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"content": "\u003cp>\u003cem>This story was originally published by \u003ca href=\"https://calmatters.org/\">CalMatters\u003c/a>. \u003ca href=\"https://calmatters.org/subscribe-to-calmatters/\">Sign up\u003c/a> for their newsletters.\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The Department of Homeland Security told a federal court it will retrain more than 900 California-based Border Patrol agents after controversial immigration sweeps in Kern County in January.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The sweeps are the subject of a \u003ca href=\"https://calmatters.org/justice/2025/02/border-patrol-sued-over-kern-county-raids/\">federal lawsuit against the agencies\u003c/a> by the American Civil Liberties Union, which argued that agents targeted people solely for looking Latino or like farmworkers, violating Fourth Amendment protections against arbitrary arrest.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The leader of the Border Patrol’s El Centro sector, which conducted the raids, has maintained that his agents targeted specific people with criminal and deportation histories.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But agents hit targets frequented by day laborers and farmworkers, such as Home Depot, a convenience store and routes to local orchards and farms. Witnesses said people were stopped indiscriminately and asked for their immigration papers.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>And a CalMatters investigation, based on U.S. Customs and Border Protection records, \u003ca href=\"https://calmatters.org/economy/2025/04/border-patrol-records-kern-county/\">found that the agency had no criminal or immigration history on 77 of the 78 people arrested\u003c/a> in what was called “Operation Return to Sender.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Border Patrol does not admit to wrongdoing in the filing, but it’s also really striking that Border Patrol doesn’t defend its conduct in the filing,” said Bree Bernwanger, a senior staff attorney with the ACLU. “We know that their conduct was indefensible. The law doesn’t permit Border Patrol to assume that people are violating immigration law because they’re Brown.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The ACLU lawsuit was filed on behalf of the United Farm Workers and those detained. It asks a judge to issue an injunction to prevent the Border Patrol from any similar sweeps in California the future.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In court filings, DHS argued the court doesn’t have jurisdiction to review Border Patrol detentions — but also that the ACLU’s claims “have, in any event, been resolved” by new guidelines and training issued to its El Centro sector.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[aside postID=news_12029195 hero='https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2025/02/BakersfieldFarmworkersGetty-1020x680.jpg']\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Accordingly, [Border Patrol]’s prompt, responsive, and demonstrated commitment to forestalling similar alleged violations in the future renders an injunction inappropriate, either as a matter of mootness or lack of a cognizable continued and future irreparable injury,” lawyers for the federal Office of Immigration Litigation wrote.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The Central Valley immigration sweeps appeared to foreshadow the lengths federal agencies would go to fulfill President Donald Trump’s vow to dramatically ramp up immigration enforcement in the United States.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>A sworn declaration included with the DHS response, from senior Border Patrol official Sergio Guzman, said agents were issued updated legal guidance on April 4, 2025 prohibiting the El Centro Sector from making warrantless arrests unless they can show both probable cause that someone is in the United States in violation of immigration laws and that the person is likely to flee before a warrant can be obtained. Just being in the U.S. without authorization, the new guidance says, is no longer enough to justify such an arrest. Vehicle stops must be based on “specific, articulable facts,” and agents must document those reasons in formal immigration arrest records.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The federal government said more than 900 agents in the El Centro sector will be trained on the new guidelines, including on how to write reports and how to comply with the Fourth Amendment.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The court documents also say the new guidance is the same as guidelines to follow the law already issued by DHS.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“The law has been the same all along, and in January, we saw that Border Patrol, which obviously should have known what this law is that has been on the books for decades requires, they didn’t and couldn’t follow it,” said Bernwanger. “We really don’t have any meaningful assurance that they’re going to follow the law now.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“It’s just a pinky swear” said Elizabeth Strater, national vice president at the United Farm Workers. “It’s a policy that could be withdrawn or changed at any time.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Whatever the outcome of the case, for many people detained or otherwise affected by the January raids, the damage has already been done.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Wilder Munguia Esquivel, 38, a licensed handyman and longtime Bakersfield resident, said in an affidavit filed with the ACLU lawsuit that agents in masks and sunglasses yanked him from a group of day laborers outside a Home Depot. “My first thought was they might be terrorists mugging or kidnapping us. I even wondered if we could be murdered,” he stated. He said he still suffers pain in his arm from the encounter.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Maria Guadalupe Hernandez Espinoza, a 46-year-old greenhouse worker with no criminal record, said in another affidavit that agents forcibly expelled her to Mexico under what they falsely labeled a “voluntary” departure. “My whole life was left in Bakersfield,” she said. “Everything I worked for is in Bakersfield.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>U.S. citizen Ernesto Campos Gutierrez, a 44-year-old landscaper, said he was stopped by armed Border Patrol agents who slashed the tires of his work truck with a knife and refused to explain why he was being detained. “I believe the Border Patrol stopped me solely because of the color of my skin and my appearance,” he said in court filings.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>A hearing on the case is set for April 28 in the U.S. District Court in the Eastern District of California in Fresno.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>This article was \u003ca href=\"https://calmatters.org/justice/2025/04/border-patrol-to-retrain-hundreds-of-california-agents-on-how-to-comply-with-the-constitution/\">originally published on CalMatters\u003c/a> and was republished under the \u003ca href=\"https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/\">Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives\u003c/a> license.\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Accordingly, [Border Patrol]’s prompt, responsive, and demonstrated commitment to forestalling similar alleged violations in the future renders an injunction inappropriate, either as a matter of mootness or lack of a cognizable continued and future irreparable injury,” lawyers for the federal Office of Immigration Litigation wrote.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The Central Valley immigration sweeps appeared to foreshadow the lengths federal agencies would go to fulfill President Donald Trump’s vow to dramatically ramp up immigration enforcement in the United States.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>A sworn declaration included with the DHS response, from senior Border Patrol official Sergio Guzman, said agents were issued updated legal guidance on April 4, 2025 prohibiting the El Centro Sector from making warrantless arrests unless they can show both probable cause that someone is in the United States in violation of immigration laws and that the person is likely to flee before a warrant can be obtained. Just being in the U.S. without authorization, the new guidance says, is no longer enough to justify such an arrest. Vehicle stops must be based on “specific, articulable facts,” and agents must document those reasons in formal immigration arrest records.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The federal government said more than 900 agents in the El Centro sector will be trained on the new guidelines, including on how to write reports and how to comply with the Fourth Amendment.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The court documents also say the new guidance is the same as guidelines to follow the law already issued by DHS.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“The law has been the same all along, and in January, we saw that Border Patrol, which obviously should have known what this law is that has been on the books for decades requires, they didn’t and couldn’t follow it,” said Bernwanger. “We really don’t have any meaningful assurance that they’re going to follow the law now.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“It’s just a pinky swear” said Elizabeth Strater, national vice president at the United Farm Workers. “It’s a policy that could be withdrawn or changed at any time.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Whatever the outcome of the case, for many people detained or otherwise affected by the January raids, the damage has already been done.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Wilder Munguia Esquivel, 38, a licensed handyman and longtime Bakersfield resident, said in an affidavit filed with the ACLU lawsuit that agents in masks and sunglasses yanked him from a group of day laborers outside a Home Depot. “My first thought was they might be terrorists mugging or kidnapping us. I even wondered if we could be murdered,” he stated. He said he still suffers pain in his arm from the encounter.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Maria Guadalupe Hernandez Espinoza, a 46-year-old greenhouse worker with no criminal record, said in another affidavit that agents forcibly expelled her to Mexico under what they falsely labeled a “voluntary” departure. “My whole life was left in Bakersfield,” she said. “Everything I worked for is in Bakersfield.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>U.S. citizen Ernesto Campos Gutierrez, a 44-year-old landscaper, said he was stopped by armed Border Patrol agents who slashed the tires of his work truck with a knife and refused to explain why he was being detained. “I believe the Border Patrol stopped me solely because of the color of my skin and my appearance,” he said in court filings.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>A hearing on the case is set for April 28 in the U.S. District Court in the Eastern District of California in Fresno.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>This article was \u003ca href=\"https://calmatters.org/justice/2025/04/border-patrol-to-retrain-hundreds-of-california-agents-on-how-to-comply-with-the-constitution/\">originally published on CalMatters\u003c/a> and was republished under the \u003ca href=\"https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/\">Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives\u003c/a> license.\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>",
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"content": "\u003cp>With only a few days left before \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/news/11909786/how-to-find-free-tax-help-near-you-and-prepare-everything-you-need-for-your-appointment\">Tuesday’s filing deadline\u003c/a>, the Internal Revenue Service made a major change in how President Donald Trump’s administration can use the tax records of certain undocumented immigrants.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>On April 7, Secretary of the Treasury Scott Bessent signed \u003ca href=\"https://embed.documentcloud.org/documents/25889274-mou-0408/\">a memorandum of understanding\u003c/a> with the Department of Homeland Security, on behalf of the IRS, allowing for the agency to share personal tax information of undocumented immigrants who are “under criminal investigation.” This is the first time the IRS has entered into this kind of agreement as part of an immigration enforcement mandate.\u003c/p>\n\u003cul>\n\u003cli>\u003cstrong>\u003ca href=\"#A\">Jump straight to: What are lawyers and advocates advising people who haven’t filed their taxes yet to do?\u003c/a>\u003c/strong>\u003c/li>\n\u003c/ul>\n\u003cp>The \u003ca href=\"https://embed.documentcloud.org/documents/25889274-mou-0408/\">15-page document\u003c/a> — still partially redacted — lays out the details of this agreement between the IRS and U.S. Immigration and Customs Enforcement, the primary federal agency tasked with carrying out deportations. According to the document, ICE can now request the information of noncitizens that the immigration agency is \u003ca href=\"https://uscode.house.gov/view.xhtml?req=granuleid:USC-prelim-title8-section1253&num=0&edition=prelim\">investigating for specific federal crimes\u003c/a>, including staying in the country after receiving a final order of removal.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>For months, different media outlets \u003ca href=\"https://www.washingtonpost.com/immigration/2025/02/10/irs-immigration-ice-raids/\">had reported that Trump administration officials were in talks with the IRS\u003c/a> to access the tax data of undocumented immigrants, but it was unclear what exactly was on the table. Now that the agreement is widely available, immigrant advocacy groups \u003ca href=\"https://www.ilrc.org/immigrant-legal-resource-center-denounces-irs-agreement-cooperate-ice-sharing-sensitive-data\">are criticizing the IRS for accepting these terms\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“This represents a broken promise to immigrants across the country who have relied on \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/news/12030564/who-can-see-my-tax-information-when-i-file\">the representation of the IRS that their information will not be shared with immigration enforcement\u003c/a>,” said Josh Rosenthal, who leads the workers’ rights program at the Asian Law Caucus in San Francisco.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>KQED \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/news/12030564/who-can-see-my-tax-information-when-i-file\">previously reported\u003c/a> that Bay Area community tax clinics have consistently heard concerns this year from families worried that the IRS would share their tax information with other government agencies.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Attempting to transform the tax system into an immigration enforcement tool is not just illegal and immoral, it’s also destructive economic policy,” said Kelly Batson, chief community impact officer for \u003ca href=\"https://uwba.org/what-we-do/free-tax-help/\">United Way Bay Area\u003c/a>, which works with free tax sites all over the region.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Attacks on immigrant communities push vulnerable families further into the shadows and deeper into poverty,” she said, adding that she is “beyond dismayed.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>KQED spoke to legal experts familiar with the IRS document to better understand who it impacts — and what this could mean for the tax data privacy of undocumented immigrants and the overall U.S. population.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_12035741\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 1024px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-full wp-image-12035741\" src=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2025/04/GettyImages-2209419978.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"1024\" height=\"683\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2025/04/GettyImages-2209419978.jpg 1024w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2025/04/GettyImages-2209419978-800x534.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2025/04/GettyImages-2209419978-1020x680.jpg 1020w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2025/04/GettyImages-2209419978-160x107.jpg 160w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 1024px) 100vw, 1024px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">U.S. Treasury Secretary Scott Bessent looks on as U.S. President Donald Trump signs executive orders in the Oval Office of the White House on April 9, 2025, in Washington, D.C. \u003ccite>(Anna Moneymaker/Getty Images)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003ch2>\u003cstrong>What is the objective of the IRS-ICE agreement?\u003c/strong>\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>The \u003ca href=\"https://embed.documentcloud.org/documents/25889274-mou-0408/\">agreement\u003c/a> states that the Department of Homeland Security “has identified numerous aliens illegally present in the United States” who have received a final order of removal.” These individuals, DHS claims, are “under criminal investigation” for violating federal law.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The law in question is \u003ca href=\"https://uscode.house.gov/view.xhtml?req=granuleid:USC-prelim-title8-section1253&num=0&edition=prelim\">a section in the U.S. Code\u003c/a> that establishes that noncitizens could be in violation of the law if they do not leave the U.S. within 90 days of receiving a final order of removal. The IRS-ICE memorandum of understanding also agrees that the federal government can request data if a person is in violation of “another specifically designated Federal criminal statute.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[aside postID=news_11909786 hero='https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2022/04/pexels-sora-shimazaki-5668869.jpg']\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Does the agreement include every undocumented immigrant in the country? At the moment, according to Rosenthal, the document only allows the IRS and ICE to share data “in the limited circumstance of investigating a federal crime.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“It is not a crime in itself to be undocumented,” Rosenthal said. “That’s a civil violation, and that is not a valid reason for the IRS to share information.” Instead, he explained that the federal crime the Trump administration identified is “staying in the country past a final order of removal.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>According to data from the \u003ca href=\"https://tracreports.org/phptools/immigration/closure/\">Transactional Records Access Clearinghouse\u003c/a>, a research organization that makes government data available, federal immigration judges \u003ca href=\"https://tracreports.org/phptools/immigration/closure/\">issued 162,514 removal orders in the first two months of this year\u003c/a>. By contrast, around \u003ca href=\"https://www.pewresearch.org/short-reads/2024/07/22/what-we-know-about-unauthorized-immigrants-living-in-the-us/\">11 million undocumented people live in the U.S.\u003c/a>, according to 2022 data from the Pew Research Center.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Immigration law experts \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/news/12014436/undocumented-what-to-know-before-a-second-trump-term\">have previously told KQED\u003c/a> that just because someone is in the U.S. without proper documentation, this does not necessarily mean they have a removal order against them. If you are currently in an active removal proceeding, you should have previously received a letter from the Executive Office of Immigration Review, which manages federal immigration courts.\u003c/p>\n\u003ch2>\u003cstrong>Why does the IRS have the personal information of undocumented immigrants in the first place?\u003c/strong>\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>Individuals without a legal immigration status can pay taxes thanks to an \u003ca href=\"https://www.irs.gov/tin/itin/individual-taxpayer-identification-number-itin\">individual taxpayer identification number\u003c/a> (ITIN) granted by the IRS.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>According to a 2024 report by the Institute on Taxation and Economic Policy, undocumented immigrants \u003ca href=\"https://itep.org/undocumented-immigrants-taxes-2024/\">paid $96.7 billion in federal, state and local taxes in 2022\u003c/a>.[aside postID=news_12030564 hero='https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2025/03/taxes041511_qed-1020x682.jpg']The IRS started issuing ITINs in 1996 in order to improve tax collection among people without a Social Security number. Many people who use an ITIN to file are undocumented, although other groups — including the spouses of workers legally authorized to work in the U.S. and international students — use an ITIN as well.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Federal law blocks undocumented immigrants from receiving Medicare or Social Security retirement benefits — despite this group contributing massively to these programs — but many still do so in order to potentially \u003ca href=\"https://www.npr.org/2017/04/17/523634144/tax-filings-seen-dipping-amid-trump-crackdown-on-illegal-immigration\">improve their chances of obtaining legal immigration status\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Requesting an ITIN from the IRS \u003ca href=\"https://www.irs.gov/tin/itin/how-to-apply-for-an-itin\">can be a complicated process\u003c/a> that requires applicants to send their foreign passports, along with other personal information, to the tax agency. And for decades, millions of undocumented immigrants \u003ca href=\"https://itep.org/undocumented-immigrants-taxes-2024/\">shared their personal information with the IRS\u003c/a> under the assumption that only the agency would have access to this data.\u003c/p>\n\u003ch2>\u003cstrong>Is the IRS-ICE agreement legal?\u003c/strong>\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>In a statement to NPR, the Treasury Department, which oversees the IRS, \u003ca href=\"https://www.npr.org/2025/04/08/g-s1-59056/irs-dhs-information-sharing-deal-immigrants-tax-records\">insisted that the agreement with ICE\u003c/a> is based on “longstanding authorities granted by Congress, which serve to protect the privacy of law-abiding Americans while streamlining the ability to pursue criminals.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But legal experts KQED spoke to were critical of the government’s argument.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The agreement “doesn’t seem to truly meet the requirements of the law,” said Rosenthal from Asian Law Caucus. He points to the \u003ca href=\"https://www.law.cornell.edu/uscode/text/26/6103\">Internal Revenue Code (IRC)\u003c/a>, a set of laws established by Congress that the IRS must follow, including a section on how the agency must handle personal taxpayer data.[aside postID=news_12014436 hero='https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/11/GettyImages-1217922027_edited-1020x678.png']The IRC “imposed pretty stark requirements for information to be shared and even how that information can be used once it is shared,” Rosenthal said. Both \u003ca href=\"https://www.cbsnews.com/news/internal-revenue-service-immigrant-tax-data-ice/\">the IRS commissioner and the agency’s chief privacy officer have resigned\u003c/a> since news of the ICE deal emerged, which Rosenthal sees as “indications of just how radical this move is.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Weeks before the IRS and ICE reached an agreement, immigrant advocacy groups in the Chicago area \u003ca href=\"https://www.citizen.org/wp-content/uploads/1-Complaint-10.pdf\">sued the Trump administration in order to prevent this type of data-sharing\u003c/a>. “We think that this is illegal and unlawful,” said Michael Kirkpatrick, an attorney with Public Citizen Litigation Group, the legal aid organization that represents the plaintiffs in the lawsuit.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“If the IRS was just going to do what they’ve always done, which is share information on a very individualized case-by-case basis, they wouldn’t need this new memorandum of understanding,” he said, adding that his team has already heard from tax clinics that fewer people are filing taxes with an ITIN this year.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“The government is not going to get the benefit of that revenue, including the revenue that goes to Social Security and Medicare,” Rosenthal said. “The repercussions are going to be felt not just in the immigrant community, but by all of us.”\u003c/p>\n\u003ch2>\u003cstrong>\u003ca id=\"A\">\u003c/a>What are lawyers and advocates advising people who haven’t filed their taxes yet to do?\u003c/strong>\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>Since several sections of the memorandum of understanding are redacted, there are still parts of the IRS-ICE agreement that remain unclear. For example, advocates remain unsure of how far back ICE would be able to request existing tax records for undocumented immigrants since the part of the agreement that relates to this “taxable period or periods” contains a redaction.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>United Way Bay Area, for its part, has issued a stark message of caution: “Given the current and evolving circumstances, including the potential risks involved, consider your own situation before proceeding with an ITIN application or tax filing,” Batson said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Dozens of senators, including Alex Padilla of California, \u003ca href=\"https://www.taxnotes.com/research/federal/legislative-documents/congressional-tax-correspondence/senators-seek-investigation-ice-access-taxpayer-info/7rys7\">have requested a federal investigation into the IRS-ICE agreement\u003c/a>. “Voluntary tax compliance depends on taxpayers having faith that their confidential information will not be used for anything other than tax administration,” reads \u003ca href=\"https://www.taxnotes.com/research/federal/legislative-documents/congressional-tax-correspondence/senators-seek-investigation-ice-access-taxpayer-info/7rys7\">the letter from lawmakers to the Inspector General’s Office\u003c/a>, which conducts independent investigations of government operations.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Rosenthal said that anyone concerned about how the agreement could affect them should continue to monitor how this action from Congress progresses, \u003ca href=\"https://www.citizen.org/news/groups-sue-to-stop-irs-from-disclosing-personal-tax-data-in-service-of-trumps-mass-deportation-plan/\">along with the multiple lawsuits against the IRS over the deal\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In the short term, one option that is available to individuals who haven’t filed yet is to file an extension by Tuesday, if “they’re trying to decide what to do,” he said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Bear in mind that if you owe money this year to the IRS, you will still have to pay a certain amount \u003ca href=\"https://www.irs.gov/filing/get-an-extension-to-file-your-tax-return\">when requesting an extension\u003c/a>, which usually gives filers an additional six months. Nonetheless, “that’s an option that’s available to folks who just want to see how this concerning situation plays out,” Rosenthal said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Amid this uncertainty, if you are still anxious that filing taxes may complicate your immigration situation, the tax experts KQED spoke to recommend that you reach out to a legal services organization or a lawyer with whom you can discuss your situation and make a decision that is best for you and your family.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Read \u003ca href=\"https://cdn.craft.cloud/5cd1c590-65ba-4ad2-a52c-b55e67f8f04b/assets/media/Programs/Workers-Rights/Filing-Taxes-with-an-ITIN.pdf\">\u003cstrong>more information from the Asian Law Caucus for individuals filing their taxes with an ITIN.\u003c/strong>\u003c/a>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>This story includes reporting from NPR.\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad floatright]\u003c/p>\n",
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"title": "What We Now Know About the IRS-ICE Tax Data Deal | KQED",
"description": "With only a few days left before Tuesday’s filing deadline, the Internal Revenue Service made a major change in how President Donald Trump’s administration can use the tax records of certain undocumented immigrants. On April 7, Secretary of the Treasury Scott Bessent signed a memorandum of understanding with the Department of Homeland Security, on behalf of the IRS, allowing for the agency to share personal tax information of undocumented immigrants who are “under criminal investigation.” This is the first time the IRS has entered into this kind of agreement as part of an immigration enforcement mandate. Jump straight to: What",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>With only a few days left before \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/news/11909786/how-to-find-free-tax-help-near-you-and-prepare-everything-you-need-for-your-appointment\">Tuesday’s filing deadline\u003c/a>, the Internal Revenue Service made a major change in how President Donald Trump’s administration can use the tax records of certain undocumented immigrants.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>On April 7, Secretary of the Treasury Scott Bessent signed \u003ca href=\"https://embed.documentcloud.org/documents/25889274-mou-0408/\">a memorandum of understanding\u003c/a> with the Department of Homeland Security, on behalf of the IRS, allowing for the agency to share personal tax information of undocumented immigrants who are “under criminal investigation.” This is the first time the IRS has entered into this kind of agreement as part of an immigration enforcement mandate.\u003c/p>\n\u003cul>\n\u003cli>\u003cstrong>\u003ca href=\"#A\">Jump straight to: What are lawyers and advocates advising people who haven’t filed their taxes yet to do?\u003c/a>\u003c/strong>\u003c/li>\n\u003c/ul>\n\u003cp>The \u003ca href=\"https://embed.documentcloud.org/documents/25889274-mou-0408/\">15-page document\u003c/a> — still partially redacted — lays out the details of this agreement between the IRS and U.S. Immigration and Customs Enforcement, the primary federal agency tasked with carrying out deportations. According to the document, ICE can now request the information of noncitizens that the immigration agency is \u003ca href=\"https://uscode.house.gov/view.xhtml?req=granuleid:USC-prelim-title8-section1253&num=0&edition=prelim\">investigating for specific federal crimes\u003c/a>, including staying in the country after receiving a final order of removal.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>For months, different media outlets \u003ca href=\"https://www.washingtonpost.com/immigration/2025/02/10/irs-immigration-ice-raids/\">had reported that Trump administration officials were in talks with the IRS\u003c/a> to access the tax data of undocumented immigrants, but it was unclear what exactly was on the table. Now that the agreement is widely available, immigrant advocacy groups \u003ca href=\"https://www.ilrc.org/immigrant-legal-resource-center-denounces-irs-agreement-cooperate-ice-sharing-sensitive-data\">are criticizing the IRS for accepting these terms\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“This represents a broken promise to immigrants across the country who have relied on \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/news/12030564/who-can-see-my-tax-information-when-i-file\">the representation of the IRS that their information will not be shared with immigration enforcement\u003c/a>,” said Josh Rosenthal, who leads the workers’ rights program at the Asian Law Caucus in San Francisco.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>KQED \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/news/12030564/who-can-see-my-tax-information-when-i-file\">previously reported\u003c/a> that Bay Area community tax clinics have consistently heard concerns this year from families worried that the IRS would share their tax information with other government agencies.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Attempting to transform the tax system into an immigration enforcement tool is not just illegal and immoral, it’s also destructive economic policy,” said Kelly Batson, chief community impact officer for \u003ca href=\"https://uwba.org/what-we-do/free-tax-help/\">United Way Bay Area\u003c/a>, which works with free tax sites all over the region.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Attacks on immigrant communities push vulnerable families further into the shadows and deeper into poverty,” she said, adding that she is “beyond dismayed.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>KQED spoke to legal experts familiar with the IRS document to better understand who it impacts — and what this could mean for the tax data privacy of undocumented immigrants and the overall U.S. population.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_12035741\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 1024px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-full wp-image-12035741\" src=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2025/04/GettyImages-2209419978.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"1024\" height=\"683\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2025/04/GettyImages-2209419978.jpg 1024w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2025/04/GettyImages-2209419978-800x534.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2025/04/GettyImages-2209419978-1020x680.jpg 1020w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2025/04/GettyImages-2209419978-160x107.jpg 160w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 1024px) 100vw, 1024px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">U.S. Treasury Secretary Scott Bessent looks on as U.S. President Donald Trump signs executive orders in the Oval Office of the White House on April 9, 2025, in Washington, D.C. \u003ccite>(Anna Moneymaker/Getty Images)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003ch2>\u003cstrong>What is the objective of the IRS-ICE agreement?\u003c/strong>\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>The \u003ca href=\"https://embed.documentcloud.org/documents/25889274-mou-0408/\">agreement\u003c/a> states that the Department of Homeland Security “has identified numerous aliens illegally present in the United States” who have received a final order of removal.” These individuals, DHS claims, are “under criminal investigation” for violating federal law.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The law in question is \u003ca href=\"https://uscode.house.gov/view.xhtml?req=granuleid:USC-prelim-title8-section1253&num=0&edition=prelim\">a section in the U.S. Code\u003c/a> that establishes that noncitizens could be in violation of the law if they do not leave the U.S. within 90 days of receiving a final order of removal. The IRS-ICE memorandum of understanding also agrees that the federal government can request data if a person is in violation of “another specifically designated Federal criminal statute.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Does the agreement include every undocumented immigrant in the country? At the moment, according to Rosenthal, the document only allows the IRS and ICE to share data “in the limited circumstance of investigating a federal crime.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“It is not a crime in itself to be undocumented,” Rosenthal said. “That’s a civil violation, and that is not a valid reason for the IRS to share information.” Instead, he explained that the federal crime the Trump administration identified is “staying in the country past a final order of removal.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>According to data from the \u003ca href=\"https://tracreports.org/phptools/immigration/closure/\">Transactional Records Access Clearinghouse\u003c/a>, a research organization that makes government data available, federal immigration judges \u003ca href=\"https://tracreports.org/phptools/immigration/closure/\">issued 162,514 removal orders in the first two months of this year\u003c/a>. By contrast, around \u003ca href=\"https://www.pewresearch.org/short-reads/2024/07/22/what-we-know-about-unauthorized-immigrants-living-in-the-us/\">11 million undocumented people live in the U.S.\u003c/a>, according to 2022 data from the Pew Research Center.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Immigration law experts \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/news/12014436/undocumented-what-to-know-before-a-second-trump-term\">have previously told KQED\u003c/a> that just because someone is in the U.S. without proper documentation, this does not necessarily mean they have a removal order against them. If you are currently in an active removal proceeding, you should have previously received a letter from the Executive Office of Immigration Review, which manages federal immigration courts.\u003c/p>\n\u003ch2>\u003cstrong>Why does the IRS have the personal information of undocumented immigrants in the first place?\u003c/strong>\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>Individuals without a legal immigration status can pay taxes thanks to an \u003ca href=\"https://www.irs.gov/tin/itin/individual-taxpayer-identification-number-itin\">individual taxpayer identification number\u003c/a> (ITIN) granted by the IRS.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>According to a 2024 report by the Institute on Taxation and Economic Policy, undocumented immigrants \u003ca href=\"https://itep.org/undocumented-immigrants-taxes-2024/\">paid $96.7 billion in federal, state and local taxes in 2022\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>The IRS started issuing ITINs in 1996 in order to improve tax collection among people without a Social Security number. Many people who use an ITIN to file are undocumented, although other groups — including the spouses of workers legally authorized to work in the U.S. and international students — use an ITIN as well.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Federal law blocks undocumented immigrants from receiving Medicare or Social Security retirement benefits — despite this group contributing massively to these programs — but many still do so in order to potentially \u003ca href=\"https://www.npr.org/2017/04/17/523634144/tax-filings-seen-dipping-amid-trump-crackdown-on-illegal-immigration\">improve their chances of obtaining legal immigration status\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Requesting an ITIN from the IRS \u003ca href=\"https://www.irs.gov/tin/itin/how-to-apply-for-an-itin\">can be a complicated process\u003c/a> that requires applicants to send their foreign passports, along with other personal information, to the tax agency. And for decades, millions of undocumented immigrants \u003ca href=\"https://itep.org/undocumented-immigrants-taxes-2024/\">shared their personal information with the IRS\u003c/a> under the assumption that only the agency would have access to this data.\u003c/p>\n\u003ch2>\u003cstrong>Is the IRS-ICE agreement legal?\u003c/strong>\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>In a statement to NPR, the Treasury Department, which oversees the IRS, \u003ca href=\"https://www.npr.org/2025/04/08/g-s1-59056/irs-dhs-information-sharing-deal-immigrants-tax-records\">insisted that the agreement with ICE\u003c/a> is based on “longstanding authorities granted by Congress, which serve to protect the privacy of law-abiding Americans while streamlining the ability to pursue criminals.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But legal experts KQED spoke to were critical of the government’s argument.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The agreement “doesn’t seem to truly meet the requirements of the law,” said Rosenthal from Asian Law Caucus. He points to the \u003ca href=\"https://www.law.cornell.edu/uscode/text/26/6103\">Internal Revenue Code (IRC)\u003c/a>, a set of laws established by Congress that the IRS must follow, including a section on how the agency must handle personal taxpayer data.\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>The IRC “imposed pretty stark requirements for information to be shared and even how that information can be used once it is shared,” Rosenthal said. Both \u003ca href=\"https://www.cbsnews.com/news/internal-revenue-service-immigrant-tax-data-ice/\">the IRS commissioner and the agency’s chief privacy officer have resigned\u003c/a> since news of the ICE deal emerged, which Rosenthal sees as “indications of just how radical this move is.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Weeks before the IRS and ICE reached an agreement, immigrant advocacy groups in the Chicago area \u003ca href=\"https://www.citizen.org/wp-content/uploads/1-Complaint-10.pdf\">sued the Trump administration in order to prevent this type of data-sharing\u003c/a>. “We think that this is illegal and unlawful,” said Michael Kirkpatrick, an attorney with Public Citizen Litigation Group, the legal aid organization that represents the plaintiffs in the lawsuit.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“If the IRS was just going to do what they’ve always done, which is share information on a very individualized case-by-case basis, they wouldn’t need this new memorandum of understanding,” he said, adding that his team has already heard from tax clinics that fewer people are filing taxes with an ITIN this year.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“The government is not going to get the benefit of that revenue, including the revenue that goes to Social Security and Medicare,” Rosenthal said. “The repercussions are going to be felt not just in the immigrant community, but by all of us.”\u003c/p>\n\u003ch2>\u003cstrong>\u003ca id=\"A\">\u003c/a>What are lawyers and advocates advising people who haven’t filed their taxes yet to do?\u003c/strong>\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>Since several sections of the memorandum of understanding are redacted, there are still parts of the IRS-ICE agreement that remain unclear. For example, advocates remain unsure of how far back ICE would be able to request existing tax records for undocumented immigrants since the part of the agreement that relates to this “taxable period or periods” contains a redaction.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>United Way Bay Area, for its part, has issued a stark message of caution: “Given the current and evolving circumstances, including the potential risks involved, consider your own situation before proceeding with an ITIN application or tax filing,” Batson said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Dozens of senators, including Alex Padilla of California, \u003ca href=\"https://www.taxnotes.com/research/federal/legislative-documents/congressional-tax-correspondence/senators-seek-investigation-ice-access-taxpayer-info/7rys7\">have requested a federal investigation into the IRS-ICE agreement\u003c/a>. “Voluntary tax compliance depends on taxpayers having faith that their confidential information will not be used for anything other than tax administration,” reads \u003ca href=\"https://www.taxnotes.com/research/federal/legislative-documents/congressional-tax-correspondence/senators-seek-investigation-ice-access-taxpayer-info/7rys7\">the letter from lawmakers to the Inspector General’s Office\u003c/a>, which conducts independent investigations of government operations.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Rosenthal said that anyone concerned about how the agreement could affect them should continue to monitor how this action from Congress progresses, \u003ca href=\"https://www.citizen.org/news/groups-sue-to-stop-irs-from-disclosing-personal-tax-data-in-service-of-trumps-mass-deportation-plan/\">along with the multiple lawsuits against the IRS over the deal\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In the short term, one option that is available to individuals who haven’t filed yet is to file an extension by Tuesday, if “they’re trying to decide what to do,” he said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Bear in mind that if you owe money this year to the IRS, you will still have to pay a certain amount \u003ca href=\"https://www.irs.gov/filing/get-an-extension-to-file-your-tax-return\">when requesting an extension\u003c/a>, which usually gives filers an additional six months. Nonetheless, “that’s an option that’s available to folks who just want to see how this concerning situation plays out,” Rosenthal said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Amid this uncertainty, if you are still anxious that filing taxes may complicate your immigration situation, the tax experts KQED spoke to recommend that you reach out to a legal services organization or a lawyer with whom you can discuss your situation and make a decision that is best for you and your family.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Read \u003ca href=\"https://cdn.craft.cloud/5cd1c590-65ba-4ad2-a52c-b55e67f8f04b/assets/media/Programs/Workers-Rights/Filing-Taxes-with-an-ITIN.pdf\">\u003cstrong>more information from the Asian Law Caucus for individuals filing their taxes with an ITIN.\u003c/strong>\u003c/a>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>This story includes reporting from NPR.\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cp>A Louisiana immigration judge ruled Friday that activist Mahmoud Khalil can be deported.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Khalil, who as a Columbia University graduate student led pro-Palestinian protests there last year, was detained last month after Secretary of State Marco Rubio said he had determined that Khalil’s activism was antisemitic and that allowing him to remain in the country would undermine a U.S. foreign policy goal of combatting antisemitism around the world.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>During a hearing at the remote Louisiana detention center where Khalil is being held, Judge Jamee Comans said she had no authority to question Rubio’s determination.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>After the ruling, Khalil told the judge, “I would like to quote what you said last time that there’s nothing that’s more important to this court than due process rights and fundamental fairness. Clearly what we witnessed today, neither of these principles were present today or in this whole process.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“This is exactly why the Trump administration has sent me to this court, 1,000 miles away from my family,” he added. “I just hope that the urgency that you deemed fit for me are afforded to the hundreds of others who have been here without hearing for months.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Khalil will not immediately be deported. His attorneys have said that if he were ordered deported, they would appeal the judge’s ruling. Comans gave Khalil until April 23 to request a stay of his deportation if his attorneys believe he qualifies for one. And the judge said if they don’t meet that deadline, she will order him deported either to Syria, where he was born, or to Algeria, where he is a citizen.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“If Mahmoud can be targeted in this way, simply for speaking out for Palestinians and exercising his constitutionally protected right to free speech, this can happen to anyone over any issue the Trump administration dislikes,” said Marc van Der Hout, one of Khalil’s attorneys.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_12035718\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 1600px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-full wp-image-12035718\" src=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2025/04/npr.brightspotcdn-1-copy-6.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"1600\" height=\"1067\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2025/04/npr.brightspotcdn-1-copy-6.jpg 1600w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2025/04/npr.brightspotcdn-1-copy-6-800x534.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2025/04/npr.brightspotcdn-1-copy-6-1020x680.jpg 1020w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2025/04/npr.brightspotcdn-1-copy-6-160x107.jpg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2025/04/npr.brightspotcdn-1-copy-6-1536x1024.jpg 1536w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 1600px) 100vw, 1600px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">An aerial view of the Central Louisiana ICE Processing Facility in Jena, La., Tuesday, April 8, 2025. \u003ccite>(Gerald Herbert/AP Photo)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Khalil, who has a green card, is a lawful permanent resident. In ordering Khalil’s deportation, Rubio relied on a rarely used federal statute from the 1950s that played a major role in shaping American immigration during the Cold War. The McCarran-Walter Act, or the Immigration Nationality Act of 1952, gives the secretary of state authority to decide that a noncitizen’s presence in the United States threatens the country’s foreign policy goals.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Khalil, 30, was arrested March 8 at the university-owned apartment building in New York City where he lives with his wife, a U.S. citizen who is pregnant. He was transported to the Jena/LaSalle Detention Facility in Jena, La., where he has been held since.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>While Friday’s hearing took place in immigration court, a separate case is playing out in federal court in New Jersey over whether Khalil should have been arrested and detained.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n",
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"excerpt": "Khalil was detained last month after Secretary of State Marco Rubio said he had determined that Khalil's activism was antisemitic and that allowing him to remain in the country would undermine a US foreign policy goal of combatting antisemitism around the world.\r\n\r\n",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>After the ruling, Khalil told the judge, “I would like to quote what you said last time that there’s nothing that’s more important to this court than due process rights and fundamental fairness. Clearly what we witnessed today, neither of these principles were present today or in this whole process.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“This is exactly why the Trump administration has sent me to this court, 1,000 miles away from my family,” he added. “I just hope that the urgency that you deemed fit for me are afforded to the hundreds of others who have been here without hearing for months.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Khalil will not immediately be deported. His attorneys have said that if he were ordered deported, they would appeal the judge’s ruling. Comans gave Khalil until April 23 to request a stay of his deportation if his attorneys believe he qualifies for one. And the judge said if they don’t meet that deadline, she will order him deported either to Syria, where he was born, or to Algeria, where he is a citizen.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“If Mahmoud can be targeted in this way, simply for speaking out for Palestinians and exercising his constitutionally protected right to free speech, this can happen to anyone over any issue the Trump administration dislikes,” said Marc van Der Hout, one of Khalil’s attorneys.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_12035718\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 1600px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-full wp-image-12035718\" src=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2025/04/npr.brightspotcdn-1-copy-6.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"1600\" height=\"1067\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2025/04/npr.brightspotcdn-1-copy-6.jpg 1600w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2025/04/npr.brightspotcdn-1-copy-6-800x534.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2025/04/npr.brightspotcdn-1-copy-6-1020x680.jpg 1020w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2025/04/npr.brightspotcdn-1-copy-6-160x107.jpg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2025/04/npr.brightspotcdn-1-copy-6-1536x1024.jpg 1536w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 1600px) 100vw, 1600px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">An aerial view of the Central Louisiana ICE Processing Facility in Jena, La., Tuesday, April 8, 2025. \u003ccite>(Gerald Herbert/AP Photo)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Khalil, who has a green card, is a lawful permanent resident. In ordering Khalil’s deportation, Rubio relied on a rarely used federal statute from the 1950s that played a major role in shaping American immigration during the Cold War. The McCarran-Walter Act, or the Immigration Nationality Act of 1952, gives the secretary of state authority to decide that a noncitizen’s presence in the United States threatens the country’s foreign policy goals.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Khalil, 30, was arrested March 8 at the university-owned apartment building in New York City where he lives with his wife, a U.S. citizen who is pregnant. He was transported to the Jena/LaSalle Detention Facility in Jena, La., where he has been held since.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>While Friday’s hearing took place in immigration court, a separate case is playing out in federal court in New Jersey over whether Khalil should have been arrested and detained.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>",
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"slug": "trump-administration-lays-out-its-evidence-for-deporting-activist-mahmoud-khalil",
"title": "Trump Administration Lays Out Its Evidence for Deporting Activist Mahmoud Khalil",
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"content": "\u003cp>When pressed for evidence about why activist Mahmoud Khalil was arrested by immigration authorities last month, the Department of Homeland Security shared a two-page letter from Secretary of State Marco Rubio that accuses the Columbia University graduate student of participating in “antisemitic protests and disruptive activities.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>That letter is at the heart of the \u003ca href=\"https://s3.documentcloud.org/documents/25894225/dhs-documents-mahmoud-khalil.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Trump administration’s case (PDF)\u003c/a> against Khalil, according to his attorneys.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The letter, which was undated, was released by Khalil’s legal team on Thursday, the day after the Trump administration submitted it in an immigration court filing. Rubio writes that Khalil’s continued presence in the U.S. would have “potentially serious adverse foreign consequences, and would compromise a compelling U.S. foreign policy interest.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But Khalil’s lawyers say the government has provided no additional evidence to explain the basis for Rubio’s conclusion.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Two pages. That’s it,” said Marc Van Der Hout, one of Khalil’s lawyers. “There is no there there at all.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Lawyers for the Department of Homeland Security released their evidence against Khalil, who is a lawful permanent resident, after \u003ca href=\"https://www.npr.org/2025/04/08/nx-s1-5356477/mahmoud-khalil-immigration-judge-ruling-ice-louisiana\">an immigration judge in Louisiana ordered them to do so\u003c/a> at a hearing on Tuesday.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The Trump administration is trying to deport the 30-year-old, who played a prominent role in campus protests last year. Judge Jamee Comans said she will rule on Friday whether Khalil can be deported, or whether he must be freed. Whichever side loses is likely to appeal to the Board of Immigration Appeals.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Khalil’s case has become a crucial test for how far the Trump administration can go to deport noncitizen protesters. Khalil insists he was expressing support for Palestinians in Gaza, while administration officials accuse him of providing support to Hamas terrorism.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[aside postID=forum_2010101909250 hero='https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/43/2025/03/GettyImages-2205115524-1-1020x574.jpg']\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Khalil’s legal case is proceeding on multiple tracks. While an immigration judge considers the evidence against him, Khalid’s lawyers are also challenging his March 8 detention in federal court in New Jersey.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>After ICE agents arrested Khalil on March 8 and shipped him to Louisiana, Rubio said he had revoked Khalil’s green card.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Rubio relied on a rarely used statute from the Immigration and Nationality Act of 1952 that authorizes the secretary of state to personally order the deportation of people whose presence in the U.S. the secretary believes “would have potentially serious adverse foreign policy consequences for the United States.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But in 1990, after the Cold War ended, lawmakers modified the law to protect “beliefs, statements, or associations” that are “lawful within the United States,” and raised the standard for deportation to cases in which the foreigner’s presence in the U.S. would “compromise a compelling United States foreign policy interest.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Khalil’s lawyers say that Rubio’s letter alone does not meet that high standard.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“His determination, quote unquote, has absolutely nothing to do with foreign policy,” Van Der Hout said during a Zoom meeting with reporters on Thursday. “What does he talk about? He talks about First Amendment activity in the United States, and the effect on people in the United States.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Days after Khalil was arrested and detained, Homeland Security officials charged him with several additional civil violations. They allege he withheld information on his 2024 green card application, including his work history with a United Nations relief agency and his involvement with a pro-Palestinian activist group at Columbia University.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Khalil’s lawyers deny those charges. The government filed additional documents on Wednesday in support of those charges, Van Der Hout said, “but it is zero to do with the foreign policy charge. And there is zero support for the government’s allegations about any misrepresentation.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Free speech advocates argue the administration is violating the U.S. Constitution by targeting immigrants for their activism and their political beliefs. Khalil and several other students and scholars who have been detained have challenged their arrests on constitutional grounds.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n",
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"description": "At the heart of the Trump administration's case against Khalil is a letter from Secretary of State Marco Rubio in which he writes that Khalil's continued presence in the US would have 'potentially serious adverse foreign consequences, and would compromise a compelling U.S. foreign policy interest.'",
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"headline": "Trump Administration Lays Out Its Evidence for Deporting Activist Mahmoud Khalil",
"datePublished": "2025-04-10T16:00:56-07:00",
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"nprByline": "\u003ca href=\"https://www.npr.org/people/159989569/joel-rose\">Joel Rose\u003c/a> and \u003ca href=\"https://www.npr.org/people/427718118/adrian-florido\">Adrian Florido\u003c/a>, NPR",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>When pressed for evidence about why activist Mahmoud Khalil was arrested by immigration authorities last month, the Department of Homeland Security shared a two-page letter from Secretary of State Marco Rubio that accuses the Columbia University graduate student of participating in “antisemitic protests and disruptive activities.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>That letter is at the heart of the \u003ca href=\"https://s3.documentcloud.org/documents/25894225/dhs-documents-mahmoud-khalil.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Trump administration’s case (PDF)\u003c/a> against Khalil, according to his attorneys.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The letter, which was undated, was released by Khalil’s legal team on Thursday, the day after the Trump administration submitted it in an immigration court filing. Rubio writes that Khalil’s continued presence in the U.S. would have “potentially serious adverse foreign consequences, and would compromise a compelling U.S. foreign policy interest.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But Khalil’s lawyers say the government has provided no additional evidence to explain the basis for Rubio’s conclusion.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Two pages. That’s it,” said Marc Van Der Hout, one of Khalil’s lawyers. “There is no there there at all.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Lawyers for the Department of Homeland Security released their evidence against Khalil, who is a lawful permanent resident, after \u003ca href=\"https://www.npr.org/2025/04/08/nx-s1-5356477/mahmoud-khalil-immigration-judge-ruling-ice-louisiana\">an immigration judge in Louisiana ordered them to do so\u003c/a> at a hearing on Tuesday.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The Trump administration is trying to deport the 30-year-old, who played a prominent role in campus protests last year. Judge Jamee Comans said she will rule on Friday whether Khalil can be deported, or whether he must be freed. Whichever side loses is likely to appeal to the Board of Immigration Appeals.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Khalil’s case has become a crucial test for how far the Trump administration can go to deport noncitizen protesters. Khalil insists he was expressing support for Palestinians in Gaza, while administration officials accuse him of providing support to Hamas terrorism.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Khalil’s legal case is proceeding on multiple tracks. While an immigration judge considers the evidence against him, Khalid’s lawyers are also challenging his March 8 detention in federal court in New Jersey.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>After ICE agents arrested Khalil on March 8 and shipped him to Louisiana, Rubio said he had revoked Khalil’s green card.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Rubio relied on a rarely used statute from the Immigration and Nationality Act of 1952 that authorizes the secretary of state to personally order the deportation of people whose presence in the U.S. the secretary believes “would have potentially serious adverse foreign policy consequences for the United States.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But in 1990, after the Cold War ended, lawmakers modified the law to protect “beliefs, statements, or associations” that are “lawful within the United States,” and raised the standard for deportation to cases in which the foreigner’s presence in the U.S. would “compromise a compelling United States foreign policy interest.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Khalil’s lawyers say that Rubio’s letter alone does not meet that high standard.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“His determination, quote unquote, has absolutely nothing to do with foreign policy,” Van Der Hout said during a Zoom meeting with reporters on Thursday. “What does he talk about? He talks about First Amendment activity in the United States, and the effect on people in the United States.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Days after Khalil was arrested and detained, Homeland Security officials charged him with several additional civil violations. They allege he withheld information on his 2024 green card application, including his work history with a United Nations relief agency and his involvement with a pro-Palestinian activist group at Columbia University.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Khalil’s lawyers deny those charges. The government filed additional documents on Wednesday in support of those charges, Van Der Hout said, “but it is zero to do with the foreign policy charge. And there is zero support for the government’s allegations about any misrepresentation.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Free speech advocates argue the administration is violating the U.S. Constitution by targeting immigrants for their activism and their political beliefs. Khalil and several other students and scholars who have been detained have challenged their arrests on constitutional grounds.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>",
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"slug": "what-should-international-students-on-visas-and-green-cards-know-right-now",
"title": "What Should International Students on Visas and Green Cards Know Right Now?",
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"headTitle": "What Should International Students on Visas and Green Cards Know Right Now? | KQED",
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"content": "\u003cp>\u003cem>Updated, 3 p.m. Thursday\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Advocates and attorneys are scrambling to provide guidance for international students at universities across California after the Trump administration \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/news/12034742/california-students-visa-cancellations-sue-trump-administration\">revoked at least 96 student visas\u003c/a> last week, following several high-profile detentions of \u003ca href=\"https://www.cnn.com/2025/03/31/us/what-we-know-college-activists-immigration-hnk/index.html\">college students and staff\u003c/a> by immigration authorities.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>International students are being advised to get familiar with their legal rights, consider canceling any travel outside of the United States and pause their social media activity.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/news/12034703/what-should-international-students-on-visas-and-green-cards-know-right-now\">The federal government’s revocation of visas for students\u003c/a> at schools including Stanford, UC Davis, UC Berkeley, UCLA, UC San Diego and UC Irvine caught universities and students off guard. Some students have \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/news/12034742/california-students-visa-cancellations-sue-trump-administration\">responded by suing the federal government\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“These actions create an uncertain and challenging environment for our campus community,” UC Berkeley Chancellor Richard Lyons said \u003ca href=\"https://news.berkeley.edu/2025/04/07/a-message-about-recent-federal-visa-program-updates/\">in a statement on Monday\u003c/a>. “Your university supports, without reservation, the right and ability of immigrant and international students, staff, and faculty to participate fully in the campus experience.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The Trump administration said last month that since January, officials had revoked \u003ca href=\"https://www.nytimes.com/2025/03/28/us/politics/rubio-immigration-students-ozturk-chung-khalil.html\">around 300 visas\u003c/a>, including those of students, because of their foreign policy views or criminal history. The administration has taken major steps \u003ca href=\"https://www.cnn.com/2025/03/29/us/rumeysa-ozturk-tufts-university-arrest-saturday/index.html\">targeting international students who had engaged in pro-Palestinian protests\u003c/a> and advocacy during the wave of demonstrations that has \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/news/12007970/1-year-later-the-impact-of-oct-7-siege-of-gaza-on-life-in-the-bay-area\">swept college campuses since October 2023\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Several international students \u003ca href=\"https://www.cnn.com/2025/03/31/us/what-we-know-college-activists-immigration-hnk/index.html\">have been detained\u003c/a> recently, with \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/news/12031867/israels-renewed-assault-gaza-draws-hundreds-streets-san-francisco\">Mahmoud Khalil\u003c/a>’s detention being one of the most high-profile cases. Khalil, a green card holder and pro-Palestinian organizer at Columbia University, was arrested by federal authorities and moved to an immigration detention center in Louisiana.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In some cases, the federal government claimed that the international students were taking part in “activities that are counter to our national interest, to our foreign policy.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“We gave you a visa to come and study and get a degree, not to become a social activist that tears up our university campuses,” Secretary of State Marco Rubio \u003ca href=\"https://www.cbsnews.com/news/student-protesters-visas-green-cards-trump-ice-detentions-free-speech/\">said at a news conference in Guyana\u003c/a>, CBS reported. “And if we’ve given you a visa, and then you decide to do that, we’re going to take it away.”\u003c/p>\n\u003ch2>\u003cstrong>A chilling effect\u003c/strong>\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>As legal teams have moved \u003ca href=\"https://www.aclu.org/news/free-speech/a-letter-from-palestinian-activist-mahmoud-khalil\">to support students\u003c/a>, pro-Palestinian advocacy groups say that the administration was “chilling speech” and curbing protest against the United States’ support of Israel \u003ca href=\"https://www.jewishvoiceforpeace.org/resource/zionism/\">by conflating criticism of Israel with antisemitism\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[aside postID=news_12024332 hero='https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2025/01/GettyImages-2192874110-1020x680.png']\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“It’s becoming a very insecure and strange time for this republic,” said Ramsey Judah, a lawyer with the Council on American-Islamic Relations (CAIR) in Los Angeles, who said that the chilling effect on speech was not confined to students or green card and visa holders.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“We’re seeing it across the board because people now are scared to speak up, not just on Palestine,” he said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In \u003ca href=\"https://jcrc.org/blog/jcrc-statement-on-detentions-of-campus-protesters/\">a statement\u003c/a>, the Jewish Community Relations Council in the Bay Area said that despite disagreeing with the rhetoric of the campus protests, the group believes that it’s “incumbent upon law enforcement agencies to provide these protesters with transparency around their alleged violations and proper notice before commencing deportation proceedings.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>So, if you’re an international student on a green card or a visa, what should you know about this moment?\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>KQED spoke to Judah and other experts with advocacy groups about the guidance they provide to students, staff and faculty — particularly to students who have been active during pro-Palestinian protests over the past year and a half. Please bear in mind that this is not legal advice and advocates emphasize that students should consult with an immigration attorney about their individual situation. \u003cstrong>\u003ca href=\"#A\">(Jump straight to: Where can international students find legal advice?)\u003c/a>\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003ch2>\u003cstrong>Should international students be traveling right now? \u003c/strong>\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>Many schools are advising students, faculty and staff on \u003ca href=\"https://www.usatoday.com/story/travel/news/2025/03/19/international-students-travel-trump/82527462007/\">visas or green cards\u003c/a> to reconsider international travel amid the looming uncertainty of an \u003ca href=\"https://www.usatoday.com/story/news/world/2025/03/31/trump-travel-ban-visa-restrictions-delayed/82744274007/\">anticipated travel ban\u003c/a> that could target visitors from countries like Venezuela, Haiti and Pakistan.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>UC Berkeley’s International Office \u003ca href=\"https://internationaloffice.berkeley.edu/home\">issued an advisory\u003c/a> stating that it “does not currently recommend” that international students “engage [in] international travel for personal or professional reasons” and that “current U.S. immigration policy is unpredictable and subject to rapid change.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>While acknowledging that “there have been no specific updates with respect to travel,” \u003ca href=\"https://internationaloffice.berkeley.edu/immigration/immigration-policy-changes-faq\">UC Berkeley told international students\u003c/a> that it was “possible that international travel could include additional risks including delays in visa appointments and processing times, increased likelihood of visa denials, and heightened screening upon reentry to the U.S.”[aside postID=news_12026817 hero='https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2025/02/GettyImages-2197914000-1020x680.jpg']“We actually are telling everybody not to travel, especially if you are a student, because they’ve been denying people’s entry,” Judah said. He specifically referenced \u003ca href=\"https://www.theguardian.com/us-news/2025/mar/19/canadian-detained-us-immigration-jasmine-mooney\">the case of a Canadian woman\u003c/a> who was detained for two weeks after attempting to process a U.S. work visa at the San Diego border.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>And while American citizens cannot be \u003ca href=\"https://www.aclunc.org/our-work/know-your-rights/know-your-rights-us-airports-and-ports-entry\">denied reentry\u003c/a> into the U.S., Judah said that even they may need to reconsider visiting a country that appeared on \u003ca href=\"https://www.nytimes.com/2025/03/14/us/politics/trump-travel-ban.html\">the draft travel ban list\u003c/a> since it could “open you up to interrogations when you get back.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Judah said CAIR has been preparing visa and green card holders on what they can potentially expect when they reenter the country, including having their laptops and cellphones unlocked and searched.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>At the border or an airport, an officer needs “some sort of reasonable suspicion to look through your phone,” said Judah, but “reasonable suspicion is completely subjective. It really comes down to who the officer is.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>UC Berkeley is \u003ca href=\"https://internationaloffice.berkeley.edu/immigration/immigration-policy-changes-faq\">asking international students\u003c/a> to consider “leaving personal laptops and phones behind” if they do travel outside of the country, and if traveling with them, to “set all apps and social media accounts to private.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>NPR has \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/news/12033720/what-green-card-and-visa-holders-should-know-before-traveling-abroad\">an article diving deeper\u003c/a> on what visa and green card holders should know before traveling abroad. According to NPR, some immigration attorneys have been \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/news/12033720/what-green-card-and-visa-holders-should-know-before-traveling-abroad\">warning some green card holders to avoid leaving the country if they have a criminal record\u003c/a>, no matter how minor.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>San Francisco-based attorney Ghassan Shamieh said that as of Wednesday, he was not aware of any reports of domestic flights being impacted by this new climate, but warned that “things can change at a moment’s notice.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Shamieh, who has been consulting with students affected by the recent visa revocations, said students should be “monitoring trustworthy news sources,” and that “staying in touch with a trusted immigration attorney is going to be key for any student regardless of where they want to travel, how they want to travel or what they want to do.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_12035376\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 2000px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-full wp-image-12035376\" src=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2025/04/2845795_qed.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"2000\" height=\"969\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2025/04/2845795_qed.jpg 2000w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2025/04/2845795_qed-800x388.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2025/04/2845795_qed-1020x494.jpg 1020w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2025/04/2845795_qed-160x78.jpg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2025/04/2845795_qed-1536x744.jpg 1536w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2025/04/2845795_qed-1920x930.jpg 1920w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 2000px) 100vw, 2000px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">A U.S. Customs and Border Protection agent stands watch as a crowd of overseas visitors to the U.S. wait in line to pass through Customs on Jan. 5, 2004, at JFK airport in New York City. \u003ccite>(Stephen Chernin/Getty Images)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003ch2>\u003cstrong>Do California colleges work with immigration authorities? \u003c/strong>\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>The Trump administration has made broad moves to pressure universities to follow \u003ca href=\"https://apnews.com/article/harvard-investigation-antisemitism-trump-2ee1a2a9df6d09d155dac7a4e39b186c\">federal demands\u003c/a>, including \u003ca href=\"https://www.cnn.com/2025/04/09/us/cornell-northwestern-federal-funding-freeze/index.html\">changes to diversity, equity and inclusion programs\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Earlier this year, the U.S. Department of Justice stated its intent to investigate the University of California over \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/news/12029887/trump-doj-investigate-university-california-over-antisemitism-allegations\">antisemitism allegations\u003c/a>. The UC said \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/news/12029887/trump-doj-investigate-university-california-over-antisemitism-allegations\">in an early March statement\u003c/a> that it “is unwavering in its commitment to combating antisemitism and protecting everyone’s civil rights.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>While \u003ca href=\"https://calmatters.org/justice/2025/02/california-deportations-hit-people-with-deep-roots/\">U.S. Immigration and Customs Enforcement can still operate in California\u003c/a>, state law \u003ca href=\"https://www.aclusocal.org/en/know-your-rights/california-values-act-sb-54\">bars the use of state or local resources\u003c/a> to assist in federal immigration enforcement — except when the person being sought has been “\u003ca href=\"https://www.ilrc.org/sites/default/files/resources/sb54_advisory-gr-20180208.pdf\">convicted of a serious or violent state prison felony\u003c/a>.”[aside postID=news_12025647 hero='https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2025/01/GettyImages-1243312873-1020x680.jpg']This law also means that public schools, including public colleges and universities, cannot assist immigration officers and provide information about a student.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>California universities have been encouraged by state Attorney General Rob Bonta to \u003ca href=\"https://oag.ca.gov/sites/all/files/agweb/pdfs/immigration/higher-education-guidance.pdf\">develop policies\u003c/a> that make campus areas private from search without a warrant, although this does not bar ICE from entering campus. Most schools are also \u003ca href=\"https://oag.ca.gov/sites/all/files/agweb/pdfs/immigration/higher-education-guidance.pdf\">required to let students know\u003c/a> that \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/news/12026817/ice-schools-and-children-what-families-should-know\">immigration authorities are on campus\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In \u003ca href=\"https://oag.ca.gov/news/press-releases/response-increased-threats-california-immigrant-communities-attorney-general\">December\u003c/a>, Bonta rolled out \u003ca href=\"https://oag.ca.gov/sites/all/files/agweb/pdfs/immigration/higher-education-guidance.pdf\">guidance for schools and colleges to adopt\u003c/a> “in responding to immigration issues” and encouraged California residents \u003ca href=\"https://oag.ca.gov/contact/consumer-complaint-against-business-or-company\">to report any suspicions\u003c/a> that a school or its staff are assisting ICE to his office.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Despite California law, \u003ca href=\"https://www.cbsnews.com/boston/news/tufts-student-rumeysa-ozturk-arrested-ice-massachusetts/\">international students are still fearful\u003c/a> that \u003ca href=\"https://uk.news.yahoo.com/trump-asks-supreme-court-let-192827441.html\">immigration agents are ignoring due process. \u003c/a>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>While a \u003ca href=\"https://www.aljazeera.com/news/2025/3/28/what-evidence-does-the-us-government-need-to-deport-green-card-holders\">green card can be revoked after certain serious criminal convictions\u003c/a>, international student and permanent resident Mahmoud Khalil was first detained \u003ca href=\"https://www.npr.org/2025/03/19/1239428600/columbia-mahmoud-khalil-law-arrest-international-students\">without a criminal charge\u003c/a>. The Trump administration said its decision to revoke Khalil’s green card was based on a provision of \u003ca href=\"https://www.aila.org/library/policy-brief-explaining-the-foreign-policy-ground-of-removability\">the Immigration and Nationality Act\u003c/a> related to foreign policy — a justification the American Immigration Lawyers Association called “\u003ca href=\"https://www.aila.org/library/policy-brief-explaining-the-foreign-policy-ground-of-removability\">obscure and constitutionally suspect\u003c/a>.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“[To] see it happen based on free speech with no charges, no crime, no anything — that’s kind of a shock to everybody who works in immigration and even people inside of the government, because this is something that’s really unheard of,” Judah said.\u003c/p>\n\u003ch2>\u003cstrong>What documentation is important for international students right now? \u003c/strong>\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>Attorney Shamieh said international students should immediately get in touch with their college campus’ international students office and make sure that team is checking their immigration status in the \u003ca href=\"https://www.ice.gov/sevis\">Student and Exchange Visitor Information System\u003c/a> (SEVIS) records regularly. Shamieh said some records have been \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/news/12034742/california-students-visa-cancellations-sue-trump-administration\">terminated without warning\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Shamieh also advised that international students should check with an attorney before making any updates to immigration documents, like a visa renewal.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“It’s really risky to travel right now. So if there are opportunities to renew documents while staying here in the United States, I definitely recommend doing that,” Shamieh said. “Always with the caveat of consulting with an immigration attorney, because they’ll best be able to analyze your specific situation and guide you accordingly.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Elif Koc, a student disciplinary legal fellow with CAIR-LA, said now would be a good time for students to “get your documents in order.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Koc said students can make copies of passports or visas and make sure trusted people in their life have them on hand.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Because if, God forbid, something like [detention] does happen, I think it’s helpful for your attorneys and whoever is assisting to have all of that information organized and ready to go,” she said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Koc recommended that some students also consider asking for \u003ca href=\"https://manifestlaw.com/blog/immigration-letter-of-support-for-a-family-member/\">an immigration letter of support\u003c/a> from a professor they are close to or from an organization they are a part of. In case of a situation like \u003ca href=\"https://michiganimmigrant.org/sites/default/files/Writing%20letters%20for%20immigration%20purposes.pdf\">a possible deportation\u003c/a>, the letter — often addressed to an immigration judge — can detail the student’s role in the country, what they are studying and provide more perspective about them.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>When it comes to accessing support, students, staff and faculty should connect with legal organizations as a way of “arming yourself with knowledge and preparing yourself,” Koc said. “There are lots of people who are extremely concerned with protecting free speech rights and your rights as a student.” \u003cstrong>\u003ca href=\"#A\">Jump straight to where international students can find legal support.\u003c/a>\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Shamieh also advised that students have \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/news/12024332/ice-raids-in-california-how-to-sort-fact-from-rumor-online\">the numbers of Rapid Response Networks\u003c/a> and trusted attorneys readily available for themselves and their friends and family in case they need help navigating encounters with ICE.\u003c/p>\n\u003ch2>\u003cstrong>What should international students know about using social media right now?\u003c/strong>\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>This week, \u003ca href=\"https://www.uscis.gov/newsroom/news-releases/dhs-to-begin-screening-aliens-social-media-activity-for-antisemitism\">the Department of Homeland Security announced\u003c/a> that it would immediately begin screening immigrants’ social media for “antisemitic activity” as “grounds for denying immigration benefit requests.” In early March, \u003ca href=\"https://www.axios.com/2025/03/06/state-department-ai-revoke-foreign-student-visas-hamas\">Axios reported\u003c/a> that the State Department would launch an AI program to review the social media of student visa holders and cancel visas of those who the federal government deems as “pro-Hamas.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Despite the Consitution’s protection of free speech under \u003ca href=\"https://constitution.congress.gov/constitution/amendment-1/\">the First Amendment\u003c/a>, Koc said students who have taken part in any pro-Palestinian protests should consider limiting their posts on social media and setting their accounts to private if it is currently public.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Koc suggests that students consider what in their social media history “would make you an appealing target for the current administration.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Just being really cautious about what you’re saying and how it could be construed or how it could be manipulated is a really good practice,” she advised.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>UC Berkeley also \u003ca href=\"https://internationaloffice.berkeley.edu/immigration/immigration-policy-changes-faq\">advises international students\u003c/a> to remove any content from their social media “related to political protests or statements that could be considered as somehow promoting unlawful, antisemitic, or terrorist support.”\u003c/p>\n\u003ch2>\u003cstrong>What about students who continue to protest right now? \u003c/strong>\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>For future protests, Koc said it was vital for students to be aware of their campus’ code of conduct and student disciplinary process — and how these might change under the new administration.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Schools have been the subject of the federal government’s attention, especially after Columbia responded to President Donald Trump’s threat to withhold \u003ca href=\"https://www.nytimes.com/2025/03/21/nyregion/columbia-response-trump-demands.html\">$400 million of federal funding\u003c/a> by agreeing to overhaul policies, including banning \u003ca href=\"https://www.theguardian.com/us-news/2025/mar/21/columbia-university-funding-trump-demands\">face masks on campus\u003c/a>. The White House is also attempting to access the information of \u003ca href=\"https://ca.cair.com/press-release/cair-sfba-condemns-trump-administrations-demand-for-uc-berkeley-faculty-info-as-attack-on-academic-freedom-free-speech/\">UC Berkeley faculty who signed open letters\u003c/a> related to Gaza in 2023 and 2024.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_12035377\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 1999px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-full wp-image-12035377\" src=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2025/04/250307-BERKELEY-SCIENCE-PROTEST-MD-08_qed.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"1999\" height=\"1333\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2025/04/250307-BERKELEY-SCIENCE-PROTEST-MD-08_qed.jpg 1999w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2025/04/250307-BERKELEY-SCIENCE-PROTEST-MD-08_qed-800x533.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2025/04/250307-BERKELEY-SCIENCE-PROTEST-MD-08_qed-1020x680.jpg 1020w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2025/04/250307-BERKELEY-SCIENCE-PROTEST-MD-08_qed-160x107.jpg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2025/04/250307-BERKELEY-SCIENCE-PROTEST-MD-08_qed-1536x1024.jpg 1536w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2025/04/250307-BERKELEY-SCIENCE-PROTEST-MD-08_qed-1920x1280.jpg 1920w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 1999px) 100vw, 1999px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">A march through the UC Berkeley campus in association with the national Stand Up for Science day of action in Berkeley on March 7, 2025. \u003ccite>(Martin do Nascimento/KQED)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Koc recommended that students, staff and faculty familiarize themselves with their school’s “\u003ca href=\"https://firstamendment.mtsu.edu/article/time-place-and-manner-restrictions/\">time, place and manner” restrictions,\u003c/a> which govern protesting. The restrictions are “\u003ca href=\"https://www.calstate.edu/csu-system/transparency-accountability/Pages/tpm-faqs.aspx\">content-neutral\u003c/a>,” meaning that the policies apply across all protests or demonstrations, regardless of the speaker’s message.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“When it comes to campus protests, individual public campuses, they can restrict where and when and how you speak,” Koc explained. “When it comes to amplified noise, maybe they’ll say you can’t stand outside a classroom and protest.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>KQED has guides on \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/news/11871364/recording-the-police-what-to-know-and-how-to-stay-safe-doing-it\">how to safely document interactions with police\u003c/a> and what to know when \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/news/11821950/how-to-safely-attend-a-protest-in-the-bay-area\">attending a rally in the Bay Area\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Koc said she sees aspects of the federal government’s tactics against international students as an attempt to quell protesting and that U.S. citizens should not feel they should stop protesting. Nonetheless, international students on visas and green cards should consider “being really careful at this point” with their “level of participation” in protests right now, she advised. Visa holders, for example, could be forced to leave the United States if they are temporarily suspended from school.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>For the time being, international students who wish to keep engaging in civil disobedience should “perhaps consider taking more of a removed role, even if no one is doing anything wrong,” Koc said. “Even as they’re following all their campuses’ rules and protesting in a completely legitimate way.”\u003c/p>\n\u003ch2>\u003cstrong>\u003ca id=\"A\">\u003c/a>Where can you find support from immigration experts and advocates?\u003c/strong>\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>Shamieh said international students who are engaged with political activism or have a criminal history — even a minor one — should preemptively reach out to an attorney “to devise a plan.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>You can check with your university’s international students’ office on what support or guidance they are providing. If you are part of a union, your lawyer may also be able to provide assistance.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Other resources for immigration advice and advocacy include:\u003c/p>\n\u003cul>\n\u003cli>\u003ca href=\"https://www.aclunc.org/home\">American Civil Liberties Union, Northern California\u003c/a>\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>\u003ca href=\"https://law.stanford.edu/immigrants-rights-clinic/community-resources/\">Stanford’s Immigrants’ Rights Clinic\u003c/a>\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>\u003ca href=\"https://www.nilc.org/\">National Immigration Law Center\u003c/a>\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>\u003ca href=\"https://www.immigrationadvocates.org/nonprofit/legaldirectory/search?state=CA\">National Immigration Legal Services Directory\u003c/a>\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>\u003ca href=\"https://ccrjustice.org/\">Center for Constitutional Rights\u003c/a>\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>\u003ca href=\"https://palestinelegal.org/\">Palestine Legal\u003c/a>\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>\u003ca href=\"https://mlfa.org/apply-for-help/\">Muslim Legal Fund of America\u003c/a>\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>\u003ca href=\"https://www.law.berkeley.edu/experiential/pro-bono-program/slps/current-slps-projects/palestine-advocacy-legal-assistance-project/\">Palestine Advocacy Legal Assistance Project\u003c/a> from UC Berkeley\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>\u003ca href=\"https://www.araborganizing.org/page/immigration/\">Arab Resources and Organizing Center\u003c/a>\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>\u003ca href=\"https://www.thefire.org/defending-your-rights/legal-support/fire-legal-network\">Foundation for Individual Rights and Expression\u003c/a>\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>\u003ca href=\"https://www.asianlawcaucus.org/\">Asian Law Caucus\u003c/a>\u003c/li>\n\u003c/ul>\n\u003cp>You can also use the asylumadvocacy.org’s \u003ca href=\"https://help.asylumadvocacy.org/private-attorneys/\">database to look up a private immigration attorney\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad floatright]\u003c/p>\n",
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"excerpt": "Advocates and attorneys are advising international students to get familiar with their legal rights, consider canceling any travel outside of the United States and pause their social media activity.",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>\u003cem>Updated, 3 p.m. Thursday\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Advocates and attorneys are scrambling to provide guidance for international students at universities across California after the Trump administration \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/news/12034742/california-students-visa-cancellations-sue-trump-administration\">revoked at least 96 student visas\u003c/a> last week, following several high-profile detentions of \u003ca href=\"https://www.cnn.com/2025/03/31/us/what-we-know-college-activists-immigration-hnk/index.html\">college students and staff\u003c/a> by immigration authorities.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>International students are being advised to get familiar with their legal rights, consider canceling any travel outside of the United States and pause their social media activity.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/news/12034703/what-should-international-students-on-visas-and-green-cards-know-right-now\">The federal government’s revocation of visas for students\u003c/a> at schools including Stanford, UC Davis, UC Berkeley, UCLA, UC San Diego and UC Irvine caught universities and students off guard. Some students have \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/news/12034742/california-students-visa-cancellations-sue-trump-administration\">responded by suing the federal government\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“These actions create an uncertain and challenging environment for our campus community,” UC Berkeley Chancellor Richard Lyons said \u003ca href=\"https://news.berkeley.edu/2025/04/07/a-message-about-recent-federal-visa-program-updates/\">in a statement on Monday\u003c/a>. “Your university supports, without reservation, the right and ability of immigrant and international students, staff, and faculty to participate fully in the campus experience.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The Trump administration said last month that since January, officials had revoked \u003ca href=\"https://www.nytimes.com/2025/03/28/us/politics/rubio-immigration-students-ozturk-chung-khalil.html\">around 300 visas\u003c/a>, including those of students, because of their foreign policy views or criminal history. The administration has taken major steps \u003ca href=\"https://www.cnn.com/2025/03/29/us/rumeysa-ozturk-tufts-university-arrest-saturday/index.html\">targeting international students who had engaged in pro-Palestinian protests\u003c/a> and advocacy during the wave of demonstrations that has \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/news/12007970/1-year-later-the-impact-of-oct-7-siege-of-gaza-on-life-in-the-bay-area\">swept college campuses since October 2023\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Several international students \u003ca href=\"https://www.cnn.com/2025/03/31/us/what-we-know-college-activists-immigration-hnk/index.html\">have been detained\u003c/a> recently, with \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/news/12031867/israels-renewed-assault-gaza-draws-hundreds-streets-san-francisco\">Mahmoud Khalil\u003c/a>’s detention being one of the most high-profile cases. Khalil, a green card holder and pro-Palestinian organizer at Columbia University, was arrested by federal authorities and moved to an immigration detention center in Louisiana.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In some cases, the federal government claimed that the international students were taking part in “activities that are counter to our national interest, to our foreign policy.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“We gave you a visa to come and study and get a degree, not to become a social activist that tears up our university campuses,” Secretary of State Marco Rubio \u003ca href=\"https://www.cbsnews.com/news/student-protesters-visas-green-cards-trump-ice-detentions-free-speech/\">said at a news conference in Guyana\u003c/a>, CBS reported. “And if we’ve given you a visa, and then you decide to do that, we’re going to take it away.”\u003c/p>\n\u003ch2>\u003cstrong>A chilling effect\u003c/strong>\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>As legal teams have moved \u003ca href=\"https://www.aclu.org/news/free-speech/a-letter-from-palestinian-activist-mahmoud-khalil\">to support students\u003c/a>, pro-Palestinian advocacy groups say that the administration was “chilling speech” and curbing protest against the United States’ support of Israel \u003ca href=\"https://www.jewishvoiceforpeace.org/resource/zionism/\">by conflating criticism of Israel with antisemitism\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“It’s becoming a very insecure and strange time for this republic,” said Ramsey Judah, a lawyer with the Council on American-Islamic Relations (CAIR) in Los Angeles, who said that the chilling effect on speech was not confined to students or green card and visa holders.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“We’re seeing it across the board because people now are scared to speak up, not just on Palestine,” he said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In \u003ca href=\"https://jcrc.org/blog/jcrc-statement-on-detentions-of-campus-protesters/\">a statement\u003c/a>, the Jewish Community Relations Council in the Bay Area said that despite disagreeing with the rhetoric of the campus protests, the group believes that it’s “incumbent upon law enforcement agencies to provide these protesters with transparency around their alleged violations and proper notice before commencing deportation proceedings.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>So, if you’re an international student on a green card or a visa, what should you know about this moment?\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>KQED spoke to Judah and other experts with advocacy groups about the guidance they provide to students, staff and faculty — particularly to students who have been active during pro-Palestinian protests over the past year and a half. Please bear in mind that this is not legal advice and advocates emphasize that students should consult with an immigration attorney about their individual situation. \u003cstrong>\u003ca href=\"#A\">(Jump straight to: Where can international students find legal advice?)\u003c/a>\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003ch2>\u003cstrong>Should international students be traveling right now? \u003c/strong>\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>Many schools are advising students, faculty and staff on \u003ca href=\"https://www.usatoday.com/story/travel/news/2025/03/19/international-students-travel-trump/82527462007/\">visas or green cards\u003c/a> to reconsider international travel amid the looming uncertainty of an \u003ca href=\"https://www.usatoday.com/story/news/world/2025/03/31/trump-travel-ban-visa-restrictions-delayed/82744274007/\">anticipated travel ban\u003c/a> that could target visitors from countries like Venezuela, Haiti and Pakistan.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>UC Berkeley’s International Office \u003ca href=\"https://internationaloffice.berkeley.edu/home\">issued an advisory\u003c/a> stating that it “does not currently recommend” that international students “engage [in] international travel for personal or professional reasons” and that “current U.S. immigration policy is unpredictable and subject to rapid change.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>While acknowledging that “there have been no specific updates with respect to travel,” \u003ca href=\"https://internationaloffice.berkeley.edu/immigration/immigration-policy-changes-faq\">UC Berkeley told international students\u003c/a> that it was “possible that international travel could include additional risks including delays in visa appointments and processing times, increased likelihood of visa denials, and heightened screening upon reentry to the U.S.”\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>“We actually are telling everybody not to travel, especially if you are a student, because they’ve been denying people’s entry,” Judah said. He specifically referenced \u003ca href=\"https://www.theguardian.com/us-news/2025/mar/19/canadian-detained-us-immigration-jasmine-mooney\">the case of a Canadian woman\u003c/a> who was detained for two weeks after attempting to process a U.S. work visa at the San Diego border.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>And while American citizens cannot be \u003ca href=\"https://www.aclunc.org/our-work/know-your-rights/know-your-rights-us-airports-and-ports-entry\">denied reentry\u003c/a> into the U.S., Judah said that even they may need to reconsider visiting a country that appeared on \u003ca href=\"https://www.nytimes.com/2025/03/14/us/politics/trump-travel-ban.html\">the draft travel ban list\u003c/a> since it could “open you up to interrogations when you get back.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Judah said CAIR has been preparing visa and green card holders on what they can potentially expect when they reenter the country, including having their laptops and cellphones unlocked and searched.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>At the border or an airport, an officer needs “some sort of reasonable suspicion to look through your phone,” said Judah, but “reasonable suspicion is completely subjective. It really comes down to who the officer is.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>UC Berkeley is \u003ca href=\"https://internationaloffice.berkeley.edu/immigration/immigration-policy-changes-faq\">asking international students\u003c/a> to consider “leaving personal laptops and phones behind” if they do travel outside of the country, and if traveling with them, to “set all apps and social media accounts to private.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>NPR has \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/news/12033720/what-green-card-and-visa-holders-should-know-before-traveling-abroad\">an article diving deeper\u003c/a> on what visa and green card holders should know before traveling abroad. According to NPR, some immigration attorneys have been \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/news/12033720/what-green-card-and-visa-holders-should-know-before-traveling-abroad\">warning some green card holders to avoid leaving the country if they have a criminal record\u003c/a>, no matter how minor.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>San Francisco-based attorney Ghassan Shamieh said that as of Wednesday, he was not aware of any reports of domestic flights being impacted by this new climate, but warned that “things can change at a moment’s notice.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Shamieh, who has been consulting with students affected by the recent visa revocations, said students should be “monitoring trustworthy news sources,” and that “staying in touch with a trusted immigration attorney is going to be key for any student regardless of where they want to travel, how they want to travel or what they want to do.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_12035376\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 2000px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-full wp-image-12035376\" src=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2025/04/2845795_qed.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"2000\" height=\"969\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2025/04/2845795_qed.jpg 2000w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2025/04/2845795_qed-800x388.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2025/04/2845795_qed-1020x494.jpg 1020w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2025/04/2845795_qed-160x78.jpg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2025/04/2845795_qed-1536x744.jpg 1536w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2025/04/2845795_qed-1920x930.jpg 1920w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 2000px) 100vw, 2000px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">A U.S. Customs and Border Protection agent stands watch as a crowd of overseas visitors to the U.S. wait in line to pass through Customs on Jan. 5, 2004, at JFK airport in New York City. \u003ccite>(Stephen Chernin/Getty Images)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003ch2>\u003cstrong>Do California colleges work with immigration authorities? \u003c/strong>\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>The Trump administration has made broad moves to pressure universities to follow \u003ca href=\"https://apnews.com/article/harvard-investigation-antisemitism-trump-2ee1a2a9df6d09d155dac7a4e39b186c\">federal demands\u003c/a>, including \u003ca href=\"https://www.cnn.com/2025/04/09/us/cornell-northwestern-federal-funding-freeze/index.html\">changes to diversity, equity and inclusion programs\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Earlier this year, the U.S. Department of Justice stated its intent to investigate the University of California over \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/news/12029887/trump-doj-investigate-university-california-over-antisemitism-allegations\">antisemitism allegations\u003c/a>. The UC said \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/news/12029887/trump-doj-investigate-university-california-over-antisemitism-allegations\">in an early March statement\u003c/a> that it “is unwavering in its commitment to combating antisemitism and protecting everyone’s civil rights.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>While \u003ca href=\"https://calmatters.org/justice/2025/02/california-deportations-hit-people-with-deep-roots/\">U.S. Immigration and Customs Enforcement can still operate in California\u003c/a>, state law \u003ca href=\"https://www.aclusocal.org/en/know-your-rights/california-values-act-sb-54\">bars the use of state or local resources\u003c/a> to assist in federal immigration enforcement — except when the person being sought has been “\u003ca href=\"https://www.ilrc.org/sites/default/files/resources/sb54_advisory-gr-20180208.pdf\">convicted of a serious or violent state prison felony\u003c/a>.”\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>This law also means that public schools, including public colleges and universities, cannot assist immigration officers and provide information about a student.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>California universities have been encouraged by state Attorney General Rob Bonta to \u003ca href=\"https://oag.ca.gov/sites/all/files/agweb/pdfs/immigration/higher-education-guidance.pdf\">develop policies\u003c/a> that make campus areas private from search without a warrant, although this does not bar ICE from entering campus. Most schools are also \u003ca href=\"https://oag.ca.gov/sites/all/files/agweb/pdfs/immigration/higher-education-guidance.pdf\">required to let students know\u003c/a> that \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/news/12026817/ice-schools-and-children-what-families-should-know\">immigration authorities are on campus\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In \u003ca href=\"https://oag.ca.gov/news/press-releases/response-increased-threats-california-immigrant-communities-attorney-general\">December\u003c/a>, Bonta rolled out \u003ca href=\"https://oag.ca.gov/sites/all/files/agweb/pdfs/immigration/higher-education-guidance.pdf\">guidance for schools and colleges to adopt\u003c/a> “in responding to immigration issues” and encouraged California residents \u003ca href=\"https://oag.ca.gov/contact/consumer-complaint-against-business-or-company\">to report any suspicions\u003c/a> that a school or its staff are assisting ICE to his office.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Despite California law, \u003ca href=\"https://www.cbsnews.com/boston/news/tufts-student-rumeysa-ozturk-arrested-ice-massachusetts/\">international students are still fearful\u003c/a> that \u003ca href=\"https://uk.news.yahoo.com/trump-asks-supreme-court-let-192827441.html\">immigration agents are ignoring due process. \u003c/a>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>While a \u003ca href=\"https://www.aljazeera.com/news/2025/3/28/what-evidence-does-the-us-government-need-to-deport-green-card-holders\">green card can be revoked after certain serious criminal convictions\u003c/a>, international student and permanent resident Mahmoud Khalil was first detained \u003ca href=\"https://www.npr.org/2025/03/19/1239428600/columbia-mahmoud-khalil-law-arrest-international-students\">without a criminal charge\u003c/a>. The Trump administration said its decision to revoke Khalil’s green card was based on a provision of \u003ca href=\"https://www.aila.org/library/policy-brief-explaining-the-foreign-policy-ground-of-removability\">the Immigration and Nationality Act\u003c/a> related to foreign policy — a justification the American Immigration Lawyers Association called “\u003ca href=\"https://www.aila.org/library/policy-brief-explaining-the-foreign-policy-ground-of-removability\">obscure and constitutionally suspect\u003c/a>.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“[To] see it happen based on free speech with no charges, no crime, no anything — that’s kind of a shock to everybody who works in immigration and even people inside of the government, because this is something that’s really unheard of,” Judah said.\u003c/p>\n\u003ch2>\u003cstrong>What documentation is important for international students right now? \u003c/strong>\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>Attorney Shamieh said international students should immediately get in touch with their college campus’ international students office and make sure that team is checking their immigration status in the \u003ca href=\"https://www.ice.gov/sevis\">Student and Exchange Visitor Information System\u003c/a> (SEVIS) records regularly. Shamieh said some records have been \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/news/12034742/california-students-visa-cancellations-sue-trump-administration\">terminated without warning\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Shamieh also advised that international students should check with an attorney before making any updates to immigration documents, like a visa renewal.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“It’s really risky to travel right now. So if there are opportunities to renew documents while staying here in the United States, I definitely recommend doing that,” Shamieh said. “Always with the caveat of consulting with an immigration attorney, because they’ll best be able to analyze your specific situation and guide you accordingly.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Elif Koc, a student disciplinary legal fellow with CAIR-LA, said now would be a good time for students to “get your documents in order.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Koc said students can make copies of passports or visas and make sure trusted people in their life have them on hand.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Because if, God forbid, something like [detention] does happen, I think it’s helpful for your attorneys and whoever is assisting to have all of that information organized and ready to go,” she said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Koc recommended that some students also consider asking for \u003ca href=\"https://manifestlaw.com/blog/immigration-letter-of-support-for-a-family-member/\">an immigration letter of support\u003c/a> from a professor they are close to or from an organization they are a part of. In case of a situation like \u003ca href=\"https://michiganimmigrant.org/sites/default/files/Writing%20letters%20for%20immigration%20purposes.pdf\">a possible deportation\u003c/a>, the letter — often addressed to an immigration judge — can detail the student’s role in the country, what they are studying and provide more perspective about them.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>When it comes to accessing support, students, staff and faculty should connect with legal organizations as a way of “arming yourself with knowledge and preparing yourself,” Koc said. “There are lots of people who are extremely concerned with protecting free speech rights and your rights as a student.” \u003cstrong>\u003ca href=\"#A\">Jump straight to where international students can find legal support.\u003c/a>\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Shamieh also advised that students have \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/news/12024332/ice-raids-in-california-how-to-sort-fact-from-rumor-online\">the numbers of Rapid Response Networks\u003c/a> and trusted attorneys readily available for themselves and their friends and family in case they need help navigating encounters with ICE.\u003c/p>\n\u003ch2>\u003cstrong>What should international students know about using social media right now?\u003c/strong>\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>This week, \u003ca href=\"https://www.uscis.gov/newsroom/news-releases/dhs-to-begin-screening-aliens-social-media-activity-for-antisemitism\">the Department of Homeland Security announced\u003c/a> that it would immediately begin screening immigrants’ social media for “antisemitic activity” as “grounds for denying immigration benefit requests.” In early March, \u003ca href=\"https://www.axios.com/2025/03/06/state-department-ai-revoke-foreign-student-visas-hamas\">Axios reported\u003c/a> that the State Department would launch an AI program to review the social media of student visa holders and cancel visas of those who the federal government deems as “pro-Hamas.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Despite the Consitution’s protection of free speech under \u003ca href=\"https://constitution.congress.gov/constitution/amendment-1/\">the First Amendment\u003c/a>, Koc said students who have taken part in any pro-Palestinian protests should consider limiting their posts on social media and setting their accounts to private if it is currently public.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Koc suggests that students consider what in their social media history “would make you an appealing target for the current administration.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Just being really cautious about what you’re saying and how it could be construed or how it could be manipulated is a really good practice,” she advised.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>UC Berkeley also \u003ca href=\"https://internationaloffice.berkeley.edu/immigration/immigration-policy-changes-faq\">advises international students\u003c/a> to remove any content from their social media “related to political protests or statements that could be considered as somehow promoting unlawful, antisemitic, or terrorist support.”\u003c/p>\n\u003ch2>\u003cstrong>What about students who continue to protest right now? \u003c/strong>\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>For future protests, Koc said it was vital for students to be aware of their campus’ code of conduct and student disciplinary process — and how these might change under the new administration.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Schools have been the subject of the federal government’s attention, especially after Columbia responded to President Donald Trump’s threat to withhold \u003ca href=\"https://www.nytimes.com/2025/03/21/nyregion/columbia-response-trump-demands.html\">$400 million of federal funding\u003c/a> by agreeing to overhaul policies, including banning \u003ca href=\"https://www.theguardian.com/us-news/2025/mar/21/columbia-university-funding-trump-demands\">face masks on campus\u003c/a>. The White House is also attempting to access the information of \u003ca href=\"https://ca.cair.com/press-release/cair-sfba-condemns-trump-administrations-demand-for-uc-berkeley-faculty-info-as-attack-on-academic-freedom-free-speech/\">UC Berkeley faculty who signed open letters\u003c/a> related to Gaza in 2023 and 2024.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_12035377\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 1999px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-full wp-image-12035377\" src=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2025/04/250307-BERKELEY-SCIENCE-PROTEST-MD-08_qed.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"1999\" height=\"1333\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2025/04/250307-BERKELEY-SCIENCE-PROTEST-MD-08_qed.jpg 1999w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2025/04/250307-BERKELEY-SCIENCE-PROTEST-MD-08_qed-800x533.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2025/04/250307-BERKELEY-SCIENCE-PROTEST-MD-08_qed-1020x680.jpg 1020w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2025/04/250307-BERKELEY-SCIENCE-PROTEST-MD-08_qed-160x107.jpg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2025/04/250307-BERKELEY-SCIENCE-PROTEST-MD-08_qed-1536x1024.jpg 1536w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2025/04/250307-BERKELEY-SCIENCE-PROTEST-MD-08_qed-1920x1280.jpg 1920w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 1999px) 100vw, 1999px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">A march through the UC Berkeley campus in association with the national Stand Up for Science day of action in Berkeley on March 7, 2025. \u003ccite>(Martin do Nascimento/KQED)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Koc recommended that students, staff and faculty familiarize themselves with their school’s “\u003ca href=\"https://firstamendment.mtsu.edu/article/time-place-and-manner-restrictions/\">time, place and manner” restrictions,\u003c/a> which govern protesting. The restrictions are “\u003ca href=\"https://www.calstate.edu/csu-system/transparency-accountability/Pages/tpm-faqs.aspx\">content-neutral\u003c/a>,” meaning that the policies apply across all protests or demonstrations, regardless of the speaker’s message.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“When it comes to campus protests, individual public campuses, they can restrict where and when and how you speak,” Koc explained. “When it comes to amplified noise, maybe they’ll say you can’t stand outside a classroom and protest.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>KQED has guides on \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/news/11871364/recording-the-police-what-to-know-and-how-to-stay-safe-doing-it\">how to safely document interactions with police\u003c/a> and what to know when \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/news/11821950/how-to-safely-attend-a-protest-in-the-bay-area\">attending a rally in the Bay Area\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Koc said she sees aspects of the federal government’s tactics against international students as an attempt to quell protesting and that U.S. citizens should not feel they should stop protesting. Nonetheless, international students on visas and green cards should consider “being really careful at this point” with their “level of participation” in protests right now, she advised. Visa holders, for example, could be forced to leave the United States if they are temporarily suspended from school.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>For the time being, international students who wish to keep engaging in civil disobedience should “perhaps consider taking more of a removed role, even if no one is doing anything wrong,” Koc said. “Even as they’re following all their campuses’ rules and protesting in a completely legitimate way.”\u003c/p>\n\u003ch2>\u003cstrong>\u003ca id=\"A\">\u003c/a>Where can you find support from immigration experts and advocates?\u003c/strong>\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>Shamieh said international students who are engaged with political activism or have a criminal history — even a minor one — should preemptively reach out to an attorney “to devise a plan.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>You can check with your university’s international students’ office on what support or guidance they are providing. If you are part of a union, your lawyer may also be able to provide assistance.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Other resources for immigration advice and advocacy include:\u003c/p>\n\u003cul>\n\u003cli>\u003ca href=\"https://www.aclunc.org/home\">American Civil Liberties Union, Northern California\u003c/a>\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>\u003ca href=\"https://law.stanford.edu/immigrants-rights-clinic/community-resources/\">Stanford’s Immigrants’ Rights Clinic\u003c/a>\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>\u003ca href=\"https://www.nilc.org/\">National Immigration Law Center\u003c/a>\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>\u003ca href=\"https://www.immigrationadvocates.org/nonprofit/legaldirectory/search?state=CA\">National Immigration Legal Services Directory\u003c/a>\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>\u003ca href=\"https://ccrjustice.org/\">Center for Constitutional Rights\u003c/a>\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>\u003ca href=\"https://palestinelegal.org/\">Palestine Legal\u003c/a>\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>\u003ca href=\"https://mlfa.org/apply-for-help/\">Muslim Legal Fund of America\u003c/a>\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>\u003ca href=\"https://www.law.berkeley.edu/experiential/pro-bono-program/slps/current-slps-projects/palestine-advocacy-legal-assistance-project/\">Palestine Advocacy Legal Assistance Project\u003c/a> from UC Berkeley\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>\u003ca href=\"https://www.araborganizing.org/page/immigration/\">Arab Resources and Organizing Center\u003c/a>\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>\u003ca href=\"https://www.thefire.org/defending-your-rights/legal-support/fire-legal-network\">Foundation for Individual Rights and Expression\u003c/a>\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>\u003ca href=\"https://www.asianlawcaucus.org/\">Asian Law Caucus\u003c/a>\u003c/li>\n\u003c/ul>\n\u003cp>You can also use the asylumadvocacy.org’s \u003ca href=\"https://help.asylumadvocacy.org/private-attorneys/\">database to look up a private immigration attorney\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cp>U.S. Citizenship and Immigration Services \u003ca href=\"https://www.uscis.gov/newsroom/news-releases/dhs-to-begin-screening-aliens-social-media-activity-for-antisemitism\">has announced\u003c/a> it will begin screening immigrants’ social media for evidence of antisemitic activity as grounds for denying immigration benefit requests. The screenings will affect people applying for permanent residence status as well as foreigners affiliated with educational institutions. The policy will go into effect immediately.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In a statement issued Wednesday morning, the Department of Homeland Security said it will “protect the homeland from extremists and terrorist aliens, including those who support antisemitic terrorism, violent antisemitic ideologies and antisemitic terrorist organizations such as Hamas, Palestinian Islamic Jihad, Hezbollah, or [the Houthis].”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“There is no room in the United States for the rest of the world’s terrorist sympathizers, and we are under no obligation to admit them or let them stay here,” said DHS Assistant Secretary for Public Affairs Tricia McLaughlin.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The announcement comes following the highly publicized arrests and detentions of pro-Palestinian student activists such as Mahmoud Khalil and Rümeysa Öztürk, who the government alleges engaged in antisemitic activities. Their lawyers deny the allegations.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[aside postID=news_12033989 hero='https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2025/04/034_SanFrancisco_AlexPadillaMissionKids_06012021_qed-1-1020x680.jpg']\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In a statement to NPR, Edward Ahmed Mitchell, the national deputy director of the Council on American-Islamic Relations, said: “The spirit of Joseph McCarthy is alive and well in the Trump administration, which has spent months dishonestly mischaracterizing legitimate criticism of the Israeli government’s war crimes in Gaza as antisemitic, pursuing witch hunts into American colleges, and threatening the free speech rights of immigrants.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“It is a privilege to be granted a visa to live & study in the United States of America,” Homeland Security Secretary Kristi Noem posted on X last month. “When you advocate for violence and terrorism that privilege should be revoked and you should not be in this country.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n",
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"excerpt": "The announcement comes following the arrests and detentions of pro-Palestinian student activists such as Mahmoud Khalil and Rümeysa Öztürk, who the government alleges engaged in antisemitic activities.",
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"nprByline": "\u003ca href=\"https://www.npr.org/people/297147616/jasmine-garsd\">Jasmine Garsd\u003c/a>, NPR",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>U.S. Citizenship and Immigration Services \u003ca href=\"https://www.uscis.gov/newsroom/news-releases/dhs-to-begin-screening-aliens-social-media-activity-for-antisemitism\">has announced\u003c/a> it will begin screening immigrants’ social media for evidence of antisemitic activity as grounds for denying immigration benefit requests. The screenings will affect people applying for permanent residence status as well as foreigners affiliated with educational institutions. The policy will go into effect immediately.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In a statement issued Wednesday morning, the Department of Homeland Security said it will “protect the homeland from extremists and terrorist aliens, including those who support antisemitic terrorism, violent antisemitic ideologies and antisemitic terrorist organizations such as Hamas, Palestinian Islamic Jihad, Hezbollah, or [the Houthis].”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“There is no room in the United States for the rest of the world’s terrorist sympathizers, and we are under no obligation to admit them or let them stay here,” said DHS Assistant Secretary for Public Affairs Tricia McLaughlin.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The announcement comes following the highly publicized arrests and detentions of pro-Palestinian student activists such as Mahmoud Khalil and Rümeysa Öztürk, who the government alleges engaged in antisemitic activities. Their lawyers deny the allegations.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In a statement to NPR, Edward Ahmed Mitchell, the national deputy director of the Council on American-Islamic Relations, said: “The spirit of Joseph McCarthy is alive and well in the Trump administration, which has spent months dishonestly mischaracterizing legitimate criticism of the Israeli government’s war crimes in Gaza as antisemitic, pursuing witch hunts into American colleges, and threatening the free speech rights of immigrants.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“It is a privilege to be granted a visa to live & study in the United States of America,” Homeland Security Secretary Kristi Noem posted on X last month. “When you advocate for violence and terrorism that privilege should be revoked and you should not be in this country.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>",
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"slug": "border-patrol-said-it-targeted-known-criminals-in-kern-county-but-it-had-no-record-on-77-of-78-arrestees",
"title": "Border Patrol Said It Targeted Known Criminals in Kern County. But It Had No Record on 77 of 78 Arrestees",
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"headTitle": "Border Patrol Said It Targeted Known Criminals in Kern County. But It Had No Record on 77 of 78 Arrestees | KQED",
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"content": "\u003cp>\u003cem>This story was originally published by \u003ca href=\"https://calmatters.org/\">CalMatters\u003c/a>. \u003ca href=\"https://calmatters.org/subscribe-to-calmatters/\">Sign up\u003c/a> for their newsletters.\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>It was quiet on the border. A Border Patrol agent named James Lee was parked in the shade next to a 30-foot fence in Calexico. The windows of his SUV were rolled up, the engine making that noise when it’s idle for a long time while the air conditioning is running. “We haven’t had any crossing in the last few days,” Lee said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>At the height of illegal border crossings in 2023, Border Patrol encountered 3.2 million people. But now the southern border is desolate. Lee is one of around 1,000 agents in the El Centro sector, which has seen a 91% decrease in encounters compared to the same month last year. The decline in crossings that began during the Biden administration has accelerated in the first few months of the Trump administration. When we visited in late February, not a single person had been recorded trying to cross for more than half the week.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The man in charge of the El Centro sector, Gregory Bovino, once told congressional investigators, “I’ve always found that idle hands do the devil’s work.” On Jan. 7, the day after Congress certified Trump’s election victory, Bovino sent 65 of his agents into Kern County, six hours north of the border, to conduct a raid that has shaken immigrant communities and agricultural businesses across the state, and has set the stage for a legal battle over how the government carries out mass deportations.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=m93xbICwsSM&t=7s\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Border Patrol said it arrested 78 people in what it called “Operation Return to Sender,” but provided few details. Most of the official information about the raid came from Bovino’s Facebook \u003ca href=\"https://www.facebook.com/USBorderPatrolElCentroSector/posts/pfbid02WDPRvfPFmX7kqLWSCwrS8ovzQqzgWb1gaDX21vR75EUfkRaenFea6FTJwUWwoW6Wl\">comments\u003c/a>. He posted \u003ca href=\"https://www.facebook.com/USBorderPatrolElCentroSector/posts/pfbid02WDPRvfPFmX7kqLWSCwrS8ovzQqzgWb1gaDX21vR75EUfkRaenFea6FTJwUWwoW6Wl\">blurred photos\u003c/a> of three Latino men alongside a photo of 33 lbs of marijuana in the trunk of a car. He wrote, “Here in the #PremierSector we go the extra mile — or 500 of them — to protect our nation and communities from bad people and bad things.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>On the day of the raids, Casey Creamer, CEO of California Citrus Mutual, an association of citrus growers around Bakersfield, heard that the Border Patrol was targeting criminal activity. He thought that might explain why the agents had come so far north. But the next day, he began to doubt the official narrative.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“It does not seem to be a targeted criminal activity just based on what growers are seeing and observing,” he said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Creamer learned that agents detained people outside of a Home Depot and a convenience store frequented by farm workers in the morning on their way to the fields. They pulled over drivers on roads running between farms.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“I know for a fact they were stationed on growers’ property. Not public property, but actual growers’ property,” Creamer said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Bovino said that his agents had a “predetermined list of targets,” many of whom had criminal records, before they set off for Kern County. “We did our homework,” he said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But a CalMatters investigation, in partnership with \u003ca href=\"https://www.evidentmedia.org/\">Evident\u003c/a> and \u003ca href=\"https://www.bellingcat.com/\">Bellingcat\u003c/a>, found that Border Patrol officials misrepresented the very basics of their high-profile, large-scale immigration raid. Data obtained from U.S. Customs and Border Protection reveal that Border Patrol had no prior knowledge of criminal or immigration history for 77 of the 78 people arrested.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In a spreadsheet provided by the agency, under “Criminal History,” all but one entry contains the following passage: “Criminal and/or immigration history was not known prior to the encounter.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>***\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Bovino sat down with CalMatters in February to talk about the Kern County operation.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>A handful of armed agents stood as audience for the entire hour. They stayed quiet, listening to their boss tell a reporter what’s what.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Bovino stands out among the Border Patrol chiefs. The El Centro sector’s \u003ca href=\"https://www.facebook.com/USBorderPatrolElCentroSector/\">Facebook page\u003c/a> features staged photos of him in uniform, including including a closeup with an AR-15, and one on a white horse in the desert, cradling a shotgun. He has given his sector a brand: “the premier sector.” It’s similar to the way states have mottos on license plates that aren’t necessarily used by anybody else to describe that state.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Twenty sectors in the U.S. Border Patrol, and we do call ourselves the premiere sector,” he said with a smile. “So please let those other chiefs know we said that.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>This area of the border is remote. But Bovino’s powers stretch far beyond the border. “Our area goes up through Central California, all the way to the Oregon border,” he said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_12034932\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 2000px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-full wp-image-12034932\" src=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2025/04/022525-Evident-Border-Trip-EM-CM-16-1-copy.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"2000\" height=\"1333\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2025/04/022525-Evident-Border-Trip-EM-CM-16-1-copy.jpg 2000w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2025/04/022525-Evident-Border-Trip-EM-CM-16-1-copy-800x533.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2025/04/022525-Evident-Border-Trip-EM-CM-16-1-copy-1020x680.jpg 1020w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2025/04/022525-Evident-Border-Trip-EM-CM-16-1-copy-160x107.jpg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2025/04/022525-Evident-Border-Trip-EM-CM-16-1-copy-1536x1024.jpg 1536w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2025/04/022525-Evident-Border-Trip-EM-CM-16-1-copy-1920x1280.jpg 1920w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 2000px) 100vw, 2000px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">A view of the U.S. and Mexico border wall near Jacumba Wilderness Area on Feb. 25, 2025. \u003ccite>(Kevin Clancy/CalMatters and Evident Media)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>U.S. Customs and Border Protection has the authority to search vehicles and vessels without a warrant “within a reasonable distance from any external boundary” of the U.S., including the entire coastline. The federal government defines this distance as 100 miles.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Roughly two-thirds of the U.S. population, about 200 million people, live within this zone.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Federal authority does not just reside at that line in the sand, as some people like to look at it on the border,” Bovino said. “A lot of bad things and bad people that come across that border. And it doesn’t just stay at the border. What comes across that border goes into Anytown, USA and into Ma’ and Pa’ America.”[aside postID=news_12029195 hero='https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2025/02/BakersfieldFarmworkersGetty-1020x680.jpg']Nationwide there are roughly four times more Border Patrol than ICE agents. In El Centro, there are five Border Patrol agents whose job it is to produce videos.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Their latest project is a series of fictionalized videos portraying migrants crossing the border as menaces with a bloodlust to commit crimes. Bovino shared the \u003ca href=\"https://x.com/USBPChiefELC/status/1894412561912672762\">first video\u003c/a> on social media with the caption: “Any town. Any neighborhood. Any family. When heartless criminals, sex offenders, and human traffickers illegally enter the United States and get away, they prey on our children, the most vulnerable members of our communities.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In the video, two agents sit in their vehicle at night, listening to a news broadcast about an undocumented migrant charged with the rape and murder of a 64-year-old woman in Santa Maria. The news clip is from a real CBS report from 10 years ago. An agent shakes his head in disgust and turns off the radio, saying “Man, that’s the second one in less than a week. Things are getting out of hand.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>At that moment dispatch comes over the radio and tells the agents of a nearby vehicle that’s loaded with migrants. The agents are able to catch three of the men, but one gets away and sneaks into “Anytown, USA,” where he savagely murders an American citizen, taking the man’s cell phone and fleeing. The screen goes dark with the message: “Every apprehension matters. Do you know who got away?”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Bovino is proud of the videos, and rejected the idea that the fictional portrayals are, in fact, fictional. “Those fictionalized accounts that you’re talking about are really not fictionalized accounts. Let’s get that straight. Because thousands of American citizens every year die and/or are maimed, killed or raped,” he said. Less than 1% of the people Border Patrol agents encounter have a criminal conviction of any kind, according to agency data. By comparison around 8% of Americans have a felony conviction, according to one \u003ca href=\"https://link.springer.com/article/10.1007/s13524-017-0611-1\">study\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Bovino likes to praise President Dwight Eisenhower, who led the largest deportation in American history, rounding up 1.3 million Mexicans and Mexican Americans in 1954. The first buses deporting migrants — in what was called “Operation Wetback” — rolled out of El Centro \u003ca href=\"https://www.jstor.org/stable/10.3138/j.ctt2ttpgc\">over 70 years ago\u003c/a>. In January, Bovino launched his own operation as “a \u003ca href=\"https://inewsource.org/2025/03/14/lawsuit-border-patrol-el-centro-chief-kern-county-operation/\">proof of concept\u003c/a>,” he has said, to show how Border Patrol could be used for mass deportations in the interior.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>***\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The El Centro sector denied requests for details on the 78 people arrested during “Operation Return to Sender.” CalMatters made the same request to Customs and Border Protection headquarters in Washington, D.C., which provided the data. It showed the Border Patrol had a record of criminal or immigration history on only one person. That person’s record showed that they had been ordered to be deported a year earlier.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The records directly contradict what Bovino told us in the interview. He maintained his agents went after specific targets, “many of which … were prior deports, already had immigration history, criminal history.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>We received the data after our interview with Bovino. We attempted to ask the Border Patrol follow-up questions, but the agency declined, citing “ongoing litigation.” Last month the ACLU \u003ca href=\"https://calmatters.org/justice/2025/02/border-patrol-sued-over-kern-county-raids/\">sued Border Patrol on behalf\u003c/a> of United Farm Workers, arguing that the agency detained people who looked Latino or like farm workers without reasonable suspicion they were doing anything unlawful, and then deprived them of due process by forcing them to sign self-deportation paperwork.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In our interview, Bovino also offered an expansive definition of who he considers “criminals.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Every single one of the 78 that we arrested were criminals. Eight U.S.C. 1325 — illegal entry into the United States,” he said, citing federal code for what is a misdemeanor offense.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>If the Border Patrol did have a targeted list of people with criminal records, they didn’t arrest them. Regardless, Bovino didn’t see a difference between going after undocumented field workers or drug dealers: “If you’re an illegal alien, you’re getting it. A fentanyl dealer, you get it.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Creamer, who represents the citrus growers, said he has a different definition of criminal activity.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>He said the people who work in their operations have been there as long as 30 years — “ hard-working people that don’t deserve to be harassed.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“If they’re targeting a rural operation like this, people that are getting up early in the morning to work, those aren’t drug dealers,” he said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_12034935\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 2000px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-full wp-image-12034935\" src=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2025/04/032725-Evident-Bakersfield-EM-CM-12-copy.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"2000\" height=\"1333\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2025/04/032725-Evident-Bakersfield-EM-CM-12-copy.jpg 2000w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2025/04/032725-Evident-Bakersfield-EM-CM-12-copy-800x533.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2025/04/032725-Evident-Bakersfield-EM-CM-12-copy-1020x680.jpg 1020w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2025/04/032725-Evident-Bakersfield-EM-CM-12-copy-160x107.jpg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2025/04/032725-Evident-Bakersfield-EM-CM-12-copy-1536x1024.jpg 1536w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2025/04/032725-Evident-Bakersfield-EM-CM-12-copy-1920x1280.jpg 1920w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 2000px) 100vw, 2000px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">A worker picks oranges on a farm outside of Bakersfield, Feb. 25, 2025. \u003ccite>(Kevin Clancy/CalMatters and Evident Media)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_12034936\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 2500px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-full wp-image-12034936\" src=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2025/04/Copy-of-KQED-side-by-side-downpage-image-2.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"2500\" height=\"833\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2025/04/Copy-of-KQED-side-by-side-downpage-image-2.jpg 2500w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2025/04/Copy-of-KQED-side-by-side-downpage-image-2-800x267.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2025/04/Copy-of-KQED-side-by-side-downpage-image-2-1020x340.jpg 1020w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2025/04/Copy-of-KQED-side-by-side-downpage-image-2-160x53.jpg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2025/04/Copy-of-KQED-side-by-side-downpage-image-2-1536x512.jpg 1536w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2025/04/Copy-of-KQED-side-by-side-downpage-image-2-2048x682.jpg 2048w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2025/04/Copy-of-KQED-side-by-side-downpage-image-2-1920x640.jpg 1920w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 2500px) 100vw, 2500px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Left: Oranges at a packaging facility outside of Bakersfield, on Feb. 27, 2025. Right: A worker at an orange packaging facility outside of Bakersfield, on Feb. 27, 2025. \u003ccite>(Kevin Clancy/CalMatters and Evident Media)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Creamer warned that the United States won’t have a food supply if agriculture doesn’t have a workforce in California and beyond. The USDA Economic Research services says that 42% of agricultural workers are undocumented. Lawmakers in Florida, which is the other major citrus provider, recently introduced legislation to loosen child labor laws to replace field workers following an immigration crackdown.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Ninety percent of the nation’s fresh citrus comes from California, according to Citrus Mutual. Zac Green, a citrus farmer in Kern County, said that, in the days after the raid, 85% of his workers stayed home out of fear. “We have to have that reliable workforce,” he said. “We’re feeding people.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Our people can go back to their communities and put their kids in school. They can buy homes, they can buy vehicles,” he said. “We’re here to work and provide for our families, and that’s what we’re trying to do.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Bree Bernwanger, a senior staff attorney with the ACLU, said she’s not surprised that Border Patrol had prior records on only one of the people arrested.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Border Patrol went on a fishing expedition in the Central Valley. They swarmed the highways and stopped people in agricultural areas,” she said. “People who are just driving down the road because they were brown or because they looked like farm workers. ”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The ACLU has asked for a restraining order to stop the agency from conducting similar raids within California while the lawsuit is being heard. The organization argues that Border Patrol must have reasonable suspicion a person is doing something unlawful.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“We’re asking a court to order them not to stop people — whether they’re driving down the road or whether they’re in a parking lot — not to stop them unless they have a reason,” Bernwanger said. “And someone looking Latino, looking like a farm worker, looking like a day laborer — those are not legal reasons.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_12034937\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 2000px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-full wp-image-12034937\" src=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2025/04/032725-Evident-Bakersfield-EM-CM-14-copy.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"2000\" height=\"1333\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2025/04/032725-Evident-Bakersfield-EM-CM-14-copy.jpg 2000w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2025/04/032725-Evident-Bakersfield-EM-CM-14-copy-800x533.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2025/04/032725-Evident-Bakersfield-EM-CM-14-copy-1020x680.jpg 1020w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2025/04/032725-Evident-Bakersfield-EM-CM-14-copy-160x107.jpg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2025/04/032725-Evident-Bakersfield-EM-CM-14-copy-1536x1024.jpg 1536w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2025/04/032725-Evident-Bakersfield-EM-CM-14-copy-1920x1280.jpg 1920w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 2000px) 100vw, 2000px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Workers pick oranges on a farm outside of Bakersfield, Feb. 25, 2025. \u003ccite>(Kevin Clancy/CalMatters and Evident Media)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>For his part, Bovino wants to use the Kern operation as a model for immigration enforcement across California.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“It’s game on — anywhere,” he said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“It could be Fresno, could be Sacramento, could be Stockton. You never know. We’re going to go where that threat is, and where we can do the most damage to bad people and bad things that we possibly can. That’s what we’re in the business of doing.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>This article was \u003ca href=\"https://calmatters.org/economy/2025/04/border-patrol-records-kern-county/\">originally published on CalMatters\u003c/a> and was republished under the \u003ca href=\"https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/\">Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives\u003c/a> license.\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad floatright]\u003c/p>\n",
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"excerpt": "Contrary to its public narrative, the agency cast a wide net in its California immigration raid, setting the stage for a legal battle over how the government carries out mass deportations.",
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"title": "Border Patrol Said It Targeted Known Criminals in Kern County. But It Had No Record on 77 of 78 Arrestees | KQED",
"description": "Contrary to its public narrative, the agency cast a wide net in its California immigration raid, setting the stage for a legal battle over how the government carries out mass deportations.",
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"headline": "Border Patrol Said It Targeted Known Criminals in Kern County. But It Had No Record on 77 of 78 Arrestees",
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"nprByline": "\u003ca href=\"https://calmatters.org/author/sergio-olmos/\">Sergio Olmos\u003c/a> and \u003ca href=\"https://calmatters.org/author/wendy-fry/\">Wendy Fry\u003c/a>, CalMatters",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>\u003cem>This story was originally published by \u003ca href=\"https://calmatters.org/\">CalMatters\u003c/a>. \u003ca href=\"https://calmatters.org/subscribe-to-calmatters/\">Sign up\u003c/a> for their newsletters.\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>It was quiet on the border. A Border Patrol agent named James Lee was parked in the shade next to a 30-foot fence in Calexico. The windows of his SUV were rolled up, the engine making that noise when it’s idle for a long time while the air conditioning is running. “We haven’t had any crossing in the last few days,” Lee said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>At the height of illegal border crossings in 2023, Border Patrol encountered 3.2 million people. But now the southern border is desolate. Lee is one of around 1,000 agents in the El Centro sector, which has seen a 91% decrease in encounters compared to the same month last year. The decline in crossings that began during the Biden administration has accelerated in the first few months of the Trump administration. When we visited in late February, not a single person had been recorded trying to cross for more than half the week.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The man in charge of the El Centro sector, Gregory Bovino, once told congressional investigators, “I’ve always found that idle hands do the devil’s work.” On Jan. 7, the day after Congress certified Trump’s election victory, Bovino sent 65 of his agents into Kern County, six hours north of the border, to conduct a raid that has shaken immigrant communities and agricultural businesses across the state, and has set the stage for a legal battle over how the government carries out mass deportations.\u003c/p>\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003cspan class='utils-parseShortcode-shortcodes-__youtubeShortcode__embedYoutube'>\n \u003cspan class='utils-parseShortcode-shortcodes-__youtubeShortcode__embedYoutubeInside'>\n \u003ciframe\n loading='lazy'\n class='utils-parseShortcode-shortcodes-__youtubeShortcode__youtubePlayer'\n type='text/html'\n src='//www.youtube.com/embed/m93xbICwsSM'\n title='//www.youtube.com/embed/m93xbICwsSM'\n allowfullscreen='true'\n style='border:0;'>\u003c/iframe>\n \u003c/span>\n \u003c/span>\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003cp>Border Patrol said it arrested 78 people in what it called “Operation Return to Sender,” but provided few details. Most of the official information about the raid came from Bovino’s Facebook \u003ca href=\"https://www.facebook.com/USBorderPatrolElCentroSector/posts/pfbid02WDPRvfPFmX7kqLWSCwrS8ovzQqzgWb1gaDX21vR75EUfkRaenFea6FTJwUWwoW6Wl\">comments\u003c/a>. He posted \u003ca href=\"https://www.facebook.com/USBorderPatrolElCentroSector/posts/pfbid02WDPRvfPFmX7kqLWSCwrS8ovzQqzgWb1gaDX21vR75EUfkRaenFea6FTJwUWwoW6Wl\">blurred photos\u003c/a> of three Latino men alongside a photo of 33 lbs of marijuana in the trunk of a car. He wrote, “Here in the #PremierSector we go the extra mile — or 500 of them — to protect our nation and communities from bad people and bad things.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>On the day of the raids, Casey Creamer, CEO of California Citrus Mutual, an association of citrus growers around Bakersfield, heard that the Border Patrol was targeting criminal activity. He thought that might explain why the agents had come so far north. But the next day, he began to doubt the official narrative.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“It does not seem to be a targeted criminal activity just based on what growers are seeing and observing,” he said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Creamer learned that agents detained people outside of a Home Depot and a convenience store frequented by farm workers in the morning on their way to the fields. They pulled over drivers on roads running between farms.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“I know for a fact they were stationed on growers’ property. Not public property, but actual growers’ property,” Creamer said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Bovino said that his agents had a “predetermined list of targets,” many of whom had criminal records, before they set off for Kern County. “We did our homework,” he said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But a CalMatters investigation, in partnership with \u003ca href=\"https://www.evidentmedia.org/\">Evident\u003c/a> and \u003ca href=\"https://www.bellingcat.com/\">Bellingcat\u003c/a>, found that Border Patrol officials misrepresented the very basics of their high-profile, large-scale immigration raid. Data obtained from U.S. Customs and Border Protection reveal that Border Patrol had no prior knowledge of criminal or immigration history for 77 of the 78 people arrested.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In a spreadsheet provided by the agency, under “Criminal History,” all but one entry contains the following passage: “Criminal and/or immigration history was not known prior to the encounter.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>***\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Bovino sat down with CalMatters in February to talk about the Kern County operation.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>A handful of armed agents stood as audience for the entire hour. They stayed quiet, listening to their boss tell a reporter what’s what.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Bovino stands out among the Border Patrol chiefs. The El Centro sector’s \u003ca href=\"https://www.facebook.com/USBorderPatrolElCentroSector/\">Facebook page\u003c/a> features staged photos of him in uniform, including including a closeup with an AR-15, and one on a white horse in the desert, cradling a shotgun. He has given his sector a brand: “the premier sector.” It’s similar to the way states have mottos on license plates that aren’t necessarily used by anybody else to describe that state.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Twenty sectors in the U.S. Border Patrol, and we do call ourselves the premiere sector,” he said with a smile. “So please let those other chiefs know we said that.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>This area of the border is remote. But Bovino’s powers stretch far beyond the border. “Our area goes up through Central California, all the way to the Oregon border,” he said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_12034932\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 2000px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-full wp-image-12034932\" src=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2025/04/022525-Evident-Border-Trip-EM-CM-16-1-copy.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"2000\" height=\"1333\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2025/04/022525-Evident-Border-Trip-EM-CM-16-1-copy.jpg 2000w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2025/04/022525-Evident-Border-Trip-EM-CM-16-1-copy-800x533.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2025/04/022525-Evident-Border-Trip-EM-CM-16-1-copy-1020x680.jpg 1020w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2025/04/022525-Evident-Border-Trip-EM-CM-16-1-copy-160x107.jpg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2025/04/022525-Evident-Border-Trip-EM-CM-16-1-copy-1536x1024.jpg 1536w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2025/04/022525-Evident-Border-Trip-EM-CM-16-1-copy-1920x1280.jpg 1920w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 2000px) 100vw, 2000px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">A view of the U.S. and Mexico border wall near Jacumba Wilderness Area on Feb. 25, 2025. \u003ccite>(Kevin Clancy/CalMatters and Evident Media)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>U.S. Customs and Border Protection has the authority to search vehicles and vessels without a warrant “within a reasonable distance from any external boundary” of the U.S., including the entire coastline. The federal government defines this distance as 100 miles.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Roughly two-thirds of the U.S. population, about 200 million people, live within this zone.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Federal authority does not just reside at that line in the sand, as some people like to look at it on the border,” Bovino said. “A lot of bad things and bad people that come across that border. And it doesn’t just stay at the border. What comes across that border goes into Anytown, USA and into Ma’ and Pa’ America.”\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>Nationwide there are roughly four times more Border Patrol than ICE agents. In El Centro, there are five Border Patrol agents whose job it is to produce videos.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Their latest project is a series of fictionalized videos portraying migrants crossing the border as menaces with a bloodlust to commit crimes. Bovino shared the \u003ca href=\"https://x.com/USBPChiefELC/status/1894412561912672762\">first video\u003c/a> on social media with the caption: “Any town. Any neighborhood. Any family. When heartless criminals, sex offenders, and human traffickers illegally enter the United States and get away, they prey on our children, the most vulnerable members of our communities.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In the video, two agents sit in their vehicle at night, listening to a news broadcast about an undocumented migrant charged with the rape and murder of a 64-year-old woman in Santa Maria. The news clip is from a real CBS report from 10 years ago. An agent shakes his head in disgust and turns off the radio, saying “Man, that’s the second one in less than a week. Things are getting out of hand.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>At that moment dispatch comes over the radio and tells the agents of a nearby vehicle that’s loaded with migrants. The agents are able to catch three of the men, but one gets away and sneaks into “Anytown, USA,” where he savagely murders an American citizen, taking the man’s cell phone and fleeing. The screen goes dark with the message: “Every apprehension matters. Do you know who got away?”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Bovino is proud of the videos, and rejected the idea that the fictional portrayals are, in fact, fictional. “Those fictionalized accounts that you’re talking about are really not fictionalized accounts. Let’s get that straight. Because thousands of American citizens every year die and/or are maimed, killed or raped,” he said. Less than 1% of the people Border Patrol agents encounter have a criminal conviction of any kind, according to agency data. By comparison around 8% of Americans have a felony conviction, according to one \u003ca href=\"https://link.springer.com/article/10.1007/s13524-017-0611-1\">study\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Bovino likes to praise President Dwight Eisenhower, who led the largest deportation in American history, rounding up 1.3 million Mexicans and Mexican Americans in 1954. The first buses deporting migrants — in what was called “Operation Wetback” — rolled out of El Centro \u003ca href=\"https://www.jstor.org/stable/10.3138/j.ctt2ttpgc\">over 70 years ago\u003c/a>. In January, Bovino launched his own operation as “a \u003ca href=\"https://inewsource.org/2025/03/14/lawsuit-border-patrol-el-centro-chief-kern-county-operation/\">proof of concept\u003c/a>,” he has said, to show how Border Patrol could be used for mass deportations in the interior.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>***\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The El Centro sector denied requests for details on the 78 people arrested during “Operation Return to Sender.” CalMatters made the same request to Customs and Border Protection headquarters in Washington, D.C., which provided the data. It showed the Border Patrol had a record of criminal or immigration history on only one person. That person’s record showed that they had been ordered to be deported a year earlier.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The records directly contradict what Bovino told us in the interview. He maintained his agents went after specific targets, “many of which … were prior deports, already had immigration history, criminal history.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>We received the data after our interview with Bovino. We attempted to ask the Border Patrol follow-up questions, but the agency declined, citing “ongoing litigation.” Last month the ACLU \u003ca href=\"https://calmatters.org/justice/2025/02/border-patrol-sued-over-kern-county-raids/\">sued Border Patrol on behalf\u003c/a> of United Farm Workers, arguing that the agency detained people who looked Latino or like farm workers without reasonable suspicion they were doing anything unlawful, and then deprived them of due process by forcing them to sign self-deportation paperwork.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In our interview, Bovino also offered an expansive definition of who he considers “criminals.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Every single one of the 78 that we arrested were criminals. Eight U.S.C. 1325 — illegal entry into the United States,” he said, citing federal code for what is a misdemeanor offense.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>If the Border Patrol did have a targeted list of people with criminal records, they didn’t arrest them. Regardless, Bovino didn’t see a difference between going after undocumented field workers or drug dealers: “If you’re an illegal alien, you’re getting it. A fentanyl dealer, you get it.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Creamer, who represents the citrus growers, said he has a different definition of criminal activity.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>He said the people who work in their operations have been there as long as 30 years — “ hard-working people that don’t deserve to be harassed.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“If they’re targeting a rural operation like this, people that are getting up early in the morning to work, those aren’t drug dealers,” he said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_12034935\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 2000px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-full wp-image-12034935\" src=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2025/04/032725-Evident-Bakersfield-EM-CM-12-copy.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"2000\" height=\"1333\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2025/04/032725-Evident-Bakersfield-EM-CM-12-copy.jpg 2000w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2025/04/032725-Evident-Bakersfield-EM-CM-12-copy-800x533.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2025/04/032725-Evident-Bakersfield-EM-CM-12-copy-1020x680.jpg 1020w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2025/04/032725-Evident-Bakersfield-EM-CM-12-copy-160x107.jpg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2025/04/032725-Evident-Bakersfield-EM-CM-12-copy-1536x1024.jpg 1536w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2025/04/032725-Evident-Bakersfield-EM-CM-12-copy-1920x1280.jpg 1920w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 2000px) 100vw, 2000px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">A worker picks oranges on a farm outside of Bakersfield, Feb. 25, 2025. \u003ccite>(Kevin Clancy/CalMatters and Evident Media)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_12034936\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 2500px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-full wp-image-12034936\" src=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2025/04/Copy-of-KQED-side-by-side-downpage-image-2.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"2500\" height=\"833\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2025/04/Copy-of-KQED-side-by-side-downpage-image-2.jpg 2500w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2025/04/Copy-of-KQED-side-by-side-downpage-image-2-800x267.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2025/04/Copy-of-KQED-side-by-side-downpage-image-2-1020x340.jpg 1020w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2025/04/Copy-of-KQED-side-by-side-downpage-image-2-160x53.jpg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2025/04/Copy-of-KQED-side-by-side-downpage-image-2-1536x512.jpg 1536w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2025/04/Copy-of-KQED-side-by-side-downpage-image-2-2048x682.jpg 2048w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2025/04/Copy-of-KQED-side-by-side-downpage-image-2-1920x640.jpg 1920w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 2500px) 100vw, 2500px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Left: Oranges at a packaging facility outside of Bakersfield, on Feb. 27, 2025. Right: A worker at an orange packaging facility outside of Bakersfield, on Feb. 27, 2025. \u003ccite>(Kevin Clancy/CalMatters and Evident Media)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Creamer warned that the United States won’t have a food supply if agriculture doesn’t have a workforce in California and beyond. The USDA Economic Research services says that 42% of agricultural workers are undocumented. Lawmakers in Florida, which is the other major citrus provider, recently introduced legislation to loosen child labor laws to replace field workers following an immigration crackdown.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Ninety percent of the nation’s fresh citrus comes from California, according to Citrus Mutual. Zac Green, a citrus farmer in Kern County, said that, in the days after the raid, 85% of his workers stayed home out of fear. “We have to have that reliable workforce,” he said. “We’re feeding people.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Our people can go back to their communities and put their kids in school. They can buy homes, they can buy vehicles,” he said. “We’re here to work and provide for our families, and that’s what we’re trying to do.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Bree Bernwanger, a senior staff attorney with the ACLU, said she’s not surprised that Border Patrol had prior records on only one of the people arrested.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Border Patrol went on a fishing expedition in the Central Valley. They swarmed the highways and stopped people in agricultural areas,” she said. “People who are just driving down the road because they were brown or because they looked like farm workers. ”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The ACLU has asked for a restraining order to stop the agency from conducting similar raids within California while the lawsuit is being heard. The organization argues that Border Patrol must have reasonable suspicion a person is doing something unlawful.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“We’re asking a court to order them not to stop people — whether they’re driving down the road or whether they’re in a parking lot — not to stop them unless they have a reason,” Bernwanger said. “And someone looking Latino, looking like a farm worker, looking like a day laborer — those are not legal reasons.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_12034937\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 2000px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-full wp-image-12034937\" src=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2025/04/032725-Evident-Bakersfield-EM-CM-14-copy.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"2000\" height=\"1333\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2025/04/032725-Evident-Bakersfield-EM-CM-14-copy.jpg 2000w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2025/04/032725-Evident-Bakersfield-EM-CM-14-copy-800x533.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2025/04/032725-Evident-Bakersfield-EM-CM-14-copy-1020x680.jpg 1020w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2025/04/032725-Evident-Bakersfield-EM-CM-14-copy-160x107.jpg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2025/04/032725-Evident-Bakersfield-EM-CM-14-copy-1536x1024.jpg 1536w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2025/04/032725-Evident-Bakersfield-EM-CM-14-copy-1920x1280.jpg 1920w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 2000px) 100vw, 2000px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Workers pick oranges on a farm outside of Bakersfield, Feb. 25, 2025. \u003ccite>(Kevin Clancy/CalMatters and Evident Media)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>For his part, Bovino wants to use the Kern operation as a model for immigration enforcement across California.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“It’s game on — anywhere,” he said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“It could be Fresno, could be Sacramento, could be Stockton. You never know. We’re going to go where that threat is, and where we can do the most damage to bad people and bad things that we possibly can. That’s what we’re in the business of doing.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>This article was \u003ca href=\"https://calmatters.org/economy/2025/04/border-patrol-records-kern-county/\">originally published on CalMatters\u003c/a> and was republished under the \u003ca href=\"https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/\">Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives\u003c/a> license.\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cp>Two international students at California colleges are suing the federal government after they were among dozens in the state whose \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/news/12033555/trump-administration-advances-immigration-crackdown-on-foreign-student-protesters\">student visas were revoked\u003c/a> and whose records in a key federal database were terminated, effectively stripping them of the ability to continue studying in the United States.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The plaintiffs in both cases have been in the U.S. on student visas for more than five years, according to court filings. One is a student at \u003ca href=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2025/04/Student-Doe-2-v.-Noem_Complaint-4-6-25-2.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">a college in Orange County\u003c/a>, the other at \u003ca href=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2025/04/SEVIS-Student-Doe-1-4-5-25-Complaint-2.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">a college in the Inland Empire\u003c/a>. Both were listed in the lawsuits as “Student Doe” to protect their identities. A lawyer representing the students would not divulge where they were enrolled, citing the risk that they could be located and deported by U.S. Immigration and Customs Enforcement.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The lawsuits come as the Trump administration has revoked the visas of hundreds of international students (as well as recent graduates engaged in \u003ca href=\"https://www.uscis.gov/working-in-the-united-states/students-and-exchange-visitors/optional-practical-training-extension-for-stem-students-stem-opt\">a program that allows them to get professional training\u003c/a>), in many cases citing their \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/news/12030938/uc-berkeley-students-faculty-rally-against-trumps-push-to-deport-protesters\">involvement in pro-Palestinian activism\u003c/a> that administration officials have labeled pro-Hamas or antisemitic.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>At least 96 student visa holders in California have been affected in recent days: six at Stanford; 32 in the California State University system and at least 58 across multiple University of California campuses, including UC Davis, UC Berkeley, UCLA, UC San Diego, UC Irvine, UC Riverside and UC Santa Cruz, according to university officials.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“These actions create an uncertain and challenging environment for our campus community,” UC Berkeley Chancellor Richard Lyons said in \u003ca href=\"https://news.berkeley.edu/2025/04/07/a-message-about-recent-federal-visa-program-updates/\">a statement\u003c/a> Monday. “Your university supports, without reservation, the right and ability of immigrant and international students, staff, and faculty to participate fully in the campus experience.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_12032122\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 2000px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-full wp-image-12032122\" src=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2025/03/250319-UCBerkeleyProtest-03-BL.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"2000\" height=\"1333\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2025/03/250319-UCBerkeleyProtest-03-BL.jpg 2000w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2025/03/250319-UCBerkeleyProtest-03-BL-800x533.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2025/03/250319-UCBerkeleyProtest-03-BL-1020x680.jpg 1020w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2025/03/250319-UCBerkeleyProtest-03-BL-160x107.jpg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2025/03/250319-UCBerkeleyProtest-03-BL-1536x1024.jpg 1536w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2025/03/250319-UCBerkeleyProtest-03-BL-1920x1280.jpg 1920w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 2000px) 100vw, 2000px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Faculty, students, and supporters gather in Sproul Plaza at UC Berkeley on March 19, 2025, to protest the Trump administration’s scrutiny of campus protests and curriculum nationwide. \u003ccite>(Beth LaBerge/KQED)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Khaled Alrabe, a Berkeley-based attorney with the National Immigration Project, is representing the two Southern California students suing the federal government.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>He said universities and students themselves have been blindsided by a “mass and abrupt cancellation of student statuses” that gained steam last week. The NLG estimates the number of revoked visas could exceed 1,000 nationally.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“It’s all across the country, not just in California. It’s just been nonstop,” Alrabe said. “We believe that these cancellations are unlawful, and we’re still trying to figure out a pattern. But people should be very concerned because it seems to be extremely broad and affecting all types of students.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>There were more than \u003ca href=\"https://opendoorsdata.org/data/international-students/\">1.1 million international students in the U.S.\u003c/a> last year, including 140,858 in California, according to federal data compiled by the Institute of International Education.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Alrabe said many, but not all, students targeted were from Arab or Asian countries. Students who had been involved in political activism or had minor criminal offenses seemed to be a focus, he added.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Each of the two California students who sued had a misdemeanor conviction — one for reckless driving, the other for driving under the influence of alcohol. But that’s not enough to justify terminating their student status, according to Alrabe. Rather, the threshold under immigration law is \u003ca href=\"https://www.ecfr.gov/current/title-8/chapter-I/subchapter-B/part-214/subpart-A/section-214.1\">a conviction for “a crime of violence”\u003c/a> with a potential sentence of more than a year.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Neither student has a history of activism, Alrabe said, but both are from predominantly Muslim countries. In each case, the government cited a \u003ca href=\"https://codes.findlaw.com/us/title-8-aliens-and-nationality/8-usc-sect-1227/\">seldom-used provision of immigration law\u003c/a> that says a non-citizen is deportable if their “presence or activities in the United States the Secretary of State has reasonable ground to believe would have potentially serious adverse foreign policy consequences.”\u003c/p>\n\u003ch2>‘We believe these terminations are unlawful’\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>The two lawsuits challenge ICE for terminating their records in the agency’s \u003ca href=\"https://www.ice.gov/sevis\">Student and Exchange Visitor Information Systems (SEVIS) database\u003c/a> rather than taking on the State Department for canceling their F-1 student visas. The SEVIS termination effectively ends their legal basis for remaining in the country and puts them at risk of deportation.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The students argue that ICE lacks legal grounds for terminating them because they met all the requirements for student status.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_12024749\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 2000px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-full wp-image-12024749\" src=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2025/01/20250129_UCBerkeleyRally_GC-26.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"2000\" height=\"1333\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2025/01/20250129_UCBerkeleyRally_GC-26.jpg 2000w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2025/01/20250129_UCBerkeleyRally_GC-26-800x533.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2025/01/20250129_UCBerkeleyRally_GC-26-1020x680.jpg 1020w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2025/01/20250129_UCBerkeleyRally_GC-26-160x107.jpg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2025/01/20250129_UCBerkeleyRally_GC-26-1536x1024.jpg 1536w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2025/01/20250129_UCBerkeleyRally_GC-26-1920x1280.jpg 1920w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 2000px) 100vw, 2000px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Students and supporters rally in response to the mass deportations ordered by the Trump administration at Sproul Plaza on the University of California, Berkeley campus on Wednesday, Jan. 29, 2025. \u003ccite>(Gina Castro/KQED)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>“We believe these terminations are unlawful,” Alrabe said. “The fact that the students have maintained lawful status, have been in compliance with all the requirements of their student status, and yet still are being punished, is very concerning.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>ICE did not respond to KQED’s request for comment by press time. In a statement Monday, the U.S. State Department said it has “zero tolerance for non-citizens who violate U.S. laws.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Those who break the law, including students, may face visa refusal, visa revocation, and/or deportation,” the statement read in part. “The Department revokes visas every day in order to secure America’s borders and keep our communities safe — and will continue to do so.”\u003c/p>\n\u003ch2>Activists targeted nationwide\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>Last month, several students critical of Israel’s bombardment of Gaza were \u003ca href=\"https://www.npr.org/2025/03/28/nx-s1-5342680/rubio-says-300-visas-have-been-revoked-as-trump-cracks-down-on-student-activism\">arrested by ICE\u003c/a>, including Columbia University graduate Mahmoud Khalil, a lawful permanent resident, and Tufts University international student Rumeysa Ozturk. Both are being held in an immigration detention in Louisiana.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In those cases, Secretary of State Marco Rubio cited foreign policy grounds as a reason to revoke Ozturk’s visa and even Khalil’s green card (a move that would require an immigration judge’s approval).[aside postID=news_12033446 hero='https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2025/03/DonaldTrump100DaysGetty-1020x680.jpg']“We gave you a visa to come and study and get a degree, not to become a social activist that tears up our university campuses,” Rubio said at a \u003ca href=\"https://www.state.gov/secretary-of-state-marco-rubio-and-guyanese-president-irfaan-ali-at-a-joint-press-availability/\">March 27 news conference\u003c/a>. “Every time I find one of these lunatics, I take away their visa.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Now, the visa revocations in California have put students here in a “tailspin,” said Zahra Billoo, executive director of the Bay Area chapter of the Council on American-Islamic Relations.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“We have been receiving inquiries from other visa holders, as well as, by the way, from U.S. citizens who are asking, could they be next?” she said. “This administration has been very troubling in its open and flagrant disregard of due process.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Billoo is counseling concerned students to seek legal advice and not allow law enforcement into their homes without a judicial warrant. She added that CAIR believes students with immigration concerns may be safer if they remain in the public eye rather than trying to stay below the radar.\u003c/p>\n\u003ch2>Higher education under pressure\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>So far, none of the California universities have indicated that students have been arrested by ICE or deported, except for one UC San Diego student who university officials said was “detained at the border, denied entry and deported to their home country.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>None of the university officials contacted by KQED was willing to be interviewed about the visa revocations. And their statements ranged from terse to more expansive.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11338392\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 1920px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"wp-image-11338392 size-full\" src=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2017/02/uc-davis-1920-1.jpg\" alt=\"UC Davis campus police are investigating anti-Semitic flyers posted on and near the campus on Monday.\" width=\"1920\" height=\"1280\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2017/02/uc-davis-1920-1.jpg 1920w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2017/02/uc-davis-1920-1-160x107.jpg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2017/02/uc-davis-1920-1-800x533.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2017/02/uc-davis-1920-1-1020x680.jpg 1020w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2017/02/uc-davis-1920-1-1180x787.jpg 1180w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2017/02/uc-davis-1920-1-960x640.jpg 960w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2017/02/uc-davis-1920-1-240x160.jpg 240w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2017/02/uc-davis-1920-1-375x250.jpg 375w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2017/02/uc-davis-1920-1-520x347.jpg 520w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 1920px) 100vw, 1920px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">The UC Davis campus on Feb. 28, 2017. UC Davis Chancellor Gary May addressed the Davis community this week after the termination of F-1 visas for seven students and five recent graduates, stating the university is offering support resources to those impacted. \u003ccite>(Christian Ostrosky/Flickr)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>The University of California Office of the President issued \u003ca href=\"https://www.universityofcalifornia.edu/press-room/university-california-statement-international-students-visa-status-terminations\">a one-paragraph statement \u003c/a>that read in part: “We are committed to doing what we can to support all members of our community as they exercise their rights under the law. In doing that, the University will continue to follow all applicable state and federal laws.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>At UC Davis, where seven students and five recent graduates had their F-1 visas terminated, \u003ca href=\"https://www.ucdavis.edu/news/statement-chancellor-gary-s-may-federal-immigration-enforcement-actions\">Chancellor Gary May released a statement Saturday\u003c/a> saying he recognized the distress students might be feeling and adding that the university was providing resources for those who have been affected.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“We reiterate our strong support for our international students and want all of our students, staff and faculty to know we support your ability to work, learn, teach and thrive here,” May said. “We are committed to upholding the law, and we expect local, state and federal agencies to do the same. At the same time, we will continue to advocate at every level of government for the rights and safety of all our community members.”[aside postID=news_12024593 hero='https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2025/01/20250129_UcBerkeleyRally_GC-1-1020x680.jpg']May said the federal government has not explained the reasons behind the terminations. He added that federal agents had not entered the campus or taken any member of the community into custody.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Stanford University officials emphasized that they keep student and personnel records private and will not share information with immigration agencies unless legally compelled to do so.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"https://immigration.stanford.edu\">A statement on the Stanford website\u003c/a> added: “Consistent with the approach of law enforcement agencies in Santa Clara County, [campus public safety] does not inquire about immigration status in the normal course of its duties and will not participate with other agencies in immigration enforcement activities unless legally required to do so.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The visa terminations come at a time when scores of U.S. universities are facing pressure as the Trump administration threatens to withhold \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/news/12030313/uc-berkeley-scientists-protest-trump-administrations-cuts-to-research-funding\">billions of dollars in research funding\u003c/a> and has launched investigations into campus diversity initiatives and \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/news/12034221/trump-administration-subpoenas-uc-faculty-information-antisemitism-investigation\">alleged tolerance of antisemitism\u003c/a>. Late last month, Pomona College said it’s \u003ca href=\"https://www.pomona.edu/administration/president/statements/posts/update-congressional-inquiry\">cooperating with a congressional committee’s request for information\u003c/a> related to campus protests but would protect the privacy of student information.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“This should be viewed in the context of the larger environment we’re in, where there is targeting of not just students for ideological reasons, but also universities,” Alrabe said. “This is a broader issue. And this is just the beginning of a pattern that is quite concerning.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad floatright]\u003c/p>\n",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>Two international students at California colleges are suing the federal government after they were among dozens in the state whose \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/news/12033555/trump-administration-advances-immigration-crackdown-on-foreign-student-protesters\">student visas were revoked\u003c/a> and whose records in a key federal database were terminated, effectively stripping them of the ability to continue studying in the United States.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The plaintiffs in both cases have been in the U.S. on student visas for more than five years, according to court filings. One is a student at \u003ca href=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2025/04/Student-Doe-2-v.-Noem_Complaint-4-6-25-2.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">a college in Orange County\u003c/a>, the other at \u003ca href=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2025/04/SEVIS-Student-Doe-1-4-5-25-Complaint-2.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">a college in the Inland Empire\u003c/a>. Both were listed in the lawsuits as “Student Doe” to protect their identities. A lawyer representing the students would not divulge where they were enrolled, citing the risk that they could be located and deported by U.S. Immigration and Customs Enforcement.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The lawsuits come as the Trump administration has revoked the visas of hundreds of international students (as well as recent graduates engaged in \u003ca href=\"https://www.uscis.gov/working-in-the-united-states/students-and-exchange-visitors/optional-practical-training-extension-for-stem-students-stem-opt\">a program that allows them to get professional training\u003c/a>), in many cases citing their \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/news/12030938/uc-berkeley-students-faculty-rally-against-trumps-push-to-deport-protesters\">involvement in pro-Palestinian activism\u003c/a> that administration officials have labeled pro-Hamas or antisemitic.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>At least 96 student visa holders in California have been affected in recent days: six at Stanford; 32 in the California State University system and at least 58 across multiple University of California campuses, including UC Davis, UC Berkeley, UCLA, UC San Diego, UC Irvine, UC Riverside and UC Santa Cruz, according to university officials.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“These actions create an uncertain and challenging environment for our campus community,” UC Berkeley Chancellor Richard Lyons said in \u003ca href=\"https://news.berkeley.edu/2025/04/07/a-message-about-recent-federal-visa-program-updates/\">a statement\u003c/a> Monday. “Your university supports, without reservation, the right and ability of immigrant and international students, staff, and faculty to participate fully in the campus experience.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_12032122\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 2000px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-full wp-image-12032122\" src=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2025/03/250319-UCBerkeleyProtest-03-BL.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"2000\" height=\"1333\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2025/03/250319-UCBerkeleyProtest-03-BL.jpg 2000w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2025/03/250319-UCBerkeleyProtest-03-BL-800x533.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2025/03/250319-UCBerkeleyProtest-03-BL-1020x680.jpg 1020w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2025/03/250319-UCBerkeleyProtest-03-BL-160x107.jpg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2025/03/250319-UCBerkeleyProtest-03-BL-1536x1024.jpg 1536w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2025/03/250319-UCBerkeleyProtest-03-BL-1920x1280.jpg 1920w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 2000px) 100vw, 2000px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Faculty, students, and supporters gather in Sproul Plaza at UC Berkeley on March 19, 2025, to protest the Trump administration’s scrutiny of campus protests and curriculum nationwide. \u003ccite>(Beth LaBerge/KQED)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Khaled Alrabe, a Berkeley-based attorney with the National Immigration Project, is representing the two Southern California students suing the federal government.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>He said universities and students themselves have been blindsided by a “mass and abrupt cancellation of student statuses” that gained steam last week. The NLG estimates the number of revoked visas could exceed 1,000 nationally.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“It’s all across the country, not just in California. It’s just been nonstop,” Alrabe said. “We believe that these cancellations are unlawful, and we’re still trying to figure out a pattern. But people should be very concerned because it seems to be extremely broad and affecting all types of students.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>There were more than \u003ca href=\"https://opendoorsdata.org/data/international-students/\">1.1 million international students in the U.S.\u003c/a> last year, including 140,858 in California, according to federal data compiled by the Institute of International Education.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Alrabe said many, but not all, students targeted were from Arab or Asian countries. Students who had been involved in political activism or had minor criminal offenses seemed to be a focus, he added.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Each of the two California students who sued had a misdemeanor conviction — one for reckless driving, the other for driving under the influence of alcohol. But that’s not enough to justify terminating their student status, according to Alrabe. Rather, the threshold under immigration law is \u003ca href=\"https://www.ecfr.gov/current/title-8/chapter-I/subchapter-B/part-214/subpart-A/section-214.1\">a conviction for “a crime of violence”\u003c/a> with a potential sentence of more than a year.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Neither student has a history of activism, Alrabe said, but both are from predominantly Muslim countries. In each case, the government cited a \u003ca href=\"https://codes.findlaw.com/us/title-8-aliens-and-nationality/8-usc-sect-1227/\">seldom-used provision of immigration law\u003c/a> that says a non-citizen is deportable if their “presence or activities in the United States the Secretary of State has reasonable ground to believe would have potentially serious adverse foreign policy consequences.”\u003c/p>\n\u003ch2>‘We believe these terminations are unlawful’\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>The two lawsuits challenge ICE for terminating their records in the agency’s \u003ca href=\"https://www.ice.gov/sevis\">Student and Exchange Visitor Information Systems (SEVIS) database\u003c/a> rather than taking on the State Department for canceling their F-1 student visas. The SEVIS termination effectively ends their legal basis for remaining in the country and puts them at risk of deportation.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The students argue that ICE lacks legal grounds for terminating them because they met all the requirements for student status.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_12024749\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 2000px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-full wp-image-12024749\" src=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2025/01/20250129_UCBerkeleyRally_GC-26.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"2000\" height=\"1333\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2025/01/20250129_UCBerkeleyRally_GC-26.jpg 2000w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2025/01/20250129_UCBerkeleyRally_GC-26-800x533.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2025/01/20250129_UCBerkeleyRally_GC-26-1020x680.jpg 1020w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2025/01/20250129_UCBerkeleyRally_GC-26-160x107.jpg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2025/01/20250129_UCBerkeleyRally_GC-26-1536x1024.jpg 1536w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2025/01/20250129_UCBerkeleyRally_GC-26-1920x1280.jpg 1920w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 2000px) 100vw, 2000px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Students and supporters rally in response to the mass deportations ordered by the Trump administration at Sproul Plaza on the University of California, Berkeley campus on Wednesday, Jan. 29, 2025. \u003ccite>(Gina Castro/KQED)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>“We believe these terminations are unlawful,” Alrabe said. “The fact that the students have maintained lawful status, have been in compliance with all the requirements of their student status, and yet still are being punished, is very concerning.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>ICE did not respond to KQED’s request for comment by press time. In a statement Monday, the U.S. State Department said it has “zero tolerance for non-citizens who violate U.S. laws.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Those who break the law, including students, may face visa refusal, visa revocation, and/or deportation,” the statement read in part. “The Department revokes visas every day in order to secure America’s borders and keep our communities safe — and will continue to do so.”\u003c/p>\n\u003ch2>Activists targeted nationwide\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>Last month, several students critical of Israel’s bombardment of Gaza were \u003ca href=\"https://www.npr.org/2025/03/28/nx-s1-5342680/rubio-says-300-visas-have-been-revoked-as-trump-cracks-down-on-student-activism\">arrested by ICE\u003c/a>, including Columbia University graduate Mahmoud Khalil, a lawful permanent resident, and Tufts University international student Rumeysa Ozturk. Both are being held in an immigration detention in Louisiana.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In those cases, Secretary of State Marco Rubio cited foreign policy grounds as a reason to revoke Ozturk’s visa and even Khalil’s green card (a move that would require an immigration judge’s approval).\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>“We gave you a visa to come and study and get a degree, not to become a social activist that tears up our university campuses,” Rubio said at a \u003ca href=\"https://www.state.gov/secretary-of-state-marco-rubio-and-guyanese-president-irfaan-ali-at-a-joint-press-availability/\">March 27 news conference\u003c/a>. “Every time I find one of these lunatics, I take away their visa.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Now, the visa revocations in California have put students here in a “tailspin,” said Zahra Billoo, executive director of the Bay Area chapter of the Council on American-Islamic Relations.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“We have been receiving inquiries from other visa holders, as well as, by the way, from U.S. citizens who are asking, could they be next?” she said. “This administration has been very troubling in its open and flagrant disregard of due process.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Billoo is counseling concerned students to seek legal advice and not allow law enforcement into their homes without a judicial warrant. She added that CAIR believes students with immigration concerns may be safer if they remain in the public eye rather than trying to stay below the radar.\u003c/p>\n\u003ch2>Higher education under pressure\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>So far, none of the California universities have indicated that students have been arrested by ICE or deported, except for one UC San Diego student who university officials said was “detained at the border, denied entry and deported to their home country.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>None of the university officials contacted by KQED was willing to be interviewed about the visa revocations. And their statements ranged from terse to more expansive.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11338392\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 1920px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"wp-image-11338392 size-full\" src=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2017/02/uc-davis-1920-1.jpg\" alt=\"UC Davis campus police are investigating anti-Semitic flyers posted on and near the campus on Monday.\" width=\"1920\" height=\"1280\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2017/02/uc-davis-1920-1.jpg 1920w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2017/02/uc-davis-1920-1-160x107.jpg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2017/02/uc-davis-1920-1-800x533.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2017/02/uc-davis-1920-1-1020x680.jpg 1020w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2017/02/uc-davis-1920-1-1180x787.jpg 1180w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2017/02/uc-davis-1920-1-960x640.jpg 960w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2017/02/uc-davis-1920-1-240x160.jpg 240w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2017/02/uc-davis-1920-1-375x250.jpg 375w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2017/02/uc-davis-1920-1-520x347.jpg 520w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 1920px) 100vw, 1920px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">The UC Davis campus on Feb. 28, 2017. UC Davis Chancellor Gary May addressed the Davis community this week after the termination of F-1 visas for seven students and five recent graduates, stating the university is offering support resources to those impacted. \u003ccite>(Christian Ostrosky/Flickr)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>The University of California Office of the President issued \u003ca href=\"https://www.universityofcalifornia.edu/press-room/university-california-statement-international-students-visa-status-terminations\">a one-paragraph statement \u003c/a>that read in part: “We are committed to doing what we can to support all members of our community as they exercise their rights under the law. In doing that, the University will continue to follow all applicable state and federal laws.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>At UC Davis, where seven students and five recent graduates had their F-1 visas terminated, \u003ca href=\"https://www.ucdavis.edu/news/statement-chancellor-gary-s-may-federal-immigration-enforcement-actions\">Chancellor Gary May released a statement Saturday\u003c/a> saying he recognized the distress students might be feeling and adding that the university was providing resources for those who have been affected.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“We reiterate our strong support for our international students and want all of our students, staff and faculty to know we support your ability to work, learn, teach and thrive here,” May said. “We are committed to upholding the law, and we expect local, state and federal agencies to do the same. At the same time, we will continue to advocate at every level of government for the rights and safety of all our community members.”\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>May said the federal government has not explained the reasons behind the terminations. He added that federal agents had not entered the campus or taken any member of the community into custody.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Stanford University officials emphasized that they keep student and personnel records private and will not share information with immigration agencies unless legally compelled to do so.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"https://immigration.stanford.edu\">A statement on the Stanford website\u003c/a> added: “Consistent with the approach of law enforcement agencies in Santa Clara County, [campus public safety] does not inquire about immigration status in the normal course of its duties and will not participate with other agencies in immigration enforcement activities unless legally required to do so.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The visa terminations come at a time when scores of U.S. universities are facing pressure as the Trump administration threatens to withhold \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/news/12030313/uc-berkeley-scientists-protest-trump-administrations-cuts-to-research-funding\">billions of dollars in research funding\u003c/a> and has launched investigations into campus diversity initiatives and \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/news/12034221/trump-administration-subpoenas-uc-faculty-information-antisemitism-investigation\">alleged tolerance of antisemitism\u003c/a>. Late last month, Pomona College said it’s \u003ca href=\"https://www.pomona.edu/administration/president/statements/posts/update-congressional-inquiry\">cooperating with a congressional committee’s request for information\u003c/a> related to campus protests but would protect the privacy of student information.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“This should be viewed in the context of the larger environment we’re in, where there is targeting of not just students for ideological reasons, but also universities,” Alrabe said. “This is a broader issue. And this is just the beginning of a pattern that is quite concerning.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"slug": "hes-a-decorated-war-vet-but-a-convicted-criminal-ice-wants-to-deport-him",
"title": "He's a Decorated War Vet but a Convicted Criminal. ICE Wants to Deport Him",
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"content": "\u003cp>This week several dozen Venezuelan nationals were transferred from a U.S. immigration detention center in south Texas and boarded a deportation flight to their home country.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Among them was 39-year-old Jose Barco, a decorated American soldier who deployed twice to Iraq, saw horrific combat and received a Purple Heart after an explosion tossed him through the air and left him with a traumatic brain injury.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>He was just four years old when his family left Venezuela, a country his father fled to after he was being released as a political prisoner in Cuba. Jose Barco’s fellow inmates in Texas, most of them much younger, simply call him “Cuba.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>How an American veteran, a father of a 15-year-old daughter, found himself inside this sprawling detention center outside Corpus Christi, Texas, waiting for a flight to a country he barely knows is a tortured tale of battlefield trauma, bureaucratic bumbling and eventually, a serious crime.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“His situation is incredibly complex and tragic,” said Anna Stout, a former mayor of Grand Junction, Colo., who is helping his family, told NPR. “It’s the story of multiple failures of the U.S. military when it comes to one of its own soldiers, of a man who fought and bled for the United States believing he was earning his right to be called an American only to find himself in deportation proceedings, and of the tragic intersection of a new age of immigration policy and unfortunate parole timing.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>On Thursday Barco’s journey took another unexpected twist: When he arrived in Honduras en route to Venezuela, the Venezuelan authorities there refused to take him. According to his family, the Venezuelan immigration officials didn’t believe Barco’s birth certificate was genuine; they said it looked too new. They said his accent sounded Cuban to them, plus he didn’t know his Venezuelan national identity card number (called a \u003cem>cedula\u003c/em>). One even told Barco it wouldn’t be good for him in Venezuela, because he has no family there.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Barco now sits, again, at a U.S. detention center, this time at Port Isabel, near Los Fresnos, Texas, wondering what country will take him — if not the one he risked his life for in Iraq.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“I feel very scared for him,” said his wife, Tia. “America should not be sending a decorated veteran to Venezuela.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Now that Venezuela also has rejected him she said, “We have no clue how to navigate this as of now. This whole ordeal has been unimaginable.”\u003c/p>\n\u003ch2>An act of heroism\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>Barco deployed to Iraq in the summer of 2004 with a unit from Fort Carson in Colorado Springs, Colo. He was a private with Charlie Company, from the 1st Battalion of the 506th Regiment. His unit was in western Iraq, at a time of fierce fighting against insurgent forces and car bombs. While Barco was on patrol in November with his platoon, a car laden with explosives swerved and went airborne, erupting in flames.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_12034554\" class=\"wp-caption alignright\" style=\"max-width: 800px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-medium wp-image-12034554\" src=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2025/04/npr.brightspotcdn-1-copy-3-800x1076.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"800\" height=\"1076\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2025/04/npr.brightspotcdn-1-copy-3-800x1076.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2025/04/npr.brightspotcdn-1-copy-3-1020x1371.jpg 1020w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2025/04/npr.brightspotcdn-1-copy-3-160x215.jpg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2025/04/npr.brightspotcdn-1-copy-3-1143x1536.jpg 1143w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2025/04/npr.brightspotcdn-1-copy-3-1523x2048.jpg 1523w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2025/04/npr.brightspotcdn-1-copy-3.jpg 1600w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">A portrait of Jose Barco when he first enlisted in 2003. \u003ccite>(Courtesy of Tia Barco)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Ryan Krebbs was the company medic. As he was treating a wounded soldier amid the dust and smoke, he spotted Barco lifting the front end of the burning car, which had two soldiers pinned underneath it. “They were unconscious when he pulled them out,” Krebbs remembered. “[Barco] was on fire after lifting the car.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Barco said he remembered none of that, only being thrown against a wall.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“I kind of remember the impact of the explosion,” Barco told the PBS series \u003cem>Frontline\u003c/em>, which aired a story in 2010 about his unit called \u003ca href=\"https://www.pbs.org/wgbh/pages/frontline/woundedplatoon/\">\u003cem>The Wounded Platoon\u003c/em>\u003c/a>. “They told me I was just walking around. Walking around in circles or whatever, just cursing out loud. But I don’t remember that.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Barco was treated for burns to his hands and thigh, as well as a lacerated lip. But \u003cem>Frontline\u003c/em> reported there was no record that he lost consciousness for several minutes or any suspicion of a possible brain injury. So Barco soon received further treatment at Brooke Army Medical Center in Texas for burns but no treatment for traumatic brain injury (TBI).\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Months later, Barco noticed ringing in his ears, and military doctors at Fort Carson realized he had a head injury stemming from the November 2004 explosion, according to \u003cem>Frontline\u003c/em>. He could have received a medical discharge with benefits, but he wanted to go back to Iraq, telling them he was fit for duty.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Barco was told that his burns and hearing loss qualified him for an honorable medical retirement from the Army, which would leave him with a lifelong pension and free healthcare with the VA.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But Barco pressed his doctors to let him return to his unit,\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>even though he was suffering from nightmares and sleeplessness.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[aside postID=forum_2010101909406 hero='https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/43/2025/03/immigration-1020x574.jpg']\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“I told my doctors, ‘Hey, I want, like, to go back,” Barco said in the documentary. “They were looking at me like, ‘No way, you’re crazy, you should get evaluated, psychologically. They worked with me and they lowered my profile and they dropped everything. Cause, you know, if you want to go, they’re going to let you go, unless you’re paralyzed or something like that. They need people.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Barco made it back to Iraq in the fall of 2006, during the surge of forces meant to tamp down the increasing sectarian violence. A few months before this, on July 6, one of Barco’s commanding officers, Lt. Col. Michael “Hutch” Hutchinson, helped him fill out the forms to become a naturalized citizen. For noncitizens, one of the promises of joining the military is that it’s a path to U.S. citizenship.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“I distinctly remember Jose Barco completing and submitting his application for United States citizenship,” Hutchinson wrote in a February 2025 memo for immigration officials. “He was fully eligible and with processing timelines at USCIS at the time should have been approved by the end of calendar year 2006. … At some point the packet was lost and we have not been able to find a chain of custody document.”\u003c/p>\n\u003ch2>Criminal behavior\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>By the time he returned home in December 2007, Barco’s TBI symptoms worsened after he was exposed to still more explosions in Iraq, telling doctors he felt dazed and had memory problems. He was prescribed a variety of drugs, from Tylenol to Buspar, a psychoactive anti-anxiety drug. Barco said the drugs didn’t help. He was discharged in 2008, when he was 23.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Steve Xenakis, a retired Army brigadier general and psychiatrist, said Barco’s injuries happened when the Army had yet to understand these types of hidden wounds.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“This was at a time when the Army was not acknowledging the significant effects of blast concussions,” Xenakis said, adding that such a head injury can aggravate PTSD. “You really can’t control your emotions. You become irrational, impulsive.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[aside postID=news_12034004 hero='https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2025/01/250122-OaklandImmigrants-13-BL-1020x680.jpg']\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>What happened next with Barco, Xenakis said, was “not surprising at all.” His mental health problems turned into criminal behavior.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In April, 2008, Barco was driving past a house party in Colorado Springs, where he had earlier that night been kicked out for firing a bullet into a basement ceiling.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Barco pulled out a handgun and shot into a crowd of teenagers standing on a porch. A bullet struck 19-year-old Ginny Clemens, who was pregnant. It left her with a serious leg injury. Clemens declined to speak with NPR through a relative. Barco has said he has no memory of what happened.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Barco was eventually charged with two counts of attempted first-degree murder and one count of menacing. Fourth Judicial District Judge Larry Schwartz sentenced him to 52 years, calling the crime “stunning in its lack of compassion. It brings considerable dishonor upon the uniform you wore,” according to a story in the \u003ca href=\"https://gazette.com/news/ex-soldier-who-wounded-pregnant-woman-sentenced-to-52-years/article_32572acc-123c-529d-8e10-1e2ab5e29d85.html\">\u003cem>Colorado Springs Gazette\u003c/em>\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Barco ended up spending 15 years in prison, where he was a model prisoner, teaching English and math. And for good behavior, his sentence was reduced. A parole board released him on his first hearing. He walked out of prison on Jan. 21, 2025, one day after President Trump was inaugurated where he vowed to crack down on crime and illegal immigration.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Barco planned on heading to a family reunion in Florida. Instead he saw agents from Immigration and Customs Enforcement (ICE) waiting for him. He was hustled into a van.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“I was shocked. I told my case manager, ‘This is a joke, right? I’m a retired veteran,'” Barco told the \u003cem>Gazette\u003c/em>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Ryan Krebbs, the former Army medic, and Barco’s wife, Tia, said they hired a private lawyer and paid $400 for a consultation, then found a pro bono lawyer in Colorado to help with his case. But when Barco was transferred to Texas they searched in vain for another pro bono immigration lawyer. The ones they contacted were too busy.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>They reached out to the American Civil Liberties Union but were told the ACLU does not take individual immigration cases.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Barco was ordered to be deported to Venezuela by Assistant Chief Immigration Judge Mathew Kaufman in February at Aurora, Colo. Barco said he was not interested in appealing, even though the judge asked, “Are you sure?” Barco later told his brother he was “disillusioned and tired. Send me to a country that will accept me, since my country doesn’t,” according to the \u003cem>Gazette\u003c/em>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Jose’s spirit’s just broken,” said Krebbs, the medic. “They defeated him for sure.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Krebbs and the other supporters tell NPR they won’t give up. They hope he can maybe get to Mexico where he can get access to better health care and a better life. They are also hoping that Democratic Colorado Gov. Jared Polis will pardon him, opening Barco up again to possible American citizenship. NPR reached out to Polis’ office, which did not comment before publication.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“He’s an American and that’s how he sees himself,” Krebbs said. “He’s a disabled combat veteran who saved people that day. In my eyes he’s an American hero.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Krebbs can understand how some, including Ginny Clemens and her family, could find no sympathy for Barco. “What he did was awful. He knows what he did was wrong. He served his time and should be allowed another chance,” Krebbs said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Hutchinson, the Army officer, said in his February memo to immigration authorities that Barco’s “peculiar legal residence status puts him at extreme risk of personal harm if he is extradited.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In an interview with NPR, Hutchinson said, “If you cherry pick the facts of his story we could call him a hero or a villain.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Still, he called Barco an “upstanding person,” who did his time, adding his story is “a symbol of how the prison system is supposed to work.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“It boggles the mind. How you can pin a Purple Heart on someone and not give them citizenship,” said Danitza James with the League of United Latin American Citizens. The organization is tracking some 400 veterans who have been deported or are in that process, going back to the early 1990s.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>James is\u003cstrong> \u003c/strong>a two-tour combat veteran who served as a gunner on convoys in Iraq. She held a green card at the time, and twice had her citizenship ceremony cancelled because the Army ordered her to redeploy. When she left the military she was still not a citizen, James says, and she was later naturalized when she married another soldier.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“ I left the military with an expired green card,” says James.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>James says LULAC is urging politicians in Texas and Colorado to intervene and let Barco be moved to a VA hospital for medical evaluation.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Tia Barco, who is American, said ICE agents earlier this week asked her husband about his citizenship application from 2006.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“But he didn’t ask why they were inquiring,” she said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>NPR reached out to ICE for comment, but they didn’t respond.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad floatright]\u003c/p>\n",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>This week several dozen Venezuelan nationals were transferred from a U.S. immigration detention center in south Texas and boarded a deportation flight to their home country.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Among them was 39-year-old Jose Barco, a decorated American soldier who deployed twice to Iraq, saw horrific combat and received a Purple Heart after an explosion tossed him through the air and left him with a traumatic brain injury.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>He was just four years old when his family left Venezuela, a country his father fled to after he was being released as a political prisoner in Cuba. Jose Barco’s fellow inmates in Texas, most of them much younger, simply call him “Cuba.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>How an American veteran, a father of a 15-year-old daughter, found himself inside this sprawling detention center outside Corpus Christi, Texas, waiting for a flight to a country he barely knows is a tortured tale of battlefield trauma, bureaucratic bumbling and eventually, a serious crime.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“His situation is incredibly complex and tragic,” said Anna Stout, a former mayor of Grand Junction, Colo., who is helping his family, told NPR. “It’s the story of multiple failures of the U.S. military when it comes to one of its own soldiers, of a man who fought and bled for the United States believing he was earning his right to be called an American only to find himself in deportation proceedings, and of the tragic intersection of a new age of immigration policy and unfortunate parole timing.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>On Thursday Barco’s journey took another unexpected twist: When he arrived in Honduras en route to Venezuela, the Venezuelan authorities there refused to take him. According to his family, the Venezuelan immigration officials didn’t believe Barco’s birth certificate was genuine; they said it looked too new. They said his accent sounded Cuban to them, plus he didn’t know his Venezuelan national identity card number (called a \u003cem>cedula\u003c/em>). One even told Barco it wouldn’t be good for him in Venezuela, because he has no family there.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Barco now sits, again, at a U.S. detention center, this time at Port Isabel, near Los Fresnos, Texas, wondering what country will take him — if not the one he risked his life for in Iraq.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“I feel very scared for him,” said his wife, Tia. “America should not be sending a decorated veteran to Venezuela.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Now that Venezuela also has rejected him she said, “We have no clue how to navigate this as of now. This whole ordeal has been unimaginable.”\u003c/p>\n\u003ch2>An act of heroism\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>Barco deployed to Iraq in the summer of 2004 with a unit from Fort Carson in Colorado Springs, Colo. He was a private with Charlie Company, from the 1st Battalion of the 506th Regiment. His unit was in western Iraq, at a time of fierce fighting against insurgent forces and car bombs. While Barco was on patrol in November with his platoon, a car laden with explosives swerved and went airborne, erupting in flames.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_12034554\" class=\"wp-caption alignright\" style=\"max-width: 800px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-medium wp-image-12034554\" src=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2025/04/npr.brightspotcdn-1-copy-3-800x1076.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"800\" height=\"1076\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2025/04/npr.brightspotcdn-1-copy-3-800x1076.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2025/04/npr.brightspotcdn-1-copy-3-1020x1371.jpg 1020w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2025/04/npr.brightspotcdn-1-copy-3-160x215.jpg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2025/04/npr.brightspotcdn-1-copy-3-1143x1536.jpg 1143w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2025/04/npr.brightspotcdn-1-copy-3-1523x2048.jpg 1523w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2025/04/npr.brightspotcdn-1-copy-3.jpg 1600w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">A portrait of Jose Barco when he first enlisted in 2003. \u003ccite>(Courtesy of Tia Barco)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Ryan Krebbs was the company medic. As he was treating a wounded soldier amid the dust and smoke, he spotted Barco lifting the front end of the burning car, which had two soldiers pinned underneath it. “They were unconscious when he pulled them out,” Krebbs remembered. “[Barco] was on fire after lifting the car.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Barco said he remembered none of that, only being thrown against a wall.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“I kind of remember the impact of the explosion,” Barco told the PBS series \u003cem>Frontline\u003c/em>, which aired a story in 2010 about his unit called \u003ca href=\"https://www.pbs.org/wgbh/pages/frontline/woundedplatoon/\">\u003cem>The Wounded Platoon\u003c/em>\u003c/a>. “They told me I was just walking around. Walking around in circles or whatever, just cursing out loud. But I don’t remember that.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Barco was treated for burns to his hands and thigh, as well as a lacerated lip. But \u003cem>Frontline\u003c/em> reported there was no record that he lost consciousness for several minutes or any suspicion of a possible brain injury. So Barco soon received further treatment at Brooke Army Medical Center in Texas for burns but no treatment for traumatic brain injury (TBI).\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Months later, Barco noticed ringing in his ears, and military doctors at Fort Carson realized he had a head injury stemming from the November 2004 explosion, according to \u003cem>Frontline\u003c/em>. He could have received a medical discharge with benefits, but he wanted to go back to Iraq, telling them he was fit for duty.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Barco was told that his burns and hearing loss qualified him for an honorable medical retirement from the Army, which would leave him with a lifelong pension and free healthcare with the VA.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But Barco pressed his doctors to let him return to his unit,\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>even though he was suffering from nightmares and sleeplessness.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“I told my doctors, ‘Hey, I want, like, to go back,” Barco said in the documentary. “They were looking at me like, ‘No way, you’re crazy, you should get evaluated, psychologically. They worked with me and they lowered my profile and they dropped everything. Cause, you know, if you want to go, they’re going to let you go, unless you’re paralyzed or something like that. They need people.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Barco made it back to Iraq in the fall of 2006, during the surge of forces meant to tamp down the increasing sectarian violence. A few months before this, on July 6, one of Barco’s commanding officers, Lt. Col. Michael “Hutch” Hutchinson, helped him fill out the forms to become a naturalized citizen. For noncitizens, one of the promises of joining the military is that it’s a path to U.S. citizenship.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“I distinctly remember Jose Barco completing and submitting his application for United States citizenship,” Hutchinson wrote in a February 2025 memo for immigration officials. “He was fully eligible and with processing timelines at USCIS at the time should have been approved by the end of calendar year 2006. … At some point the packet was lost and we have not been able to find a chain of custody document.”\u003c/p>\n\u003ch2>Criminal behavior\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>By the time he returned home in December 2007, Barco’s TBI symptoms worsened after he was exposed to still more explosions in Iraq, telling doctors he felt dazed and had memory problems. He was prescribed a variety of drugs, from Tylenol to Buspar, a psychoactive anti-anxiety drug. Barco said the drugs didn’t help. He was discharged in 2008, when he was 23.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Steve Xenakis, a retired Army brigadier general and psychiatrist, said Barco’s injuries happened when the Army had yet to understand these types of hidden wounds.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“This was at a time when the Army was not acknowledging the significant effects of blast concussions,” Xenakis said, adding that such a head injury can aggravate PTSD. “You really can’t control your emotions. You become irrational, impulsive.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>What happened next with Barco, Xenakis said, was “not surprising at all.” His mental health problems turned into criminal behavior.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In April, 2008, Barco was driving past a house party in Colorado Springs, where he had earlier that night been kicked out for firing a bullet into a basement ceiling.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Barco pulled out a handgun and shot into a crowd of teenagers standing on a porch. A bullet struck 19-year-old Ginny Clemens, who was pregnant. It left her with a serious leg injury. Clemens declined to speak with NPR through a relative. Barco has said he has no memory of what happened.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Barco was eventually charged with two counts of attempted first-degree murder and one count of menacing. Fourth Judicial District Judge Larry Schwartz sentenced him to 52 years, calling the crime “stunning in its lack of compassion. It brings considerable dishonor upon the uniform you wore,” according to a story in the \u003ca href=\"https://gazette.com/news/ex-soldier-who-wounded-pregnant-woman-sentenced-to-52-years/article_32572acc-123c-529d-8e10-1e2ab5e29d85.html\">\u003cem>Colorado Springs Gazette\u003c/em>\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Barco ended up spending 15 years in prison, where he was a model prisoner, teaching English and math. And for good behavior, his sentence was reduced. A parole board released him on his first hearing. He walked out of prison on Jan. 21, 2025, one day after President Trump was inaugurated where he vowed to crack down on crime and illegal immigration.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Barco planned on heading to a family reunion in Florida. Instead he saw agents from Immigration and Customs Enforcement (ICE) waiting for him. He was hustled into a van.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“I was shocked. I told my case manager, ‘This is a joke, right? I’m a retired veteran,'” Barco told the \u003cem>Gazette\u003c/em>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Ryan Krebbs, the former Army medic, and Barco’s wife, Tia, said they hired a private lawyer and paid $400 for a consultation, then found a pro bono lawyer in Colorado to help with his case. But when Barco was transferred to Texas they searched in vain for another pro bono immigration lawyer. The ones they contacted were too busy.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>They reached out to the American Civil Liberties Union but were told the ACLU does not take individual immigration cases.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Barco was ordered to be deported to Venezuela by Assistant Chief Immigration Judge Mathew Kaufman in February at Aurora, Colo. Barco said he was not interested in appealing, even though the judge asked, “Are you sure?” Barco later told his brother he was “disillusioned and tired. Send me to a country that will accept me, since my country doesn’t,” according to the \u003cem>Gazette\u003c/em>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Jose’s spirit’s just broken,” said Krebbs, the medic. “They defeated him for sure.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Krebbs and the other supporters tell NPR they won’t give up. They hope he can maybe get to Mexico where he can get access to better health care and a better life. They are also hoping that Democratic Colorado Gov. Jared Polis will pardon him, opening Barco up again to possible American citizenship. NPR reached out to Polis’ office, which did not comment before publication.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“He’s an American and that’s how he sees himself,” Krebbs said. “He’s a disabled combat veteran who saved people that day. In my eyes he’s an American hero.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Krebbs can understand how some, including Ginny Clemens and her family, could find no sympathy for Barco. “What he did was awful. He knows what he did was wrong. He served his time and should be allowed another chance,” Krebbs said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Hutchinson, the Army officer, said in his February memo to immigration authorities that Barco’s “peculiar legal residence status puts him at extreme risk of personal harm if he is extradited.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In an interview with NPR, Hutchinson said, “If you cherry pick the facts of his story we could call him a hero or a villain.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Still, he called Barco an “upstanding person,” who did his time, adding his story is “a symbol of how the prison system is supposed to work.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“It boggles the mind. How you can pin a Purple Heart on someone and not give them citizenship,” said Danitza James with the League of United Latin American Citizens. The organization is tracking some 400 veterans who have been deported or are in that process, going back to the early 1990s.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>James is\u003cstrong> \u003c/strong>a two-tour combat veteran who served as a gunner on convoys in Iraq. She held a green card at the time, and twice had her citizenship ceremony cancelled because the Army ordered her to redeploy. When she left the military she was still not a citizen, James says, and she was later naturalized when she married another soldier.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“ I left the military with an expired green card,” says James.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>James says LULAC is urging politicians in Texas and Colorado to intervene and let Barco be moved to a VA hospital for medical evaluation.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Tia Barco, who is American, said ICE agents earlier this week asked her husband about his citizenship application from 2006.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“But he didn’t ask why they were inquiring,” she said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>NPR reached out to ICE for comment, but they didn’t respond.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"slug": "angel-island-exhibit-aims-shine-light-border-surveillance-american-exclusion",
"title": "Angel Island Exhibit Aims to Shine Light on Border Surveillance, American Exclusion",
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"headTitle": "Angel Island Exhibit Aims to Shine Light on Border Surveillance, American Exclusion | KQED",
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"content": "\u003cp>As the Trump administration cracks down on \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/immigration\">immigration\u003c/a>, a new exhibit on Angel Island in the San Francisco Bay draws attention to the “virtual wall” that already looms over the \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/news/tag/u-s-mexico-border\">U.S.–Mexico border\u003c/a> — and the island’s past as a piece of exclusionary American immigration policy.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In the early 1900s, the Angel Island Immigration Museum was the site of a hospital and processing station for detained asylum seekers, most of them from China or other parts of Asia. Now, posters set out in the airy building display the blimp-like cameras and tall towers that surveil zones on the U.S.’s southern border.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Border communities are keenly aware of the license plate readers that can track their cars and the cameras that can peer into their backyards or at the jungle gyms where their kids play, according to Matthew Guariglia, a senior policy analyst at the Electronic Frontier Foundation, which installed the Angel Island State Park exhibit.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The exhibit, which opens Wednesday, “provides a kind of border surveillance 101” for others who might not be aware of the privacy-impeding technology already creating a barrier between the U.S. and its southern neighbor, Guariglia told KQED. “How much surveillance infrastructure there really is on the U.S.–Mexico border, what technology there is, and how it’s being used.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>For the past few years, the EFF has been conducting research along the southern border, identifying where surveillance equipment is and the ways that it can be disguised — like the seismic trail sensors that track movement and often look like rocks or litter scattered throughout the desert.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_12034023\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 2000px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-full wp-image-12034023\" src=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2025/04/AngelIsland1.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"2000\" height=\"1331\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2025/04/AngelIsland1.jpg 2000w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2025/04/AngelIsland1-800x532.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2025/04/AngelIsland1-1020x679.jpg 1020w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2025/04/AngelIsland1-160x106.jpg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2025/04/AngelIsland1-1536x1022.jpg 1536w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2025/04/AngelIsland1-1920x1278.jpg 1920w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 2000px) 100vw, 2000px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">A visitor observes the Electronic Frontier Foundation’s new exhibit at Angel Island State Park, “Border Surveillance: Places, People and Technology,” the first of its kind in a California State Park. Open through late May, the display examines the U.S. government’s “virtual wall” along the U.S.-Mexico border and its impact on civil rights. \u003ccite>(Courtesy of Electronic Frontier Foundation)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/news/11821133/the-little-known-history-of-japanese-internment-on-angel-island\">Angel Island\u003c/a> felt like the perfect place to debut the work the team has done so far because, according to Guariglia, it is a past “product of Chinese exclusion.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Here we had right in our own backyard a kind of encapsulation of how the government throws its power around on some of the most vulnerable people there are, which are immigrants,” he said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“From the time that Angel Island served as an immigration station from 1910 to 1940, where the majority of the immigrants detained and processed there were of Asian immigrant heritage, there have also been concurrent efforts along the southern border,” said Ed Tepporn, the executive director of the Angel Island Immigration Station Foundation.[aside postID=news_12032263 hero='https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2025/03/250320-JAPANESEAMERICANSDENOUNCE-03-BL-KQED-1020x680.jpg']Tepporn said that the museum on the island now serves as an educational site for Americans who don’t know as much as they should about the Chinese Exclusion Act — and subsequent expansion of exclusionary efforts to other Asian and Pacific Islander nations.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“They’re not just the things that happened to people from a long time ago, but unfortunately, the same detention, exclusion, racism and xenophobia that immigrants who were held and detained at Angel Island experienced over a hundred years ago in many ways is happening to specific immigrant communities today,” he told KQED.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The exhibit opens as the Trump administration has promised in its first months to carry out \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/news/12016488/how-trumps-plan-for-mass-deportations-could-play-out\">mass deportations\u003c/a> of illegal immigrants and attempts to \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/news/12024082/qa-what-to-know-about-birthright-citizenship\">narrow legal pathways\u003c/a> into the U.S. But the exhibit, and the surveillance it shows, has been in the works for much longer, according to Guariglia.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Now, this is more important than ever, but really, it kind of doesn’t matter who’s been in office,” he said. “Administrations from both [U.S. political] parties have really kind of increased spending on government surveillance infrastructure at the U.S.–Mexico border over the last 20 years.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_12034017\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 1999px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-full wp-image-12034017\" src=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2025/04/KQED-10_qed.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"1999\" height=\"1333\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2025/04/KQED-10_qed.jpg 1999w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2025/04/KQED-10_qed-800x533.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2025/04/KQED-10_qed-1020x680.jpg 1020w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2025/04/KQED-10_qed-160x107.jpg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2025/04/KQED-10_qed-1536x1024.jpg 1536w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2025/04/KQED-10_qed-1920x1280.jpg 1920w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 1999px) 100vw, 1999px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">The U.S.-Mexico border wall runs west between the eastern outskirts of Tijuana and the Otay Mountain Wilderness on Sept. 16, 2024. \u003ccite>(Zoë Meyers for KQED)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>That spans the terms of Democrats Barack Obama, who was infamously labeled the “deporter in chief” by immigrant rights groups, and \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/news/11958372/biden-border-policies-face-challenges-from-left-and-right\">Joe Biden\u003c/a>, whose administration attempted to crack down on the southern border during his — and \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/news/11999721/as-republicans-attack-harris-on-immigration-heres-what-her-california-record-reveals\">Kamala Harris’\u003c/a> — campaigns last year.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Guariglia said that since finalizing the exhibit, the EFF has turned to examining legal and policy strategies to combat the “intense” surveillance happening in border towns. In the meantime, he and Tepporn hope more people become cognizant of the U.S.’s presence there.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Visitors have a chance to reflect on how these histories connect to their own families or their own communities’ experiences and perhaps to imagine together a future that is filled with more welcome and more belonging,” Tepporn told KQED.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>After the tenancy at Angel Island, the EFF hopes to display its research across the country, potentially moving to Southern California next.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>KQED’s \u003c/em>\u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/author/emanoukian\">\u003cem>Elize Manoukian\u003c/em>\u003c/a>\u003cem> contributed to this report.\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n",
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"excerpt": "Amid Trump’s immigration crackdown, a new exhibit about the U.S.-Mexico border’s “virtual wall” comes to Angel Island, where detained asylum seekers were processed in the 1900s.",
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"title": "Angel Island Exhibit Aims to Shine Light on Border Surveillance, American Exclusion | KQED",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>As the Trump administration cracks down on \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/immigration\">immigration\u003c/a>, a new exhibit on Angel Island in the San Francisco Bay draws attention to the “virtual wall” that already looms over the \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/news/tag/u-s-mexico-border\">U.S.–Mexico border\u003c/a> — and the island’s past as a piece of exclusionary American immigration policy.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In the early 1900s, the Angel Island Immigration Museum was the site of a hospital and processing station for detained asylum seekers, most of them from China or other parts of Asia. Now, posters set out in the airy building display the blimp-like cameras and tall towers that surveil zones on the U.S.’s southern border.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Border communities are keenly aware of the license plate readers that can track their cars and the cameras that can peer into their backyards or at the jungle gyms where their kids play, according to Matthew Guariglia, a senior policy analyst at the Electronic Frontier Foundation, which installed the Angel Island State Park exhibit.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The exhibit, which opens Wednesday, “provides a kind of border surveillance 101” for others who might not be aware of the privacy-impeding technology already creating a barrier between the U.S. and its southern neighbor, Guariglia told KQED. “How much surveillance infrastructure there really is on the U.S.–Mexico border, what technology there is, and how it’s being used.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>For the past few years, the EFF has been conducting research along the southern border, identifying where surveillance equipment is and the ways that it can be disguised — like the seismic trail sensors that track movement and often look like rocks or litter scattered throughout the desert.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_12034023\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 2000px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-full wp-image-12034023\" src=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2025/04/AngelIsland1.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"2000\" height=\"1331\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2025/04/AngelIsland1.jpg 2000w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2025/04/AngelIsland1-800x532.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2025/04/AngelIsland1-1020x679.jpg 1020w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2025/04/AngelIsland1-160x106.jpg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2025/04/AngelIsland1-1536x1022.jpg 1536w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2025/04/AngelIsland1-1920x1278.jpg 1920w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 2000px) 100vw, 2000px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">A visitor observes the Electronic Frontier Foundation’s new exhibit at Angel Island State Park, “Border Surveillance: Places, People and Technology,” the first of its kind in a California State Park. Open through late May, the display examines the U.S. government’s “virtual wall” along the U.S.-Mexico border and its impact on civil rights. \u003ccite>(Courtesy of Electronic Frontier Foundation)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/news/11821133/the-little-known-history-of-japanese-internment-on-angel-island\">Angel Island\u003c/a> felt like the perfect place to debut the work the team has done so far because, according to Guariglia, it is a past “product of Chinese exclusion.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Here we had right in our own backyard a kind of encapsulation of how the government throws its power around on some of the most vulnerable people there are, which are immigrants,” he said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“From the time that Angel Island served as an immigration station from 1910 to 1940, where the majority of the immigrants detained and processed there were of Asian immigrant heritage, there have also been concurrent efforts along the southern border,” said Ed Tepporn, the executive director of the Angel Island Immigration Station Foundation.\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>Tepporn said that the museum on the island now serves as an educational site for Americans who don’t know as much as they should about the Chinese Exclusion Act — and subsequent expansion of exclusionary efforts to other Asian and Pacific Islander nations.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“They’re not just the things that happened to people from a long time ago, but unfortunately, the same detention, exclusion, racism and xenophobia that immigrants who were held and detained at Angel Island experienced over a hundred years ago in many ways is happening to specific immigrant communities today,” he told KQED.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The exhibit opens as the Trump administration has promised in its first months to carry out \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/news/12016488/how-trumps-plan-for-mass-deportations-could-play-out\">mass deportations\u003c/a> of illegal immigrants and attempts to \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/news/12024082/qa-what-to-know-about-birthright-citizenship\">narrow legal pathways\u003c/a> into the U.S. But the exhibit, and the surveillance it shows, has been in the works for much longer, according to Guariglia.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Now, this is more important than ever, but really, it kind of doesn’t matter who’s been in office,” he said. “Administrations from both [U.S. political] parties have really kind of increased spending on government surveillance infrastructure at the U.S.–Mexico border over the last 20 years.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_12034017\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 1999px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-full wp-image-12034017\" src=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2025/04/KQED-10_qed.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"1999\" height=\"1333\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2025/04/KQED-10_qed.jpg 1999w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2025/04/KQED-10_qed-800x533.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2025/04/KQED-10_qed-1020x680.jpg 1020w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2025/04/KQED-10_qed-160x107.jpg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2025/04/KQED-10_qed-1536x1024.jpg 1536w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2025/04/KQED-10_qed-1920x1280.jpg 1920w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 1999px) 100vw, 1999px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">The U.S.-Mexico border wall runs west between the eastern outskirts of Tijuana and the Otay Mountain Wilderness on Sept. 16, 2024. \u003ccite>(Zoë Meyers for KQED)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>That spans the terms of Democrats Barack Obama, who was infamously labeled the “deporter in chief” by immigrant rights groups, and \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/news/11958372/biden-border-policies-face-challenges-from-left-and-right\">Joe Biden\u003c/a>, whose administration attempted to crack down on the southern border during his — and \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/news/11999721/as-republicans-attack-harris-on-immigration-heres-what-her-california-record-reveals\">Kamala Harris’\u003c/a> — campaigns last year.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Guariglia said that since finalizing the exhibit, the EFF has turned to examining legal and policy strategies to combat the “intense” surveillance happening in border towns. In the meantime, he and Tepporn hope more people become cognizant of the U.S.’s presence there.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Visitors have a chance to reflect on how these histories connect to their own families or their own communities’ experiences and perhaps to imagine together a future that is filled with more welcome and more belonging,” Tepporn told KQED.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>After the tenancy at Angel Island, the EFF hopes to display its research across the country, potentially moving to Southern California next.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>KQED’s \u003c/em>\u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/author/emanoukian\">\u003cem>Elize Manoukian\u003c/em>\u003c/a>\u003cem> contributed to this report.\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>",
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"slug": "as-deportation-fears-rise-alameda-county-invests-in-immigrant-legal-defense",
"title": "As Deportation Fears Rise, Alameda County Invests in Immigrant Legal Defense",
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"headTitle": "As Deportation Fears Rise, Alameda County Invests in Immigrant Legal Defense | KQED",
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"content": "\u003cp>As the \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/news/tag/donald-trump\">Trump administration\u003c/a> intensifies attacks on immigrant communities, \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/news/tag/alameda-county\">Alameda County\u003c/a> supervisors voted Tuesday to allocate roughly $1.3 million to the Alameda Public Defender’s immigration unit, which provides legal representation to people facing possible detention and deportation.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The one-time emergency funds will help support the immigration unit for two years — $80,000 has been earmarked for fiscal year 2025, while $1,300,000 will be set aside for fiscal year 2026. Most of the money will be used to expand the office through the hiring of additional immigration attorneys and support staff, while the remaining funds will be used to cover litigation costs in criminal and immigration courts.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“There are people who are being stopped, detained, held in custody … and sent back to countries where they might be tortured or executed, and they don’t have access to counsel,” said Brendon Woods, Alameda County’s public defender. “People are being removed from this country when they actually have a legal right to stay here, but they don’t have a lawyer representing them to enforce that right.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“That’s why we’re doing it.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Alameda County supervisors approved $3.5 million last month to bolster support services and legal aid for the county’s refugee and immigrant communities. Some of the money is being allocated to the immigration unit at the Public Defender’s Office, with the remaining $2.2 million going to East Bay nonprofits. According to Woods, it’s likely the largest amount of funding that the immigration unit has received.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Since the start of President Donald Trump’s second term, widespread anxiety over his anti-immigrant policies has pushed many state and local officials to take action. Bay Area counties have reaffirmed their sanctuary statuses amid reports of \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/news/12024442/ice-agents-tried-to-enter-downtown-sf-office-buildings-janitors-union-says\">immigration enforcement\u003c/a> in cities such as San José and San Francisco, as well as Trump’s calls for rapid deportations without due process through the \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/news/12024776/laken-riley-act-raises-alarms-from-bay-area-civil-rights-attorneys\">Laken Riley Act\u003c/a> and the \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/news/12032263/bay-area-japanese-americans-condemn-trumps-use-of-alien-enemies-act\">Aliens Enemy Act\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Recently, Trump called for the removal of Venezuelans who he claimed belonged to Tren de Aragua, a criminal organization designated as a foreign terrorist group by his administration. However, the administration has provided little evidence to back the allegations, and deportations have already occurred despite court orders.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[aside postID=forum_2010101909406 hero='https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/43/2025/03/immigration-1020x574.jpg']\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“People are terrified and rightfully so as this administration does not give a damn about the legal process,” Woods said. “I don’t think any of us would’ve thought that would be happening in the United States. People with criminal convictions from over 20 years ago, who are legal permanent residents, are being detained and held right now. This is not due process.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In 2014, the Public Defender’s Office became the first in the state to create a deportation defense unit. Other public defenders throughout the Bay Area created similar units after Trump was first elected.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The Contra Costa County Office of the Public Defender helped launch the nonprofit Stand Together Contra Costa in 2018 as part of its legal defense initiative for undocumented county residents. Stand Together also manages the county’s rapid response hotline, which residents can use to report immigrant enforcement activity and request legal aid.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In 2017, the San Francisco Public Defender’s Office created an immigration unit after the first Trump administration threatened to facilitate mass deportation of undocumented residents. It was the third public defender’s office to provide immigrants with legal representation during removal proceedings.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>According to Woods, it’s likely that demand for services is going to increase. Alameda County Public Defender’s Office is working with local nonprofits and advocacy groups to make sure that resources are accessible, Woods said, adding that the newly allocated funds will allow it to expand its reach.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“I hope we are staffed up and prepared for the coming challenges,” Woods said. “Immigration laws and what we think is normal changes almost daily. It’s almost as if the government or administration is throwing out the playbook.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>As the \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/news/tag/donald-trump\">Trump administration\u003c/a> intensifies attacks on immigrant communities, \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/news/tag/alameda-county\">Alameda County\u003c/a> supervisors voted Tuesday to allocate roughly $1.3 million to the Alameda Public Defender’s immigration unit, which provides legal representation to people facing possible detention and deportation.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The one-time emergency funds will help support the immigration unit for two years — $80,000 has been earmarked for fiscal year 2025, while $1,300,000 will be set aside for fiscal year 2026. Most of the money will be used to expand the office through the hiring of additional immigration attorneys and support staff, while the remaining funds will be used to cover litigation costs in criminal and immigration courts.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“There are people who are being stopped, detained, held in custody … and sent back to countries where they might be tortured or executed, and they don’t have access to counsel,” said Brendon Woods, Alameda County’s public defender. “People are being removed from this country when they actually have a legal right to stay here, but they don’t have a lawyer representing them to enforce that right.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“That’s why we’re doing it.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Alameda County supervisors approved $3.5 million last month to bolster support services and legal aid for the county’s refugee and immigrant communities. Some of the money is being allocated to the immigration unit at the Public Defender’s Office, with the remaining $2.2 million going to East Bay nonprofits. According to Woods, it’s likely the largest amount of funding that the immigration unit has received.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Since the start of President Donald Trump’s second term, widespread anxiety over his anti-immigrant policies has pushed many state and local officials to take action. Bay Area counties have reaffirmed their sanctuary statuses amid reports of \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/news/12024442/ice-agents-tried-to-enter-downtown-sf-office-buildings-janitors-union-says\">immigration enforcement\u003c/a> in cities such as San José and San Francisco, as well as Trump’s calls for rapid deportations without due process through the \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/news/12024776/laken-riley-act-raises-alarms-from-bay-area-civil-rights-attorneys\">Laken Riley Act\u003c/a> and the \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/news/12032263/bay-area-japanese-americans-condemn-trumps-use-of-alien-enemies-act\">Aliens Enemy Act\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Recently, Trump called for the removal of Venezuelans who he claimed belonged to Tren de Aragua, a criminal organization designated as a foreign terrorist group by his administration. However, the administration has provided little evidence to back the allegations, and deportations have already occurred despite court orders.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“People are terrified and rightfully so as this administration does not give a damn about the legal process,” Woods said. “I don’t think any of us would’ve thought that would be happening in the United States. People with criminal convictions from over 20 years ago, who are legal permanent residents, are being detained and held right now. This is not due process.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In 2014, the Public Defender’s Office became the first in the state to create a deportation defense unit. Other public defenders throughout the Bay Area created similar units after Trump was first elected.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The Contra Costa County Office of the Public Defender helped launch the nonprofit Stand Together Contra Costa in 2018 as part of its legal defense initiative for undocumented county residents. Stand Together also manages the county’s rapid response hotline, which residents can use to report immigrant enforcement activity and request legal aid.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In 2017, the San Francisco Public Defender’s Office created an immigration unit after the first Trump administration threatened to facilitate mass deportation of undocumented residents. It was the third public defender’s office to provide immigrants with legal representation during removal proceedings.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>According to Woods, it’s likely that demand for services is going to increase. Alameda County Public Defender’s Office is working with local nonprofits and advocacy groups to make sure that resources are accessible, Woods said, adding that the newly allocated funds will allow it to expand its reach.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“I hope we are staffed up and prepared for the coming challenges,” Woods said. “Immigration laws and what we think is normal changes almost daily. It’s almost as if the government or administration is throwing out the playbook.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>",
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"content": "\u003cp>The \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/news/tag/donald-trump\">Trump administration’s\u003c/a> move to detain people for Immigration and Customs Enforcement at the U.S. naval base in Guantanamo Bay, Cuba, has cost taxpayers $40 million in its first month, according to U.S. Sen. Alex Padilla, D-Calif., who called the price tag “exorbitant.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Padilla said the administration only disclosed the cost information after he and several other senators \u003ca href=\"https://www.padilla.senate.gov/newsroom/press-releases/after-visiting-guantanamo-bay-senators-blast-trump-admin-for-wasting-taxpayer-dollars-misusing-military-resources/\">traveled to Guantanamo last Friday\u003c/a>. As the ranking Democrat on the Senate Judiciary Subcommittee on Border Security and Immigration, Padilla joined top-ranking members of the Armed Services, Foreign Relations and Homeland Security committees on the oversight trip.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>On the day of the senators’ visit, 87 people were detained at the facility, according to Padilla’s office. The Department of Homeland Security estimates that each detention bed at standard ICE facilities costs about $165 per day. At that rate, holding 87 people for a month in the U.S. would total about $430,000 — a fraction of the $40 million spent at Guantanamo.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“It’s a huge waste of taxpayer dollars,” Padilla said of the Guantanamo operation. “It was done without any significant planning or preparation, simply to give Donald Trump the talking point or the soundbite that he wants. It’s irresponsible, it’s reckless and it undermines due process.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Homeland Security and U.S. Immigration and Customs Enforcement officials did not respond to KQED’s request for comment.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Sen. John Cornyn, the chair of the Senate Judiciary’s immigration subcommittee, also did not respond to a request for comment on the senators’ trip to Guantanamo.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[aside postID=news_12024663 hero='https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2025/01/GettyImages-2189040714-1020x680.jpg']\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>A significant portion of the cost stems from the use of military personnel for detention operations rather than ICE officials or their contractors. Padilla said that if Trump and his senior adviser Elon Musk are serious about rooting out waste and abuse in government spending, this is a “prime candidate for their attention.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>He added that many of the service members there were redeployed on very short notice, taking them away from other “critical missions.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Before the trip, Padilla and other Democratic senators wrote in \u003ca href=\"https://www.judiciary.senate.gov/imo/media/doc/2025-02-24%20-%20Letter%20to%20WH%20re%20Guantanamo.pdf\">a letter to Trump (PDF)\u003c/a> that immigrant detention on foreign soil is “unprecedented, unlawful, and harmful to American national security, values, and interests.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>During the visit, Padilla discovered that nearly half of the 87 people in detention were held in a low-security facility, undermining the administration’s claim that only the “\u003ca href=\"https://x.com/Sec_Noem/status/1886875324928938185\">worst of the worst\u003c/a>” violent criminals were being sent to Guantanamo.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Every question we asked led to more and more questions. It became clearer and clearer throughout the day that this was very much a ‘ready, fire, aim’ sequence of events,” Padilla told KQED. “They’ve been doing this for more than a month-and-a-half now, and there’s still some very basic infrastructure that hasn’t been put in place … whether it’s housing, whether it’s affording migrants access to counsel or basic communications.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Immigrant rights and civil liberties groups have filed at least two lawsuits against the Trump administration, calling the transfers to Guantanamo \u003ca href=\"https://static01.nyt.com/newsgraphics/documenttools/fe1ce228b35687ea/d4406899-full.pdf\">illegal and unconstitutional (PDF)\u003c/a> and charging that \u003ca href=\"https://static01.nyt.com/newsgraphics/documenttools/fe1ce228b35687ea/d4406899-full.pdf\">detainees have been held incommunicado (PDF)\u003c/a> without the ability to contact their lawyers or family members.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n",
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"apple": "https://itunes.apple.com/us/podcast/global-news-podcast/id135067274?mt=2",
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"rss": "https://podcasts.files.bbci.co.uk/p02nq0gn.rss"
}
},
"californiareport": {
"id": "californiareport",
"title": "The California Report",
"tagline": "California, day by day",
"info": "KQED’s statewide radio news program providing daily coverage of issues, trends and public policy decisions.",
"imageSrc": "https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/04/The-California-Report-Podcast-Tile-703x703-1.jpg",
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"officialWebsiteLink": "/californiareport",
"meta": {
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"source": "kqed",
"order": 8
},
"link": "/californiareport",
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"amazon": "https://music.amazon.com/podcasts/26099305-72af-4542-9dde-ac1807fe36d5/kqed-s-the-california-report",
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}
},
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"id": "californiareportmagazine",
"title": "The California Report Magazine",
"tagline": "Your state, your stories",
"info": "Every week, The California Report Magazine takes you on a road trip for the ears: to visit the places and meet the people who make California unique. The in-depth storytelling podcast from the California Report.",
"airtime": "FRI 4:30pm-5pm, 6:30pm-7pm, 11pm-11:30pm",
"imageSrc": "https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/04/The-California-Report-Magazine-Podcast-Tile-703x703-1.jpg",
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"officialWebsiteLink": "/californiareportmagazine",
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"order": 10
},
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"google": "https://podcasts.google.com/feed/aHR0cHM6Ly9mZWVkcy5tZWdhcGhvbmUuZm0vS1FJTkM3NjkwNjk1OTAz",
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}
},
"city-arts": {
"id": "city-arts",
"title": "City Arts & Lectures",
"info": "A one-hour radio program to hear celebrated writers, artists and thinkers address contemporary ideas and values, often discussing the creative process. Please note: tapes or transcripts are not available",
"imageSrc": "https://ww2.kqed.org/radio/wp-content/uploads/sites/50/2018/05/cityartsandlecture-300x300.jpg",
"officialWebsiteLink": "https://www.cityarts.net/",
"airtime": "SUN 1pm-2pm, TUE 10pm, WED 1am",
"meta": {
"site": "news",
"source": "City Arts & Lectures"
},
"link": "https://www.cityarts.net",
"subscribe": {
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"rss": "https://www.cityarts.net/feed/"
}
},
"closealltabs": {
"id": "closealltabs",
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"officialWebsiteLink": "/podcasts/closealltabs",
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"order": 1
},
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"title": "Code Switch / Life Kit",
"info": "\u003cem>Code Switch\u003c/em>, which listeners will hear in the first part of the hour, has fearless and much-needed conversations about race. Hosted by journalists of color, the show tackles the subject of race head-on, exploring how it impacts every part of society — from politics and pop culture to history, sports and more.\u003cbr />\u003cbr />\u003cem>Life Kit\u003c/em>, which will be in the second part of the hour, guides you through spaces and feelings no one prepares you for — from finances to mental health, from workplace microaggressions to imposter syndrome, from relationships to parenting. The show features experts with real world experience and shares their knowledge. Because everyone needs a little help being human.\u003cbr />\u003cbr />\u003ca href=\"https://www.npr.org/podcasts/510312/codeswitch\">\u003cem>Code Switch\u003c/em> offical site and podcast\u003c/a>\u003cbr />\u003ca href=\"https://www.npr.org/lifekit\">\u003cem>Life Kit\u003c/em> offical site and podcast\u003c/a>\u003cbr />",
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"meta": {
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"id": "commonwealth-club",
"title": "Commonwealth Club of California Podcast",
"info": "The Commonwealth Club of California is the nation's oldest and largest public affairs forum. As a non-partisan forum, The Club brings to the public airwaves diverse viewpoints on important topics. The Club's weekly radio broadcast - the oldest in the U.S., dating back to 1924 - is carried across the nation on public radio stations and is now podcasting. Our website archive features audio of our recent programs, as well as selected speeches from our long and distinguished history. This podcast feed is usually updated twice a week and is always un-edited.",
"airtime": "THU 10pm, FRI 1am",
"imageSrc": "https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/04/Commonwealth-Club-Podcast-Tile-360x360-1.jpg",
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"meta": {
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"source": "Commonwealth Club of California"
},
"link": "/radio/program/commonwealth-club",
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"google": "https://podcasts.google.com/feed/aHR0cDovL3d3dy5jb21tb253ZWFsdGhjbHViLm9yZy9hdWRpby9wb2RjYXN0L3dlZWtseS54bWw",
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}
},
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"id": "forum",
"title": "Forum",
"tagline": "The conversation starts here",
"info": "KQED’s live call-in program discussing local, state, national and international issues, as well as in-depth interviews.",
"airtime": "MON-FRI 9am-11am, 10pm-11pm",
"imageSrc": "https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/04/Forum-Podcast-Tile-703x703-1.jpg",
"imageAlt": "KQED Forum with Mina Kim and Alexis Madrigal",
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"meta": {
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"source": "kqed",
"order": 9
},
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"google": "https://podcasts.google.com/feed/aHR0cHM6Ly9mZWVkcy5tZWdhcGhvbmUuZm0vS1FJTkM5NTU3MzgxNjMz",
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"id": "freakonomics-radio",
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"imageSrc": "https://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2018/05/freakonomicsRadio.png",
"officialWebsiteLink": "http://freakonomics.com/",
"airtime": "SUN 1am-2am, SAT 3pm-4pm",
"meta": {
"site": "radio",
"source": "WNYC"
},
"link": "/radio/program/freakonomics-radio",
"subscribe": {
"npr": "https://rpb3r.app.goo.gl/4s8b",
"apple": "https://itunes.apple.com/us/podcast/freakonomics-radio/id354668519",
"tuneIn": "https://tunein.com/podcasts/WNYC-Podcasts/Freakonomics-Radio-p272293/",
"rss": "https://feeds.feedburner.com/freakonomicsradio"
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},
"fresh-air": {
"id": "fresh-air",
"title": "Fresh Air",
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"apple": "https://itunes.apple.com/WebObjects/MZStore.woa/wa/viewPodcast?s=143441&mt=2&id=214089682&at=11l79Y&ct=nprdirectory",
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"rss": "https://feeds.npr.org/381444908/podcast.xml"
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"here-and-now": {
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"info": "A live production of NPR and WBUR Boston, in collaboration with stations across the country, Here & Now reflects the fluid world of news as it's happening in the middle of the day, with timely, in-depth news, interviews and conversation. Hosted by Robin Young, Jeremy Hobson and Tonya Mosley.",
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},
"hidden-brain": {
"id": "hidden-brain",
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"info": "Shankar Vedantam uses science and storytelling to reveal the unconscious patterns that drive human behavior, shape our choices and direct our relationships.",
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"airtime": "SUN 7pm-8pm",
"meta": {
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"source": "NPR"
},
"link": "/radio/program/hidden-brain",
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},
"how-i-built-this": {
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"title": "How I Built This with Guy Raz",
"info": "Guy Raz dives into the stories behind some of the world's best known companies. How I Built This weaves a narrative journey about innovators, entrepreneurs and idealists—and the movements they built.",
"imageSrc": "https://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2018/05/howIBuiltThis.png",
"officialWebsiteLink": "https://www.npr.org/podcasts/510313/how-i-built-this",
"airtime": "SUN 7:30pm-8pm",
"meta": {
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"source": "npr"
},
"link": "/radio/program/how-i-built-this",
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"npr": "https://rpb3r.app.goo.gl/3zxy",
"apple": "https://itunes.apple.com/us/podcast/how-i-built-this-with-guy-raz/id1150510297?mt=2",
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},
"hyphenacion": {
"id": "hyphenacion",
"title": "Hyphenación",
"tagline": "Where conversation and cultura meet",
"info": "What kind of no sabo word is Hyphenación? For us, it’s about living within a hyphenation. Like being a third-gen Mexican-American from the Texas border now living that Bay Area Chicano life. Like Xorje! Each week we bring together a couple of hyphenated Latinos to talk all about personal life choices: family, careers, relationships, belonging … everything is on the table. ",
"imageSrc": "https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2025/03/Hyphenacion_FinalAssets_PodcastTile.png",
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"officialWebsiteLink": "/podcasts/hyphenacion",
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"order": 15
},
"link": "/podcasts/hyphenacion",
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},
"jerrybrown": {
"id": "jerrybrown",
"title": "The Political Mind of Jerry Brown",
"tagline": "Lessons from a lifetime in politics",
"info": "The Political Mind of Jerry Brown brings listeners the wisdom of the former Governor, Mayor, and presidential candidate. Scott Shafer interviewed Brown for more than 40 hours, covering the former governor's life and half-century in the political game – and Brown has some lessons he'd like to share. ",
"imageSrc": "https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/04/The-Political-Mind-of-Jerry-Brown-Podcast-Tile-703x703-1.jpg",
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"officialWebsiteLink": "/podcasts/jerrybrown",
"meta": {
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"order": 18
},
"link": "/podcasts/jerrybrown",
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"apple": "https://itunes.apple.com/us/podcast/id1492194549",
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}
},
"latino-usa": {
"id": "latino-usa",
"title": "Latino USA",
"airtime": "MON 1am-2am, SUN 6pm-7pm",
"info": "Latino USA, the radio journal of news and culture, is the only national, English-language radio program produced from a Latino perspective.",
"imageSrc": "https://ww2.kqed.org/radio/wp-content/uploads/sites/50/2018/04/latinoUsa.jpg",
"officialWebsiteLink": "http://latinousa.org/",
"meta": {
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},
"link": "/radio/program/latino-usa",
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"apple": "https://itunes.apple.com/WebObjects/MZStore.woa/wa/viewPodcast?s=143441&mt=2&id=79681317&at=11l79Y&ct=nprdirectory",
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"rss": "https://feeds.npr.org/510016/podcast.xml"
}
},
"marketplace": {
"id": "marketplace",
"title": "Marketplace",
"info": "Our flagship program, helmed by Kai Ryssdal, examines what the day in money delivered, through stories, conversations, newsworthy numbers and more. Updated Monday through Friday at about 3:30 p.m. PT.",
"airtime": "MON-FRI 4pm-4:30pm, MON-WED 6:30pm-7pm",
"imageSrc": "https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/04/Marketplace-Podcast-Tile-360x360-1.jpg",
"officialWebsiteLink": "https://www.marketplace.org/",
"meta": {
"site": "news",
"source": "American Public Media"
},
"link": "/radio/program/marketplace",
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"rss": "https://feeds.publicradio.org/public_feeds/marketplace-pm/rss/rss"
}
},
"masters-of-scale": {
"id": "masters-of-scale",
"title": "Masters of Scale",
"info": "Masters of Scale is an original podcast in which LinkedIn co-founder and Greylock Partner Reid Hoffman sets out to describe and prove theories that explain how great entrepreneurs take their companies from zero to a gazillion in ingenious fashion.",
"airtime": "Every other Wednesday June 12 through October 16 at 8pm (repeats Thursdays at 2am)",
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"officialWebsiteLink": "https://mastersofscale.com/",
"meta": {
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"source": "WaitWhat"
},
"link": "/radio/program/masters-of-scale",
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"apple": "http://mastersofscale.app.link/",
"rss": "https://rss.art19.com/masters-of-scale"
}
},
"mindshift": {
"id": "mindshift",
"title": "MindShift",
"tagline": "A podcast about the future of learning and how we raise our kids",
"info": "The MindShift podcast explores the innovations in education that are shaping how kids learn. Hosts Ki Sung and Katrina Schwartz introduce listeners to educators, researchers, parents and students who are developing effective ways to improve how kids learn. We cover topics like how fed-up administrators are developing surprising tactics to deal with classroom disruptions; how listening to podcasts are helping kids develop reading skills; the consequences of overparenting; and why interdisciplinary learning can engage students on all ends of the traditional achievement spectrum. This podcast is part of the MindShift education site, a division of KQED News. KQED is an NPR/PBS member station based in San Francisco. You can also visit the MindShift website for episodes and supplemental blog posts or tweet us \u003ca href=\"https://twitter.com/MindShiftKQED\">@MindShiftKQED\u003c/a> or visit us at \u003ca href=\"/mindshift\">MindShift.KQED.org\u003c/a>",
"imageSrc": "https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/04/Mindshift-Podcast-Tile-703x703-1.jpg",
"imageAlt": "KQED MindShift: How We Will Learn",
"officialWebsiteLink": "/mindshift/",
"meta": {
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"source": "kqed",
"order": 12
},
"link": "/podcasts/mindshift",
"subscribe": {
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"google": "https://podcasts.google.com/feed/aHR0cHM6Ly9mZWVkcy5tZWdhcGhvbmUuZm0vS1FJTkM1NzY0NjAwNDI5",
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}
},
"morning-edition": {
"id": "morning-edition",
"title": "Morning Edition",
"info": "\u003cem>Morning Edition\u003c/em> takes listeners around the country and the world with multi-faceted stories and commentaries every weekday. Hosts Steve Inskeep, David Greene and Rachel Martin bring you the latest breaking news and features to prepare you for the day.",
"airtime": "MON-FRI 3am-9am",
"imageSrc": "https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/04/Morning-Edition-Podcast-Tile-360x360-1.jpg",
"officialWebsiteLink": "https://www.npr.org/programs/morning-edition/",
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"link": "/radio/program/morning-edition"
},
"onourwatch": {
"id": "onourwatch",
"title": "On Our Watch",
"tagline": "Deeply-reported investigative journalism",
"info": "For decades, the process for how police police themselves has been inconsistent – if not opaque. In some states, like California, these proceedings were completely hidden. After a new police transparency law unsealed scores of internal affairs files, our reporters set out to examine these cases and the shadow world of police discipline. On Our Watch brings listeners into the rooms where officers are questioned and witnesses are interrogated to find out who this system is really protecting. Is it the officers, or the public they've sworn to serve?",
"imageSrc": "https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/04/On-Our-Watch-Podcast-Tile-703x703-1.jpg",
"imageAlt": "On Our Watch from NPR and KQED",
"officialWebsiteLink": "/podcasts/onourwatch",
"meta": {
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"source": "kqed",
"order": 11
},
"link": "/podcasts/onourwatch",
"subscribe": {
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"google": "https://podcasts.google.com/feed/aHR0cHM6Ly9mZWVkcy5ucHIub3JnLzUxMDM2MC9wb2RjYXN0LnhtbD9zYz1nb29nbGVwb2RjYXN0cw",
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"rss": "https://feeds.npr.org/510360/podcast.xml"
}
},
"on-the-media": {
"id": "on-the-media",
"title": "On The Media",
"info": "Our weekly podcast explores how the media 'sausage' is made, casts an incisive eye on fluctuations in the marketplace of ideas, and examines threats to the freedom of information and expression in America and abroad. For one hour a week, the show tries to lift the veil from the process of \"making media,\" especially news media, because it's through that lens that we see the world and the world sees us",
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"info": "One of public radio's most dynamic voices, Sam Sanders helped launch The NPR Politics Podcast and hosted NPR's hit show It's Been A Minute. Now, the award-winning host returns with something brand new, The Sam Sanders Show. Every week, Sam Sanders and friends dig into the culture that shapes our lives: what's driving the biggest trends, how artists really think, and even the memes you can't stop scrolling past. Sam is beloved for his way of unpacking the world and bringing you up close to fresh currents and engaging conversations. The Sam Sanders Show is smart, funny and always a good time.",
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