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"content": "\u003cp>When it comes to California’s prison population, Gov. Jerry Brown is in a tough spot. On the one hand, \u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/news/2013/04/12/court-ruling-on-prisons-a-setback-for-gov-brown/\">federal judges are threatening him with contempt if he doesn’t reduce the state’s prison population \u003c/a>by about 9,000 before the end of the year. On the other hand, groups such as Crime Victims United of California contend Brown’s realignment plan, which lowered inmate totals by about 25,000, has led to an uptick in violent crime.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_69484\" class=\"wp-caption alignright\" style=\"max-width: 300px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-full wp-image-69484\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2012/07/jerry-brown.jpg\" alt=\"California Governor Jerry Brown\" width=\"300\" height=\"300\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">California Governor Jerry Brown\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>The Democrat spoke to the group during a Tuesday afternoon rally. Appearing after numerous speakers had railed against realignment, Brown told the crowd that he’ll keep pushing to end federal oversight of California’s prison system, despite two recent court rulings stating the prison population is still so high that it violated the United States Constitution.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“I’m working every day to figure out how to take this case – which we’re losing now – to get in front of the U.S. Supreme Court,” Brown said, “So we don’t have to let out those 10,000 people. And I pledge to you I’ll do everything under the law to achieve that result.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"http://www.nytimes.com/2011/05/24/us/24scotus.html?pagewanted=all&_r=0\">The Supreme Court upheld rulings\u003c/a> ordering California to reduce its prison population in 2011, but Brown challenged the ongoing federal oversight again in January. At the time, he \u003ca href=\"http://www.sfgate.com/news/article/Jerry-Brown-says-prison-emergency-over-4177497.php\">said the state had done enough to reduce its prison population\u003c/a> to a current level of around 119,000 inmates. “The prison emergency is over in California,” he said, adding the state “can’t pour more and more dollars down the rat hole of incarceration.”\u003cbr>\n\u003c!--more-->\u003cbr>\n\u003ca href=\"http://www.cdcr.ca.gov/News/docs/3JP-April-2013/Three-Judge-Panel-4-11-13-Order.pdf\">In its recent ruling\u003c/a>, a three-judge panel said Brown’s refusal to comply with federal orders qualified as “contumacious conduct.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“I’m not contemptuous and I’m not contumacious,” Brown replied on Tuesday. “In fact, I had to look in the dictionary to figure out what the hell that word meant. I’ve been called a lot of things in my life. Moonbeam. This and that, all sorts of things in the last 40 years. I had never been called contumacious until that three-judge panel issued their opinion.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>For the record, \u003ca href=\"http://www.merriam-webster.com/dictionary/contumacious\">Merriam-Webster gives the definition as “stubbornly disobedient.”\u003c/a>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>While Brown is vowing to appeal the recent court rulings, he’ll also work to craft legislation aimed at further lowering California’s prison population. In the past, judges have suggested California could lower its inmate levels through a combination of early release, sentencing reform and an “expansion of evidence-based rehabilitative programming,” in addition to diverting parole violators and low-risk offenders to county jails.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But Brown warned new bills would come with a cost. “We’re not going to manufacture money,” he told reporters after the speech. “So anything they want to spend on prisons, they better find another place to cut it from.”\u003c/p>\n\n",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>When it comes to California’s prison population, Gov. Jerry Brown is in a tough spot. On the one hand, \u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/news/2013/04/12/court-ruling-on-prisons-a-setback-for-gov-brown/\">federal judges are threatening him with contempt if he doesn’t reduce the state’s prison population \u003c/a>by about 9,000 before the end of the year. On the other hand, groups such as Crime Victims United of California contend Brown’s realignment plan, which lowered inmate totals by about 25,000, has led to an uptick in violent crime.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_69484\" class=\"wp-caption alignright\" style=\"max-width: 300px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-full wp-image-69484\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2012/07/jerry-brown.jpg\" alt=\"California Governor Jerry Brown\" width=\"300\" height=\"300\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">California Governor Jerry Brown\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>The Democrat spoke to the group during a Tuesday afternoon rally. Appearing after numerous speakers had railed against realignment, Brown told the crowd that he’ll keep pushing to end federal oversight of California’s prison system, despite two recent court rulings stating the prison population is still so high that it violated the United States Constitution.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“I’m working every day to figure out how to take this case – which we’re losing now – to get in front of the U.S. Supreme Court,” Brown said, “So we don’t have to let out those 10,000 people. And I pledge to you I’ll do everything under the law to achieve that result.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"http://www.nytimes.com/2011/05/24/us/24scotus.html?pagewanted=all&_r=0\">The Supreme Court upheld rulings\u003c/a> ordering California to reduce its prison population in 2011, but Brown challenged the ongoing federal oversight again in January. At the time, he \u003ca href=\"http://www.sfgate.com/news/article/Jerry-Brown-says-prison-emergency-over-4177497.php\">said the state had done enough to reduce its prison population\u003c/a> to a current level of around 119,000 inmates. “The prison emergency is over in California,” he said, adding the state “can’t pour more and more dollars down the rat hole of incarceration.”\u003cbr>\n\u003c!--more-->\u003cbr>\n\u003ca href=\"http://www.cdcr.ca.gov/News/docs/3JP-April-2013/Three-Judge-Panel-4-11-13-Order.pdf\">In its recent ruling\u003c/a>, a three-judge panel said Brown’s refusal to comply with federal orders qualified as “contumacious conduct.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“I’m not contemptuous and I’m not contumacious,” Brown replied on Tuesday. “In fact, I had to look in the dictionary to figure out what the hell that word meant. I’ve been called a lot of things in my life. Moonbeam. This and that, all sorts of things in the last 40 years. I had never been called contumacious until that three-judge panel issued their opinion.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>For the record, \u003ca href=\"http://www.merriam-webster.com/dictionary/contumacious\">Merriam-Webster gives the definition as “stubbornly disobedient.”\u003c/a>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>While Brown is vowing to appeal the recent court rulings, he’ll also work to craft legislation aimed at further lowering California’s prison population. In the past, judges have suggested California could lower its inmate levels through a combination of early release, sentencing reform and an “expansion of evidence-based rehabilitative programming,” in addition to diverting parole violators and low-risk offenders to county jails.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But Brown warned new bills would come with a cost. “We’re not going to manufacture money,” he told reporters after the speech. “So anything they want to spend on prisons, they better find another place to cut it from.”\u003c/p>\n\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>",
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"content": "\u003cp>If you’re going to Tiburon to commit a crime, you might want to take the ferry.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Walk. Bike. But whatever you do, don’t drive. Cameras mounted on the town’s exit and entry points will record your license plate. They’ll send the plate number to a police database, cross-reference it with cars linked to crimes, calculate your movements and … bam! A cruiser is on your tail in no time.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“It’s working magnificently,” said Capt. David Hutton of the Tiburon Police Department.\u003cbr>\n\u003cstrong>\u003cbr>\nA Long Beach, Calif., police officer demonstrates a license-plate-reading system mounted in a patrol car:\u003c/strong>\u003cbr>\nhttp://www.youtube.com/watch?v=BD0l3BdGzTU\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The success of the system is not only of interest to Tiburon and its potential criminals. Across the bridge and down the highway, Piedmont, too, is\u003ca href=\"http://www.ci.piedmont.ca.us/html/govern/minutes/2013/2013-03-18.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"> looking into\u003c/a> installing cameras.\u003c!--more-->\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>That would be no small matter. While there are only two roads in and out of Tiburon, Piedmont has 24. The city got a quote of about $1 million to purchase license readers at all those locations, and that doesn’t include the cost of installation.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In its March 18 meeting, the Piedmont City Council considered a proposal that the license-plate readers be installed at only the most well traveled of the entrances and exits to the city. It ended by asking that the Public Safety Committee collect more information, and it put the matter on the council \u003ca href=\"http://www.ci.piedmont.ca.us/citycouncil/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">agenda\u003c/a> for May 6.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Tiburon Police Chief Michael Cronin said the license plate-readers have brought benefits to his town. “Our crime crate has gone down since we started talking about it,” he said. “Whether we can attribute all that to the cameras, I can’t say, but I think a lot of it was due to that. The biggest impact has been as a deterrent.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Those discussions started in 2008. More serious crimes (the ones that fall into Part I, the most serious category of FBI statistics) have dropped by 30 percent since then, he said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Not that Tiburon sees a lot of violence. “We were getting people breaking into cars and stealing iPads and cell phones, and getting into garages,” Cronin said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>After Tiburon installed the cameras, theft from vehicles dropped from 50 in 2007 to 14 in 2012. The number of stolen cars went from 11 to two in that time.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The most famous crime documented by the cameras was the theft of a bright yellow Lamborghini, \u003ca href=\"http://www.sfgate.com/crime/article/Teen-s-tale-of-car-theft-may-be-tip-of-iceberg-3536490.php\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">reportedly\u003c/a> worth $200,000, from celebrity chef Guy Fieri on March 8, 2011.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The plate readers recorded the car entering Tiburon and then leaving it, though it was months before police arrested a suspect in the case—17-year-old \u003ca href=\"http://www.modernluxury.com/san-francisco/story/mad-max\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Max Wade\u003c/a>, who grew up in town.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The plate-reading system cost $113,141 to purchase and $9,889 to operate, Cronin said, and he considers it well worth the money.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But Cronin acknowledged that Piedmont is in a different situation. “Piedmont is dealing with more serious crimes, such as home invasions,” he said. That’s where someone breaks into your house even though you are at home, peacefully watching “Mad Men” or taking a shower.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>License-plate readers are not uncommon. Mostly they are installed in patrol cars. Putting them on poles along the street is a fairly recent innovation, though Cronin said Tiburon was not the first to hit on the idea.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The proposal has attracted some opposition, particularly from civil liberty and privacy advocates who fear what could be done with all the data the cameras gather.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Linda Lye, a staff attorney for the American Civil Liberties Union, is particularly concerned that the Piedmont proposal includes keeping the data for 12 months.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“How, where and with whom I spend my time is my business,” she told KQED’s Stephanie Martin. “Comprehensive location tracking, which is made possible by advances in technology such as these license-plate readers, reveal all kinds of intimate details about a person’s life. Visits to the Alcoholics Anonymous meeting, the gay bar, the union hall, the abortion clinic and so on.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>With all the surveillance equipment available to law enforcement agents, they can already assemble a pretty detailed picture of your movements, Lye said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Tiburon decided to hang onto its data for only 30 days, precisely because of these concerns, Cronin said. He doesn’t think the information is very useful after that time. “I wanted to investigate crimes reported to the police,” he said. “Not a lot of crimes are reported after 30 days.”\u003c/p>\n\n",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>If you’re going to Tiburon to commit a crime, you might want to take the ferry.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Walk. Bike. But whatever you do, don’t drive. Cameras mounted on the town’s exit and entry points will record your license plate. They’ll send the plate number to a police database, cross-reference it with cars linked to crimes, calculate your movements and … bam! A cruiser is on your tail in no time.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“It’s working magnificently,” said Capt. David Hutton of the Tiburon Police Department.\u003cbr>\n\u003cstrong>\u003cbr>\nA Long Beach, Calif., police officer demonstrates a license-plate-reading system mounted in a patrol car:\u003c/strong>\u003cbr>\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003cspan class='utils-parseShortcode-shortcodes-__youtubeShortcode__embedYoutube'>\n \u003cspan class='utils-parseShortcode-shortcodes-__youtubeShortcode__embedYoutubeInside'>\n \u003ciframe\n loading='lazy'\n class='utils-parseShortcode-shortcodes-__youtubeShortcode__youtubePlayer'\n type='text/html'\n src='//www.youtube.com/embed/BD0l3BdGzTU'\n title='//www.youtube.com/embed/BD0l3BdGzTU'\n allowfullscreen='true'\n style='border:0;'>\u003c/iframe>\n \u003c/span>\n \u003c/span>\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003cp>The success of the system is not only of interest to Tiburon and its potential criminals. Across the bridge and down the highway, Piedmont, too, is\u003ca href=\"http://www.ci.piedmont.ca.us/html/govern/minutes/2013/2013-03-18.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"> looking into\u003c/a> installing cameras.\u003c!--more-->\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>That would be no small matter. While there are only two roads in and out of Tiburon, Piedmont has 24. The city got a quote of about $1 million to purchase license readers at all those locations, and that doesn’t include the cost of installation.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In its March 18 meeting, the Piedmont City Council considered a proposal that the license-plate readers be installed at only the most well traveled of the entrances and exits to the city. It ended by asking that the Public Safety Committee collect more information, and it put the matter on the council \u003ca href=\"http://www.ci.piedmont.ca.us/citycouncil/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">agenda\u003c/a> for May 6.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Tiburon Police Chief Michael Cronin said the license plate-readers have brought benefits to his town. “Our crime crate has gone down since we started talking about it,” he said. “Whether we can attribute all that to the cameras, I can’t say, but I think a lot of it was due to that. The biggest impact has been as a deterrent.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Those discussions started in 2008. More serious crimes (the ones that fall into Part I, the most serious category of FBI statistics) have dropped by 30 percent since then, he said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Not that Tiburon sees a lot of violence. “We were getting people breaking into cars and stealing iPads and cell phones, and getting into garages,” Cronin said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>After Tiburon installed the cameras, theft from vehicles dropped from 50 in 2007 to 14 in 2012. The number of stolen cars went from 11 to two in that time.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The most famous crime documented by the cameras was the theft of a bright yellow Lamborghini, \u003ca href=\"http://www.sfgate.com/crime/article/Teen-s-tale-of-car-theft-may-be-tip-of-iceberg-3536490.php\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">reportedly\u003c/a> worth $200,000, from celebrity chef Guy Fieri on March 8, 2011.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The plate readers recorded the car entering Tiburon and then leaving it, though it was months before police arrested a suspect in the case—17-year-old \u003ca href=\"http://www.modernluxury.com/san-francisco/story/mad-max\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Max Wade\u003c/a>, who grew up in town.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The plate-reading system cost $113,141 to purchase and $9,889 to operate, Cronin said, and he considers it well worth the money.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But Cronin acknowledged that Piedmont is in a different situation. “Piedmont is dealing with more serious crimes, such as home invasions,” he said. That’s where someone breaks into your house even though you are at home, peacefully watching “Mad Men” or taking a shower.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>License-plate readers are not uncommon. Mostly they are installed in patrol cars. Putting them on poles along the street is a fairly recent innovation, though Cronin said Tiburon was not the first to hit on the idea.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The proposal has attracted some opposition, particularly from civil liberty and privacy advocates who fear what could be done with all the data the cameras gather.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Linda Lye, a staff attorney for the American Civil Liberties Union, is particularly concerned that the Piedmont proposal includes keeping the data for 12 months.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“How, where and with whom I spend my time is my business,” she told KQED’s Stephanie Martin. “Comprehensive location tracking, which is made possible by advances in technology such as these license-plate readers, reveal all kinds of intimate details about a person’s life. Visits to the Alcoholics Anonymous meeting, the gay bar, the union hall, the abortion clinic and so on.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>With all the surveillance equipment available to law enforcement agents, they can already assemble a pretty detailed picture of your movements, Lye said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Tiburon decided to hang onto its data for only 30 days, precisely because of these concerns, Cronin said. He doesn’t think the information is very useful after that time. “I wanted to investigate crimes reported to the police,” he said. “Not a lot of crimes are reported after 30 days.”\u003c/p>\n\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>",
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"content": "\u003cp>\u003cem>By Eileen Sullivan, Katie Zezima and Meghan Barr, Associated Press\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>A 19-year-old college student wanted in the Boston Marathon bombings was taken into custody Friday evening after a manhunt that left the city virtually paralyzed and his older brother and accomplice dead.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Police announced via Twitter that Dzhokhar Tsarnaev was in custody. They later wrote:\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>https://twitter.com/Boston_Police/status/325413032110989313\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Tsarnaev's brother, 26-year-old Tamerlan, was killed Friday in a furious attempt to escape police.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Dzhokhar Tsarnaev had been hiding in a boat in a Watertown neighborhood. The crowd gathered near the scene let out a cheer when spectators saw officers clapping.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"Everyone wants him alive,\" said Kathleen Paolillo, a 27-year-old teacher who lives in Watertown.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Boston Mayor Tom Menino tweeted \"We got him,\" along with a photo of the police commissioner speaking to him. Watertown residents poured out of their homes and lined the streets to cheer police vehicles as they rolled away from the scene.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>During a long night of violence Thursday into Friday, the brothers killed an MIT police officer, severely wounded another lawman and hurled explosives at police in a car chase and gun battle, authorities said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_94868\" class=\"wp-caption alignright\" style=\"max-width: 300px\">\u003cimg class=\"size-medium wp-image-94868\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2013/04/167087670-300x200.jpg\" alt=\"Members of a police S.W.A.T. team run to the scene where it was believed 19-year-old bombing suspect Dzhokhar A. Tsarnaev is in hiding on April 19, 2013 in Watertown, Massachusetts. (Spencer Platt/Getty Images)\" width=\"300\" height=\"200\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Members of a police S.W.A.T. team run to the scene where it was believed 19-year-old bombing suspect Dzhokhar A. Tsarnaev is in hiding on April 19, 2013 in Watertown, Massachusetts. (Spencer Platt/Getty Images)\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>The suspects were identified by law enforcement officials and family members as Dzhokhar and Tamerlan Tsarnaev, ethnic Chechen brothers who had lived in Dagestan, which neighbors Chechnya in southern Russia. They had been in the U.S. for about a decade, an uncle said, and were believed to be living in Cambridge, Mass.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Tamerlan Tsarnaev, a 26-year-old who had been known to the FBI as Suspect No. 1 and was seen in surveillance footage of the marathon in a black baseball cap, was killed overnight, officials said. His younger brother, who had been dubbed Suspect No. 2 and was seen wearing a white, backward baseball cap in the images from Monday's deadly bombing — escaped and was on the run. \u003c!--more-->\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Their uncle in Maryland, Ruslan Tsarni, pleaded on live television: \"Dzhokhar, if you are alive, turn yourself in and ask for forgiveness.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Authorities in Boston suspended all mass transit and warned close to 1 million people in the entire city and some of its suburbs to stay indoors as the hunt for Suspect No. 2 went on. Businesses were asked not to open. People waiting at bus and subway stops were told to go home. The Red Sox and Bruins postponed their games.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>From Watertown to Cambridge, police SWAT teams, sharpshooters and FBI agents surrounded various buildings as police helicopters buzzed overhead and armored vehicles rumbled through the streets. Authorities also searched trains.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"We believe this man to be a terrorist,\" said Boston Police Commissioner Ed Davis. \"We believe this to be a man who's come here to kill people.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The bombings on Monday killed three people and wounded more than 180 others, tearing off limbs in a spray of shrapnel and instantly raising the specter of another terrorist attack on U.S. soil.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_94749\" class=\"wp-caption alignleft\" style=\"max-width: 290px\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/news/2013/04/19/one-boston-marathon-suspect-dead-manhunt-on-for-the-other/dzhokar-tsamaev/\" rel=\"attachment wp-att-94749\">\u003cimg class=\"size-medium wp-image-94749\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2013/04/Dzhokar-Tsamaev-290x300.jpg\" alt=\"Dzhokar Tsamaev, 19, a suspect in the Boston Marathon bombings, is the subject of a massive manhunt. (Courtesy FBI)\" width=\"290\" height=\"300\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Dzhokhar Tsarnaev, 19, a suspect in the Boston Marathon bombings, is the subject of a massive manhunt. (Courtesy FBI)\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Chechnya was the scene of two wars between Russian forces and separatists since 1994, in which tens of thousands were killed in heavy Russian bombing. That spawned an Islamic insurgency that has carried out deadly bombings in Russia and the region, although not in the West.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Investigators in the Boston case have shed no light on the motive for the bombing and have said it is unclear whether it was the work of domestic or international terrorists or someone else entirely with an unknown agenda.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The endgame — at least for Suspect No. 1 — came just hours after the FBI released photos and video of the two young men at the marathon's finish line and appealed to the public for help in identifying and capturing them.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>State Police spokesman Dave Procopio said police realized they were dealing with the bombing suspects based on what the two men told a carjacking victim during their getaway attempt overnight.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>Sullivan and Associated Press writers Stephen Braun and Jack Gillum reported from Washington. Associated Press writers Mike Hill, Katie Zezima, Pat Eaton-Robb and Steve LeBlanc in Boston and Jeff Donn in Cambridge, Mass., contributed to this report.\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\n",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Dzhokhar Tsarnaev had been hiding in a boat in a Watertown neighborhood. The crowd gathered near the scene let out a cheer when spectators saw officers clapping.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"Everyone wants him alive,\" said Kathleen Paolillo, a 27-year-old teacher who lives in Watertown.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Boston Mayor Tom Menino tweeted \"We got him,\" along with a photo of the police commissioner speaking to him. Watertown residents poured out of their homes and lined the streets to cheer police vehicles as they rolled away from the scene.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>During a long night of violence Thursday into Friday, the brothers killed an MIT police officer, severely wounded another lawman and hurled explosives at police in a car chase and gun battle, authorities said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_94868\" class=\"wp-caption alignright\" style=\"max-width: 300px\">\u003cimg class=\"size-medium wp-image-94868\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2013/04/167087670-300x200.jpg\" alt=\"Members of a police S.W.A.T. team run to the scene where it was believed 19-year-old bombing suspect Dzhokhar A. Tsarnaev is in hiding on April 19, 2013 in Watertown, Massachusetts. (Spencer Platt/Getty Images)\" width=\"300\" height=\"200\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Members of a police S.W.A.T. team run to the scene where it was believed 19-year-old bombing suspect Dzhokhar A. Tsarnaev is in hiding on April 19, 2013 in Watertown, Massachusetts. (Spencer Platt/Getty Images)\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>The suspects were identified by law enforcement officials and family members as Dzhokhar and Tamerlan Tsarnaev, ethnic Chechen brothers who had lived in Dagestan, which neighbors Chechnya in southern Russia. They had been in the U.S. for about a decade, an uncle said, and were believed to be living in Cambridge, Mass.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Tamerlan Tsarnaev, a 26-year-old who had been known to the FBI as Suspect No. 1 and was seen in surveillance footage of the marathon in a black baseball cap, was killed overnight, officials said. His younger brother, who had been dubbed Suspect No. 2 and was seen wearing a white, backward baseball cap in the images from Monday's deadly bombing — escaped and was on the run. \u003c!--more-->\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Their uncle in Maryland, Ruslan Tsarni, pleaded on live television: \"Dzhokhar, if you are alive, turn yourself in and ask for forgiveness.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Authorities in Boston suspended all mass transit and warned close to 1 million people in the entire city and some of its suburbs to stay indoors as the hunt for Suspect No. 2 went on. Businesses were asked not to open. People waiting at bus and subway stops were told to go home. The Red Sox and Bruins postponed their games.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>From Watertown to Cambridge, police SWAT teams, sharpshooters and FBI agents surrounded various buildings as police helicopters buzzed overhead and armored vehicles rumbled through the streets. Authorities also searched trains.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"We believe this man to be a terrorist,\" said Boston Police Commissioner Ed Davis. \"We believe this to be a man who's come here to kill people.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The bombings on Monday killed three people and wounded more than 180 others, tearing off limbs in a spray of shrapnel and instantly raising the specter of another terrorist attack on U.S. soil.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_94749\" class=\"wp-caption alignleft\" style=\"max-width: 290px\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/news/2013/04/19/one-boston-marathon-suspect-dead-manhunt-on-for-the-other/dzhokar-tsamaev/\" rel=\"attachment wp-att-94749\">\u003cimg class=\"size-medium wp-image-94749\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2013/04/Dzhokar-Tsamaev-290x300.jpg\" alt=\"Dzhokar Tsamaev, 19, a suspect in the Boston Marathon bombings, is the subject of a massive manhunt. (Courtesy FBI)\" width=\"290\" height=\"300\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Dzhokhar Tsarnaev, 19, a suspect in the Boston Marathon bombings, is the subject of a massive manhunt. (Courtesy FBI)\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Chechnya was the scene of two wars between Russian forces and separatists since 1994, in which tens of thousands were killed in heavy Russian bombing. That spawned an Islamic insurgency that has carried out deadly bombings in Russia and the region, although not in the West.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Investigators in the Boston case have shed no light on the motive for the bombing and have said it is unclear whether it was the work of domestic or international terrorists or someone else entirely with an unknown agenda.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The endgame — at least for Suspect No. 1 — came just hours after the FBI released photos and video of the two young men at the marathon's finish line and appealed to the public for help in identifying and capturing them.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>State Police spokesman Dave Procopio said police realized they were dealing with the bombing suspects based on what the two men told a carjacking victim during their getaway attempt overnight.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>Sullivan and Associated Press writers Stephen Braun and Jack Gillum reported from Washington. 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"content": "\u003cp>\u003cimg class=\"aligncenter size-full wp-image-94823\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2013/04/Joshua-tree-1.jpg\" alt=\"Joshua tree (1)\" width=\"650\" height=\"450\">\u003cbr>\nIt's been an \u003ca href=\"http://www.californiareport.org/archive/R201304190850/a\">incredible spring for Joshua trees\u003c/a> in the Mojave Desert and throughout the Southwest. The strange and gangly desert forest is in the last stages of an unusually rich and widespread bloom. (Caitlin Esch/KQED)\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cimg class=\"aligncenter size-full wp-image-94824\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2013/04/5th-street.jpg\" alt=\"5th street\" width=\"650\" height=\"450\">\u003cbr>\nResidents of a small artists community on the Oakland waterfront, near Jack London Square, are pondering what their future holds as the city moves ahead with a massive new development in their backyard. Robert Schultz collects art and has lived in the 5th Street community for about 34 years. (Deborah Svoboda/KQED)\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cimg class=\"aligncenter size-full wp-image-94827\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2013/04/PhotoWeek130419tattoo.jpg\" alt=\"PhotoWeek130419tattoo\" width=\"640\" height=\"450\">\u003cbr>\nAzucena Campos sits through her twelfth laser tattoo removal session at Valley Medical Specialty Center in San Jose. The city-run Clean Slate program has provided \u003ca href=\"http://peninsulapress.com/2013/04/16/san-jose-tattoo-removal-program-helps-give-troubled-teens-a-fresh-start/\">free tattoo removal \u003c/a>for San Jose youth since 1994, provided they complete life skill classes and community service, as well as meet other criteria. (Julia Reis/ \u003ca href=\"http://peninsulapress.com/\">Peninsula Press\u003c/a>)\u003cbr>\n\u003c!--more-->\u003cbr>\n\u003cimg class=\"aligncenter size-full wp-image-94828\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2013/04/PhotoWeek130419KaylaMoore.jpg\" alt=\"PhotoWeek130419KaylaMoore\" width=\"640\" height=\"450\">\u003cbr>\nFriends and family of Kayla Moore held a remembrance on April 17 in downtown Berkeley. Moore is the 41-year-old mentally ill transgender person who died Feb. 12 while in custody of Berkeley Police. Carl Butler, Jimmy Phady and Arthur Moore (from left to right) were among those who marched to the police station to pressure police to release information about the death. (Alex Emslie/KQED)\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n",
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"content": "\u003cp>\u003cem>by Lisa Leff and Paul Elias, Associated Press\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>SAN FRANCISCO (AP) — California’s novel law seeking to ban licensed counselors from trying to turn gay teens straight is boiling down to a question over whether the therapy is free speech or a medical treatment that can be regulated by government.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_89826\" class=\"wp-caption alignleft\" style=\"max-width: 220px\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/news/2013/02/21/why-san-francisco-and-napa-have-been-ranked-as-the-happiest-cities-in-america/gay/\" rel=\"attachment wp-att-89826\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-full wp-image-89826\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2013/02/gay.jpg\" alt=\"The perception of San Francisco as a gay-friendly city helped it earn the title America's happiest city. (Terri Hodges/Flickr)\" width=\"220\" height=\"220\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Californians increasingly see gay relationships as normal. (Terri Hodges/Flickr)\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>It’s the “pivot point” of the legal debate, Judge Morgan Christen of the 9th U.S. Circuit Court of Appeals said Wednesday.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Morgan and two other judges on the nation’s largest federal appellate court considered 90 minutes of legal arguments over the ban on “sexual-orientation change” counseling of minors, which other states are considering.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The three-judge panel is considering two challenges to the law approved in California last fall. It took no action Wednesday and will issue a written ruling later.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The law was to go into effect Jan. 1, but the court put it on hold pending its decision.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Chief Judge Alex Kozinski noted the U.S. Supreme Court struck down a California ban of violent video games because the state failed to show a compelling reason to infringe on game-makers free speech rights to manufacture the products.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>He said it appeared the same argument could be applied to the evidence lawmakers relied on in passing the prohibition on sexual-orientation change therapy.\u003c!--more-->\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“We really don’t have anything compelling, as I see it,” Kozinski said. “Government has to have a compelling interest in curtailing speech.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>California Deputy Attorney General Alexandra Robert Gordon, who is defending the ban, cited mainstream medical organizations’ support of the law, and testimony before the state Legislature by several people who said they were harmed by the counseling.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Kozinski replied that opponents of the law also testified before lawmakers that they benefited from the counseling.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“There is evidence going both ways,” Kozinski concluded.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Lawyers for parents of children who are undergoing the counseling and licensed professionals who administer the “talk therapy” argued the ban goes too far. But Mathew Staver, founder of the Liberty Counsel and a lawyer opposing the law, said there is “no evidence of harm.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The law says therapists and counselors who treat minors with methods designed to eliminate or reduce their same-sex attractions would be engaging in unprofessional conduct and subject to discipline by state licensing boards. The activities of pastors and lay counselors who are unlicensed but provide such therapy through church programs would not be covered.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The cases before the appeals court was brought by professionals who practice sexual-orientation change therapy, two families who say their teenage sons benefited from it, and a national association of Christian mental health counselors. They argue the ban infringes on their free speech and freedom of association and religious rights. The counselors also argue it jeopardizes their livelihoods.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“The state has determined that the only permissible message (is that) same-sex attractions, behavior or identity are to be accepted, supported and understood, thus suppressing all other viewpoints to the detriment of licensed professionals and their vulnerable minor clients,” lawyers for the families, several practitioners and the professional group said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“The viewpoint of counselors who in their professional judgment determine that same-sex attractions conflict with the religious and moral beliefs of clients and are not desired, is silenced by SB 1172. This raises a serious constitutional question.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Supporters, including Gov. Jerry Brown and Attorney General Kamala Harris, say the prohibition on “reparative” and “conversion” therapy is necessary to protect children from a coercive practice that can put them at increased risk of suicide. They also say the therapy’s efficacy has been questioned or rejected by every major mental health professional association.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Harris has argued the law “is based on a scientific and professional consensus reached decades ago that homosexuality is a normal expression of human sexuality and not a disease, condition, or disorder in need of a ‘cure.'”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Reflecting the competing issues before the appeals court, the two Sacramento-based trial judges who handled the lawsuits in December reached differing conclusions on whether the ban violates the U.S. Constitution.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>One refused to block the law after ruling the plaintiffs were unlikely to prove the prohibition unfairly tramples on their civil rights and should therefore be overturned. The other said he found the First Amendment issues presented by the ban to be compelling and ordered the state to temporarily exempt the three people named in the case before him.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The panel hearing the cases Wednesday consists of Chief Judge Alex Kozinski, who was appointed by Ronald Reagan in 1985, Judge Susan Graber, a 1998 Bill Clinton appointee, and Judge Morgan Christen, a 2012 appointee of President Barack Obama. The judges don’t have a deadline for issuing a decision.\u003c/p>\n\n",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>\u003cem>by Lisa Leff and Paul Elias, Associated Press\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>SAN FRANCISCO (AP) — California’s novel law seeking to ban licensed counselors from trying to turn gay teens straight is boiling down to a question over whether the therapy is free speech or a medical treatment that can be regulated by government.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_89826\" class=\"wp-caption alignleft\" style=\"max-width: 220px\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/news/2013/02/21/why-san-francisco-and-napa-have-been-ranked-as-the-happiest-cities-in-america/gay/\" rel=\"attachment wp-att-89826\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-full wp-image-89826\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2013/02/gay.jpg\" alt=\"The perception of San Francisco as a gay-friendly city helped it earn the title America's happiest city. (Terri Hodges/Flickr)\" width=\"220\" height=\"220\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Californians increasingly see gay relationships as normal. (Terri Hodges/Flickr)\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>It’s the “pivot point” of the legal debate, Judge Morgan Christen of the 9th U.S. Circuit Court of Appeals said Wednesday.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Morgan and two other judges on the nation’s largest federal appellate court considered 90 minutes of legal arguments over the ban on “sexual-orientation change” counseling of minors, which other states are considering.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The three-judge panel is considering two challenges to the law approved in California last fall. It took no action Wednesday and will issue a written ruling later.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The law was to go into effect Jan. 1, but the court put it on hold pending its decision.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Chief Judge Alex Kozinski noted the U.S. Supreme Court struck down a California ban of violent video games because the state failed to show a compelling reason to infringe on game-makers free speech rights to manufacture the products.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>He said it appeared the same argument could be applied to the evidence lawmakers relied on in passing the prohibition on sexual-orientation change therapy.\u003c!--more-->\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“We really don’t have anything compelling, as I see it,” Kozinski said. “Government has to have a compelling interest in curtailing speech.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>California Deputy Attorney General Alexandra Robert Gordon, who is defending the ban, cited mainstream medical organizations’ support of the law, and testimony before the state Legislature by several people who said they were harmed by the counseling.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Kozinski replied that opponents of the law also testified before lawmakers that they benefited from the counseling.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“There is evidence going both ways,” Kozinski concluded.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Lawyers for parents of children who are undergoing the counseling and licensed professionals who administer the “talk therapy” argued the ban goes too far. But Mathew Staver, founder of the Liberty Counsel and a lawyer opposing the law, said there is “no evidence of harm.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The law says therapists and counselors who treat minors with methods designed to eliminate or reduce their same-sex attractions would be engaging in unprofessional conduct and subject to discipline by state licensing boards. The activities of pastors and lay counselors who are unlicensed but provide such therapy through church programs would not be covered.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The cases before the appeals court was brought by professionals who practice sexual-orientation change therapy, two families who say their teenage sons benefited from it, and a national association of Christian mental health counselors. They argue the ban infringes on their free speech and freedom of association and religious rights. The counselors also argue it jeopardizes their livelihoods.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“The state has determined that the only permissible message (is that) same-sex attractions, behavior or identity are to be accepted, supported and understood, thus suppressing all other viewpoints to the detriment of licensed professionals and their vulnerable minor clients,” lawyers for the families, several practitioners and the professional group said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“The viewpoint of counselors who in their professional judgment determine that same-sex attractions conflict with the religious and moral beliefs of clients and are not desired, is silenced by SB 1172. This raises a serious constitutional question.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Supporters, including Gov. Jerry Brown and Attorney General Kamala Harris, say the prohibition on “reparative” and “conversion” therapy is necessary to protect children from a coercive practice that can put them at increased risk of suicide. They also say the therapy’s efficacy has been questioned or rejected by every major mental health professional association.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Harris has argued the law “is based on a scientific and professional consensus reached decades ago that homosexuality is a normal expression of human sexuality and not a disease, condition, or disorder in need of a ‘cure.'”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Reflecting the competing issues before the appeals court, the two Sacramento-based trial judges who handled the lawsuits in December reached differing conclusions on whether the ban violates the U.S. Constitution.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>One refused to block the law after ruling the plaintiffs were unlikely to prove the prohibition unfairly tramples on their civil rights and should therefore be overturned. The other said he found the First Amendment issues presented by the ban to be compelling and ordered the state to temporarily exempt the three people named in the case before him.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The panel hearing the cases Wednesday consists of Chief Judge Alex Kozinski, who was appointed by Ronald Reagan in 1985, Judge Susan Graber, a 1998 Bill Clinton appointee, and Judge Morgan Christen, a 2012 appointee of President Barack Obama. The judges don’t have a deadline for issuing a decision.\u003c/p>\n\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>",
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"content": "\u003cp>Of the many links between the Bay Area and the Boston Marathon bombing, two stood out on Thursday: a Martinez boy in surgery and a battery from Fremont.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Aaron Hern is recovering after surgery to repair wounds from the Boston Marathon bombings, according to the \u003ca href=\"http://www.contracostatimes.com/breaking-news/ci_23044259/martinez-boy-injured-boston-marathon-bombing-undergo-surgery?source=pkg\">Contra Costa Times\u003c/a>:\u003c/p>\n\u003cblockquote>\u003cp>Aaron Hern, the 11-year-old Martinez boy injured in the Boston Marathon bombings, had a successful surgery Wednesday afternoon and was beginning to talk with family after having his breathing tube removed, according to a friend who is with the family in Massachusetts.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The bombs exploded Monday as Aaron and a group of family and friends waited near the finish line to cheer on Aaron's mother, Katherine, as she finished the race. Aaron was with his father, Alan, his sister, Abby, 10, and family friends Sandra and Frank Hall.\u003c/p>\u003c/blockquote>\n\u003cp>ABC carried this report, with a segment on Hern about halfway through:\u003cbr>\nhttp://www.youtube.com/watch?v=fr1lz6KJkKo\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Details from the \u003ca href=\"http://martinez.patch.com/articles/aaron-hern-out-of-surgery-and-doing-well\">Martinez Patch\u003c/a>:\u003c/p>\n\u003cblockquote>\u003cp>\"Now the next hurdle to get through is the larger wound \u003c!--more-->healing without having compartment syndrome,\" said Katherine Hern Wednesday evening. \"They had to pull the muscle fascia together and it was so tight that they are concerned about compressing blood vessels.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>She added: \"He may not sleep very well tonight because he's so much more alert now and has a lot of very difficult feelings and memories he's already dealing with. So there's a long way to go there.\"\u003c/p>\u003c/blockquote>\n\u003cp>Bay City News carried this report of community support:\u003c/p>\n\u003cblockquote>\u003cp>Community members are rallying around a Martinez sixth-grader who was injured in the Boston Marathon bombings on Monday. ...\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Roxanne Cole, the owner of restaurant and wine bar Roxx on Main, welcomed diners to the business for a fundraiser for the family during the lunch and dinner hours on Tuesday.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Employees at the restaurant, located at 627 Main St., worked for free on Tuesday, and other local businesses, including Chairs for Affairs, donated supplies, Cole said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"If you know anything about Martinez, we're a very tight-knit community, and I wanted to do something to help,\" she said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>She said the event netted $4,500, with all proceeds going to help cover the family's transportation and housing expenses.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Cole said she would continue to hold the same fundraiser each Tuesday until the Hern family returns home. Community members may also drop off donations at the restaurant until a donation fund is established, she said. ...\u003c/p>\u003c/blockquote>\n\u003cp>The Contra Costa Times has \u003ca href=\"http://www.mercurynews.com/breaking-news/ci_23045206/aaron-hern-fundraisers-how-help-familyhttp://\">additional information about future fundraisers\u003c/a> for the Herns.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Meanwhile, The Associated Press carried this story about batteries used in the bombs:\u003c/p>\n\u003cblockquote>\u003cp>FREMONT (AP) Officials at a Northern California battery company said Wednesday they believe a battery they manufactured was used in the Boston Marathon bombing.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Benjamin Mull, spokesman for Fremont-based Tenergy Corp., said that based on crime scene photos that have appeared online, the company believes one of its nickel-metal hydride batteries was used to make the bombs that detonated Monday near the marathon's finish line, killing three people and wounding more than 170.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"We're all deeply saddened by the events in Boston. Our thoughts and hearts go out to the victims and their families and the Boston community. We're all horrified and appalled that our off-the-shelf product would be used in such a horrific way,\" Mull said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The company has reached out to Boston police and the FBI but hasn't heard directly from investigators, Mull said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The company says the 1.25-volt battery seen in the photos is sold in retail outlets and is frequently used by hobbyists for various toys, including radio-controlled cars and trucks.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Tenergy has been selling the battery for several years and said it has sold \"tens of thousands\" of the particular battery in the past year.\u003c/p>\u003c/blockquote>\n\n",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>Of the many links between the Bay Area and the Boston Marathon bombing, two stood out on Thursday: a Martinez boy in surgery and a battery from Fremont.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Aaron Hern is recovering after surgery to repair wounds from the Boston Marathon bombings, according to the \u003ca href=\"http://www.contracostatimes.com/breaking-news/ci_23044259/martinez-boy-injured-boston-marathon-bombing-undergo-surgery?source=pkg\">Contra Costa Times\u003c/a>:\u003c/p>\n\u003cblockquote>\u003cp>Aaron Hern, the 11-year-old Martinez boy injured in the Boston Marathon bombings, had a successful surgery Wednesday afternoon and was beginning to talk with family after having his breathing tube removed, according to a friend who is with the family in Massachusetts.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The bombs exploded Monday as Aaron and a group of family and friends waited near the finish line to cheer on Aaron's mother, Katherine, as she finished the race. Aaron was with his father, Alan, his sister, Abby, 10, and family friends Sandra and Frank Hall.\u003c/p>\u003c/blockquote>\n\u003cp>ABC carried this report, with a segment on Hern about halfway through:\u003cbr>\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003cspan class='utils-parseShortcode-shortcodes-__youtubeShortcode__embedYoutube'>\n \u003cspan class='utils-parseShortcode-shortcodes-__youtubeShortcode__embedYoutubeInside'>\n \u003ciframe\n loading='lazy'\n class='utils-parseShortcode-shortcodes-__youtubeShortcode__youtubePlayer'\n type='text/html'\n src='//www.youtube.com/embed/fr1lz6KJkKo'\n title='//www.youtube.com/embed/fr1lz6KJkKo'\n allowfullscreen='true'\n style='border:0;'>\u003c/iframe>\n \u003c/span>\n \u003c/span>\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003cp>Details from the \u003ca href=\"http://martinez.patch.com/articles/aaron-hern-out-of-surgery-and-doing-well\">Martinez Patch\u003c/a>:\u003c/p>\n\u003cblockquote>\u003cp>\"Now the next hurdle to get through is the larger wound \u003c!--more-->healing without having compartment syndrome,\" said Katherine Hern Wednesday evening. \"They had to pull the muscle fascia together and it was so tight that they are concerned about compressing blood vessels.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>She added: \"He may not sleep very well tonight because he's so much more alert now and has a lot of very difficult feelings and memories he's already dealing with. So there's a long way to go there.\"\u003c/p>\u003c/blockquote>\n\u003cp>Bay City News carried this report of community support:\u003c/p>\n\u003cblockquote>\u003cp>Community members are rallying around a Martinez sixth-grader who was injured in the Boston Marathon bombings on Monday. ...\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Roxanne Cole, the owner of restaurant and wine bar Roxx on Main, welcomed diners to the business for a fundraiser for the family during the lunch and dinner hours on Tuesday.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Employees at the restaurant, located at 627 Main St., worked for free on Tuesday, and other local businesses, including Chairs for Affairs, donated supplies, Cole said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"If you know anything about Martinez, we're a very tight-knit community, and I wanted to do something to help,\" she said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>She said the event netted $4,500, with all proceeds going to help cover the family's transportation and housing expenses.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Cole said she would continue to hold the same fundraiser each Tuesday until the Hern family returns home. Community members may also drop off donations at the restaurant until a donation fund is established, she said. ...\u003c/p>\u003c/blockquote>\n\u003cp>The Contra Costa Times has \u003ca href=\"http://www.mercurynews.com/breaking-news/ci_23045206/aaron-hern-fundraisers-how-help-familyhttp://\">additional information about future fundraisers\u003c/a> for the Herns.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Meanwhile, The Associated Press carried this story about batteries used in the bombs:\u003c/p>\n\u003cblockquote>\u003cp>FREMONT (AP) Officials at a Northern California battery company said Wednesday they believe a battery they manufactured was used in the Boston Marathon bombing.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Benjamin Mull, spokesman for Fremont-based Tenergy Corp., said that based on crime scene photos that have appeared online, the company believes one of its nickel-metal hydride batteries was used to make the bombs that detonated Monday near the marathon's finish line, killing three people and wounding more than 170.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"We're all deeply saddened by the events in Boston. Our thoughts and hearts go out to the victims and their families and the Boston community. We're all horrified and appalled that our off-the-shelf product would be used in such a horrific way,\" Mull said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The company has reached out to Boston police and the FBI but hasn't heard directly from investigators, Mull said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The company says the 1.25-volt battery seen in the photos is sold in retail outlets and is frequently used by hobbyists for various toys, including radio-controlled cars and trucks.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Tenergy has been selling the battery for several years and said it has sold \"tens of thousands\" of the particular battery in the past year.\u003c/p>\u003c/blockquote>\n\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>",
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"disqusTitle": "Learning How to Respond to a Boston-Style Emergency",
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"content": "\u003cp>The attack at the Boston Marathon might have you pondering an unsettling question: What if I had been there? What would I have done? Would I know what to do? And if I have no idea what to do, how would I even learn -- other than becoming a paramedic?\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_94568\" class=\"wp-caption alignright\" style=\"max-width: 300px\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/news/2013/04/17/learning-how-to-respond-to-a-boston-style-emergency/san-francisco-holds-drill-to-prepare-for-terror-attack-on-golden-gate-bridge/\" rel=\"attachment wp-att-94568\">\u003cimg class=\"size-medium wp-image-94568\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2013/04/3462061-300x195.jpg\" alt=\"Crews from the San Francisco Fire and Police Departments, the National Park Service, U.S. Coast Guard, California Highway Patrol, Presidio Fire Department, and San Mateo Harbor Patrol take part in an aquatic multicasualty exercise on San Francisco Bay. (David Paul Morris/Getty Images)\" width=\"300\" height=\"195\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Crews from the San Francisco Fire and Police Departments, the National Park Service, U.S. Coast Guard, California Highway Patrol, Presidio Fire Department, and San Mateo Harbor Patrol take part in an aquatic multicasualty exercise on San Francisco Bay. (David Paul Morris/Getty Images)\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Across the Bay Area and the nation, everyday people know what to do when disaster strikes. They learned through hands-on training from police and firefighters. On Saturday, April 20, San Francisco's Neighborhood Emergency Response Team, or NERT, will hold its citywide disaster drill. Participants learn skills such as risk awareness, preparing disaster supplies, dealing with utilities and pre-planning before disaster strikes.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>San Francisco Fire Lt. Erica Arteseros coordinates the city's NERT program.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>JOSHUA JOHNSON, HOST:\u003c/strong> Suppose the attack had happened at the Bay to Breakers race rather than the Boston Marathon. What would a NERT volunteer know or do that would make a difference in that situation?\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>ERICA ARTESEROS:\u003c/strong> The skills that we teach are all hazards. While we would activate volunteers for a disaster that has been declared, if they find themselves in a situation like a car accident or a bombing, they have skills in how to save lives by stopping bleeding. By responding immediately with calm in the neighborhood or the area where things are going on. Also, how to clear an area and provide an evacuation zone.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2013/04/nert_130417.mp3\" target=\"_blank\">Listen to the story.\u003c/a>\u003cbr>\n[audio:http://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2013/04/nert_130417.mp3]\u003cbr>\n\u003c!--more-->\u003cbr>\n\u003cstrong>JOHNSON:\u003c/strong> Describe the citywide drill? What kinds of things will be going on this Saturday?\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>ARTESEROS:\u003c/strong> The citywide drill will be filled with people who have been through 20 hours of basic training through our Fire Department in preparedness and response. They will be setting up their neighborhood staging area and setting up that command center for the neighborhood of trained volunteers. From that command post and the mock neighborhood that we set up in the schoolyard, they will have volunteers who go out and perform rescue for our mock-damaged buildings -- areas such as parts of the school where many victims have been found, areas where people may have been trapped. We establish this faux-disaster city at Everett Middle School and the volunteers work in the command center, as well as going out into the field in teams to respond.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>JOHNSON:\u003c/strong> This drill is only for current NERT members, not for newcomers, right?\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>ARTESEROS:\u003c/strong> Right.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>JOHNSON:\u003c/strong> What kinds of people does NERT training attract? Does it appeal to certain segments of the population more than others?\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>ARTESEROS:\u003c/strong> It’s really across the board. We have a mother of three who is actively involved and started when she was pregnant with her first because her co-worker told her, “You need to do this for your children.” We have people from the public defender’s office. We have students from City College who are interested in becoming firefighters. We really do have a broad cross section. That’s important because your neighborhood has a broad cross section.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>JOHNSON:\u003c/strong> NERT is often called CERT in many communities: Community Emergency Response Training. How does NERT or CERT training work? What is it like?\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>ARTESEROS:\u003c/strong> We start out by giving people that “personal preparedness.” If you are going to respond in a disaster that is broad-based, you need to have personally prepared so you take care of yourself and your family first. We spend quite a bit of time on that. Then we talk about response skills that people have that are lifesaving. How do you stop bleeding if you come across somebody who has been injured? How do you keep calm in an area? How do you rescue somebody underneath a heavy object that is in a safe area for you to perform the rescue? And, of course, rescuer safety is paramount in our training.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>JOHNSON:\u003c/strong> You do begin with personal preparedness? This is not about learning how to make yourself a martyr in an emergency situation.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>ARTESEROS:\u003c/strong> Personal preparedness and safety are the No. 1 and 2 things we talk about in our training.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>JOHNSON:\u003c/strong> What would you say is the biggest revelation people take away from this training? Are there things that your volunteers learn that tend to come as a surprise to them or change their perspective of what they thought they should do in a disaster?\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>ARTESEROS:\u003c/strong> We hope we give people mental preparedness. We live in an area where earthquakes can happen. We live in a country where we are very aware that terrorist acts can happen. Mental preparedness goes a long way. What we hear from people coming out of the training is a sense of self-confidence, less fear, more understanding that they are capable of things that they didn’t know they were capable of before.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>JOHNSON:\u003c/strong> Knowledge really is power in a disaster.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>ARTESEROS:\u003c/strong> Absolutely.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>JOHNSON:\u003c/strong> Do you have enough NERT volunteers right now or do you need more?\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>ARTESEROS:\u003c/strong> In my opinion, there are never enough; 800,000 people live here in San Francisco. Since 1990 we have trained over 24,000 people in the program, but it’s a drop in the bucket if you look at our population. It (San Francisco) tends to be a transient population. So, our goal is to get 3,000 new people into the training program every single year, while working on the retention of volunteers who have been trained. Staying involved and really building that community in their neighborhood because it is who you know.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>JOHNSON:\u003c/strong> Give me a few basic, all-purpose disaster response tips that everyone should have -- whether it’s for an earthquake or fire or terror attack or flood or anything like that. Some all-purpose tips.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>ARTESEROS:\u003c/strong> The No. 1 tip is to have a personal communication plan with your family. Have an out-of-state contact. You need a designated meeting place that if you are not able to communicate, everyone in your family is trying to get to that designated meeting place.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>JOHNSON:\u003c/strong> Being able to contact your loved ones in an emergency regardless of the circumstances.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>ARTESEROS:\u003c/strong> The peace of mind that gives you before you are actually able to reunite with them is incredible.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad floatright]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Here are some of the NERT and CERT (Community Emergency Response Team) training groups in the Bay Area:\u003c/p>\n\u003cul>\n\u003cli>\u003ca href=\"http://www.cityofalamedaca.gov/City-Hall/CERT\">Alameda\u003c/a> Community Emergency Response Team (CERT)\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>\u003ca href=\"http://www.ci.berkeley.ca.us/ContentDisplay.aspx?id=3920\">Berkeley\u003c/a> Community Emergency Response Team (CERT)\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>\u003ca href=\"http://www.claytoncert.org/\">Clayton\u003c/a> Community Emergency Response Team (CERT)\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>\u003ca href=\"http://cityofconcord.org/police/emergency/cert.aspx\">Concord\u003c/a> Community Emergency Response Team (CERT)\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>\u003ca href=\"http://www.cupertino.org/index.aspx?page=499\">Cupertino\u003c/a> Community Emergency Response Team (CERT)\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>\u003ca href=\"http://www.ci.corte-madera.ca.us/firedepartment/cert.html\">Corte Madera\u003c/a> Community Emergency Response Team (CERT)\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>\u003ca href=\"http://www.elcerritokensingtoncert.org/\">El Cerrito\u003c/a> Neighborhood Emergency Response Team (NERT)\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>\u003ca href=\"http://www.citizencorps.gov/cc/showCert.do?id=16641&cert=\">Emeryville\u003c/a> Community Emergency Response Team (CERT)\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>\u003ca href=\"http://www.fostercity.org/Services/safety/fire/Organizing-your-Neighborhood-for-Disaster-Relief.cfm\">Foster City\u003c/a> Neighborhood Emergency Response Team (NERT)\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>\u003ca href=\"http://www.fremont.gov/index.aspx?NID=105\">Fremont\u003c/a> Community Emergency Response Team (CERT)\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>\u003ca href=\"http://www.ci.larkspur.ca.us/?nid=230\">Larkspur\u003c/a> Community Emergency Response Team (CERT)\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>\u003ca href=\"http://www.ci.mtnview.ca.us/city_hall/fire/programs_n_services/cert.asp\">Mountain View\u003c/a> Community Emergency Response Team (CERT)\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>\u003ca href=\"http://www.newarkcert.org\">Newark\u003c/a> Community Emergency Response Team (CERT)\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>Citizens of \u003ca href=\"http://www.oaklandnet.com/fire/core/about.html\">Oakland\u003c/a> Respond to Emergencies (CORE)\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>\u003ca href=\"http://www.citizencorps.gov/cc/showCert.do?id=46795\">Palo Alto\u003c/a> Community Emergency Response Team (CERT)\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>\u003ca href=\"http://www.sf-fire.org/index.aspx?page=859\">San Francisco\u003c/a> Neighborhood Emergency Response Team (NERT)\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>\u003ca href=\"http://www.sanjoseca.gov/?nid=1404\">San Jose\u003c/a> Prepared!\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>\u003ca href=\"http://www.sanmateocert.org/\">San Mateo\u003c/a> (city) Community Emergency Response Team (CERT)\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>\u003ca href=\"http://www.cityofsanrafael.org/Government/Office_of_Emergency_Services/Emergency_Preparedness/CERT.htm\">San Rafael\u003c/a> Community Emergency Response Team (CERT)\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>\u003ca href=\"http://santaclaraca.gov/index.aspx?page=487\">Santa Clara\u003c/a> (city) Home Emergency Assistance Team (HEAT)\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>\u003ca href=\"http://www.saratoga.ca.us/cityhall/cmo/emprepinfo/cert/default.asp\">Saratoga\u003c/a> Community Emergency Response Team (CERT)\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>\u003ca href=\"http://www.southernmarinfire.org/\">Southern Marin\u003c/a> Community Emergency Response Team (CERT)\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>\u003ca href=\"http://sunnyvale.ca.gov/Departments/PublicSafety/GetInvolved/SunnyvaleNeighborsActivelyPrepare.aspx\">Sunnyvale\u003c/a> Neighborhoods Actively Prepare (SNAP)\u003c/li>\n\u003c/ul>\n\n",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>The attack at the Boston Marathon might have you pondering an unsettling question: What if I had been there? What would I have done? Would I know what to do? And if I have no idea what to do, how would I even learn -- other than becoming a paramedic?\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_94568\" class=\"wp-caption alignright\" style=\"max-width: 300px\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/news/2013/04/17/learning-how-to-respond-to-a-boston-style-emergency/san-francisco-holds-drill-to-prepare-for-terror-attack-on-golden-gate-bridge/\" rel=\"attachment wp-att-94568\">\u003cimg class=\"size-medium wp-image-94568\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2013/04/3462061-300x195.jpg\" alt=\"Crews from the San Francisco Fire and Police Departments, the National Park Service, U.S. Coast Guard, California Highway Patrol, Presidio Fire Department, and San Mateo Harbor Patrol take part in an aquatic multicasualty exercise on San Francisco Bay. (David Paul Morris/Getty Images)\" width=\"300\" height=\"195\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Crews from the San Francisco Fire and Police Departments, the National Park Service, U.S. Coast Guard, California Highway Patrol, Presidio Fire Department, and San Mateo Harbor Patrol take part in an aquatic multicasualty exercise on San Francisco Bay. (David Paul Morris/Getty Images)\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Across the Bay Area and the nation, everyday people know what to do when disaster strikes. They learned through hands-on training from police and firefighters. On Saturday, April 20, San Francisco's Neighborhood Emergency Response Team, or NERT, will hold its citywide disaster drill. Participants learn skills such as risk awareness, preparing disaster supplies, dealing with utilities and pre-planning before disaster strikes.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>San Francisco Fire Lt. Erica Arteseros coordinates the city's NERT program.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>JOSHUA JOHNSON, HOST:\u003c/strong> Suppose the attack had happened at the Bay to Breakers race rather than the Boston Marathon. What would a NERT volunteer know or do that would make a difference in that situation?\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>ERICA ARTESEROS:\u003c/strong> The skills that we teach are all hazards. While we would activate volunteers for a disaster that has been declared, if they find themselves in a situation like a car accident or a bombing, they have skills in how to save lives by stopping bleeding. By responding immediately with calm in the neighborhood or the area where things are going on. Also, how to clear an area and provide an evacuation zone.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cbr>\n\u003c!--more-->\u003cbr>\n\u003cstrong>JOHNSON:\u003c/strong> Describe the citywide drill? What kinds of things will be going on this Saturday?\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>ARTESEROS:\u003c/strong> The citywide drill will be filled with people who have been through 20 hours of basic training through our Fire Department in preparedness and response. They will be setting up their neighborhood staging area and setting up that command center for the neighborhood of trained volunteers. From that command post and the mock neighborhood that we set up in the schoolyard, they will have volunteers who go out and perform rescue for our mock-damaged buildings -- areas such as parts of the school where many victims have been found, areas where people may have been trapped. We establish this faux-disaster city at Everett Middle School and the volunteers work in the command center, as well as going out into the field in teams to respond.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>JOHNSON:\u003c/strong> This drill is only for current NERT members, not for newcomers, right?\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>ARTESEROS:\u003c/strong> Right.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>JOHNSON:\u003c/strong> What kinds of people does NERT training attract? Does it appeal to certain segments of the population more than others?\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>ARTESEROS:\u003c/strong> It’s really across the board. We have a mother of three who is actively involved and started when she was pregnant with her first because her co-worker told her, “You need to do this for your children.” We have people from the public defender’s office. We have students from City College who are interested in becoming firefighters. We really do have a broad cross section. That’s important because your neighborhood has a broad cross section.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>JOHNSON:\u003c/strong> NERT is often called CERT in many communities: Community Emergency Response Training. How does NERT or CERT training work? What is it like?\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>ARTESEROS:\u003c/strong> We start out by giving people that “personal preparedness.” If you are going to respond in a disaster that is broad-based, you need to have personally prepared so you take care of yourself and your family first. We spend quite a bit of time on that. Then we talk about response skills that people have that are lifesaving. How do you stop bleeding if you come across somebody who has been injured? How do you keep calm in an area? How do you rescue somebody underneath a heavy object that is in a safe area for you to perform the rescue? And, of course, rescuer safety is paramount in our training.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>JOHNSON:\u003c/strong> You do begin with personal preparedness? This is not about learning how to make yourself a martyr in an emergency situation.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>ARTESEROS:\u003c/strong> Personal preparedness and safety are the No. 1 and 2 things we talk about in our training.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>JOHNSON:\u003c/strong> What would you say is the biggest revelation people take away from this training? Are there things that your volunteers learn that tend to come as a surprise to them or change their perspective of what they thought they should do in a disaster?\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>ARTESEROS:\u003c/strong> We hope we give people mental preparedness. We live in an area where earthquakes can happen. We live in a country where we are very aware that terrorist acts can happen. Mental preparedness goes a long way. What we hear from people coming out of the training is a sense of self-confidence, less fear, more understanding that they are capable of things that they didn’t know they were capable of before.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>JOHNSON:\u003c/strong> Knowledge really is power in a disaster.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>ARTESEROS:\u003c/strong> Absolutely.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>JOHNSON:\u003c/strong> Do you have enough NERT volunteers right now or do you need more?\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>ARTESEROS:\u003c/strong> In my opinion, there are never enough; 800,000 people live here in San Francisco. Since 1990 we have trained over 24,000 people in the program, but it’s a drop in the bucket if you look at our population. It (San Francisco) tends to be a transient population. So, our goal is to get 3,000 new people into the training program every single year, while working on the retention of volunteers who have been trained. Staying involved and really building that community in their neighborhood because it is who you know.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>JOHNSON:\u003c/strong> Give me a few basic, all-purpose disaster response tips that everyone should have -- whether it’s for an earthquake or fire or terror attack or flood or anything like that. Some all-purpose tips.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>ARTESEROS:\u003c/strong> The No. 1 tip is to have a personal communication plan with your family. Have an out-of-state contact. You need a designated meeting place that if you are not able to communicate, everyone in your family is trying to get to that designated meeting place.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>JOHNSON:\u003c/strong> Being able to contact your loved ones in an emergency regardless of the circumstances.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>ARTESEROS:\u003c/strong> The peace of mind that gives you before you are actually able to reunite with them is incredible.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Here are some of the NERT and CERT (Community Emergency Response Team) training groups in the Bay Area:\u003c/p>\n\u003cul>\n\u003cli>\u003ca href=\"http://www.cityofalamedaca.gov/City-Hall/CERT\">Alameda\u003c/a> Community Emergency Response Team (CERT)\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>\u003ca href=\"http://www.ci.berkeley.ca.us/ContentDisplay.aspx?id=3920\">Berkeley\u003c/a> Community Emergency Response Team (CERT)\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>\u003ca href=\"http://www.claytoncert.org/\">Clayton\u003c/a> Community Emergency Response Team (CERT)\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>\u003ca href=\"http://cityofconcord.org/police/emergency/cert.aspx\">Concord\u003c/a> Community Emergency Response Team (CERT)\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>\u003ca href=\"http://www.cupertino.org/index.aspx?page=499\">Cupertino\u003c/a> Community Emergency Response Team (CERT)\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>\u003ca href=\"http://www.ci.corte-madera.ca.us/firedepartment/cert.html\">Corte Madera\u003c/a> Community Emergency Response Team (CERT)\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>\u003ca href=\"http://www.elcerritokensingtoncert.org/\">El Cerrito\u003c/a> Neighborhood Emergency Response Team (NERT)\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>\u003ca href=\"http://www.citizencorps.gov/cc/showCert.do?id=16641&cert=\">Emeryville\u003c/a> Community Emergency Response Team (CERT)\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>\u003ca href=\"http://www.fostercity.org/Services/safety/fire/Organizing-your-Neighborhood-for-Disaster-Relief.cfm\">Foster City\u003c/a> Neighborhood Emergency Response Team (NERT)\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>\u003ca href=\"http://www.fremont.gov/index.aspx?NID=105\">Fremont\u003c/a> Community Emergency Response Team (CERT)\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>\u003ca href=\"http://www.ci.larkspur.ca.us/?nid=230\">Larkspur\u003c/a> Community Emergency Response Team (CERT)\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>\u003ca href=\"http://www.ci.mtnview.ca.us/city_hall/fire/programs_n_services/cert.asp\">Mountain View\u003c/a> Community Emergency Response Team (CERT)\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>\u003ca href=\"http://www.newarkcert.org\">Newark\u003c/a> Community Emergency Response Team (CERT)\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>Citizens of \u003ca href=\"http://www.oaklandnet.com/fire/core/about.html\">Oakland\u003c/a> Respond to Emergencies (CORE)\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>\u003ca href=\"http://www.citizencorps.gov/cc/showCert.do?id=46795\">Palo Alto\u003c/a> Community Emergency Response Team (CERT)\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>\u003ca href=\"http://www.sf-fire.org/index.aspx?page=859\">San Francisco\u003c/a> Neighborhood Emergency Response Team (NERT)\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>\u003ca href=\"http://www.sanjoseca.gov/?nid=1404\">San Jose\u003c/a> Prepared!\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>\u003ca href=\"http://www.sanmateocert.org/\">San Mateo\u003c/a> (city) Community Emergency Response Team (CERT)\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>\u003ca href=\"http://www.cityofsanrafael.org/Government/Office_of_Emergency_Services/Emergency_Preparedness/CERT.htm\">San Rafael\u003c/a> Community Emergency Response Team (CERT)\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>\u003ca href=\"http://santaclaraca.gov/index.aspx?page=487\">Santa Clara\u003c/a> (city) Home Emergency Assistance Team (HEAT)\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>\u003ca href=\"http://www.saratoga.ca.us/cityhall/cmo/emprepinfo/cert/default.asp\">Saratoga\u003c/a> Community Emergency Response Team (CERT)\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>\u003ca href=\"http://www.southernmarinfire.org/\">Southern Marin\u003c/a> Community Emergency Response Team (CERT)\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>\u003ca href=\"http://sunnyvale.ca.gov/Departments/PublicSafety/GetInvolved/SunnyvaleNeighborsActivelyPrepare.aspx\">Sunnyvale\u003c/a> Neighborhoods Actively Prepare (SNAP)\u003c/li>\n\u003c/ul>\n\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>",
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"content": "\u003cp>Aaron Hern, a 11-year-old from Martinez, needed surgery to treat a wound inflicted by the Boston Marathon bombings, his mother Katherine reported on her Facebook page on Monday night.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_94359\" class=\"wp-caption alignright\" style=\"max-width: 300px\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/news/2013/04/16/11-year-old-martinez-boy-injured-in-boston-bombings/boston-marathon-running/\" rel=\"attachment wp-att-94359\">\u003cimg class=\"size-full wp-image-94359\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2013/04/boston-marathon-running.jpg\" alt=\" Participants run down Boylston Street toward the finish line during the 114th Boston Marathon on April 19, 2010 in Boston, Massachusetts. (Photo by Jim Rogash/Getty Images)\" width=\"300\" height=\"425\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Participants run down Boylston Street toward the finish line during the 114th Boston Marathon on April 19, 2010 in Boston, Mass. Jim Rogash/Getty Images\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>From \u003ca href=\"http://www.contracostatimes.com/breaking-news/ci_23032244/boston-marathon-bombings-martinez-boy-12-injured-by\">the Contra Costa Times\u003c/a>:\u003c/p>\n\u003cblockquote>\u003cp>The boy was waiting at the finish line for his mother, 40-year-old Katherine Hern, who was about 200 feet away from the finish line of the prestigious race, said Gay Gerlack, a former Martinez city council candidate and member of the Kiwanis Club of Martinez with Katherine Hern.\u003c/p>\u003c/blockquote>\n\u003cp>Katherine Hern posted this on her \u003ca href=\"https://www.facebook.com/katherine.hern.3\">Facebook page\u003c/a> around 8 p.m. Monday night.\u003c/p>\n\u003cblockquote>\u003cp>Ok. Hey everyone. I'll keep this short because I need to get back to Aaron and try to get some sleep. First, thank you all so much for your thoughts and prayers. Aaron is in the ICU but stable. Has many lacerations but mostly superficial except one. One on his upper left thigh needs more surgery and just not sure yet the extent of the damage. Will be here about 7-10 days with follow up surgeries.\u003cbr>\nThey say there's a website I can set up here for updates and will direct you to that if I get it set up. But there really won't be any new news until Wednesday when he has his next surgery. Thank you all and good night.\u003c/p>\u003c/blockquote>\n\u003cp>Aaron, who turns 12 in a couple of weeks, was eagerly waiting to take pictures of his mother when the bomb blast sent shrapnel through his leg, \u003ca href=\"http://abclocal.go.com/kgo/story?section=news/local/east_bay&id=9066460\">ABC reports\u003c/a>:\u003c/p>\n\u003cblockquote>\u003cp>Aaron was in the middle of the chaos, severely wounded by shrapnel that dug right to the bones in his thigh and hip. His father was nearby on the reviewing stand while Aaron was at street level waiting for his mother who was a few hundred yards from finishing the race.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"Dad was up on the bleachers looking down and the crowd got chaotic and he found him lying down,\" said Sides.\u003c/p>\u003c/blockquote>\n\u003cp>Paramedics used a tourniquet on the wound, and rushed Aaron to Boston Children's Hospital, where at first his father, Alan Hern, could not find him, ABC reported.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The network said Aaron is expected to spend seven to 10 days at the hospital. Alan Hern is football coach at Alhambra High School.\u003c/p>\n\n",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>Aaron Hern, a 11-year-old from Martinez, needed surgery to treat a wound inflicted by the Boston Marathon bombings, his mother Katherine reported on her Facebook page on Monday night.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_94359\" class=\"wp-caption alignright\" style=\"max-width: 300px\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/news/2013/04/16/11-year-old-martinez-boy-injured-in-boston-bombings/boston-marathon-running/\" rel=\"attachment wp-att-94359\">\u003cimg class=\"size-full wp-image-94359\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2013/04/boston-marathon-running.jpg\" alt=\" Participants run down Boylston Street toward the finish line during the 114th Boston Marathon on April 19, 2010 in Boston, Massachusetts. (Photo by Jim Rogash/Getty Images)\" width=\"300\" height=\"425\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Participants run down Boylston Street toward the finish line during the 114th Boston Marathon on April 19, 2010 in Boston, Mass. Jim Rogash/Getty Images\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>From \u003ca href=\"http://www.contracostatimes.com/breaking-news/ci_23032244/boston-marathon-bombings-martinez-boy-12-injured-by\">the Contra Costa Times\u003c/a>:\u003c/p>\n\u003cblockquote>\u003cp>The boy was waiting at the finish line for his mother, 40-year-old Katherine Hern, who was about 200 feet away from the finish line of the prestigious race, said Gay Gerlack, a former Martinez city council candidate and member of the Kiwanis Club of Martinez with Katherine Hern.\u003c/p>\u003c/blockquote>\n\u003cp>Katherine Hern posted this on her \u003ca href=\"https://www.facebook.com/katherine.hern.3\">Facebook page\u003c/a> around 8 p.m. Monday night.\u003c/p>\n\u003cblockquote>\u003cp>Ok. Hey everyone. I'll keep this short because I need to get back to Aaron and try to get some sleep. First, thank you all so much for your thoughts and prayers. Aaron is in the ICU but stable. Has many lacerations but mostly superficial except one. One on his upper left thigh needs more surgery and just not sure yet the extent of the damage. Will be here about 7-10 days with follow up surgeries.\u003cbr>\nThey say there's a website I can set up here for updates and will direct you to that if I get it set up. But there really won't be any new news until Wednesday when he has his next surgery. Thank you all and good night.\u003c/p>\u003c/blockquote>\n\u003cp>Aaron, who turns 12 in a couple of weeks, was eagerly waiting to take pictures of his mother when the bomb blast sent shrapnel through his leg, \u003ca href=\"http://abclocal.go.com/kgo/story?section=news/local/east_bay&id=9066460\">ABC reports\u003c/a>:\u003c/p>\n\u003cblockquote>\u003cp>Aaron was in the middle of the chaos, severely wounded by shrapnel that dug right to the bones in his thigh and hip. His father was nearby on the reviewing stand while Aaron was at street level waiting for his mother who was a few hundred yards from finishing the race.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"Dad was up on the bleachers looking down and the crowd got chaotic and he found him lying down,\" said Sides.\u003c/p>\u003c/blockquote>\n\u003cp>Paramedics used a tourniquet on the wound, and rushed Aaron to Boston Children's Hospital, where at first his father, Alan Hern, could not find him, ABC reported.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"title": "Government Secrecy Orders on Patents Keep Lid on Inventions",
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"headTitle": "Government Secrecy Orders on Patents Keep Lid on Inventions | KQED",
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"content": "\u003cp>By G.W. Schulz, \u003ca href=\"http://cironline.org/\">Center for Investigative Reporting\u003c/a>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>More than 10 years ago, Robert Gold sought to do what many Americans have dreamed of their whole lives: patent an idea.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_73030\" class=\"wp-caption alignleft\" style=\"max-width: 248px\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/news/2012/08/13/google-cuts-4000-jobs-at-motorola-mobility/googleworkers-3/\" rel=\"attachment wp-att-73030\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-full wp-image-73030\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2012/08/GoogleWorkers1.jpg\" alt=\"More patent applications are filed from Silicon Valley than any other region of the United States. (David Paul Morris/Getty Images)\" width=\"248\" height=\"140\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">More patent applications are filed from Silicon Valley than any other region of the United States. (David Paul Morris/Getty Images)\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Gold developed a breakthrough in wireless communications that would help people speak to one another with less interference and greater security.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Then it disappeared like a dropped call.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The Department of Defense concluded that his invention could be a national security threat in the wrong hands and slapped Gold’s patent application with a so-called “secrecy order” in 2002, which prevented him from discussing the technology with anyone. Five years later, his attorney succeeded in lifting the order, but by then, it was too late.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“The window of opportunity, I believed, had really passed during those years,” Gold said. “So we have not been successful at commercializing the idea.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Gold stresses today that he didn’t oppose the government’s position – public knowledge about covert communications techniques could undermine the military. The federal government sponsored his research and retained the right to use the technology.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But it also promoted an incentive by granting Gold shared patent rights, meaning he could file an application with the U.S. Patent and Trademark Office and seek to commercialize the idea. Accomplishing that, however, required petitioning to have the secrecy order lifted as the years passed with his invention living in the shadows. \u003c!--more-->\u003cstrong>Powers Questioned\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>It’s a common refrain in the stump speeches of politicians that America is a nation of ideas, but Congress decided in 1951 that some of those ideas must nonetheless be kept hidden. Today, as Silicon Valley and other innovation centers churn out thousands of patents a year, some lawmakers wonder whether the government should have broader powers.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>What is known about secrecy orders is largely the result of Freedom of Information Act requests filed by groups like the Federation of American Scientists, an independent, nonpartisan think tank. Those documents show that the overall number of secrecy orders has steadily increased in recent years, totaling more than 5,300 by 2012, with some of them in effect for decades.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Tens of thousands of patent applications are manually examined each year under the Invention Secrecy Act and referred for a final decision to the Pentagon, National Security Agency, Department of Justice and, more recently, Department of Homeland Security.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“From the patent owner’s perspective, you’re stuck in this legal limbo where the government) says you’ve got this valid invention, but there’s nothing you can do with it until maybe decades later,” said Mark Lemley, a technology law professor at Stanford University.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Secrecy orders are rare, but violating one can result in prison time.\u003cbr>\n\u003c!--more-->\u003cbr>\nA California man named James Constant filed his patent application in 1969 for radar technology that could track shipping containers, packages or components traveling along an assembly line. After his secrecy order was eventually lifted in 1971, Constant sought damages from the government, arguing that he couldn’t capitalize on the idea. When it reached trial years later in 1982, the court ruled against him, concluding that a “lack of business experience” impeded his chance of success.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Constant said from his home in Claremont that the secrecy order caused him to incur “a substantial financial loss” and set him back for years.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“When the secrecy order was put on my patent, I had the only viable technology,” he said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In each case, the legal headaches occurred only after the inventor had spent no small amount of time and resources developing the idea in the first place.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“We still have a Cold War approach to secrecy orders,” said Pat Choate, an economist and intellectual property expert. “If a secrecy order is imposed, you wind up with the inventor effectively having the technology taken away.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Lemley and others understand why defense officials might want to shield cryptographic technology that could prevent the government from secretly eavesdropping on the conversations for foreign enemies. But modern encryption can also protect consumers from identity thieves and allow human rights activists living under abusive regimes to communicate more freely.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Troubled by the threat of economic espionage from countries like China, lawmakers are asking if some inventions are so essential to the health of the nation’s economy that they, too, should be locked away.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>U.S. Rep. Frank Wolf, R-Va., directed the Patent and Trademark Office to consider whether secrecy orders should be extended for inventions that are not tied to the nation’s defense but could harm the economy if stolen, counterfeited and sold. Officials responded in April 2012 by asking the public what it thought and got skepticism from intellectual property and secrecy experts.\u003cbr>\n\u003cstrong>\u003cbr>\nMarket Forces\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Who’s going to make the determination that something is economically viable? It’s usually the market making that determination,” said Robert Stoll, who retired as the nation’s patent commissioner in 2011 before joining a private practice.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Stoll said such a move would do its own damage to the economy, and the nation would be better off filing patent applications in foreign countries and taking China or other violators before the World Trade Organization if they fail to honor intellectual property agreements now in place.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Tom Culligan, legislative director for Wolf, countered that achieving recourse from the World Trade Organization can take far too long. The congressman’s goal was, first, to review secrecy orders in general after years of inattention from Congress and, second, to force the federal government to examine how strong present protections are for America’s most important ideas, Culligan said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“We just wanted to start a conversation. We weren’t necessarily prescribing a solution,” he said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Under the law, an inventor can seek compensation if defense agencies choose to use the idea or if the applicant can prove damages were suffered by not being permitted to take it to the marketplace. But the process for doing so is arduous, economist Choate said. Among other things, evidence confirming the government simply took an inventor’s idea could itself be considered secret.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Steven Hoffberg has handled one secrecy order in his 23 years as an intellectual property attorney. But that order was enough to threaten his client’s idea for a technology that could detect objects, including, potentially, stealth aircraft.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Hoffberg’s client, James Greer of Alabama, lived under a secrecy order for eight years after his application was filed in 2000. During that time, it would have been a challenge to explore whether the idea could be exported to strategic allies of the United States as an anti-stealth technology, let alone identify possibilities outside of the defense community. Those possibilities included object tracking for “smarter” highways of the future and next-generation communications.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Hoffberg argues that it was unjustified for the order to be in place for such a long period of time and that at least by 2004, the application would not have given adversaries a strategic advantage.\u003cbr>\n\u003cstrong>\u003cbr>\n‘No Value’\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“They kept us from fulfilling the purpose of the patent, which was to make an investment to bring a product to market,” Hoffberg said. “ … If the government wasn’t going to buy the product from us and wasn’t going to let us sell it commercially, we basically had no value.”\u003cbr>\nChoate and others want the government to stop publishing applications until a formal patent is issued, and if the application is denied, they want it destroyed so the inventor has a chance to try again or guard it as a trade secret and ultimately reap the rewards before it’s stolen.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>When it comes to secrecy orders, many of the technologies were backed by defense agencies to begin with. So it’s less of a surprise if such an order exists for the technical components of a nuclear weapons system, for example.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But dozens of so-called “John Doe” secrecy orders are issued each year, affecting private individuals and businesses that might never enjoy a payoff from their invention, even though the government has no explicit interest in the technology. John Doe orders reached a high of almost 100 in 1998, though the annual number has declined in the new millennium, according to the Federation of American Scientists.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>So is the next Google hiding behind a secrecy order? It seems highly unlikely, but because of the shroud of secrecy, no one can know for sure, said science historian Alex Wellerstein.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>He said even one hidden technology carrying possible benefits for society that are not defense-related is enough to undermine the purpose of patents – encouraging invention. He and other experts want at least the criteria used for issuing secrecy orders made public.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“The law says it just has to be detrimental to national security, which is vague,” Wellerstein said. “That doesn’t mean anything. It’d be nice if you had to actually pass (the patent application) to people who have business experience, not just people who make weapons and have a tendency of seeing lots of things as dangerous.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>This story was edited by Robert Salladay and copy edited by Nikki Frick and Christine Lee.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad floatright]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The independent, nonprofit Center for Investigative Reporting is the country’s largest investigative reporting team. For more, visit www.cironline.org. Schulz can be reached at gwschulz@cironline.org.\u003c/p>\n\n",
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"description": "By G.W. Schulz, Center for Investigative Reporting More than 10 years ago, Robert Gold sought to do what many Americans have dreamed of their whole lives: patent an idea. Gold developed a breakthrough in wireless communications that would help people speak to one another with less interference and greater security. Then it disappeared like a",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>By G.W. Schulz, \u003ca href=\"http://cironline.org/\">Center for Investigative Reporting\u003c/a>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>More than 10 years ago, Robert Gold sought to do what many Americans have dreamed of their whole lives: patent an idea.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_73030\" class=\"wp-caption alignleft\" style=\"max-width: 248px\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/news/2012/08/13/google-cuts-4000-jobs-at-motorola-mobility/googleworkers-3/\" rel=\"attachment wp-att-73030\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-full wp-image-73030\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2012/08/GoogleWorkers1.jpg\" alt=\"More patent applications are filed from Silicon Valley than any other region of the United States. (David Paul Morris/Getty Images)\" width=\"248\" height=\"140\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">More patent applications are filed from Silicon Valley than any other region of the United States. (David Paul Morris/Getty Images)\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Gold developed a breakthrough in wireless communications that would help people speak to one another with less interference and greater security.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Then it disappeared like a dropped call.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The Department of Defense concluded that his invention could be a national security threat in the wrong hands and slapped Gold’s patent application with a so-called “secrecy order” in 2002, which prevented him from discussing the technology with anyone. Five years later, his attorney succeeded in lifting the order, but by then, it was too late.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“The window of opportunity, I believed, had really passed during those years,” Gold said. “So we have not been successful at commercializing the idea.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Gold stresses today that he didn’t oppose the government’s position – public knowledge about covert communications techniques could undermine the military. The federal government sponsored his research and retained the right to use the technology.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But it also promoted an incentive by granting Gold shared patent rights, meaning he could file an application with the U.S. Patent and Trademark Office and seek to commercialize the idea. Accomplishing that, however, required petitioning to have the secrecy order lifted as the years passed with his invention living in the shadows. \u003c!--more-->\u003cstrong>Powers Questioned\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>It’s a common refrain in the stump speeches of politicians that America is a nation of ideas, but Congress decided in 1951 that some of those ideas must nonetheless be kept hidden. Today, as Silicon Valley and other innovation centers churn out thousands of patents a year, some lawmakers wonder whether the government should have broader powers.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>What is known about secrecy orders is largely the result of Freedom of Information Act requests filed by groups like the Federation of American Scientists, an independent, nonpartisan think tank. Those documents show that the overall number of secrecy orders has steadily increased in recent years, totaling more than 5,300 by 2012, with some of them in effect for decades.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Tens of thousands of patent applications are manually examined each year under the Invention Secrecy Act and referred for a final decision to the Pentagon, National Security Agency, Department of Justice and, more recently, Department of Homeland Security.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“From the patent owner’s perspective, you’re stuck in this legal limbo where the government) says you’ve got this valid invention, but there’s nothing you can do with it until maybe decades later,” said Mark Lemley, a technology law professor at Stanford University.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Secrecy orders are rare, but violating one can result in prison time.\u003cbr>\n\u003c!--more-->\u003cbr>\nA California man named James Constant filed his patent application in 1969 for radar technology that could track shipping containers, packages or components traveling along an assembly line. After his secrecy order was eventually lifted in 1971, Constant sought damages from the government, arguing that he couldn’t capitalize on the idea. When it reached trial years later in 1982, the court ruled against him, concluding that a “lack of business experience” impeded his chance of success.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Constant said from his home in Claremont that the secrecy order caused him to incur “a substantial financial loss” and set him back for years.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“When the secrecy order was put on my patent, I had the only viable technology,” he said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In each case, the legal headaches occurred only after the inventor had spent no small amount of time and resources developing the idea in the first place.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“We still have a Cold War approach to secrecy orders,” said Pat Choate, an economist and intellectual property expert. “If a secrecy order is imposed, you wind up with the inventor effectively having the technology taken away.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Lemley and others understand why defense officials might want to shield cryptographic technology that could prevent the government from secretly eavesdropping on the conversations for foreign enemies. But modern encryption can also protect consumers from identity thieves and allow human rights activists living under abusive regimes to communicate more freely.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Troubled by the threat of economic espionage from countries like China, lawmakers are asking if some inventions are so essential to the health of the nation’s economy that they, too, should be locked away.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>U.S. Rep. Frank Wolf, R-Va., directed the Patent and Trademark Office to consider whether secrecy orders should be extended for inventions that are not tied to the nation’s defense but could harm the economy if stolen, counterfeited and sold. Officials responded in April 2012 by asking the public what it thought and got skepticism from intellectual property and secrecy experts.\u003cbr>\n\u003cstrong>\u003cbr>\nMarket Forces\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Who’s going to make the determination that something is economically viable? It’s usually the market making that determination,” said Robert Stoll, who retired as the nation’s patent commissioner in 2011 before joining a private practice.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Stoll said such a move would do its own damage to the economy, and the nation would be better off filing patent applications in foreign countries and taking China or other violators before the World Trade Organization if they fail to honor intellectual property agreements now in place.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Tom Culligan, legislative director for Wolf, countered that achieving recourse from the World Trade Organization can take far too long. The congressman’s goal was, first, to review secrecy orders in general after years of inattention from Congress and, second, to force the federal government to examine how strong present protections are for America’s most important ideas, Culligan said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“We just wanted to start a conversation. We weren’t necessarily prescribing a solution,” he said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Under the law, an inventor can seek compensation if defense agencies choose to use the idea or if the applicant can prove damages were suffered by not being permitted to take it to the marketplace. But the process for doing so is arduous, economist Choate said. Among other things, evidence confirming the government simply took an inventor’s idea could itself be considered secret.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Steven Hoffberg has handled one secrecy order in his 23 years as an intellectual property attorney. But that order was enough to threaten his client’s idea for a technology that could detect objects, including, potentially, stealth aircraft.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Hoffberg’s client, James Greer of Alabama, lived under a secrecy order for eight years after his application was filed in 2000. During that time, it would have been a challenge to explore whether the idea could be exported to strategic allies of the United States as an anti-stealth technology, let alone identify possibilities outside of the defense community. Those possibilities included object tracking for “smarter” highways of the future and next-generation communications.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Hoffberg argues that it was unjustified for the order to be in place for such a long period of time and that at least by 2004, the application would not have given adversaries a strategic advantage.\u003cbr>\n\u003cstrong>\u003cbr>\n‘No Value’\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“They kept us from fulfilling the purpose of the patent, which was to make an investment to bring a product to market,” Hoffberg said. “ … If the government wasn’t going to buy the product from us and wasn’t going to let us sell it commercially, we basically had no value.”\u003cbr>\nChoate and others want the government to stop publishing applications until a formal patent is issued, and if the application is denied, they want it destroyed so the inventor has a chance to try again or guard it as a trade secret and ultimately reap the rewards before it’s stolen.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>When it comes to secrecy orders, many of the technologies were backed by defense agencies to begin with. So it’s less of a surprise if such an order exists for the technical components of a nuclear weapons system, for example.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But dozens of so-called “John Doe” secrecy orders are issued each year, affecting private individuals and businesses that might never enjoy a payoff from their invention, even though the government has no explicit interest in the technology. John Doe orders reached a high of almost 100 in 1998, though the annual number has declined in the new millennium, according to the Federation of American Scientists.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>So is the next Google hiding behind a secrecy order? It seems highly unlikely, but because of the shroud of secrecy, no one can know for sure, said science historian Alex Wellerstein.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>He said even one hidden technology carrying possible benefits for society that are not defense-related is enough to undermine the purpose of patents – encouraging invention. He and other experts want at least the criteria used for issuing secrecy orders made public.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“The law says it just has to be detrimental to national security, which is vague,” Wellerstein said. “That doesn’t mean anything. It’d be nice if you had to actually pass (the patent application) to people who have business experience, not just people who make weapons and have a tendency of seeing lots of things as dangerous.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>This story was edited by Robert Salladay and copy edited by Nikki Frick and Christine Lee.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The independent, nonprofit Center for Investigative Reporting is the country’s largest investigative reporting team. For more, visit www.cironline.org. Schulz can be reached at gwschulz@cironline.org.\u003c/p>\n\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>",
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"content": "\u003cp>After two explosions rocked the finish line of the Boston Marathon Monday, killing at least two and injuring dozens, California law enforcement and emergency officials are monitoring the situation and how it relates to California.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_94295\" class=\"wp-caption alignleft\" style=\"max-width: 300px\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/news/2013/04/15/after-boston-marathon-explosions-california-officials-examine-security-at-home/multiple-people-injured-after-explosions-near-finish-line-at-boston-marathon-2/\" rel=\"attachment wp-att-94295\">\u003cimg class=\"size-medium wp-image-94295\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2013/04/166665912-300x195.jpg\" alt=\"A man is loaded into an ambulance after he was injured by one of two bombs exploded during the 117th Boston Marathon. (Jim Rogash/Getty Images)\" width=\"300\" height=\"195\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">A man is loaded into an ambulance after he was injured by one of two bombs exploded during the 117th Boston Marathon. (Jim Rogash/Getty Images)\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>California's State Threat Assessment Center, which comprises the governor's office, California Highway Patrol, the California Emergency Management Agency and the California Department of Justice, is searching for ties to any activity in California.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"This event has got all of our fusion centers ... diligently combing through information and looking at the news reports,\" said Kelly Huston, the center's spokesman. \"At this point there isn’t anything from Boston that’s relevant to California, but we continue to be looking.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Bay Area police departments are also on heightened alert.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In San Francisco, officers near critical infrastructure and in crowded areas such as Union Square, Fisherman's Wharf and Market Street are remaining \"extra vigilant,\" said Officer Albie Esparza, spokesman for the San Francisco Police Department.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"There is no credible threat or any threat whatsoever in San Francisco at all,\" Esparza said. \"This is merely a safety precaution in response to what occurred in Boston.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In Oakland, police officers have been briefed and told to remain vigilant. The Oakland Police Department said in a press release that it will have extra officers at sporting events and that it is coordinating with the BART Police Department and the Alameda County Sheriff's Department.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Both departments also have put out calls to the public, urging people to call 911 or approach a uniformed officer if they see something suspicious.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>With San Francisco's Bay to Breakers scheduled for May 19, the city is taking extra precautions. SFPD will be working with organizers and analyzing the security situation in Boston to figure out what changes are needed.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Esparza said the department will be doing sweeps for bombs.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"We have our K-9s go around the area. They're trained highly in any type of bomb detection,\" he said. \"There's a possibility we can use some mechanical apparatuses that our bomb detection [team] has that we can also use.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp> \u003c/p>\n\n",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>After two explosions rocked the finish line of the Boston Marathon Monday, killing at least two and injuring dozens, California law enforcement and emergency officials are monitoring the situation and how it relates to California.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_94295\" class=\"wp-caption alignleft\" style=\"max-width: 300px\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/news/2013/04/15/after-boston-marathon-explosions-california-officials-examine-security-at-home/multiple-people-injured-after-explosions-near-finish-line-at-boston-marathon-2/\" rel=\"attachment wp-att-94295\">\u003cimg class=\"size-medium wp-image-94295\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2013/04/166665912-300x195.jpg\" alt=\"A man is loaded into an ambulance after he was injured by one of two bombs exploded during the 117th Boston Marathon. (Jim Rogash/Getty Images)\" width=\"300\" height=\"195\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">A man is loaded into an ambulance after he was injured by one of two bombs exploded during the 117th Boston Marathon. (Jim Rogash/Getty Images)\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>California's State Threat Assessment Center, which comprises the governor's office, California Highway Patrol, the California Emergency Management Agency and the California Department of Justice, is searching for ties to any activity in California.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"This event has got all of our fusion centers ... diligently combing through information and looking at the news reports,\" said Kelly Huston, the center's spokesman. \"At this point there isn’t anything from Boston that’s relevant to California, but we continue to be looking.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Bay Area police departments are also on heightened alert.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In San Francisco, officers near critical infrastructure and in crowded areas such as Union Square, Fisherman's Wharf and Market Street are remaining \"extra vigilant,\" said Officer Albie Esparza, spokesman for the San Francisco Police Department.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"There is no credible threat or any threat whatsoever in San Francisco at all,\" Esparza said. \"This is merely a safety precaution in response to what occurred in Boston.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In Oakland, police officers have been briefed and told to remain vigilant. The Oakland Police Department said in a press release that it will have extra officers at sporting events and that it is coordinating with the BART Police Department and the Alameda County Sheriff's Department.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Both departments also have put out calls to the public, urging people to call 911 or approach a uniformed officer if they see something suspicious.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>With San Francisco's Bay to Breakers scheduled for May 19, the city is taking extra precautions. SFPD will be working with organizers and analyzing the security situation in Boston to figure out what changes are needed.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Esparza said the department will be doing sweeps for bombs.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"We have our K-9s go around the area. They're trained highly in any type of bomb detection,\" he said. \"There's a possibility we can use some mechanical apparatuses that our bomb detection [team] has that we can also use.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp> \u003c/p>\n\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>",
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"disqusTitle": "(Updates) 3 Killed, More Than 170 Wounded in Boston Marathon Explosions",
"title": "(Updates) 3 Killed, More Than 170 Wounded in Boston Marathon Explosions",
"headTitle": "News Fix | KQED News",
"content": "\u003cp>Two explosions killed 3 people and injured more than 170 at the finish of the Boston Marathon on Monday.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>About 2,000 racers were participating from California with friends and family present, and several of these eye-witnesses gave us their \u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/news/2013/04/15/boston-marathon-blasts-bay-area-witnesses-share-their-stories/\" target=\"_blank\">accounts\u003c/a>. Among those injured was a \u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/news/2013/04/16/11-year-old-martinez-boy-injured-in-boston-bombings/\">boy from Martinez\u003c/a>, Calif.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The attack has prompted officials in \u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/news/2013/04/15/after-boston-marathon-explosions-california-officials-examine-security-at-home/\" target=\"_blank\">California to increase security\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Contact lines and numbers\u003c/strong>\u003cbr>\nBoston city line for friends and family of Boston Marathon attendees: 617-635-4500\u003cbr>\nTipline: 800-494-TIPS\u003c/p>\n\u003cul>\n\u003cli>You can look up racers by name and home town or state on the \u003ca href=\"http://baa.org/individual.html\" target=\"_blank\">Boston Marathon site. \u003c/a>(Similar information is displayed differently \u003ca href=\"http://raceday.baa.org/searchable-results.html\">here.)\u003c/a>\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>You can get information about the well-being of people who were at the marathon from the \u003ca href=\"http://www.redcross.org/find-help/contact-family/register-safe-listing\" target=\"_blank\">Red Cross\u003c/a>\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>You can search for people using the \u003ca href=\"http://google.org/personfinder/2013-boston-explosions/\" target=\"_blank\">Google Person Finder\u003c/a>\u003c/li>\n\u003c/ul>\n\u003cp>Ongoing coverage:\u003c/p>\n\u003cul>\n\u003cli>Boston's NPR station, \u003ca href=\"http://www.wbur.org/2013/04/16/fbi-seeks-images-in-boston-marathon-bomb-inquiry\" target=\"_blank\">WBUR\u003c/a>\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>\u003ca href=\"http://www.bostonglobe.com/\" target=\"_blank\">The Boston Globe\u003c/a>\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>\u003ca href=\"http://www.npr.org/blogs/thetwo-way/2013/04/16/177427130/boston-marathon-explosions-latest-developments\" target=\"_blank\">NPR\u003c/a>\u003c/li>\n\u003c/ul>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_94219\" class=\"wp-caption alignleft\" style=\"max-width: 300px\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/news/2013/04/15/2-explosions-hit-boston-marathon/explosions-at-117th-boston-marathon/\" rel=\"attachment wp-att-94219\">\u003cimg class=\"size-medium wp-image-94219\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2013/04/boston-marathon-explosions-300x267.jpg\" alt=\"The scene of the explosions at the Boston Marathon. (David L. Ryan/The Boston Globe via Getty Images)\" width=\"300\" height=\"267\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">The scene of the explosions at the Boston Marathon. (David L. Ryan/The Boston Globe via Getty Images)\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Update at 2:48 PM Pacific Time Tuesday:\u003c/strong>\u003cbr>\n\u003cem>by Eileen Sullivan and Jay Lindsay, The Associated Press\u003cbr>\n\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>BOSTON (AP) — The bombs that ripped through the Boston Marathon crowd appear to have been fashioned out of ordinary kitchen pressure cookers, packed with nails and other fiendishly lethal shrapnel, and hidden in duffel bags left on the ground, investigators and others close to the case said Tuesday.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>President Barack Obama branded the attack an act of terrorism, whether carried out by a solo bomber or group, and the FBI vowed to \"go to the ends of the Earth\" to find out who did it.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Scores of victims remained in Boston hospitals, many with grievous injuries, a day after the twin explosions near the marathon's finish line killed three people, wounded more than 170 and reawakened fears of terrorism. A 9-year-old girl and 10-year-old boy were among 17 victims listed in critical condition.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Officials found that the bombs consisted of explosives put in common 1.6-gallon pressure cookers, one containing shards of metal and ball bearings, the other packed with nails, according to a person close to the investigation who spoke on condition of anonymity because the investigation was still going on. Both bombs were stuffed into duffel bags, the person said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>At a news conference, FBI agent Richard DesLauriers, FBI agent in charge in Boston, confirmed that investigators had found pieces of black nylon from a bag or backpack and fragments of BBs and nails, possibly contained in a pressure cooker. He said the items were sent to the FBI for analysis at Quantico, Va.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Pressure-cooker explosives have been used in international terrorism, and have been recommended for lone-wolf operatives by Al-Qaida's branch in Yemen. But information on how to make the bombs is readily found online, and U.S. officials said Americans should not rush to judgment in linking the attack to overseas terrorists.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>DesLauriers said that there had been no claim of responsibility for the attack, and that the range of suspects and motives was \"wide open.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Throughout the day, he and other law enforcement authorities asked members of the public to come forward with any video or photos from the marathon or anything suspicious they might have witnessed, such as hearing someone express an interest in explosives or a desire to attack the marathon, or seeing someone carrying a dark heavy bag at the race.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"Someone knows who did this,\" the FBI agent said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The bombs exploded 10 or more seconds apart, tearing off victims' limbs and spattering streets with blood, instantly turning the festive race into a hellish scene of confusion, horror and heroics.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The blasts killed 8-year-old Martin Richard of Boston, 29-year-old Krystle Campbell of Medford, Mass., and a third victim, identified only as a graduate student at Boston University.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Doctors who treated the wounded corroborated reports that the bombs were packed with shrapnel intended to cause mayhem.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"We've removed BBs and we've removed nails from kids. One of the sickest things for me was just to see nails sticking out of a little girl's body,\" said Dr. David Mooney, director of the trauma center at Boston Children's Hospital.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>At Massachusetts General Hospital, all four amputations performed there were above the knee, with no hope of saving more of the legs, said Dr. George Velmahos, chief of trauma surgery.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"It wasn't a hard decision to make,\" he said. \"We just completed the ugly job that the bomb did.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Obama plans to visit Boston on Thursday to attend an interfaith service in honor of the victims. He has traveled four times to cities reeling from mass violence, most recently in December after the schoolhouse shooting in Newtown, Conn.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In the wake of the attack, security was stepped up around the White House and across the country. Police massed at federal buildings and transit centers in the nation's capital, critical response teams deployed in New York City, and security officers with bomb-sniffing dogs spread through Chicago's Union Station.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Homeland Security Secretary Janet Napolitano urged Americans \"to be vigilant and to listen to directions from state and local officials.\" But she said there was no evidence the bombings were part of a wider plot.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Pressure-cooker explosives have been used in Afghanistan, India, Nepal and Pakistan, according to a July 2010 intelligence report by the FBI and the Homeland Security Department. One of the three devices used in the May 2010 Times Square attempted bombing was a pressure cooker, the report said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"Placed carefully, such devices provide little or no indication of an impending attack,\" the report said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Investigators said they have not yet determined what was used to set off the Boston explosives. Typically, these bombs have an initiator, switch and explosive charge, according to a 2004 warning from Homeland Security.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"We will go to the ends of the Earth to identify the subject or subjects who are responsible for this despicable crime, and we will do everything we can to bring them to justice,\" the FBI's DesLauriers said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The Pakistani Taliban, which claimed responsibility for the 2010 attempt in Times Square, has denied any part in the Boston Marathon attack.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Al-Qaida's branch in Yemen gave a detailed description of how to make a bomb using a pressure cooker in a 2010 issue of Inspire, its English-language online publication aimed at would-be terrorists acting alone.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In a chapter titled \"Make a bomb in the kitchen of your mom,\" it says \"the pressurized cooker is the most effective method\" for making a simple bomb, and it provides directions.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Naser Jason Abdo, a former U.S. soldier, was sentenced to life in prison last year after being convicted of planning to use a pair of bombs made from pressure cookers in an attack on a Texas restaurant frequented by soldiers from nearby Fort Hood. He was found with the Inspire article.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Investigators are also combing surveillance tapes from businesses around the finish line and asking travelers at Boston's Logan Airport to share any photos or video that might help.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"This is probably one of the most photographed areas in the country yesterday,\" said Boston Police Commissioner Edward Davis. He said two security sweeps of the marathon route had been conducted before the bombing.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Boston police and firefighter unions announced a $50,000 reward for information leading to arrests.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Obama said officials do not know who carried out the attack or why — \"whether it was planned and executed by a terrorist organization, foreign or domestic, or was the act of a malevolent individual.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad floatright]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But he said \"any time bombs are used to target innocent civilians, it is an act of terror.\" And he declared: \"The American people refuse to be terrorized.\"\u003c/p>\n\n",
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"title": "(Updates) 3 Killed, More Than 170 Wounded in Boston Marathon Explosions | KQED",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>Two explosions killed 3 people and injured more than 170 at the finish of the Boston Marathon on Monday.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>About 2,000 racers were participating from California with friends and family present, and several of these eye-witnesses gave us their \u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/news/2013/04/15/boston-marathon-blasts-bay-area-witnesses-share-their-stories/\" target=\"_blank\">accounts\u003c/a>. Among those injured was a \u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/news/2013/04/16/11-year-old-martinez-boy-injured-in-boston-bombings/\">boy from Martinez\u003c/a>, Calif.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The attack has prompted officials in \u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/news/2013/04/15/after-boston-marathon-explosions-california-officials-examine-security-at-home/\" target=\"_blank\">California to increase security\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Contact lines and numbers\u003c/strong>\u003cbr>\nBoston city line for friends and family of Boston Marathon attendees: 617-635-4500\u003cbr>\nTipline: 800-494-TIPS\u003c/p>\n\u003cul>\n\u003cli>You can look up racers by name and home town or state on the \u003ca href=\"http://baa.org/individual.html\" target=\"_blank\">Boston Marathon site. \u003c/a>(Similar information is displayed differently \u003ca href=\"http://raceday.baa.org/searchable-results.html\">here.)\u003c/a>\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>You can get information about the well-being of people who were at the marathon from the \u003ca href=\"http://www.redcross.org/find-help/contact-family/register-safe-listing\" target=\"_blank\">Red Cross\u003c/a>\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>You can search for people using the \u003ca href=\"http://google.org/personfinder/2013-boston-explosions/\" target=\"_blank\">Google Person Finder\u003c/a>\u003c/li>\n\u003c/ul>\n\u003cp>Ongoing coverage:\u003c/p>\n\u003cul>\n\u003cli>Boston's NPR station, \u003ca href=\"http://www.wbur.org/2013/04/16/fbi-seeks-images-in-boston-marathon-bomb-inquiry\" target=\"_blank\">WBUR\u003c/a>\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>\u003ca href=\"http://www.bostonglobe.com/\" target=\"_blank\">The Boston Globe\u003c/a>\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>\u003ca href=\"http://www.npr.org/blogs/thetwo-way/2013/04/16/177427130/boston-marathon-explosions-latest-developments\" target=\"_blank\">NPR\u003c/a>\u003c/li>\n\u003c/ul>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_94219\" class=\"wp-caption alignleft\" style=\"max-width: 300px\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/news/2013/04/15/2-explosions-hit-boston-marathon/explosions-at-117th-boston-marathon/\" rel=\"attachment wp-att-94219\">\u003cimg class=\"size-medium wp-image-94219\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2013/04/boston-marathon-explosions-300x267.jpg\" alt=\"The scene of the explosions at the Boston Marathon. (David L. Ryan/The Boston Globe via Getty Images)\" width=\"300\" height=\"267\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">The scene of the explosions at the Boston Marathon. (David L. Ryan/The Boston Globe via Getty Images)\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Update at 2:48 PM Pacific Time Tuesday:\u003c/strong>\u003cbr>\n\u003cem>by Eileen Sullivan and Jay Lindsay, The Associated Press\u003cbr>\n\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>BOSTON (AP) — The bombs that ripped through the Boston Marathon crowd appear to have been fashioned out of ordinary kitchen pressure cookers, packed with nails and other fiendishly lethal shrapnel, and hidden in duffel bags left on the ground, investigators and others close to the case said Tuesday.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>President Barack Obama branded the attack an act of terrorism, whether carried out by a solo bomber or group, and the FBI vowed to \"go to the ends of the Earth\" to find out who did it.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Scores of victims remained in Boston hospitals, many with grievous injuries, a day after the twin explosions near the marathon's finish line killed three people, wounded more than 170 and reawakened fears of terrorism. A 9-year-old girl and 10-year-old boy were among 17 victims listed in critical condition.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Officials found that the bombs consisted of explosives put in common 1.6-gallon pressure cookers, one containing shards of metal and ball bearings, the other packed with nails, according to a person close to the investigation who spoke on condition of anonymity because the investigation was still going on. Both bombs were stuffed into duffel bags, the person said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>At a news conference, FBI agent Richard DesLauriers, FBI agent in charge in Boston, confirmed that investigators had found pieces of black nylon from a bag or backpack and fragments of BBs and nails, possibly contained in a pressure cooker. He said the items were sent to the FBI for analysis at Quantico, Va.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Pressure-cooker explosives have been used in international terrorism, and have been recommended for lone-wolf operatives by Al-Qaida's branch in Yemen. But information on how to make the bombs is readily found online, and U.S. officials said Americans should not rush to judgment in linking the attack to overseas terrorists.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>DesLauriers said that there had been no claim of responsibility for the attack, and that the range of suspects and motives was \"wide open.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Throughout the day, he and other law enforcement authorities asked members of the public to come forward with any video or photos from the marathon or anything suspicious they might have witnessed, such as hearing someone express an interest in explosives or a desire to attack the marathon, or seeing someone carrying a dark heavy bag at the race.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"Someone knows who did this,\" the FBI agent said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The bombs exploded 10 or more seconds apart, tearing off victims' limbs and spattering streets with blood, instantly turning the festive race into a hellish scene of confusion, horror and heroics.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The blasts killed 8-year-old Martin Richard of Boston, 29-year-old Krystle Campbell of Medford, Mass., and a third victim, identified only as a graduate student at Boston University.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Doctors who treated the wounded corroborated reports that the bombs were packed with shrapnel intended to cause mayhem.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"We've removed BBs and we've removed nails from kids. One of the sickest things for me was just to see nails sticking out of a little girl's body,\" said Dr. David Mooney, director of the trauma center at Boston Children's Hospital.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>At Massachusetts General Hospital, all four amputations performed there were above the knee, with no hope of saving more of the legs, said Dr. George Velmahos, chief of trauma surgery.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"It wasn't a hard decision to make,\" he said. \"We just completed the ugly job that the bomb did.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Obama plans to visit Boston on Thursday to attend an interfaith service in honor of the victims. He has traveled four times to cities reeling from mass violence, most recently in December after the schoolhouse shooting in Newtown, Conn.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In the wake of the attack, security was stepped up around the White House and across the country. Police massed at federal buildings and transit centers in the nation's capital, critical response teams deployed in New York City, and security officers with bomb-sniffing dogs spread through Chicago's Union Station.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Homeland Security Secretary Janet Napolitano urged Americans \"to be vigilant and to listen to directions from state and local officials.\" But she said there was no evidence the bombings were part of a wider plot.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Pressure-cooker explosives have been used in Afghanistan, India, Nepal and Pakistan, according to a July 2010 intelligence report by the FBI and the Homeland Security Department. One of the three devices used in the May 2010 Times Square attempted bombing was a pressure cooker, the report said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"Placed carefully, such devices provide little or no indication of an impending attack,\" the report said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Investigators said they have not yet determined what was used to set off the Boston explosives. Typically, these bombs have an initiator, switch and explosive charge, according to a 2004 warning from Homeland Security.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"We will go to the ends of the Earth to identify the subject or subjects who are responsible for this despicable crime, and we will do everything we can to bring them to justice,\" the FBI's DesLauriers said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The Pakistani Taliban, which claimed responsibility for the 2010 attempt in Times Square, has denied any part in the Boston Marathon attack.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Al-Qaida's branch in Yemen gave a detailed description of how to make a bomb using a pressure cooker in a 2010 issue of Inspire, its English-language online publication aimed at would-be terrorists acting alone.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In a chapter titled \"Make a bomb in the kitchen of your mom,\" it says \"the pressurized cooker is the most effective method\" for making a simple bomb, and it provides directions.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Naser Jason Abdo, a former U.S. soldier, was sentenced to life in prison last year after being convicted of planning to use a pair of bombs made from pressure cookers in an attack on a Texas restaurant frequented by soldiers from nearby Fort Hood. He was found with the Inspire article.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Investigators are also combing surveillance tapes from businesses around the finish line and asking travelers at Boston's Logan Airport to share any photos or video that might help.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"This is probably one of the most photographed areas in the country yesterday,\" said Boston Police Commissioner Edward Davis. He said two security sweeps of the marathon route had been conducted before the bombing.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Boston police and firefighter unions announced a $50,000 reward for information leading to arrests.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Obama said officials do not know who carried out the attack or why — \"whether it was planned and executed by a terrorist organization, foreign or domestic, or was the act of a malevolent individual.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But he said \"any time bombs are used to target innocent civilians, it is an act of terror.\" And he declared: \"The American people refuse to be terrorized.\"\u003c/p>\n\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>",
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"slug": "draft-why-oakland-firefighters-are-tweeting-fire-photos",
"title": "Why Oakland Firefighters Are Tweeting Fire Photos",
"publishDate": 1365940838,
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"headTitle": "Why Oakland Firefighters Are Tweeting Fire Photos | KQED",
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"content": "\u003cp>I glanced at my Twitter feed the other day and did a double take. Flame was erupting from a house in Oakland in a photograph tweeted by OaklandFireLive. Another photo showed firefighters on the roof of the building, smoke billowing around them.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>For a moment it looked like a new social media extreme: firefighters pausing in the midst of a conflagration to update the world on their status.\u003c/p>\n\u003cblockquote class=\"twitter-tweet\">\u003cp>E27, E29 making entry, Hunter Ct.\u003ca href=\"https://twitter.com/search/%23oaklandfire\">#oaklandfire\u003c/a> \u003ca href=\"https://twitter.com/search/%23structurefire\">#structurefire\u003c/a> \u003ca title=\"http://twitter.com/OaklandFireLive/status/311142412506525697/photo/1\" href=\"http://t.co/zXTomcdCGL\">twitter.com/OaklandFireLiv…\u003c/a>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>— Oakland Firefighters (@OaklandFireLive) \u003ca href=\"https://twitter.com/OaklandFireLive/status/311142412506525697\">March 11, 2013\u003c/a>\u003c/p>\u003c/blockquote>\n\u003cp>But Chief of Staff Cynthia Perkins assured me that Oakland firefighters are definitely not thumbing their iPhones while the city burns: “The Oakland Fire Department doesn’t have a Twitter account. And I can’t imagine that it was an actual line firefighter who was tweeting.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Looking further, I found that it wasn’t. At least not exactly. But the incident illustrates the complex issues that are popping up as social media finds its way into the hands of emergency responders.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The initial tweet came from what firefighters call a “fire buff,” Chuck Garcia, president of the International Association of Firefighters, Local 55, told me. That’s a civilian who listens to radio scanners and then dashes out to the scene of the emergency to snap photos.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The fire buff apparently sent the photo to a firefighter sitting in a firehouse somewhere else in Oakland, who tweeted it out on the union’s account.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“We thought maybe we could get our message out to people who didn’t know what we do,” Garcia said. “We want them to know we’re working hard to protect them and their property, and we’re very good at what we do.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>So what’s next? Will the California Highway Patrol tweet about whom it stops along the highway?\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Actually, yes:\u003c/p>\n\u003cblockquote class=\"twitter-tweet\">\u003cp>The registration is paid.Sgt. Japay warns that a current year tab is still needed & to make a DMV appointment on line \u003ca title=\"http://twitter.com/CHP_GoldenGate/status/313810195321061376/photo/1\" href=\"http://t.co/D7rGFZ1arh\">twitter.com/CHP_GoldenGate…\u003c/a>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>— CHP Golden Gate (@CHP_GoldenGate) \u003ca href=\"https://twitter.com/CHP_GoldenGate/status/313810195321061376\">March 19, 2013\u003c/a>\u003c/p>\u003c/blockquote>\n\u003cp>The tweet was part of a virtual ride-along that the Golden Gate division’s spokeswoman, Diana McDermott, organized, sending out tweets that portrayed a few hours on the job for a patrol officer.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“I wanted people to know that we are out working on our beats even when we’re not visible to them,” McDermott said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>She has found Twitter useful for a lot of other things as well. “It’s a quick medium to get information out immediately, and an important part of what we do for education,” she said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>For example, on Aug. 6, 2012, when a \u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/news/2012/08/06/chevron-refinery-fire-shelter-in-place-for-richmond-north-richmond-and-san-pablo-residents/\">fire at the Chevron refinery\u003c/a> in Richmond sent a column of smoke into the air, McDermott tweeted that people who were planning to drive through the area should keep their windows shut. She also has tweeted about laws concerning car seats and about how to properly tie a kayak to your car.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Social media can even help solve crimes. San Francisco police were able to recover a bicycle stolen from a child with special needs by posting a photo on the department’s Facebook page. Someone recognized it and called the police with the location.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_94191\" class=\"wp-caption alignright\" style=\"max-width: 225px\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/news/2013/04/14/draft-why-oakland-firefighters-are-tweeting-fire-photos/chevron-fire-7/\" rel=\"attachment wp-att-94191\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-full wp-image-94191 \" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2013/04/Chevron-fire1.jpg\" alt=\"Diane McDermott of the California Highway Patrol tweeted warnings about the Aug. 6, 2012 fire at a Chevron refinery in Richmond.\" width=\"225\" height=\"300\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Diane McDermott of the California Highway Patrol tweeted warnings about the Aug. 6, 2012 fire at a Chevron refinery in Richmond. (Aarti Shahani/KQED)\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>“We know that some people don’t get their news from TV or radio,” said Wilson Ng, who manages social media for the SFPD. “Social media is where they get their news.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In a more dramatic example, \u003ca href=\"http://www.cresa911.org/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Clark Regional Emergency Services\u003c/a> in Vancouver, Wash., mobilized citizens to find an elderly woman who had disappeared. More than 20,000 people shared information until finally someone discovered she had fainted behind a bush.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Social media are potentially valuable in a natural disaster, said Clark Emergency Manager Cheryl Bledsoe, who set up a \u003ca title=\"http://www.sm4em.org/\" href=\"http://www.sm4em.org/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">website \u003c/a>on the topic of social media in her profession.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Not only can emergency agencies get alerts out quickly, they can also collect information about how crises are unfolding. “We can highlight problems and focus on them,” she said. “For example, in a flood we can find out that people need sandbags in a particular area. It’s all about gauging sentiment. If the public is really concerned about something, then we know we need to get more information out.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But use of social media comes with risks as well, Bledsoe said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cul>\n\u003cli>It takes time to keep Facebook, Twitter, YouTube and other accounts up to date, time that could be used for other crucial emergency services.\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>A photo could reveal the identity of someone being arrested or having a medical emergency, potentially violating their privacy. (In the ride-along, McDermott was careful not to tweet an image showing the drivers’ faces or license plates.)\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>There are legal ramifications to any statement that government employees make.\u003c/li>\n\u003c/ul>\n\u003cp>And there’s a risk of publicly disclosing sensitive information. That problem cropped up in 2011 during the Occupy demonstrations when protesters gleaned strategic information about the police officers trying to control them.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“There were incidents where officers were Facebooking or tweeting about their plans,” said Officer Albie Esparza of the San Francisco Police Department.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The officers were just trying to communicate with their friends and family about work hours, SFPD Police Chief Greg Suhr told\u003ca href=\"http://www.ktvu.com/videos/news/san-francisco-police-department-to-set-social/vFkFy/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"> KTVU\u003c/a>. The department planned to create a social media policy, according to that report.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But so far it only has general guidelines, Esparza said. “The wisest thing is not to post anything about the department.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Rank-and-file emergency responders may have their reasons to talk about their work online, however. For example, Garcia of the Oakland Fire Department said his union has successfully used a blog to get out its message about negotiations on its retirement plan.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But he, too, has experienced a downside to social media: a \u003ca href=\"http://firechiefgeraldasimon.com/Declaration_of_Disgrace.html\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">blog\u003c/a> with crude criticisms of him and other Oakland firefighters is the first hit that pops up if you Google him. Garcia and others have tried without success to get the site taken down.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad floatright]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“That’s the only thing I don’t like,” he said. “It helps you, but it definitely can hurt you.”\u003c/p>\n\n",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>I glanced at my Twitter feed the other day and did a double take. Flame was erupting from a house in Oakland in a photograph tweeted by OaklandFireLive. Another photo showed firefighters on the roof of the building, smoke billowing around them.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>For a moment it looked like a new social media extreme: firefighters pausing in the midst of a conflagration to update the world on their status.\u003c/p>\n\u003cblockquote class=\"twitter-tweet\">\u003cp>E27, E29 making entry, Hunter Ct.\u003ca href=\"https://twitter.com/search/%23oaklandfire\">#oaklandfire\u003c/a> \u003ca href=\"https://twitter.com/search/%23structurefire\">#structurefire\u003c/a> \u003ca title=\"http://twitter.com/OaklandFireLive/status/311142412506525697/photo/1\" href=\"http://t.co/zXTomcdCGL\">twitter.com/OaklandFireLiv…\u003c/a>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>— Oakland Firefighters (@OaklandFireLive) \u003ca href=\"https://twitter.com/OaklandFireLive/status/311142412506525697\">March 11, 2013\u003c/a>\u003c/p>\u003c/blockquote>\n\u003cp>But Chief of Staff Cynthia Perkins assured me that Oakland firefighters are definitely not thumbing their iPhones while the city burns: “The Oakland Fire Department doesn’t have a Twitter account. And I can’t imagine that it was an actual line firefighter who was tweeting.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Looking further, I found that it wasn’t. At least not exactly. But the incident illustrates the complex issues that are popping up as social media finds its way into the hands of emergency responders.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The initial tweet came from what firefighters call a “fire buff,” Chuck Garcia, president of the International Association of Firefighters, Local 55, told me. That’s a civilian who listens to radio scanners and then dashes out to the scene of the emergency to snap photos.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The fire buff apparently sent the photo to a firefighter sitting in a firehouse somewhere else in Oakland, who tweeted it out on the union’s account.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“We thought maybe we could get our message out to people who didn’t know what we do,” Garcia said. “We want them to know we’re working hard to protect them and their property, and we’re very good at what we do.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>So what’s next? Will the California Highway Patrol tweet about whom it stops along the highway?\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Actually, yes:\u003c/p>\n\u003cblockquote class=\"twitter-tweet\">\u003cp>The registration is paid.Sgt. Japay warns that a current year tab is still needed & to make a DMV appointment on line \u003ca title=\"http://twitter.com/CHP_GoldenGate/status/313810195321061376/photo/1\" href=\"http://t.co/D7rGFZ1arh\">twitter.com/CHP_GoldenGate…\u003c/a>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>— CHP Golden Gate (@CHP_GoldenGate) \u003ca href=\"https://twitter.com/CHP_GoldenGate/status/313810195321061376\">March 19, 2013\u003c/a>\u003c/p>\u003c/blockquote>\n\u003cp>The tweet was part of a virtual ride-along that the Golden Gate division’s spokeswoman, Diana McDermott, organized, sending out tweets that portrayed a few hours on the job for a patrol officer.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“I wanted people to know that we are out working on our beats even when we’re not visible to them,” McDermott said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>She has found Twitter useful for a lot of other things as well. “It’s a quick medium to get information out immediately, and an important part of what we do for education,” she said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>For example, on Aug. 6, 2012, when a \u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/news/2012/08/06/chevron-refinery-fire-shelter-in-place-for-richmond-north-richmond-and-san-pablo-residents/\">fire at the Chevron refinery\u003c/a> in Richmond sent a column of smoke into the air, McDermott tweeted that people who were planning to drive through the area should keep their windows shut. She also has tweeted about laws concerning car seats and about how to properly tie a kayak to your car.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Social media can even help solve crimes. San Francisco police were able to recover a bicycle stolen from a child with special needs by posting a photo on the department’s Facebook page. Someone recognized it and called the police with the location.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_94191\" class=\"wp-caption alignright\" style=\"max-width: 225px\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/news/2013/04/14/draft-why-oakland-firefighters-are-tweeting-fire-photos/chevron-fire-7/\" rel=\"attachment wp-att-94191\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-full wp-image-94191 \" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2013/04/Chevron-fire1.jpg\" alt=\"Diane McDermott of the California Highway Patrol tweeted warnings about the Aug. 6, 2012 fire at a Chevron refinery in Richmond.\" width=\"225\" height=\"300\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Diane McDermott of the California Highway Patrol tweeted warnings about the Aug. 6, 2012 fire at a Chevron refinery in Richmond. (Aarti Shahani/KQED)\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>“We know that some people don’t get their news from TV or radio,” said Wilson Ng, who manages social media for the SFPD. “Social media is where they get their news.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In a more dramatic example, \u003ca href=\"http://www.cresa911.org/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Clark Regional Emergency Services\u003c/a> in Vancouver, Wash., mobilized citizens to find an elderly woman who had disappeared. More than 20,000 people shared information until finally someone discovered she had fainted behind a bush.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Social media are potentially valuable in a natural disaster, said Clark Emergency Manager Cheryl Bledsoe, who set up a \u003ca title=\"http://www.sm4em.org/\" href=\"http://www.sm4em.org/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">website \u003c/a>on the topic of social media in her profession.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Not only can emergency agencies get alerts out quickly, they can also collect information about how crises are unfolding. “We can highlight problems and focus on them,” she said. “For example, in a flood we can find out that people need sandbags in a particular area. It’s all about gauging sentiment. If the public is really concerned about something, then we know we need to get more information out.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But use of social media comes with risks as well, Bledsoe said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cul>\n\u003cli>It takes time to keep Facebook, Twitter, YouTube and other accounts up to date, time that could be used for other crucial emergency services.\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>A photo could reveal the identity of someone being arrested or having a medical emergency, potentially violating their privacy. (In the ride-along, McDermott was careful not to tweet an image showing the drivers’ faces or license plates.)\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>There are legal ramifications to any statement that government employees make.\u003c/li>\n\u003c/ul>\n\u003cp>And there’s a risk of publicly disclosing sensitive information. That problem cropped up in 2011 during the Occupy demonstrations when protesters gleaned strategic information about the police officers trying to control them.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“There were incidents where officers were Facebooking or tweeting about their plans,” said Officer Albie Esparza of the San Francisco Police Department.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The officers were just trying to communicate with their friends and family about work hours, SFPD Police Chief Greg Suhr told\u003ca href=\"http://www.ktvu.com/videos/news/san-francisco-police-department-to-set-social/vFkFy/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"> KTVU\u003c/a>. The department planned to create a social media policy, according to that report.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But so far it only has general guidelines, Esparza said. “The wisest thing is not to post anything about the department.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Rank-and-file emergency responders may have their reasons to talk about their work online, however. For example, Garcia of the Oakland Fire Department said his union has successfully used a blog to get out its message about negotiations on its retirement plan.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But he, too, has experienced a downside to social media: a \u003ca href=\"http://firechiefgeraldasimon.com/Declaration_of_Disgrace.html\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">blog\u003c/a> with crude criticisms of him and other Oakland firefighters is the first hit that pops up if you Google him. Garcia and others have tried without success to get the site taken down.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"order": 10
},
"link": "/californiareportmagazine",
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"google": "https://podcasts.google.com/feed/aHR0cHM6Ly9mZWVkcy5tZWdhcGhvbmUuZm0vS1FJTkM3NjkwNjk1OTAz",
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},
"city-arts": {
"id": "city-arts",
"title": "City Arts & Lectures",
"info": "A one-hour radio program to hear celebrated writers, artists and thinkers address contemporary ideas and values, often discussing the creative process. Please note: tapes or transcripts are not available",
"imageSrc": "https://ww2.kqed.org/radio/wp-content/uploads/sites/50/2018/05/cityartsandlecture-300x300.jpg",
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"airtime": "SUN 1pm-2pm, TUE 10pm, WED 1am",
"meta": {
"site": "news",
"source": "City Arts & Lectures"
},
"link": "https://www.cityarts.net",
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"rss": "https://www.cityarts.net/feed/"
}
},
"closealltabs": {
"id": "closealltabs",
"title": "Close All Tabs",
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"info": "Close All Tabs breaks down how digital culture shapes our world through thoughtful insights and irreverent humor.",
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"officialWebsiteLink": "/podcasts/closealltabs",
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"order": 1
},
"link": "/podcasts/closealltabs",
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"id": "code-switch-life-kit",
"title": "Code Switch / Life Kit",
"info": "\u003cem>Code Switch\u003c/em>, which listeners will hear in the first part of the hour, has fearless and much-needed conversations about race. Hosted by journalists of color, the show tackles the subject of race head-on, exploring how it impacts every part of society — from politics and pop culture to history, sports and more.\u003cbr />\u003cbr />\u003cem>Life Kit\u003c/em>, which will be in the second part of the hour, guides you through spaces and feelings no one prepares you for — from finances to mental health, from workplace microaggressions to imposter syndrome, from relationships to parenting. The show features experts with real world experience and shares their knowledge. Because everyone needs a little help being human.\u003cbr />\u003cbr />\u003ca href=\"https://www.npr.org/podcasts/510312/codeswitch\">\u003cem>Code Switch\u003c/em> offical site and podcast\u003c/a>\u003cbr />\u003ca href=\"https://www.npr.org/lifekit\">\u003cem>Life Kit\u003c/em> offical site and podcast\u003c/a>\u003cbr />",
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"meta": {
"site": "radio",
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},
"link": "/radio/program/code-switch-life-kit",
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"google": "https://podcasts.google.com/feed/aHR0cHM6Ly93d3cubnByLm9yZy9yc3MvcG9kY2FzdC5waHA_aWQ9NTEwMzEy",
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"id": "commonwealth-club",
"title": "Commonwealth Club of California Podcast",
"info": "The Commonwealth Club of California is the nation's oldest and largest public affairs forum. As a non-partisan forum, The Club brings to the public airwaves diverse viewpoints on important topics. The Club's weekly radio broadcast - the oldest in the U.S., dating back to 1924 - is carried across the nation on public radio stations and is now podcasting. Our website archive features audio of our recent programs, as well as selected speeches from our long and distinguished history. This podcast feed is usually updated twice a week and is always un-edited.",
"airtime": "THU 10pm, FRI 1am",
"imageSrc": "https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/04/Commonwealth-Club-Podcast-Tile-360x360-1.jpg",
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"meta": {
"site": "news",
"source": "Commonwealth Club of California"
},
"link": "/radio/program/commonwealth-club",
"subscribe": {
"apple": "https://itunes.apple.com/us/podcast/commonwealth-club-of-california-podcast/id976334034?mt=2",
"google": "https://podcasts.google.com/feed/aHR0cDovL3d3dy5jb21tb253ZWFsdGhjbHViLm9yZy9hdWRpby9wb2RjYXN0L3dlZWtseS54bWw",
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}
},
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"id": "forum",
"title": "Forum",
"tagline": "The conversation starts here",
"info": "KQED’s live call-in program discussing local, state, national and international issues, as well as in-depth interviews.",
"airtime": "MON-FRI 9am-11am, 10pm-11pm",
"imageSrc": "https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/04/Forum-Podcast-Tile-703x703-1.jpg",
"imageAlt": "KQED Forum with Mina Kim and Alexis Madrigal",
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"meta": {
"site": "news",
"source": "kqed",
"order": 9
},
"link": "/forum",
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"apple": "https://podcasts.apple.com/us/podcast/kqeds-forum/id73329719",
"google": "https://podcasts.google.com/feed/aHR0cHM6Ly9mZWVkcy5tZWdhcGhvbmUuZm0vS1FJTkM5NTU3MzgxNjMz",
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"id": "freakonomics-radio",
"title": "Freakonomics Radio",
"info": "Freakonomics Radio is a one-hour award-winning podcast and public-radio project hosted by Stephen Dubner, with co-author Steve Levitt as a regular guest. It is produced in partnership with WNYC.",
"imageSrc": "https://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2018/05/freakonomicsRadio.png",
"officialWebsiteLink": "http://freakonomics.com/",
"airtime": "SUN 1am-2am, SAT 3pm-4pm",
"meta": {
"site": "radio",
"source": "WNYC"
},
"link": "/radio/program/freakonomics-radio",
"subscribe": {
"npr": "https://rpb3r.app.goo.gl/4s8b",
"apple": "https://itunes.apple.com/us/podcast/freakonomics-radio/id354668519",
"tuneIn": "https://tunein.com/podcasts/WNYC-Podcasts/Freakonomics-Radio-p272293/",
"rss": "https://feeds.feedburner.com/freakonomicsradio"
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},
"fresh-air": {
"id": "fresh-air",
"title": "Fresh Air",
"info": "Hosted by Terry Gross, \u003cem>Fresh Air from WHYY\u003c/em> is the Peabody Award-winning weekday magazine of contemporary arts and issues. One of public radio's most popular programs, Fresh Air features intimate conversations with today's biggest luminaries.",
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"link": "/radio/program/fresh-air",
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"apple": "https://itunes.apple.com/WebObjects/MZStore.woa/wa/viewPodcast?s=143441&mt=2&id=214089682&at=11l79Y&ct=nprdirectory",
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"rss": "https://feeds.npr.org/381444908/podcast.xml"
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"here-and-now": {
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"info": "A live production of NPR and WBUR Boston, in collaboration with stations across the country, Here & Now reflects the fluid world of news as it's happening in the middle of the day, with timely, in-depth news, interviews and conversation. Hosted by Robin Young, Jeremy Hobson and Tonya Mosley.",
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"rss": "https://feeds.npr.org/510051/podcast.xml"
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},
"hidden-brain": {
"id": "hidden-brain",
"title": "Hidden Brain",
"info": "Shankar Vedantam uses science and storytelling to reveal the unconscious patterns that drive human behavior, shape our choices and direct our relationships.",
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"officialWebsiteLink": "https://www.npr.org/series/423302056/hidden-brain",
"airtime": "SUN 7pm-8pm",
"meta": {
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"source": "NPR"
},
"link": "/radio/program/hidden-brain",
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},
"how-i-built-this": {
"id": "how-i-built-this",
"title": "How I Built This with Guy Raz",
"info": "Guy Raz dives into the stories behind some of the world's best known companies. How I Built This weaves a narrative journey about innovators, entrepreneurs and idealists—and the movements they built.",
"imageSrc": "https://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2018/05/howIBuiltThis.png",
"officialWebsiteLink": "https://www.npr.org/podcasts/510313/how-i-built-this",
"airtime": "SUN 7:30pm-8pm",
"meta": {
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"source": "npr"
},
"link": "/radio/program/how-i-built-this",
"subscribe": {
"npr": "https://rpb3r.app.goo.gl/3zxy",
"apple": "https://itunes.apple.com/us/podcast/how-i-built-this-with-guy-raz/id1150510297?mt=2",
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"rss": "https://feeds.npr.org/510313/podcast.xml"
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},
"hyphenacion": {
"id": "hyphenacion",
"title": "Hyphenación",
"tagline": "Where conversation and cultura meet",
"info": "What kind of no sabo word is Hyphenación? For us, it’s about living within a hyphenation. Like being a third-gen Mexican-American from the Texas border now living that Bay Area Chicano life. Like Xorje! Each week we bring together a couple of hyphenated Latinos to talk all about personal life choices: family, careers, relationships, belonging … everything is on the table. ",
"imageSrc": "https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2025/03/Hyphenacion_FinalAssets_PodcastTile.png",
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"officialWebsiteLink": "/podcasts/hyphenacion",
"meta": {
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"source": "kqed",
"order": 15
},
"link": "/podcasts/hyphenacion",
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"spotify": "https://open.spotify.com/show/2p3Fifq96nw9BPcmFdIq0o?si=39209f7b25774f38",
"youtube": "https://www.youtube.com/c/kqedarts",
"amazon": "https://music.amazon.com/podcasts/6c3dd23c-93fb-4aab-97ba-1725fa6315f1/hyphenaci%C3%B3n",
"rss": "https://feeds.megaphone.fm/KQINC2275451163"
}
},
"jerrybrown": {
"id": "jerrybrown",
"title": "The Political Mind of Jerry Brown",
"tagline": "Lessons from a lifetime in politics",
"info": "The Political Mind of Jerry Brown brings listeners the wisdom of the former Governor, Mayor, and presidential candidate. Scott Shafer interviewed Brown for more than 40 hours, covering the former governor's life and half-century in the political game – and Brown has some lessons he'd like to share. ",
"imageSrc": "https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/04/The-Political-Mind-of-Jerry-Brown-Podcast-Tile-703x703-1.jpg",
"imageAlt": "KQED The Political Mind of Jerry Brown",
"officialWebsiteLink": "/podcasts/jerrybrown",
"meta": {
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"source": "kqed",
"order": 18
},
"link": "/podcasts/jerrybrown",
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"apple": "https://itunes.apple.com/us/podcast/id1492194549",
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}
},
"latino-usa": {
"id": "latino-usa",
"title": "Latino USA",
"airtime": "MON 1am-2am, SUN 6pm-7pm",
"info": "Latino USA, the radio journal of news and culture, is the only national, English-language radio program produced from a Latino perspective.",
"imageSrc": "https://ww2.kqed.org/radio/wp-content/uploads/sites/50/2018/04/latinoUsa.jpg",
"officialWebsiteLink": "http://latinousa.org/",
"meta": {
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"source": "npr"
},
"link": "/radio/program/latino-usa",
"subscribe": {
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"apple": "https://itunes.apple.com/WebObjects/MZStore.woa/wa/viewPodcast?s=143441&mt=2&id=79681317&at=11l79Y&ct=nprdirectory",
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"rss": "https://feeds.npr.org/510016/podcast.xml"
}
},
"marketplace": {
"id": "marketplace",
"title": "Marketplace",
"info": "Our flagship program, helmed by Kai Ryssdal, examines what the day in money delivered, through stories, conversations, newsworthy numbers and more. Updated Monday through Friday at about 3:30 p.m. PT.",
"airtime": "MON-FRI 4pm-4:30pm, MON-WED 6:30pm-7pm",
"imageSrc": "https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/04/Marketplace-Podcast-Tile-360x360-1.jpg",
"officialWebsiteLink": "https://www.marketplace.org/",
"meta": {
"site": "news",
"source": "American Public Media"
},
"link": "/radio/program/marketplace",
"subscribe": {
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"rss": "https://feeds.publicradio.org/public_feeds/marketplace-pm/rss/rss"
}
},
"masters-of-scale": {
"id": "masters-of-scale",
"title": "Masters of Scale",
"info": "Masters of Scale is an original podcast in which LinkedIn co-founder and Greylock Partner Reid Hoffman sets out to describe and prove theories that explain how great entrepreneurs take their companies from zero to a gazillion in ingenious fashion.",
"airtime": "Every other Wednesday June 12 through October 16 at 8pm (repeats Thursdays at 2am)",
"imageSrc": "https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/04/Masters-of-Scale-Podcast-Tile-360x360-1.jpg",
"officialWebsiteLink": "https://mastersofscale.com/",
"meta": {
"site": "radio",
"source": "WaitWhat"
},
"link": "/radio/program/masters-of-scale",
"subscribe": {
"apple": "http://mastersofscale.app.link/",
"rss": "https://rss.art19.com/masters-of-scale"
}
},
"mindshift": {
"id": "mindshift",
"title": "MindShift",
"tagline": "A podcast about the future of learning and how we raise our kids",
"info": "The MindShift podcast explores the innovations in education that are shaping how kids learn. Hosts Ki Sung and Katrina Schwartz introduce listeners to educators, researchers, parents and students who are developing effective ways to improve how kids learn. We cover topics like how fed-up administrators are developing surprising tactics to deal with classroom disruptions; how listening to podcasts are helping kids develop reading skills; the consequences of overparenting; and why interdisciplinary learning can engage students on all ends of the traditional achievement spectrum. This podcast is part of the MindShift education site, a division of KQED News. KQED is an NPR/PBS member station based in San Francisco. You can also visit the MindShift website for episodes and supplemental blog posts or tweet us \u003ca href=\"https://twitter.com/MindShiftKQED\">@MindShiftKQED\u003c/a> or visit us at \u003ca href=\"/mindshift\">MindShift.KQED.org\u003c/a>",
"imageSrc": "https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/04/Mindshift-Podcast-Tile-703x703-1.jpg",
"imageAlt": "KQED MindShift: How We Will Learn",
"officialWebsiteLink": "/mindshift/",
"meta": {
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"source": "kqed",
"order": 12
},
"link": "/podcasts/mindshift",
"subscribe": {
"apple": "https://podcasts.apple.com/us/podcast/mindshift-podcast/id1078765985",
"google": "https://podcasts.google.com/feed/aHR0cHM6Ly9mZWVkcy5tZWdhcGhvbmUuZm0vS1FJTkM1NzY0NjAwNDI5",
"npr": "https://www.npr.org/podcasts/464615685/mind-shift-podcast",
"stitcher": "https://www.stitcher.com/podcast/kqed/stories-teachers-share",
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}
},
"morning-edition": {
"id": "morning-edition",
"title": "Morning Edition",
"info": "\u003cem>Morning Edition\u003c/em> takes listeners around the country and the world with multi-faceted stories and commentaries every weekday. Hosts Steve Inskeep, David Greene and Rachel Martin bring you the latest breaking news and features to prepare you for the day.",
"airtime": "MON-FRI 3am-9am",
"imageSrc": "https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/04/Morning-Edition-Podcast-Tile-360x360-1.jpg",
"officialWebsiteLink": "https://www.npr.org/programs/morning-edition/",
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"link": "/radio/program/morning-edition"
},
"onourwatch": {
"id": "onourwatch",
"title": "On Our Watch",
"tagline": "Deeply-reported investigative journalism",
"info": "For decades, the process for how police police themselves has been inconsistent – if not opaque. In some states, like California, these proceedings were completely hidden. After a new police transparency law unsealed scores of internal affairs files, our reporters set out to examine these cases and the shadow world of police discipline. On Our Watch brings listeners into the rooms where officers are questioned and witnesses are interrogated to find out who this system is really protecting. Is it the officers, or the public they've sworn to serve?",
"imageSrc": "https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/04/On-Our-Watch-Podcast-Tile-703x703-1.jpg",
"imageAlt": "On Our Watch from NPR and KQED",
"officialWebsiteLink": "/podcasts/onourwatch",
"meta": {
"site": "news",
"source": "kqed",
"order": 11
},
"link": "/podcasts/onourwatch",
"subscribe": {
"apple": "https://podcasts.apple.com/podcast/id1567098962",
"google": "https://podcasts.google.com/feed/aHR0cHM6Ly9mZWVkcy5ucHIub3JnLzUxMDM2MC9wb2RjYXN0LnhtbD9zYz1nb29nbGVwb2RjYXN0cw",
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"stitcher": "https://www.stitcher.com/show/on-our-watch",
"rss": "https://feeds.npr.org/510360/podcast.xml"
}
},
"on-the-media": {
"id": "on-the-media",
"title": "On The Media",
"info": "Our weekly podcast explores how the media 'sausage' is made, casts an incisive eye on fluctuations in the marketplace of ideas, and examines threats to the freedom of information and expression in America and abroad. For one hour a week, the show tries to lift the veil from the process of \"making media,\" especially news media, because it's through that lens that we see the world and the world sees us",
"airtime": "SUN 2pm-3pm, MON 12am-1am",
"imageSrc": "https://ww2.kqed.org/radio/wp-content/uploads/sites/50/2018/04/onTheMedia.png",
"officialWebsiteLink": "https://www.wnycstudios.org/shows/otm",
"meta": {
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"source": "wnyc"
},
"link": "/radio/program/on-the-media",
"subscribe": {
"apple": "https://itunes.apple.com/us/podcast/on-the-media/id73330715?mt=2",
"tuneIn": "https://tunein.com/radio/On-the-Media-p69/",
"rss": "http://feeds.wnyc.org/onthemedia"
}
},
"pbs-newshour": {
"id": "pbs-newshour",
"title": "PBS NewsHour",
"info": "Analysis, background reports and updates from the PBS NewsHour putting today's news in context.",
"airtime": "MON-FRI 3pm-4pm",
"imageSrc": "https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/04/PBS-News-Hour-Podcast-Tile-360x360-1.jpg",
"officialWebsiteLink": "https://www.pbs.org/newshour/",
"meta": {
"site": "news",
"source": "pbs"
},
"link": "/radio/program/pbs-newshour",
"subscribe": {
"apple": "https://itunes.apple.com/us/podcast/pbs-newshour-full-show/id394432287?mt=2",
"tuneIn": "https://tunein.com/radio/PBS-NewsHour---Full-Show-p425698/",
"rss": "https://www.pbs.org/newshour/feeds/rss/podcasts/show"
}
},
"perspectives": {
"id": "perspectives",
"title": "Perspectives",
"tagline": "KQED's series of daily listener commentaries since 1991",
"info": "KQED's series of daily listener commentaries since 1991.",
"imageSrc": "https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2025/01/Perspectives_Tile_Final.jpg",
"imageAlt": "KQED Perspectives",
"officialWebsiteLink": "/perspectives/",
"meta": {
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"source": "kqed",
"order": 14
},
"link": "/perspectives",
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