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"content": "\u003cp>The cases of Clark Hawley, 54, and Luis Canales, 31, presented at the \u003ca href=\"http://www.curecountdown.org/research-index/2017/9/12/2017-hiv-cure-summit\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">amfAR HIV Cure Summit \u003c/a>in San Francisco last November, provided at least a temporary answer to a big question: Can very early treatment after exposure to HIV lead to complete eradication of the virus — an actual cure?\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>No.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But almost.\u003c/p>\n\u003caside class=\"pullquote alignright\">Early antitretroviral treatment brings about a striking period of long-term remission, also called a 'functional cure,' in an HIV patient. \u003c/aside>\n\u003cp>In Hawley’s case, nearly immediate treatment did usher in a striking period of long-term remission, also called a \"functional cure,\" in which zero trace of HIV was detected in his blood or tissue samples, without the benefit of drugs.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The men were recruited as part of an ongoing observational UCSF study. Both were given an initial dose of the antiretroviral combination Truvada, also known as pre-exposure prophylaxis, or PrEP, within two weeks after their suspected exposure to the virus. The treatment came so soon after infection that their immune systems had yet to generate an antibody response. In Hawley’s case, only a more sensitive genetic test called PCR, which measures an individual’s \u003ca href=\"https://www.aidsmap.com/Viral-load/page/1327496/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">viral load\u003c/a>, showed signs of HIV. After the initial treatment, both men were switched to a daily four-drug antiviral regimen, which drove the virus below detectable levels.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>What happened next is a mystery.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[contextly_sidebar id=\"6nfWarjopr6zyonYcblrTOe4VSljxsdZ\"]As reported Nov. 7 in \u003cem> \u003ca href=\"https://protect-us.mimecast.com/s/8JwmB0iVvmacp?domain=journals.plos.org\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">PloS Medicine\u003c/a>\u003c/em>, a UCSF team led by Drs. Timothy Henrich and Steven Deeks said it failed to detect any trace of HIV in Hawley’s blood or tissue for the two years he remained on medication. Typically individuals on successful HIV therapy are classified as “undetectable” when drugs drive viral activity below observable levels in the blood. But it’s known that a small amount of residual virus called the HIV reservoir may be found in tissue using sensitive PCR tests. These came up negative.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Hawley then went off the drugs, a step that was part of the study design. About seven months later, the virus rebounded, quickly multiplying into an active infection. He immediately resumed antiretroviral treatment, which again rendered the virus undetectable.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_437571\" class=\"wp-caption alignright\" style=\"max-width: 1000px\">\u003ca href=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/futureofyou/wp-content/uploads/sites/13/2017/12/deeks-and-volberding.jpg\">\u003cimg class=\"wp-image-437571 size-full\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/futureofyou/wp-content/uploads/sites/13/2017/12/deeks-and-volberding.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"1000\" height=\"754\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/13/2017/12/deeks-and-volberding.jpg 1000w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/13/2017/12/deeks-and-volberding-160x121.jpg 160w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/13/2017/12/deeks-and-volberding-800x603.jpg 800w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/13/2017/12/deeks-and-volberding-768x579.jpg 768w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/13/2017/12/deeks-and-volberding-960x724.jpg 960w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/13/2017/12/deeks-and-volberding-240x181.jpg 240w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/13/2017/12/deeks-and-volberding-375x283.jpg 375w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/13/2017/12/deeks-and-volberding-520x392.jpg 520w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 1000px) 100vw, 1000px\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Dr. Steven Deeks, right, who talked about the results of early intervention after exposure to the HIV virus, at amfAR's 2017 HIV Cure Summit. On the left is long-time HIV researcher Dr. Paul Volberding. \u003ccite>(amfAR)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>But what puzzled scientists was that his body still showed no sign of an antibody response. That suggested his immune system had never had sufficient time to generate a defense because the drugs had worked so quickly that they halted the initial infection. Yet, they knew he still had HIV from the results of a viral load test. More genetic tests confirmed the resuscitated virus was the same strain he was initially exposed to.\u003c/p>\n\u003caside class=\"pullquote alignright\">'We got close; we may have been off by a day or two.'\u003ccite>Dr. Steven Deeks, UCSF\u003c/cite>\u003c/aside>\n\u003cp>Deeks said Hawley probably has a small latent reservoir of HIV somewhere in his body, which hasn’t grown due to Truvada’s suppression of the virus’s initial spread. His status is now in a kind of limbo, somewhere between having HIV and not.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“The whole excitement around Clark is that we were able to initiate therapy so early that we were hoping to prevent the establishing of latency,” says Deeks. “But it did not happen. We got close; we may have been off by a day or two. We did not achieve a real cure.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Even if Hawley had been permanently freed of HIV, the problem with any protocol based on such early treatment is that doctors rarely detect a patient’s infection in the first days after exposure. Rather, the case is significant due to the milestone of pushing a patient into long-term remission free of medication, and because it might offer new clues on how to induce a permanent state of HIV dormancy.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Dramatically Reducing HIV Reservoirs\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Canales’ case is also tantalizing. He was given a PrEP dose of Truvada 12 days after exposure, and for two years showed no sign of HIV in blood or tissue samples on both viral load and PCR tests. Because of Hawley’s relapse experience after stopping therapy, doctors kept him on the treatment. The only way they could detect signs of the virus in Canales was by transferring some of his cells into mice bred with a copycat human immune system. They were able to intermittently spy a virus particle here or there upon removing the cells from the mice. As with Hawley, early treatment had dramatically limited the amount of virus that would later coalesce into a dormant pool in his body.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“I think we have proven to ourselves that early treatment will never be curative,” Deeks said, referring to complete eradication of the virus within someone’s body. When pressed whether he really meant “never,” he amended his answer: “No, not yet.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“But we can definitely shift the balance in favor of the patient,” he went on, “because the reservoir is reduced a hundred- to a million-fold.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Deeks and his team are now investigating a series of HIV vaccines aimed at providing an immune booster to control the pieces of virus that remain in a patient’s body, the final step in sending HIV patients into remission — no medication required. Beyond that, if such tools could wipe out the last pockets of HIV, medical science would have finally achieved its ultimate goal in the fight against AIDS — an actual cure.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>Anne-christine d’Adesky is a longtime chronicler of HIV research. Her 90s-era AIDS memoir, “The Pox Lover,” was published in June.\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\n",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>The cases of Clark Hawley, 54, and Luis Canales, 31, presented at the \u003ca href=\"http://www.curecountdown.org/research-index/2017/9/12/2017-hiv-cure-summit\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">amfAR HIV Cure Summit \u003c/a>in San Francisco last November, provided at least a temporary answer to a big question: Can very early treatment after exposure to HIV lead to complete eradication of the virus — an actual cure?\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>No.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But almost.\u003c/p>\n\u003caside class=\"pullquote alignright\">Early antitretroviral treatment brings about a striking period of long-term remission, also called a 'functional cure,' in an HIV patient. \u003c/aside>\n\u003cp>In Hawley’s case, nearly immediate treatment did usher in a striking period of long-term remission, also called a \"functional cure,\" in which zero trace of HIV was detected in his blood or tissue samples, without the benefit of drugs.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The men were recruited as part of an ongoing observational UCSF study. Both were given an initial dose of the antiretroviral combination Truvada, also known as pre-exposure prophylaxis, or PrEP, within two weeks after their suspected exposure to the virus. The treatment came so soon after infection that their immune systems had yet to generate an antibody response. In Hawley’s case, only a more sensitive genetic test called PCR, which measures an individual’s \u003ca href=\"https://www.aidsmap.com/Viral-load/page/1327496/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">viral load\u003c/a>, showed signs of HIV. After the initial treatment, both men were switched to a daily four-drug antiviral regimen, which drove the virus below detectable levels.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>What happened next is a mystery.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003cp>As reported Nov. 7 in \u003cem> \u003ca href=\"https://protect-us.mimecast.com/s/8JwmB0iVvmacp?domain=journals.plos.org\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">PloS Medicine\u003c/a>\u003c/em>, a UCSF team led by Drs. Timothy Henrich and Steven Deeks said it failed to detect any trace of HIV in Hawley’s blood or tissue for the two years he remained on medication. Typically individuals on successful HIV therapy are classified as “undetectable” when drugs drive viral activity below observable levels in the blood. But it’s known that a small amount of residual virus called the HIV reservoir may be found in tissue using sensitive PCR tests. These came up negative.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Hawley then went off the drugs, a step that was part of the study design. About seven months later, the virus rebounded, quickly multiplying into an active infection. He immediately resumed antiretroviral treatment, which again rendered the virus undetectable.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_437571\" class=\"wp-caption alignright\" style=\"max-width: 1000px\">\u003ca href=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/futureofyou/wp-content/uploads/sites/13/2017/12/deeks-and-volberding.jpg\">\u003cimg class=\"wp-image-437571 size-full\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/futureofyou/wp-content/uploads/sites/13/2017/12/deeks-and-volberding.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"1000\" height=\"754\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/13/2017/12/deeks-and-volberding.jpg 1000w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/13/2017/12/deeks-and-volberding-160x121.jpg 160w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/13/2017/12/deeks-and-volberding-800x603.jpg 800w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/13/2017/12/deeks-and-volberding-768x579.jpg 768w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/13/2017/12/deeks-and-volberding-960x724.jpg 960w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/13/2017/12/deeks-and-volberding-240x181.jpg 240w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/13/2017/12/deeks-and-volberding-375x283.jpg 375w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/13/2017/12/deeks-and-volberding-520x392.jpg 520w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 1000px) 100vw, 1000px\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Dr. Steven Deeks, right, who talked about the results of early intervention after exposure to the HIV virus, at amfAR's 2017 HIV Cure Summit. On the left is long-time HIV researcher Dr. Paul Volberding. \u003ccite>(amfAR)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>But what puzzled scientists was that his body still showed no sign of an antibody response. That suggested his immune system had never had sufficient time to generate a defense because the drugs had worked so quickly that they halted the initial infection. Yet, they knew he still had HIV from the results of a viral load test. More genetic tests confirmed the resuscitated virus was the same strain he was initially exposed to.\u003c/p>\n\u003caside class=\"pullquote alignright\">'We got close; we may have been off by a day or two.'\u003ccite>Dr. Steven Deeks, UCSF\u003c/cite>\u003c/aside>\n\u003cp>Deeks said Hawley probably has a small latent reservoir of HIV somewhere in his body, which hasn’t grown due to Truvada’s suppression of the virus’s initial spread. His status is now in a kind of limbo, somewhere between having HIV and not.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“The whole excitement around Clark is that we were able to initiate therapy so early that we were hoping to prevent the establishing of latency,” says Deeks. “But it did not happen. We got close; we may have been off by a day or two. We did not achieve a real cure.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Even if Hawley had been permanently freed of HIV, the problem with any protocol based on such early treatment is that doctors rarely detect a patient’s infection in the first days after exposure. Rather, the case is significant due to the milestone of pushing a patient into long-term remission free of medication, and because it might offer new clues on how to induce a permanent state of HIV dormancy.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Dramatically Reducing HIV Reservoirs\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Canales’ case is also tantalizing. He was given a PrEP dose of Truvada 12 days after exposure, and for two years showed no sign of HIV in blood or tissue samples on both viral load and PCR tests. Because of Hawley’s relapse experience after stopping therapy, doctors kept him on the treatment. The only way they could detect signs of the virus in Canales was by transferring some of his cells into mice bred with a copycat human immune system. They were able to intermittently spy a virus particle here or there upon removing the cells from the mice. As with Hawley, early treatment had dramatically limited the amount of virus that would later coalesce into a dormant pool in his body.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“I think we have proven to ourselves that early treatment will never be curative,” Deeks said, referring to complete eradication of the virus within someone’s body. When pressed whether he really meant “never,” he amended his answer: “No, not yet.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“But we can definitely shift the balance in favor of the patient,” he went on, “because the reservoir is reduced a hundred- to a million-fold.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Deeks and his team are now investigating a series of HIV vaccines aimed at providing an immune booster to control the pieces of virus that remain in a patient’s body, the final step in sending HIV patients into remission — no medication required. Beyond that, if such tools could wipe out the last pockets of HIV, medical science would have finally achieved its ultimate goal in the fight against AIDS — an actual cure.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>Anne-christine d’Adesky is a longtime chronicler of HIV research. Her 90s-era AIDS memoir, “The Pox Lover,” was published in June.\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>",
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"content": "\u003cp>California Appellate Court Justice \u003ca href=\"http://www.courts.ca.gov/4126.htm\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Conrad Rushing\u003c/a> retired this week amid allegations of sexual harassment from lawyers and other staff who worked for the court.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The 80-year-old Rushing presided over the Sixth District Court of Appeal for 15 years. Before that, he was a Superior Court judge in Santa Clara County.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In a confidential summary, commissioned by the court last May and obtained by KQED, investigators found that Rushing made inappropriate sexual comments about female employees’ appearance, attire and bodies.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Male colleagues reported that Rushing’s office was quote “dysfunctional” due to the justice’s conduct. One former attorney in Rushing’s office reported feeling remorseful that he did not speak up sooner.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[contextly_sidebar id=”C8nY5gVvbxW4OIANvbW2mZcl78ZuPFdG”]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Several former and current employees of the court shared stories with KQED, but asked not to be named, for fear Justice Rushing might use his power and influence to ruin their careers.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>One source, who worked in Rushing’s office for 11 years, tells KQED News that he witnessed Rushing making conversation of a sexual nature with female colleagues.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“A big part of me feels the community does not have the full picture of Justice Rushing. He has been allowed to retire under a false luster,” says the now-retired attorney.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Rushing could not be reached for comment.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The independent investigation also found that Rushing made derogatory remarks about Portuguese-Americans and other groups based on their religion, ethnicity and national origin.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Rushing was appointed in 2002 to the newly created seat on the California Sixth District Court of Appeal by then-governor Gray Davis. He was elevated to presiding justice on Jan. 21, 2003.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The Sixth District is located in San Jose and has jurisdiction over Santa Clara, Santa Cruz, San Benito and Monterey counties.\u003c/p>\n\n",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>California Appellate Court Justice \u003ca href=\"http://www.courts.ca.gov/4126.htm\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Conrad Rushing\u003c/a> retired this week amid allegations of sexual harassment from lawyers and other staff who worked for the court.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The 80-year-old Rushing presided over the Sixth District Court of Appeal for 15 years. Before that, he was a Superior Court judge in Santa Clara County.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In a confidential summary, commissioned by the court last May and obtained by KQED, investigators found that Rushing made inappropriate sexual comments about female employees’ appearance, attire and bodies.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Male colleagues reported that Rushing’s office was quote “dysfunctional” due to the justice’s conduct. One former attorney in Rushing’s office reported feeling remorseful that he did not speak up sooner.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Several former and current employees of the court shared stories with KQED, but asked not to be named, for fear Justice Rushing might use his power and influence to ruin their careers.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>One source, who worked in Rushing’s office for 11 years, tells KQED News that he witnessed Rushing making conversation of a sexual nature with female colleagues.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“A big part of me feels the community does not have the full picture of Justice Rushing. He has been allowed to retire under a false luster,” says the now-retired attorney.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Rushing could not be reached for comment.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The independent investigation also found that Rushing made derogatory remarks about Portuguese-Americans and other groups based on their religion, ethnicity and national origin.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Rushing was appointed in 2002 to the newly created seat on the California Sixth District Court of Appeal by then-governor Gray Davis. He was elevated to presiding justice on Jan. 21, 2003.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The Sixth District is located in San Jose and has jurisdiction over Santa Clara, Santa Cruz, San Benito and Monterey counties.\u003c/p>\n\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>",
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"content": "\u003cp>Wondering what your HR department can actually do for you in the event of a \u003ca class=\"twitter-hashtag pretty-link js-nav\" href=\"https://twitter.com/hashtag/sexualharassment?src=hash\">\u003cs>#\u003c/s>\u003cb>sexualharassment\u003c/b>\u003c/a> claim?\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>We wanted to know the answer to that question, too, as well as gain a greater understanding of the function of HR as it relates to handling cases of harassment and discrimination. We reached out to Sung Hae Kim, HR expert and vice president of people operations for Wizeline, a San Francisco-based software company.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Kim said that contrary to popular belief, a healthy HR department should be an advocate for employees. “\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">If HR isn’t the department that is responsible for advocating for employees, then what department is?” she said. But Kim acknowledged the perception that HR’s role is to protect the company, first and foremost, is rooted in some truth. \u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">“The roots of HR go back to industrial relations in the 1920s, where people’s rights at work needed to be protected,” Kim said. “Then came along scientific management where research was conducted with the aim to improve worker efficiency. In the last two decades, much of the focus for human resources has been about being a strategic partner to the business.”\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">With this shift, Kim said, more responsibility has been given to managers to coach their people, and many HR departments are focused on helping the company deliver results.\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[contextly_sidebar id=”OmezncidxxNAVWUWwZWgEBgwLn5km4FJ”]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">This is where the term “human capital” comes from. \u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">“I think the perception that HR’s role is to protect the company came about because HR is often not seen as core to the business,” she said. “HR professionals have to work hard to get a seat at the table, so to speak.” \u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But Kim believes that, at its core, human resources can be an ally and an important tool in stamping out sexual harassment and discrimination in the workplace.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">The first line of defense is at the company level, she said. Internally, the company has to value human resources and invest in it. \u003c/span>This fosters a culture where people feel safe and supported.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>What can employees do? Kim offers these tips:\u003c/p>\n\u003col>\n\u003cli>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">\u003cstrong>Find someone in the company you trust.\u003c/strong> It should be an HR person, Kim said, but some companies provide multiple avenues, like managers and executive staff, and outlets to report anonymously. \u003c/span>\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">\u003cstrong>If there is no one you trust within the company, seek a lawyer or leave.\u003c/strong> Women in technology, for example, are highly sought after, and she say that brings with it lots of power. “I hope women in tech know that it should be easy for them to find another job if they don’t feel supported by their current employer,” Kim said. \u003c/span>\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>\u003cstrong>The law protects whistleblowers.\u003c/strong> The California whistleblower law was strengthened in 2014 when three additional laws were enacted and added to the California Whistleblower Protection Act.\u003c/li>\n\u003c/ol>\n\u003cp>Kim said she was encouraged by the recent national dialogue on sexual harassment. The focus, she said, has shifted from the accuser to the accused. “I really believe we are at a tipping point where our society is becoming unwilling to enable sexual harassment to go on without being addressed.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>\u003cem>Share your stories of sexual harassment in the Bay Area:\u003c/em>\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cdiv class=\"callout aligncenter\">[youTooForm]\u003c/div>\n\n",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>Wondering what your HR department can actually do for you in the event of a \u003ca class=\"twitter-hashtag pretty-link js-nav\" href=\"https://twitter.com/hashtag/sexualharassment?src=hash\">\u003cs>#\u003c/s>\u003cb>sexualharassment\u003c/b>\u003c/a> claim?\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>We wanted to know the answer to that question, too, as well as gain a greater understanding of the function of HR as it relates to handling cases of harassment and discrimination. We reached out to Sung Hae Kim, HR expert and vice president of people operations for Wizeline, a San Francisco-based software company.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Kim said that contrary to popular belief, a healthy HR department should be an advocate for employees. “\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">If HR isn’t the department that is responsible for advocating for employees, then what department is?” she said. But Kim acknowledged the perception that HR’s role is to protect the company, first and foremost, is rooted in some truth. \u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">“The roots of HR go back to industrial relations in the 1920s, where people’s rights at work needed to be protected,” Kim said. “Then came along scientific management where research was conducted with the aim to improve worker efficiency. In the last two decades, much of the focus for human resources has been about being a strategic partner to the business.”\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">With this shift, Kim said, more responsibility has been given to managers to coach their people, and many HR departments are focused on helping the company deliver results.\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">This is where the term “human capital” comes from. \u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">“I think the perception that HR’s role is to protect the company came about because HR is often not seen as core to the business,” she said. “HR professionals have to work hard to get a seat at the table, so to speak.” \u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But Kim believes that, at its core, human resources can be an ally and an important tool in stamping out sexual harassment and discrimination in the workplace.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">The first line of defense is at the company level, she said. Internally, the company has to value human resources and invest in it. \u003c/span>This fosters a culture where people feel safe and supported.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>What can employees do? Kim offers these tips:\u003c/p>\n\u003col>\n\u003cli>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">\u003cstrong>Find someone in the company you trust.\u003c/strong> It should be an HR person, Kim said, but some companies provide multiple avenues, like managers and executive staff, and outlets to report anonymously. \u003c/span>\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">\u003cstrong>If there is no one you trust within the company, seek a lawyer or leave.\u003c/strong> Women in technology, for example, are highly sought after, and she say that brings with it lots of power. “I hope women in tech know that it should be easy for them to find another job if they don’t feel supported by their current employer,” Kim said. \u003c/span>\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>\u003cstrong>The law protects whistleblowers.\u003c/strong> The California whistleblower law was strengthened in 2014 when three additional laws were enacted and added to the California Whistleblower Protection Act.\u003c/li>\n\u003c/ol>\n\u003cp>Kim said she was encouraged by the recent national dialogue on sexual harassment. The focus, she said, has shifted from the accuser to the accused. “I really believe we are at a tipping point where our society is becoming unwilling to enable sexual harassment to go on without being addressed.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>\u003cem>Share your stories of sexual harassment in the Bay Area:\u003c/em>\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cdiv class=\"callout aligncenter\">[youTooForm]\u003c/div>\n\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>",
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"title": "'I Don't Feel Safe At Work': Your #MeToo Stories",
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"content": "\u003cp>\u003ci>Reader advisory: Some of the accounts of sexual harassment and sexual assault in this story contain explicit details and strong language that some may find painful, upsetting or objectionable.\u003c/i>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>This fall, after several high-profile men were accused of sexual misconduct, we began thinking about ways to tell the sexual harassment experiences of people in the Bay Area. We launched a call for stories in November, and within days, people began sharing detailed accounts of harassment, assault and rape — at work, at home or in their communities, at social events and in public.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Some shared in great detail the incidents, like inappropriate advances at school or harassment in the workplace (“I don’t feel safe at work,” one woman wrote). Some of the abuse was at the hands of strangers, while others reported experiencing it from a colleague or a loved one they trusted.\u003c/p>\n\u003caside class=\"alignright noborder\" style=\"padding: 20px\">Click on the boxes below\u003cbr>\nto read a specific\u003cbr>\nset of stories.\n\u003ctable>\n\u003ctbody>\n\u003ctr>\n\u003ctd>\u003ca href=\"#home\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"aligncenter size-full wp-image-11420594\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2018/12/home_rectangle_blue.png\" width=\"200\" height=\"50\">\u003c/a>\u003c/td>\n\u003c/tr>\n\u003ctr>\n\u003ctd>\u003ca href=\"#public\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"aligncenter size-full wp-image-11420594\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2018/12/PUBLIC_rectangle_green.png\" width=\"200\" height=\"50\">\u003c/a>\u003c/td>\n\u003c/tr>\n\u003ctr>\n\u003ctd>\u003ca href=\"#outing\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"aligncenter size-full wp-image-11420594\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2018/12/socialevent_rectangle_bluepurple.png\" width=\"200\" height=\"50\">\u003c/a>\u003c/td>\n\u003c/tr>\n\u003ctr>\n\u003ctd>\u003ca href=\"#work\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"aligncenter size-full wp-image-11420594\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2018/12/work_rectangle_purple.png\" width=\"200\" height=\"50\">\u003c/a>\u003c/td>\n\u003c/tr>\n\u003c/tbody>\n\u003c/table>\n\u003c/aside>\n\u003cp>Almost everyone who completed the survey shared in detail how these encounters have shaped their lives. Some reported leaving the workforce or switching careers. Others shared how an unwanted sexual advance made them forever lose self-confidence, fear or question the motives of others, or embolden them to be stronger.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Most of the nearly 100 respondents were women, ranging in age from 23 to 78. They work in the service industry, tech, medicine, academia, real estate — the list spans across just about every sector. They are from San Francisco, San Jose, Oakland and other Bay Area communities.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Almost everyone I know has a story,” one woman wrote. “I can’t imagine living in a world without this happening.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>We’ve decided to use this space to share the stories you’ve shared with us so you can learn about what others have gone through and how they have responded. They are organized, generally, by where the harassment occurred. One woman told us, “It wasn’t until I told my secret did I feel free.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Some of the respondents are named. Others have asked to be anonymous. \u003cem>If you submitted a story and don’t see it here, contact us (information at the end of the story).\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>We have omitted the names of the perpetrators, locations and other identifying information, and we used italics to note where a question was being answered, and boldface for emphasis. This page will be continually updated as we receive your stories.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Thank you.\u003c/p>\n\u003ch2 id=\"work\">\u003cstrong>It happened at work\u003c/strong>\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>[dropcap]A[/dropcap] company executive makes constant outrageous comments about women’s bodies, brags about the size of his penis, and has offered to double salaries of attractive women to move to his team.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>At one point, someone did file a complaint and there was an investigation, and although the investigator found evidence of harassment, the employee was fired and the executive not reprimanded.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>I reported it; \u003c/em>nothing happened, executives make excuses, HR continually tells employees, “Oh, you just misunderstood, you should go talk to him about it.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Now everyone is afraid of reporting behavior because they are afraid of being fired. Company morale is suffering, we are losing good people because of this. And the execs just keep covering for each other.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>One senior manager spoke out and was fired on the spot. As a result, the rest of us live under this threat, with a sinking feeling of despair that employees are being negatively impacted and we are powerless to do anything. \u003cstrong>Bottom line, I would not want my wife or daughter working for this company.\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>To me, the difficult thing is official harassment includes some quid pro quo, i.e., have sex with me to get a promotion.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In our company, it isn’t necessarily that. It is more about executives making degrading comments about women and minorities to their faces, in group meetings and even company meetings. It creates a very hostile work environment, but harassment laws seem gray about this since no quid pro quo is implied.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp style=\"text-align: right\">\u003cstrong>\u003cem>— John, high-tech, executive/upper management, 53, San Jose\u003c/em>\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[dropcap]I[/dropcap] was 19 and had a summer job at a small company.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Part of my job involved filing paperwork in a wall of filing cabinets. I learned to do that by squatting or waiting until the manager wasn’t around because if I bent over the filing cabinet, I would often find him standing right behind me. He never once made physical contact, and I had never heard the term “sexual harassment” at the time.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>One day, my beautiful mother stopped by with a lunch I’d forgotten, and from then on he was always asking me when my mom was coming back.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Not surprisingly, that company went through a lot of people in the job I was doing (it was summer and I was the seventh person in the role).\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>I didn’t report it because \u003c/em>it was just an annoyance and I was young and naive.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>I have thankfully never personally encountered anything like that since. I have worked in the high-tech industry for respectful managers and with respectful co-workers.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>I had one co-worker who started calling me “sweetheart” and I asked him to stop. When he didn’t, I told him I’d asked him to stop. We were both married to other people and I didn’t want anyone to get the wrong impression of his relationship to me.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>When he continued doing it, I told him that his behavior bordered on harassment and he apologized and never did it again. We continued to have a good working relationship after that.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>I think all of the publicity will benefit particularly young women starting out in the workplace, so they won’t be as naive as I was.\u003c/strong> People are seeing there are consequences. Now if only that could extend to the president …\u003c/p>\n\u003cp style=\"text-align: right\">\u003cstrong>\u003cem>— Michelle, IT consultant, staff, 55, Campbell\u003c/em>\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11635461\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 800px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-medium wp-image-11635461\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2017/12/RS28359_leave_metoo_purple_small_gradient-qut-800x450.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"800\" height=\"450\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2017/12/RS28359_leave_metoo_purple_small_gradient-qut-800x450.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2017/12/RS28359_leave_metoo_purple_small_gradient-qut-160x90.jpg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2017/12/RS28359_leave_metoo_purple_small_gradient-qut-1020x574.jpg 1020w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2017/12/RS28359_leave_metoo_purple_small_gradient-qut.jpg 1920w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2017/12/RS28359_leave_metoo_purple_small_gradient-qut-1180x664.jpg 1180w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2017/12/RS28359_leave_metoo_purple_small_gradient-qut-960x540.jpg 960w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2017/12/RS28359_leave_metoo_purple_small_gradient-qut-240x135.jpg 240w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2017/12/RS28359_leave_metoo_purple_small_gradient-qut-375x211.jpg 375w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2017/12/RS28359_leave_metoo_purple_small_gradient-qut-520x293.jpg 520w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Jill, tech, staff, 50, San Jose \u003ccite>(Miranda Leitsinger/KQED)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>[dropcap]A[/dropcap]t the age of 18, I started working in what was then a male-dominated industry, the restaurant industry.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>I worked in the kitchen, and most jobs I was either the only woman — or one of two.\u003cstrong> It was “normal” kitchen behavior for men to be sexually harassing. I had to have a thick skin and basically continue to tell people to F-off.\u003c/strong> I would go through this cycle with each new job until everyone got the picture that I was not taking it.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>As a woman, I had to work twice as hard and never show any weakness to be accepted and to advance in the kitchen.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>I worked for a French man who didn’t think women belonged in professional kitchens, and he would hit me on the forehead if he walked by and I wasn’t slicing the apples all the exact same thickness for the galettes. I did not see him do this to any men.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>I eventually became in charge of a kitchen and was able to create a female-respected environment where we had no tolerance for such behavior. That was at the age of 44!\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>I didn’t report it out of \u003c/em>fear. I was in an abusive relationship and being manipulated.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>\u003cem>It has impacted my life in that \u003c/em>I am an advocate for other women.\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>I think most women in the restaurant industry, either back of house or front of the house have experienced sexual harassment — it is rampant in that industry.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Thank you for the opportunity to share my experience.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp style=\"text-align: right\">\u003cem>\u003cstrong>— Michaela, pastry chef transitioning to paralegal, manager/supervisor, 47, San Francisco\u003c/strong>\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[dropcap]I[/dropcap]t was the late ’80s and I was a 20-year-old working as an engineering aide. A lead trained me and another young woman. Unfortunately, our lead became very interested in me (even though he was married).\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>At that time, I had no car and rode the bus for transportation. He would stalk me at the bus stop, asking if I wanted a ride home. He was so persistent, so I accepted rides from him several times. At work, he started flirting with me and making suggestive comments.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The other woman noticed he was stalking me and became worried. We decided to ignore him.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The next time he asked if I wanted a ride home, I declined. He became irate and would make crude comments to both of us like, “What’s the matter? Is your tampon crammed into you too hard?” and continue to follow us around work and make suggestive/lewd comments that everyone could hear.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>We finally had enough; my co-worker and I reported it to management. They took our complaint kind of serious: I was moved to another department and my co-worker still worked in the same department as the harasser but in a different cubicle.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Everyone knew we reported him and most made jokes behind our backs.\u003cstrong> My only option was to leave the company and seek employment elsewhere.\u003c/strong> Three decades later, I’m still bitter about how it was handled and honestly wished I never said anything.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>To this day I’m a little uncomfortable around men managers.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>A few years back, I was interviewed by a woman and man. The man interviewer told my reference I wouldn’t look at him — only the woman. I never noticed my behavior toward men. I was glad for the constructive feedback my reference shared with me!\u003c/p>\n\u003cp style=\"text-align: right\">\u003cstrong>\u003cem>— Jill, tech, staff, 50, San Jose\u003c/em>\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[dropcap]I[/dropcap] had gone to brunch with my mentor, whom I’ve know since I was 15 years old. I am, at the time of this story, 33. Every so often we would go catch up, have a meal and talk about my work and family, him being recently retired, and his family.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>We were sitting there and gabbing away (when) he out of the blue said, “Ya know what, I could get you pregnant. It’s the only thing this old man could give you because you are a successful, good-hearted person and able to take care of yourself with your own career. So let me know if you would like to take me up on that offer. … It’s the only way you’ll ever get to have a baby. … You don’t have time to date.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>I was floored, to say the least. I was hurt, shocked and really beside myself. I stopped speaking to him after that. I didn’t know how to look a man in the face after those words.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>I didn’t report it because … Who was I going to tell??? His wife or his girlfriend??? I don’t think anyone would have believed this story anyway.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>I did later tell a friend and she just laughed it off: “How do you meet these people? That’s so rude of him to tell you, you’re drying up!!!”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>My life was impacted by the fact that I felt I couldn’t have a professional and platonic relationship with a person without it ever turning sideways. \u003cstrong>I do not socialize with people of the opposite gender when I do have work things or when I am invited out by former co-workers to celebrate others’ achievements. I just remove myself from the situation altogether.\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp style=\"text-align: right\">\u003cstrong>\u003cem>— Teacher, manager/supervisor, 34, San Jose\u003c/em>\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[dropcap]V[/dropcap]arious men (customers, not colleagues) have made comments toward me, unprovoked: “sweetheart,” “nice legs,” “hello gorgeous,” whistling, making kissing noises.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>I reported it to a male colleague who has a good rapport with customers and behavior stopped. However, one particular customer now glares pointedly, which I believe is a reaction.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>This affected my life/career in that it \u003c/em>makes me feel “less than” or like I need to take up less space and sink into the background.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp style=\"text-align: right\">\u003cstrong>\u003cem>— Marleah, librarian, manager/supervisor \u003c/em>\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003caside class=\"aligncenter noborder\">\n\u003ctable>\n\u003ctbody>\n\u003ctr>\n\u003ctd>\u003ca href=\"#home\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"aligncenter size-full wp-image-11420594\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2018/12/home_rectangle_blue.png\" width=\"200\" height=\"50\">\u003c/a>\u003c/td>\n\u003ctd>\u003ca href=\"#public\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"aligncenter size-full wp-image-11420594\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2018/12/PUBLIC_rectangle_green.png\" width=\"200\" height=\"50\">\u003c/a>\u003c/td>\n\u003ctd>\u003ca href=\"#work\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"aligncenter size-full wp-image-11420594\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2018/12/work_rectangle_purple.png\" width=\"200\" height=\"50\">\u003c/a>\u003c/td>\n\u003ctd>\u003ca href=\"#outing\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"aligncenter size-full wp-image-11420594\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2018/12/socialevent_rectangle_bluepurple.png\" width=\"200\" height=\"50\">\u003c/a>\u003c/td>\n\u003c/tr>\n\u003c/tbody>\n\u003c/table>\n\u003c/aside>\n\u003ch2 id=\"home\">\u003cb>It happened at home, in my community\u003c/b>\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>[dropcap]R[/dropcap]aped at 16 by a 26-year-old that I met at a party.\u003cbr>\n2) My aunt’s husband exposed himself to me at age 10.\u003cbr>\n3) A couple of boys trapped me in a laundry room and groped me at age 8.\u003cbr>\n4) Raped in the military at age 21 by an officer.\u003cbr>\n5) Attempted date rape at age 28, but I fought back and he fled.\u003cbr>\n6) Raped at knifepoint at age 30 by ex-boyfriend.\u003cbr>\n7) Raped at age 51 by a fireman that I met at a bar.\u003cbr>\n8) Physically assaulted and hospitalized by new boyfriend at age 51.\u003cbr>\n9) Physically assaulted while dating at age 52.\u003cbr>\n10) Physically assaulted, carjacked and robbed at age 52.\u003cbr>\n11) My mother was physically and sexually assaulted by my stepfather.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>I didn’t report because\u003c/em> I was ashamed and fearful of not being believed or retaliation.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>It has affected my life or career in that\u003c/em> \u003cstrong>it has impacted my self-esteem, ability to trust, my judgments, general fearfulness and outlook on the world.\u003c/strong> My career was impacted during the military and caused me to not re-enlist when I had wanted to stay and retire.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp style=\"text-align: right\">\u003cstrong>\u003cem>— Mary St. Clair, social worker, Oakland, manager/supervisor, 55\u003c/em>\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[dropcap]W[/dropcap]hile a 14-year-old freshman, I was raped by my boyfriend. He was a junior at the same high school and wanted me to have sex with him. I was a virgin at the time and not ready for sex so I repeatedly told him, “No.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>So he, along with some friends, played a drinking game with me. While I drank alcohol, he only pretended to drink so that he could rape me.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>After I was really drunk, he took me into the woods and forced me to have sexual intercourse. I don’t remember much except that I was sore the next day. I stopped talking to him and wouldn’t return his phone calls. He eventually “broke up with me” and started dating someone else.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>\u003cem>I didn’t report it because \u003c/em>I was a 14-year-old teenager who had been illegally drinking alcohol.\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>While my life has been impacted by the rape, I don’t feel like going into the details at this time. I will say that I worked as a domestic violence/sexual assault counselor for 15 years.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp style=\"text-align: right\">\u003cstrong>\u003cem>— Sarah, database coordinator at public agency, manager/supervisor, 48, Oakland\u003c/em>\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[dropcap]W[/dropcap]here should I begin? With the boys in my class that snapped my bra in seventh grade? With the perverted mechanics my dad worked with that always hit on me when I was a teenager?\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Perhaps I should share the multitude of stories that have blurred together throughout my life. Or perhaps we could talk about the overt sexualization of women in media and how that has played into my own sense of self, style, behavior and decision-making.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Let’s arbitrarily start when I was a teenager and I worked at a pizza place through the latter half of high school. At a company holiday party one year, we were all drinking and hanging out (yes, they served alcohol to minors back then) and late in the evening my manager tried to make me sit on his lap telling me how “beautiful” I was.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Despite all efforts to resist and my clear discomfort with the situation, he physically forced me onto his lap where I sat silently and awkwardly until he was done with whatever story he was telling.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Then there was the guy I dated from age 17-19 and lived with from 18-19, who became an alcoholic and a drug addict. I was young and knew I was in a bad relationship but didn’t know how to leave.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>As things worsened, I was no longer attracted to him, but he guilted me into sex over and over again, telling me it was my responsibility as his girlfriend. Each time we fucked, \u003cstrong>I silently complied, emotionally numbing myself so I could meet my obligations. I didn’t realize until years later, but it was like being raped over and over.\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>How about the time I brought my car in for repairs while living abroad and the mechanic offered to ride with me to my flat and then drive my car back to the shop since the repairs would take a few days to complete?\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>As a student trying to save money, I accepted his offer — only to be molested on the ride back. Luckily, I had some rather large male friends who came with me to pick the car up when it was done to protect me and get me a hefty discount for my “troubles.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>I’ve seen men masturbate in public while looking at me and my friends.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>I’ve been told by managers not to cry because they don’t know how to deal with “things that cry, like babies, dogs and women.”\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>I have a female friend that was raped at the university I attended in South Africa, and she contracted HIV and had to drop out of school.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>And this includes the hundreds of catcalls and preying looks of men that have sprinkled my entire adult life.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Given the constant low-level harassment I experienced, I would say that the effects have led me to act a bit oversexualized in my interactions with men, believing that if I’m not pretty or complacent that I won’t be liked or successful.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>I realize now that I am in my mid-30s that most of my interactions with men in my 20s were unnecessarily flirtatious, that I’ve developed a dirty sense of humor as a coping mechanism, and I don’t fully trust men to ever just be my friend.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>I’m in a really supportive long-term relationship now, but I had a pretty promiscuous past, avoiding deep connections, belittling men the way they belittled me.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>I can’t make direct correlations between these experiences and my career, but \u003cstrong>I’m certainly not as successful as I probably could have been without the weird relationship I have to men and the constant pressure to be submissive, to “just be cool.”\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>I know that men in positions of power make me uneasy, that I clam up when I have to present findings at work to upper management, and I certainly prefer to work with women and members of the LGBTQ community.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp style=\"text-align: right\">\u003cstrong>\u003cem>— Sarah, data analyst, Oakland, 36, staff\u003c/em>\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11635462\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 800px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-medium wp-image-11635462\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2017/12/RS28357_free_metoo_blue_small_gradient-qut-800x450.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"800\" height=\"450\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2017/12/RS28357_free_metoo_blue_small_gradient-qut-800x450.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2017/12/RS28357_free_metoo_blue_small_gradient-qut-160x90.jpg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2017/12/RS28357_free_metoo_blue_small_gradient-qut-1020x574.jpg 1020w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2017/12/RS28357_free_metoo_blue_small_gradient-qut.jpg 1920w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2017/12/RS28357_free_metoo_blue_small_gradient-qut-1180x664.jpg 1180w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2017/12/RS28357_free_metoo_blue_small_gradient-qut-960x540.jpg 960w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2017/12/RS28357_free_metoo_blue_small_gradient-qut-240x135.jpg 240w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2017/12/RS28357_free_metoo_blue_small_gradient-qut-375x211.jpg 375w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2017/12/RS28357_free_metoo_blue_small_gradient-qut-520x293.jpg 520w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Jane, legal/compliance, manager/supervisor, 55, San Francisco \u003ccite>(Miranda Leitsinger/KQED)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>[dropcap]I[/dropcap] was sexually abused as a child by my best friend’s father for several years. I never told anyone until I was in my mid-40s.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>I did intensive therapy and it was the best thing I ever did, as I realized how much it screwed up my life by keeping it a secret. I struggled with relationships and intimacy, and \u003cstrong>it wasn’t until I told my secret did I feel free. \u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In addition to telling my family, I also reported it to the police as thankfully there is no statute of limitations in Maryland. This was huge for me as I felt I was finally confronting my abuser.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>I didn’t report it because \u003c/em>I was afraid and ashamed. I felt it was my fault. I was a young child and none of it made sense.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>It impacted my life in that \u003c/em>I’ve struggled with intimate relationships. I threw myself into sports and my work to block out what happened to me. As a result, I became successful in my career.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Keeping the abuse a secret impacts victims in very negative ways. You don’t realize how much until you have gone through therapy.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Women tend to become addicts and men become abusers; it’s a cycle that needs to stop.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp style=\"text-align: right\">\u003cstrong>\u003cem>— Jane, legal/compliance, manager/supervisor, 55, San Francisco\u003c/em>\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[dropcap]B[/dropcap]eing a waitress while going to college I have way too many stories.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The first time was with a friend’s father who inappropriately touched me when I was 9. I never went back to that house.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The next time was at camp when I was 12 and the counselor was 17.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>I still work in a man’s world and feel the undermining, the lack of respect and the good old boys network around me that is threatened by my abilities.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>I didn’t report it because\u003c/em> I was too ashamed. I thought it was something I did wrong. I did not understand any of it yet. As you get older you either learn how to deal with it or you get married. I did both.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Even though I am in my late 50s, I just had an encounter with a 30-something man who would not go away at a conference. I go to fewer conferences and my husband comes with me.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>I have been fortunate to be able to handle the shame, and to be honest, it made me stronger and I began to be more assertive.\u003c/strong> Sometimes to the point of shocking the person — who did not see what they did as wrong. I call them out and am very upfront and blunt. I have even more confidence with confronting men who would do this to me and to other women.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>I think the most important thing to realize is the shock of men when you confront them — they laugh or don’t see that they have done anything wrong. They are the ones that need to get training. They see themselves as good people. It is the most important task — to get them to see that what they are doing is very wrong and bad. It is crucial.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>I have a son and you can bet he knows how to behave around women.\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp style=\"text-align: right\">\u003cem>— \u003cstrong>Educator, executive/upper management, 57\u003c/strong>\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[dropcap]I[/dropcap] was gang-raped by teenage boys at my family’s church. They threatened to kill me if I told. I was 9, they were 15. I moved to California when I was in my 20s to feel safe, far away from the Boston area where this happened.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>I have a chronic illness of a debilitating thyroid disease from when he choked me. I cannot work despite two degrees. \u003cstrong>I have complex PTSD and doubt there will ever be justice for me.\u003c/strong> I live as best as I can and try to be kind to others.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp style=\"text-align: right\">\u003cstrong>\u003cem>— Melanie, 48, Boston and San Francisco\u003c/em>\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003caside class=\"aligncenter noborder\">\n\u003ctable>\n\u003ctbody>\n\u003ctr>\n\u003ctd>\u003ca href=\"#home\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"aligncenter size-full wp-image-11420594\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2018/12/home_rectangle_blue.png\" width=\"200\" height=\"50\">\u003c/a>\u003c/td>\n\u003ctd>\u003ca href=\"#public\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"aligncenter size-full wp-image-11420594\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2018/12/PUBLIC_rectangle_green.png\" width=\"200\" height=\"50\">\u003c/a>\u003c/td>\n\u003ctd>\u003ca href=\"#work\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"aligncenter size-full wp-image-11420594\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2018/12/work_rectangle_purple.png\" width=\"200\" height=\"50\">\u003c/a>\u003c/td>\n\u003ctd>\u003ca href=\"#outing\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"aligncenter size-full wp-image-11420594\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2018/12/socialevent_rectangle_bluepurple.png\" width=\"200\" height=\"50\">\u003c/a>\u003c/td>\n\u003c/tr>\n\u003c/tbody>\n\u003c/table>\n\u003c/aside>\n\u003ch2 id=\"outing\">\u003cstrong>It happened at a social event\u003c/strong>\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>[dropcap]I[/dropcap] was a freshman in college and went to a party with a group of friends from my dorm.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>One drank too much so I offered to help him back home; another dormmate came back with us. He (the other guy, not the drunk friend) started to make sexually suggestive and crude comments about what he wanted to do with me when we got back to the dorm. I asked him to stop but he wouldn’t and called me a tease for objecting to it.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>My drunk friend was too incapacitated to help. When we got back, the harasser persisted with his crude suggestions and wouldn’t leave, and I was afraid to go to my room alone. I basically stuck with my drunk friend for safety and had to listen to him go on about what a prude I was for not giving in to him; until eventually other people came back to the dorm and I could go to my room with an escort.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The next day I warned another girl about what happened; she told the harasser what I said and he confronted me and told me I had no right to smear his good name with other girls. I had to live in the same dorm as him for another eight months and avoided him as much as possible.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>I still see that guy on Facebook through mutual friends and at college reunions and it makes me sick to my stomach.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003ci>I didn’t report it because \u003c/i>I didn’t think it was something anyone would take seriously; I thought it was part of the stuff you learn to handle when you go off to college as an adult woman.\u003cstrong> I’m one of countless women who have been socialized to deal with this kind of stuff.\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>I haven’t been impacted much, but it’s been something I’ve kept quiet from almost all of our mutual friends for over 25 years.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp style=\"text-align: right\">\u003cstrong>\u003cem>— Cynthia Castro Sweet, scientist, manager/supervisor, 47, San Jose\u003c/em>\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>[dropcap]N[/dropcap]obody has successfully raped me.\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>When I was 12, a gray-bearded man followed me down the street in broad daylight, begging me to let him get me stoned. When I refused, he said, “Can I at least buy you some ice cream?”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>When I was 17, the owner of an Italian restaurant I worked at started laughing and chattering in Italian while he mimed bouncing and squeezing my breasts in his hands. He did this behind a counter, in full view of restaurant staff and customers. I quit the restaurant shortly after that happened, but luckily I have moved on from waiting tables.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>When I was in college, a truck full of angry men followed me and my friends around town one night, yelling things like, “I like them TATER TOTS!” and “What the fuck is wrong with you? I gave you a fucking compliment!”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Several years ago, I invited a man I was dating to come to my house. He was drunk and proceeded to aggressively try to paw at my roommate when she walked into the kitchen to say hello. I told him he was too drunk and needed to leave.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>He started screaming, calling me a “crazy bitch.” Then he stood outside of my front door, screaming, “I’ll fucking kill you bitches!”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>He did this until a passing stranger (who I guess was also drunk) took issue with all the screaming, attacked him and broke two of his ribs. The guy I was (no longer) dating later apologized, but he never really acknowledged how scary and awful his behavior was. Our mutual friends acted like nothing had happened.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>A charming young EMT who I met at a rock concert invited me on a date. He bought me a nice dinner at Nopa. He kept pushing alcohol on me, and I was having so much fun that I didn’t keep good track of my intake. Somehow, he convinced me to come back to his house where he convinced me to smoke pot and do cocaine — things I would normally never do in the house of a stranger on a first date.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>He then pressured me for several hours to have sex with him. I was feeling really uncomfortable but too intoxicated to safely leave on my own. He kept saying, “Before you leave you’re gonna suck my dick.” To be honest, I was really scared of the guy. He was very big and muscular. Eventually I told him I was tired and wanted to go to bed.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In bed, he immediately jumped on me. I screamed, “Get the fuck off of me!” Then I ran out of his room. He called after me, “You’re fucking crazy.” I walked home through the Mission to where I was living in Hayes Valley alone at around 4 a.m. The experience really messed with me. To be honest, I believe it has affected my ability to be intimate with people.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>A longtime and dear friend of mine grabbed my crotch while supposedly giving me a back rub. I told him not to do that and he apologized. Then he grabbed my crotch again. I yelled at him loud enough that, had I continued, I would have woken his girlfriend who was asleep in the other room.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>He refused to acknowledge what he’d done and occasionally still texts me to ask how I’m doing — as if he doesn’t understand why I’m not talking to him. It’s too bad because we had some good times.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>\u003cem>I didn’t report it because\u003c/em> I was never actually raped or physically injured.\u003c/strong> And the one case of workplace harassment was perpetrated by the owner of the company and in public.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp style=\"text-align: right\">\u003cstrong>\u003cem>— Female, data scientist, 34, Oakland\u003c/em>\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[dropcap]I[/dropcap] was raped by the friend of a guy I was hooking up with when I was very drunk.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>I was 20, he was 33. I didn’t find out about it until months later and then it clicked why my underwear was in his friend’s room. This man is a middle school history teacher carrying on about his day as normal. The guy who I had been hooking up with, 31, (who let his friend rape me) would also have anal sex with me when I was very drunk and I would wake up surprised to have a sore ass.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>What happens more commonly to me occurs at concerts. Several forms of sexual harassment take place often. One common example is to have my butt or upper leg or the skin of my belly groped by a man as he walks by me.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Another is a man will come up behind me closely so that he is basically grinding on me, yet just far enough where I am doubting and questioning whether it’s intentional. This makes me uncomfortable and I cannot enjoy the concert when it’s happening.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>If I am dancing with another girl, I have several times had men googly-eyed forming a circle around us high-fiving each other and making us extremely uncomfortable.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Street harassment of course happens to every girl. It makes me uncomfortable because I like to stand up for myself, but often feel it is unsafe to do so alone on a dark street so I am forced to keep it inside.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>I have been followed on my bus route home and now carry pepper spray inches from my right hand on my backpack. \u003cstrong>The fact that I am encouraged to arm myself against rogue men at all times is a truly disgraceful reflection of our society.\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>I didn’t report it because of \u003c/em>self-blame and because women who report rape suffer even more and rarely do they see justice. Especially when alcohol is involved.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>My life hasn’t been impacted by the rape specifically because I don’t remember it. My body has, however, stored the trauma in my ass, so I sometimes have a panic attack and start crying during anal sex with my current partner. We are working through it together.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In terms of sexual harassment at concerts, this affects me by making me feel closed off at concerts, like I can’t wear what I want or dance the way I want without inviting creepers. This happens at some concerts more than others, and the difference is so palpable.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>When the men are being allies, it creates a safe space and it is clear that the women are having a much better time and feeling free.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>I haven’t heard much from the men’s side: how they are reacting to #MeToo and what they have noticed inside themselves.\u003c/strong> I want to hear what they are doing to make changes when they perpetrate rape culture and see it happening around them.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp style=\"text-align: right\">\u003cstrong>\u003cem>— Becca, 25, San Francisco\u003c/em>\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003caside class=\"aligncenter noborder\">\n\u003ctable>\n\u003ctbody>\n\u003ctr>\n\u003ctd>\u003ca href=\"#home\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"aligncenter size-full wp-image-11420594\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2018/12/home_rectangle_blue.png\" width=\"200\" height=\"50\">\u003c/a>\u003c/td>\n\u003ctd>\u003ca href=\"#public\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"aligncenter size-full wp-image-11420594\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2018/12/PUBLIC_rectangle_green.png\" width=\"200\" height=\"50\">\u003c/a>\u003c/td>\n\u003ctd>\u003ca href=\"#work\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"aligncenter size-full wp-image-11420594\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2018/12/work_rectangle_purple.png\" width=\"200\" height=\"50\">\u003c/a>\u003c/td>\n\u003ctd>\u003ca href=\"#outing\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"aligncenter size-full wp-image-11420594\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2018/12/socialevent_rectangle_bluepurple.png\" width=\"200\" height=\"50\">\u003c/a>\u003c/td>\n\u003c/tr>\n\u003c/tbody>\n\u003c/table>\n\u003c/aside>\n\u003ch2 id=\"public\">\u003cstrong>It happened in public\u003c/strong>\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>[dropcap]I[/dropcap] have two stories I would like to share.\u003cbr>\nThe first was a physical assault, the second workplace harassment.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>When I was 25, I was a preschool teacher at a school in the Outer Mission. One night I was locking up the building by myself. As I was leaving and locking the front door from the street, (the door was in a little alcove), I was grabbed from behind by two men. One put his hands on me as if to hold me in place (I was so scared I didn’t move anyway). The other man put his hand under my coat and grabbed me between my legs. Full crotch grab. It only lasted 30 seconds or so, but it was enough time for me to feel completely vulnerable and at risk.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>When they let go, they walked down Mission laughing. They were intoxicated. It was only 6:30 p.m.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>I ran across the street and walked parallel to the men on the other side of the street. I was so angry and felt so violated. I wanted to do something.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>After about a block of shadowing them, I flagged down a passing cop car. I told them what happened and they had me sit in the back of the squad car. We followed the men and they ducked into a bar when they noticed they are being followed by the car.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The cops go in and bring the two men out in cuffs. It takes 20 minutes for an interpreter to arrive after it is established that neither man speaks English and both are in this country illegally.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>While waiting, one officer fills out a report with me. \u003cstrong>After we are done going over every little detail, the cop informs me that it would have been “better” if the man who grabbed me had made contact with my skin\u003c/strong>, as that would be an entirely different and more serious charge.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>After the report was filled out, I began my commute home for the night, case number in hand. I was told I would have to testify against the men and that someone would contact me “if the case went anywhere.” I never heard a single thing about this case and to this day have no idea what happened to the men.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Another experience I had was a very toxic work environment with rampant sexual harassment.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>I worked shortly for a company that connected behavioral therapists with families with children on the autism spectrum. When I was in the interview process, some semi-inappropriate language was used. I didn’t think too much of it.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>A friend of mine worked for the company and got me the interview. I was told by the hiring manager that my friend had put in a good word and had said that “I was cool” and “could hang,” on reference to the inappropriate comments. I was being tested to see if I would say anything. I guess I passed because I was hired.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The company was very small and the employees were tight-knit. It was quickly clear that almost every person within the office (excluding my friend) had very inappropriate relationships with each other. Employees were sleeping together, constantly talking about their sex lives and making inappropriate sexual jokes about each other.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11635463\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 800px\">\u003ca href=\"Kate,%2028,%20San%20Francisco\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-medium wp-image-11635463\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2017/12/RS28358_skin_metoo_green_small_gradient-qut-800x450.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"800\" height=\"450\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2017/12/RS28358_skin_metoo_green_small_gradient-qut-800x450.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2017/12/RS28358_skin_metoo_green_small_gradient-qut-160x90.jpg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2017/12/RS28358_skin_metoo_green_small_gradient-qut-1020x574.jpg 1020w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2017/12/RS28358_skin_metoo_green_small_gradient-qut.jpg 1920w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2017/12/RS28358_skin_metoo_green_small_gradient-qut-1180x664.jpg 1180w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2017/12/RS28358_skin_metoo_green_small_gradient-qut-960x540.jpg 960w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2017/12/RS28358_skin_metoo_green_small_gradient-qut-240x135.jpg 240w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2017/12/RS28358_skin_metoo_green_small_gradient-qut-375x211.jpg 375w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2017/12/RS28358_skin_metoo_green_small_gradient-qut-520x293.jpg 520w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Kate, 28, San Francisco \u003ccite>(Miranda Leitsinger/KQED)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>The jokes, stories and culture was spearheaded by the CEO. He was the most inappropriate, unprofessional person I have ever worked for. I was so uncomfortable every day.\u003cstrong> Interactions ranged from the CEO guessing what I “was like in bed” to hosting “staff meetings” at strip clubs on Broadway.\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The staff consistently went out to lunches to drink together (with the CEO paying). It was a mess. I was never physically touched or propositioned, but I still felt very uncomfortable.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>I was often made fun of for not drinking at these meetings or joining in games like “never have I ever.” I left the job after a few months. I felt like I couldn’t “hang” after all.\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In the work situation, I never told anyone how uncomfortable I was because I felt like I was the odd man out, so I left.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>As a result of the first incident, I often feel nervous about walking alone at night or locking up at work. I feel like I look over my shoulder a lot more than I should, just feeling like at anytime anyone could put their hands on me.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>These are just two stories that come to the top of my mind when asked about this subject. As a woman, I have experienced and witnessed harassment countless times. I’m glad we’re finally talking openly about it.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp style=\"text-align: right\">\u003cem>\u003cstrong>— Kate, 28, San Francisco\u003c/strong>\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>The content has been edited for format and clarity. \u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad floatright]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>If you submitted a story and don’t see it here, contact reporter Tonya Mosley: tmosley@kqed.org. We likely need your permission to share your story. And if you haven’t yet shared your story but want to, here is the form.\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\u003cdiv class=\"callout aligncenter\">[youTooForm]\u003c/div>\n\n",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>\u003ci>Reader advisory: Some of the accounts of sexual harassment and sexual assault in this story contain explicit details and strong language that some may find painful, upsetting or objectionable.\u003c/i>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>This fall, after several high-profile men were accused of sexual misconduct, we began thinking about ways to tell the sexual harassment experiences of people in the Bay Area. We launched a call for stories in November, and within days, people began sharing detailed accounts of harassment, assault and rape — at work, at home or in their communities, at social events and in public.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Some shared in great detail the incidents, like inappropriate advances at school or harassment in the workplace (“I don’t feel safe at work,” one woman wrote). Some of the abuse was at the hands of strangers, while others reported experiencing it from a colleague or a loved one they trusted.\u003c/p>\n\u003caside class=\"alignright noborder\" style=\"padding: 20px\">Click on the boxes below\u003cbr>\nto read a specific\u003cbr>\nset of stories.\n\u003ctable>\n\u003ctbody>\n\u003ctr>\n\u003ctd>\u003ca href=\"#home\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"aligncenter size-full wp-image-11420594\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2018/12/home_rectangle_blue.png\" width=\"200\" height=\"50\">\u003c/a>\u003c/td>\n\u003c/tr>\n\u003ctr>\n\u003ctd>\u003ca href=\"#public\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"aligncenter size-full wp-image-11420594\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2018/12/PUBLIC_rectangle_green.png\" width=\"200\" height=\"50\">\u003c/a>\u003c/td>\n\u003c/tr>\n\u003ctr>\n\u003ctd>\u003ca href=\"#outing\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"aligncenter size-full wp-image-11420594\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2018/12/socialevent_rectangle_bluepurple.png\" width=\"200\" height=\"50\">\u003c/a>\u003c/td>\n\u003c/tr>\n\u003ctr>\n\u003ctd>\u003ca href=\"#work\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"aligncenter size-full wp-image-11420594\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2018/12/work_rectangle_purple.png\" width=\"200\" height=\"50\">\u003c/a>\u003c/td>\n\u003c/tr>\n\u003c/tbody>\n\u003c/table>\n\u003c/aside>\n\u003cp>Almost everyone who completed the survey shared in detail how these encounters have shaped their lives. Some reported leaving the workforce or switching careers. Others shared how an unwanted sexual advance made them forever lose self-confidence, fear or question the motives of others, or embolden them to be stronger.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Most of the nearly 100 respondents were women, ranging in age from 23 to 78. They work in the service industry, tech, medicine, academia, real estate — the list spans across just about every sector. They are from San Francisco, San Jose, Oakland and other Bay Area communities.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Almost everyone I know has a story,” one woman wrote. “I can’t imagine living in a world without this happening.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>We’ve decided to use this space to share the stories you’ve shared with us so you can learn about what others have gone through and how they have responded. They are organized, generally, by where the harassment occurred. One woman told us, “It wasn’t until I told my secret did I feel free.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Some of the respondents are named. Others have asked to be anonymous. \u003cem>If you submitted a story and don’t see it here, contact us (information at the end of the story).\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>We have omitted the names of the perpetrators, locations and other identifying information, and we used italics to note where a question was being answered, and boldface for emphasis. This page will be continually updated as we receive your stories.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Thank you.\u003c/p>\n\u003ch2 id=\"work\">\u003cstrong>It happened at work\u003c/strong>\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003cspan class=\"utils-parseShortcode-shortcodes-__dropcapShortcode__dropcap\">A\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\u003cp> company executive makes constant outrageous comments about women’s bodies, brags about the size of his penis, and has offered to double salaries of attractive women to move to his team.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>At one point, someone did file a complaint and there was an investigation, and although the investigator found evidence of harassment, the employee was fired and the executive not reprimanded.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>I reported it; \u003c/em>nothing happened, executives make excuses, HR continually tells employees, “Oh, you just misunderstood, you should go talk to him about it.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Now everyone is afraid of reporting behavior because they are afraid of being fired. Company morale is suffering, we are losing good people because of this. And the execs just keep covering for each other.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>One senior manager spoke out and was fired on the spot. As a result, the rest of us live under this threat, with a sinking feeling of despair that employees are being negatively impacted and we are powerless to do anything. \u003cstrong>Bottom line, I would not want my wife or daughter working for this company.\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>To me, the difficult thing is official harassment includes some quid pro quo, i.e., have sex with me to get a promotion.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In our company, it isn’t necessarily that. It is more about executives making degrading comments about women and minorities to their faces, in group meetings and even company meetings. It creates a very hostile work environment, but harassment laws seem gray about this since no quid pro quo is implied.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp style=\"text-align: right\">\u003cstrong>\u003cem>— John, high-tech, executive/upper management, 53, San Jose\u003c/em>\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003cspan class=\"utils-parseShortcode-shortcodes-__dropcapShortcode__dropcap\">I\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\u003cp> was 19 and had a summer job at a small company.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Part of my job involved filing paperwork in a wall of filing cabinets. I learned to do that by squatting or waiting until the manager wasn’t around because if I bent over the filing cabinet, I would often find him standing right behind me. He never once made physical contact, and I had never heard the term “sexual harassment” at the time.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>One day, my beautiful mother stopped by with a lunch I’d forgotten, and from then on he was always asking me when my mom was coming back.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Not surprisingly, that company went through a lot of people in the job I was doing (it was summer and I was the seventh person in the role).\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>I didn’t report it because \u003c/em>it was just an annoyance and I was young and naive.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>I have thankfully never personally encountered anything like that since. I have worked in the high-tech industry for respectful managers and with respectful co-workers.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>I had one co-worker who started calling me “sweetheart” and I asked him to stop. When he didn’t, I told him I’d asked him to stop. We were both married to other people and I didn’t want anyone to get the wrong impression of his relationship to me.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>When he continued doing it, I told him that his behavior bordered on harassment and he apologized and never did it again. We continued to have a good working relationship after that.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>I think all of the publicity will benefit particularly young women starting out in the workplace, so they won’t be as naive as I was.\u003c/strong> People are seeing there are consequences. Now if only that could extend to the president …\u003c/p>\n\u003cp style=\"text-align: right\">\u003cstrong>\u003cem>— Michelle, IT consultant, staff, 55, Campbell\u003c/em>\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11635461\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 800px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-medium wp-image-11635461\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2017/12/RS28359_leave_metoo_purple_small_gradient-qut-800x450.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"800\" height=\"450\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2017/12/RS28359_leave_metoo_purple_small_gradient-qut-800x450.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2017/12/RS28359_leave_metoo_purple_small_gradient-qut-160x90.jpg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2017/12/RS28359_leave_metoo_purple_small_gradient-qut-1020x574.jpg 1020w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2017/12/RS28359_leave_metoo_purple_small_gradient-qut.jpg 1920w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2017/12/RS28359_leave_metoo_purple_small_gradient-qut-1180x664.jpg 1180w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2017/12/RS28359_leave_metoo_purple_small_gradient-qut-960x540.jpg 960w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2017/12/RS28359_leave_metoo_purple_small_gradient-qut-240x135.jpg 240w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2017/12/RS28359_leave_metoo_purple_small_gradient-qut-375x211.jpg 375w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2017/12/RS28359_leave_metoo_purple_small_gradient-qut-520x293.jpg 520w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Jill, tech, staff, 50, San Jose \u003ccite>(Miranda Leitsinger/KQED)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003cspan class=\"utils-parseShortcode-shortcodes-__dropcapShortcode__dropcap\">A\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\u003cp>t the age of 18, I started working in what was then a male-dominated industry, the restaurant industry.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>I worked in the kitchen, and most jobs I was either the only woman — or one of two.\u003cstrong> It was “normal” kitchen behavior for men to be sexually harassing. I had to have a thick skin and basically continue to tell people to F-off.\u003c/strong> I would go through this cycle with each new job until everyone got the picture that I was not taking it.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>As a woman, I had to work twice as hard and never show any weakness to be accepted and to advance in the kitchen.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>I worked for a French man who didn’t think women belonged in professional kitchens, and he would hit me on the forehead if he walked by and I wasn’t slicing the apples all the exact same thickness for the galettes. I did not see him do this to any men.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>I eventually became in charge of a kitchen and was able to create a female-respected environment where we had no tolerance for such behavior. That was at the age of 44!\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>I didn’t report it out of \u003c/em>fear. I was in an abusive relationship and being manipulated.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>\u003cem>It has impacted my life in that \u003c/em>I am an advocate for other women.\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>I think most women in the restaurant industry, either back of house or front of the house have experienced sexual harassment — it is rampant in that industry.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Thank you for the opportunity to share my experience.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp style=\"text-align: right\">\u003cem>\u003cstrong>— Michaela, pastry chef transitioning to paralegal, manager/supervisor, 47, San Francisco\u003c/strong>\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003cspan class=\"utils-parseShortcode-shortcodes-__dropcapShortcode__dropcap\">I\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\u003cp>t was the late ’80s and I was a 20-year-old working as an engineering aide. A lead trained me and another young woman. Unfortunately, our lead became very interested in me (even though he was married).\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>At that time, I had no car and rode the bus for transportation. He would stalk me at the bus stop, asking if I wanted a ride home. He was so persistent, so I accepted rides from him several times. At work, he started flirting with me and making suggestive comments.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The other woman noticed he was stalking me and became worried. We decided to ignore him.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The next time he asked if I wanted a ride home, I declined. He became irate and would make crude comments to both of us like, “What’s the matter? Is your tampon crammed into you too hard?” and continue to follow us around work and make suggestive/lewd comments that everyone could hear.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>We finally had enough; my co-worker and I reported it to management. They took our complaint kind of serious: I was moved to another department and my co-worker still worked in the same department as the harasser but in a different cubicle.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Everyone knew we reported him and most made jokes behind our backs.\u003cstrong> My only option was to leave the company and seek employment elsewhere.\u003c/strong> Three decades later, I’m still bitter about how it was handled and honestly wished I never said anything.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>To this day I’m a little uncomfortable around men managers.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>A few years back, I was interviewed by a woman and man. The man interviewer told my reference I wouldn’t look at him — only the woman. I never noticed my behavior toward men. I was glad for the constructive feedback my reference shared with me!\u003c/p>\n\u003cp style=\"text-align: right\">\u003cstrong>\u003cem>— Jill, tech, staff, 50, San Jose\u003c/em>\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003cspan class=\"utils-parseShortcode-shortcodes-__dropcapShortcode__dropcap\">I\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\u003cp> had gone to brunch with my mentor, whom I’ve know since I was 15 years old. I am, at the time of this story, 33. Every so often we would go catch up, have a meal and talk about my work and family, him being recently retired, and his family.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>We were sitting there and gabbing away (when) he out of the blue said, “Ya know what, I could get you pregnant. It’s the only thing this old man could give you because you are a successful, good-hearted person and able to take care of yourself with your own career. So let me know if you would like to take me up on that offer. … It’s the only way you’ll ever get to have a baby. … You don’t have time to date.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>I was floored, to say the least. I was hurt, shocked and really beside myself. I stopped speaking to him after that. I didn’t know how to look a man in the face after those words.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>I didn’t report it because … Who was I going to tell??? His wife or his girlfriend??? I don’t think anyone would have believed this story anyway.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>I did later tell a friend and she just laughed it off: “How do you meet these people? That’s so rude of him to tell you, you’re drying up!!!”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>My life was impacted by the fact that I felt I couldn’t have a professional and platonic relationship with a person without it ever turning sideways. \u003cstrong>I do not socialize with people of the opposite gender when I do have work things or when I am invited out by former co-workers to celebrate others’ achievements. I just remove myself from the situation altogether.\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp style=\"text-align: right\">\u003cstrong>\u003cem>— Teacher, manager/supervisor, 34, San Jose\u003c/em>\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003cspan class=\"utils-parseShortcode-shortcodes-__dropcapShortcode__dropcap\">V\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\u003cp>arious men (customers, not colleagues) have made comments toward me, unprovoked: “sweetheart,” “nice legs,” “hello gorgeous,” whistling, making kissing noises.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>I reported it to a male colleague who has a good rapport with customers and behavior stopped. However, one particular customer now glares pointedly, which I believe is a reaction.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>This affected my life/career in that it \u003c/em>makes me feel “less than” or like I need to take up less space and sink into the background.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp style=\"text-align: right\">\u003cstrong>\u003cem>— Marleah, librarian, manager/supervisor \u003c/em>\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003caside class=\"aligncenter noborder\">\n\u003ctable>\n\u003ctbody>\n\u003ctr>\n\u003ctd>\u003ca href=\"#home\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"aligncenter size-full wp-image-11420594\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2018/12/home_rectangle_blue.png\" width=\"200\" height=\"50\">\u003c/a>\u003c/td>\n\u003ctd>\u003ca href=\"#public\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"aligncenter size-full wp-image-11420594\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2018/12/PUBLIC_rectangle_green.png\" width=\"200\" height=\"50\">\u003c/a>\u003c/td>\n\u003ctd>\u003ca href=\"#work\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"aligncenter size-full wp-image-11420594\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2018/12/work_rectangle_purple.png\" width=\"200\" height=\"50\">\u003c/a>\u003c/td>\n\u003ctd>\u003ca href=\"#outing\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"aligncenter size-full wp-image-11420594\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2018/12/socialevent_rectangle_bluepurple.png\" width=\"200\" height=\"50\">\u003c/a>\u003c/td>\n\u003c/tr>\n\u003c/tbody>\n\u003c/table>\n\u003c/aside>\n\u003ch2 id=\"home\">\u003cb>It happened at home, in my community\u003c/b>\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003cspan class=\"utils-parseShortcode-shortcodes-__dropcapShortcode__dropcap\">R\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\u003cp>aped at 16 by a 26-year-old that I met at a party.\u003cbr>\n2) My aunt’s husband exposed himself to me at age 10.\u003cbr>\n3) A couple of boys trapped me in a laundry room and groped me at age 8.\u003cbr>\n4) Raped in the military at age 21 by an officer.\u003cbr>\n5) Attempted date rape at age 28, but I fought back and he fled.\u003cbr>\n6) Raped at knifepoint at age 30 by ex-boyfriend.\u003cbr>\n7) Raped at age 51 by a fireman that I met at a bar.\u003cbr>\n8) Physically assaulted and hospitalized by new boyfriend at age 51.\u003cbr>\n9) Physically assaulted while dating at age 52.\u003cbr>\n10) Physically assaulted, carjacked and robbed at age 52.\u003cbr>\n11) My mother was physically and sexually assaulted by my stepfather.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>I didn’t report because\u003c/em> I was ashamed and fearful of not being believed or retaliation.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>It has affected my life or career in that\u003c/em> \u003cstrong>it has impacted my self-esteem, ability to trust, my judgments, general fearfulness and outlook on the world.\u003c/strong> My career was impacted during the military and caused me to not re-enlist when I had wanted to stay and retire.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp style=\"text-align: right\">\u003cstrong>\u003cem>— Mary St. Clair, social worker, Oakland, manager/supervisor, 55\u003c/em>\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003cspan class=\"utils-parseShortcode-shortcodes-__dropcapShortcode__dropcap\">W\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\u003cp>hile a 14-year-old freshman, I was raped by my boyfriend. He was a junior at the same high school and wanted me to have sex with him. I was a virgin at the time and not ready for sex so I repeatedly told him, “No.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>So he, along with some friends, played a drinking game with me. While I drank alcohol, he only pretended to drink so that he could rape me.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>After I was really drunk, he took me into the woods and forced me to have sexual intercourse. I don’t remember much except that I was sore the next day. I stopped talking to him and wouldn’t return his phone calls. He eventually “broke up with me” and started dating someone else.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>\u003cem>I didn’t report it because \u003c/em>I was a 14-year-old teenager who had been illegally drinking alcohol.\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>While my life has been impacted by the rape, I don’t feel like going into the details at this time. I will say that I worked as a domestic violence/sexual assault counselor for 15 years.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp style=\"text-align: right\">\u003cstrong>\u003cem>— Sarah, database coordinator at public agency, manager/supervisor, 48, Oakland\u003c/em>\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003cspan class=\"utils-parseShortcode-shortcodes-__dropcapShortcode__dropcap\">W\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\u003cp>here should I begin? With the boys in my class that snapped my bra in seventh grade? With the perverted mechanics my dad worked with that always hit on me when I was a teenager?\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Perhaps I should share the multitude of stories that have blurred together throughout my life. Or perhaps we could talk about the overt sexualization of women in media and how that has played into my own sense of self, style, behavior and decision-making.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Let’s arbitrarily start when I was a teenager and I worked at a pizza place through the latter half of high school. At a company holiday party one year, we were all drinking and hanging out (yes, they served alcohol to minors back then) and late in the evening my manager tried to make me sit on his lap telling me how “beautiful” I was.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Despite all efforts to resist and my clear discomfort with the situation, he physically forced me onto his lap where I sat silently and awkwardly until he was done with whatever story he was telling.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Then there was the guy I dated from age 17-19 and lived with from 18-19, who became an alcoholic and a drug addict. I was young and knew I was in a bad relationship but didn’t know how to leave.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>As things worsened, I was no longer attracted to him, but he guilted me into sex over and over again, telling me it was my responsibility as his girlfriend. Each time we fucked, \u003cstrong>I silently complied, emotionally numbing myself so I could meet my obligations. I didn’t realize until years later, but it was like being raped over and over.\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>How about the time I brought my car in for repairs while living abroad and the mechanic offered to ride with me to my flat and then drive my car back to the shop since the repairs would take a few days to complete?\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>As a student trying to save money, I accepted his offer — only to be molested on the ride back. Luckily, I had some rather large male friends who came with me to pick the car up when it was done to protect me and get me a hefty discount for my “troubles.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>I’ve seen men masturbate in public while looking at me and my friends.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>I’ve been told by managers not to cry because they don’t know how to deal with “things that cry, like babies, dogs and women.”\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>I have a female friend that was raped at the university I attended in South Africa, and she contracted HIV and had to drop out of school.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>And this includes the hundreds of catcalls and preying looks of men that have sprinkled my entire adult life.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Given the constant low-level harassment I experienced, I would say that the effects have led me to act a bit oversexualized in my interactions with men, believing that if I’m not pretty or complacent that I won’t be liked or successful.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>I realize now that I am in my mid-30s that most of my interactions with men in my 20s were unnecessarily flirtatious, that I’ve developed a dirty sense of humor as a coping mechanism, and I don’t fully trust men to ever just be my friend.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>I’m in a really supportive long-term relationship now, but I had a pretty promiscuous past, avoiding deep connections, belittling men the way they belittled me.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>I can’t make direct correlations between these experiences and my career, but \u003cstrong>I’m certainly not as successful as I probably could have been without the weird relationship I have to men and the constant pressure to be submissive, to “just be cool.”\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>I know that men in positions of power make me uneasy, that I clam up when I have to present findings at work to upper management, and I certainly prefer to work with women and members of the LGBTQ community.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp style=\"text-align: right\">\u003cstrong>\u003cem>— Sarah, data analyst, Oakland, 36, staff\u003c/em>\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11635462\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 800px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-medium wp-image-11635462\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2017/12/RS28357_free_metoo_blue_small_gradient-qut-800x450.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"800\" height=\"450\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2017/12/RS28357_free_metoo_blue_small_gradient-qut-800x450.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2017/12/RS28357_free_metoo_blue_small_gradient-qut-160x90.jpg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2017/12/RS28357_free_metoo_blue_small_gradient-qut-1020x574.jpg 1020w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2017/12/RS28357_free_metoo_blue_small_gradient-qut.jpg 1920w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2017/12/RS28357_free_metoo_blue_small_gradient-qut-1180x664.jpg 1180w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2017/12/RS28357_free_metoo_blue_small_gradient-qut-960x540.jpg 960w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2017/12/RS28357_free_metoo_blue_small_gradient-qut-240x135.jpg 240w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2017/12/RS28357_free_metoo_blue_small_gradient-qut-375x211.jpg 375w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2017/12/RS28357_free_metoo_blue_small_gradient-qut-520x293.jpg 520w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Jane, legal/compliance, manager/supervisor, 55, San Francisco \u003ccite>(Miranda Leitsinger/KQED)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003cspan class=\"utils-parseShortcode-shortcodes-__dropcapShortcode__dropcap\">I\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\u003cp> was sexually abused as a child by my best friend’s father for several years. I never told anyone until I was in my mid-40s.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>I did intensive therapy and it was the best thing I ever did, as I realized how much it screwed up my life by keeping it a secret. I struggled with relationships and intimacy, and \u003cstrong>it wasn’t until I told my secret did I feel free. \u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In addition to telling my family, I also reported it to the police as thankfully there is no statute of limitations in Maryland. This was huge for me as I felt I was finally confronting my abuser.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>I didn’t report it because \u003c/em>I was afraid and ashamed. I felt it was my fault. I was a young child and none of it made sense.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>It impacted my life in that \u003c/em>I’ve struggled with intimate relationships. I threw myself into sports and my work to block out what happened to me. As a result, I became successful in my career.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Keeping the abuse a secret impacts victims in very negative ways. You don’t realize how much until you have gone through therapy.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Women tend to become addicts and men become abusers; it’s a cycle that needs to stop.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp style=\"text-align: right\">\u003cstrong>\u003cem>— Jane, legal/compliance, manager/supervisor, 55, San Francisco\u003c/em>\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003cspan class=\"utils-parseShortcode-shortcodes-__dropcapShortcode__dropcap\">B\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\u003cp>eing a waitress while going to college I have way too many stories.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The first time was with a friend’s father who inappropriately touched me when I was 9. I never went back to that house.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The next time was at camp when I was 12 and the counselor was 17.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>I still work in a man’s world and feel the undermining, the lack of respect and the good old boys network around me that is threatened by my abilities.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>I didn’t report it because\u003c/em> I was too ashamed. I thought it was something I did wrong. I did not understand any of it yet. As you get older you either learn how to deal with it or you get married. I did both.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Even though I am in my late 50s, I just had an encounter with a 30-something man who would not go away at a conference. I go to fewer conferences and my husband comes with me.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>I have been fortunate to be able to handle the shame, and to be honest, it made me stronger and I began to be more assertive.\u003c/strong> Sometimes to the point of shocking the person — who did not see what they did as wrong. I call them out and am very upfront and blunt. I have even more confidence with confronting men who would do this to me and to other women.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>I think the most important thing to realize is the shock of men when you confront them — they laugh or don’t see that they have done anything wrong. They are the ones that need to get training. They see themselves as good people. It is the most important task — to get them to see that what they are doing is very wrong and bad. It is crucial.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>I have a son and you can bet he knows how to behave around women.\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp style=\"text-align: right\">\u003cem>— \u003cstrong>Educator, executive/upper management, 57\u003c/strong>\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003cspan class=\"utils-parseShortcode-shortcodes-__dropcapShortcode__dropcap\">I\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\u003cp> was gang-raped by teenage boys at my family’s church. They threatened to kill me if I told. I was 9, they were 15. I moved to California when I was in my 20s to feel safe, far away from the Boston area where this happened.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>I have a chronic illness of a debilitating thyroid disease from when he choked me. I cannot work despite two degrees. \u003cstrong>I have complex PTSD and doubt there will ever be justice for me.\u003c/strong> I live as best as I can and try to be kind to others.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp style=\"text-align: right\">\u003cstrong>\u003cem>— Melanie, 48, Boston and San Francisco\u003c/em>\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003caside class=\"aligncenter noborder\">\n\u003ctable>\n\u003ctbody>\n\u003ctr>\n\u003ctd>\u003ca href=\"#home\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"aligncenter size-full wp-image-11420594\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2018/12/home_rectangle_blue.png\" width=\"200\" height=\"50\">\u003c/a>\u003c/td>\n\u003ctd>\u003ca href=\"#public\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"aligncenter size-full wp-image-11420594\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2018/12/PUBLIC_rectangle_green.png\" width=\"200\" height=\"50\">\u003c/a>\u003c/td>\n\u003ctd>\u003ca href=\"#work\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"aligncenter size-full wp-image-11420594\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2018/12/work_rectangle_purple.png\" width=\"200\" height=\"50\">\u003c/a>\u003c/td>\n\u003ctd>\u003ca href=\"#outing\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"aligncenter size-full wp-image-11420594\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2018/12/socialevent_rectangle_bluepurple.png\" width=\"200\" height=\"50\">\u003c/a>\u003c/td>\n\u003c/tr>\n\u003c/tbody>\n\u003c/table>\n\u003c/aside>\n\u003ch2 id=\"outing\">\u003cstrong>It happened at a social event\u003c/strong>\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003cspan class=\"utils-parseShortcode-shortcodes-__dropcapShortcode__dropcap\">I\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\u003cp> was a freshman in college and went to a party with a group of friends from my dorm.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>One drank too much so I offered to help him back home; another dormmate came back with us. He (the other guy, not the drunk friend) started to make sexually suggestive and crude comments about what he wanted to do with me when we got back to the dorm. I asked him to stop but he wouldn’t and called me a tease for objecting to it.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>My drunk friend was too incapacitated to help. When we got back, the harasser persisted with his crude suggestions and wouldn’t leave, and I was afraid to go to my room alone. I basically stuck with my drunk friend for safety and had to listen to him go on about what a prude I was for not giving in to him; until eventually other people came back to the dorm and I could go to my room with an escort.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The next day I warned another girl about what happened; she told the harasser what I said and he confronted me and told me I had no right to smear his good name with other girls. I had to live in the same dorm as him for another eight months and avoided him as much as possible.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>I still see that guy on Facebook through mutual friends and at college reunions and it makes me sick to my stomach.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003ci>I didn’t report it because \u003c/i>I didn’t think it was something anyone would take seriously; I thought it was part of the stuff you learn to handle when you go off to college as an adult woman.\u003cstrong> I’m one of countless women who have been socialized to deal with this kind of stuff.\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>I haven’t been impacted much, but it’s been something I’ve kept quiet from almost all of our mutual friends for over 25 years.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp style=\"text-align: right\">\u003cstrong>\u003cem>— Cynthia Castro Sweet, scientist, manager/supervisor, 47, San Jose\u003c/em>\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003cspan class=\"utils-parseShortcode-shortcodes-__dropcapShortcode__dropcap\">N\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\u003cp>obody has successfully raped me.\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>When I was 12, a gray-bearded man followed me down the street in broad daylight, begging me to let him get me stoned. When I refused, he said, “Can I at least buy you some ice cream?”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>When I was 17, the owner of an Italian restaurant I worked at started laughing and chattering in Italian while he mimed bouncing and squeezing my breasts in his hands. He did this behind a counter, in full view of restaurant staff and customers. I quit the restaurant shortly after that happened, but luckily I have moved on from waiting tables.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>When I was in college, a truck full of angry men followed me and my friends around town one night, yelling things like, “I like them TATER TOTS!” and “What the fuck is wrong with you? I gave you a fucking compliment!”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Several years ago, I invited a man I was dating to come to my house. He was drunk and proceeded to aggressively try to paw at my roommate when she walked into the kitchen to say hello. I told him he was too drunk and needed to leave.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>He started screaming, calling me a “crazy bitch.” Then he stood outside of my front door, screaming, “I’ll fucking kill you bitches!”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>He did this until a passing stranger (who I guess was also drunk) took issue with all the screaming, attacked him and broke two of his ribs. The guy I was (no longer) dating later apologized, but he never really acknowledged how scary and awful his behavior was. Our mutual friends acted like nothing had happened.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>A charming young EMT who I met at a rock concert invited me on a date. He bought me a nice dinner at Nopa. He kept pushing alcohol on me, and I was having so much fun that I didn’t keep good track of my intake. Somehow, he convinced me to come back to his house where he convinced me to smoke pot and do cocaine — things I would normally never do in the house of a stranger on a first date.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>He then pressured me for several hours to have sex with him. I was feeling really uncomfortable but too intoxicated to safely leave on my own. He kept saying, “Before you leave you’re gonna suck my dick.” To be honest, I was really scared of the guy. He was very big and muscular. Eventually I told him I was tired and wanted to go to bed.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In bed, he immediately jumped on me. I screamed, “Get the fuck off of me!” Then I ran out of his room. He called after me, “You’re fucking crazy.” I walked home through the Mission to where I was living in Hayes Valley alone at around 4 a.m. The experience really messed with me. To be honest, I believe it has affected my ability to be intimate with people.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>A longtime and dear friend of mine grabbed my crotch while supposedly giving me a back rub. I told him not to do that and he apologized. Then he grabbed my crotch again. I yelled at him loud enough that, had I continued, I would have woken his girlfriend who was asleep in the other room.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>He refused to acknowledge what he’d done and occasionally still texts me to ask how I’m doing — as if he doesn’t understand why I’m not talking to him. It’s too bad because we had some good times.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>\u003cem>I didn’t report it because\u003c/em> I was never actually raped or physically injured.\u003c/strong> And the one case of workplace harassment was perpetrated by the owner of the company and in public.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp style=\"text-align: right\">\u003cstrong>\u003cem>— Female, data scientist, 34, Oakland\u003c/em>\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003cspan class=\"utils-parseShortcode-shortcodes-__dropcapShortcode__dropcap\">I\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\u003cp> was raped by the friend of a guy I was hooking up with when I was very drunk.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>I was 20, he was 33. I didn’t find out about it until months later and then it clicked why my underwear was in his friend’s room. This man is a middle school history teacher carrying on about his day as normal. The guy who I had been hooking up with, 31, (who let his friend rape me) would also have anal sex with me when I was very drunk and I would wake up surprised to have a sore ass.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>What happens more commonly to me occurs at concerts. Several forms of sexual harassment take place often. One common example is to have my butt or upper leg or the skin of my belly groped by a man as he walks by me.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Another is a man will come up behind me closely so that he is basically grinding on me, yet just far enough where I am doubting and questioning whether it’s intentional. This makes me uncomfortable and I cannot enjoy the concert when it’s happening.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>If I am dancing with another girl, I have several times had men googly-eyed forming a circle around us high-fiving each other and making us extremely uncomfortable.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Street harassment of course happens to every girl. It makes me uncomfortable because I like to stand up for myself, but often feel it is unsafe to do so alone on a dark street so I am forced to keep it inside.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>I have been followed on my bus route home and now carry pepper spray inches from my right hand on my backpack. \u003cstrong>The fact that I am encouraged to arm myself against rogue men at all times is a truly disgraceful reflection of our society.\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>I didn’t report it because of \u003c/em>self-blame and because women who report rape suffer even more and rarely do they see justice. Especially when alcohol is involved.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>My life hasn’t been impacted by the rape specifically because I don’t remember it. My body has, however, stored the trauma in my ass, so I sometimes have a panic attack and start crying during anal sex with my current partner. We are working through it together.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In terms of sexual harassment at concerts, this affects me by making me feel closed off at concerts, like I can’t wear what I want or dance the way I want without inviting creepers. This happens at some concerts more than others, and the difference is so palpable.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>When the men are being allies, it creates a safe space and it is clear that the women are having a much better time and feeling free.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>I haven’t heard much from the men’s side: how they are reacting to #MeToo and what they have noticed inside themselves.\u003c/strong> I want to hear what they are doing to make changes when they perpetrate rape culture and see it happening around them.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp style=\"text-align: right\">\u003cstrong>\u003cem>— Becca, 25, San Francisco\u003c/em>\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003caside class=\"aligncenter noborder\">\n\u003ctable>\n\u003ctbody>\n\u003ctr>\n\u003ctd>\u003ca href=\"#home\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"aligncenter size-full wp-image-11420594\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2018/12/home_rectangle_blue.png\" width=\"200\" height=\"50\">\u003c/a>\u003c/td>\n\u003ctd>\u003ca href=\"#public\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"aligncenter size-full wp-image-11420594\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2018/12/PUBLIC_rectangle_green.png\" width=\"200\" height=\"50\">\u003c/a>\u003c/td>\n\u003ctd>\u003ca href=\"#work\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"aligncenter size-full wp-image-11420594\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2018/12/work_rectangle_purple.png\" width=\"200\" height=\"50\">\u003c/a>\u003c/td>\n\u003ctd>\u003ca href=\"#outing\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"aligncenter size-full wp-image-11420594\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2018/12/socialevent_rectangle_bluepurple.png\" width=\"200\" height=\"50\">\u003c/a>\u003c/td>\n\u003c/tr>\n\u003c/tbody>\n\u003c/table>\n\u003c/aside>\n\u003ch2 id=\"public\">\u003cstrong>It happened in public\u003c/strong>\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003cspan class=\"utils-parseShortcode-shortcodes-__dropcapShortcode__dropcap\">I\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\u003cp> have two stories I would like to share.\u003cbr>\nThe first was a physical assault, the second workplace harassment.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>When I was 25, I was a preschool teacher at a school in the Outer Mission. One night I was locking up the building by myself. As I was leaving and locking the front door from the street, (the door was in a little alcove), I was grabbed from behind by two men. One put his hands on me as if to hold me in place (I was so scared I didn’t move anyway). The other man put his hand under my coat and grabbed me between my legs. Full crotch grab. It only lasted 30 seconds or so, but it was enough time for me to feel completely vulnerable and at risk.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>When they let go, they walked down Mission laughing. They were intoxicated. It was only 6:30 p.m.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>I ran across the street and walked parallel to the men on the other side of the street. I was so angry and felt so violated. I wanted to do something.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>After about a block of shadowing them, I flagged down a passing cop car. I told them what happened and they had me sit in the back of the squad car. We followed the men and they ducked into a bar when they noticed they are being followed by the car.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The cops go in and bring the two men out in cuffs. It takes 20 minutes for an interpreter to arrive after it is established that neither man speaks English and both are in this country illegally.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>While waiting, one officer fills out a report with me. \u003cstrong>After we are done going over every little detail, the cop informs me that it would have been “better” if the man who grabbed me had made contact with my skin\u003c/strong>, as that would be an entirely different and more serious charge.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>After the report was filled out, I began my commute home for the night, case number in hand. I was told I would have to testify against the men and that someone would contact me “if the case went anywhere.” I never heard a single thing about this case and to this day have no idea what happened to the men.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Another experience I had was a very toxic work environment with rampant sexual harassment.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>I worked shortly for a company that connected behavioral therapists with families with children on the autism spectrum. When I was in the interview process, some semi-inappropriate language was used. I didn’t think too much of it.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>A friend of mine worked for the company and got me the interview. I was told by the hiring manager that my friend had put in a good word and had said that “I was cool” and “could hang,” on reference to the inappropriate comments. I was being tested to see if I would say anything. I guess I passed because I was hired.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The company was very small and the employees were tight-knit. It was quickly clear that almost every person within the office (excluding my friend) had very inappropriate relationships with each other. Employees were sleeping together, constantly talking about their sex lives and making inappropriate sexual jokes about each other.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11635463\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 800px\">\u003ca href=\"Kate,%2028,%20San%20Francisco\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-medium wp-image-11635463\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2017/12/RS28358_skin_metoo_green_small_gradient-qut-800x450.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"800\" height=\"450\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2017/12/RS28358_skin_metoo_green_small_gradient-qut-800x450.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2017/12/RS28358_skin_metoo_green_small_gradient-qut-160x90.jpg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2017/12/RS28358_skin_metoo_green_small_gradient-qut-1020x574.jpg 1020w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2017/12/RS28358_skin_metoo_green_small_gradient-qut.jpg 1920w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2017/12/RS28358_skin_metoo_green_small_gradient-qut-1180x664.jpg 1180w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2017/12/RS28358_skin_metoo_green_small_gradient-qut-960x540.jpg 960w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2017/12/RS28358_skin_metoo_green_small_gradient-qut-240x135.jpg 240w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2017/12/RS28358_skin_metoo_green_small_gradient-qut-375x211.jpg 375w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2017/12/RS28358_skin_metoo_green_small_gradient-qut-520x293.jpg 520w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Kate, 28, San Francisco \u003ccite>(Miranda Leitsinger/KQED)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>The jokes, stories and culture was spearheaded by the CEO. He was the most inappropriate, unprofessional person I have ever worked for. I was so uncomfortable every day.\u003cstrong> Interactions ranged from the CEO guessing what I “was like in bed” to hosting “staff meetings” at strip clubs on Broadway.\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The staff consistently went out to lunches to drink together (with the CEO paying). It was a mess. I was never physically touched or propositioned, but I still felt very uncomfortable.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>I was often made fun of for not drinking at these meetings or joining in games like “never have I ever.” I left the job after a few months. I felt like I couldn’t “hang” after all.\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In the work situation, I never told anyone how uncomfortable I was because I felt like I was the odd man out, so I left.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>As a result of the first incident, I often feel nervous about walking alone at night or locking up at work. I feel like I look over my shoulder a lot more than I should, just feeling like at anytime anyone could put their hands on me.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>These are just two stories that come to the top of my mind when asked about this subject. As a woman, I have experienced and witnessed harassment countless times. I’m glad we’re finally talking openly about it.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp style=\"text-align: right\">\u003cem>\u003cstrong>— Kate, 28, San Francisco\u003c/strong>\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>The content has been edited for format and clarity. \u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"disqusTitle": "Bay Area Scientists Say Computers Can Develop Cancer Drugs 6 Times Faster",
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"content": "\u003cp>The average time to \u003ca href=\"http://njms.rutgers.edu/gsbs/olc/fmtm/resources/improvepharmaNatureDrugDisc.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">identify a new cancer\u003c/a> drug is six years. Since \u003ca href=\"https://www.cdc.gov/cancer/dcpc/data/types.htm\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">one of every four deaths\u003c/a> in the U.S. is due to cancer, a lot of lives could be saved if that drug development time could be cut down to just a year.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Cancer researchers at UCSF and computer scientists at Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory are \u003ca href=\"https://www.llnl.gov/news/public-private-consortium-aims-cut-preclinical-cancer-drug-discovery-six-years-just-one\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">partnering\u003c/a> with researchers from the National Cancer Institute's Frederick National Laboratory and pharmaceutical giant GlaxoSmithKline (GSK) in an attempt to do just that. Members of the consortium hope to use supercomputing power to significantly slash the time needed to\u003cstrong> \u003c/strong>screen potential cancer drugs and bring them to human trials.\u003c/p>\n\u003caside class=\"pullquote alignright\">'These projects were completely and utterly just a pipe dream 10 years ago.'\u003ccite>Aedin Culhane,\u003cbr>\nDana-Farber Cancer Institute\u003c/cite>\u003c/aside>\n\u003cp>\"We're rolling on this, and it's really exciting,\" says \u003ca href=\"http://cancer.ucsf.edu/people/profiles/ashworth_alan\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Alan Ashworth\u003c/a>, president of the Helen Diller Family Comprehensive Cancer Center at UCSF. The university is committing $750,000 annually plus researchers and lab space, Ashworth says.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>GSK is contributing a vast store of data concerning 2 million molecules that could lead to cancer drugs. The data trove also includes 500 compounds that failed in the development process. The combination of the huge data set with information on failed drugs will be key to training the project's algorithms to understand how compounds interact with the human body.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>A Long Process\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Ashworth was one of the scientists who, in 1995, discovered the gene BRCA2, which increases the risk of developing inherited breast cancer. It took 10 years from discovery of the drug to the treatment of cancer related to that mutation, he said, and another 9 years before the drug was licensed.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The reason cancer drug development can take so long is that most testing is done with actual molecules — millions of them in order to find one that might become an effective drug in treating a particular type of cancer.\u003c/p>\n\u003caside class=\"pullquote alignright\">'I honestly don’t see how throwing lots of computers at the problem will speed up preclinical cancer-drug discovery.'\u003ccite>Steven Salzberg, Johns Hopkins University\u003c/cite>\u003c/aside>\n\u003cp>For each molecule, researchers create dozens of iterations in a process called \"optimization,\" altering the molecule to find the most effective form. Chemists have to create every modification in the lab, so researchers can test each one for toxic effects and efficacy. Just one toxicology study on one molecule takes 18 months, says Michelle Arkin, an associate professor in the UCSF School of Pharmacy. If the molecule fails, you start over.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But if you could test these same molecules in a supercomputer programmed to understand the relevant biological relationships, it would significantly streamline the process — a computer can do in seconds what may take days or weeks in a lab.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The consortium, called ATOM, for Accelerating Therapeutics for Opportunities in Medicine, believes computing power has finally reached the point where it can aid in the process.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"There's been a revolution in machine learning,\" says Jim Brase, the deputy associate director for computation at Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[contextly_sidebar id=\"YVRKeVHRwPaovC2VxmUgK3PIxKAyVlyu\"]In the past, Brase says, when scientists wanted to analyze a large set of data, they had to tell the computer what interactions to search for in determining how a drug molecule might affect a specific protein in a particular type of tumor.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But now, Brase says, scientists believe they can teach a computer the fundamentals of biology so it can learn to identify which relationships might be effective and which could be useless or toxic.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Success will depend on scientists' ability to push computer learning to new levels.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Stacie Calad-Thomson, operations, planning and strategy director with GSK, says the consortium will take the first two years of the project to develop algorithms. After that, the goal is to identify an effective drug and take it to human trials -- all within one year.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The original data donated by GSK will remain private, says Mary Anne Rhyne, the company's director of corporate communications. But any resulting drug-testing tools will be made publicly available.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Reasons for Skepticism and Hope\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The goals of computer-assisted drug development and personalized medicine have been around for a \u003ca href=\"https://web.archive.org/web/20080513083401/http://www.isgtw.org:80/?pid=1000993\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">long time, \u003c/a>and many of these efforts have disappointed.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Earlier this year \u003ca href=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/futureofyou/2017/09/06/ibm-pitched-its-watson-supercomputer-as-a-revolution-in-cancer-care-its-nowhere-close/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">STAT\u003c/a>, as well as watchdog site\u003ca href=\"https://www.healthnewsreview.org/2017/02/md-anderson-cancer-centers-ibm-watson-project-fails-journalism-related/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"> Health News Review, \u003c/a>reported on the failed collaboration between the M.D. Anderson Cancer Center and IBM's Watson, which sought to make personal cancer treatment recommendations and match patients to clinical trials. Behind the largely positive news coverage, the project did not work as hoped. (\u003ca href=\"https://medcitynews.com/2017/02/mayo-clinic-cio-ai-stuff-really-real/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Not everyone agrees\u003c/a> it's been a bust.)\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Meanwhile, the company's \u003ca href=\"https://www.ibm.com/watson/health/life-sciences/drug-discovery/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Watson for Drug Discovery\u003c/a> program is hoping candidate drugs it identified as potential treatment for Parkinson's disease will prove to work. And IBM and Pfizer \u003ca href=\"https://www.forbes.com/sites/brucejapsen/2016/12/01/pfizer-partners-with-ibm-watson-to-advance-cancer-drug-discovery/#68904ce21b1e\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">announced a collaboration\u003c/a> in 2016 to use Watson to accelerate cancer drug discovery.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Dr. Steven Salzberg, director of the Center for Computational Biology at the McKusick-Nathans Institute of Genetic Medicine at Johns Hopkins University, is skeptical of such supercomputing efforts.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"I honestly don't see how throwing lots of computers at the problem will speed up preclinical cancer drug discovery,\" he says. \"It's the classic problem where when your only tool is a hammer, everything looks like a nail.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"We all need computers for research, so that's good. But cutting drug discovery from 6 years down to 1? That sounds implausible to me.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But at the Dana-Farber Cancer Institute at Harvard, Aedin Culhane, who is also a researcher in the Department of Biostatistics, is more optimistic. Yes, the idea of computer-assisted drug discovery has been around for a long time, she says, but it's only now that it's finally matured.\u003c/p>\n\u003caside class=\"pullquote alignright\">'I think there are a confluence of things that give this a better shot now than we had in the past.'\u003ccite>John Baldoni, GlaxoSmithKline\u003c/cite>\u003c/aside>\n\u003cp>\"These projects were completely and utterly just a pipe dream 10 years ago,\" says Culhane. \"And now we have more and better data, and we're learning more day by day. Given good data, the machines can learn, and I'm very hopeful about it. Much more than I was 10 years ago.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>She finds ATOM's intent to publish negative results especially interesting. \"Because that's something that is missing. Academics rarely publish negative results, and pharma even more so.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Re-examing old data in the light of new information, she says, can sometimes offer novel insights. Perhaps researchers misunderstood how a failed drug was working in the body the first time around; or maybe reviewing its off-target effects in light of new discoveries related to tumors will reveal a deeper understanding of biochemistry.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>John Baldoni, senior vice president for computerized drug screening at GSK, says that not only are data more abundant, but the engineering required for computer-based analysis is more sophisticated.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>He also believes researchers will be able to draw on software advancements in fields like facial recognition and dimensional analysis.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"We have applications in other sectors that are analogous to the applications that we want to develop in the pharma sector,\" he said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The technology is also starting to demonstrate results, according to Baldoni. He points to clinical testing of molecules discovered by computer algorithms from \u003ca href=\"http://www.nimbustx.com/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Nimbus Therapeutics\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad floatright]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"What I would say to a skeptic,\" he says, \"is 'You might be right.' But I hope they're not. I think there are a confluence of things that give this a better shot now than we had in the past.\"\u003c/p>\n\n",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>The average time to \u003ca href=\"http://njms.rutgers.edu/gsbs/olc/fmtm/resources/improvepharmaNatureDrugDisc.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">identify a new cancer\u003c/a> drug is six years. Since \u003ca href=\"https://www.cdc.gov/cancer/dcpc/data/types.htm\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">one of every four deaths\u003c/a> in the U.S. is due to cancer, a lot of lives could be saved if that drug development time could be cut down to just a year.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Cancer researchers at UCSF and computer scientists at Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory are \u003ca href=\"https://www.llnl.gov/news/public-private-consortium-aims-cut-preclinical-cancer-drug-discovery-six-years-just-one\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">partnering\u003c/a> with researchers from the National Cancer Institute's Frederick National Laboratory and pharmaceutical giant GlaxoSmithKline (GSK) in an attempt to do just that. Members of the consortium hope to use supercomputing power to significantly slash the time needed to\u003cstrong> \u003c/strong>screen potential cancer drugs and bring them to human trials.\u003c/p>\n\u003caside class=\"pullquote alignright\">'These projects were completely and utterly just a pipe dream 10 years ago.'\u003ccite>Aedin Culhane,\u003cbr>\nDana-Farber Cancer Institute\u003c/cite>\u003c/aside>\n\u003cp>\"We're rolling on this, and it's really exciting,\" says \u003ca href=\"http://cancer.ucsf.edu/people/profiles/ashworth_alan\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Alan Ashworth\u003c/a>, president of the Helen Diller Family Comprehensive Cancer Center at UCSF. The university is committing $750,000 annually plus researchers and lab space, Ashworth says.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>GSK is contributing a vast store of data concerning 2 million molecules that could lead to cancer drugs. The data trove also includes 500 compounds that failed in the development process. The combination of the huge data set with information on failed drugs will be key to training the project's algorithms to understand how compounds interact with the human body.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>A Long Process\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Ashworth was one of the scientists who, in 1995, discovered the gene BRCA2, which increases the risk of developing inherited breast cancer. It took 10 years from discovery of the drug to the treatment of cancer related to that mutation, he said, and another 9 years before the drug was licensed.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The reason cancer drug development can take so long is that most testing is done with actual molecules — millions of them in order to find one that might become an effective drug in treating a particular type of cancer.\u003c/p>\n\u003caside class=\"pullquote alignright\">'I honestly don’t see how throwing lots of computers at the problem will speed up preclinical cancer-drug discovery.'\u003ccite>Steven Salzberg, Johns Hopkins University\u003c/cite>\u003c/aside>\n\u003cp>For each molecule, researchers create dozens of iterations in a process called \"optimization,\" altering the molecule to find the most effective form. Chemists have to create every modification in the lab, so researchers can test each one for toxic effects and efficacy. Just one toxicology study on one molecule takes 18 months, says Michelle Arkin, an associate professor in the UCSF School of Pharmacy. If the molecule fails, you start over.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But if you could test these same molecules in a supercomputer programmed to understand the relevant biological relationships, it would significantly streamline the process — a computer can do in seconds what may take days or weeks in a lab.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The consortium, called ATOM, for Accelerating Therapeutics for Opportunities in Medicine, believes computing power has finally reached the point where it can aid in the process.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"There's been a revolution in machine learning,\" says Jim Brase, the deputy associate director for computation at Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003cp>In the past, Brase says, when scientists wanted to analyze a large set of data, they had to tell the computer what interactions to search for in determining how a drug molecule might affect a specific protein in a particular type of tumor.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But now, Brase says, scientists believe they can teach a computer the fundamentals of biology so it can learn to identify which relationships might be effective and which could be useless or toxic.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Success will depend on scientists' ability to push computer learning to new levels.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Stacie Calad-Thomson, operations, planning and strategy director with GSK, says the consortium will take the first two years of the project to develop algorithms. After that, the goal is to identify an effective drug and take it to human trials -- all within one year.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The original data donated by GSK will remain private, says Mary Anne Rhyne, the company's director of corporate communications. But any resulting drug-testing tools will be made publicly available.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Reasons for Skepticism and Hope\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The goals of computer-assisted drug development and personalized medicine have been around for a \u003ca href=\"https://web.archive.org/web/20080513083401/http://www.isgtw.org:80/?pid=1000993\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">long time, \u003c/a>and many of these efforts have disappointed.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Earlier this year \u003ca href=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/futureofyou/2017/09/06/ibm-pitched-its-watson-supercomputer-as-a-revolution-in-cancer-care-its-nowhere-close/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">STAT\u003c/a>, as well as watchdog site\u003ca href=\"https://www.healthnewsreview.org/2017/02/md-anderson-cancer-centers-ibm-watson-project-fails-journalism-related/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"> Health News Review, \u003c/a>reported on the failed collaboration between the M.D. Anderson Cancer Center and IBM's Watson, which sought to make personal cancer treatment recommendations and match patients to clinical trials. Behind the largely positive news coverage, the project did not work as hoped. (\u003ca href=\"https://medcitynews.com/2017/02/mayo-clinic-cio-ai-stuff-really-real/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Not everyone agrees\u003c/a> it's been a bust.)\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Meanwhile, the company's \u003ca href=\"https://www.ibm.com/watson/health/life-sciences/drug-discovery/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Watson for Drug Discovery\u003c/a> program is hoping candidate drugs it identified as potential treatment for Parkinson's disease will prove to work. And IBM and Pfizer \u003ca href=\"https://www.forbes.com/sites/brucejapsen/2016/12/01/pfizer-partners-with-ibm-watson-to-advance-cancer-drug-discovery/#68904ce21b1e\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">announced a collaboration\u003c/a> in 2016 to use Watson to accelerate cancer drug discovery.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Dr. Steven Salzberg, director of the Center for Computational Biology at the McKusick-Nathans Institute of Genetic Medicine at Johns Hopkins University, is skeptical of such supercomputing efforts.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"I honestly don't see how throwing lots of computers at the problem will speed up preclinical cancer drug discovery,\" he says. \"It's the classic problem where when your only tool is a hammer, everything looks like a nail.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"We all need computers for research, so that's good. But cutting drug discovery from 6 years down to 1? That sounds implausible to me.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But at the Dana-Farber Cancer Institute at Harvard, Aedin Culhane, who is also a researcher in the Department of Biostatistics, is more optimistic. Yes, the idea of computer-assisted drug discovery has been around for a long time, she says, but it's only now that it's finally matured.\u003c/p>\n\u003caside class=\"pullquote alignright\">'I think there are a confluence of things that give this a better shot now than we had in the past.'\u003ccite>John Baldoni, GlaxoSmithKline\u003c/cite>\u003c/aside>\n\u003cp>\"These projects were completely and utterly just a pipe dream 10 years ago,\" says Culhane. \"And now we have more and better data, and we're learning more day by day. Given good data, the machines can learn, and I'm very hopeful about it. Much more than I was 10 years ago.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>She finds ATOM's intent to publish negative results especially interesting. \"Because that's something that is missing. Academics rarely publish negative results, and pharma even more so.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Re-examing old data in the light of new information, she says, can sometimes offer novel insights. Perhaps researchers misunderstood how a failed drug was working in the body the first time around; or maybe reviewing its off-target effects in light of new discoveries related to tumors will reveal a deeper understanding of biochemistry.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>John Baldoni, senior vice president for computerized drug screening at GSK, says that not only are data more abundant, but the engineering required for computer-based analysis is more sophisticated.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>He also believes researchers will be able to draw on software advancements in fields like facial recognition and dimensional analysis.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"We have applications in other sectors that are analogous to the applications that we want to develop in the pharma sector,\" he said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The technology is also starting to demonstrate results, according to Baldoni. He points to clinical testing of molecules discovered by computer algorithms from \u003ca href=\"http://www.nimbustx.com/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Nimbus Therapeutics\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"What I would say to a skeptic,\" he says, \"is 'You might be right.' But I hope they're not. I think there are a confluence of things that give this a better shot now than we had in the past.\"\u003c/p>\n\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>",
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"content": "\u003cp>There is now a host of companies that will send meals and produce to your doorstep with just the click of a button. But with all the new options, fewer people are ordering boxes of fruits and vegetables straight from farmers like Paul Underhill.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Underhill built \u003ca href=\"http://terrafirmafarm.com/\">his Terra Firma Farm in Yolo County\u003c/a> on the CSA, or community-supported agriculture, model. In a CSA, subscribers — mostly middle-class urbanites — buy memberships and then farmers ship them boxes of produce. There are no middlemen. The money goes directly from the consumers to farmers like Underhill.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Underhill said the CSA model allowed him to avoid loans and eventually buy his land.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“It was basically like the 20th-century farming equivalent of a funding website,” he said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[audio src=\"https://www.kqed.org/.stream/anon/radio/RDnews/2017/11/HarnettCommSuppAgriculture.mp3\" Image=\"https://u.s.kqed.net/2017/11/28/CSABox.jpg\" Title=\"Local CSA Farmers Struggle to Compete Against Meal Kit Services\" program=\"The California Report\"]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"http://www.justfood.org/csa/history\">CSAs got started\u003c/a> in Japan and Europe in the ’60s, and by the ’80s they had made their way to the United States. CSAs were embraced by small farmers as a way to stay in business as mega-farms continued to push down wholesale produce prices.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Underhill has been shipping CSA boxes for almost 25 years, and for over a decade and a half, business grew steadily. Then the recession hit, and things have been downhill ever since.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Back in 2008 we were delivering 1,300 to 1,400 boxes a week,” Underhill said. “Now we’re doing somewhere between 750 and 850.”\u003c/p>\n\u003caside class=\"pullquote alignright\">‘The local food system has shifted so dramatically in just the past decade or two.’\u003ccite>Evan Wiig, The Farmers Guild\u003c/cite>\u003c/aside>\n\u003cp>Underhill attributes some of the decline in CSA business to meal and produce delivery services like Sun Basket, HelloFresh and Blue Apron. He said these companies co-opted the direct-from-the-farmer brand established by CSAs, and unlike small farmers, they have the benefit of venture capital to capture market share.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>These companies run ads — often on public radio and podcasts — offering discounts and freebies. Underhill said giving away free boxes or making steep discounts “would blow a giant hole in any farm’s budget.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Evan Wiig is founder of \u003ca href=\"http://www.farmersguild.org/\">The Farmers Guild\u003c/a>, an advocacy group for local farms. “The new produce box schemes, they really aren’t the death of the CSAs,” Wiig said. “They’re just the newest iteration in a long evolving trend.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>CSAs used to be one of the few ways for urbanites to get their fix of things like heirloom kohlrabi and purple carrots. Now there are more farmers markets, and organic produce is available at many grocery stores, even Costco. “The local food system, the local food models, have shifted so dramatically in just the past decade or two,” Wiig said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>With all these choices, Wiig said customers are demanding more control over what they get and when. The buy-direct, support-the-farm ethos of CSAs is getting lost in the pursuit of convenience.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11633134\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 800px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-medium wp-image-11633134\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2017/11/Lorraine-Portrait-800x600.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"800\" height=\"600\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Lorraine Walker is trying to retain customers by adding things like chicken stock and herbal sodas to her CSA boxes. \u003ccite>(Sam Harnett/KQED)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Lorraine Walker’s \u003ca href=\"http://www.eatwell.com/\">Eatwell Farm\u003c/a> near Davis relies on the CSA model. She is trying to retain customers by offering add-ons to her boxes: eggs, chicken stock and sodas made with herbs on the farm. She also invites members to the farm to do things like pick strawberries and make pasta sauce.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“That’s the one thing no one else can offer,” Walker said, “The true connection to the farm, to the soil, to the plants, and to where your food comes from.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>To make up for the loss of CSA revenue, Underhill has gone back to growing more for restaurants and grocery stores. He said other nearby CSA farms have started selling to the new meal and produce delivery services.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“I’m trying to think of a word other than depressing,” Underhill said. “But that’s what it is.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Selling wholesale might help make ends meet for a while. But with today’s low produce prices and slim margins, Underhill said going through any middleman is not a long-term solution for a small farmer like him.\u003c/p>\n\n",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>There is now a host of companies that will send meals and produce to your doorstep with just the click of a button. But with all the new options, fewer people are ordering boxes of fruits and vegetables straight from farmers like Paul Underhill.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Underhill built \u003ca href=\"http://terrafirmafarm.com/\">his Terra Firma Farm in Yolo County\u003c/a> on the CSA, or community-supported agriculture, model. In a CSA, subscribers — mostly middle-class urbanites — buy memberships and then farmers ship them boxes of produce. There are no middlemen. The money goes directly from the consumers to farmers like Underhill.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Underhill said the CSA model allowed him to avoid loans and eventually buy his land.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“It was basically like the 20th-century farming equivalent of a funding website,” he said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Underhill has been shipping CSA boxes for almost 25 years, and for over a decade and a half, business grew steadily. Then the recession hit, and things have been downhill ever since.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Back in 2008 we were delivering 1,300 to 1,400 boxes a week,” Underhill said. “Now we’re doing somewhere between 750 and 850.”\u003c/p>\n\u003caside class=\"pullquote alignright\">‘The local food system has shifted so dramatically in just the past decade or two.’\u003ccite>Evan Wiig, The Farmers Guild\u003c/cite>\u003c/aside>\n\u003cp>Underhill attributes some of the decline in CSA business to meal and produce delivery services like Sun Basket, HelloFresh and Blue Apron. He said these companies co-opted the direct-from-the-farmer brand established by CSAs, and unlike small farmers, they have the benefit of venture capital to capture market share.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>These companies run ads — often on public radio and podcasts — offering discounts and freebies. Underhill said giving away free boxes or making steep discounts “would blow a giant hole in any farm’s budget.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Evan Wiig is founder of \u003ca href=\"http://www.farmersguild.org/\">The Farmers Guild\u003c/a>, an advocacy group for local farms. “The new produce box schemes, they really aren’t the death of the CSAs,” Wiig said. “They’re just the newest iteration in a long evolving trend.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>CSAs used to be one of the few ways for urbanites to get their fix of things like heirloom kohlrabi and purple carrots. Now there are more farmers markets, and organic produce is available at many grocery stores, even Costco. “The local food system, the local food models, have shifted so dramatically in just the past decade or two,” Wiig said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>With all these choices, Wiig said customers are demanding more control over what they get and when. The buy-direct, support-the-farm ethos of CSAs is getting lost in the pursuit of convenience.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11633134\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 800px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-medium wp-image-11633134\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2017/11/Lorraine-Portrait-800x600.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"800\" height=\"600\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Lorraine Walker is trying to retain customers by adding things like chicken stock and herbal sodas to her CSA boxes. \u003ccite>(Sam Harnett/KQED)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Lorraine Walker’s \u003ca href=\"http://www.eatwell.com/\">Eatwell Farm\u003c/a> near Davis relies on the CSA model. She is trying to retain customers by offering add-ons to her boxes: eggs, chicken stock and sodas made with herbs on the farm. She also invites members to the farm to do things like pick strawberries and make pasta sauce.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“That’s the one thing no one else can offer,” Walker said, “The true connection to the farm, to the soil, to the plants, and to where your food comes from.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>To make up for the loss of CSA revenue, Underhill has gone back to growing more for restaurants and grocery stores. He said other nearby CSA farms have started selling to the new meal and produce delivery services.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“I’m trying to think of a word other than depressing,” Underhill said. “But that’s what it is.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Selling wholesale might help make ends meet for a while. But with today’s low produce prices and slim margins, Underhill said going through any middleman is not a long-term solution for a small farmer like him.\u003c/p>\n\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>",
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"content": "\u003cp>Federal regulators are on track to loosen regulations of cable and telecom companies.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The Federal Communications Commission will vote Dec. 14 on a plan to undo the landmark 2015 rules that had placed internet service providers like Comcast and Verizon under the strictest-ever regulatory oversight.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The vote is expected to repeal so-called net neutrality rules, which prevent broadband companies from slowing down or blocking any sites or apps, or otherwise deciding what content gets to users faster.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[contextly_sidebar id=\"Nj2A5tfy4q0y0Tpgw8UdUuRPuCltZ81S\"]FCC Chairman \u003ca href=\"https://www.npr.org/sections/thetwo-way/2017/01/23/510844936/trumps-telecom-chief-is-ajit-pai-critic-of-net-neutrality-rules\">Ajit Pai\u003c/a> on Tuesday said \u003ca href=\"https://www.wsj.com/articles/how-the-fcc-can-save-the-open-internet-1511281099?mod=e2two\">his repeal proposal\u003c/a> would \"stop micromanaging the internet.\" Instead his plan would require internet providers to disclose what exactly they're doing – for example, whether they allow some websites or apps to pay extra for faster streaming.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>This would essentially shift the enforcement of net neutrality to the Federal Trade Commission, which polices violators rather than pre-empts the violations in the first place.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The five-member FCC has a Republican majority, including Pai, suggesting that his plan — called \"The Restoring Internet Freedom Order\" — will pass. As with \u003ca href=\"https://www.npr.org/tags/132227849/net-neutrality\">various iterations of the rules\u003c/a> over the past decade, the rules would likely face a lawsuit. The 2015 rules were the first version to be \u003ca href=\"https://www.npr.org/sections/thetwo-way/2016/06/14/471286113/u-s-appeals-court-holds-up-net-neutrality-rules-in-full\">upheld in court in full\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Telecom and cable companies have long argued that the FCC's attempts to regulate privacy and internet behavior put them on an unequal footing with other internet companies that collect data on users, like Google and Netflix, which are only overseen by the FTC.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The \u003ca href=\"https://www.nytimes.com/2017/11/21/technology/fcc-repeal-net-neutrality.html?_r=0\">New York Times has reported\u003c/a> that Pai's plan would put more power in the hands of internet providers \"to dictate people's online experiences\":\u003c/p>\n\u003cblockquote>\u003cp>\"Under a repeal, companies like AT&T and Comcast may be able to charge people higher fees to access certain websites and online services. The companies may also be able to prioritize their own services while disadvantaging websites run by rivals.\"\u003c/p>\u003c/blockquote>\n\u003cp>Pai — a free-market advocate who has staked his FCC chairmanship on deregulation — has argued that the FCC's 2015 rules have depressed companies' investments in building and expanding broadband networks and deterred them from coming up with new consumer-friendly business models.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>As we've \u003ca href=\"https://www.npr.org/sections/alltechconsidered/2017/07/11/535804285/internet-companies-plan-online-campaign-to-keep-net-neutrality-rules\">reported before\u003c/a>, dozens of consumer advocacy groups, including Fight for the Future, Demand Progress and the ACLU, have supported the strong net neutrality rules — aligned with companies like Netflix, Google, Etsy, Vimeo, Reddit and Amazon.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"We haven't actually lived in a world where fully the ISPs could block access,\" Denelle Dixon, chief legal and business officer at Mozilla, told NPR in the summer when Pai's plan began taking shape. \"This is the world we need to imagine now.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>Editor's Note: NPR's legal counsel has filed comments with the FCC on the net neutrality proposal, in opposition to deregulation. \u003c/em>\u003ca href=\"https://ecfsapi.fcc.gov/file/10717112197099/NPR%20Restoring%20Internet%20Freedom%20Comments.Final.pdf\">\u003cem>You can read them here.\u003c/em>\u003c/a>\u003c/p>\n\u003cdiv class=\"fullattribution\">\u003cem>Copyright 2017 \u003ca href=\"http://www.npr.org/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">NPR\u003c/a>. \u003c/em>\u003c/div>\n\n",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The five-member FCC has a Republican majority, including Pai, suggesting that his plan — called \"The Restoring Internet Freedom Order\" — will pass. As with \u003ca href=\"https://www.npr.org/tags/132227849/net-neutrality\">various iterations of the rules\u003c/a> over the past decade, the rules would likely face a lawsuit. The 2015 rules were the first version to be \u003ca href=\"https://www.npr.org/sections/thetwo-way/2016/06/14/471286113/u-s-appeals-court-holds-up-net-neutrality-rules-in-full\">upheld in court in full\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Telecom and cable companies have long argued that the FCC's attempts to regulate privacy and internet behavior put them on an unequal footing with other internet companies that collect data on users, like Google and Netflix, which are only overseen by the FTC.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The \u003ca href=\"https://www.nytimes.com/2017/11/21/technology/fcc-repeal-net-neutrality.html?_r=0\">New York Times has reported\u003c/a> that Pai's plan would put more power in the hands of internet providers \"to dictate people's online experiences\":\u003c/p>\n\u003cblockquote>\u003cp>\"Under a repeal, companies like AT&T and Comcast may be able to charge people higher fees to access certain websites and online services. The companies may also be able to prioritize their own services while disadvantaging websites run by rivals.\"\u003c/p>\u003c/blockquote>\n\u003cp>Pai — a free-market advocate who has staked his FCC chairmanship on deregulation — has argued that the FCC's 2015 rules have depressed companies' investments in building and expanding broadband networks and deterred them from coming up with new consumer-friendly business models.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>As we've \u003ca href=\"https://www.npr.org/sections/alltechconsidered/2017/07/11/535804285/internet-companies-plan-online-campaign-to-keep-net-neutrality-rules\">reported before\u003c/a>, dozens of consumer advocacy groups, including Fight for the Future, Demand Progress and the ACLU, have supported the strong net neutrality rules — aligned with companies like Netflix, Google, Etsy, Vimeo, Reddit and Amazon.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"We haven't actually lived in a world where fully the ISPs could block access,\" Denelle Dixon, chief legal and business officer at Mozilla, told NPR in the summer when Pai's plan began taking shape. \"This is the world we need to imagine now.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>Editor's Note: NPR's legal counsel has filed comments with the FCC on the net neutrality proposal, in opposition to deregulation. \u003c/em>\u003ca href=\"https://ecfsapi.fcc.gov/file/10717112197099/NPR%20Restoring%20Internet%20Freedom%20Comments.Final.pdf\">\u003cem>You can read them here.\u003c/em>\u003c/a>\u003c/p>\n\u003cdiv class=\"fullattribution\">\u003cem>Copyright 2017 \u003ca href=\"http://www.npr.org/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">NPR\u003c/a>. \u003c/em>\u003c/div>\n\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>",
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"content": "\u003cp>\u003cem>\u003ca href=\"https://theconversation.com/profiles/jason-a-heppler-342338\">Jason A. Heppler\u003c/a> is assistant professor of history at the \u003ca href=\"http://theconversation.com/institutions/university-of-nebraska-omaha-1660\">University of Nebraska Omaha\u003c/a>\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>On Labor Day 1956, a caravan of moving trucks wound their way into Santa Clara County, just south of San Francisco, carrying the possessions of 600 families and equipment for the missile and space labs of the Lockheed Corporation. One month later, Lockheed’s Sunnyvale campus opened for business. Many of the arriving families were relocating to Sunnyvale from the company’s facility in Burbank, in Southern California.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The draw included good jobs in the emerging businesses of electronics research and development, as well as manufacturing of semiconductors and other electronic components for machinery and computers. Affordable housing, a pastoral landscape and a pleasant environment proved very attractive for newcomers. Local boosters, corporate executives and new residents alike \u003ca href=\"https://books.google.com/books?id=KwvEBAAAQBAJ&pg=PT54&dq=Margaret+O%27Mara+environmental+contradictions&hl=en&sa=X&ved=0ahUKEwjDxbPal7LXAhUS3YMKHbuvBiwQ6AEIKDAA#v=onepage&q&f=false\">envisioned a modern future\u003c/a> in stark contrast with the declining dirty urban industrial model of the Northeast and Midwest.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>This type of industrial work and manufacturing didn’t need smokestacks, large warehouses, or other markers of the industrial age. The Santa Clara Valley’s promise for leading Northern California into a bright economic future quickly brought the area the nickname “Silicon Valley.” But in the book I am writing, I note that if this convergence of natural surroundings, suburban homes and high-tech industrialization represented a facet of the California dream, it also betrayed it.\u003c/p>\n\u003ch2>A Bright Illusion of the Future\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>In addition to jobs in electronics and aerospace, the emerging suburbs of Silicon Valley promised newcomers a countryside experience. David Beers, whose father worked at the Sunnyvale Lockheed campus, \u003ca href=\"https://books.google.com/books?id=bVMuLOrHoU8C&pg=PT50&dq=Beers+%22all-year+garden%22&hl=en&sa=X&ved=0ahUKEwjz7KDatP_WAhWB64MKHRy-BGgQ6AEIKDAA#v=onepage&q=Beers%20%22all-year%20garden%22&f=false\">remembered\u003c/a> the chamber of commerce brochures claiming an “all-year garden” and “the most beautiful valleys in the world.” Such advertisements were common, assuring home buyers “good living,” the “calm of the country” and “a beautiful walnut and cherry orchard” that “the builder is leaving … for your enjoyment.” The white-collar workers of high tech could make their homes in what appeared to be the countryside.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[contextly_sidebar id=”VIdNmdAj84Svw9BXpHXJ6f6voj4pYKMK”]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Workplaces, too, were different, with manufacturing happening in places that didn’t look like the old industries of the East. The Stanford Industrial Park, founded in the early 1950s, had \u003ca href=\"https://www.cityofpaloalto.org/civicax/filebank/documents/58349\">strict building guidelines\u003c/a> that made it look more like a suburban area than a manufacturing center. Crucially, 60 percent of each lot had to be preserved as open green space, and no smokestacks were allowed.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Everyone thought of smokestacks,” \u003ca href=\"https://purl.stanford.edu/dv559gn8984\">recalled Alf Brandin\u003c/a>, Stanford’s business manager in the 1940s and 1950s. “These new people who came out from the East and settled here thought, ‘Don’t change it. We just left all the smoke and all that junk. Don’t change this.’”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The overall feeling was of much more than just a good job and a nice place to live: a new world was opening, based on computing. Promising young engineers could come west, buy a home and work in the future of the nation’s industry. “There’s a sense of being pioneers here,” Mark Leslie, founder of Synapse Computers, \u003ca href=\"https://www.inc.com/magazine/19820901/3259.html\">told a reporter\u003c/a> in 1982. “I view myself as the kind of guy who would have been living in Detroit in 1910. The future depends on high technology, and we are spearheading it.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Recent college graduates and white-collar workers flocked to the valley to work at companies like Fairchild, Intel, Hewlett-Packard, International Business Machines and Lockheed. The county’s population \u003ca href=\"http://www.bayareacensus.ca.gov/bayarea70.htm\">more than quadrupled\u003c/a> in 30 years, from 290,547 in 1950 to 1,265,200 in 1980. But the clean, gleaming future they imagined was already being tarnished.\u003c/p>\n\u003ch2>Fairchild Contamination\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>Semiconductor manufacturing involves very carefully connecting microscopic electrical components to each other on large plates of silicon. Pieces of dust can block sensitive circuits, and the smallest scratches can render everything useless. So to clean the silicon wafers and the parts joined to them, manufacturers used \u003ca href=\"https://books.google.com/books?id=-L0ODAAAQBAJ&pg=PA185&dq=semiconductor+chemical+solvents+cleaning+TCE&hl=en&sa=X&ved=0ahUKEwjxra6JuP_WAhXE1IMKHUqAD6cQ6AEINzAD#v=onepage&q=semiconductor%20chemical%20solvents%20cleaning%20TCE&f=false\">harsh chemical solvents\u003c/a> like \u003ca href=\"https://www.epa.gov/assessing-and-managing-chemicals-under-tsca/risk-management-trichloroethylene-tce\">1,1,1 trichloroethane\u003c/a>, \u003ca href=\"https://www.atsdr.cdc.gov/mmg/mmg.asp?id=291&tid=53\">xylene\u003c/a> and \u003ca href=\"https://toxtown.nlm.nih.gov/text_version/chemicals.php?id=77\">methanol\u003c/a>. These chemicals were stored on-site in containers designed to safely hold them.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[contextly_sidebar id=”1ztNgjHptbjViwOK9hqyctztdk6xB0mK”]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But in December 1981, construction workers discovered a leaking chemical solvents tank at Fairchild Semiconductor’s southern San Jose facility.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>A cancer-causing chemical, TCE, had found its way into \u003ca href=\"https://www.inc.com/magazine/19820901/3259.html\">nearby drinking-water wells\u003c/a>. The water company promptly shut off pumping water from those wells. A month later, the San Jose Mercury News broke the story of the chemical leak. TCE accumulated in wells at nearly 20 times the permissible limit established by the Environmental Protection Agency. Over the course of two years, \u003ca href=\"https://nepis.epa.gov/Exe/ZyNET.exe/9100976C.txt?ZyActionD=ZyDocument&Client=EPA&Index=1986%20Thru%201990&Docs=&Query=&Time=&EndTime=&SearchMethod=1&TocRestrict=n&Toc=&TocEntry=&QField=&QFieldYear=&QFieldMonth=&QFieldDay=&UseQField=&IntQFieldOp=0&ExtQFieldOp=0&XmlQuery=&File=D%3A%5CZYFILES%5CINDEX%20DATA%5C86THRU90%5CTXT%5C00000020%5C9100976C.txt&User=ANONYMOUS&Password=anonymous&SortMethod=h%7C-&MaximumDocuments=1&FuzzyDegree=0&ImageQuality=r75g8/r75g8/x150y150g16/i425&Display=hpfr&DefSeekPage=x&SearchBack=ZyActionL&Back=ZyActionS&BackDesc=Results%20page&MaximumPages=1&ZyEntry=4\">more than 60,000 gallons\u003c/a> of toxic chemicals had leaked from the tank, spreading underground more than half a mile into the surrounding neighborhood of Los Paseos.\u003c/p>\n\u003ch2>Neighbors Speak Up\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>For the residents of the Los Paseos neighborhood, just across the street from Fairchild, the news of the chemical leak suddenly explained the stories of birth defects among their neighbors. \u003ca href=\"https://www.inc.com/magazine/19820901/3259.html\">Lorraine Ross\u003c/a>, whose daughter had her first open-heart surgery at nine months old, couldn’t help but wonder if the four birth defects, two miscarriages and one stillbirth of Los Paseos in the past two years were \u003ca href=\"http://www.nytimes.com/1982/05/20/us/leaking-chemicals-in-california-s-silicon-valley-alarm-neighbors.html\">connected to water contamination\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>She organized others in the neighborhood to ask questions, eventually partnering with a young lawyer, Ted Smith, who founded a new advocacy organization called the \u003ca href=\"http://svtc.org/\">Silicon Valley Toxics Coalition\u003c/a>. The Silicon Valley Toxics Coalition was designed to advocate for neighborhoods, helping draft new county and city ordinances related to the storage, transportation and disposal of chemicals and gases in Santa Clara County.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11630865\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 800px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-medium wp-image-11630865\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2017/11/valley-toxics-file-20171018-32348-9u7c5d-800x478.png\" alt=\"\" width=\"800\" height=\"478\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2017/11/valley-toxics-file-20171018-32348-9u7c5d-800x478.png 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2017/11/valley-toxics-file-20171018-32348-9u7c5d-160x96.png 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2017/11/valley-toxics-file-20171018-32348-9u7c5d-960x574.png 960w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2017/11/valley-toxics-file-20171018-32348-9u7c5d-240x144.png 240w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2017/11/valley-toxics-file-20171018-32348-9u7c5d-375x224.png 375w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2017/11/valley-toxics-file-20171018-32348-9u7c5d-520x311.png 520w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2017/11/valley-toxics-file-20171018-32348-9u7c5d.png 1000w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Silicon Valley Toxics Coalition flyer \u003ccite>(\u003ca class=\"source\" href=\"http://www.oac.cdlib.org/findaid/ark:/13030/kt2b69r7hf/\">Folder 3, Box 11, Silicon Valley Toxics Coalition Papers, San Jose State University\u003c/a>)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>News of the Fairchild leak captured the attention of the Bay Area. The presence of these chemicals and synthetics were a revelation.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“There was no doubt in my mind that this was a clean industry,” \u003ca href=\"http://www.nytimes.com/1982/05/20/us/leaking-chemicals-in-california-s-silicon-valley-alarm-neighbors.html\">remarked\u003c/a> San Jose Mayor Janet Gray Hayes. Lorraine Ross echoed this sentiment, telling a reporter that “we thought we were living with a clean industry.” But it wasn’t true.\u003c/p>\n\u003ch2>Widespread Pollution\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>Fairchild wasn’t alone in leaking pollution into the vibrant environment and thriving communities around its industrial sites.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[contextly_sidebar id=”5wUjDuF9sZhdXXbosaSakSb3TfaQyPOj”]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>By 1992, one study found that \u003ca href=\"https://nyupress.org/books/9780814767092/\">57 private and 47 public drinking wells\u003c/a> were contaminated. Santa Clara County authorities determined that 65 of the 79 companies they investigated had contaminated the soil beneath their facilities. Several companies were forced to pay several million dollars for the cleanup of polluted sites, as well as install new monitoring equipment to prevent leaks for occurring again. Fairchild Semiconductor and other companies in the Los Paseos area found to have contaminated the water agreed to pay a multi-million-dollar settlement to 530 residents in southern San Jose.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The U.S. Environmental Protection Agency eventually \u003ca href=\"http://dissertation.jasonheppler.org/visualizations/companies/\">determined 29 polluted sites were eligible for Superfund\u003c/a> cleanup money over the course of the 1980s — 24 of which resulted from high-tech industries. Under \u003ca href=\"https://www.epa.gov/superfund\">Superfund\u003c/a>, polluted sites that particularly threaten wildlife or human health become eligible for federal funding to help clean up hazardous and contaminated sites. By the end of the ’80s, Santa Clara County had \u003ca href=\"https://qz.com/1017181/silicon-valley-pollution-there-are-more-superfund-sites-in-santa-clara-than-any-other-us-county/\">more Superfund sites\u003c/a> than any other county in the United States. \u003ca href=\"https://www.epa.gov/superfund/search-superfund-sites-where-you-live\">Twenty-three of the sites\u003c/a> remain in remediation today.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" src=\"https://counter.theconversation.com/content/85810/count.gif?distributor=republish-lightbox-basic\" alt=\"The Conversation\" width=\"1\" height=\"1\">By accident and by neglect, the promise of clean industrialization proved elusive. Thousands of people migrated to the Santa Clara Valley hoping to take part in the remarkable convergence of affordable housing and new jobs. And while smokestacks were absent from electronics manufacturing, the presence of highly toxic chemicals – trichloroethane and chlorinated solvents – shattered the illusion behind the tech industry’s green image. The industry permanently altered the land and human bodies.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>This article originally appeared in \u003ca href=\"http://theconversation.com\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">The Conversation\u003c/a>, a publication that features academics writing about their research and ideas for the public. KQED and The Conversation are partners in the \u003ca href=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/news/series/californiadream/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">California Dream\u003c/a> project, a collaboration looking at the Golden State’s promise, whether we are achieving it, and the future of California.\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>\u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/news/series/californiadream/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">The California Dream series\u003c/a> is a statewide media collaboration of CALmatters, KPBS, KPCC, KQED and Capital Public Radio with support from the Corporation for Public Broadcasting, the James Irvine Foundation and the College Futures Foundation.\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad floatright]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"aligncenter size-medium wp-image-11660142\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2018/04/CADreamBanner-800x219.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"800\" height=\"219\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2018/04/CADreamBanner-800x219.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2018/04/CADreamBanner-160x44.jpg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2018/04/CADreamBanner-1020x280.jpg 1020w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2018/04/CADreamBanner-1180x324.jpg 1180w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2018/04/CADreamBanner-960x263.jpg 960w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2018/04/CADreamBanner-240x66.jpg 240w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2018/04/CADreamBanner-375x103.jpg 375w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2018/04/CADreamBanner-520x143.jpg 520w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2018/04/CADreamBanner.jpg 1867w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\">\u003c/p>\n\n",
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"excerpt": "The earliest visions of Silicon Valley as a new hub of clean manufacturing represented a facet of the California dream -- but the industry betrayed it, says history professor Jason Heppler.",
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"title": "How Silicon Valley Industry Polluted the Sylvan California Dream | KQED",
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"nprByline": "\u003cstrong>\u003ca href=\"https://theconversation.com/profiles/jason-a-heppler-342338\">Jason A. Heppler\u003c/a>\u003c/strong>\u003cbr>University of Nebraska Omaha for \u003ca href=\"https://theconversation.com\">The Conversation\u003c/a>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>\u003cem>\u003ca href=\"https://theconversation.com/profiles/jason-a-heppler-342338\">Jason A. Heppler\u003c/a> is assistant professor of history at the \u003ca href=\"http://theconversation.com/institutions/university-of-nebraska-omaha-1660\">University of Nebraska Omaha\u003c/a>\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>On Labor Day 1956, a caravan of moving trucks wound their way into Santa Clara County, just south of San Francisco, carrying the possessions of 600 families and equipment for the missile and space labs of the Lockheed Corporation. One month later, Lockheed’s Sunnyvale campus opened for business. Many of the arriving families were relocating to Sunnyvale from the company’s facility in Burbank, in Southern California.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The draw included good jobs in the emerging businesses of electronics research and development, as well as manufacturing of semiconductors and other electronic components for machinery and computers. Affordable housing, a pastoral landscape and a pleasant environment proved very attractive for newcomers. Local boosters, corporate executives and new residents alike \u003ca href=\"https://books.google.com/books?id=KwvEBAAAQBAJ&pg=PT54&dq=Margaret+O%27Mara+environmental+contradictions&hl=en&sa=X&ved=0ahUKEwjDxbPal7LXAhUS3YMKHbuvBiwQ6AEIKDAA#v=onepage&q&f=false\">envisioned a modern future\u003c/a> in stark contrast with the declining dirty urban industrial model of the Northeast and Midwest.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>This type of industrial work and manufacturing didn’t need smokestacks, large warehouses, or other markers of the industrial age. The Santa Clara Valley’s promise for leading Northern California into a bright economic future quickly brought the area the nickname “Silicon Valley.” But in the book I am writing, I note that if this convergence of natural surroundings, suburban homes and high-tech industrialization represented a facet of the California dream, it also betrayed it.\u003c/p>\n\u003ch2>A Bright Illusion of the Future\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>In addition to jobs in electronics and aerospace, the emerging suburbs of Silicon Valley promised newcomers a countryside experience. David Beers, whose father worked at the Sunnyvale Lockheed campus, \u003ca href=\"https://books.google.com/books?id=bVMuLOrHoU8C&pg=PT50&dq=Beers+%22all-year+garden%22&hl=en&sa=X&ved=0ahUKEwjz7KDatP_WAhWB64MKHRy-BGgQ6AEIKDAA#v=onepage&q=Beers%20%22all-year%20garden%22&f=false\">remembered\u003c/a> the chamber of commerce brochures claiming an “all-year garden” and “the most beautiful valleys in the world.” Such advertisements were common, assuring home buyers “good living,” the “calm of the country” and “a beautiful walnut and cherry orchard” that “the builder is leaving … for your enjoyment.” The white-collar workers of high tech could make their homes in what appeared to be the countryside.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Workplaces, too, were different, with manufacturing happening in places that didn’t look like the old industries of the East. The Stanford Industrial Park, founded in the early 1950s, had \u003ca href=\"https://www.cityofpaloalto.org/civicax/filebank/documents/58349\">strict building guidelines\u003c/a> that made it look more like a suburban area than a manufacturing center. Crucially, 60 percent of each lot had to be preserved as open green space, and no smokestacks were allowed.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Everyone thought of smokestacks,” \u003ca href=\"https://purl.stanford.edu/dv559gn8984\">recalled Alf Brandin\u003c/a>, Stanford’s business manager in the 1940s and 1950s. “These new people who came out from the East and settled here thought, ‘Don’t change it. We just left all the smoke and all that junk. Don’t change this.’”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The overall feeling was of much more than just a good job and a nice place to live: a new world was opening, based on computing. Promising young engineers could come west, buy a home and work in the future of the nation’s industry. “There’s a sense of being pioneers here,” Mark Leslie, founder of Synapse Computers, \u003ca href=\"https://www.inc.com/magazine/19820901/3259.html\">told a reporter\u003c/a> in 1982. “I view myself as the kind of guy who would have been living in Detroit in 1910. The future depends on high technology, and we are spearheading it.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Recent college graduates and white-collar workers flocked to the valley to work at companies like Fairchild, Intel, Hewlett-Packard, International Business Machines and Lockheed. The county’s population \u003ca href=\"http://www.bayareacensus.ca.gov/bayarea70.htm\">more than quadrupled\u003c/a> in 30 years, from 290,547 in 1950 to 1,265,200 in 1980. But the clean, gleaming future they imagined was already being tarnished.\u003c/p>\n\u003ch2>Fairchild Contamination\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>Semiconductor manufacturing involves very carefully connecting microscopic electrical components to each other on large plates of silicon. Pieces of dust can block sensitive circuits, and the smallest scratches can render everything useless. So to clean the silicon wafers and the parts joined to them, manufacturers used \u003ca href=\"https://books.google.com/books?id=-L0ODAAAQBAJ&pg=PA185&dq=semiconductor+chemical+solvents+cleaning+TCE&hl=en&sa=X&ved=0ahUKEwjxra6JuP_WAhXE1IMKHUqAD6cQ6AEINzAD#v=onepage&q=semiconductor%20chemical%20solvents%20cleaning%20TCE&f=false\">harsh chemical solvents\u003c/a> like \u003ca href=\"https://www.epa.gov/assessing-and-managing-chemicals-under-tsca/risk-management-trichloroethylene-tce\">1,1,1 trichloroethane\u003c/a>, \u003ca href=\"https://www.atsdr.cdc.gov/mmg/mmg.asp?id=291&tid=53\">xylene\u003c/a> and \u003ca href=\"https://toxtown.nlm.nih.gov/text_version/chemicals.php?id=77\">methanol\u003c/a>. These chemicals were stored on-site in containers designed to safely hold them.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But in December 1981, construction workers discovered a leaking chemical solvents tank at Fairchild Semiconductor’s southern San Jose facility.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>A cancer-causing chemical, TCE, had found its way into \u003ca href=\"https://www.inc.com/magazine/19820901/3259.html\">nearby drinking-water wells\u003c/a>. The water company promptly shut off pumping water from those wells. A month later, the San Jose Mercury News broke the story of the chemical leak. TCE accumulated in wells at nearly 20 times the permissible limit established by the Environmental Protection Agency. Over the course of two years, \u003ca href=\"https://nepis.epa.gov/Exe/ZyNET.exe/9100976C.txt?ZyActionD=ZyDocument&Client=EPA&Index=1986%20Thru%201990&Docs=&Query=&Time=&EndTime=&SearchMethod=1&TocRestrict=n&Toc=&TocEntry=&QField=&QFieldYear=&QFieldMonth=&QFieldDay=&UseQField=&IntQFieldOp=0&ExtQFieldOp=0&XmlQuery=&File=D%3A%5CZYFILES%5CINDEX%20DATA%5C86THRU90%5CTXT%5C00000020%5C9100976C.txt&User=ANONYMOUS&Password=anonymous&SortMethod=h%7C-&MaximumDocuments=1&FuzzyDegree=0&ImageQuality=r75g8/r75g8/x150y150g16/i425&Display=hpfr&DefSeekPage=x&SearchBack=ZyActionL&Back=ZyActionS&BackDesc=Results%20page&MaximumPages=1&ZyEntry=4\">more than 60,000 gallons\u003c/a> of toxic chemicals had leaked from the tank, spreading underground more than half a mile into the surrounding neighborhood of Los Paseos.\u003c/p>\n\u003ch2>Neighbors Speak Up\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>For the residents of the Los Paseos neighborhood, just across the street from Fairchild, the news of the chemical leak suddenly explained the stories of birth defects among their neighbors. \u003ca href=\"https://www.inc.com/magazine/19820901/3259.html\">Lorraine Ross\u003c/a>, whose daughter had her first open-heart surgery at nine months old, couldn’t help but wonder if the four birth defects, two miscarriages and one stillbirth of Los Paseos in the past two years were \u003ca href=\"http://www.nytimes.com/1982/05/20/us/leaking-chemicals-in-california-s-silicon-valley-alarm-neighbors.html\">connected to water contamination\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>She organized others in the neighborhood to ask questions, eventually partnering with a young lawyer, Ted Smith, who founded a new advocacy organization called the \u003ca href=\"http://svtc.org/\">Silicon Valley Toxics Coalition\u003c/a>. The Silicon Valley Toxics Coalition was designed to advocate for neighborhoods, helping draft new county and city ordinances related to the storage, transportation and disposal of chemicals and gases in Santa Clara County.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11630865\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 800px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-medium wp-image-11630865\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2017/11/valley-toxics-file-20171018-32348-9u7c5d-800x478.png\" alt=\"\" width=\"800\" height=\"478\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2017/11/valley-toxics-file-20171018-32348-9u7c5d-800x478.png 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2017/11/valley-toxics-file-20171018-32348-9u7c5d-160x96.png 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2017/11/valley-toxics-file-20171018-32348-9u7c5d-960x574.png 960w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2017/11/valley-toxics-file-20171018-32348-9u7c5d-240x144.png 240w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2017/11/valley-toxics-file-20171018-32348-9u7c5d-375x224.png 375w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2017/11/valley-toxics-file-20171018-32348-9u7c5d-520x311.png 520w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2017/11/valley-toxics-file-20171018-32348-9u7c5d.png 1000w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Silicon Valley Toxics Coalition flyer \u003ccite>(\u003ca class=\"source\" href=\"http://www.oac.cdlib.org/findaid/ark:/13030/kt2b69r7hf/\">Folder 3, Box 11, Silicon Valley Toxics Coalition Papers, San Jose State University\u003c/a>)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>News of the Fairchild leak captured the attention of the Bay Area. The presence of these chemicals and synthetics were a revelation.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“There was no doubt in my mind that this was a clean industry,” \u003ca href=\"http://www.nytimes.com/1982/05/20/us/leaking-chemicals-in-california-s-silicon-valley-alarm-neighbors.html\">remarked\u003c/a> San Jose Mayor Janet Gray Hayes. Lorraine Ross echoed this sentiment, telling a reporter that “we thought we were living with a clean industry.” But it wasn’t true.\u003c/p>\n\u003ch2>Widespread Pollution\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>Fairchild wasn’t alone in leaking pollution into the vibrant environment and thriving communities around its industrial sites.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>By 1992, one study found that \u003ca href=\"https://nyupress.org/books/9780814767092/\">57 private and 47 public drinking wells\u003c/a> were contaminated. Santa Clara County authorities determined that 65 of the 79 companies they investigated had contaminated the soil beneath their facilities. Several companies were forced to pay several million dollars for the cleanup of polluted sites, as well as install new monitoring equipment to prevent leaks for occurring again. Fairchild Semiconductor and other companies in the Los Paseos area found to have contaminated the water agreed to pay a multi-million-dollar settlement to 530 residents in southern San Jose.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The U.S. Environmental Protection Agency eventually \u003ca href=\"http://dissertation.jasonheppler.org/visualizations/companies/\">determined 29 polluted sites were eligible for Superfund\u003c/a> cleanup money over the course of the 1980s — 24 of which resulted from high-tech industries. Under \u003ca href=\"https://www.epa.gov/superfund\">Superfund\u003c/a>, polluted sites that particularly threaten wildlife or human health become eligible for federal funding to help clean up hazardous and contaminated sites. By the end of the ’80s, Santa Clara County had \u003ca href=\"https://qz.com/1017181/silicon-valley-pollution-there-are-more-superfund-sites-in-santa-clara-than-any-other-us-county/\">more Superfund sites\u003c/a> than any other county in the United States. \u003ca href=\"https://www.epa.gov/superfund/search-superfund-sites-where-you-live\">Twenty-three of the sites\u003c/a> remain in remediation today.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" src=\"https://counter.theconversation.com/content/85810/count.gif?distributor=republish-lightbox-basic\" alt=\"The Conversation\" width=\"1\" height=\"1\">By accident and by neglect, the promise of clean industrialization proved elusive. Thousands of people migrated to the Santa Clara Valley hoping to take part in the remarkable convergence of affordable housing and new jobs. And while smokestacks were absent from electronics manufacturing, the presence of highly toxic chemicals – trichloroethane and chlorinated solvents – shattered the illusion behind the tech industry’s green image. The industry permanently altered the land and human bodies.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>This article originally appeared in \u003ca href=\"http://theconversation.com\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">The Conversation\u003c/a>, a publication that features academics writing about their research and ideas for the public. KQED and The Conversation are partners in the \u003ca href=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/news/series/californiadream/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">California Dream\u003c/a> project, a collaboration looking at the Golden State’s promise, whether we are achieving it, and the future of California.\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>\u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/news/series/californiadream/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">The California Dream series\u003c/a> is a statewide media collaboration of CALmatters, KPBS, KPCC, KQED and Capital Public Radio with support from the Corporation for Public Broadcasting, the James Irvine Foundation and the College Futures Foundation.\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cp>\u003cb>Congressman Ro Khanna Interview\u003cbr>\n\u003c/b>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">A conversation with Rep. Ro Khanna of California’s 17\u003c/span>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">th\u003c/span>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\"> District on GOP tax reform efforts, why he wants to see a challenger enter the ring against longtime incumbent Sen. Dianne Feinstein, and the role of social media in influencing presidential elections.\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cb>Political Analysis: Sexual Harassment in Government, GOP Tax Bill and Trump’s Asia Trip\u003cbr>\n\u003c/b>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">The list of lawmakers accused of sexual harassment has been steadily growing, with Al Franken the latest addition to the roster. This week, Rep. Jackie Speier (D-Calif.) introduced legislation to require more training on Capitol Hill. We also get reaction to the GOP tax bill and discuss President Trump’s trip to Asia.\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Guests:\u003c/p>\n\u003cul>\n\u003cli>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\"> \u003c/span>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">Aimee Allison, Color in Democracy president\u003c/span>\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\"> \u003c/span>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">Tim Miller, Definers Public Affairs partner\u003c/span>\u003c/li>\n\u003c/ul>\n\u003cp>\u003cb>Vietnam War Town Hall on the USS Hornet\u003cbr>\n\u003c/b>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">Decades after the Vietnam War concluded, its legacy lingers in the hearts and minds of many in the Bay Area. KQED and the USS Hornet recently co-hosted a town hall meeting to reflect on the conflict and its aftermath, which claimed the lives of nearly 60,000 U.S. troops in Vietnam. We went to the town hall to hear from community leaders, veterans and activists. \u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp> \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>\u003cb>Congressman Ro Khanna Interview\u003cbr>\n\u003c/b>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">A conversation with Rep. Ro Khanna of California’s 17\u003c/span>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">th\u003c/span>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\"> District on GOP tax reform efforts, why he wants to see a challenger enter the ring against longtime incumbent Sen. Dianne Feinstein, and the role of social media in influencing presidential elections.\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cb>Political Analysis: Sexual Harassment in Government, GOP Tax Bill and Trump’s Asia Trip\u003cbr>\n\u003c/b>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">The list of lawmakers accused of sexual harassment has been steadily growing, with Al Franken the latest addition to the roster. This week, Rep. Jackie Speier (D-Calif.) introduced legislation to require more training on Capitol Hill. We also get reaction to the GOP tax bill and discuss President Trump’s trip to Asia.\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Guests:\u003c/p>\n\u003cul>\n\u003cli>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\"> \u003c/span>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">Aimee Allison, Color in Democracy president\u003c/span>\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\"> \u003c/span>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">Tim Miller, Definers Public Affairs partner\u003c/span>\u003c/li>\n\u003c/ul>\n\u003cp>\u003cb>Vietnam War Town Hall on the USS Hornet\u003cbr>\n\u003c/b>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">Decades after the Vietnam War concluded, its legacy lingers in the hearts and minds of many in the Bay Area. KQED and the USS Hornet recently co-hosted a town hall meeting to reflect on the conflict and its aftermath, which claimed the lives of nearly 60,000 U.S. troops in Vietnam. We went to the town hall to hear from community leaders, veterans and activists. \u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp> \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"disqusTitle": "Tesla Unveils Its Electric 'Semi' Truck, and Adds a Roadster",
"title": "Tesla Unveils Its Electric 'Semi' Truck, and Adds a Roadster",
"headTitle": "The California Report | KQED News",
"content": "\u003cp>A workhorse truck and a new supercar are in the works for Tesla, after founder and CEO Elon Musk introduced his company's latest effort to widen the U.S. market for electric vehicles Thursday night. Musk called the Roadster \"the fastest production car ever made, period.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Musk unveiled \u003ca href=\"https://www.tesla.com/roadster/\">the Roadster\u003c/a> toward the end of an event that was supposed to be all about Tesla's new \u003ca href=\"https://www.tesla.com/semi/\">Semi trucks\u003c/a>. Taking a page from Apple and other tech companies in using showmanship to wow crowds, Musk surprised the crowd by announcing there was one more thing to add — and the new car rolled out of the truck's trailer.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>After touting the utility and efficiency of what he called a game-changing truck, Musk welcomed the Roadster to cheers from those attending the event at the Hawthorne Municipal Airport near Los Angeles.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Both vehicles are fast: The Roadster can take itself from zero to 60 mph in 1.9 seconds, and the Semi can perform the same feat in five seconds (unburdened by a trailer), Tesla says.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Touting the sports car's speed, \u003ca href=\"https://twitter.com/Tesla/status/931409569640677376\">Tesla tweeted\u003c/a>, \"Going into plaid\" — a reference to a hyperspace joke from the movie \u003cem>Spaceballs\u003c/em>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>https://twitter.com/Tesla/status/931409569640677376\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>From there, the specs diverge.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The truck has a 500-mile range on one charge even if it's fully loaded at a gross vehicle weight of 80,000 pounds. It also comes with a million-mile guarantee on its powertrain. Musk said it will be able to maintain a speed of 65 mph while going up a 5 percent grade.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>By contrast, the Roadster will be able to run a quarter-mile in 8.9 seconds. Its top speed is \"above 250 mph,\" Musk said. The Roadster will have a range of 620 miles, he added.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The Roadster will be available in 2020.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[contextly_sidebar id=\"ZjveRLi8iGxeIVIYBmEHXgXLeNK4YYR8\"]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Production of the truck is expected to begin in 2019; Musk said customers who order now would get the vehicles in two years.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>On the morning after the unveiling, trucking and freight company J.B. Hunt announced that it had placed a reservation to buy \"multiple Tesla Semi tractors,\" adding that it plans to use them mainly on the West Coast.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"Reserving Tesla trucks marks an important step in our efforts to implement industry-changing technology,\" J.B. Hunt President and CEO John Roberts said in a news release. \"We believe electric trucks will be most beneficial on local and dray routes, and we look forward to utilizing this new, sustainable technology.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11631975\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 800px\">\u003cimg class=\"size-medium wp-image-11631975\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2017/11/tesla-semi-wide-6347b1a9092cad773a46d19e620e5c8f486d001e-800x600.jpg\" alt='Trucking and freight company J.B. Hunt has already announced that it had placed a reservation to buy \"multiple Tesla Semi tractors.\"' width=\"800\" height=\"600\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/11/tesla-semi-wide-6347b1a9092cad773a46d19e620e5c8f486d001e-800x600.jpg 800w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/11/tesla-semi-wide-6347b1a9092cad773a46d19e620e5c8f486d001e-160x120.jpg 160w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/11/tesla-semi-wide-6347b1a9092cad773a46d19e620e5c8f486d001e-1020x765.jpg 1020w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/11/tesla-semi-wide-6347b1a9092cad773a46d19e620e5c8f486d001e-1180x885.jpg 1180w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/11/tesla-semi-wide-6347b1a9092cad773a46d19e620e5c8f486d001e-960x720.jpg 960w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/11/tesla-semi-wide-6347b1a9092cad773a46d19e620e5c8f486d001e-240x180.jpg 240w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/11/tesla-semi-wide-6347b1a9092cad773a46d19e620e5c8f486d001e-375x281.jpg 375w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/11/tesla-semi-wide-6347b1a9092cad773a46d19e620e5c8f486d001e-520x390.jpg 520w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/11/tesla-semi-wide-6347b1a9092cad773a46d19e620e5c8f486d001e.jpg 1695w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Trucking and freight company J.B. Hunt has already announced that it had placed a reservation to buy \"multiple Tesla Semi tractors.\" \u003ccite>(Tesla)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Tesla hasn't released a price for the Semi, but the Roadster will cost at least $200,000 depending on the options chosen, the company says. Reservations for both vehicles can be made with an initial deposit of $5,000 — but in the case of the Roadster, a total of at least $50,000 is due within 10 days.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In his presentation, Musk said the cost of operating an electric tractor-trailer would be $1.26 per mile, compared with $1.51 per mile in a diesel truck. The figure assumes a diesel price of $2.50 a gallon versus 7 cents/kWh for electricity and a maximum load traveling at an average speed of 60 mph. The company says that will translate into thousands of dollars in savings.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[contextly_sidebar id=\"H1l3KoaStg40cVHwGIZcYFnNkTY92L7S\"]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"Electric motors have advantages for hauling: fewer moving parts, cheap fuel and zero tailpipe pollution,\" NPR's Emily Sullivan reports. \"But charging can be a challenge and Tesla big rigs will cost far more than diesel trucks.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In describing the truck, Musk also said its windshield is made of \"thermonuclear explosion-proof glass\" — a feature he says will help truckers stay on the road. Regulations require commercial trucks to be sidelined if their windshields are cracked in a way that could affect the driver's view.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Also unique to the Semi is the driver's seating position. The chair and steering wheel are in the cab's center.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11631976\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 800px\">\u003cimg class=\"size-medium wp-image-11631976\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2017/11/tesla-semi-in_wide-7ab1b3a437bf62e16d06a2d95a98063f4a92ec79-800x450.jpg\" alt=\"The driver's seat of the Tesla Semi is positioned in the center of the cab — which also provides standing room, the company says.\" width=\"800\" height=\"450\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">The driver's seat of the Tesla Semi is positioned in the center of the cab — which also provides standing room, the company says. \u003ccite>(Tesla)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Although Thursday night's event celebrated Tesla's largest and smallest new offerings, the company is grappling with how to smooth problems that have hit its flagship Model 3.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The family car was supposed to be Tesla's opening to a broad market, with a sticker price starting at $35,000 — but production snags have meant that instead of making thousands of Model 3s each month, Tesla \u003ca href=\"https://www.npr.org/2017/10/03/555417831/out-of-the-gate-tesla-stumbles-on-mass-market-car\">produced only 260 in September\u003c/a>. The anemic number fell far short of expectations; the company had received 140,000 advance orders for the car within hours of it being announced in the spring of 2016.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Those setbacks didn't do much to dampen the hype surrounding Thursday's unveiling — and it gained more energy as the Roadster, which from 2008 to 2012 was Tesla's star vehicle, returned to the lineup. In what has become something of a pattern in recent years, Musk has unveiled ambitious and even visionary new plans for Tesla, as the company copes with putting those ideas into effect — and cars on the road.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>As Andrew J. Hawkins wrote of the new Roadster and Semi for \u003ca href=\"https://www.theverge.com/2017/11/17/16669142/tesla-semi-roadster-2017-supercut-watch\">The Verge\u003c/a>, \"These are just concept vehicles, really, but it's Tesla, and nothing is really ever as it seems.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cdiv class=\"fullattribution\">Copyright 2017 NPR. To see more, visit http://www.npr.org/.\u003cimg src=\"https://www.google-analytics.com/__utm.gif?utmac=UA-5828686-4&utmdt=Tesla+Unveils+Its+Electric+%27Semi%27+Truck%2C+And+Adds+A+Roadster&utme=8(APIKey)9(MDAxOTAwOTE4MDEyMTkxMDAzNjczZDljZA004)\">\u003c/div>\n\n",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>A workhorse truck and a new supercar are in the works for Tesla, after founder and CEO Elon Musk introduced his company's latest effort to widen the U.S. market for electric vehicles Thursday night. Musk called the Roadster \"the fastest production car ever made, period.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Musk unveiled \u003ca href=\"https://www.tesla.com/roadster/\">the Roadster\u003c/a> toward the end of an event that was supposed to be all about Tesla's new \u003ca href=\"https://www.tesla.com/semi/\">Semi trucks\u003c/a>. Taking a page from Apple and other tech companies in using showmanship to wow crowds, Musk surprised the crowd by announcing there was one more thing to add — and the new car rolled out of the truck's trailer.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>After touting the utility and efficiency of what he called a game-changing truck, Musk welcomed the Roadster to cheers from those attending the event at the Hawthorne Municipal Airport near Los Angeles.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Both vehicles are fast: The Roadster can take itself from zero to 60 mph in 1.9 seconds, and the Semi can perform the same feat in five seconds (unburdened by a trailer), Tesla says.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Touting the sports car's speed, \u003ca href=\"https://twitter.com/Tesla/status/931409569640677376\">Tesla tweeted\u003c/a>, \"Going into plaid\" — a reference to a hyperspace joke from the movie \u003cem>Spaceballs\u003c/em>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\n\u003cp>From there, the specs diverge.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The truck has a 500-mile range on one charge even if it's fully loaded at a gross vehicle weight of 80,000 pounds. It also comes with a million-mile guarantee on its powertrain. Musk said it will be able to maintain a speed of 65 mph while going up a 5 percent grade.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>By contrast, the Roadster will be able to run a quarter-mile in 8.9 seconds. Its top speed is \"above 250 mph,\" Musk said. The Roadster will have a range of 620 miles, he added.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The Roadster will be available in 2020.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Production of the truck is expected to begin in 2019; Musk said customers who order now would get the vehicles in two years.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>On the morning after the unveiling, trucking and freight company J.B. Hunt announced that it had placed a reservation to buy \"multiple Tesla Semi tractors,\" adding that it plans to use them mainly on the West Coast.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"Reserving Tesla trucks marks an important step in our efforts to implement industry-changing technology,\" J.B. Hunt President and CEO John Roberts said in a news release. \"We believe electric trucks will be most beneficial on local and dray routes, and we look forward to utilizing this new, sustainable technology.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11631975\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 800px\">\u003cimg class=\"size-medium wp-image-11631975\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2017/11/tesla-semi-wide-6347b1a9092cad773a46d19e620e5c8f486d001e-800x600.jpg\" alt='Trucking and freight company J.B. Hunt has already announced that it had placed a reservation to buy \"multiple Tesla Semi tractors.\"' width=\"800\" height=\"600\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/11/tesla-semi-wide-6347b1a9092cad773a46d19e620e5c8f486d001e-800x600.jpg 800w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/11/tesla-semi-wide-6347b1a9092cad773a46d19e620e5c8f486d001e-160x120.jpg 160w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/11/tesla-semi-wide-6347b1a9092cad773a46d19e620e5c8f486d001e-1020x765.jpg 1020w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/11/tesla-semi-wide-6347b1a9092cad773a46d19e620e5c8f486d001e-1180x885.jpg 1180w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/11/tesla-semi-wide-6347b1a9092cad773a46d19e620e5c8f486d001e-960x720.jpg 960w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/11/tesla-semi-wide-6347b1a9092cad773a46d19e620e5c8f486d001e-240x180.jpg 240w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/11/tesla-semi-wide-6347b1a9092cad773a46d19e620e5c8f486d001e-375x281.jpg 375w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/11/tesla-semi-wide-6347b1a9092cad773a46d19e620e5c8f486d001e-520x390.jpg 520w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/11/tesla-semi-wide-6347b1a9092cad773a46d19e620e5c8f486d001e.jpg 1695w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Trucking and freight company J.B. Hunt has already announced that it had placed a reservation to buy \"multiple Tesla Semi tractors.\" \u003ccite>(Tesla)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Tesla hasn't released a price for the Semi, but the Roadster will cost at least $200,000 depending on the options chosen, the company says. Reservations for both vehicles can be made with an initial deposit of $5,000 — but in the case of the Roadster, a total of at least $50,000 is due within 10 days.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In his presentation, Musk said the cost of operating an electric tractor-trailer would be $1.26 per mile, compared with $1.51 per mile in a diesel truck. The figure assumes a diesel price of $2.50 a gallon versus 7 cents/kWh for electricity and a maximum load traveling at an average speed of 60 mph. The company says that will translate into thousands of dollars in savings.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"Electric motors have advantages for hauling: fewer moving parts, cheap fuel and zero tailpipe pollution,\" NPR's Emily Sullivan reports. \"But charging can be a challenge and Tesla big rigs will cost far more than diesel trucks.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In describing the truck, Musk also said its windshield is made of \"thermonuclear explosion-proof glass\" — a feature he says will help truckers stay on the road. Regulations require commercial trucks to be sidelined if their windshields are cracked in a way that could affect the driver's view.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Also unique to the Semi is the driver's seating position. The chair and steering wheel are in the cab's center.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11631976\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 800px\">\u003cimg class=\"size-medium wp-image-11631976\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2017/11/tesla-semi-in_wide-7ab1b3a437bf62e16d06a2d95a98063f4a92ec79-800x450.jpg\" alt=\"The driver's seat of the Tesla Semi is positioned in the center of the cab — which also provides standing room, the company says.\" width=\"800\" height=\"450\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">The driver's seat of the Tesla Semi is positioned in the center of the cab — which also provides standing room, the company says. \u003ccite>(Tesla)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Although Thursday night's event celebrated Tesla's largest and smallest new offerings, the company is grappling with how to smooth problems that have hit its flagship Model 3.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The family car was supposed to be Tesla's opening to a broad market, with a sticker price starting at $35,000 — but production snags have meant that instead of making thousands of Model 3s each month, Tesla \u003ca href=\"https://www.npr.org/2017/10/03/555417831/out-of-the-gate-tesla-stumbles-on-mass-market-car\">produced only 260 in September\u003c/a>. The anemic number fell far short of expectations; the company had received 140,000 advance orders for the car within hours of it being announced in the spring of 2016.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Those setbacks didn't do much to dampen the hype surrounding Thursday's unveiling — and it gained more energy as the Roadster, which from 2008 to 2012 was Tesla's star vehicle, returned to the lineup. In what has become something of a pattern in recent years, Musk has unveiled ambitious and even visionary new plans for Tesla, as the company copes with putting those ideas into effect — and cars on the road.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>As Andrew J. Hawkins wrote of the new Roadster and Semi for \u003ca href=\"https://www.theverge.com/2017/11/17/16669142/tesla-semi-roadster-2017-supercut-watch\">The Verge\u003c/a>, \"These are just concept vehicles, really, but it's Tesla, and nothing is really ever as it seems.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cdiv class=\"fullattribution\">Copyright 2017 NPR. To see more, visit http://www.npr.org/.\u003cimg src=\"https://www.google-analytics.com/__utm.gif?utmac=UA-5828686-4&utmdt=Tesla+Unveils+Its+Electric+%27Semi%27+Truck%2C+And+Adds+A+Roadster&utme=8(APIKey)9(MDAxOTAwOTE4MDEyMTkxMDAzNjczZDljZA004)\">\u003c/div>\n\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>",
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},
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"info": "KQED’s statewide radio news program providing daily coverage of issues, trends and public policy decisions.",
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"officialWebsiteLink": "/californiareport",
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"order": 8
},
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"info": "Every week, The California Report Magazine takes you on a road trip for the ears: to visit the places and meet the people who make California unique. The in-depth storytelling podcast from the California Report.",
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},
"link": "https://www.cityarts.net",
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"order": 1
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"info": "\u003cem>Code Switch\u003c/em>, which listeners will hear in the first part of the hour, has fearless and much-needed conversations about race. Hosted by journalists of color, the show tackles the subject of race head-on, exploring how it impacts every part of society — from politics and pop culture to history, sports and more.\u003cbr />\u003cbr />\u003cem>Life Kit\u003c/em>, which will be in the second part of the hour, guides you through spaces and feelings no one prepares you for — from finances to mental health, from workplace microaggressions to imposter syndrome, from relationships to parenting. The show features experts with real world experience and shares their knowledge. Because everyone needs a little help being human.\u003cbr />\u003cbr />\u003ca href=\"https://www.npr.org/podcasts/510312/codeswitch\">\u003cem>Code Switch\u003c/em> offical site and podcast\u003c/a>\u003cbr />\u003ca href=\"https://www.npr.org/lifekit\">\u003cem>Life Kit\u003c/em> offical site and podcast\u003c/a>\u003cbr />",
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"id": "commonwealth-club",
"title": "Commonwealth Club of California Podcast",
"info": "The Commonwealth Club of California is the nation's oldest and largest public affairs forum. As a non-partisan forum, The Club brings to the public airwaves diverse viewpoints on important topics. The Club's weekly radio broadcast - the oldest in the U.S., dating back to 1924 - is carried across the nation on public radio stations and is now podcasting. Our website archive features audio of our recent programs, as well as selected speeches from our long and distinguished history. This podcast feed is usually updated twice a week and is always un-edited.",
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"source": "Commonwealth Club of California"
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"google": "https://podcasts.google.com/feed/aHR0cDovL3d3dy5jb21tb253ZWFsdGhjbHViLm9yZy9hdWRpby9wb2RjYXN0L3dlZWtseS54bWw",
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"order": 9
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"meta": {
"site": "radio",
"source": "WNYC"
},
"link": "/radio/program/freakonomics-radio",
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"id": "fresh-air",
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"info": "A live production of NPR and WBUR Boston, in collaboration with stations across the country, Here & Now reflects the fluid world of news as it's happening in the middle of the day, with timely, in-depth news, interviews and conversation. Hosted by Robin Young, Jeremy Hobson and Tonya Mosley.",
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"hidden-brain": {
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"source": "NPR"
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"how-i-built-this": {
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"info": "Guy Raz dives into the stories behind some of the world's best known companies. How I Built This weaves a narrative journey about innovators, entrepreneurs and idealists—and the movements they built.",
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"airtime": "SUN 7:30pm-8pm",
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"hyphenacion": {
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"tagline": "Where conversation and cultura meet",
"info": "What kind of no sabo word is Hyphenación? For us, it’s about living within a hyphenation. Like being a third-gen Mexican-American from the Texas border now living that Bay Area Chicano life. Like Xorje! Each week we bring together a couple of hyphenated Latinos to talk all about personal life choices: family, careers, relationships, belonging … everything is on the table. ",
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"jerrybrown": {
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"title": "The Political Mind of Jerry Brown",
"tagline": "Lessons from a lifetime in politics",
"info": "The Political Mind of Jerry Brown brings listeners the wisdom of the former Governor, Mayor, and presidential candidate. Scott Shafer interviewed Brown for more than 40 hours, covering the former governor's life and half-century in the political game – and Brown has some lessons he'd like to share. ",
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"order": 18
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},
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"id": "latino-usa",
"title": "Latino USA",
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"info": "Latino USA, the radio journal of news and culture, is the only national, English-language radio program produced from a Latino perspective.",
"imageSrc": "https://ww2.kqed.org/radio/wp-content/uploads/sites/50/2018/04/latinoUsa.jpg",
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"link": "/radio/program/latino-usa",
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},
"marketplace": {
"id": "marketplace",
"title": "Marketplace",
"info": "Our flagship program, helmed by Kai Ryssdal, examines what the day in money delivered, through stories, conversations, newsworthy numbers and more. Updated Monday through Friday at about 3:30 p.m. PT.",
"airtime": "MON-FRI 4pm-4:30pm, MON-WED 6:30pm-7pm",
"imageSrc": "https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/04/Marketplace-Podcast-Tile-360x360-1.jpg",
"officialWebsiteLink": "https://www.marketplace.org/",
"meta": {
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"source": "American Public Media"
},
"link": "/radio/program/marketplace",
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"masters-of-scale": {
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"title": "Masters of Scale",
"info": "Masters of Scale is an original podcast in which LinkedIn co-founder and Greylock Partner Reid Hoffman sets out to describe and prove theories that explain how great entrepreneurs take their companies from zero to a gazillion in ingenious fashion.",
"airtime": "Every other Wednesday June 12 through October 16 at 8pm (repeats Thursdays at 2am)",
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"source": "WaitWhat"
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"rss": "https://rss.art19.com/masters-of-scale"
}
},
"mindshift": {
"id": "mindshift",
"title": "MindShift",
"tagline": "A podcast about the future of learning and how we raise our kids",
"info": "The MindShift podcast explores the innovations in education that are shaping how kids learn. Hosts Ki Sung and Katrina Schwartz introduce listeners to educators, researchers, parents and students who are developing effective ways to improve how kids learn. We cover topics like how fed-up administrators are developing surprising tactics to deal with classroom disruptions; how listening to podcasts are helping kids develop reading skills; the consequences of overparenting; and why interdisciplinary learning can engage students on all ends of the traditional achievement spectrum. This podcast is part of the MindShift education site, a division of KQED News. KQED is an NPR/PBS member station based in San Francisco. You can also visit the MindShift website for episodes and supplemental blog posts or tweet us \u003ca href=\"https://twitter.com/MindShiftKQED\">@MindShiftKQED\u003c/a> or visit us at \u003ca href=\"/mindshift\">MindShift.KQED.org\u003c/a>",
"imageSrc": "https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/04/Mindshift-Podcast-Tile-703x703-1.jpg",
"imageAlt": "KQED MindShift: How We Will Learn",
"officialWebsiteLink": "/mindshift/",
"meta": {
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"source": "kqed",
"order": 12
},
"link": "/podcasts/mindshift",
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"google": "https://podcasts.google.com/feed/aHR0cHM6Ly9mZWVkcy5tZWdhcGhvbmUuZm0vS1FJTkM1NzY0NjAwNDI5",
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}
},
"morning-edition": {
"id": "morning-edition",
"title": "Morning Edition",
"info": "\u003cem>Morning Edition\u003c/em> takes listeners around the country and the world with multi-faceted stories and commentaries every weekday. Hosts Steve Inskeep, David Greene and Rachel Martin bring you the latest breaking news and features to prepare you for the day.",
"airtime": "MON-FRI 3am-9am",
"imageSrc": "https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/04/Morning-Edition-Podcast-Tile-360x360-1.jpg",
"officialWebsiteLink": "https://www.npr.org/programs/morning-edition/",
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"link": "/radio/program/morning-edition"
},
"onourwatch": {
"id": "onourwatch",
"title": "On Our Watch",
"tagline": "Deeply-reported investigative journalism",
"info": "For decades, the process for how police police themselves has been inconsistent – if not opaque. In some states, like California, these proceedings were completely hidden. After a new police transparency law unsealed scores of internal affairs files, our reporters set out to examine these cases and the shadow world of police discipline. On Our Watch brings listeners into the rooms where officers are questioned and witnesses are interrogated to find out who this system is really protecting. Is it the officers, or the public they've sworn to serve?",
"imageSrc": "https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/04/On-Our-Watch-Podcast-Tile-703x703-1.jpg",
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"officialWebsiteLink": "/podcasts/onourwatch",
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"source": "kqed",
"order": 11
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