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"title": "What to Do If ICE Shows Up at Your Home or Workplace",
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"content": "\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/news/12026143/que-hacer-si-se-topa-con-ice\">\u003cem>Leer en español\u003c/em>\u003c/a>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>California has \u003ca href=\"https://www.pewresearch.org/short-reads/2024/07/22/what-we-know-about-unauthorized-immigrants-living-in-the-us/\">close to 2 million undocumented residents\u003c/a> — and 8% of households include a family member without a permanent legal status.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>This year, President Donald Trump’s return to the White House has brought \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/news/12023560/bay-area-officials-vow-uphold-sanctuary-immigrants-despite-threats-from-trump\">promises of “mass deportations,”\u003c/a> high-profile raids by U.S. Immigration and Customs Enforcement (ICE) and \u003ca href=\"https://www.nytimes.com/interactive/2025/06/27/us/ice-arrests-trump.html?smid=url-share&rsrc=deeplink#ice_arrests_California\">a sharp rise in immigration arrests in California.\u003c/a>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In the Bay Area, \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/news/12024332/ice-raids-in-california-how-to-sort-fact-from-rumor-online\">rumors of ICE sightings\u003c/a> continue to spread alongside news of \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/news/12050993/a-day-in-the-life-of-san-joses-rapid-response-network-built-to-resist-ice-fear\">real, verified operations by immigration agents\u003c/a>. And even after \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/news/12061545/bay-area-spared-from-federal-immigration-enforcement-surge-officials-say\">a “surge” of federal immigration enforcement planned in the region\u003c/a> for the week of Oct. 20 was called off, Bay Area residents remain on high alert.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>As NPR has noted, \u003ca href=\"https://www.npr.org/2025/09/05/nx-s1-5517998/ice-arrest-rules-explained\">immigration agents are frequently given wide latitude\u003c/a> in the line of duty – meaning a good number of the tactics witnessed by the public since Trump’s inauguration, while shocking to many, are likely legal. And despite \u003ca href=\"https://oag.ca.gov/news/press-releases/attorney-general-bonta-reminds-california-immigrants-their-rights-and\">California’s relatively strong stance on protecting undocumented families\u003c/a>, people without legal status in the United States have always been at risk of deportations.[aside postID='news_12024332,news_12047506,news_12026817,news_11871364' label='Related Explainers']\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But in stressful, uncertain times like these, advocates have emphasized that one of the best things people can do is to \u003ca href=\"https://laist.com/news/politics/immigration-california-students-know-your-rights\">know their rights\u003c/a>. Keep reading for what activists and legal experts say people should know about when dealing with immigration officers.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>It may also be helpful to \u003ca href=\"https://www.ilrc.org/red-cards-tarjetas-rojas\">carry a card that details your rights\u003c/a>, like \u003ca href=\"https://www.ilrc.org/red-cards-tarjetas-rojas\">this printable version from the Immigrant Legal Resource Center\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Bear in mind that the information below is not legal advice, and it’s recommended that you consult an immigration attorney for guidance on your specific situation.(\u003ca href=\"#lawyer\">Jump straight to a list of free or low-cost lawyers in the Bay Area\u003c/a>.)\u003c/p>\n\u003ch2>Q. How can I recognize if someone is actually an ICE agent?\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>ICE agents can sometimes wear uniforms or gear that suggests they are police officers or probation officers, \u003ca href=\"https://www.aclusocal.org/en/icenotwelcome\">according to the American Civil Liberties Union Southern California\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>This can sometimes help \u003ca href=\"https://www.npr.org/2017/02/21/516488396/without-warrants-immigration-agents-often-pose-as-police-officers\">agents enter a home without a warrant\u003c/a>. In 2018, several \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/news/11642905/s-f-police-commissioners-want-ice-agents-to-stop-impersonating-police\">San Francisco police commissioners called on ICE\u003c/a> to stop \u003ca href=\"https://www.immigrantdefenseproject.org/raids-foia/\">these practices\u003c/a>, saying it interfered with local policing. ICE agents can also wear civilian clothes or plain dark clothing with a bulletproof vest.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Police officers, however, usually wear a more specific-looking uniform “with identifying insignias,” \u003ca href=\"https://www.aclusocal.org/en/icenotwelcome\">says ACLU SoCal\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003ch2>Q. What is the difference between ICE and CBP?\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>ICE and Customs and Border Protection (CBP) are both immigration enforcement agencies within the Department of Homeland Security.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"https://crsreports.congress.gov/product/pdf/LSB/LSB10362\">ICE conducts enforcement within the U.S.\u003c/a> and manages detention and deportation operations.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>CBP conducts inspections at all U.S. “ports of entry” — at land borders, seaports and airports. And the Border Patrol, which is part of CBP, polices the land borders in between the official ports of entry.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Similar to ICE, CBP officers may have “police” written prominently on their uniform. “U.S. Customs and Border Protection” may be written on their sleeve or on their back.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Federal law grants additional powers to CBP within \u003ca href=\"https://www.aclu.org/know-your-rights/border-zone\">a wide border zone\u003c/a> that the government has defined as 100 air miles from an “external boundary” of the U.S. Within that zone — which \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/news/11801962/immigration-advocates-call-sending-border-patrol-agents-to-sanctuary-cities-a-scare-tactic\">covers most coastal cities in the country, as well as the entire Bay Area\u003c/a> — \u003ca href=\"https://crsreports.congress.gov/product/pdf/LSB/LSB10559\">CBP officers and Border Patrol agents can stop and question people\u003c/a> and board vessels, buses and trains to search for unauthorized immigrants without a warrant. They would still \u003ca href=\"https://www.acluaz.org/sites/default/files/field_documents/aclu_border_rights.pdf\">need a warrant — or consent — to enter a house\u003c/a>, however.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In recent months, Border Patrol agents have been deployed to American cities, including Los Angeles and Chicago, to conduct immigration arrests that would ordinarily be handled by ICE.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In spite of this “dissolving” of the distinction between ICE and CBP functions, Bree Bernwanger, a senior attorney at the ACLU of Northern California, says, “both agencies are bound by the same laws and the same rules, especially in the interior of the United States.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11695291\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 1920px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-full wp-image-11695291\" src=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2018/09/CBPSanYsidro.jpg\" alt=\"A U.S. Customs and Border Protection officer at the San Ysidro port of entry. One of the U.S.-citizen children separated recently is a seven-year-old boy who was taken from his Mexican mother at the San Ysidro port of entry after the two presented themselves legally and asked for asylum.\" width=\"1920\" height=\"1280\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2018/09/CBPSanYsidro.jpg 1920w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2018/09/CBPSanYsidro-160x107.jpg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2018/09/CBPSanYsidro-800x533.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2018/09/CBPSanYsidro-1020x680.jpg 1020w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2018/09/CBPSanYsidro-1200x800.jpg 1200w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2018/09/CBPSanYsidro-1180x787.jpg 1180w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2018/09/CBPSanYsidro-960x640.jpg 960w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2018/09/CBPSanYsidro-240x160.jpg 240w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2018/09/CBPSanYsidro-375x250.jpg 375w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2018/09/CBPSanYsidro-520x347.jpg 520w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 1920px) 100vw, 1920px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">A U.S. Customs and Border Protection (CBP) officer at the San Ysidro port of entry. \u003ccite>(Mario Tama/Getty Images)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>“And that’s true in the Bay Area, even though we are close to this maritime border,” said Bernwanger. “That doesn’t matter: If you’re a person walking down the street, if you’re a person driving your private car, Border Patrol and ICE are bound by the same rules.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In these scenarios, “they have to have a reason to stop you,” said Bernwanger. They have to have a reason to suspect that you’re violating an immigration law.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In most cases, both ICE and CBP also require a judicial warrant to enter a private property and an administrative warrant to make an arrest (more on this below.)\u003c/p>\n\u003ch2>Q. Wat should I say to ICE or CBP if they approach me?\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>CBP and ICE powers at border checkpoints — including airports and land crossings – are strongest. Here, \u003ca href=\"https://www.npr.org/2025/09/05/nx-s1-5517998/ice-arrest-rules-explained\">officers can ask questions, carry out personal searches and detain people\u003c/a> with wide latitude, Ahilan Arulanantham, co-director of the UCLA School of Law’s Center for Immigration Law & Policy, told NPR.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But outside of this specific border context, Arulanantham stressed the difference between a “consensual” encounter with immigration agents – where you have the right to leave — and a detention.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“T\u003ca href=\"https://www.npr.org/2025/09/05/nx-s1-5517998/ice-arrest-rules-explained\">he first question anyone should ask\u003c/a> if they feel uncomfortable when approached by any officer is ‘Am I free to leave?’ If the officer says they are, then they should exercise their right to leave,” Arulanantham told NPR. “If the officer tries not to answer, the individual should repeat the question until they get a response.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Advocates stress that you also have the right to remain silent, in all cases, when it comes to encountering ICE agents. If — for whatever reason — \u003ca href=\"https://www.aclusocal.org/en/icenotwelcome\">it’s not possible for you to remain silent, ACLU SoCal suggests\u003c/a> taking the following steps — while prioritizing your physical safety:\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Ask the right questions:\u003c/p>\n\u003cul>\n\u003cli>Ask to see a badge or business card\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>Ask if they have a warrant signed by a judge\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>Ask for their name and title (and write it down)\u003c/li>\n\u003c/ul>\n\u003cp>Make sure the encounter is witnessed somehow:\u003c/p>\n\u003cul>\n\u003cli>Find or enlist another person to witness the encounter, like someone else in your house or someone passing by\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>Record the encounter yourself or have someone else do it — and ask them to identify which agency they’re with in the video.\u003c/li>\n\u003c/ul>\n\u003cp>You can send the video or audio of the encounter to advocacy organizations, for example \u003ca href=\"https://www.aclusocal.org/en/mobilejustice\">the ACLU’s Mobile Justice app\u003c/a>, for them to evaluate whether the footage might show any potential abuses of authority. KQED also has \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/news/11871364/recording-the-police-what-to-know-and-how-to-stay-safe-doing-it\">a guide on your rights when filming officers\u003c/a> and \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/news/12024332/ice-raids-in-california-how-to-sort-fact-from-rumor-online\">how to report ICE activity to local advocates\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003ch2>Q. What should I do if I’m at home and an ICE agent knocks on my door?\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>Under the Fourth Amendment, if ICE agents or any law enforcement officer — comes to your door and wants to enter your home, they either need:\u003c/p>\n\u003cul>\n\u003cli>To present a warrant signed by a judge (not just an administrative warrant from their agency) OR\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>Your consent to enter your home\u003c/li>\n\u003c/ul>\n\u003cp>Agents \u003ca href=\"https://www.axios.com/2025/01/27/ice-warrants-undocumented-immigrants-raids-arrests\">could also technically enter without permission if they report hearing an emergency happening\u003c/a> inside the home.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>If you don’t want the agent to come in, legal advocates say, you don’t have to open the door unless the agent shows you a judicial warrant. (\u003ca href=\"https://www.nilc.org/resources/know-your-rights-what-to-do-if-arrested-detained-immigration/\">Advocates suggest asking the agent to slide the warrant under the door\u003c/a> or hold it up to a window where you can read it so you don’t have to step outside.)\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“ICE will often trick you into giving consent by saying they are investigating a crime or need to ‘take a quick look around’ or ‘come in to talk,” warns the National Immigrant Law Center (NILC).\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>If a judge does not sign the warrant, NILC says you can tell the agent that you do not want to talk right now.\u003c/p>\n\u003ch2>Q. What do I do if an officer approaches me on the street or public transportation and asks my immigration status?\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>Your rights are strongest in your home.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>So, if you encounter ICE agents outside your home and you don’t have any documentation, \u003ca href=\"https://www.nilc.org/resources/know-your-rights-what-to-do-if-arrested-detained-immigration/\">you have the right to remain silent\u003c/a> and refuse to answer any questions. You also have a right to a lawyer, \u003ca href=\"https://sahanjournal.com/immigration/know-your-rights-ice-minnesota-resources/#:~:text=Because%20immigration%20violations%20are%20not,by%20local%20law%20enforcement%20does.\">although one may not be provided for you by the government\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The law \u003ca href=\"https://cilawgroup.com/news/2014/01/23/foreign-national-in-the-u-s-what-documents-should-i-carry-with-me/\">requires noncitizens to carry their papers, such as \u003c/a>a \u003ca href=\"https://www.uscis.gov/save/current-user-agencies/commonly-used-immigration-documents\">green card or Employment Authorization Document\u003c/a>, with them — and if you have such papers, you should show them to the agent. You still, however, have the right to remain silent while you’re doing so.\u003c/p>\n\u003ch2>Q. What is the difference between an administrative warrant and a judicial warrant?\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>To enter \u003ca href=\"https://www.congress.gov/crs-product/LSB10362\">private property like a home or the non-public areas of a business\u003c/a>, ICE and CBP officers \u003ca href=\"https://www.nilc.org/wp-content/uploads/2025/01/2025-Subpoenas-Warrants_.pdf\">need a judicial warrant\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>To arrest a person, ICE and CBP officers generally need an administrative warrant (signed by an ICE or CBP supervisor.) However, they can make an arrest without a warrant if they see a person illegally entering the country or they have “reason to believe” a person is here illegally and likely to escape before they can get a warrant.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>That said, even if an immigration officer proceeds with arresting you, you still have constitutional protections, including the right to remain silent so you don’t say something that could incriminate you. Immigration officers cannot detain you without “reasonable suspicion” of a crime, and they cannot search you or your belongings without “probable cause” — unless you give your consent.\u003c/p>\n\u003ch2>Q. What if I’m at work and immigration officers approach me and my colleagues?\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>ICE \u003ca href=\"https://www.nilc.org/wp-content/uploads/2017/07/EmployerGuide-NELP-NILC-2017-07-1.pdf\">tends to go to a workplace for three reasons\u003c/a>:\u003c/p>\n\u003cul>\n\u003cli>To perform a document audit to check if employees have work authorization\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>To conduct a raid — \u003ca href=\"https://www.nilc.org/wp-content/uploads/2017/07/EmployerGuide-NELP-NILC-2017-07-1.pdf\">meaning, in this case\u003c/a>, going to a workplace without informing the employer beforehand\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>To detain a specific person\u003c/li>\n\u003c/ul>\n\u003cp>ICE agents can freely enter public areas of a workplace, such as a dining area in a restaurant, a parking lot or a lobby or waiting area. But it does not give them the right to stop, question or arrest just anyone in those spaces.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_12013975\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 2000px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-full wp-image-12013975\" src=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/11/02_060622-ICE-Immigration-AP-CM.jpg\" alt=\"A person in jeans and a t-shirt stands while someone with a vest and gun ties something around them.\" width=\"2000\" height=\"1333\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/11/02_060622-ICE-Immigration-AP-CM.jpg 2000w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/11/02_060622-ICE-Immigration-AP-CM-800x533.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/11/02_060622-ICE-Immigration-AP-CM-1020x680.jpg 1020w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/11/02_060622-ICE-Immigration-AP-CM-160x107.jpg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/11/02_060622-ICE-Immigration-AP-CM-1536x1024.jpg 1536w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/11/02_060622-ICE-Immigration-AP-CM-1920x1280.jpg 1920w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 2000px) 100vw, 2000px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">U.S. Immigration and Customs Enforcement agents transfer an immigrant after an early morning raid on June 6, 2022. \u003ccite>(Damian Dovarganes/AP Photo)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Agents cannot enter \u003ca href=\"https://www.nilc.org/wp-content/uploads/2017/07/EmployerGuide-NELP-NILC-2017-07-1.pdf\">a private area of the business without permission or a judicial warrant\u003c/a>. Ask to see this warrant, and see if it is signed by a judge. A judicial warrant is \u003cem>not the same\u003c/em> as an administrative warrant, which is signed by an ICE supervisor and generally assists the agent in making arrests.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>If \u003ca href=\"https://www.nilc.org/resources/a-guide-for-employers-what-to-do-if-immigration-comes-to-your-workplace/\">an immigration officer comes to your place of work\u003c/a>, you do not have to answer questions or answer questions about other employees. But \u003ca href=\"https://www.nilc.org/resources/know-your-rights-what-to-do-if-arrested-detained-immigration/\">the National Immigration Law Center stresses not to run away\u003c/a> — instead, they recommend that it’s “safer to continue working, ask if you are being detained, and calmly ask if you may leave.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>If you have the ability to record the agents and if they do have a warrant, make sure they are doing what the warrant is allowing them to do.\u003c/p>\n\u003ch2>Q. What do I do if ICE has detained me?\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>You still have\u003ca href=\"https://www.nilc.org/resources/know-your-rights-what-to-do-if-arrested-detained-immigration/\"> the right to remain silent\u003c/a> and the right to a lawyer. However, you should not lie about your immigration status, according to the National Immigration Law Center.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Do \u003cem>not\u003c/em> sign any documents without speaking to a lawyer first.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Note the officer who detained you by writing down their name and number.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>You still have the right to receive calls when detained. The government \u003ca href=\"https://www.nilc.org/resources/know-your-rights-what-to-do-if-arrested-detained-immigration/\">will not provide you with a lawyer\u003c/a>, so you or your family will need to secure one on your own.\u003c/p>\n\u003ch2>Q. How can I find someone who’s been detained by ICE?\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>\u003cb>Use ICE’s online system\u003c/b>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>If the person is an adult, you can use\u003ca href=\"https://locator.ice.gov/odls/#/search\"> ICE’s own Online Detainee Locator System\u003c/a> to search for them, or you can call \u003ca href=\"https://www.help.cbp.gov/s/article/Article-1706?language=en_US\">(866) 347-2423\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>You will need to have\u003ca href=\"https://www.latimes.com/california/story/2025-06-27/what-to-do-if-relative-detained-immigration-officials\"> the person’s information\u003c/a>, like:\u003c/p>\n\u003cul>\n\u003cli>Their A-number, or the “alien registration number,” which is assigned by the Department of Homeland Security. This number can be found on a green card, work permit or other immigration documents, and is usually \u003ca href=\"https://www.uscis.gov/glossary-term/50684#:~:text=or%20A%23)-,A%2DNumber/Alien%20Registration%20Number/Alien%20Number%20(,A%2DNumber%20or%20A%23)&text=A%20unique%20seven%2D%2C%20eight%2D,Also%20see%20USCIS%20Number.\">7, 8 or 9 digits\u003c/a>.\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>Their full name\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>Their country of birth\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>Their date of birth\u003c/li>\n\u003c/ul>\n\u003cp>According to the\u003ca href=\"https://help.asylumadvocacy.org/faqs-other-topics/#detained-loved-one\"> Asylum Seeker Advocacy Project\u003c/a>, it may take a few days for a person to appear in this ICE database.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>If the name you’re searching for isn’t showing up in the ICE system, or if you’re worried about their safety and possible deportation, you can seek out assistance from advocacy organizations like\u003ca href=\"https://www.freedomforimmigrants.org/\"> Freedom for Immigrants\u003c/a> through\u003ca href=\"https://www.freedomforimmigrants.org/reunite\"> their form online\u003c/a> or by calling 209-757-3733. (There’s more on resources for free or low-cost legal support below.)\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cb>Check the Bureau of Prisons’ search tool\u003c/b>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>According to the NILC, \u003ca href=\"https://www.latimes.com/california/story/2025-02-12/trump-administration-immigrants-dublin-federal-prison\">this year\u003c/a>, \u003ca href=\"https://www.nilc.org/wp-content/uploads/2025/04/How-to-Locate-a-ICE-Disappearance.pdf\">“CE began using prisons run by the Bureau of Prisons (BOP) to hold people for immigration cases.” \u003c/a>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>You can use \u003ca href=\"https://www.bop.gov/inmateloc/\">the Bureau of Prisons’ search tool\u003c/a> to look up a person. NILC says that people who are being held by the Bureau of Prisons should also show up in \u003ca href=\"https://locator.ice.gov/odls/#/search\">the ICE online locator system\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>If you know someone was detained nearby one of these prisons, \u003ca href=\"https://www.bop.gov/locations/map.jsp?region=WXR\">you can try calling that individual facility\u003c/a> too.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cb>Looking for a minor?\u003c/b>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>If you are trying to find a minor you suspect has been detained, you can call ICE at 1-800-203-7001.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>You can also email the\u003ca href=\"https://www.cbp.gov/sites/default/files/assets/documents/2018-Jun/next-steps-for-families.pdf\"> Office of Refugee Resettlement\u003c/a> at information@ORRNCC.com.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cb>Reach out to an ICE field office\u003c/b>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The ICE Enforcement and Removal Operations field office is in San Francisco, with an area of responsibility that includes \u003ca href=\"https://www.ice.gov/field-office/san-francisco-field-office\">Northern California, Hawaii, Guam and Saipan\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>You can contact theSF field office – which is located at 630 Sansome Street – by phone at (415) 365-8800 or by email at \u003ca href=\"mailto:SanFrancisco.Outreach@ice.dhs.gov\">SanFrancisco.Outreach@ice.dhs.gov\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Please note: NILC warns that if you’re calling or emailing a field office, \u003ca href=\"https://www.nilc.org/wp-content/uploads/2025/04/How-to-Locate-a-ICE-Disappearance.pdf\">“don’t give more information than you need to,”\u003c/a> and “only give the necessary A number or basic information, like name and country of birth, that you would use in the online locator.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>If you can’t reach anyone at the field office, San Francisco has an ICE Community Relations Officer, who can be reached at \u003ca href=\"mailto:CommunityRelations.SanFrancisco@ice.dhs.gov\">CommunityRelations.SanFrancisco@ice.dhs.gov\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cb>Call a detention facility\u003c/b>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>ICE’s website lists \u003ca href=\"https://www.ice.gov/detention-facilities\">five detention facilities\u003c/a> associated with the agency’s San Francisco field office, but not all of them are in the Bay Area or even California.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>If\u003ca href=\"https://www.usa.gov/detained-by-ice\"> you know someone is being held at a detention facility\u003c/a>, you can call to try to get more information about them. The facilities include:\u003c/p>\n\u003cul>\n\u003cli>\u003ca href=\"https://www.ice.gov/detain/detention-facilities/golden-state-annex\">Golden State Annex\u003c/a>, located in McFarland. The number is (661) 792-2731, and you can call between 8 a.m. and 3:30 p.m.\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>\u003ca href=\"https://www.ice.gov/detain/detention-facilities/mesa-verde-ice-processing-facility\">The Mesa Verde ICE Processing Center\u003c/a>, located in Bakersfield. You can call (661) 859-1028 between 8 a.m. and 3:30 p.m.\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>\u003ca href=\"https://www.ice.gov/detain/detention-facilities/federal-detention-center-honolulu-fdc-honolulu\">Federal Detention Center, Honolulu\u003c/a>, located in Hawaii. You can call (808) 529-1970 between 8 a.m. and 3 p.m. Hawaii is three hours behind San Francisco.\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>The \u003ca href=\"https://www.ice.gov/detain/detention-facilities/guam-department-corrections-hagatna-detention-facility\">Guam Department of Corrections, Hagatna Detention Facility\u003c/a>, is in Guam. You can call (671) 777-2976 between the hours of 7:30 a.m. and 3:30 p.m. Guam is 17 hours ahead of San Francisco.\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>The \u003ca href=\"https://www.ice.gov/detain/detention-facilities/cnmi-department-corrections\">CNMI Department of Corrections\u003c/a> is in Saipan. You can call (670) 237-6000 between the hours of 8 a.m. and 4 p.m. Saipan is 17 hours ahead of San Francisco.\u003c/li>\n\u003c/ul>\n\u003cp>According to ICE’s website, people detained cannot receive incoming calls. You would have to leave a message with the office, along with the detainee’s full name, alien registration number, as well as your name and telephone number where you can be reached.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cb>Contact the person’s consulate \u003c/b>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>According to \u003ca href=\"https://www.nilc.org/wp-content/uploads/2025/04/How-to-Locate-a-ICE-Disappearance.pdf\">the NILC\u003c/a>, “All immigrants in ICE jails \u003ca href=\"https://www.ice.gov/detain/detention-management/national-detainee-handbook\">have the right\u003c/a> to contact their country’s consulate.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>You can also try contacting this office yourself in an effort to find a person. However, the \u003ca href=\"https://www.nilc.org/wp-content/uploads/2025/04/How-to-Locate-a-ICE-Disappearance.pdf\">NILC strongly suggests\u003c/a> that you do \u003ci>not\u003c/i> do this if the person is applying for asylum or fears for their life back in said country.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>KPBS, the NPR and PBS station of San Diego, has a video guide on how to use publicly available data released by ICE:\u003c/p>\n\u003cblockquote class=\"tiktok-embed\" style=\"max-width: 605px; min-width: 325px;\" cite=\"https://www.tiktok.com/@kpbssandiego/video/7521816864264162591\" data-video-id=\"7521816864264162591\">\n\u003csection>\u003ca title=\"@kpbssandiego\" href=\"https://www.tiktok.com/@kpbssandiego?refer=embed\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">@kpbssandiego\u003c/a> Did you know that the federal government has a public spreadsheet that shows you exactly who is being held in immigration detention? It gives you an up-to-date picture of what is going on around the country, and is available for anyone to look up at any time. KPBS San Diego’s border reporter Gustavo Solis is here to show you how to access it. \u003ca title=\"sandiego\" href=\"https://www.tiktok.com/tag/sandiego?refer=embed\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">#sandiego\u003c/a> \u003ca title=\"border\" href=\"https://www.tiktok.com/tag/border?refer=embed\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">#border\u003c/a> \u003ca title=\"usmexicoborder\" href=\"https://www.tiktok.com/tag/usmexicoborder?refer=embed\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">#usmexicoborder\u003c/a> \u003ca title=\"ice\" href=\"https://www.tiktok.com/tag/ice?refer=embed\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">#ice\u003c/a> \u003ca title=\"immigration\" href=\"https://www.tiktok.com/tag/immigration?refer=embed\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">#immigration\u003c/a> \u003ca title=\"♬ original sound - KPBS San Diego\" href=\"https://www.tiktok.com/music/original-sound-KPBS-San-Diego-7521821993948252959?refer=embed\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">♬ original sound – KPBS San Diego\u003c/a>\u003c/section>\n\u003c/blockquote>\n\u003cp>[tiktok]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[aside label='Immigration Coverage' tag='immigration']\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Look up their possible court date\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>If you are worried someone is being subject to expedited removal, check if they have a court hearing. “If someone has a pending court date, they have not yet been subject to expedited removal,” said Jordan Weiner, the legal director of the Removal Defense Program at La Raza Centro Legal in San Francisco. “But once expedited removal is applied, their court date will go away.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>You can search for someone’s next hearing date by using their A number on the \u003ca href=\"https://acis.eoir.justice.gov/en/\">Executive Office for Immigration Review’s website\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>People who are especially vulnerable to quick deportation without a hearing are those who are detained and do not have information showing up on the EOIR website – because they were never issued a notice to appear.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>If someone has their case dismissed or didn’t show up on the system and then later shows up with an upcoming court date, “this likely means they passed \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/news/12047018/how-legal-experts-advocates-are-responding-to-the-detention-of-asylum-seekers\">their credible fear interview\u003c/a> and are back in proceedings before an immigration judge,” Weiner explained.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Which is good because it means they can fight their case.”\u003c/p>\n\u003ch2>Hotlines for ICE encounters and sightings:\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>Immigration advocates highly encourage people who think they have seen ICE sightings in their neighborhood to call them instead of posting on social media. With these hotlines, \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/news/12024332/ice-raids-in-california-how-to-sort-fact-from-rumor-online\">the advocates can fact-check these sightings\u003c/a>. This practice aims to prevent the spread of misinformation online, which can ripple to larger panic in the community.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>These numbers can change, so be sure to visit \u003ca href=\"https://www.ccijustice.org/carrn\">California Collaborative for Immigrant Justice’s updated hotline list on their website\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cul>\n\u003cli>\u003ca href=\"https://immigrants.sf.gov/help/rapid-response\">San Francisco’s 24-hour hotline\u003c/a> to either report ICE sightings or get legal assistance: \u003cstrong>415-200-1548\u003c/strong>. This is run by the \u003ca href=\"https://sfilen.org/\">San Francisco Immigrant Legal & Education Network\u003c/a>\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>\u003ca href=\"https://www.centrolegal.org/acilep/\">Alameda County\u003c/a>: \u003cstrong>510-437-1554\u003c/strong>\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>\u003ca href=\"https://pactsj.org/\">Santa Clara County\u003c/a>: \u003cstrong>408-290-1144\u003c/strong>\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>\u003ca href=\"https://montereycountyrrn.com/\">Monterey County\u003c/a>: \u003cstrong>831-204-8082\u003c/strong>\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>\u003ca href=\"https://www.facebook.com/YARRsantacruz/\">Santa Cruz County\u003c/a>: \u003cstrong>831-239-4289\u003c/strong>\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>\u003ca href=\"https://www.marinrrn.org/\">Marin County\u003c/a>: \u003cstrong>415-991-4545\u003c/strong>\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>\u003ca href=\"https://podersf.org/wp-content/uploads/2023/11/Northern-California-Rapid-Response-Network.pdf\">San Mateo County\u003c/a>: \u003cstrong>203-666-4472\u003c/strong>\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>\u003ca href=\"https://standtogethercontracosta.org/\">Contra Costa County\u003c/a>: \u003cstrong>925-900-5151\u003c/strong>\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>Sacramento County: \u003cstrong>916-382-0256\u003c/strong>\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>\u003ca href=\"https://www.sirenimmigrantrights.org/\">Services, Immigration Rights and Education Network\u003c/a>: \u003cstrong>201-468-6088\u003c/strong> or \u003cstrong>918-609-4480\u003c/strong>\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>\u003ca href=\"http://northbayop.org/rapidresponse/\">Sonoma, Solano and Napa Counties\u003c/a>: \u003cstrong>707- 800-4544\u003c/strong>\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>\u003ca href=\"https://www.aclusocal.org/en/mobilejustice\">Mobile Justice\u003c/a>, which sends information, incident reporting, and more to the ACLU\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>If someone is inside a detention facility, they can dial \u003cstrong>9233# from a facility phone\u003c/strong> on Tuesdays, Wednesdays and Thursdays to reach the \u003ca href=\"https://www.freedomforimmigrants.org/resources\">National Immigration Detention Hotline\u003c/a>\u003c/li>\n\u003c/ul>\n\u003cp>More contacts can be found on \u003ca href=\"https://www.ccijustice.org/carrn\">California Collaborative for Immigrant Justice’s website\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003ca id=\"lawyer\">\u003c/a>Selected resources for free or low-cost legal support:\u003c/p>\n\u003cul>\n\u003cli>\u003ca href=\"https://www.centrolegal.org/\">Centro Legal de la Raza\u003c/a>\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>\u003ca href=\"https://www.larazacrc.org/\">La Raza Community\u003c/a>\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>\u003ca href=\"https://www.missionaction.org/find-services/\">Mission Action\u003c/a>\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>\u003ca href=\"https://mujeresunidas.net/en/programas/\">Mujeres Unidas y Activas\u003c/a>\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>\u003ca href=\"https://www.asianlawcaucus.org/\">Asian Law Center\u003c/a>\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>\u003ca href=\"https://immigrantsrising.org/\">Immigrants Rising\u003c/a>\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>\u003ca href=\"https://unitedwedream.org/our-work/undocuhealth-wellness/\">UndocuHealth\u003c/a>\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>\u003ca href=\"https://iibayarea.org/get-involved/\">Immigration Institute of the Bay Area\u003c/a>\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>\u003ca href=\"https://www.chirla.org/\">Coalition for Humane Immigrant Rights\u003c/a>\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>\u003ca href=\"https://www.sfbar.org/jdc/immigrant-legal-defense/attorney-of-the-day-resources-for-our-immigrant-community/\">Bar Association of San Francisco\u003c/a>\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>\u003ca href=\"https://www.immigrationadvocates.org/nonprofit/legaldirectory/search?state=CA\">National Immigration Legal Services Directory for California\u003c/a>\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>\u003ca href=\"https://www.informedimmigrant.com/help/\">Informed Immigrant\u003c/a>\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>\u003ca href=\"https://help.asylumadvocacy.org/private-attorneys/\">Private immigration lawyer look-up\u003c/a>\u003c/li>\n\u003c/ul>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>This story contains reporting from KQED’s Tyche Hendricks and Carly Severn.\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad floatright]\u003c/p>\n",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/news/12026143/que-hacer-si-se-topa-con-ice\">\u003cem>Leer en español\u003c/em>\u003c/a>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>California has \u003ca href=\"https://www.pewresearch.org/short-reads/2024/07/22/what-we-know-about-unauthorized-immigrants-living-in-the-us/\">close to 2 million undocumented residents\u003c/a> — and 8% of households include a family member without a permanent legal status.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>This year, President Donald Trump’s return to the White House has brought \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/news/12023560/bay-area-officials-vow-uphold-sanctuary-immigrants-despite-threats-from-trump\">promises of “mass deportations,”\u003c/a> high-profile raids by U.S. Immigration and Customs Enforcement (ICE) and \u003ca href=\"https://www.nytimes.com/interactive/2025/06/27/us/ice-arrests-trump.html?smid=url-share&rsrc=deeplink#ice_arrests_California\">a sharp rise in immigration arrests in California.\u003c/a>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In the Bay Area, \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/news/12024332/ice-raids-in-california-how-to-sort-fact-from-rumor-online\">rumors of ICE sightings\u003c/a> continue to spread alongside news of \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/news/12050993/a-day-in-the-life-of-san-joses-rapid-response-network-built-to-resist-ice-fear\">real, verified operations by immigration agents\u003c/a>. And even after \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/news/12061545/bay-area-spared-from-federal-immigration-enforcement-surge-officials-say\">a “surge” of federal immigration enforcement planned in the region\u003c/a> for the week of Oct. 20 was called off, Bay Area residents remain on high alert.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>As NPR has noted, \u003ca href=\"https://www.npr.org/2025/09/05/nx-s1-5517998/ice-arrest-rules-explained\">immigration agents are frequently given wide latitude\u003c/a> in the line of duty – meaning a good number of the tactics witnessed by the public since Trump’s inauguration, while shocking to many, are likely legal. And despite \u003ca href=\"https://oag.ca.gov/news/press-releases/attorney-general-bonta-reminds-california-immigrants-their-rights-and\">California’s relatively strong stance on protecting undocumented families\u003c/a>, people without legal status in the United States have always been at risk of deportations.\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But in stressful, uncertain times like these, advocates have emphasized that one of the best things people can do is to \u003ca href=\"https://laist.com/news/politics/immigration-california-students-know-your-rights\">know their rights\u003c/a>. Keep reading for what activists and legal experts say people should know about when dealing with immigration officers.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>It may also be helpful to \u003ca href=\"https://www.ilrc.org/red-cards-tarjetas-rojas\">carry a card that details your rights\u003c/a>, like \u003ca href=\"https://www.ilrc.org/red-cards-tarjetas-rojas\">this printable version from the Immigrant Legal Resource Center\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Bear in mind that the information below is not legal advice, and it’s recommended that you consult an immigration attorney for guidance on your specific situation.(\u003ca href=\"#lawyer\">Jump straight to a list of free or low-cost lawyers in the Bay Area\u003c/a>.)\u003c/p>\n\u003ch2>Q. How can I recognize if someone is actually an ICE agent?\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>ICE agents can sometimes wear uniforms or gear that suggests they are police officers or probation officers, \u003ca href=\"https://www.aclusocal.org/en/icenotwelcome\">according to the American Civil Liberties Union Southern California\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>This can sometimes help \u003ca href=\"https://www.npr.org/2017/02/21/516488396/without-warrants-immigration-agents-often-pose-as-police-officers\">agents enter a home without a warrant\u003c/a>. In 2018, several \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/news/11642905/s-f-police-commissioners-want-ice-agents-to-stop-impersonating-police\">San Francisco police commissioners called on ICE\u003c/a> to stop \u003ca href=\"https://www.immigrantdefenseproject.org/raids-foia/\">these practices\u003c/a>, saying it interfered with local policing. ICE agents can also wear civilian clothes or plain dark clothing with a bulletproof vest.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Police officers, however, usually wear a more specific-looking uniform “with identifying insignias,” \u003ca href=\"https://www.aclusocal.org/en/icenotwelcome\">says ACLU SoCal\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003ch2>Q. What is the difference between ICE and CBP?\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>ICE and Customs and Border Protection (CBP) are both immigration enforcement agencies within the Department of Homeland Security.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"https://crsreports.congress.gov/product/pdf/LSB/LSB10362\">ICE conducts enforcement within the U.S.\u003c/a> and manages detention and deportation operations.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>CBP conducts inspections at all U.S. “ports of entry” — at land borders, seaports and airports. And the Border Patrol, which is part of CBP, polices the land borders in between the official ports of entry.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Similar to ICE, CBP officers may have “police” written prominently on their uniform. “U.S. Customs and Border Protection” may be written on their sleeve or on their back.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Federal law grants additional powers to CBP within \u003ca href=\"https://www.aclu.org/know-your-rights/border-zone\">a wide border zone\u003c/a> that the government has defined as 100 air miles from an “external boundary” of the U.S. Within that zone — which \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/news/11801962/immigration-advocates-call-sending-border-patrol-agents-to-sanctuary-cities-a-scare-tactic\">covers most coastal cities in the country, as well as the entire Bay Area\u003c/a> — \u003ca href=\"https://crsreports.congress.gov/product/pdf/LSB/LSB10559\">CBP officers and Border Patrol agents can stop and question people\u003c/a> and board vessels, buses and trains to search for unauthorized immigrants without a warrant. They would still \u003ca href=\"https://www.acluaz.org/sites/default/files/field_documents/aclu_border_rights.pdf\">need a warrant — or consent — to enter a house\u003c/a>, however.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In recent months, Border Patrol agents have been deployed to American cities, including Los Angeles and Chicago, to conduct immigration arrests that would ordinarily be handled by ICE.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In spite of this “dissolving” of the distinction between ICE and CBP functions, Bree Bernwanger, a senior attorney at the ACLU of Northern California, says, “both agencies are bound by the same laws and the same rules, especially in the interior of the United States.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11695291\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 1920px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-full wp-image-11695291\" src=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2018/09/CBPSanYsidro.jpg\" alt=\"A U.S. Customs and Border Protection officer at the San Ysidro port of entry. One of the U.S.-citizen children separated recently is a seven-year-old boy who was taken from his Mexican mother at the San Ysidro port of entry after the two presented themselves legally and asked for asylum.\" width=\"1920\" height=\"1280\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2018/09/CBPSanYsidro.jpg 1920w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2018/09/CBPSanYsidro-160x107.jpg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2018/09/CBPSanYsidro-800x533.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2018/09/CBPSanYsidro-1020x680.jpg 1020w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2018/09/CBPSanYsidro-1200x800.jpg 1200w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2018/09/CBPSanYsidro-1180x787.jpg 1180w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2018/09/CBPSanYsidro-960x640.jpg 960w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2018/09/CBPSanYsidro-240x160.jpg 240w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2018/09/CBPSanYsidro-375x250.jpg 375w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2018/09/CBPSanYsidro-520x347.jpg 520w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 1920px) 100vw, 1920px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">A U.S. Customs and Border Protection (CBP) officer at the San Ysidro port of entry. \u003ccite>(Mario Tama/Getty Images)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>“And that’s true in the Bay Area, even though we are close to this maritime border,” said Bernwanger. “That doesn’t matter: If you’re a person walking down the street, if you’re a person driving your private car, Border Patrol and ICE are bound by the same rules.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In these scenarios, “they have to have a reason to stop you,” said Bernwanger. They have to have a reason to suspect that you’re violating an immigration law.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In most cases, both ICE and CBP also require a judicial warrant to enter a private property and an administrative warrant to make an arrest (more on this below.)\u003c/p>\n\u003ch2>Q. Wat should I say to ICE or CBP if they approach me?\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>CBP and ICE powers at border checkpoints — including airports and land crossings – are strongest. Here, \u003ca href=\"https://www.npr.org/2025/09/05/nx-s1-5517998/ice-arrest-rules-explained\">officers can ask questions, carry out personal searches and detain people\u003c/a> with wide latitude, Ahilan Arulanantham, co-director of the UCLA School of Law’s Center for Immigration Law & Policy, told NPR.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But outside of this specific border context, Arulanantham stressed the difference between a “consensual” encounter with immigration agents – where you have the right to leave — and a detention.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“T\u003ca href=\"https://www.npr.org/2025/09/05/nx-s1-5517998/ice-arrest-rules-explained\">he first question anyone should ask\u003c/a> if they feel uncomfortable when approached by any officer is ‘Am I free to leave?’ If the officer says they are, then they should exercise their right to leave,” Arulanantham told NPR. “If the officer tries not to answer, the individual should repeat the question until they get a response.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Advocates stress that you also have the right to remain silent, in all cases, when it comes to encountering ICE agents. If — for whatever reason — \u003ca href=\"https://www.aclusocal.org/en/icenotwelcome\">it’s not possible for you to remain silent, ACLU SoCal suggests\u003c/a> taking the following steps — while prioritizing your physical safety:\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Ask the right questions:\u003c/p>\n\u003cul>\n\u003cli>Ask to see a badge or business card\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>Ask if they have a warrant signed by a judge\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>Ask for their name and title (and write it down)\u003c/li>\n\u003c/ul>\n\u003cp>Make sure the encounter is witnessed somehow:\u003c/p>\n\u003cul>\n\u003cli>Find or enlist another person to witness the encounter, like someone else in your house or someone passing by\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>Record the encounter yourself or have someone else do it — and ask them to identify which agency they’re with in the video.\u003c/li>\n\u003c/ul>\n\u003cp>You can send the video or audio of the encounter to advocacy organizations, for example \u003ca href=\"https://www.aclusocal.org/en/mobilejustice\">the ACLU’s Mobile Justice app\u003c/a>, for them to evaluate whether the footage might show any potential abuses of authority. KQED also has \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/news/11871364/recording-the-police-what-to-know-and-how-to-stay-safe-doing-it\">a guide on your rights when filming officers\u003c/a> and \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/news/12024332/ice-raids-in-california-how-to-sort-fact-from-rumor-online\">how to report ICE activity to local advocates\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003ch2>Q. What should I do if I’m at home and an ICE agent knocks on my door?\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>Under the Fourth Amendment, if ICE agents or any law enforcement officer — comes to your door and wants to enter your home, they either need:\u003c/p>\n\u003cul>\n\u003cli>To present a warrant signed by a judge (not just an administrative warrant from their agency) OR\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>Your consent to enter your home\u003c/li>\n\u003c/ul>\n\u003cp>Agents \u003ca href=\"https://www.axios.com/2025/01/27/ice-warrants-undocumented-immigrants-raids-arrests\">could also technically enter without permission if they report hearing an emergency happening\u003c/a> inside the home.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>If you don’t want the agent to come in, legal advocates say, you don’t have to open the door unless the agent shows you a judicial warrant. (\u003ca href=\"https://www.nilc.org/resources/know-your-rights-what-to-do-if-arrested-detained-immigration/\">Advocates suggest asking the agent to slide the warrant under the door\u003c/a> or hold it up to a window where you can read it so you don’t have to step outside.)\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“ICE will often trick you into giving consent by saying they are investigating a crime or need to ‘take a quick look around’ or ‘come in to talk,” warns the National Immigrant Law Center (NILC).\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>If a judge does not sign the warrant, NILC says you can tell the agent that you do not want to talk right now.\u003c/p>\n\u003ch2>Q. What do I do if an officer approaches me on the street or public transportation and asks my immigration status?\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>Your rights are strongest in your home.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>So, if you encounter ICE agents outside your home and you don’t have any documentation, \u003ca href=\"https://www.nilc.org/resources/know-your-rights-what-to-do-if-arrested-detained-immigration/\">you have the right to remain silent\u003c/a> and refuse to answer any questions. You also have a right to a lawyer, \u003ca href=\"https://sahanjournal.com/immigration/know-your-rights-ice-minnesota-resources/#:~:text=Because%20immigration%20violations%20are%20not,by%20local%20law%20enforcement%20does.\">although one may not be provided for you by the government\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The law \u003ca href=\"https://cilawgroup.com/news/2014/01/23/foreign-national-in-the-u-s-what-documents-should-i-carry-with-me/\">requires noncitizens to carry their papers, such as \u003c/a>a \u003ca href=\"https://www.uscis.gov/save/current-user-agencies/commonly-used-immigration-documents\">green card or Employment Authorization Document\u003c/a>, with them — and if you have such papers, you should show them to the agent. You still, however, have the right to remain silent while you’re doing so.\u003c/p>\n\u003ch2>Q. What is the difference between an administrative warrant and a judicial warrant?\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>To enter \u003ca href=\"https://www.congress.gov/crs-product/LSB10362\">private property like a home or the non-public areas of a business\u003c/a>, ICE and CBP officers \u003ca href=\"https://www.nilc.org/wp-content/uploads/2025/01/2025-Subpoenas-Warrants_.pdf\">need a judicial warrant\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>To arrest a person, ICE and CBP officers generally need an administrative warrant (signed by an ICE or CBP supervisor.) However, they can make an arrest without a warrant if they see a person illegally entering the country or they have “reason to believe” a person is here illegally and likely to escape before they can get a warrant.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>That said, even if an immigration officer proceeds with arresting you, you still have constitutional protections, including the right to remain silent so you don’t say something that could incriminate you. Immigration officers cannot detain you without “reasonable suspicion” of a crime, and they cannot search you or your belongings without “probable cause” — unless you give your consent.\u003c/p>\n\u003ch2>Q. What if I’m at work and immigration officers approach me and my colleagues?\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>ICE \u003ca href=\"https://www.nilc.org/wp-content/uploads/2017/07/EmployerGuide-NELP-NILC-2017-07-1.pdf\">tends to go to a workplace for three reasons\u003c/a>:\u003c/p>\n\u003cul>\n\u003cli>To perform a document audit to check if employees have work authorization\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>To conduct a raid — \u003ca href=\"https://www.nilc.org/wp-content/uploads/2017/07/EmployerGuide-NELP-NILC-2017-07-1.pdf\">meaning, in this case\u003c/a>, going to a workplace without informing the employer beforehand\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>To detain a specific person\u003c/li>\n\u003c/ul>\n\u003cp>ICE agents can freely enter public areas of a workplace, such as a dining area in a restaurant, a parking lot or a lobby or waiting area. But it does not give them the right to stop, question or arrest just anyone in those spaces.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_12013975\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 2000px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-full wp-image-12013975\" src=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/11/02_060622-ICE-Immigration-AP-CM.jpg\" alt=\"A person in jeans and a t-shirt stands while someone with a vest and gun ties something around them.\" width=\"2000\" height=\"1333\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/11/02_060622-ICE-Immigration-AP-CM.jpg 2000w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/11/02_060622-ICE-Immigration-AP-CM-800x533.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/11/02_060622-ICE-Immigration-AP-CM-1020x680.jpg 1020w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/11/02_060622-ICE-Immigration-AP-CM-160x107.jpg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/11/02_060622-ICE-Immigration-AP-CM-1536x1024.jpg 1536w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/11/02_060622-ICE-Immigration-AP-CM-1920x1280.jpg 1920w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 2000px) 100vw, 2000px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">U.S. Immigration and Customs Enforcement agents transfer an immigrant after an early morning raid on June 6, 2022. \u003ccite>(Damian Dovarganes/AP Photo)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Agents cannot enter \u003ca href=\"https://www.nilc.org/wp-content/uploads/2017/07/EmployerGuide-NELP-NILC-2017-07-1.pdf\">a private area of the business without permission or a judicial warrant\u003c/a>. Ask to see this warrant, and see if it is signed by a judge. A judicial warrant is \u003cem>not the same\u003c/em> as an administrative warrant, which is signed by an ICE supervisor and generally assists the agent in making arrests.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>If \u003ca href=\"https://www.nilc.org/resources/a-guide-for-employers-what-to-do-if-immigration-comes-to-your-workplace/\">an immigration officer comes to your place of work\u003c/a>, you do not have to answer questions or answer questions about other employees. But \u003ca href=\"https://www.nilc.org/resources/know-your-rights-what-to-do-if-arrested-detained-immigration/\">the National Immigration Law Center stresses not to run away\u003c/a> — instead, they recommend that it’s “safer to continue working, ask if you are being detained, and calmly ask if you may leave.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>If you have the ability to record the agents and if they do have a warrant, make sure they are doing what the warrant is allowing them to do.\u003c/p>\n\u003ch2>Q. What do I do if ICE has detained me?\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>You still have\u003ca href=\"https://www.nilc.org/resources/know-your-rights-what-to-do-if-arrested-detained-immigration/\"> the right to remain silent\u003c/a> and the right to a lawyer. However, you should not lie about your immigration status, according to the National Immigration Law Center.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Do \u003cem>not\u003c/em> sign any documents without speaking to a lawyer first.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Note the officer who detained you by writing down their name and number.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>You still have the right to receive calls when detained. The government \u003ca href=\"https://www.nilc.org/resources/know-your-rights-what-to-do-if-arrested-detained-immigration/\">will not provide you with a lawyer\u003c/a>, so you or your family will need to secure one on your own.\u003c/p>\n\u003ch2>Q. How can I find someone who’s been detained by ICE?\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>\u003cb>Use ICE’s online system\u003c/b>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>If the person is an adult, you can use\u003ca href=\"https://locator.ice.gov/odls/#/search\"> ICE’s own Online Detainee Locator System\u003c/a> to search for them, or you can call \u003ca href=\"https://www.help.cbp.gov/s/article/Article-1706?language=en_US\">(866) 347-2423\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>You will need to have\u003ca href=\"https://www.latimes.com/california/story/2025-06-27/what-to-do-if-relative-detained-immigration-officials\"> the person’s information\u003c/a>, like:\u003c/p>\n\u003cul>\n\u003cli>Their A-number, or the “alien registration number,” which is assigned by the Department of Homeland Security. This number can be found on a green card, work permit or other immigration documents, and is usually \u003ca href=\"https://www.uscis.gov/glossary-term/50684#:~:text=or%20A%23)-,A%2DNumber/Alien%20Registration%20Number/Alien%20Number%20(,A%2DNumber%20or%20A%23)&text=A%20unique%20seven%2D%2C%20eight%2D,Also%20see%20USCIS%20Number.\">7, 8 or 9 digits\u003c/a>.\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>Their full name\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>Their country of birth\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>Their date of birth\u003c/li>\n\u003c/ul>\n\u003cp>According to the\u003ca href=\"https://help.asylumadvocacy.org/faqs-other-topics/#detained-loved-one\"> Asylum Seeker Advocacy Project\u003c/a>, it may take a few days for a person to appear in this ICE database.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>If the name you’re searching for isn’t showing up in the ICE system, or if you’re worried about their safety and possible deportation, you can seek out assistance from advocacy organizations like\u003ca href=\"https://www.freedomforimmigrants.org/\"> Freedom for Immigrants\u003c/a> through\u003ca href=\"https://www.freedomforimmigrants.org/reunite\"> their form online\u003c/a> or by calling 209-757-3733. (There’s more on resources for free or low-cost legal support below.)\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cb>Check the Bureau of Prisons’ search tool\u003c/b>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>According to the NILC, \u003ca href=\"https://www.latimes.com/california/story/2025-02-12/trump-administration-immigrants-dublin-federal-prison\">this year\u003c/a>, \u003ca href=\"https://www.nilc.org/wp-content/uploads/2025/04/How-to-Locate-a-ICE-Disappearance.pdf\">“CE began using prisons run by the Bureau of Prisons (BOP) to hold people for immigration cases.” \u003c/a>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>You can use \u003ca href=\"https://www.bop.gov/inmateloc/\">the Bureau of Prisons’ search tool\u003c/a> to look up a person. NILC says that people who are being held by the Bureau of Prisons should also show up in \u003ca href=\"https://locator.ice.gov/odls/#/search\">the ICE online locator system\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>If you know someone was detained nearby one of these prisons, \u003ca href=\"https://www.bop.gov/locations/map.jsp?region=WXR\">you can try calling that individual facility\u003c/a> too.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cb>Looking for a minor?\u003c/b>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>If you are trying to find a minor you suspect has been detained, you can call ICE at 1-800-203-7001.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>You can also email the\u003ca href=\"https://www.cbp.gov/sites/default/files/assets/documents/2018-Jun/next-steps-for-families.pdf\"> Office of Refugee Resettlement\u003c/a> at information@ORRNCC.com.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cb>Reach out to an ICE field office\u003c/b>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The ICE Enforcement and Removal Operations field office is in San Francisco, with an area of responsibility that includes \u003ca href=\"https://www.ice.gov/field-office/san-francisco-field-office\">Northern California, Hawaii, Guam and Saipan\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>You can contact theSF field office – which is located at 630 Sansome Street – by phone at (415) 365-8800 or by email at \u003ca href=\"mailto:SanFrancisco.Outreach@ice.dhs.gov\">SanFrancisco.Outreach@ice.dhs.gov\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Please note: NILC warns that if you’re calling or emailing a field office, \u003ca href=\"https://www.nilc.org/wp-content/uploads/2025/04/How-to-Locate-a-ICE-Disappearance.pdf\">“don’t give more information than you need to,”\u003c/a> and “only give the necessary A number or basic information, like name and country of birth, that you would use in the online locator.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>If you can’t reach anyone at the field office, San Francisco has an ICE Community Relations Officer, who can be reached at \u003ca href=\"mailto:CommunityRelations.SanFrancisco@ice.dhs.gov\">CommunityRelations.SanFrancisco@ice.dhs.gov\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cb>Call a detention facility\u003c/b>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>ICE’s website lists \u003ca href=\"https://www.ice.gov/detention-facilities\">five detention facilities\u003c/a> associated with the agency’s San Francisco field office, but not all of them are in the Bay Area or even California.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>If\u003ca href=\"https://www.usa.gov/detained-by-ice\"> you know someone is being held at a detention facility\u003c/a>, you can call to try to get more information about them. The facilities include:\u003c/p>\n\u003cul>\n\u003cli>\u003ca href=\"https://www.ice.gov/detain/detention-facilities/golden-state-annex\">Golden State Annex\u003c/a>, located in McFarland. The number is (661) 792-2731, and you can call between 8 a.m. and 3:30 p.m.\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>\u003ca href=\"https://www.ice.gov/detain/detention-facilities/mesa-verde-ice-processing-facility\">The Mesa Verde ICE Processing Center\u003c/a>, located in Bakersfield. You can call (661) 859-1028 between 8 a.m. and 3:30 p.m.\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>\u003ca href=\"https://www.ice.gov/detain/detention-facilities/federal-detention-center-honolulu-fdc-honolulu\">Federal Detention Center, Honolulu\u003c/a>, located in Hawaii. You can call (808) 529-1970 between 8 a.m. and 3 p.m. Hawaii is three hours behind San Francisco.\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>The \u003ca href=\"https://www.ice.gov/detain/detention-facilities/guam-department-corrections-hagatna-detention-facility\">Guam Department of Corrections, Hagatna Detention Facility\u003c/a>, is in Guam. You can call (671) 777-2976 between the hours of 7:30 a.m. and 3:30 p.m. Guam is 17 hours ahead of San Francisco.\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>The \u003ca href=\"https://www.ice.gov/detain/detention-facilities/cnmi-department-corrections\">CNMI Department of Corrections\u003c/a> is in Saipan. You can call (670) 237-6000 between the hours of 8 a.m. and 4 p.m. Saipan is 17 hours ahead of San Francisco.\u003c/li>\n\u003c/ul>\n\u003cp>According to ICE’s website, people detained cannot receive incoming calls. You would have to leave a message with the office, along with the detainee’s full name, alien registration number, as well as your name and telephone number where you can be reached.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cb>Contact the person’s consulate \u003c/b>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>According to \u003ca href=\"https://www.nilc.org/wp-content/uploads/2025/04/How-to-Locate-a-ICE-Disappearance.pdf\">the NILC\u003c/a>, “All immigrants in ICE jails \u003ca href=\"https://www.ice.gov/detain/detention-management/national-detainee-handbook\">have the right\u003c/a> to contact their country’s consulate.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>You can also try contacting this office yourself in an effort to find a person. However, the \u003ca href=\"https://www.nilc.org/wp-content/uploads/2025/04/How-to-Locate-a-ICE-Disappearance.pdf\">NILC strongly suggests\u003c/a> that you do \u003ci>not\u003c/i> do this if the person is applying for asylum or fears for their life back in said country.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>KPBS, the NPR and PBS station of San Diego, has a video guide on how to use publicly available data released by ICE:\u003c/p>\n\u003cblockquote class=\"tiktok-embed\" style=\"max-width: 605px; min-width: 325px;\" cite=\"https://www.tiktok.com/@kpbssandiego/video/7521816864264162591\" data-video-id=\"7521816864264162591\">\n\u003csection>\u003ca title=\"@kpbssandiego\" href=\"https://www.tiktok.com/@kpbssandiego?refer=embed\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">@kpbssandiego\u003c/a> Did you know that the federal government has a public spreadsheet that shows you exactly who is being held in immigration detention? It gives you an up-to-date picture of what is going on around the country, and is available for anyone to look up at any time. KPBS San Diego’s border reporter Gustavo Solis is here to show you how to access it. \u003ca title=\"sandiego\" href=\"https://www.tiktok.com/tag/sandiego?refer=embed\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">#sandiego\u003c/a> \u003ca title=\"border\" href=\"https://www.tiktok.com/tag/border?refer=embed\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">#border\u003c/a> \u003ca title=\"usmexicoborder\" href=\"https://www.tiktok.com/tag/usmexicoborder?refer=embed\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">#usmexicoborder\u003c/a> \u003ca title=\"ice\" href=\"https://www.tiktok.com/tag/ice?refer=embed\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">#ice\u003c/a> \u003ca title=\"immigration\" href=\"https://www.tiktok.com/tag/immigration?refer=embed\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">#immigration\u003c/a> \u003ca title=\"♬ original sound - KPBS San Diego\" href=\"https://www.tiktok.com/music/original-sound-KPBS-San-Diego-7521821993948252959?refer=embed\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">♬ original sound – KPBS San Diego\u003c/a>\u003c/section>\n\u003c/blockquote>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Look up their possible court date\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>If you are worried someone is being subject to expedited removal, check if they have a court hearing. “If someone has a pending court date, they have not yet been subject to expedited removal,” said Jordan Weiner, the legal director of the Removal Defense Program at La Raza Centro Legal in San Francisco. “But once expedited removal is applied, their court date will go away.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>You can search for someone’s next hearing date by using their A number on the \u003ca href=\"https://acis.eoir.justice.gov/en/\">Executive Office for Immigration Review’s website\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>People who are especially vulnerable to quick deportation without a hearing are those who are detained and do not have information showing up on the EOIR website – because they were never issued a notice to appear.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>If someone has their case dismissed or didn’t show up on the system and then later shows up with an upcoming court date, “this likely means they passed \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/news/12047018/how-legal-experts-advocates-are-responding-to-the-detention-of-asylum-seekers\">their credible fear interview\u003c/a> and are back in proceedings before an immigration judge,” Weiner explained.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Which is good because it means they can fight their case.”\u003c/p>\n\u003ch2>Hotlines for ICE encounters and sightings:\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>Immigration advocates highly encourage people who think they have seen ICE sightings in their neighborhood to call them instead of posting on social media. With these hotlines, \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/news/12024332/ice-raids-in-california-how-to-sort-fact-from-rumor-online\">the advocates can fact-check these sightings\u003c/a>. This practice aims to prevent the spread of misinformation online, which can ripple to larger panic in the community.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>These numbers can change, so be sure to visit \u003ca href=\"https://www.ccijustice.org/carrn\">California Collaborative for Immigrant Justice’s updated hotline list on their website\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cul>\n\u003cli>\u003ca href=\"https://immigrants.sf.gov/help/rapid-response\">San Francisco’s 24-hour hotline\u003c/a> to either report ICE sightings or get legal assistance: \u003cstrong>415-200-1548\u003c/strong>. This is run by the \u003ca href=\"https://sfilen.org/\">San Francisco Immigrant Legal & Education Network\u003c/a>\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>\u003ca href=\"https://www.centrolegal.org/acilep/\">Alameda County\u003c/a>: \u003cstrong>510-437-1554\u003c/strong>\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>\u003ca href=\"https://pactsj.org/\">Santa Clara County\u003c/a>: \u003cstrong>408-290-1144\u003c/strong>\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>\u003ca href=\"https://montereycountyrrn.com/\">Monterey County\u003c/a>: \u003cstrong>831-204-8082\u003c/strong>\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>\u003ca href=\"https://www.facebook.com/YARRsantacruz/\">Santa Cruz County\u003c/a>: \u003cstrong>831-239-4289\u003c/strong>\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>\u003ca href=\"https://www.marinrrn.org/\">Marin County\u003c/a>: \u003cstrong>415-991-4545\u003c/strong>\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>\u003ca href=\"https://podersf.org/wp-content/uploads/2023/11/Northern-California-Rapid-Response-Network.pdf\">San Mateo County\u003c/a>: \u003cstrong>203-666-4472\u003c/strong>\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>\u003ca href=\"https://standtogethercontracosta.org/\">Contra Costa County\u003c/a>: \u003cstrong>925-900-5151\u003c/strong>\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>Sacramento County: \u003cstrong>916-382-0256\u003c/strong>\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>\u003ca href=\"https://www.sirenimmigrantrights.org/\">Services, Immigration Rights and Education Network\u003c/a>: \u003cstrong>201-468-6088\u003c/strong> or \u003cstrong>918-609-4480\u003c/strong>\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>\u003ca href=\"http://northbayop.org/rapidresponse/\">Sonoma, Solano and Napa Counties\u003c/a>: \u003cstrong>707- 800-4544\u003c/strong>\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>\u003ca href=\"https://www.aclusocal.org/en/mobilejustice\">Mobile Justice\u003c/a>, which sends information, incident reporting, and more to the ACLU\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>If someone is inside a detention facility, they can dial \u003cstrong>9233# from a facility phone\u003c/strong> on Tuesdays, Wednesdays and Thursdays to reach the \u003ca href=\"https://www.freedomforimmigrants.org/resources\">National Immigration Detention Hotline\u003c/a>\u003c/li>\n\u003c/ul>\n\u003cp>More contacts can be found on \u003ca href=\"https://www.ccijustice.org/carrn\">California Collaborative for Immigrant Justice’s website\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003ca id=\"lawyer\">\u003c/a>Selected resources for free or low-cost legal support:\u003c/p>\n\u003cul>\n\u003cli>\u003ca href=\"https://www.centrolegal.org/\">Centro Legal de la Raza\u003c/a>\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>\u003ca href=\"https://www.larazacrc.org/\">La Raza Community\u003c/a>\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>\u003ca href=\"https://www.missionaction.org/find-services/\">Mission Action\u003c/a>\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>\u003ca href=\"https://mujeresunidas.net/en/programas/\">Mujeres Unidas y Activas\u003c/a>\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>\u003ca href=\"https://www.asianlawcaucus.org/\">Asian Law Center\u003c/a>\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>\u003ca href=\"https://immigrantsrising.org/\">Immigrants Rising\u003c/a>\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>\u003ca href=\"https://unitedwedream.org/our-work/undocuhealth-wellness/\">UndocuHealth\u003c/a>\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>\u003ca href=\"https://iibayarea.org/get-involved/\">Immigration Institute of the Bay Area\u003c/a>\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>\u003ca href=\"https://www.chirla.org/\">Coalition for Humane Immigrant Rights\u003c/a>\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>\u003ca href=\"https://www.sfbar.org/jdc/immigrant-legal-defense/attorney-of-the-day-resources-for-our-immigrant-community/\">Bar Association of San Francisco\u003c/a>\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>\u003ca href=\"https://www.immigrationadvocates.org/nonprofit/legaldirectory/search?state=CA\">National Immigration Legal Services Directory for California\u003c/a>\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>\u003ca href=\"https://www.informedimmigrant.com/help/\">Informed Immigrant\u003c/a>\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>\u003ca href=\"https://help.asylumadvocacy.org/private-attorneys/\">Private immigration lawyer look-up\u003c/a>\u003c/li>\n\u003c/ul>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>This story contains reporting from KQED’s Tyche Hendricks and Carly Severn.\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"slug": "mahmoud-khalil-told-a-judge-his-deportation-could-be-a-death-sentence-heres-why",
"title": "Mahmoud Khalil Told a Judge His Deportation Could Be a Death Sentence. Here's Why",
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"headTitle": "Mahmoud Khalil Told a Judge His Deportation Could Be a Death Sentence. Here’s Why | KQED",
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"content": "\u003cp>JENA, La. — The immigration judge was looking out over her courtroom. Mahmoud Khalil was sitting at a table next to his lawyers as they tried to convince her not to order him deported to the Middle East.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“His life is at stake, your honor,” one of them, Marc Van Der Hout, told the judge.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Khalil was focused and stern. But he kept getting distracted. His wife was sitting in the public gallery a few feet away, cradling their tiny newborn son, Deen. The baby was cooing. Everyone could hear. And each time, Khalil couldn’t resist a smile.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>It was a touch of levity in a courtroom otherwise heavy with the gravity of what was being discussed: Khalil’s fear that if he’s deported, the state of Israel might try to kill him.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Last month, Judge Jamee Comans ruled that \u003ca href=\"https://www.npr.org/2025/04/11/nx-s1-5361208/mahmoud-khalil-deported-judge-rubio-antisemitism-immigration-court\">\u003cu>Khalil could be deported \u003c/u>\u003c/a>because as an immigration judge she had no authority to question Secretary of State Marco Rubio’s determination that his pro-Palestinian activism at Columbia University was antisemitic and threatened U.S. foreign policy goals. Unless his lawyers believed he qualified for special protection like asylum, the judge said, she would order him expelled either to Syria, where he was born and raised in a camp for Palestinian refugees, or to Algeria, which gave him a passport because of his mother’s ancestry.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[aside postID=news_12041473 hero='https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2018/12/gettyimages-888870656-e9acdd0cdcb80ec5cd16b8a05023e4e5664f30fb-1020x765.jpg']\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>On Thursday, over 10 grueling hours behind the barbed wire of the Central Louisiana ICE Processing Center, where Khalil is being held, his lawyers called on experts via videoconference to convince the judge to grant him asylum and set him free. Here’s the heart of their argument: The Trump administration’s false, they say, and public accusations that Khalil is an anti-Semite and terrorist sympathizer have turned him into a high profile critic of Israel known around the world. Because of that, he said he fears that if he is deported to the Middle East, Israel could come after him.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“It could range from assassination, kidnapping, torture,” Khalil said during more than three hours of testimony that recalled key moments in his life, from his earliest memory in a Palestinian refugee camp near Damascus, Syria, to missing the birth of his son last month because he was locked up at the detention center 1,400 miles from his home in New York.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>President Trump, Secretary of State Rubio, and other government officials “mislabeled me a terrorist, a terrorist sympathizer or a Hamas supporter, which couldn’t be further from the truth. I advocate for human rights. I never engaged in antisemitic activities,” Khalil said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>He challenged the government lawyers sitting a few feet from him to offer any evidence to the contrary. “I became, not by choice, a celebrity – someone who has a target on his back by these mislabels. This means wherever I go in the world, I will have that target.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Judge Comans said it would be several weeks before she makes a decision on Khalil’s asylum claim. But whatever she decides will not be the final word on his fate. A federal judge in the Northeast has temporarily blocked the government from deporting him while he considers whether it violated Khalil’s constitutional right to free speech. Khalil’s lawyers are pursuing every legal option to stop his deportation and restore his green card, and have said they’ll go all the way to the Supreme Court if necessary.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_12041615\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 1800px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-full wp-image-12041615\" src=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2025/05/npr.brightspotcdn-copy-16.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"1800\" height=\"1350\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2025/05/npr.brightspotcdn-copy-16.jpg 1800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2025/05/npr.brightspotcdn-copy-16-800x600.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2025/05/npr.brightspotcdn-copy-16-1020x765.jpg 1020w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2025/05/npr.brightspotcdn-copy-16-160x120.jpg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2025/05/npr.brightspotcdn-copy-16-1536x1152.jpg 1536w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 1800px) 100vw, 1800px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Mahmoud Khalil has been appearing in an immigration court at the Central Louisiana ICE Processing Center, where he’s been held since immigration agents arrested him in New York on March 8. \u003ccite>(Adrian Florido/NPR)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>During Thursday’s asylum hearing, his lawyers questioned several experts on the Middle East about why they thought Khalil would be at risk if he’s sent back there.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“The U.S. has called him a pro-Hamas agent,” said Muriam Haleh Davis, a professor of the Middle East at U.C. Santa Cruz. She said Israel has historically targeted Hamas collaborators for assassination.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Khaled Elgindy, an expert on Israeli-Palestinian affairs at Georgetown University, told the court that Khalil’s newly elevated profile as a critic of Israel’s bombardment of Gaza puts him at risk of harm or arrest.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Khalil has achieved an ability to sway Americans, Elgindy said, so “he is a direct and potent threat to Israel’s objectives. If he can be targeted by the United States government, then certainly the Israelis would perceive him in a similar light.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Lisa Wedeen, a Syria expert at the University of Chicago, testified about the ease with which, if it wanted to, Israel could target Khalil there, given Syria’s political instability and Israel’s recent expansion of the territory it controls in the country.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“My biggest worry is that they’ll disappear him,” Wedeen said, because of “the latitude and impunity with which Israel is able to operate in Syria.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>During his testimony, Khalil said that in addition to fearing Israel, he’s also concerned that if he returns to Syria, he could be targeted by former operatives of Bashar al-Assad who’ve remained in the country since Assad’s government fell last December. Khalil, who is now 30, said he organized protests against Assad as a teenager in Syria and fled the country in 2013 after two cousins he often protested with were arrested.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The Department of Homeland Security did not call any witnesses of its own to challenge Khalil’s claim of fear. Whether it submitted written testimony is unclear.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But when he cross-examined Khalil, Numa Metoyer, a lawyer for the department, asked questions probing the level of danger Khalil would actually face.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>If he feared deportation to Syria, Metoyer asked him, why had he visited the country in January?\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Before March 8 was different than after March 8,” Khalil said, referring to the date ICE agents arrested him, leading President Trump to \u003ca href=\"https://x.com/POTUS/status/1899178095535350258\">\u003cu>call him\u003c/u>\u003c/a> a “Radical Foreign Pro-Hamas Student.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Because attention was brought to you here in this case, now you have been targeted by the Israeli government?” Metoyer asked.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The Department of Homeland Security did not immediately respond to questions about Khalil’s asylum claim. After the hearing, his lawyers said they hoped the judge will consider it “with an open mind.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>During his testimony, Khalil did too.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Although I have no faith in the immigration system,” he said, “I hope that my presence here is not merely a formality.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad floatright]\u003c/p>\n",
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"excerpt": "Mahmoud Khalil — whom a judge ruled could be deported last month — fears that if he's deported, the state of Israel might try to kill him.",
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"title": "Mahmoud Khalil Told a Judge His Deportation Could Be a Death Sentence. Here's Why | KQED",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>JENA, La. — The immigration judge was looking out over her courtroom. Mahmoud Khalil was sitting at a table next to his lawyers as they tried to convince her not to order him deported to the Middle East.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“His life is at stake, your honor,” one of them, Marc Van Der Hout, told the judge.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Khalil was focused and stern. But he kept getting distracted. His wife was sitting in the public gallery a few feet away, cradling their tiny newborn son, Deen. The baby was cooing. Everyone could hear. And each time, Khalil couldn’t resist a smile.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>It was a touch of levity in a courtroom otherwise heavy with the gravity of what was being discussed: Khalil’s fear that if he’s deported, the state of Israel might try to kill him.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Last month, Judge Jamee Comans ruled that \u003ca href=\"https://www.npr.org/2025/04/11/nx-s1-5361208/mahmoud-khalil-deported-judge-rubio-antisemitism-immigration-court\">\u003cu>Khalil could be deported \u003c/u>\u003c/a>because as an immigration judge she had no authority to question Secretary of State Marco Rubio’s determination that his pro-Palestinian activism at Columbia University was antisemitic and threatened U.S. foreign policy goals. Unless his lawyers believed he qualified for special protection like asylum, the judge said, she would order him expelled either to Syria, where he was born and raised in a camp for Palestinian refugees, or to Algeria, which gave him a passport because of his mother’s ancestry.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>On Thursday, over 10 grueling hours behind the barbed wire of the Central Louisiana ICE Processing Center, where Khalil is being held, his lawyers called on experts via videoconference to convince the judge to grant him asylum and set him free. Here’s the heart of their argument: The Trump administration’s false, they say, and public accusations that Khalil is an anti-Semite and terrorist sympathizer have turned him into a high profile critic of Israel known around the world. Because of that, he said he fears that if he is deported to the Middle East, Israel could come after him.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“It could range from assassination, kidnapping, torture,” Khalil said during more than three hours of testimony that recalled key moments in his life, from his earliest memory in a Palestinian refugee camp near Damascus, Syria, to missing the birth of his son last month because he was locked up at the detention center 1,400 miles from his home in New York.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>President Trump, Secretary of State Rubio, and other government officials “mislabeled me a terrorist, a terrorist sympathizer or a Hamas supporter, which couldn’t be further from the truth. I advocate for human rights. I never engaged in antisemitic activities,” Khalil said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>He challenged the government lawyers sitting a few feet from him to offer any evidence to the contrary. “I became, not by choice, a celebrity – someone who has a target on his back by these mislabels. This means wherever I go in the world, I will have that target.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Judge Comans said it would be several weeks before she makes a decision on Khalil’s asylum claim. But whatever she decides will not be the final word on his fate. A federal judge in the Northeast has temporarily blocked the government from deporting him while he considers whether it violated Khalil’s constitutional right to free speech. Khalil’s lawyers are pursuing every legal option to stop his deportation and restore his green card, and have said they’ll go all the way to the Supreme Court if necessary.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_12041615\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 1800px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-full wp-image-12041615\" src=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2025/05/npr.brightspotcdn-copy-16.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"1800\" height=\"1350\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2025/05/npr.brightspotcdn-copy-16.jpg 1800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2025/05/npr.brightspotcdn-copy-16-800x600.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2025/05/npr.brightspotcdn-copy-16-1020x765.jpg 1020w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2025/05/npr.brightspotcdn-copy-16-160x120.jpg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2025/05/npr.brightspotcdn-copy-16-1536x1152.jpg 1536w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 1800px) 100vw, 1800px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Mahmoud Khalil has been appearing in an immigration court at the Central Louisiana ICE Processing Center, where he’s been held since immigration agents arrested him in New York on March 8. \u003ccite>(Adrian Florido/NPR)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>During Thursday’s asylum hearing, his lawyers questioned several experts on the Middle East about why they thought Khalil would be at risk if he’s sent back there.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“The U.S. has called him a pro-Hamas agent,” said Muriam Haleh Davis, a professor of the Middle East at U.C. Santa Cruz. She said Israel has historically targeted Hamas collaborators for assassination.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Khaled Elgindy, an expert on Israeli-Palestinian affairs at Georgetown University, told the court that Khalil’s newly elevated profile as a critic of Israel’s bombardment of Gaza puts him at risk of harm or arrest.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Khalil has achieved an ability to sway Americans, Elgindy said, so “he is a direct and potent threat to Israel’s objectives. If he can be targeted by the United States government, then certainly the Israelis would perceive him in a similar light.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Lisa Wedeen, a Syria expert at the University of Chicago, testified about the ease with which, if it wanted to, Israel could target Khalil there, given Syria’s political instability and Israel’s recent expansion of the territory it controls in the country.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“My biggest worry is that they’ll disappear him,” Wedeen said, because of “the latitude and impunity with which Israel is able to operate in Syria.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>During his testimony, Khalil said that in addition to fearing Israel, he’s also concerned that if he returns to Syria, he could be targeted by former operatives of Bashar al-Assad who’ve remained in the country since Assad’s government fell last December. Khalil, who is now 30, said he organized protests against Assad as a teenager in Syria and fled the country in 2013 after two cousins he often protested with were arrested.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The Department of Homeland Security did not call any witnesses of its own to challenge Khalil’s claim of fear. Whether it submitted written testimony is unclear.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But when he cross-examined Khalil, Numa Metoyer, a lawyer for the department, asked questions probing the level of danger Khalil would actually face.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>If he feared deportation to Syria, Metoyer asked him, why had he visited the country in January?\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Before March 8 was different than after March 8,” Khalil said, referring to the date ICE agents arrested him, leading President Trump to \u003ca href=\"https://x.com/POTUS/status/1899178095535350258\">\u003cu>call him\u003c/u>\u003c/a> a “Radical Foreign Pro-Hamas Student.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Because attention was brought to you here in this case, now you have been targeted by the Israeli government?” Metoyer asked.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The Department of Homeland Security did not immediately respond to questions about Khalil’s asylum claim. After the hearing, his lawyers said they hoped the judge will consider it “with an open mind.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>During his testimony, Khalil did too.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Although I have no faith in the immigration system,” he said, “I hope that my presence here is not merely a formality.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cp>File folders and a laptop were spread across the dining room table in Marc Van Der Hout’s home in San Francisco’s Noe Valley neighborhood. The veteran immigration lawyer was working overtime to represent Mahmoud Khalil, one of the pro-Palestinian student activists the Trump \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/news/12035483/trump-administration-lays-out-its-evidence-for-deporting-activist-mahmoud-khalil\">administration has been trying to deport\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Khalil’s story has sparked national attention, but it’s not totally uncharted legal territory for Van Der Hout, 76. He has been fighting for the civil rights of immigrants for decades. This time, that means working on two cases at once.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>First, Van Der Hout and a law partner are fighting Khalil’s deportation before an immigration judge at the detention facility in Jena, La., where Khalil has been held for over two months.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Second, Van Der Hout is part of a national team of lawyers, including the ACLU and the Center for Constitutional Rights, arguing in federal district court in New Jersey that the Trump administration’s push to deport Khalil is illegal.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“You cannot deport someone under the laws for their beliefs,” Van Der Hout said. “That’s against the Constitution. But that’s what the government’s trying to do in this case and in other similar cases.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_12040213\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 2000px\">\u003ca href=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2025/05/250514-IMMIGRATIONLAWYER-01-BL-KQED.jpg\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-full wp-image-12040213\" src=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2025/05/250514-IMMIGRATIONLAWYER-01-BL-KQED.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"2000\" height=\"1333\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2025/05/250514-IMMIGRATIONLAWYER-01-BL-KQED.jpg 2000w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2025/05/250514-IMMIGRATIONLAWYER-01-BL-KQED-800x533.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2025/05/250514-IMMIGRATIONLAWYER-01-BL-KQED-1020x680.jpg 1020w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2025/05/250514-IMMIGRATIONLAWYER-01-BL-KQED-160x107.jpg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2025/05/250514-IMMIGRATIONLAWYER-01-BL-KQED-1536x1024.jpg 1536w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2025/05/250514-IMMIGRATIONLAWYER-01-BL-KQED-1920x1280.jpg 1920w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 2000px) 100vw, 2000px\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Marc Van Der Hout, a veteran immigration lawyer, sits in his offices in San Francisco on May 14, 2025. He’s representing Mahmoud Khalil, a Palestinian student and legal permanent resident who’s been detained for nearly two months as the federal government moves to revoke his green card over his political activism. \u003ccite>(Beth LaBerge/KQED)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Khalil, 30, was finishing his master’s degree at Columbia University’s School of International and Public Affairs when he was arrested March 8 in the lobby of his student apartment building by U.S. Immigration and Customs Enforcement agents. Administration officials later indicated that the \u003ca href=\"https://www.washingtonpost.com/documents/8a3cbff6-4589-43e1-8455-042fa9555e3c.pdf?itid=lk_inline_manual_4\">arrest\u003c/a> stemmed from his role in campus protests of Israel’s bombardment of Gaza, following Hamas’ attack on Israel in October 2023. Khalil, a Syrian-born Palestinian, has not been charged with a crime.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Khalil is among numerous immigrant students and academics who’ve been targeted by the Trump administration, especially after speaking out about the war in Gaza. But in recent days, judges have ordered ICE to release several of them from detention, including Columbia student Mohsen Mahdawi, Tufts University student Rumeysa Ozturk and Georgetown University scholar Badar Khan Suri.\u003c/p>\n\u003ch2>Echoes of the Cold War\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>Khalil’s case centers on \u003ca href=\"https://uscode.house.gov/view.xhtml?req=granuleid:USC-prelim-title8-section1227&num=0&edition=prelim\">an obscure 1952 provision in immigration law\u003c/a> that allows the Secretary of State to personally declare someone deportable if their presence or activities could have “serious adverse foreign policy consequences” —even if, like Khalil, they’re a lawful permanent resident (or green card holder), the most durable legal status a noncitizen can have.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Congress modified the Cold War-era law in 1990 to protect speech and associations that were otherwise lawful, and raised the standard for deportation. At that time, lawmakers said that the foreign policy deportation power \u003ca href=\"https://static01.nyt.com/newsgraphics/documenttools/7d4e4b335fe40d9e/7f7043c8-full.pdf\">should be used “sparingly” \u003c/a>and “not merely because there is a likelihood that an alien will make critical remarks about the United States or its policies.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[aside postID=forum_2010101909250 hero='https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/43/2025/03/GettyImages-2205115524-1-1020x574.jpg']\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“It has been rarely, rarely used,” Van Der Hout said. “It is completely \u003ca href=\"https://www.lawfaremedia.org/article/the-khalil-case-and-the-difference-lawful-permanent-resident-status-makes\">outrageous\u003c/a> that they are using this type of statute to go after Mahmoud in this case.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Over the years, Van Der Hout has litigated a number of nationally significant cases — and he said Khalil’s case echoes one from nearly four decades ago. In that case, which went all the way to the U.S. Supreme Court, the attorney represented a group of pro-Palestinian activists in Los Angeles, dubbed the LA-8, who the Reagan administration was trying to deport.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“They basically used the same facts: ‘You’re speaking out against U.S. policy in the Middle East, speaking out in support of Palestinian groups overseas,’” he said. “We eventually won that case, but it took 20 years.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Fast forward to today, and a similar argument is playing out.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Shortly after Khalil’s arrest, Secretary of State Marco Rubio appeared on CBS’ “Face the Nation” saying the government had the right to deport student visa holders, as well as green-card holders like Khalil, for their protest activity.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“We don’t need these people in our country. We never should have allowed them in in the first place,” he said. “If you are in this country to promote Hamas, to promote terrorist organizations, to participate in vandalism, to participate in acts of rebellion and riots on campus, we never would have let you in if we had known that.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_12040214\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 2000px\">\u003ca href=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2025/05/250514-IMMIGRATIONLAWYER-02-BL-KQED.jpg\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-full wp-image-12040214\" src=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2025/05/250514-IMMIGRATIONLAWYER-02-BL-KQED.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"2000\" height=\"1333\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2025/05/250514-IMMIGRATIONLAWYER-02-BL-KQED.jpg 2000w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2025/05/250514-IMMIGRATIONLAWYER-02-BL-KQED-800x533.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2025/05/250514-IMMIGRATIONLAWYER-02-BL-KQED-1020x680.jpg 1020w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2025/05/250514-IMMIGRATIONLAWYER-02-BL-KQED-160x107.jpg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2025/05/250514-IMMIGRATIONLAWYER-02-BL-KQED-1536x1024.jpg 1536w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2025/05/250514-IMMIGRATIONLAWYER-02-BL-KQED-1920x1280.jpg 1920w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 2000px) 100vw, 2000px\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">A group photo of those involved in the ‘Los Angeles Eight’ case sits on the desk of veteran immigration lawyer Marc Van Der Hout at his San Francisco office on May 14, 2025. Van Der Hout led the defense in this decades-long case challenging the government’s attempt to deport Palestinian activists for their political views. This legal fight affirmed First Amendment rights for immigrants and now shapes his defense of Mahmoud Khalil. \u003ccite>(Beth LaBerge/KQED)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>In a \u003ca href=\"https://www.nyclu.org/uploads/2025/03/04122025-Exhibit-Rubio-Determination.pdf\">memo\u003c/a> to the Department of Homeland Security, Rubio cited the rarely-used 1990 immigration statute and declared that Khalil was deportable because his presence in the U.S. would “compromise a compelling foreign policy interest” as a result of his participation in “antisemitic protests and disruptive activities, which fosters a hostile environment for Jewish students in the United States.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The memo was the only evidence the government submitted to the Louisiana immigration judge Jamee Comans in pressing for Khalil to be deported. And the judge did not allow Khalil’s legal team to present evidence in his defense at an April 10 hearing, Van Der Hout said. Instead, Comans swiftly ruled in the government’s favor, saying she had no authority to question Rubio’s determination. Comans’ ruling is not yet final, and she has set a second hearing in the immigration case for May 22.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Van Der Hout said the government’s logic is unfounded.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Really, what they’re saying is, if you criticize Israel, you’re antisemitic. And that’s basically what this case is about,” he said. “I’m Jewish, and I’ve criticized Israel many times for what it’s done to the Palestinian people, and that is not antisemitic.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>He added that Khalil has worked with Jewish groups and spoken out against antisemitism on Columbia’s campus. As evidence, several Jewish Columbia students submitted letters to the court testifying that they consider Khalil an ally, not an antagonist.\u003c/p>\n\u003ch2>A First Amendment Battle With Trump\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>What the case against Khalil is really about is free speech, Van Der Hout said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“I think it’s very frightening, and the American public should be very, very concerned that this administration is trying to restrict free speech — no matter whose it is,” he said. “Everybody in the United States, no matter what their status… is protected by the First Amendment of the Constitution. That is absolutely clear.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But President Trump’s border czar, Tom Homan, has called Khalil a “national security threat” and suggested the First Amendment does not protect his actions.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[aside postID=news_12039912 hero='https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2023/08/230828-ROB-BONTA-AP-MJS-KQED-1020x680.jpg']\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Can you stand at a movie theater and yell ‘Fire?’ Can you slander someone verbally? Free speech has limitations,” \u003ca href=\"https://spectrumlocalnews.com/nys/central-ny/news/2025/03/13/experts-weight-in-on-pushing-the-limits-on-the-first-amendment\">he said\u003c/a> in the days after Khalil’s arrest.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Khalil’s free speech argument is central to the case before U.S. District Judge Michael Farbiarz in New Jersey. Farbiarz, a Biden appointee, is \u003ca href=\"https://www.nyclu.org/court-cases/mahmoud-khalil-v-donald-j-trump\">considering a habeas corpus petition\u003c/a> charging that Khalil’s arrest and detention are unconstitutional violations of his rights and that the government is retaliating against him for his political views.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Though similar issues arose in the LA-8 case and a couple of others over the years, they were ultimately decided on other grounds, and the question of whether a green card holder can be deported for First Amendment-protected activity hasn’t been squarely settled, UCLA Law Professor Hiroshi Motomura said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“In a lot of the Trump administration immigration initiatives, they’re pushing things further than other administrations, and so you have issues that haven’t been in the courts before,” he said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In addition to the free speech concerns, Motomura described the case against Khalil as part of a sea change in the country’s approach to immigration. He said the Trump administration is trying to redefine \u003ca href=\"https://www.whitehouse.gov/presidential-actions/2025/01/protecting-the-american-people-against-invasion/\">immigrants as “invaders,”\u003c/a> undermining American society, in order to expel them. And it’s sowing doubt among green card holders about how permanent their legal status really is.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“The Trump Administration is saying to these folks, ‘Oh, you thought you were on the inside. You thought you were just about American. But guess what? You’re not.’” Motomura said. “What the administration is trying to do is a really radical intervention in all notions of who belongs and who doesn’t and how we think about this country. And that’s why it’s so fundamental.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_12040215\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 2000px\">\u003ca href=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2025/05/250514-IMMIGRATIONLAWYER-03-BL-KQED.jpg\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-full wp-image-12040215\" src=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2025/05/250514-IMMIGRATIONLAWYER-03-BL-KQED.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"2000\" height=\"1333\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2025/05/250514-IMMIGRATIONLAWYER-03-BL-KQED.jpg 2000w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2025/05/250514-IMMIGRATIONLAWYER-03-BL-KQED-800x533.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2025/05/250514-IMMIGRATIONLAWYER-03-BL-KQED-1020x680.jpg 1020w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2025/05/250514-IMMIGRATIONLAWYER-03-BL-KQED-160x107.jpg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2025/05/250514-IMMIGRATIONLAWYER-03-BL-KQED-1536x1024.jpg 1536w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2025/05/250514-IMMIGRATIONLAWYER-03-BL-KQED-1920x1280.jpg 1920w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 2000px) 100vw, 2000px\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Marc Van Der Hout, an immigration lawyer, speaks with his client, Mahmoud Khalil, on Zoom from his offices in San Francisco on May 14, 2025. \u003ccite>(Beth LaBerge/KQED)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Fielding emails and calls from his dining room table, Van Der Hout continued assembling evidence and editing legal briefs. He believes the outcome of Khalil’s case could have broader implications for Americans, as a test run for quashing dissent among those who speak out against the Trump administration.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“It is very frightening because, yes, it’s right now being directed at immigrants, but it could be directed at United States citizens very soon,” he said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Late last month, Judge Farbiarz \u003ca href=\"https://www.nyclu.org/uploads/2025/03/04292025-Opinion-jurisdiction-w.pdf\">ruled\u003c/a> that Khalil’s case can move forward. In it, Khalil is not only challenging his own detention and Rubio’s determination that he’s deportable, but asking the judge to find that the Trump administration’s policy of seeking to deport any noncitizen for “protected speech” is unconstitutional, Van Der Hout explained.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>For now, they wait. Farbiarz could rule any day —on the case as a whole or simply the question of whether Khalil can go home to New York while the legal fight unfolds. Last month, while he was incarcerated, Khalil’s wife gave birth to their first child. From the detention center, Khalil published \u003ca href=\"https://www.theguardian.com/commentisfree/2025/may/10/mahmoud-kahlil-letter-to-newborn-son\">an open letter to his newborn son\u003c/a> on Mother’s Day, saying he was “not absent out of apathy, but out of conviction.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“I probably speak to him every other day,” Van Der Hout said. “He is calm. He understands it’s a political fight. He understands he’s being made an example of.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad floatright]\u003c/p>\n",
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"title": "SF Immigration Attorney Says First Amendment Should Protect Mahmoud Khalil From Deportation | KQED",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>File folders and a laptop were spread across the dining room table in Marc Van Der Hout’s home in San Francisco’s Noe Valley neighborhood. The veteran immigration lawyer was working overtime to represent Mahmoud Khalil, one of the pro-Palestinian student activists the Trump \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/news/12035483/trump-administration-lays-out-its-evidence-for-deporting-activist-mahmoud-khalil\">administration has been trying to deport\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Khalil’s story has sparked national attention, but it’s not totally uncharted legal territory for Van Der Hout, 76. He has been fighting for the civil rights of immigrants for decades. This time, that means working on two cases at once.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>First, Van Der Hout and a law partner are fighting Khalil’s deportation before an immigration judge at the detention facility in Jena, La., where Khalil has been held for over two months.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Second, Van Der Hout is part of a national team of lawyers, including the ACLU and the Center for Constitutional Rights, arguing in federal district court in New Jersey that the Trump administration’s push to deport Khalil is illegal.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“You cannot deport someone under the laws for their beliefs,” Van Der Hout said. “That’s against the Constitution. But that’s what the government’s trying to do in this case and in other similar cases.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_12040213\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 2000px\">\u003ca href=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2025/05/250514-IMMIGRATIONLAWYER-01-BL-KQED.jpg\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-full wp-image-12040213\" src=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2025/05/250514-IMMIGRATIONLAWYER-01-BL-KQED.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"2000\" height=\"1333\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2025/05/250514-IMMIGRATIONLAWYER-01-BL-KQED.jpg 2000w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2025/05/250514-IMMIGRATIONLAWYER-01-BL-KQED-800x533.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2025/05/250514-IMMIGRATIONLAWYER-01-BL-KQED-1020x680.jpg 1020w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2025/05/250514-IMMIGRATIONLAWYER-01-BL-KQED-160x107.jpg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2025/05/250514-IMMIGRATIONLAWYER-01-BL-KQED-1536x1024.jpg 1536w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2025/05/250514-IMMIGRATIONLAWYER-01-BL-KQED-1920x1280.jpg 1920w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 2000px) 100vw, 2000px\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Marc Van Der Hout, a veteran immigration lawyer, sits in his offices in San Francisco on May 14, 2025. He’s representing Mahmoud Khalil, a Palestinian student and legal permanent resident who’s been detained for nearly two months as the federal government moves to revoke his green card over his political activism. \u003ccite>(Beth LaBerge/KQED)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Khalil, 30, was finishing his master’s degree at Columbia University’s School of International and Public Affairs when he was arrested March 8 in the lobby of his student apartment building by U.S. Immigration and Customs Enforcement agents. Administration officials later indicated that the \u003ca href=\"https://www.washingtonpost.com/documents/8a3cbff6-4589-43e1-8455-042fa9555e3c.pdf?itid=lk_inline_manual_4\">arrest\u003c/a> stemmed from his role in campus protests of Israel’s bombardment of Gaza, following Hamas’ attack on Israel in October 2023. Khalil, a Syrian-born Palestinian, has not been charged with a crime.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Khalil is among numerous immigrant students and academics who’ve been targeted by the Trump administration, especially after speaking out about the war in Gaza. But in recent days, judges have ordered ICE to release several of them from detention, including Columbia student Mohsen Mahdawi, Tufts University student Rumeysa Ozturk and Georgetown University scholar Badar Khan Suri.\u003c/p>\n\u003ch2>Echoes of the Cold War\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>Khalil’s case centers on \u003ca href=\"https://uscode.house.gov/view.xhtml?req=granuleid:USC-prelim-title8-section1227&num=0&edition=prelim\">an obscure 1952 provision in immigration law\u003c/a> that allows the Secretary of State to personally declare someone deportable if their presence or activities could have “serious adverse foreign policy consequences” —even if, like Khalil, they’re a lawful permanent resident (or green card holder), the most durable legal status a noncitizen can have.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Congress modified the Cold War-era law in 1990 to protect speech and associations that were otherwise lawful, and raised the standard for deportation. At that time, lawmakers said that the foreign policy deportation power \u003ca href=\"https://static01.nyt.com/newsgraphics/documenttools/7d4e4b335fe40d9e/7f7043c8-full.pdf\">should be used “sparingly” \u003c/a>and “not merely because there is a likelihood that an alien will make critical remarks about the United States or its policies.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“It has been rarely, rarely used,” Van Der Hout said. “It is completely \u003ca href=\"https://www.lawfaremedia.org/article/the-khalil-case-and-the-difference-lawful-permanent-resident-status-makes\">outrageous\u003c/a> that they are using this type of statute to go after Mahmoud in this case.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Over the years, Van Der Hout has litigated a number of nationally significant cases — and he said Khalil’s case echoes one from nearly four decades ago. In that case, which went all the way to the U.S. Supreme Court, the attorney represented a group of pro-Palestinian activists in Los Angeles, dubbed the LA-8, who the Reagan administration was trying to deport.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“They basically used the same facts: ‘You’re speaking out against U.S. policy in the Middle East, speaking out in support of Palestinian groups overseas,’” he said. “We eventually won that case, but it took 20 years.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Fast forward to today, and a similar argument is playing out.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Shortly after Khalil’s arrest, Secretary of State Marco Rubio appeared on CBS’ “Face the Nation” saying the government had the right to deport student visa holders, as well as green-card holders like Khalil, for their protest activity.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“We don’t need these people in our country. We never should have allowed them in in the first place,” he said. “If you are in this country to promote Hamas, to promote terrorist organizations, to participate in vandalism, to participate in acts of rebellion and riots on campus, we never would have let you in if we had known that.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_12040214\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 2000px\">\u003ca href=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2025/05/250514-IMMIGRATIONLAWYER-02-BL-KQED.jpg\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-full wp-image-12040214\" src=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2025/05/250514-IMMIGRATIONLAWYER-02-BL-KQED.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"2000\" height=\"1333\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2025/05/250514-IMMIGRATIONLAWYER-02-BL-KQED.jpg 2000w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2025/05/250514-IMMIGRATIONLAWYER-02-BL-KQED-800x533.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2025/05/250514-IMMIGRATIONLAWYER-02-BL-KQED-1020x680.jpg 1020w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2025/05/250514-IMMIGRATIONLAWYER-02-BL-KQED-160x107.jpg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2025/05/250514-IMMIGRATIONLAWYER-02-BL-KQED-1536x1024.jpg 1536w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2025/05/250514-IMMIGRATIONLAWYER-02-BL-KQED-1920x1280.jpg 1920w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 2000px) 100vw, 2000px\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">A group photo of those involved in the ‘Los Angeles Eight’ case sits on the desk of veteran immigration lawyer Marc Van Der Hout at his San Francisco office on May 14, 2025. Van Der Hout led the defense in this decades-long case challenging the government’s attempt to deport Palestinian activists for their political views. This legal fight affirmed First Amendment rights for immigrants and now shapes his defense of Mahmoud Khalil. \u003ccite>(Beth LaBerge/KQED)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>In a \u003ca href=\"https://www.nyclu.org/uploads/2025/03/04122025-Exhibit-Rubio-Determination.pdf\">memo\u003c/a> to the Department of Homeland Security, Rubio cited the rarely-used 1990 immigration statute and declared that Khalil was deportable because his presence in the U.S. would “compromise a compelling foreign policy interest” as a result of his participation in “antisemitic protests and disruptive activities, which fosters a hostile environment for Jewish students in the United States.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The memo was the only evidence the government submitted to the Louisiana immigration judge Jamee Comans in pressing for Khalil to be deported. And the judge did not allow Khalil’s legal team to present evidence in his defense at an April 10 hearing, Van Der Hout said. Instead, Comans swiftly ruled in the government’s favor, saying she had no authority to question Rubio’s determination. Comans’ ruling is not yet final, and she has set a second hearing in the immigration case for May 22.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Van Der Hout said the government’s logic is unfounded.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Really, what they’re saying is, if you criticize Israel, you’re antisemitic. And that’s basically what this case is about,” he said. “I’m Jewish, and I’ve criticized Israel many times for what it’s done to the Palestinian people, and that is not antisemitic.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>He added that Khalil has worked with Jewish groups and spoken out against antisemitism on Columbia’s campus. As evidence, several Jewish Columbia students submitted letters to the court testifying that they consider Khalil an ally, not an antagonist.\u003c/p>\n\u003ch2>A First Amendment Battle With Trump\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>What the case against Khalil is really about is free speech, Van Der Hout said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“I think it’s very frightening, and the American public should be very, very concerned that this administration is trying to restrict free speech — no matter whose it is,” he said. “Everybody in the United States, no matter what their status… is protected by the First Amendment of the Constitution. That is absolutely clear.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But President Trump’s border czar, Tom Homan, has called Khalil a “national security threat” and suggested the First Amendment does not protect his actions.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Can you stand at a movie theater and yell ‘Fire?’ Can you slander someone verbally? Free speech has limitations,” \u003ca href=\"https://spectrumlocalnews.com/nys/central-ny/news/2025/03/13/experts-weight-in-on-pushing-the-limits-on-the-first-amendment\">he said\u003c/a> in the days after Khalil’s arrest.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Khalil’s free speech argument is central to the case before U.S. District Judge Michael Farbiarz in New Jersey. Farbiarz, a Biden appointee, is \u003ca href=\"https://www.nyclu.org/court-cases/mahmoud-khalil-v-donald-j-trump\">considering a habeas corpus petition\u003c/a> charging that Khalil’s arrest and detention are unconstitutional violations of his rights and that the government is retaliating against him for his political views.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Though similar issues arose in the LA-8 case and a couple of others over the years, they were ultimately decided on other grounds, and the question of whether a green card holder can be deported for First Amendment-protected activity hasn’t been squarely settled, UCLA Law Professor Hiroshi Motomura said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“In a lot of the Trump administration immigration initiatives, they’re pushing things further than other administrations, and so you have issues that haven’t been in the courts before,” he said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In addition to the free speech concerns, Motomura described the case against Khalil as part of a sea change in the country’s approach to immigration. He said the Trump administration is trying to redefine \u003ca href=\"https://www.whitehouse.gov/presidential-actions/2025/01/protecting-the-american-people-against-invasion/\">immigrants as “invaders,”\u003c/a> undermining American society, in order to expel them. And it’s sowing doubt among green card holders about how permanent their legal status really is.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“The Trump Administration is saying to these folks, ‘Oh, you thought you were on the inside. You thought you were just about American. But guess what? You’re not.’” Motomura said. “What the administration is trying to do is a really radical intervention in all notions of who belongs and who doesn’t and how we think about this country. And that’s why it’s so fundamental.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_12040215\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 2000px\">\u003ca href=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2025/05/250514-IMMIGRATIONLAWYER-03-BL-KQED.jpg\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-full wp-image-12040215\" src=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2025/05/250514-IMMIGRATIONLAWYER-03-BL-KQED.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"2000\" height=\"1333\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2025/05/250514-IMMIGRATIONLAWYER-03-BL-KQED.jpg 2000w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2025/05/250514-IMMIGRATIONLAWYER-03-BL-KQED-800x533.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2025/05/250514-IMMIGRATIONLAWYER-03-BL-KQED-1020x680.jpg 1020w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2025/05/250514-IMMIGRATIONLAWYER-03-BL-KQED-160x107.jpg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2025/05/250514-IMMIGRATIONLAWYER-03-BL-KQED-1536x1024.jpg 1536w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2025/05/250514-IMMIGRATIONLAWYER-03-BL-KQED-1920x1280.jpg 1920w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 2000px) 100vw, 2000px\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Marc Van Der Hout, an immigration lawyer, speaks with his client, Mahmoud Khalil, on Zoom from his offices in San Francisco on May 14, 2025. \u003ccite>(Beth LaBerge/KQED)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Fielding emails and calls from his dining room table, Van Der Hout continued assembling evidence and editing legal briefs. He believes the outcome of Khalil’s case could have broader implications for Americans, as a test run for quashing dissent among those who speak out against the Trump administration.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“It is very frightening because, yes, it’s right now being directed at immigrants, but it could be directed at United States citizens very soon,” he said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Late last month, Judge Farbiarz \u003ca href=\"https://www.nyclu.org/uploads/2025/03/04292025-Opinion-jurisdiction-w.pdf\">ruled\u003c/a> that Khalil’s case can move forward. In it, Khalil is not only challenging his own detention and Rubio’s determination that he’s deportable, but asking the judge to find that the Trump administration’s policy of seeking to deport any noncitizen for “protected speech” is unconstitutional, Van Der Hout explained.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>For now, they wait. Farbiarz could rule any day —on the case as a whole or simply the question of whether Khalil can go home to New York while the legal fight unfolds. Last month, while he was incarcerated, Khalil’s wife gave birth to their first child. From the detention center, Khalil published \u003ca href=\"https://www.theguardian.com/commentisfree/2025/may/10/mahmoud-kahlil-letter-to-newborn-son\">an open letter to his newborn son\u003c/a> on Mother’s Day, saying he was “not absent out of apathy, but out of conviction.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“I probably speak to him every other day,” Van Der Hout said. “He is calm. He understands it’s a political fight. He understands he’s being made an example of.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cp>\u003cem>Updated 10:14 p.m. Saturday\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/news/tag/sonoma-state\">Sonoma State\u003c/a> can move forward with its broad academic and athletic cuts temporarily, a superior court judge ruled Friday.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Judge Kenneth English denied a preliminary injunction requested by six students who are \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/news/12036250/sonoma-states-deep-cuts-are-paused-by-judge-leaving-students-and-faculty-in-limbo\">suing the school\u003c/a> over its decision to \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/news/12023598/sonoma-state-is-eliminating-athletics-slashing-several-degree-programs-to-cut-budget\">cut more than 20 degree programs, six academic departments and all 11 of its NCAA athletics teams\u003c/a>. Their attorneys allege that Sonoma State failed to follow the California State University’s protocol for discontinuing academic programs and failed to provide meaningful evidence of the amount of money that discontinuing athletics would save.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Citing the university’s budget crisis, English ruled that maintaining its current athletic program “would interfere with Sonoma State’s academic mission as further budget cuts would need to be made regarding academic programs and student services.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In a statement on Saturday night, a spokesperson for the university said they appreciated the court’s “thoughtful and detailed order.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“These decisions are never easy and have a significant impact on our entire community,” Jeff Keating, a Sonoma State spokesperson, said in an email. “As we move forward, we remain committed to supporting our current students through this transition while ensuring that Sonoma State University is positioned to thrive as a dynamic campus, offering a diverse range of relevant majors and programs for our current and future students.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>David Seidel, one of two lawyers representing the students pro bono, said in an email on Friday that he thought the judge “got it wrong.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“We are assessing next steps in this important litigation to protect the students and student-athletes of Sonoma State from the destructive and unlawful conduct of the CSU,” Seidel said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The school announced the sweeping cuts in January in the face of a $24 million budget deficit brought on by \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/news/12025961/sonoma-state-1st-csu-slash-programs-likely-wont-be-last\">declines in enrollment and state funding\u003c/a>. The decision — revealed in an all-school email — spurred \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/news/12024772/angry-sonoma-state-university-community-protests-wide-cuts\">protests\u003c/a>, \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/news/12024572/sonoma-state-coaches-call-federal-investigation-elimination-athletics\">civil rights complaints\u003c/a> and the lawsuit against the university.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In March, six student-athletes filed a suit against Sonoma State, Interim President Emily Cutrer and CSU Chancellor Mildred García in Sonoma County Superior Court, alleging that they reached the decision to make the program cuts in violation of the CSU’s policy, which requires that the school engage with its academic senate and educational policies committee and proposes plans for current students to finish their discontinued degrees before making a final decision about program changes.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“They have to show their work,” attorney Ross Middlemiss said after English issued a temporary restraining order in April that forced the school to halt actions to eliminate academic programs. “These policies and regulations are in place to require that, and [the administrators] just blatantly ignored their own rules and went ahead and issued this really broad and harmful decision.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[aside postID=news_12036250 hero='https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2025/01/20250123_SonomaStateFile_GC-18-1020x680.jpg']\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The university contends that it did follow the school system’s process for discontinuing programs. David Kesselman, the lead attorney representing the university, said in court last Thursday that Sonoma State’s Jan. 22 email from Cutrer announcing the cuts to students and staff was a proposal, not a final decision.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>After the email announcement, he said, the school attempted to engage with the committee and senate, and in March, the senate voted to reject the cuts.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“They’ve chosen not to engage. That’s fine, that’s their right,” he said in court at a hearing last week.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>With English initially skeptical of the school’s argument that the decision announced in January was a proposal, not a done deal, Kesselman argued that the first concrete execution of the cuts came in April, after the senate’s vote in March.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Actual enrollment for fall didn’t open until April,” Kesselman said during last week’s hearing. “Senate and [the educational policies committee] weighed in before fall enrollment would start [and] wasn’t limited by the school until fall enrollment opened in April — after the March senate vote.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In his ruling, English said the argument that the school-wide email was a proposal, not a decision, “is not persuasive nor does it square with the evidence presented.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“The plain reading of that email indicates that a decision had been made to discontinue academic programs and that steps would be taken to implement that decision,” the ruling states.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Seidel argued that the athletic cuts should be stopped for a different reason — a lack of evidence that it will save the school money.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“When you look at [Sonoma State’s] citation of the $3.7 million that could be saved by cutting athletics, that’s a restatement … not a citation,” he said, referring to the two documents he said Cutrer and her staff have supplied as evidence for the savings. One of the documents is Sonoma State’s public budget.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_12024035\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 2000px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-full wp-image-12024035\" src=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2025/01/20250123_SonomaStateFile_GC-51.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"2000\" height=\"1333\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2025/01/20250123_SonomaStateFile_GC-51.jpg 2000w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2025/01/20250123_SonomaStateFile_GC-51-800x533.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2025/01/20250123_SonomaStateFile_GC-51-1020x680.jpg 1020w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2025/01/20250123_SonomaStateFile_GC-51-160x107.jpg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2025/01/20250123_SonomaStateFile_GC-51-1536x1024.jpg 1536w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2025/01/20250123_SonomaStateFile_GC-51-1920x1280.jpg 1920w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 2000px) 100vw, 2000px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Carson Warfield, left, and Abbey Healy, right, both athletes on Sonoma State’s soccer team, pose for a photo at the Sonoma State University soccer fields in Rohnert Park on Jan. 23, 2025. Sonoma State is cutting its entire Athletic Department, eliminating majors and laying off faculty to address a budget deficit. \u003ccite>(Gina Castro/KQED)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cdiv class=\"mceTemp\">\u003c/div>\n\u003cp>“It’s an assumption … simply a line item,” Seidel said. “There’s no evidence of how they calculated that.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>He also said the school failed to account for the money that athletics bring into the school through tuition.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“When a student leaves [Sonoma State], which student athletes will … and they don’t have to pay their athletic scholarship … they are also going to lose all of their enrollment money,” Seidel said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But Kesselman said the students’ attorneys needed to provide proof that the school had no evidence to back up its estimated savings, otherwise, “deference has to be given to the campus.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“The question is ‘Is there no evidence in the record?’” he said. “A vice president of the campus submitted a declaration explaining how we got here. This isn’t a huge math assignment, he explains how we got here.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>English ultimately agreed, saying in his ruling that the university “acted within their discretion to eliminate the athletics program if they have a reasonable belief that doing so would assist in their attempts to balance the budget,” which, he said, the evidence submitted in court supports.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Given the \u003cem>certainty\u003c/em> that at least $3.7 million in expenses that can be saved by eliminating the athletics program and the \u003cem>uncertainties \u003c/em>as to how much ‘revenue’ student-athletes would contribute towards the 2025–2026 Operating Budget if the athletics program continued operating, it cannot be said that [the university’s] decision to terminate the athletics program amounted to an abuse of discretion,” English wrote in his ruling.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In April, Sonoma State’s enrollment for the fall semester opened without the option for students to enroll in classes across most of the programs being cut, and the school has pulled its teams from their respective leagues for next year.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“This decision really truly is destroying the academic and athletic lives of many students … and that’s why we’re here,” Middlemiss said at the hearing last week.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Court records show English has set the next hearing in the case for July 11.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>KQED’s Brian Krans contributed to this report.\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad floatright]\u003c/p>\n",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>\u003cem>Updated 10:14 p.m. Saturday\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/news/tag/sonoma-state\">Sonoma State\u003c/a> can move forward with its broad academic and athletic cuts temporarily, a superior court judge ruled Friday.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Judge Kenneth English denied a preliminary injunction requested by six students who are \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/news/12036250/sonoma-states-deep-cuts-are-paused-by-judge-leaving-students-and-faculty-in-limbo\">suing the school\u003c/a> over its decision to \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/news/12023598/sonoma-state-is-eliminating-athletics-slashing-several-degree-programs-to-cut-budget\">cut more than 20 degree programs, six academic departments and all 11 of its NCAA athletics teams\u003c/a>. Their attorneys allege that Sonoma State failed to follow the California State University’s protocol for discontinuing academic programs and failed to provide meaningful evidence of the amount of money that discontinuing athletics would save.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Citing the university’s budget crisis, English ruled that maintaining its current athletic program “would interfere with Sonoma State’s academic mission as further budget cuts would need to be made regarding academic programs and student services.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In a statement on Saturday night, a spokesperson for the university said they appreciated the court’s “thoughtful and detailed order.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“These decisions are never easy and have a significant impact on our entire community,” Jeff Keating, a Sonoma State spokesperson, said in an email. “As we move forward, we remain committed to supporting our current students through this transition while ensuring that Sonoma State University is positioned to thrive as a dynamic campus, offering a diverse range of relevant majors and programs for our current and future students.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>David Seidel, one of two lawyers representing the students pro bono, said in an email on Friday that he thought the judge “got it wrong.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“We are assessing next steps in this important litigation to protect the students and student-athletes of Sonoma State from the destructive and unlawful conduct of the CSU,” Seidel said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The school announced the sweeping cuts in January in the face of a $24 million budget deficit brought on by \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/news/12025961/sonoma-state-1st-csu-slash-programs-likely-wont-be-last\">declines in enrollment and state funding\u003c/a>. The decision — revealed in an all-school email — spurred \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/news/12024772/angry-sonoma-state-university-community-protests-wide-cuts\">protests\u003c/a>, \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/news/12024572/sonoma-state-coaches-call-federal-investigation-elimination-athletics\">civil rights complaints\u003c/a> and the lawsuit against the university.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In March, six student-athletes filed a suit against Sonoma State, Interim President Emily Cutrer and CSU Chancellor Mildred García in Sonoma County Superior Court, alleging that they reached the decision to make the program cuts in violation of the CSU’s policy, which requires that the school engage with its academic senate and educational policies committee and proposes plans for current students to finish their discontinued degrees before making a final decision about program changes.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“They have to show their work,” attorney Ross Middlemiss said after English issued a temporary restraining order in April that forced the school to halt actions to eliminate academic programs. “These policies and regulations are in place to require that, and [the administrators] just blatantly ignored their own rules and went ahead and issued this really broad and harmful decision.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The university contends that it did follow the school system’s process for discontinuing programs. David Kesselman, the lead attorney representing the university, said in court last Thursday that Sonoma State’s Jan. 22 email from Cutrer announcing the cuts to students and staff was a proposal, not a final decision.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>After the email announcement, he said, the school attempted to engage with the committee and senate, and in March, the senate voted to reject the cuts.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“They’ve chosen not to engage. That’s fine, that’s their right,” he said in court at a hearing last week.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>With English initially skeptical of the school’s argument that the decision announced in January was a proposal, not a done deal, Kesselman argued that the first concrete execution of the cuts came in April, after the senate’s vote in March.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Actual enrollment for fall didn’t open until April,” Kesselman said during last week’s hearing. “Senate and [the educational policies committee] weighed in before fall enrollment would start [and] wasn’t limited by the school until fall enrollment opened in April — after the March senate vote.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In his ruling, English said the argument that the school-wide email was a proposal, not a decision, “is not persuasive nor does it square with the evidence presented.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“The plain reading of that email indicates that a decision had been made to discontinue academic programs and that steps would be taken to implement that decision,” the ruling states.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Seidel argued that the athletic cuts should be stopped for a different reason — a lack of evidence that it will save the school money.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“When you look at [Sonoma State’s] citation of the $3.7 million that could be saved by cutting athletics, that’s a restatement … not a citation,” he said, referring to the two documents he said Cutrer and her staff have supplied as evidence for the savings. One of the documents is Sonoma State’s public budget.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_12024035\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 2000px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-full wp-image-12024035\" src=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2025/01/20250123_SonomaStateFile_GC-51.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"2000\" height=\"1333\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2025/01/20250123_SonomaStateFile_GC-51.jpg 2000w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2025/01/20250123_SonomaStateFile_GC-51-800x533.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2025/01/20250123_SonomaStateFile_GC-51-1020x680.jpg 1020w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2025/01/20250123_SonomaStateFile_GC-51-160x107.jpg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2025/01/20250123_SonomaStateFile_GC-51-1536x1024.jpg 1536w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2025/01/20250123_SonomaStateFile_GC-51-1920x1280.jpg 1920w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 2000px) 100vw, 2000px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Carson Warfield, left, and Abbey Healy, right, both athletes on Sonoma State’s soccer team, pose for a photo at the Sonoma State University soccer fields in Rohnert Park on Jan. 23, 2025. Sonoma State is cutting its entire Athletic Department, eliminating majors and laying off faculty to address a budget deficit. \u003ccite>(Gina Castro/KQED)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cdiv class=\"mceTemp\">\u003c/div>\n\u003cp>“It’s an assumption … simply a line item,” Seidel said. “There’s no evidence of how they calculated that.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>He also said the school failed to account for the money that athletics bring into the school through tuition.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“When a student leaves [Sonoma State], which student athletes will … and they don’t have to pay their athletic scholarship … they are also going to lose all of their enrollment money,” Seidel said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But Kesselman said the students’ attorneys needed to provide proof that the school had no evidence to back up its estimated savings, otherwise, “deference has to be given to the campus.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“The question is ‘Is there no evidence in the record?’” he said. “A vice president of the campus submitted a declaration explaining how we got here. This isn’t a huge math assignment, he explains how we got here.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>English ultimately agreed, saying in his ruling that the university “acted within their discretion to eliminate the athletics program if they have a reasonable belief that doing so would assist in their attempts to balance the budget,” which, he said, the evidence submitted in court supports.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Given the \u003cem>certainty\u003c/em> that at least $3.7 million in expenses that can be saved by eliminating the athletics program and the \u003cem>uncertainties \u003c/em>as to how much ‘revenue’ student-athletes would contribute towards the 2025–2026 Operating Budget if the athletics program continued operating, it cannot be said that [the university’s] decision to terminate the athletics program amounted to an abuse of discretion,” English wrote in his ruling.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In April, Sonoma State’s enrollment for the fall semester opened without the option for students to enroll in classes across most of the programs being cut, and the school has pulled its teams from their respective leagues for next year.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“This decision really truly is destroying the academic and athletic lives of many students … and that’s why we’re here,” Middlemiss said at the hearing last week.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Court records show English has set the next hearing in the case for July 11.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>KQED’s Brian Krans contributed to this report.\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"title": "SF Judge Pauses Much of Trump Administration’s Massive Downsizing of Federal Agencies",
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"content": "\u003cp>The Trump administration must halt much of its \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/news/12038026/san-francisco-santa-clara-counties-sue-trump-over-mass-doge-led-firings\">dramatic downsizing\u003c/a> of the federal workforce, a federal judge in San Francisco ordered Friday.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>U.S. District Judge Susan Illston issued the emergency order in a lawsuit filed last week by labor unions and cities, one of multiple legal challenges to Republican President Donald Trump’s efforts to shrink the size of a federal government he calls bloated and expensive.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“The Court holds the President likely must request Congressional cooperation to order the changes he seeks, and thus issues a temporary restraining order to pause large-scale reductions in force in the meantime,” Illston wrote in her order.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The temporary restraining order directs numerous federal agencies to halt acting on the president’s \u003ca href=\"https://apnews.com/article/trump-downsizing-federal-workers-doge-00683abc4de44a151f26aaa6cb0d0f30\">workforce executive order\u003c/a> signed in February and a \u003ca href=\"https://apnews.com/article/trump-elon-musk-federal-workers-layoffs-d295d4bb2cdd5023c27d9cb03754e81b\">subsequent memo\u003c/a> issued by the \u003ca href=\"https://apnews.com/article/elon-musk-doge-donald-trump-962778979dd35ea79d6092df9cb2cb56\">Department of Government Efficiency\u003c/a> and the Office of Personnel Management.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The order, which expires in 14 days, does not require departments to rehire people. Plaintiffs asked that the effective date of any agency action be postponed and that departments stop implementing or enforcing the executive order, including taking any further action.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>They limited their request to departments where dismantlement is already underway or poised to be underway, including at the the \u003ca href=\"https://apnews.com/hub/us-department-of-health-and-human-services\">U.S. Department of Health and Human Services\u003c/a>, which \u003ca href=\"https://apnews.com/article/health-human-services-layoffs-restructuring-rfk-jr-fa4e89285e668a3939e20b6cf4c26fd4\">announced in March\u003c/a> it will lay off 10,000 workers and centralize divisions.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Illston, who was nominated to the bench by former President Bill Clinton, a Democrat, said at a hearing Friday the president has authority to seek changes in the executive branch departments and agencies created by Congress.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“But he must do so in lawful ways,” she said. “He must do so with the cooperation of Congress, the Constitution is structured that way.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[aside postID=news_12031166 hero='https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2025/01/DonaldTrumpEOGetty-1020x664.jpg']\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Trump has repeatedly said voters gave him a mandate to remake the federal government, and he tapped billionaire Elon Musk to lead the charge through DOGE.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Tens of thousands of federal workers have been fired, left their jobs via deferred resignation programs or have been placed on leave as a result of Trump’s government-shrinking efforts. There is \u003ca href=\"https://apnews.com/article/doge-firings-layoffs-federal-government-workers-musk-d33cdd7872d64d2bdd8fe70c28652654\">no official figure for the job cuts\u003c/a>, but at least 75,000 federal employees took deferred resignation, and thousands of probationary workers have already been let go.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In her order, Illston gave several examples to show the impact of the downsizing. One union that represents federal workers who research health hazards faced by mineworkers said it was poised to lose 221 of 222 workers in the Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, office; a Vermont farmer didn’t receive a timely inspection on his property to receive disaster aid after flooding and missed an important planting window; a reduction in Social Security Administration workers has led to longer wait times for recipients.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>All the agencies impacted were created by Congress, she noted.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Lawyers for the government argued Friday that the executive order and memo calling for large-scale personnel reductions and reorganization plans provided only general principles that agencies should follow in exercising their own decision-making process.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“It expressly invites comments and proposals for legislative engagement as part of policies that those agencies wish to implement,” Eric Hamilton, a deputy assistant attorney general, said of the memo. “It is setting out guidance.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But Danielle Leonard, an attorney for plaintiffs, said it was clear that the president, DOGE and OPM were making decisions outside of their authority and not inviting dialogue from agencies.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“They are not waiting for these planning documents” to go through long processes, she said. “They’re not asking for approval, and they’re not waiting for it.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The temporary restraining order applies to departments including the departments of Agriculture, Energy, Labor, Interior, State, Treasury and Veterans Affairs.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>It also applies to the National Science Foundation, Small Business Association, Social Security Administration and Environmental Protection Agency.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Some of the labor unions and nonprofit groups are also plaintiffs in another lawsuit before a San Francisco judge challenging the mass firings of probationary workers. In that case, Judge William Alsup ordered the government in March \u003ca href=\"https://apnews.com/article/mass-firings-federal-workers-trump-administration-7cc7320f469cc65529367aaea2fd9dcb\">to reinstate those workers\u003c/a>, but the U.S. Supreme Court \u003ca href=\"https://apnews.com/article/supreme-court-trump-mass-firings-02e218d2b7ee59925ddcb597b6b0a4fe\">later blocked his order\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Plaintiffs include the cities of San Francisco, Chicago and Baltimore; labor group American Federation of Government Employees; and nonprofit groups Alliance for Retired Americans, Center for Taxpayer Rights and Coalition to Protect America’s National Parks.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>The Trump administration must halt much of its \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/news/12038026/san-francisco-santa-clara-counties-sue-trump-over-mass-doge-led-firings\">dramatic downsizing\u003c/a> of the federal workforce, a federal judge in San Francisco ordered Friday.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>U.S. District Judge Susan Illston issued the emergency order in a lawsuit filed last week by labor unions and cities, one of multiple legal challenges to Republican President Donald Trump’s efforts to shrink the size of a federal government he calls bloated and expensive.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“The Court holds the President likely must request Congressional cooperation to order the changes he seeks, and thus issues a temporary restraining order to pause large-scale reductions in force in the meantime,” Illston wrote in her order.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The temporary restraining order directs numerous federal agencies to halt acting on the president’s \u003ca href=\"https://apnews.com/article/trump-downsizing-federal-workers-doge-00683abc4de44a151f26aaa6cb0d0f30\">workforce executive order\u003c/a> signed in February and a \u003ca href=\"https://apnews.com/article/trump-elon-musk-federal-workers-layoffs-d295d4bb2cdd5023c27d9cb03754e81b\">subsequent memo\u003c/a> issued by the \u003ca href=\"https://apnews.com/article/elon-musk-doge-donald-trump-962778979dd35ea79d6092df9cb2cb56\">Department of Government Efficiency\u003c/a> and the Office of Personnel Management.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The order, which expires in 14 days, does not require departments to rehire people. Plaintiffs asked that the effective date of any agency action be postponed and that departments stop implementing or enforcing the executive order, including taking any further action.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>They limited their request to departments where dismantlement is already underway or poised to be underway, including at the the \u003ca href=\"https://apnews.com/hub/us-department-of-health-and-human-services\">U.S. Department of Health and Human Services\u003c/a>, which \u003ca href=\"https://apnews.com/article/health-human-services-layoffs-restructuring-rfk-jr-fa4e89285e668a3939e20b6cf4c26fd4\">announced in March\u003c/a> it will lay off 10,000 workers and centralize divisions.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Illston, who was nominated to the bench by former President Bill Clinton, a Democrat, said at a hearing Friday the president has authority to seek changes in the executive branch departments and agencies created by Congress.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“But he must do so in lawful ways,” she said. “He must do so with the cooperation of Congress, the Constitution is structured that way.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Trump has repeatedly said voters gave him a mandate to remake the federal government, and he tapped billionaire Elon Musk to lead the charge through DOGE.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Tens of thousands of federal workers have been fired, left their jobs via deferred resignation programs or have been placed on leave as a result of Trump’s government-shrinking efforts. There is \u003ca href=\"https://apnews.com/article/doge-firings-layoffs-federal-government-workers-musk-d33cdd7872d64d2bdd8fe70c28652654\">no official figure for the job cuts\u003c/a>, but at least 75,000 federal employees took deferred resignation, and thousands of probationary workers have already been let go.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In her order, Illston gave several examples to show the impact of the downsizing. One union that represents federal workers who research health hazards faced by mineworkers said it was poised to lose 221 of 222 workers in the Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, office; a Vermont farmer didn’t receive a timely inspection on his property to receive disaster aid after flooding and missed an important planting window; a reduction in Social Security Administration workers has led to longer wait times for recipients.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>All the agencies impacted were created by Congress, she noted.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Lawyers for the government argued Friday that the executive order and memo calling for large-scale personnel reductions and reorganization plans provided only general principles that agencies should follow in exercising their own decision-making process.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“It expressly invites comments and proposals for legislative engagement as part of policies that those agencies wish to implement,” Eric Hamilton, a deputy assistant attorney general, said of the memo. “It is setting out guidance.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But Danielle Leonard, an attorney for plaintiffs, said it was clear that the president, DOGE and OPM were making decisions outside of their authority and not inviting dialogue from agencies.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“They are not waiting for these planning documents” to go through long processes, she said. “They’re not asking for approval, and they’re not waiting for it.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The temporary restraining order applies to departments including the departments of Agriculture, Energy, Labor, Interior, State, Treasury and Veterans Affairs.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>It also applies to the National Science Foundation, Small Business Association, Social Security Administration and Environmental Protection Agency.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Some of the labor unions and nonprofit groups are also plaintiffs in another lawsuit before a San Francisco judge challenging the mass firings of probationary workers. In that case, Judge William Alsup ordered the government in March \u003ca href=\"https://apnews.com/article/mass-firings-federal-workers-trump-administration-7cc7320f469cc65529367aaea2fd9dcb\">to reinstate those workers\u003c/a>, but the U.S. Supreme Court \u003ca href=\"https://apnews.com/article/supreme-court-trump-mass-firings-02e218d2b7ee59925ddcb597b6b0a4fe\">later blocked his order\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Plaintiffs include the cities of San Francisco, Chicago and Baltimore; labor group American Federation of Government Employees; and nonprofit groups Alliance for Retired Americans, Center for Taxpayer Rights and Coalition to Protect America’s National Parks.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>",
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"slug": "california-republicans-want-to-get-tougher-on-crime-are-democrats-shifting-their-way",
"title": "California Republicans Want to Get Tougher on Crime. Are Democrats Shifting Their Way?",
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"headTitle": "California Republicans Want to Get Tougher on Crime. Are Democrats Shifting Their Way? | KQED",
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"content": "\u003cp>\u003c!-- Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/ -->\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>This story was originally published by \u003ca href=\"https://calmatters.org/\">CalMatters\u003c/a>. \u003ca href=\"https://calmatters.org/subscribe-to-calmatters/\">Sign up\u003c/a> for their newsletters.\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Republican state Sen. Brian Jones has been trying to block sex offenders from being released from prison through California’s elderly parole program for several years. Last week, for the first time, his bill to do so made it out of its first committee.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>It was just one of many votes \u003ca href=\"https://leginfo.legislature.ca.gov/faces/billTextClient.xhtml?bill_id=202520260SB286\">Senate Bill 286\u003c/a> will have to survive in a long road ahead in the Capitol, but it caught Jones’ attention. In a Legislature dominated by Democrats who often shelve Republican tough-on-crime proposals, the approval from the Senate Public Safety Committee was unanimous.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“I don’t think it would have passed a committee last year,” said Jones, the Senate minority leader.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>California’s Democratic legislators — who for years have been passing progressive measures designed to reduce sentences and lessen mass incarceration by emphasizing more rehabilitative solutions to crime — were dealt a blow last fall when an overwhelming majority of voters approved \u003ca href=\"https://calmatters.org/justice/2025/02/prop-36-arrests-treatment/\">Proposition 36\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The measure backed by business owners, police and Republicans, increased sentences for some drug and theft crimes, partially undoing more lenient measures that voters approved just 10 years ago. Though many Democrats opposed the measure, they’re now tasked with providing funding to carry it out.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Jones, of San Diego, said he’s seeing Democrats inching toward stricter incarceration measures as a result. He said he saw a window to bring back the legislation this year.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“The smart Democrats are getting it,” he said. “The voters spoke overwhelmingly.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[aside postID=news_12035165 hero='https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/10/241022-Prop36-07-BL_qed-1020x680.jpg']\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The Public Safety Committee also gave unanimous approval this month for another bill Jones authored, \u003ca href=\"https://leginfo.legislature.ca.gov/faces/billTextClient.xhtml?bill_id=202520260SB379\">SB 379\u003c/a>, that would add regulatory guardrails before the Department of State Hospitals releases sexually violent predators. It’s his fourth year in a row pushing that measure; the proposal passed the Senate and died in the Assembly last year, after failing to clear a single committee both years before that. \u003ca href=\"https://leginfo.legislature.ca.gov/faces/billNavClient.xhtml?bill_id=202520260SB432\">SB 432\u003c/a>, authored by a different Republican senator to increase penalties for selling or giving fentanyl to minors, also got unanimous approval in the committee this month.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Freshman Sen. Jesse Arreguín, an Oakland Democrat who chairs the committee, said his fellow Democrats don’t intend to return to an era of overcrowded prisons or harsh penalties for lower-level crimes. But he acknowledged they’re also shifting their thinking in response to their voters, and called that approach “pragmatic.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“That was the direction I was given as chair of the Public Safety Committee, was that we need to provide more balance in terms of how we look at criminal justice policy,” he said, referring to the Democratic caucus. “Just focusing specifically on restorative justice and prevention, and not focusing on accountability (for offenders), that’s not where the voters are now.”\u003c/p>\n\u003ch2>Criminal justice reforms still advancing\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>So far, the shift hasn’t been enough to worry Tinisch Hollins, executive director of Californians for Safety and Justice, a group that advocates for reduced imprisonment and pushed for the 2014 sentencing changes that voters approved.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>She pointed to bills her organization has sponsored that are also advancing through the Legislature, including legislation to expand the state’s \u003ca href=\"https://calmatters.org/justice/2024/03/california-criminal-records-expungement-law/\">efforts to clear criminal records\u003c/a> to give past offenders second chances, and to require that the California Department of Corrections \u003ca href=\"https://leginfo.legislature.ca.gov/faces/billNavClient.xhtml?bill_id=202520260AB622\">apply more good behavior credits\u003c/a> to reduce prisoners’ time served. With the state tight on cash, she said she doesn’t believe lawmakers will be eager to significantly increase imprisonment and sees a “consensus that we shouldn’t go back that way.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Even Prop. 36 wasn’t a referendum on reform,” Hollins said. “There’s still plenty of support for different approaches to public safety that really address the root cause and prevent crime from happening in the first place.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Any stricter measures the Legislature approves this year will ultimately be narrow, with Republicans pointing to extreme examples to push their case.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_12036707\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 2000px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-full wp-image-12036707\" src=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2025/04/09012023-Suspense-RL-CM-12-copy.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"2000\" height=\"1333\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2025/04/09012023-Suspense-RL-CM-12-copy.jpg 2000w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2025/04/09012023-Suspense-RL-CM-12-copy-800x533.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2025/04/09012023-Suspense-RL-CM-12-copy-1020x680.jpg 1020w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2025/04/09012023-Suspense-RL-CM-12-copy-160x107.jpg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2025/04/09012023-Suspense-RL-CM-12-copy-1536x1024.jpg 1536w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2025/04/09012023-Suspense-RL-CM-12-copy-1920x1280.jpg 1920w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 2000px) 100vw, 2000px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">State Senate Minority Leader Brian Jones, a San Diego Republican, during the state Senate Appropriations Committee session in Sacramento on Sept. 1, 2023. \u003ccite>(Rahul Lal for CalMatters)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Jones’ elderly parole bill targets a program the Corrections Department first created in 2014, in response to a court order to reduce prison crowding, that allows prisoners who are older than 60 and have served at least 25 years of their sentences to petition for release.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>He tried in 2019 to restrict those convicted of sex offenses from being eligible; the bill never got a hearing. In 2020, lawmakers quietly lowered the eligibility for some prisoners to age 50, if they’ve served at least 20 years, though many have not been approved for release. The following year, Jones proposed a bill undoing that change for sex offenders, which went nowhere.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Between January 2021 and June 2024, the Board of Parole Hearings released 1,762 people through the elderly parole program, corrections spokesperson Emily Humpal wrote in an email. Department data analyzed by CalMatters show that while more people have been released under the elder program since 2021, the rates at which the board grants parole fluctuate between 14% and 20% each year, hovering just above the board’s overall parole-granting rate. The department would not immediately provide a breakdown of their convictions, nor of how many of those released were between the ages of 50 and 60.[aside postID=news_12030919 hero='https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/10/SFUnionSqGetty-1020x680.jpg']Now, 12,303 people currently imprisoned – nearly 14% of the prison population – are eligible for either form of elderly parole, Humpal said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Jones’ bill would bar those convicted of sexual felonies such as rape and child sexual abuse from parole eligibility at age 50. It would not affect their eligibility upon turning 60, or the parole eligibility date in their original sentences.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>He also proposed blocking the earlier eligibility from people convicted of murder, but Arreguín’s committee removed that provision with Jones’ agreement before voting to advance the bill.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Proponents of the measure, including San Diego County District Attorney Summer Stephan, say victims shouldn’t be forced to relive the trauma of parole hearings and the prospect of their abusers’ release before the end of their original sentences.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>They point to Mary Johnson, who identified herself as the childhood victim of rape and sexual abuse by her uncle. The abuser, Cody Klemp, was originally sentenced in the 1990s to 170 years. In 2023, under the elderly parole program, the Board of Parole Hearings recommended his release — then rescinded the decision last year. His next hearing is scheduled for 2029.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Suddenly, I was no longer a 49-year-old woman, but I was a 13-year-old trapped and powerless and fighting again,” Johnson said in a press conference. “No victim’s family should have to fight over and over again to ensure that a dangerous predator serves the sentence that they were given.”\u003c/p>\n\u003ch2>Closing the doors on the rehabilitated?\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>A group of criminal justice reform and civil rights advocates including the American Civil Liberties Union opposes the legislation, arguing it would close the door on those who have been rehabilitated in prison and pose less of a public safety risk. \u003ca href=\"https://www.cjcj.org/media/import/documents/recidivism_among_older_adults_correlates_of_prison_reentry.pdf\">Studies have found\u003c/a> the chances of re-offense \u003ca href=\"https://www.ussc.gov/research/research-reports/effects-aging-recidivism-among-federal-offenders\">decrease as a defendant ages\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Gary Harrell, who was given a life sentence for his participation in a murder, testified that despite becoming eligible for parole in 1984, he wasn’t released until about 40 years later, after he had gone before the parole board about 20 times. He said in the last two decades of his incarceration, he turned his life around, and now works a day job while in his spare time giving homeless Sacramento residents food and hygiene products.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“I have taken so much from others and now it’s time to give back and do my part to make the world a better place,” he said. “I hope you can see that the people who will be impacted by this bill are people like me who have changed and want to give back.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Arreguín said he proposed removing Jones’ exclusion of people convicted of murder to focus the bill on sex offenses.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>That tactic has yielded bipartisan backing in the last legislative session.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In 2023, Republican Sen. Shannon Grove of Bakersfield pushed \u003ca href=\"https://calmatters.org/justice/2023/07/child-trafficking-bill-california-legislature/\">a bill \u003c/a>to increase penalties for child sex trafficking. Democrats in the Assembly Public Safety Committee resisted but, after a public outcry, Gov. Gavin Newsom stepped in with rare public comments in support of the legislation, which ultimately won more Democratic support and his signature.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Last year Grove’s bill to increase penalties for soliciting a minor for prostitution — targeting the buyers of sex — also prevailed. Senate Democrats carved out exclusions for 16- and 17-year-olds who are allegedly solicited, out of concern it would inadvertently rope in older teenagers who aren’t actually involved in or victims of trafficking. (The legal age of consent is 18.) This year, Grove is turning heads with a bill, \u003ca href=\"https://leginfo.legislature.ca.gov/faces/billNavClient.xhtml?bill_id=202520260AB379\">Assembly Bill 379\u003c/a>, co-authored with an Assembly Democrat, to undo those exclusions and apply the changes to all minors.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Jones acknowledged the tactic of focusing on sexual offenses is an incremental step toward tightening criminal sentences overall.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“We’re smart enough to know how far we can go,” he said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>This article was \u003ca href=\"https://calmatters.org/politics/2025/04/california-democrats-crime/\">originally published on CalMatters\u003c/a> and was republished under the \u003ca href=\"https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/\">Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives\u003c/a> license.\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad floatright]\u003c/p>\n",
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"excerpt": "A California Republican state senator finds his crime bills getting a warmer welcome this year. Democrats say they’re just responding to their voters.",
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"title": "California Republicans Want to Get Tougher on Crime. Are Democrats Shifting Their Way? | KQED",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>\u003c!-- Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/ -->\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>This story was originally published by \u003ca href=\"https://calmatters.org/\">CalMatters\u003c/a>. \u003ca href=\"https://calmatters.org/subscribe-to-calmatters/\">Sign up\u003c/a> for their newsletters.\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Republican state Sen. Brian Jones has been trying to block sex offenders from being released from prison through California’s elderly parole program for several years. Last week, for the first time, his bill to do so made it out of its first committee.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>It was just one of many votes \u003ca href=\"https://leginfo.legislature.ca.gov/faces/billTextClient.xhtml?bill_id=202520260SB286\">Senate Bill 286\u003c/a> will have to survive in a long road ahead in the Capitol, but it caught Jones’ attention. In a Legislature dominated by Democrats who often shelve Republican tough-on-crime proposals, the approval from the Senate Public Safety Committee was unanimous.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“I don’t think it would have passed a committee last year,” said Jones, the Senate minority leader.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>California’s Democratic legislators — who for years have been passing progressive measures designed to reduce sentences and lessen mass incarceration by emphasizing more rehabilitative solutions to crime — were dealt a blow last fall when an overwhelming majority of voters approved \u003ca href=\"https://calmatters.org/justice/2025/02/prop-36-arrests-treatment/\">Proposition 36\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The measure backed by business owners, police and Republicans, increased sentences for some drug and theft crimes, partially undoing more lenient measures that voters approved just 10 years ago. Though many Democrats opposed the measure, they’re now tasked with providing funding to carry it out.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Jones, of San Diego, said he’s seeing Democrats inching toward stricter incarceration measures as a result. He said he saw a window to bring back the legislation this year.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“The smart Democrats are getting it,” he said. “The voters spoke overwhelmingly.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The Public Safety Committee also gave unanimous approval this month for another bill Jones authored, \u003ca href=\"https://leginfo.legislature.ca.gov/faces/billTextClient.xhtml?bill_id=202520260SB379\">SB 379\u003c/a>, that would add regulatory guardrails before the Department of State Hospitals releases sexually violent predators. It’s his fourth year in a row pushing that measure; the proposal passed the Senate and died in the Assembly last year, after failing to clear a single committee both years before that. \u003ca href=\"https://leginfo.legislature.ca.gov/faces/billNavClient.xhtml?bill_id=202520260SB432\">SB 432\u003c/a>, authored by a different Republican senator to increase penalties for selling or giving fentanyl to minors, also got unanimous approval in the committee this month.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Freshman Sen. Jesse Arreguín, an Oakland Democrat who chairs the committee, said his fellow Democrats don’t intend to return to an era of overcrowded prisons or harsh penalties for lower-level crimes. But he acknowledged they’re also shifting their thinking in response to their voters, and called that approach “pragmatic.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“That was the direction I was given as chair of the Public Safety Committee, was that we need to provide more balance in terms of how we look at criminal justice policy,” he said, referring to the Democratic caucus. “Just focusing specifically on restorative justice and prevention, and not focusing on accountability (for offenders), that’s not where the voters are now.”\u003c/p>\n\u003ch2>Criminal justice reforms still advancing\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>So far, the shift hasn’t been enough to worry Tinisch Hollins, executive director of Californians for Safety and Justice, a group that advocates for reduced imprisonment and pushed for the 2014 sentencing changes that voters approved.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>She pointed to bills her organization has sponsored that are also advancing through the Legislature, including legislation to expand the state’s \u003ca href=\"https://calmatters.org/justice/2024/03/california-criminal-records-expungement-law/\">efforts to clear criminal records\u003c/a> to give past offenders second chances, and to require that the California Department of Corrections \u003ca href=\"https://leginfo.legislature.ca.gov/faces/billNavClient.xhtml?bill_id=202520260AB622\">apply more good behavior credits\u003c/a> to reduce prisoners’ time served. With the state tight on cash, she said she doesn’t believe lawmakers will be eager to significantly increase imprisonment and sees a “consensus that we shouldn’t go back that way.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Even Prop. 36 wasn’t a referendum on reform,” Hollins said. “There’s still plenty of support for different approaches to public safety that really address the root cause and prevent crime from happening in the first place.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Any stricter measures the Legislature approves this year will ultimately be narrow, with Republicans pointing to extreme examples to push their case.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_12036707\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 2000px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-full wp-image-12036707\" src=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2025/04/09012023-Suspense-RL-CM-12-copy.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"2000\" height=\"1333\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2025/04/09012023-Suspense-RL-CM-12-copy.jpg 2000w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2025/04/09012023-Suspense-RL-CM-12-copy-800x533.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2025/04/09012023-Suspense-RL-CM-12-copy-1020x680.jpg 1020w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2025/04/09012023-Suspense-RL-CM-12-copy-160x107.jpg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2025/04/09012023-Suspense-RL-CM-12-copy-1536x1024.jpg 1536w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2025/04/09012023-Suspense-RL-CM-12-copy-1920x1280.jpg 1920w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 2000px) 100vw, 2000px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">State Senate Minority Leader Brian Jones, a San Diego Republican, during the state Senate Appropriations Committee session in Sacramento on Sept. 1, 2023. \u003ccite>(Rahul Lal for CalMatters)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Jones’ elderly parole bill targets a program the Corrections Department first created in 2014, in response to a court order to reduce prison crowding, that allows prisoners who are older than 60 and have served at least 25 years of their sentences to petition for release.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>He tried in 2019 to restrict those convicted of sex offenses from being eligible; the bill never got a hearing. In 2020, lawmakers quietly lowered the eligibility for some prisoners to age 50, if they’ve served at least 20 years, though many have not been approved for release. The following year, Jones proposed a bill undoing that change for sex offenders, which went nowhere.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Between January 2021 and June 2024, the Board of Parole Hearings released 1,762 people through the elderly parole program, corrections spokesperson Emily Humpal wrote in an email. Department data analyzed by CalMatters show that while more people have been released under the elder program since 2021, the rates at which the board grants parole fluctuate between 14% and 20% each year, hovering just above the board’s overall parole-granting rate. The department would not immediately provide a breakdown of their convictions, nor of how many of those released were between the ages of 50 and 60.\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>Now, 12,303 people currently imprisoned – nearly 14% of the prison population – are eligible for either form of elderly parole, Humpal said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Jones’ bill would bar those convicted of sexual felonies such as rape and child sexual abuse from parole eligibility at age 50. It would not affect their eligibility upon turning 60, or the parole eligibility date in their original sentences.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>He also proposed blocking the earlier eligibility from people convicted of murder, but Arreguín’s committee removed that provision with Jones’ agreement before voting to advance the bill.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Proponents of the measure, including San Diego County District Attorney Summer Stephan, say victims shouldn’t be forced to relive the trauma of parole hearings and the prospect of their abusers’ release before the end of their original sentences.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>They point to Mary Johnson, who identified herself as the childhood victim of rape and sexual abuse by her uncle. The abuser, Cody Klemp, was originally sentenced in the 1990s to 170 years. In 2023, under the elderly parole program, the Board of Parole Hearings recommended his release — then rescinded the decision last year. His next hearing is scheduled for 2029.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Suddenly, I was no longer a 49-year-old woman, but I was a 13-year-old trapped and powerless and fighting again,” Johnson said in a press conference. “No victim’s family should have to fight over and over again to ensure that a dangerous predator serves the sentence that they were given.”\u003c/p>\n\u003ch2>Closing the doors on the rehabilitated?\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>A group of criminal justice reform and civil rights advocates including the American Civil Liberties Union opposes the legislation, arguing it would close the door on those who have been rehabilitated in prison and pose less of a public safety risk. \u003ca href=\"https://www.cjcj.org/media/import/documents/recidivism_among_older_adults_correlates_of_prison_reentry.pdf\">Studies have found\u003c/a> the chances of re-offense \u003ca href=\"https://www.ussc.gov/research/research-reports/effects-aging-recidivism-among-federal-offenders\">decrease as a defendant ages\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Gary Harrell, who was given a life sentence for his participation in a murder, testified that despite becoming eligible for parole in 1984, he wasn’t released until about 40 years later, after he had gone before the parole board about 20 times. He said in the last two decades of his incarceration, he turned his life around, and now works a day job while in his spare time giving homeless Sacramento residents food and hygiene products.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“I have taken so much from others and now it’s time to give back and do my part to make the world a better place,” he said. “I hope you can see that the people who will be impacted by this bill are people like me who have changed and want to give back.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Arreguín said he proposed removing Jones’ exclusion of people convicted of murder to focus the bill on sex offenses.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>That tactic has yielded bipartisan backing in the last legislative session.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In 2023, Republican Sen. Shannon Grove of Bakersfield pushed \u003ca href=\"https://calmatters.org/justice/2023/07/child-trafficking-bill-california-legislature/\">a bill \u003c/a>to increase penalties for child sex trafficking. Democrats in the Assembly Public Safety Committee resisted but, after a public outcry, Gov. Gavin Newsom stepped in with rare public comments in support of the legislation, which ultimately won more Democratic support and his signature.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Last year Grove’s bill to increase penalties for soliciting a minor for prostitution — targeting the buyers of sex — also prevailed. Senate Democrats carved out exclusions for 16- and 17-year-olds who are allegedly solicited, out of concern it would inadvertently rope in older teenagers who aren’t actually involved in or victims of trafficking. (The legal age of consent is 18.) This year, Grove is turning heads with a bill, \u003ca href=\"https://leginfo.legislature.ca.gov/faces/billNavClient.xhtml?bill_id=202520260AB379\">Assembly Bill 379\u003c/a>, co-authored with an Assembly Democrat, to undo those exclusions and apply the changes to all minors.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Jones acknowledged the tactic of focusing on sexual offenses is an incremental step toward tightening criminal sentences overall.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“We’re smart enough to know how far we can go,” he said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>This article was \u003ca href=\"https://calmatters.org/politics/2025/04/california-democrats-crime/\">originally published on CalMatters\u003c/a> and was republished under the \u003ca href=\"https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/\">Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives\u003c/a> license.\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"slug": "supreme-court-temporarily-blocks-new-deportations-under-alien-enemies-act",
"title": "Supreme Court Temporarily Blocks New Deportations Under Alien Enemies Act",
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"content": "\u003cp>The Supreme Court temporarily blocked the Trump administration from deporting any Venezuelans held in the Bluebonnet Detention Center, in west-central Texas, under the Alien Enemies Act, a rarely used 18th-century wartime law that allows for accelerated removal of foreigners deemed a threat by authorities.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“The government is directed not to remove any member of the putative class of detainees from the United States until further order of this court,” the court said in a brief early Saturday note. Justices Clarence Thomas and Samuel Alito dissented.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The American Civil Liberties Union late Friday had warned that immigration authorities were moving to quickly restart removals under \u003ca href=\"https://www.npr.org/2025/04/17/1245273514/alien-enemies-act\">the Alien Enemies Act\u003c/a> despite the previous Supreme Court’s restrictions on how it can use the act. Late Thursday a group of Venezuelans detained at the Bluebonnet Detention Center was advised that they would be immediately deported. ACLU lawyer Lee Gelernt told NPR that migrants at the Anson, Texas, facility were being loaded onto buses for removal late Friday.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>This came despite a recent \u003ca href=\"https://www.npr.org/2025/04/07/nx-s1-5345601/supreme-court-alien-enemies-act\">U.S. Supreme Court ruling\u003c/a> that found the Trump administration could continue deporting under the act — only if detainees are given due process to challenge their removal. The government says 137 migrants accused of being members of the Venezuelan gang Tren de Aragua, including a group of men sent to a prison in El Salvador, have already been deported under the Alien Enemies Act.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>NPR was unable to independently confirm the number of people who may be deported from the Bluebonnet Detention facility. The U.S. Department of Homeland Security declined to provide details or answer additional questions about the case.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“We are not going to reveal the details of counter terrorism operations, and we are complying with the Supreme Court’s ruling,” said Assistant Secretary of Homeland Security Tricia McLaughlin.\u003c/p>\n\u003ch2>ACLU asked Supreme Court and federal judges for emergency injunction\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>The ACLU late Friday had asked the Supreme Court for an emergency injunction and stay of removal. The group asked that migrants being subjected to the Alien Enemies Act be given at least 30 days advance notice.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“The notice the government is providing does not remotely comply with the Supreme Court’s order,” the ACLU argued in the request for an injunction. “At a minimum, the notice must be translated into a language that individuals can understand. Most importantly, there must be sufficient time for individuals to seek review. As during World War II, that notice must be at least 30 days in advance of any attempted removal.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[aside postID=forum_2010101909250 hero='https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/43/2025/03/GettyImages-2205115524-1-1020x574.jpg']\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The group also unsuccessfully asked a federal judge to halt any new deportations. At an emergency hearing Friday evening federal Judge James Boasberg seemed to agree the forms migrants were asked to sign regarding the Act had no information regarding their right to contest and were inadequate.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“It doesn’t say you have the right to contest, you have the right to challenge anything. It’s just telling you here’s the notice, you’re getting removed,” Boasberg told Justice Department attorney Drew Ensign. “That certainly seems problematic to me.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The Justice Department argued that the notice complies with the previous Supreme Court’s guidance on the issue.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Federal judges in several districts have blocked the deportation of people using the Alien Enemies Act. The \u003ca href=\"https://www.aclu.org/cases/aarp-v-trump\">ACLU sued\u003c/a> the administration again this week, in order to block deportations at several additional Texas detention centers, including Bluebonnet, a facility in west-central Texas about halfway between Lubbock and Fort Worth.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The ACLU alleges that in recent days, many Venezuelan migrants were specifically brought to Bluebonnet for that reason. The government denies this.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Boasberg earlier this week \u003ca href=\"https://www.npr.org/2025/04/16/g-s1-60696/judge-contempt-alien-enemies-act\">found probable cause\u003c/a> that the Trump administration committed criminal contempt by disobeying his ruling, only to see the Supreme Court rule that only judges where migrants are being held have jurisdiction to halt their removal.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>Stella M. Chávez from The Texas Newsroom and NPR’s Ximena Bustillo contributed reporting to this story.\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>The Supreme Court temporarily blocked the Trump administration from deporting any Venezuelans held in the Bluebonnet Detention Center, in west-central Texas, under the Alien Enemies Act, a rarely used 18th-century wartime law that allows for accelerated removal of foreigners deemed a threat by authorities.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“The government is directed not to remove any member of the putative class of detainees from the United States until further order of this court,” the court said in a brief early Saturday note. Justices Clarence Thomas and Samuel Alito dissented.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The American Civil Liberties Union late Friday had warned that immigration authorities were moving to quickly restart removals under \u003ca href=\"https://www.npr.org/2025/04/17/1245273514/alien-enemies-act\">the Alien Enemies Act\u003c/a> despite the previous Supreme Court’s restrictions on how it can use the act. Late Thursday a group of Venezuelans detained at the Bluebonnet Detention Center was advised that they would be immediately deported. ACLU lawyer Lee Gelernt told NPR that migrants at the Anson, Texas, facility were being loaded onto buses for removal late Friday.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>This came despite a recent \u003ca href=\"https://www.npr.org/2025/04/07/nx-s1-5345601/supreme-court-alien-enemies-act\">U.S. Supreme Court ruling\u003c/a> that found the Trump administration could continue deporting under the act — only if detainees are given due process to challenge their removal. The government says 137 migrants accused of being members of the Venezuelan gang Tren de Aragua, including a group of men sent to a prison in El Salvador, have already been deported under the Alien Enemies Act.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>NPR was unable to independently confirm the number of people who may be deported from the Bluebonnet Detention facility. The U.S. Department of Homeland Security declined to provide details or answer additional questions about the case.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“We are not going to reveal the details of counter terrorism operations, and we are complying with the Supreme Court’s ruling,” said Assistant Secretary of Homeland Security Tricia McLaughlin.\u003c/p>\n\u003ch2>ACLU asked Supreme Court and federal judges for emergency injunction\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>The ACLU late Friday had asked the Supreme Court for an emergency injunction and stay of removal. The group asked that migrants being subjected to the Alien Enemies Act be given at least 30 days advance notice.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“The notice the government is providing does not remotely comply with the Supreme Court’s order,” the ACLU argued in the request for an injunction. “At a minimum, the notice must be translated into a language that individuals can understand. Most importantly, there must be sufficient time for individuals to seek review. As during World War II, that notice must be at least 30 days in advance of any attempted removal.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The group also unsuccessfully asked a federal judge to halt any new deportations. At an emergency hearing Friday evening federal Judge James Boasberg seemed to agree the forms migrants were asked to sign regarding the Act had no information regarding their right to contest and were inadequate.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“It doesn’t say you have the right to contest, you have the right to challenge anything. It’s just telling you here’s the notice, you’re getting removed,” Boasberg told Justice Department attorney Drew Ensign. “That certainly seems problematic to me.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The Justice Department argued that the notice complies with the previous Supreme Court’s guidance on the issue.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Federal judges in several districts have blocked the deportation of people using the Alien Enemies Act. The \u003ca href=\"https://www.aclu.org/cases/aarp-v-trump\">ACLU sued\u003c/a> the administration again this week, in order to block deportations at several additional Texas detention centers, including Bluebonnet, a facility in west-central Texas about halfway between Lubbock and Fort Worth.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The ACLU alleges that in recent days, many Venezuelan migrants were specifically brought to Bluebonnet for that reason. The government denies this.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Boasberg earlier this week \u003ca href=\"https://www.npr.org/2025/04/16/g-s1-60696/judge-contempt-alien-enemies-act\">found probable cause\u003c/a> that the Trump administration committed criminal contempt by disobeying his ruling, only to see the Supreme Court rule that only judges where migrants are being held have jurisdiction to halt their removal.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>Stella M. Chávez from The Texas Newsroom and NPR’s Ximena Bustillo contributed reporting to this story.\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>",
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"slug": "what-happens-after-a-homeless-person-is-arrested-for-camping-often-not-much",
"title": "What Happens After a Homeless Person Is Arrested for Camping? Often, Not Much",
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"content": "\u003cp>\u003cem>This story was originally published by \u003ca href=\"https://calmatters.org/\">CalMatters\u003c/a>. \u003ca href=\"https://calmatters.org/subscribe-to-calmatters/\">Sign up\u003c/a> for their newsletters.\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Wickey Two Hands sat at the defense table on a recent Thursday morning, holding in his lap the red baseball cap he’d doffed out of respect for the judge.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The 77-year-old homeless man was supposed to be the first person tried in court under an ordinance Fresno passed last year making it a crime to camp in all public places. Over the past six months, he’d spent hours in a courtroom, arriving early for each hearing. He’d packed up and moved his campsite multiple times, trying to find out-of-the-way spots where he could avoid getting arrested again.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But instead of sending Two Hands’ case before a jury, the judge — on the day trial was supposed to begin — dismissed all charges. The reason? The city waited too long to prosecute.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Two Hands’ case shines a spotlight on a contradiction seen around the state in recent months. California \u003ca href=\"https://calmatters.org/housing/homelessness/2024/09/camping-ban-ordinances/\">cities are passing\u003c/a> ordinances \u003ca href=\"https://www.fremont.gov/Home/Components/News/News/1255/1067\">left\u003c/a> and \u003ca href=\"https://www.sandiego.gov/police/services/neighborhood-policing-division/unsafe-camping\">right\u003c/a> that allow police to arrest or cite unhoused people for camping on their streets and sidewalks, or in their parks. Police are making arrests. But when it comes to prosecuting, trying or sentencing people for violating these ordinances, some cities haven’t been able to follow through. In many cases, prosecutors aren’t filing charges. If people are charged, their cases often are dismissed quickly. Two Hands’ case was a rarity for how close it came to trial. But in the end, it too was thrown out.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[aside postID=news_12005898 hero='https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2023/07/230701-FRESNO-UNHOUSED-HEAT-MHN-01-KQED-1020x680.jpg']\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>That has some wondering: what’s the point of arresting people at all?\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Two Hands’ case was set to be a bellwether to see if Fresno’s camping ban — under which police have made several hundred arrests already — would hold up before a jury. The city and county — as well as Two Hands’ lawyer, activists and even local journalists — invested a considerable amount of resources in the case before it was ultimately dismissed last week without a trial or any public hearings on its merits.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“They wasted a lot of time and money pursuing this case,” said Ron Hochbaum, a law professor at the University of the Pacific who specializes in homelessness and poverty law. “When you think about all the people who were involved, from police to the city attorney’s office to judges and court clerks and so on. That’s probably hundreds of hours of work and thousands of dollars wasted. And that money would be better spent by simply offering Mr. Two Hands housing without arresting him.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_12036675\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 2000px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-full wp-image-12036675\" src=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2025/04/020525-Homeless-Encampment-Sweep-Fresno-LV_CM_22-copy.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"2000\" height=\"1333\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2025/04/020525-Homeless-Encampment-Sweep-Fresno-LV_CM_22-copy.jpg 2000w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2025/04/020525-Homeless-Encampment-Sweep-Fresno-LV_CM_22-copy-800x533.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2025/04/020525-Homeless-Encampment-Sweep-Fresno-LV_CM_22-copy-1020x680.jpg 1020w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2025/04/020525-Homeless-Encampment-Sweep-Fresno-LV_CM_22-copy-160x107.jpg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2025/04/020525-Homeless-Encampment-Sweep-Fresno-LV_CM_22-copy-1536x1024.jpg 1536w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2025/04/020525-Homeless-Encampment-Sweep-Fresno-LV_CM_22-copy-1920x1280.jpg 1920w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 2000px) 100vw, 2000px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Fresno Police and city workers conduct a homeless encampment sweep under a highway overpass in downtown on Feb. 3, 2025. \u003ccite>(Larry Valenzuela/CalMatters/CatchLight Local)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_12036697\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 2000px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-full wp-image-12036697\" src=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2025/04/041025_Homeless-Case_AP_CM_26_DIPTYCH.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"2000\" height=\"1333\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2025/04/041025_Homeless-Case_AP_CM_26_DIPTYCH.jpg 2000w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2025/04/041025_Homeless-Case_AP_CM_26_DIPTYCH-800x533.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2025/04/041025_Homeless-Case_AP_CM_26_DIPTYCH-1020x680.jpg 1020w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2025/04/041025_Homeless-Case_AP_CM_26_DIPTYCH-160x107.jpg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2025/04/041025_Homeless-Case_AP_CM_26_DIPTYCH-1536x1024.jpg 1536w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2025/04/041025_Homeless-Case_AP_CM_26_DIPTYCH-1920x1280.jpg 1920w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 2000px) 100vw, 2000px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Left: Brandi Nuse-Villegas, a resident who has worked with the unhoused community in Fresno for 10 years, holds a poster she designed in support of Wickey Two Hands. Right: Two Hands after his case was dismissed at the Fresno Superior Court on April 10, 2025. \u003ccite>(Adam Perez for CalMatters)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>CalMatters analyzed the resources that went into prosecuting Two Hands’ case:\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>At 8:40 a.m. on Oct. 14, 2024, two Fresno police officers came across Two Hands and his belongings on the side of the road and arrested him for camping in a public place and illegally possessing a shopping cart.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Over the next six months, Two Hands attended four hearings in three different courtrooms. Before each hearing, he dropped off his belongings at a friend’s house and then caught the bus to the downtown Fresno courthouse, sometimes arriving as much as an hour early so he didn’t miss anything. After court, an advocate sometimes drove him back to his campsite. On April 10, the day his trial was supposed to begin, he missed work to attend court, skipping his scheduled shift at a wrecking yard and with it, his chance to earn money for food and other necessities for the day.[aside postID=news_12029706 hero='https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2025/03/051424-OC-Shelter-JAH-CM-32-1020x680.jpg']City and county resources also went into each hearing. Public funds paid for the presence of a judge, a bailiff and staff from the city attorney’s office. The city brought on outside law firm Manning Kass to help prosecute the case.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Kevin Little, a private attorney who specializes in civil rights litigation, signed on to defend Two Hands pro bono. Little estimates he spent between 100 and 150 hours on Two Hands’ case. He had two additional staff members helping him, and they put in another 50 to 100 hours. The week the case was supposed to go to trial, Little said he spent a couple nights working in his office until 3 a.m.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Another attorney, Patience Milrod, was also in court on April 10. She was there to represent Pablo Orihuela, a Fresnoland journalist who had been \u003ca href=\"https://fresnoland.org/2025/04/10/two-hands/\">covering Two Hands’ case\u003c/a> and received a subpoena to testify on behalf of the prosecution. Attorney Karl Olson was standing by to contest a subpoena issued to Fresno Bee reporter Thaddeus Miller, \u003ca href=\"https://www.fresnobee.com/news/local/article304201836.html\">according\u003c/a> to the Bee.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In addition to Orihuela and Miller, journalists from CalMatters and ABC30 were there to cover the trial.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>About two-dozen activists and local community members also showed up at the courthouse — some arriving as early as 7 a.m. despite work and childcare obligations — to support Two Hands on the day his trial was set to start. Activist Wes White drove two-and-a-half hours from Salinas to be there.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>After all that, Judge Brian Alvarez dismissed the case. He found that the trial should have started by March 6, and going past that date would violate Two Hands’ right to a speedy trial. Two Hands’ supporters filed out of the courtroom and filled the hallway, cheering, until a bailiff asked them to keep it down.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_12036676\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 2000px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-full wp-image-12036676\" src=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2025/04/041025_Homeless-Case_AP_CM_39-copy.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"2000\" height=\"1333\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2025/04/041025_Homeless-Case_AP_CM_39-copy.jpg 2000w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2025/04/041025_Homeless-Case_AP_CM_39-copy-800x533.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2025/04/041025_Homeless-Case_AP_CM_39-copy-1020x680.jpg 1020w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2025/04/041025_Homeless-Case_AP_CM_39-copy-160x107.jpg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2025/04/041025_Homeless-Case_AP_CM_39-copy-1536x1024.jpg 1536w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2025/04/041025_Homeless-Case_AP_CM_39-copy-1920x1280.jpg 1920w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 2000px) 100vw, 2000px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Wickey Two Hands’ attorney Kevin Little celebrates after Fresno Superior Court Judge Brian Alvarez dismisses his client’s trial on April 10, 2025. \u003ccite>(Adam Perez for CalMatters)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>“I’m really shocked by how much money and resources they put into this,” said advocate Dez Martinez, who recently helped Two Hands get into a shelter. “There was so much money used in this so they can make a point because they don’t want to lose a case. It just bothers me that they used that (many resources) and finances into punishing Wickey instead of doing what I did: sit down and talk to him, figure out why does he not want to go inside.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The trial originally was set to start Feb. 20, but the city asked for a delay, which was granted by Judge Carlos Cabrera. Judge Alvarez appeared to disagree with that ruling.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The city blamed Two Hands’ team for the case getting thrown out. The defense’s subpoena request forced the city to review an extensive amount of documents, which took extra time, Deputy City Attorney Daniel Cisneros told the court. The city also had tried to prevent the case from going to trial by offering Two Hands a plea deal, which it said would come with a shelter bed. Two Hands declined, instead opting to try to clear his name through a trial.[aside postID=news_12030023 hero='https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2025/03/20250210_Unhoused-Ban_DMB_00270_qed-1020x680.jpg']“The City’s position is to continue to offer plea deals to defendants who accept housing and services offered by the City,” the city attorney’s office said in an emailed statement from Noemi Schwartz. “It is unfortunate that this defendant declined the services and housing offered by City at a congregate shelter at Travel Inn and will likely end up back on the streets without shelter and assistance.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Fresno’s new camping ordinance \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/news/12005898/fresno-rolls-out-one-of-californias-most-aggressive-camping-bans\">went into effect\u003c/a> in September, making it a misdemeanor to sit, lie, sleep or camp in a public place. But most people arrested aren’t prosecuted, and even fewer come close to a trial. Fresno police made 322 arrests under that ordinance from October 2024 through January 2025. During that time, the city attorney’s office filed charges in just 132 camping cases. The defendant failed to show up in court in more than half of the cases in which charges were filed. Only one other case, in addition to Two Hands’, was listed as headed toward trial.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>It’s a similar situation in other cities, from the Bay Area to Southern California. Police in Los Angeles made 238 camping arrests last year, and the city attorney’s office declined to file charges in two-thirds of those cases. In San Francisco, nearly four in five illegal lodging arrests made since August 2024 have not resulted in charges, according to the \u003ca href=\"https://www.sfchronicle.com/sf/article/illegal-lodging-arrests-are-soaring-in-s-f-20269807.php\">\u003cem>San Francisco Chronicle\u003c/em>\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Cities and district attorneys aren’t interested in prosecuting the cases because they know they don’t have enough room in jail and prisons to incarcerate everyone who is experiencing homelessness,” Hochbaum said. And they know slapping someone with a fine won’t stop them from sleeping outside, he said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Instead, he said, many cities are using the threat of arrest to force unhoused people to move when they want to clear an encampment.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>For the time being, Two Hands is sleeping inside after five years on the street. Martinez said she got him a 90-day stay at a city-run shelter — with no help from the city attorney’s office.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“(It’s) a pretty good day in my life,” Two Hands said outside the courthouse, after his case was dismissed. “Seventy-seven seasons I’ve been here, you know, I think I deserve it.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>While Two Hands was hesitant to accept a shelter bed at first, Martinez said after spending months talking to him, getting to know him and showing up at his side to his court dates, she won his trust. She promised to keep fighting to get Two Hands into permanent housing, sign him up for Social Security, help him access health care, and get him whatever else he needs.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“It’s not that he wants to stay outside,” Martinez said. “He’s tired. He doesn’t want to die on the sidewalk. He didn’t want to be given something and have it be taken away.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Fresno still has yet to try anyone for sleeping outside, but that could change. Little is representing another unhoused man who was arrested for camping — and plans on bringing that case to trial.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“I hope the message the city gets,” Little said, “is leave the unhoused alone. Help them and don’t prosecute them. But if you are going to choose unfortunately to prosecute these cases, then you better come ready, because we’re not backing down.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>This article was \u003ca href=\"https://calmatters.org/housing/homelessness/2025/04/homeless-camping-california-trial/\">originally published on CalMatters\u003c/a> and was republished under the \u003ca href=\"https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/\">Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives\u003c/a> license.\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad floatright]\u003c/p>\n",
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"excerpt": "Wickey Two Hands was supposed to be the first person tried for camping in Fresno. Instead, after the city and county poured resources into his case, it was dismissed at the last minute.",
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"title": "What Happens After a Homeless Person Is Arrested for Camping? Often, Not Much | KQED",
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"nprByline": "\u003ca href=\"https://calmatters.org/author/marisa-kendall/\">Marisa Kendall\u003c/a>, CalMatters",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>\u003cem>This story was originally published by \u003ca href=\"https://calmatters.org/\">CalMatters\u003c/a>. \u003ca href=\"https://calmatters.org/subscribe-to-calmatters/\">Sign up\u003c/a> for their newsletters.\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Wickey Two Hands sat at the defense table on a recent Thursday morning, holding in his lap the red baseball cap he’d doffed out of respect for the judge.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The 77-year-old homeless man was supposed to be the first person tried in court under an ordinance Fresno passed last year making it a crime to camp in all public places. Over the past six months, he’d spent hours in a courtroom, arriving early for each hearing. He’d packed up and moved his campsite multiple times, trying to find out-of-the-way spots where he could avoid getting arrested again.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But instead of sending Two Hands’ case before a jury, the judge — on the day trial was supposed to begin — dismissed all charges. The reason? The city waited too long to prosecute.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Two Hands’ case shines a spotlight on a contradiction seen around the state in recent months. California \u003ca href=\"https://calmatters.org/housing/homelessness/2024/09/camping-ban-ordinances/\">cities are passing\u003c/a> ordinances \u003ca href=\"https://www.fremont.gov/Home/Components/News/News/1255/1067\">left\u003c/a> and \u003ca href=\"https://www.sandiego.gov/police/services/neighborhood-policing-division/unsafe-camping\">right\u003c/a> that allow police to arrest or cite unhoused people for camping on their streets and sidewalks, or in their parks. Police are making arrests. But when it comes to prosecuting, trying or sentencing people for violating these ordinances, some cities haven’t been able to follow through. In many cases, prosecutors aren’t filing charges. If people are charged, their cases often are dismissed quickly. Two Hands’ case was a rarity for how close it came to trial. But in the end, it too was thrown out.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>That has some wondering: what’s the point of arresting people at all?\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Two Hands’ case was set to be a bellwether to see if Fresno’s camping ban — under which police have made several hundred arrests already — would hold up before a jury. The city and county — as well as Two Hands’ lawyer, activists and even local journalists — invested a considerable amount of resources in the case before it was ultimately dismissed last week without a trial or any public hearings on its merits.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“They wasted a lot of time and money pursuing this case,” said Ron Hochbaum, a law professor at the University of the Pacific who specializes in homelessness and poverty law. “When you think about all the people who were involved, from police to the city attorney’s office to judges and court clerks and so on. That’s probably hundreds of hours of work and thousands of dollars wasted. And that money would be better spent by simply offering Mr. Two Hands housing without arresting him.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_12036675\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 2000px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-full wp-image-12036675\" src=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2025/04/020525-Homeless-Encampment-Sweep-Fresno-LV_CM_22-copy.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"2000\" height=\"1333\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2025/04/020525-Homeless-Encampment-Sweep-Fresno-LV_CM_22-copy.jpg 2000w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2025/04/020525-Homeless-Encampment-Sweep-Fresno-LV_CM_22-copy-800x533.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2025/04/020525-Homeless-Encampment-Sweep-Fresno-LV_CM_22-copy-1020x680.jpg 1020w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2025/04/020525-Homeless-Encampment-Sweep-Fresno-LV_CM_22-copy-160x107.jpg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2025/04/020525-Homeless-Encampment-Sweep-Fresno-LV_CM_22-copy-1536x1024.jpg 1536w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2025/04/020525-Homeless-Encampment-Sweep-Fresno-LV_CM_22-copy-1920x1280.jpg 1920w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 2000px) 100vw, 2000px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Fresno Police and city workers conduct a homeless encampment sweep under a highway overpass in downtown on Feb. 3, 2025. \u003ccite>(Larry Valenzuela/CalMatters/CatchLight Local)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_12036697\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 2000px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-full wp-image-12036697\" src=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2025/04/041025_Homeless-Case_AP_CM_26_DIPTYCH.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"2000\" height=\"1333\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2025/04/041025_Homeless-Case_AP_CM_26_DIPTYCH.jpg 2000w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2025/04/041025_Homeless-Case_AP_CM_26_DIPTYCH-800x533.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2025/04/041025_Homeless-Case_AP_CM_26_DIPTYCH-1020x680.jpg 1020w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2025/04/041025_Homeless-Case_AP_CM_26_DIPTYCH-160x107.jpg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2025/04/041025_Homeless-Case_AP_CM_26_DIPTYCH-1536x1024.jpg 1536w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2025/04/041025_Homeless-Case_AP_CM_26_DIPTYCH-1920x1280.jpg 1920w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 2000px) 100vw, 2000px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Left: Brandi Nuse-Villegas, a resident who has worked with the unhoused community in Fresno for 10 years, holds a poster she designed in support of Wickey Two Hands. Right: Two Hands after his case was dismissed at the Fresno Superior Court on April 10, 2025. \u003ccite>(Adam Perez for CalMatters)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>CalMatters analyzed the resources that went into prosecuting Two Hands’ case:\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>At 8:40 a.m. on Oct. 14, 2024, two Fresno police officers came across Two Hands and his belongings on the side of the road and arrested him for camping in a public place and illegally possessing a shopping cart.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Over the next six months, Two Hands attended four hearings in three different courtrooms. Before each hearing, he dropped off his belongings at a friend’s house and then caught the bus to the downtown Fresno courthouse, sometimes arriving as much as an hour early so he didn’t miss anything. After court, an advocate sometimes drove him back to his campsite. On April 10, the day his trial was supposed to begin, he missed work to attend court, skipping his scheduled shift at a wrecking yard and with it, his chance to earn money for food and other necessities for the day.\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>City and county resources also went into each hearing. Public funds paid for the presence of a judge, a bailiff and staff from the city attorney’s office. The city brought on outside law firm Manning Kass to help prosecute the case.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Kevin Little, a private attorney who specializes in civil rights litigation, signed on to defend Two Hands pro bono. Little estimates he spent between 100 and 150 hours on Two Hands’ case. He had two additional staff members helping him, and they put in another 50 to 100 hours. The week the case was supposed to go to trial, Little said he spent a couple nights working in his office until 3 a.m.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Another attorney, Patience Milrod, was also in court on April 10. She was there to represent Pablo Orihuela, a Fresnoland journalist who had been \u003ca href=\"https://fresnoland.org/2025/04/10/two-hands/\">covering Two Hands’ case\u003c/a> and received a subpoena to testify on behalf of the prosecution. Attorney Karl Olson was standing by to contest a subpoena issued to Fresno Bee reporter Thaddeus Miller, \u003ca href=\"https://www.fresnobee.com/news/local/article304201836.html\">according\u003c/a> to the Bee.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In addition to Orihuela and Miller, journalists from CalMatters and ABC30 were there to cover the trial.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>About two-dozen activists and local community members also showed up at the courthouse — some arriving as early as 7 a.m. despite work and childcare obligations — to support Two Hands on the day his trial was set to start. Activist Wes White drove two-and-a-half hours from Salinas to be there.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>After all that, Judge Brian Alvarez dismissed the case. He found that the trial should have started by March 6, and going past that date would violate Two Hands’ right to a speedy trial. Two Hands’ supporters filed out of the courtroom and filled the hallway, cheering, until a bailiff asked them to keep it down.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_12036676\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 2000px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-full wp-image-12036676\" src=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2025/04/041025_Homeless-Case_AP_CM_39-copy.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"2000\" height=\"1333\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2025/04/041025_Homeless-Case_AP_CM_39-copy.jpg 2000w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2025/04/041025_Homeless-Case_AP_CM_39-copy-800x533.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2025/04/041025_Homeless-Case_AP_CM_39-copy-1020x680.jpg 1020w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2025/04/041025_Homeless-Case_AP_CM_39-copy-160x107.jpg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2025/04/041025_Homeless-Case_AP_CM_39-copy-1536x1024.jpg 1536w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2025/04/041025_Homeless-Case_AP_CM_39-copy-1920x1280.jpg 1920w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 2000px) 100vw, 2000px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Wickey Two Hands’ attorney Kevin Little celebrates after Fresno Superior Court Judge Brian Alvarez dismisses his client’s trial on April 10, 2025. \u003ccite>(Adam Perez for CalMatters)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>“I’m really shocked by how much money and resources they put into this,” said advocate Dez Martinez, who recently helped Two Hands get into a shelter. “There was so much money used in this so they can make a point because they don’t want to lose a case. It just bothers me that they used that (many resources) and finances into punishing Wickey instead of doing what I did: sit down and talk to him, figure out why does he not want to go inside.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The trial originally was set to start Feb. 20, but the city asked for a delay, which was granted by Judge Carlos Cabrera. Judge Alvarez appeared to disagree with that ruling.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The city blamed Two Hands’ team for the case getting thrown out. The defense’s subpoena request forced the city to review an extensive amount of documents, which took extra time, Deputy City Attorney Daniel Cisneros told the court. The city also had tried to prevent the case from going to trial by offering Two Hands a plea deal, which it said would come with a shelter bed. Two Hands declined, instead opting to try to clear his name through a trial.\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>“The City’s position is to continue to offer plea deals to defendants who accept housing and services offered by the City,” the city attorney’s office said in an emailed statement from Noemi Schwartz. “It is unfortunate that this defendant declined the services and housing offered by City at a congregate shelter at Travel Inn and will likely end up back on the streets without shelter and assistance.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Fresno’s new camping ordinance \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/news/12005898/fresno-rolls-out-one-of-californias-most-aggressive-camping-bans\">went into effect\u003c/a> in September, making it a misdemeanor to sit, lie, sleep or camp in a public place. But most people arrested aren’t prosecuted, and even fewer come close to a trial. Fresno police made 322 arrests under that ordinance from October 2024 through January 2025. During that time, the city attorney’s office filed charges in just 132 camping cases. The defendant failed to show up in court in more than half of the cases in which charges were filed. Only one other case, in addition to Two Hands’, was listed as headed toward trial.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>It’s a similar situation in other cities, from the Bay Area to Southern California. Police in Los Angeles made 238 camping arrests last year, and the city attorney’s office declined to file charges in two-thirds of those cases. In San Francisco, nearly four in five illegal lodging arrests made since August 2024 have not resulted in charges, according to the \u003ca href=\"https://www.sfchronicle.com/sf/article/illegal-lodging-arrests-are-soaring-in-s-f-20269807.php\">\u003cem>San Francisco Chronicle\u003c/em>\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Cities and district attorneys aren’t interested in prosecuting the cases because they know they don’t have enough room in jail and prisons to incarcerate everyone who is experiencing homelessness,” Hochbaum said. And they know slapping someone with a fine won’t stop them from sleeping outside, he said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Instead, he said, many cities are using the threat of arrest to force unhoused people to move when they want to clear an encampment.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>For the time being, Two Hands is sleeping inside after five years on the street. Martinez said she got him a 90-day stay at a city-run shelter — with no help from the city attorney’s office.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“(It’s) a pretty good day in my life,” Two Hands said outside the courthouse, after his case was dismissed. “Seventy-seven seasons I’ve been here, you know, I think I deserve it.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>While Two Hands was hesitant to accept a shelter bed at first, Martinez said after spending months talking to him, getting to know him and showing up at his side to his court dates, she won his trust. She promised to keep fighting to get Two Hands into permanent housing, sign him up for Social Security, help him access health care, and get him whatever else he needs.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“It’s not that he wants to stay outside,” Martinez said. “He’s tired. He doesn’t want to die on the sidewalk. He didn’t want to be given something and have it be taken away.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Fresno still has yet to try anyone for sleeping outside, but that could change. Little is representing another unhoused man who was arrested for camping — and plans on bringing that case to trial.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“I hope the message the city gets,” Little said, “is leave the unhoused alone. Help them and don’t prosecute them. But if you are going to choose unfortunately to prosecute these cases, then you better come ready, because we’re not backing down.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>This article was \u003ca href=\"https://calmatters.org/housing/homelessness/2025/04/homeless-camping-california-trial/\">originally published on CalMatters\u003c/a> and was republished under the \u003ca href=\"https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/\">Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives\u003c/a> license.\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cp>The Trump administration contends that canceling the lawfully obtained social security numbers of more than 6,300 immigrants this week, thereby gutting their ability to lawfully work, will pressure them to leave the U.S.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But Bay Area economic justice advocates worry that the effort, which could grow to \u003ca href=\"https://www.nytimes.com/2025/04/10/us/politics/migrants-deport-social-security-doge.html\">target additional immigrants\u003c/a> without legal status, will drive more people into the financial shadows and increase distrust of the government.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>This comes days after a plan for the \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/news/12035735/what-we-now-know-about-the-irs-ice-tax-data-deal\">Internal Revenue Service to share protected taxpayer data\u003c/a> — to help locate immigrants who have been ordered deported and are under federal criminal investigation, including for remaining in the country — prompted top IRS officials to resign.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Tax information has long been kept off-limits from immigration enforcement agencies, and the changes may spark a far-reaching chill through immigrant communities, said Paulina Gonzalez-Brito, who directs the San Francisco nonprofit Rise Economy.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“We’ve worked a long time, different administrations have worked a long time to get immigrants to participate in the economy, to pay their taxes so that they can someday naturalize,” Gonzalez-Brito said. “And now that’s being used as a weapon to disenfranchise them completely from the economic system … It’s really unfortunate and really painful to hear.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Previously, undocumented immigrants were often assured they would not be targeted by immigration authorities if they filed taxes using what’s known as an individual identification taxpayer number, or ITIN, in lieu of a social security number.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The Trump administration’s policies \u003ca href=\"https://www.latimes.com/politics/story/2025-04-12/irs-plan-to-give-data-to-ice-could-wallop-california-where-many-immigrants-pay-taxes\">could hurt\u003c/a> contributions especially in states like California, where undocumented immigrants paid nearly $8.5 billion in state and local taxes in 2022, according to \u003ca href=\"https://itep.org/undocumented-immigrants-taxes-2024/\">a report\u003c/a> by the Institute on Taxation and Economic Policy.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Social security numbers are needed to work lawfully in the U.S., receive benefits and access many lower-cost bank accounts, credit cards and loans. The form of identity is the most important tool to participate in the financial system and support ourselves, said José Quiñonez, CEO of Mission Asset Fund in San Francisco.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“We’re basically taking away their livelihood,” he said. “This is the most dire thing that we can possibly do to people that came here looking for asylum, for refuge, for some stability to build their lives.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The Department of Homeland Security identified the roughly 6,300 immigrants, who had temporary legal status, as having FBI criminal records or being on a terrorist watch list, according to a White House official. The administration terminated their parole on April 8, and moved their social security numbers to a list used to track dead people who should no longer receive benefits, previously known as the “Death Master File” (now called the “Ineligible Master File”).\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[aside postID=news_12035735 hero='https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2025/04/internal-revenue-service_qed-1020x680.jpg']\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“President Trump promised mass deportations and by removing the monetary incentive for illegal aliens to come and stay, we will encourage them to self-deport,” Liz Huston, a White House spokesperson, said in a statement. “He is delivering on his promise he made to the American people.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The list included a 13-year-old and seven other minors, according to sources cited by the \u003cem>New York Time\u003c/em>s.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Gonzalez-Brito questioned whether affected immigrants would be able to dispute their social security numbers being canceled, for instance, by proving that they shouldn’t be on the terrorist list.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“It seems like there’s \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/news/12034004/as-deportation-fears-rise-alameda-county-invests-in-immigrant-legal-defense\">no due process rights\u003c/a> for immigrants who are targeted in this way and that just seems, to be honest, perfectly un-American,” said Gonzalez-Brito, whose organization advocates for bank policies to better serve communities with low incomes.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Huston did not comment on whether any of the people with frozen social security numbers are located in California, or whether the administration plans to use the tactic next on other groups. Earlier this week, DHS revoked the temporary legal status and work permits of more than 900,000 migrants who entered the U.S. during the Biden administration using the government’s CBP One app.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“It’s devastating to the immigrant community who have to navigate all these attacks,” said Tiffany Rose Naputi Lacsado, chief program officer at The Unity Council in Oakland, which offers services that include helping immigrants budget, file taxes and open bank accounts. “I really believe it’ll put people into the shadows. It just further threatens their lives and livelihoods.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Naputi Lacsado and other advocates believe that a growing fear of deportations could lead immigrants to report fewer crimes to the police or go without the health care they need. People losing their social security numbers face a higher risk of predatory lending and exploitation if they chose to stay and join the 11 million undocumented immigrants in the country, the advocates said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The tactics of revoking social security numbers or sharing IRS data for deportation purposes are unprecedented, but previous administrations have also tried to make life harder for immigrants so they self-deport, Quiñonez said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“We’ve seen this before. So we need to push back, try to show that this is not the way, that this is not who we are as a country that purports to uphold liberty and freedom,” he said. “We have to come together in community to move forward together.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp> \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>The Trump administration contends that canceling the lawfully obtained social security numbers of more than 6,300 immigrants this week, thereby gutting their ability to lawfully work, will pressure them to leave the U.S.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But Bay Area economic justice advocates worry that the effort, which could grow to \u003ca href=\"https://www.nytimes.com/2025/04/10/us/politics/migrants-deport-social-security-doge.html\">target additional immigrants\u003c/a> without legal status, will drive more people into the financial shadows and increase distrust of the government.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>This comes days after a plan for the \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/news/12035735/what-we-now-know-about-the-irs-ice-tax-data-deal\">Internal Revenue Service to share protected taxpayer data\u003c/a> — to help locate immigrants who have been ordered deported and are under federal criminal investigation, including for remaining in the country — prompted top IRS officials to resign.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Tax information has long been kept off-limits from immigration enforcement agencies, and the changes may spark a far-reaching chill through immigrant communities, said Paulina Gonzalez-Brito, who directs the San Francisco nonprofit Rise Economy.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“We’ve worked a long time, different administrations have worked a long time to get immigrants to participate in the economy, to pay their taxes so that they can someday naturalize,” Gonzalez-Brito said. “And now that’s being used as a weapon to disenfranchise them completely from the economic system … It’s really unfortunate and really painful to hear.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Previously, undocumented immigrants were often assured they would not be targeted by immigration authorities if they filed taxes using what’s known as an individual identification taxpayer number, or ITIN, in lieu of a social security number.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The Trump administration’s policies \u003ca href=\"https://www.latimes.com/politics/story/2025-04-12/irs-plan-to-give-data-to-ice-could-wallop-california-where-many-immigrants-pay-taxes\">could hurt\u003c/a> contributions especially in states like California, where undocumented immigrants paid nearly $8.5 billion in state and local taxes in 2022, according to \u003ca href=\"https://itep.org/undocumented-immigrants-taxes-2024/\">a report\u003c/a> by the Institute on Taxation and Economic Policy.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Social security numbers are needed to work lawfully in the U.S., receive benefits and access many lower-cost bank accounts, credit cards and loans. The form of identity is the most important tool to participate in the financial system and support ourselves, said José Quiñonez, CEO of Mission Asset Fund in San Francisco.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“We’re basically taking away their livelihood,” he said. “This is the most dire thing that we can possibly do to people that came here looking for asylum, for refuge, for some stability to build their lives.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The Department of Homeland Security identified the roughly 6,300 immigrants, who had temporary legal status, as having FBI criminal records or being on a terrorist watch list, according to a White House official. The administration terminated their parole on April 8, and moved their social security numbers to a list used to track dead people who should no longer receive benefits, previously known as the “Death Master File” (now called the “Ineligible Master File”).\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“President Trump promised mass deportations and by removing the monetary incentive for illegal aliens to come and stay, we will encourage them to self-deport,” Liz Huston, a White House spokesperson, said in a statement. “He is delivering on his promise he made to the American people.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The list included a 13-year-old and seven other minors, according to sources cited by the \u003cem>New York Time\u003c/em>s.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Gonzalez-Brito questioned whether affected immigrants would be able to dispute their social security numbers being canceled, for instance, by proving that they shouldn’t be on the terrorist list.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“It seems like there’s \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/news/12034004/as-deportation-fears-rise-alameda-county-invests-in-immigrant-legal-defense\">no due process rights\u003c/a> for immigrants who are targeted in this way and that just seems, to be honest, perfectly un-American,” said Gonzalez-Brito, whose organization advocates for bank policies to better serve communities with low incomes.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Huston did not comment on whether any of the people with frozen social security numbers are located in California, or whether the administration plans to use the tactic next on other groups. Earlier this week, DHS revoked the temporary legal status and work permits of more than 900,000 migrants who entered the U.S. during the Biden administration using the government’s CBP One app.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“It’s devastating to the immigrant community who have to navigate all these attacks,” said Tiffany Rose Naputi Lacsado, chief program officer at The Unity Council in Oakland, which offers services that include helping immigrants budget, file taxes and open bank accounts. “I really believe it’ll put people into the shadows. It just further threatens their lives and livelihoods.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Naputi Lacsado and other advocates believe that a growing fear of deportations could lead immigrants to report fewer crimes to the police or go without the health care they need. People losing their social security numbers face a higher risk of predatory lending and exploitation if they chose to stay and join the 11 million undocumented immigrants in the country, the advocates said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The tactics of revoking social security numbers or sharing IRS data for deportation purposes are unprecedented, but previous administrations have also tried to make life harder for immigrants so they self-deport, Quiñonez said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“We’ve seen this before. So we need to push back, try to show that this is not the way, that this is not who we are as a country that purports to uphold liberty and freedom,” he said. “We have to come together in community to move forward together.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp> \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>",
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"slug": "border-patrol-to-retrain-hundreds-of-california-agents-on-how-to-comply-with-the-constitution",
"title": "Border Patrol to Retrain Hundreds of California Agents on How to Comply With the Constitution",
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"content": "\u003cp>\u003cem>This story was originally published by \u003ca href=\"https://calmatters.org/\">CalMatters\u003c/a>. \u003ca href=\"https://calmatters.org/subscribe-to-calmatters/\">Sign up\u003c/a> for their newsletters.\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The Department of Homeland Security told a federal court it will retrain more than 900 California-based Border Patrol agents after controversial immigration sweeps in Kern County in January.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The sweeps are the subject of a \u003ca href=\"https://calmatters.org/justice/2025/02/border-patrol-sued-over-kern-county-raids/\">federal lawsuit against the agencies\u003c/a> by the American Civil Liberties Union, which argued that agents targeted people solely for looking Latino or like farmworkers, violating Fourth Amendment protections against arbitrary arrest.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The leader of the Border Patrol’s El Centro sector, which conducted the raids, has maintained that his agents targeted specific people with criminal and deportation histories.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But agents hit targets frequented by day laborers and farmworkers, such as Home Depot, a convenience store and routes to local orchards and farms. Witnesses said people were stopped indiscriminately and asked for their immigration papers.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>And a CalMatters investigation, based on U.S. Customs and Border Protection records, \u003ca href=\"https://calmatters.org/economy/2025/04/border-patrol-records-kern-county/\">found that the agency had no criminal or immigration history on 77 of the 78 people arrested\u003c/a> in what was called “Operation Return to Sender.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Border Patrol does not admit to wrongdoing in the filing, but it’s also really striking that Border Patrol doesn’t defend its conduct in the filing,” said Bree Bernwanger, a senior staff attorney with the ACLU. “We know that their conduct was indefensible. The law doesn’t permit Border Patrol to assume that people are violating immigration law because they’re Brown.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The ACLU lawsuit was filed on behalf of the United Farm Workers and those detained. It asks a judge to issue an injunction to prevent the Border Patrol from any similar sweeps in California the future.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In court filings, DHS argued the court doesn’t have jurisdiction to review Border Patrol detentions — but also that the ACLU’s claims “have, in any event, been resolved” by new guidelines and training issued to its El Centro sector.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[aside postID=news_12029195 hero='https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2025/02/BakersfieldFarmworkersGetty-1020x680.jpg']\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Accordingly, [Border Patrol]’s prompt, responsive, and demonstrated commitment to forestalling similar alleged violations in the future renders an injunction inappropriate, either as a matter of mootness or lack of a cognizable continued and future irreparable injury,” lawyers for the federal Office of Immigration Litigation wrote.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The Central Valley immigration sweeps appeared to foreshadow the lengths federal agencies would go to fulfill President Donald Trump’s vow to dramatically ramp up immigration enforcement in the United States.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>A sworn declaration included with the DHS response, from senior Border Patrol official Sergio Guzman, said agents were issued updated legal guidance on April 4, 2025 prohibiting the El Centro Sector from making warrantless arrests unless they can show both probable cause that someone is in the United States in violation of immigration laws and that the person is likely to flee before a warrant can be obtained. Just being in the U.S. without authorization, the new guidance says, is no longer enough to justify such an arrest. Vehicle stops must be based on “specific, articulable facts,” and agents must document those reasons in formal immigration arrest records.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The federal government said more than 900 agents in the El Centro sector will be trained on the new guidelines, including on how to write reports and how to comply with the Fourth Amendment.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The court documents also say the new guidance is the same as guidelines to follow the law already issued by DHS.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“The law has been the same all along, and in January, we saw that Border Patrol, which obviously should have known what this law is that has been on the books for decades requires, they didn’t and couldn’t follow it,” said Bernwanger. “We really don’t have any meaningful assurance that they’re going to follow the law now.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“It’s just a pinky swear” said Elizabeth Strater, national vice president at the United Farm Workers. “It’s a policy that could be withdrawn or changed at any time.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Whatever the outcome of the case, for many people detained or otherwise affected by the January raids, the damage has already been done.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Wilder Munguia Esquivel, 38, a licensed handyman and longtime Bakersfield resident, said in an affidavit filed with the ACLU lawsuit that agents in masks and sunglasses yanked him from a group of day laborers outside a Home Depot. “My first thought was they might be terrorists mugging or kidnapping us. I even wondered if we could be murdered,” he stated. He said he still suffers pain in his arm from the encounter.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Maria Guadalupe Hernandez Espinoza, a 46-year-old greenhouse worker with no criminal record, said in another affidavit that agents forcibly expelled her to Mexico under what they falsely labeled a “voluntary” departure. “My whole life was left in Bakersfield,” she said. “Everything I worked for is in Bakersfield.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>U.S. citizen Ernesto Campos Gutierrez, a 44-year-old landscaper, said he was stopped by armed Border Patrol agents who slashed the tires of his work truck with a knife and refused to explain why he was being detained. “I believe the Border Patrol stopped me solely because of the color of my skin and my appearance,” he said in court filings.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>A hearing on the case is set for April 28 in the U.S. District Court in the Eastern District of California in Fresno.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>This article was \u003ca href=\"https://calmatters.org/justice/2025/04/border-patrol-to-retrain-hundreds-of-california-agents-on-how-to-comply-with-the-constitution/\">originally published on CalMatters\u003c/a> and was republished under the \u003ca href=\"https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/\">Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives\u003c/a> license.\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>\u003cem>This story was originally published by \u003ca href=\"https://calmatters.org/\">CalMatters\u003c/a>. \u003ca href=\"https://calmatters.org/subscribe-to-calmatters/\">Sign up\u003c/a> for their newsletters.\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The Department of Homeland Security told a federal court it will retrain more than 900 California-based Border Patrol agents after controversial immigration sweeps in Kern County in January.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The sweeps are the subject of a \u003ca href=\"https://calmatters.org/justice/2025/02/border-patrol-sued-over-kern-county-raids/\">federal lawsuit against the agencies\u003c/a> by the American Civil Liberties Union, which argued that agents targeted people solely for looking Latino or like farmworkers, violating Fourth Amendment protections against arbitrary arrest.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The leader of the Border Patrol’s El Centro sector, which conducted the raids, has maintained that his agents targeted specific people with criminal and deportation histories.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But agents hit targets frequented by day laborers and farmworkers, such as Home Depot, a convenience store and routes to local orchards and farms. Witnesses said people were stopped indiscriminately and asked for their immigration papers.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>And a CalMatters investigation, based on U.S. Customs and Border Protection records, \u003ca href=\"https://calmatters.org/economy/2025/04/border-patrol-records-kern-county/\">found that the agency had no criminal or immigration history on 77 of the 78 people arrested\u003c/a> in what was called “Operation Return to Sender.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Border Patrol does not admit to wrongdoing in the filing, but it’s also really striking that Border Patrol doesn’t defend its conduct in the filing,” said Bree Bernwanger, a senior staff attorney with the ACLU. “We know that their conduct was indefensible. The law doesn’t permit Border Patrol to assume that people are violating immigration law because they’re Brown.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The ACLU lawsuit was filed on behalf of the United Farm Workers and those detained. It asks a judge to issue an injunction to prevent the Border Patrol from any similar sweeps in California the future.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In court filings, DHS argued the court doesn’t have jurisdiction to review Border Patrol detentions — but also that the ACLU’s claims “have, in any event, been resolved” by new guidelines and training issued to its El Centro sector.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Accordingly, [Border Patrol]’s prompt, responsive, and demonstrated commitment to forestalling similar alleged violations in the future renders an injunction inappropriate, either as a matter of mootness or lack of a cognizable continued and future irreparable injury,” lawyers for the federal Office of Immigration Litigation wrote.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The Central Valley immigration sweeps appeared to foreshadow the lengths federal agencies would go to fulfill President Donald Trump’s vow to dramatically ramp up immigration enforcement in the United States.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>A sworn declaration included with the DHS response, from senior Border Patrol official Sergio Guzman, said agents were issued updated legal guidance on April 4, 2025 prohibiting the El Centro Sector from making warrantless arrests unless they can show both probable cause that someone is in the United States in violation of immigration laws and that the person is likely to flee before a warrant can be obtained. Just being in the U.S. without authorization, the new guidance says, is no longer enough to justify such an arrest. Vehicle stops must be based on “specific, articulable facts,” and agents must document those reasons in formal immigration arrest records.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The federal government said more than 900 agents in the El Centro sector will be trained on the new guidelines, including on how to write reports and how to comply with the Fourth Amendment.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The court documents also say the new guidance is the same as guidelines to follow the law already issued by DHS.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“The law has been the same all along, and in January, we saw that Border Patrol, which obviously should have known what this law is that has been on the books for decades requires, they didn’t and couldn’t follow it,” said Bernwanger. “We really don’t have any meaningful assurance that they’re going to follow the law now.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“It’s just a pinky swear” said Elizabeth Strater, national vice president at the United Farm Workers. “It’s a policy that could be withdrawn or changed at any time.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Whatever the outcome of the case, for many people detained or otherwise affected by the January raids, the damage has already been done.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Wilder Munguia Esquivel, 38, a licensed handyman and longtime Bakersfield resident, said in an affidavit filed with the ACLU lawsuit that agents in masks and sunglasses yanked him from a group of day laborers outside a Home Depot. “My first thought was they might be terrorists mugging or kidnapping us. I even wondered if we could be murdered,” he stated. He said he still suffers pain in his arm from the encounter.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Maria Guadalupe Hernandez Espinoza, a 46-year-old greenhouse worker with no criminal record, said in another affidavit that agents forcibly expelled her to Mexico under what they falsely labeled a “voluntary” departure. “My whole life was left in Bakersfield,” she said. “Everything I worked for is in Bakersfield.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>U.S. citizen Ernesto Campos Gutierrez, a 44-year-old landscaper, said he was stopped by armed Border Patrol agents who slashed the tires of his work truck with a knife and refused to explain why he was being detained. “I believe the Border Patrol stopped me solely because of the color of my skin and my appearance,” he said in court filings.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>A hearing on the case is set for April 28 in the U.S. District Court in the Eastern District of California in Fresno.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>This article was \u003ca href=\"https://calmatters.org/justice/2025/04/border-patrol-to-retrain-hundreds-of-california-agents-on-how-to-comply-with-the-constitution/\">originally published on CalMatters\u003c/a> and was republished under the \u003ca href=\"https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/\">Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives\u003c/a> license.\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>",
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"content": "\u003cp>Wall Street has been whipsawed for \u003ca href=\"https://www.npr.org/2025/04/08/nx-s1-5355914/markets-swing-on-hopes-for-tariffs-deals\">more than a week\u003c/a> by President Trump’s every word about tariffs. Now he’s facing accusations of using his power to deliberately manipulate the markets.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The scrutiny started with a tale of two social media posts. On Wednesday, shortly after the U.S. stock market opened, Trump \u003ca href=\"https://truthsocial.com/@realDonaldTrump/posts/114308272725981913\">posted on his Truth Social network\u003c/a> in all caps: “THIS IS A GREAT TIME TO BUY!!!”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Less than \u003ca href=\"https://truthsocial.com/@realDonaldTrump/posts/114309144289505174\">four hours \u003c/a>after his post, Trump said on Truth Social that \u003ca href=\"https://www.npr.org/2025/04/09/nx-s1-5357645/trump-tariffs-paused\">he would pause\u003c/a> the harshest of his tariffs on most countries.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Stocks immediately \u003ca href=\"https://www.npr.org/2025/04/09/nx-s1-5357405/stocks-tariffs-china-eu-trump-trade-war\">skyrocketed in relief\u003c/a>, with the Dow closing up almost 3,000 points — meaning that any investors who had followed Trump’s advice in the morning and bought into the stock market right away would have made quite a bit of money by the end of the day.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Prior to his post, share prices had been plummeting \u003ca href=\"https://www.npr.org/2025/04/07/nx-s1-5354231/markets-continue-to-tumble-following-trumps-new-tariffs-announcement\">for days\u003c/a>, as fears mounted about the economic damage Trump’s new trade policies could cause. Powerful investors and billionaire business leaders had \u003ca href=\"https://www.npr.org/2025/04/07/nx-s1-5354797/tariffs-wall-street-warnings\">increasingly gone public\u003c/a> airing their worries about the new tariffs and the resulting financial panic.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>By Wednesday afternoon, Trump seemed to hear them when he hit pause.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Now some Democratic lawmakers and government ethics experts are calling for investigations into whether Trump was attempting to deliberately manipulate the markets, or to enable others to trade on insider information.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Sens. Adam Schiff, Democrat from California, and Ruben Gallego, Democrat from Arizona, \u003ca href=\"https://www.schiff.senate.gov/wp-content/uploads/2025/04/2025.04.10-Sens.-Schiff-Gallego-Letter-to-WH-OGE-on-Insider-Trading-and-Tariffs.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">sent a letter (PDF)\u003c/a> to the White House on Wednesday requesting “an urgent inquiry into whether President Trump, his family, or other members of the administration engaged in insider trading or other illegal financial transactions, informed by advanced knowledge” of his tariff policy changes.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Sen. Elizabeth Warren, Democrat from Massachusetts, \u003ca href=\"https://finance.yahoo.com/news/aoc-elizabeth-warren-demand-answers-135944420.html\">also called\u003c/a> for an investigation, asking on the floor of Congress if this was “corruption in plain sight.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>White House spokesperson Kush Desai accused Democrats of “playing partisan games” and tells NPR that Trump’s early-morning post was merely meant to calm investors’ fears.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“”It is the responsibility of the President of the United States to reassure the markets and Americans about their economic security,” he wrote in an emailed statement.\u003c/p>\n\u003ch2>George W. Bush’s former chief ethics lawyer says such statements would have led to firing\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>But the criticisms of Trump’s two Truth Social posts aren’t just limited to his partisan opponents.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“We can’t have senior public officials — including the president — talking about stock prices and where to buy or to sell at the same time as they are making and announcing decisions that have a dramatic impact on stock prices,” says Richard Painter, a law professor at the University of Minnesota, who previously served as the chief ethics lawyer for President George W. Bush.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[aside postID=forum_2010101909473 hero='https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/43/2025/04/GettyImages-2207863842-stock-market-tariffs-1020x574.jpg']\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>If anyone in the Bush administration had made similar public statements urging people to buy or sell stocks, Painter added, “that person probably would [have been] fired.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Painter did not accuse President Trump of market manipulation: “We don’t have clear evidence of that here,” he tells NPR.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But he pointed out that the president already has a track record of \u003ca href=\"https://www.npr.org/2024/11/29/nx-s1-5209831/a-second-trump-term-could-bring-more-financial-conflicts-of-interest\">pushing the boundaries\u003c/a>, at the very least.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Financial conflicts of interests for President Trump \u003ca href=\"https://www.npr.org/2016/12/05/503611249/trumps-businesses-and-potential-conflicts-sorting-it-out\">have been a concern\u003c/a> since he was first elected in 2016,” Painter says, adding that the problems today are even greater.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Trump’s \u003ca href=\"https://www.npr.org/2024/09/25/nx-s1-5056183/trump-has-a-pro-cryptocurrency-platform-while-harris-chases-the-crypto-vote\">embrace of the crypto industry\u003c/a>, for example, has drawn \u003ca href=\"https://www.npr.org/2024/11/11/nx-s1-5184152/the-crypto-industry-won-big-this-election-it-has-several-implications\">ongoing scrutiny\u003c/a>: The president, who has a growing personal portfolio of cryptocurrency-related businesses, has appointed \u003ca href=\"https://www.npr.org/2024/11/19/nx-s1-5189643/commerce-treasury-secretary-howard-lutnick-trump-cantor-fitzgerald\">pro-crypto Cabinet officials\u003c/a> and promised the industry much friendlier regulation.\u003c/p>\n\u003ch2>It’s up to the SEC to investigate accusations of insider trading\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>Despite the wide-ranging calls for investigations into Trump’s social media posts on Wednesday, Painter and others aren’t expecting to see much happen.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The Republican lawmakers who control both the House and Senate have shown little interest in picking fights with Trump. Nor do ethics experts expect much movement from the U.S. Securities and Exchange Commission, which investigates accusations of insider trading.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>On Wednesday, the Senate\u003ca href=\"https://thehill.com/business/5241843-trump-sec-chair-pick-paul-atkins-confirmed-senate/\"> voted to confirm\u003c/a> Trump nominee \u003ca href=\"https://www.npr.org/2024/12/04/g-s1-36803/trump-crypto-paul-atkins-sec-chair\">Paul Atkins\u003c/a> to lead the SEC. And Trump in February \u003ca href=\"https://www.npr.org/2025/02/19/nx-s1-5302481/trump-independent-agencies\">signed an executive order\u003c/a> claiming more power over independent regulatory agencies, including the SEC.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>An SEC spokesperson declined to comment on the matter.\u003c/p>\n\n",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>Wall Street has been whipsawed for \u003ca href=\"https://www.npr.org/2025/04/08/nx-s1-5355914/markets-swing-on-hopes-for-tariffs-deals\">more than a week\u003c/a> by President Trump’s every word about tariffs. Now he’s facing accusations of using his power to deliberately manipulate the markets.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The scrutiny started with a tale of two social media posts. On Wednesday, shortly after the U.S. stock market opened, Trump \u003ca href=\"https://truthsocial.com/@realDonaldTrump/posts/114308272725981913\">posted on his Truth Social network\u003c/a> in all caps: “THIS IS A GREAT TIME TO BUY!!!”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Less than \u003ca href=\"https://truthsocial.com/@realDonaldTrump/posts/114309144289505174\">four hours \u003c/a>after his post, Trump said on Truth Social that \u003ca href=\"https://www.npr.org/2025/04/09/nx-s1-5357645/trump-tariffs-paused\">he would pause\u003c/a> the harshest of his tariffs on most countries.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Stocks immediately \u003ca href=\"https://www.npr.org/2025/04/09/nx-s1-5357405/stocks-tariffs-china-eu-trump-trade-war\">skyrocketed in relief\u003c/a>, with the Dow closing up almost 3,000 points — meaning that any investors who had followed Trump’s advice in the morning and bought into the stock market right away would have made quite a bit of money by the end of the day.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Prior to his post, share prices had been plummeting \u003ca href=\"https://www.npr.org/2025/04/07/nx-s1-5354231/markets-continue-to-tumble-following-trumps-new-tariffs-announcement\">for days\u003c/a>, as fears mounted about the economic damage Trump’s new trade policies could cause. Powerful investors and billionaire business leaders had \u003ca href=\"https://www.npr.org/2025/04/07/nx-s1-5354797/tariffs-wall-street-warnings\">increasingly gone public\u003c/a> airing their worries about the new tariffs and the resulting financial panic.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>By Wednesday afternoon, Trump seemed to hear them when he hit pause.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Now some Democratic lawmakers and government ethics experts are calling for investigations into whether Trump was attempting to deliberately manipulate the markets, or to enable others to trade on insider information.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Sens. Adam Schiff, Democrat from California, and Ruben Gallego, Democrat from Arizona, \u003ca href=\"https://www.schiff.senate.gov/wp-content/uploads/2025/04/2025.04.10-Sens.-Schiff-Gallego-Letter-to-WH-OGE-on-Insider-Trading-and-Tariffs.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">sent a letter (PDF)\u003c/a> to the White House on Wednesday requesting “an urgent inquiry into whether President Trump, his family, or other members of the administration engaged in insider trading or other illegal financial transactions, informed by advanced knowledge” of his tariff policy changes.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Sen. Elizabeth Warren, Democrat from Massachusetts, \u003ca href=\"https://finance.yahoo.com/news/aoc-elizabeth-warren-demand-answers-135944420.html\">also called\u003c/a> for an investigation, asking on the floor of Congress if this was “corruption in plain sight.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>White House spokesperson Kush Desai accused Democrats of “playing partisan games” and tells NPR that Trump’s early-morning post was merely meant to calm investors’ fears.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“”It is the responsibility of the President of the United States to reassure the markets and Americans about their economic security,” he wrote in an emailed statement.\u003c/p>\n\u003ch2>George W. Bush’s former chief ethics lawyer says such statements would have led to firing\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>But the criticisms of Trump’s two Truth Social posts aren’t just limited to his partisan opponents.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“We can’t have senior public officials — including the president — talking about stock prices and where to buy or to sell at the same time as they are making and announcing decisions that have a dramatic impact on stock prices,” says Richard Painter, a law professor at the University of Minnesota, who previously served as the chief ethics lawyer for President George W. Bush.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>If anyone in the Bush administration had made similar public statements urging people to buy or sell stocks, Painter added, “that person probably would [have been] fired.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Painter did not accuse President Trump of market manipulation: “We don’t have clear evidence of that here,” he tells NPR.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But he pointed out that the president already has a track record of \u003ca href=\"https://www.npr.org/2024/11/29/nx-s1-5209831/a-second-trump-term-could-bring-more-financial-conflicts-of-interest\">pushing the boundaries\u003c/a>, at the very least.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Financial conflicts of interests for President Trump \u003ca href=\"https://www.npr.org/2016/12/05/503611249/trumps-businesses-and-potential-conflicts-sorting-it-out\">have been a concern\u003c/a> since he was first elected in 2016,” Painter says, adding that the problems today are even greater.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Trump’s \u003ca href=\"https://www.npr.org/2024/09/25/nx-s1-5056183/trump-has-a-pro-cryptocurrency-platform-while-harris-chases-the-crypto-vote\">embrace of the crypto industry\u003c/a>, for example, has drawn \u003ca href=\"https://www.npr.org/2024/11/11/nx-s1-5184152/the-crypto-industry-won-big-this-election-it-has-several-implications\">ongoing scrutiny\u003c/a>: The president, who has a growing personal portfolio of cryptocurrency-related businesses, has appointed \u003ca href=\"https://www.npr.org/2024/11/19/nx-s1-5189643/commerce-treasury-secretary-howard-lutnick-trump-cantor-fitzgerald\">pro-crypto Cabinet officials\u003c/a> and promised the industry much friendlier regulation.\u003c/p>\n\u003ch2>It’s up to the SEC to investigate accusations of insider trading\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>Despite the wide-ranging calls for investigations into Trump’s social media posts on Wednesday, Painter and others aren’t expecting to see much happen.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The Republican lawmakers who control both the House and Senate have shown little interest in picking fights with Trump. Nor do ethics experts expect much movement from the U.S. Securities and Exchange Commission, which investigates accusations of insider trading.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>On Wednesday, the Senate\u003ca href=\"https://thehill.com/business/5241843-trump-sec-chair-pick-paul-atkins-confirmed-senate/\"> voted to confirm\u003c/a> Trump nominee \u003ca href=\"https://www.npr.org/2024/12/04/g-s1-36803/trump-crypto-paul-atkins-sec-chair\">Paul Atkins\u003c/a> to lead the SEC. And Trump in February \u003ca href=\"https://www.npr.org/2025/02/19/nx-s1-5302481/trump-independent-agencies\">signed an executive order\u003c/a> claiming more power over independent regulatory agencies, including the SEC.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>An SEC spokesperson declined to comment on the matter.\u003c/p>\n\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>",
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"content": "\u003cp>When pressed for evidence about why activist Mahmoud Khalil was arrested by immigration authorities last month, the Department of Homeland Security shared a two-page letter from Secretary of State Marco Rubio that accuses the Columbia University graduate student of participating in “antisemitic protests and disruptive activities.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>That letter is at the heart of the \u003ca href=\"https://s3.documentcloud.org/documents/25894225/dhs-documents-mahmoud-khalil.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Trump administration’s case (PDF)\u003c/a> against Khalil, according to his attorneys.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The letter, which was undated, was released by Khalil’s legal team on Thursday, the day after the Trump administration submitted it in an immigration court filing. Rubio writes that Khalil’s continued presence in the U.S. would have “potentially serious adverse foreign consequences, and would compromise a compelling U.S. foreign policy interest.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But Khalil’s lawyers say the government has provided no additional evidence to explain the basis for Rubio’s conclusion.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Two pages. That’s it,” said Marc Van Der Hout, one of Khalil’s lawyers. “There is no there there at all.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Lawyers for the Department of Homeland Security released their evidence against Khalil, who is a lawful permanent resident, after \u003ca href=\"https://www.npr.org/2025/04/08/nx-s1-5356477/mahmoud-khalil-immigration-judge-ruling-ice-louisiana\">an immigration judge in Louisiana ordered them to do so\u003c/a> at a hearing on Tuesday.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The Trump administration is trying to deport the 30-year-old, who played a prominent role in campus protests last year. Judge Jamee Comans said she will rule on Friday whether Khalil can be deported, or whether he must be freed. Whichever side loses is likely to appeal to the Board of Immigration Appeals.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Khalil’s case has become a crucial test for how far the Trump administration can go to deport noncitizen protesters. Khalil insists he was expressing support for Palestinians in Gaza, while administration officials accuse him of providing support to Hamas terrorism.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[aside postID=forum_2010101909250 hero='https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/43/2025/03/GettyImages-2205115524-1-1020x574.jpg']\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Khalil’s legal case is proceeding on multiple tracks. While an immigration judge considers the evidence against him, Khalid’s lawyers are also challenging his March 8 detention in federal court in New Jersey.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>After ICE agents arrested Khalil on March 8 and shipped him to Louisiana, Rubio said he had revoked Khalil’s green card.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Rubio relied on a rarely used statute from the Immigration and Nationality Act of 1952 that authorizes the secretary of state to personally order the deportation of people whose presence in the U.S. the secretary believes “would have potentially serious adverse foreign policy consequences for the United States.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But in 1990, after the Cold War ended, lawmakers modified the law to protect “beliefs, statements, or associations” that are “lawful within the United States,” and raised the standard for deportation to cases in which the foreigner’s presence in the U.S. would “compromise a compelling United States foreign policy interest.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Khalil’s lawyers say that Rubio’s letter alone does not meet that high standard.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“His determination, quote unquote, has absolutely nothing to do with foreign policy,” Van Der Hout said during a Zoom meeting with reporters on Thursday. “What does he talk about? He talks about First Amendment activity in the United States, and the effect on people in the United States.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Days after Khalil was arrested and detained, Homeland Security officials charged him with several additional civil violations. They allege he withheld information on his 2024 green card application, including his work history with a United Nations relief agency and his involvement with a pro-Palestinian activist group at Columbia University.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Khalil’s lawyers deny those charges. The government filed additional documents on Wednesday in support of those charges, Van Der Hout said, “but it is zero to do with the foreign policy charge. And there is zero support for the government’s allegations about any misrepresentation.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Free speech advocates argue the administration is violating the U.S. Constitution by targeting immigrants for their activism and their political beliefs. Khalil and several other students and scholars who have been detained have challenged their arrests on constitutional grounds.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n",
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"excerpt": "At the heart of the Trump administration's case against Khalil is a letter from Secretary of State Marco Rubio in which he writes that Khalil's continued presence in the US would have 'potentially serious adverse foreign consequences, and would compromise a compelling U.S. foreign policy interest.'",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>When pressed for evidence about why activist Mahmoud Khalil was arrested by immigration authorities last month, the Department of Homeland Security shared a two-page letter from Secretary of State Marco Rubio that accuses the Columbia University graduate student of participating in “antisemitic protests and disruptive activities.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>That letter is at the heart of the \u003ca href=\"https://s3.documentcloud.org/documents/25894225/dhs-documents-mahmoud-khalil.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Trump administration’s case (PDF)\u003c/a> against Khalil, according to his attorneys.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The letter, which was undated, was released by Khalil’s legal team on Thursday, the day after the Trump administration submitted it in an immigration court filing. Rubio writes that Khalil’s continued presence in the U.S. would have “potentially serious adverse foreign consequences, and would compromise a compelling U.S. foreign policy interest.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But Khalil’s lawyers say the government has provided no additional evidence to explain the basis for Rubio’s conclusion.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Two pages. That’s it,” said Marc Van Der Hout, one of Khalil’s lawyers. “There is no there there at all.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Lawyers for the Department of Homeland Security released their evidence against Khalil, who is a lawful permanent resident, after \u003ca href=\"https://www.npr.org/2025/04/08/nx-s1-5356477/mahmoud-khalil-immigration-judge-ruling-ice-louisiana\">an immigration judge in Louisiana ordered them to do so\u003c/a> at a hearing on Tuesday.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The Trump administration is trying to deport the 30-year-old, who played a prominent role in campus protests last year. Judge Jamee Comans said she will rule on Friday whether Khalil can be deported, or whether he must be freed. Whichever side loses is likely to appeal to the Board of Immigration Appeals.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Khalil’s case has become a crucial test for how far the Trump administration can go to deport noncitizen protesters. Khalil insists he was expressing support for Palestinians in Gaza, while administration officials accuse him of providing support to Hamas terrorism.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Khalil’s legal case is proceeding on multiple tracks. While an immigration judge considers the evidence against him, Khalid’s lawyers are also challenging his March 8 detention in federal court in New Jersey.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>After ICE agents arrested Khalil on March 8 and shipped him to Louisiana, Rubio said he had revoked Khalil’s green card.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Rubio relied on a rarely used statute from the Immigration and Nationality Act of 1952 that authorizes the secretary of state to personally order the deportation of people whose presence in the U.S. the secretary believes “would have potentially serious adverse foreign policy consequences for the United States.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But in 1990, after the Cold War ended, lawmakers modified the law to protect “beliefs, statements, or associations” that are “lawful within the United States,” and raised the standard for deportation to cases in which the foreigner’s presence in the U.S. would “compromise a compelling United States foreign policy interest.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Khalil’s lawyers say that Rubio’s letter alone does not meet that high standard.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“His determination, quote unquote, has absolutely nothing to do with foreign policy,” Van Der Hout said during a Zoom meeting with reporters on Thursday. “What does he talk about? He talks about First Amendment activity in the United States, and the effect on people in the United States.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Days after Khalil was arrested and detained, Homeland Security officials charged him with several additional civil violations. They allege he withheld information on his 2024 green card application, including his work history with a United Nations relief agency and his involvement with a pro-Palestinian activist group at Columbia University.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Khalil’s lawyers deny those charges. The government filed additional documents on Wednesday in support of those charges, Van Der Hout said, “but it is zero to do with the foreign policy charge. And there is zero support for the government’s allegations about any misrepresentation.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Free speech advocates argue the administration is violating the U.S. Constitution by targeting immigrants for their activism and their political beliefs. Khalil and several other students and scholars who have been detained have challenged their arrests on constitutional grounds.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>",
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"title": "The California Report Magazine",
"tagline": "Your state, your stories",
"info": "Every week, The California Report Magazine takes you on a road trip for the ears: to visit the places and meet the people who make California unique. The in-depth storytelling podcast from the California Report.",
"airtime": "FRI 4:30pm-5pm, 6:30pm-7pm, 11pm-11:30pm",
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"officialWebsiteLink": "/californiareportmagazine",
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"order": 10
},
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"google": "https://podcasts.google.com/feed/aHR0cHM6Ly9mZWVkcy5tZWdhcGhvbmUuZm0vS1FJTkM3NjkwNjk1OTAz",
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},
"city-arts": {
"id": "city-arts",
"title": "City Arts & Lectures",
"info": "A one-hour radio program to hear celebrated writers, artists and thinkers address contemporary ideas and values, often discussing the creative process. Please note: tapes or transcripts are not available",
"imageSrc": "https://ww2.kqed.org/radio/wp-content/uploads/sites/50/2018/05/cityartsandlecture-300x300.jpg",
"officialWebsiteLink": "https://www.cityarts.net/",
"airtime": "SUN 1pm-2pm, TUE 10pm, WED 1am",
"meta": {
"site": "news",
"source": "City Arts & Lectures"
},
"link": "https://www.cityarts.net",
"subscribe": {
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"rss": "https://www.cityarts.net/feed/"
}
},
"closealltabs": {
"id": "closealltabs",
"title": "Close All Tabs",
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"info": "Close All Tabs breaks down how digital culture shapes our world through thoughtful insights and irreverent humor.",
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"officialWebsiteLink": "/podcasts/closealltabs",
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"source": "kqed",
"order": 1
},
"link": "/podcasts/closealltabs",
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"rss": "https://feeds.megaphone.fm/KQINC6993880386",
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"id": "code-switch-life-kit",
"title": "Code Switch / Life Kit",
"info": "\u003cem>Code Switch\u003c/em>, which listeners will hear in the first part of the hour, has fearless and much-needed conversations about race. Hosted by journalists of color, the show tackles the subject of race head-on, exploring how it impacts every part of society — from politics and pop culture to history, sports and more.\u003cbr />\u003cbr />\u003cem>Life Kit\u003c/em>, which will be in the second part of the hour, guides you through spaces and feelings no one prepares you for — from finances to mental health, from workplace microaggressions to imposter syndrome, from relationships to parenting. The show features experts with real world experience and shares their knowledge. Because everyone needs a little help being human.\u003cbr />\u003cbr />\u003ca href=\"https://www.npr.org/podcasts/510312/codeswitch\">\u003cem>Code Switch\u003c/em> offical site and podcast\u003c/a>\u003cbr />\u003ca href=\"https://www.npr.org/lifekit\">\u003cem>Life Kit\u003c/em> offical site and podcast\u003c/a>\u003cbr />",
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"meta": {
"site": "radio",
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"link": "/radio/program/code-switch-life-kit",
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"google": "https://podcasts.google.com/feed/aHR0cHM6Ly93d3cubnByLm9yZy9yc3MvcG9kY2FzdC5waHA_aWQ9NTEwMzEy",
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"id": "commonwealth-club",
"title": "Commonwealth Club of California Podcast",
"info": "The Commonwealth Club of California is the nation's oldest and largest public affairs forum. As a non-partisan forum, The Club brings to the public airwaves diverse viewpoints on important topics. The Club's weekly radio broadcast - the oldest in the U.S., dating back to 1924 - is carried across the nation on public radio stations and is now podcasting. Our website archive features audio of our recent programs, as well as selected speeches from our long and distinguished history. This podcast feed is usually updated twice a week and is always un-edited.",
"airtime": "THU 10pm, FRI 1am",
"imageSrc": "https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/04/Commonwealth-Club-Podcast-Tile-360x360-1.jpg",
"officialWebsiteLink": "https://www.commonwealthclub.org/podcasts",
"meta": {
"site": "news",
"source": "Commonwealth Club of California"
},
"link": "/radio/program/commonwealth-club",
"subscribe": {
"apple": "https://itunes.apple.com/us/podcast/commonwealth-club-of-california-podcast/id976334034?mt=2",
"google": "https://podcasts.google.com/feed/aHR0cDovL3d3dy5jb21tb253ZWFsdGhjbHViLm9yZy9hdWRpby9wb2RjYXN0L3dlZWtseS54bWw",
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}
},
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"id": "forum",
"title": "Forum",
"tagline": "The conversation starts here",
"info": "KQED’s live call-in program discussing local, state, national and international issues, as well as in-depth interviews.",
"airtime": "MON-FRI 9am-11am, 10pm-11pm",
"imageSrc": "https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/04/Forum-Podcast-Tile-703x703-1.jpg",
"imageAlt": "KQED Forum with Mina Kim and Alexis Madrigal",
"officialWebsiteLink": "/forum",
"meta": {
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"source": "kqed",
"order": 9
},
"link": "/forum",
"subscribe": {
"apple": "https://podcasts.apple.com/us/podcast/kqeds-forum/id73329719",
"google": "https://podcasts.google.com/feed/aHR0cHM6Ly9mZWVkcy5tZWdhcGhvbmUuZm0vS1FJTkM5NTU3MzgxNjMz",
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"rss": "https://feeds.megaphone.fm/KQINC9557381633"
}
},
"freakonomics-radio": {
"id": "freakonomics-radio",
"title": "Freakonomics Radio",
"info": "Freakonomics Radio is a one-hour award-winning podcast and public-radio project hosted by Stephen Dubner, with co-author Steve Levitt as a regular guest. It is produced in partnership with WNYC.",
"imageSrc": "https://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2018/05/freakonomicsRadio.png",
"officialWebsiteLink": "http://freakonomics.com/",
"airtime": "SUN 1am-2am, SAT 3pm-4pm",
"meta": {
"site": "radio",
"source": "WNYC"
},
"link": "/radio/program/freakonomics-radio",
"subscribe": {
"npr": "https://rpb3r.app.goo.gl/4s8b",
"apple": "https://itunes.apple.com/us/podcast/freakonomics-radio/id354668519",
"tuneIn": "https://tunein.com/podcasts/WNYC-Podcasts/Freakonomics-Radio-p272293/",
"rss": "https://feeds.feedburner.com/freakonomicsradio"
}
},
"fresh-air": {
"id": "fresh-air",
"title": "Fresh Air",
"info": "Hosted by Terry Gross, \u003cem>Fresh Air from WHYY\u003c/em> is the Peabody Award-winning weekday magazine of contemporary arts and issues. One of public radio's most popular programs, Fresh Air features intimate conversations with today's biggest luminaries.",
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"meta": {
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"link": "/radio/program/fresh-air",
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"apple": "https://itunes.apple.com/WebObjects/MZStore.woa/wa/viewPodcast?s=143441&mt=2&id=214089682&at=11l79Y&ct=nprdirectory",
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"rss": "https://feeds.npr.org/381444908/podcast.xml"
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"here-and-now": {
"id": "here-and-now",
"title": "Here & Now",
"info": "A live production of NPR and WBUR Boston, in collaboration with stations across the country, Here & Now reflects the fluid world of news as it's happening in the middle of the day, with timely, in-depth news, interviews and conversation. Hosted by Robin Young, Jeremy Hobson and Tonya Mosley.",
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"rss": "https://feeds.npr.org/510051/podcast.xml"
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},
"hidden-brain": {
"id": "hidden-brain",
"title": "Hidden Brain",
"info": "Shankar Vedantam uses science and storytelling to reveal the unconscious patterns that drive human behavior, shape our choices and direct our relationships.",
"imageSrc": "https://ww2.kqed.org/radio/wp-content/uploads/sites/50/2018/05/hiddenbrain.jpg",
"officialWebsiteLink": "https://www.npr.org/series/423302056/hidden-brain",
"airtime": "SUN 7pm-8pm",
"meta": {
"site": "news",
"source": "NPR"
},
"link": "/radio/program/hidden-brain",
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"apple": "https://itunes.apple.com/us/podcast/hidden-brain/id1028908750?mt=2",
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"rss": "https://feeds.npr.org/510308/podcast.xml"
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},
"how-i-built-this": {
"id": "how-i-built-this",
"title": "How I Built This with Guy Raz",
"info": "Guy Raz dives into the stories behind some of the world's best known companies. How I Built This weaves a narrative journey about innovators, entrepreneurs and idealists—and the movements they built.",
"imageSrc": "https://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2018/05/howIBuiltThis.png",
"officialWebsiteLink": "https://www.npr.org/podcasts/510313/how-i-built-this",
"airtime": "SUN 7:30pm-8pm",
"meta": {
"site": "news",
"source": "npr"
},
"link": "/radio/program/how-i-built-this",
"subscribe": {
"npr": "https://rpb3r.app.goo.gl/3zxy",
"apple": "https://itunes.apple.com/us/podcast/how-i-built-this-with-guy-raz/id1150510297?mt=2",
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"rss": "https://feeds.npr.org/510313/podcast.xml"
}
},
"hyphenacion": {
"id": "hyphenacion",
"title": "Hyphenación",
"tagline": "Where conversation and cultura meet",
"info": "What kind of no sabo word is Hyphenación? For us, it’s about living within a hyphenation. Like being a third-gen Mexican-American from the Texas border now living that Bay Area Chicano life. Like Xorje! Each week we bring together a couple of hyphenated Latinos to talk all about personal life choices: family, careers, relationships, belonging … everything is on the table. ",
"imageSrc": "https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2025/03/Hyphenacion_FinalAssets_PodcastTile.png",
"imageAlt": "KQED Hyphenación",
"officialWebsiteLink": "/podcasts/hyphenacion",
"meta": {
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"source": "kqed",
"order": 15
},
"link": "/podcasts/hyphenacion",
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"spotify": "https://open.spotify.com/show/2p3Fifq96nw9BPcmFdIq0o?si=39209f7b25774f38",
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"amazon": "https://music.amazon.com/podcasts/6c3dd23c-93fb-4aab-97ba-1725fa6315f1/hyphenaci%C3%B3n",
"rss": "https://feeds.megaphone.fm/KQINC2275451163"
}
},
"jerrybrown": {
"id": "jerrybrown",
"title": "The Political Mind of Jerry Brown",
"tagline": "Lessons from a lifetime in politics",
"info": "The Political Mind of Jerry Brown brings listeners the wisdom of the former Governor, Mayor, and presidential candidate. Scott Shafer interviewed Brown for more than 40 hours, covering the former governor's life and half-century in the political game – and Brown has some lessons he'd like to share. ",
"imageSrc": "https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/04/The-Political-Mind-of-Jerry-Brown-Podcast-Tile-703x703-1.jpg",
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"officialWebsiteLink": "/podcasts/jerrybrown",
"meta": {
"site": "news",
"source": "kqed",
"order": 18
},
"link": "/podcasts/jerrybrown",
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"apple": "https://itunes.apple.com/us/podcast/id1492194549",
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}
},
"latino-usa": {
"id": "latino-usa",
"title": "Latino USA",
"airtime": "MON 1am-2am, SUN 6pm-7pm",
"info": "Latino USA, the radio journal of news and culture, is the only national, English-language radio program produced from a Latino perspective.",
"imageSrc": "https://ww2.kqed.org/radio/wp-content/uploads/sites/50/2018/04/latinoUsa.jpg",
"officialWebsiteLink": "http://latinousa.org/",
"meta": {
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"source": "npr"
},
"link": "/radio/program/latino-usa",
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"apple": "https://itunes.apple.com/WebObjects/MZStore.woa/wa/viewPodcast?s=143441&mt=2&id=79681317&at=11l79Y&ct=nprdirectory",
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"rss": "https://feeds.npr.org/510016/podcast.xml"
}
},
"marketplace": {
"id": "marketplace",
"title": "Marketplace",
"info": "Our flagship program, helmed by Kai Ryssdal, examines what the day in money delivered, through stories, conversations, newsworthy numbers and more. Updated Monday through Friday at about 3:30 p.m. PT.",
"airtime": "MON-FRI 4pm-4:30pm, MON-WED 6:30pm-7pm",
"imageSrc": "https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/04/Marketplace-Podcast-Tile-360x360-1.jpg",
"officialWebsiteLink": "https://www.marketplace.org/",
"meta": {
"site": "news",
"source": "American Public Media"
},
"link": "/radio/program/marketplace",
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"rss": "https://feeds.publicradio.org/public_feeds/marketplace-pm/rss/rss"
}
},
"masters-of-scale": {
"id": "masters-of-scale",
"title": "Masters of Scale",
"info": "Masters of Scale is an original podcast in which LinkedIn co-founder and Greylock Partner Reid Hoffman sets out to describe and prove theories that explain how great entrepreneurs take their companies from zero to a gazillion in ingenious fashion.",
"airtime": "Every other Wednesday June 12 through October 16 at 8pm (repeats Thursdays at 2am)",
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"officialWebsiteLink": "https://mastersofscale.com/",
"meta": {
"site": "radio",
"source": "WaitWhat"
},
"link": "/radio/program/masters-of-scale",
"subscribe": {
"apple": "http://mastersofscale.app.link/",
"rss": "https://rss.art19.com/masters-of-scale"
}
},
"mindshift": {
"id": "mindshift",
"title": "MindShift",
"tagline": "A podcast about the future of learning and how we raise our kids",
"info": "The MindShift podcast explores the innovations in education that are shaping how kids learn. Hosts Ki Sung and Katrina Schwartz introduce listeners to educators, researchers, parents and students who are developing effective ways to improve how kids learn. We cover topics like how fed-up administrators are developing surprising tactics to deal with classroom disruptions; how listening to podcasts are helping kids develop reading skills; the consequences of overparenting; and why interdisciplinary learning can engage students on all ends of the traditional achievement spectrum. This podcast is part of the MindShift education site, a division of KQED News. KQED is an NPR/PBS member station based in San Francisco. You can also visit the MindShift website for episodes and supplemental blog posts or tweet us \u003ca href=\"https://twitter.com/MindShiftKQED\">@MindShiftKQED\u003c/a> or visit us at \u003ca href=\"/mindshift\">MindShift.KQED.org\u003c/a>",
"imageSrc": "https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/04/Mindshift-Podcast-Tile-703x703-1.jpg",
"imageAlt": "KQED MindShift: How We Will Learn",
"officialWebsiteLink": "/mindshift/",
"meta": {
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"source": "kqed",
"order": 12
},
"link": "/podcasts/mindshift",
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"google": "https://podcasts.google.com/feed/aHR0cHM6Ly9mZWVkcy5tZWdhcGhvbmUuZm0vS1FJTkM1NzY0NjAwNDI5",
"npr": "https://www.npr.org/podcasts/464615685/mind-shift-podcast",
"stitcher": "https://www.stitcher.com/podcast/kqed/stories-teachers-share",
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}
},
"morning-edition": {
"id": "morning-edition",
"title": "Morning Edition",
"info": "\u003cem>Morning Edition\u003c/em> takes listeners around the country and the world with multi-faceted stories and commentaries every weekday. Hosts Steve Inskeep, David Greene and Rachel Martin bring you the latest breaking news and features to prepare you for the day.",
"airtime": "MON-FRI 3am-9am",
"imageSrc": "https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/04/Morning-Edition-Podcast-Tile-360x360-1.jpg",
"officialWebsiteLink": "https://www.npr.org/programs/morning-edition/",
"meta": {
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"link": "/radio/program/morning-edition"
},
"onourwatch": {
"id": "onourwatch",
"title": "On Our Watch",
"tagline": "Deeply-reported investigative journalism",
"info": "For decades, the process for how police police themselves has been inconsistent – if not opaque. In some states, like California, these proceedings were completely hidden. After a new police transparency law unsealed scores of internal affairs files, our reporters set out to examine these cases and the shadow world of police discipline. On Our Watch brings listeners into the rooms where officers are questioned and witnesses are interrogated to find out who this system is really protecting. Is it the officers, or the public they've sworn to serve?",
"imageSrc": "https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/04/On-Our-Watch-Podcast-Tile-703x703-1.jpg",
"imageAlt": "On Our Watch from NPR and KQED",
"officialWebsiteLink": "/podcasts/onourwatch",
"meta": {
"site": "news",
"source": "kqed",
"order": 11
},
"link": "/podcasts/onourwatch",
"subscribe": {
"apple": "https://podcasts.apple.com/podcast/id1567098962",
"google": "https://podcasts.google.com/feed/aHR0cHM6Ly9mZWVkcy5ucHIub3JnLzUxMDM2MC9wb2RjYXN0LnhtbD9zYz1nb29nbGVwb2RjYXN0cw",
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"stitcher": "https://www.stitcher.com/show/on-our-watch",
"rss": "https://feeds.npr.org/510360/podcast.xml"
}
},
"on-the-media": {
"id": "on-the-media",
"title": "On The Media",
"info": "Our weekly podcast explores how the media 'sausage' is made, casts an incisive eye on fluctuations in the marketplace of ideas, and examines threats to the freedom of information and expression in America and abroad. For one hour a week, the show tries to lift the veil from the process of \"making media,\" especially news media, because it's through that lens that we see the world and the world sees us",
"airtime": "SUN 2pm-3pm, MON 12am-1am",
"imageSrc": "https://ww2.kqed.org/radio/wp-content/uploads/sites/50/2018/04/onTheMedia.png",
"officialWebsiteLink": "https://www.wnycstudios.org/shows/otm",
"meta": {
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"source": "wnyc"
},
"link": "/radio/program/on-the-media",
"subscribe": {
"apple": "https://itunes.apple.com/us/podcast/on-the-media/id73330715?mt=2",
"tuneIn": "https://tunein.com/radio/On-the-Media-p69/",
"rss": "http://feeds.wnyc.org/onthemedia"
}
},
"pbs-newshour": {
"id": "pbs-newshour",
"title": "PBS NewsHour",
"info": "Analysis, background reports and updates from the PBS NewsHour putting today's news in context.",
"airtime": "MON-FRI 3pm-4pm",
"imageSrc": "https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/04/PBS-News-Hour-Podcast-Tile-360x360-1.jpg",
"officialWebsiteLink": "https://www.pbs.org/newshour/",
"meta": {
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"source": "pbs"
},
"link": "/radio/program/pbs-newshour",
"subscribe": {
"apple": "https://itunes.apple.com/us/podcast/pbs-newshour-full-show/id394432287?mt=2",
"tuneIn": "https://tunein.com/radio/PBS-NewsHour---Full-Show-p425698/",
"rss": "https://www.pbs.org/newshour/feeds/rss/podcasts/show"
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