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"disqusTitle": "Calif. Stem Cell Agency Has Yet to Fund an FDA-Approved Cure. Will Voters Give It $5 Billion More?",
"title": "Calif. Stem Cell Agency Has Yet to Fund an FDA-Approved Cure. Will Voters Give It $5 Billion More?",
"headTitle": "KQED Future of You | KQED Science",
"content": "\u003cp>The year was 2004, and great medical breakthroughs were supposedly right around the corner.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In TV advertisements, celebrities\u003ca href=\"https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=fK9Eg0GVl7Q\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"> Michael J. Fox\u003c/a> and \u003ca href=\"https://preview-archives.nbclearn.com/portal/site/k-12/browse/?cuecard=4336\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Christopher Reeve, \u003c/a>both suffering from incurable conditions, touted the promise of stem cell research, which could lead to a plethora of cures for life-threatening diseases.\u003c/p>\n\u003caside class=\"pullquote alignright\">Will California's appetite for funding stem cell research last?\u003c/aside>\n\u003cp>The ads ran in support of \u003ca href=\"https://ballotpedia.org/California_Proposition_71,_Stem_Cell_Research_(2004)\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Proposition 71\u003c/a>, a $3 billion California bond measure that would create the first state-funded stem cell agency in the nation. Three years earlier, the George W. Bush administration had \u003ca href=\"http://www.presidency.ucsb.edu/ws/?pid=79025\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">issued\u003c/a> rules to limit use of stem cells obtained from human embryos. But California voters easily passed Proposition 71, 59-41 percent. The California Institute for Regenerative Medicine, or \u003ca href=\"https://www.cirm.ca.gov/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">CIRM\u003c/a>, was born. Its mission: to fund and accelerate stem-cell-related treatments.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Fourteen years and billions of dollars later, the agency is running out of money, and backers of stem cell research \u003ca href=\"http://capitolweekly.net/stem-cell-agency-nears-5-billion-ballot-plan/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">plan\u003c/a> on asking California voters to pony up for round two.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>And those stem cell breakthroughs?\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Still right around the corner. Or, if you're an optimist, perhaps rounding it, now.\u003c/p>\n\u003caside class=\"alignright\">Promising but as yet unapproved therapies funded by CIRM\n\u003cul>\n\u003cli>Slowing or reversing \u003ca href=\"https://newswise.com/articles/jcyte-presents-results-of-clinical-testing-in-retinitis-pigmentosa2\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">retinitis pigmentosa\u003c/a>\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>New shunt for \u003ca href=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/futureofyou/2016/10/12/new-stem-cell-technology-could-make-life-easier-for-kidney-disease-patients/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">kidney dialysis patients\u003c/a>\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>Gene therapy for children with no \u003ca href=\"https://blog.cirm.ca.gov/tag/evangelina-padilla-vaccaro/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">functioning immune system\u003c/a>\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>Help for \u003ca href=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/futureofyou/2017/10/04/spinal-patients-continue-remarkable-recovery-after-stem-cell-injections-company-says/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">spinal-injury victims\u003c/a>\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>Lab-modified cells to treat \u003ca href=\"https://blog.cirm.ca.gov/2017/07/20/stem-cell-agency-funds-phase-3-clinical-trial-for-lou-gehrigs-disease/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">ALS patients\u003c/a>\u003c/li>\n\u003c/ul>\n\u003c/aside>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>The Pitch\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Stem cell research proponents — including the same advocacy group that backed Proposition 71 — want to ask voters in the November 2020 election for $5 billion in bond money to continue the work of CIRM.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>For voters, there will be one major question, according to Zev Yaroslavsky, an expert on state politics and government at UCLA.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“The public will want to know what they’ve gotten for their money.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_188656\" class=\"wp-caption alignleft\" style=\"max-width: 351px\">\u003cimg class=\" wp-image-188656\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/futureofyou/wp-content/uploads/sites/13/2016/06/StemCells-800x534.jpg\" alt=\"Buttons with the slogan 'Save Lives With Stem Cells,' in support of Prop. 71 at the Stem Cell Research Proposition Party at the Biltmore Hotel Nov. 2, 2004 in Los Angeles, California.\" width=\"351\" height=\"234\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Buttons with the slogan 'Save Lives With Stem Cells,' in support of Prop. 71 in 2004. \u003ccite>(Frazer Harrison/Getty Images)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Yaroslavsky expects to see plenty of funding measures on the 2020 ballot, including a parks bond and money for open space and schools, not to mention repeal of the gas tax.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“At what point do people start to vote no on everything?\" Yaroslavsky said. \"Or prioritize which of those many good causes they want to spend their money on?”\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_262540\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 640px\">\u003cimg class=\"size-full wp-image-262540\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/futureofyou/wp-content/uploads/sites/13/2016/10/HumanEScellsintoneurons.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"640\" height=\"588\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/13/2016/10/HumanEScellsintoneurons.jpg 640w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/13/2016/10/HumanEScellsintoneurons-400x368.jpg 400w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 640px) 100vw, 640px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Human embryonic stem cells differentiating into neurons \u003ccite>(Guoping Fan/UCLA/CIRM)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Robert Klein, who spearheaded the original 2004 ballot measure and served as the CIRM board's first chairman, still heads the advocacy group, \u003ca href=\"https://americansforcures.org/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Americans for Cures\u003c/a>, that pushed Proposition 71. Medical science isn't exactly his field — he's president of a Palo Alto-based real estate development firm — but he got involved in stem cell funding because of his son's Type 1 diabetes, which is incurable.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Klein said re-funding the stem cell agency is not just a good cause, but good business.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“It has been a creator of jobs, and the state benefits from taxes by attracting research centers here,” he said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[contextly_sidebar id=\"Bv07QyLXQ031CUEZCQOytRKusurX2p1i\"]A 2012 \u003ca href=\"https://www.cirm.ca.gov/sites/default/files/files/about_cirm/Econ_Impact_REPORT_updated_2012.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">independent review\u003c/a> commissioned by CIRM and looking forward through 2014 estimated that its grants plus matching funds would result in an average of over 4,000 jobs created per year, and $205 million in state tax revenue.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>As for the proposed new funding, Klein said the $5 billion bond cost would be amortized over 40 years, so it’s not a huge cost compared to other government projects.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Look, we paid \u003ca href=\"https://www.citylab.com/equity/2015/10/from-250-million-to-65-billion-the-bay-bridge-cost-overrun/410254/\">$6.5 billion\u003c/a> just to fix the eastern span of the Bay Bridge,” Klein said. “That’s road infrastructure — this is more like [funding] the intellectual infrastructure of California.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Where Are the Cures?\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Stem cells are undifferentiated cells that can be transformed into specific tissue and organ cells. The 2004 ballot initiative struck an emotional chord, in part because of the high-profile cases of actors Reeve and Fox, who personified the hope that the cells could play a role in new therapies for incurable medical conditions. Reeve, who died in 2004, became a quadriplegic after injuring his spine in a horse-riding accident; Fox has Parkinson’s, a neurodegenerative disease.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In Fox's \u003ca href=\"https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=fK9Eg0GVl7Q\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">30-second spot\u003c/a>, he used the word “cures” three times.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=fK9Eg0GVl7Q\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>So has CIRM produced any cures?\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The family of 5-year-old \u003ca href=\"https://blog.cirm.ca.gov/tag/evangelina-padilla-vaccaro/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Evangelina Padilla-Vaccaro\u003c/a> would say yes.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Evangelina was born with a rare genetic condition called Severe Combined Immunodeficiency, or\u003ca href=\"https://www.genome.gov/13014325/learning-about-severe-combined-immunodeficiency-scid/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"> SCID\u003c/a>, also known as “bubble baby” disease. The ailment renders a patient's immune system nonfunctioning. The National Institutes of Health \u003ca href=\"https://www.genome.gov/13014325/learning-about-severe-combined-immunodeficiency-scid/#al-3\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">estimates\u003c/a> approximately 40 to 100 children in the U.S. each year are diagnosed with the malady.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>A team of UCLA clinical researchers, partially funded by CIRM, genetically modified Evangelina’s own blood stem cells to correct the SCID mutation.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>She was cured.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Evangelina was the first to undergo the treatment, back when she was just a few months old. And now, CIRM says, at least 40 other children have been cured with the same procedure.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_438299\" class=\"wp-caption alignright\" style=\"max-width: 576px\">\u003cimg class=\"size-full wp-image-438299\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/futureofyou/wp-content/uploads/sites/13/2018/01/evangelina_treatment.jpg\" alt=\"Baby in a hospital bed\" width=\"576\" height=\"768\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/13/2018/01/evangelina_treatment.jpg 576w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/13/2018/01/evangelina_treatment-160x213.jpg 160w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/13/2018/01/evangelina_treatment-240x320.jpg 240w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/13/2018/01/evangelina_treatment-375x500.jpg 375w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/13/2018/01/evangelina_treatment-520x693.jpg 520w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 576px) 100vw, 576px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Evangelina being treated by Don Kohn and his team in 2012. \u003ccite>(UCLA)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Despite this success, the SCID trial is only in Phase 2. CIRM has only two trials in Phase 3, a necessary step before FDA approval: one testing a \u003ca href=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/futureofyou/2016/10/12/new-stem-cell-technology-could-make-life-easier-for-kidney-disease-patients/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">new port\u003c/a> for kidney dialysis patients that is made out of human tissue and would not have to be replaced; and one that aims to\u003ca href=\"http://www.cirm.ca.gov/about-cirm/newsroom/press-releases/07202017/phase-3-clinical-trial-targeting-lou-gehrigs-disease\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"> slow down\u003c/a> the progression of Lou Gehrig's disease.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Other promising CIRM-funded therapies include slowing or \u003ca href=\"https://newswise.com/articles/jcyte-presents-results-of-clinical-testing-in-retinitis-pigmentosa2\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">reversing\u003c/a> retinitis pigmentosa, a genetic abnormality that destroys a person’s sight; and \u003ca href=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/futureofyou/2017/10/26/paralyzed-patients-regain-movement-in-stem-cell-trial-is-it-too-early-to-celebrate/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">injecting stem cells\u003c/a> into patients with severe spinal injuries.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The FDA has made several of these therapies eligible for priority review by granting them Regenerative Medicine Advanced Therapy, or \u003ca href=\"https://www.fda.gov/BiologicsBloodVaccines/CellularGeneTherapyProducts/ucm537670.htm\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">RMAT\u003c/a>, status.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Clinical trials and research in less-advanced stages are ongoing for many other \u003ca href=\"https://www.cirm.ca.gov/grants\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">diseases and conditions\u003c/a>, including brain cancer, diabetes and HIV.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But the fact remains: Although this could change in the run-up to the election, no CIRM-funded stem cell treatment has yet to be approved by the FDA.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Miracles Capture the Imagination\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Even outside of CIRM, only a handful of stem cell-related therapies have been approved for general use. Yet, stem cell research has captured the public's imagination with flashes of the miraculous.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_438300\" class=\"wp-caption alignright\" style=\"max-width: 594px\">\u003cimg class=\"size-full wp-image-438300\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/futureofyou/wp-content/uploads/sites/13/2018/01/GettyImages-149183631.jpg\" alt=\"Middle aged man looks at camera.\" width=\"594\" height=\"396\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/13/2018/01/GettyImages-149183631.jpg 594w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/13/2018/01/GettyImages-149183631-160x107.jpg 160w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/13/2018/01/GettyImages-149183631-240x160.jpg 240w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/13/2018/01/GettyImages-149183631-375x250.jpg 375w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/13/2018/01/GettyImages-149183631-520x347.jpg 520w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 594px) 100vw, 594px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Timothy Ray Brown, known as the 'Berlin patient' and the only person to have been cured of AIDS, at a press conference in 2012. \u003ccite>(T.J. Kirkpatrick/Getty Images)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Timothy Ray Brown, the famous \"\u003ca href=\"http://defeathiv.org/berlin/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Berlin patient\u003c/a>,\" for example, is an HIV patient who received a bone marrow transplant from a donor with a genetic mutation that endowed resistance to HIV. The transplant effectively cured Brown of the disease. However, there are currently a dearth of potential donors with the correct mutation, so researchers hope to create them, for use in patients' blood systems.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The bubble baby breakthrough and positive initial results in other CIRM-funded trials are strong selling points, said David Jensen, a journalist who covers stem cell research and writes a blog called \u003ca href=\"http://californiastemcellreport.blogspot.com/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">California Stem Cell Report.\u003c/a>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"There are some things CIRM can point to that are really impressive,\" Jensen said. \"It’s a pretty big deal in the world of science. It's the largest single source of funding for embryonic stem cell research in the world, and that’s no small thing.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[contextly_sidebar id=\"jHMWEkOPxg4IYTLSL83TfP2I7GjhjcyI\"]That doesn't necessarily mean voters will agree to re-fund it, he said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Kevin McCormack, CIRM’s director of public communications and patient advocate outreach, said there's still time for CIRM to make a bigger splash.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“We’ve still got two more years,” McCormack said. “By 2020 I think people will see that CIRM-funded therapies are not just changing lives but saving lives.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Overpromising: Something CIRM Has 'Had to Live With'\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Klein, the backer of Proposition 71, said the 2004 campaign never promised cures during the lifetime of the stem cell agency, only progress toward attaining them.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“What we put in the ballot arguments is that we had to make major progress in mitigating disease, and moving toward cures,” Klein said. He feels that certainly has been achieved— and more. “In terms of progress toward the ultimate goal of cures, it’s remarkable what progress has been made.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"When I look back, I think we have out-achieved the representations we put on the ballot.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But even CIRM's McCormack has said, in an \u003ca href=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/futureofyou/2016/06/22/stem-cells-where-science-hope-and-hype-meet/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">interview with KQED\u003c/a> in 2016, that overpromising by the Proposition 71 campaign is \"something [CIRM] has had to live with.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Opposition during the \u003ca href=\"https://ballotpedia.org/California_Proposition_71,_Stem_Cell_Research_(2004)\">first ballot measure\u003c/a> was based mostly on religious concerns about using embryonic stem cells, on the large amount of money (the $3 billion price tag actually costs taxpayers $6 billion when interest is included) and on the lack of any guarantees of specific achievements.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Jensen expects religious objections to resurface when the election campaigns ramp up — but that those might not gain traction, because the field has expanded into adult and \u003ca href=\"https://stemcell.ucla.edu/induced-pluripotent-stem-cells\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">induced pluripotent stem cells\u003c/a> in addition to embryonic cells.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_438301\" class=\"wp-caption alignleft\" style=\"max-width: 570px\">\u003cimg class=\"size-full wp-image-438301\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/futureofyou/wp-content/uploads/sites/13/2018/01/cured_ar_2016_cover.png\" alt=\"\" width=\"570\" height=\"600\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/13/2018/01/cured_ar_2016_cover.png 570w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/13/2018/01/cured_ar_2016_cover-160x168.png 160w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/13/2018/01/cured_ar_2016_cover-240x253.png 240w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/13/2018/01/cured_ar_2016_cover-375x395.png 375w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/13/2018/01/cured_ar_2016_cover-520x547.png 520w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 570px) 100vw, 570px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Evangelina Padilla-Vaccaro on the cover of CIRM's \u003ca href=\"https://www.cirm.ca.gov/about-cirm/cirm-annual-reports\">2016 Annual Report\u003c/a>. \u003ccite>(CIRM)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>And since the poster child for stem cell success could very well be the pint-sized and happy-faced Evangelina Padilla-Vaccaro, it may be hard to argue that these concerns outweigh not having to live in a bubble.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"I mean, how can you be against that?\" Jensen said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But some opposition has sprung up even inside the medical community. Barbara Koenig, head of the bioethics program at UCSF, pointed to ongoing concerns about conflict of interest at the agency — 90 percent of all spending benefited organizations that have been represented on the \u003ca href=\"https://www.cirm.ca.gov/board-and-meetings/list-icoc-members\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">governing board\u003c/a>, Jensen has been \u003ca href=\"http://capitolweekly.net/californias-stem-cell-agency-future-uncertain/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">reporting\u003c/a>— and the public governance that she said has been lacking. (McCormack said the expansion of companies involved in stem cell research has resulted in broader distribution of funds. He also pointed to CIRM's adoption of more stringent\u003ca href=\"https://govt.westlaw.com/calregs/Document/ICD886A9181574C3BADD5946217E13F00?viewType=FullText&originationContext=documenttoc&transitionType=CategoryPageItem&contextData=(sc.Default)&bhcp=1\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"> conflict-of-interest policies \u003c/a>in 2013.)\u003c/p>\n\u003caside class=\"pullquote alignright\">'I didn’t like the over-hyping of the immediate idea that [in 2004] there were cures around the corner. I think we need to be honest about how we’re investing in research.'\u003ccite>Barbara Koenig, UCSF bioethics program\u003cbr>\n\u003c/cite>\u003c/aside>\n\u003cp>Koenig supports stem cell research, but voted against the measure in 2004. And she has serious concerns about its possible renewal.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“I didn’t like the overhyping of the immediate idea that there were cures around the corner,” Koenig said. “I think we need to be honest about how we’re investing in research.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Ask Koenig how she might use that proposed $5 billion differently, and she responds with a moment of stunned silence.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Oh my, so many things,” she said. “I would try to figure out how to make sure every child in California has access to basic health services, nutrition, clean water . . . not just make high-priced products, but to improve public health.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>She said stem cell research \"privileges these quick-fix biotech approaches, which may make a lot of money but may not benefit the general public.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Another bioethicist, Jodi Halpern of UC Berkeley, said the ballot initiative process is no place for a basic state spending decision.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Why isn’t this a legislative issue?” Halpern asked. “We elect the Legislature to decide where California is going to spend its money. Putting this on the ballot, making it an emotional issue rather than just a financial one, that doesn’t sit right with me.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>https://www.youtube.com/watch?time_continue=59&v=FjXiRx7DvzQ\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Concerns vs. Cures\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>CIRM’s McCormack said he understands the concerns about state funding, but he said he's seen too much good come from the agency to see it wither on the budget-bickering vine.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“We are helping change the face of medicine,” he said. “We have so many clinical trials in the pipeline . . . that will pay off with therapies to help people who right now don’t have much of a chance for help, people with unmet medical needs.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>At its current spending pace, CIRM will run out of money by the \u003ca href=\"https://www.cirm.ca.gov/sites/default/files/files/agenda/171214_Agedna_Item_%234_FINAL%20Dec%202017%20President%20Report%5B7%5D.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">end of 2019\u003c/a> — roughly a year before the proposed ballot measure vote. At its December 2017 board meeting, one of the \u003ca href=\"https://www.cirm.ca.gov/sites/default/files/files/agenda/171214_Agenda_Item_%236_Presentation_Draft_1%5B2%5D_0.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">topics\u003c/a> for discussion was how to slow that spending and extend the agency’s grant-making till the end of 2020.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Board members and staffers aren’t involved in the proposed ballot measure, but they’re obviously keen on it, McCormack said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Klein said he commissioned a survey to gauge interest and attitudes toward re-funding the agency. He said the numbers are strongly positive, but he has not released those results. There have been no other California polls on the topic since 2004, according to Jensen.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Even if voter attitudes are overwhelmingly favorable toward stem cell research, proponents may find that goodwill might wilt when it comes to passing a ballot measure, UCLA’s Yaroslavsky said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad floatright]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“People do see stem cell research as something they have a stake in, but you’re going to have to explain what we got with the first $3 billion. I suspect their case with the voters will be that we need to keep momentum going. But the question is, 'Will they buy it?' ”\u003c/p>\n\n",
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"excerpt": "Fourteen years after Calif. voters approved $3 billion in funding to create a state stem cell agency, backers are planning to ask the public to pony up again. What achievements will they be able to point to?",
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"description": "Fourteen years after Calif. voters approved $3 billion in funding to create a state stem cell agency, backers are planning to ask the public to pony up again. What achievements will they be able to point to?",
"title": "Calif. Stem Cell Agency Has Yet to Fund an FDA-Approved Cure. Will Voters Give It $5 Billion More? | KQED",
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"headline": "Calif. Stem Cell Agency Has Yet to Fund an FDA-Approved Cure. Will Voters Give It $5 Billion More?",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>The year was 2004, and great medical breakthroughs were supposedly right around the corner.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In TV advertisements, celebrities\u003ca href=\"https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=fK9Eg0GVl7Q\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"> Michael J. Fox\u003c/a> and \u003ca href=\"https://preview-archives.nbclearn.com/portal/site/k-12/browse/?cuecard=4336\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Christopher Reeve, \u003c/a>both suffering from incurable conditions, touted the promise of stem cell research, which could lead to a plethora of cures for life-threatening diseases.\u003c/p>\n\u003caside class=\"pullquote alignright\">Will California's appetite for funding stem cell research last?\u003c/aside>\n\u003cp>The ads ran in support of \u003ca href=\"https://ballotpedia.org/California_Proposition_71,_Stem_Cell_Research_(2004)\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Proposition 71\u003c/a>, a $3 billion California bond measure that would create the first state-funded stem cell agency in the nation. Three years earlier, the George W. Bush administration had \u003ca href=\"http://www.presidency.ucsb.edu/ws/?pid=79025\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">issued\u003c/a> rules to limit use of stem cells obtained from human embryos. But California voters easily passed Proposition 71, 59-41 percent. The California Institute for Regenerative Medicine, or \u003ca href=\"https://www.cirm.ca.gov/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">CIRM\u003c/a>, was born. Its mission: to fund and accelerate stem-cell-related treatments.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Fourteen years and billions of dollars later, the agency is running out of money, and backers of stem cell research \u003ca href=\"http://capitolweekly.net/stem-cell-agency-nears-5-billion-ballot-plan/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">plan\u003c/a> on asking California voters to pony up for round two.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>And those stem cell breakthroughs?\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Still right around the corner. Or, if you're an optimist, perhaps rounding it, now.\u003c/p>\n\u003caside class=\"alignright\">Promising but as yet unapproved therapies funded by CIRM\n\u003cul>\n\u003cli>Slowing or reversing \u003ca href=\"https://newswise.com/articles/jcyte-presents-results-of-clinical-testing-in-retinitis-pigmentosa2\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">retinitis pigmentosa\u003c/a>\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>New shunt for \u003ca href=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/futureofyou/2016/10/12/new-stem-cell-technology-could-make-life-easier-for-kidney-disease-patients/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">kidney dialysis patients\u003c/a>\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>Gene therapy for children with no \u003ca href=\"https://blog.cirm.ca.gov/tag/evangelina-padilla-vaccaro/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">functioning immune system\u003c/a>\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>Help for \u003ca href=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/futureofyou/2017/10/04/spinal-patients-continue-remarkable-recovery-after-stem-cell-injections-company-says/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">spinal-injury victims\u003c/a>\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>Lab-modified cells to treat \u003ca href=\"https://blog.cirm.ca.gov/2017/07/20/stem-cell-agency-funds-phase-3-clinical-trial-for-lou-gehrigs-disease/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">ALS patients\u003c/a>\u003c/li>\n\u003c/ul>\n\u003c/aside>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>The Pitch\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Stem cell research proponents — including the same advocacy group that backed Proposition 71 — want to ask voters in the November 2020 election for $5 billion in bond money to continue the work of CIRM.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>For voters, there will be one major question, according to Zev Yaroslavsky, an expert on state politics and government at UCLA.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“The public will want to know what they’ve gotten for their money.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_188656\" class=\"wp-caption alignleft\" style=\"max-width: 351px\">\u003cimg class=\" wp-image-188656\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/futureofyou/wp-content/uploads/sites/13/2016/06/StemCells-800x534.jpg\" alt=\"Buttons with the slogan 'Save Lives With Stem Cells,' in support of Prop. 71 at the Stem Cell Research Proposition Party at the Biltmore Hotel Nov. 2, 2004 in Los Angeles, California.\" width=\"351\" height=\"234\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Buttons with the slogan 'Save Lives With Stem Cells,' in support of Prop. 71 in 2004. \u003ccite>(Frazer Harrison/Getty Images)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Yaroslavsky expects to see plenty of funding measures on the 2020 ballot, including a parks bond and money for open space and schools, not to mention repeal of the gas tax.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“At what point do people start to vote no on everything?\" Yaroslavsky said. \"Or prioritize which of those many good causes they want to spend their money on?”\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_262540\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 640px\">\u003cimg class=\"size-full wp-image-262540\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/futureofyou/wp-content/uploads/sites/13/2016/10/HumanEScellsintoneurons.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"640\" height=\"588\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/13/2016/10/HumanEScellsintoneurons.jpg 640w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/13/2016/10/HumanEScellsintoneurons-400x368.jpg 400w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 640px) 100vw, 640px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Human embryonic stem cells differentiating into neurons \u003ccite>(Guoping Fan/UCLA/CIRM)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Robert Klein, who spearheaded the original 2004 ballot measure and served as the CIRM board's first chairman, still heads the advocacy group, \u003ca href=\"https://americansforcures.org/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Americans for Cures\u003c/a>, that pushed Proposition 71. Medical science isn't exactly his field — he's president of a Palo Alto-based real estate development firm — but he got involved in stem cell funding because of his son's Type 1 diabetes, which is incurable.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Klein said re-funding the stem cell agency is not just a good cause, but good business.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“It has been a creator of jobs, and the state benefits from taxes by attracting research centers here,” he said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003cp>A 2012 \u003ca href=\"https://www.cirm.ca.gov/sites/default/files/files/about_cirm/Econ_Impact_REPORT_updated_2012.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">independent review\u003c/a> commissioned by CIRM and looking forward through 2014 estimated that its grants plus matching funds would result in an average of over 4,000 jobs created per year, and $205 million in state tax revenue.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>As for the proposed new funding, Klein said the $5 billion bond cost would be amortized over 40 years, so it’s not a huge cost compared to other government projects.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Look, we paid \u003ca href=\"https://www.citylab.com/equity/2015/10/from-250-million-to-65-billion-the-bay-bridge-cost-overrun/410254/\">$6.5 billion\u003c/a> just to fix the eastern span of the Bay Bridge,” Klein said. “That’s road infrastructure — this is more like [funding] the intellectual infrastructure of California.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Where Are the Cures?\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Stem cells are undifferentiated cells that can be transformed into specific tissue and organ cells. The 2004 ballot initiative struck an emotional chord, in part because of the high-profile cases of actors Reeve and Fox, who personified the hope that the cells could play a role in new therapies for incurable medical conditions. Reeve, who died in 2004, became a quadriplegic after injuring his spine in a horse-riding accident; Fox has Parkinson’s, a neurodegenerative disease.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In Fox's \u003ca href=\"https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=fK9Eg0GVl7Q\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">30-second spot\u003c/a>, he used the word “cures” three times.\u003c/p>\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003cspan class='utils-parseShortcode-shortcodes-__youtubeShortcode__embedYoutube'>\n \u003cspan class='utils-parseShortcode-shortcodes-__youtubeShortcode__embedYoutubeInside'>\n \u003ciframe\n loading='lazy'\n class='utils-parseShortcode-shortcodes-__youtubeShortcode__youtubePlayer'\n type='text/html'\n src='//www.youtube.com/embed/fK9Eg0GVl7Q'\n title='//www.youtube.com/embed/fK9Eg0GVl7Q'\n allowfullscreen='true'\n style='border:0;'>\u003c/iframe>\n \u003c/span>\n \u003c/span>\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003cp>So has CIRM produced any cures?\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The family of 5-year-old \u003ca href=\"https://blog.cirm.ca.gov/tag/evangelina-padilla-vaccaro/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Evangelina Padilla-Vaccaro\u003c/a> would say yes.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Evangelina was born with a rare genetic condition called Severe Combined Immunodeficiency, or\u003ca href=\"https://www.genome.gov/13014325/learning-about-severe-combined-immunodeficiency-scid/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"> SCID\u003c/a>, also known as “bubble baby” disease. The ailment renders a patient's immune system nonfunctioning. The National Institutes of Health \u003ca href=\"https://www.genome.gov/13014325/learning-about-severe-combined-immunodeficiency-scid/#al-3\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">estimates\u003c/a> approximately 40 to 100 children in the U.S. each year are diagnosed with the malady.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>A team of UCLA clinical researchers, partially funded by CIRM, genetically modified Evangelina’s own blood stem cells to correct the SCID mutation.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>She was cured.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Evangelina was the first to undergo the treatment, back when she was just a few months old. And now, CIRM says, at least 40 other children have been cured with the same procedure.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_438299\" class=\"wp-caption alignright\" style=\"max-width: 576px\">\u003cimg class=\"size-full wp-image-438299\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/futureofyou/wp-content/uploads/sites/13/2018/01/evangelina_treatment.jpg\" alt=\"Baby in a hospital bed\" width=\"576\" height=\"768\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/13/2018/01/evangelina_treatment.jpg 576w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/13/2018/01/evangelina_treatment-160x213.jpg 160w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/13/2018/01/evangelina_treatment-240x320.jpg 240w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/13/2018/01/evangelina_treatment-375x500.jpg 375w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/13/2018/01/evangelina_treatment-520x693.jpg 520w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 576px) 100vw, 576px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Evangelina being treated by Don Kohn and his team in 2012. \u003ccite>(UCLA)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Despite this success, the SCID trial is only in Phase 2. CIRM has only two trials in Phase 3, a necessary step before FDA approval: one testing a \u003ca href=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/futureofyou/2016/10/12/new-stem-cell-technology-could-make-life-easier-for-kidney-disease-patients/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">new port\u003c/a> for kidney dialysis patients that is made out of human tissue and would not have to be replaced; and one that aims to\u003ca href=\"http://www.cirm.ca.gov/about-cirm/newsroom/press-releases/07202017/phase-3-clinical-trial-targeting-lou-gehrigs-disease\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"> slow down\u003c/a> the progression of Lou Gehrig's disease.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Other promising CIRM-funded therapies include slowing or \u003ca href=\"https://newswise.com/articles/jcyte-presents-results-of-clinical-testing-in-retinitis-pigmentosa2\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">reversing\u003c/a> retinitis pigmentosa, a genetic abnormality that destroys a person’s sight; and \u003ca href=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/futureofyou/2017/10/26/paralyzed-patients-regain-movement-in-stem-cell-trial-is-it-too-early-to-celebrate/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">injecting stem cells\u003c/a> into patients with severe spinal injuries.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The FDA has made several of these therapies eligible for priority review by granting them Regenerative Medicine Advanced Therapy, or \u003ca href=\"https://www.fda.gov/BiologicsBloodVaccines/CellularGeneTherapyProducts/ucm537670.htm\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">RMAT\u003c/a>, status.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Clinical trials and research in less-advanced stages are ongoing for many other \u003ca href=\"https://www.cirm.ca.gov/grants\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">diseases and conditions\u003c/a>, including brain cancer, diabetes and HIV.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But the fact remains: Although this could change in the run-up to the election, no CIRM-funded stem cell treatment has yet to be approved by the FDA.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Miracles Capture the Imagination\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Even outside of CIRM, only a handful of stem cell-related therapies have been approved for general use. Yet, stem cell research has captured the public's imagination with flashes of the miraculous.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_438300\" class=\"wp-caption alignright\" style=\"max-width: 594px\">\u003cimg class=\"size-full wp-image-438300\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/futureofyou/wp-content/uploads/sites/13/2018/01/GettyImages-149183631.jpg\" alt=\"Middle aged man looks at camera.\" width=\"594\" height=\"396\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/13/2018/01/GettyImages-149183631.jpg 594w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/13/2018/01/GettyImages-149183631-160x107.jpg 160w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/13/2018/01/GettyImages-149183631-240x160.jpg 240w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/13/2018/01/GettyImages-149183631-375x250.jpg 375w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/13/2018/01/GettyImages-149183631-520x347.jpg 520w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 594px) 100vw, 594px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Timothy Ray Brown, known as the 'Berlin patient' and the only person to have been cured of AIDS, at a press conference in 2012. \u003ccite>(T.J. Kirkpatrick/Getty Images)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Timothy Ray Brown, the famous \"\u003ca href=\"http://defeathiv.org/berlin/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Berlin patient\u003c/a>,\" for example, is an HIV patient who received a bone marrow transplant from a donor with a genetic mutation that endowed resistance to HIV. The transplant effectively cured Brown of the disease. However, there are currently a dearth of potential donors with the correct mutation, so researchers hope to create them, for use in patients' blood systems.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The bubble baby breakthrough and positive initial results in other CIRM-funded trials are strong selling points, said David Jensen, a journalist who covers stem cell research and writes a blog called \u003ca href=\"http://californiastemcellreport.blogspot.com/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">California Stem Cell Report.\u003c/a>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"There are some things CIRM can point to that are really impressive,\" Jensen said. \"It’s a pretty big deal in the world of science. It's the largest single source of funding for embryonic stem cell research in the world, and that’s no small thing.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003cp>That doesn't necessarily mean voters will agree to re-fund it, he said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Kevin McCormack, CIRM’s director of public communications and patient advocate outreach, said there's still time for CIRM to make a bigger splash.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“We’ve still got two more years,” McCormack said. “By 2020 I think people will see that CIRM-funded therapies are not just changing lives but saving lives.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Overpromising: Something CIRM Has 'Had to Live With'\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Klein, the backer of Proposition 71, said the 2004 campaign never promised cures during the lifetime of the stem cell agency, only progress toward attaining them.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“What we put in the ballot arguments is that we had to make major progress in mitigating disease, and moving toward cures,” Klein said. He feels that certainly has been achieved— and more. “In terms of progress toward the ultimate goal of cures, it’s remarkable what progress has been made.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"When I look back, I think we have out-achieved the representations we put on the ballot.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But even CIRM's McCormack has said, in an \u003ca href=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/futureofyou/2016/06/22/stem-cells-where-science-hope-and-hype-meet/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">interview with KQED\u003c/a> in 2016, that overpromising by the Proposition 71 campaign is \"something [CIRM] has had to live with.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Opposition during the \u003ca href=\"https://ballotpedia.org/California_Proposition_71,_Stem_Cell_Research_(2004)\">first ballot measure\u003c/a> was based mostly on religious concerns about using embryonic stem cells, on the large amount of money (the $3 billion price tag actually costs taxpayers $6 billion when interest is included) and on the lack of any guarantees of specific achievements.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Jensen expects religious objections to resurface when the election campaigns ramp up — but that those might not gain traction, because the field has expanded into adult and \u003ca href=\"https://stemcell.ucla.edu/induced-pluripotent-stem-cells\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">induced pluripotent stem cells\u003c/a> in addition to embryonic cells.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_438301\" class=\"wp-caption alignleft\" style=\"max-width: 570px\">\u003cimg class=\"size-full wp-image-438301\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/futureofyou/wp-content/uploads/sites/13/2018/01/cured_ar_2016_cover.png\" alt=\"\" width=\"570\" height=\"600\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/13/2018/01/cured_ar_2016_cover.png 570w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/13/2018/01/cured_ar_2016_cover-160x168.png 160w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/13/2018/01/cured_ar_2016_cover-240x253.png 240w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/13/2018/01/cured_ar_2016_cover-375x395.png 375w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/13/2018/01/cured_ar_2016_cover-520x547.png 520w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 570px) 100vw, 570px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Evangelina Padilla-Vaccaro on the cover of CIRM's \u003ca href=\"https://www.cirm.ca.gov/about-cirm/cirm-annual-reports\">2016 Annual Report\u003c/a>. \u003ccite>(CIRM)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>And since the poster child for stem cell success could very well be the pint-sized and happy-faced Evangelina Padilla-Vaccaro, it may be hard to argue that these concerns outweigh not having to live in a bubble.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"I mean, how can you be against that?\" Jensen said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But some opposition has sprung up even inside the medical community. Barbara Koenig, head of the bioethics program at UCSF, pointed to ongoing concerns about conflict of interest at the agency — 90 percent of all spending benefited organizations that have been represented on the \u003ca href=\"https://www.cirm.ca.gov/board-and-meetings/list-icoc-members\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">governing board\u003c/a>, Jensen has been \u003ca href=\"http://capitolweekly.net/californias-stem-cell-agency-future-uncertain/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">reporting\u003c/a>— and the public governance that she said has been lacking. (McCormack said the expansion of companies involved in stem cell research has resulted in broader distribution of funds. He also pointed to CIRM's adoption of more stringent\u003ca href=\"https://govt.westlaw.com/calregs/Document/ICD886A9181574C3BADD5946217E13F00?viewType=FullText&originationContext=documenttoc&transitionType=CategoryPageItem&contextData=(sc.Default)&bhcp=1\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"> conflict-of-interest policies \u003c/a>in 2013.)\u003c/p>\n\u003caside class=\"pullquote alignright\">'I didn’t like the over-hyping of the immediate idea that [in 2004] there were cures around the corner. I think we need to be honest about how we’re investing in research.'\u003ccite>Barbara Koenig, UCSF bioethics program\u003cbr>\n\u003c/cite>\u003c/aside>\n\u003cp>Koenig supports stem cell research, but voted against the measure in 2004. And she has serious concerns about its possible renewal.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“I didn’t like the overhyping of the immediate idea that there were cures around the corner,” Koenig said. “I think we need to be honest about how we’re investing in research.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Ask Koenig how she might use that proposed $5 billion differently, and she responds with a moment of stunned silence.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Oh my, so many things,” she said. “I would try to figure out how to make sure every child in California has access to basic health services, nutrition, clean water . . . not just make high-priced products, but to improve public health.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>She said stem cell research \"privileges these quick-fix biotech approaches, which may make a lot of money but may not benefit the general public.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Another bioethicist, Jodi Halpern of UC Berkeley, said the ballot initiative process is no place for a basic state spending decision.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Why isn’t this a legislative issue?” Halpern asked. “We elect the Legislature to decide where California is going to spend its money. Putting this on the ballot, making it an emotional issue rather than just a financial one, that doesn’t sit right with me.\"\u003c/p>\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003cspan class='utils-parseShortcode-shortcodes-__youtubeShortcode__embedYoutube'>\n \u003cspan class='utils-parseShortcode-shortcodes-__youtubeShortcode__embedYoutubeInside'>\n \u003ciframe\n loading='lazy'\n class='utils-parseShortcode-shortcodes-__youtubeShortcode__youtubePlayer'\n type='text/html'\n src='//www.youtube.com/embed/FjXiRx7DvzQ'\n title='//www.youtube.com/embed/FjXiRx7DvzQ'\n allowfullscreen='true'\n style='border:0;'>\u003c/iframe>\n \u003c/span>\n \u003c/span>\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Concerns vs. Cures\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>CIRM’s McCormack said he understands the concerns about state funding, but he said he's seen too much good come from the agency to see it wither on the budget-bickering vine.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“We are helping change the face of medicine,” he said. “We have so many clinical trials in the pipeline . . . that will pay off with therapies to help people who right now don’t have much of a chance for help, people with unmet medical needs.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>At its current spending pace, CIRM will run out of money by the \u003ca href=\"https://www.cirm.ca.gov/sites/default/files/files/agenda/171214_Agedna_Item_%234_FINAL%20Dec%202017%20President%20Report%5B7%5D.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">end of 2019\u003c/a> — roughly a year before the proposed ballot measure vote. At its December 2017 board meeting, one of the \u003ca href=\"https://www.cirm.ca.gov/sites/default/files/files/agenda/171214_Agenda_Item_%236_Presentation_Draft_1%5B2%5D_0.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">topics\u003c/a> for discussion was how to slow that spending and extend the agency’s grant-making till the end of 2020.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Board members and staffers aren’t involved in the proposed ballot measure, but they’re obviously keen on it, McCormack said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Klein said he commissioned a survey to gauge interest and attitudes toward re-funding the agency. He said the numbers are strongly positive, but he has not released those results. There have been no other California polls on the topic since 2004, according to Jensen.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Even if voter attitudes are overwhelmingly favorable toward stem cell research, proponents may find that goodwill might wilt when it comes to passing a ballot measure, UCLA’s Yaroslavsky said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“People do see stem cell research as something they have a stake in, but you’re going to have to explain what we got with the first $3 billion. I suspect their case with the voters will be that we need to keep momentum going. But the question is, 'Will they buy it?' ”\u003c/p>\n\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>",
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"content": "\u003cp>Jaron Lanier is known as the founding father of virtual reality. In his new book, “\u003ca href=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/forum/2018/01/03/virtual-realitys-founding-father-on-silicon-valley-early-inspirations/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Dawn of the New Everything: Encounters with Reality and Virtual Reality\u003c/a>,” he recounts his own early life, along with the early lives of Silicon Valley and virtual reality technology.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But VR isn’t the only thing in Lanier’s life. He’s also a passionate music fan and musician who can play “really a lot” of instruments. He recently sat down to talk about why we should still care about virtual reality and why it’s a sin to rank pieces of music.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[contextly_sidebar id=”r7wDKvqXnrpgKJM9Y421KLMAUsrm9EiN”]\u003c/p>\n\u003ch3>Describe your book in 10 words or fewer.\u003c/h3>\n\u003cp>Well I’m not counting, and saying I’m not counting can’t count for the word count. But given that, it explores my autobiography up until 1992. So it’s a nostalgic look at early Silicon Valley. It introduces virtual reality technology one sense organ at a time and it does those things together so it’s kind of unfolding the human sensorium at the same time that it tries to explore one’s own character and memory and also the unfolding of Silicon Valley.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>It’s not a kind of a quick book that’s easy to summarize. It’s more like this mansion or maze for you to explore. And I know the fashion these days is for little things that are easy to read. It’s not like that. This is a book to really get into. It will take some effort to read, and I certainly hope that you’ll be rewarded if you put in the effort to explore it.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>It’s not hard like a text book. It’s hard like a fantasy novel. Like if you’re into “Infinite Jest” or a Pynchon book, you might like it. It’s a little closer to that sort of book perhaps. [12.4]\u003c/p>\n\u003ch3>Why should we still be reading about virtual reality?\u003c/h3>\n\u003cp>Virtual reality is in some ways the ultimate digital technology. It pushes it as far as it can go to synthesize reality. So if you understand virtual reality, you can then understand other kinds of digital technology more easily. Virtual reality is potentially both the creepiest and the most beautiful form of digital technology. I think it’s easily the most fun form of digital technology. I certainly have had more fun with it than anything else.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>I don’t think you can create a wonderful world without creating a beautiful world. And if the world is going to be partially digital, we have to find digital beauty, and virtual reality is probably the most beautiful thing we can do with computers. So for all of those reasons I think you need to understand it.\u003c/p>\n\u003ch3>What’s the coolest thing you’ve experienced in virtual reality?\u003c/h3>\n\u003cp>The most interesting thing to do in virtual reality is to change your own body. It turns out rather by surprise that you can turn into different creatures or all kinds of things in virtual reality. You can learn to occupy a body that’s very different from the mammalian plan, and you can still operate it. And when you change your body, you change the way you perceive the world in really interesting ways. You can also have social experiences in virtual reality that are rather radical and interesting like sharing bodies with other people.\u003c/p>\n\u003ch3>What’s the creepiest thing you’ve experienced in virtual reality?\u003c/h3>\n\u003cp>A colleague of mine named Jeremy Bailenson at Stanford can play with your avatar and make you more or less racist and you don’t even realize it’s happened. He can change the outcome of a negotiation or who you vote for in a simulation and all kinds of things like that. So it’s potentially very creepy, and you might say well shouldn’t we outlaw it?\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>What I think the solution is for people to become literate in things like this so they can tell that they’re being manipulated, so they understand it. I think what we need is a new form of informed populace right now. The way to enjoy the technology is not to trust it. And there’s no contradiction in that. We have to learn to be skeptical technology users, and that’ll make good technology users and that’ll effectively make the technology better. So I want people to become literate in things like for virtual reality so they aren’t fooled by it.\u003c/p>\n\u003ch3>What do you like to do on the weekends?\u003c/h3>\n\u003cp>I have an 11-year-old-daughter which is the best thing in the world. So I love doing things with her. And like I’m probably three seconds away from her being less interested in that. I love just grabbing whatever moments I have. I love playing music. I love playing music with friends around the Bay Area.\u003c/p>\n\u003ch3>What are your favorite music venues?\u003c/h3>\n\u003cp>I like little places. To me there’s something about playing in a small venue to a small audience that’s almost sacred. I’m not trying to be a musical star at all. I just love this sort of magic that happens when a little musical event works. I also just think the people who are willing to devote themselves to making these venues work are like saints. In Berkeley where I live we have \u003ca href=\"https://backroommusic.com/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">The Back Room\u003c/a>, \u003ca href=\"https://www.thefreight.org/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Freight & Salvage\u003c/a>, \u003ca href=\"http://www.ashkenaz.com/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Ashkenaz\u003c/a> and many others. We have these amazing smaller venues and they are so precious. The Internet killed a lot of our bookstores and other things, but so far the venues are somehow surviving, and I hope they’ll continue to.\u003c/p>\n\u003ch3>How does your love of music influence your work in virtual reality?\u003c/h3>\n\u003cp>For me, musical instruments are not only the best user interfaces that have ever existed, they might be the only good ones that have ever existed for controlling a complicated system. So I just can’t imagine being interested in the future of computation without being fascinated with musical instruments.\u003c/p>\n\u003ch3>What’s the most inspirational piece of music for you?\u003c/h3>\n\u003cp>[ad floatright]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>There’s so much music that’s so inspirational that I feel like it’s almost a sin try to rank them. I don’t think you can apply quantitative thinking to the most important things. That’s the wrong way to think about music. Music is not objectively measurable like that. It’s not a popularity contest, and there’s not a ranking thing that can ever tell you about the meaning of music. You have to experience it in the moment, and it’ll always change for you what things are important.\u003c/p>\n\n",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>Jaron Lanier is known as the founding father of virtual reality. In his new book, “\u003ca href=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/forum/2018/01/03/virtual-realitys-founding-father-on-silicon-valley-early-inspirations/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Dawn of the New Everything: Encounters with Reality and Virtual Reality\u003c/a>,” he recounts his own early life, along with the early lives of Silicon Valley and virtual reality technology.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But VR isn’t the only thing in Lanier’s life. He’s also a passionate music fan and musician who can play “really a lot” of instruments. He recently sat down to talk about why we should still care about virtual reality and why it’s a sin to rank pieces of music.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003ch3>Describe your book in 10 words or fewer.\u003c/h3>\n\u003cp>Well I’m not counting, and saying I’m not counting can’t count for the word count. But given that, it explores my autobiography up until 1992. So it’s a nostalgic look at early Silicon Valley. It introduces virtual reality technology one sense organ at a time and it does those things together so it’s kind of unfolding the human sensorium at the same time that it tries to explore one’s own character and memory and also the unfolding of Silicon Valley.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>It’s not a kind of a quick book that’s easy to summarize. It’s more like this mansion or maze for you to explore. And I know the fashion these days is for little things that are easy to read. It’s not like that. This is a book to really get into. It will take some effort to read, and I certainly hope that you’ll be rewarded if you put in the effort to explore it.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>It’s not hard like a text book. It’s hard like a fantasy novel. Like if you’re into “Infinite Jest” or a Pynchon book, you might like it. It’s a little closer to that sort of book perhaps. [12.4]\u003c/p>\n\u003ch3>Why should we still be reading about virtual reality?\u003c/h3>\n\u003cp>Virtual reality is in some ways the ultimate digital technology. It pushes it as far as it can go to synthesize reality. So if you understand virtual reality, you can then understand other kinds of digital technology more easily. Virtual reality is potentially both the creepiest and the most beautiful form of digital technology. I think it’s easily the most fun form of digital technology. I certainly have had more fun with it than anything else.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>I don’t think you can create a wonderful world without creating a beautiful world. And if the world is going to be partially digital, we have to find digital beauty, and virtual reality is probably the most beautiful thing we can do with computers. So for all of those reasons I think you need to understand it.\u003c/p>\n\u003ch3>What’s the coolest thing you’ve experienced in virtual reality?\u003c/h3>\n\u003cp>The most interesting thing to do in virtual reality is to change your own body. It turns out rather by surprise that you can turn into different creatures or all kinds of things in virtual reality. You can learn to occupy a body that’s very different from the mammalian plan, and you can still operate it. And when you change your body, you change the way you perceive the world in really interesting ways. You can also have social experiences in virtual reality that are rather radical and interesting like sharing bodies with other people.\u003c/p>\n\u003ch3>What’s the creepiest thing you’ve experienced in virtual reality?\u003c/h3>\n\u003cp>A colleague of mine named Jeremy Bailenson at Stanford can play with your avatar and make you more or less racist and you don’t even realize it’s happened. He can change the outcome of a negotiation or who you vote for in a simulation and all kinds of things like that. So it’s potentially very creepy, and you might say well shouldn’t we outlaw it?\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>What I think the solution is for people to become literate in things like this so they can tell that they’re being manipulated, so they understand it. I think what we need is a new form of informed populace right now. The way to enjoy the technology is not to trust it. And there’s no contradiction in that. We have to learn to be skeptical technology users, and that’ll make good technology users and that’ll effectively make the technology better. So I want people to become literate in things like for virtual reality so they aren’t fooled by it.\u003c/p>\n\u003ch3>What do you like to do on the weekends?\u003c/h3>\n\u003cp>I have an 11-year-old-daughter which is the best thing in the world. So I love doing things with her. And like I’m probably three seconds away from her being less interested in that. I love just grabbing whatever moments I have. I love playing music. I love playing music with friends around the Bay Area.\u003c/p>\n\u003ch3>What are your favorite music venues?\u003c/h3>\n\u003cp>I like little places. To me there’s something about playing in a small venue to a small audience that’s almost sacred. I’m not trying to be a musical star at all. I just love this sort of magic that happens when a little musical event works. I also just think the people who are willing to devote themselves to making these venues work are like saints. In Berkeley where I live we have \u003ca href=\"https://backroommusic.com/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">The Back Room\u003c/a>, \u003ca href=\"https://www.thefreight.org/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Freight & Salvage\u003c/a>, \u003ca href=\"http://www.ashkenaz.com/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Ashkenaz\u003c/a> and many others. We have these amazing smaller venues and they are so precious. The Internet killed a lot of our bookstores and other things, but so far the venues are somehow surviving, and I hope they’ll continue to.\u003c/p>\n\u003ch3>How does your love of music influence your work in virtual reality?\u003c/h3>\n\u003cp>For me, musical instruments are not only the best user interfaces that have ever existed, they might be the only good ones that have ever existed for controlling a complicated system. So I just can’t imagine being interested in the future of computation without being fascinated with musical instruments.\u003c/p>\n\u003ch3>What’s the most inspirational piece of music for you?\u003c/h3>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>There’s so much music that’s so inspirational that I feel like it’s almost a sin try to rank them. I don’t think you can apply quantitative thinking to the most important things. That’s the wrong way to think about music. Music is not objectively measurable like that. It’s not a popularity contest, and there’s not a ranking thing that can ever tell you about the meaning of music. You have to experience it in the moment, and it’ll always change for you what things are important.\u003c/p>\n\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>",
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"content": "\u003cp>A Google engineer fired for writing a memo questioning Google's commitment to diversity has filed a lawsuit alleging his ouster was driven by a corporate culture that discriminates against white men and people with conservative views, including supporters of President Trump.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The 161-page complaint filed Monday on behalf of James Damore and another former Google engineer depicts Google as an elitist company that shuns employees who dare to deviate from a liberal agenda embraced by its management and most of its workforce.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[contextly_sidebar id=\"5UvEmFAzSnl4wMlHnWfmTkyTuRSo9TFS\"]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The lawsuit was filed in Santa Clara County Superior Court and comes five months after Google fired Damore for writing a 10-page memo titled \"Google's Ideological Echo Chamber.\" In that missive, Damore criticized Google for pushing mentoring and diversity programs and for \"alienating conservatives.\" He also blamed biological differences for the paucity of women in tech.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Damore, 28, says he submitted early versions of his memo to Google's human resources department without being reprimanded. Just a few days after Damore posted the memo on an internal message board, it was leaked to a technology blog. Google fired him Aug. 7 amid an uproar among workers offended by its themes.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Google CEO Sundar Pichai said Damore had violated the company's code of conduct \"by advancing harmful gender stereotypes in our workplace.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But the lawsuit contends Damore's firing reflects Google's intolerance for opinions that aren't widely shared by its workforce. The complaint seeks to be certified as a class action that will represent all current and former Google workers who believe they were discriminated against for expressing conservative viewpoints, a group that also could include women.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The lawsuit also accuses Google of discriminating against white men like Damore.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Google said it looks forward to defending itself against the allegations in court.\u003c/p>\n\n",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>A Google engineer fired for writing a memo questioning Google's commitment to diversity has filed a lawsuit alleging his ouster was driven by a corporate culture that discriminates against white men and people with conservative views, including supporters of President Trump.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The 161-page complaint filed Monday on behalf of James Damore and another former Google engineer depicts Google as an elitist company that shuns employees who dare to deviate from a liberal agenda embraced by its management and most of its workforce.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The lawsuit was filed in Santa Clara County Superior Court and comes five months after Google fired Damore for writing a 10-page memo titled \"Google's Ideological Echo Chamber.\" In that missive, Damore criticized Google for pushing mentoring and diversity programs and for \"alienating conservatives.\" He also blamed biological differences for the paucity of women in tech.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Damore, 28, says he submitted early versions of his memo to Google's human resources department without being reprimanded. Just a few days after Damore posted the memo on an internal message board, it was leaked to a technology blog. Google fired him Aug. 7 amid an uproar among workers offended by its themes.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"disqusTitle": "Large Shareholders Ask Apple to Help Wean Digital-Addicted Youths",
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"content": "\u003cp>Citing the popularity of Apple's phones and tablets among children and teenagers, two large investors say the company should do more to help parents protect their kids from the risks of digital addiction and the side effects of social media.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Together, California's teacher pension fund, or CalSTRS, and the Jana Partners investment group own more than $2 billion in Apple stock. In a letter to the tech giant's board, they're calling on Apple to give parents options beyond a \"binary\" system in which tools and functions are either freely available or closed off.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Warning against handing a child or teenager \"the same phone as a 40-year-old,\" the investors had these suggestions for Apple:\u003c/p>\n\u003cblockquote>\u003cp>\"For example, the initial setup menu could be expanded so that, just as users choose a language and time zone, parents can enter the age of the user and be given age-appropriate setup options based on the best available research including limiting screen time, restricting use to certain hours, reducing the available number of social media sites, setting up parental monitoring, and many other options.\"\u003c/p>\u003c/blockquote>\n\u003cp>Better controls, CalSTRS and Jana said, could help minimize \"unintentional negative consequences\" of overusing digital devices and spending too much time on social media. They urged Apple to apply its knack for innovation to help protect the physical and mental health of its youngest users.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[contextly_sidebar id=\"MCK6QauIuLkz04mJMRuleQv4IAD6Pj8Z\"]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"The average American teenager who uses a smart phone receives her first phone at age 10 and spends over 4.5 hours a day on it (excluding texting and talking),\" the investors wrote, adding that \"78 percent of teens check their phones at least hourly and 50 percent report feeling 'addicted' to their phones.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>To spread awareness of the issue, CalSTRS and Jana created a website, \u003ca href=\"https://thinkdifferentlyaboutkids.com\">Think Differently About Kids\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Detailing some of the consequences of heavy smartphone use, the investors cited an inability to focus in class, along with a greater risk of depression and anxiety. Their letter to Apple also said researchers have found that \"U.S. teenagers who spend 3 hours a day or more on electronic devices are 35 percent more likely, and those who spend 5 hours or more are 71 percent more likely, to have a risk factor for suicide than those who spend less than 1 hour.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The letter cited work by Jean Twenge, a psychology professor at San Diego State University who has written a book called \u003cem>iGen\u003c/em>, about what she has called troubling trends in teens feeling isolated, depressed and helpless, as she told \u003ca href=\"http://www.kpbs.org/news/2017/aug/29/sdsu-professor-how-smartphones-have-changed-teens/\">member station KPBS\u003c/a> last year.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"The happiest teens have phones but use them < 2 hrs/day,\" \u003ca href=\"https://twitter.com/jean_twenge/status/950133154597150721\">Twenge said in a tweet\u003c/a> welcoming the Apple investors' letter. She added, \"More parents would buy phones if they were easier to set up safely for kids. Win-win both ethically & financially.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11640843\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 800px\">\u003cimg class=\"size-medium wp-image-11640843\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2018/01/KidWIphoneX-800x517.jpg\" alt=\"A child tries out an iPhone X at an Apple store in Japan.\" width=\"800\" height=\"517\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2018/01/KidWIphoneX-800x517.jpg 800w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2018/01/KidWIphoneX-160x103.jpg 160w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2018/01/KidWIphoneX-1020x659.jpg 1020w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2018/01/KidWIphoneX.jpg 1920w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2018/01/KidWIphoneX-1180x762.jpg 1180w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2018/01/KidWIphoneX-960x620.jpg 960w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2018/01/KidWIphoneX-240x155.jpg 240w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2018/01/KidWIphoneX-375x242.jpg 375w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2018/01/KidWIphoneX-520x336.jpg 520w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">A child tries out an iPhone X at an Apple store in Japan. \u003ccite>(Tomohiro Ohsumi/Getty Images)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Acknowledging that social media companies try to make their apps and websites \"as addictive and time-consuming as possible,\" CalSTRS and Jana said Apple could boost both goodwill from parents and demand for its products if it did more to minimize the chances of harm and overuse.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The two investors said Apple should study how technology affects child development and report its findings, much as it would handle environmental and supply chain issues.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>As smartphones and social media have become ubiquitous, they've also been identified as bringing a new suite of potential problems into play for those who overuse them.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"https://www.npr.org/sections/health-shots/2017/05/18/527799301/is-internet-addiction-real\">NPR's Shots blog\u003c/a> reported last year:\u003c/p>\n\u003cblockquote>\u003cp>\" 'Digital addictions,' whether to social media, video games, texting, shopping or pornography, are not official mental disorders listed in the latest edition of the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (DSM-V), and there's a debate among psychologists about whether that should change.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\".... Some people studying the condition compare the development of an Internet addiction to that of a gambling disorder (sometimes called gambling addiction), which \u003cem>is\u003c/em> included in the DSM-V. With gambling, even though most of the time when you're sitting in front of a slot machine you don't win, every once in a while you do. And that intermittent reward is what hooks people.\"\u003c/p>\u003c/blockquote>\n\u003cp>[contextly_sidebar id=\"dVVpgvOHcwuMfh7o8pLJDf9vAYrs1x4q\"]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Overuse of digital devices has prompted a debate over whether tablets and phones are the problem — or if the addiction is best ascribed to either the internet itself or to social media.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>With their letter to Apple, CalSTRS and Jana said they are suggesting that an approach to all three of those areas could begin by focusing on just one of them.\u003c/p>\n\u003cdiv class=\"fullattribution\">Copyright 2018 NPR. To see more, visit http://www.npr.org/.\u003cimg src=\"https://www.google-analytics.com/__utm.gif?utmac=UA-5828686-4&utmdt=Large+Shareholders+Ask+Apple+To+Help+Wean+Digital-Addicted+Youths&utme=8(APIKey)9(MDAxOTAwOTE4MDEyMTkxMDAzNjczZDljZA004)\">\u003c/div>\n\n",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>Citing the popularity of Apple's phones and tablets among children and teenagers, two large investors say the company should do more to help parents protect their kids from the risks of digital addiction and the side effects of social media.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Together, California's teacher pension fund, or CalSTRS, and the Jana Partners investment group own more than $2 billion in Apple stock. In a letter to the tech giant's board, they're calling on Apple to give parents options beyond a \"binary\" system in which tools and functions are either freely available or closed off.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Warning against handing a child or teenager \"the same phone as a 40-year-old,\" the investors had these suggestions for Apple:\u003c/p>\n\u003cblockquote>\u003cp>\"For example, the initial setup menu could be expanded so that, just as users choose a language and time zone, parents can enter the age of the user and be given age-appropriate setup options based on the best available research including limiting screen time, restricting use to certain hours, reducing the available number of social media sites, setting up parental monitoring, and many other options.\"\u003c/p>\u003c/blockquote>\n\u003cp>Better controls, CalSTRS and Jana said, could help minimize \"unintentional negative consequences\" of overusing digital devices and spending too much time on social media. They urged Apple to apply its knack for innovation to help protect the physical and mental health of its youngest users.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"The average American teenager who uses a smart phone receives her first phone at age 10 and spends over 4.5 hours a day on it (excluding texting and talking),\" the investors wrote, adding that \"78 percent of teens check their phones at least hourly and 50 percent report feeling 'addicted' to their phones.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>To spread awareness of the issue, CalSTRS and Jana created a website, \u003ca href=\"https://thinkdifferentlyaboutkids.com\">Think Differently About Kids\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Detailing some of the consequences of heavy smartphone use, the investors cited an inability to focus in class, along with a greater risk of depression and anxiety. Their letter to Apple also said researchers have found that \"U.S. teenagers who spend 3 hours a day or more on electronic devices are 35 percent more likely, and those who spend 5 hours or more are 71 percent more likely, to have a risk factor for suicide than those who spend less than 1 hour.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The letter cited work by Jean Twenge, a psychology professor at San Diego State University who has written a book called \u003cem>iGen\u003c/em>, about what she has called troubling trends in teens feeling isolated, depressed and helpless, as she told \u003ca href=\"http://www.kpbs.org/news/2017/aug/29/sdsu-professor-how-smartphones-have-changed-teens/\">member station KPBS\u003c/a> last year.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"The happiest teens have phones but use them < 2 hrs/day,\" \u003ca href=\"https://twitter.com/jean_twenge/status/950133154597150721\">Twenge said in a tweet\u003c/a> welcoming the Apple investors' letter. She added, \"More parents would buy phones if they were easier to set up safely for kids. Win-win both ethically & financially.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11640843\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 800px\">\u003cimg class=\"size-medium wp-image-11640843\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2018/01/KidWIphoneX-800x517.jpg\" alt=\"A child tries out an iPhone X at an Apple store in Japan.\" width=\"800\" height=\"517\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2018/01/KidWIphoneX-800x517.jpg 800w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2018/01/KidWIphoneX-160x103.jpg 160w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2018/01/KidWIphoneX-1020x659.jpg 1020w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2018/01/KidWIphoneX.jpg 1920w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2018/01/KidWIphoneX-1180x762.jpg 1180w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2018/01/KidWIphoneX-960x620.jpg 960w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2018/01/KidWIphoneX-240x155.jpg 240w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2018/01/KidWIphoneX-375x242.jpg 375w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2018/01/KidWIphoneX-520x336.jpg 520w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">A child tries out an iPhone X at an Apple store in Japan. \u003ccite>(Tomohiro Ohsumi/Getty Images)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Acknowledging that social media companies try to make their apps and websites \"as addictive and time-consuming as possible,\" CalSTRS and Jana said Apple could boost both goodwill from parents and demand for its products if it did more to minimize the chances of harm and overuse.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The two investors said Apple should study how technology affects child development and report its findings, much as it would handle environmental and supply chain issues.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>As smartphones and social media have become ubiquitous, they've also been identified as bringing a new suite of potential problems into play for those who overuse them.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"https://www.npr.org/sections/health-shots/2017/05/18/527799301/is-internet-addiction-real\">NPR's Shots blog\u003c/a> reported last year:\u003c/p>\n\u003cblockquote>\u003cp>\" 'Digital addictions,' whether to social media, video games, texting, shopping or pornography, are not official mental disorders listed in the latest edition of the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (DSM-V), and there's a debate among psychologists about whether that should change.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\".... Some people studying the condition compare the development of an Internet addiction to that of a gambling disorder (sometimes called gambling addiction), which \u003cem>is\u003c/em> included in the DSM-V. With gambling, even though most of the time when you're sitting in front of a slot machine you don't win, every once in a while you do. And that intermittent reward is what hooks people.\"\u003c/p>\u003c/blockquote>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Overuse of digital devices has prompted a debate over whether tablets and phones are the problem — or if the addiction is best ascribed to either the internet itself or to social media.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>With their letter to Apple, CalSTRS and Jana said they are suggesting that an approach to all three of those areas could begin by focusing on just one of them.\u003c/p>\n\u003cdiv class=\"fullattribution\">Copyright 2018 NPR. To see more, visit http://www.npr.org/.\u003cimg src=\"https://www.google-analytics.com/__utm.gif?utmac=UA-5828686-4&utmdt=Large+Shareholders+Ask+Apple+To+Help+Wean+Digital-Addicted+Youths&utme=8(APIKey)9(MDAxOTAwOTE4MDEyMTkxMDAzNjczZDljZA004)\">\u003c/div>\n\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>",
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"disqusTitle": "Apple: Mac and iOS Vulnerable to Meltdown and Spectre Flaws",
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"content": "\u003cp>If you thought your MacBook or iPhone would be immune to the Meltdown and Spectre microprocessor flaws \u003ca href=\"https://www.npr.org/sections/thetwo-way/2018/01/04/575573411/intel-acknowledges-chip-level-security-vulnerability-in-processors\">acknowledged earlier this week\u003c/a> by Intel, you would be wrong.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The problems found in the chips could allow hackers to get access to passwords and other sensitive data stored on personal computers.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In a \u003ca href=\"https://support.apple.com/en-us/HT208394\">statement\u003c/a>, released by Apple on Thursday, the company announced, \"All Mac systems and iOS devices are affected.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The good news is that \"there are no known exploits impacting customers at this time\" and that a change could come soon, according to Apple. The company says it has \"already released mitigations in iOS 11.2, macOS 10.13.2, and tvOS 11.2 to help defend against Meltdown. Apple Watch is not affected by Meltdown. In the coming days we plan to release mitigations in Safari to help defend against Spectre.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Even so, as Devin Coldewey reports for \u003ca href=\"https://techcrunch.com/2018/01/04/apple-says-meltdown-and-spectre-flaws-affect-all-mac-systems-and-ios-devices-but-not-for-long/\">TechCrunch\u003c/a>: \"If you're wondering why people keep saying, 'mitigate' instead of 'fix' or 'counteract' or something, it's because Meltdown and Spectre take advantage of computing practices so basic that avoiding them is extremely difficult and complex. And new variants of attacks may very well circumvent the protections companies have put together during the last few months during which the exploits were kept secret. The mitigations and patches will probably multiply.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>We wrote earlier that security researchers at Google and elsewhere discovered vulnerabilities in chips made by Intel, AMD, ARM Holdings and other companies. Intel said it was working to \"develop an industry-wide approach to resolve [the] issue promptly.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>As \u003ca href=\"https://www.npr.org/2018/01/04/575774099/cybersecurity-researchers-find-major-flaws-in-widely-used-computer-chips\">NPR's Laura Sydell reported\u003c/a> for \u003cem>All Things Considered\u003c/em>, \"When you install a program on your computer, there's generally a wall between it and other programs. But the security flaws, which were built into the chips from Intel, Advanced Micro Devices and ARM, allow one program to spy on another.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c!-- iframe plugin v.4.3 wordpress.org/plugins/iframe/ -->\u003cbr>\n\u003ciframe src=\"https://www.npr.org/player/embed/575774099/575774100\" width=\"100%\" height=\"290\" frameborder=\"0\" scrolling=\"no\" title=\"NPR embedded audio player\" class=\"iframe-class\">\u003c/iframe>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Moritz Lipp of Austria's Graz University of Technology is one of the researchers who found the flaw. He tells Sydell that the problem is found on millions of computers, as well as on smartphones and in cloud storage provided by companies such as Google, Amazon Web Services, Apple and Microsoft. While a software patch might mitigate the problem, it is really a hardware issue.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"If you have an issue in hardware, it's not very easy to just change the hardware because you already sold millions of CPUs. And you just can't call them back and change them,\" Lipp says.\u003c/p>\n\u003cdiv class=\"fullattribution\">Copyright 2018 NPR. To see more, visit http://www.npr.org/.\u003cimg src=\"https://www.google-analytics.com/__utm.gif?utmac=UA-5828686-4&utmdt=Apple%3A+Mac+And+iOS+Vulnerable+To+Meltdown+And+Spectre+Flaws&utme=8(APIKey)9(MDAxOTAwOTE4MDEyMTkxMDAzNjczZDljZA004)\">\u003c/div>\n\n",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>If you thought your MacBook or iPhone would be immune to the Meltdown and Spectre microprocessor flaws \u003ca href=\"https://www.npr.org/sections/thetwo-way/2018/01/04/575573411/intel-acknowledges-chip-level-security-vulnerability-in-processors\">acknowledged earlier this week\u003c/a> by Intel, you would be wrong.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The problems found in the chips could allow hackers to get access to passwords and other sensitive data stored on personal computers.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In a \u003ca href=\"https://support.apple.com/en-us/HT208394\">statement\u003c/a>, released by Apple on Thursday, the company announced, \"All Mac systems and iOS devices are affected.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The good news is that \"there are no known exploits impacting customers at this time\" and that a change could come soon, according to Apple. The company says it has \"already released mitigations in iOS 11.2, macOS 10.13.2, and tvOS 11.2 to help defend against Meltdown. Apple Watch is not affected by Meltdown. In the coming days we plan to release mitigations in Safari to help defend against Spectre.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Even so, as Devin Coldewey reports for \u003ca href=\"https://techcrunch.com/2018/01/04/apple-says-meltdown-and-spectre-flaws-affect-all-mac-systems-and-ios-devices-but-not-for-long/\">TechCrunch\u003c/a>: \"If you're wondering why people keep saying, 'mitigate' instead of 'fix' or 'counteract' or something, it's because Meltdown and Spectre take advantage of computing practices so basic that avoiding them is extremely difficult and complex. And new variants of attacks may very well circumvent the protections companies have put together during the last few months during which the exploits were kept secret. The mitigations and patches will probably multiply.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>We wrote earlier that security researchers at Google and elsewhere discovered vulnerabilities in chips made by Intel, AMD, ARM Holdings and other companies. Intel said it was working to \"develop an industry-wide approach to resolve [the] issue promptly.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>As \u003ca href=\"https://www.npr.org/2018/01/04/575774099/cybersecurity-researchers-find-major-flaws-in-widely-used-computer-chips\">NPR's Laura Sydell reported\u003c/a> for \u003cem>All Things Considered\u003c/em>, \"When you install a program on your computer, there's generally a wall between it and other programs. But the security flaws, which were built into the chips from Intel, Advanced Micro Devices and ARM, allow one program to spy on another.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c!-- iframe plugin v.4.3 wordpress.org/plugins/iframe/ -->\u003cbr>\n\u003ciframe src=\"https://www.npr.org/player/embed/575774099/575774100\" width=\"100%\" height=\"290\" frameborder=\"0\" scrolling=\"no\" title=\"NPR embedded audio player\" class=\"iframe-class\">\u003c/iframe>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Moritz Lipp of Austria's Graz University of Technology is one of the researchers who found the flaw. He tells Sydell that the problem is found on millions of computers, as well as on smartphones and in cloud storage provided by companies such as Google, Amazon Web Services, Apple and Microsoft. While a software patch might mitigate the problem, it is really a hardware issue.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"If you have an issue in hardware, it's not very easy to just change the hardware because you already sold millions of CPUs. And you just can't call them back and change them,\" Lipp says.\u003c/p>\n\u003cdiv class=\"fullattribution\">Copyright 2018 NPR. To see more, visit http://www.npr.org/.\u003cimg src=\"https://www.google-analytics.com/__utm.gif?utmac=UA-5828686-4&utmdt=Apple%3A+Mac+And+iOS+Vulnerable+To+Meltdown+And+Spectre+Flaws&utme=8(APIKey)9(MDAxOTAwOTE4MDEyMTkxMDAzNjczZDljZA004)\">\u003c/div>\n\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>",
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"content": "\u003cp>Four women have filed a new version of a wage discrimination lawsuit against Google. They claim the web giant not only pays women less than men but also uses previous salary information to determine pay, which is a violation of California state law.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Recently, a judge tossed out a previous version of this lawsuit — citing that the request for class-action status was too broad. Attorney James Finberg narrowed down the plaintiffs to four women: Kelly Ellis, a former software engineer for Google; Holly Pease, a former manager in corporate engineering; Kelli Wisuri, a former enterprise operations coordinator; and Heidi Lamar, a former preschool teacher at Google’s Children Center in Palo Alto.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“The problem of using prior pay to set salary is that women make less than men in our society, and so using prior pay institutionalizes gender discrimination,” says Finberg, who filed the new version of the suit on Wednesday.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In 2017, the California Equal Pay Act was amended, stating that an employer could not rely on prior pay to set salaries. On Jan. 1, 2018, the law was amended again to say that employers can now no longer ask about a potential employee’s previous salary.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Finberg alleges that Google has used prior pay as a means of determining salaries, and he uses plaintiff Heidi Lamar as an example. According to Finberg, at the time Lamar started with the Mountain View-based company as a preschool teacher, she already had earned a bachelor of arts degree and a master’s degree in teaching at Bennington College in Vermont. She also, according to Finberg, had come to Google with four years of teaching experience in New York.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“They asked her what her prior pay was and they gave her that prior pay. Based on that salary, they put her in the lower pay.” Finberg says.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Around the same time of Lamar’s hire, Google, according to Finberg, hired a man for an equal position at a higher pay scale. The man, according to Finberg, had less qualifications and educational experience than Lamar.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Google provided KQED with details of its most recent analysis of salary and bonuses awarded to employees. The internal analysis, according to Google, found that women receive 99.7 cents to each dollar a man receives.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Gina Scigliano, a spokeswoman for the company, disputes the claims of the amended lawsuit.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“We work really hard to create a great workplace for everyone, and to give everyone the chance to thrive here,” Scigliano says. “Job levels and promotions are determined through rigorous hiring and promotion committees, and must pass multiple levels of review, including checks to make sure there is no bias in these decisions.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The U.S. Department of Labor is currently investigating Google for pay discrimination. The Labor Department said that last year it found significant disparities adverse to women in every job classification. Finberg says the plaintiffs in this newest case are not only asking for back pay for the amount they believe they should have been paid, but also a change in Google’s policies and practices.\u003c/p>\n\n",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>Four women have filed a new version of a wage discrimination lawsuit against Google. They claim the web giant not only pays women less than men but also uses previous salary information to determine pay, which is a violation of California state law.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Recently, a judge tossed out a previous version of this lawsuit — citing that the request for class-action status was too broad. Attorney James Finberg narrowed down the plaintiffs to four women: Kelly Ellis, a former software engineer for Google; Holly Pease, a former manager in corporate engineering; Kelli Wisuri, a former enterprise operations coordinator; and Heidi Lamar, a former preschool teacher at Google’s Children Center in Palo Alto.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“The problem of using prior pay to set salary is that women make less than men in our society, and so using prior pay institutionalizes gender discrimination,” says Finberg, who filed the new version of the suit on Wednesday.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In 2017, the California Equal Pay Act was amended, stating that an employer could not rely on prior pay to set salaries. On Jan. 1, 2018, the law was amended again to say that employers can now no longer ask about a potential employee’s previous salary.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Finberg alleges that Google has used prior pay as a means of determining salaries, and he uses plaintiff Heidi Lamar as an example. According to Finberg, at the time Lamar started with the Mountain View-based company as a preschool teacher, she already had earned a bachelor of arts degree and a master’s degree in teaching at Bennington College in Vermont. She also, according to Finberg, had come to Google with four years of teaching experience in New York.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“They asked her what her prior pay was and they gave her that prior pay. Based on that salary, they put her in the lower pay.” Finberg says.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Around the same time of Lamar’s hire, Google, according to Finberg, hired a man for an equal position at a higher pay scale. The man, according to Finberg, had less qualifications and educational experience than Lamar.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Google provided KQED with details of its most recent analysis of salary and bonuses awarded to employees. The internal analysis, according to Google, found that women receive 99.7 cents to each dollar a man receives.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Gina Scigliano, a spokeswoman for the company, disputes the claims of the amended lawsuit.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“We work really hard to create a great workplace for everyone, and to give everyone the chance to thrive here,” Scigliano says. “Job levels and promotions are determined through rigorous hiring and promotion committees, and must pass multiple levels of review, including checks to make sure there is no bias in these decisions.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The U.S. Department of Labor is currently investigating Google for pay discrimination. The Labor Department said that last year it found significant disparities adverse to women in every job classification. Finberg says the plaintiffs in this newest case are not only asking for back pay for the amount they believe they should have been paid, but also a change in Google’s policies and practices.\u003c/p>\n\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>",
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"content": "\u003cp>Amazon is expected to announced the winner of the competition for its second headquarters this year. Cities across the country are trying to woo the internet giant with all sorts of enticements — billions in tax breaks, free land, even personal tax exemptions for Amazon employees.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The city of Fresno has a different pitch. It would still collect taxes from Amazon, but it would give the company a big say in how the taxes are spent. The \u003ca href=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/news/2017/10/24/fresno-offers-amazon-something-unique-for-its-headquarters-nothing/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">proposal has garnered attention\u003c/a> for the Central Valley city in the past few months, which is a big part of the reason the local government threw its hat into the ring for the Amazon headquarters.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11639918\" class=\"wp-caption alignleft\" style=\"max-width: 393px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"wp-image-11639918 \" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2018/01/Old-Photo-1-e1514955809213-800x1067.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"393\" height=\"524\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2018/01/Old-Photo-1-e1514955809213-800x1067.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2018/01/Old-Photo-1-e1514955809213-160x213.jpg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2018/01/Old-Photo-1-e1514955809213-1020x1360.jpg 1020w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2018/01/Old-Photo-1-e1514955809213-1920x2560.jpg 1920w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2018/01/Old-Photo-1-e1514955809213-1180x1573.jpg 1180w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2018/01/Old-Photo-1-e1514955809213-960x1280.jpg 960w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2018/01/Old-Photo-1-e1514955809213-240x320.jpg 240w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2018/01/Old-Photo-1-e1514955809213-375x500.jpg 375w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2018/01/Old-Photo-1-e1514955809213-520x693.jpg 520w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 393px) 100vw, 393px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">There are old black-and-white photos in City Hall that show when Fresno was a bustling agricultural town. \u003ccite>(Sam Harnett/KQED)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Mayor Lee Brand recently took me on a drive around Fresno, the self-proclaimed “best little city in the USA.” Fresno is only around 3½ hours southeast of the Bay Area and all its wealth, but in recent years the city has struggled economically. \u003ca href=\"https://www.usatoday.com/story/news/nation/2013/05/15/ten-california-cities-in-distress/2076217/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">It teetered on the edge of bankruptcy in 2012\u003c/a>, and unemployment \u003ca href=\"http://www.labormarketinfo.edd.ca.gov/file/lfmonth/frsn%24pds.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">is still close to 8 percent\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“We have always been an agriculturally based economy,” Brand said. “For years we have been trying to break that and to diversify that.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>To draw attention to Fresno, Brand made a pitch for \u003ca href=\"https://www.amazon.com/b?node=17044620011\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Amazon’s new corporate headquarters\u003c/a>. Amazon predicts it would bring in over 40,000 employees. Cities across the country are chomping at the bit for the headquarters.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“The only way we could compete was to outthink them and offer something innovative and give Amazon the opportunity to be the ultimate corporate citizen, to be the one who is not just the evil empire,” Brand said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Any city that “wins” Amazon’s second headquarters would have to invest heavily to accommodate all the development that would come along with the project. There would be a large influx of workers who would put a burden on the city’s transportation infrastructure, housing stock and public services. The city would end up paying for things like additional roads, parks, police and firefighters.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>A big part of Fresno’s plan would be to set up what it is calling the Amazon Community Fund. Most of Amazon’s tax money would go into the fund, and then a committee of five would decide how to spend the money. Two members would be selected by elected officials, one would be a representative from the community, and the remaining two would be appointed by Amazon.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>This kind of arrangement is unprecedented, said Greg LeRoy, executive director of Good Jobs First, a nonprofit focused on responsible economic development.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“I’ve never seen a proposal to give a company formal control,” LeRoy said. “That’s really off the charts.”\u003c/p>\n\u003caside class=\"pullquote alignright\">‘I’ve never seen a proposal to give a company formal control.’ \u003ccite>Greg LeRoy, executive director, Good Jobs First\u003c/cite>\u003c/aside>\n\u003cp>LeRoy is critical of the Fresno plan.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“The only thing good you can say about this proposal is that it does envision Amazon paying some taxes,” LeRoy said. Many proposals submitted by other cities are giving the giant online retailer large tax breaks.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>LeRoy said the competition for Amazon’s second headquarters has become a race to the bottom. He said cities are willing to give away so much that it negates the economic positives from a big project, or what LeRoy calls “a buffalo.” He said this is a trend in economic development that has been getting worse and worse in recent years.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“The old school of economic development — the euphemism in the profession is “buffalo hunting” — really does deserve to go to the dustbin in history,” LeRoy said. “It is less effective than ever because the number of deals to chase like this is fewer and fewer than ever.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But a city like Fresno might have something to gain by submitting a proposal, even if it fails to catch the elusive Amazonian buffalo.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Michelle Anderson is a law professor at Stanford who writes about economic development. “It’s not wrong for Fresno to compete for this,” she said. “Good for them for putting together this package and drawing some attention to their city.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Anderson said cities that make a bid for a big project often do a lot of valuable work — things like community engagement and city branding. At the same time, Anderson is skeptical of Fresno’s proposal to give Amazon a large amount of control over where its tax dollars are spent.\u003c/p>\n\u003caside class=\"pullquote alignleft\">‘It might help Fresno as long as they lose.’ \u003ccite>Michelle Anderson, Stanford law professor\u003c/cite>\u003c/aside>\n\u003cp>“It might help Fresno as long as they lose,” Anderson said. “If they win, it might help as well, but it just becomes a more complicated question that I really think we wouldn’t be able to answer for 15 years.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Larry Westerlund is the economic development director for Fresno. On a bunch of maps hanging in City Hall, he showed me the vacant buildings and parking lots that are potential sites for Amazon’s second headquarters.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“It would be a tidal change for Fresno,” Westerlund said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Westerlund said he understands Amazon will probably go somewhere else, a place with a larger, more educated workforce, or a city offering huge tax breaks. But he said he hopes his proposal will at least bring some attention to Fresno.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“We are the flyover city of California,” Westerlund said. “We’d love to have more people understand the size of Fresno, the opportunity that is in Fresno, particularly when we see all the hyperactivity on the coast.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>It’s Westerlund who came up with the idea to give Amazon a say in how it spends its tax dollars. If Fresno doesn’t win Amazon’s favor, he said the city will offer the proposal to other big corporations looking for a home.\u003c/p>\n\n",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>Amazon is expected to announced the winner of the competition for its second headquarters this year. Cities across the country are trying to woo the internet giant with all sorts of enticements — billions in tax breaks, free land, even personal tax exemptions for Amazon employees.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The city of Fresno has a different pitch. It would still collect taxes from Amazon, but it would give the company a big say in how the taxes are spent. The \u003ca href=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/news/2017/10/24/fresno-offers-amazon-something-unique-for-its-headquarters-nothing/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">proposal has garnered attention\u003c/a> for the Central Valley city in the past few months, which is a big part of the reason the local government threw its hat into the ring for the Amazon headquarters.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11639918\" class=\"wp-caption alignleft\" style=\"max-width: 393px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"wp-image-11639918 \" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2018/01/Old-Photo-1-e1514955809213-800x1067.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"393\" height=\"524\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2018/01/Old-Photo-1-e1514955809213-800x1067.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2018/01/Old-Photo-1-e1514955809213-160x213.jpg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2018/01/Old-Photo-1-e1514955809213-1020x1360.jpg 1020w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2018/01/Old-Photo-1-e1514955809213-1920x2560.jpg 1920w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2018/01/Old-Photo-1-e1514955809213-1180x1573.jpg 1180w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2018/01/Old-Photo-1-e1514955809213-960x1280.jpg 960w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2018/01/Old-Photo-1-e1514955809213-240x320.jpg 240w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2018/01/Old-Photo-1-e1514955809213-375x500.jpg 375w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2018/01/Old-Photo-1-e1514955809213-520x693.jpg 520w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 393px) 100vw, 393px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">There are old black-and-white photos in City Hall that show when Fresno was a bustling agricultural town. \u003ccite>(Sam Harnett/KQED)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Mayor Lee Brand recently took me on a drive around Fresno, the self-proclaimed “best little city in the USA.” Fresno is only around 3½ hours southeast of the Bay Area and all its wealth, but in recent years the city has struggled economically. \u003ca href=\"https://www.usatoday.com/story/news/nation/2013/05/15/ten-california-cities-in-distress/2076217/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">It teetered on the edge of bankruptcy in 2012\u003c/a>, and unemployment \u003ca href=\"http://www.labormarketinfo.edd.ca.gov/file/lfmonth/frsn%24pds.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">is still close to 8 percent\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“We have always been an agriculturally based economy,” Brand said. “For years we have been trying to break that and to diversify that.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>To draw attention to Fresno, Brand made a pitch for \u003ca href=\"https://www.amazon.com/b?node=17044620011\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Amazon’s new corporate headquarters\u003c/a>. Amazon predicts it would bring in over 40,000 employees. Cities across the country are chomping at the bit for the headquarters.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“The only way we could compete was to outthink them and offer something innovative and give Amazon the opportunity to be the ultimate corporate citizen, to be the one who is not just the evil empire,” Brand said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Any city that “wins” Amazon’s second headquarters would have to invest heavily to accommodate all the development that would come along with the project. There would be a large influx of workers who would put a burden on the city’s transportation infrastructure, housing stock and public services. The city would end up paying for things like additional roads, parks, police and firefighters.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>A big part of Fresno’s plan would be to set up what it is calling the Amazon Community Fund. Most of Amazon’s tax money would go into the fund, and then a committee of five would decide how to spend the money. Two members would be selected by elected officials, one would be a representative from the community, and the remaining two would be appointed by Amazon.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>This kind of arrangement is unprecedented, said Greg LeRoy, executive director of Good Jobs First, a nonprofit focused on responsible economic development.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“I’ve never seen a proposal to give a company formal control,” LeRoy said. “That’s really off the charts.”\u003c/p>\n\u003caside class=\"pullquote alignright\">‘I’ve never seen a proposal to give a company formal control.’ \u003ccite>Greg LeRoy, executive director, Good Jobs First\u003c/cite>\u003c/aside>\n\u003cp>LeRoy is critical of the Fresno plan.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“The only thing good you can say about this proposal is that it does envision Amazon paying some taxes,” LeRoy said. Many proposals submitted by other cities are giving the giant online retailer large tax breaks.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>LeRoy said the competition for Amazon’s second headquarters has become a race to the bottom. He said cities are willing to give away so much that it negates the economic positives from a big project, or what LeRoy calls “a buffalo.” He said this is a trend in economic development that has been getting worse and worse in recent years.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“The old school of economic development — the euphemism in the profession is “buffalo hunting” — really does deserve to go to the dustbin in history,” LeRoy said. “It is less effective than ever because the number of deals to chase like this is fewer and fewer than ever.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But a city like Fresno might have something to gain by submitting a proposal, even if it fails to catch the elusive Amazonian buffalo.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Michelle Anderson is a law professor at Stanford who writes about economic development. “It’s not wrong for Fresno to compete for this,” she said. “Good for them for putting together this package and drawing some attention to their city.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Anderson said cities that make a bid for a big project often do a lot of valuable work — things like community engagement and city branding. At the same time, Anderson is skeptical of Fresno’s proposal to give Amazon a large amount of control over where its tax dollars are spent.\u003c/p>\n\u003caside class=\"pullquote alignleft\">‘It might help Fresno as long as they lose.’ \u003ccite>Michelle Anderson, Stanford law professor\u003c/cite>\u003c/aside>\n\u003cp>“It might help Fresno as long as they lose,” Anderson said. “If they win, it might help as well, but it just becomes a more complicated question that I really think we wouldn’t be able to answer for 15 years.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Larry Westerlund is the economic development director for Fresno. On a bunch of maps hanging in City Hall, he showed me the vacant buildings and parking lots that are potential sites for Amazon’s second headquarters.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“It would be a tidal change for Fresno,” Westerlund said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Westerlund said he understands Amazon will probably go somewhere else, a place with a larger, more educated workforce, or a city offering huge tax breaks. But he said he hopes his proposal will at least bring some attention to Fresno.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“We are the flyover city of California,” Westerlund said. “We’d love to have more people understand the size of Fresno, the opportunity that is in Fresno, particularly when we see all the hyperactivity on the coast.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>It’s Westerlund who came up with the idea to give Amazon a say in how it spends its tax dollars. If Fresno doesn’t win Amazon’s favor, he said the city will offer the proposal to other big corporations looking for a home.\u003c/p>\n\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>",
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"content": "\u003cp>On New Year’s Day, dozens of people stood in line at Buddy’s Cannabis in San Jose to buy marijuana for the first time legally.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Buddy’s was the first shop in California to receive a license to sell recreational marijuana. In the days leading up to Jan. 1, there was a flurry of activity in the inventory room as workers prepared for big crowds by weighing, measuring, labeling and packing cannabis in child-proof containers.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[contextly_sidebar id=”ORwlXWmJStjwMMBiBz97lz6jq9o7JotC”]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“There’s 14-gram jars, there are 3½-gram jars,” points out Matt Lucero, owner of Buddy’s Cannabis. For the last eight years he’s been selling medical marijuana in a nondescript industrial building in North San Jose.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Folks who want to have safe access to cannabis, they know how to find us. The folks who are opposed to us never have to see us.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11639841\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 800px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-medium wp-image-11639841\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2018/01/BuddysMain-800x588.jpg\" alt=\"An employee at Buddy's Cannabis in San Jose weighs, sorts and fills containers of cannabis for sale.\" width=\"800\" height=\"588\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2018/01/BuddysMain-800x588.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2018/01/BuddysMain-160x118.jpg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2018/01/BuddysMain-1020x749.jpg 1020w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2018/01/BuddysMain.jpg 1920w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2018/01/BuddysMain-1180x867.jpg 1180w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2018/01/BuddysMain-960x705.jpg 960w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2018/01/BuddysMain-240x176.jpg 240w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2018/01/BuddysMain-375x275.jpg 375w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2018/01/BuddysMain-520x382.jpg 520w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">An employee at Buddy’s Cannabis in San Jose weighs, sorts and fills containers of cannabis for sale. \u003ccite>(Tonya Mosley/KQED)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>In 2016, California voters approved Proposition 64, which allows adults over 21 to purchase marijuana for recreational use. It also established a process for licensing retail sales. The state’s blessing culminates a hard-fought journey to bring the industry out of the shadows of the black market.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Lucero learned through trial and error the social stigma around selling cannabis when he quit his job as a corporate attorney to open up a medical marijuana shop in Mountain View.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11639851\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 800px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-medium wp-image-11639851\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2018/01/BuddysExterior-800x683.jpg\" alt=\"Buddy's Cannabis owner Matt Lucero was a practicing attorney before he opened the marijuana dispensary.\" width=\"800\" height=\"683\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2018/01/BuddysExterior-800x683.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2018/01/BuddysExterior-160x137.jpg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2018/01/BuddysExterior-1020x871.jpg 1020w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2018/01/BuddysExterior.jpg 1920w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2018/01/BuddysExterior-1180x1007.jpg 1180w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2018/01/BuddysExterior-960x820.jpg 960w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2018/01/BuddysExterior-240x205.jpg 240w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2018/01/BuddysExterior-375x320.jpg 375w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2018/01/BuddysExterior-520x444.jpg 520w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Buddy’s Cannabis owner Matt Lucero was a practicing attorney before he opened the marijuana dispensary. \u003ccite>(Tonya Mosley/KQED)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>“We were kicked out of town about three months after that. We went to Sunnyvale and we were there for about 10 days before being asked very forcefully to leave,” he says.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Lucero ended up in San Jose, one of the few cities at the time with established medical marijuana regulations.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Well, this certainly is an ongoing social experiment. But I think right now we are continuing to build credibility with our community.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11639853\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 800px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-medium wp-image-11639853\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2018/01/BuddysCounter-800x545.jpg\" alt=\"An employee helps a customer at Buddy's Cannabis in San Jose.\" width=\"800\" height=\"545\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2018/01/BuddysCounter-800x545.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2018/01/BuddysCounter-160x109.jpg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2018/01/BuddysCounter-1020x695.jpg 1020w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2018/01/BuddysCounter.jpg 1920w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2018/01/BuddysCounter-1180x804.jpg 1180w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2018/01/BuddysCounter-960x655.jpg 960w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2018/01/BuddysCounter-240x164.jpg 240w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2018/01/BuddysCounter-375x256.jpg 375w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2018/01/BuddysCounter-520x355.jpg 520w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">An employee helps a customer at Buddy’s Cannabis in San Jose. \u003ccite>(Tonya Mosley/KQED)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Buddy’s and other recreational pot shops will be highly regulated. And customers’ purchases will be taxed, which means you can expect to pay more than the street version. But after all he has been through to get this business off the ground, Lucero believes the hardest part of it all is behind him.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“My estimate is that beginning Jan. 1 we’ll probably have an overnight increase about 30 percent in revenue.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>He’s confident that growth will continue beyond the new year, enough to create more jobs and expand operations.\u003c/p>\n\n",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>On New Year’s Day, dozens of people stood in line at Buddy’s Cannabis in San Jose to buy marijuana for the first time legally.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Buddy’s was the first shop in California to receive a license to sell recreational marijuana. In the days leading up to Jan. 1, there was a flurry of activity in the inventory room as workers prepared for big crowds by weighing, measuring, labeling and packing cannabis in child-proof containers.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“There’s 14-gram jars, there are 3½-gram jars,” points out Matt Lucero, owner of Buddy’s Cannabis. For the last eight years he’s been selling medical marijuana in a nondescript industrial building in North San Jose.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Folks who want to have safe access to cannabis, they know how to find us. The folks who are opposed to us never have to see us.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11639841\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 800px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-medium wp-image-11639841\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2018/01/BuddysMain-800x588.jpg\" alt=\"An employee at Buddy's Cannabis in San Jose weighs, sorts and fills containers of cannabis for sale.\" width=\"800\" height=\"588\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2018/01/BuddysMain-800x588.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2018/01/BuddysMain-160x118.jpg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2018/01/BuddysMain-1020x749.jpg 1020w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2018/01/BuddysMain.jpg 1920w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2018/01/BuddysMain-1180x867.jpg 1180w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2018/01/BuddysMain-960x705.jpg 960w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2018/01/BuddysMain-240x176.jpg 240w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2018/01/BuddysMain-375x275.jpg 375w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2018/01/BuddysMain-520x382.jpg 520w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">An employee at Buddy’s Cannabis in San Jose weighs, sorts and fills containers of cannabis for sale. \u003ccite>(Tonya Mosley/KQED)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>In 2016, California voters approved Proposition 64, which allows adults over 21 to purchase marijuana for recreational use. It also established a process for licensing retail sales. The state’s blessing culminates a hard-fought journey to bring the industry out of the shadows of the black market.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Lucero learned through trial and error the social stigma around selling cannabis when he quit his job as a corporate attorney to open up a medical marijuana shop in Mountain View.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11639851\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 800px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-medium wp-image-11639851\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2018/01/BuddysExterior-800x683.jpg\" alt=\"Buddy's Cannabis owner Matt Lucero was a practicing attorney before he opened the marijuana dispensary.\" width=\"800\" height=\"683\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2018/01/BuddysExterior-800x683.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2018/01/BuddysExterior-160x137.jpg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2018/01/BuddysExterior-1020x871.jpg 1020w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2018/01/BuddysExterior.jpg 1920w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2018/01/BuddysExterior-1180x1007.jpg 1180w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2018/01/BuddysExterior-960x820.jpg 960w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2018/01/BuddysExterior-240x205.jpg 240w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2018/01/BuddysExterior-375x320.jpg 375w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2018/01/BuddysExterior-520x444.jpg 520w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Buddy’s Cannabis owner Matt Lucero was a practicing attorney before he opened the marijuana dispensary. \u003ccite>(Tonya Mosley/KQED)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>“We were kicked out of town about three months after that. We went to Sunnyvale and we were there for about 10 days before being asked very forcefully to leave,” he says.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Lucero ended up in San Jose, one of the few cities at the time with established medical marijuana regulations.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Well, this certainly is an ongoing social experiment. But I think right now we are continuing to build credibility with our community.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11639853\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 800px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-medium wp-image-11639853\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2018/01/BuddysCounter-800x545.jpg\" alt=\"An employee helps a customer at Buddy's Cannabis in San Jose.\" width=\"800\" height=\"545\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2018/01/BuddysCounter-800x545.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2018/01/BuddysCounter-160x109.jpg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2018/01/BuddysCounter-1020x695.jpg 1020w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2018/01/BuddysCounter.jpg 1920w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2018/01/BuddysCounter-1180x804.jpg 1180w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2018/01/BuddysCounter-960x655.jpg 960w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2018/01/BuddysCounter-240x164.jpg 240w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2018/01/BuddysCounter-375x256.jpg 375w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2018/01/BuddysCounter-520x355.jpg 520w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">An employee helps a customer at Buddy’s Cannabis in San Jose. \u003ccite>(Tonya Mosley/KQED)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Buddy’s and other recreational pot shops will be highly regulated. And customers’ purchases will be taxed, which means you can expect to pay more than the street version. But after all he has been through to get this business off the ground, Lucero believes the hardest part of it all is behind him.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“My estimate is that beginning Jan. 1 we’ll probably have an overnight increase about 30 percent in revenue.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>He’s confident that growth will continue beyond the new year, enough to create more jobs and expand operations.\u003c/p>\n\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>",
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"content": "\u003cp>East Palo Alto resident Christopher Boyd, 54, has a lot of job experience. His resume lists expertise in enterprise architecture and artificial intelligence — but for the last five years, he hasn’t been able to land a job.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“I find as a highly experienced person that is over the millennial age, my resume can’t even get past the screening process.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Boyd estimates he has filled out thousands of online applications for tech jobs. As a resident of East Palo Alto, it feels demoralizing, he says, to drive by big tech campuses day after day.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“It’s more than frustrating. It has a significant toll on people. They begin to feel depressed, they begin to feel outdated.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>As Facebook is poised to expand its headquarters, the social media giant has begun asking residents like Boyd how the company could be a better neighbor. In addition to more affordable housing and less traffic, residents say they want a more transparent way to apply for jobs — and Facebook says it’s now doing something about that.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Under a new portal on the Facebook Jobs website called \u003ca href=\"https://pages.beamery.com/facebook/page/communities\">Access\u003c/a>, residents from East Palo Alto, Belle Haven and North Fair Oaks can apply for jobs and hear directly from someone about whether they qualify to move on in the application process.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“It’s really having someone here in place that can allow for there to be additional attention paid to the resumes of local candidates,” says Juan Salazar, public policy manager for Facebook. “That’s having someone really advocate for those folks, like our recruiters and so forth, to get them placed.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[contextly_sidebar id=”kdAME7pCXlDTfgXIygIj3Dql1fYnhsZA”]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>If applicants meet hiring criteria, they will go through the process like everyone else. If they need more training, Facebook says it will share ways to gain those skills.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Access, Salazar says, is also a portal for contractors. Until now, one of the few ways candidates would learn about contracting jobs was through job fairs.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“I think for us, it’s meet them in the middle in terms of determining how is it that they can get connected to the tech economy.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>This isn’t the first time Peninsula residents have pushed for big tech companies to hire more locals.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Last spring, when Amazon moved into East Palo Alto, the retail giant said there weren’t enough high-skilled residents to fill what’s called the “first source” rule, which requires companies to hire 30 percent of their employees from within the city.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Residents protested, and Amazon and the developer made a concession by partnering with the nonprofit \u003ca href=\"http://www.jobtrainworks.org/about-us/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">JobTrain\u003c/a>. The career counseling center now has an office on the Amazon campus, and provides job training, classes and resume building for community members.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[contextly_sidebar id=”0KRgsAOZfMBthnvKOmExsRcaDF7zQGtU”]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“This employment center was kind of the catalyst in really trying to make a good-faith effort to the community to provide some support for people that were looking for work,” says Art Taylor, chief program officer of JobTrain.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>JobTrain is where Boyd learned about the option of going back to school to brush up his resume.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>He’s now taking a web tech class taught through the nonprofit in conjunction with Salesforce.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“If somebody will take a look at our capabilities, we will get jobs,” says Boyd. “Just having the expectation of being treated the same, let’s say, as other millennial resumes that are crossing the desk of hiring managers. This would change life from darkness to a sunlit day with hope in it.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In 10 months, Boyd will have a new certification — and renewed hope, he says, that this time around, someone on the other side of that online portal will give him a shot.\u003c/p>\n\n",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>East Palo Alto resident Christopher Boyd, 54, has a lot of job experience. His resume lists expertise in enterprise architecture and artificial intelligence — but for the last five years, he hasn’t been able to land a job.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“I find as a highly experienced person that is over the millennial age, my resume can’t even get past the screening process.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Boyd estimates he has filled out thousands of online applications for tech jobs. As a resident of East Palo Alto, it feels demoralizing, he says, to drive by big tech campuses day after day.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“It’s more than frustrating. It has a significant toll on people. They begin to feel depressed, they begin to feel outdated.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>As Facebook is poised to expand its headquarters, the social media giant has begun asking residents like Boyd how the company could be a better neighbor. In addition to more affordable housing and less traffic, residents say they want a more transparent way to apply for jobs — and Facebook says it’s now doing something about that.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Under a new portal on the Facebook Jobs website called \u003ca href=\"https://pages.beamery.com/facebook/page/communities\">Access\u003c/a>, residents from East Palo Alto, Belle Haven and North Fair Oaks can apply for jobs and hear directly from someone about whether they qualify to move on in the application process.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“It’s really having someone here in place that can allow for there to be additional attention paid to the resumes of local candidates,” says Juan Salazar, public policy manager for Facebook. “That’s having someone really advocate for those folks, like our recruiters and so forth, to get them placed.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>If applicants meet hiring criteria, they will go through the process like everyone else. If they need more training, Facebook says it will share ways to gain those skills.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Access, Salazar says, is also a portal for contractors. Until now, one of the few ways candidates would learn about contracting jobs was through job fairs.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“I think for us, it’s meet them in the middle in terms of determining how is it that they can get connected to the tech economy.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>This isn’t the first time Peninsula residents have pushed for big tech companies to hire more locals.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Last spring, when Amazon moved into East Palo Alto, the retail giant said there weren’t enough high-skilled residents to fill what’s called the “first source” rule, which requires companies to hire 30 percent of their employees from within the city.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Residents protested, and Amazon and the developer made a concession by partnering with the nonprofit \u003ca href=\"http://www.jobtrainworks.org/about-us/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">JobTrain\u003c/a>. The career counseling center now has an office on the Amazon campus, and provides job training, classes and resume building for community members.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“This employment center was kind of the catalyst in really trying to make a good-faith effort to the community to provide some support for people that were looking for work,” says Art Taylor, chief program officer of JobTrain.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>JobTrain is where Boyd learned about the option of going back to school to brush up his resume.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>He’s now taking a web tech class taught through the nonprofit in conjunction with Salesforce.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“If somebody will take a look at our capabilities, we will get jobs,” says Boyd. “Just having the expectation of being treated the same, let’s say, as other millennial resumes that are crossing the desk of hiring managers. This would change life from darkness to a sunlit day with hope in it.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In 10 months, Boyd will have a new certification — and renewed hope, he says, that this time around, someone on the other side of that online portal will give him a shot.\u003c/p>\n\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>",
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"content": "\u003cp>A week after admitting to intentionally slowing down older iPhones without telling customers, Apple is apologizing and slashing $50 off its normal $79 price to put a new battery into old phones.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"We know that some of you feel Apple has let you down. We apologize,\" the company said in announcing the change. It added that there has been \"a lot of misunderstanding about this issue.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The $29 battery replacement price will apply to any out-of-warranty iPhone 6 or later and will begin to be available in late January, Apple says. The worldwide program will continue through December 2018.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Apple is responding to criticisms that followed its confirmation last week of independent tests that showed processors in several models of iPhone 6 and 7 were slowed down if their owners had updated their devices' operating system, or iOS.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Apple said it took the step to ease demands on older batteries to prevent the phones from shutting down suddenly. But many users aired their frustrations that the company would tinker with how their phones operate, saying that the admission confirmed long-held suspicions that new software was slowing down phones that were only one or two years old.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>And because the biggest changes to Apple's iOS usually come in tandem with a new iPhone model, the timing fed accusations that the approach also allowed Apple to use \"planned obsolescence\" to push customers to buy new phones.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>It was \u003ca href=\"https://www.reddit.com/r/iphone/comments/7inu45/psa_iphone_slow_try_replacing_your_battery/\" rel=\"noopener\" target=\"_blank\">a Reddit post by a user named TeckFire\u003c/a> that drove intense interest in Apple's battery strategy earlier this month, after the Redditor noticed that different versions of the iPhone 6 series were running at vastly different speeds — and that processor speeds picked up again if the battery was replaced.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Confirming that dynamic, Apple says that \"when a chemically aged battery is replaced with a new one, iPhone performance returns to normal when operated in standard conditions.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Apple has said that its phone batteries are meant to keep up to 80 percent of their capacity for 500 complete charges. But if a user was able to deplete and charge the phone every day, that would equal less than 18 months.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The tech giant also says it will issue a new iOS update sometime in early 2018, \"with new features that give users more visibility into the health of their iPhone's battery, so they can see for themselves if its condition is affecting performance.\" \u003c/p>\n\u003cdiv class=\"fullattribution\">Copyright 2017 NPR. To see more, visit http://www.npr.org/.\u003cimg src=\"https://www.google-analytics.com/__utm.gif?utmac=UA-5828686-4&utmdt=Apple+Apologizes+For+Slowdowns%2C+Lops+%2450+Off+Battery+Replacement+Cost&utme=8(APIKey)9(MDAxOTAwOTE4MDEyMTkxMDAzNjczZDljZA004)\">\u003c/div>\n\n",
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"excerpt": "\"We know that some of you feel Apple has let you down. We apologize,\" the company said in announcing a plan to help customers speed up their older iPhones.",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>A week after admitting to intentionally slowing down older iPhones without telling customers, Apple is apologizing and slashing $50 off its normal $79 price to put a new battery into old phones.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"We know that some of you feel Apple has let you down. We apologize,\" the company said in announcing the change. It added that there has been \"a lot of misunderstanding about this issue.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The $29 battery replacement price will apply to any out-of-warranty iPhone 6 or later and will begin to be available in late January, Apple says. The worldwide program will continue through December 2018.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Apple is responding to criticisms that followed its confirmation last week of independent tests that showed processors in several models of iPhone 6 and 7 were slowed down if their owners had updated their devices' operating system, or iOS.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Apple said it took the step to ease demands on older batteries to prevent the phones from shutting down suddenly. But many users aired their frustrations that the company would tinker with how their phones operate, saying that the admission confirmed long-held suspicions that new software was slowing down phones that were only one or two years old.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>And because the biggest changes to Apple's iOS usually come in tandem with a new iPhone model, the timing fed accusations that the approach also allowed Apple to use \"planned obsolescence\" to push customers to buy new phones.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>It was \u003ca href=\"https://www.reddit.com/r/iphone/comments/7inu45/psa_iphone_slow_try_replacing_your_battery/\" rel=\"noopener\" target=\"_blank\">a Reddit post by a user named TeckFire\u003c/a> that drove intense interest in Apple's battery strategy earlier this month, after the Redditor noticed that different versions of the iPhone 6 series were running at vastly different speeds — and that processor speeds picked up again if the battery was replaced.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Confirming that dynamic, Apple says that \"when a chemically aged battery is replaced with a new one, iPhone performance returns to normal when operated in standard conditions.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Apple has said that its phone batteries are meant to keep up to 80 percent of their capacity for 500 complete charges. But if a user was able to deplete and charge the phone every day, that would equal less than 18 months.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The tech giant also says it will issue a new iOS update sometime in early 2018, \"with new features that give users more visibility into the health of their iPhone's battery, so they can see for themselves if its condition is affecting performance.\" \u003c/p>\n\u003cdiv class=\"fullattribution\">Copyright 2017 NPR. To see more, visit http://www.npr.org/.\u003cimg src=\"https://www.google-analytics.com/__utm.gif?utmac=UA-5828686-4&utmdt=Apple+Apologizes+For+Slowdowns%2C+Lops+%2450+Off+Battery+Replacement+Cost&utme=8(APIKey)9(MDAxOTAwOTE4MDEyMTkxMDAzNjczZDljZA004)\">\u003c/div>\n\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>",
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"disqusTitle": "Tesla Troubles: Can California Impose Its Blue Values on the Green Economy?",
"title": "Tesla Troubles: Can California Impose Its Blue Values on the Green Economy?",
"headTitle": "The California Report | KQED News",
"content": "\u003cp>In the waning hours of the legislative session, Democrats pushed through new labor \u003ca href=\"https://leginfo.legislature.ca.gov/faces/billTextClient.xhtml?bill_id=201720180AB134\" rel=\"noopener\" target=\"_blank\">requirements\u003c/a> widely viewed as retaliation against \u003ca href=\"https://www.tesla.com/\" rel=\"noopener\" target=\"_blank\">Tesla\u003c/a>, the electric car maker embroiled in a union-organizing campaign at its Fremont plant.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Labor unions got lawmakers to insert two sentences into a \u003ca href=\"https://calmatters.org/articles/cap-and-trade-in-two-and-half-minutes-video/\" rel=\"noopener\" target=\"_blank\">cap-and-trade\u003c/a> funding \u003ca href=\"https://leginfo.legislature.ca.gov/faces/billTextClient.xhtml?bill_id=201720180AB134\" rel=\"noopener\" target=\"_blank\">bill\u003c/a> requiring automakers to be certified “as fair and responsible in the the treatment of their workers” before their customers can obtain up to $2,500 from California’s clean vehicle rebate program.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>At the time, Democrats openly wrestled with the concern that the United Automobile Workers, which is trying to maintain its role as the auto industry makes big bets on electric vehicles -- was expanding its unionization campaign from the factory floor to the Senate floor. Sen. Steve Glazer of Orinda said the state should not “hold our environmental projects hostage to a fight with one progressive employer.” Sen. Connie Leyva of Chino countered that California shouldn’t want companies to succeed at the expense of workers.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Now, with regulators starting to draft the new rules, a lingering question remains. How far will California -- the first state in the nation to approve $15 minimum wage and a state that has set an ambitious goal to put 1.5 million zero emissions vehicles on the road by 2025 -- go in order to graft its blue values onto the green sector?\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“In politics, your oldest friends are your best friends,” said Dan Schnur, former head of California’s campaign watchdog agency and now a professor at the University of Southern California. “The tech people may have come to Sacramento with a lot of money and with an agenda that dovetails with the governor and legislators’ policy priorities, but they’re still the new guys on the block. Labor’s been there for a long, long time.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Now state regulators -- at both the state Air Resources Board and the Labor & Workforce Development Agency -- will hold public hearings and draft rules for certifying automakers who want their vehicles to qualify for California rebates. The Legislature will then need to approve those.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Among the points of contention:\u003c/p>\n\u003cul>\n\u003cli>What is “fair and responsible” to auto workers?\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>How will the state weigh wage and benefit standards, or training and safety requirements, against manufacturing costs?\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>How will the state certify vehicles made outside of California or even out of the country, such as in Mexico and China, where wages are lower and labor regulations are less stringent? Or will automakers self-police by adhering to a code of conduct?\u003c/li>\n\u003c/ul>\n\u003cp>Dean Florez, a former Democratic state lawmaker and a member of the air board, said California can have both labor protections and environmental leadership as the state charts new territory.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“We shouldn’t be using public money to fund or support companies that do not meet basic worker protections,” Florez said. “We shouldn’t undercut the labor protections that we have fought for, for so many years. And I think that there is a danger in doing so; I think we would lose the confidence of the public for environmental leadership in the end.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>California’s new requirement will apply to all automakers, but it couldn’t have come at a worse time for Tesla, a company that prides itself on innovation and disrupting the status quo. When plant workers went public with complaints about \u003ca href=\"https://medium.com/@moran2017j/time-for-tesla-to-listen-ab5c6259fc88\" rel=\"noopener\" target=\"_blank\">low pay, long hours and unsafe conditions\u003c/a>, Tesla co-founder and CEO Elon Musk labeled labor’s tactics “\u003ca href=\"https://electrek.co/2017/02/24/tesla-union-elon-musk-addresses-employees/\" rel=\"noopener\" target=\"_blank\">disingenuous or outright false\u003c/a>.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>While making $17 to $21 an hour is above minimum wage, Tesla employee Jose Moran noted that a living wage in the San Francisco Bay Area is a lot higher -- around $28. Musk responded that Tesla’s compensation package is higher than General Motors, Ford and Fiat when including Tesla’s employee stock program.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The company wouldn’t comment now, beyond referring back to what its policy director Sanjay Ranchod told lawmakers at a September hearing: “The company is committed to protecting the health and safety of its workers, and we are committed to continue and to make progress towards our goal of becoming the safest auto factory in the world.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>As the nation’s newest automaker, Tesla is also on track to be \u003ca href=\"https://www.bloomberg.com/news/articles/2017-11-02/evs-from-tesla-and-gm-may-start-losing-their-tax-credits\" rel=\"noopener\" target=\"_blank\">the first\u003c/a> to max out on a federal tax credit of up to $7,500 per vehicle. And with its Model 3 sedans pitched as its affordable electric car at $35,000, Tesla will need California’s rebate more than ever to compete against other electric cars such as the Nissan Leaf or Chevrolet Bolt.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Business boosters wonder why the state would single out clean-energy vehicles over gasoline cars for greater scrutiny when \u003ca href=\"https://www.arb.ca.gov/msprog/zevprog/zevprog.htm\" rel=\"noopener\" target=\"_blank\">40 percent\u003c/a> of the state’s greenhouse gases come from tailpipe emissions.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>They worry Sacramento’s pro-labor stance will dissuade companies from locating or expanding in California. Already, Tesla located its first battery factory just outside the state line in Sparks, Nevada.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Politicians say they want good-paying jobs, and to grow manufacturing and reduce greenhouse gas emissions, “and yet, we’re in the ironic place where Tesla is being attacked by some elected officials relative to whether or not their workers are unionized,” said Carl Guardino, head of the Silicon Valley Leadership Group, a trade association representing nearly 400 Silicon Valley employers, including Tesla.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>California is home to about 10,000 auto industry workers, virtually all from Tesla. That’s compared to 38,000 in Michigan, 24,000 in Kentucky and 20,000 in Ohio, according to the U.S. Labor Department’s \u003ca href=\"https://www.bls.gov/iag/tgs/iagauto.htm\" rel=\"noopener\" target=\"_blank\">Bureau of Labor Statistics\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Union representatives say the goal is not to slow the production of clean energy vehicles. Rather, they maintain, if taxpayer money is being used to help sell cars, then it’s up to the state to make sure it results in good-paying jobs.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“This is all part of our work at the labor movement to make sure there’s accountability for public investments,” said Angie Wei, an influential lobbyist for the California Labor Federation, the umbrella group for unions including the UAW. “If we’re going to put taxpayer money into it, then we’d sure better be getting something out of it for jobs.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The union also is trying to maintain its role as the auto industry makes big bets on electric vehicles. Just this year, \u003ca href=\"https://www.nytimes.com/2017/07/05/business/energy-environment/volvo-hybrid-electric-car.html\" rel=\"noopener\" target=\"_blank\">Volvo\u003c/a> and \u003ca href=\"https://www.washingtonpost.com/news/innovations/wp/2017/10/02/death-of-diesel-begins-as-gm-announces-plans-for-all-electric-future/?utm_term=.89c8dd93f339\" rel=\"noopener\" target=\"_blank\">GM\u003c/a> announced plans to phase out conventional engines. The union can also use a win in labor-friendly California after losing an organizing effort at a \u003ca href=\"https://www.nytimes.com/2017/08/05/business/nissan-united-auto-workers-union-mississippi.html\" rel=\"noopener\" target=\"_blank\">Nissan plant in Mississippi\u003c/a>, a right-to-work state.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>It’s worth noting the Nummi plant that Tesla took over in Fremont was represented by the union before the joint venture between GM and Toyota closed in 2010.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“It is about Tesla and it isn’t about Tesla,” Wei said. “We had a gas-and-combustion industry that for decades created good middle-class jobs. They’re now being replaced by electric vehicles. This is our new economy, and with major public investment. The question is are we going to allow the auto industry to create and maintain middle class jobs? Or are they going to become the next Walmartization of the economy?”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Sacramento has placed itself at the forefront of cleaning up the environment. Gov. Jerry Brown and fellow Democratic lawmakers have \u003ca href=\"https://calmatters.org/articles/blog/leaving-europe-brown-says-hes-talked-enough-wants-get-something-done/\" rel=\"noopener\" target=\"_blank\">pitched California as a model to the world\u003c/a> for reducing air pollution and greenhouse gases that contribute to climate change in direct response to the Trump administration’s anti-regulatory philosophy.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But California has also had a longstanding relationship with labor unions, stepping up the minimum wage and offering access to paid sick and family leave. In recent years, the California Labor Federation has successfully pushed legislation to protect immigrant workers from threats of deportation and expanded authority for the state to go after employers who skirt overtime or minimum-wage laws. \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Lobbying reports show Tesla spent $189,237 on lobbying in the 3-month cycle during which the bill was debated, compared to $103,351 for the labor federation. But labor’s might comes also from being able to mobilize its members on issues and during elections.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Democratic lawmakers who struggled to prioritize the interests of two political allies will have more to soul-searching to do next year.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11638714\" class=\"wp-caption alignright\" style=\"max-width: 400px\">\u003cimg src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2017/12/TESLA_Catura_004-400x600.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"400\" height=\"600\" class=\"size-full wp-image-11638714\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/12/TESLA_Catura_004-400x600.jpg 400w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/12/TESLA_Catura_004-400x600-160x240.jpg 160w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/12/TESLA_Catura_004-400x600-240x360.jpg 240w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/12/TESLA_Catura_004-400x600-375x563.jpg 375w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 400px) 100vw, 400px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Michael Catura, 33, a battery pack line worker at Tesla. \u003ccite>(Penni Gladstone for CALmatters)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Democratic Sen. Scott Weiner of San Francisco, who has a record of advancing the green economy and supporting prevailing wage to maintain union pay on public works projects, said he was unhappy that the so called “Tesla rule” had been inserted at the last minute. “This is significant and important enough that it should be vetted through a normal legislative process with public scrutiny. That to me is the best way to come to the right solution,” he said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>His fellow Democratic lawmaker and San Franciscan Phil Ting, who chairs the Assembly Budget Committee and authored the measure, insisted it strikes “a good middle ground.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“We could have said you’re not going to get any money unless your workforce is unionized. That could have been something we inserted. We didn’t,” Ting said in an interview. “Having said that, we also could have done nothing. So if you look at the two extremes where we could done nothing or we could have dictated the type of workforce, I think this is the middle of those extremes.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Ultimately, the decision to unionize remains up to workers.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Michael Catura, 33, a battery pack line worker who has been at Tesla for nearly four years, said he supports joining the union because it would mean a higher wage and seniority for him. As the son of a postal worker, Catura said he has been disappointed that he has been passed over for promotions because supervisors can play favorites. He said he started at $17 an hour and now makes $21 an hour.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Catura has one message for Elon Musk: “I would tell him, ‘Hey man, scratch my back and I’ll scratch yours. Give us more than just a bone.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad floatright]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>CALmatters.org is a nonprofit, nonpartisan media venture explaining California policies and politics.\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\n",
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"excerpt": "With regulators drafting new rules on electric car makers, a lingering question remains. How far will California -- the first state in the nation to approve $15 minimum wage and a state that has set an ambitious goal to put 1.5 million zero emissions vehicles on the road by 2025 -- go in order to graft its blue values onto the green sector?",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>In the waning hours of the legislative session, Democrats pushed through new labor \u003ca href=\"https://leginfo.legislature.ca.gov/faces/billTextClient.xhtml?bill_id=201720180AB134\" rel=\"noopener\" target=\"_blank\">requirements\u003c/a> widely viewed as retaliation against \u003ca href=\"https://www.tesla.com/\" rel=\"noopener\" target=\"_blank\">Tesla\u003c/a>, the electric car maker embroiled in a union-organizing campaign at its Fremont plant.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Labor unions got lawmakers to insert two sentences into a \u003ca href=\"https://calmatters.org/articles/cap-and-trade-in-two-and-half-minutes-video/\" rel=\"noopener\" target=\"_blank\">cap-and-trade\u003c/a> funding \u003ca href=\"https://leginfo.legislature.ca.gov/faces/billTextClient.xhtml?bill_id=201720180AB134\" rel=\"noopener\" target=\"_blank\">bill\u003c/a> requiring automakers to be certified “as fair and responsible in the the treatment of their workers” before their customers can obtain up to $2,500 from California’s clean vehicle rebate program.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>At the time, Democrats openly wrestled with the concern that the United Automobile Workers, which is trying to maintain its role as the auto industry makes big bets on electric vehicles -- was expanding its unionization campaign from the factory floor to the Senate floor. Sen. Steve Glazer of Orinda said the state should not “hold our environmental projects hostage to a fight with one progressive employer.” Sen. Connie Leyva of Chino countered that California shouldn’t want companies to succeed at the expense of workers.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Now, with regulators starting to draft the new rules, a lingering question remains. How far will California -- the first state in the nation to approve $15 minimum wage and a state that has set an ambitious goal to put 1.5 million zero emissions vehicles on the road by 2025 -- go in order to graft its blue values onto the green sector?\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“In politics, your oldest friends are your best friends,” said Dan Schnur, former head of California’s campaign watchdog agency and now a professor at the University of Southern California. “The tech people may have come to Sacramento with a lot of money and with an agenda that dovetails with the governor and legislators’ policy priorities, but they’re still the new guys on the block. Labor’s been there for a long, long time.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Now state regulators -- at both the state Air Resources Board and the Labor & Workforce Development Agency -- will hold public hearings and draft rules for certifying automakers who want their vehicles to qualify for California rebates. The Legislature will then need to approve those.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Among the points of contention:\u003c/p>\n\u003cul>\n\u003cli>What is “fair and responsible” to auto workers?\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>How will the state weigh wage and benefit standards, or training and safety requirements, against manufacturing costs?\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>How will the state certify vehicles made outside of California or even out of the country, such as in Mexico and China, where wages are lower and labor regulations are less stringent? Or will automakers self-police by adhering to a code of conduct?\u003c/li>\n\u003c/ul>\n\u003cp>Dean Florez, a former Democratic state lawmaker and a member of the air board, said California can have both labor protections and environmental leadership as the state charts new territory.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“We shouldn’t be using public money to fund or support companies that do not meet basic worker protections,” Florez said. “We shouldn’t undercut the labor protections that we have fought for, for so many years. And I think that there is a danger in doing so; I think we would lose the confidence of the public for environmental leadership in the end.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>California’s new requirement will apply to all automakers, but it couldn’t have come at a worse time for Tesla, a company that prides itself on innovation and disrupting the status quo. When plant workers went public with complaints about \u003ca href=\"https://medium.com/@moran2017j/time-for-tesla-to-listen-ab5c6259fc88\" rel=\"noopener\" target=\"_blank\">low pay, long hours and unsafe conditions\u003c/a>, Tesla co-founder and CEO Elon Musk labeled labor’s tactics “\u003ca href=\"https://electrek.co/2017/02/24/tesla-union-elon-musk-addresses-employees/\" rel=\"noopener\" target=\"_blank\">disingenuous or outright false\u003c/a>.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>While making $17 to $21 an hour is above minimum wage, Tesla employee Jose Moran noted that a living wage in the San Francisco Bay Area is a lot higher -- around $28. Musk responded that Tesla’s compensation package is higher than General Motors, Ford and Fiat when including Tesla’s employee stock program.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The company wouldn’t comment now, beyond referring back to what its policy director Sanjay Ranchod told lawmakers at a September hearing: “The company is committed to protecting the health and safety of its workers, and we are committed to continue and to make progress towards our goal of becoming the safest auto factory in the world.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>As the nation’s newest automaker, Tesla is also on track to be \u003ca href=\"https://www.bloomberg.com/news/articles/2017-11-02/evs-from-tesla-and-gm-may-start-losing-their-tax-credits\" rel=\"noopener\" target=\"_blank\">the first\u003c/a> to max out on a federal tax credit of up to $7,500 per vehicle. And with its Model 3 sedans pitched as its affordable electric car at $35,000, Tesla will need California’s rebate more than ever to compete against other electric cars such as the Nissan Leaf or Chevrolet Bolt.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Business boosters wonder why the state would single out clean-energy vehicles over gasoline cars for greater scrutiny when \u003ca href=\"https://www.arb.ca.gov/msprog/zevprog/zevprog.htm\" rel=\"noopener\" target=\"_blank\">40 percent\u003c/a> of the state’s greenhouse gases come from tailpipe emissions.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>They worry Sacramento’s pro-labor stance will dissuade companies from locating or expanding in California. Already, Tesla located its first battery factory just outside the state line in Sparks, Nevada.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Politicians say they want good-paying jobs, and to grow manufacturing and reduce greenhouse gas emissions, “and yet, we’re in the ironic place where Tesla is being attacked by some elected officials relative to whether or not their workers are unionized,” said Carl Guardino, head of the Silicon Valley Leadership Group, a trade association representing nearly 400 Silicon Valley employers, including Tesla.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>California is home to about 10,000 auto industry workers, virtually all from Tesla. That’s compared to 38,000 in Michigan, 24,000 in Kentucky and 20,000 in Ohio, according to the U.S. Labor Department’s \u003ca href=\"https://www.bls.gov/iag/tgs/iagauto.htm\" rel=\"noopener\" target=\"_blank\">Bureau of Labor Statistics\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Union representatives say the goal is not to slow the production of clean energy vehicles. Rather, they maintain, if taxpayer money is being used to help sell cars, then it’s up to the state to make sure it results in good-paying jobs.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“This is all part of our work at the labor movement to make sure there’s accountability for public investments,” said Angie Wei, an influential lobbyist for the California Labor Federation, the umbrella group for unions including the UAW. “If we’re going to put taxpayer money into it, then we’d sure better be getting something out of it for jobs.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The union also is trying to maintain its role as the auto industry makes big bets on electric vehicles. Just this year, \u003ca href=\"https://www.nytimes.com/2017/07/05/business/energy-environment/volvo-hybrid-electric-car.html\" rel=\"noopener\" target=\"_blank\">Volvo\u003c/a> and \u003ca href=\"https://www.washingtonpost.com/news/innovations/wp/2017/10/02/death-of-diesel-begins-as-gm-announces-plans-for-all-electric-future/?utm_term=.89c8dd93f339\" rel=\"noopener\" target=\"_blank\">GM\u003c/a> announced plans to phase out conventional engines. The union can also use a win in labor-friendly California after losing an organizing effort at a \u003ca href=\"https://www.nytimes.com/2017/08/05/business/nissan-united-auto-workers-union-mississippi.html\" rel=\"noopener\" target=\"_blank\">Nissan plant in Mississippi\u003c/a>, a right-to-work state.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>It’s worth noting the Nummi plant that Tesla took over in Fremont was represented by the union before the joint venture between GM and Toyota closed in 2010.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“It is about Tesla and it isn’t about Tesla,” Wei said. “We had a gas-and-combustion industry that for decades created good middle-class jobs. They’re now being replaced by electric vehicles. This is our new economy, and with major public investment. The question is are we going to allow the auto industry to create and maintain middle class jobs? Or are they going to become the next Walmartization of the economy?”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Sacramento has placed itself at the forefront of cleaning up the environment. Gov. Jerry Brown and fellow Democratic lawmakers have \u003ca href=\"https://calmatters.org/articles/blog/leaving-europe-brown-says-hes-talked-enough-wants-get-something-done/\" rel=\"noopener\" target=\"_blank\">pitched California as a model to the world\u003c/a> for reducing air pollution and greenhouse gases that contribute to climate change in direct response to the Trump administration’s anti-regulatory philosophy.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But California has also had a longstanding relationship with labor unions, stepping up the minimum wage and offering access to paid sick and family leave. In recent years, the California Labor Federation has successfully pushed legislation to protect immigrant workers from threats of deportation and expanded authority for the state to go after employers who skirt overtime or minimum-wage laws. \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Lobbying reports show Tesla spent $189,237 on lobbying in the 3-month cycle during which the bill was debated, compared to $103,351 for the labor federation. But labor’s might comes also from being able to mobilize its members on issues and during elections.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Democratic lawmakers who struggled to prioritize the interests of two political allies will have more to soul-searching to do next year.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11638714\" class=\"wp-caption alignright\" style=\"max-width: 400px\">\u003cimg src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2017/12/TESLA_Catura_004-400x600.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"400\" height=\"600\" class=\"size-full wp-image-11638714\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/12/TESLA_Catura_004-400x600.jpg 400w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/12/TESLA_Catura_004-400x600-160x240.jpg 160w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/12/TESLA_Catura_004-400x600-240x360.jpg 240w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/12/TESLA_Catura_004-400x600-375x563.jpg 375w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 400px) 100vw, 400px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Michael Catura, 33, a battery pack line worker at Tesla. \u003ccite>(Penni Gladstone for CALmatters)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Democratic Sen. Scott Weiner of San Francisco, who has a record of advancing the green economy and supporting prevailing wage to maintain union pay on public works projects, said he was unhappy that the so called “Tesla rule” had been inserted at the last minute. “This is significant and important enough that it should be vetted through a normal legislative process with public scrutiny. That to me is the best way to come to the right solution,” he said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>His fellow Democratic lawmaker and San Franciscan Phil Ting, who chairs the Assembly Budget Committee and authored the measure, insisted it strikes “a good middle ground.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“We could have said you’re not going to get any money unless your workforce is unionized. That could have been something we inserted. We didn’t,” Ting said in an interview. “Having said that, we also could have done nothing. So if you look at the two extremes where we could done nothing or we could have dictated the type of workforce, I think this is the middle of those extremes.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Ultimately, the decision to unionize remains up to workers.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Michael Catura, 33, a battery pack line worker who has been at Tesla for nearly four years, said he supports joining the union because it would mean a higher wage and seniority for him. As the son of a postal worker, Catura said he has been disappointed that he has been passed over for promotions because supervisors can play favorites. He said he started at $17 an hour and now makes $21 an hour.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Catura has one message for Elon Musk: “I would tell him, ‘Hey man, scratch my back and I’ll scratch yours. Give us more than just a bone.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cp>The chart on the screen looks like something out of a TV crime drama: an elaborate web of emails and phone numbers, some names and photos, all connected by a mesh of thin lines.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The man standing in front of the maze is an investigator. But if you met him at a bar, he’d probably tell you he’s a software engineer. That’s because his work is sensitive — but also, because he works for a tech company in Silicon Valley.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>As more and more of our lives play out online, so do crimes. This has prompted major tech companies to start growing internal crime-fighting cyber teams, often staffing them with former law enforcement agents. \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In this case, the man with the intense chart on his screen works for a security team called “the Paranoids” — a brand started almost 20 years ago by techies at Yahoo, now known as Oath after a merger with Verizon/AOL. \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“This is basically a fraud ring that we identified out of South Africa,” says the investigator. (He spoke anonymously to protect his work.) \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“\u003cem>We”\u003c/em> refers to the “threat investigations unit” at Oath — a team of about 20 people that hunts for fraudsters, identity thieves, child predators and other criminals who might be using Yahoo Mail, messengers, Flickr, Tumblr or other corporate platforms for their illicit acts.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c!-- iframe plugin v.4.3 wordpress.org/plugins/iframe/ -->\u003cbr>\n\u003ciframe loading=\"lazy\" src=\"https://www.npr.org/player/embed/569481122/571735736\" width=\"100%\" height=\"290\" frameborder=\"0\" scrolling=\"no\" title=\"NPR embedded audio player\" class=\"iframe-class\">\u003c/iframe>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>About a third of this team came to Silicon Valley by way of law enforcement — including the man in charge, Sean Zadig. His path to security work began as a federal agent, investigating international cybercrime at the NASA Office of Inspector General, tracking down hackers who tried to hijack NASA computers. \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>This is an interesting trend: Silicon Valley has been slowly staffing up with former agents — from the FBI, the Secret Service, or in this case, NASA. The matter even came up at a recent congressional hearing on Russia’s influence campaign on social media, where a Republican lawmaker \u003ca href=\"https://www.c-span.org/video/?436362-1/facebook-google-twitter-executives-testify-russias-influence-2016-election&start=5532\">asked a Facebook executive\u003c/a> why his company needed staff with security clearances.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In a way, it’s a reflection of modern crime. Criminals send emails, follow each other on Facebook, find victims on dating sites. Tech companies don’t want to be used for criminal schemes, and hiring highly trained federal investigators helps.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[contextly_sidebar id=”dxqi0DRrVYpxwb9oV6IxAT2sIt8z7wl8″]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But there’s also something else. \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“The government doesn’t always have the birds-eye view anymore,” says Tom Pageler, a former Secret Service agent, who’s now also in the tech industry. \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>He says it used to be that the government had more of our data: Social Security numbers, driver’s licenses, voter registration. Now, it’s private companies that know where we go online, who we’re talking to.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“I think that actually what is happening today is what we were hoping for back then,” Pageler says, referring to his days in the Secret Service in the the early 2000s. There is now “a really good partnership, where well-trained individuals are going into the private industry and know how to investigate the case and package it properly for law enforcement to do what they need to do,” he says.\u003c/p>\n\u003ch2>Charts on the Walls\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>I met the Zadig, the Oath threat investigations chief, at the company’s Sunnyvale headquarters for essentially a super nerdy ride-along, which is how I found myself staring at that intense chart.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“The chart shows who did what to whom, where they are located, how they are connected to each other,” he says. \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>His investigators can’t see the content of emails — that’s law enforcement warrant territory — but they \u003cem>can \u003c/em>connect email accounts by seeing who’s emailing whom, or whether the same phone number gets used to sign up. They can then scour the Web for social networks or other public digital trails connected to those emails and phone numbers — trying to put emails to names, faces and locations. Occasionally, they find the suspects on Facebook posing with wads of cash.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“We will print these charts out 2, 3 feet wide and they’ll be longer than the conference room table,” Zadig says. “And we’ll often sit down with law enforcement prosecutors and walk them through: Here’s how this account connects to this account, here’s how we identified this person.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Sometimes, Zadig says, his team would return later for a follow-up “and we’ll see these charts on the walls, law enforcement or prosecutors have marked on them, they’ve made new connections that we hadn’t made.” He says his team’s work has led to more than 150 arrests in about three years.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Zadig’s team usually comes in after something illegal already happened. This includes the giant \u003ca href=\"https://www.npr.org/sections/thetwo-way/2017/10/03/555016024/every-yahoo-account-that-existed-in-mid-2013-was-likely-hacked\">hacks of Yahoo itself\u003c/a>, which happened in 2013 and 2014 and were disclosed by the company in late 2016. The company has not been able to identify the 2013 hack, but for the 2014 breach, the Justice Department \u003ca href=\"https://www.justice.gov/opa/pr/us-charges-russian-fsb-officers-and-their-criminal-conspirators-hacking-yahoo-and-millions\">has indicted\u003c/a> four people: a Canadian hacker, \u003ca href=\"https://arstechnica.com/tech-policy/2017/11/canadian-man-pleads-guilty-admits-role-in-massive-2014-yahoo-hack/\">who has pleaded guilty\u003c/a>, and three Russians, two of whom are accused as agents of the Russian government.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11638345\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 800px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2017/12/img_3928-2f6858489b28df36f6eb17370ecb827270d4ea61-800x600.jpg\" alt=\"As a former federal agent, Zadig has a collection of these so-called challenge coins, which are exchanged by law enforcement agents during visits.\" width=\"800\" height=\"600\" class=\"size-medium wp-image-11638345\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">As a former federal agent, Zadig has a collection of these so-called challenge coins, which are exchanged by law enforcement agents during visits. \u003ccite>(Alina Selyukh/NPR)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003ch2>‘We are a private company’\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>Not all investigations end up being shared with law enforcement. Some spammers might simply be shut down by the internal team. Jasdeep Singh Bhalla, a software developer on Zadig’s team, showed me an automated search tool he’s been building for months to dig up all accounts one spammer might create using bots, allowing the team to shut them down in one fell swoop.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“In a matter of 30 seconds, you’ve got 70 associated accounts,” Singh Bhalla says, as a massive web of related accounts populates his screen. This is an extreme case: someone had created some 1,200 related accounts. “If you do this manually,” Singh Bhalla says, “it would take you two months to search.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>And here’s an example of how a case that does end up resulting in arrests might develop inside a tech company. \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>A few years back, a bank alerted Yahoo that someone was hacking into accounts and switching associated email addresses to Yahoo emails. But when Zadig’s team looked in, they found something else: subject lines indicating that numerous tax filings were being completed.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The bigger scheme was tax return fraud. Yahoo’s investigators could see dozens of Yahoo accounts created to file tax returns with various tax providers, indicating that numerous refunds were being issued and cashed out. (Two guys were later arrested as part of a \u003ca href=\"http://www.miamiherald.com/news/local/community/miami-dade/article45492507.html\">massive identity-theft sweep\u003c/a> in the Miami area.)\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[contextly_sidebar id=”pZkjLNGp9ojZvuA5a8r9D2od5hcvsXiP”]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>For law enforcement, this kind of information is only available with a search warrant — for each email account. They might have never connected these particular dots, and definitely not this fast.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>And this can be a touchy comparison. \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Here’s a point that Zadig made at least three times in two days: “We are not law enforcement; we work for a private company … We don’t want to be accused of being an agent of law enforcement, of doing things that would normally require a legal process.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>When I asked Zadig and Pageler — who’s now the chief risk and security officer at Neustar — why they’d left public service, both offered similar stories. Those had been dream jobs — Pageler even says he’d felt physically sick to leave the Secret Service. But the hours were extreme, the travel intense, the pay not as good — both men wanted a more family-friendly lifestyle. \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad floatright]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>When Pageler was a special agent, he established the San Francisco electronic crimes task force, meant to spur exactly what he says is happening now: better coordination and cooperation between the tech companies and the government. “It’s really pretty awesome for me to see,” he says. “I feel like we’re on the path that I was working for and I think it’s working very well.” \u003c/p>\n\u003cdiv class=\"fullattribution\">Copyright 2017 NPR. To see more, visit http://www.npr.org/.\u003cimg decoding=\"async\" src=\"https://www.google-analytics.com/__utm.gif?utmac=UA-5828686-4&utmdt=Why+Silicon+Valley+Is+Hiring+Ex-Federal+Agents&utme=8(APIKey)9(MDAxOTAwOTE4MDEyMTkxMDAzNjczZDljZA004)\">\u003c/div>\n\n",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>The chart on the screen looks like something out of a TV crime drama: an elaborate web of emails and phone numbers, some names and photos, all connected by a mesh of thin lines.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The man standing in front of the maze is an investigator. But if you met him at a bar, he’d probably tell you he’s a software engineer. That’s because his work is sensitive — but also, because he works for a tech company in Silicon Valley.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>As more and more of our lives play out online, so do crimes. This has prompted major tech companies to start growing internal crime-fighting cyber teams, often staffing them with former law enforcement agents. \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In this case, the man with the intense chart on his screen works for a security team called “the Paranoids” — a brand started almost 20 years ago by techies at Yahoo, now known as Oath after a merger with Verizon/AOL. \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“This is basically a fraud ring that we identified out of South Africa,” says the investigator. (He spoke anonymously to protect his work.) \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“\u003cem>We”\u003c/em> refers to the “threat investigations unit” at Oath — a team of about 20 people that hunts for fraudsters, identity thieves, child predators and other criminals who might be using Yahoo Mail, messengers, Flickr, Tumblr or other corporate platforms for their illicit acts.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c!-- iframe plugin v.4.3 wordpress.org/plugins/iframe/ -->\u003cbr>\n\u003ciframe loading=\"lazy\" src=\"https://www.npr.org/player/embed/569481122/571735736\" width=\"100%\" height=\"290\" frameborder=\"0\" scrolling=\"no\" title=\"NPR embedded audio player\" class=\"iframe-class\">\u003c/iframe>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>About a third of this team came to Silicon Valley by way of law enforcement — including the man in charge, Sean Zadig. His path to security work began as a federal agent, investigating international cybercrime at the NASA Office of Inspector General, tracking down hackers who tried to hijack NASA computers. \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>This is an interesting trend: Silicon Valley has been slowly staffing up with former agents — from the FBI, the Secret Service, or in this case, NASA. The matter even came up at a recent congressional hearing on Russia’s influence campaign on social media, where a Republican lawmaker \u003ca href=\"https://www.c-span.org/video/?436362-1/facebook-google-twitter-executives-testify-russias-influence-2016-election&start=5532\">asked a Facebook executive\u003c/a> why his company needed staff with security clearances.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In a way, it’s a reflection of modern crime. Criminals send emails, follow each other on Facebook, find victims on dating sites. Tech companies don’t want to be used for criminal schemes, and hiring highly trained federal investigators helps.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But there’s also something else. \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“The government doesn’t always have the birds-eye view anymore,” says Tom Pageler, a former Secret Service agent, who’s now also in the tech industry. \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>He says it used to be that the government had more of our data: Social Security numbers, driver’s licenses, voter registration. Now, it’s private companies that know where we go online, who we’re talking to.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“I think that actually what is happening today is what we were hoping for back then,” Pageler says, referring to his days in the Secret Service in the the early 2000s. There is now “a really good partnership, where well-trained individuals are going into the private industry and know how to investigate the case and package it properly for law enforcement to do what they need to do,” he says.\u003c/p>\n\u003ch2>Charts on the Walls\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>I met the Zadig, the Oath threat investigations chief, at the company’s Sunnyvale headquarters for essentially a super nerdy ride-along, which is how I found myself staring at that intense chart.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“The chart shows who did what to whom, where they are located, how they are connected to each other,” he says. \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>His investigators can’t see the content of emails — that’s law enforcement warrant territory — but they \u003cem>can \u003c/em>connect email accounts by seeing who’s emailing whom, or whether the same phone number gets used to sign up. They can then scour the Web for social networks or other public digital trails connected to those emails and phone numbers — trying to put emails to names, faces and locations. Occasionally, they find the suspects on Facebook posing with wads of cash.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“We will print these charts out 2, 3 feet wide and they’ll be longer than the conference room table,” Zadig says. “And we’ll often sit down with law enforcement prosecutors and walk them through: Here’s how this account connects to this account, here’s how we identified this person.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Sometimes, Zadig says, his team would return later for a follow-up “and we’ll see these charts on the walls, law enforcement or prosecutors have marked on them, they’ve made new connections that we hadn’t made.” He says his team’s work has led to more than 150 arrests in about three years.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Zadig’s team usually comes in after something illegal already happened. This includes the giant \u003ca href=\"https://www.npr.org/sections/thetwo-way/2017/10/03/555016024/every-yahoo-account-that-existed-in-mid-2013-was-likely-hacked\">hacks of Yahoo itself\u003c/a>, which happened in 2013 and 2014 and were disclosed by the company in late 2016. The company has not been able to identify the 2013 hack, but for the 2014 breach, the Justice Department \u003ca href=\"https://www.justice.gov/opa/pr/us-charges-russian-fsb-officers-and-their-criminal-conspirators-hacking-yahoo-and-millions\">has indicted\u003c/a> four people: a Canadian hacker, \u003ca href=\"https://arstechnica.com/tech-policy/2017/11/canadian-man-pleads-guilty-admits-role-in-massive-2014-yahoo-hack/\">who has pleaded guilty\u003c/a>, and three Russians, two of whom are accused as agents of the Russian government.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11638345\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 800px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2017/12/img_3928-2f6858489b28df36f6eb17370ecb827270d4ea61-800x600.jpg\" alt=\"As a former federal agent, Zadig has a collection of these so-called challenge coins, which are exchanged by law enforcement agents during visits.\" width=\"800\" height=\"600\" class=\"size-medium wp-image-11638345\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">As a former federal agent, Zadig has a collection of these so-called challenge coins, which are exchanged by law enforcement agents during visits. \u003ccite>(Alina Selyukh/NPR)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003ch2>‘We are a private company’\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>Not all investigations end up being shared with law enforcement. Some spammers might simply be shut down by the internal team. Jasdeep Singh Bhalla, a software developer on Zadig’s team, showed me an automated search tool he’s been building for months to dig up all accounts one spammer might create using bots, allowing the team to shut them down in one fell swoop.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“In a matter of 30 seconds, you’ve got 70 associated accounts,” Singh Bhalla says, as a massive web of related accounts populates his screen. This is an extreme case: someone had created some 1,200 related accounts. “If you do this manually,” Singh Bhalla says, “it would take you two months to search.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>And here’s an example of how a case that does end up resulting in arrests might develop inside a tech company. \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>A few years back, a bank alerted Yahoo that someone was hacking into accounts and switching associated email addresses to Yahoo emails. But when Zadig’s team looked in, they found something else: subject lines indicating that numerous tax filings were being completed.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The bigger scheme was tax return fraud. Yahoo’s investigators could see dozens of Yahoo accounts created to file tax returns with various tax providers, indicating that numerous refunds were being issued and cashed out. (Two guys were later arrested as part of a \u003ca href=\"http://www.miamiherald.com/news/local/community/miami-dade/article45492507.html\">massive identity-theft sweep\u003c/a> in the Miami area.)\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>For law enforcement, this kind of information is only available with a search warrant — for each email account. They might have never connected these particular dots, and definitely not this fast.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>And this can be a touchy comparison. \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Here’s a point that Zadig made at least three times in two days: “We are not law enforcement; we work for a private company … We don’t want to be accused of being an agent of law enforcement, of doing things that would normally require a legal process.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>When I asked Zadig and Pageler — who’s now the chief risk and security officer at Neustar — why they’d left public service, both offered similar stories. Those had been dream jobs — Pageler even says he’d felt physically sick to leave the Secret Service. But the hours were extreme, the travel intense, the pay not as good — both men wanted a more family-friendly lifestyle. \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"meta": {
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"source": "BBC World Service"
},
"link": "/radio/program/bbc-world-service",
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"rss": "https://podcasts.files.bbci.co.uk/p02nq0gn.rss"
}
},
"californiareport": {
"id": "californiareport",
"title": "The California Report",
"tagline": "California, day by day",
"info": "KQED’s statewide radio news program providing daily coverage of issues, trends and public policy decisions.",
"imageSrc": "https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/04/The-California-Report-Podcast-Tile-703x703-1.jpg",
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"officialWebsiteLink": "/californiareport",
"meta": {
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"source": "kqed",
"order": 8
},
"link": "/californiareport",
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"amazon": "https://music.amazon.com/podcasts/26099305-72af-4542-9dde-ac1807fe36d5/kqed-s-the-california-report",
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}
},
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"id": "californiareportmagazine",
"title": "The California Report Magazine",
"tagline": "Your state, your stories",
"info": "Every week, The California Report Magazine takes you on a road trip for the ears: to visit the places and meet the people who make California unique. The in-depth storytelling podcast from the California Report.",
"airtime": "FRI 4:30pm-5pm, 6:30pm-7pm, 11pm-11:30pm",
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"officialWebsiteLink": "/californiareportmagazine",
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"order": 10
},
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"google": "https://podcasts.google.com/feed/aHR0cHM6Ly9mZWVkcy5tZWdhcGhvbmUuZm0vS1FJTkM3NjkwNjk1OTAz",
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},
"city-arts": {
"id": "city-arts",
"title": "City Arts & Lectures",
"info": "A one-hour radio program to hear celebrated writers, artists and thinkers address contemporary ideas and values, often discussing the creative process. Please note: tapes or transcripts are not available",
"imageSrc": "https://ww2.kqed.org/radio/wp-content/uploads/sites/50/2018/05/cityartsandlecture-300x300.jpg",
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"airtime": "SUN 1pm-2pm, TUE 10pm, WED 1am",
"meta": {
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"source": "City Arts & Lectures"
},
"link": "https://www.cityarts.net",
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"rss": "https://www.cityarts.net/feed/"
}
},
"closealltabs": {
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"officialWebsiteLink": "/podcasts/closealltabs",
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"order": 1
},
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"id": "code-switch-life-kit",
"title": "Code Switch / Life Kit",
"info": "\u003cem>Code Switch\u003c/em>, which listeners will hear in the first part of the hour, has fearless and much-needed conversations about race. Hosted by journalists of color, the show tackles the subject of race head-on, exploring how it impacts every part of society — from politics and pop culture to history, sports and more.\u003cbr />\u003cbr />\u003cem>Life Kit\u003c/em>, which will be in the second part of the hour, guides you through spaces and feelings no one prepares you for — from finances to mental health, from workplace microaggressions to imposter syndrome, from relationships to parenting. The show features experts with real world experience and shares their knowledge. Because everyone needs a little help being human.\u003cbr />\u003cbr />\u003ca href=\"https://www.npr.org/podcasts/510312/codeswitch\">\u003cem>Code Switch\u003c/em> offical site and podcast\u003c/a>\u003cbr />\u003ca href=\"https://www.npr.org/lifekit\">\u003cem>Life Kit\u003c/em> offical site and podcast\u003c/a>\u003cbr />",
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"meta": {
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"id": "commonwealth-club",
"title": "Commonwealth Club of California Podcast",
"info": "The Commonwealth Club of California is the nation's oldest and largest public affairs forum. As a non-partisan forum, The Club brings to the public airwaves diverse viewpoints on important topics. The Club's weekly radio broadcast - the oldest in the U.S., dating back to 1924 - is carried across the nation on public radio stations and is now podcasting. Our website archive features audio of our recent programs, as well as selected speeches from our long and distinguished history. This podcast feed is usually updated twice a week and is always un-edited.",
"airtime": "THU 10pm, FRI 1am",
"imageSrc": "https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/04/Commonwealth-Club-Podcast-Tile-360x360-1.jpg",
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"meta": {
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"source": "Commonwealth Club of California"
},
"link": "/radio/program/commonwealth-club",
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"google": "https://podcasts.google.com/feed/aHR0cDovL3d3dy5jb21tb253ZWFsdGhjbHViLm9yZy9hdWRpby9wb2RjYXN0L3dlZWtseS54bWw",
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"id": "forum",
"title": "Forum",
"tagline": "The conversation starts here",
"info": "KQED’s live call-in program discussing local, state, national and international issues, as well as in-depth interviews.",
"airtime": "MON-FRI 9am-11am, 10pm-11pm",
"imageSrc": "https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/04/Forum-Podcast-Tile-703x703-1.jpg",
"imageAlt": "KQED Forum with Mina Kim and Alexis Madrigal",
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"source": "kqed",
"order": 9
},
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"google": "https://podcasts.google.com/feed/aHR0cHM6Ly9mZWVkcy5tZWdhcGhvbmUuZm0vS1FJTkM5NTU3MzgxNjMz",
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"freakonomics-radio": {
"id": "freakonomics-radio",
"title": "Freakonomics Radio",
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"imageSrc": "https://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2018/05/freakonomicsRadio.png",
"officialWebsiteLink": "http://freakonomics.com/",
"airtime": "SUN 1am-2am, SAT 3pm-4pm",
"meta": {
"site": "radio",
"source": "WNYC"
},
"link": "/radio/program/freakonomics-radio",
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"apple": "https://itunes.apple.com/us/podcast/freakonomics-radio/id354668519",
"tuneIn": "https://tunein.com/podcasts/WNYC-Podcasts/Freakonomics-Radio-p272293/",
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},
"fresh-air": {
"id": "fresh-air",
"title": "Fresh Air",
"info": "Hosted by Terry Gross, \u003cem>Fresh Air from WHYY\u003c/em> is the Peabody Award-winning weekday magazine of contemporary arts and issues. One of public radio's most popular programs, Fresh Air features intimate conversations with today's biggest luminaries.",
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"apple": "https://itunes.apple.com/WebObjects/MZStore.woa/wa/viewPodcast?s=143441&mt=2&id=214089682&at=11l79Y&ct=nprdirectory",
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"here-and-now": {
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"info": "A live production of NPR and WBUR Boston, in collaboration with stations across the country, Here & Now reflects the fluid world of news as it's happening in the middle of the day, with timely, in-depth news, interviews and conversation. Hosted by Robin Young, Jeremy Hobson and Tonya Mosley.",
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},
"hidden-brain": {
"id": "hidden-brain",
"title": "Hidden Brain",
"info": "Shankar Vedantam uses science and storytelling to reveal the unconscious patterns that drive human behavior, shape our choices and direct our relationships.",
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"airtime": "SUN 7pm-8pm",
"meta": {
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"source": "NPR"
},
"link": "/radio/program/hidden-brain",
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},
"how-i-built-this": {
"id": "how-i-built-this",
"title": "How I Built This with Guy Raz",
"info": "Guy Raz dives into the stories behind some of the world's best known companies. How I Built This weaves a narrative journey about innovators, entrepreneurs and idealists—and the movements they built.",
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"officialWebsiteLink": "https://www.npr.org/podcasts/510313/how-i-built-this",
"airtime": "SUN 7:30pm-8pm",
"meta": {
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"source": "npr"
},
"link": "/radio/program/how-i-built-this",
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"apple": "https://itunes.apple.com/us/podcast/how-i-built-this-with-guy-raz/id1150510297?mt=2",
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},
"hyphenacion": {
"id": "hyphenacion",
"title": "Hyphenación",
"tagline": "Where conversation and cultura meet",
"info": "What kind of no sabo word is Hyphenación? For us, it’s about living within a hyphenation. Like being a third-gen Mexican-American from the Texas border now living that Bay Area Chicano life. Like Xorje! Each week we bring together a couple of hyphenated Latinos to talk all about personal life choices: family, careers, relationships, belonging … everything is on the table. ",
"imageSrc": "https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2025/03/Hyphenacion_FinalAssets_PodcastTile.png",
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"officialWebsiteLink": "/podcasts/hyphenacion",
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"order": 15
},
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},
"jerrybrown": {
"id": "jerrybrown",
"title": "The Political Mind of Jerry Brown",
"tagline": "Lessons from a lifetime in politics",
"info": "The Political Mind of Jerry Brown brings listeners the wisdom of the former Governor, Mayor, and presidential candidate. Scott Shafer interviewed Brown for more than 40 hours, covering the former governor's life and half-century in the political game – and Brown has some lessons he'd like to share. ",
"imageSrc": "https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/04/The-Political-Mind-of-Jerry-Brown-Podcast-Tile-703x703-1.jpg",
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"officialWebsiteLink": "/podcasts/jerrybrown",
"meta": {
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"order": 18
},
"link": "/podcasts/jerrybrown",
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}
},
"latino-usa": {
"id": "latino-usa",
"title": "Latino USA",
"airtime": "MON 1am-2am, SUN 6pm-7pm",
"info": "Latino USA, the radio journal of news and culture, is the only national, English-language radio program produced from a Latino perspective.",
"imageSrc": "https://ww2.kqed.org/radio/wp-content/uploads/sites/50/2018/04/latinoUsa.jpg",
"officialWebsiteLink": "http://latinousa.org/",
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"source": "npr"
},
"link": "/radio/program/latino-usa",
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"apple": "https://itunes.apple.com/WebObjects/MZStore.woa/wa/viewPodcast?s=143441&mt=2&id=79681317&at=11l79Y&ct=nprdirectory",
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"rss": "https://feeds.npr.org/510016/podcast.xml"
}
},
"marketplace": {
"id": "marketplace",
"title": "Marketplace",
"info": "Our flagship program, helmed by Kai Ryssdal, examines what the day in money delivered, through stories, conversations, newsworthy numbers and more. Updated Monday through Friday at about 3:30 p.m. PT.",
"airtime": "MON-FRI 4pm-4:30pm, MON-WED 6:30pm-7pm",
"imageSrc": "https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/04/Marketplace-Podcast-Tile-360x360-1.jpg",
"officialWebsiteLink": "https://www.marketplace.org/",
"meta": {
"site": "news",
"source": "American Public Media"
},
"link": "/radio/program/marketplace",
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"rss": "https://feeds.publicradio.org/public_feeds/marketplace-pm/rss/rss"
}
},
"masters-of-scale": {
"id": "masters-of-scale",
"title": "Masters of Scale",
"info": "Masters of Scale is an original podcast in which LinkedIn co-founder and Greylock Partner Reid Hoffman sets out to describe and prove theories that explain how great entrepreneurs take their companies from zero to a gazillion in ingenious fashion.",
"airtime": "Every other Wednesday June 12 through October 16 at 8pm (repeats Thursdays at 2am)",
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"officialWebsiteLink": "https://mastersofscale.com/",
"meta": {
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"source": "WaitWhat"
},
"link": "/radio/program/masters-of-scale",
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"rss": "https://rss.art19.com/masters-of-scale"
}
},
"mindshift": {
"id": "mindshift",
"title": "MindShift",
"tagline": "A podcast about the future of learning and how we raise our kids",
"info": "The MindShift podcast explores the innovations in education that are shaping how kids learn. Hosts Ki Sung and Katrina Schwartz introduce listeners to educators, researchers, parents and students who are developing effective ways to improve how kids learn. We cover topics like how fed-up administrators are developing surprising tactics to deal with classroom disruptions; how listening to podcasts are helping kids develop reading skills; the consequences of overparenting; and why interdisciplinary learning can engage students on all ends of the traditional achievement spectrum. This podcast is part of the MindShift education site, a division of KQED News. KQED is an NPR/PBS member station based in San Francisco. You can also visit the MindShift website for episodes and supplemental blog posts or tweet us \u003ca href=\"https://twitter.com/MindShiftKQED\">@MindShiftKQED\u003c/a> or visit us at \u003ca href=\"/mindshift\">MindShift.KQED.org\u003c/a>",
"imageSrc": "https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/04/Mindshift-Podcast-Tile-703x703-1.jpg",
"imageAlt": "KQED MindShift: How We Will Learn",
"officialWebsiteLink": "/mindshift/",
"meta": {
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"source": "kqed",
"order": 12
},
"link": "/podcasts/mindshift",
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"google": "https://podcasts.google.com/feed/aHR0cHM6Ly9mZWVkcy5tZWdhcGhvbmUuZm0vS1FJTkM1NzY0NjAwNDI5",
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}
},
"morning-edition": {
"id": "morning-edition",
"title": "Morning Edition",
"info": "\u003cem>Morning Edition\u003c/em> takes listeners around the country and the world with multi-faceted stories and commentaries every weekday. Hosts Steve Inskeep, David Greene and Rachel Martin bring you the latest breaking news and features to prepare you for the day.",
"airtime": "MON-FRI 3am-9am",
"imageSrc": "https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/04/Morning-Edition-Podcast-Tile-360x360-1.jpg",
"officialWebsiteLink": "https://www.npr.org/programs/morning-edition/",
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"link": "/radio/program/morning-edition"
},
"onourwatch": {
"id": "onourwatch",
"title": "On Our Watch",
"tagline": "Deeply-reported investigative journalism",
"info": "For decades, the process for how police police themselves has been inconsistent – if not opaque. In some states, like California, these proceedings were completely hidden. After a new police transparency law unsealed scores of internal affairs files, our reporters set out to examine these cases and the shadow world of police discipline. On Our Watch brings listeners into the rooms where officers are questioned and witnesses are interrogated to find out who this system is really protecting. Is it the officers, or the public they've sworn to serve?",
"imageSrc": "https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/04/On-Our-Watch-Podcast-Tile-703x703-1.jpg",
"imageAlt": "On Our Watch from NPR and KQED",
"officialWebsiteLink": "/podcasts/onourwatch",
"meta": {
"site": "news",
"source": "kqed",
"order": 11
},
"link": "/podcasts/onourwatch",
"subscribe": {
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"google": "https://podcasts.google.com/feed/aHR0cHM6Ly9mZWVkcy5ucHIub3JnLzUxMDM2MC9wb2RjYXN0LnhtbD9zYz1nb29nbGVwb2RjYXN0cw",
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"rss": "https://feeds.npr.org/510360/podcast.xml"
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