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"content": "\u003cp>\u003cem>Updated 10 a.m. Tuesday — \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/news/12052579/que-es-kinder-de-transicion-tk-california\">\u003cstrong>Leer en español\u003c/strong>\u003c/a>\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>This year, every 4-year-old in California can enter transitional kindergarten at their local school district. But fewer parents know about TK, and that it can be an option for their family, than they did just a few years ago, according to \u003ca href=\"https://laist.com/news/education/early-childhood-education-pre-k/california-transitional-kindergarten-awareness-research-stanford\">a survey by the Stanford Center on Early Childhood\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Here are some frequently asked questions about this new grade in \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/news/11989465/california-teacher-shortage-hinders-transitional-kindergarten-and-bilingual-education-goals\">California’s public school system\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003ch2>What is transitional kindergarten?\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/forum/2010101906814/can-californias-universal-transitional-kindergarten-plan-make-the-grade\">Transitional kindergarten is part of California’s ambitious plan\u003c/a> to create the nation’s largest free early education program. The state describes TK as the first of a two-year kindergarten program to prepare children for the rigors of elementary school.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Starting in 2012, some school districts introduced TK on a limited basis to serve a group of children who narrowly missed the cutoff date to enter kindergarten.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11988070\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 1920px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-full wp-image-11988070\" src=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/05/240517-TKBilingualLearners-135-BL_qut.jpg\" alt=\"A woman teacher leans over and smiles at two young students in a classroom\" width=\"1920\" height=\"1280\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/05/240517-TKBilingualLearners-135-BL_qut.jpg 1920w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/05/240517-TKBilingualLearners-135-BL_qut-800x533.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/05/240517-TKBilingualLearners-135-BL_qut-1020x680.jpg 1020w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/05/240517-TKBilingualLearners-135-BL_qut-160x107.jpg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/05/240517-TKBilingualLearners-135-BL_qut-1536x1024.jpg 1536w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 1920px) 100vw, 1920px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Teacher Erika Vargas checks in on students during playtime during a bilingual transitional kindergarten class at Global Family Elementary School in Oakland on May 17, 2024. \u003ccite>(Beth LaBerge/KQED)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>In 2021, they began accepting more 4-year-olds by expanding the birthday cutoffs each year. Starting this school year, all school districts are required to offer universal access to TK. They must also limit classroom sizes to one adult for every ten students.\u003c/p>\n\u003ch2>How do I know if my kid is eligible for TK?\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>Students who will turn 4 by Sept. 1 of the school year can enroll.\u003c/p>\n\u003ch2>What do kids learn in TK?\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>TK is a play-based program where children learn through play and interaction with each other. Schools are expected to align with the state’s framework, the \u003ca href=\"https://www.cde.ca.gov/sp/cd/re/psfoundations.asp\">Preschool/Transitional Kindergarten Learning Foundations\u003c/a>, when they set the curriculum for TK.[aside postID=news_11989789 hero='https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/06/240610-TKParentsDilemma-24-BL_qut-1020x680.jpg']The document lays out the knowledge and skills that 3- to 5-year-old children can acquire, such as focusing attention and collaborating with others, if given the benefits of a high-quality early education.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Erika Vargas, a transitional kindergarten teacher at Global Family Elementary School in Oakland, said a year in TK gives children a “grace period” to learn the routines and expectations of being in school and develop the skills necessary for kindergarten.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Our goal is to expose them to literature, to develop that love of books, reading, writing and drawing,” she said. “Socially, we want them to learn how to make friends and resolve conflicts.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Kids also start on basic skills such as learning the alphabet and numbers, but the focus is more on social and emotional development, said Tanya Harris, director of elementary education for the Alameda Unified School District.\u003c/p>\n\u003ch2>How is TK different from other types of preschool?\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>TK is the only free school option for all 4-year-olds in California. Two other publicly funded preschool programs — Head Start and the California State Preschool Program — prioritize students based on certain criteria, like income and living situation.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Private preschools are businesses or nonprofits that are required to comply with local zoning and health and safety codes. They set their own curriculum.\u003c/p>\n\u003ch2>Why does California want to make TK universal?\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>Gov. Gavin Newsom said the goal of making TK universal is so that “every 4-year-old in California from here on out can start their schooling on the right track, setting them up for success further down the road.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11988706\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 2000px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-full wp-image-11988706\" src=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/06/240520-TKPARENTSDILEMMA-23-BL-KQED.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"2000\" height=\"1333\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/06/240520-TKPARENTSDILEMMA-23-BL-KQED.jpg 2000w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/06/240520-TKPARENTSDILEMMA-23-BL-KQED-800x533.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/06/240520-TKPARENTSDILEMMA-23-BL-KQED-1020x680.jpg 1020w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/06/240520-TKPARENTSDILEMMA-23-BL-KQED-160x107.jpg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/06/240520-TKPARENTSDILEMMA-23-BL-KQED-1536x1024.jpg 1536w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/06/240520-TKPARENTSDILEMMA-23-BL-KQED-1920x1280.jpg 1920w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 2000px) 100vw, 2000px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Gina Viggiano teaches a transitional kindergarten class at Holbrook Language Academy in Concord on May 20, 2024. \u003ccite>(Beth LaBerge/KQED)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Experts also say that TK brings students into the K–12 system sooner so that they can acclimate to going to school and feel comfortable in a classroom, while parents benefit from an extra year of free care and education for their children.\u003c/p>\n\u003ch2>Does my child have to attend TK?\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>No. TK and kindergarten are considered optional in California. Children are not mandated to enroll in school until first grade.\u003c/p>\n\u003ch2>When should I start researching transitional kindergarten options for my child?\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>Many school districts start enrollment in January for the fall and may give priority to school placement for those who enroll early. Also, schools often hold tours and information sessions in the spring.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But don’t expect your local school district to reach out to you with a reminder to sign up for your child. Many parents have told us they find out about TK from other parents and do their research into options and deadlines.\u003c/p>\n\u003ch2>What happens if I wait to enroll my child until right before school starts?\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>Children can enroll in school at any time, but that may limit your options for which school or program your child can enroll in. Some schools may fill up, which means you will have to look at other options.\u003c/p>\n\u003ch2>How can I assess if transitional kindergarten is right for my child?\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>Since TK may not cover all the child care hours parents need to fit their work schedule, families must consider if they can make it work logistically and if their child can handle switching from school to an aftercare arrangement.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11988053\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 1920px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-full wp-image-11988053\" src=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/05/240517-TKBilingualLearners-15-BL_qut.jpg\" alt=\"A teacher wearing a facemask high-fives a young student at a classroom table\" width=\"1920\" height=\"1280\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/05/240517-TKBilingualLearners-15-BL_qut.jpg 1920w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/05/240517-TKBilingualLearners-15-BL_qut-800x533.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/05/240517-TKBilingualLearners-15-BL_qut-1020x680.jpg 1020w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/05/240517-TKBilingualLearners-15-BL_qut-160x107.jpg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/05/240517-TKBilingualLearners-15-BL_qut-1536x1024.jpg 1536w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 1920px) 100vw, 1920px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Bernadette Pilar Zermeño, a multilingual early childhood educator, sits with transitional kindergarten students during snack time at the International Community School in Oakland. \u003ccite>(Beth LaBerge/KQED)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Some families prefer to keep their child in a program that can provide full-day care, said Kym Johnson, CEO of Bananas, an agency that refers parents to child care options in Alameda County.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>On the other hand, some parents want their kids to enter a school environment. “Four-year-olds are at different stages and levels of independence,” Johnson said. “We believe families know what’s best for their kids.”\u003c/p>\n\u003ch2>What should I look for in a TK program?\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>A high-quality TK classroom ought to have ample space for play-based activities, said Hanna Melnick, senior policy adviser for the Learning Policy Institute based in Palo Alto.[aside postID=news_11989615 hero='https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/06/TKBackPack-1020x647.jpg']“You want to see literacy, math and science activities in the classroom that are thoughtfully planned,” Melnick said. “And you want to make sure that the curriculum and assessments are taking into account the needs of the whole child — their social and emotional needs, their physical development as well as what’s more considered traditional academic development in math and reading.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Dale Farran, an early childhood education researcher and emeritus professor at Vanderbilt University, said parents need to look for learning opportunities in the classroom that go beyond basic instruction.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“They need to be up, they need to be exploring, they need to be interacting with each other and with the teacher, and they need to have an environment that facilitates all of that happening,” Farran said.\u003c/p>\n\u003ch2>What should I ask the school about how TK is run?\u003c/h2>\n\u003cul>\n\u003cli>What kind of outdoor time do children get, and what do those spaces offer?\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>How do you incorporate play into the curriculum?\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>Are there bathrooms attached to the classroom?\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>If not, is there a bathroom inside the classroom? Where are the closest bathrooms, and how do the children get there?\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>Where will they eat their lunch and snacks? Will it be in the classroom or the cafeteria?\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>Do you have any special additional programs for TK students, e.g., dual immersion?\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>What kind of after-school care do you offer?\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>Can I take a tour?\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>Can I talk to the principal and teacher?\u003c/li>\n\u003c/ul>\n\u003ch2>What are common challenges parents encounter?\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>Many parents find that arranging pick-up and drop-off can be a huge challenge, depending on their work schedules. The other big challenge is finding before- and after-school care since TK schedules vary in length, anywhere from three to five hours a day.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The state has provided funding for schools to add after-school care and enrichment classes in art, STEM or sports, but availability varies from school to school. Some programs charge fees while others are free.\u003c/p>\n\u003ch2>Anything else I should consider?\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>Napping and toilet training. Some 4-year-olds still nap in the afternoon, which is not part of most TK programs. If that’s a problem, then perhaps you could consider how your child could still nap after school or phase out napping.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11988060\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 1920px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-full wp-image-11988060\" src=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/05/240517-TKBilingualLearners-80-BL_qut.jpg\" alt=\"Three young students hold hands outside as they walk away from the camera towards a play gym structure during recess\" width=\"1920\" height=\"1280\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/05/240517-TKBilingualLearners-80-BL_qut.jpg 1920w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/05/240517-TKBilingualLearners-80-BL_qut-800x533.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/05/240517-TKBilingualLearners-80-BL_qut-1020x680.jpg 1020w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/05/240517-TKBilingualLearners-80-BL_qut-160x107.jpg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/05/240517-TKBilingualLearners-80-BL_qut-1536x1024.jpg 1536w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 1920px) 100vw, 1920px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Transitional kindergarten students play outside during recess at the International Community School in Oakland on May 17, 2024. \u003ccite>(Beth LaBerge/KQED)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Another issue some parents worry about is how prepared their child is to use the bathroom on their own. Marji D. Calbeck, director of elementary support for the Mount Diablo Unified School District, recommends that parents talk with teachers at the start of the school year about any concerns and even pack their kids an extra change of clothes in case they have an accident. Potty accidents happen in school, she said, noting it’s something educators should be equipped to deal with.\u003c/p>\n\u003ch2>What if my child isn’t ready for TK? What are my other options?\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>California offers several publicly funded early childhood education programs to help meet families’ diverse child care needs.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Under the state’s \u003ca href=\"https://cauniversalprek.org/\">Universal Pre-Kindergarten (UPK)\u003c/a> initiative, income-eligible families can enroll in federal Head Start programs, the California State Preschool Program or subsidized early learning programs such as home-based “family child care” or private preschools.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>CSPP offers part-day and full-day options for 2- to 4-year-olds.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"https://www.cde.ca.gov/sp/cd/ci/mb2306.asp\">Click here to\u003c/a> find out whether you meet the income requirement to enroll your child in CSPP.\u003c/p>\n\u003ch2>Where can I find more information?\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>The state has set up a \u003ca href=\"https://cauniversalprek.org/families/\">website with information about UPK\u003c/a>. To find a program in your area, start with your local school district. You can also explore parent forums or groups on social media.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Parents can also search for child care that meets their specific needs via \u003ca href=\"http://mychildcareplan.org\">MyChildCarePlan.org\u003c/a>, a search tool supported by California’s network of resource and referral agencies.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>If there’s a question you have we didn’t include, feel free to reach out to us — \u003ca href=\"mailto:daisynguyen@kqed.org\">Daisy Nguyen \u003c/a>or \u003ca href=\"mailto:eyu@laist.com\">Elly Yu\u003c/a> — and we’ll do our best to find answers.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad floatright]\u003c/p>\n",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>\u003cem>Updated 10 a.m. Tuesday — \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/news/12052579/que-es-kinder-de-transicion-tk-california\">\u003cstrong>Leer en español\u003c/strong>\u003c/a>\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>This year, every 4-year-old in California can enter transitional kindergarten at their local school district. But fewer parents know about TK, and that it can be an option for their family, than they did just a few years ago, according to \u003ca href=\"https://laist.com/news/education/early-childhood-education-pre-k/california-transitional-kindergarten-awareness-research-stanford\">a survey by the Stanford Center on Early Childhood\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Here are some frequently asked questions about this new grade in \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/news/11989465/california-teacher-shortage-hinders-transitional-kindergarten-and-bilingual-education-goals\">California’s public school system\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003ch2>What is transitional kindergarten?\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/forum/2010101906814/can-californias-universal-transitional-kindergarten-plan-make-the-grade\">Transitional kindergarten is part of California’s ambitious plan\u003c/a> to create the nation’s largest free early education program. The state describes TK as the first of a two-year kindergarten program to prepare children for the rigors of elementary school.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Starting in 2012, some school districts introduced TK on a limited basis to serve a group of children who narrowly missed the cutoff date to enter kindergarten.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11988070\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 1920px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-full wp-image-11988070\" src=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/05/240517-TKBilingualLearners-135-BL_qut.jpg\" alt=\"A woman teacher leans over and smiles at two young students in a classroom\" width=\"1920\" height=\"1280\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/05/240517-TKBilingualLearners-135-BL_qut.jpg 1920w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/05/240517-TKBilingualLearners-135-BL_qut-800x533.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/05/240517-TKBilingualLearners-135-BL_qut-1020x680.jpg 1020w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/05/240517-TKBilingualLearners-135-BL_qut-160x107.jpg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/05/240517-TKBilingualLearners-135-BL_qut-1536x1024.jpg 1536w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 1920px) 100vw, 1920px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Teacher Erika Vargas checks in on students during playtime during a bilingual transitional kindergarten class at Global Family Elementary School in Oakland on May 17, 2024. \u003ccite>(Beth LaBerge/KQED)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>In 2021, they began accepting more 4-year-olds by expanding the birthday cutoffs each year. Starting this school year, all school districts are required to offer universal access to TK. They must also limit classroom sizes to one adult for every ten students.\u003c/p>\n\u003ch2>How do I know if my kid is eligible for TK?\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>Students who will turn 4 by Sept. 1 of the school year can enroll.\u003c/p>\n\u003ch2>What do kids learn in TK?\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>TK is a play-based program where children learn through play and interaction with each other. Schools are expected to align with the state’s framework, the \u003ca href=\"https://www.cde.ca.gov/sp/cd/re/psfoundations.asp\">Preschool/Transitional Kindergarten Learning Foundations\u003c/a>, when they set the curriculum for TK.\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>The document lays out the knowledge and skills that 3- to 5-year-old children can acquire, such as focusing attention and collaborating with others, if given the benefits of a high-quality early education.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Erika Vargas, a transitional kindergarten teacher at Global Family Elementary School in Oakland, said a year in TK gives children a “grace period” to learn the routines and expectations of being in school and develop the skills necessary for kindergarten.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Our goal is to expose them to literature, to develop that love of books, reading, writing and drawing,” she said. “Socially, we want them to learn how to make friends and resolve conflicts.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Kids also start on basic skills such as learning the alphabet and numbers, but the focus is more on social and emotional development, said Tanya Harris, director of elementary education for the Alameda Unified School District.\u003c/p>\n\u003ch2>How is TK different from other types of preschool?\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>TK is the only free school option for all 4-year-olds in California. Two other publicly funded preschool programs — Head Start and the California State Preschool Program — prioritize students based on certain criteria, like income and living situation.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Private preschools are businesses or nonprofits that are required to comply with local zoning and health and safety codes. They set their own curriculum.\u003c/p>\n\u003ch2>Why does California want to make TK universal?\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>Gov. Gavin Newsom said the goal of making TK universal is so that “every 4-year-old in California from here on out can start their schooling on the right track, setting them up for success further down the road.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11988706\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 2000px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-full wp-image-11988706\" src=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/06/240520-TKPARENTSDILEMMA-23-BL-KQED.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"2000\" height=\"1333\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/06/240520-TKPARENTSDILEMMA-23-BL-KQED.jpg 2000w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/06/240520-TKPARENTSDILEMMA-23-BL-KQED-800x533.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/06/240520-TKPARENTSDILEMMA-23-BL-KQED-1020x680.jpg 1020w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/06/240520-TKPARENTSDILEMMA-23-BL-KQED-160x107.jpg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/06/240520-TKPARENTSDILEMMA-23-BL-KQED-1536x1024.jpg 1536w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/06/240520-TKPARENTSDILEMMA-23-BL-KQED-1920x1280.jpg 1920w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 2000px) 100vw, 2000px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Gina Viggiano teaches a transitional kindergarten class at Holbrook Language Academy in Concord on May 20, 2024. \u003ccite>(Beth LaBerge/KQED)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Experts also say that TK brings students into the K–12 system sooner so that they can acclimate to going to school and feel comfortable in a classroom, while parents benefit from an extra year of free care and education for their children.\u003c/p>\n\u003ch2>Does my child have to attend TK?\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>No. TK and kindergarten are considered optional in California. Children are not mandated to enroll in school until first grade.\u003c/p>\n\u003ch2>When should I start researching transitional kindergarten options for my child?\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>Many school districts start enrollment in January for the fall and may give priority to school placement for those who enroll early. Also, schools often hold tours and information sessions in the spring.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But don’t expect your local school district to reach out to you with a reminder to sign up for your child. Many parents have told us they find out about TK from other parents and do their research into options and deadlines.\u003c/p>\n\u003ch2>What happens if I wait to enroll my child until right before school starts?\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>Children can enroll in school at any time, but that may limit your options for which school or program your child can enroll in. Some schools may fill up, which means you will have to look at other options.\u003c/p>\n\u003ch2>How can I assess if transitional kindergarten is right for my child?\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>Since TK may not cover all the child care hours parents need to fit their work schedule, families must consider if they can make it work logistically and if their child can handle switching from school to an aftercare arrangement.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11988053\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 1920px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-full wp-image-11988053\" src=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/05/240517-TKBilingualLearners-15-BL_qut.jpg\" alt=\"A teacher wearing a facemask high-fives a young student at a classroom table\" width=\"1920\" height=\"1280\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/05/240517-TKBilingualLearners-15-BL_qut.jpg 1920w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/05/240517-TKBilingualLearners-15-BL_qut-800x533.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/05/240517-TKBilingualLearners-15-BL_qut-1020x680.jpg 1020w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/05/240517-TKBilingualLearners-15-BL_qut-160x107.jpg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/05/240517-TKBilingualLearners-15-BL_qut-1536x1024.jpg 1536w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 1920px) 100vw, 1920px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Bernadette Pilar Zermeño, a multilingual early childhood educator, sits with transitional kindergarten students during snack time at the International Community School in Oakland. \u003ccite>(Beth LaBerge/KQED)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Some families prefer to keep their child in a program that can provide full-day care, said Kym Johnson, CEO of Bananas, an agency that refers parents to child care options in Alameda County.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>On the other hand, some parents want their kids to enter a school environment. “Four-year-olds are at different stages and levels of independence,” Johnson said. “We believe families know what’s best for their kids.”\u003c/p>\n\u003ch2>What should I look for in a TK program?\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>A high-quality TK classroom ought to have ample space for play-based activities, said Hanna Melnick, senior policy adviser for the Learning Policy Institute based in Palo Alto.\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>“You want to see literacy, math and science activities in the classroom that are thoughtfully planned,” Melnick said. “And you want to make sure that the curriculum and assessments are taking into account the needs of the whole child — their social and emotional needs, their physical development as well as what’s more considered traditional academic development in math and reading.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Dale Farran, an early childhood education researcher and emeritus professor at Vanderbilt University, said parents need to look for learning opportunities in the classroom that go beyond basic instruction.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“They need to be up, they need to be exploring, they need to be interacting with each other and with the teacher, and they need to have an environment that facilitates all of that happening,” Farran said.\u003c/p>\n\u003ch2>What should I ask the school about how TK is run?\u003c/h2>\n\u003cul>\n\u003cli>What kind of outdoor time do children get, and what do those spaces offer?\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>How do you incorporate play into the curriculum?\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>Are there bathrooms attached to the classroom?\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>If not, is there a bathroom inside the classroom? Where are the closest bathrooms, and how do the children get there?\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>Where will they eat their lunch and snacks? Will it be in the classroom or the cafeteria?\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>Do you have any special additional programs for TK students, e.g., dual immersion?\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>What kind of after-school care do you offer?\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>Can I take a tour?\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>Can I talk to the principal and teacher?\u003c/li>\n\u003c/ul>\n\u003ch2>What are common challenges parents encounter?\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>Many parents find that arranging pick-up and drop-off can be a huge challenge, depending on their work schedules. The other big challenge is finding before- and after-school care since TK schedules vary in length, anywhere from three to five hours a day.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The state has provided funding for schools to add after-school care and enrichment classes in art, STEM or sports, but availability varies from school to school. Some programs charge fees while others are free.\u003c/p>\n\u003ch2>Anything else I should consider?\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>Napping and toilet training. Some 4-year-olds still nap in the afternoon, which is not part of most TK programs. If that’s a problem, then perhaps you could consider how your child could still nap after school or phase out napping.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11988060\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 1920px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-full wp-image-11988060\" src=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/05/240517-TKBilingualLearners-80-BL_qut.jpg\" alt=\"Three young students hold hands outside as they walk away from the camera towards a play gym structure during recess\" width=\"1920\" height=\"1280\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/05/240517-TKBilingualLearners-80-BL_qut.jpg 1920w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/05/240517-TKBilingualLearners-80-BL_qut-800x533.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/05/240517-TKBilingualLearners-80-BL_qut-1020x680.jpg 1020w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/05/240517-TKBilingualLearners-80-BL_qut-160x107.jpg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/05/240517-TKBilingualLearners-80-BL_qut-1536x1024.jpg 1536w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 1920px) 100vw, 1920px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Transitional kindergarten students play outside during recess at the International Community School in Oakland on May 17, 2024. \u003ccite>(Beth LaBerge/KQED)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Another issue some parents worry about is how prepared their child is to use the bathroom on their own. Marji D. Calbeck, director of elementary support for the Mount Diablo Unified School District, recommends that parents talk with teachers at the start of the school year about any concerns and even pack their kids an extra change of clothes in case they have an accident. Potty accidents happen in school, she said, noting it’s something educators should be equipped to deal with.\u003c/p>\n\u003ch2>What if my child isn’t ready for TK? What are my other options?\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>California offers several publicly funded early childhood education programs to help meet families’ diverse child care needs.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Under the state’s \u003ca href=\"https://cauniversalprek.org/\">Universal Pre-Kindergarten (UPK)\u003c/a> initiative, income-eligible families can enroll in federal Head Start programs, the California State Preschool Program or subsidized early learning programs such as home-based “family child care” or private preschools.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>CSPP offers part-day and full-day options for 2- to 4-year-olds.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"https://www.cde.ca.gov/sp/cd/ci/mb2306.asp\">Click here to\u003c/a> find out whether you meet the income requirement to enroll your child in CSPP.\u003c/p>\n\u003ch2>Where can I find more information?\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>The state has set up a \u003ca href=\"https://cauniversalprek.org/families/\">website with information about UPK\u003c/a>. To find a program in your area, start with your local school district. You can also explore parent forums or groups on social media.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Parents can also search for child care that meets their specific needs via \u003ca href=\"http://mychildcareplan.org\">MyChildCarePlan.org\u003c/a>, a search tool supported by California’s network of resource and referral agencies.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>If there’s a question you have we didn’t include, feel free to reach out to us — \u003ca href=\"mailto:daisynguyen@kqed.org\">Daisy Nguyen \u003c/a>or \u003ca href=\"mailto:eyu@laist.com\">Elly Yu\u003c/a> — and we’ll do our best to find answers.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cp>\u003cstrong>\u003cem>This story was reported for K Onda KQED, a monthly newsletter focused on the Bay Area’s Latinx community. \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/newsletters/k-onda\">Click here to subscribe\u003c/a>.\u003c/em>\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Santa Clara native Abril Dorado has loved mariachi music for as long as she can remember. Every time she saw a mariachi perform, she thought, “I want to do that, too.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The 19-year-old picked up the violin in middle school. Her parents steered her toward classical music, but her interest in mariachi didn’t wane. She proved her talent when she surprised her parents at her quinceñera by performing two songs: an instrumental track and a cover of Solamente una Vez.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“I made them cry,” she said with a tone of satisfaction.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>I met Dorado on a recent Friday morning when she \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/forum/2010101910702/mariachi-san-jose-performs-live-in-studio\">performed live with Mariachi San José\u003c/a> on Forum at KQED, the show I work on as a producer. She was the first to arrive, wearing her elegant black charro outfit.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“I started with classical music, but I love my culture and I wanted to play mariachi music so bad,” she said. “I’m doing what I love most.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Dorado, a student at De Anza College in Cupertino, is among a growing number of young people in the Bay Area pursuing mariachi music. More Northern California schools are adding academic programs in an effort to catch up to more established offerings in places such as Southern California and Texas.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Mariachi San José is based at San José State University, which last year hired ethnomusicologist Jose Torres-Ramos to establish a mariachi studies program in the School of Music. The ensemble appeared on Forum to \u003ca href=\"https://www.schoolofartsandculture.org/fiesta-del-mariachi\">promote Fiesta Del Mariachi\u003c/a> in San José on July 26. The perennial event draws local and nationally recognized mariachi groups.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“(Mariachi) is very infectious music because it has a lot of energy. It has a lot of sentiment,” Torres-Ramos said. “It sounds so cliche, but it’s very true that once you start playing mariachi, you fall in love with it and it becomes a passion.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_12049747\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 2000px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-full wp-image-12049747\" src=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2025/07/250725-K-ONDA-AUGUST-MD-01-KQED.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"2000\" height=\"1334\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2025/07/250725-K-ONDA-AUGUST-MD-01-KQED.jpg 2000w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2025/07/250725-K-ONDA-AUGUST-MD-01-KQED-160x107.jpg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2025/07/250725-K-ONDA-AUGUST-MD-01-KQED-1536x1025.jpg 1536w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 2000px) 100vw, 2000px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Members of Mariachi San José performed on Forum on July 25, 2025. From right to left: Jorge Dovalina, José R. Torres-Ramos, Thomas Hernández, Anthony Cera, Debra Barrera and Abril Dorado. \u003ccite>(Martin do Nascimento/KQED)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Mariachi is considered Mexico’s most popular musical genre, with fans and devotees spanning the globe. It’s also an older style that originated in the 18th century in the western state of Jalisco — and yet it is constantly evolving, keeping it fresh and relevant to young people.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Torres-Ramos, a Texas native, is well-versed in the intensity of high school mariachi programs there, where regional and state competitions are just as competitive as football. This dynamic is beautifully captured in the 2024 Netflix documentary \u003cem>\u003ca href=\"https://www.netflix.com/title/81749914\">Going Varsity in Mariachi\u003c/a>\u003c/em>, which you should definitely watch if you haven’t.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“If you’re Latino like I am, my father’s from Puerto Rico and my mother is of Mexican heritage, it’s a music that’s very much identified with Latino culture in general because its popularity spans throughout all of Latin America, not just in Mexico,” Torres-Ramos said. “When I started playing it, it was the one place where I could go and practice my culture. It made me feel like I could sing in Spanish.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Like Dorado, I grew up hearing mariachi at special events or at home on the radio. I have a deep love for many of Mexico’s music genres — cumbia, nortena and banda — for dancing and parties, but when it comes to music that really encapsulates the emotionality of life, no other genre can match mariachi.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Many people associate mariachi with background music at a Mexican restaurant. In fact, one listener wrote into Forum to ask if mariachi was only happy and festive. “Are there any sad mariachi songs?” the listener wrote.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Mexican culture tends to prize stoicism, valiance and strength during hard times, but it’s perfectly acceptable to sob loudly during a mariachi song. The lyrics and melodies provide an outlet for complicated feelings.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11957045\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 2000px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-full wp-image-11957045\" src=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2023/08/RS67482_230730-MariachiBonitasWedding-18-BL-KQED.jpg\" alt=\"Women wearing ornate white outfits sing and play instruments in an outdoor setting as a child in a suit runs by.\" width=\"2000\" height=\"1333\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2023/08/RS67482_230730-MariachiBonitasWedding-18-BL-KQED.jpg 2000w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2023/08/RS67482_230730-MariachiBonitasWedding-18-BL-KQED-800x533.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2023/08/RS67482_230730-MariachiBonitasWedding-18-BL-KQED-1020x680.jpg 1020w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2023/08/RS67482_230730-MariachiBonitasWedding-18-BL-KQED-160x107.jpg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2023/08/RS67482_230730-MariachiBonitasWedding-18-BL-KQED-1536x1024.jpg 1536w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2023/08/RS67482_230730-MariachiBonitasWedding-18-BL-KQED-1920x1280.jpg 1920w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 2000px) 100vw, 2000px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">The group Mariachi Bonitas performs during a wedding at Grand Island Mansion in Walnut Grove, Calif., on July 30, 2023. The group of all-women musicians performs throughout Northern California. \u003ccite>(Beth LaBerge/KQED)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>My family has hired mariachi bands for weddings, funerals and milestone birthdays. In 2020, we had planned a big party for my mother’s 80th birthday, but had to cancel those plans because of the pandemic. Instead, we surprised her with a private mariachi concert in our backyard with just immediate family.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Hearing one of my favorite ranchera songs in the car, such as \u003cem>\u003ca href=\"https://www.npr.org/2019/08/11/749901083/juan-gabriels-amor-eterno-takes-on-new-meaning-after-el-paso-shooting\">Amor Eterno (Eternal Love)\u003c/a>\u003c/em>, a standard about losing a loved one, can bring me to tears.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Besides its emotional resonance, “there is so much pride in listening to and singing mariachi,” Dorado told me. This kind of music isn’t just an artistic and cultural import; it also affirms cultural identity and combats the erasure of Mexican heritage in the United States.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Mariachi education is especially important when the current presidential administration has attacked diversity programs, and California is walking back its plan to require high school students to take one ethnic studies class before graduation.[aside postID=news_11963416 hero='https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2023/08/RS67515_230726-MariachiBonitasDinorahKlingler-07-BL-KQED.jpg']In the Bay Area, school districts in Castro Valley, Pleasanton and Alum Rock in San José offer mariachi instruction. \u003ca href=\"https://www.loscenzontles.com/\">Los Cenzontles\u003c/a> in San Pablo, \u003ca href=\"http://www.mariachiacademy.org/\">Mariachi Academy of Music\u003c/a> in San José and Gilroy and \u003ca href=\"https://lutherburbankcenter.org/education/for-community/mariachi-ensemble/\">Luther Burbank Center for the Arts\u003c/a> in Santa Rosa offer private programs.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>A group from Sonoma County recently placed third in the \u003ca href=\"https://castatefair.com/viva-el-mariachi-2025-youth-mariachi-competition-2/\">California State Fair’s Viva El Mariachi youth competition\u003c/a> on July 20, which drew nine teams from counties across the state.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Opportunities for youth groups to compete and perform in public are less common in Northern California than they are in the southern part of the state, yet they are vital to a music education,” said Ashleigh Worley, director of education and community engagement for Luther Burbank Center, the organization that trained and sponsored the Sonoma County team, which was the only ensemble from the Bay Area that participated in the statewide competition.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Dorado wasn’t sure how to follow through on her desire to play mariachi until one of her instructors from the youth symphony connected her with Torres-Ramos to see if she could practice with Mariachi San José. She ended up joining as a member.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The group’s performance at the Fiesta del Mariachi was exhilarating, she said. Even practicing for eight hours a day for weeks leading up to the performance was “fun.” She plans to transfer to San José State to pursue a career as a speech pathologist and to continue learning and playing mariachi.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“I am going to take mariachi as far as I can. I would love to perform on big stages,” Dorado said. “I just want to do it. It makes me happy whether I play with a big professional group or a small group.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad floatright]\u003c/p>\n",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>\u003cstrong>\u003cem>This story was reported for K Onda KQED, a monthly newsletter focused on the Bay Area’s Latinx community. \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/newsletters/k-onda\">Click here to subscribe\u003c/a>.\u003c/em>\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Santa Clara native Abril Dorado has loved mariachi music for as long as she can remember. Every time she saw a mariachi perform, she thought, “I want to do that, too.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The 19-year-old picked up the violin in middle school. Her parents steered her toward classical music, but her interest in mariachi didn’t wane. She proved her talent when she surprised her parents at her quinceñera by performing two songs: an instrumental track and a cover of Solamente una Vez.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“I made them cry,” she said with a tone of satisfaction.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>I met Dorado on a recent Friday morning when she \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/forum/2010101910702/mariachi-san-jose-performs-live-in-studio\">performed live with Mariachi San José\u003c/a> on Forum at KQED, the show I work on as a producer. She was the first to arrive, wearing her elegant black charro outfit.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“I started with classical music, but I love my culture and I wanted to play mariachi music so bad,” she said. “I’m doing what I love most.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Dorado, a student at De Anza College in Cupertino, is among a growing number of young people in the Bay Area pursuing mariachi music. More Northern California schools are adding academic programs in an effort to catch up to more established offerings in places such as Southern California and Texas.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Mariachi San José is based at San José State University, which last year hired ethnomusicologist Jose Torres-Ramos to establish a mariachi studies program in the School of Music. The ensemble appeared on Forum to \u003ca href=\"https://www.schoolofartsandculture.org/fiesta-del-mariachi\">promote Fiesta Del Mariachi\u003c/a> in San José on July 26. The perennial event draws local and nationally recognized mariachi groups.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“(Mariachi) is very infectious music because it has a lot of energy. It has a lot of sentiment,” Torres-Ramos said. “It sounds so cliche, but it’s very true that once you start playing mariachi, you fall in love with it and it becomes a passion.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_12049747\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 2000px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-full wp-image-12049747\" src=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2025/07/250725-K-ONDA-AUGUST-MD-01-KQED.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"2000\" height=\"1334\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2025/07/250725-K-ONDA-AUGUST-MD-01-KQED.jpg 2000w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2025/07/250725-K-ONDA-AUGUST-MD-01-KQED-160x107.jpg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2025/07/250725-K-ONDA-AUGUST-MD-01-KQED-1536x1025.jpg 1536w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 2000px) 100vw, 2000px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Members of Mariachi San José performed on Forum on July 25, 2025. From right to left: Jorge Dovalina, José R. Torres-Ramos, Thomas Hernández, Anthony Cera, Debra Barrera and Abril Dorado. \u003ccite>(Martin do Nascimento/KQED)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Mariachi is considered Mexico’s most popular musical genre, with fans and devotees spanning the globe. It’s also an older style that originated in the 18th century in the western state of Jalisco — and yet it is constantly evolving, keeping it fresh and relevant to young people.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Torres-Ramos, a Texas native, is well-versed in the intensity of high school mariachi programs there, where regional and state competitions are just as competitive as football. This dynamic is beautifully captured in the 2024 Netflix documentary \u003cem>\u003ca href=\"https://www.netflix.com/title/81749914\">Going Varsity in Mariachi\u003c/a>\u003c/em>, which you should definitely watch if you haven’t.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“If you’re Latino like I am, my father’s from Puerto Rico and my mother is of Mexican heritage, it’s a music that’s very much identified with Latino culture in general because its popularity spans throughout all of Latin America, not just in Mexico,” Torres-Ramos said. “When I started playing it, it was the one place where I could go and practice my culture. It made me feel like I could sing in Spanish.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Like Dorado, I grew up hearing mariachi at special events or at home on the radio. I have a deep love for many of Mexico’s music genres — cumbia, nortena and banda — for dancing and parties, but when it comes to music that really encapsulates the emotionality of life, no other genre can match mariachi.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Many people associate mariachi with background music at a Mexican restaurant. In fact, one listener wrote into Forum to ask if mariachi was only happy and festive. “Are there any sad mariachi songs?” the listener wrote.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Mexican culture tends to prize stoicism, valiance and strength during hard times, but it’s perfectly acceptable to sob loudly during a mariachi song. The lyrics and melodies provide an outlet for complicated feelings.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11957045\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 2000px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-full wp-image-11957045\" src=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2023/08/RS67482_230730-MariachiBonitasWedding-18-BL-KQED.jpg\" alt=\"Women wearing ornate white outfits sing and play instruments in an outdoor setting as a child in a suit runs by.\" width=\"2000\" height=\"1333\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2023/08/RS67482_230730-MariachiBonitasWedding-18-BL-KQED.jpg 2000w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2023/08/RS67482_230730-MariachiBonitasWedding-18-BL-KQED-800x533.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2023/08/RS67482_230730-MariachiBonitasWedding-18-BL-KQED-1020x680.jpg 1020w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2023/08/RS67482_230730-MariachiBonitasWedding-18-BL-KQED-160x107.jpg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2023/08/RS67482_230730-MariachiBonitasWedding-18-BL-KQED-1536x1024.jpg 1536w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2023/08/RS67482_230730-MariachiBonitasWedding-18-BL-KQED-1920x1280.jpg 1920w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 2000px) 100vw, 2000px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">The group Mariachi Bonitas performs during a wedding at Grand Island Mansion in Walnut Grove, Calif., on July 30, 2023. The group of all-women musicians performs throughout Northern California. \u003ccite>(Beth LaBerge/KQED)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>My family has hired mariachi bands for weddings, funerals and milestone birthdays. In 2020, we had planned a big party for my mother’s 80th birthday, but had to cancel those plans because of the pandemic. Instead, we surprised her with a private mariachi concert in our backyard with just immediate family.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Hearing one of my favorite ranchera songs in the car, such as \u003cem>\u003ca href=\"https://www.npr.org/2019/08/11/749901083/juan-gabriels-amor-eterno-takes-on-new-meaning-after-el-paso-shooting\">Amor Eterno (Eternal Love)\u003c/a>\u003c/em>, a standard about losing a loved one, can bring me to tears.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Besides its emotional resonance, “there is so much pride in listening to and singing mariachi,” Dorado told me. This kind of music isn’t just an artistic and cultural import; it also affirms cultural identity and combats the erasure of Mexican heritage in the United States.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Mariachi education is especially important when the current presidential administration has attacked diversity programs, and California is walking back its plan to require high school students to take one ethnic studies class before graduation.\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>In the Bay Area, school districts in Castro Valley, Pleasanton and Alum Rock in San José offer mariachi instruction. \u003ca href=\"https://www.loscenzontles.com/\">Los Cenzontles\u003c/a> in San Pablo, \u003ca href=\"http://www.mariachiacademy.org/\">Mariachi Academy of Music\u003c/a> in San José and Gilroy and \u003ca href=\"https://lutherburbankcenter.org/education/for-community/mariachi-ensemble/\">Luther Burbank Center for the Arts\u003c/a> in Santa Rosa offer private programs.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>A group from Sonoma County recently placed third in the \u003ca href=\"https://castatefair.com/viva-el-mariachi-2025-youth-mariachi-competition-2/\">California State Fair’s Viva El Mariachi youth competition\u003c/a> on July 20, which drew nine teams from counties across the state.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Opportunities for youth groups to compete and perform in public are less common in Northern California than they are in the southern part of the state, yet they are vital to a music education,” said Ashleigh Worley, director of education and community engagement for Luther Burbank Center, the organization that trained and sponsored the Sonoma County team, which was the only ensemble from the Bay Area that participated in the statewide competition.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Dorado wasn’t sure how to follow through on her desire to play mariachi until one of her instructors from the youth symphony connected her with Torres-Ramos to see if she could practice with Mariachi San José. She ended up joining as a member.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The group’s performance at the Fiesta del Mariachi was exhilarating, she said. Even practicing for eight hours a day for weeks leading up to the performance was “fun.” She plans to transfer to San José State to pursue a career as a speech pathologist and to continue learning and playing mariachi.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“I am going to take mariachi as far as I can. I would love to perform on big stages,” Dorado said. “I just want to do it. It makes me happy whether I play with a big professional group or a small group.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cp>When Armando Herrera got out of drug treatment last year, he returned to the streets of\u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/news/tag/san-francisco\"> San Francisco\u003c/a> — still unhoused, but in a better place than he’d been in years.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>He’d kicked his addiction to alcohol and meth, regained a sense of confidence and reconnected with his kids. Ten months away from the chaos of street life had given him something like stability. But back outside, he found the ground had shifted.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Before rehab, he could set up his tent in one spot and leave it there for weeks. Now, the rules of survival had changed.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“You can’t leave [your tent],” he said. “The first time, they give you a warning. The second time, they give you a ticket. The third time you go to jail.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>So these days, he camps near an industrial building with two others, but never for very long. They arrive late, set up after dark and break down again before sunrise in a daily cycle of, as he puts it, “Go and come back, go and come back, go and come back.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_12046792\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 2000px\">\u003ca href=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2025/07/250701-GRANTSPASS-03-BL-KQED.jpg\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-full wp-image-12046792\" src=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2025/07/250701-GRANTSPASS-03-BL-KQED.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"2000\" height=\"1333\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2025/07/250701-GRANTSPASS-03-BL-KQED.jpg 2000w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2025/07/250701-GRANTSPASS-03-BL-KQED-160x107.jpg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2025/07/250701-GRANTSPASS-03-BL-KQED-1536x1024.jpg 1536w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 2000px) 100vw, 2000px\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Armando Herrera Vargas (left) talks with a friend at The Gubbio Project in San Francisco on July 1, 2025, with his belongings nearby. The project provides a safe place for unhoused people to rest during the day inside local churches. \u003ccite>(Beth LaBerge/KQED)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>That routine has kept Herrera out of jail, but it hasn’t \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/housing\">gotten him off the street\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>A decade into homelessness, he’s navigating a new and \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/news/12046259\">more aggressive era of street enforcement\u003c/a> in San Francisco, one shaped by last year’s \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/news/11991340/supreme-court-says-laws-criminalizing-homeless-camping-do-not-violate-constitution\">U.S. Supreme Court ruling\u003c/a> giving cities broad authority to punish people for sleeping outside, even when there are no shelter beds available.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Since then, some 50 cities statewide have passed or strengthened anti-camping ordinances, according to a \u003ca href=\"https://papers.ssrn.com/sol3/papers.cfm?abstract_id=5257640\">May report\u003c/a> from UC Berkeley. San Francisco has \u003ca href=\"https://www.npr.org/2024/09/30/nx-s1-5094930/supreme-court-homeless-camps-san-francisco\">leaned into a tougher stance\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Since July of last year, the city conducted at least 471 encampment sweeps and placed over 900 people into shelters. Meanwhile, police arrested more than 1,100 people for “lodging without permission,” essentially public camping, and the city’s district attorney \u003ca href=\"https://data.sfgov.org/Public-Safety/District-Attorney-Cases-Prosecuted/dcjk-vw8q/data_preview\">filed charges\u003c/a> in just over 250 of those cases. So far, about 100 \u003ca href=\"https://data.sfgov.org/Public-Safety/District-Attorney-Case-Resolutions/ynfy-z5kt/data_preview\">have been resolved\u003c/a>, most through diversion programs that allow people to avoid a criminal record if they meet certain conditions.[aside postID=news_12050701 hero='https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2025/07/250722-SHELTERFAMILIES-08-BL-KQED.jpg']Those efforts have reshaped the streets and changed the lives of unhoused residents like Herrera.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Herrera has a warm, slightly weary demeanor, with a smile that reveals straight white teeth and deep creases around his brown eyes. He’s 53 and has lived in San Francisco for three decades. He said he moved here from Mexico City and married an American citizen. He had three kids, a home and a furniture restoration business. Then it all unraveled.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“It’s been kinda like chaos for the last 15 years,” he said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The details and timeline of his story are a little murky. He said after the 2008 financial crisis, his business failed, then he worked for someone else in the furniture business until a job injury ended that, too. He said his wife died, and he lost contact with his kids. His disability benefits provided enough income to pay for a place to live or for food and essentials, but not both. In 2014, he lost his home.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>For a while, he got by in cheap hotels, selling what he had until there was nothing left.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“That’s when I started seeing people putting tents everywhere,” he said. “I was like, ‘Well, might as well do the same,’ since I really got no place to go.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11998912\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 2000px\">\u003ca href=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/08/240801-ENCAMPMENT-SWEEPS-MD-01_qed.jpg\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-full wp-image-11998912\" src=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/08/240801-ENCAMPMENT-SWEEPS-MD-01_qed.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"2000\" height=\"1333\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/08/240801-ENCAMPMENT-SWEEPS-MD-01_qed.jpg 2000w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/08/240801-ENCAMPMENT-SWEEPS-MD-01_qed-800x533.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/08/240801-ENCAMPMENT-SWEEPS-MD-01_qed-1020x680.jpg 1020w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/08/240801-ENCAMPMENT-SWEEPS-MD-01_qed-160x107.jpg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/08/240801-ENCAMPMENT-SWEEPS-MD-01_qed-1536x1024.jpg 1536w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/08/240801-ENCAMPMENT-SWEEPS-MD-01_qed-1920x1280.jpg 1920w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 2000px) 100vw, 2000px\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">A man experiencing homelessness packs up his belongings in anticipation of an encampment sweep by San Francisco’s Department of Public Works around Showplace Square on Aug. 1, 2024. \u003ccite>(Martin do Nascimento/KQED)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>He camped with others for safety and a sense of belonging. “Being homeless and then being alone, you just feel like you don’t belong,” he said. “That’s when depression comes.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Eventually, he was arrested for possessing a stolen bike — something he said he bought off the street. From jail, he entered a diversion program, which led him to rehab. That’s where he was when the Supreme Court handed down its decision.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Then-Mayor London Breed was among the first in the state to begin enforcing a crackdown on public camping, vowing to make people sleeping outside “so uncomfortable on the streets of San Francisco that they have to take our offer [of shelter]” in part by authorizing police to issue citations, which could lead to misdemeanors.[aside postID=news_12050263 hero='https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2025/07/250722-ShelterFamilies-09-BL_qed.jpg']Back outside, Herrera found fewer tents and fewer familiar faces. “All the people that I knew back then, they’re gone,” he said. “I don’t know if it’s because they have housing now … they just totally disappear.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>To keep from getting ticketed, Herrera learned to stay mobile. He got a storage unit and bought an electric scooter, lashing a city garbage can to it so he could haul his supplies.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“You have to carry all the stuff everywhere you go,” he said. “It’s a pain in the butt being in the street and not being comfortable and not being in a place where you can lay your head and take a nap.” He said it’s exhausting to be around people constantly.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>For all the ways the new era has made Herrera’s life harder, he said there are some upsides.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The crackdown on encampments has changed the way housed residents treat him. In the past, when he had a messy camp near businesses, he said owners dumped water on his tent, and once, he suspects, even set fire to it. “They were always calling the cops,” he said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Now that he moves his tent daily, he said some of those same business owners smile at him. “They do treat me differently,” he said. “They always say hi.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_12046789\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 2000px\">\u003ca href=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2025/07/250617-GRANTSPASSDECISIONANNI-03-BL-KQED.jpg\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-full wp-image-12046789\" src=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2025/07/250617-GRANTSPASSDECISIONANNI-03-BL-KQED.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"2000\" height=\"1333\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2025/07/250617-GRANTSPASSDECISIONANNI-03-BL-KQED.jpg 2000w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2025/07/250617-GRANTSPASSDECISIONANNI-03-BL-KQED-160x107.jpg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2025/07/250617-GRANTSPASSDECISIONANNI-03-BL-KQED-1536x1024.jpg 1536w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 2000px) 100vw, 2000px\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Kathy Vaughn, a tenant organizer and peer counselor with Tenderloin Housing Clinic, stands near her apartment in the Tenderloin neighborhood of San Francisco on June 17, 2025. \u003ccite>(Beth LaBerge/KQED)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>In the parts of the city hardest hit by homelessness, business owners and residents have long said encampments make their lives miserable — driving away customers and forcing them to dodge syringes and human waste on the sidewalk. Some say things have improved since the sweeps ramped up. Others say not much has changed.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>For Kathy Vaughn, a Tenderloin resident, the difference is personal.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“I just felt like nobody gave a damn,” she said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Before, she had to walk in the street, dodging cars, to avoid the tents that stretched from her doorway to the corner store. “It was like literally a nightmare to try to get through this neighborhood,” she said.[aside postID=news_12049612 hero='https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2025/07/250723-SHELTERFAMILIES-05-BL-KQED.jpg']Vaughn was homeless herself once, and said she has empathy for unhoused people, but she supports the city’s more aggressive approach. “I love my neighborhood. I love the people,” she said. “I wanna see it even better.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Herrera said he didn’t like the old status quo either. He hated feeling like a nuisance.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“It’s better for both of us. I never thought it was a good thing,” he said of setting up camp in front of businesses and apartment buildings. “I did it because I needed it.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>While he may be keeping a lower profile now and making life easier for business owners and housed residents, he’s still homeless. He said he wants to work. He had a job with the Salvation Army for a few months, and eventually hopes to get back to restoring furniture.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“I need a place I can stay so I can go on with my life,” he said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>He recently got a break: his social worker told him some housing had finally opened up.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“I was like ‘No, I can’t believe it!’ I almost started crying,” he said. “I gave her a big hug.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Herrera had few details about the offer at the time, but was expecting to move in within the next few weeks. It’s not clear if that happened. He hasn’t answered his phone since.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad floatright]\u003c/p>\n",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>When Armando Herrera got out of drug treatment last year, he returned to the streets of\u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/news/tag/san-francisco\"> San Francisco\u003c/a> — still unhoused, but in a better place than he’d been in years.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>He’d kicked his addiction to alcohol and meth, regained a sense of confidence and reconnected with his kids. Ten months away from the chaos of street life had given him something like stability. But back outside, he found the ground had shifted.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Before rehab, he could set up his tent in one spot and leave it there for weeks. Now, the rules of survival had changed.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“You can’t leave [your tent],” he said. “The first time, they give you a warning. The second time, they give you a ticket. The third time you go to jail.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>So these days, he camps near an industrial building with two others, but never for very long. They arrive late, set up after dark and break down again before sunrise in a daily cycle of, as he puts it, “Go and come back, go and come back, go and come back.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_12046792\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 2000px\">\u003ca href=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2025/07/250701-GRANTSPASS-03-BL-KQED.jpg\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-full wp-image-12046792\" src=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2025/07/250701-GRANTSPASS-03-BL-KQED.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"2000\" height=\"1333\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2025/07/250701-GRANTSPASS-03-BL-KQED.jpg 2000w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2025/07/250701-GRANTSPASS-03-BL-KQED-160x107.jpg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2025/07/250701-GRANTSPASS-03-BL-KQED-1536x1024.jpg 1536w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 2000px) 100vw, 2000px\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Armando Herrera Vargas (left) talks with a friend at The Gubbio Project in San Francisco on July 1, 2025, with his belongings nearby. The project provides a safe place for unhoused people to rest during the day inside local churches. \u003ccite>(Beth LaBerge/KQED)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>That routine has kept Herrera out of jail, but it hasn’t \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/housing\">gotten him off the street\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>A decade into homelessness, he’s navigating a new and \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/news/12046259\">more aggressive era of street enforcement\u003c/a> in San Francisco, one shaped by last year’s \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/news/11991340/supreme-court-says-laws-criminalizing-homeless-camping-do-not-violate-constitution\">U.S. Supreme Court ruling\u003c/a> giving cities broad authority to punish people for sleeping outside, even when there are no shelter beds available.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Since then, some 50 cities statewide have passed or strengthened anti-camping ordinances, according to a \u003ca href=\"https://papers.ssrn.com/sol3/papers.cfm?abstract_id=5257640\">May report\u003c/a> from UC Berkeley. San Francisco has \u003ca href=\"https://www.npr.org/2024/09/30/nx-s1-5094930/supreme-court-homeless-camps-san-francisco\">leaned into a tougher stance\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Since July of last year, the city conducted at least 471 encampment sweeps and placed over 900 people into shelters. Meanwhile, police arrested more than 1,100 people for “lodging without permission,” essentially public camping, and the city’s district attorney \u003ca href=\"https://data.sfgov.org/Public-Safety/District-Attorney-Cases-Prosecuted/dcjk-vw8q/data_preview\">filed charges\u003c/a> in just over 250 of those cases. So far, about 100 \u003ca href=\"https://data.sfgov.org/Public-Safety/District-Attorney-Case-Resolutions/ynfy-z5kt/data_preview\">have been resolved\u003c/a>, most through diversion programs that allow people to avoid a criminal record if they meet certain conditions.\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>Those efforts have reshaped the streets and changed the lives of unhoused residents like Herrera.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Herrera has a warm, slightly weary demeanor, with a smile that reveals straight white teeth and deep creases around his brown eyes. He’s 53 and has lived in San Francisco for three decades. He said he moved here from Mexico City and married an American citizen. He had three kids, a home and a furniture restoration business. Then it all unraveled.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“It’s been kinda like chaos for the last 15 years,” he said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The details and timeline of his story are a little murky. He said after the 2008 financial crisis, his business failed, then he worked for someone else in the furniture business until a job injury ended that, too. He said his wife died, and he lost contact with his kids. His disability benefits provided enough income to pay for a place to live or for food and essentials, but not both. In 2014, he lost his home.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>For a while, he got by in cheap hotels, selling what he had until there was nothing left.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“That’s when I started seeing people putting tents everywhere,” he said. “I was like, ‘Well, might as well do the same,’ since I really got no place to go.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11998912\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 2000px\">\u003ca href=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/08/240801-ENCAMPMENT-SWEEPS-MD-01_qed.jpg\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-full wp-image-11998912\" src=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/08/240801-ENCAMPMENT-SWEEPS-MD-01_qed.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"2000\" height=\"1333\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/08/240801-ENCAMPMENT-SWEEPS-MD-01_qed.jpg 2000w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/08/240801-ENCAMPMENT-SWEEPS-MD-01_qed-800x533.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/08/240801-ENCAMPMENT-SWEEPS-MD-01_qed-1020x680.jpg 1020w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/08/240801-ENCAMPMENT-SWEEPS-MD-01_qed-160x107.jpg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/08/240801-ENCAMPMENT-SWEEPS-MD-01_qed-1536x1024.jpg 1536w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/08/240801-ENCAMPMENT-SWEEPS-MD-01_qed-1920x1280.jpg 1920w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 2000px) 100vw, 2000px\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">A man experiencing homelessness packs up his belongings in anticipation of an encampment sweep by San Francisco’s Department of Public Works around Showplace Square on Aug. 1, 2024. \u003ccite>(Martin do Nascimento/KQED)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>He camped with others for safety and a sense of belonging. “Being homeless and then being alone, you just feel like you don’t belong,” he said. “That’s when depression comes.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Eventually, he was arrested for possessing a stolen bike — something he said he bought off the street. From jail, he entered a diversion program, which led him to rehab. That’s where he was when the Supreme Court handed down its decision.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Then-Mayor London Breed was among the first in the state to begin enforcing a crackdown on public camping, vowing to make people sleeping outside “so uncomfortable on the streets of San Francisco that they have to take our offer [of shelter]” in part by authorizing police to issue citations, which could lead to misdemeanors.\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>Back outside, Herrera found fewer tents and fewer familiar faces. “All the people that I knew back then, they’re gone,” he said. “I don’t know if it’s because they have housing now … they just totally disappear.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>To keep from getting ticketed, Herrera learned to stay mobile. He got a storage unit and bought an electric scooter, lashing a city garbage can to it so he could haul his supplies.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“You have to carry all the stuff everywhere you go,” he said. “It’s a pain in the butt being in the street and not being comfortable and not being in a place where you can lay your head and take a nap.” He said it’s exhausting to be around people constantly.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>For all the ways the new era has made Herrera’s life harder, he said there are some upsides.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The crackdown on encampments has changed the way housed residents treat him. In the past, when he had a messy camp near businesses, he said owners dumped water on his tent, and once, he suspects, even set fire to it. “They were always calling the cops,” he said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Now that he moves his tent daily, he said some of those same business owners smile at him. “They do treat me differently,” he said. “They always say hi.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_12046789\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 2000px\">\u003ca href=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2025/07/250617-GRANTSPASSDECISIONANNI-03-BL-KQED.jpg\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-full wp-image-12046789\" src=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2025/07/250617-GRANTSPASSDECISIONANNI-03-BL-KQED.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"2000\" height=\"1333\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2025/07/250617-GRANTSPASSDECISIONANNI-03-BL-KQED.jpg 2000w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2025/07/250617-GRANTSPASSDECISIONANNI-03-BL-KQED-160x107.jpg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2025/07/250617-GRANTSPASSDECISIONANNI-03-BL-KQED-1536x1024.jpg 1536w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 2000px) 100vw, 2000px\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Kathy Vaughn, a tenant organizer and peer counselor with Tenderloin Housing Clinic, stands near her apartment in the Tenderloin neighborhood of San Francisco on June 17, 2025. \u003ccite>(Beth LaBerge/KQED)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>In the parts of the city hardest hit by homelessness, business owners and residents have long said encampments make their lives miserable — driving away customers and forcing them to dodge syringes and human waste on the sidewalk. Some say things have improved since the sweeps ramped up. Others say not much has changed.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>For Kathy Vaughn, a Tenderloin resident, the difference is personal.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“I just felt like nobody gave a damn,” she said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Before, she had to walk in the street, dodging cars, to avoid the tents that stretched from her doorway to the corner store. “It was like literally a nightmare to try to get through this neighborhood,” she said.\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>Vaughn was homeless herself once, and said she has empathy for unhoused people, but she supports the city’s more aggressive approach. “I love my neighborhood. I love the people,” she said. “I wanna see it even better.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Herrera said he didn’t like the old status quo either. He hated feeling like a nuisance.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“It’s better for both of us. I never thought it was a good thing,” he said of setting up camp in front of businesses and apartment buildings. “I did it because I needed it.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>While he may be keeping a lower profile now and making life easier for business owners and housed residents, he’s still homeless. He said he wants to work. He had a job with the Salvation Army for a few months, and eventually hopes to get back to restoring furniture.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“I need a place I can stay so I can go on with my life,” he said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>He recently got a break: his social worker told him some housing had finally opened up.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“I was like ‘No, I can’t believe it!’ I almost started crying,” he said. “I gave her a big hug.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Herrera had few details about the offer at the time, but was expecting to move in within the next few weeks. It’s not clear if that happened. He hasn’t answered his phone since.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"slug": "fearing-deportation-international-students-go-silent-at-californias-universities",
"title": "Fearing Deportation, International Students Go Silent at California’s Universities",
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"headTitle": "Fearing Deportation, International Students Go Silent at California’s Universities | KQED",
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"content": "\u003cp>\u003c!-- Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/ -->\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>This story was originally published by \u003ca href=\"https://calmatters.org/\">CalMatters\u003c/a>. \u003ca href=\"https://calmatters.org/subscribe-to-calmatters/\">Sign up\u003c/a> for their newsletters.\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>International college students are learning that speech isn’t as free as they thought in the United States. After President Donald Trump began his second term, hundreds of international students lost their student status as part of an executive order cracking down on immigration and alleged antisemitism.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>While lawsuits resulted in many of those students having their status reinstated since April, the uncertainty of it happening again has created fear among international students, particularly within the University of California system, where international students make up 13.6% of student enrollment as of Fall 2024.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Some international students told CalMatters they have changed their involvement in campus activities, from the routes they take on campus to avoid free speech areas, to the topics they include in their research projects, to scrubbing their social media posts and limiting their political activism.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The fear began spreading in late January, when the White House \u003ca href=\"https://www.whitehouse.gov/fact-sheets/2025/01/fact-sheet-president-donald-j-trump-takes-forceful-and-unprecedented-steps-to-combat-anti-semitism/\">released a fact sheet\u003c/a> about Trump’s \u003ca href=\"https://www.federalregister.gov/documents/2025/02/03/2025-02230/additional-measures-to-combat-anti-semitism\">Executive Order 14188\u003c/a>, “Additional Measures to Combat Anti-Semitism,” stating, “resident aliens who joined in the pro-jihadist protests, we put you on notice: come 2025, we will find you, and we will deport you.” Additionally, it mentioned cancelling visas of “Hamas sympathizers” on college campuses.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Since then, there have been a few high-profile arrests of international students, including Mahmoud Khalil at Columbia University, a legal permanent resident who was involved in leading pro-Palestinian protests, and Rümeysa Öztürk at Tufts University, a Turkish national who co-wrote an op-ed asking her university to divest. \u003ca href=\"https://www.npr.org/2025/06/23/nx-s1-5441691/mahmoud-khalil-interview\">Khalil\u003c/a> has since been released on bail and \u003ca href=\"https://www.npr.org/2025/05/09/nx-s1-5393055/tufts-student-rumeysa-ozturk-ordered-freed-from-immigration-detention\">Öztürk\u003c/a> was released by order of a federal judge. Still, these detentions have triggered concerns among international students about how their actions could be used against them.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[aside postID=news_12051521 hero='https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2025/08/UCLAAP.jpg']\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Additionally, U.S. Secretary of State Marco Rubio recently \u003ca href=\"https://calmatters.org/education/higher-education/2025/05/chinese-student-visas-california-trump/\">announced\u003c/a> the U.S. would start “aggressively” revoking Chinese student visas, more specifically, those with ties to the Chinese Communist Party or studying in fields that are considered “critical.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Federal officials haven’t released any information about how many international students had their status revoked, or which campuses they attend. However, \u003ca href=\"https://www.insidehighered.com/news/global/international-students-us/2025/04/07/where-students-have-had-their-visas-revoked\">Inside Higher Ed\u003c/a> compiled news reports of more than 1,800 students nationwide, including over 200 in California, whose status were revoked in the spring.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>CalMatters reached out to all 10 UC campuses inquiring about the number of international students who have had their statuses reinstated, but only two responded. As of April 28, UC San Diego’s 35 terminated student visas had been reactivated, and one student was deported. At UC Santa Barbara, 11 of the 12 visas had been reinstated, though the “situation remains fluid,” said Media Relations Manager Kiki Reyes.\u003c/p>\n\u003ch2>\u003cstrong>International students are chilling their speech\u003c/strong>\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>None of the international students interviewed for this story wanted their names or areas of study published due to fears of being identified and having their status revoked for speaking publicly.[aside postID=forum_2010101909645 hero='https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/43/2025/04/GettyImages-2205113389-1-1020x574.jpg']At UC Berkeley, a sophomore told CalMatters that she was involved in campus activism for about a year and a half until about March, when she saw international students losing their visas and heard rumors of immigration enforcement agents on campus. Her thoughts on protesting have changed drastically. “Everything I say can be used against me,” she said. She has been coming up with creative ways to be involved while trying to keep herself and other international students safe. For example, she participates in student club meetings, where she feels she can speak more privately.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“I came to the United States because those are things that I wasn’t comfortable doing in my country,” the sophomore said. “I wasn’t comfortable speaking out. It was like a dictatorship, and that’s why I came to America, which is, like, where the freedom is supposed to be. And then I got met with this. It’s really, really disappointing.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Also at UC Berkeley, a junior from the UK said that last year she felt much freer. During the campus pro-Palestinian protests last year, she wanted to participate but was too busy. Her regret has now turned into relief because if anyone had taken a picture of her near a protest, she believes she would have suffered consequences.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Under a Biden administration, I would have felt like I was free to criticize the administration. I was free to take part in protests,” she said. “Because of Trump’s recent decision — especially with the students at Columbia — I feel like I can’t be anywhere near a protest.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure>\u003cimg decoding=\"async\" src=\"https://calmatters.org/wp-content/uploads/2025/08/042324_Berkeley-Gaza_MO_CM_10-1024x682.jpg\" alt='Protesters hold signs reading \"Healthcare Workers Demand: Stop Bombing Hospitals\" during a demonstration. The signs are white with green and red text and feature an image of a hand with a stethoscope. Some protesters wear keffiyehs and face masks, and the background shows an urban street scene with other participants.'>\u003cfigcaption>Health Care Workers for Gaza participate in the “Free Palestine Camp” demonstration outside of Sproul Hall at UC Berkeley on April 23, 2024. \u003cem>Manuel Orbegozo for CalMatters\u003c/em>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>An international graduate student at another UC — he does not want to name his campus in fear of not passing his dissertation — is working on a research project about the interplay of international politics and media. His research paper includes a section on human rights violations and genocide. Initially, he included coverage of the Israel-Hamas war. Faculty advised him to remove the parts about Israel from his final project, he said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“It does not have that big an impact on the entire project … but personally I’m just disappointed that I could not talk about it in my final events,” the graduate student said. “I will be presenting this to a set of faculty from my department, and they will be grading that, determining whether I can graduate or not based on the paper. It impacts a little bit on my department, and regarding freedom of speech.”\u003c/p>\n\u003ch2>\u003cstrong>Balancing the support of Jewish students and due process \u003c/strong>\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>In his executive order, Trump promises to protect the civil rights of Jewish citizens, who have faced harassment, physical threats and assault on college campuses.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>UC Irvine Jewish student Shir — who requested not to use her full name because she fears discrimination – believes if a student on a visa is “celebrating terror explicitly,” their student status should be evaluated. However, she notes the importance of drawing the line at terror and hate and not overstepping legal boundaries.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Skipping [due] process doesn’t protect [against] antisemitism, it only creates more hate in the system,” Shir said in an email. “We are all humans first and should be treated as such.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>While she supports students’ right to protest, Shir wrote “there have been students repeating and glorifying slogans and ideas used by Hamas, a terrorist organization. This is where action is needed. I and many other Jewish students have been confronted at these protests and on campus, told I am a terrorist, that my family in Israel deserves to die, and had protesters outright justify Hamas’ actions to me.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure>\u003cimg decoding=\"async\" src=\"https://calmatters.org/wp-content/uploads/2023/12/110723_UCLA-Israel-Rally_LJ_CM_02-1024x682.jpg\" alt='A person holds a sign reading \"No Hostage Left Behind\" during a rally, with Israeli flags visible in the crowd. The sign is in focus, while people and flags in the foreground are blurred. The event appears to be outdoors, with trees in the background.'>\u003cfigcaption>Hillel, a campus religious group, hosts a rally calling for the release of kidnapped Israelis at UCLA’s Wilson Plaza on Nov. 7, 2023 in Los Angeles. \u003cem>Lauren Justice for CalMatters\u003c/em>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Raquel Aldana, a law professor at UC Davis, said the language being used by the Trump administration about antisemitism is extremely broad and could be read to include anything that is anti-Israel.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“One of the areas they’re going to be watching is how these institutions of higher learning respond to allegations of antisemitism, which could end up targeting foreign students,” Aldana said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The Trump administration’s antisemitism task force is investigating allegations of antisemitic incidents at \u003ca href=\"https://www.justice.gov/opa/pr/federal-task-force-combat-antisemitism-announces-visits-10-college-campuses-experienced\">at least 10 college campuses \u003c/a>across the country, including UCLA, UC Berkeley and the University of Southern California.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Aldana said she didn’t understand what problems the investigations are meant to address — adding that it “feels like a political move and not a true concern.”\u003c/p>\n\u003ch2>\u003cstrong>International students limited on travel options\u003c/strong>\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>Three UC campuses that responded to CalMatters said they’ve sent communications to international students to use caution if they plan to travel outside the country.[aside postID=news_12036406 hero='https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2025/04/250417-HIGHEREDPROTESTS-08-BL-KQED-1020x680.jpg']Right before spring break, international students said they received travel warning emails from their international student offices about the risks of leaving the country. At UC Berkeley, the sophomore student said an \u003ca href=\"https://mailchi.mp/berkeley/spring-break-2025-travel-reminders-students\">email from the Berkeley International Office\u003c/a> said the office could not guarantee international students’ ability to return to the U.S. if they left the country, even though the \u003ca href=\"https://travel.state.gov/content/travel/en/us-visas/study/student-visa.html#:~:text=Continuing%20Students%C2%A0%2D%C2%A0Student%20(F%20and%20M)%20visas%20for%20continuing%20students%20may%20be%20issued%20at%20any%20time%2C%20as%20long%20as%20the%20student%20is%20currently%20enrolled%20at%20a%20SEVP%2Dapproved%20school%20or%20institution%20and%20in%20SEVIS.%20%C2%A0Continuing%20students%20may%20enter%20the%20United%20States%20at%20any%20time%20before%20classes%20start.\">U.S. State Department’s website\u003c/a> states continuing students may enter the country at any time.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“We had to spend our spring break in the U.S., [when] people want to go home,” the UC Berkeley sophomore said. “Not having that option is really disappointing, the fact that no one at the university can advocate for the small percentage of [international] students they have, … is insane to me.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>For the summer break, UC Berkeley’s International Office sent another email in May that \u003ca href=\"https://mailchi.mp/berkeley/temporary-delay-for-scheduling-of-visa-appointments-for-f-and-j-applicants-9013441\">urged “caution”\u003c/a> for continuing international students who planned to travel out of the country. On June 4, the White House released a \u003ca href=\"https://www.whitehouse.gov/presidential-actions/2025/06/restricting-the-entry-of-foreign-nationals-to-protect-the-united-states-from-foreign-terrorists-and-other-national-security-and-public-safety-threats/\">Presidential Proclamation\u003c/a> announcing restrictions from 19 designated countries to enter the U.S. As a result, UC Davis and UC Irvine recommended that international students from those 19 countries not leave the U.S. because the travel ban may prevent them from re-entering.\u003c/p>\n\u003ch2>\u003cstrong>Student newspapers face ethical dilemmas \u003c/strong>\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>Öztürk, the Tufts university student arrested after criticizing her university’s response to the Israel-Hamas war, \u003ca href=\"https://www.nytimes.com/2025/05/10/us/tufts-rumeysa-ozturk-release.html\">returned to Massachusetts\u003c/a> after a judge ordered her release from a detention facility in Louisiana in May. Her arrest spurred college publications to take extra precautions.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Adalia Luo, editor-in-chief of UC San Diego’s student news organization \u003ca href=\"https://ucsdguardian.org/policies/\">The Guardian\u003c/a>, and Chris Ponce, editor-in-chief of \u003ca href=\"https://theaggie.org/the-california-aggie-code-of-ethics/\">The California Aggie \u003c/a>at UC Davis, said their opinion departments have been making changes. Luo said her organization has removed names from articles by international student writers upon request. Luo added that the priority is protecting the students even though removing a byline weakens a story’s credibility.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>UC Davis’ student news staff has discussed a similar issue. Ponce said they’re not simply granting anonymity for anyone who asks. However, they are “now more than ever” open to removing whole articles if it means protecting the status of international students, which they are doing on a case-by-case basis.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure>\u003cimg decoding=\"async\" src=\"https://calmatters.org/wp-content/uploads/2025/08/061225_Intl-Students_LB_CM_26-1024x683.jpg\" alt=\"A person wearing glasses and a dark blue shirt smiles while holding up a copy of The California Aggie newspaper. The issue’s illustrated cover reads “Best of 2025” and features drawings of local landmarks and scenery. A dartboard is visible in the background on the wall.\">\u003cfigcaption>Chris Ponce, former editor-in-chief of The California Aggie, holds up a copy of the “Best of Davis 2025” on his last day of school at UC Davis, on June 12, 2025. \u003cem>Louis Bryant III for CalMatters\u003c/em>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>One student newspaper is challenging the Trump administration’s policies regarding noncitizen students. The Stanford Daily, represented by the \u003ca href=\"https://www.thefire.org/news/lawsuit-fire-challenges-unconstitutional-provisions-rubio-uses-crusade-deport-legal-immigrants\">Foundation for Individual Rights and Expression\u003c/a>, or FIRE, is suing Secretary of State Marco Rubio and Secretary of Homeland Security Kristi Noem over immigration laws that allow the revocation of student visas for protected speech.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>According to a \u003ca href=\"https://stanforddaily.com/2025/08/07/letter-from-the-editors-on-the-dailys-lawsuit-with-fire/\">letter from the editors\u003c/a>, far fewer international students are willing to speak to The Daily, and those who do request anonymity. “Several international members of our own staff even left their positions at The Daily. Many of those who stayed requested to stop writing news articles related to protests or political events on campus and asked that their previous articles be taken off our website,” the letter states.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The junior at UC Berkeley said she writes for a campus political magazine. Once the Trump administration started targeting international students, she asked for the articles to be taken down, and the magazine obliged.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“I didn’t want my name affiliated with criticisms of the administration, as that would either risk me getting deported or a future visa being rejected. I believe the articles are still inaccessible, and my goal is that they remain so for the rest of Trump’s term,” the junior said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Despite fears about sharing their viewpoints publicly, international students say it’s important to be advocates for themselves and each other.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The UC Berkeley sophomore said international students should continue to consider their safety as well as their rights.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“You should be taking precautions to keep your status and to keep yourself safe, but to also know that if we back down, change will never happen,” the sophomore said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>Mercy Sosa contributed to this story. Emewodesh Eshete and Mercy Sosa are contributors with the College Journalism Network, a collaboration between CalMatters and student journalists from across California. CalMatters higher education coverage is supported by a grant from the College Futures Foundation.\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>This article was \u003ca href=\"https://calmatters.org/education/2025/08/international-students-california-universities/\">originally published on CalMatters\u003c/a> and was republished under the \u003ca href=\"https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/\">Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives\u003c/a> license.\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad floatright]\u003c/p>\n",
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"excerpt": "After hundreds of international students lost their status this spring, then regained it following lawsuits, the uncertainty of it happening again has created fear.",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>\u003c!-- Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/ -->\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>This story was originally published by \u003ca href=\"https://calmatters.org/\">CalMatters\u003c/a>. \u003ca href=\"https://calmatters.org/subscribe-to-calmatters/\">Sign up\u003c/a> for their newsletters.\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>International college students are learning that speech isn’t as free as they thought in the United States. After President Donald Trump began his second term, hundreds of international students lost their student status as part of an executive order cracking down on immigration and alleged antisemitism.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>While lawsuits resulted in many of those students having their status reinstated since April, the uncertainty of it happening again has created fear among international students, particularly within the University of California system, where international students make up 13.6% of student enrollment as of Fall 2024.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Some international students told CalMatters they have changed their involvement in campus activities, from the routes they take on campus to avoid free speech areas, to the topics they include in their research projects, to scrubbing their social media posts and limiting their political activism.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The fear began spreading in late January, when the White House \u003ca href=\"https://www.whitehouse.gov/fact-sheets/2025/01/fact-sheet-president-donald-j-trump-takes-forceful-and-unprecedented-steps-to-combat-anti-semitism/\">released a fact sheet\u003c/a> about Trump’s \u003ca href=\"https://www.federalregister.gov/documents/2025/02/03/2025-02230/additional-measures-to-combat-anti-semitism\">Executive Order 14188\u003c/a>, “Additional Measures to Combat Anti-Semitism,” stating, “resident aliens who joined in the pro-jihadist protests, we put you on notice: come 2025, we will find you, and we will deport you.” Additionally, it mentioned cancelling visas of “Hamas sympathizers” on college campuses.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Since then, there have been a few high-profile arrests of international students, including Mahmoud Khalil at Columbia University, a legal permanent resident who was involved in leading pro-Palestinian protests, and Rümeysa Öztürk at Tufts University, a Turkish national who co-wrote an op-ed asking her university to divest. \u003ca href=\"https://www.npr.org/2025/06/23/nx-s1-5441691/mahmoud-khalil-interview\">Khalil\u003c/a> has since been released on bail and \u003ca href=\"https://www.npr.org/2025/05/09/nx-s1-5393055/tufts-student-rumeysa-ozturk-ordered-freed-from-immigration-detention\">Öztürk\u003c/a> was released by order of a federal judge. Still, these detentions have triggered concerns among international students about how their actions could be used against them.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Additionally, U.S. Secretary of State Marco Rubio recently \u003ca href=\"https://calmatters.org/education/higher-education/2025/05/chinese-student-visas-california-trump/\">announced\u003c/a> the U.S. would start “aggressively” revoking Chinese student visas, more specifically, those with ties to the Chinese Communist Party or studying in fields that are considered “critical.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Federal officials haven’t released any information about how many international students had their status revoked, or which campuses they attend. However, \u003ca href=\"https://www.insidehighered.com/news/global/international-students-us/2025/04/07/where-students-have-had-their-visas-revoked\">Inside Higher Ed\u003c/a> compiled news reports of more than 1,800 students nationwide, including over 200 in California, whose status were revoked in the spring.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>CalMatters reached out to all 10 UC campuses inquiring about the number of international students who have had their statuses reinstated, but only two responded. As of April 28, UC San Diego’s 35 terminated student visas had been reactivated, and one student was deported. At UC Santa Barbara, 11 of the 12 visas had been reinstated, though the “situation remains fluid,” said Media Relations Manager Kiki Reyes.\u003c/p>\n\u003ch2>\u003cstrong>International students are chilling their speech\u003c/strong>\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>None of the international students interviewed for this story wanted their names or areas of study published due to fears of being identified and having their status revoked for speaking publicly.\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>At UC Berkeley, a sophomore told CalMatters that she was involved in campus activism for about a year and a half until about March, when she saw international students losing their visas and heard rumors of immigration enforcement agents on campus. Her thoughts on protesting have changed drastically. “Everything I say can be used against me,” she said. She has been coming up with creative ways to be involved while trying to keep herself and other international students safe. For example, she participates in student club meetings, where she feels she can speak more privately.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“I came to the United States because those are things that I wasn’t comfortable doing in my country,” the sophomore said. “I wasn’t comfortable speaking out. It was like a dictatorship, and that’s why I came to America, which is, like, where the freedom is supposed to be. And then I got met with this. It’s really, really disappointing.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Also at UC Berkeley, a junior from the UK said that last year she felt much freer. During the campus pro-Palestinian protests last year, she wanted to participate but was too busy. Her regret has now turned into relief because if anyone had taken a picture of her near a protest, she believes she would have suffered consequences.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Under a Biden administration, I would have felt like I was free to criticize the administration. I was free to take part in protests,” she said. “Because of Trump’s recent decision — especially with the students at Columbia — I feel like I can’t be anywhere near a protest.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure>\u003cimg decoding=\"async\" src=\"https://calmatters.org/wp-content/uploads/2025/08/042324_Berkeley-Gaza_MO_CM_10-1024x682.jpg\" alt='Protesters hold signs reading \"Healthcare Workers Demand: Stop Bombing Hospitals\" during a demonstration. The signs are white with green and red text and feature an image of a hand with a stethoscope. Some protesters wear keffiyehs and face masks, and the background shows an urban street scene with other participants.'>\u003cfigcaption>Health Care Workers for Gaza participate in the “Free Palestine Camp” demonstration outside of Sproul Hall at UC Berkeley on April 23, 2024. \u003cem>Manuel Orbegozo for CalMatters\u003c/em>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>An international graduate student at another UC — he does not want to name his campus in fear of not passing his dissertation — is working on a research project about the interplay of international politics and media. His research paper includes a section on human rights violations and genocide. Initially, he included coverage of the Israel-Hamas war. Faculty advised him to remove the parts about Israel from his final project, he said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“It does not have that big an impact on the entire project … but personally I’m just disappointed that I could not talk about it in my final events,” the graduate student said. “I will be presenting this to a set of faculty from my department, and they will be grading that, determining whether I can graduate or not based on the paper. It impacts a little bit on my department, and regarding freedom of speech.”\u003c/p>\n\u003ch2>\u003cstrong>Balancing the support of Jewish students and due process \u003c/strong>\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>In his executive order, Trump promises to protect the civil rights of Jewish citizens, who have faced harassment, physical threats and assault on college campuses.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>UC Irvine Jewish student Shir — who requested not to use her full name because she fears discrimination – believes if a student on a visa is “celebrating terror explicitly,” their student status should be evaluated. However, she notes the importance of drawing the line at terror and hate and not overstepping legal boundaries.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Skipping [due] process doesn’t protect [against] antisemitism, it only creates more hate in the system,” Shir said in an email. “We are all humans first and should be treated as such.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>While she supports students’ right to protest, Shir wrote “there have been students repeating and glorifying slogans and ideas used by Hamas, a terrorist organization. This is where action is needed. I and many other Jewish students have been confronted at these protests and on campus, told I am a terrorist, that my family in Israel deserves to die, and had protesters outright justify Hamas’ actions to me.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure>\u003cimg decoding=\"async\" src=\"https://calmatters.org/wp-content/uploads/2023/12/110723_UCLA-Israel-Rally_LJ_CM_02-1024x682.jpg\" alt='A person holds a sign reading \"No Hostage Left Behind\" during a rally, with Israeli flags visible in the crowd. The sign is in focus, while people and flags in the foreground are blurred. The event appears to be outdoors, with trees in the background.'>\u003cfigcaption>Hillel, a campus religious group, hosts a rally calling for the release of kidnapped Israelis at UCLA’s Wilson Plaza on Nov. 7, 2023 in Los Angeles. \u003cem>Lauren Justice for CalMatters\u003c/em>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Raquel Aldana, a law professor at UC Davis, said the language being used by the Trump administration about antisemitism is extremely broad and could be read to include anything that is anti-Israel.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“One of the areas they’re going to be watching is how these institutions of higher learning respond to allegations of antisemitism, which could end up targeting foreign students,” Aldana said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The Trump administration’s antisemitism task force is investigating allegations of antisemitic incidents at \u003ca href=\"https://www.justice.gov/opa/pr/federal-task-force-combat-antisemitism-announces-visits-10-college-campuses-experienced\">at least 10 college campuses \u003c/a>across the country, including UCLA, UC Berkeley and the University of Southern California.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Aldana said she didn’t understand what problems the investigations are meant to address — adding that it “feels like a political move and not a true concern.”\u003c/p>\n\u003ch2>\u003cstrong>International students limited on travel options\u003c/strong>\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>Three UC campuses that responded to CalMatters said they’ve sent communications to international students to use caution if they plan to travel outside the country.\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>Right before spring break, international students said they received travel warning emails from their international student offices about the risks of leaving the country. At UC Berkeley, the sophomore student said an \u003ca href=\"https://mailchi.mp/berkeley/spring-break-2025-travel-reminders-students\">email from the Berkeley International Office\u003c/a> said the office could not guarantee international students’ ability to return to the U.S. if they left the country, even though the \u003ca href=\"https://travel.state.gov/content/travel/en/us-visas/study/student-visa.html#:~:text=Continuing%20Students%C2%A0%2D%C2%A0Student%20(F%20and%20M)%20visas%20for%20continuing%20students%20may%20be%20issued%20at%20any%20time%2C%20as%20long%20as%20the%20student%20is%20currently%20enrolled%20at%20a%20SEVP%2Dapproved%20school%20or%20institution%20and%20in%20SEVIS.%20%C2%A0Continuing%20students%20may%20enter%20the%20United%20States%20at%20any%20time%20before%20classes%20start.\">U.S. State Department’s website\u003c/a> states continuing students may enter the country at any time.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“We had to spend our spring break in the U.S., [when] people want to go home,” the UC Berkeley sophomore said. “Not having that option is really disappointing, the fact that no one at the university can advocate for the small percentage of [international] students they have, … is insane to me.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>For the summer break, UC Berkeley’s International Office sent another email in May that \u003ca href=\"https://mailchi.mp/berkeley/temporary-delay-for-scheduling-of-visa-appointments-for-f-and-j-applicants-9013441\">urged “caution”\u003c/a> for continuing international students who planned to travel out of the country. On June 4, the White House released a \u003ca href=\"https://www.whitehouse.gov/presidential-actions/2025/06/restricting-the-entry-of-foreign-nationals-to-protect-the-united-states-from-foreign-terrorists-and-other-national-security-and-public-safety-threats/\">Presidential Proclamation\u003c/a> announcing restrictions from 19 designated countries to enter the U.S. As a result, UC Davis and UC Irvine recommended that international students from those 19 countries not leave the U.S. because the travel ban may prevent them from re-entering.\u003c/p>\n\u003ch2>\u003cstrong>Student newspapers face ethical dilemmas \u003c/strong>\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>Öztürk, the Tufts university student arrested after criticizing her university’s response to the Israel-Hamas war, \u003ca href=\"https://www.nytimes.com/2025/05/10/us/tufts-rumeysa-ozturk-release.html\">returned to Massachusetts\u003c/a> after a judge ordered her release from a detention facility in Louisiana in May. Her arrest spurred college publications to take extra precautions.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Adalia Luo, editor-in-chief of UC San Diego’s student news organization \u003ca href=\"https://ucsdguardian.org/policies/\">The Guardian\u003c/a>, and Chris Ponce, editor-in-chief of \u003ca href=\"https://theaggie.org/the-california-aggie-code-of-ethics/\">The California Aggie \u003c/a>at UC Davis, said their opinion departments have been making changes. Luo said her organization has removed names from articles by international student writers upon request. Luo added that the priority is protecting the students even though removing a byline weakens a story’s credibility.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>UC Davis’ student news staff has discussed a similar issue. Ponce said they’re not simply granting anonymity for anyone who asks. However, they are “now more than ever” open to removing whole articles if it means protecting the status of international students, which they are doing on a case-by-case basis.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure>\u003cimg decoding=\"async\" src=\"https://calmatters.org/wp-content/uploads/2025/08/061225_Intl-Students_LB_CM_26-1024x683.jpg\" alt=\"A person wearing glasses and a dark blue shirt smiles while holding up a copy of The California Aggie newspaper. The issue’s illustrated cover reads “Best of 2025” and features drawings of local landmarks and scenery. A dartboard is visible in the background on the wall.\">\u003cfigcaption>Chris Ponce, former editor-in-chief of The California Aggie, holds up a copy of the “Best of Davis 2025” on his last day of school at UC Davis, on June 12, 2025. \u003cem>Louis Bryant III for CalMatters\u003c/em>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>One student newspaper is challenging the Trump administration’s policies regarding noncitizen students. The Stanford Daily, represented by the \u003ca href=\"https://www.thefire.org/news/lawsuit-fire-challenges-unconstitutional-provisions-rubio-uses-crusade-deport-legal-immigrants\">Foundation for Individual Rights and Expression\u003c/a>, or FIRE, is suing Secretary of State Marco Rubio and Secretary of Homeland Security Kristi Noem over immigration laws that allow the revocation of student visas for protected speech.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>According to a \u003ca href=\"https://stanforddaily.com/2025/08/07/letter-from-the-editors-on-the-dailys-lawsuit-with-fire/\">letter from the editors\u003c/a>, far fewer international students are willing to speak to The Daily, and those who do request anonymity. “Several international members of our own staff even left their positions at The Daily. Many of those who stayed requested to stop writing news articles related to protests or political events on campus and asked that their previous articles be taken off our website,” the letter states.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The junior at UC Berkeley said she writes for a campus political magazine. Once the Trump administration started targeting international students, she asked for the articles to be taken down, and the magazine obliged.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“I didn’t want my name affiliated with criticisms of the administration, as that would either risk me getting deported or a future visa being rejected. I believe the articles are still inaccessible, and my goal is that they remain so for the rest of Trump’s term,” the junior said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Despite fears about sharing their viewpoints publicly, international students say it’s important to be advocates for themselves and each other.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The UC Berkeley sophomore said international students should continue to consider their safety as well as their rights.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“You should be taking precautions to keep your status and to keep yourself safe, but to also know that if we back down, change will never happen,” the sophomore said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>Mercy Sosa contributed to this story. Emewodesh Eshete and Mercy Sosa are contributors with the College Journalism Network, a collaboration between CalMatters and student journalists from across California. CalMatters higher education coverage is supported by a grant from the College Futures Foundation.\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>This article was \u003ca href=\"https://calmatters.org/education/2025/08/international-students-california-universities/\">originally published on CalMatters\u003c/a> and was republished under the \u003ca href=\"https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/\">Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives\u003c/a> license.\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/news/12052590/fin-de-covered-california-para-beneficiarios-de-daca\">\u003cem>Leer en español\u003c/em>\u003c/a>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>On Aug. 31, Covered California, the state’s health insurance marketplace, will stop offering coverage to residents who are part of the \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/news/tag/daca\">Deferred Action for Childhood Arrivals\u003c/a> program.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>This means DACA recipients who currently have health insurance through Covered California, approximately 2,300 people statewide, will lose their existing coverage by the end of the month.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>State officials \u003ca href=\"https://www.coveredca.com/newsroom/news-releases/2025/07/31/covered-california-offers-information-and-resources-for-daca-recipients-no-longer-eligible-for-affordable-care-act-coverage/\">are complying with new rules\u003c/a> from President Donald Trump’s administration, which \u003ca href=\"https://www.cms.gov/newsroom/fact-sheets/2025-marketplace-integrity-and-affordability-final-rule\">block DACA recipients\u003c/a> from seeking insurance in state marketplaces created by the Affordable Care Act and also disqualify them from federal funds to help pay for their health plans.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“We were at the start of a journey to expand coverage to our DACA recipients and were incredibly excited to do that,” said Jessica Altman, executive director of Covered California. “Unfortunately, we’re gonna have to move backwards.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>If you’re on DACA or you know someone who is, keep reading for what to know about these upcoming changes to Covered California.\u003c/p>\n\u003ch2>Which DACA recipients are affected by these new rules?\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>More than 164,000 DACA recipients \u003ca href=\"https://www.uscis.gov/sites/default/files/document/data/Active_DACA_Recipients_March_FY23_qtr2.pdf\">live in California\u003c/a>. Many of them have health insurance through their jobs, their family or through Medi-Cal (the state’s Medicaid program).\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>If this is your situation, these changes at the federal level will \u003cem>not \u003c/em>impact your coverage.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_12040806\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 2000px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-full wp-image-12040806\" src=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2025/05/250506-SACRAMENTOFILE-04-BL-KQED.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"2000\" height=\"1333\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2025/05/250506-SACRAMENTOFILE-04-BL-KQED.jpg 2000w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2025/05/250506-SACRAMENTOFILE-04-BL-KQED-800x533.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2025/05/250506-SACRAMENTOFILE-04-BL-KQED-1020x680.jpg 1020w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2025/05/250506-SACRAMENTOFILE-04-BL-KQED-160x107.jpg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2025/05/250506-SACRAMENTOFILE-04-BL-KQED-1536x1024.jpg 1536w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2025/05/250506-SACRAMENTOFILE-04-BL-KQED-1920x1280.jpg 1920w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 2000px) 100vw, 2000px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">The California State Capitol in Sacramento on May 6, 2025. \u003ccite>(Beth LaBerge/KQED)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>If you bought your plan by visiting the Covered California website or calling the agency’s number or signed up with the help of a community organization, you’ll receive a letter, email or call in the coming days from a Covered California representative about your coverage ending.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>If you have health insurance but don’t remember how you found your plan, you can double-check by logging into \u003ca href=\"https://www.coveredca.com/\">Covered California’s website\u003c/a> or calling directly at 800-300-1506.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“The vast majority of DACA recipients in California are not going to see changes in their coverage,” Altman said. “You can always call Covered California and double-check if you want to be sure.”\u003c/p>\n\u003ch2>If I’m about to lose my Covered California health care because I’m on DACA, what can I do?\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>The best thing you can do right now is educate yourself on how your access to health care will change, Altman said. After Aug. 31, DACA recipients who lose their Covered California plans can still get health care through other methods:\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>An employer\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>If you currently work for an employer that offers health care benefits or you know you will in the future, ask your boss or human resources department about what you need to join a plan.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>A family member\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>If their job covers your spouse or parents, check in with them about possibly joining their plan as a dependent. Some companies even allow domestic partners to be added, but this varies by employer.[aside postID=news_12050993 hero='https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2025/07/250718-RIDEALONGRAPIDRESPONSE-10-BL-KQED.jpg']\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Medi-Cal (aka Medicaid in California)\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>More than 1.6 million low-income undocumented Californians are currently covered by an extension of Medi-Cal that is solely funded by the state, not the federal government. After Aug. 31, DACA recipients will have to contact \u003ca href=\"https://www.dhcs.ca.gov/services/medi-cal/Pages/CountyOffices.aspx\">their county’s Medi-Cal office\u003c/a> directly to apply for coverage. (\u003ca href=\"https://www.dhcs.ca.gov/services/medi-cal/Pages/DoYouQualifyForMedi-Cal.aspx\">Check the income-based eligibility limits for Medi-Cal\u003c/a>.)\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Keep in mind, however, that time is running out for this option: state officials plan to \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/news/12047647/trumps-health-law-spurs-big-medi-cal-changes-what-californians-need-to-know\">freeze new Medi-Cal enrollment\u003c/a> for undocumented immigrants who are 19 and older at the start of 2026.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Your county\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>A few Bay Area counties have programs that help cover the costs of specific health services for uninsured people, which don’t exclude DACA recipients, including:\u003c/p>\n\u003cul>\n\u003cli>\u003ca href=\"https://healthysanfrancisco.org/visitors/are-you-eligible/\">Healthy San Francisco\u003c/a>, which covers primary and specialty care for city residents who don’t qualify for Medi-Cal or Covered California, regardless of immigration status\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>Contra Costa County’s \u003ca href=\"https://www.cchealth.org/health-insurance/get-insured/basic-health-care\">Basic Health Care\u003c/a> program for people making less than 300% of the federal poverty level who can’t join Medi-Cal\u003c/li>\n\u003c/ul>\n\u003cp>Other counties, like Santa Clara, \u003ca href=\"https://health.santaclaracounty.gov/get-help-finding-healthcare-coverage\">have their own health systems\u003c/a> and offer financial aid for certain treatments, depending on your income.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Individual health plans\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>While DACA recipients can no longer look for new health care plans on the Covered California website after Aug. 25, you can still go to the websites of individual insurance companies and buy a plan. But without the subsidies from Covered California, you would have to pay for the full cost of premiums and deductibles.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Community clinics\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>If you end up uninsured for some time after Aug. 31, remember that there are multiple community clinics in California that offer basic care for free or at a sliding scale. The services provided by these clinics, however, are limited and cannot match the range covered by an HMO or PPO plan.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In the Bay Area, some community clinics serving uninsured residents are:\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_12051124\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 1999px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-full wp-image-12051124\" src=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2025/08/479421059_qed-1.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"1999\" height=\"1333\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2025/08/479421059_qed-1.jpg 1999w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2025/08/479421059_qed-1-160x107.jpg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2025/08/479421059_qed-1-1536x1024.jpg 1536w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 1999px) 100vw, 1999px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">The Covered California website is displayed during a health care enrollment fair at the office of SEIU-United Healthcare Workers West on March 18, 2014, in San Francisco, California. \u003ccite>(Justin Sullivan/Getty Images)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>San Francisco Free Clinic:\u003c/strong> Offers primary care to uninsured people. To make an appointment, call 415-750-9894 from 10 a.m. to 4:30 p.m., Monday through Friday. \u003cem>Located at 4900 California St., in San Francisco.\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>RotaCare Bay Area Clinics:\u003c/strong> A network of volunteers travel around the Bay Area staffing clinics that serve uninsured residents a few times each month. \u003cem>Locations served include Daly City, Half Moon Bay, Pittsburg, San José, San Pablo and San Rafael.\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Ashland Free Medical Clinic:\u003c/strong> Offers remote and in-person primary care, optometry and mental health services on Saturdays. Call 510-407-2362 ahead of time to check eligibility. \u003cem>Located at 6539 Ashland Ave., in San Lorenzo.\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Jewish Community Free Clinic:\u003c/strong> Offers primary care, testing, acupuncture and therapy services. Fill out \u003ca href=\"https://www.jewishfreeclinic.org/contact-us-and-directions\">an online form to request an appointment\u003c/a>, which can also happen virtually. \u003cem>Located at 50 Montgomery Drive, in Santa Rosa.\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\u003ch2>Keep communicating with your doctors\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>As you decide what you’ll do after Aug. 31, keep your primary care doctor, along with any specialists you see, in the loop about your situation. If you end up changing your healthcare provider, let your doctor know ahead of time so they can advise you on how you can access your medical information once you make the switch.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>If you are receiving treatment for a chronic health condition, make a plan with your physician on how to continue receiving the care you need after Aug. 31.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>If you go to therapy with your old health plan and will be uninsured after Aug. 31, you can ask your therapist to refer you to sliding-scale therapy services or check out \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/arts/13881725/where-to-find-affordable-culturally-competent-therapy-in-bay-area-and-beyond\">KQED’s guide on how to find affordable therapy in the Bay Area\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad floatright]\u003c/p>\n",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/news/12052590/fin-de-covered-california-para-beneficiarios-de-daca\">\u003cem>Leer en español\u003c/em>\u003c/a>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>On Aug. 31, Covered California, the state’s health insurance marketplace, will stop offering coverage to residents who are part of the \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/news/tag/daca\">Deferred Action for Childhood Arrivals\u003c/a> program.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>This means DACA recipients who currently have health insurance through Covered California, approximately 2,300 people statewide, will lose their existing coverage by the end of the month.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>State officials \u003ca href=\"https://www.coveredca.com/newsroom/news-releases/2025/07/31/covered-california-offers-information-and-resources-for-daca-recipients-no-longer-eligible-for-affordable-care-act-coverage/\">are complying with new rules\u003c/a> from President Donald Trump’s administration, which \u003ca href=\"https://www.cms.gov/newsroom/fact-sheets/2025-marketplace-integrity-and-affordability-final-rule\">block DACA recipients\u003c/a> from seeking insurance in state marketplaces created by the Affordable Care Act and also disqualify them from federal funds to help pay for their health plans.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“We were at the start of a journey to expand coverage to our DACA recipients and were incredibly excited to do that,” said Jessica Altman, executive director of Covered California. “Unfortunately, we’re gonna have to move backwards.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>If you’re on DACA or you know someone who is, keep reading for what to know about these upcoming changes to Covered California.\u003c/p>\n\u003ch2>Which DACA recipients are affected by these new rules?\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>More than 164,000 DACA recipients \u003ca href=\"https://www.uscis.gov/sites/default/files/document/data/Active_DACA_Recipients_March_FY23_qtr2.pdf\">live in California\u003c/a>. Many of them have health insurance through their jobs, their family or through Medi-Cal (the state’s Medicaid program).\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>If this is your situation, these changes at the federal level will \u003cem>not \u003c/em>impact your coverage.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_12040806\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 2000px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-full wp-image-12040806\" src=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2025/05/250506-SACRAMENTOFILE-04-BL-KQED.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"2000\" height=\"1333\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2025/05/250506-SACRAMENTOFILE-04-BL-KQED.jpg 2000w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2025/05/250506-SACRAMENTOFILE-04-BL-KQED-800x533.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2025/05/250506-SACRAMENTOFILE-04-BL-KQED-1020x680.jpg 1020w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2025/05/250506-SACRAMENTOFILE-04-BL-KQED-160x107.jpg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2025/05/250506-SACRAMENTOFILE-04-BL-KQED-1536x1024.jpg 1536w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2025/05/250506-SACRAMENTOFILE-04-BL-KQED-1920x1280.jpg 1920w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 2000px) 100vw, 2000px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">The California State Capitol in Sacramento on May 6, 2025. \u003ccite>(Beth LaBerge/KQED)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>If you bought your plan by visiting the Covered California website or calling the agency’s number or signed up with the help of a community organization, you’ll receive a letter, email or call in the coming days from a Covered California representative about your coverage ending.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>If you have health insurance but don’t remember how you found your plan, you can double-check by logging into \u003ca href=\"https://www.coveredca.com/\">Covered California’s website\u003c/a> or calling directly at 800-300-1506.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“The vast majority of DACA recipients in California are not going to see changes in their coverage,” Altman said. “You can always call Covered California and double-check if you want to be sure.”\u003c/p>\n\u003ch2>If I’m about to lose my Covered California health care because I’m on DACA, what can I do?\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>The best thing you can do right now is educate yourself on how your access to health care will change, Altman said. After Aug. 31, DACA recipients who lose their Covered California plans can still get health care through other methods:\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>An employer\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>If you currently work for an employer that offers health care benefits or you know you will in the future, ask your boss or human resources department about what you need to join a plan.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>A family member\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>If their job covers your spouse or parents, check in with them about possibly joining their plan as a dependent. Some companies even allow domestic partners to be added, but this varies by employer.\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Medi-Cal (aka Medicaid in California)\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>More than 1.6 million low-income undocumented Californians are currently covered by an extension of Medi-Cal that is solely funded by the state, not the federal government. After Aug. 31, DACA recipients will have to contact \u003ca href=\"https://www.dhcs.ca.gov/services/medi-cal/Pages/CountyOffices.aspx\">their county’s Medi-Cal office\u003c/a> directly to apply for coverage. (\u003ca href=\"https://www.dhcs.ca.gov/services/medi-cal/Pages/DoYouQualifyForMedi-Cal.aspx\">Check the income-based eligibility limits for Medi-Cal\u003c/a>.)\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Keep in mind, however, that time is running out for this option: state officials plan to \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/news/12047647/trumps-health-law-spurs-big-medi-cal-changes-what-californians-need-to-know\">freeze new Medi-Cal enrollment\u003c/a> for undocumented immigrants who are 19 and older at the start of 2026.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Your county\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>A few Bay Area counties have programs that help cover the costs of specific health services for uninsured people, which don’t exclude DACA recipients, including:\u003c/p>\n\u003cul>\n\u003cli>\u003ca href=\"https://healthysanfrancisco.org/visitors/are-you-eligible/\">Healthy San Francisco\u003c/a>, which covers primary and specialty care for city residents who don’t qualify for Medi-Cal or Covered California, regardless of immigration status\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>Contra Costa County’s \u003ca href=\"https://www.cchealth.org/health-insurance/get-insured/basic-health-care\">Basic Health Care\u003c/a> program for people making less than 300% of the federal poverty level who can’t join Medi-Cal\u003c/li>\n\u003c/ul>\n\u003cp>Other counties, like Santa Clara, \u003ca href=\"https://health.santaclaracounty.gov/get-help-finding-healthcare-coverage\">have their own health systems\u003c/a> and offer financial aid for certain treatments, depending on your income.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Individual health plans\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>While DACA recipients can no longer look for new health care plans on the Covered California website after Aug. 25, you can still go to the websites of individual insurance companies and buy a plan. But without the subsidies from Covered California, you would have to pay for the full cost of premiums and deductibles.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Community clinics\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>If you end up uninsured for some time after Aug. 31, remember that there are multiple community clinics in California that offer basic care for free or at a sliding scale. The services provided by these clinics, however, are limited and cannot match the range covered by an HMO or PPO plan.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In the Bay Area, some community clinics serving uninsured residents are:\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_12051124\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 1999px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-full wp-image-12051124\" src=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2025/08/479421059_qed-1.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"1999\" height=\"1333\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2025/08/479421059_qed-1.jpg 1999w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2025/08/479421059_qed-1-160x107.jpg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2025/08/479421059_qed-1-1536x1024.jpg 1536w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 1999px) 100vw, 1999px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">The Covered California website is displayed during a health care enrollment fair at the office of SEIU-United Healthcare Workers West on March 18, 2014, in San Francisco, California. \u003ccite>(Justin Sullivan/Getty Images)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>San Francisco Free Clinic:\u003c/strong> Offers primary care to uninsured people. To make an appointment, call 415-750-9894 from 10 a.m. to 4:30 p.m., Monday through Friday. \u003cem>Located at 4900 California St., in San Francisco.\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>RotaCare Bay Area Clinics:\u003c/strong> A network of volunteers travel around the Bay Area staffing clinics that serve uninsured residents a few times each month. \u003cem>Locations served include Daly City, Half Moon Bay, Pittsburg, San José, San Pablo and San Rafael.\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Ashland Free Medical Clinic:\u003c/strong> Offers remote and in-person primary care, optometry and mental health services on Saturdays. Call 510-407-2362 ahead of time to check eligibility. \u003cem>Located at 6539 Ashland Ave., in San Lorenzo.\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Jewish Community Free Clinic:\u003c/strong> Offers primary care, testing, acupuncture and therapy services. Fill out \u003ca href=\"https://www.jewishfreeclinic.org/contact-us-and-directions\">an online form to request an appointment\u003c/a>, which can also happen virtually. \u003cem>Located at 50 Montgomery Drive, in Santa Rosa.\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\u003ch2>Keep communicating with your doctors\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>As you decide what you’ll do after Aug. 31, keep your primary care doctor, along with any specialists you see, in the loop about your situation. If you end up changing your healthcare provider, let your doctor know ahead of time so they can advise you on how you can access your medical information once you make the switch.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>If you are receiving treatment for a chronic health condition, make a plan with your physician on how to continue receiving the care you need after Aug. 31.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>If you go to therapy with your old health plan and will be uninsured after Aug. 31, you can ask your therapist to refer you to sliding-scale therapy services or check out \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/arts/13881725/where-to-find-affordable-culturally-competent-therapy-in-bay-area-and-beyond\">KQED’s guide on how to find affordable therapy in the Bay Area\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"slug": "how-did-fremont-come-to-be-known-as-little-kabul",
"title": "How Did Fremont Come to Be Known as ‘Little Kabul’?",
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"content": "\u003cp>\u003cem>\u003ca href=\"#A\">View the full episode transcript.\u003c/a>\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>On a typical afternoon, shoppers pour in and out of \u003ca href=\"https://www.maiwandmarket.com/\">Maiwand Market \u003c/a>in Fremont’s Centerville District, making a beeline for the bakery, where \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/bayareabites/2584/afghan-bread-in-fremonts-little-kabul\">traditional Afghan naan is made fresh each day\u003c/a>. Customers bag their loaves up themselves at a nearby table — some stocking up on a dozen at a time. A short walk in either direction leads to additional grocery stores and restaurants serving Afghan delicacies like beef kabobs, bolani kachaloo and qabilil pallow.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Fremont is home to one of the largest concentrations of Afghans in the United States. Over the past 40-some years, this community — often celebrated for its thriving tech industry and diverse population — has even become known as Little Kabul.[baycuriouspodcastinfo] It’s a fact that has made its way into pop culture, including the 2023 indie film \u003cem>Fremont\u003c/em> and Khaled Hosseini’s bestselling novel, \u003cem>The Kite Runner\u003c/em>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The name Little Kabul, along with the frequent cultural references, got one Bay Curious listener wondering: How did Fremont become a cultural hub for so many Afghan Americans?\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The answer goes back more than 45 years and can be broken down into four distinct waves of immigration, each based on a moment of conflict and political change in Afghanistan. But, it’s also a story of people fleeing their home country, a place they love, and looking for community and something familiar in their new home.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_12050024\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 2000px\">\u003ca href=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2025/07/006_FREMONT_MAIWANDMARKET_08272021-KQED.jpg\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-full wp-image-12050024\" src=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2025/07/006_FREMONT_MAIWANDMARKET_08272021-KQED.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"2000\" height=\"1333\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2025/07/006_FREMONT_MAIWANDMARKET_08272021-KQED.jpg 2000w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2025/07/006_FREMONT_MAIWANDMARKET_08272021-KQED-160x107.jpg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2025/07/006_FREMONT_MAIWANDMARKET_08272021-KQED-1536x1024.jpg 1536w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 2000px) 100vw, 2000px\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">A customer buys Afghan bread made at Maiwand Market in Fremont on Aug. 27, 2021. \u003ccite>(Beth LaBerge/KQED)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003ch2>Soviets invade Afghanistan, spark first major exodus\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>The first wave of Afghan immigrants left home during the \u003ca href=\"https://history.state.gov/milestones/1977-1980/soviet-invasion-afghanistan\">Soviet Union’s 1979 invasion of Afghanistan\u003c/a>. The USSR seized military control of Kabul and transformed the country into a war zone. Millions of Afghans were killed and millions more were forced to flee.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>This wave of refugees included ordinary civilians and religious minorities, as well as those who had held government jobs under previous administrations. Many Afghans fled to neighboring countries like Iran and Pakistan. Others immigrated to the United States.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“We didn’t come by our choice; we were forced to leave the country,” said Hanifa Sai Tokhi, a volunteer who helps run the \u003ca href=\"https://www.afghanelderlyassociation.org/our-programs.html\">Afghan Elderly Association’s Healthy Aging Program\u003c/a> in Fremont. “I was crying for two and a half years.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Tokhi vividly remembers leaving Afghanistan 47 years ago. Her husband was a government employee under \u003ca href=\"https://www.history.com/this-day-in-history/april-27/afghan-president-is-overthrown-and-murdered\">Afghan President Mohammad Daoud Khan\u003c/a>. After the Soviet invasion, their family received a notice that he would be arrested for his work under the country’s previous leadership.[aside postID=news_12040425 hero='https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2025/05/20250514_AFGHANREFUGEESTPS_GC-1-KQED-1020x680.jpg']With just $1,000 to their names, Tokhi, her husband and their two small children made their way to the Bay Area. By the time they joined their extended family in San Jose, Tokhi said they had just $22 left.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Tokhi, who had been an assistant professor of chemistry and biology back in Kabul, said that establishing herself in California was hard. She and her husband struggled to pay the mortgage and sometimes went without electricity. But eventually, they got political asylum and work permits. They were able to land jobs in the early days of Silicon Valley.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Like so many immigrant communities, Afghans like Tokhi came to Northern California because they knew someone in the area. When it was no longer safe to stay in Afghanistan, entire families relocated to where family members had come for work or school.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Fremont was like a magnet for Afghans to come and join this beautiful city,” said Dr. Masoud Juya, the associate director of the \u003ca href=\"https://afghancoalition.org/\">Afghan Coalition\u003c/a>. “One reason that [is] a big attractive factor for Afghans is definitely this landscape, the beauty, the geography, and the weather.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The East Bay hills reminded many Afghans of the mountainous terrain of their homeland. Entrepreneurial immigrants opened mosques, rug stores, and halal butcher shops. Specialty grocery stores like Maiwand Market soon opened their doors, offering fresh bread and other imported goods to local Afghans.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The city of Fremont supported these endeavors by offering grants to Afghan business owners.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Fremont was more affordable than bigger cities like San Francisco or Oakland, and California also had generous welfare benefits that helped people get resettled here.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Slowly it started to get built until this city was called ‘Little Kabul,’ which is a very attractive name,” said Juya.\u003c/p>\n\u003ch2>A civil war prompts more people to leave Afghanistan\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>The second wave of immigration took place in the 1990s during the Afghan Civil War, following the collapse of the Soviet-backed Afghan government. The war took place between different ethnic groups and eventually resulted in the Taliban’s rise to power.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Though Juya was in elementary school at the time, he still remembers how tumultuous and disruptive the civil war was. Tens of thousands of Afghans — mostly civilians — were killed throughout the conflict.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_12050014\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 2000px\">\u003ca href=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2025/07/250723-AFGHANSINFREMONT-04-BL-KQED.jpg\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-full wp-image-12050014\" src=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2025/07/250723-AFGHANSINFREMONT-04-BL-KQED.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"2000\" height=\"1333\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2025/07/250723-AFGHANSINFREMONT-04-BL-KQED.jpg 2000w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2025/07/250723-AFGHANSINFREMONT-04-BL-KQED-160x107.jpg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2025/07/250723-AFGHANSINFREMONT-04-BL-KQED-1536x1024.jpg 1536w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 2000px) 100vw, 2000px\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Participants wave colorful scarves during an exercise segment at the Afghan Elderly Association’s weekly wellness gathering in Fremont on July 23, 2025. The event is part of the nonprofit’s Healthy Aging Program, supporting Afghan elders through social connection, movement, meals, and health education. \u003ccite>(Beth LaBerge/KQED)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>“A lot of homes were destroyed due to the civil war, and our home was no exception,” Juya recalled, adding that he had been buried under the rubble. His family was displaced to a new city, though many Afghans left Afghanistan altogether.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Again, many migrated to the United States.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“When they ended up here, then the first question they asked was like, ‘OK, which state has more Afghans? Let’s go and join our communities there,’” Juya said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>When the second wave of immigrants arrived in Northern California, the first wave was ready to help them get settled. The Afghan Coalition, was established in Fremont during this time. Since 1996, the mission of this international organization has been to offer social services to Afghan refugees, including assistance with housing, professional resources and mental health support.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The Afghan Elderly Association was founded a year earlier to provide Afghans with culturally appropriate health programs. The organization’s founders went door-to-door, individually recruiting each elder.[aside postID=news_11883382 hero='https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2021/08/Josie-Manalo-leaving-for-America-1920x1080-1.jpg']“We were going with these ladies to advocate to the doctors and translate,” said Tokhi, who worked with the group as a health promoter. “We were going to their homes. We were doing medication management. Sometimes they cannot read English, and we would ask, ‘What is this medicine for?’”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But the organization knew that healthy living wasn’t just about medication and doctor’s visits. There needed to be a social element, \u003ca href=\"https://www.afghanelderlyassociation.org/our-programs.html\">which they eventually offered through its Healthy Aging Program\u003c/a>. Each week, the program offers a hot meal, exercise classes and medical check-ups from Afghan nurses who speak Farsi.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“They brought these ladies out of isolation,” Tokhi said. She now helps run the program as a volunteer. “There is some gossip, too,” Tokhi said with a laugh. “I have to have gossip.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Programs like this created more opportunities for immigrants to feel comfortable and connected when they got to Fremont. And the city supported them. For years, Fremont’s Human Services Department collaborated with the Afghan Elderly Association by providing staffing support, along with office and meeting spaces.\u003c/p>\n\u003ch2>9/11 upends the social order in Afghanistan\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>The third wave of immigration to Fremont occurred after the terrorist attacks on Sept. 11, 2001. The United States sent troops into Afghanistan to oust the Taliban leaders, sparking an overseas conflict that continued for 20 years.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The toppling of the Taliban regime ushered in a new Afghan government and constitution. With the end of the Taliban’s religious extremism also came opportunities for women to work and girls to get an education.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_12050017\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 2000px\">\u003ca href=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2025/07/250723-AFGHANSINFREMONT-12-BL-KQED.jpg\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-full wp-image-12050017\" src=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2025/07/250723-AFGHANSINFREMONT-12-BL-KQED.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"2000\" height=\"1333\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2025/07/250723-AFGHANSINFREMONT-12-BL-KQED.jpg 2000w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2025/07/250723-AFGHANSINFREMONT-12-BL-KQED-160x107.jpg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2025/07/250723-AFGHANSINFREMONT-12-BL-KQED-1536x1024.jpg 1536w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 2000px) 100vw, 2000px\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Volunteer Hanifa Tokhi speaks to the group at the Afghan Elderly Association’s weekly wellness gathering in Fremont on July 23, 2025. The event is part of the nonprofit’s Healthy Aging Program, supporting Afghan elders through social connection, movement, meals, and health education. \u003ccite>(Beth LaBerge/KQED)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>“This was the beginning of a big change for Afghanistan,” said Juya. “It was the first time after all those dark periods that Afghanistan was connected to the rest of the world.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Rather than needing to flee as refugees as in the earlier immigration waves, Afghans could finally come to the U.S. on cultural exchange programs or to study.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“They freely moved out of Afghanistan because of the opportunities that were available,” Juya said.[aside postID=news_12048251 hero='https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2025/07/250716-CherrylandUnincorporated-11-BL_qed.jpg']Juya himself first came to the United States during the third wave, in 2009. He’d just graduated medical school and was pursuing a Fulbright scholarship. He later traveled back and forth to Afghanistan, where he opened a successful university and a health science institute inspired by his time in the U.S.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“We put into practice pretty much every bit of information we learned here,” said Dr. Juya. “We were really revolutionists in terms of helping Afghanistan develop.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>While he’s grateful for all he learned studying in the U.S., the experience wasn’t all positive. He, like other Afghan immigrants, faced discrimination as a Muslim.*\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“There is an added layer of difficulty because of stigma, discrimination,” he said. “This in itself is also another factor that might motivate community members to come together so that they prevent themselves from additional threats or risks.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Even Fremont experienced that stigma. In 2001, \u003ca href=\"https://www.sfgate.com/bayarea/article/a-worrisome-wake-fear-of-backlash-lurks-in-a-2878560.php\">local news outlets\u003c/a> reported on hate crimes directed at Afghans, including death threats and a smashed store window around Little Kabul. A few days later, the owner of the vandalized store put an American flag in those same windows to show his loyalty to the U.S.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Years later, Afghan Americans asked the City Council to formally recognize the area known as Little Kabul. However, \u003ca href=\"https://www.eastbaytimes.com/2004/09/27/fremont-wont-have-a-little-kabul/\">the initiative stalled after local businesses banded together to oppose the idea\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003ch2>US troops withdraw from Afghanistan\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>The fourth and largest wave of immigration started in 2021 with President Biden’s decision to withdraw U.S. troops from Afghanistan. Almost immediately, the Taliban returned to power and anyone who had participated in opening Afghanistan up, making it more liberal and democratic, was in danger. People like Juya.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“I was fighting hard as a member of my community against extremism,” Juya said. “I was really at high risk, and I had to leave as soon as I could.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_12050012\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 2000px\">\u003ca href=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2025/07/250721-AFGHANSINFREMONT-14-BL-KQED.jpg\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-full wp-image-12050012\" src=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2025/07/250721-AFGHANSINFREMONT-14-BL-KQED.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"2000\" height=\"1333\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2025/07/250721-AFGHANSINFREMONT-14-BL-KQED.jpg 2000w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2025/07/250721-AFGHANSINFREMONT-14-BL-KQED-160x107.jpg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2025/07/250721-AFGHANSINFREMONT-14-BL-KQED-1536x1024.jpg 1536w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 2000px) 100vw, 2000px\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Associate Director Masoud Juya sits in a conference room at the offices of the Afghan Coalition in Fremont on July 21, 2025. The organization provides health, education, and social services to support Afghan and other immigrant communities in the Bay Area. \u003ccite>(Beth LaBerge/KQED)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Juya eventually left Afghanistan through an American Ph.D. program, after which he settled in Concord in search of a stable life.**\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>He is one of \u003ca href=\"https://www.fremont.gov/home/showpublisheddocument/12395/638119693632730000\">roughly 10,000 Afghans\u003c/a> who ended up in California after the 2021 withdrawal. The refugees during this fourth wave came from all parts of Afghan society, including academics, musicians, journalists, human rights advocates, and those who had worked with the U.S. military and allied forces.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>So many people wanted to get out of Afghanistan during the hectic withdrawal that \u003ca href=\"https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=FiRJRjsLx-M&ab_channel=GuardianNews\">some people sprinted after U.S. military planes trying to get onboard\u003c/a> and others held onto the wings as the planes took off.[aside postID=news_11887630 hero='https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2021/09/RS51406_021_Fremont_MaiwandMarket_08272021-qut-1020x680.jpg']As these horrific scenes unfolded, the City of Fremont again stepped up to support its local Afghan community. The Human Services Department raised $485,000 for an \u003ca href=\"https://www.fremont.gov/home/showpublisheddocument/12395/638119693632730000\">Afghan Refugee Help Fund\u003c/a>, which paid for necessities like filing immigration documents, temporary housing, new cell phones, mental health resources, and driving lessons for recent arrivals. The effort was coordinated in collaboration with Afghan organizations and businesses.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>As ever, the Afghans who had already established themselves in the Bay Area mobilized to help newcomers.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Soon after Juya arrived in Fremont, his fellow Afghans hired him to help run the Afghan Coalition. But, he said, the volume of new Afghan arrivals has made a competitive job market even tougher. And many people don’t have the skills to fit into Silicon Valley’s high-tech, AI-driven economy.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“They were professionals back home,” he said. “They come here but they cannot find a professional job, so I see a lot of frustration for some of the young, talented Afghans.” Many are hustling as DoorDash or Uber drivers.\u003c/p>\n\u003ch2>Promoting ‘positive energy’\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>The music composer and producer Hasib Sepand was lucky enough to arrive in Fremont before the U.S. military withdrew from Afghanistan. He opened a music school, called \u003ca href=\"https://www.sepandstudios.com/service/sepand-music-academy/\">The Sepand Music Academy\u003c/a>. Just six months later, the Taliban came back to power.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Nobody was interested in music, even myself,” he said. “We were like mentally very depressed. I didn’t have that courage to play music because my family’s over there.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_12050026\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 2000px\">\u003ca href=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2025/07/250721-AfghansinFremont-04-BL_qed.jpg\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-full wp-image-12050026\" src=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2025/07/250721-AfghansinFremont-04-BL_qed.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"2000\" height=\"1333\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2025/07/250721-AfghansinFremont-04-BL_qed.jpg 2000w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2025/07/250721-AfghansinFremont-04-BL_qed-160x107.jpg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2025/07/250721-AfghansinFremont-04-BL_qed-1536x1024.jpg 1536w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 2000px) 100vw, 2000px\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Hasib Sepand plays the harmonium at Sepand Studios in Fremont on July 21, 2025, where his music academy offers instruction in sitar, tabla, harmonium, and other instruments, and he composes and produces music. \u003ccite>(Beth LaBerge/KQED)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Sepand came from a family of well-known musicians in Afghanistan, who were forced to relocate to Pakistan after the Taliban’s first rise to power. During the U.S. war with Afghanistan, Sepand’s family had also worked with the American Army. They were able to qualify for Special Immigrant Visas.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“The last American plane that flew from Afghanistan included my family,” Sepand said. “It’s like a film.”[aside postID=news_12045917 hero='https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2025/06/ATK6-KQED.jpg']After he helped resettle his family in the Bay Area, Sepand reached out to the City of Fremont. They collaborated to offer three months of free music classes to new arrivals as a part of the Afghan Refugee Help Fund. Sepand taught students to sing traditional Afghan music and play instruments like the tabla and sitar.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“My class is not only a music class,” he said. “I tried to give a positive energy, especially for the newcomers, because they face a lot of problems. They face stress, depression, different culture, different language, sometimes no job.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Sepand said that students would often tell him his music class was the highlight of their week.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Before he came to Fremont and learned the firsthand challenges of starting over in America, Sepand thought it would be a more glamorous place. But Fremont was not the America Hasib had pictured. Over time, as he has watched the community come together to support one another, he has come to love this place.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Now, to me, it looks a hundred times better than every place in America because I live here and I have friends and I enjoy everything in Fremont,” Sepand said. “I love Fremont.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>*An earlier version of this story stated that Juya experienced discrimination for being Muslim and Arab. But Afghans are not Arab. We regret the error.\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>**A previous version of this story stated that Juya settled in Fremont. In fact, he lives in Concord.\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[baycuriousquestion]\u003c/p>\n\u003ch2>\u003ca id=\"A\">\u003c/a>Episode Transcript\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>This is a computer-generated transcript. While our team has reviewed it, there may be errors.\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Katrina Schwartz:\u003c/strong> Fremont is the fourth-largest town in the Bay Area, but it doesn’t always get the love it deserves. It’s a quiet place, but has a thriving tech industry, an incredibly diverse population and played an important role in the early silent film industry. It’s also home to one of the largest Afghan populations in the country…a fact that often shows up in pop culture.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Clip from \u003cem>Fremont\u003c/em>: \u003c/strong>Do you live in Fremont? Are you also from Afghanistan? Yes, I am. On the Special Immigration Visa? Yes. I was a translator in Afghanistan.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Katrina Schwartz: \u003c/strong>That’s a clip from the 2023 indie film “Fremont” about a military translator starting over in Fremont after being forced to leave Afghanistan.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>It’s a premise rooted in reality. Over the past 40-some years, Fremont’s Afghans have slowly built a cultural hub here. There’s even a business district known as Little Kabul.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>That name, Little Kabul, sparked the interest of one Bay Curious listener who wanted to know more about how Fremont became home to so many Afghans.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Today on Bay Curious, we’re tracing four distinct waves of Afghan immigration to the U.S. and illuminating how 40 years of U.S. foreign policy have led us to this point. We’ll meet Afghan refugees who’ve settled here, learn what makes this community unique and dig into some of the challenges they face.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>I’m Katrina Schwartz, filling in for Olivia Allen-Price. Stay with us.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>Sponsor message\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Katrina Schwartz:\u003c/strong> Northern California is home to the largest concentration of Afghans in the United States. And many have settled in the Bay Area city of Fremont. Reporter Asal Ehsanipour went to find out why so many folks have decided to make this East Bay town home.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Asal Ehsanipour:\u003c/strong> Recently, I went to an Eid dinner to celebrate the end of Ramadan.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Masoud Juya: \u003c/strong>We have, of course, the delicious kabuli pulao, which is a very common Afghan dish.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Asal Ehsanipour: \u003c/strong>Tables piled with plates of homemade rice and pastries made by local Afghans.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Masoud Juya:\u003c/strong> This is called simion. It’s a very popular dried fruit, usually during Eid, it is used in Afghanistan.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Asal Ehsanipour: \u003c/strong>Guiding me on this food tour is Dr. Masoud Juya, the associate director of a local nonprofit called the Afghan Coalition.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Masoud Juya: \u003c/strong>We have come here today to celebrate Eid and also to enjoy the Afghan culture, food, music. And to kind of enhance our collegiality, you know, over the joy and feast of Eid.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Asal Ehsanipour: \u003c/strong>Roughly 66,000 people of Afghan descent live in California, according to the 2019 Census. And historically, the highest concentration has been right here in Fremont. Making it one of the largest Afghan communities in the country.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Masoud Juya: \u003c/strong>Fremont was like a magnet for Afghans to come and join this beautiful city. And one reason that it’s a big attractive factor for Afghans is definitely this landscape, the beauty, the geography, and the weather.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Asal Ehsanipour: \u003c/strong>It doesn’t hurt that the East Bay has these majestic hills, which remind Afghans of home.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Masoud Juya: \u003c/strong>When you see these hills, it’s really reminiscent of those beautiful memories.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Asal Ehsanipour: \u003c/strong>Fremont’s Afghan community has been growing for decades. Masoud says you can break it down into four – distinct waves, each based on a moment of conflict and political change in Afghanistan.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The first wave of immigration began in the late 1970s when the USSR invaded Afghanistan and took control of Kabul.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>News Clip: \u003c/strong>In 1979, the Soviet Union determined that Afghanistan would be a communist nation … forever.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Asal Ehsanipour: \u003c/strong>The Soviet invasion and the U.S. decision to arm rebel groups within Afghanistan as part of a proxy Cold War kicked off decades of instability for Afghanistan. Millions were killed. And millions more fled as refugees.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>News Clip: \u003c/strong>In that decade of war, over 1,000 villages and towns have been destroyed by tanks and bombs.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Masoud Juya:\u003c/strong> The immigrants from that era were those who were persecuted by the communist regime.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Asal Ehsanipour: \u003c/strong>They included religious minorities and people who’d held government jobs.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Masoud Juya:\u003c/strong> As well as civilians, ordinary civilians who did not feel safe to stay in the country.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Asal Ehsanipour: \u003c/strong>Many Afghans fled to neighboring countries, like Iran and Pakistan. Others came to America.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Masoud Juya:\u003c/strong> Some of them ended up in Virginia first, and then they knew somebody who had recently come to this part of the country, and they were satisfied. So then they talked together and they decided to join each other here.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Asal Ehsanipour: \u003c/strong>Like so many immigrant communities, Afghans came to California because that’s where they knew people. If entire families were to uproot their lives and move across the world, they needed to stick together.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>At a weekly health event put on by the Afghan Elderly Association, women I met said they’d followed family members who’d come to Fremont for work or school.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Woman 1: \u003c/strong>My daughter, she went to San José State.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Woman 2: \u003c/strong>Aunts and uncle.\u003cstrong> \u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Woman 3: \u003c/strong>My friend, my relative.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Woman 2: \u003c/strong>Everybody was here in Fremont, so I came to join them, join the group.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Asal Ehsanipour: \u003c/strong>Hanifa Sai Tokhi came to the Bay Area 47 years ago. But she still feels the pain of leaving Afghanistan.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Hanifa Sai Tokhi:\u003c/strong> I was crying for two and a half years. We didn’t come by our choice. We were forced to leave the country.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Asal Ehsanipour: \u003c/strong>Hanifa’s husband had worked for the Afghan government before the Soviet invasion. One day, they heard a knock at the door.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Hanifa Sai Tokhi:\u003c/strong> They sent the notices that they’re going to arrest him and put him in jail. And even they told him to be ready when the soldiers come, go with them.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Asal Ehsanipour: \u003c/strong>With just $1,000 to their names, Hanifa, her husband, and their two small children made their way to the Bay Area. Hanifa had a brother-in-law in San Jose.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Hanifa Sai Tokhi:\u003c/strong> By the time we came, we had $22 because most of the money was spent.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Asal Ehsanipour: \u003c/strong>Hanifa says life was hard. They struggled to pay the mortgage, sometimes went without electricity. Eventually, she and her husband got political asylum and work permits, applied for jobs in the early days of Silicon Valley.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Hanifa Sai Tokhi:\u003c/strong> But then, there is not a lot of people coming to San Jose, but mostly was coming to Fremont.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Asal Ehsanipour: \u003c/strong>Almost immediately, Fremont became the center of Afghan life. Grocery stores like Maiwand Market sold tastes of home. And immigrants opened mosques, rug stores, and Halal butcher shops. And the City of Fremont supported them. It offered grants to help Afghan business owners get started.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Masoud Juya:\u003c/strong> Slowly, it started to get built. Until this city was called Little Kabul, which is a very attractive name.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Asal Ehsanipour: \u003c/strong>Masoud Juya says Fremont was more affordable than bigger cities like San Francisco or Oakland. Plus, California had generous welfare benefits that helped people get resettled here.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>So, Afghans trickled into Fremont throughout the 1980s until the next big wave of immigration a decade later.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Masoud Juya: \u003c/strong>The second wave actually was in the 1990s, when Afghanistan was experiencing a civil war.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>News clip:\u003c/strong> The Shiite Southwest District of Kabul begin the latest battlefield in the fight to control Afghanistan’s capital.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Asal Ehsanipour: \u003c/strong>The civil war was between different ethnic groups in Afghanistan and resulted in the Taliban’s rise to power.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Masoud remembers how tumultuous and disruptive that time was.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Masoud Juya: \u003c/strong>I was actually in the primary school, and the war was terrible.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>News clip: \u003c/strong>Rebels reportedly fired hundreds of rockets in the residential area.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Masoud Juya: \u003c/strong>A lot of homes were destroyed due to the civil war, and our home was no exception. So every Afghan was doing their best to get out of the country.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Asal Ehsanipour: \u003c/strong>Again, many Afghans came to the U.S.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Masoud Juya: \u003c/strong>When they ended up here, then the first question they asked was like, OK, which state has more Afghans? Let’s go and join our communities there.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Asal Ehsanipour: \u003c/strong>When the \u003cem>second\u003c/em> wave of immigrants got to Fremont, the \u003cem>first\u003c/em> wave was ready to help them get settled. That’s how Masoud’s organization, the Afghan Coalition, was founded in 1996. Since then, they’ve offered social services to Afghan refugees, helping them find housing, jobs, and mental health support.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>And it was around the time the Afghan Elderly Association started its work. The founders went door to door individually recruiting each member.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Hanifa Sai Tokhi: \u003c/strong>I was working with this association for 16 years.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Asal Ehsanipour: \u003c/strong>Here’s Hanifa Sai Tokhi again. After leaving Afghanistan during the Soviet Invasion, she eventually became a \u003cem>health promoter\u003c/em> for the Afghan Elderly Association. Her job was to bring culturally appropriate health services to older community members.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Hanifa Sai Tokhi: \u003c/strong>We were going with these ladies to advocate to the doctors and translate. Like sometimes they cannot read English, and we would ask what is this medicine for?\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Asal Ehsanipour: \u003c/strong>But the organization knew that healthy living wasn’t just about medication and doctor’s visits. There needed to be a social element. So, they created the Healthy Aging Program. And, it still exists!\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Hanifa Sai Tokhi: \u003c/strong>They brought these ladies out of isolation.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Asal Ehsanipour: \u003c/strong>Here, each week, they offer a hot meal, exercise classes and medical check-ups from Afghan nurses who speak Farsi.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Hanifa Sai Tokhi: \u003c/strong>And also, there is some gossip, too. I have to have gossip.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Asal Ehsanipour: \u003c/strong>Programs like this created more opportunities for immigrants to feel comfortable and connected when they got to Fremont. And for years, the city of Fremont’s Human Services Department collaborated with the Afghan Elderly Association. They provided staffing support, along with office and meeting spaces.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>And so with that second wave, the Afghan community was growing. Thriving in a Fremont bubble, until the 9/11 attacks put the international spotlight back on Afghanistan.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>News clip: \u003c/strong>We have a very tragic alert for you right now. An incredible plane crash into the World Trade Center here at the lower tip of Manhattan.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>George W. Bush: \u003c/strong>On my orders, the United States military has begun strikes against al-Qaeda terrorist training camps and military installations of the Taliban regime and Afghanistan.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Masoud Juya: \u003c/strong>The Taliban government was toppled post-9/11, and a new administration was built in Afghanistan.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Asal Ehsanipour: \u003c/strong>With the new government came a new constitution. It meant an end to the Taliban’s religious extremism, opportunities for women to work, and girls to get an education.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Masoud Juya: \u003c/strong>So this was the beginning of a big change for Afghanistan. It was the first time after all those dark periods that Afghanistan was connected to the rest of the world.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Asal Ehsanipour: \u003c/strong>Rather than needing to flee as refugees, people could finally come to the U.S. on cultural exchange programs or to study. But when they got here, they were faced with a very Islamophobic America.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Masoud Juya: \u003c/strong>When there is maybe an added layer of difficulty because of stigma, discrimination, or whatsoever, this in itself is also another factor that might motivate community members to come together so that they prevent themselves from additional threats or risks.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Asal Ehsanipour: \u003c/strong>Masoud first came to the U.S. during this third wave after the fall of the Taliban. He wanted to learn as much as he could and bring that knowledge back to Afghanistan.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Masoud Juya:\u003c/strong> We put into practice pretty much every bit of information we learned here. And we were really, in our own sense, we were really revolutionists in terms of helping Afghanistan develop.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Asal Ehsanipour: \u003c/strong>Inspired by his time in the States, he opened a successful university and a health science institute.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Masoud Juya: \u003c/strong>And that’s why people like me were always staying there until we really had to leave post-2021.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Asal Ehsanipour: \u003c/strong>2021, when the United States \u003cem>withdrew\u003c/em> from Afghanistan.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Joe Biden:\u003c/strong> I concluded it’s time to end America’s longest war. It’s time for American troops to come home.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Asal Ehsanipour: \u003c/strong>The Taliban took back control of the country.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>News clip: \u003c/strong>The Taliban advance appears unstoppable. Ruthless as ever, to those who stand in their way.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Asal Ehsanipour: \u003c/strong>This U.S. policy decision caused the fourth and most recent wave of immigration.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>News clip: \u003c/strong>Now the Taliban is back, anyone who worked for the Afghan government has fled or is in hiding. Women and girls live in fear.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Asal Ehsanipour: \u003c/strong>Masoud was also afraid. He had been at the forefront of trying to rebuild a more liberal, democratic Afghanistan. But now, all of that was smoke.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Masoud Juya:\u003c/strong> I was fighting hard as a member of my community against extremism. So I was really at high risk, and I had to leave as soon as I could.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Asal Ehsanipour: \u003c/strong>Masoud explored every avenue and eventually got out through an American Ph.D. program.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Masoud Juya:\u003c/strong> But after I completed my Ph.D., then I was thinking of staying somewhere for a stable life.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Asal Ehsanipour: \u003c/strong>The obvious choice: Fremont. Masoud is one of roughly 10,000 Afghans who ended up in California after the 2021 withdrawal. And this time, the refugees came from all parts of Afghan society.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Masoud Juya: \u003c/strong>The fourth wave is actually a very, very different group of people: vocalists, musicians, academics.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Asal Ehsanipour: \u003c/strong>Journalists and human rights advocates, too.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Masoud Juya:\u003c/strong> More importantly, people who really worked with the Afghan government and the U.S. Government.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Asal Ehsanipour: \u003c/strong>Including members of the U.S. military and allied forces.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Masoud Juya:\u003c/strong> But then there were also some civilians who just went to the airport because they are also afraid.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Asal Ehsanipour: \u003c/strong>You might remember news footage of desperate Afghans sprinting after U.S. military planes trying to get onboard. Some even held onto the wings as the planes took off.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Masoud Juya:\u003c/strong> People who were really scared of their lives.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Asal Ehsanipour: \u003c/strong>As these horrific scenes unfolded, the city of Fremont again stepped up to support the Afghan community. It raised $485,000 for an Afghan Refugee Help Fund … to help pay for things like filing immigration documents, temporary housing, mental health resources, and driving lessons for recent arrivals. This was done in collaboration with Afghan organizations and businesses. As ever, those who had already established themselves mobilized to help newcomers. And new immigrants leveraged what earlier waves had built.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Masoud Juya:\u003c/strong> Yeah, all these resources that Afghans created, institutions that they built, connections that they had, the knowledge that they have from navigating the U.S. System, I think they were all transferred into the new waves.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Asal Ehsanipour: \u003c/strong>When Masoud got to Fremont, his expertise building institutions in Afghanistan made him the perfect guy for a job at the Afghan Coalition, helping other refugees get settled. But he was one of the lucky few.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Masoud Juya:\u003c/strong> Afghans come here, and I see they were professionals back home. They come here, but they cannot find a professional job.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Asal Ehsanipour: \u003c/strong>This fourth wave is bigger than the prior ones. And people don’t have the skills to fit into the Bay Area’s high-tech, AI-driven economy.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Masoud Juya:\u003c/strong> So I see a lot of frustration for some of the young, talented Afghans.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Asal Ehsanipour: \u003c/strong>One of those young, talented Afghans is Hasib Sepand. He arrived in Fremont before the U.S. military withdrew from Afghanistan and started a music school, called The Sepand Academy … Just six months later, the Taliban came back to power.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Hasib Sepand:\u003c/strong> Nobody was interested in music, even myself. So, we were like mentally very depressed. I didn’t have that courage to play music. Because my family’s over there.\u003cstrong> \u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Asal Ehsanipour: \u003c/strong>Like Hasib, his family were musicians. And Hasib’s siblings had also worked with the American Army. Because of that, they were able to qualify for Special Immigrant Visas.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Hasib Sepand:\u003c/strong> And the last American plane that flew from Afghanistan included my family. It’s like a film.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Asal Ehsanipour: \u003c/strong>Hasib was so grateful his family made it to safety, he wanted to help other newcomers. With the city’s help, Hasib offered three months of free music classes to new arrivals. They sang and played instruments like the tabla and sitar. You’re hearing them play now.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>Sounds of music class playing\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Hasib Sepand:\u003c/strong> I tried to give a positive energy, especially for the newcomers, because they face a lot of problems. They face stress, depression, different culture, different language, sometimes no job.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Asal Ehsanipour: \u003c/strong>Hasib says before he came to Fremont — before he knew anything about how hard it would be to live in the U.S. — he thought it would be a more glamorous place.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Hasib Sepand: \u003c/strong>My Afghan friends, they used to tell me, “OK, so you are going to Fremont. Oh my god. That’s a dream city.” And they gave me kind of like wrong imagination.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Asal Ehsanipour: \u003c/strong>This was not the “America” Hasib had pictured. But as he’s watched the community come together to support one another, he’s come to love this place.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Hasib Sepand:\u003c/strong> Now, to me, it looks a hundred times better than every place in America because I live here and I have friends and I enjoy everything in Fremont.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Asal Ehsanipour: \u003c/strong>He says he loves the people, the fellowship created at local Afghan bakeries and banquet halls.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Hasib Sepand:\u003c/strong> Right now, I feel that I’m in Afghanistan. I’m in my hometown. Most of the time, I don’t speak English because everywhere I go is like Afghans. And when my friends come from Canada or from Europe, they are jealous. I love Fremont.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Asal Ehsanipour: \u003c/strong>Or as Hasib calls it: Little Kabul.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Katrina Schwartz:\u003c/strong> That was reporter Asal Ehsanipour.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Fremont’s Afghan community is under threat once again. President Trump recently announced plans to end temporary protected status for a host of countries, including Afghanistan. The administration also put a halt to most refugee resettlements programs.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The other big difficulty facing this community is cost of living in the Bay Area. More Afghans are choosing to settle in Sacramento than Fremont now because it’s more affordable.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>As you may have heard, this is a perilous time for public media and KQED. So, if you have a moment, head on over to kqed dot org slash donate. Every little bit helps to support the shows you love, and we appreciate you so much.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Bay Curious is produced in San Francisco at member-supported KQED.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Our show is made by Gabriela Glueck, Christopher Beale and me, Katrina Schwartz.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>With extra support from Maha Sanad, Katie Sprenger, Jen Chien and everyone on team KQED.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Some members of the KQED podcast team are represented by the Screen Actors Guild, American Federation of Television and Radio Artists. San Francisco Northern California Local.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Have a great week.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad floatright]\u003c/p>\n",
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"excerpt": "The East Bay town of Fremont is known for its diversity and growing tech sector, but also as a hub of Afghan life and culture. We explore the forces that created Little Kabul.",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>\u003cem>\u003ca href=\"#A\">View the full episode transcript.\u003c/a>\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>On a typical afternoon, shoppers pour in and out of \u003ca href=\"https://www.maiwandmarket.com/\">Maiwand Market \u003c/a>in Fremont’s Centerville District, making a beeline for the bakery, where \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/bayareabites/2584/afghan-bread-in-fremonts-little-kabul\">traditional Afghan naan is made fresh each day\u003c/a>. Customers bag their loaves up themselves at a nearby table — some stocking up on a dozen at a time. A short walk in either direction leads to additional grocery stores and restaurants serving Afghan delicacies like beef kabobs, bolani kachaloo and qabilil pallow.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Fremont is home to one of the largest concentrations of Afghans in the United States. Over the past 40-some years, this community — often celebrated for its thriving tech industry and diverse population — has even become known as Little Kabul.\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003caside class=\"alignleft utils-parseShortcode-shortcodes-__bayCuriousPodcastShortcode__bayCurious\">\u003cimg src=https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2023/02/bayCuriousLogo.png alt=\"Bay Curious Podcast\" loading=\"lazy\" />\n \u003ca href=\"/news/series/baycurious\">Bay Curious\u003c/a> is a podcast that answers your questions about the Bay Area.\n Subscribe on \u003ca href=\"https://itunes.apple.com/us/podcast/bay-curious/id1172473406\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">Apple Podcasts\u003c/a>,\n \u003ca href=\"http://www.npr.org/podcasts/500557090/bay-curious\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">NPR One\u003c/a> or your favorite podcast platform.\u003c/aside>\u003c/p>\u003cp> It’s a fact that has made its way into pop culture, including the 2023 indie film \u003cem>Fremont\u003c/em> and Khaled Hosseini’s bestselling novel, \u003cem>The Kite Runner\u003c/em>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The name Little Kabul, along with the frequent cultural references, got one Bay Curious listener wondering: How did Fremont become a cultural hub for so many Afghan Americans?\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The answer goes back more than 45 years and can be broken down into four distinct waves of immigration, each based on a moment of conflict and political change in Afghanistan. But, it’s also a story of people fleeing their home country, a place they love, and looking for community and something familiar in their new home.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_12050024\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 2000px\">\u003ca href=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2025/07/006_FREMONT_MAIWANDMARKET_08272021-KQED.jpg\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-full wp-image-12050024\" src=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2025/07/006_FREMONT_MAIWANDMARKET_08272021-KQED.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"2000\" height=\"1333\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2025/07/006_FREMONT_MAIWANDMARKET_08272021-KQED.jpg 2000w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2025/07/006_FREMONT_MAIWANDMARKET_08272021-KQED-160x107.jpg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2025/07/006_FREMONT_MAIWANDMARKET_08272021-KQED-1536x1024.jpg 1536w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 2000px) 100vw, 2000px\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">A customer buys Afghan bread made at Maiwand Market in Fremont on Aug. 27, 2021. \u003ccite>(Beth LaBerge/KQED)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003ch2>Soviets invade Afghanistan, spark first major exodus\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>The first wave of Afghan immigrants left home during the \u003ca href=\"https://history.state.gov/milestones/1977-1980/soviet-invasion-afghanistan\">Soviet Union’s 1979 invasion of Afghanistan\u003c/a>. The USSR seized military control of Kabul and transformed the country into a war zone. Millions of Afghans were killed and millions more were forced to flee.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>This wave of refugees included ordinary civilians and religious minorities, as well as those who had held government jobs under previous administrations. Many Afghans fled to neighboring countries like Iran and Pakistan. Others immigrated to the United States.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“We didn’t come by our choice; we were forced to leave the country,” said Hanifa Sai Tokhi, a volunteer who helps run the \u003ca href=\"https://www.afghanelderlyassociation.org/our-programs.html\">Afghan Elderly Association’s Healthy Aging Program\u003c/a> in Fremont. “I was crying for two and a half years.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Tokhi vividly remembers leaving Afghanistan 47 years ago. Her husband was a government employee under \u003ca href=\"https://www.history.com/this-day-in-history/april-27/afghan-president-is-overthrown-and-murdered\">Afghan President Mohammad Daoud Khan\u003c/a>. After the Soviet invasion, their family received a notice that he would be arrested for his work under the country’s previous leadership.\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>With just $1,000 to their names, Tokhi, her husband and their two small children made their way to the Bay Area. By the time they joined their extended family in San Jose, Tokhi said they had just $22 left.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Tokhi, who had been an assistant professor of chemistry and biology back in Kabul, said that establishing herself in California was hard. She and her husband struggled to pay the mortgage and sometimes went without electricity. But eventually, they got political asylum and work permits. They were able to land jobs in the early days of Silicon Valley.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Like so many immigrant communities, Afghans like Tokhi came to Northern California because they knew someone in the area. When it was no longer safe to stay in Afghanistan, entire families relocated to where family members had come for work or school.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Fremont was like a magnet for Afghans to come and join this beautiful city,” said Dr. Masoud Juya, the associate director of the \u003ca href=\"https://afghancoalition.org/\">Afghan Coalition\u003c/a>. “One reason that [is] a big attractive factor for Afghans is definitely this landscape, the beauty, the geography, and the weather.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The East Bay hills reminded many Afghans of the mountainous terrain of their homeland. Entrepreneurial immigrants opened mosques, rug stores, and halal butcher shops. Specialty grocery stores like Maiwand Market soon opened their doors, offering fresh bread and other imported goods to local Afghans.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The city of Fremont supported these endeavors by offering grants to Afghan business owners.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Fremont was more affordable than bigger cities like San Francisco or Oakland, and California also had generous welfare benefits that helped people get resettled here.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Slowly it started to get built until this city was called ‘Little Kabul,’ which is a very attractive name,” said Juya.\u003c/p>\n\u003ch2>A civil war prompts more people to leave Afghanistan\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>The second wave of immigration took place in the 1990s during the Afghan Civil War, following the collapse of the Soviet-backed Afghan government. The war took place between different ethnic groups and eventually resulted in the Taliban’s rise to power.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Though Juya was in elementary school at the time, he still remembers how tumultuous and disruptive the civil war was. Tens of thousands of Afghans — mostly civilians — were killed throughout the conflict.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_12050014\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 2000px\">\u003ca href=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2025/07/250723-AFGHANSINFREMONT-04-BL-KQED.jpg\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-full wp-image-12050014\" src=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2025/07/250723-AFGHANSINFREMONT-04-BL-KQED.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"2000\" height=\"1333\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2025/07/250723-AFGHANSINFREMONT-04-BL-KQED.jpg 2000w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2025/07/250723-AFGHANSINFREMONT-04-BL-KQED-160x107.jpg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2025/07/250723-AFGHANSINFREMONT-04-BL-KQED-1536x1024.jpg 1536w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 2000px) 100vw, 2000px\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Participants wave colorful scarves during an exercise segment at the Afghan Elderly Association’s weekly wellness gathering in Fremont on July 23, 2025. The event is part of the nonprofit’s Healthy Aging Program, supporting Afghan elders through social connection, movement, meals, and health education. \u003ccite>(Beth LaBerge/KQED)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>“A lot of homes were destroyed due to the civil war, and our home was no exception,” Juya recalled, adding that he had been buried under the rubble. His family was displaced to a new city, though many Afghans left Afghanistan altogether.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Again, many migrated to the United States.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“When they ended up here, then the first question they asked was like, ‘OK, which state has more Afghans? Let’s go and join our communities there,’” Juya said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>When the second wave of immigrants arrived in Northern California, the first wave was ready to help them get settled. The Afghan Coalition, was established in Fremont during this time. Since 1996, the mission of this international organization has been to offer social services to Afghan refugees, including assistance with housing, professional resources and mental health support.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The Afghan Elderly Association was founded a year earlier to provide Afghans with culturally appropriate health programs. The organization’s founders went door-to-door, individually recruiting each elder.\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>“We were going with these ladies to advocate to the doctors and translate,” said Tokhi, who worked with the group as a health promoter. “We were going to their homes. We were doing medication management. Sometimes they cannot read English, and we would ask, ‘What is this medicine for?’”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But the organization knew that healthy living wasn’t just about medication and doctor’s visits. There needed to be a social element, \u003ca href=\"https://www.afghanelderlyassociation.org/our-programs.html\">which they eventually offered through its Healthy Aging Program\u003c/a>. Each week, the program offers a hot meal, exercise classes and medical check-ups from Afghan nurses who speak Farsi.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“They brought these ladies out of isolation,” Tokhi said. She now helps run the program as a volunteer. “There is some gossip, too,” Tokhi said with a laugh. “I have to have gossip.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Programs like this created more opportunities for immigrants to feel comfortable and connected when they got to Fremont. And the city supported them. For years, Fremont’s Human Services Department collaborated with the Afghan Elderly Association by providing staffing support, along with office and meeting spaces.\u003c/p>\n\u003ch2>9/11 upends the social order in Afghanistan\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>The third wave of immigration to Fremont occurred after the terrorist attacks on Sept. 11, 2001. The United States sent troops into Afghanistan to oust the Taliban leaders, sparking an overseas conflict that continued for 20 years.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The toppling of the Taliban regime ushered in a new Afghan government and constitution. With the end of the Taliban’s religious extremism also came opportunities for women to work and girls to get an education.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_12050017\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 2000px\">\u003ca href=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2025/07/250723-AFGHANSINFREMONT-12-BL-KQED.jpg\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-full wp-image-12050017\" src=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2025/07/250723-AFGHANSINFREMONT-12-BL-KQED.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"2000\" height=\"1333\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2025/07/250723-AFGHANSINFREMONT-12-BL-KQED.jpg 2000w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2025/07/250723-AFGHANSINFREMONT-12-BL-KQED-160x107.jpg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2025/07/250723-AFGHANSINFREMONT-12-BL-KQED-1536x1024.jpg 1536w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 2000px) 100vw, 2000px\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Volunteer Hanifa Tokhi speaks to the group at the Afghan Elderly Association’s weekly wellness gathering in Fremont on July 23, 2025. The event is part of the nonprofit’s Healthy Aging Program, supporting Afghan elders through social connection, movement, meals, and health education. \u003ccite>(Beth LaBerge/KQED)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>“This was the beginning of a big change for Afghanistan,” said Juya. “It was the first time after all those dark periods that Afghanistan was connected to the rest of the world.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Rather than needing to flee as refugees as in the earlier immigration waves, Afghans could finally come to the U.S. on cultural exchange programs or to study.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“They freely moved out of Afghanistan because of the opportunities that were available,” Juya said.\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>Juya himself first came to the United States during the third wave, in 2009. He’d just graduated medical school and was pursuing a Fulbright scholarship. He later traveled back and forth to Afghanistan, where he opened a successful university and a health science institute inspired by his time in the U.S.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“We put into practice pretty much every bit of information we learned here,” said Dr. Juya. “We were really revolutionists in terms of helping Afghanistan develop.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>While he’s grateful for all he learned studying in the U.S., the experience wasn’t all positive. He, like other Afghan immigrants, faced discrimination as a Muslim.*\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“There is an added layer of difficulty because of stigma, discrimination,” he said. “This in itself is also another factor that might motivate community members to come together so that they prevent themselves from additional threats or risks.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Even Fremont experienced that stigma. In 2001, \u003ca href=\"https://www.sfgate.com/bayarea/article/a-worrisome-wake-fear-of-backlash-lurks-in-a-2878560.php\">local news outlets\u003c/a> reported on hate crimes directed at Afghans, including death threats and a smashed store window around Little Kabul. A few days later, the owner of the vandalized store put an American flag in those same windows to show his loyalty to the U.S.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Years later, Afghan Americans asked the City Council to formally recognize the area known as Little Kabul. However, \u003ca href=\"https://www.eastbaytimes.com/2004/09/27/fremont-wont-have-a-little-kabul/\">the initiative stalled after local businesses banded together to oppose the idea\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003ch2>US troops withdraw from Afghanistan\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>The fourth and largest wave of immigration started in 2021 with President Biden’s decision to withdraw U.S. troops from Afghanistan. Almost immediately, the Taliban returned to power and anyone who had participated in opening Afghanistan up, making it more liberal and democratic, was in danger. People like Juya.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“I was fighting hard as a member of my community against extremism,” Juya said. “I was really at high risk, and I had to leave as soon as I could.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_12050012\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 2000px\">\u003ca href=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2025/07/250721-AFGHANSINFREMONT-14-BL-KQED.jpg\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-full wp-image-12050012\" src=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2025/07/250721-AFGHANSINFREMONT-14-BL-KQED.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"2000\" height=\"1333\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2025/07/250721-AFGHANSINFREMONT-14-BL-KQED.jpg 2000w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2025/07/250721-AFGHANSINFREMONT-14-BL-KQED-160x107.jpg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2025/07/250721-AFGHANSINFREMONT-14-BL-KQED-1536x1024.jpg 1536w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 2000px) 100vw, 2000px\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Associate Director Masoud Juya sits in a conference room at the offices of the Afghan Coalition in Fremont on July 21, 2025. The organization provides health, education, and social services to support Afghan and other immigrant communities in the Bay Area. \u003ccite>(Beth LaBerge/KQED)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Juya eventually left Afghanistan through an American Ph.D. program, after which he settled in Concord in search of a stable life.**\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>He is one of \u003ca href=\"https://www.fremont.gov/home/showpublisheddocument/12395/638119693632730000\">roughly 10,000 Afghans\u003c/a> who ended up in California after the 2021 withdrawal. The refugees during this fourth wave came from all parts of Afghan society, including academics, musicians, journalists, human rights advocates, and those who had worked with the U.S. military and allied forces.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>So many people wanted to get out of Afghanistan during the hectic withdrawal that \u003ca href=\"https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=FiRJRjsLx-M&ab_channel=GuardianNews\">some people sprinted after U.S. military planes trying to get onboard\u003c/a> and others held onto the wings as the planes took off.\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>As these horrific scenes unfolded, the City of Fremont again stepped up to support its local Afghan community. The Human Services Department raised $485,000 for an \u003ca href=\"https://www.fremont.gov/home/showpublisheddocument/12395/638119693632730000\">Afghan Refugee Help Fund\u003c/a>, which paid for necessities like filing immigration documents, temporary housing, new cell phones, mental health resources, and driving lessons for recent arrivals. The effort was coordinated in collaboration with Afghan organizations and businesses.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>As ever, the Afghans who had already established themselves in the Bay Area mobilized to help newcomers.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Soon after Juya arrived in Fremont, his fellow Afghans hired him to help run the Afghan Coalition. But, he said, the volume of new Afghan arrivals has made a competitive job market even tougher. And many people don’t have the skills to fit into Silicon Valley’s high-tech, AI-driven economy.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“They were professionals back home,” he said. “They come here but they cannot find a professional job, so I see a lot of frustration for some of the young, talented Afghans.” Many are hustling as DoorDash or Uber drivers.\u003c/p>\n\u003ch2>Promoting ‘positive energy’\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>The music composer and producer Hasib Sepand was lucky enough to arrive in Fremont before the U.S. military withdrew from Afghanistan. He opened a music school, called \u003ca href=\"https://www.sepandstudios.com/service/sepand-music-academy/\">The Sepand Music Academy\u003c/a>. Just six months later, the Taliban came back to power.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Nobody was interested in music, even myself,” he said. “We were like mentally very depressed. I didn’t have that courage to play music because my family’s over there.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_12050026\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 2000px\">\u003ca href=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2025/07/250721-AfghansinFremont-04-BL_qed.jpg\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-full wp-image-12050026\" src=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2025/07/250721-AfghansinFremont-04-BL_qed.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"2000\" height=\"1333\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2025/07/250721-AfghansinFremont-04-BL_qed.jpg 2000w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2025/07/250721-AfghansinFremont-04-BL_qed-160x107.jpg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2025/07/250721-AfghansinFremont-04-BL_qed-1536x1024.jpg 1536w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 2000px) 100vw, 2000px\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Hasib Sepand plays the harmonium at Sepand Studios in Fremont on July 21, 2025, where his music academy offers instruction in sitar, tabla, harmonium, and other instruments, and he composes and produces music. \u003ccite>(Beth LaBerge/KQED)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Sepand came from a family of well-known musicians in Afghanistan, who were forced to relocate to Pakistan after the Taliban’s first rise to power. During the U.S. war with Afghanistan, Sepand’s family had also worked with the American Army. They were able to qualify for Special Immigrant Visas.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“The last American plane that flew from Afghanistan included my family,” Sepand said. “It’s like a film.”\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>After he helped resettle his family in the Bay Area, Sepand reached out to the City of Fremont. They collaborated to offer three months of free music classes to new arrivals as a part of the Afghan Refugee Help Fund. Sepand taught students to sing traditional Afghan music and play instruments like the tabla and sitar.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“My class is not only a music class,” he said. “I tried to give a positive energy, especially for the newcomers, because they face a lot of problems. They face stress, depression, different culture, different language, sometimes no job.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Sepand said that students would often tell him his music class was the highlight of their week.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Before he came to Fremont and learned the firsthand challenges of starting over in America, Sepand thought it would be a more glamorous place. But Fremont was not the America Hasib had pictured. Over time, as he has watched the community come together to support one another, he has come to love this place.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Now, to me, it looks a hundred times better than every place in America because I live here and I have friends and I enjoy everything in Fremont,” Sepand said. “I love Fremont.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>*An earlier version of this story stated that Juya experienced discrimination for being Muslim and Arab. But Afghans are not Arab. We regret the error.\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>**A previous version of this story stated that Juya settled in Fremont. In fact, he lives in Concord.\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003ch2>\u003ca id=\"A\">\u003c/a>Episode Transcript\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>This is a computer-generated transcript. While our team has reviewed it, there may be errors.\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Katrina Schwartz:\u003c/strong> Fremont is the fourth-largest town in the Bay Area, but it doesn’t always get the love it deserves. It’s a quiet place, but has a thriving tech industry, an incredibly diverse population and played an important role in the early silent film industry. It’s also home to one of the largest Afghan populations in the country…a fact that often shows up in pop culture.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Clip from \u003cem>Fremont\u003c/em>: \u003c/strong>Do you live in Fremont? Are you also from Afghanistan? Yes, I am. On the Special Immigration Visa? Yes. I was a translator in Afghanistan.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Katrina Schwartz: \u003c/strong>That’s a clip from the 2023 indie film “Fremont” about a military translator starting over in Fremont after being forced to leave Afghanistan.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>It’s a premise rooted in reality. Over the past 40-some years, Fremont’s Afghans have slowly built a cultural hub here. There’s even a business district known as Little Kabul.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>That name, Little Kabul, sparked the interest of one Bay Curious listener who wanted to know more about how Fremont became home to so many Afghans.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Today on Bay Curious, we’re tracing four distinct waves of Afghan immigration to the U.S. and illuminating how 40 years of U.S. foreign policy have led us to this point. We’ll meet Afghan refugees who’ve settled here, learn what makes this community unique and dig into some of the challenges they face.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>I’m Katrina Schwartz, filling in for Olivia Allen-Price. Stay with us.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>Sponsor message\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Katrina Schwartz:\u003c/strong> Northern California is home to the largest concentration of Afghans in the United States. And many have settled in the Bay Area city of Fremont. Reporter Asal Ehsanipour went to find out why so many folks have decided to make this East Bay town home.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Asal Ehsanipour:\u003c/strong> Recently, I went to an Eid dinner to celebrate the end of Ramadan.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Masoud Juya: \u003c/strong>We have, of course, the delicious kabuli pulao, which is a very common Afghan dish.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Asal Ehsanipour: \u003c/strong>Tables piled with plates of homemade rice and pastries made by local Afghans.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Masoud Juya:\u003c/strong> This is called simion. It’s a very popular dried fruit, usually during Eid, it is used in Afghanistan.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Asal Ehsanipour: \u003c/strong>Guiding me on this food tour is Dr. Masoud Juya, the associate director of a local nonprofit called the Afghan Coalition.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Masoud Juya: \u003c/strong>We have come here today to celebrate Eid and also to enjoy the Afghan culture, food, music. And to kind of enhance our collegiality, you know, over the joy and feast of Eid.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Asal Ehsanipour: \u003c/strong>Roughly 66,000 people of Afghan descent live in California, according to the 2019 Census. And historically, the highest concentration has been right here in Fremont. Making it one of the largest Afghan communities in the country.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Masoud Juya: \u003c/strong>Fremont was like a magnet for Afghans to come and join this beautiful city. And one reason that it’s a big attractive factor for Afghans is definitely this landscape, the beauty, the geography, and the weather.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Asal Ehsanipour: \u003c/strong>It doesn’t hurt that the East Bay has these majestic hills, which remind Afghans of home.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Masoud Juya: \u003c/strong>When you see these hills, it’s really reminiscent of those beautiful memories.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Asal Ehsanipour: \u003c/strong>Fremont’s Afghan community has been growing for decades. Masoud says you can break it down into four – distinct waves, each based on a moment of conflict and political change in Afghanistan.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The first wave of immigration began in the late 1970s when the USSR invaded Afghanistan and took control of Kabul.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>News Clip: \u003c/strong>In 1979, the Soviet Union determined that Afghanistan would be a communist nation … forever.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Asal Ehsanipour: \u003c/strong>The Soviet invasion and the U.S. decision to arm rebel groups within Afghanistan as part of a proxy Cold War kicked off decades of instability for Afghanistan. Millions were killed. And millions more fled as refugees.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>News Clip: \u003c/strong>In that decade of war, over 1,000 villages and towns have been destroyed by tanks and bombs.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Masoud Juya:\u003c/strong> The immigrants from that era were those who were persecuted by the communist regime.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Asal Ehsanipour: \u003c/strong>They included religious minorities and people who’d held government jobs.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Masoud Juya:\u003c/strong> As well as civilians, ordinary civilians who did not feel safe to stay in the country.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Asal Ehsanipour: \u003c/strong>Many Afghans fled to neighboring countries, like Iran and Pakistan. Others came to America.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Masoud Juya:\u003c/strong> Some of them ended up in Virginia first, and then they knew somebody who had recently come to this part of the country, and they were satisfied. So then they talked together and they decided to join each other here.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Asal Ehsanipour: \u003c/strong>Like so many immigrant communities, Afghans came to California because that’s where they knew people. If entire families were to uproot their lives and move across the world, they needed to stick together.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>At a weekly health event put on by the Afghan Elderly Association, women I met said they’d followed family members who’d come to Fremont for work or school.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Woman 1: \u003c/strong>My daughter, she went to San José State.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Woman 2: \u003c/strong>Aunts and uncle.\u003cstrong> \u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Woman 3: \u003c/strong>My friend, my relative.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Woman 2: \u003c/strong>Everybody was here in Fremont, so I came to join them, join the group.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Asal Ehsanipour: \u003c/strong>Hanifa Sai Tokhi came to the Bay Area 47 years ago. But she still feels the pain of leaving Afghanistan.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Hanifa Sai Tokhi:\u003c/strong> I was crying for two and a half years. We didn’t come by our choice. We were forced to leave the country.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Asal Ehsanipour: \u003c/strong>Hanifa’s husband had worked for the Afghan government before the Soviet invasion. One day, they heard a knock at the door.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Hanifa Sai Tokhi:\u003c/strong> They sent the notices that they’re going to arrest him and put him in jail. And even they told him to be ready when the soldiers come, go with them.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Asal Ehsanipour: \u003c/strong>With just $1,000 to their names, Hanifa, her husband, and their two small children made their way to the Bay Area. Hanifa had a brother-in-law in San Jose.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Hanifa Sai Tokhi:\u003c/strong> By the time we came, we had $22 because most of the money was spent.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Asal Ehsanipour: \u003c/strong>Hanifa says life was hard. They struggled to pay the mortgage, sometimes went without electricity. Eventually, she and her husband got political asylum and work permits, applied for jobs in the early days of Silicon Valley.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Hanifa Sai Tokhi:\u003c/strong> But then, there is not a lot of people coming to San Jose, but mostly was coming to Fremont.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Asal Ehsanipour: \u003c/strong>Almost immediately, Fremont became the center of Afghan life. Grocery stores like Maiwand Market sold tastes of home. And immigrants opened mosques, rug stores, and Halal butcher shops. And the City of Fremont supported them. It offered grants to help Afghan business owners get started.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Masoud Juya:\u003c/strong> Slowly, it started to get built. Until this city was called Little Kabul, which is a very attractive name.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Asal Ehsanipour: \u003c/strong>Masoud Juya says Fremont was more affordable than bigger cities like San Francisco or Oakland. Plus, California had generous welfare benefits that helped people get resettled here.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>So, Afghans trickled into Fremont throughout the 1980s until the next big wave of immigration a decade later.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Masoud Juya: \u003c/strong>The second wave actually was in the 1990s, when Afghanistan was experiencing a civil war.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>News clip:\u003c/strong> The Shiite Southwest District of Kabul begin the latest battlefield in the fight to control Afghanistan’s capital.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Asal Ehsanipour: \u003c/strong>The civil war was between different ethnic groups in Afghanistan and resulted in the Taliban’s rise to power.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Masoud remembers how tumultuous and disruptive that time was.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Masoud Juya: \u003c/strong>I was actually in the primary school, and the war was terrible.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>News clip: \u003c/strong>Rebels reportedly fired hundreds of rockets in the residential area.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Masoud Juya: \u003c/strong>A lot of homes were destroyed due to the civil war, and our home was no exception. So every Afghan was doing their best to get out of the country.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Asal Ehsanipour: \u003c/strong>Again, many Afghans came to the U.S.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Masoud Juya: \u003c/strong>When they ended up here, then the first question they asked was like, OK, which state has more Afghans? Let’s go and join our communities there.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Asal Ehsanipour: \u003c/strong>When the \u003cem>second\u003c/em> wave of immigrants got to Fremont, the \u003cem>first\u003c/em> wave was ready to help them get settled. That’s how Masoud’s organization, the Afghan Coalition, was founded in 1996. Since then, they’ve offered social services to Afghan refugees, helping them find housing, jobs, and mental health support.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>And it was around the time the Afghan Elderly Association started its work. The founders went door to door individually recruiting each member.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Hanifa Sai Tokhi: \u003c/strong>I was working with this association for 16 years.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Asal Ehsanipour: \u003c/strong>Here’s Hanifa Sai Tokhi again. After leaving Afghanistan during the Soviet Invasion, she eventually became a \u003cem>health promoter\u003c/em> for the Afghan Elderly Association. Her job was to bring culturally appropriate health services to older community members.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Hanifa Sai Tokhi: \u003c/strong>We were going with these ladies to advocate to the doctors and translate. Like sometimes they cannot read English, and we would ask what is this medicine for?\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Asal Ehsanipour: \u003c/strong>But the organization knew that healthy living wasn’t just about medication and doctor’s visits. There needed to be a social element. So, they created the Healthy Aging Program. And, it still exists!\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Hanifa Sai Tokhi: \u003c/strong>They brought these ladies out of isolation.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Asal Ehsanipour: \u003c/strong>Here, each week, they offer a hot meal, exercise classes and medical check-ups from Afghan nurses who speak Farsi.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Hanifa Sai Tokhi: \u003c/strong>And also, there is some gossip, too. I have to have gossip.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Asal Ehsanipour: \u003c/strong>Programs like this created more opportunities for immigrants to feel comfortable and connected when they got to Fremont. And for years, the city of Fremont’s Human Services Department collaborated with the Afghan Elderly Association. They provided staffing support, along with office and meeting spaces.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>And so with that second wave, the Afghan community was growing. Thriving in a Fremont bubble, until the 9/11 attacks put the international spotlight back on Afghanistan.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>News clip: \u003c/strong>We have a very tragic alert for you right now. An incredible plane crash into the World Trade Center here at the lower tip of Manhattan.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>George W. Bush: \u003c/strong>On my orders, the United States military has begun strikes against al-Qaeda terrorist training camps and military installations of the Taliban regime and Afghanistan.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Masoud Juya: \u003c/strong>The Taliban government was toppled post-9/11, and a new administration was built in Afghanistan.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Asal Ehsanipour: \u003c/strong>With the new government came a new constitution. It meant an end to the Taliban’s religious extremism, opportunities for women to work, and girls to get an education.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Masoud Juya: \u003c/strong>So this was the beginning of a big change for Afghanistan. It was the first time after all those dark periods that Afghanistan was connected to the rest of the world.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Asal Ehsanipour: \u003c/strong>Rather than needing to flee as refugees, people could finally come to the U.S. on cultural exchange programs or to study. But when they got here, they were faced with a very Islamophobic America.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Masoud Juya: \u003c/strong>When there is maybe an added layer of difficulty because of stigma, discrimination, or whatsoever, this in itself is also another factor that might motivate community members to come together so that they prevent themselves from additional threats or risks.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Asal Ehsanipour: \u003c/strong>Masoud first came to the U.S. during this third wave after the fall of the Taliban. He wanted to learn as much as he could and bring that knowledge back to Afghanistan.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Masoud Juya:\u003c/strong> We put into practice pretty much every bit of information we learned here. And we were really, in our own sense, we were really revolutionists in terms of helping Afghanistan develop.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Asal Ehsanipour: \u003c/strong>Inspired by his time in the States, he opened a successful university and a health science institute.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Masoud Juya: \u003c/strong>And that’s why people like me were always staying there until we really had to leave post-2021.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Asal Ehsanipour: \u003c/strong>2021, when the United States \u003cem>withdrew\u003c/em> from Afghanistan.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Joe Biden:\u003c/strong> I concluded it’s time to end America’s longest war. It’s time for American troops to come home.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Asal Ehsanipour: \u003c/strong>The Taliban took back control of the country.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>News clip: \u003c/strong>The Taliban advance appears unstoppable. Ruthless as ever, to those who stand in their way.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Asal Ehsanipour: \u003c/strong>This U.S. policy decision caused the fourth and most recent wave of immigration.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>News clip: \u003c/strong>Now the Taliban is back, anyone who worked for the Afghan government has fled or is in hiding. Women and girls live in fear.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Asal Ehsanipour: \u003c/strong>Masoud was also afraid. He had been at the forefront of trying to rebuild a more liberal, democratic Afghanistan. But now, all of that was smoke.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Masoud Juya:\u003c/strong> I was fighting hard as a member of my community against extremism. So I was really at high risk, and I had to leave as soon as I could.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Asal Ehsanipour: \u003c/strong>Masoud explored every avenue and eventually got out through an American Ph.D. program.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Masoud Juya:\u003c/strong> But after I completed my Ph.D., then I was thinking of staying somewhere for a stable life.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Asal Ehsanipour: \u003c/strong>The obvious choice: Fremont. Masoud is one of roughly 10,000 Afghans who ended up in California after the 2021 withdrawal. And this time, the refugees came from all parts of Afghan society.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Masoud Juya: \u003c/strong>The fourth wave is actually a very, very different group of people: vocalists, musicians, academics.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Asal Ehsanipour: \u003c/strong>Journalists and human rights advocates, too.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Masoud Juya:\u003c/strong> More importantly, people who really worked with the Afghan government and the U.S. Government.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Asal Ehsanipour: \u003c/strong>Including members of the U.S. military and allied forces.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Masoud Juya:\u003c/strong> But then there were also some civilians who just went to the airport because they are also afraid.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Asal Ehsanipour: \u003c/strong>You might remember news footage of desperate Afghans sprinting after U.S. military planes trying to get onboard. Some even held onto the wings as the planes took off.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Masoud Juya:\u003c/strong> People who were really scared of their lives.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Asal Ehsanipour: \u003c/strong>As these horrific scenes unfolded, the city of Fremont again stepped up to support the Afghan community. It raised $485,000 for an Afghan Refugee Help Fund … to help pay for things like filing immigration documents, temporary housing, mental health resources, and driving lessons for recent arrivals. This was done in collaboration with Afghan organizations and businesses. As ever, those who had already established themselves mobilized to help newcomers. And new immigrants leveraged what earlier waves had built.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Masoud Juya:\u003c/strong> Yeah, all these resources that Afghans created, institutions that they built, connections that they had, the knowledge that they have from navigating the U.S. System, I think they were all transferred into the new waves.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Asal Ehsanipour: \u003c/strong>When Masoud got to Fremont, his expertise building institutions in Afghanistan made him the perfect guy for a job at the Afghan Coalition, helping other refugees get settled. But he was one of the lucky few.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Masoud Juya:\u003c/strong> Afghans come here, and I see they were professionals back home. They come here, but they cannot find a professional job.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Asal Ehsanipour: \u003c/strong>This fourth wave is bigger than the prior ones. And people don’t have the skills to fit into the Bay Area’s high-tech, AI-driven economy.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Masoud Juya:\u003c/strong> So I see a lot of frustration for some of the young, talented Afghans.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Asal Ehsanipour: \u003c/strong>One of those young, talented Afghans is Hasib Sepand. He arrived in Fremont before the U.S. military withdrew from Afghanistan and started a music school, called The Sepand Academy … Just six months later, the Taliban came back to power.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Hasib Sepand:\u003c/strong> Nobody was interested in music, even myself. So, we were like mentally very depressed. I didn’t have that courage to play music. Because my family’s over there.\u003cstrong> \u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Asal Ehsanipour: \u003c/strong>Like Hasib, his family were musicians. And Hasib’s siblings had also worked with the American Army. Because of that, they were able to qualify for Special Immigrant Visas.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Hasib Sepand:\u003c/strong> And the last American plane that flew from Afghanistan included my family. It’s like a film.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Asal Ehsanipour: \u003c/strong>Hasib was so grateful his family made it to safety, he wanted to help other newcomers. With the city’s help, Hasib offered three months of free music classes to new arrivals. They sang and played instruments like the tabla and sitar. You’re hearing them play now.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>Sounds of music class playing\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Hasib Sepand:\u003c/strong> I tried to give a positive energy, especially for the newcomers, because they face a lot of problems. They face stress, depression, different culture, different language, sometimes no job.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Asal Ehsanipour: \u003c/strong>Hasib says before he came to Fremont — before he knew anything about how hard it would be to live in the U.S. — he thought it would be a more glamorous place.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Hasib Sepand: \u003c/strong>My Afghan friends, they used to tell me, “OK, so you are going to Fremont. Oh my god. That’s a dream city.” And they gave me kind of like wrong imagination.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Asal Ehsanipour: \u003c/strong>This was not the “America” Hasib had pictured. But as he’s watched the community come together to support one another, he’s come to love this place.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Hasib Sepand:\u003c/strong> Now, to me, it looks a hundred times better than every place in America because I live here and I have friends and I enjoy everything in Fremont.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Asal Ehsanipour: \u003c/strong>He says he loves the people, the fellowship created at local Afghan bakeries and banquet halls.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Hasib Sepand:\u003c/strong> Right now, I feel that I’m in Afghanistan. I’m in my hometown. Most of the time, I don’t speak English because everywhere I go is like Afghans. And when my friends come from Canada or from Europe, they are jealous. I love Fremont.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Asal Ehsanipour: \u003c/strong>Or as Hasib calls it: Little Kabul.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Katrina Schwartz:\u003c/strong> That was reporter Asal Ehsanipour.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Fremont’s Afghan community is under threat once again. President Trump recently announced plans to end temporary protected status for a host of countries, including Afghanistan. The administration also put a halt to most refugee resettlements programs.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The other big difficulty facing this community is cost of living in the Bay Area. More Afghans are choosing to settle in Sacramento than Fremont now because it’s more affordable.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>As you may have heard, this is a perilous time for public media and KQED. So, if you have a moment, head on over to kqed dot org slash donate. Every little bit helps to support the shows you love, and we appreciate you so much.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Bay Curious is produced in San Francisco at member-supported KQED.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Our show is made by Gabriela Glueck, Christopher Beale and me, Katrina Schwartz.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>With extra support from Maha Sanad, Katie Sprenger, Jen Chien and everyone on team KQED.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Some members of the KQED podcast team are represented by the Screen Actors Guild, American Federation of Television and Radio Artists. San Francisco Northern California Local.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Have a great week.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/news/12051668/la-red-de-respuesta-rapida-en-el-condado-de-santa-clara\">\u003cem>Leer en español\u003c/em>\u003c/a>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>What once was one of the busiest shopping plazas \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/news/tag/san-jose\">in San José\u003c/a> is now a much quieter place. At Placita Tropicana — located on the corner of Story and King roads — quinceañera dresses still sparkle, pupusas still sizzle and pan dulce is baked fresh every morning.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“But people are too afraid to come out now,” said Elizabeth Ramírez, who works at Joyería Cruz, a boutique and clothing store. “Once there’s a rumor out on social media that immigration agents are at Tropicana, everyone disappears and sales go down.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>And when customers do come in, she said, they’re often scared that Immigration and Customs Enforcement may be nearby. “When I see that look on their face, I give them these cards,” she said, holding up two sets of cards: one red and the other yellow.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The \u003ca href=\"https://www.ilrc.org/red-cards-tarjetas-rojas\">red card\u003c/a>, provided by the Immigrant Legal Resource Center, lists in both English and Spanish the rights of individuals during encounters with federal immigration agents. But it’s the yellow card that has a much more direct message: “Protect our community. Report ICE activity!”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The yellow cards are from the \u003ca href=\"https://linktr.ee/rrninscc\">Rapid Response Network in Santa Clara County\u003c/a>, a coalition of 11 organizations and hundreds of volunteers who work around the clock to verify possible ICE sightings. Many volunteers are immigrants or children of immigrants, all driven by the belief that immigrant families have a home in San José and the South Bay, regardless of their immigration status.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_12049160\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 2000px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-full wp-image-12049160\" src=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2025/07/250718-RIDEALONGRAPIDRESPONSE-08-BL-KQED.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"2000\" height=\"1333\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2025/07/250718-RIDEALONGRAPIDRESPONSE-08-BL-KQED.jpg 2000w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2025/07/250718-RIDEALONGRAPIDRESPONSE-08-BL-KQED-160x107.jpg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2025/07/250718-RIDEALONGRAPIDRESPONSE-08-BL-KQED-1536x1024.jpg 1536w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 2000px) 100vw, 2000px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Socorro Montaño, lead dispatcher for the Rapid Response Network, speaks with a business owner about how to report ICE activity and the network’s efforts to verify sightings in San José on July 21, 2025. \u003ccite>(Beth LaBerge/KQED)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>The goal: spread the word about ICE activity as quickly as possible. The network’s hotline connects callers to responders who can confirm or refute rumors of immigration enforcement. If ICE \u003cem>is\u003c/em> present, the network swiftly alerts thousands of community members through social media and group chats.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>As ICE plans to further expand its operations nationwide — with an \u003ca href=\"https://www.cbsnews.com/news/ice-funding-big-beautiful-bill-trump-deportations/\">additional $75 billion in funding\u003c/a> from President Donald Trump’s One Big Beautiful Bill — the network is doubling down on its efforts. When not staffing the hotline, volunteers are training neighbors on how to correctly spot ICE, what immigration agents can and cannot do and even how to prepare for a potential family separation. While the Bay Area has not seen immigration raids \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/news/12046457/much-of-las-community-of-immigrants-is-hiding-leaving-a-hole-in-the-fabric-of-the-city\">at the same scale as Los Angeles\u003c/a> earlier this summer, volunteers do not want their community to be caught off guard.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“When the rapid response sends alerts, they’re not asking the government for permission,” said Socorro Montaño, codirector of \u003ca href=\"https://www.lunalatinosunidos.org/\">Latinos United for a New America\u003c/a>, a San José-based group in the \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/news/12049326/as-ice-operations-expand-how-are-immigrant-allies-responding\">Santa Clara County Rapid Response Network\u003c/a>. “In minutes, the network is having a tangible impact on people’s lives … This is people power without having to concede power in the political sphere.”[aside postID=news_12049326 hero='https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2025/07/250715-ImmigrationCourtProtests-07-BL_qed.jpg']On a recent Friday morning, Montaño visited Ramírez at her shop to ensure she had enough cards. The network, Montaño said, is only as strong as the community that powers it. “Everybody who has our number saved, everybody who’s ever called us or shared the number with a loved one — they are part of the network.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“All of this works,” said Ramírez. When she hears a rumor on WhatsApp about ICE moving through San José, she said the first thing she does is check in with the rapid response network. Within minutes, she shares verified updates from volunteers with her loved ones. “You take what you need from this. And for me, it has been an incredible support.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>When they’re not managing the phone lines, Montaño and other volunteers visit local South Bay businesses to hand out cards and educate residents. Their next stop: a jewelry and watch repair shop next door, filled with the high-pitched whirring and humming of polishing machines.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Yo soy Socorro,” Montaño introduced themselves. “Lo que más me importa hoy es hablarle sobre la red de respuesta rápida.” (“What’s most important for me today is to talk to you about the rapid response network.”)\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Luis Urbina, the shop’s owner, had seen the red cards before but didn’t know about the network.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“This whole situation almost paralyzes you,” he said, “Honestly, I wouldn’t know what to do if I were stopped by immigration. But now I do.”\u003c/p>\n\u003ch2>Who picks up the phone\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>While Montaño and others spread the word, coalition members stand by for calls to come in. Staffing the hotline is often difficult.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“When you pick up a call, you can hear how anxious people are,” said Carmen Torres, an organizer with \u003ca href=\"https://www.sirenimmigrantrights.org/\">Services, Immigrant Rights and Education Network\u003c/a>, another group in the coalition. This year alone, the hotline has received \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/news/12045336/growing-south-bay-ice-fears-lead-to-surge-in-immigrant-hotline-calls\">thousands of calls\u003c/a>. Some are false alarms — people mistaking San José police officers for ICE agents.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_12049166\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 2000px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-full wp-image-12049166\" src=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2025/07/250718-RIDEALONGRAPIDRESPONSE-24-BL-KQED.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"2000\" height=\"1333\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2025/07/250718-RIDEALONGRAPIDRESPONSE-24-BL-KQED.jpg 2000w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2025/07/250718-RIDEALONGRAPIDRESPONSE-24-BL-KQED-160x107.jpg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2025/07/250718-RIDEALONGRAPIDRESPONSE-24-BL-KQED-1536x1024.jpg 1536w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 2000px) 100vw, 2000px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Socorro Montaño (left), lead dispatcher for the Rapid Response Network, speaks with Cruz (middle) and Monse Roa in San José on July 21, 2025. The Rapid Response Network operates a hotline to mobilize volunteers and support immigrant families during ICE actions. \u003ccite>(Beth LaBerge/KQED)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>But sometimes, callers are overwhelmed by the fear that ICE will separate their family. “People tell us that they’ve been calling everywhere trying to find a lawyer, but no one is taking new cases,” Torres said. “But what more can I say to them then? I think that’s when I feel like the expression, ‘I go to the wall.’”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The demand for immigration lawyers is so great right now in the Bay Area that the network can only mobilize attorneys in urgent situations. Acknowledging the limitation, SIREN also helps families make plans in case a parent or guardian is detained.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Sometimes people get scared with just hearing that word — plan — because it means thinking that the worst could happen to us,” said María Aceves, who, along with her husband, Eliseo, has volunteered with SIREN and other immigration justice efforts for more than 20 years. “But I tell them that the best thing we can do is to be prepared and research how to prepare and defend yourself instead of staying in your house in fear.”[aside postID=news_12045336 hero='https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2025/06/250614-NO-KINGS-SAN-JOSE-AC-09-KQED.jpg']The fear of deportation is not just affecting San José businesses. In immigrant communities \u003ca href=\"https://www.cnn.com/2025/07/04/us/los-angeles-ghost-towns\">across California\u003c/a> and the \u003ca href=\"https://www.axios.com/local/charlotte/2025/07/10/ice-immigration-business-north-carolina\">rest of the country\u003c/a>, fewer people are \u003ca href=\"https://www.univision.com/local/sacramento-kuvs/politica-sacramento/menos-ventas-mas-miedo-temor-a-los-operativos-migratorios-aleja-a-los-clientes-de-los-comercios-video\">shopping\u003c/a>, \u003ca href=\"https://www.npr.org/2025/06/11/nx-s1-5428350/immigration-crackdowns-pose-problems-to-businesses-reliant-on-those-in-u-s-illegally\">working\u003c/a> or even \u003ca href=\"https://siepr.stanford.edu/news/student-absences-increased-under-threat-deportation-efforts-study-finds\">taking their children to school\u003c/a>. Central Valley school districts facing increased immigration enforcement saw an average 22% rise in student absences earlier this year.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“We know that [Trump] will only be in power for four years, but in those four years, they could destroy us,” said Aceves. As an immigrant, she understands the fear others in her community feel but insists that it needs to be faced directly.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“My daughter sometimes tells me to stop coming out to volunteer,” she said. “But I tell her that I’ve done this work for longer than she’s been alive, and I like it … You know what to do in case something happens. I will let God guide me.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Torres said it feels good to give people accurate information about immigration enforcement so they can continue with their lives. The network’s motto, after all, is “Power, not panic.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“We don’t know what Trump’s thinking. We don’t know what immigration enforcement is thinking. But we do know what rights we have,” she said. “When we go out to the community, give out information and then come back and pick up the phones, it’s all connected.”\u003c/p>\n\u003ch2>A San José original\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>As the summer sun rises higher over Alum Rock, a historic Mexican American district, the streets warm. Montaño — joined by two organizers from \u003ca href=\"https://www.amigoscenter.com/rapid-respon\">Amigos de Guadalupe\u003c/a> — make their way from business to business to talk about the network.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Some vendors recognized them and showed off their supply of red and yellow cards placed near their front doors. Others received their decks for the first time.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_12049167\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 2000px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"wp-image-12049167 size-full\" src=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2025/07/250718-RIDEALONGRAPIDRESPONSE-27-BL-KQED.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"2000\" height=\"1333\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2025/07/250718-RIDEALONGRAPIDRESPONSE-27-BL-KQED.jpg 2000w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2025/07/250718-RIDEALONGRAPIDRESPONSE-27-BL-KQED-160x107.jpg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2025/07/250718-RIDEALONGRAPIDRESPONSE-27-BL-KQED-1536x1024.jpg 1536w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 2000px) 100vw, 2000px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Maria Moreno (center), a San José resident for over 40 years and owner of a candy store, speaks to Socorro Montaño, lead dispatcher for the Rapid Response Network, about how to report ICE activity in San José on July 21, 2025. \u003ccite>(Beth LaBerge/KQED)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>“We all need to have these cards ready,” said María Moreno, a San José resident for over 40 years and owner of a candy store in Alum Rock. “I want to share these with my customers. We need to feel confident walking down the street again.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Many of the shops in Alum Rock have been owned by Mexican and Mexican American families for generations. But you will also find \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/sanjosefood\">Vietnamese, South Asian and Colombian restaurants\u003c/a> — a reflection of how much of San José’s culture and economy depends on immigrant labor. More than 40% of the city’s population \u003ca href=\"https://data.census.gov/profile/San_Jose_CCD,_Santa_Clara_County,_California?g=060XX00US0608592830\">is foreign-born\u003c/a>, a percentage higher than both San Francisco and New York City.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>For Montaño, protecting the city’s immigrants from deportation is part of what it means to be from San José. Born and raised in the city, one side of their family recently migrated from Nicaragua — while the other has lived in Santa Clara County for three generations.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“I’m a Bay Area kid,” they said. “Almost wherever I am, our community runs so deep and thick that I know I can find trusted people.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>After the 2016 election, a handful of volunteers formed the rapid response network in Santa Clara County. As more groups joined, the network’s reach expanded: both \u003ca href=\"https://www.sanjoseca.gov/your-government/departments-offices/office-of-the-city-manager/racial-equity/immigrant-affairs/rapid-response-hotline\">the city of San José\u003c/a> and \u003ca href=\"https://www.santaclaracounty.gov/one-county-one-future\">the county\u003c/a> now list it as a resource. Similar networks are \u003ca href=\"https://www.ccijustice.org/carrn\">forming across the country\u003c/a>, inspired by the belief that immigrant communities have the capacity to respond to the federal government.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Now, Montaño and others are focused on ensuring this work can be sustained for the next four years.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“A few weeks ago, I was asked an icebreaker question: ‘If you could live anywhere in the world, where would you live?’” Montaño said. “I answered ‘San José, California.’ This is my home. And this is the home that I’m building.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad floatright]\u003c/p>\n",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/news/12051668/la-red-de-respuesta-rapida-en-el-condado-de-santa-clara\">\u003cem>Leer en español\u003c/em>\u003c/a>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>What once was one of the busiest shopping plazas \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/news/tag/san-jose\">in San José\u003c/a> is now a much quieter place. At Placita Tropicana — located on the corner of Story and King roads — quinceañera dresses still sparkle, pupusas still sizzle and pan dulce is baked fresh every morning.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“But people are too afraid to come out now,” said Elizabeth Ramírez, who works at Joyería Cruz, a boutique and clothing store. “Once there’s a rumor out on social media that immigration agents are at Tropicana, everyone disappears and sales go down.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>And when customers do come in, she said, they’re often scared that Immigration and Customs Enforcement may be nearby. “When I see that look on their face, I give them these cards,” she said, holding up two sets of cards: one red and the other yellow.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The \u003ca href=\"https://www.ilrc.org/red-cards-tarjetas-rojas\">red card\u003c/a>, provided by the Immigrant Legal Resource Center, lists in both English and Spanish the rights of individuals during encounters with federal immigration agents. But it’s the yellow card that has a much more direct message: “Protect our community. Report ICE activity!”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The yellow cards are from the \u003ca href=\"https://linktr.ee/rrninscc\">Rapid Response Network in Santa Clara County\u003c/a>, a coalition of 11 organizations and hundreds of volunteers who work around the clock to verify possible ICE sightings. Many volunteers are immigrants or children of immigrants, all driven by the belief that immigrant families have a home in San José and the South Bay, regardless of their immigration status.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_12049160\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 2000px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-full wp-image-12049160\" src=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2025/07/250718-RIDEALONGRAPIDRESPONSE-08-BL-KQED.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"2000\" height=\"1333\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2025/07/250718-RIDEALONGRAPIDRESPONSE-08-BL-KQED.jpg 2000w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2025/07/250718-RIDEALONGRAPIDRESPONSE-08-BL-KQED-160x107.jpg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2025/07/250718-RIDEALONGRAPIDRESPONSE-08-BL-KQED-1536x1024.jpg 1536w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 2000px) 100vw, 2000px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Socorro Montaño, lead dispatcher for the Rapid Response Network, speaks with a business owner about how to report ICE activity and the network’s efforts to verify sightings in San José on July 21, 2025. \u003ccite>(Beth LaBerge/KQED)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>The goal: spread the word about ICE activity as quickly as possible. The network’s hotline connects callers to responders who can confirm or refute rumors of immigration enforcement. If ICE \u003cem>is\u003c/em> present, the network swiftly alerts thousands of community members through social media and group chats.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>As ICE plans to further expand its operations nationwide — with an \u003ca href=\"https://www.cbsnews.com/news/ice-funding-big-beautiful-bill-trump-deportations/\">additional $75 billion in funding\u003c/a> from President Donald Trump’s One Big Beautiful Bill — the network is doubling down on its efforts. When not staffing the hotline, volunteers are training neighbors on how to correctly spot ICE, what immigration agents can and cannot do and even how to prepare for a potential family separation. While the Bay Area has not seen immigration raids \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/news/12046457/much-of-las-community-of-immigrants-is-hiding-leaving-a-hole-in-the-fabric-of-the-city\">at the same scale as Los Angeles\u003c/a> earlier this summer, volunteers do not want their community to be caught off guard.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“When the rapid response sends alerts, they’re not asking the government for permission,” said Socorro Montaño, codirector of \u003ca href=\"https://www.lunalatinosunidos.org/\">Latinos United for a New America\u003c/a>, a San José-based group in the \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/news/12049326/as-ice-operations-expand-how-are-immigrant-allies-responding\">Santa Clara County Rapid Response Network\u003c/a>. “In minutes, the network is having a tangible impact on people’s lives … This is people power without having to concede power in the political sphere.”\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>On a recent Friday morning, Montaño visited Ramírez at her shop to ensure she had enough cards. The network, Montaño said, is only as strong as the community that powers it. “Everybody who has our number saved, everybody who’s ever called us or shared the number with a loved one — they are part of the network.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“All of this works,” said Ramírez. When she hears a rumor on WhatsApp about ICE moving through San José, she said the first thing she does is check in with the rapid response network. Within minutes, she shares verified updates from volunteers with her loved ones. “You take what you need from this. And for me, it has been an incredible support.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>When they’re not managing the phone lines, Montaño and other volunteers visit local South Bay businesses to hand out cards and educate residents. Their next stop: a jewelry and watch repair shop next door, filled with the high-pitched whirring and humming of polishing machines.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Yo soy Socorro,” Montaño introduced themselves. “Lo que más me importa hoy es hablarle sobre la red de respuesta rápida.” (“What’s most important for me today is to talk to you about the rapid response network.”)\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Luis Urbina, the shop’s owner, had seen the red cards before but didn’t know about the network.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“This whole situation almost paralyzes you,” he said, “Honestly, I wouldn’t know what to do if I were stopped by immigration. But now I do.”\u003c/p>\n\u003ch2>Who picks up the phone\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>While Montaño and others spread the word, coalition members stand by for calls to come in. Staffing the hotline is often difficult.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“When you pick up a call, you can hear how anxious people are,” said Carmen Torres, an organizer with \u003ca href=\"https://www.sirenimmigrantrights.org/\">Services, Immigrant Rights and Education Network\u003c/a>, another group in the coalition. This year alone, the hotline has received \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/news/12045336/growing-south-bay-ice-fears-lead-to-surge-in-immigrant-hotline-calls\">thousands of calls\u003c/a>. Some are false alarms — people mistaking San José police officers for ICE agents.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_12049166\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 2000px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-full wp-image-12049166\" src=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2025/07/250718-RIDEALONGRAPIDRESPONSE-24-BL-KQED.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"2000\" height=\"1333\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2025/07/250718-RIDEALONGRAPIDRESPONSE-24-BL-KQED.jpg 2000w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2025/07/250718-RIDEALONGRAPIDRESPONSE-24-BL-KQED-160x107.jpg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2025/07/250718-RIDEALONGRAPIDRESPONSE-24-BL-KQED-1536x1024.jpg 1536w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 2000px) 100vw, 2000px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Socorro Montaño (left), lead dispatcher for the Rapid Response Network, speaks with Cruz (middle) and Monse Roa in San José on July 21, 2025. The Rapid Response Network operates a hotline to mobilize volunteers and support immigrant families during ICE actions. \u003ccite>(Beth LaBerge/KQED)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>But sometimes, callers are overwhelmed by the fear that ICE will separate their family. “People tell us that they’ve been calling everywhere trying to find a lawyer, but no one is taking new cases,” Torres said. “But what more can I say to them then? I think that’s when I feel like the expression, ‘I go to the wall.’”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The demand for immigration lawyers is so great right now in the Bay Area that the network can only mobilize attorneys in urgent situations. Acknowledging the limitation, SIREN also helps families make plans in case a parent or guardian is detained.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Sometimes people get scared with just hearing that word — plan — because it means thinking that the worst could happen to us,” said María Aceves, who, along with her husband, Eliseo, has volunteered with SIREN and other immigration justice efforts for more than 20 years. “But I tell them that the best thing we can do is to be prepared and research how to prepare and defend yourself instead of staying in your house in fear.”\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>The fear of deportation is not just affecting San José businesses. In immigrant communities \u003ca href=\"https://www.cnn.com/2025/07/04/us/los-angeles-ghost-towns\">across California\u003c/a> and the \u003ca href=\"https://www.axios.com/local/charlotte/2025/07/10/ice-immigration-business-north-carolina\">rest of the country\u003c/a>, fewer people are \u003ca href=\"https://www.univision.com/local/sacramento-kuvs/politica-sacramento/menos-ventas-mas-miedo-temor-a-los-operativos-migratorios-aleja-a-los-clientes-de-los-comercios-video\">shopping\u003c/a>, \u003ca href=\"https://www.npr.org/2025/06/11/nx-s1-5428350/immigration-crackdowns-pose-problems-to-businesses-reliant-on-those-in-u-s-illegally\">working\u003c/a> or even \u003ca href=\"https://siepr.stanford.edu/news/student-absences-increased-under-threat-deportation-efforts-study-finds\">taking their children to school\u003c/a>. Central Valley school districts facing increased immigration enforcement saw an average 22% rise in student absences earlier this year.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“We know that [Trump] will only be in power for four years, but in those four years, they could destroy us,” said Aceves. As an immigrant, she understands the fear others in her community feel but insists that it needs to be faced directly.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“My daughter sometimes tells me to stop coming out to volunteer,” she said. “But I tell her that I’ve done this work for longer than she’s been alive, and I like it … You know what to do in case something happens. I will let God guide me.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Torres said it feels good to give people accurate information about immigration enforcement so they can continue with their lives. The network’s motto, after all, is “Power, not panic.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“We don’t know what Trump’s thinking. We don’t know what immigration enforcement is thinking. But we do know what rights we have,” she said. “When we go out to the community, give out information and then come back and pick up the phones, it’s all connected.”\u003c/p>\n\u003ch2>A San José original\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>As the summer sun rises higher over Alum Rock, a historic Mexican American district, the streets warm. Montaño — joined by two organizers from \u003ca href=\"https://www.amigoscenter.com/rapid-respon\">Amigos de Guadalupe\u003c/a> — make their way from business to business to talk about the network.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Some vendors recognized them and showed off their supply of red and yellow cards placed near their front doors. Others received their decks for the first time.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_12049167\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 2000px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"wp-image-12049167 size-full\" src=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2025/07/250718-RIDEALONGRAPIDRESPONSE-27-BL-KQED.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"2000\" height=\"1333\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2025/07/250718-RIDEALONGRAPIDRESPONSE-27-BL-KQED.jpg 2000w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2025/07/250718-RIDEALONGRAPIDRESPONSE-27-BL-KQED-160x107.jpg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2025/07/250718-RIDEALONGRAPIDRESPONSE-27-BL-KQED-1536x1024.jpg 1536w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 2000px) 100vw, 2000px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Maria Moreno (center), a San José resident for over 40 years and owner of a candy store, speaks to Socorro Montaño, lead dispatcher for the Rapid Response Network, about how to report ICE activity in San José on July 21, 2025. \u003ccite>(Beth LaBerge/KQED)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>“We all need to have these cards ready,” said María Moreno, a San José resident for over 40 years and owner of a candy store in Alum Rock. “I want to share these with my customers. We need to feel confident walking down the street again.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Many of the shops in Alum Rock have been owned by Mexican and Mexican American families for generations. But you will also find \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/sanjosefood\">Vietnamese, South Asian and Colombian restaurants\u003c/a> — a reflection of how much of San José’s culture and economy depends on immigrant labor. More than 40% of the city’s population \u003ca href=\"https://data.census.gov/profile/San_Jose_CCD,_Santa_Clara_County,_California?g=060XX00US0608592830\">is foreign-born\u003c/a>, a percentage higher than both San Francisco and New York City.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>For Montaño, protecting the city’s immigrants from deportation is part of what it means to be from San José. Born and raised in the city, one side of their family recently migrated from Nicaragua — while the other has lived in Santa Clara County for three generations.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“I’m a Bay Area kid,” they said. “Almost wherever I am, our community runs so deep and thick that I know I can find trusted people.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>After the 2016 election, a handful of volunteers formed the rapid response network in Santa Clara County. As more groups joined, the network’s reach expanded: both \u003ca href=\"https://www.sanjoseca.gov/your-government/departments-offices/office-of-the-city-manager/racial-equity/immigrant-affairs/rapid-response-hotline\">the city of San José\u003c/a> and \u003ca href=\"https://www.santaclaracounty.gov/one-county-one-future\">the county\u003c/a> now list it as a resource. Similar networks are \u003ca href=\"https://www.ccijustice.org/carrn\">forming across the country\u003c/a>, inspired by the belief that immigrant communities have the capacity to respond to the federal government.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Now, Montaño and others are focused on ensuring this work can be sustained for the next four years.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“A few weeks ago, I was asked an icebreaker question: ‘If you could live anywhere in the world, where would you live?’” Montaño said. “I answered ‘San José, California.’ This is my home. And this is the home that I’m building.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"title": "Activists Declare Hunger Strike, Demanding Sanctuary Status for Sonoma County",
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"content": "\u003cp>A group of faith leaders and activists set up camp outside of \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/news/tag/sonoma-county\">Sonoma County\u003c/a>’s office in Santa Rosa on Tuesday, vowing not to eat or leave until the jurisdiction declares itself a sanctuary for undocumented immigrants.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>About a dozen people, coordinated by the Sonoma County Sanctuary Coalition, a group of local faith-based and immigrants’ rights organizers, plan to hunger strike outside of the county’s Board of Supervisors’ chamber until the county agrees to pass a resolution protecting immigrants from federal Immigration and Customs Enforcement.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“With the large immigrant community that [Sonoma County] has — immigrant workers who sustain the wine industry and the hospitality and tourism industries — it really is a slap in the face that the Board of Supervisors has not yet passed this law,” said Renee Saucedo, a community organizer with environmental group Raizes Collective and one of the strikers.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“We’re going to camp all day, every day, and we’re not going to give up until Sonoma County minimally passes a sanctuary ordinance so that people can feel safe that local law enforcement will not report them to ICE,” she continued.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Saucedo said that activists have urged the county to pass a sanctuary policy for years, but that the need has become increasingly pressing in recent months as ICE enforcement has escalated throughout California and after the agency received a federal budget boost.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_12050969\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 2000px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-full wp-image-12050969\" src=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2025/08/250805-SONOMA-HUNGER-STRIKE-BL-05-KQED.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"2000\" height=\"1333\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2025/08/250805-SONOMA-HUNGER-STRIKE-BL-05-KQED.jpg 2000w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2025/08/250805-SONOMA-HUNGER-STRIKE-BL-05-KQED-160x107.jpg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2025/08/250805-SONOMA-HUNGER-STRIKE-BL-05-KQED-1536x1024.jpg 1536w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 2000px) 100vw, 2000px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Miguel Trujillo listens to speakers alongside leaders, immigrant rights groups and allies outside of the Sonoma County Board of Supervisors offices in Santa Rosa on Aug. 5, 2025, during a rally to launch an indefinite hunger strike urging the county to adopt a sanctuary law. \u003ccite>(Beth LaBerge/KQED)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>She said the Sanctuary Coalition, which formed after President Trump’s election in November, is worried that Sonoma could begin to see more widespread raids like those occurring at farms, hardware stores and gas stations in \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/news/12043885/increased-ice-raids-send-shock-waves-through-farm-worker-community\">Southern California\u003c/a>, and more recently, \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/news/12048690/no-sanctuary-anywhere-border-patrol-raids-strike-heart-of-california-capitol\">Sacramento\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Sonoma County is one of four Bay Area counties that does not have a local ordinance declaring itself a sanctuary for undocumented people, but in January, supervisors did pass a resolution pledging to protect immigrants’ civil rights.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Sonoma County Supervisor Lynda Hopkins said the resolution — which is less forceful than an ordinance — directed county departments to safeguard immigrants’ sensitive information and ensure they can continue to access services. The resolution also calls for the county to comply with a \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/news/12016037/california-is-a-sanctuary-state-how-much-protection-will-that-give-immigrants-from-trumps-deportation-plans\">trio of California sanctuary laws\u003c/a> that limit how local law enforcement agencies interact with ICE.[aside postID=news_12050403 hero='https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2025/10/GettyImages-2180061713_qed-1020x680.jpg']Hopkins, who chairs the board, said she and Vice Chair Rebecca Hermosillo met with the Sanctuary Coalition earlier this summer, and have another discussion set for later this month. Hopkins said she respects their pledge to strike, and believes the activists and county largely have the same priorities for protecting immigrants.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In her opinion, however, a sanctuary ordinance would do little to expand actual protections for undocumented people, while peddling false hope.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“We, at this point, can’t actually create a sanctuary county,” Hopkins said. “Even if we called ourselves a sanctuary county, ICE is still able to come in here and, honestly, take folks anytime, anywhere. That’s a really alarming reality that we’re facing.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>She also reiterated a fear expressed by \u003ca href=\"https://www.pressdemocrat.com/article/napa/immigration-napa-ice-state-california/\">Napa police\u003c/a> officials in January when discussing why they had not passed local sanctuary laws: that doing so could draw scrutiny from the federal government.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“It might actually put a target on the backs of our immigrant community and lead to increased ICE action and ICE presence in our community,” Hopkins said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_12050967\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 2000px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-full wp-image-12050967\" src=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2025/08/250805-SONOMA-HUNGER-STRIKE-BL-03-KQED.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"2000\" height=\"1333\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2025/08/250805-SONOMA-HUNGER-STRIKE-BL-03-KQED.jpg 2000w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2025/08/250805-SONOMA-HUNGER-STRIKE-BL-03-KQED-160x107.jpg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2025/08/250805-SONOMA-HUNGER-STRIKE-BL-03-KQED-1536x1024.jpg 1536w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 2000px) 100vw, 2000px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Faith leaders, immigrant rights groups and allies gather outside of the Sonoma County Board of Supervisors offices in Santa Rosa on Aug. 5, 2025, during a rally to launch an indefinite hunger strike urging the county to adopt a sanctuary law. \u003ccite>(Beth LaBerge/KQED)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Along with Napa and Sonoma, Contra Costa and Marin counties also lack express sanctuary laws. Contra Costa County has said it follows state law and supports immigrants in the East Bay county.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In Marin County, a tense, hourslong debate at a Board of Supervisors meeting in 2020 \u003ca href=\"https://web.archive.org/web/20220527210637/https://www.marinij.com/2020/09/16/marin-supervisors-reject-call-for-sanctuary-county/\">ended without a sanctuary ordinance\u003c/a>. The supervisors at the time passed a resolution calling on the Sheriff’s Office to greatly reduce its correspondence with ICE, but stopped short of declaring a sanctuary county, citing disagreements with the sheriff over what he should report.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Unlike cities, whose councils directly oversee their police chiefs, county officials do not have authority over sheriff’s offices beyond approving their budgets.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Then-Marin County Sheriff Robert Doyle defended sharing information — like when some incarcerated people will be released — with ICE, according to reporting from the \u003cem>Marin Independent Journal\u003c/em> at the time. Supervisors passed a resolution urging Doyle to limit publicly posting release dates, limit reporting released to ICE to only undocumented people with serious or violent felony convictions, and notify ICE if someone facing pending charges for a serious crime is undocumented, only if a judge determines there is probable cause at a preliminary hearing.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_12050966\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 2000px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-full wp-image-12050966\" src=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2025/08/250805-SONOMA-HUNGER-STRIKE-BL-02-KQED.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"2000\" height=\"1333\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2025/08/250805-SONOMA-HUNGER-STRIKE-BL-02-KQED.jpg 2000w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2025/08/250805-SONOMA-HUNGER-STRIKE-BL-02-KQED-160x107.jpg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2025/08/250805-SONOMA-HUNGER-STRIKE-BL-02-KQED-1536x1024.jpg 1536w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 2000px) 100vw, 2000px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Gabriela Hernandez, from Almas Libres, leads a cleansing for hunger strikers during a rally to launch an indefinite hunger strike urging the county to adopt a sanctuary law outside of the Sonoma County Board of Supervisors offices in Santa Rosa on Aug. 5, 2025. \u003ccite>(Beth LaBerge/KQED)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>While Saucedo said she believes Sonoma’s sheriff is complying with ICE, Hopkins believes California law already prevents the Sonoma County Sheriff’s Office from sharing personal information, like immigration status, with ICE unless it is subpoenaed.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>She said the Sheriff’s Office doesn’t ask people their immigration status, and if ICE were to subpoena their data collection system, the records would not include that information.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“He’s actually going above and beyond [California law] in terms of noncooperation with ICE or non-notification based on ICE requests,” Hopkins told KQED.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Sheriff’s Office spokesperson Juan Valencia told KQED that the department doesn’t proactively contact ICE, and only responds to its information requests when it seeks public intel or is legally required to.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The department will only hold a person being released for immigration officials if they receive a warrant.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_12050968\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 2000px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-full wp-image-12050968\" src=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2025/08/250805-SONOMA-HUNGER-STRIKE-BL-04-KQED.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"2000\" height=\"1333\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2025/08/250805-SONOMA-HUNGER-STRIKE-BL-04-KQED.jpg 2000w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2025/08/250805-SONOMA-HUNGER-STRIKE-BL-04-KQED-160x107.jpg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2025/08/250805-SONOMA-HUNGER-STRIKE-BL-04-KQED-1536x1024.jpg 1536w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 2000px) 100vw, 2000px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Faith leaders, immigrant rights groups and allies gather outside of the Sonoma County Board of Supervisors offices in Santa Rosa on Aug. 5, 2025, during a rally to launch an indefinite hunger strike urging the county to adopt a sanctuary law. \u003ccite>(Beth LaBerge/KQED)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>“We don’t actually do any enforcement at all of immigration, that’s not our job,” Valencia said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Even with the state law, Saucedo said several other Bay Area counties, including San Francisco, San Mateo, Santa Clara and Alameda, have passed local ordinances expanding sanctuary protections.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>She also pointed out that Humboldt County in Northern California — “which,” she said, “is not considered to be the bastion of radical politics” — has one of the state’s strongest laws against ICE.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“It really is unforgivable,” she told KQED, that Sonoma has not followed suit.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>She and a group of 10 to 15 strikers began their action on Tuesday at 9 a.m., pitching tents and holding a ceremonial opening with dozens more activists and faith leaders. Throughout the week, Saucedo said people plan to join the core group of strikers for a day of fasting or support, but only a small group will remain camped outside the county office.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“We’re holding this hunger strike to convey the message to the Board of Supervisors and to the community at large that we won’t stop until our law passes, and immigrant communities are safer,” Saucedo said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>KQED’s \u003c/em>\u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/author/carlysevern\">\u003cem>Carly Severn\u003c/em>\u003c/a>\u003cem> contributed to this report.\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad floatright]\u003c/p>\n",
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"excerpt": "Faith leaders and community organizers said they would not end their strike until Sonoma County passes a sanctuary ordinance, enshrining protections against immigration enforcement. ",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>A group of faith leaders and activists set up camp outside of \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/news/tag/sonoma-county\">Sonoma County\u003c/a>’s office in Santa Rosa on Tuesday, vowing not to eat or leave until the jurisdiction declares itself a sanctuary for undocumented immigrants.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>About a dozen people, coordinated by the Sonoma County Sanctuary Coalition, a group of local faith-based and immigrants’ rights organizers, plan to hunger strike outside of the county’s Board of Supervisors’ chamber until the county agrees to pass a resolution protecting immigrants from federal Immigration and Customs Enforcement.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“With the large immigrant community that [Sonoma County] has — immigrant workers who sustain the wine industry and the hospitality and tourism industries — it really is a slap in the face that the Board of Supervisors has not yet passed this law,” said Renee Saucedo, a community organizer with environmental group Raizes Collective and one of the strikers.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“We’re going to camp all day, every day, and we’re not going to give up until Sonoma County minimally passes a sanctuary ordinance so that people can feel safe that local law enforcement will not report them to ICE,” she continued.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Saucedo said that activists have urged the county to pass a sanctuary policy for years, but that the need has become increasingly pressing in recent months as ICE enforcement has escalated throughout California and after the agency received a federal budget boost.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_12050969\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 2000px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-full wp-image-12050969\" src=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2025/08/250805-SONOMA-HUNGER-STRIKE-BL-05-KQED.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"2000\" height=\"1333\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2025/08/250805-SONOMA-HUNGER-STRIKE-BL-05-KQED.jpg 2000w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2025/08/250805-SONOMA-HUNGER-STRIKE-BL-05-KQED-160x107.jpg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2025/08/250805-SONOMA-HUNGER-STRIKE-BL-05-KQED-1536x1024.jpg 1536w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 2000px) 100vw, 2000px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Miguel Trujillo listens to speakers alongside leaders, immigrant rights groups and allies outside of the Sonoma County Board of Supervisors offices in Santa Rosa on Aug. 5, 2025, during a rally to launch an indefinite hunger strike urging the county to adopt a sanctuary law. \u003ccite>(Beth LaBerge/KQED)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>She said the Sanctuary Coalition, which formed after President Trump’s election in November, is worried that Sonoma could begin to see more widespread raids like those occurring at farms, hardware stores and gas stations in \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/news/12043885/increased-ice-raids-send-shock-waves-through-farm-worker-community\">Southern California\u003c/a>, and more recently, \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/news/12048690/no-sanctuary-anywhere-border-patrol-raids-strike-heart-of-california-capitol\">Sacramento\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Sonoma County is one of four Bay Area counties that does not have a local ordinance declaring itself a sanctuary for undocumented people, but in January, supervisors did pass a resolution pledging to protect immigrants’ civil rights.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Sonoma County Supervisor Lynda Hopkins said the resolution — which is less forceful than an ordinance — directed county departments to safeguard immigrants’ sensitive information and ensure they can continue to access services. The resolution also calls for the county to comply with a \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/news/12016037/california-is-a-sanctuary-state-how-much-protection-will-that-give-immigrants-from-trumps-deportation-plans\">trio of California sanctuary laws\u003c/a> that limit how local law enforcement agencies interact with ICE.\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>Hopkins, who chairs the board, said she and Vice Chair Rebecca Hermosillo met with the Sanctuary Coalition earlier this summer, and have another discussion set for later this month. Hopkins said she respects their pledge to strike, and believes the activists and county largely have the same priorities for protecting immigrants.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In her opinion, however, a sanctuary ordinance would do little to expand actual protections for undocumented people, while peddling false hope.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“We, at this point, can’t actually create a sanctuary county,” Hopkins said. “Even if we called ourselves a sanctuary county, ICE is still able to come in here and, honestly, take folks anytime, anywhere. That’s a really alarming reality that we’re facing.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>She also reiterated a fear expressed by \u003ca href=\"https://www.pressdemocrat.com/article/napa/immigration-napa-ice-state-california/\">Napa police\u003c/a> officials in January when discussing why they had not passed local sanctuary laws: that doing so could draw scrutiny from the federal government.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“It might actually put a target on the backs of our immigrant community and lead to increased ICE action and ICE presence in our community,” Hopkins said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_12050967\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 2000px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-full wp-image-12050967\" src=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2025/08/250805-SONOMA-HUNGER-STRIKE-BL-03-KQED.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"2000\" height=\"1333\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2025/08/250805-SONOMA-HUNGER-STRIKE-BL-03-KQED.jpg 2000w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2025/08/250805-SONOMA-HUNGER-STRIKE-BL-03-KQED-160x107.jpg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2025/08/250805-SONOMA-HUNGER-STRIKE-BL-03-KQED-1536x1024.jpg 1536w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 2000px) 100vw, 2000px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Faith leaders, immigrant rights groups and allies gather outside of the Sonoma County Board of Supervisors offices in Santa Rosa on Aug. 5, 2025, during a rally to launch an indefinite hunger strike urging the county to adopt a sanctuary law. \u003ccite>(Beth LaBerge/KQED)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Along with Napa and Sonoma, Contra Costa and Marin counties also lack express sanctuary laws. Contra Costa County has said it follows state law and supports immigrants in the East Bay county.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In Marin County, a tense, hourslong debate at a Board of Supervisors meeting in 2020 \u003ca href=\"https://web.archive.org/web/20220527210637/https://www.marinij.com/2020/09/16/marin-supervisors-reject-call-for-sanctuary-county/\">ended without a sanctuary ordinance\u003c/a>. The supervisors at the time passed a resolution calling on the Sheriff’s Office to greatly reduce its correspondence with ICE, but stopped short of declaring a sanctuary county, citing disagreements with the sheriff over what he should report.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Unlike cities, whose councils directly oversee their police chiefs, county officials do not have authority over sheriff’s offices beyond approving their budgets.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Then-Marin County Sheriff Robert Doyle defended sharing information — like when some incarcerated people will be released — with ICE, according to reporting from the \u003cem>Marin Independent Journal\u003c/em> at the time. Supervisors passed a resolution urging Doyle to limit publicly posting release dates, limit reporting released to ICE to only undocumented people with serious or violent felony convictions, and notify ICE if someone facing pending charges for a serious crime is undocumented, only if a judge determines there is probable cause at a preliminary hearing.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_12050966\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 2000px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-full wp-image-12050966\" src=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2025/08/250805-SONOMA-HUNGER-STRIKE-BL-02-KQED.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"2000\" height=\"1333\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2025/08/250805-SONOMA-HUNGER-STRIKE-BL-02-KQED.jpg 2000w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2025/08/250805-SONOMA-HUNGER-STRIKE-BL-02-KQED-160x107.jpg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2025/08/250805-SONOMA-HUNGER-STRIKE-BL-02-KQED-1536x1024.jpg 1536w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 2000px) 100vw, 2000px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Gabriela Hernandez, from Almas Libres, leads a cleansing for hunger strikers during a rally to launch an indefinite hunger strike urging the county to adopt a sanctuary law outside of the Sonoma County Board of Supervisors offices in Santa Rosa on Aug. 5, 2025. \u003ccite>(Beth LaBerge/KQED)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>While Saucedo said she believes Sonoma’s sheriff is complying with ICE, Hopkins believes California law already prevents the Sonoma County Sheriff’s Office from sharing personal information, like immigration status, with ICE unless it is subpoenaed.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>She said the Sheriff’s Office doesn’t ask people their immigration status, and if ICE were to subpoena their data collection system, the records would not include that information.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“He’s actually going above and beyond [California law] in terms of noncooperation with ICE or non-notification based on ICE requests,” Hopkins told KQED.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Sheriff’s Office spokesperson Juan Valencia told KQED that the department doesn’t proactively contact ICE, and only responds to its information requests when it seeks public intel or is legally required to.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The department will only hold a person being released for immigration officials if they receive a warrant.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_12050968\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 2000px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-full wp-image-12050968\" src=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2025/08/250805-SONOMA-HUNGER-STRIKE-BL-04-KQED.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"2000\" height=\"1333\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2025/08/250805-SONOMA-HUNGER-STRIKE-BL-04-KQED.jpg 2000w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2025/08/250805-SONOMA-HUNGER-STRIKE-BL-04-KQED-160x107.jpg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2025/08/250805-SONOMA-HUNGER-STRIKE-BL-04-KQED-1536x1024.jpg 1536w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 2000px) 100vw, 2000px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Faith leaders, immigrant rights groups and allies gather outside of the Sonoma County Board of Supervisors offices in Santa Rosa on Aug. 5, 2025, during a rally to launch an indefinite hunger strike urging the county to adopt a sanctuary law. \u003ccite>(Beth LaBerge/KQED)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>“We don’t actually do any enforcement at all of immigration, that’s not our job,” Valencia said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Even with the state law, Saucedo said several other Bay Area counties, including San Francisco, San Mateo, Santa Clara and Alameda, have passed local ordinances expanding sanctuary protections.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>She also pointed out that Humboldt County in Northern California — “which,” she said, “is not considered to be the bastion of radical politics” — has one of the state’s strongest laws against ICE.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“It really is unforgivable,” she told KQED, that Sonoma has not followed suit.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>She and a group of 10 to 15 strikers began their action on Tuesday at 9 a.m., pitching tents and holding a ceremonial opening with dozens more activists and faith leaders. Throughout the week, Saucedo said people plan to join the core group of strikers for a day of fasting or support, but only a small group will remain camped outside the county office.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“We’re holding this hunger strike to convey the message to the Board of Supervisors and to the community at large that we won’t stop until our law passes, and immigrant communities are safer,” Saucedo said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>KQED’s \u003c/em>\u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/author/carlysevern\">\u003cem>Carly Severn\u003c/em>\u003c/a>\u003cem> contributed to this report.\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cp>He hadn’t moved anything in the house. Their bed was still unmade — it had been like that for days, he said, since the last night they slept in it. Her shoes, tossed near the front door. On the small dining table were further scattered bits of her presence: the leaves of her morning mate, a stack of her unopened letters.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In the kitchen, their dishes still sat untouched in the sink. He said he couldn’t bring himself to wash the ones they had used to eat breakfast before they left the house that last morning.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“We didn’t know this was the last time she was going to come back,” he told \u003cem>El Tecolote\u003c/em>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>For the past weeks, Roberto has been sleeping on a friend’s couch, too distraught to spend the night alone in his house.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>This July, Roberto’s wife Sandra was arrested by Immigration and Customs Enforcement during a routine check-in appointment at the agency’s San Francisco field office. Since then, she has been held in a detention center, waiting for updates on her pending asylum case.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>For years, ICE has allowed many immigrants with pending cases, like Sandra, to remain in their communities and work while they go through immigration proceedings. As an alternative to detention, those individuals must comply with several ICE supervision guidelines, including attending regular check-in appointments at ICE’s field offices.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_12050656\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 2000px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-full wp-image-12050656\" src=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2025/08/07112025-ICECOUPLEDEPORTED-ET-PU-02-KQED.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"2000\" height=\"1331\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2025/08/07112025-ICECOUPLEDEPORTED-ET-PU-02-KQED.jpg 2000w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2025/08/07112025-ICECOUPLEDEPORTED-ET-PU-02-KQED-160x106.jpg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2025/08/07112025-ICECOUPLEDEPORTED-ET-PU-02-KQED-1536x1022.jpg 1536w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 2000px) 100vw, 2000px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Sandra’s closet remains full in the home she shares with her husband, Roberto, after she was detained during a check-in with immigration authorities in San Francisco, California, on July 11, 2025. \u003ccite>(Pablo Unzueta for El Tecolote for CatchLight Local)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>But since the Trump administration raised ICE’s daily arrest quotas in late May, arrests at routine check-ins have \u003ca href=\"https://eltecolote.org/content/en/sf-ice-detentions-checkin-court-arrests/\">surged\u003c/a>, sparking protests in San Francisco and beyond. Immigration advocates warn that the trend, coupled with \u003ca href=\"https://www.nytimes.com/2025/06/28/us/immigrant-detention-conditions.html\">harsh detention conditions\u003c/a>, could pressure some asylum seekers to abandon viable claims.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Legal aid groups say dozens have been detained in recent weeks, with an estimated\u003ca href=\"https://missionlocal.org/2025/07/qa-meet-the-attorney-at-the-center-of-s-f-s-response-to-ice/\"> five to 15 arrests\u003c/a> daily at ICE’s San Francisco office, though shifting policies make the agency’s actions hard to predict.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Roberto said that the day Sandra was detained, ICE agents told him she could wait for updates on her case from inside a detention center, just as she had while living with him. Yet her process has already been ongoing for years. Sandra is still waiting for her first court date, according to ICE and immigration court records. With the backlog mounting, there is no telling when her case might move forward.[aside postID=news_12049817 hero='https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2023/08/230817-PETALUMA-VINEYARD-FARMWORKERS-AP-ER-KQED-1020x680.jpg']“For them, it’s very normal. But the result is a home destroyed,” Roberto said. “I’m really depressed. I haven’t eaten in days. I’m not hungry, I don’t want to eat anything.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“She’s my family,” he added. “She’s my home.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp style=\"text-align: center;\">…\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Roberto met Sandra on Facebook in 2017, when they were still living on different continents. He was in San Francisco, working as a social worker and awaiting a decision on his own immigration case, when her profile popped up under the platform’s “People you might know” tab. Curious, he sent her a friendship request, and they began chatting, quickly discovering they had a world of commonalities.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>She lived in the same small town that his parents had grown up in and that he had visited in his childhood. Her house was just three blocks away from his grandmother’s. She had spent 10 years living in the South American country where Roberto had been born and raised. Though they’d unknowingly walked the same streets, they had never crossed paths.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>They dated online for a few months, but after a while, the relationship fizzled out. Still, they stayed in touch: liking each other’s pictures and celebrating each other’s birthdays. In 2021, Roberto asked a friend traveling to Sandra’s town to buy and bring her candies. Their relationship rekindled.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_12050659\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 2000px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-full wp-image-12050659\" src=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2025/08/07112025-ICECOUPLEDEPORTED-ET-PU-08-KQED.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"2000\" height=\"1331\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2025/08/07112025-ICECOUPLEDEPORTED-ET-PU-08-KQED.jpg 2000w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2025/08/07112025-ICECOUPLEDEPORTED-ET-PU-08-KQED-160x106.jpg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2025/08/07112025-ICECOUPLEDEPORTED-ET-PU-08-KQED-1536x1022.jpg 1536w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 2000px) 100vw, 2000px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Roberto shows a photograph on his phone of a heart shape made with his and Sandra’s hands. Sandra was arrested and detained by immigration authorities during a check-in at the U.S. Immigration and Customs Enforcement office in San Francisco on July 11, 2025. \u003ccite>(Pablo Unzueta for El Tecolote for CatchLight Local)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>A year later, Sandra embarked on a months-long journey to meet him. She took several planes, crossed Central America on foot with some relatives, and got lost for 10 days in the Darien Gap, a dangerous stretch of rainforest between Colombia and Panama known as a major route for migrants. “She almost died,” Roberto said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>When she eventually made it out of the jungle, she reunited with the relatives she had been walking with. Together, they made their way to the U.S.-Mexico border, where she turned herself in to border officials.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>After two months in detention, she was released to her uncle’s house in another U.S. state, and Roberto flew to see her for the first time.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“It was a magical moment,” he said. “I had been waiting for a long time to meet her.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Over the next three years, the couple started building a life together in San Francisco as they waited for updates on their immigration cases. Sandra started taking English classes at City College. They traveled across the U.S., visiting landmarks and meeting each other’s families. They slowly covered their fridge with magnets of the places they visited: New York City, Las Vegas, and Arizona. They put up souvenirs that their new friends had brought them from their trips around the world. Early this year, they celebrated their wedding.[aside postID=news_12047506 hero='https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2025/07/250609-SEIUProtests-07-BL_qed.jpg']“We’re not just married,” Roberto said. “We go to the gym together, we’re together throughout the day and through the night. And we don’t get bored of each other.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Sandra, he said, is someone “everyone loves.” She buys clothes to donate to homeless shelters. She cooks for her friends and Roberto’s coworkers, and always returns from her trips with gifts for them. She calls her parents regularly and is very close to his family.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>This summer, Roberto said, “Many things started happening at once.” After almost a decade of waiting, Roberto secured legal status. In late June, they took a trip so Sandra could reunite with her two brothers. Soon after, he received a promotion at work. The couple was elated.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>They were already planning their next trip to Washington D.C., and once Sandra obtained legal status, to visit the rest of the world, starting with Denmark and the Dominican Republic.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“We were looking to start a family,” he said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But the morning after they learned of Roberto’s promotion, their lives took a turn when ICE arrested Sandra.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp style=\"text-align: center;\">…\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Roberto can’t stop lamenting that day. That morning, as they waited for her appointment, she was “more affectionate than normal,” taking a selfie with Roberto and giving him small kisses.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>She asked him to give her a hug, he said, and he told her she was being dramatic.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_12050657\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 2000px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-full wp-image-12050657\" src=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2025/08/07112025-ICECOUPLEDEPORTED-ET-PU-04-KQED.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"2000\" height=\"1331\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2025/08/07112025-ICECOUPLEDEPORTED-ET-PU-04-KQED.jpg 2000w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2025/08/07112025-ICECOUPLEDEPORTED-ET-PU-04-KQED-160x106.jpg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2025/08/07112025-ICECOUPLEDEPORTED-ET-PU-04-KQED-1536x1022.jpg 1536w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 2000px) 100vw, 2000px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Sandra’s teddy bear remains untouched on the couple’s bed after she was arrested and detained by immigration authorities during a check-in at ICE’s San Francisco office on July 11, 2025. \u003ccite>(Pablo Unzueta for El Tecolote for CatchLight Local)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>As 9 a.m. approached, Roberto told Sandra he had to leave for work. She didn’t want to be left alone and asked him to call in sick. But he was scheduled to start in 30 minutes, and decided to go in for the first part of the work day.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“My love,” he said he told her, “I’ll come back.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But by the time he was clocking in, his phone rang. The call, he said, came from an unidentified number. When he picked up, he heard Sandra’s voice. She had been arrested, she told him, and would soon be moved to a detention center. Roberto rushed out of work and began calling legal aid groups. It was already too late.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“It’s like she could feel like something was going to happen,” Roberto said. “And I was so stupid … I think that if I had been with her, maybe they wouldn’t have taken her. I don’t know.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>ICE transferred Sandra to a detention center where she remains, according to \u003ca href=\"https://locator.ice.gov/odls/\">the agency’s detainee locator\u003c/a>. And Roberto was left outside, facing new beginnings, but separated from the person he most wanted to share them with.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_12050660\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 2000px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-full wp-image-12050660\" src=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2025/08/07112025-ICECOUPLEDEPORTED-ET-PU-12-KQED.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"2000\" height=\"1331\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2025/08/07112025-ICECOUPLEDEPORTED-ET-PU-12-KQED.jpg 2000w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2025/08/07112025-ICECOUPLEDEPORTED-ET-PU-12-KQED-160x106.jpg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2025/08/07112025-ICECOUPLEDEPORTED-ET-PU-12-KQED-1536x1022.jpg 1536w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 2000px) 100vw, 2000px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Roberto stands in the kitchen of the apartment he shares with his wife, Sandra. The space remains untouched after Sandra was arrested and detained by immigration authorities during a check-in at the U.S. Immigration and Customs Enforcement office in San Francisco on July 11, 2025. \u003ccite>(Pablo Unzueta for El Tecolote for CatchLight Local)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>“How can I stay focused?” he said. “I’ve gone to church a lot to beg God. I’ve gone to the beach because that’s where you feel the presence. And I’ve cried. I’ve cried so much. I won’t be at peace until we’re together again.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Now, Roberto and Sandra call every day. He sends her money so she can rent a tablet from the facility and pay for video calls with him and her lawyer. Roberto said agents at the facility told Sandra that her case would take time to be resolved, making her feel hopeless.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“She doesn’t want to be there for a long time,” Roberto said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Despite urging Sandra not to sign any documents, Roberto said lawyers and nonprofits haven’t given them much hope either.[aside postID=news_12050470 hero='https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2025/07/250731-DEPORTBILL-JG-2_qed.jpg']Some told him Sandra might be deported to her home country. Others said that she might be able to get out of detention, but that it will take time. Some said it might be easier for her to decide to leave on her own, and for Roberto to bring her back, a path that could take years. One supposed attorney claimed he could get Sandra out in a year for $25,000 up front — an offer many nonprofits warn immigrants to be wary of. Roberto walked out. Sandra’s attorney, meanwhile, continues to fight for her pending asylum application, which allows her to remain in the U.S.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>ICE has also made it harder for many detained immigrants to be released, said Alex Mensing of the California Collaborative for Immigrant Justice (CCIJ). A new July policy made millions \u003ca href=\"https://abcnews.go.com/US/millions-undocumented-immigrants-longer-eligible-bond-hearings-ice/story?id=123761973\">ineligible for bond hearings\u003c/a>, and release decisions now often rely on ICE’s discretion, making outcomes “arbitrary and very political.” The current landscape could further complicate Roberto and Sandra’s desire to reunite.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“All I want is to have her with me,” Roberto said. “That’s all I want. I want my wife to be with me again, but it doesn’t seem like it will be possible.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Roberto has considered visiting the detention center so he can see Sandra in person, but lawyers and family have warned him not to, fearing that, without citizenship, he might be at risk of detention as well.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Inside his house, he said, it’s impossible not to remember her. On a cabinet near the kitchen table are three framed photographs: the two of them bundled up in Lake Tahoe, Roberto kissing Sandra’s cheek at the edge of the Grand Canyon, and a portrait of Sandra’s parents, smiling. Her favorite snacks are still stocked in the drawers. Her makeup is still in the bathroom. Her gym bag sits by the door.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Roberto said he can’t bring himself to touch anything Sandra left behind.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“She’s my best friend,” he said. “And I don’t know when I’m going to be with her again. I don’t know why they’re doing this.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Editor’s note:\u003c/strong> \u003ca href=\"https://eltecolote.org/content/en/ice-check-in-sf-separated/\">\u003cem>El Tecolote originally published this article\u003c/em>\u003c/a>\u003cem>. The couple’s names and countries of origin have been changed or withheld at their request, due to fear of retaliation. Key details were verified via ICE and immigration court records, documentation reviewed during a home visit and confirmation from legal advocates.\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad floatright]\u003c/p>\n",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>He hadn’t moved anything in the house. Their bed was still unmade — it had been like that for days, he said, since the last night they slept in it. Her shoes, tossed near the front door. On the small dining table were further scattered bits of her presence: the leaves of her morning mate, a stack of her unopened letters.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In the kitchen, their dishes still sat untouched in the sink. He said he couldn’t bring himself to wash the ones they had used to eat breakfast before they left the house that last morning.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“We didn’t know this was the last time she was going to come back,” he told \u003cem>El Tecolote\u003c/em>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>For the past weeks, Roberto has been sleeping on a friend’s couch, too distraught to spend the night alone in his house.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>This July, Roberto’s wife Sandra was arrested by Immigration and Customs Enforcement during a routine check-in appointment at the agency’s San Francisco field office. Since then, she has been held in a detention center, waiting for updates on her pending asylum case.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>For years, ICE has allowed many immigrants with pending cases, like Sandra, to remain in their communities and work while they go through immigration proceedings. As an alternative to detention, those individuals must comply with several ICE supervision guidelines, including attending regular check-in appointments at ICE’s field offices.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_12050656\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 2000px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-full wp-image-12050656\" src=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2025/08/07112025-ICECOUPLEDEPORTED-ET-PU-02-KQED.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"2000\" height=\"1331\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2025/08/07112025-ICECOUPLEDEPORTED-ET-PU-02-KQED.jpg 2000w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2025/08/07112025-ICECOUPLEDEPORTED-ET-PU-02-KQED-160x106.jpg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2025/08/07112025-ICECOUPLEDEPORTED-ET-PU-02-KQED-1536x1022.jpg 1536w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 2000px) 100vw, 2000px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Sandra’s closet remains full in the home she shares with her husband, Roberto, after she was detained during a check-in with immigration authorities in San Francisco, California, on July 11, 2025. \u003ccite>(Pablo Unzueta for El Tecolote for CatchLight Local)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>But since the Trump administration raised ICE’s daily arrest quotas in late May, arrests at routine check-ins have \u003ca href=\"https://eltecolote.org/content/en/sf-ice-detentions-checkin-court-arrests/\">surged\u003c/a>, sparking protests in San Francisco and beyond. Immigration advocates warn that the trend, coupled with \u003ca href=\"https://www.nytimes.com/2025/06/28/us/immigrant-detention-conditions.html\">harsh detention conditions\u003c/a>, could pressure some asylum seekers to abandon viable claims.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Legal aid groups say dozens have been detained in recent weeks, with an estimated\u003ca href=\"https://missionlocal.org/2025/07/qa-meet-the-attorney-at-the-center-of-s-f-s-response-to-ice/\"> five to 15 arrests\u003c/a> daily at ICE’s San Francisco office, though shifting policies make the agency’s actions hard to predict.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Roberto said that the day Sandra was detained, ICE agents told him she could wait for updates on her case from inside a detention center, just as she had while living with him. Yet her process has already been ongoing for years. Sandra is still waiting for her first court date, according to ICE and immigration court records. With the backlog mounting, there is no telling when her case might move forward.\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>“For them, it’s very normal. But the result is a home destroyed,” Roberto said. “I’m really depressed. I haven’t eaten in days. I’m not hungry, I don’t want to eat anything.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“She’s my family,” he added. “She’s my home.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp style=\"text-align: center;\">…\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Roberto met Sandra on Facebook in 2017, when they were still living on different continents. He was in San Francisco, working as a social worker and awaiting a decision on his own immigration case, when her profile popped up under the platform’s “People you might know” tab. Curious, he sent her a friendship request, and they began chatting, quickly discovering they had a world of commonalities.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>She lived in the same small town that his parents had grown up in and that he had visited in his childhood. Her house was just three blocks away from his grandmother’s. She had spent 10 years living in the South American country where Roberto had been born and raised. Though they’d unknowingly walked the same streets, they had never crossed paths.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>They dated online for a few months, but after a while, the relationship fizzled out. Still, they stayed in touch: liking each other’s pictures and celebrating each other’s birthdays. In 2021, Roberto asked a friend traveling to Sandra’s town to buy and bring her candies. Their relationship rekindled.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_12050659\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 2000px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-full wp-image-12050659\" src=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2025/08/07112025-ICECOUPLEDEPORTED-ET-PU-08-KQED.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"2000\" height=\"1331\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2025/08/07112025-ICECOUPLEDEPORTED-ET-PU-08-KQED.jpg 2000w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2025/08/07112025-ICECOUPLEDEPORTED-ET-PU-08-KQED-160x106.jpg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2025/08/07112025-ICECOUPLEDEPORTED-ET-PU-08-KQED-1536x1022.jpg 1536w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 2000px) 100vw, 2000px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Roberto shows a photograph on his phone of a heart shape made with his and Sandra’s hands. Sandra was arrested and detained by immigration authorities during a check-in at the U.S. Immigration and Customs Enforcement office in San Francisco on July 11, 2025. \u003ccite>(Pablo Unzueta for El Tecolote for CatchLight Local)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>A year later, Sandra embarked on a months-long journey to meet him. She took several planes, crossed Central America on foot with some relatives, and got lost for 10 days in the Darien Gap, a dangerous stretch of rainforest between Colombia and Panama known as a major route for migrants. “She almost died,” Roberto said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>When she eventually made it out of the jungle, she reunited with the relatives she had been walking with. Together, they made their way to the U.S.-Mexico border, where she turned herself in to border officials.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>After two months in detention, she was released to her uncle’s house in another U.S. state, and Roberto flew to see her for the first time.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“It was a magical moment,” he said. “I had been waiting for a long time to meet her.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Over the next three years, the couple started building a life together in San Francisco as they waited for updates on their immigration cases. Sandra started taking English classes at City College. They traveled across the U.S., visiting landmarks and meeting each other’s families. They slowly covered their fridge with magnets of the places they visited: New York City, Las Vegas, and Arizona. They put up souvenirs that their new friends had brought them from their trips around the world. Early this year, they celebrated their wedding.\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>“We’re not just married,” Roberto said. “We go to the gym together, we’re together throughout the day and through the night. And we don’t get bored of each other.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Sandra, he said, is someone “everyone loves.” She buys clothes to donate to homeless shelters. She cooks for her friends and Roberto’s coworkers, and always returns from her trips with gifts for them. She calls her parents regularly and is very close to his family.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>This summer, Roberto said, “Many things started happening at once.” After almost a decade of waiting, Roberto secured legal status. In late June, they took a trip so Sandra could reunite with her two brothers. Soon after, he received a promotion at work. The couple was elated.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>They were already planning their next trip to Washington D.C., and once Sandra obtained legal status, to visit the rest of the world, starting with Denmark and the Dominican Republic.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“We were looking to start a family,” he said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But the morning after they learned of Roberto’s promotion, their lives took a turn when ICE arrested Sandra.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp style=\"text-align: center;\">…\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Roberto can’t stop lamenting that day. That morning, as they waited for her appointment, she was “more affectionate than normal,” taking a selfie with Roberto and giving him small kisses.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>She asked him to give her a hug, he said, and he told her she was being dramatic.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_12050657\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 2000px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-full wp-image-12050657\" src=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2025/08/07112025-ICECOUPLEDEPORTED-ET-PU-04-KQED.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"2000\" height=\"1331\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2025/08/07112025-ICECOUPLEDEPORTED-ET-PU-04-KQED.jpg 2000w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2025/08/07112025-ICECOUPLEDEPORTED-ET-PU-04-KQED-160x106.jpg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2025/08/07112025-ICECOUPLEDEPORTED-ET-PU-04-KQED-1536x1022.jpg 1536w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 2000px) 100vw, 2000px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Sandra’s teddy bear remains untouched on the couple’s bed after she was arrested and detained by immigration authorities during a check-in at ICE’s San Francisco office on July 11, 2025. \u003ccite>(Pablo Unzueta for El Tecolote for CatchLight Local)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>As 9 a.m. approached, Roberto told Sandra he had to leave for work. She didn’t want to be left alone and asked him to call in sick. But he was scheduled to start in 30 minutes, and decided to go in for the first part of the work day.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“My love,” he said he told her, “I’ll come back.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But by the time he was clocking in, his phone rang. The call, he said, came from an unidentified number. When he picked up, he heard Sandra’s voice. She had been arrested, she told him, and would soon be moved to a detention center. Roberto rushed out of work and began calling legal aid groups. It was already too late.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“It’s like she could feel like something was going to happen,” Roberto said. “And I was so stupid … I think that if I had been with her, maybe they wouldn’t have taken her. I don’t know.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>ICE transferred Sandra to a detention center where she remains, according to \u003ca href=\"https://locator.ice.gov/odls/\">the agency’s detainee locator\u003c/a>. And Roberto was left outside, facing new beginnings, but separated from the person he most wanted to share them with.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_12050660\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 2000px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-full wp-image-12050660\" src=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2025/08/07112025-ICECOUPLEDEPORTED-ET-PU-12-KQED.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"2000\" height=\"1331\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2025/08/07112025-ICECOUPLEDEPORTED-ET-PU-12-KQED.jpg 2000w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2025/08/07112025-ICECOUPLEDEPORTED-ET-PU-12-KQED-160x106.jpg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2025/08/07112025-ICECOUPLEDEPORTED-ET-PU-12-KQED-1536x1022.jpg 1536w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 2000px) 100vw, 2000px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Roberto stands in the kitchen of the apartment he shares with his wife, Sandra. The space remains untouched after Sandra was arrested and detained by immigration authorities during a check-in at the U.S. Immigration and Customs Enforcement office in San Francisco on July 11, 2025. \u003ccite>(Pablo Unzueta for El Tecolote for CatchLight Local)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>“How can I stay focused?” he said. “I’ve gone to church a lot to beg God. I’ve gone to the beach because that’s where you feel the presence. And I’ve cried. I’ve cried so much. I won’t be at peace until we’re together again.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Now, Roberto and Sandra call every day. He sends her money so she can rent a tablet from the facility and pay for video calls with him and her lawyer. Roberto said agents at the facility told Sandra that her case would take time to be resolved, making her feel hopeless.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“She doesn’t want to be there for a long time,” Roberto said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Despite urging Sandra not to sign any documents, Roberto said lawyers and nonprofits haven’t given them much hope either.\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>Some told him Sandra might be deported to her home country. Others said that she might be able to get out of detention, but that it will take time. Some said it might be easier for her to decide to leave on her own, and for Roberto to bring her back, a path that could take years. One supposed attorney claimed he could get Sandra out in a year for $25,000 up front — an offer many nonprofits warn immigrants to be wary of. Roberto walked out. Sandra’s attorney, meanwhile, continues to fight for her pending asylum application, which allows her to remain in the U.S.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>ICE has also made it harder for many detained immigrants to be released, said Alex Mensing of the California Collaborative for Immigrant Justice (CCIJ). A new July policy made millions \u003ca href=\"https://abcnews.go.com/US/millions-undocumented-immigrants-longer-eligible-bond-hearings-ice/story?id=123761973\">ineligible for bond hearings\u003c/a>, and release decisions now often rely on ICE’s discretion, making outcomes “arbitrary and very political.” The current landscape could further complicate Roberto and Sandra’s desire to reunite.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“All I want is to have her with me,” Roberto said. “That’s all I want. I want my wife to be with me again, but it doesn’t seem like it will be possible.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Roberto has considered visiting the detention center so he can see Sandra in person, but lawyers and family have warned him not to, fearing that, without citizenship, he might be at risk of detention as well.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Inside his house, he said, it’s impossible not to remember her. On a cabinet near the kitchen table are three framed photographs: the two of them bundled up in Lake Tahoe, Roberto kissing Sandra’s cheek at the edge of the Grand Canyon, and a portrait of Sandra’s parents, smiling. Her favorite snacks are still stocked in the drawers. Her makeup is still in the bathroom. Her gym bag sits by the door.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Roberto said he can’t bring himself to touch anything Sandra left behind.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“She’s my best friend,” he said. “And I don’t know when I’m going to be with her again. I don’t know why they’re doing this.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Editor’s note:\u003c/strong> \u003ca href=\"https://eltecolote.org/content/en/ice-check-in-sf-separated/\">\u003cem>El Tecolote originally published this article\u003c/em>\u003c/a>\u003cem>. The couple’s names and countries of origin have been changed or withheld at their request, due to fear of retaliation. Key details were verified via ICE and immigration court records, documentation reviewed during a home visit and confirmation from legal advocates.\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"slug": "thousands-of-once-secret-police-records-are-now-public-heres-how-you-can-use-them",
"title": "Thousands of Once-Secret Police Records Are Now Public. Here’s How You Can Use Them",
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"headTitle": "Thousands of Once-Secret Police Records Are Now Public. Here’s How You Can Use Them | KQED",
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"content": "\u003cp>\u003cem>Updated 10:20 a.m. Monday\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Today, for the first time, you can look up serious use of force and police misconduct incidents in \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/news/tag/california\">California\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>KQED, along with journalism and police accountability advocates, is publishing a database that houses thousands of once-confidential records gathered from the state’s nearly 700 law enforcement and oversight agencies.\u003c/p>\n\u003cul>\n\u003cli>\u003cstrong>Jump straight to: \u003ca href=\"#Howtousethepolicerecordsdatabaseyourself\">How to use the police records database yourself\u003c/a>\u003c/strong>\u003c/li>\n\u003c/ul>\n\u003cp>The free \u003ca href=\"http://policerecords.kqed.org/\">database\u003c/a>, which has been in the works for seven years and contains files for almost 12,000 cases, promises to give anyone — including attorneys, victims of police violence, journalists and law enforcement hiring officials — insight into police shootings and officers’ past behavior.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Cephus Johnson, whose nephew Oscar Grant was fatally shot in the back by a BART police officer in Oakland in the early morning hours of Jan. 1, 2009, knows firsthand just how important this database will be to other families who’ve lost people to police violence.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“ For impacted families, the first question is: ‘What happened?’” he said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>They can now find details of what happened to their loved ones and how the police investigated it — or what they overlooked — without having to deal with the often frustrating process of trying to obtain the records themselves.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Getting those answers, Johnson said, “is the beginning of part of the healing process.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>Click \u003ca href=\"https://policerecords.kqed.org/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">here\u003c/a> to search the database.\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_12050667\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 1002px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"wp-image-12050667 size-full\" src=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2025/08/image-7.png\" alt=\"\" width=\"1002\" height=\"404\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2025/08/image-7.png 1002w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2025/08/image-7-160x65.png 160w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 1002px) 100vw, 1002px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">A screenshot of the Police Records Access Project database.\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003ch2>Shedding light on secret records\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>For decades, misconduct and use-of-force records for California law enforcement officers were among the most difficult to obtain. That began to change in 2018 with the passage of \u003ca href=\"https://projects.scpr.org/california-reporting-project/\">Senate Bill 1421, the “Right to Know” Act\u003c/a>, which came about with the help of Johnson and other police accountability advocates.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The law unsealed records for incidents in which officers fired a gun or used force resulting in serious injury or death, and for officers who were found to have been dishonest or committed sexual assault. In 2021, the passage of \u003ca href=\"https://leginfo.legislature.ca.gov/faces/billTextClient.xhtml?bill_id=202120220SB16\">another bill\u003c/a> expanded the law to include cases of officer discrimination, excessive force and wrongful arrests or searches.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11854857\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 1920px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-full wp-image-11854857\" src=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2021/01/Oscar-Grant-Mural.jpg\" alt=\"Oscar Grant mural\" width=\"1920\" height=\"1394\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2021/01/Oscar-Grant-Mural.jpg 1920w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2021/01/Oscar-Grant-Mural-800x581.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2021/01/Oscar-Grant-Mural-1020x741.jpg 1020w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2021/01/Oscar-Grant-Mural-160x116.jpg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2021/01/Oscar-Grant-Mural-1536x1115.jpg 1536w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 1920px) 100vw, 1920px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">A mural of Oscar Grant outside BART’s Fruitvale Station, where a now-former BART police officer fatally shot Grant as he lay face-down on the platform on Jan. 1, 2009. \u003ccite>(Sonja Hutson/KQED)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>But the new laws were just the beginning of the fight to pry open the black box of police accountability — which continues today. Agencies often slow-walk or refuse to provide records, \u003ca href=\"https://www.latimes.com/local/lanow/la-me-police-records-california-20190630-story.html\">and have even destroyed them\u003c/a>. KQED and other outlets have sued multiple agencies, including the state attorney general, in order to force compliance.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Faced with these obstacles — and the difficulty of navigating California’s disparate law enforcement agencies, including 58 sheriff’s departments, hundreds of police departments, transit authorities and the California Department of Corrections and Rehabilitation — KQED co-founded \u003ca href=\"https://projects.scpr.org/california-reporting-project/\">The California Reporting Project,\u003c/a> a collaborative of more than 30 news outlets which is now led by \u003ca href=\"https://cjlab.stanford.edu/projects/big-local-news/\">Big Local News\u003c/a> at Stanford University, the \u003ca href=\"https://journalism.berkeley.edu/programs/mj/investigative-reporting/\">UC Berkeley Investigative Reporting Program\u003c/a> and the \u003ca href=\"https://bids.berkeley.edu/\">Berkeley Institute of Data Science\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“We knew from the start that this information needed to be available to the public,” KQED Editor-in-Chief Ethan Toven-Lindsey said. “Police misconduct records shouldn’t be locked away in filing cabinets where only a few people can see them.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11639714\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 1920px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-full wp-image-11639714\" src=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2018/01/RS28734_GettyImages-583550860-qut.jpg\" alt=\"(L-R) Cleopatra Pendleton-Cowley, mother of Hadiya Pendleton; Wanda Johnson, mother of Oscar Grant; and Lezley McSpadden, mother of Mike Brown stand on stage prior to delivering remarks on the second day of the Democratic National Convention at the Wells Fargo Center, July 26, 2016 in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania. Johnson says she talks regularly with other mothers who have lost loved ones to police violence.\" width=\"1920\" height=\"1280\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2018/01/RS28734_GettyImages-583550860-qut.jpg 1920w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2018/01/RS28734_GettyImages-583550860-qut-160x107.jpg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2018/01/RS28734_GettyImages-583550860-qut-800x533.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2018/01/RS28734_GettyImages-583550860-qut-1020x680.jpg 1020w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2018/01/RS28734_GettyImages-583550860-qut-1180x787.jpg 1180w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2018/01/RS28734_GettyImages-583550860-qut-960x640.jpg 960w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2018/01/RS28734_GettyImages-583550860-qut-240x160.jpg 240w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2018/01/RS28734_GettyImages-583550860-qut-375x250.jpg 375w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2018/01/RS28734_GettyImages-583550860-qut-520x347.jpg 520w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 1920px) 100vw, 1920px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">(L-R) Cleopatra Pendleton-Cowley, mother of Hadiya Pendleton; Wanda Johnson, mother of Oscar Grant; and Lezley McSpadden, mother of Mike Brown, stand on stage prior to delivering remarks on the second day of the Democratic National Convention at the Wells Fargo Center, July 26, 2016, in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania. Johnson said she talks regularly with other mothers who have lost loved ones to police violence. \u003ccite>(Jessica Kourkounis/Getty Images)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Eventually, The California Reporting Project joined forces with the Police Records Access Project, a transparency coalition which includes the ACLU, the Innocence Project, Stanford and UC Berkeley. In 2023, Gov. Gavin Newsom allocated \u003ca href=\"https://www.universityofcalifornia.edu/news/state-funds-development-first-its-kind-police-misconduct-database#:~:text=The%20funding%20will%20%E2%80%9Ctransform%20that%20effort%20and,launched%20by%20a%20consortium%20that%20includes%20BIDS\">$6.7 million\u003c/a> for the effort.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Jumana Musa, director of the Fourth Amendment Center at the National Association of Criminal Defense Lawyers (NACDL), said her organization joined the collaborative because justice requires transparency.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“This information gets hidden, it gets buried, it is not accessible,” she said. While Musa will use the database to help defend her clients, she said there’s an even more acute need for law enforcement agencies get familiar with the tool: “to ensure that you’re not gonna hire people and give them a weapon and give them a badge when that person has been known to be problematic [or] dangerous.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The California Police Chiefs Association did not respond to KQED’s request for comment.\u003c/p>\n\u003ch2>\u003ca id=\"Howtousethepolicerecordsdatabaseyourself\">\u003c/a>How can I use the database?\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>The nearly 12,000 cases make up about 1.5 million pages at the time of publication — but there are several ways to search and use the database.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Three categories divide the cases: use of force, shootings and misconduct. There is a range of document types, from investigative reports to interview transcripts and incident summaries.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>There is no cost for using the tool, and you won’t be asked to provide any information to search these records.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11987039\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 2000px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-full wp-image-11987039\" src=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/05/200529-GeorgeFloyd-04-BL.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"2000\" height=\"1333\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/05/200529-GeorgeFloyd-04-BL.jpg 2000w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/05/200529-GeorgeFloyd-04-BL-800x533.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/05/200529-GeorgeFloyd-04-BL-1020x680.jpg 1020w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/05/200529-GeorgeFloyd-04-BL-160x107.jpg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/05/200529-GeorgeFloyd-04-BL-1536x1024.jpg 1536w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/05/200529-GeorgeFloyd-04-BL-1920x1280.jpg 1920w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 2000px) 100vw, 2000px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">A demonstrator outside Oakland police headquarters on May 29 2020, carries a sign with the words, “I can’t breathe” spoken by George Floyd, the man murdered on May 25, 2020, by police in Minneapolis. \u003ccite>(Beth LaBerge/KQED)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Lisa Pickoff-White, co-founder and research director of The California Reporting Project, said it’s helpful to take some time to understand the kinds of cases and records in the database before drawing any conclusions.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>You can do keyword searches, filter your search by date or the agency that provided the records — for example, the San Francisco Sheriff’s Office, vs. the San Francisco Police Department.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Pickoff-White suggests starting simply. “Search for things like ‘taser’ or ‘canine.’ Or search for an officer’s name. Then review the records to see if you’ve found cases where they used force or violated policy.” But remember: just because an officer’s name is in the database, it doesn’t necessarily mean they were involved in misconduct or use of force.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The \u003ca href=\"https://policerecords.kqed.org/about\">“About”\u003c/a> page explains the type of records, methodology and the limitations of the database. If you find information in the database that you don’t think should be public, you can also submit a request to remove it.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Keep in mind this database is a living thing and is far from complete — the people maintaining it are adding new records as they receive them.\u003c/p>\n\u003ch2>Who is this database for?\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Victims of police violence and their families\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The records in the database, Cephus Johnson said, can give families like his who have experienced police violence a clearer picture of what took place, and help them “determine how they will get justice for their loved one.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But Johnson advises families to use the tool with a great deal of care because sometimes the records can contain examples of callous police behavior, negligence or descriptions of graphic injuries.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_12050677\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 2560px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"wp-image-12050677 size-full\" src=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2025/08/IMG_1110.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"2560\" height=\"1920\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2025/08/IMG_1110.jpg 2560w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2025/08/IMG_1110-2000x1500.jpg 2000w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2025/08/IMG_1110-160x120.jpg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2025/08/IMG_1110-1536x1152.jpg 1536w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2025/08/IMG_1110-2048x1536.jpg 2048w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 2560px) 100vw, 2560px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">The records in the database can give families who have experienced police violence a clearer picture of what took place, and help them determine how to get justice for their loved one. \u003ccite>(Illustration by Anna Vignet/KQED)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>“On top of the mourning, you’re angry, you got many emotions that you gotta really deal with,” he said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Johnson suggests that certain family members — say, the grieving mother of someone killed by police — might be better served if a relative or friend reviews the records.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“There’s got to be some caretaking,” he said, “because we know sometimes you’re gonna hear things that you just can’t believe these officers would do.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Researchers\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“This kind of data is necessary for even basic forms of independent oversight,” said Tarak Shah, a data scientist who helped manage the Police Records Access Project.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Shah said he’s excited about the database’s potential to contribute to criminal justice research. He’s spoken to researchers interested in how police killings get classified by independent medical examiners vs. coroners, who are under the purview of the local sheriff.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_12050676\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 2560px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"wp-image-12050676 size-full\" src=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2025/08/IMG_1111-scaled.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"2560\" height=\"1440\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2025/08/IMG_1111-scaled.jpg 2560w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2025/08/IMG_1111-2000x1125.jpg 2000w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2025/08/IMG_1111-160x90.jpg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2025/08/IMG_1111-1536x864.jpg 1536w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2025/08/IMG_1111-2048x1152.jpg 2048w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 2560px) 100vw, 2560px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">According to data scientist Tarak Shah, who helped manage the Police Records Access Project, the database would not be possible without the latest advancements in AI and large language models, which were used to help categorize and sort the records, and identify and redact sensitive information. \u003ccite>(Illustration by Anna Vignet/KQED)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>“As a researcher, you might have questions about whether it’s possible to do unbiased investigations in those scenarios,” he said. Those cause-of-death determinations can mean the difference between a criminal investigation of a law enforcement officer and a death essentially going unexamined.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Other research areas could include the intersection of mental health and law enforcement, the role drug and alcohol impairment can play in some police encounters and a better understanding of what consequences officers face for misconduct — ranging from casual misogyny and racism to excessive force.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Shah said the depth and complexity of the investigative files have been both the “strength and the main challenge of this project.” The database contains incredibly granular information about officer behaviors and key incidents, but the records are not neatly organized into structured data like you might see in a spreadsheet.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>He said the database would not be possible without the latest advancements in AI and large language models, which they used to help categorize and sort the records, and to identify and redact sensitive information.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Lawyers\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Police officers’ credibility is fundamental to the criminal justice system; when officers take the stand, their word often determines the outcome of a case. Attorneys can now look up officers who’ve been dishonest or biased — key information for juries assessing the truth of their testimony.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“To me, the primary use is to impeach officers on the stand or to be able to properly defend the client, with full knowledge of who it [is] they’re dealing with,” said Musa, the attorney with NACDL.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_12050710\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 2560px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"wp-image-12050710 size-full\" src=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2025/08/IMG_1116.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"2560\" height=\"1920\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2025/08/IMG_1116.jpg 2560w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2025/08/IMG_1116-2000x1500.jpg 2000w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2025/08/IMG_1116-160x120.jpg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2025/08/IMG_1116-1536x1152.jpg 1536w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2025/08/IMG_1116-2048x1536.jpg 2048w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 2560px) 100vw, 2560px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">With the Police Records Access Project database, attorneys can now look up officers who’ve been dishonest or biased. \u003ccite>(Illustration by Anna Vignet/KQED)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>In 2019, in one of the first cases unsealed by the new transparency law, KQED uncovered the story of a Rio Vista police officer who had lied on official documents. As a result, \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/news/11730477/impact-da-dismisses-charges-against-woman-mauled-by-rio-vista-police-dog\">the Solano County District Attorney dropped criminal charges\u003c/a> against a woman who a police dog had mauled.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Civil rights attorneys who often look for evidence of patterns and practices within departments to substantiate their clients’ claims could also find useful information in the database.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Journalists\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“The one thing that moves the needle when it comes to getting accountability in the criminal legal system is investigative journalism,” said Barry Scheck, co-founder of the Innocence Project. “If you can expose people that are systematically breaking the law or not playing by the rules or harming people they should be protecting — when you get those stories, that’s when things change.”[aside postID=news_12017652,news_11880600,news_11828774 label= Highlights from KQED's police records reporting]Since 2019, KQED has also published more than 100 stories and two seasons of the award-winning podcast \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/podcasts/onourwatch\">On Our Watch\u003c/a> using records that are now a part of the database.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Around the state, members of the collaborative:\u003c/p>\n\u003cul>\n\u003cli>Succeeded in forcing the city of Richmond to release\u003ca href=\"https://www.mercurynews.com/2021/12/19/one-bay-area-city-73-police-dog-bites-and-the-law-that-made-them-public/\"> records revealing 73 police dog bites\u003c/a>\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>\u003ca href=\"https://www.latimes.com/california/story/2021-03-19/sb-1421-sheriffs-department-disclosure\">Identified 70 Los Angeles Sheriff’s deputies\u003c/a> with a range of previously undisclosed transgressions on their records\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>\u003ca href=\"https://www.latimes.com/california/story/2021-03-19/sb-1421-sheriffs-department-disclosure\">Unveiled records\u003c/a> that showed how a Sutter County sheriff’s deputy used his position to coerce women into having sex with him on duty.\u003c/li>\n\u003c/ul>\n\u003cp>Taken together, press coverage has helped move the needle on police reform in California. In 2020, state lawmakers passed a law requiring the state attorney general to investigate \u003cem>all \u003c/em>police shootings in which the subject was not armed.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In 2022, they passed a police decertification law, putting in place a mechanism to strip officers who’ve committed egregious misconduct of their badges. This year, the Legislature is considering a number of additional \u003ca href=\"https://leginfo.legislature.ca.gov/faces/billTextClient.xhtml?bill_id=202520260AB847&search_keywords=misconduct\">transparency\u003c/a> and \u003ca href=\"https://leginfo.legislature.ca.gov/faces/billCompareClient.xhtml?bill_id=202520260AB847&showamends=false\">oversight\u003c/a> measures.\u003c/p>\n\u003ch2>Have you found this database useful?\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>We want to hear who you are, how you’re using this database and why. Please tell us a bit about yourself, your work and what brought you to the database.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>https://docs.google.com/forms/d/e/1FAIpQLSfgci5neDDn_OhZ3fAuqoI6rHvboIiTkjbjhxDaqy-oltQkcw/viewform?embedded=true\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad floatright]\u003c/p>\n",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>\u003cem>Updated 10:20 a.m. Monday\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Today, for the first time, you can look up serious use of force and police misconduct incidents in \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/news/tag/california\">California\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>KQED, along with journalism and police accountability advocates, is publishing a database that houses thousands of once-confidential records gathered from the state’s nearly 700 law enforcement and oversight agencies.\u003c/p>\n\u003cul>\n\u003cli>\u003cstrong>Jump straight to: \u003ca href=\"#Howtousethepolicerecordsdatabaseyourself\">How to use the police records database yourself\u003c/a>\u003c/strong>\u003c/li>\n\u003c/ul>\n\u003cp>The free \u003ca href=\"http://policerecords.kqed.org/\">database\u003c/a>, which has been in the works for seven years and contains files for almost 12,000 cases, promises to give anyone — including attorneys, victims of police violence, journalists and law enforcement hiring officials — insight into police shootings and officers’ past behavior.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Cephus Johnson, whose nephew Oscar Grant was fatally shot in the back by a BART police officer in Oakland in the early morning hours of Jan. 1, 2009, knows firsthand just how important this database will be to other families who’ve lost people to police violence.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“ For impacted families, the first question is: ‘What happened?’” he said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>They can now find details of what happened to their loved ones and how the police investigated it — or what they overlooked — without having to deal with the often frustrating process of trying to obtain the records themselves.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Getting those answers, Johnson said, “is the beginning of part of the healing process.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>Click \u003ca href=\"https://policerecords.kqed.org/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">here\u003c/a> to search the database.\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_12050667\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 1002px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"wp-image-12050667 size-full\" src=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2025/08/image-7.png\" alt=\"\" width=\"1002\" height=\"404\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2025/08/image-7.png 1002w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2025/08/image-7-160x65.png 160w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 1002px) 100vw, 1002px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">A screenshot of the Police Records Access Project database.\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003ch2>Shedding light on secret records\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>For decades, misconduct and use-of-force records for California law enforcement officers were among the most difficult to obtain. That began to change in 2018 with the passage of \u003ca href=\"https://projects.scpr.org/california-reporting-project/\">Senate Bill 1421, the “Right to Know” Act\u003c/a>, which came about with the help of Johnson and other police accountability advocates.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The law unsealed records for incidents in which officers fired a gun or used force resulting in serious injury or death, and for officers who were found to have been dishonest or committed sexual assault. In 2021, the passage of \u003ca href=\"https://leginfo.legislature.ca.gov/faces/billTextClient.xhtml?bill_id=202120220SB16\">another bill\u003c/a> expanded the law to include cases of officer discrimination, excessive force and wrongful arrests or searches.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11854857\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 1920px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-full wp-image-11854857\" src=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2021/01/Oscar-Grant-Mural.jpg\" alt=\"Oscar Grant mural\" width=\"1920\" height=\"1394\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2021/01/Oscar-Grant-Mural.jpg 1920w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2021/01/Oscar-Grant-Mural-800x581.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2021/01/Oscar-Grant-Mural-1020x741.jpg 1020w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2021/01/Oscar-Grant-Mural-160x116.jpg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2021/01/Oscar-Grant-Mural-1536x1115.jpg 1536w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 1920px) 100vw, 1920px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">A mural of Oscar Grant outside BART’s Fruitvale Station, where a now-former BART police officer fatally shot Grant as he lay face-down on the platform on Jan. 1, 2009. \u003ccite>(Sonja Hutson/KQED)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>But the new laws were just the beginning of the fight to pry open the black box of police accountability — which continues today. Agencies often slow-walk or refuse to provide records, \u003ca href=\"https://www.latimes.com/local/lanow/la-me-police-records-california-20190630-story.html\">and have even destroyed them\u003c/a>. KQED and other outlets have sued multiple agencies, including the state attorney general, in order to force compliance.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Faced with these obstacles — and the difficulty of navigating California’s disparate law enforcement agencies, including 58 sheriff’s departments, hundreds of police departments, transit authorities and the California Department of Corrections and Rehabilitation — KQED co-founded \u003ca href=\"https://projects.scpr.org/california-reporting-project/\">The California Reporting Project,\u003c/a> a collaborative of more than 30 news outlets which is now led by \u003ca href=\"https://cjlab.stanford.edu/projects/big-local-news/\">Big Local News\u003c/a> at Stanford University, the \u003ca href=\"https://journalism.berkeley.edu/programs/mj/investigative-reporting/\">UC Berkeley Investigative Reporting Program\u003c/a> and the \u003ca href=\"https://bids.berkeley.edu/\">Berkeley Institute of Data Science\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“We knew from the start that this information needed to be available to the public,” KQED Editor-in-Chief Ethan Toven-Lindsey said. “Police misconduct records shouldn’t be locked away in filing cabinets where only a few people can see them.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11639714\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 1920px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-full wp-image-11639714\" src=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2018/01/RS28734_GettyImages-583550860-qut.jpg\" alt=\"(L-R) Cleopatra Pendleton-Cowley, mother of Hadiya Pendleton; Wanda Johnson, mother of Oscar Grant; and Lezley McSpadden, mother of Mike Brown stand on stage prior to delivering remarks on the second day of the Democratic National Convention at the Wells Fargo Center, July 26, 2016 in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania. Johnson says she talks regularly with other mothers who have lost loved ones to police violence.\" width=\"1920\" height=\"1280\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2018/01/RS28734_GettyImages-583550860-qut.jpg 1920w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2018/01/RS28734_GettyImages-583550860-qut-160x107.jpg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2018/01/RS28734_GettyImages-583550860-qut-800x533.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2018/01/RS28734_GettyImages-583550860-qut-1020x680.jpg 1020w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2018/01/RS28734_GettyImages-583550860-qut-1180x787.jpg 1180w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2018/01/RS28734_GettyImages-583550860-qut-960x640.jpg 960w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2018/01/RS28734_GettyImages-583550860-qut-240x160.jpg 240w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2018/01/RS28734_GettyImages-583550860-qut-375x250.jpg 375w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2018/01/RS28734_GettyImages-583550860-qut-520x347.jpg 520w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 1920px) 100vw, 1920px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">(L-R) Cleopatra Pendleton-Cowley, mother of Hadiya Pendleton; Wanda Johnson, mother of Oscar Grant; and Lezley McSpadden, mother of Mike Brown, stand on stage prior to delivering remarks on the second day of the Democratic National Convention at the Wells Fargo Center, July 26, 2016, in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania. Johnson said she talks regularly with other mothers who have lost loved ones to police violence. \u003ccite>(Jessica Kourkounis/Getty Images)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Eventually, The California Reporting Project joined forces with the Police Records Access Project, a transparency coalition which includes the ACLU, the Innocence Project, Stanford and UC Berkeley. In 2023, Gov. Gavin Newsom allocated \u003ca href=\"https://www.universityofcalifornia.edu/news/state-funds-development-first-its-kind-police-misconduct-database#:~:text=The%20funding%20will%20%E2%80%9Ctransform%20that%20effort%20and,launched%20by%20a%20consortium%20that%20includes%20BIDS\">$6.7 million\u003c/a> for the effort.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Jumana Musa, director of the Fourth Amendment Center at the National Association of Criminal Defense Lawyers (NACDL), said her organization joined the collaborative because justice requires transparency.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“This information gets hidden, it gets buried, it is not accessible,” she said. While Musa will use the database to help defend her clients, she said there’s an even more acute need for law enforcement agencies get familiar with the tool: “to ensure that you’re not gonna hire people and give them a weapon and give them a badge when that person has been known to be problematic [or] dangerous.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The California Police Chiefs Association did not respond to KQED’s request for comment.\u003c/p>\n\u003ch2>\u003ca id=\"Howtousethepolicerecordsdatabaseyourself\">\u003c/a>How can I use the database?\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>The nearly 12,000 cases make up about 1.5 million pages at the time of publication — but there are several ways to search and use the database.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Three categories divide the cases: use of force, shootings and misconduct. There is a range of document types, from investigative reports to interview transcripts and incident summaries.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>There is no cost for using the tool, and you won’t be asked to provide any information to search these records.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11987039\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 2000px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-full wp-image-11987039\" src=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/05/200529-GeorgeFloyd-04-BL.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"2000\" height=\"1333\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/05/200529-GeorgeFloyd-04-BL.jpg 2000w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/05/200529-GeorgeFloyd-04-BL-800x533.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/05/200529-GeorgeFloyd-04-BL-1020x680.jpg 1020w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/05/200529-GeorgeFloyd-04-BL-160x107.jpg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/05/200529-GeorgeFloyd-04-BL-1536x1024.jpg 1536w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/05/200529-GeorgeFloyd-04-BL-1920x1280.jpg 1920w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 2000px) 100vw, 2000px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">A demonstrator outside Oakland police headquarters on May 29 2020, carries a sign with the words, “I can’t breathe” spoken by George Floyd, the man murdered on May 25, 2020, by police in Minneapolis. \u003ccite>(Beth LaBerge/KQED)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Lisa Pickoff-White, co-founder and research director of The California Reporting Project, said it’s helpful to take some time to understand the kinds of cases and records in the database before drawing any conclusions.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>You can do keyword searches, filter your search by date or the agency that provided the records — for example, the San Francisco Sheriff’s Office, vs. the San Francisco Police Department.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Pickoff-White suggests starting simply. “Search for things like ‘taser’ or ‘canine.’ Or search for an officer’s name. Then review the records to see if you’ve found cases where they used force or violated policy.” But remember: just because an officer’s name is in the database, it doesn’t necessarily mean they were involved in misconduct or use of force.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The \u003ca href=\"https://policerecords.kqed.org/about\">“About”\u003c/a> page explains the type of records, methodology and the limitations of the database. If you find information in the database that you don’t think should be public, you can also submit a request to remove it.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Keep in mind this database is a living thing and is far from complete — the people maintaining it are adding new records as they receive them.\u003c/p>\n\u003ch2>Who is this database for?\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Victims of police violence and their families\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The records in the database, Cephus Johnson said, can give families like his who have experienced police violence a clearer picture of what took place, and help them “determine how they will get justice for their loved one.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But Johnson advises families to use the tool with a great deal of care because sometimes the records can contain examples of callous police behavior, negligence or descriptions of graphic injuries.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_12050677\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 2560px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"wp-image-12050677 size-full\" src=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2025/08/IMG_1110.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"2560\" height=\"1920\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2025/08/IMG_1110.jpg 2560w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2025/08/IMG_1110-2000x1500.jpg 2000w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2025/08/IMG_1110-160x120.jpg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2025/08/IMG_1110-1536x1152.jpg 1536w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2025/08/IMG_1110-2048x1536.jpg 2048w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 2560px) 100vw, 2560px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">The records in the database can give families who have experienced police violence a clearer picture of what took place, and help them determine how to get justice for their loved one. \u003ccite>(Illustration by Anna Vignet/KQED)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>“On top of the mourning, you’re angry, you got many emotions that you gotta really deal with,” he said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Johnson suggests that certain family members — say, the grieving mother of someone killed by police — might be better served if a relative or friend reviews the records.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“There’s got to be some caretaking,” he said, “because we know sometimes you’re gonna hear things that you just can’t believe these officers would do.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Researchers\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“This kind of data is necessary for even basic forms of independent oversight,” said Tarak Shah, a data scientist who helped manage the Police Records Access Project.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Shah said he’s excited about the database’s potential to contribute to criminal justice research. He’s spoken to researchers interested in how police killings get classified by independent medical examiners vs. coroners, who are under the purview of the local sheriff.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_12050676\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 2560px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"wp-image-12050676 size-full\" src=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2025/08/IMG_1111-scaled.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"2560\" height=\"1440\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2025/08/IMG_1111-scaled.jpg 2560w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2025/08/IMG_1111-2000x1125.jpg 2000w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2025/08/IMG_1111-160x90.jpg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2025/08/IMG_1111-1536x864.jpg 1536w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2025/08/IMG_1111-2048x1152.jpg 2048w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 2560px) 100vw, 2560px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">According to data scientist Tarak Shah, who helped manage the Police Records Access Project, the database would not be possible without the latest advancements in AI and large language models, which were used to help categorize and sort the records, and identify and redact sensitive information. \u003ccite>(Illustration by Anna Vignet/KQED)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>“As a researcher, you might have questions about whether it’s possible to do unbiased investigations in those scenarios,” he said. Those cause-of-death determinations can mean the difference between a criminal investigation of a law enforcement officer and a death essentially going unexamined.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Other research areas could include the intersection of mental health and law enforcement, the role drug and alcohol impairment can play in some police encounters and a better understanding of what consequences officers face for misconduct — ranging from casual misogyny and racism to excessive force.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Shah said the depth and complexity of the investigative files have been both the “strength and the main challenge of this project.” The database contains incredibly granular information about officer behaviors and key incidents, but the records are not neatly organized into structured data like you might see in a spreadsheet.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>He said the database would not be possible without the latest advancements in AI and large language models, which they used to help categorize and sort the records, and to identify and redact sensitive information.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Lawyers\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Police officers’ credibility is fundamental to the criminal justice system; when officers take the stand, their word often determines the outcome of a case. Attorneys can now look up officers who’ve been dishonest or biased — key information for juries assessing the truth of their testimony.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“To me, the primary use is to impeach officers on the stand or to be able to properly defend the client, with full knowledge of who it [is] they’re dealing with,” said Musa, the attorney with NACDL.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_12050710\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 2560px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"wp-image-12050710 size-full\" src=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2025/08/IMG_1116.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"2560\" height=\"1920\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2025/08/IMG_1116.jpg 2560w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2025/08/IMG_1116-2000x1500.jpg 2000w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2025/08/IMG_1116-160x120.jpg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2025/08/IMG_1116-1536x1152.jpg 1536w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2025/08/IMG_1116-2048x1536.jpg 2048w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 2560px) 100vw, 2560px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">With the Police Records Access Project database, attorneys can now look up officers who’ve been dishonest or biased. \u003ccite>(Illustration by Anna Vignet/KQED)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>In 2019, in one of the first cases unsealed by the new transparency law, KQED uncovered the story of a Rio Vista police officer who had lied on official documents. As a result, \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/news/11730477/impact-da-dismisses-charges-against-woman-mauled-by-rio-vista-police-dog\">the Solano County District Attorney dropped criminal charges\u003c/a> against a woman who a police dog had mauled.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Civil rights attorneys who often look for evidence of patterns and practices within departments to substantiate their clients’ claims could also find useful information in the database.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Journalists\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“The one thing that moves the needle when it comes to getting accountability in the criminal legal system is investigative journalism,” said Barry Scheck, co-founder of the Innocence Project. “If you can expose people that are systematically breaking the law or not playing by the rules or harming people they should be protecting — when you get those stories, that’s when things change.”\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>Since 2019, KQED has also published more than 100 stories and two seasons of the award-winning podcast \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/podcasts/onourwatch\">On Our Watch\u003c/a> using records that are now a part of the database.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Around the state, members of the collaborative:\u003c/p>\n\u003cul>\n\u003cli>Succeeded in forcing the city of Richmond to release\u003ca href=\"https://www.mercurynews.com/2021/12/19/one-bay-area-city-73-police-dog-bites-and-the-law-that-made-them-public/\"> records revealing 73 police dog bites\u003c/a>\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>\u003ca href=\"https://www.latimes.com/california/story/2021-03-19/sb-1421-sheriffs-department-disclosure\">Identified 70 Los Angeles Sheriff’s deputies\u003c/a> with a range of previously undisclosed transgressions on their records\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>\u003ca href=\"https://www.latimes.com/california/story/2021-03-19/sb-1421-sheriffs-department-disclosure\">Unveiled records\u003c/a> that showed how a Sutter County sheriff’s deputy used his position to coerce women into having sex with him on duty.\u003c/li>\n\u003c/ul>\n\u003cp>Taken together, press coverage has helped move the needle on police reform in California. In 2020, state lawmakers passed a law requiring the state attorney general to investigate \u003cem>all \u003c/em>police shootings in which the subject was not armed.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In 2022, they passed a police decertification law, putting in place a mechanism to strip officers who’ve committed egregious misconduct of their badges. This year, the Legislature is considering a number of additional \u003ca href=\"https://leginfo.legislature.ca.gov/faces/billTextClient.xhtml?bill_id=202520260AB847&search_keywords=misconduct\">transparency\u003c/a> and \u003ca href=\"https://leginfo.legislature.ca.gov/faces/billCompareClient.xhtml?bill_id=202520260AB847&showamends=false\">oversight\u003c/a> measures.\u003c/p>\n\u003ch2>Have you found this database useful?\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>We want to hear who you are, how you’re using this database and why. Please tell us a bit about yourself, your work and what brought you to the database.\u003c/p>\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003cdiv class='utils-parseShortcode-shortcodes-__shortcodes__shortcodeWrapper'>\n \u003ciframe\n src='https://docs.google.com/forms/d/e/1FAIpQLSfgci5neDDn_OhZ3fAuqoI6rHvboIiTkjbjhxDaqy-oltQkcw/viewform?embedded=true?embedded=true'\n title='https://docs.google.com/forms/d/e/1FAIpQLSfgci5neDDn_OhZ3fAuqoI6rHvboIiTkjbjhxDaqy-oltQkcw/viewform?embedded=true'\n width='760' height='500'\n frameborder='0'\n marginheight='0' marginwidth='0'>\u003c/iframe>\u003c/div>\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"slug": "green-card-holder-detained-at-sfo-raises-alarm-over-trump-era-immigration-crackdown",
"title": "Green Card Holder Detained at SFO Raises Alarm Over Trump-Era Immigration Crackdown",
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"content": "\u003cp>\u003cem>Updated 1:20 p.m. Friday\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>A permanent U.S. resident who was detained by federal law enforcement at \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/news/tag/san-francisco-international-airport\">San Francisco International Airport \u003c/a>for a week is now being held at an immigration detention center, according to one of his lawyers.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Tae “Will” Heung Kim, a Korean-born Lyme disease researcher who has been in the U.S. since he was 5, was held in Customs and Border Protection’s facility with “no daylight, sleeping in [a] chair, and no access to [a] lawyer,” attorney Eric Lee posted on the social media website X this week.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“There’s a certain historic, dark historical resonance to the fact that an Asian person was coming to San Francisco and kept for a week in deplorable, inhumane conditions,” Lee told KQED, referring to the treatment Asian immigrants faced on Angel Island. “This administration is dredging up everything dirty and mucky from American history and flinging it for all of us to see.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Kim had arrived at SFO on a connecting flight to Texas after traveling from South Korea, according to Lee.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>A spokesperson for U.S. Immigration and Customs Enforcement did not immediately respond to requests for comment on why Kim was detained. Supporters of Kim have suggested that a 14-year-old misdemeanor marijuana possession charge could be the reason for his detention.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“If people were subject to the type of conditions that he was subjected to this last week because of minor marijuana possession, over half the country would be in jail,” said Lee, who confirmed Kim’s previous charge.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>A spokesperson for Customs and Border Protection said that “this alien is in ICE custody pending removal proceedings.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“If a green card holder is convicted of a drug offense, violating their status, that person is issued a Notice to Appear and CBP coordinates detention space with ICE ERO,” the agency said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In a letter calling for Kim’s release, the National Korean American Service and Education Consortium said the case highlights broader concerns.[aside postID=news_12047506 hero='https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2025/07/250609-SEIUProtests-07-BL_qed.jpg']“It spotlights the urgent need for accountability and transparency in federal detention practices and upholds the fundamental rights of those who call America home,” the organization, which organizes around Asian American immigrant issues, said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Lee called the case a “double whammy” because of Kim’s role as a Lyme disease researcher.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“What you’re seeing here is an individual who is, as a result of the administration’s crackdown, not able to participate in really critical scientific research to develop a vaccine for a disease that impacts the lives of millions of people,” Lee said. “That’s why I think this case has particularly significant implications for the future.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Kim’s detention comes amid a broader ramp-up of immigration enforcement under the Trump administration. In recent months, immigration attorneys have warned that lawful permanent residents — like Kim — risk being detained if they travel abroad, \u003ca href=\"https://www.npr.org/2025/06/04/nx-s1-5416767/more-green-card-holders-are-being-detained-over-criminal-records-lawyers-say\">according to NPR.\u003c/a>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Since Trump took office in January, ICE arrests in the San Francisco area of responsibility have increased 70% compared with the last six months of the Biden administration, according to \u003ca href=\"https://www.sfchronicle.com/bayarea/article/ice-arrest-immigrant-california-20395589.php\">analysis\u003c/a> by the \u003cem>San Francisco Chronicle\u003c/em>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“As an immigration lawyer, to see this type of thing happen is staggering,” Lee said. “Every day there’s some new Rubicon of horrors, which is being crossed.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>KQED’s \u003c/em>\u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/author/bkrans\">\u003cem>Brian Krans\u003c/em>\u003c/a>\u003cem> contributed to this story\u003c/em>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>\u003cem>Updated 1:20 p.m. Friday\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>A permanent U.S. resident who was detained by federal law enforcement at \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/news/tag/san-francisco-international-airport\">San Francisco International Airport \u003c/a>for a week is now being held at an immigration detention center, according to one of his lawyers.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Tae “Will” Heung Kim, a Korean-born Lyme disease researcher who has been in the U.S. since he was 5, was held in Customs and Border Protection’s facility with “no daylight, sleeping in [a] chair, and no access to [a] lawyer,” attorney Eric Lee posted on the social media website X this week.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“There’s a certain historic, dark historical resonance to the fact that an Asian person was coming to San Francisco and kept for a week in deplorable, inhumane conditions,” Lee told KQED, referring to the treatment Asian immigrants faced on Angel Island. “This administration is dredging up everything dirty and mucky from American history and flinging it for all of us to see.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Kim had arrived at SFO on a connecting flight to Texas after traveling from South Korea, according to Lee.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>A spokesperson for U.S. Immigration and Customs Enforcement did not immediately respond to requests for comment on why Kim was detained. Supporters of Kim have suggested that a 14-year-old misdemeanor marijuana possession charge could be the reason for his detention.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“If people were subject to the type of conditions that he was subjected to this last week because of minor marijuana possession, over half the country would be in jail,” said Lee, who confirmed Kim’s previous charge.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>A spokesperson for Customs and Border Protection said that “this alien is in ICE custody pending removal proceedings.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“If a green card holder is convicted of a drug offense, violating their status, that person is issued a Notice to Appear and CBP coordinates detention space with ICE ERO,” the agency said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In a letter calling for Kim’s release, the National Korean American Service and Education Consortium said the case highlights broader concerns.\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>“It spotlights the urgent need for accountability and transparency in federal detention practices and upholds the fundamental rights of those who call America home,” the organization, which organizes around Asian American immigrant issues, said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Lee called the case a “double whammy” because of Kim’s role as a Lyme disease researcher.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“What you’re seeing here is an individual who is, as a result of the administration’s crackdown, not able to participate in really critical scientific research to develop a vaccine for a disease that impacts the lives of millions of people,” Lee said. “That’s why I think this case has particularly significant implications for the future.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Kim’s detention comes amid a broader ramp-up of immigration enforcement under the Trump administration. In recent months, immigration attorneys have warned that lawful permanent residents — like Kim — risk being detained if they travel abroad, \u003ca href=\"https://www.npr.org/2025/06/04/nx-s1-5416767/more-green-card-holders-are-being-detained-over-criminal-records-lawyers-say\">according to NPR.\u003c/a>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Since Trump took office in January, ICE arrests in the San Francisco area of responsibility have increased 70% compared with the last six months of the Biden administration, according to \u003ca href=\"https://www.sfchronicle.com/bayarea/article/ice-arrest-immigrant-california-20395589.php\">analysis\u003c/a> by the \u003cem>San Francisco Chronicle\u003c/em>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“As an immigration lawyer, to see this type of thing happen is staggering,” Lee said. “Every day there’s some new Rubicon of horrors, which is being crossed.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>KQED’s \u003c/em>\u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/author/bkrans\">\u003cem>Brian Krans\u003c/em>\u003c/a>\u003cem> contributed to this story\u003c/em>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>",
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"content": "\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/news/tag/south-bay\">South Bay leaders\u003c/a> are hoping to boost safety in their communities by beefing up deportation \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/immigration\">protections for immigrants\u003c/a> who are victims of or witnesses to crimes.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Democratic Rep. Jimmy Panetta, who represents portions of San José, Santa Cruz and southern coastal communities, announced Thursday that he is taking another crack at getting his Immigrant Witness and Victim Protection Act passed into law.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“It’s a very straightforward, simple, common-sensical fix that’s needed now more than ever,” Panetta said during a press conference on Thursday outside San José City Hall, flanked by a cohort of local elected officials and law enforcement brass.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>It’s unclear, however, if the bill will be able to find enough bipartisan support with a Republican controlled Congress and under the watch of the Trump administration, some officials said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Panetta said his bill would remove “arbitrary” caps on U visas, a special visa that can be granted to undocumented immigrants who are victims of crime, abuse, or human trafficking and who cooperate with law enforcement or government agencies.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Critically, it would also prevent people applying for the U visas, and a similar T visa, from being detained or deported while their application is pending. It would also set timelines, allowing applicants to gain work permits while waiting for their case to be decided.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_12024741\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 1600px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-full wp-image-12024741\" src=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2025/01/20250129_UCBerkeleyRally_GC-4.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"1600\" height=\"2000\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2025/01/20250129_UCBerkeleyRally_GC-4.jpg 1600w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2025/01/20250129_UCBerkeleyRally_GC-4-800x1000.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2025/01/20250129_UCBerkeleyRally_GC-4-1020x1275.jpg 1020w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2025/01/20250129_UCBerkeleyRally_GC-4-160x200.jpg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2025/01/20250129_UCBerkeleyRally_GC-4-1229x1536.jpg 1229w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 1600px) 100vw, 1600px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Nichole Espinoza, a junior at the University of California, Berkeley, holds a protest sign in response to the mass deportations ordered by the Trump administration, at Sproul Plaza on the UC Berkeley campus on Wednesday, Jan. 29, 2025. \u003ccite>(Gina Castro/KQED)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>“At a time when there is great distrust in government, the Immigrant Witness and Victim Protection Act allows witnesses and victims to trust our criminal justice system, to come out of the shadows and to come forward,” Panetta said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>U visas are currently capped at 10,000 annually nationwide, and apply to people who have “suffered mental or physical abuse,” including many forms of domestic violence and sexual assault or rape, according to U.S. Citizenship and Immigration Services. T visas, which apply to people who faced a “severe form of trafficking,” such as sex or labor trafficking, are capped at 5,000.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In fiscal year 2018, there were over 117,000 pending applications for U visas, and a three-year waitlist. By 2025, the waiting period increased to five years\u003cstrong>,\u003c/strong> according to Panetta’s office.[aside postID=news_12049817 hero='https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2023/08/230817-PETALUMA-VINEYARD-FARMWORKERS-AP-ER-KQED-1020x680.jpg']The annual cap on T visas has not been reached since its creation in 2000, his office said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Panetta said the Trump administration has cast a wide net in its enforcement of immigration laws, led by White House Deputy Chief of Staff Stephen Miller.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Basically a shotgun approach to rounding up anybody and everybody who is undocumented or even documented and has a misdemeanor or an arrest or has no record at all,” Panetta said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In the Bay Area, residents and advocates have \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/news/12043139/san-jose-immigrant-advocates-protest-sweeping-ice-arrests\">protested those actions\u003c/a>, including waves of arrests made by Immigration and Customs Enforcement agents at U.S. CIS offices and immigration courts in San Francisco, San José and across the country.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>San José Mayor Matt Mahan said the actions and the rhetoric from the administration have had an “unacceptable chilling effect” in the city, where more than 40% of the population is immigrants.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“I’ve heard first-hand from residents who are now too afraid to leave their homes, too afraid to go to work … too afraid to engage with law enforcement,” Mahan said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“When any of our neighbors live in fear that reporting a crime might put their life in this country at risk, it makes everyone less safe. Our police officers lose the ability to build cases. Our prosecutors lose key witnesses. And our communities are left all the more vulnerable to violent crime.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_12050503\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 2000px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-full wp-image-12050503\" src=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2025/07/250731-DEPORTBILL-JG-3_qed.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"2000\" height=\"1333\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2025/07/250731-DEPORTBILL-JG-3_qed.jpg 2000w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2025/07/250731-DEPORTBILL-JG-3_qed-160x107.jpg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2025/07/250731-DEPORTBILL-JG-3_qed-1536x1024.jpg 1536w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 2000px) 100vw, 2000px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">San José Mayor Matt Mahan speaks about the need for deportation protections for immigrants who have been victims or witnesses of crimes, during a press conference outside City Hall on July 31, 2025. \u003ccite>(Joseph Geha/KQED)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>The rate of abuse against immigrant women is \u003ca href=\"https://now.org/wp-content/uploads/2017/06/Learn-More-IPV-and-Immigrant-Womenpdf.pdf\">roughly 49%\u003c/a> — nearly three times the national average — according to the National Organization for Women. Those same victims are much less likely to report the crimes due to fear of deportation.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Santa Clara County Assistant District Attorney Terry Harman said that nearly half of all U visa applicants locally are women who have been victims of sexual assault and domestic violence, and that the county has seen a 50% increase in applications over the last five years.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“We care about people being held accountable for committing crimes against others. We care about making sure that dangerous people don’t hurt anyone else,” Harman said. “The fact that victims are undocumented does not decriminalize the rape, the murder, the robbery or the scam.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Panetta said he is optimistic about the bill’s ability to find support in the House and Senate, despite the fact that he has introduced the legislation four previous times since 2017, only to see it stall out in committee reviews.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“I have seen members on both sides of the aisle who actually want to do something, who understand how beneficial it is to have people who are willing to come here, work here, contribute here, abide by the law and to live that American dream,” Panetta told KQED.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>He blamed President Trump for using immigration policy as a “political tool” in a nation of immigrants.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>He said whether on its own, or as part of a broader immigration bill, he hopes to see the changes in his bill enacted into law.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“It’s obviously going to take leadership. We’ve got to continue to stand firm, continue to call out ICE for what they’re doing, how they’re acting, and push back on them,” Panetta said. “But at the same time, we can’t just do that. We’ve got to put forward these meaningful reforms to show where we can go in the future.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/news/tag/south-bay\">South Bay leaders\u003c/a> are hoping to boost safety in their communities by beefing up deportation \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/immigration\">protections for immigrants\u003c/a> who are victims of or witnesses to crimes.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Democratic Rep. Jimmy Panetta, who represents portions of San José, Santa Cruz and southern coastal communities, announced Thursday that he is taking another crack at getting his Immigrant Witness and Victim Protection Act passed into law.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“It’s a very straightforward, simple, common-sensical fix that’s needed now more than ever,” Panetta said during a press conference on Thursday outside San José City Hall, flanked by a cohort of local elected officials and law enforcement brass.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>It’s unclear, however, if the bill will be able to find enough bipartisan support with a Republican controlled Congress and under the watch of the Trump administration, some officials said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Panetta said his bill would remove “arbitrary” caps on U visas, a special visa that can be granted to undocumented immigrants who are victims of crime, abuse, or human trafficking and who cooperate with law enforcement or government agencies.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Critically, it would also prevent people applying for the U visas, and a similar T visa, from being detained or deported while their application is pending. It would also set timelines, allowing applicants to gain work permits while waiting for their case to be decided.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_12024741\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 1600px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-full wp-image-12024741\" src=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2025/01/20250129_UCBerkeleyRally_GC-4.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"1600\" height=\"2000\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2025/01/20250129_UCBerkeleyRally_GC-4.jpg 1600w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2025/01/20250129_UCBerkeleyRally_GC-4-800x1000.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2025/01/20250129_UCBerkeleyRally_GC-4-1020x1275.jpg 1020w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2025/01/20250129_UCBerkeleyRally_GC-4-160x200.jpg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2025/01/20250129_UCBerkeleyRally_GC-4-1229x1536.jpg 1229w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 1600px) 100vw, 1600px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Nichole Espinoza, a junior at the University of California, Berkeley, holds a protest sign in response to the mass deportations ordered by the Trump administration, at Sproul Plaza on the UC Berkeley campus on Wednesday, Jan. 29, 2025. \u003ccite>(Gina Castro/KQED)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>“At a time when there is great distrust in government, the Immigrant Witness and Victim Protection Act allows witnesses and victims to trust our criminal justice system, to come out of the shadows and to come forward,” Panetta said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>U visas are currently capped at 10,000 annually nationwide, and apply to people who have “suffered mental or physical abuse,” including many forms of domestic violence and sexual assault or rape, according to U.S. Citizenship and Immigration Services. T visas, which apply to people who faced a “severe form of trafficking,” such as sex or labor trafficking, are capped at 5,000.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In fiscal year 2018, there were over 117,000 pending applications for U visas, and a three-year waitlist. By 2025, the waiting period increased to five years\u003cstrong>,\u003c/strong> according to Panetta’s office.\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>The annual cap on T visas has not been reached since its creation in 2000, his office said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Panetta said the Trump administration has cast a wide net in its enforcement of immigration laws, led by White House Deputy Chief of Staff Stephen Miller.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Basically a shotgun approach to rounding up anybody and everybody who is undocumented or even documented and has a misdemeanor or an arrest or has no record at all,” Panetta said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In the Bay Area, residents and advocates have \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/news/12043139/san-jose-immigrant-advocates-protest-sweeping-ice-arrests\">protested those actions\u003c/a>, including waves of arrests made by Immigration and Customs Enforcement agents at U.S. CIS offices and immigration courts in San Francisco, San José and across the country.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>San José Mayor Matt Mahan said the actions and the rhetoric from the administration have had an “unacceptable chilling effect” in the city, where more than 40% of the population is immigrants.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“I’ve heard first-hand from residents who are now too afraid to leave their homes, too afraid to go to work … too afraid to engage with law enforcement,” Mahan said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“When any of our neighbors live in fear that reporting a crime might put their life in this country at risk, it makes everyone less safe. Our police officers lose the ability to build cases. Our prosecutors lose key witnesses. And our communities are left all the more vulnerable to violent crime.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_12050503\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 2000px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-full wp-image-12050503\" src=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2025/07/250731-DEPORTBILL-JG-3_qed.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"2000\" height=\"1333\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2025/07/250731-DEPORTBILL-JG-3_qed.jpg 2000w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2025/07/250731-DEPORTBILL-JG-3_qed-160x107.jpg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2025/07/250731-DEPORTBILL-JG-3_qed-1536x1024.jpg 1536w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 2000px) 100vw, 2000px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">San José Mayor Matt Mahan speaks about the need for deportation protections for immigrants who have been victims or witnesses of crimes, during a press conference outside City Hall on July 31, 2025. \u003ccite>(Joseph Geha/KQED)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>The rate of abuse against immigrant women is \u003ca href=\"https://now.org/wp-content/uploads/2017/06/Learn-More-IPV-and-Immigrant-Womenpdf.pdf\">roughly 49%\u003c/a> — nearly three times the national average — according to the National Organization for Women. Those same victims are much less likely to report the crimes due to fear of deportation.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Santa Clara County Assistant District Attorney Terry Harman said that nearly half of all U visa applicants locally are women who have been victims of sexual assault and domestic violence, and that the county has seen a 50% increase in applications over the last five years.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“We care about people being held accountable for committing crimes against others. We care about making sure that dangerous people don’t hurt anyone else,” Harman said. “The fact that victims are undocumented does not decriminalize the rape, the murder, the robbery or the scam.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Panetta said he is optimistic about the bill’s ability to find support in the House and Senate, despite the fact that he has introduced the legislation four previous times since 2017, only to see it stall out in committee reviews.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“I have seen members on both sides of the aisle who actually want to do something, who understand how beneficial it is to have people who are willing to come here, work here, contribute here, abide by the law and to live that American dream,” Panetta told KQED.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>He blamed President Trump for using immigration policy as a “political tool” in a nation of immigrants.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>He said whether on its own, or as part of a broader immigration bill, he hopes to see the changes in his bill enacted into law.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“It’s obviously going to take leadership. We’ve got to continue to stand firm, continue to call out ICE for what they’re doing, how they’re acting, and push back on them,” Panetta said. “But at the same time, we can’t just do that. We’ve got to put forward these meaningful reforms to show where we can go in the future.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>",
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"info": "Possible is hosted by entrepreneur Reid Hoffman and writer Aria Finger. Together in Possible, Hoffman and Finger lead enlightening discussions about building a brighter collective future. The show features interviews with visionary guests like Trevor Noah, Sam Altman and Janette Sadik-Khan. Possible paints an optimistic portrait of the world we can create through science, policy, business, art and our shared humanity. It asks: What if everything goes right for once? How can we get there? Each episode also includes a short fiction story generated by advanced AI GPT-4, serving as a thought-provoking springboard to speculate how humanity could leverage technology for good.",
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"soldout": {
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"title": "SOLD OUT: Rethinking Housing in America",
"tagline": "A new future for housing",
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