to engineer their future children so that they could be presented as ‘enhanced’ — as biologically better than everyone else,” Darnovsky says. “It’s not a world we want to build. It’s not a world we want to live in.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Unscrupulous researchers could also rush the technology into fertility clinics to try to start creating babies they can bill as genetically enhanced before the technology has even been proved safe, and before a societal consensus has been reached about what applications should be permitted.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“This is a strong statement that we can do genome editing,” says Harvard’s Daley. “The question that remains is: ‘Should we?’ We need a deeper public discourse around the ethical implications of this technology.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Darnovsky and some scientists argue that many couples who carry genetic diseases already have safer alternatives to this sort of gene editing. Couples carrying genetic diseases can go through in vitro fertilization (\u003ca href=\"http://www.sart.org/SART_Success_Rates/\">IVF\u003c/a>) and have their embryos tested before being implanted in the woman’s womb.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“I will admit to experiencing a sense of puzzlement,” says \u003ca href=\"http://www.altius.org/#organization\">Fyodor Urnov\u003c/a>, an associate director at the Altius Institute for Biomedical Sciences, a nonprofit research institute in Seattle.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“The question I have is: ‘Why did you folks bother, given that there is a safe, effective, approved and ethical way to attain exactly the goal you have set out to do without any of the significant logical and ethic hurdles of having to edit a human embryo?” Urnov says.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Amato and the other scientists on the international team say their approach could offer an alternative for couples for whom those standard options won’t work or are less desirable. But they agree the work should only move forward with careful regulatory oversight to prevent abuse.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Anytime there’s a new technology there’s a potential for misuse. We have to acknowledge that,” Amato says. “Personally I don’t feel that’s a reason not to pursue the research if you think there’s a potential benefit that outweighs that risk. And I think if you can prevent serious disease in future generations, that makes it worthwhile to pursue this.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The advance was first \u003ca href=\"https://www.technologyreview.com/s/608350/first-human-embryos-edited-in-us/\">reported\u003c/a> last week in \u003cem>Technology Review\u003c/em>, a magazine published by the Massachusetts Institute of Technology. But the details were withheld and the researchers did not elaborate until the scientific paper had finished being vetted by other scientists for publication in \u003cem>Nature.\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>For their experiments, the scientists obtained sperm from a donor carrying a mutation for the heart disorder \u003ca href=\"http://www.heart.org/HEARTORG/Conditions/More/Cardiomyopathy/What-Is-Cardiomyopathy-in-Adults_UCM_444168_Article.jsp#.WYESnoTyvIU\">cardiomyopathy\u003c/a>. They then used that sperm to fertilize dozens of eggs obtained from healthy women.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>At the same time as fertilization, the researchers injected a powerful, microscopic gene-editing tool known as \u003ca href=\"http://www.npr.org/tags/419142387/crispr\">CRISPR-Cas9\u003c/a>. The new technique makes it much easier than previous approaches to make very precise changes in DNA.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Several scientists likened the approach to doing surgery on fetuses when they are in the womb. But this takes that idea much further, and involves repairing damaged DNA at a molecular level in the womb.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“This is nano-surgery,” says \u003ca href=\"http://arep.med.harvard.edu/gmc/\">George Church\u003c/a>, a prominent Harvard geneticist who also was not involved in the research. “You’re doing it with the finest possible scalpel.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The editing tool very accurately cut into a mutated gene known known as MYBPC3, which causes cardiomyopathy. To the researchers’ surprise, the cut triggered the embryos to repair the defective gene on their own. This is a process that had previously been unknown, the scientists say.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“The most exciting moment was when we realized the mechanism of repair,” Amato says. “It was fixing itself.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The researchers then let the embryos develop for several days so they could analyze them to see how well the experiments worked. In one part of the experiments involving 58 embryos, the approach corrected the mutation in more than 70 percent of the embryos, the researchers reported.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“The gene defect was corrected with high efficiency,” Amato says.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In addition, a detailed genetic analysis of the embryos concluded that the gene editing had not caused safety problems.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“I think this is a significant advance,” Church says. “This is important.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In 2015, Chinese scientists \u003ca href=\"http://www.npr.org/sections/health-shots/2015/04/23/401655818/critics-lash-out-at-chinese-scientists-who-edited-dna-in-human-embryos\">reported\u003c/a> trying to edit the DNA of embryos for the first time, also using CRISPR-Cas9. But that experiment involved embryos that could never develop normally. And while those researchers did succeed in editing the targeted defect, it also produced unintended defects elsewhere in the embryos’ DNA.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The scientists who conducted the new experiments say they think they avoided those problems by injecting CRISPR at the same time the eggs were being fertilized by sperm.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“That was key,” Mitalipov says.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"https://law.wisc.edu/profiles/racharo@wisc.edu\">Alta Charo\u003c/a>, a bioethicist at the University of Wisconsin, dismissed concerns about the work leading to designer babies.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“This is not the dawn of the era of the designer baby,” says Charo, who co-chaired a committee formed by the National Academies of Sciences and the National Academy of Medicine to determine whether such experiments should be permissible. The committee \u003ca href=\"http://www.npr.org/sections/health-shots/2017/02/14/514580162/scientific-panel-says-editing-heritable-human-genes-could-be-ok-in-the-future\">concluded\u003c/a> earlier this year that gene-editing of human embryos could be allowed in rare cases when no other options are available — but only to treat diseases.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“I do not think that the constant drum beat about the fear of designer baby is warranted, Charo says. “What this is, is a possible step toward being able to edit the DNA in human embryos that’s reliable and precise.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In the meantime, scientists in Britain have won \u003ca href=\"http://www.npr.org/2016/02/01/465180953/british-scientists-gain-approval-to-edit-dna-in-human-embryos\">approval \u003c/a>to use CRISPR to edit the DNA in healthy human embryos to learn more about normal human development. A \u003ca href=\"http://www.npr.org/about-npr/494863809/npr-exclusive-report-stockholm-lab-first-to-try-to-edit-dna-of-healthy-human-emb\">team in Sweden\u003c/a> has started similar experiments.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad floatright]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“I think this needs to be tightly regulated,” says \u003ca href=\"http://ki.se/en/people/frelan\">Fredrik Lanner\u003c/a>, a geneticist at the Karolinska Institute in Stockholm who is conducting those experiments. “This is very exciting. But it also could be a double-edged sword. So I think we really have to be extra cautious with this technology.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cdiv class=\"fullattribution\">Copyright 2017 NPR. To see more, visit http://www.npr.org/.\u003cimg decoding=\"async\" src=\"https://www.google-analytics.com/__utm.gif?utmac=UA-5828686-4&utmdt=Scientists+Precisely+Edit+DNA+In+Human+Embryos+To+Fix+A+Disease+Gene&utme=8(APIKey)9(MDAxOTAwOTE4MDEyMTkxMDAzNjczZDljZA004)\">\u003c/div>\n\n",
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"excerpt": "In experimental embryos, scientists were able to repair the gene that causes a serious heart disorder. But more research is needed to confirm the method would produce healthy babies, they say.",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>Scientists have been tinkering with the DNA in humans and other living things for decades. But one thing has long been considered off-limits: Modifying human DNA in any way that could be passed down for generations.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Now, an international team of scientists \u003ca href=\"http://nature.com/articles/doi:10.1038/nature23305\">reports\u003c/a> they have, for the first time, figured out a way to successfully edit the DNA in human embryos — without introducing the harmful mutations that were a problem in previous attempts elsewhere. The work was published online Wednesday in the journal \u003cem>Nature.\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“It’s a pretty exciting piece of science,” says \u003ca href=\"https://daley.med.harvard.edu/\">George Daley\u003c/a>, dean of the Harvard Medical School, who was not involved in the research. “It’s a technical tour-de-force. It’s really remarkable.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The research is ultimately aimed at helping families plagued by genetic diseases. The new experiment used a powerful new gene-editing technique to correct a genetic defect behind a heart disorder that can cause seemingly healthy young people to suddenly die from heart failure.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_1914005\" class=\"wp-caption alignright\" style=\"max-width: 367px\">\u003ca href=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2017/08/mitalia-1_custom-116b972b37d76040e2641204f925236a7b5baf7c.jpg\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\" wp-image-1914005\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2017/08/mitalia-1_custom-116b972b37d76040e2641204f925236a7b5baf7c.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"367\" height=\"275\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2017/08/mitalia-1_custom-116b972b37d76040e2641204f925236a7b5baf7c.jpg 1773w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2017/08/mitalia-1_custom-116b972b37d76040e2641204f925236a7b5baf7c-160x120.jpg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2017/08/mitalia-1_custom-116b972b37d76040e2641204f925236a7b5baf7c-800x599.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2017/08/mitalia-1_custom-116b972b37d76040e2641204f925236a7b5baf7c-768x575.jpg 768w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2017/08/mitalia-1_custom-116b972b37d76040e2641204f925236a7b5baf7c-1020x764.jpg 1020w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2017/08/mitalia-1_custom-116b972b37d76040e2641204f925236a7b5baf7c-1180x884.jpg 1180w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2017/08/mitalia-1_custom-116b972b37d76040e2641204f925236a7b5baf7c-960x719.jpg 960w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2017/08/mitalia-1_custom-116b972b37d76040e2641204f925236a7b5baf7c-240x180.jpg 240w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2017/08/mitalia-1_custom-116b972b37d76040e2641204f925236a7b5baf7c-375x281.jpg 375w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2017/08/mitalia-1_custom-116b972b37d76040e2641204f925236a7b5baf7c-520x389.jpg 520w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 367px) 100vw, 367px\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Shoukhrat Mitalipov, principal investigator for the embryo editing study, directs the Center for Embryonic Cell and Gene Therapy at Oregon Health and Sciences University. \u003ccite>(Courtesy of Kristyna Wentz-Graff/OHSU)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>The experiment corrected the defect in nearly two-thirds of several dozen embryos, without causing potentially dangerous mutations elsewhere in the DNA.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>None of the embryos were used to try to create a baby. But if future experiments confirm the techniques are safe and effective, the scientists say the same approach could be used to prevent a long list of inheritable diseases.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Potentially, we’re talking about thousands of genes and thousands of patients,” says \u003ca href=\"https://www.ohsu.edu/providers/paula-amato/42A6A8A8BA74496A98855052CA32BFAD\">Paula Amato\u003c/a>, an associate professor of obstetrics and gynecology at Oregon Health & Science University in Portland. She was a member of the scientific team from the U.S., China and South Korea.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Other diseases that might ultimately benefit from such an approach include \u003ca href=\"https://medlineplus.gov/huntingtonsdisease.html\">Huntington’s disease\u003c/a>, \u003ca href=\"https://ghr.nlm.nih.gov/condition/cystic-fibrosis\">cystic fibrosis\u003c/a>, perhaps an inherited form of \u003ca href=\"https://medlineplus.gov/alzheimersdisease.html\">Alzheimer’s disease\u003c/a> and cases of breast and ovarian cancer caused by mutations in the \u003ca href=\"https://www.cancer.gov/about-cancer/causes-prevention/genetics/brca-fact-sheet\">BRCA genes\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Nonetheless, the work is setting off alarm bells among critics around the world.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“I think it’s extraordinarily disturbing,” says \u003ca href=\"https://www.geneticsandsociety.org/article/marcy-darnovsky\">Marcy Darnovsky\u003c/a>, who directs the Center for Genetics and Society, a genetics watchdog group in Berkeley, Calif. “It’s a flagrant disregard of calls for a broad societal consensus in decisions about a really momentous technology that could be used good, but in this case is being used in preparation for an extraordinarily risky application.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“If irresponsible scientists are not stopped, the world may soon be presented with a fait accompli of the first [genetically modified] baby,” says \u003ca href=\"http://www.hgalert.org/topics/hge/threat.htm\">David King\u003c/a>, who heads the U.K-based group Human Genetics Alert. “We call on governments and international organizations to wake up and pass an immediate global ban on creating cloned or GM babies, before it is too late.”\u003c/p>\n\u003caside class=\"pullquote alignright\">‘Anytime there’s a new technology there’s a potential for misuse. We have to acknowledge that.’\u003ccite>Paul Amato, Oregon Health & Science University professor\u003c/cite>\u003c/aside>\n\u003cp>Amato and others stress that their work is aimed at preventing terrible diseases, not creating genetically enhanced people. And they note that much more research is needed to confirm the technique is safe and effective before anyone tries to make a baby this way.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But scientists hoping to continue the work in the U.S. face many regulatory obstacles. The National Institutes of Health will not fund any research involving human embryos (the new work was funded by Oregon Health & Science University). And the Food and Drug Administration is prohibited by Congress from considering any experiments that involve genetically modified human embryos.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Nevertheless, the researchers say they’re hopeful about continuing the work, perhaps in Britain. The United Kingdom has \u003ca href=\"http://www.npr.org/2016/02/01/465180953/british-scientists-gain-approval-to-edit-dna-in-human-embryos\">permitted\u003c/a> \u003ca href=\"http://www.npr.org/2015/02/03/383578221/u-k-lawmakers-allow-scientists-to-attempt-dna-transplants\">genetic experiments \u003c/a>involving human embryos forbidden in the United States.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“If other countries would be interested, we would be happy to work with their regulatory bodies,” says \u003ca href=\"http://www.ohsu.edu/xd/research/centers-institutes/embryonic-cell-gene-therapy-center/people.cfm\">Shoukhrat Mitalipov\u003c/a>, director of the Oregon Health & Science University’s Center for Embryonic Cell and Gene Therapy.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>One major concern is safety to a developing embryo — whether genetically modified human embryos would indeed produce healthy babies. But on a broader level, any changes made in the DNA of an embryo would be passed down for generations. That raises fears that any mistakes in the editing that inadvertently caused new diseases could become a permanent part of that family’s genetic blueprint.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Darnovsky and others also worry that modifying human DNA in an embryo could give rise to “designer babies.” That’s when parents pick and choose the traits of their children to try to make them smarter, taller, stronger or have other traits that make them seem superior. That’s not yet technically possible. But critics fear scientists are already moving in that direction.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“The scenario is that you would have fertility clinics advertising to people who wanted to engineer their future children so that they could be presented as ‘enhanced’ — as biologically better than everyone else,” Darnovsky says. “It’s not a world we want to build. It’s not a world we want to live in.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Unscrupulous researchers could also rush the technology into fertility clinics to try to start creating babies they can bill as genetically enhanced before the technology has even been proved safe, and before a societal consensus has been reached about what applications should be permitted.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“This is a strong statement that we can do genome editing,” says Harvard’s Daley. “The question that remains is: ‘Should we?’ We need a deeper public discourse around the ethical implications of this technology.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Darnovsky and some scientists argue that many couples who carry genetic diseases already have safer alternatives to this sort of gene editing. Couples carrying genetic diseases can go through in vitro fertilization (\u003ca href=\"http://www.sart.org/SART_Success_Rates/\">IVF\u003c/a>) and have their embryos tested before being implanted in the woman’s womb.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“I will admit to experiencing a sense of puzzlement,” says \u003ca href=\"http://www.altius.org/#organization\">Fyodor Urnov\u003c/a>, an associate director at the Altius Institute for Biomedical Sciences, a nonprofit research institute in Seattle.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“The question I have is: ‘Why did you folks bother, given that there is a safe, effective, approved and ethical way to attain exactly the goal you have set out to do without any of the significant logical and ethic hurdles of having to edit a human embryo?” Urnov says.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Amato and the other scientists on the international team say their approach could offer an alternative for couples for whom those standard options won’t work or are less desirable. But they agree the work should only move forward with careful regulatory oversight to prevent abuse.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Anytime there’s a new technology there’s a potential for misuse. We have to acknowledge that,” Amato says. “Personally I don’t feel that’s a reason not to pursue the research if you think there’s a potential benefit that outweighs that risk. And I think if you can prevent serious disease in future generations, that makes it worthwhile to pursue this.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The advance was first \u003ca href=\"https://www.technologyreview.com/s/608350/first-human-embryos-edited-in-us/\">reported\u003c/a> last week in \u003cem>Technology Review\u003c/em>, a magazine published by the Massachusetts Institute of Technology. But the details were withheld and the researchers did not elaborate until the scientific paper had finished being vetted by other scientists for publication in \u003cem>Nature.\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>For their experiments, the scientists obtained sperm from a donor carrying a mutation for the heart disorder \u003ca href=\"http://www.heart.org/HEARTORG/Conditions/More/Cardiomyopathy/What-Is-Cardiomyopathy-in-Adults_UCM_444168_Article.jsp#.WYESnoTyvIU\">cardiomyopathy\u003c/a>. They then used that sperm to fertilize dozens of eggs obtained from healthy women.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>At the same time as fertilization, the researchers injected a powerful, microscopic gene-editing tool known as \u003ca href=\"http://www.npr.org/tags/419142387/crispr\">CRISPR-Cas9\u003c/a>. The new technique makes it much easier than previous approaches to make very precise changes in DNA.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Several scientists likened the approach to doing surgery on fetuses when they are in the womb. But this takes that idea much further, and involves repairing damaged DNA at a molecular level in the womb.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“This is nano-surgery,” says \u003ca href=\"http://arep.med.harvard.edu/gmc/\">George Church\u003c/a>, a prominent Harvard geneticist who also was not involved in the research. “You’re doing it with the finest possible scalpel.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The editing tool very accurately cut into a mutated gene known known as MYBPC3, which causes cardiomyopathy. To the researchers’ surprise, the cut triggered the embryos to repair the defective gene on their own. This is a process that had previously been unknown, the scientists say.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“The most exciting moment was when we realized the mechanism of repair,” Amato says. “It was fixing itself.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The researchers then let the embryos develop for several days so they could analyze them to see how well the experiments worked. In one part of the experiments involving 58 embryos, the approach corrected the mutation in more than 70 percent of the embryos, the researchers reported.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“The gene defect was corrected with high efficiency,” Amato says.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In addition, a detailed genetic analysis of the embryos concluded that the gene editing had not caused safety problems.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“I think this is a significant advance,” Church says. “This is important.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In 2015, Chinese scientists \u003ca href=\"http://www.npr.org/sections/health-shots/2015/04/23/401655818/critics-lash-out-at-chinese-scientists-who-edited-dna-in-human-embryos\">reported\u003c/a> trying to edit the DNA of embryos for the first time, also using CRISPR-Cas9. But that experiment involved embryos that could never develop normally. And while those researchers did succeed in editing the targeted defect, it also produced unintended defects elsewhere in the embryos’ DNA.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The scientists who conducted the new experiments say they think they avoided those problems by injecting CRISPR at the same time the eggs were being fertilized by sperm.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“That was key,” Mitalipov says.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"https://law.wisc.edu/profiles/racharo@wisc.edu\">Alta Charo\u003c/a>, a bioethicist at the University of Wisconsin, dismissed concerns about the work leading to designer babies.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“This is not the dawn of the era of the designer baby,” says Charo, who co-chaired a committee formed by the National Academies of Sciences and the National Academy of Medicine to determine whether such experiments should be permissible. The committee \u003ca href=\"http://www.npr.org/sections/health-shots/2017/02/14/514580162/scientific-panel-says-editing-heritable-human-genes-could-be-ok-in-the-future\">concluded\u003c/a> earlier this year that gene-editing of human embryos could be allowed in rare cases when no other options are available — but only to treat diseases.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“I do not think that the constant drum beat about the fear of designer baby is warranted, Charo says. “What this is, is a possible step toward being able to edit the DNA in human embryos that’s reliable and precise.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In the meantime, scientists in Britain have won \u003ca href=\"http://www.npr.org/2016/02/01/465180953/british-scientists-gain-approval-to-edit-dna-in-human-embryos\">approval \u003c/a>to use CRISPR to edit the DNA in healthy human embryos to learn more about normal human development. A \u003ca href=\"http://www.npr.org/about-npr/494863809/npr-exclusive-report-stockholm-lab-first-to-try-to-edit-dna-of-healthy-human-emb\">team in Sweden\u003c/a> has started similar experiments.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“I think this needs to be tightly regulated,” says \u003ca href=\"http://ki.se/en/people/frelan\">Fredrik Lanner\u003c/a>, a geneticist at the Karolinska Institute in Stockholm who is conducting those experiments. “This is very exciting. But it also could be a double-edged sword. So I think we really have to be extra cautious with this technology.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cdiv class=\"fullattribution\">Copyright 2017 NPR. To see more, visit http://www.npr.org/.\u003cimg decoding=\"async\" src=\"https://www.google-analytics.com/__utm.gif?utmac=UA-5828686-4&utmdt=Scientists+Precisely+Edit+DNA+In+Human+Embryos+To+Fix+A+Disease+Gene&utme=8(APIKey)9(MDAxOTAwOTE4MDEyMTkxMDAzNjczZDljZA004)\">\u003c/div>\n\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>",
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"content": "\u003cp>When San Francisco defense attorney Kevin Mitchell visits a new client in jail, there’s one thing at the top of his mind: “I want my clients to have some way to get out.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Mitchell says he’s got a better chance of winning a case if his client \u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">can walk freely into court in a coat and tie rather than under guard or in an orange jumpsuit.\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“I always prefer having a client come through the front door,” Mitchell said. “Judges and the prosecutors treat them better that way.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Research by the \u003ca href=\"http://www.arnoldfoundation.org/wp-content/uploads/2014/02/LJAF_Report_state-sentencing_FNL.pdf\">Arnold Foundation\u003c/a> backs up Mitchell’s claim. A 2013 report found that defendants who are in jail before trial plead guilty more often and get tougher sentences.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>So a big part of Mitchell’s job right off the bat is arguing for bail if his clients are denied it, arguing for a bail reduction if his clients can’t afford it or, if the charges are minor, arguing to release his client with a promise they’ll show up in court. But if the judge doesn’t go for any of these options, Mitchell will often try to convince a judge to release his client on electronic monitoring.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Electronic monitoring seems like a win-win. Judges are reassured that defendants will show up to court dates, and defendants can keep their lives from falling apart while they wait for their case to be adjudicated. But it can come with a cost.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Well, the first thing I ask is if my client can pay it,” Mitchell said of electronic monitoring. And he said if they can’t — sometimes they just have to stay in jail.\u003c/p>\n\u003ch3>Growing Popularity of Electronic Monitoring Devices\u003c/h3>\n\u003cp>The use of electronic monitoring has \u003ca href=\"http://www.pewtrusts.org/en/research-and-analysis/issue-briefs/2016/09/use-of-electronic-offender-tracking-devices-expands-sharply\">increased sharply \u003c/a>in the past 10 years for both pretrial defendants and sentenced individuals.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Leslie Summers, the director of community and government relations for \u003ca href=\"http://lcaservices.com/\">Leaders in Community Alternatives (LCA)\u003c/a>, a company that does electronic monitoring for Riverside, Marin, Alameda and San Francisco counties, says it got started back in the ’80s when \u003ca href=\"http://lcaservices.com/\">Jack Love\u003c/a>, a judge in New Mexico, was reading a “Spider-Man” comic strip.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[contextly_sidebar id=”jsLCwqry9Osk9hZR1CS5K7IxcMeWDtRs”]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“The villain put some type of a tracking device on Spider-Man,” Summers said. “He wanted to know where he was all at all times.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The judge was struck by this and thought, ” ‘Hmm, why can’t we do that with offenders?’ ” Summers said, “And so he got together with some engineer, and I believe in 1983 was the first prototype for electronic monitoring.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In California the use of pretrial GPS-tracking varies county by county. For example, in San Francisco there are about 70 pretrial defendants being monitored at any given time. In Alameda County there are roughly 12. San Francisco will pay for the cost of monitoring low-income defendants. Alameda won’t, so defendants have to pay the daily cost themselves or stay in jail. These costs can add up quickly.\u003c/p>\n\u003ch3>Hidden Costs of Electronic Monitoring\u003c/h3>\n\u003cp>In January, Mitchell convinced a judge to let his client, William Edwards, out of jail with a bulky GPS monitor attached to his ankle. Then Edwards got a bill.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11604765\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 800px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-medium wp-image-11604765\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2017/07/RS25323_20170510_WilliamEdwards_credit_BertJohnson-1-qut-800x533.jpg\" alt=\"William Edwards was released on electronic monitoring. His case was dismissed, but he still had to pay the monitoring company thousands of dollars. \" width=\"800\" height=\"533\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2017/07/RS25323_20170510_WilliamEdwards_credit_BertJohnson-1-qut-800x533.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2017/07/RS25323_20170510_WilliamEdwards_credit_BertJohnson-1-qut-160x107.jpg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2017/07/RS25323_20170510_WilliamEdwards_credit_BertJohnson-1-qut-1020x680.jpg 1020w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2017/07/RS25323_20170510_WilliamEdwards_credit_BertJohnson-1-qut.jpg 1920w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2017/07/RS25323_20170510_WilliamEdwards_credit_BertJohnson-1-qut-1180x787.jpg 1180w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2017/07/RS25323_20170510_WilliamEdwards_credit_BertJohnson-1-qut-960x640.jpg 960w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2017/07/RS25323_20170510_WilliamEdwards_credit_BertJohnson-1-qut-240x160.jpg 240w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2017/07/RS25323_20170510_WilliamEdwards_credit_BertJohnson-1-qut-375x250.jpg 375w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2017/07/RS25323_20170510_WilliamEdwards_credit_BertJohnson-1-qut-520x347.jpg 520w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">William Edwards was released on electronic monitoring. His case was dismissed, but he still had to pay the monitoring company thousands of dollars. \u003ccite>(Bert Johnson/KQED)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>“I didn’t know it was going to cost that much money,” Edwards said. “The cost was about $900 a month or roughly $26 a day.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>While on electronic monitoring, he was able to get his job back, but Edwards doesn’t make much money. The case dragged on so long that he began looking for a way out of the mounting bills, even if that meant pleading guilty.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“I had to convince him, ‘Don’t take any deal, you’re not guilty, don’t take a deal just to get out of this financial bind. You’ll pay that money back, alright? But you can’t get back your guilty plea,’” Mitchell said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>After three months, prosecutors dropped the case against Edwards due to lack of evidence. But he said he’s still paying back family members who loaned him the money he had to pay LCA — the company that does monitoring for Alameda County.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“In Alameda County we do have a flat bottom rate of $10 a day, which might sound like a lot,” Summers said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>State law says no one can be excluded from the program for inability to pay, but the reality is that happens. LCA is a business, after all.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“You know we do the best we can,” Summers said. “And unfortunately there is a financial aspect to it and LCA has staff, and you know it’s a very labor-intensive program. At the same time, how much are we saving the county on people being in custody?”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[audio src=\"http://www.kqed.org/.stream/anon/radio/tcr/2017/08/LewisBailReform2.mp3\" Image=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2017/08/WilliamEdwards-1920x1263.jpg\" Title=\"Electronic Monitoring of Defendants Is Increasing, But at What Price?\" program=\"The California Report\"]\u003c/p>\n\u003ch3>Changing Pretrial Practices\u003c/h3>\n\u003cp>Now Alameda County is changing the way it releases people pretrial. It just signed a $1.7 million contract with LCA to administer pretrial services for the county for two years, including drug treatment, weekly check-ins and monitoring of pretrial defendants. The new system will go into effect in about two months, and defendants will bear none of the cost.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>This local shift comes at a time when lawmakers in Sacramento are also looking to release more people before trial. About \u003ca href=\"http://www.ppic.org/publication/pretrial-detention-and-jail-capacity-in-california/\">60 percent\u003c/a> of people jailed in California are un-sentenced, and many of them are awaiting trial. Critics of the current bail system say many people are held in jail simply because they can’t afford to bail out.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[contextly_sidebar id=”eXn1O8Zf9SmjVDCvvuf2meuyVwnan5Fq”]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Bail reform bill \u003ca href=\"https://leginfo.legislature.ca.gov/faces/billNavClient.xhtml?bill_id=201720180SB10\">SB 10\u003c/a> aims to put in place supervision and services for pretrial defendants. And electronic monitoring is just one of the conditions judges can put on a defendant’s release. The idea is that it should be used sparingly, only when an individual is deemed particularly risky. Other services would include everything from court date reminders to drug treatment and daily or monthly check-ins.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>If it passes, SB 10 would mean a lot less business for bail agents, but could mean opportunity for companies like LCA.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Berkeley Law School professor Malcolm Feeley is an expert on contractors like LCA. He said the current bail system in California is broken, but he cautioned that we shouldn’t get too seduced by contractors promising a silver bullet.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Consistently, private contractors have offered innovation,” he said. “Every one of their innovations that I’ve looked at has widened the net. It’s a good idea in theory but it ends up widening the net, catching more people and putting more people under supervision or under more intense supervision.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Vendors are not at fault, according to Feeley — they are just promoting their products. But he cautioned that the nature of our criminal justice system — from risk-averse judges to business-savvy contractors — is to keep expanding the reach of the state even as it tries to shrink the number of people who are incarcerated.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Supporters of SB 10 emphasized that getting a workable bill is just a first step toward implementation, but that the hard details of how to do that are still being worked out.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>To attorney Kevin Mitchell, pretrial services contractors look like the latest in a long line of industries that have made money off people like his clients.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad floatright]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“I often tell people we live in a commonwealth,” he said. “The less wealth you have, the more common they treat you. And that just comes into play every day at the Hall of Justice.”\u003c/p>\n\n",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>When San Francisco defense attorney Kevin Mitchell visits a new client in jail, there’s one thing at the top of his mind: “I want my clients to have some way to get out.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Mitchell says he’s got a better chance of winning a case if his client \u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">can walk freely into court in a coat and tie rather than under guard or in an orange jumpsuit.\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“I always prefer having a client come through the front door,” Mitchell said. “Judges and the prosecutors treat them better that way.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Research by the \u003ca href=\"http://www.arnoldfoundation.org/wp-content/uploads/2014/02/LJAF_Report_state-sentencing_FNL.pdf\">Arnold Foundation\u003c/a> backs up Mitchell’s claim. A 2013 report found that defendants who are in jail before trial plead guilty more often and get tougher sentences.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>So a big part of Mitchell’s job right off the bat is arguing for bail if his clients are denied it, arguing for a bail reduction if his clients can’t afford it or, if the charges are minor, arguing to release his client with a promise they’ll show up in court. But if the judge doesn’t go for any of these options, Mitchell will often try to convince a judge to release his client on electronic monitoring.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Electronic monitoring seems like a win-win. Judges are reassured that defendants will show up to court dates, and defendants can keep their lives from falling apart while they wait for their case to be adjudicated. But it can come with a cost.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Well, the first thing I ask is if my client can pay it,” Mitchell said of electronic monitoring. And he said if they can’t — sometimes they just have to stay in jail.\u003c/p>\n\u003ch3>Growing Popularity of Electronic Monitoring Devices\u003c/h3>\n\u003cp>The use of electronic monitoring has \u003ca href=\"http://www.pewtrusts.org/en/research-and-analysis/issue-briefs/2016/09/use-of-electronic-offender-tracking-devices-expands-sharply\">increased sharply \u003c/a>in the past 10 years for both pretrial defendants and sentenced individuals.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Leslie Summers, the director of community and government relations for \u003ca href=\"http://lcaservices.com/\">Leaders in Community Alternatives (LCA)\u003c/a>, a company that does electronic monitoring for Riverside, Marin, Alameda and San Francisco counties, says it got started back in the ’80s when \u003ca href=\"http://lcaservices.com/\">Jack Love\u003c/a>, a judge in New Mexico, was reading a “Spider-Man” comic strip.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“The villain put some type of a tracking device on Spider-Man,” Summers said. “He wanted to know where he was all at all times.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The judge was struck by this and thought, ” ‘Hmm, why can’t we do that with offenders?’ ” Summers said, “And so he got together with some engineer, and I believe in 1983 was the first prototype for electronic monitoring.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In California the use of pretrial GPS-tracking varies county by county. For example, in San Francisco there are about 70 pretrial defendants being monitored at any given time. In Alameda County there are roughly 12. San Francisco will pay for the cost of monitoring low-income defendants. Alameda won’t, so defendants have to pay the daily cost themselves or stay in jail. These costs can add up quickly.\u003c/p>\n\u003ch3>Hidden Costs of Electronic Monitoring\u003c/h3>\n\u003cp>In January, Mitchell convinced a judge to let his client, William Edwards, out of jail with a bulky GPS monitor attached to his ankle. Then Edwards got a bill.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11604765\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 800px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-medium wp-image-11604765\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2017/07/RS25323_20170510_WilliamEdwards_credit_BertJohnson-1-qut-800x533.jpg\" alt=\"William Edwards was released on electronic monitoring. His case was dismissed, but he still had to pay the monitoring company thousands of dollars. \" width=\"800\" height=\"533\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2017/07/RS25323_20170510_WilliamEdwards_credit_BertJohnson-1-qut-800x533.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2017/07/RS25323_20170510_WilliamEdwards_credit_BertJohnson-1-qut-160x107.jpg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2017/07/RS25323_20170510_WilliamEdwards_credit_BertJohnson-1-qut-1020x680.jpg 1020w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2017/07/RS25323_20170510_WilliamEdwards_credit_BertJohnson-1-qut.jpg 1920w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2017/07/RS25323_20170510_WilliamEdwards_credit_BertJohnson-1-qut-1180x787.jpg 1180w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2017/07/RS25323_20170510_WilliamEdwards_credit_BertJohnson-1-qut-960x640.jpg 960w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2017/07/RS25323_20170510_WilliamEdwards_credit_BertJohnson-1-qut-240x160.jpg 240w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2017/07/RS25323_20170510_WilliamEdwards_credit_BertJohnson-1-qut-375x250.jpg 375w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2017/07/RS25323_20170510_WilliamEdwards_credit_BertJohnson-1-qut-520x347.jpg 520w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">William Edwards was released on electronic monitoring. His case was dismissed, but he still had to pay the monitoring company thousands of dollars. \u003ccite>(Bert Johnson/KQED)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>“I didn’t know it was going to cost that much money,” Edwards said. “The cost was about $900 a month or roughly $26 a day.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>While on electronic monitoring, he was able to get his job back, but Edwards doesn’t make much money. The case dragged on so long that he began looking for a way out of the mounting bills, even if that meant pleading guilty.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“I had to convince him, ‘Don’t take any deal, you’re not guilty, don’t take a deal just to get out of this financial bind. You’ll pay that money back, alright? But you can’t get back your guilty plea,’” Mitchell said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>After three months, prosecutors dropped the case against Edwards due to lack of evidence. But he said he’s still paying back family members who loaned him the money he had to pay LCA — the company that does monitoring for Alameda County.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“In Alameda County we do have a flat bottom rate of $10 a day, which might sound like a lot,” Summers said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>State law says no one can be excluded from the program for inability to pay, but the reality is that happens. LCA is a business, after all.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“You know we do the best we can,” Summers said. “And unfortunately there is a financial aspect to it and LCA has staff, and you know it’s a very labor-intensive program. At the same time, how much are we saving the county on people being in custody?”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003ch3>Changing Pretrial Practices\u003c/h3>\n\u003cp>Now Alameda County is changing the way it releases people pretrial. It just signed a $1.7 million contract with LCA to administer pretrial services for the county for two years, including drug treatment, weekly check-ins and monitoring of pretrial defendants. The new system will go into effect in about two months, and defendants will bear none of the cost.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>This local shift comes at a time when lawmakers in Sacramento are also looking to release more people before trial. About \u003ca href=\"http://www.ppic.org/publication/pretrial-detention-and-jail-capacity-in-california/\">60 percent\u003c/a> of people jailed in California are un-sentenced, and many of them are awaiting trial. Critics of the current bail system say many people are held in jail simply because they can’t afford to bail out.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Bail reform bill \u003ca href=\"https://leginfo.legislature.ca.gov/faces/billNavClient.xhtml?bill_id=201720180SB10\">SB 10\u003c/a> aims to put in place supervision and services for pretrial defendants. And electronic monitoring is just one of the conditions judges can put on a defendant’s release. The idea is that it should be used sparingly, only when an individual is deemed particularly risky. Other services would include everything from court date reminders to drug treatment and daily or monthly check-ins.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>If it passes, SB 10 would mean a lot less business for bail agents, but could mean opportunity for companies like LCA.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Berkeley Law School professor Malcolm Feeley is an expert on contractors like LCA. He said the current bail system in California is broken, but he cautioned that we shouldn’t get too seduced by contractors promising a silver bullet.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Consistently, private contractors have offered innovation,” he said. “Every one of their innovations that I’ve looked at has widened the net. It’s a good idea in theory but it ends up widening the net, catching more people and putting more people under supervision or under more intense supervision.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Vendors are not at fault, according to Feeley — they are just promoting their products. But he cautioned that the nature of our criminal justice system — from risk-averse judges to business-savvy contractors — is to keep expanding the reach of the state even as it tries to shrink the number of people who are incarcerated.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Supporters of SB 10 emphasized that getting a workable bill is just a first step toward implementation, but that the hard details of how to do that are still being worked out.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>To attorney Kevin Mitchell, pretrial services contractors look like the latest in a long line of industries that have made money off people like his clients.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“I often tell people we live in a commonwealth,” he said. “The less wealth you have, the more common they treat you. And that just comes into play every day at the Hall of Justice.”\u003c/p>\n\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>",
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"content": "\u003cp>After months of intensive high-tech study, Caltrans has announced its plans for dealing with the monster landslide that \u003ca href=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/news/2017/05/26/before-and-after-the-historic-big-sur-landslide/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">severed Highway 1\u003c/a> near the southern end of Big Sur in May.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Some had speculated that the agency might decide to build a bridge over the slide, which covers about a quarter-mile of the highway just south of the community of Gorda.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Some had wondered whether Caltrans might try to burrow, \u003ca href=\"http://www.dot.ca.gov/dist4/dslide/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">Devil's Slide-style\u003c/a>, through the mountain that unleashed the torrent of rock, dirt and mud at the tail end of last winter's nonstop deluge.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But the solution engineers have hit upon is none of the above.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>After probing the slide area and watching how it moves with ground-penetrating radar, motion-sensing radar and other instrumentation -- the Mercury News' Lisa Krieger visited the site and wrote \u003ca href=\"http://www.mercurynews.com/2017/06/13/big-surs-brave-new-routes-cross-epic-landslide/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">a great story\u003c/a> about the process in June -- Caltrans decided the best route is across the slide itself.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>From the Caltrans press release on Tuesday:\u003c/p>\n\u003cblockquote>\u003cp>The new roadway will be realigned across the landslide and will be buttressed with a series of embankments, berms, rocks, netting, culverts and other stabilizing material, according to department engineers and geologists.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Our staff has been working hard to tackle the weather-related challenges faced by Highway 1,” said Malcolm Dougherty. “We have made tremendous progress on Pfeiffer Canyon (the site of a February bridge failure further north), have opened Paul’s Slide and now we have good news on the slide at Mud Creek. Our goal is to reconnect the areas impacted by the winter storms as quickly and safely as possible.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>This strategy will allow Caltrans to rebuild the roadway more quickly and at a lower cost than other alternatives such as structures, a tunnel or major earthwork that places additional fill into the ocean.\"\u003c/p>\u003c/blockquote>\n\u003cp>The agency says it will have more details on the project, including when Highway 1 will reopen across the slide, by the end of August.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Meantime, construction continues at the Pfeiffer Canyon Bridge, near the community of Big Sur, which was knocked out by a slow-moving mud/landslide during storms in February. Caltrans has said the new span will open by the end of September.\u003c/p>\n\n",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>After months of intensive high-tech study, Caltrans has announced its plans for dealing with the monster landslide that \u003ca href=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/news/2017/05/26/before-and-after-the-historic-big-sur-landslide/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">severed Highway 1\u003c/a> near the southern end of Big Sur in May.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Some had speculated that the agency might decide to build a bridge over the slide, which covers about a quarter-mile of the highway just south of the community of Gorda.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Some had wondered whether Caltrans might try to burrow, \u003ca href=\"http://www.dot.ca.gov/dist4/dslide/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">Devil's Slide-style\u003c/a>, through the mountain that unleashed the torrent of rock, dirt and mud at the tail end of last winter's nonstop deluge.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But the solution engineers have hit upon is none of the above.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>After probing the slide area and watching how it moves with ground-penetrating radar, motion-sensing radar and other instrumentation -- the Mercury News' Lisa Krieger visited the site and wrote \u003ca href=\"http://www.mercurynews.com/2017/06/13/big-surs-brave-new-routes-cross-epic-landslide/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">a great story\u003c/a> about the process in June -- Caltrans decided the best route is across the slide itself.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>From the Caltrans press release on Tuesday:\u003c/p>\n\u003cblockquote>\u003cp>The new roadway will be realigned across the landslide and will be buttressed with a series of embankments, berms, rocks, netting, culverts and other stabilizing material, according to department engineers and geologists.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Our staff has been working hard to tackle the weather-related challenges faced by Highway 1,” said Malcolm Dougherty. “We have made tremendous progress on Pfeiffer Canyon (the site of a February bridge failure further north), have opened Paul’s Slide and now we have good news on the slide at Mud Creek. Our goal is to reconnect the areas impacted by the winter storms as quickly and safely as possible.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>This strategy will allow Caltrans to rebuild the roadway more quickly and at a lower cost than other alternatives such as structures, a tunnel or major earthwork that places additional fill into the ocean.\"\u003c/p>\u003c/blockquote>\n\u003cp>The agency says it will have more details on the project, including when Highway 1 will reopen across the slide, by the end of August.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Meantime, construction continues at the Pfeiffer Canyon Bridge, near the community of Big Sur, which was knocked out by a slow-moving mud/landslide during storms in February. Caltrans has said the new span will open by the end of September.\u003c/p>\n\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>",
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"content": "\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Updated at 2:25 p.m. ET\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>President Trump unveiled controversial legislation on Wednesday that would sharply curtail legal immigration to the United States.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The president met at the White House with two Republican senators pushing the legislation, Tom Cotton of Arkansas and David Perdue of Georgia.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>One of Trump's campaign promises was to reduce immigration, illegal and legal. The Cotton-Perdue legislation, also known as the RAISE Act (for Reforming American Immigration for a Strong Economy), would cut by half the number of legal immigrants accepted into the U.S. each year.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>As \u003ca href=\"http://www.npr.org/2017/02/07/513957928/republican-lawmakers-propose-new-law-to-reduce-legal-immigration\">NPR's John Burnett reported,\u003c/a>\u003c/p>\n\u003cblockquote>\u003cp>\"Their bill would do three things: First, limit the number of foreign nationals who are able to get green cards to reunite with their families already in the U.S. — currently the largest category of legal immigrants; second, cut the number of refugees in half; third, eliminate the diversity visa lottery — a program that gives visas to countries with low rates of immigration to the United States.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"Cotton says the number of green cards awarded each year — about a million — is excessive.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\" 'In one year, this would reduce it to around 600,000,' Cotton says. 'Over the span of the 10-year window, it would fall to about 500,000.' \"\u003c/p>\u003c/blockquote>\n\u003cp>Trump said the measure \"will reduce poverty, increase wages and save taxpayers billions and billions of dollars.\" The current system, Trump said, \"has not been fair to our people, to our citizens, to our workers.\" He said the new system would favor applicants \"who can speak English, financially support themselves and their families, and demonstrate skills that will contribute to our economy.\" It would also prevent new arrivals from collecting welfare.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>A White House official, speaking on background, says that the current immigration system \"is outdated, and doesn't meet the diverse needs of our economy,\" and that the legislation being unveiled Wednesday \"is aimed at creating a skills-based immigration system that will make America more competitive, raise wages for American workers and create jobs.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Attorney General Jeff Sessions said in a statement the proposal would \"help the Department of Justice perform its duties to uphold our nation's immigration law and end the unlawful abuse of our public benefits program that undermine U.S. taxpayers.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Limiting legal immigration is opposed by business groups, which rely on low-skilled workers for agriculture and other jobs. And economists point to the low unemployment rate, 4.4 percent last month, as evidence that there are relatively few Americans who are without jobs now and that, as baby boomers retire, there will be a labor shortage.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But backers of stricter immigration limits say allowing unskilled people into the country keeps wages low, especially for workers with only a high school diploma or less.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>A group of 1,470 economists released \u003ca href=\"http://www.newamericaneconomy.org/feature/an-open-letter-from-1470-economists-on-immigration/\">a letter to the president\u003c/a>, saying that \"the benefits that immigration brings to society far outweigh their costs, and smart immigration policy could better maximize the benefits of immigration while reducing the costs.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>It's not clear how much support there is in the Senate for such a bill. Republicans such as Lindsey Graham of South Carolina and John McCain of Arizona are likely opponents, and there's little enthusiasm among Democrats.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Still, on the heels of last week's collapse of efforts to repeal and replace the Affordable Care Act, Trump is looking for a legislative victory, and with strong support inside the White House from advisers Steve Bannon and Stephen Miller, there is likely to be a strong push for the measure in the weeks and months ahead.\u003c/p>\n\u003cdiv class=\"fullattribution\">Copyright 2017 NPR. To see more, visit http://www.npr.org/.\u003cimg src=\"https://www.google-analytics.com/__utm.gif?utmac=UA-5828686-4&utmdt=Trump+Unveils+Legislation+Limiting+Legal+Immigration&utme=8(APIKey)9(MDAxOTAwOTE4MDEyMTkxMDAzNjczZDljZA004)\">\u003c/div>\n\n",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Updated at 2:25 p.m. ET\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>President Trump unveiled controversial legislation on Wednesday that would sharply curtail legal immigration to the United States.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The president met at the White House with two Republican senators pushing the legislation, Tom Cotton of Arkansas and David Perdue of Georgia.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>One of Trump's campaign promises was to reduce immigration, illegal and legal. The Cotton-Perdue legislation, also known as the RAISE Act (for Reforming American Immigration for a Strong Economy), would cut by half the number of legal immigrants accepted into the U.S. each year.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>As \u003ca href=\"http://www.npr.org/2017/02/07/513957928/republican-lawmakers-propose-new-law-to-reduce-legal-immigration\">NPR's John Burnett reported,\u003c/a>\u003c/p>\n\u003cblockquote>\u003cp>\"Their bill would do three things: First, limit the number of foreign nationals who are able to get green cards to reunite with their families already in the U.S. — currently the largest category of legal immigrants; second, cut the number of refugees in half; third, eliminate the diversity visa lottery — a program that gives visas to countries with low rates of immigration to the United States.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"Cotton says the number of green cards awarded each year — about a million — is excessive.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\" 'In one year, this would reduce it to around 600,000,' Cotton says. 'Over the span of the 10-year window, it would fall to about 500,000.' \"\u003c/p>\u003c/blockquote>\n\u003cp>Trump said the measure \"will reduce poverty, increase wages and save taxpayers billions and billions of dollars.\" The current system, Trump said, \"has not been fair to our people, to our citizens, to our workers.\" He said the new system would favor applicants \"who can speak English, financially support themselves and their families, and demonstrate skills that will contribute to our economy.\" It would also prevent new arrivals from collecting welfare.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>A White House official, speaking on background, says that the current immigration system \"is outdated, and doesn't meet the diverse needs of our economy,\" and that the legislation being unveiled Wednesday \"is aimed at creating a skills-based immigration system that will make America more competitive, raise wages for American workers and create jobs.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Attorney General Jeff Sessions said in a statement the proposal would \"help the Department of Justice perform its duties to uphold our nation's immigration law and end the unlawful abuse of our public benefits program that undermine U.S. taxpayers.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Limiting legal immigration is opposed by business groups, which rely on low-skilled workers for agriculture and other jobs. And economists point to the low unemployment rate, 4.4 percent last month, as evidence that there are relatively few Americans who are without jobs now and that, as baby boomers retire, there will be a labor shortage.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But backers of stricter immigration limits say allowing unskilled people into the country keeps wages low, especially for workers with only a high school diploma or less.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>A group of 1,470 economists released \u003ca href=\"http://www.newamericaneconomy.org/feature/an-open-letter-from-1470-economists-on-immigration/\">a letter to the president\u003c/a>, saying that \"the benefits that immigration brings to society far outweigh their costs, and smart immigration policy could better maximize the benefits of immigration while reducing the costs.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>It's not clear how much support there is in the Senate for such a bill. Republicans such as Lindsey Graham of South Carolina and John McCain of Arizona are likely opponents, and there's little enthusiasm among Democrats.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Still, on the heels of last week's collapse of efforts to repeal and replace the Affordable Care Act, Trump is looking for a legislative victory, and with strong support inside the White House from advisers Steve Bannon and Stephen Miller, there is likely to be a strong push for the measure in the weeks and months ahead.\u003c/p>\n\u003cdiv class=\"fullattribution\">Copyright 2017 NPR. To see more, visit http://www.npr.org/.\u003cimg src=\"https://www.google-analytics.com/__utm.gif?utmac=UA-5828686-4&utmdt=Trump+Unveils+Legislation+Limiting+Legal+Immigration&utme=8(APIKey)9(MDAxOTAwOTE4MDEyMTkxMDAzNjczZDljZA004)\">\u003c/div>\n\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>",
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"content": "\u003cp>Dozens of rescuers are scouring Joshua Tree National Park in Southern California amid intense heat for two hikers who were reported missing on Friday.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Rachel Nguyen, 20, of Westminster, California, and Joseph Orbeso, 21, of Lakewood, California, set out for a hike on Thursday, said Joshua Tree National Park spokesman George Land. The \u003ca href=\"https://www.wunderground.com/personal-weather-station/dashboard?ID=KCAJOSHU14&scrollTo=historyTable#history/s20170727/e20170727/mdaily\">mercury\u003c/a> there hit 100 degrees Fahrenheit that day.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>When the couple hadn't returned by the next day, the owner of the Airbnb where they were staying grew concerned and called police. Rangers found the hikers' car at a parking lot at the head of a popular trail called Maze Loop on Friday. A \"ping\" of Orbeso's cellphone was recorded from inside the park on Thursday, said Land.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Rescuers thought they spotted tracks near the vehicle heading north into a canyon, and while dogs seemed to pick up on a scent, they were unable to find anything, \u003ca href=\"https://www.facebook.com/josarorg/photos/a.1240987609342432.1073741828.1227461214028405/1496863213754869/?type=3&theater\">according to a statement by\u003c/a> Joshua Tree National Park Search & Rescue, a volunteer group.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Two airplanes, two helicopters, six canine tracking teams and up to 100 ground searchers are assisting in the search. They have already covered \"thousands of miles,\" said Land.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>On Monday, several rescuers were overcome by the heat. One rescuer as well as canine units had to be airlifted out of the park, \u003ca href=\"https://www.facebook.com/josarorg/posts/1499700373471153\">said\u003c/a> Joshua Tree National Park Search & Rescue.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c!-- iframe plugin v.4.3 wordpress.org/plugins/iframe/ -->\u003cbr>\n\u003ciframe src=\"https://www.facebook.com/plugins/post.php?href=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.facebook.com%2Fjosarorg%2Fposts%2F1499700373471153&width=500\" width=\"800\" height=\"664\" style=\"border:none;overflow:hidden\" scrolling=\"no\" frameborder=\"0\" allowtransparency=\"true\" class=\"iframe-class\">\u003c/iframe>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The San Bernardino County Sheriff's Department had to pull their searchers out of the field by noon Tuesday due to the extreme heat, said spokeswoman Jodi Miller.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>They expect to return to the field Wednesday at least in the morning when it is cooler, Miller said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>San Bernardino County Sheriff's Emergency Management team \u003ca href=\"https://twitter.com/VolunteerForces/status/892257905801519104\">tweeted\u003c/a> Tuesday, \"Over 50 dedicated searchers from 3 counties and the US Border Patrol brave 110 deg temps to continue the search.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Triple-digit temperatures are \u003ca href=\"https://www.nps.gov/jotr/planyourvisit/hours.htm\">common\u003c/a> in Joshua Tree National Park during this time of year. Land said it is essential for hikers to take special precautions, like starting out early when it is cooler, taking more water than one thinks is necessary, and letting somebody know the hiking plan.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Land said it was rare for hikers to succumb to the heat in the park, which is 800,000 acres of desert visited by more than 2 million people a year -- but it does happen.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Last August, a 56-year-old female hiker \u003ca href=\"https://www.nps.gov/jotr/learn/news/aug2016fatality.htm\">died\u003c/a> after suffering from heat-related symptoms on a 100-degree day.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Highs on Wednesday are once again expected to hit the triple digits, as the search for Nguyen and Orbeso goes on.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"We are continuing the search until at least the end of the week,\" said Land.\u003c/p>\n\n",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>On Monday, several rescuers were overcome by the heat. One rescuer as well as canine units had to be airlifted out of the park, \u003ca href=\"https://www.facebook.com/josarorg/posts/1499700373471153\">said\u003c/a> Joshua Tree National Park Search & Rescue.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c!-- iframe plugin v.4.3 wordpress.org/plugins/iframe/ -->\u003cbr>\n\u003ciframe src=\"https://www.facebook.com/plugins/post.php?href=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.facebook.com%2Fjosarorg%2Fposts%2F1499700373471153&width=500\" width=\"800\" height=\"664\" style=\"border:none;overflow:hidden\" scrolling=\"no\" frameborder=\"0\" allowtransparency=\"true\" class=\"iframe-class\">\u003c/iframe>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The San Bernardino County Sheriff's Department had to pull their searchers out of the field by noon Tuesday due to the extreme heat, said spokeswoman Jodi Miller.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>They expect to return to the field Wednesday at least in the morning when it is cooler, Miller said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>San Bernardino County Sheriff's Emergency Management team \u003ca href=\"https://twitter.com/VolunteerForces/status/892257905801519104\">tweeted\u003c/a> Tuesday, \"Over 50 dedicated searchers from 3 counties and the US Border Patrol brave 110 deg temps to continue the search.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Triple-digit temperatures are \u003ca href=\"https://www.nps.gov/jotr/planyourvisit/hours.htm\">common\u003c/a> in Joshua Tree National Park during this time of year. Land said it is essential for hikers to take special precautions, like starting out early when it is cooler, taking more water than one thinks is necessary, and letting somebody know the hiking plan.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Land said it was rare for hikers to succumb to the heat in the park, which is 800,000 acres of desert visited by more than 2 million people a year -- but it does happen.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Last August, a 56-year-old female hiker \u003ca href=\"https://www.nps.gov/jotr/learn/news/aug2016fatality.htm\">died\u003c/a> after suffering from heat-related symptoms on a 100-degree day.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Highs on Wednesday are once again expected to hit the triple digits, as the search for Nguyen and Orbeso goes on.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"We are continuing the search until at least the end of the week,\" said Land.\u003c/p>\n\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>",
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"content": "\u003cp>Tesla and wind farm developer \u003ca href=\"http://dwwind.com/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">Deepwater Wind\u003c/a> are planning to team up to create the largest project in the world that combines an offshore wind farm with large-scale electricity storage, the companies announced Tuesday.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The project, called the Revolution Wind Farm, would generate electricity about 12 miles off the shore of Martha’s Vineyard, Mass., and store some of it in large batteries built by Tesla. The project would have the capacity to generate 144 megawatts of wind power, or enough electricity to power 80,000 homes, according to Deepwater Wind.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>If approved by the state, the wind farm would begin operating in 2023. It is expected to be built next to another wind farm proposed by Deepwater Wind called the South Fork Wind Project. That project would serve Long Island, N.Y.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The companies proposed Revolution Wind as part of \u003ca href=\"https://macleanenergy.files.wordpress.com/2017/03/83d-rfp-and-appendices-final.pdf\">a call in Massachusetts\u003c/a> for new sources of renewable energy across the state. The state hopes to generate more clean energy to meet its climate goals by cutting the state’s greenhouse gas emissions. Electric power plants running on coal and natural gas have historically been America’s largest source of carbon pollution contributing to climate change.\u003c/p>\n\u003caside class=\"pullquote alignright\">This is the first time Tesla will use its batteries to store wind power.\u003c/aside>\n\u003cp>Revolution Wind brings together two new industries in the U.S. — offshore wind and \u003ca href=\"http://www.climatecentral.org/news/states-batteries-cut-carbon-21573\">electricity storage\u003c/a>. The expansion and scalability of renewables depends in part on new ways to store wind and solar power, which today can only be used when the wind is blowing and the sun is shining. Big batteries are seen as a solution to that problem because they allow renewable energy to be used whenever it’s needed.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>So far, batteries are most often used to store solar power. Tesla has \u003ca href=\"http://www.climatecentral.org/news/states-batteries-cut-carbon-21573\">teamed up with\u003c/a> electric companies in California to build batteries to help them use more solar, but it has not used the batteries for offshore wind power anywhere in the U.S.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Tesla has not said what kind of batteries it plans to use for Revolution Wind, but the large batteries it currently builds, including the \u003ca href=\"https://www.tesla.com/powerpack\">Tesla PowerPack\u003c/a>, are \u003ca href=\"http://www.businessinsider.com/tesla-powerpack-2-commercial-battery-facts-features-2016-11/#like-the-powerwall-the-powerpack-draws-energy-from-grid-when-utility-rates-are-low-and-can-function-as-a-backup-generator-it-can-also-store-solar-energy-2\">composed of\u003c/a> 16 pods that together weigh more than 3 tons and are 7 feet tall. The pods are daisy-chained together and provide hundreds of kilowatts of power. Tesla declined to comment.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>If approved, the Revolution Wind Farm will be built by Deepwater Wind, which switched on America’s first offshore wind farm in Rhode Island last year. That farm \u003ca href=\"http://www.climatecentral.org/news/offshore-wind-farm-shutters-power-plant-21407\">lead to the shutdown\u003c/a> of a diesel-fired power plant on Block Island.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In a statement, Deepwater Wind said the offshore wind-battery storage pairing will provide clean energy during the times of highest electricity demand. The project will prevent the need for new power plants that operate only when power demand is at its daily peak.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>A spokesperson for the Massachusetts Department of Energy Resources said he had not seen the proposal and was unable to comment.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"http://www.climatecentral.org/\">\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">Climate Central\u003c/span>\u003c/a> \u003ci>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">is an independent organization that researches and reports on climate change.\u003c/span>\u003c/i>\u003c/p>\n\n",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>Tesla and wind farm developer \u003ca href=\"http://dwwind.com/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">Deepwater Wind\u003c/a> are planning to team up to create the largest project in the world that combines an offshore wind farm with large-scale electricity storage, the companies announced Tuesday.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The project, called the Revolution Wind Farm, would generate electricity about 12 miles off the shore of Martha’s Vineyard, Mass., and store some of it in large batteries built by Tesla. The project would have the capacity to generate 144 megawatts of wind power, or enough electricity to power 80,000 homes, according to Deepwater Wind.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>If approved by the state, the wind farm would begin operating in 2023. It is expected to be built next to another wind farm proposed by Deepwater Wind called the South Fork Wind Project. That project would serve Long Island, N.Y.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The companies proposed Revolution Wind as part of \u003ca href=\"https://macleanenergy.files.wordpress.com/2017/03/83d-rfp-and-appendices-final.pdf\">a call in Massachusetts\u003c/a> for new sources of renewable energy across the state. The state hopes to generate more clean energy to meet its climate goals by cutting the state’s greenhouse gas emissions. Electric power plants running on coal and natural gas have historically been America’s largest source of carbon pollution contributing to climate change.\u003c/p>\n\u003caside class=\"pullquote alignright\">This is the first time Tesla will use its batteries to store wind power.\u003c/aside>\n\u003cp>Revolution Wind brings together two new industries in the U.S. — offshore wind and \u003ca href=\"http://www.climatecentral.org/news/states-batteries-cut-carbon-21573\">electricity storage\u003c/a>. The expansion and scalability of renewables depends in part on new ways to store wind and solar power, which today can only be used when the wind is blowing and the sun is shining. Big batteries are seen as a solution to that problem because they allow renewable energy to be used whenever it’s needed.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"id": "baycurious",
"title": "Bay Curious",
"tagline": "Exploring the Bay Area, one question at a time",
"info": "KQED’s new podcast, Bay Curious, gets to the bottom of the mysteries — both profound and peculiar — that give the Bay Area its unique identity. And we’ll do it with your help! You ask the questions. You decide what Bay Curious investigates. And you join us on the journey to find the answers.",
"imageSrc": "https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/04/Bay-Curious-Podcast-Tile-703x703-1.jpg",
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"officialWebsiteLink": "/news/series/baycurious",
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"source": "kqed",
"order": 3
},
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"npr": "https://www.npr.org/podcasts/500557090/bay-curious",
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}
},
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"info": "The day's top stories from BBC News compiled twice daily in the week, once at weekends.",
"airtime": "MON-FRI 9pm-10pm, TUE-FRI 1am-2am",
"imageSrc": "https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/04/BBC-World-Service-Podcast-Tile-360x360-1.jpg",
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"meta": {
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"source": "BBC World Service"
},
"link": "/radio/program/bbc-world-service",
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"tuneIn": "https://tunein.com/radio/BBC-World-Service-p455581/",
"rss": "https://podcasts.files.bbci.co.uk/p02nq0gn.rss"
}
},
"californiareport": {
"id": "californiareport",
"title": "The California Report",
"tagline": "California, day by day",
"info": "KQED’s statewide radio news program providing daily coverage of issues, trends and public policy decisions.",
"imageSrc": "https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/04/The-California-Report-Podcast-Tile-703x703-1.jpg",
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"officialWebsiteLink": "/californiareport",
"meta": {
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"source": "kqed",
"order": 8
},
"link": "/californiareport",
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"amazon": "https://music.amazon.com/podcasts/26099305-72af-4542-9dde-ac1807fe36d5/kqed-s-the-california-report",
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}
},
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"id": "californiareportmagazine",
"title": "The California Report Magazine",
"tagline": "Your state, your stories",
"info": "Every week, The California Report Magazine takes you on a road trip for the ears: to visit the places and meet the people who make California unique. The in-depth storytelling podcast from the California Report.",
"airtime": "FRI 4:30pm-5pm, 6:30pm-7pm, 11pm-11:30pm",
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"officialWebsiteLink": "/californiareportmagazine",
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"order": 10
},
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"google": "https://podcasts.google.com/feed/aHR0cHM6Ly9mZWVkcy5tZWdhcGhvbmUuZm0vS1FJTkM3NjkwNjk1OTAz",
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},
"city-arts": {
"id": "city-arts",
"title": "City Arts & Lectures",
"info": "A one-hour radio program to hear celebrated writers, artists and thinkers address contemporary ideas and values, often discussing the creative process. Please note: tapes or transcripts are not available",
"imageSrc": "https://ww2.kqed.org/radio/wp-content/uploads/sites/50/2018/05/cityartsandlecture-300x300.jpg",
"officialWebsiteLink": "https://www.cityarts.net/",
"airtime": "SUN 1pm-2pm, TUE 10pm, WED 1am",
"meta": {
"site": "news",
"source": "City Arts & Lectures"
},
"link": "https://www.cityarts.net",
"subscribe": {
"tuneIn": "https://tunein.com/radio/City-Arts-and-Lectures-p692/",
"rss": "https://www.cityarts.net/feed/"
}
},
"closealltabs": {
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"info": "Close All Tabs breaks down how digital culture shapes our world through thoughtful insights and irreverent humor.",
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"officialWebsiteLink": "/podcasts/closealltabs",
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"source": "kqed",
"order": 1
},
"link": "/podcasts/closealltabs",
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"id": "code-switch-life-kit",
"title": "Code Switch / Life Kit",
"info": "\u003cem>Code Switch\u003c/em>, which listeners will hear in the first part of the hour, has fearless and much-needed conversations about race. Hosted by journalists of color, the show tackles the subject of race head-on, exploring how it impacts every part of society — from politics and pop culture to history, sports and more.\u003cbr />\u003cbr />\u003cem>Life Kit\u003c/em>, which will be in the second part of the hour, guides you through spaces and feelings no one prepares you for — from finances to mental health, from workplace microaggressions to imposter syndrome, from relationships to parenting. The show features experts with real world experience and shares their knowledge. Because everyone needs a little help being human.\u003cbr />\u003cbr />\u003ca href=\"https://www.npr.org/podcasts/510312/codeswitch\">\u003cem>Code Switch\u003c/em> offical site and podcast\u003c/a>\u003cbr />\u003ca href=\"https://www.npr.org/lifekit\">\u003cem>Life Kit\u003c/em> offical site and podcast\u003c/a>\u003cbr />",
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"meta": {
"site": "radio",
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},
"link": "/radio/program/code-switch-life-kit",
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"google": "https://podcasts.google.com/feed/aHR0cHM6Ly93d3cubnByLm9yZy9yc3MvcG9kY2FzdC5waHA_aWQ9NTEwMzEy",
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"id": "commonwealth-club",
"title": "Commonwealth Club of California Podcast",
"info": "The Commonwealth Club of California is the nation's oldest and largest public affairs forum. As a non-partisan forum, The Club brings to the public airwaves diverse viewpoints on important topics. The Club's weekly radio broadcast - the oldest in the U.S., dating back to 1924 - is carried across the nation on public radio stations and is now podcasting. Our website archive features audio of our recent programs, as well as selected speeches from our long and distinguished history. This podcast feed is usually updated twice a week and is always un-edited.",
"airtime": "THU 10pm, FRI 1am",
"imageSrc": "https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/04/Commonwealth-Club-Podcast-Tile-360x360-1.jpg",
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"meta": {
"site": "news",
"source": "Commonwealth Club of California"
},
"link": "/radio/program/commonwealth-club",
"subscribe": {
"apple": "https://itunes.apple.com/us/podcast/commonwealth-club-of-california-podcast/id976334034?mt=2",
"google": "https://podcasts.google.com/feed/aHR0cDovL3d3dy5jb21tb253ZWFsdGhjbHViLm9yZy9hdWRpby9wb2RjYXN0L3dlZWtseS54bWw",
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},
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"id": "forum",
"title": "Forum",
"tagline": "The conversation starts here",
"info": "KQED’s live call-in program discussing local, state, national and international issues, as well as in-depth interviews.",
"airtime": "MON-FRI 9am-11am, 10pm-11pm",
"imageSrc": "https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/04/Forum-Podcast-Tile-703x703-1.jpg",
"imageAlt": "KQED Forum with Mina Kim and Alexis Madrigal",
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"meta": {
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"source": "kqed",
"order": 9
},
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"google": "https://podcasts.google.com/feed/aHR0cHM6Ly9mZWVkcy5tZWdhcGhvbmUuZm0vS1FJTkM5NTU3MzgxNjMz",
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"freakonomics-radio": {
"id": "freakonomics-radio",
"title": "Freakonomics Radio",
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"imageSrc": "https://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2018/05/freakonomicsRadio.png",
"officialWebsiteLink": "http://freakonomics.com/",
"airtime": "SUN 1am-2am, SAT 3pm-4pm",
"meta": {
"site": "radio",
"source": "WNYC"
},
"link": "/radio/program/freakonomics-radio",
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"apple": "https://itunes.apple.com/us/podcast/freakonomics-radio/id354668519",
"tuneIn": "https://tunein.com/podcasts/WNYC-Podcasts/Freakonomics-Radio-p272293/",
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},
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"id": "fresh-air",
"title": "Fresh Air",
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"link": "/radio/program/fresh-air",
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"apple": "https://itunes.apple.com/WebObjects/MZStore.woa/wa/viewPodcast?s=143441&mt=2&id=214089682&at=11l79Y&ct=nprdirectory",
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"rss": "https://feeds.npr.org/381444908/podcast.xml"
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"info": "A live production of NPR and WBUR Boston, in collaboration with stations across the country, Here & Now reflects the fluid world of news as it's happening in the middle of the day, with timely, in-depth news, interviews and conversation. Hosted by Robin Young, Jeremy Hobson and Tonya Mosley.",
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"rss": "https://feeds.npr.org/510051/podcast.xml"
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},
"hidden-brain": {
"id": "hidden-brain",
"title": "Hidden Brain",
"info": "Shankar Vedantam uses science and storytelling to reveal the unconscious patterns that drive human behavior, shape our choices and direct our relationships.",
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"airtime": "SUN 7pm-8pm",
"meta": {
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"source": "NPR"
},
"link": "/radio/program/hidden-brain",
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},
"how-i-built-this": {
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"title": "How I Built This with Guy Raz",
"info": "Guy Raz dives into the stories behind some of the world's best known companies. How I Built This weaves a narrative journey about innovators, entrepreneurs and idealists—and the movements they built.",
"imageSrc": "https://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2018/05/howIBuiltThis.png",
"officialWebsiteLink": "https://www.npr.org/podcasts/510313/how-i-built-this",
"airtime": "SUN 7:30pm-8pm",
"meta": {
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"source": "npr"
},
"link": "/radio/program/how-i-built-this",
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"apple": "https://itunes.apple.com/us/podcast/how-i-built-this-with-guy-raz/id1150510297?mt=2",
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},
"hyphenacion": {
"id": "hyphenacion",
"title": "Hyphenación",
"tagline": "Where conversation and cultura meet",
"info": "What kind of no sabo word is Hyphenación? For us, it’s about living within a hyphenation. Like being a third-gen Mexican-American from the Texas border now living that Bay Area Chicano life. Like Xorje! Each week we bring together a couple of hyphenated Latinos to talk all about personal life choices: family, careers, relationships, belonging … everything is on the table. ",
"imageSrc": "https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2025/03/Hyphenacion_FinalAssets_PodcastTile.png",
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"officialWebsiteLink": "/podcasts/hyphenacion",
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"order": 15
},
"link": "/podcasts/hyphenacion",
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},
"jerrybrown": {
"id": "jerrybrown",
"title": "The Political Mind of Jerry Brown",
"tagline": "Lessons from a lifetime in politics",
"info": "The Political Mind of Jerry Brown brings listeners the wisdom of the former Governor, Mayor, and presidential candidate. Scott Shafer interviewed Brown for more than 40 hours, covering the former governor's life and half-century in the political game – and Brown has some lessons he'd like to share. ",
"imageSrc": "https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/04/The-Political-Mind-of-Jerry-Brown-Podcast-Tile-703x703-1.jpg",
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"officialWebsiteLink": "/podcasts/jerrybrown",
"meta": {
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"order": 18
},
"link": "/podcasts/jerrybrown",
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}
},
"latino-usa": {
"id": "latino-usa",
"title": "Latino USA",
"airtime": "MON 1am-2am, SUN 6pm-7pm",
"info": "Latino USA, the radio journal of news and culture, is the only national, English-language radio program produced from a Latino perspective.",
"imageSrc": "https://ww2.kqed.org/radio/wp-content/uploads/sites/50/2018/04/latinoUsa.jpg",
"officialWebsiteLink": "http://latinousa.org/",
"meta": {
"site": "news",
"source": "npr"
},
"link": "/radio/program/latino-usa",
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"apple": "https://itunes.apple.com/WebObjects/MZStore.woa/wa/viewPodcast?s=143441&mt=2&id=79681317&at=11l79Y&ct=nprdirectory",
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"rss": "https://feeds.npr.org/510016/podcast.xml"
}
},
"marketplace": {
"id": "marketplace",
"title": "Marketplace",
"info": "Our flagship program, helmed by Kai Ryssdal, examines what the day in money delivered, through stories, conversations, newsworthy numbers and more. Updated Monday through Friday at about 3:30 p.m. PT.",
"airtime": "MON-FRI 4pm-4:30pm, MON-WED 6:30pm-7pm",
"imageSrc": "https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/04/Marketplace-Podcast-Tile-360x360-1.jpg",
"officialWebsiteLink": "https://www.marketplace.org/",
"meta": {
"site": "news",
"source": "American Public Media"
},
"link": "/radio/program/marketplace",
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"rss": "https://feeds.publicradio.org/public_feeds/marketplace-pm/rss/rss"
}
},
"masters-of-scale": {
"id": "masters-of-scale",
"title": "Masters of Scale",
"info": "Masters of Scale is an original podcast in which LinkedIn co-founder and Greylock Partner Reid Hoffman sets out to describe and prove theories that explain how great entrepreneurs take their companies from zero to a gazillion in ingenious fashion.",
"airtime": "Every other Wednesday June 12 through October 16 at 8pm (repeats Thursdays at 2am)",
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"officialWebsiteLink": "https://mastersofscale.com/",
"meta": {
"site": "radio",
"source": "WaitWhat"
},
"link": "/radio/program/masters-of-scale",
"subscribe": {
"apple": "http://mastersofscale.app.link/",
"rss": "https://rss.art19.com/masters-of-scale"
}
},
"mindshift": {
"id": "mindshift",
"title": "MindShift",
"tagline": "A podcast about the future of learning and how we raise our kids",
"info": "The MindShift podcast explores the innovations in education that are shaping how kids learn. Hosts Ki Sung and Katrina Schwartz introduce listeners to educators, researchers, parents and students who are developing effective ways to improve how kids learn. We cover topics like how fed-up administrators are developing surprising tactics to deal with classroom disruptions; how listening to podcasts are helping kids develop reading skills; the consequences of overparenting; and why interdisciplinary learning can engage students on all ends of the traditional achievement spectrum. This podcast is part of the MindShift education site, a division of KQED News. KQED is an NPR/PBS member station based in San Francisco. You can also visit the MindShift website for episodes and supplemental blog posts or tweet us \u003ca href=\"https://twitter.com/MindShiftKQED\">@MindShiftKQED\u003c/a> or visit us at \u003ca href=\"/mindshift\">MindShift.KQED.org\u003c/a>",
"imageSrc": "https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/04/Mindshift-Podcast-Tile-703x703-1.jpg",
"imageAlt": "KQED MindShift: How We Will Learn",
"officialWebsiteLink": "/mindshift/",
"meta": {
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"source": "kqed",
"order": 12
},
"link": "/podcasts/mindshift",
"subscribe": {
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"google": "https://podcasts.google.com/feed/aHR0cHM6Ly9mZWVkcy5tZWdhcGhvbmUuZm0vS1FJTkM1NzY0NjAwNDI5",
"npr": "https://www.npr.org/podcasts/464615685/mind-shift-podcast",
"stitcher": "https://www.stitcher.com/podcast/kqed/stories-teachers-share",
"spotify": "https://open.spotify.com/show/0MxSpNYZKNprFLCl7eEtyx"
}
},
"morning-edition": {
"id": "morning-edition",
"title": "Morning Edition",
"info": "\u003cem>Morning Edition\u003c/em> takes listeners around the country and the world with multi-faceted stories and commentaries every weekday. Hosts Steve Inskeep, David Greene and Rachel Martin bring you the latest breaking news and features to prepare you for the day.",
"airtime": "MON-FRI 3am-9am",
"imageSrc": "https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/04/Morning-Edition-Podcast-Tile-360x360-1.jpg",
"officialWebsiteLink": "https://www.npr.org/programs/morning-edition/",
"meta": {
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},
"link": "/radio/program/morning-edition"
},
"onourwatch": {
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