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"content": "\u003cp>Hewlett Packard Enterprise CEO Meg Whitman, who's been moonlighting as national finance co-chair for New Jersey Gov. Chris Christie's failed presidential bid, on Sunday issued a statement blasting Christie for endorsing Republican front-runner Donald Trump.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Whitman's statement was issued via NBC's \"\u003ca href=\"http://www.nbcnews.com/meet-the-press/meet-press-february-28-2016-n527506\" target=\"_blank\">Meet the Press\u003c/a>\" program Sunday:\u003c/p>\n\u003cblockquote>\u003cp>Chris Christie's endorsement of Donald Trump is an astonishing display of political opportunism. Donald Trump is unfit to be President. He is a dishonest demagogue who plays to our worst fears. Trump would take America on a dangerous journey. Christie knows all that and indicated as much many times publicly. The governor is mistaken if he believes he can now count on my support, and I call on Christie's donors and supporters to reject the Governor and Donald Trump outright. I believe they will. For some of us, principle and country still matter.\u003c/p>\u003c/blockquote>\n\u003cp>Christie was on ABC's \"\u003ca href=\"http://abcnews.go.com/Politics/week-transcript-chris-christie-ted-cruz-bernie-sanders/story?id=37242166\" target=\"_blank\">This Week\u003c/a>.\" His response:\u003c/p>\n\u003cblockquote>\u003cp>Well, listen, I love Meg Whitman. She's a great friend to me and to Mary Pat [Christie's wife], always has been. We obviously, from that statement, have a difference of political opinion. And that's OK. That's what makes this country great is that people can have differences of political opinion.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>And so Meg has always been free to express her views and I honor her. And we absolutely adore our relationship with her and I'm sure it'll continue.\u003c/p>\u003c/blockquote>\n\u003cp>Whitman is best known politically for her unsuccessful bid to become California governor in 2010, a race in which she spent more than $140 million of her own money. Whitman amassed her fortune as chief of eBay, a company she led from 1998 through 2007.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"This Week\" host George Stephanopoulos challenged Christie on how he can support a candidate he very recently ridiculed for the grandiosity and vagueness of his campaign platform. Christie said Trump will eventually come up with a plan to pay for his promised wall with Mexico and deliver a blueprint to deal with long-term financial challenges for Social Security and Medicare.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Then Stephanopolous played a clip focusing on Christie's criticism of Trump's pledge to ban all Muslims from entering the United States and asked Christie to react:\u003c/p>\n\u003cblockquote>\u003cp>(BEGIN VIDEO CLIP)\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>CHRISTIE: The idea of banning all Muslims from this country is ridiculous. And the reason it's ridiculous is because you don't need to do that to make America safe.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>When Donald Trump said that, he was dead wrong. And he's dead wrong now.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>(END VIDEO CLIP)\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>STEPHANOPOULOS: Is he dead wrong now?\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>CHRISTIE: Listen, and that's not what he says any longer. He's backed off of that position over the course of time.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>STEPHANOPOULOS: Only for citizens.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>CHRISTIE: Over the -- well, but that's a big difference, George. That's a big difference from what his position...\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>STEPHANOPOULOS: He's still banning Muslims...\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>CHRISTIE: -- was.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>STEPHANOPOULOS: -- from coming into the United States.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>CHRISTIE: It's a big difference from where the position was and -- and what we need to do for...\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>STEPHANOPOULOS: So you endorse the one he has now?\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>CHRISTIE: -- (INAUDIBLE) excuse me. Let me answer, George.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>What we need to do is have a coherent national security policy that's very clear, that says that we need to go after folks who want to do harm to this country. And having good, competent law enforcement. Mr. Trump has talked about the idea of making sure we restore NSA authority, he's -- which some people in this race have not been in favor of, like Senator Cruz.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>He has stood up and said that he wants to make our military stronger, which we need to do. He's stood up for law enforcement in ways that other candidates in this race have not done.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>So let's not just take one section of it and make that the entire national security policy. There's been a lot of other conversations about it.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>And by the way, I'll continue to have conversations with him about this as the campaign goes forward, to be able to make all of these things more fulsome.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But we're, again, at the end of February, George. This is the -- Donald Trump is going to...\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>STEPHANOPOULOS: (INAUDIBLE) June?\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>CHRISTIE: -- Donald Trump is going to be the Republican nominee for president of the United States. 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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>Hewlett Packard Enterprise CEO Meg Whitman, who's been moonlighting as national finance co-chair for New Jersey Gov. Chris Christie's failed presidential bid, on Sunday issued a statement blasting Christie for endorsing Republican front-runner Donald Trump.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Whitman's statement was issued via NBC's \"\u003ca href=\"http://www.nbcnews.com/meet-the-press/meet-press-february-28-2016-n527506\" target=\"_blank\">Meet the Press\u003c/a>\" program Sunday:\u003c/p>\n\u003cblockquote>\u003cp>Chris Christie's endorsement of Donald Trump is an astonishing display of political opportunism. Donald Trump is unfit to be President. He is a dishonest demagogue who plays to our worst fears. Trump would take America on a dangerous journey. Christie knows all that and indicated as much many times publicly. The governor is mistaken if he believes he can now count on my support, and I call on Christie's donors and supporters to reject the Governor and Donald Trump outright. I believe they will. For some of us, principle and country still matter.\u003c/p>\u003c/blockquote>\n\u003cp>Christie was on ABC's \"\u003ca href=\"http://abcnews.go.com/Politics/week-transcript-chris-christie-ted-cruz-bernie-sanders/story?id=37242166\" target=\"_blank\">This Week\u003c/a>.\" His response:\u003c/p>\n\u003cblockquote>\u003cp>Well, listen, I love Meg Whitman. She's a great friend to me and to Mary Pat [Christie's wife], always has been. We obviously, from that statement, have a difference of political opinion. And that's OK. That's what makes this country great is that people can have differences of political opinion.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>And so Meg has always been free to express her views and I honor her. And we absolutely adore our relationship with her and I'm sure it'll continue.\u003c/p>\u003c/blockquote>\n\u003cp>Whitman is best known politically for her unsuccessful bid to become California governor in 2010, a race in which she spent more than $140 million of her own money. Whitman amassed her fortune as chief of eBay, a company she led from 1998 through 2007.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"This Week\" host George Stephanopoulos challenged Christie on how he can support a candidate he very recently ridiculed for the grandiosity and vagueness of his campaign platform. Christie said Trump will eventually come up with a plan to pay for his promised wall with Mexico and deliver a blueprint to deal with long-term financial challenges for Social Security and Medicare.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Then Stephanopolous played a clip focusing on Christie's criticism of Trump's pledge to ban all Muslims from entering the United States and asked Christie to react:\u003c/p>\n\u003cblockquote>\u003cp>(BEGIN VIDEO CLIP)\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>CHRISTIE: The idea of banning all Muslims from this country is ridiculous. And the reason it's ridiculous is because you don't need to do that to make America safe.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>When Donald Trump said that, he was dead wrong. And he's dead wrong now.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>(END VIDEO CLIP)\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>STEPHANOPOULOS: Is he dead wrong now?\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>CHRISTIE: Listen, and that's not what he says any longer. He's backed off of that position over the course of time.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>STEPHANOPOULOS: Only for citizens.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>CHRISTIE: Over the -- well, but that's a big difference, George. That's a big difference from what his position...\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>STEPHANOPOULOS: He's still banning Muslims...\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>CHRISTIE: -- was.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>STEPHANOPOULOS: -- from coming into the United States.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>CHRISTIE: It's a big difference from where the position was and -- and what we need to do for...\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>STEPHANOPOULOS: So you endorse the one he has now?\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>CHRISTIE: -- (INAUDIBLE) excuse me. Let me answer, George.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>What we need to do is have a coherent national security policy that's very clear, that says that we need to go after folks who want to do harm to this country. And having good, competent law enforcement. Mr. Trump has talked about the idea of making sure we restore NSA authority, he's -- which some people in this race have not been in favor of, like Senator Cruz.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>He has stood up and said that he wants to make our military stronger, which we need to do. He's stood up for law enforcement in ways that other candidates in this race have not done.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>So let's not just take one section of it and make that the entire national security policy. There's been a lot of other conversations about it.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>And by the way, I'll continue to have conversations with him about this as the campaign goes forward, to be able to make all of these things more fulsome.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But we're, again, at the end of February, George. This is the -- Donald Trump is going to...\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>STEPHANOPOULOS: (INAUDIBLE) June?\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>CHRISTIE: -- Donald Trump is going to be the Republican nominee for president of the United States. And he is going to bring this race to Hillary Clinton. He is the best candidate to beat Hillary Clinton in November and the best candidate to restore national security for our country.\u003c/p>\u003c/blockquote>\n\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>",
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"content": "\u003cp>When it came time for Dominic Lim to pick a language to study in high school, he chose French. He chose it not because he was particularly interested in the language, but because the only other option was Spanish.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"I consciously picked French because I didn't want to learn Spanish and then feel bad that I was learning Spanish, which was so similar to Tagalog ...\" said Lim. \"I know that's very bizarre but it's like, if I learned French then I wouldn't feel so bad that I didn't learn Tagalog.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Lim, 41, is first-generation Filipino-American. He never learned to speak his family's native language, Tagalog.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[soundcloud url=\"https://api.soundcloud.com/tracks/249102122\" params=\"color=ff5500&auto_play=false&hide_related=false&show_comments=true&show_user=true&show_reposts=false\" width=\"100%\" height=\"166\" iframe=\"true\" /]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>He loves adobo, sinigang and lumpia. He grew up surrounded by his large extended family, whom he regularly saw at gatherings.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"Going to all these family parties and weddings and everything, you know you hear the older cousins talking to aunts and uncles, but you can't really join in,\" said Lim. \"I felt like they probably didn't respect the kids as much because we couldn't talk to them in their own language. That was, for me, the biggest,\u003ca href=\"http://theracecardproject.com/i-cant-speak-my-own-language/\"> most emotional regret\u003c/a> that I have. It's the most emotional component, for me, of being Filipino.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_10761085\" class=\"wp-caption alignright\" style=\"max-width: 400px\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2015/11/IMG_85971.jpg\">\u003cimg class=\"wp-image-10761085 size-thumbnail\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2015/11/IMG_85971-400x267.jpg\" alt=\"Dominic Lim, 41, is first generation Filipino-American. He grew up never learning to speak his family's native dialect, Tagalog. \" width=\"400\" height=\"267\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2015/11/IMG_85971-400x267.jpg 400w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2015/11/IMG_85971-800x533.jpg 800w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2015/11/IMG_85971-1440x960.jpg 1440w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2015/11/IMG_85971-1920x1280.jpg 1920w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2015/11/IMG_85971-1180x787.jpg 1180w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2015/11/IMG_85971-960x640.jpg 960w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 400px) 100vw, 400px\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Dominic Lim, 41, is first-generation Filipino-American. He grew up never learning to speak his family's native dialect, Tagalog. \u003ccite>(Ericka Cruz Guevarra/KQED)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>It was this language barrier that made him question what it meant to be Filipino in America, a situation \u003ca href=\"http://www.herculture.org/blog/2014/6/18/z7a2iwaic5tevj28pxt4uu8hd4pm7c#.VjqxIyuYHaI\">not uncommon\u003c/a> among Filipino-Americans (including me). According to the most recent\u003ca href=\"http://www.advancingjustice-la.org/system/files/Communities_of_Contrast_California_2013.pdf\"> U.S. Census data\u003c/a>, only about half of the 1.4 million Filipinos in California speak Tagalog, Ilocano or Visayan.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Even though I’ve always been proud of being Filipino, I had never really questioned the facets of one's own racial identity,” said Lim. “But I always thought that the language component of it was sort of the one piece I was lacking.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>While he can understand the language, he often wondered about the stories or conversations he missed out on with his family because he couldn’t speak it back. He tried learning on his own in his 20s, but nothing ever really stuck. He wondered, for a long time, why his parents never taught him the language in the first place.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>The 'Benefits' of Speaking English\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Lim now works as a paralegal at a biotech firm in Emeryville. He was a successful student, in part because his mother was very keen on perfecting his English.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>His mother, Consuelo Tokita, is a small woman with a strong Filipino accent. She taught English in the Philippines before the family moved to the United States in 1975, but knew that there was no way that she'd be allowed to teach it here because of her accent.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“I know for everybody coming here to the United States, it's always a struggle,\" said Tokita. \"There’s always that portion of being scared. Will my husband get a job? Will I be able to get a job myself? How will I take care of my baby? How will I feed him? Things like that came to my mind.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_10754897\" class=\"wp-caption alignleft\" style=\"max-width: 400px\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2015/11/IMG_9608-e1447698778981.jpg\">\u003cimg class=\"size-thumbnail wp-image-10754897\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2015/11/IMG_9608-e1447698778981-400x275.jpg\" alt=\"From left to right: Dominic's brother John, Connie, and Dominic at 8 years old.\" width=\"400\" height=\"275\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2015/11/IMG_9608-e1447698778981-400x275.jpg 400w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2015/11/IMG_9608-e1447698778981-800x549.jpg 800w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2015/11/IMG_9608-e1447698778981-1440x989.jpg 1440w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2015/11/IMG_9608-e1447698778981-1920x1318.jpg 1920w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2015/11/IMG_9608-e1447698778981-1180x810.jpg 1180w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2015/11/IMG_9608-e1447698778981-960x659.jpg 960w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 400px) 100vw, 400px\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">From left to right: Dominic's brother Joseph, Consuelo and Dominic at 8 years old. \u003ccite>(Courtesy of Consuelo Tokita)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>For Tokita, being tough about learning English was all about assimilating, and protecting her four kids.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“The fact that I could read, even before I went into kindergarten, really set in motion my academic track throughout my entire life. ... It was really important for my mom to do that for me,” said Lim.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Upon arriving to the United States, the family settled down in Newport News, Virginia, where Tokita said she experienced discrimination everywhere from the streets to church.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Tokita's husband, who passed away in 2005, lost his job 13 times, partly because he had difficulty socializing and speaking English.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“There were regrets also on my part, and I had wished that I had exposed (the kids) to Tagalog,” she said. “But the benefits of talking in English are larger than speaking to them in our language.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Lily Wong Fillmore, a professor emerita of education at the University of California at Berkeley, studies the benefits of bilingualism. She says there is a lot to gain from knowing more than one language.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"Children are naturally endowed with the capacity to learn as many languages as they have opportunity and social support for learning,\" said Fillmore. \"Recent \u003ca href=\"http://www.theguardian.com/science/2011/feb/18/bilingual-alzheimers-brain-power-multitasking\">research\u003c/a> in Canada indicates that full bilingualism may even confer some protection against memory loss in old age. The evidence is very strong that bilingualism endows children with greater intellectual flexibility and advantages that may last throughout their lives.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cb>A \u003c/b>\u003cstrong>Residual\u003c/strong> \u003cb>Effect of Colonialism \u003c/b>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Lily Ann Villaraza is a historian who specializes in Philippine and Southeast Asian history. She is also the chair of the \u003ca href=\"http://www.ccsf.edu/en/educational-programs/school-and-departments/school-of-behavioral-and-social-sciences/philippine-studies.html\">Philippine Studies Department\u003c/a> at City College of San Francisco, the only department in the country with faculty and a department chair solely focused on the study of the Philippines.\u003c/p>\n\u003caside class=\"pullquote alignright\">'Listening to my grandmother speak to me in Tagalog and having to sit there and be like, ‘I don’t know what you’re talking about,’ kind of gave me this sense of disconnection with culture.' \u003ccite>Vicenta Asuncion\u003c/cite>\u003c/aside>\n\u003cp>Villaraza said that a Filipino immigrant family's reluctance to teach a native language is a residual effect of American colonialism, whereby Filipinos were taught to believe that English was the only linguistic gateway to success.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Parents and grandparents who’ve come here have been convinced that their children and grandchildren only need to know English to be successful,” said Villaraza. “(But) if you learn the language and are able to communicate with people in their primary language, whether it be Tagalog, Ilonggo or whatever, there’s an immediate 'Oh!' and there's an opening up, and a greater willingness to share. And I think that’s what a lot of Fil-Ams are looking for.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cb>Language and Identity \u003c/b>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Niel Calara, 18, was born in the Philippines and immigrated to the United States when he was 15. He knows how to speak Tagalog, but generally chooses not to speak it.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“English became a big part of me,” said Calara, who is in his first year at City College of San Francisco. \"Apparently people think I'm whitewashed because I speak English at home.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Calara was overwhelmed by the United States when he arrived, but he was also fascinated by it. He watched American movies all his life and even contemplated majoring in English. He shifted to English as his primary language, even at home, where his parents continued to speak their native dialect.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But in the process of learning about American culture, the undeniable aspects of his Filipino identity only became more apparent to him.\u003c/p>\n\u003caside class=\"pullquote alignleft\">'What I think (people) need to realize is that language is one of the most important gateways for people to have a deeper understanding of who they are and the cultures that they come from.'\u003cbr>\n\u003ccite>Lily Ann Villaraza, department chair of Philippine Studies at City College of San Francisco\u003c/cite>\u003c/aside>\n\u003cp>“I started to imitate them and participate in their culture. But like, if I think about it, I look so different from them,” he said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In his attempt to assimilate in the way that Lim’s mother hoped her children would, Calara found himself realizing the differences he \u003cem>couldn't\u003c/em> hide from, no matter how good his English was.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“What do I represent, you know? Because I can't just say 'I’m white' because I know how to speak English properly. I can't just say that because I represent something. There's something about me that's original. And I began to question that.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>It was here that Calara began to appreciate those differences.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“For me, I feel like I valued my culture once I arrived here,” said Calara. “I never got to learn the actual value we had, and I thought it was beautiful.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Language as a Bridge\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Vicenta Asuncion, 25, sat in the front of Villaraza’s Filipino Family class at City College of San Francisco. A second-generation Filipina-American, Asuncion lived in Alabama for a few years, where she had something of an identity crisis.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“I didn’t know who I was, because I was the only one with chinky eyes,” she said. “Growing up, I thought I was just a brown white girl.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Then she moved back to Daly City with her grandparents, whose primary language was Tagalog. It was there that her grandparents would teach her about Filipino culture. But in order to learn from them, she said, she knew she had to be able to communicate with them in their language.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Listening to my grandmother speak to me in Tagalog and having to sit there and be like, ‘I don’t know what you’re talking about,’ kind of gave me this sense of disconnection with culture.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Asuncion began taking Tagalog classes in the second grade. Now, she speaks Ilocano, Tagalog and Visayan.\u003c/p>\n\u003caside class=\"pullquote alignright\">'But if there has been any regret, it’s because I couldn’t talk to the people I probably should’ve talked to, about the things that might have been important.' \u003ccite>Dominic Lim\u003c/cite>\u003c/aside>\n\u003cp>“Finally being able to communicate with my grandmother, instead of her getting frustrated trying to explain stuff to me in English because she doesn't speak English very well, being able to hear her and understand everything she's saying and being able to articulate my answers to her just made everything so much better for me,\" Asuncion said. \"Language is how you get a foot in the door with culture.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>As for Dominic Lim, he doesn’t think that there’s enough cultural support from the Filipino-American community that stresses learning native Filipino languages. Villaraza is working to change that.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“What I think (people) need to realize is that language is one of the most important gateways for people to have a deeper understanding of who they are and the cultures that they come from,” said Villaraza. “And to not discount that, to believe that there is value in learning Filipino but also retaining the language.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Lim said he doesn’t think he’ll ever be able to reconcile never learning his parents' native language. His mother reminds him that it’s never too late to learn. But in some ways, he says, it is.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad floatright]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“I think the politics and the relationship between the Philippines and the United States is a long one, and that's not really our job to sort that out,\" Lim said. \"But if there has been any regret, it’s because I couldn't talk to the people I probably should've talked to, about the things that might have been important.”\u003c/p>\n\n",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>When it came time for Dominic Lim to pick a language to study in high school, he chose French. He chose it not because he was particularly interested in the language, but because the only other option was Spanish.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"I consciously picked French because I didn't want to learn Spanish and then feel bad that I was learning Spanish, which was so similar to Tagalog ...\" said Lim. \"I know that's very bizarre but it's like, if I learned French then I wouldn't feel so bad that I didn't learn Tagalog.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Lim, 41, is first-generation Filipino-American. He never learned to speak his family's native language, Tagalog.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003cdiv class='utils-parseShortcode-shortcodes-__shortcodes__shortcodeWrapper'>\n \u003ciframe width='100%' height='166'\n scrolling='no' frameborder='no'\n src='https://w.soundcloud.com/player/?url=https://api.soundcloud.com/tracks/249102122&visual=true&color=ff5500&auto_play=false&hide_related=false&show_comments=true&show_user=true&show_reposts=false'\n title='https://api.soundcloud.com/tracks/249102122'>\n \u003c/iframe>\n \u003c/div>\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>He loves adobo, sinigang and lumpia. He grew up surrounded by his large extended family, whom he regularly saw at gatherings.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"Going to all these family parties and weddings and everything, you know you hear the older cousins talking to aunts and uncles, but you can't really join in,\" said Lim. \"I felt like they probably didn't respect the kids as much because we couldn't talk to them in their own language. That was, for me, the biggest,\u003ca href=\"http://theracecardproject.com/i-cant-speak-my-own-language/\"> most emotional regret\u003c/a> that I have. It's the most emotional component, for me, of being Filipino.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_10761085\" class=\"wp-caption alignright\" style=\"max-width: 400px\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2015/11/IMG_85971.jpg\">\u003cimg class=\"wp-image-10761085 size-thumbnail\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2015/11/IMG_85971-400x267.jpg\" alt=\"Dominic Lim, 41, is first generation Filipino-American. He grew up never learning to speak his family's native dialect, Tagalog. \" width=\"400\" height=\"267\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2015/11/IMG_85971-400x267.jpg 400w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2015/11/IMG_85971-800x533.jpg 800w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2015/11/IMG_85971-1440x960.jpg 1440w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2015/11/IMG_85971-1920x1280.jpg 1920w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2015/11/IMG_85971-1180x787.jpg 1180w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2015/11/IMG_85971-960x640.jpg 960w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 400px) 100vw, 400px\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Dominic Lim, 41, is first-generation Filipino-American. He grew up never learning to speak his family's native dialect, Tagalog. \u003ccite>(Ericka Cruz Guevarra/KQED)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>It was this language barrier that made him question what it meant to be Filipino in America, a situation \u003ca href=\"http://www.herculture.org/blog/2014/6/18/z7a2iwaic5tevj28pxt4uu8hd4pm7c#.VjqxIyuYHaI\">not uncommon\u003c/a> among Filipino-Americans (including me). According to the most recent\u003ca href=\"http://www.advancingjustice-la.org/system/files/Communities_of_Contrast_California_2013.pdf\"> U.S. Census data\u003c/a>, only about half of the 1.4 million Filipinos in California speak Tagalog, Ilocano or Visayan.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Even though I’ve always been proud of being Filipino, I had never really questioned the facets of one's own racial identity,” said Lim. “But I always thought that the language component of it was sort of the one piece I was lacking.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>While he can understand the language, he often wondered about the stories or conversations he missed out on with his family because he couldn’t speak it back. He tried learning on his own in his 20s, but nothing ever really stuck. He wondered, for a long time, why his parents never taught him the language in the first place.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>The 'Benefits' of Speaking English\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Lim now works as a paralegal at a biotech firm in Emeryville. He was a successful student, in part because his mother was very keen on perfecting his English.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>His mother, Consuelo Tokita, is a small woman with a strong Filipino accent. She taught English in the Philippines before the family moved to the United States in 1975, but knew that there was no way that she'd be allowed to teach it here because of her accent.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“I know for everybody coming here to the United States, it's always a struggle,\" said Tokita. \"There’s always that portion of being scared. Will my husband get a job? Will I be able to get a job myself? How will I take care of my baby? How will I feed him? Things like that came to my mind.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_10754897\" class=\"wp-caption alignleft\" style=\"max-width: 400px\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2015/11/IMG_9608-e1447698778981.jpg\">\u003cimg class=\"size-thumbnail wp-image-10754897\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2015/11/IMG_9608-e1447698778981-400x275.jpg\" alt=\"From left to right: Dominic's brother John, Connie, and Dominic at 8 years old.\" width=\"400\" height=\"275\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2015/11/IMG_9608-e1447698778981-400x275.jpg 400w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2015/11/IMG_9608-e1447698778981-800x549.jpg 800w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2015/11/IMG_9608-e1447698778981-1440x989.jpg 1440w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2015/11/IMG_9608-e1447698778981-1920x1318.jpg 1920w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2015/11/IMG_9608-e1447698778981-1180x810.jpg 1180w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2015/11/IMG_9608-e1447698778981-960x659.jpg 960w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 400px) 100vw, 400px\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">From left to right: Dominic's brother Joseph, Consuelo and Dominic at 8 years old. \u003ccite>(Courtesy of Consuelo Tokita)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>For Tokita, being tough about learning English was all about assimilating, and protecting her four kids.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“The fact that I could read, even before I went into kindergarten, really set in motion my academic track throughout my entire life. ... It was really important for my mom to do that for me,” said Lim.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Upon arriving to the United States, the family settled down in Newport News, Virginia, where Tokita said she experienced discrimination everywhere from the streets to church.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Tokita's husband, who passed away in 2005, lost his job 13 times, partly because he had difficulty socializing and speaking English.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“There were regrets also on my part, and I had wished that I had exposed (the kids) to Tagalog,” she said. “But the benefits of talking in English are larger than speaking to them in our language.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Lily Wong Fillmore, a professor emerita of education at the University of California at Berkeley, studies the benefits of bilingualism. She says there is a lot to gain from knowing more than one language.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"Children are naturally endowed with the capacity to learn as many languages as they have opportunity and social support for learning,\" said Fillmore. \"Recent \u003ca href=\"http://www.theguardian.com/science/2011/feb/18/bilingual-alzheimers-brain-power-multitasking\">research\u003c/a> in Canada indicates that full bilingualism may even confer some protection against memory loss in old age. The evidence is very strong that bilingualism endows children with greater intellectual flexibility and advantages that may last throughout their lives.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cb>A \u003c/b>\u003cstrong>Residual\u003c/strong> \u003cb>Effect of Colonialism \u003c/b>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Lily Ann Villaraza is a historian who specializes in Philippine and Southeast Asian history. She is also the chair of the \u003ca href=\"http://www.ccsf.edu/en/educational-programs/school-and-departments/school-of-behavioral-and-social-sciences/philippine-studies.html\">Philippine Studies Department\u003c/a> at City College of San Francisco, the only department in the country with faculty and a department chair solely focused on the study of the Philippines.\u003c/p>\n\u003caside class=\"pullquote alignright\">'Listening to my grandmother speak to me in Tagalog and having to sit there and be like, ‘I don’t know what you’re talking about,’ kind of gave me this sense of disconnection with culture.' \u003ccite>Vicenta Asuncion\u003c/cite>\u003c/aside>\n\u003cp>Villaraza said that a Filipino immigrant family's reluctance to teach a native language is a residual effect of American colonialism, whereby Filipinos were taught to believe that English was the only linguistic gateway to success.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Parents and grandparents who’ve come here have been convinced that their children and grandchildren only need to know English to be successful,” said Villaraza. “(But) if you learn the language and are able to communicate with people in their primary language, whether it be Tagalog, Ilonggo or whatever, there’s an immediate 'Oh!' and there's an opening up, and a greater willingness to share. And I think that’s what a lot of Fil-Ams are looking for.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cb>Language and Identity \u003c/b>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Niel Calara, 18, was born in the Philippines and immigrated to the United States when he was 15. He knows how to speak Tagalog, but generally chooses not to speak it.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“English became a big part of me,” said Calara, who is in his first year at City College of San Francisco. \"Apparently people think I'm whitewashed because I speak English at home.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Calara was overwhelmed by the United States when he arrived, but he was also fascinated by it. He watched American movies all his life and even contemplated majoring in English. He shifted to English as his primary language, even at home, where his parents continued to speak their native dialect.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But in the process of learning about American culture, the undeniable aspects of his Filipino identity only became more apparent to him.\u003c/p>\n\u003caside class=\"pullquote alignleft\">'What I think (people) need to realize is that language is one of the most important gateways for people to have a deeper understanding of who they are and the cultures that they come from.'\u003cbr>\n\u003ccite>Lily Ann Villaraza, department chair of Philippine Studies at City College of San Francisco\u003c/cite>\u003c/aside>\n\u003cp>“I started to imitate them and participate in their culture. But like, if I think about it, I look so different from them,” he said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In his attempt to assimilate in the way that Lim’s mother hoped her children would, Calara found himself realizing the differences he \u003cem>couldn't\u003c/em> hide from, no matter how good his English was.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“What do I represent, you know? Because I can't just say 'I’m white' because I know how to speak English properly. I can't just say that because I represent something. There's something about me that's original. And I began to question that.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>It was here that Calara began to appreciate those differences.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“For me, I feel like I valued my culture once I arrived here,” said Calara. “I never got to learn the actual value we had, and I thought it was beautiful.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Language as a Bridge\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Vicenta Asuncion, 25, sat in the front of Villaraza’s Filipino Family class at City College of San Francisco. A second-generation Filipina-American, Asuncion lived in Alabama for a few years, where she had something of an identity crisis.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“I didn’t know who I was, because I was the only one with chinky eyes,” she said. “Growing up, I thought I was just a brown white girl.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Then she moved back to Daly City with her grandparents, whose primary language was Tagalog. It was there that her grandparents would teach her about Filipino culture. But in order to learn from them, she said, she knew she had to be able to communicate with them in their language.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Listening to my grandmother speak to me in Tagalog and having to sit there and be like, ‘I don’t know what you’re talking about,’ kind of gave me this sense of disconnection with culture.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Asuncion began taking Tagalog classes in the second grade. Now, she speaks Ilocano, Tagalog and Visayan.\u003c/p>\n\u003caside class=\"pullquote alignright\">'But if there has been any regret, it’s because I couldn’t talk to the people I probably should’ve talked to, about the things that might have been important.' \u003ccite>Dominic Lim\u003c/cite>\u003c/aside>\n\u003cp>“Finally being able to communicate with my grandmother, instead of her getting frustrated trying to explain stuff to me in English because she doesn't speak English very well, being able to hear her and understand everything she's saying and being able to articulate my answers to her just made everything so much better for me,\" Asuncion said. \"Language is how you get a foot in the door with culture.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>As for Dominic Lim, he doesn’t think that there’s enough cultural support from the Filipino-American community that stresses learning native Filipino languages. Villaraza is working to change that.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“What I think (people) need to realize is that language is one of the most important gateways for people to have a deeper understanding of who they are and the cultures that they come from,” said Villaraza. “And to not discount that, to believe that there is value in learning Filipino but also retaining the language.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Lim said he doesn’t think he’ll ever be able to reconcile never learning his parents' native language. His mother reminds him that it’s never too late to learn. But in some ways, he says, it is.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“I think the politics and the relationship between the Philippines and the United States is a long one, and that's not really our job to sort that out,\" Lim said. \"But if there has been any regret, it’s because I couldn't talk to the people I probably should've talked to, about the things that might have been important.”\u003c/p>\n\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>",
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"disqusTitle": "Central Valley Teen Is Family's Only Vote -- But Will She Cast a Ballot?",
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"headTitle": "Election 2016 | The California Report | KQED News",
"content": "\u003cp>The soundtrack of Luis Medellin’s childhood was the sound of the orange and lemon harvest.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Early mornings, he’d hear the clink of farmworkers setting up tall ladders in the orchards to pick the fruit. On cold nights, giant wind machines would whirr to life, as farmers scrambled to warm up the trees. All day long, trucks would rumble past his house, hauling loads of fresh fruit to one of the nearby packinghouses.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[soundcloud url=\"https://api.soundcloud.com/tracks/248688389\" params=\"color=ff5500&auto_play=false&hide_related=false&show_comments=true&show_user=true&show_reposts=false\" width=\"100%\" height=\"166\" iframe=\"true\" /]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Medellin grew up in \u003ca href=\"http://www.lindsay.ca.us/\">Lindsay\u003c/a>, a largely Latino town in Tulare County, in the heart of the state’s citrus belt.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“The streets are all battered because of the heavy trucks that come by with oranges,” says Medellin, as he drives me around town in his minivan. “When I was little, I’d stand on the sidewalk, and hopefully they’d honk. There’s just so many trucks in this town, it’s crazy!”\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_10874616\" class=\"wp-caption alignleft\" style=\"max-width: 800px\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2016/02/select.jpg\" rel=\"attachment wp-att-10874616\">\u003cimg class=\"wp-image-10874616 size-medium\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2016/02/select-800x1346.jpg\" alt=\"Luis Medellin, 29, with his sister Amy Huerta, 18, in their backyard in Lindsay, California. Amy is the only one in her family who can cast a ballot this fall.\" width=\"800\" height=\"1346\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2016/02/select-800x1346.jpg 800w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2016/02/select-400x673.jpg 400w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2016/02/select.jpg 1920w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2016/02/select-1180x1986.jpg 1180w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2016/02/select-960x1616.jpg 960w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Luis Medellin, 29, with his sister, Amy Huerta, 18, in their backyard in Lindsay, California. Amy is the only one in her family who can cast a ballot this fall. \u003ccite>(Kerry Klein/KQED)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>On a clear day in winter, Lindsay boasts a spectacular view of the snow-covered Sierra and lush green foothills. But Medellin says Lindsay is a hardscrabble place.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Sure, it’s beautiful in the front, but on the backside there are people that go home late at night because they have to pay bills, or their kids go to school next to orange fields any given day when they’re spraying pesticides,” he says.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Medellin became a community activist when he was a teenager. He lobbied the county to help keep \u003ca href=\"http://www.pesticidereform.org/article.php?id=317\">pesticide drift\u003c/a> away from schools, and spoke up about air and water quality for people in Lindsay, which is now more than 85 percent Latino.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But for all his passion about community issues, Luis Medellin can’t vote. He’s undocumented.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>His three younger sisters were born in the United States. The oldest, Amy Huerta, is 18. We meet up over a dinner of Hamburger Helper in the family's kitchen.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Hey donut!” greets his sister, as Luis comes in the door from work. “Hey ugly!” he retorts.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“We’re a really open family,” he laughs. “We joke and do the occasional back-of-the-head slap.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But when we sit down to eat, Luis wants to talk about something serious.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“The way I feel is that in my household, Amy is our family’s voice. Because myself, I don’t have legal status, my parents don’t have legal status,” says Luis. “[We] depend on her, for our vote to count.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“I’m pretty sure you’re registered to vote, ’cuz you turned 18 last year,” he says, looking at Amy across the table.\u003cbr>\n[contextly_sidebar id=\"HsgQ52zlCeK8hgfqE0ScnS2oXmdtIl0i\"]\u003cbr>\n“Yeah, I did register to vote, when I got my California ID,” says Amy.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“And are you going to vote?” Luis asks.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“I don’t know,” laughs Amy. “I feel like sometimes my vote doesn’t count. Especially ’cuz right now, the generation is at a point where they don’t care. Most of us are not going to vote, we don’t care.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Amy does care about art. She draws fantasy characters like dragons and aliens. She eventually wants to leave this farm town and go to Hollywood to do special effects. Now, she’s studying fine art at community college. She’s the first in her family to go to college, and she could be the first to vote. But she’s not sure.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“We’re not really well informed in some of the laws, what’s going down,” she tells Luis.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“So the issues are what get you guys?” Luis asks. \"The issues of who’s running, what measures -- that’s what confuses this generation. But yet, there’s so much information. I think it’s just not to be lazy. The information is there. Read it.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Amy says she’s used to Luis and other people in her family giving her advice and urging her to pay attention to politics.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“I’ve been growing up in this whole environment, going to community meetings and protests with my brother,\" she says. \"He always speaks the truth about what he feels. Sometimes, I reflect, and realize he has a point. But I don’t always take his side. We both have different minds.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The fact that young people like Amy Huerta may chose not to vote upsets the city’s first Latina mayor, Ramona Villarreal-Padilla. She won her place on the City Council in the 2012 election, when just 949 voters in Lindsay, a town of 12,000, cast a ballot.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_10874563\" class=\"wp-caption alignnone\" style=\"max-width: 1920px\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2016/02/registered-turnout.jpg\" rel=\"attachment wp-att-10874563\">\u003cimg class=\"wp-image-10874563 size-full\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2016/02/registered-turnout.jpg\" alt=\"registered-turnout\" width=\"1920\" height=\"1015\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2016/02/registered-turnout.jpg 1920w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2016/02/registered-turnout-400x211.jpg 400w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2016/02/registered-turnout-800x423.jpg 800w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2016/02/registered-turnout-1180x624.jpg 1180w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2016/02/registered-turnout-960x508.jpg 960w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 1920px) 100vw, 1920px\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Tulare County is one of California’s most impoverished regions. There is a gap between eligible and registered voters though, especially when it comes to Latinos.\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>“I won by maybe 50 votes. We really need to have the young people go out there and vote,” says Padilla. “If you think about it, if you’re the future generation that’s coming up, and you decide that you don’t want to, then lots of other people are going to be making choices for you.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>We’ll check in with Mayor Padilla, as well as Amy Huerta and other young eligible voters in Lindsay, over the coming months as part of our “California Counts” election collaboration with KPBS, KPCC and Capital Public Radio.\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>California Counts is a collaboration of KPBS, KPCC, KQED and Capital Public Radio to report on the 2016 election. The coverage focuses on major issues and solicits diverse voices on what's important to the future of California.\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>Copyright 2016 KQED. To see more election coverage, visit\u003ca href=\"http://kqed.org/election2016\">kqed.org/election2016.\u003c/a>\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\n",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>The soundtrack of Luis Medellin’s childhood was the sound of the orange and lemon harvest.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Early mornings, he’d hear the clink of farmworkers setting up tall ladders in the orchards to pick the fruit. On cold nights, giant wind machines would whirr to life, as farmers scrambled to warm up the trees. All day long, trucks would rumble past his house, hauling loads of fresh fruit to one of the nearby packinghouses.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003cdiv class='utils-parseShortcode-shortcodes-__shortcodes__shortcodeWrapper'>\n \u003ciframe width='100%' height='166'\n scrolling='no' frameborder='no'\n src='https://w.soundcloud.com/player/?url=https://api.soundcloud.com/tracks/248688389&visual=true&color=ff5500&auto_play=false&hide_related=false&show_comments=true&show_user=true&show_reposts=false'\n title='https://api.soundcloud.com/tracks/248688389'>\n \u003c/iframe>\n \u003c/div>\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Medellin grew up in \u003ca href=\"http://www.lindsay.ca.us/\">Lindsay\u003c/a>, a largely Latino town in Tulare County, in the heart of the state’s citrus belt.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“The streets are all battered because of the heavy trucks that come by with oranges,” says Medellin, as he drives me around town in his minivan. “When I was little, I’d stand on the sidewalk, and hopefully they’d honk. There’s just so many trucks in this town, it’s crazy!”\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_10874616\" class=\"wp-caption alignleft\" style=\"max-width: 800px\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2016/02/select.jpg\" rel=\"attachment wp-att-10874616\">\u003cimg class=\"wp-image-10874616 size-medium\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2016/02/select-800x1346.jpg\" alt=\"Luis Medellin, 29, with his sister Amy Huerta, 18, in their backyard in Lindsay, California. Amy is the only one in her family who can cast a ballot this fall.\" width=\"800\" height=\"1346\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2016/02/select-800x1346.jpg 800w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2016/02/select-400x673.jpg 400w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2016/02/select.jpg 1920w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2016/02/select-1180x1986.jpg 1180w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2016/02/select-960x1616.jpg 960w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Luis Medellin, 29, with his sister, Amy Huerta, 18, in their backyard in Lindsay, California. Amy is the only one in her family who can cast a ballot this fall. \u003ccite>(Kerry Klein/KQED)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>On a clear day in winter, Lindsay boasts a spectacular view of the snow-covered Sierra and lush green foothills. But Medellin says Lindsay is a hardscrabble place.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Sure, it’s beautiful in the front, but on the backside there are people that go home late at night because they have to pay bills, or their kids go to school next to orange fields any given day when they’re spraying pesticides,” he says.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Medellin became a community activist when he was a teenager. He lobbied the county to help keep \u003ca href=\"http://www.pesticidereform.org/article.php?id=317\">pesticide drift\u003c/a> away from schools, and spoke up about air and water quality for people in Lindsay, which is now more than 85 percent Latino.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But for all his passion about community issues, Luis Medellin can’t vote. He’s undocumented.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>His three younger sisters were born in the United States. The oldest, Amy Huerta, is 18. We meet up over a dinner of Hamburger Helper in the family's kitchen.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Hey donut!” greets his sister, as Luis comes in the door from work. “Hey ugly!” he retorts.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“We’re a really open family,” he laughs. “We joke and do the occasional back-of-the-head slap.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But when we sit down to eat, Luis wants to talk about something serious.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“The way I feel is that in my household, Amy is our family’s voice. Because myself, I don’t have legal status, my parents don’t have legal status,” says Luis. “[We] depend on her, for our vote to count.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“I’m pretty sure you’re registered to vote, ’cuz you turned 18 last year,” he says, looking at Amy across the table.\u003cbr>\n\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003cbr>\n“Yeah, I did register to vote, when I got my California ID,” says Amy.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“And are you going to vote?” Luis asks.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“I don’t know,” laughs Amy. “I feel like sometimes my vote doesn’t count. Especially ’cuz right now, the generation is at a point where they don’t care. Most of us are not going to vote, we don’t care.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Amy does care about art. She draws fantasy characters like dragons and aliens. She eventually wants to leave this farm town and go to Hollywood to do special effects. Now, she’s studying fine art at community college. She’s the first in her family to go to college, and she could be the first to vote. But she’s not sure.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“We’re not really well informed in some of the laws, what’s going down,” she tells Luis.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“So the issues are what get you guys?” Luis asks. \"The issues of who’s running, what measures -- that’s what confuses this generation. But yet, there’s so much information. I think it’s just not to be lazy. The information is there. Read it.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Amy says she’s used to Luis and other people in her family giving her advice and urging her to pay attention to politics.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“I’ve been growing up in this whole environment, going to community meetings and protests with my brother,\" she says. \"He always speaks the truth about what he feels. Sometimes, I reflect, and realize he has a point. But I don’t always take his side. We both have different minds.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The fact that young people like Amy Huerta may chose not to vote upsets the city’s first Latina mayor, Ramona Villarreal-Padilla. She won her place on the City Council in the 2012 election, when just 949 voters in Lindsay, a town of 12,000, cast a ballot.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_10874563\" class=\"wp-caption alignnone\" style=\"max-width: 1920px\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2016/02/registered-turnout.jpg\" rel=\"attachment wp-att-10874563\">\u003cimg class=\"wp-image-10874563 size-full\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2016/02/registered-turnout.jpg\" alt=\"registered-turnout\" width=\"1920\" height=\"1015\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2016/02/registered-turnout.jpg 1920w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2016/02/registered-turnout-400x211.jpg 400w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2016/02/registered-turnout-800x423.jpg 800w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2016/02/registered-turnout-1180x624.jpg 1180w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2016/02/registered-turnout-960x508.jpg 960w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 1920px) 100vw, 1920px\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Tulare County is one of California’s most impoverished regions. There is a gap between eligible and registered voters though, especially when it comes to Latinos.\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>“I won by maybe 50 votes. We really need to have the young people go out there and vote,” says Padilla. “If you think about it, if you’re the future generation that’s coming up, and you decide that you don’t want to, then lots of other people are going to be making choices for you.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>We’ll check in with Mayor Padilla, as well as Amy Huerta and other young eligible voters in Lindsay, over the coming months as part of our “California Counts” election collaboration with KPBS, KPCC and Capital Public Radio.\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>California Counts is a collaboration of KPBS, KPCC, KQED and Capital Public Radio to report on the 2016 election. The coverage focuses on major issues and solicits diverse voices on what's important to the future of California.\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>Copyright 2016 KQED. To see more election coverage, visit\u003ca href=\"http://kqed.org/election2016\">kqed.org/election2016.\u003c/a>\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>",
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"disqusTitle": "Man Reports Car Stolen, Ends Up in Deportation Limbo",
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"content": "\u003cp>\u003cem>\u003cstrong>Update, 1:24 p.m. on Feb. 17:\u003c/strong> Pedro Figueroa was released on bail from an ICE detention center on Feb. 3. Also, the San Francisco Police Department initially denied that it had cooperated with federal immigration agents. But an internal ICE document shows that the police and sheriff were in direct communication with ICE about Figueroa.\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Pedro Figueroa recently reported to San Francisco police that his car had been stolen. When it was recovered, the police summoned Figueroa to a neighborhood station, where they asked for proof that he owned the car. They also ran his name to check for warrants.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"And they come up with a hit on a warrant in the criminal justice system,\" San Francisco Sheriff Vicki Hennessy says.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The police had called her agency for help to check for what's known as a failure-to-appear warrant issued by Immigration and Customs Enforcement. It turned out that Figueroa, 31, was in this country illegally. So a sheriff's clerk called the feds. But Hennessy said no one seemed to know what the warrant was for. Since the police didn't have enough information to hold Figueroa, they decided to release him. And that's when Figueroa's story really got complicated.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"And then my understanding is, there was an agent outside the police station that then picked him up,\" Hennessy says.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c!-- iframe plugin v.4.3 wordpress.org/plugins/iframe/ -->\u003cbr>\n\u003ciframe src=\"http://www.npr.org/player/embed/465278302/466898745\" width=\"100%\" height=\"290\" frameborder=\"0\" scrolling=\"no\" title=\"NPR embedded audio player\" class=\"iframe-class\">\u003c/iframe>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>This situation has brought San Francisco's sanctuary city law under scrutiny again. Local law enforcement officials are forbidden from cooperating with federal immigration authorities, except in the cases of violent felons. The law \u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/news/2015/07/06/kate-steinle-shooting-opens-can-of-worms-on-san-francisco-immigration-policy\">came under fire\u003c/a> from critics after the \u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/news/tag/kate-steinle\" target=\"_blank\">shooting death of Kate Steinle\u003c/a> last July at the hands of a man who was in this country illegally and had been deported multiple times. In the curious case of Figueroa, supporters of the law say the police may have undermined it.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Local law enforcement wasn't supposed to contact the feds about Figueroa, says his attorney, Zachary Nightingale.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"I think that Pedro went into the police station honestly believing he had nothing to worry about, that he would collect his stolen car as a crime victim,\" Nightingale says.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>A spokesman for the San Francisco Police Department was adamant that his agency did not cooperate with federal immigration agents. In a statement released by ICE, the agency said Figueroa was arrested based on his conviction for a misdemeanor DUI and an outstanding deportation order dating back to 2005.\u003c/p>\n\u003caside class=\"pullquote alignright\">'He expected a notice. They didn't have a notice to send him. But they ordered him deported anyways, even though they knew they had never sent him a notice.'\u003ccite>Attorney Zachary Nightingale\u003c/cite>\u003c/aside>\n\u003cp>But when Figueroa's lawyers looked into why he was ordered deported, they found an odd and complex story. In 2005, Figueroa came to the United States seeking asylum after being threatened by gangs in his native El Salvador. Immigration authorities released him from custody pending a hearing. But his case fell through the cracks. Figueroa never knew that ICE tried to deport him because the government never called him to a hearing. And apparently he didn't ask why.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Nightingale says the immigration system is riddled with due process problems. \"He expected a notice. They didn't have a notice to send him. But they ordered him deported anyways, even though they knew they had never sent him a notice,\" he says.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>An immigration judge in Texas acknowledged there was an error in Figueroa's case and agreed to reopen it. The case also reopens the local debate about San Francisco's sanctuary city law. Immigration advocates said someone in the police or sheriff's department dropped the dime on Figueroa. Hennessy denied that.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[contextly_sidebar id=\"N560sy4r2BrHcqi47qG6y4Qn7Xhm9KT2\"]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"No, it's not an attack on sanctuary city. I believe in the sanctuary city policies the way they're written now. But I do think there's room for some discretion in looking at particular people with convictions for violent felonies that may come into our custody,\" Hennessy says.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But Figueroa has no history of violence. His DUI was a misdemeanor, not a violent felony. San Francisco Supervisor John Avalos worried that the Figueroa case could dissuade unauthorized immigrants from ever talking with the police.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"And we know that if a person who is an immigrant, undocumented, is a witness or victim of a crime, if he or she feels that by talking to law enforcement they'll get caught up in the justice system, they're going to be silent,\" Avalos says.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>For now, Pedro Figueroa sits in an ICE detention center just east of San Francisco. The immigration court considers his case to be such a priority that it has scheduled a hearing, based on his original asylum claim, for November 2019.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Copyright 2016 NPR. To see more, visit http://www.npr.org/.\u003c/p>\n\n",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>\u003cem>\u003cstrong>Update, 1:24 p.m. on Feb. 17:\u003c/strong> Pedro Figueroa was released on bail from an ICE detention center on Feb. 3. Also, the San Francisco Police Department initially denied that it had cooperated with federal immigration agents. But an internal ICE document shows that the police and sheriff were in direct communication with ICE about Figueroa.\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Pedro Figueroa recently reported to San Francisco police that his car had been stolen. When it was recovered, the police summoned Figueroa to a neighborhood station, where they asked for proof that he owned the car. They also ran his name to check for warrants.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"And they come up with a hit on a warrant in the criminal justice system,\" San Francisco Sheriff Vicki Hennessy says.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The police had called her agency for help to check for what's known as a failure-to-appear warrant issued by Immigration and Customs Enforcement. It turned out that Figueroa, 31, was in this country illegally. So a sheriff's clerk called the feds. But Hennessy said no one seemed to know what the warrant was for. Since the police didn't have enough information to hold Figueroa, they decided to release him. And that's when Figueroa's story really got complicated.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"And then my understanding is, there was an agent outside the police station that then picked him up,\" Hennessy says.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c!-- iframe plugin v.4.3 wordpress.org/plugins/iframe/ -->\u003cbr>\n\u003ciframe src=\"http://www.npr.org/player/embed/465278302/466898745\" width=\"100%\" height=\"290\" frameborder=\"0\" scrolling=\"no\" title=\"NPR embedded audio player\" class=\"iframe-class\">\u003c/iframe>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>This situation has brought San Francisco's sanctuary city law under scrutiny again. Local law enforcement officials are forbidden from cooperating with federal immigration authorities, except in the cases of violent felons. The law \u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/news/2015/07/06/kate-steinle-shooting-opens-can-of-worms-on-san-francisco-immigration-policy\">came under fire\u003c/a> from critics after the \u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/news/tag/kate-steinle\" target=\"_blank\">shooting death of Kate Steinle\u003c/a> last July at the hands of a man who was in this country illegally and had been deported multiple times. In the curious case of Figueroa, supporters of the law say the police may have undermined it.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Local law enforcement wasn't supposed to contact the feds about Figueroa, says his attorney, Zachary Nightingale.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"I think that Pedro went into the police station honestly believing he had nothing to worry about, that he would collect his stolen car as a crime victim,\" Nightingale says.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>A spokesman for the San Francisco Police Department was adamant that his agency did not cooperate with federal immigration agents. In a statement released by ICE, the agency said Figueroa was arrested based on his conviction for a misdemeanor DUI and an outstanding deportation order dating back to 2005.\u003c/p>\n\u003caside class=\"pullquote alignright\">'He expected a notice. They didn't have a notice to send him. But they ordered him deported anyways, even though they knew they had never sent him a notice.'\u003ccite>Attorney Zachary Nightingale\u003c/cite>\u003c/aside>\n\u003cp>But when Figueroa's lawyers looked into why he was ordered deported, they found an odd and complex story. In 2005, Figueroa came to the United States seeking asylum after being threatened by gangs in his native El Salvador. Immigration authorities released him from custody pending a hearing. But his case fell through the cracks. Figueroa never knew that ICE tried to deport him because the government never called him to a hearing. And apparently he didn't ask why.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Nightingale says the immigration system is riddled with due process problems. \"He expected a notice. They didn't have a notice to send him. But they ordered him deported anyways, even though they knew they had never sent him a notice,\" he says.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>An immigration judge in Texas acknowledged there was an error in Figueroa's case and agreed to reopen it. The case also reopens the local debate about San Francisco's sanctuary city law. Immigration advocates said someone in the police or sheriff's department dropped the dime on Figueroa. Hennessy denied that.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"No, it's not an attack on sanctuary city. I believe in the sanctuary city policies the way they're written now. But I do think there's room for some discretion in looking at particular people with convictions for violent felonies that may come into our custody,\" Hennessy says.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But Figueroa has no history of violence. His DUI was a misdemeanor, not a violent felony. San Francisco Supervisor John Avalos worried that the Figueroa case could dissuade unauthorized immigrants from ever talking with the police.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"And we know that if a person who is an immigrant, undocumented, is a witness or victim of a crime, if he or she feels that by talking to law enforcement they'll get caught up in the justice system, they're going to be silent,\" Avalos says.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>For now, Pedro Figueroa sits in an ICE detention center just east of San Francisco. The immigration court considers his case to be such a priority that it has scheduled a hearing, based on his original asylum claim, for November 2019.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Copyright 2016 NPR. To see more, visit http://www.npr.org/.\u003c/p>\n\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>",
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"slug": "silicon-valleys-indian-community-pushes-to-reform-h1b-visa-program",
"title": "Silicon Valley's Indian Community Pushes to Reform H1B Visa Program",
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"content": "\u003cp>The H1B visa is such a big deal for the Indian expatriate community in Silicon Valley that immigration lawyer Madhuri Nemali has been able to build her business around it. Nemali says over half of her clients are Indian nationals struggling with some aspect of the visa program.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The H1B is a temporary work permit that’s intended for those with highly specialized skills, like computer engineering. Workers from India receive far more H1Bs than people from any other country — some years, nearly 10 times as many as workers from China, \u003ca href=\"https://www.uscis.gov/sites/default/files/USCIS/Resources/Reports%20and%20Studies/H-1B/h-1B-characteristics-report-14.pdf\">who are second on the list\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Hundreds of thousands of Indian expats hold H1B visas. Many live in Silicon Valley, and many feel the H1B program has major problems no one is addressing.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[soundcloud url=”https://api.soundcloud.com/tracks/247562281″ params=”color=ff5500&auto_play=false&hide_related=false&show_comments=true&show_user=true&show_reposts=false” width=”100%” height=”166″ iframe=”true” /]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Nemali says clients come to her office in San Jose with all kinds of H1B issues. Many have trouble getting one. Some who hold the visa are being taken advantage of by their employers. Others have put down roots but now can’t get a green card, which is proof of permanent residency. The H1B visa affects the whole Indian community, Nemali says.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_10861405\" class=\"wp-caption alignleft\" style=\"max-width: 380px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\" wp-image-10861405\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2016/02/Madhuri-Nemali-KQED-Pic-800x486.jpg\" alt=\"Madhuri Nemali says over half her clients are Indians struggling with H1B visas\" width=\"380\" height=\"231\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2016/02/Madhuri-Nemali-KQED-Pic-800x486.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2016/02/Madhuri-Nemali-KQED-Pic-400x243.jpg 400w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2016/02/Madhuri-Nemali-KQED-Pic-768x466.jpg 768w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2016/02/Madhuri-Nemali-KQED-Pic-1440x874.jpg 1440w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2016/02/Madhuri-Nemali-KQED-Pic-1920x1165.jpg 1920w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2016/02/Madhuri-Nemali-KQED-Pic-1180x716.jpg 1180w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2016/02/Madhuri-Nemali-KQED-Pic-960x583.jpg 960w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 380px) 100vw, 380px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Madhuri Nemali says over half her clients are Indians struggling with H1B visas \u003ccite>(Madhuri Nemali)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>“It’s kind of one of those solidarity things,” Nemali says. “You’re either going through it personally, or you know someone who is going through it.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>There is so much discontent about the visa that some Indians on H1Bs, like Avinash Conda, are trying to change the system.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Conda is a marketing manager. He says that, unlike with most people, the visa has worked well for him. He came from India, finished graduate school in Kentucky and got an H1B to work at a small tech company. Now his current employer is sponsoring him for a green card.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“I wish my story wasn’t an anomaly,” Conda says. “I wish everyone had the path as easy as I had it.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>First, Conda says, H1Bs are hard to get. There’s a lottery, and sometimes just one of every three or four applicants succeeds. If you do get one, you are then dependent on an employer for sponsorship. Companies have been sued for abusing this leverage, doing illegal things like forcing employees to pay thousands in visa fees, or making them sign bondage contracts so they cannot quit without paying a bunch of cash.\u003c/p>\n\u003caside class=\"pullquote alignright\">‘It’s modern-day slavery, more or less.’\u003ccite>Avinash Conda,\u003cbr>\nH1B visa holder\u003c/cite>\u003c/aside>\n\u003cp>“It’s modern-day slavery, more or less,” Conda says.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Conda concedes that’s a bit of an overstatement. But he says it should be easier for H1B workers to become permanent residents so that they have more power in the workplace. He is writing to legislators and organizing with other foreign workers who he says are overlooked by politicians.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“None of the H1Bs are voters,” Conda says. “We’re hardly heard because we don’t matter at this point.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>One of the biggest advocates in the Indian community for overhauling the H1B visa is not a worker, but a tech businessman — Neeraj Gupta.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Like Conda, Gupta was also on an H1B once. He says worker abuse is the result of a bigger problem: The visa is no longer being used just to get top talent, but instead to outsource jobs.\u003c/p>\n\u003caside class=\"pullquote alignleft\">‘As you delve deeper into the data, it’s quite clear that a large majority of the use of the program is directed toward the outsourcing industry.’ \u003ccite>Neeraj Gupta,\u003cbr>\nVenture capitalist\u003c/cite>\u003c/aside>\n\u003cp>“As you delve deeper into the data,” Gupta says, “it’s quite clear that a large majority of the use of the program is directed toward the outsourcing industry.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Here is how the outsourcing works: Gupta says about 80 percent of H1B visas go to low-level IT workers at contracting companies you have probably never heard of, firms like Wipro and Infosys. This makes it harder for higher-skilled workers like Avinash Conda to win the H1B lottery.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Meanwhile, Gupta says American businesses lay off employees and hand over the work to IT contractors. Last year, Disney and Southern California Edison were in the news for \u003ca href=\"http://www.nytimes.com/2015/06/04/us/last-task-after-layoff-at-disney-train-foreign-replacements.html?_r=0\">replacing long-term employees with H1Bs.\u003c/a>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Gupta saw the tactic in action as an executive for a big outsourcing firm.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“I remember sitting in Washington, D.C., in 2008 with a proposal that was going to outsource 300 jobs,” he says.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The tech industry \u003ca href=\"http://audio.californiareport.org/archive/R201303220850/b\">has lobbied aggressively for more H1Bs\u003c/a>, saying there is not enough talent in the United States to fill jobs. Gupta doesn’t buy it. The outsourcing made him so queasy he founded his own IT staffing company, one that “in-sourced” — hired Americans and immigrants who had put down roots here.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“I believe there is an underutilized workforce here in the U.S.,” Gupta says, “Kids who could get much more meaningful jobs in the technology industry.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Gupta has testified before Congress, where reform efforts have failed again and again. He does not think the H1B will be revamped anytime soon, especially considering that we’re in an election year.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Madhuri Nemali is meeting with another client, a young college grad who needs an H1B to stay in the country. Nemali explains that there are not many options if she does not win the H1B lottery. The woman is sitting with her boyfriend, taking notes, writing down the important dates and key numbers. She cannot believe her fate is up to a random lottery.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Nemali says it makes sense that Indians are the ones speaking up about the H1B. More than anyone, they are experiencing the problems connected to this visa. Indians are on the frontlines Nemali says. It’s up to them to keep pushing for change.\u003c/p>\n\n",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>The H1B visa is such a big deal for the Indian expatriate community in Silicon Valley that immigration lawyer Madhuri Nemali has been able to build her business around it. Nemali says over half of her clients are Indian nationals struggling with some aspect of the visa program.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The H1B is a temporary work permit that’s intended for those with highly specialized skills, like computer engineering. Workers from India receive far more H1Bs than people from any other country — some years, nearly 10 times as many as workers from China, \u003ca href=\"https://www.uscis.gov/sites/default/files/USCIS/Resources/Reports%20and%20Studies/H-1B/h-1B-characteristics-report-14.pdf\">who are second on the list\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Hundreds of thousands of Indian expats hold H1B visas. Many live in Silicon Valley, and many feel the H1B program has major problems no one is addressing.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003cdiv class='utils-parseShortcode-shortcodes-__shortcodes__shortcodeWrapper'>\n \u003ciframe width='”100%”' height='”166″'\n scrolling='no' frameborder='no'\n src='https://w.soundcloud.com/player/?url=”https://api.soundcloud.com/tracks/247562281″&visual=true&”color=ff5500&auto_play=false&hide_related=false&show_comments=true&show_user=true&show_reposts=false”'\n title='”https://api.soundcloud.com/tracks/247562281″'>\n \u003c/iframe>\n \u003c/div>\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Nemali says clients come to her office in San Jose with all kinds of H1B issues. Many have trouble getting one. Some who hold the visa are being taken advantage of by their employers. Others have put down roots but now can’t get a green card, which is proof of permanent residency. The H1B visa affects the whole Indian community, Nemali says.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_10861405\" class=\"wp-caption alignleft\" style=\"max-width: 380px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\" wp-image-10861405\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2016/02/Madhuri-Nemali-KQED-Pic-800x486.jpg\" alt=\"Madhuri Nemali says over half her clients are Indians struggling with H1B visas\" width=\"380\" height=\"231\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2016/02/Madhuri-Nemali-KQED-Pic-800x486.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2016/02/Madhuri-Nemali-KQED-Pic-400x243.jpg 400w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2016/02/Madhuri-Nemali-KQED-Pic-768x466.jpg 768w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2016/02/Madhuri-Nemali-KQED-Pic-1440x874.jpg 1440w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2016/02/Madhuri-Nemali-KQED-Pic-1920x1165.jpg 1920w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2016/02/Madhuri-Nemali-KQED-Pic-1180x716.jpg 1180w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2016/02/Madhuri-Nemali-KQED-Pic-960x583.jpg 960w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 380px) 100vw, 380px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Madhuri Nemali says over half her clients are Indians struggling with H1B visas \u003ccite>(Madhuri Nemali)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>“It’s kind of one of those solidarity things,” Nemali says. “You’re either going through it personally, or you know someone who is going through it.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>There is so much discontent about the visa that some Indians on H1Bs, like Avinash Conda, are trying to change the system.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Conda is a marketing manager. He says that, unlike with most people, the visa has worked well for him. He came from India, finished graduate school in Kentucky and got an H1B to work at a small tech company. Now his current employer is sponsoring him for a green card.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“I wish my story wasn’t an anomaly,” Conda says. “I wish everyone had the path as easy as I had it.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>First, Conda says, H1Bs are hard to get. There’s a lottery, and sometimes just one of every three or four applicants succeeds. If you do get one, you are then dependent on an employer for sponsorship. Companies have been sued for abusing this leverage, doing illegal things like forcing employees to pay thousands in visa fees, or making them sign bondage contracts so they cannot quit without paying a bunch of cash.\u003c/p>\n\u003caside class=\"pullquote alignright\">‘It’s modern-day slavery, more or less.’\u003ccite>Avinash Conda,\u003cbr>\nH1B visa holder\u003c/cite>\u003c/aside>\n\u003cp>“It’s modern-day slavery, more or less,” Conda says.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Conda concedes that’s a bit of an overstatement. But he says it should be easier for H1B workers to become permanent residents so that they have more power in the workplace. He is writing to legislators and organizing with other foreign workers who he says are overlooked by politicians.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“None of the H1Bs are voters,” Conda says. “We’re hardly heard because we don’t matter at this point.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>One of the biggest advocates in the Indian community for overhauling the H1B visa is not a worker, but a tech businessman — Neeraj Gupta.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Like Conda, Gupta was also on an H1B once. He says worker abuse is the result of a bigger problem: The visa is no longer being used just to get top talent, but instead to outsource jobs.\u003c/p>\n\u003caside class=\"pullquote alignleft\">‘As you delve deeper into the data, it’s quite clear that a large majority of the use of the program is directed toward the outsourcing industry.’ \u003ccite>Neeraj Gupta,\u003cbr>\nVenture capitalist\u003c/cite>\u003c/aside>\n\u003cp>“As you delve deeper into the data,” Gupta says, “it’s quite clear that a large majority of the use of the program is directed toward the outsourcing industry.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Here is how the outsourcing works: Gupta says about 80 percent of H1B visas go to low-level IT workers at contracting companies you have probably never heard of, firms like Wipro and Infosys. This makes it harder for higher-skilled workers like Avinash Conda to win the H1B lottery.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Meanwhile, Gupta says American businesses lay off employees and hand over the work to IT contractors. Last year, Disney and Southern California Edison were in the news for \u003ca href=\"http://www.nytimes.com/2015/06/04/us/last-task-after-layoff-at-disney-train-foreign-replacements.html?_r=0\">replacing long-term employees with H1Bs.\u003c/a>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Gupta saw the tactic in action as an executive for a big outsourcing firm.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“I remember sitting in Washington, D.C., in 2008 with a proposal that was going to outsource 300 jobs,” he says.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The tech industry \u003ca href=\"http://audio.californiareport.org/archive/R201303220850/b\">has lobbied aggressively for more H1Bs\u003c/a>, saying there is not enough talent in the United States to fill jobs. Gupta doesn’t buy it. The outsourcing made him so queasy he founded his own IT staffing company, one that “in-sourced” — hired Americans and immigrants who had put down roots here.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“I believe there is an underutilized workforce here in the U.S.,” Gupta says, “Kids who could get much more meaningful jobs in the technology industry.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Gupta has testified before Congress, where reform efforts have failed again and again. He does not think the H1B will be revamped anytime soon, especially considering that we’re in an election year.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Madhuri Nemali is meeting with another client, a young college grad who needs an H1B to stay in the country. Nemali explains that there are not many options if she does not win the H1B lottery. The woman is sitting with her boyfriend, taking notes, writing down the important dates and key numbers. She cannot believe her fate is up to a random lottery.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Nemali says it makes sense that Indians are the ones speaking up about the H1B. More than anyone, they are experiencing the problems connected to this visa. Indians are on the frontlines Nemali says. It’s up to them to keep pushing for change.\u003c/p>\n\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>",
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"title": "GOP Assemblyman Rocky Chavez Drops His Senate Bid",
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"content": "\u003cp>Struggling for cash and mired in single digits in recent polls, Republican Assemblyman Rocky Chavez is ending his bid for the U.S. Senate. Instead, he’ll run for re-election to the Assembly.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Chavez announced his decision at the beginning of a radio debate at KOGO-AM in San Diego. His decision leaves two Republicans in the race to replace retiring Sen. Barbara Boxer.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c!-- iframe plugin v.4.3 wordpress.org/plugins/iframe/ -->\u003cbr>\n\u003ciframe loading=\"lazy\" src=\"http://www.sacbee.com/news/politics-government/capitol-alert/article59233138.html/video-embed\" width=\"640\" height=\"380\" frameborder=\"0\" scrolling=\"no\" allowfullscreen=\"true\" class=\"iframe-class\">\u003c/iframe>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Given the Republican Party’s “image problem” among Latinos, Chavez seemed like the kind of candidate the GOP would rally around. And yet his two main Republican rivals are both former party chairs. What did Chavez make of that?\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“That speaks for itself,” Chavez told me in a recent interview. “This election is not about insiders,” he said, citing support for Donald Trump and Bernie Sanders as evidence voters are looking for outsiders.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>When I pointed out that California currently has no statewide officeholders who are Republican, he said that other failed statewide candidates, presumably like Meg Whitman and Carly Fiorina, were flawed.\u003c/p>\n\u003caside class=\"pullquote alignright\">Chavez ends his campaign with $369 in cash and debts of $42,889.\u003c/aside>\n\u003cp>“The other candidates we had were nice people, but they were never elected and they do not reflect the complexity of California,” Chavez said. “Unlike me, born in L.A., worked the fields with my cousins around Fresno. Graduated from Chico State working in the packing plants and working in the almond fields. I’m not a silver-spoon person that gave a lot of money. I worked my way through.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Chavez was commissioned in the U.S. Marines in 1974, and he retired 10 days before the 9/11 terrorist attacks that led to wars in Afghanistan and Iraq. Two years later, Gov. Arnold Schwarzenegger chose Chavez to be undersecretary of the California Department of Veterans Affairs. He was elected to the state Assembly from Oceanside in 2012.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>When asked why he’s better prepared to represent California in the U.S. Senate than the two Democrats running — Rep. Loretta Sanchez and state Attorney General Kamala Harris — Chavez gave a surprising answer.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[contextly_sidebar id=”h7RULuaw5gJOzrbb5CeiBdvZGh3SVNiE”]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“I’m married,” Chavez said. “Three kids and five grandkids, unlike my opponents that don’t have kids. And I was a single parent. Try being a parent, try being a \u003cem>single\u003c/em> parent. Neither one of those ladies have ever experienced that and I have. And all three of my children have college degrees. And that’s called the California experience and dream.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Chavez seemed to recoil at the notion of being labeled a “Latino candidate.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“I never saw myself as a Latino Marine,” he said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>When asked about immigration reform, Chavez took a tortured path before finally saying he’d support a path to citizenship for undocumented immigrants.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“People are saying you need a path to citizenship, and I’m saying it’s a little more complex than that,” Chavez said. “If children are here and their parents have come here because of migration and the drive of jobs, they should be able to be here and be recognized. That’s not citizenship, that’s residency.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Criticizing anti-immigrant, pro-deportation statements from members of his own party, including Donald Trump, Chavez said “children shouldn’t have to worry at night if their father is going to be gone.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>As far as citizenship goes, he said “I wouldn’t allow anyone to the front of the line or support amnesty or anything else.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Now that he’s withdrawn from the Senate race, Chavez won’t have to deal with that issue. Based on campaign finance \u003ca href=\"http://www.fec.gov/disclosurehs/HSCandDetail.do\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">reports \u003c/a>filed last week with the Federal Election Commission, Chavez was trailing badly in the money race.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>His campaign raised $105,035 in 2015, ending the year with just $369 in cash and debts of $42,889. That’s less than the former GOP chairs running against him, \u003ca href=\"http://www.fec.gov/disclosurehs/HSCandDetail.do\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Duf Sundheim \u003c/a>and \u003ca href=\"http://www.fec.gov/disclosurehs/HSCandDetail.do\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Tom Del Beccaro\u003c/a>. All of them — and Sanchez — have been dwarfed by the campaign cash hauled in by front-runner \u003ca href=\"http://www.fec.gov/disclosurehs/HSCandDetail.do\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Harris\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\n",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>Struggling for cash and mired in single digits in recent polls, Republican Assemblyman Rocky Chavez is ending his bid for the U.S. Senate. Instead, he’ll run for re-election to the Assembly.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Chavez announced his decision at the beginning of a radio debate at KOGO-AM in San Diego. His decision leaves two Republicans in the race to replace retiring Sen. Barbara Boxer.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c!-- iframe plugin v.4.3 wordpress.org/plugins/iframe/ -->\u003cbr>\n\u003ciframe loading=\"lazy\" src=\"http://www.sacbee.com/news/politics-government/capitol-alert/article59233138.html/video-embed\" width=\"640\" height=\"380\" frameborder=\"0\" scrolling=\"no\" allowfullscreen=\"true\" class=\"iframe-class\">\u003c/iframe>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Given the Republican Party’s “image problem” among Latinos, Chavez seemed like the kind of candidate the GOP would rally around. And yet his two main Republican rivals are both former party chairs. What did Chavez make of that?\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“That speaks for itself,” Chavez told me in a recent interview. “This election is not about insiders,” he said, citing support for Donald Trump and Bernie Sanders as evidence voters are looking for outsiders.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>When I pointed out that California currently has no statewide officeholders who are Republican, he said that other failed statewide candidates, presumably like Meg Whitman and Carly Fiorina, were flawed.\u003c/p>\n\u003caside class=\"pullquote alignright\">Chavez ends his campaign with $369 in cash and debts of $42,889.\u003c/aside>\n\u003cp>“The other candidates we had were nice people, but they were never elected and they do not reflect the complexity of California,” Chavez said. “Unlike me, born in L.A., worked the fields with my cousins around Fresno. Graduated from Chico State working in the packing plants and working in the almond fields. I’m not a silver-spoon person that gave a lot of money. I worked my way through.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Chavez was commissioned in the U.S. Marines in 1974, and he retired 10 days before the 9/11 terrorist attacks that led to wars in Afghanistan and Iraq. Two years later, Gov. Arnold Schwarzenegger chose Chavez to be undersecretary of the California Department of Veterans Affairs. He was elected to the state Assembly from Oceanside in 2012.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>When asked why he’s better prepared to represent California in the U.S. Senate than the two Democrats running — Rep. Loretta Sanchez and state Attorney General Kamala Harris — Chavez gave a surprising answer.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“I’m married,” Chavez said. “Three kids and five grandkids, unlike my opponents that don’t have kids. And I was a single parent. Try being a parent, try being a \u003cem>single\u003c/em> parent. Neither one of those ladies have ever experienced that and I have. And all three of my children have college degrees. And that’s called the California experience and dream.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Chavez seemed to recoil at the notion of being labeled a “Latino candidate.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“I never saw myself as a Latino Marine,” he said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>When asked about immigration reform, Chavez took a tortured path before finally saying he’d support a path to citizenship for undocumented immigrants.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“People are saying you need a path to citizenship, and I’m saying it’s a little more complex than that,” Chavez said. “If children are here and their parents have come here because of migration and the drive of jobs, they should be able to be here and be recognized. That’s not citizenship, that’s residency.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Criticizing anti-immigrant, pro-deportation statements from members of his own party, including Donald Trump, Chavez said “children shouldn’t have to worry at night if their father is going to be gone.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>As far as citizenship goes, he said “I wouldn’t allow anyone to the front of the line or support amnesty or anything else.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Now that he’s withdrawn from the Senate race, Chavez won’t have to deal with that issue. Based on campaign finance \u003ca href=\"http://www.fec.gov/disclosurehs/HSCandDetail.do\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">reports \u003c/a>filed last week with the Federal Election Commission, Chavez was trailing badly in the money race.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>His campaign raised $105,035 in 2015, ending the year with just $369 in cash and debts of $42,889. That’s less than the former GOP chairs running against him, \u003ca href=\"http://www.fec.gov/disclosurehs/HSCandDetail.do\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Duf Sundheim \u003c/a>and \u003ca href=\"http://www.fec.gov/disclosurehs/HSCandDetail.do\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Tom Del Beccaro\u003c/a>. All of them — and Sanchez — have been dwarfed by the campaign cash hauled in by front-runner \u003ca href=\"http://www.fec.gov/disclosurehs/HSCandDetail.do\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Harris\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>",
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"content": "\u003cp>About 40 years ago, when she was 24, Consuelo Hermosillo had an emergency cesarean section at Los Angeles County-USC Medical Center. In the new documentary, “No Más Bebés,” she recalls asking her doctor what type of birth control she should use going forward.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“He goes, ‘You don’t need anything. We cut your tubes,’ ” Hermosillo says in the film. “And I said, ‘Why?’ And he said, ‘Well you signed for it.’ And I said, ‘Me?’ ”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"http://www.nomasbebesmovie.com/\">“No Más Bebés (No More Babies),”\u003c/a> which aired on PBS Monday night, tells the story of how 10 immigrant Mexican women, Hermosillo included, sued Los Angeles County doctors, the state and the U.S. government in 1975 for allegedly violating their civil rights. The women’s cases were similar. Each had an emergency cesarean section and each said she was either unaware that she signed for a tubal ligation or was told by a medical professional that not signing for one could mean death for her and her unborn child.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>You can \u003ca href=\"http://www.pbs.org/independentlens/videos/no-mas-bebes/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">watch the full “No Más Bebés” film here\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>It examines how the lawsuit, \u003cem>Madrigal v. Quilligan\u003c/em>, came to be, how questions of informed consent — or lack thereof — and coercion played into the case, and how the collision of various societal issues resulted in stories like Hermosillo’s.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=aseQlmKg25U\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“When you’re a filmmaker, the easiest thing to do is make a film about the good guys and the bad guys, the heroes and the villains,” says director \u003ca href=\"http://www.asianam.ucla.edu/people/renee-tajima-pe%C3%B1a\">Renee Tajima-Peña\u003c/a>. She says she and co-producer \u003ca href=\"http://itvs.org/films/no-mas-bebes/filmmaker\">Virginia Espino\u003c/a>, a historian who wrote her dissertation on the case, wanted to tell a multilayered story, one that revealed how even the best intentions could do harm.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Tajima-Peña and Espino explore the roles played by federally funded family-planning programs; a growing popular movement to curb population growth that attracted both environmentalists and anti-immigration proponents; doctors fresh out of medical school working in under-resourced maternity wards; cultural misunderstandings; and the popular belief that poor women who need public assistance should abstain from having children.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Taken together, these factors created what Tajima-Peña calls a “perfect storm” resulting in the sterilization of thousands of vulnerable women across the country in the late ’60s and early 1970s. She and Espino say their goal was to document a history that continues to repeat itself — they point to \u003ca href=\"http://cironline.org/reports/female-inmates-sterilized-california-prisons-without-approval-4917\">nearly 150 women sterilized in California prisons between 2006 and 2010\u003c/a> as the most recent example.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In telling this history, the film highlights the role played by the Family Planning and Population Research Act, which Congress passed in 1970, allocating millions for family-planning purposes. That money went to fund contraceptives, education, research and training. “You’ve got money for family planning programs, which were good programs and provided contraceptives for women who couldn’t afford it,” says Tajima-Peña. Congress also lifted a ban on federal funding for sterilization, so hospitals that provided the indigent with medical care, like Los Angeles County General Hospital, could apply for government money to perform tubal ligations.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Meanwhile, lobbying efforts in Washington, fueled by a fear of overpopulation gripping the nation, led to yet more funding for family planning programs. Inspired by the popularity of biologist Paul Ehrlich’s best-selling 1968 book, “\u003ca href=\"http://www.nytimes.com/2015/06/01/us/the-unrealized-horrors-of-population-explosion.html\">The Population Bomb\u003c/a>,” which predicted that at some point in the 1980s, overpopulation would make it impossible for the planet to support humanity, members of the “zero population movement” worked to convince the public that having children was a very bad idea. Some went so far as promoting the sterilization of women deemed to have had too many. (They also called for a dramatic reduction to immigration.)\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[contextly_sidebar id=”Akm8so5PCpQmztRAsKC6euza1J5VHAba”]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Then, there were divisions within the feminist movement on how sterilization fit into the bigger picture of reproductive rights. Mainstream white feminists marched for “the right to choose,” including unfettered access to sterilizations, contraception and abortions. Feminists of color also called for abortion rights and easy access to contraception, but broke with white feminists on the issue of sterilization, arguing that for women of color, sterilization was not always a matter of choice. They called for waiting periods before tubal ligation procedures, and Latina activists called for Spanish-language consent forms.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In “No Más Bebés,” California politician \u003ca href=\"http://www.latimes.com/la-oe-morrison-new29-2009aug29-column.html\">Gloria Molina\u003c/a>, who was active in the Chicana feminist movement in the 1970s, says the idea of a waiting period was “totally offensive” to white feminists, who, she says, pushed for sterilization upon demand. “They weren’t taking into account that if you were Spanish-speaking, and if you don’t speak English, you were being denied a right, totally,” Molina says in the film.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>And then there was the long-held stance, still popular today, that poor women should not have children they can’t afford to support, especially poor women of color. For decades, \u003ca href=\"https://www.uic.edu/orgs/cwluherstory/CWLUArchive/puertorico.html\">Puerto Rican women had been subjected to sterilizations at various points\u003c/a> as a way to combat astronomical unemployment and poverty on the island; a 1965 survey found that a third of Puerto Rican mothers living on the island at the time had been sterilized. \u003ca href=\"https://muse.jhu.edu/login?auth=0&type=summary&url=/journals/american_indian_quarterly/v024/24.3lawrence.html\">Native American women\u003c/a> were sterilized at the hands of the Indian Health Service in the 1970s. Poor African-American women on government assistance were also sterilized across the country during that time period. \u003ca href=\"https://www.splcenter.org/seeking-justice/case-docket/relf-v-weinberger\">A particularly damning case\u003c/a>, brought two years before \u003cem>Madrigal v. Quilligan\u003c/em>, involved two black sisters sterilized at ages 14 and 12 in Alabama.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>So, to recap: You had a surge of federal money for sterilizations, mainstream feminists calling for easier access to them, a fear that overpopulation would soon destroy the planet and the fear that poor women were burdening the country with children whom taxpayers would need to feed, clothe and educate. This nexus of events — and the consequences, intended and unintended, that followed — is the knot that “No Más Bebés” tries to untie.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Why were they doing it?” Consuelo Hermosillo, one of the 10 plaintiffs in \u003cem>Madrigal v. Quilligan\u003c/em>, asks on camera at one point in the film, nearly 40 years after her sterilization at L.A. County General. “I always keep these questions with me, and I never get those answers,” she says.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad floatright]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Copyright 2016 NPR. To see more, visit http://www.npr.org/\u003c/p>\n\n",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>About 40 years ago, when she was 24, Consuelo Hermosillo had an emergency cesarean section at Los Angeles County-USC Medical Center. In the new documentary, “No Más Bebés,” she recalls asking her doctor what type of birth control she should use going forward.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“He goes, ‘You don’t need anything. We cut your tubes,’ ” Hermosillo says in the film. “And I said, ‘Why?’ And he said, ‘Well you signed for it.’ And I said, ‘Me?’ ”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"http://www.nomasbebesmovie.com/\">“No Más Bebés (No More Babies),”\u003c/a> which aired on PBS Monday night, tells the story of how 10 immigrant Mexican women, Hermosillo included, sued Los Angeles County doctors, the state and the U.S. government in 1975 for allegedly violating their civil rights. The women’s cases were similar. Each had an emergency cesarean section and each said she was either unaware that she signed for a tubal ligation or was told by a medical professional that not signing for one could mean death for her and her unborn child.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>You can \u003ca href=\"http://www.pbs.org/independentlens/videos/no-mas-bebes/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">watch the full “No Más Bebés” film here\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>It examines how the lawsuit, \u003cem>Madrigal v. Quilligan\u003c/em>, came to be, how questions of informed consent — or lack thereof — and coercion played into the case, and how the collision of various societal issues resulted in stories like Hermosillo’s.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003cspan class='utils-parseShortcode-shortcodes-__youtubeShortcode__embedYoutube'>\n \u003cspan class='utils-parseShortcode-shortcodes-__youtubeShortcode__embedYoutubeInside'>\n \u003ciframe\n loading='lazy'\n class='utils-parseShortcode-shortcodes-__youtubeShortcode__youtubePlayer'\n type='text/html'\n src='//www.youtube.com/embed/aseQlmKg25U'\n title='//www.youtube.com/embed/aseQlmKg25U'\n allowfullscreen='true'\n style='border:0;'>\u003c/iframe>\n \u003c/span>\n \u003c/span>\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003cp>“When you’re a filmmaker, the easiest thing to do is make a film about the good guys and the bad guys, the heroes and the villains,” says director \u003ca href=\"http://www.asianam.ucla.edu/people/renee-tajima-pe%C3%B1a\">Renee Tajima-Peña\u003c/a>. She says she and co-producer \u003ca href=\"http://itvs.org/films/no-mas-bebes/filmmaker\">Virginia Espino\u003c/a>, a historian who wrote her dissertation on the case, wanted to tell a multilayered story, one that revealed how even the best intentions could do harm.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Tajima-Peña and Espino explore the roles played by federally funded family-planning programs; a growing popular movement to curb population growth that attracted both environmentalists and anti-immigration proponents; doctors fresh out of medical school working in under-resourced maternity wards; cultural misunderstandings; and the popular belief that poor women who need public assistance should abstain from having children.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Taken together, these factors created what Tajima-Peña calls a “perfect storm” resulting in the sterilization of thousands of vulnerable women across the country in the late ’60s and early 1970s. She and Espino say their goal was to document a history that continues to repeat itself — they point to \u003ca href=\"http://cironline.org/reports/female-inmates-sterilized-california-prisons-without-approval-4917\">nearly 150 women sterilized in California prisons between 2006 and 2010\u003c/a> as the most recent example.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In telling this history, the film highlights the role played by the Family Planning and Population Research Act, which Congress passed in 1970, allocating millions for family-planning purposes. That money went to fund contraceptives, education, research and training. “You’ve got money for family planning programs, which were good programs and provided contraceptives for women who couldn’t afford it,” says Tajima-Peña. Congress also lifted a ban on federal funding for sterilization, so hospitals that provided the indigent with medical care, like Los Angeles County General Hospital, could apply for government money to perform tubal ligations.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Meanwhile, lobbying efforts in Washington, fueled by a fear of overpopulation gripping the nation, led to yet more funding for family planning programs. Inspired by the popularity of biologist Paul Ehrlich’s best-selling 1968 book, “\u003ca href=\"http://www.nytimes.com/2015/06/01/us/the-unrealized-horrors-of-population-explosion.html\">The Population Bomb\u003c/a>,” which predicted that at some point in the 1980s, overpopulation would make it impossible for the planet to support humanity, members of the “zero population movement” worked to convince the public that having children was a very bad idea. Some went so far as promoting the sterilization of women deemed to have had too many. (They also called for a dramatic reduction to immigration.)\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Then, there were divisions within the feminist movement on how sterilization fit into the bigger picture of reproductive rights. Mainstream white feminists marched for “the right to choose,” including unfettered access to sterilizations, contraception and abortions. Feminists of color also called for abortion rights and easy access to contraception, but broke with white feminists on the issue of sterilization, arguing that for women of color, sterilization was not always a matter of choice. They called for waiting periods before tubal ligation procedures, and Latina activists called for Spanish-language consent forms.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In “No Más Bebés,” California politician \u003ca href=\"http://www.latimes.com/la-oe-morrison-new29-2009aug29-column.html\">Gloria Molina\u003c/a>, who was active in the Chicana feminist movement in the 1970s, says the idea of a waiting period was “totally offensive” to white feminists, who, she says, pushed for sterilization upon demand. “They weren’t taking into account that if you were Spanish-speaking, and if you don’t speak English, you were being denied a right, totally,” Molina says in the film.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>And then there was the long-held stance, still popular today, that poor women should not have children they can’t afford to support, especially poor women of color. For decades, \u003ca href=\"https://www.uic.edu/orgs/cwluherstory/CWLUArchive/puertorico.html\">Puerto Rican women had been subjected to sterilizations at various points\u003c/a> as a way to combat astronomical unemployment and poverty on the island; a 1965 survey found that a third of Puerto Rican mothers living on the island at the time had been sterilized. \u003ca href=\"https://muse.jhu.edu/login?auth=0&type=summary&url=/journals/american_indian_quarterly/v024/24.3lawrence.html\">Native American women\u003c/a> were sterilized at the hands of the Indian Health Service in the 1970s. Poor African-American women on government assistance were also sterilized across the country during that time period. \u003ca href=\"https://www.splcenter.org/seeking-justice/case-docket/relf-v-weinberger\">A particularly damning case\u003c/a>, brought two years before \u003cem>Madrigal v. Quilligan\u003c/em>, involved two black sisters sterilized at ages 14 and 12 in Alabama.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>So, to recap: You had a surge of federal money for sterilizations, mainstream feminists calling for easier access to them, a fear that overpopulation would soon destroy the planet and the fear that poor women were burdening the country with children whom taxpayers would need to feed, clothe and educate. This nexus of events — and the consequences, intended and unintended, that followed — is the knot that “No Más Bebés” tries to untie.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Why were they doing it?” Consuelo Hermosillo, one of the 10 plaintiffs in \u003cem>Madrigal v. Quilligan\u003c/em>, asks on camera at one point in the film, nearly 40 years after her sterilization at L.A. County General. “I always keep these questions with me, and I never get those answers,” she says.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Copyright 2016 NPR. To see more, visit http://www.npr.org/\u003c/p>\n\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>",
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"content": "\u003cp>New data show the vast majority of women with children seeking refuge in the U.S. who were ordered deported in the last year and a half never had a lawyer. One of those women was 21-year-old María Pérez, who escaped violence in her town in Mexico and in her home. She applied for asylum, but due to confusion missed an all-important court date.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Pérez lived in the state of Michoacán, Mexico, with her two small children and her husband. She says he was involved with a drug cartel and often beat her. She didn’t trust the police to protect her. After all, she says, they did nothing about the kidnappings, rapes and killings that had become common.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[soundcloud url=\"https://api.soundcloud.com/tracks/245078175\" params=\"color=ff5500&auto_play=false&hide_related=false&show_comments=true&show_user=true&show_reposts=false\" width=\"100%\" height=\"166\" iframe=\"true\" /]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"The cartels showed up ... and corpses appeared all over,\" says Pérez. \"The government didn’t do anything. Nothing. That’s how the government is in Mexico.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Pérez says after her husband’s enemies shot up her house, she took her baby daughter and 3-year-old son and fled north. At the California border, she asked for asylum.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>New Home in Central Valley\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Pérez settled in the Central Valley, and she says she tried to do everything the government asked. She traveled every month to San Francisco to check in with immigration authorities. She didn’t have a lawyer, though, and when she got a court date in the mail, she mistakenly showed up at the immigration office again, instead of the courthouse.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"I got there and I asked, 'Where is the court? I was supposed to have court.' But the officer didn’t speak Spanish. He just told me to sign in, and then he gave me a new date to come back. So I thought I had done what I had to do,\" Pérez says.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_10851710\" class=\"wp-caption alignright\" style=\"max-width: 800px\">\u003cimg src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2016/02/PolsteinPerez-800x550.jpg\" alt=\"Immigration attorney Laura Polstein (L) confers with Maria Perez. Perez was ordered deported without a day in court, but later won asylum with Polstein's help.\" width=\"800\" height=\"550\" class=\"size-medium wp-image-10851710\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2016/02/PolsteinPerez-800x550.jpg 800w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2016/02/PolsteinPerez-400x275.jpg 400w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2016/02/PolsteinPerez-768x528.jpg 768w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2016/02/PolsteinPerez-1440x989.jpg 1440w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2016/02/PolsteinPerez.jpg 1920w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2016/02/PolsteinPerez-1180x811.jpg 1180w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2016/02/PolsteinPerez-960x660.jpg 960w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Immigration attorney Laura Polstein (L) confers with María Pérez, who was ordered deported without a day in court but later won asylum with Polstein's help. \u003ccite>(Zaidee Stavely/KQED)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>If you don’t show up to immigration court -- and it looks to the judge like you were told when and where to show up -- you can be ordered deported. That’s what happened to Pérez.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>According to the nonpartisan \u003ca href=\"http://trac.syr.edu/phptools/immigration/mwc/\">Transactional Records Access Clearinghouse (TRAC) at Syracuse University\u003c/a>, 18,607 women and children seeking asylum in the U.S. were issued final orders of removal between July 2014 and December 2015. Like Pérez, 86 percent of them did not have a lawyer. And also like Pérez, the vast majority simply never made it to court.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Importance of a Lawyer\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Dana Marks, president of the National Association of Immigration Judges, says when potential asylees have legal representation, it makes it easier for judges to be sure they have all the facts before making a decision. That's important, she says, because the stakes are high.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"If a judge makes a decision that someone has to go back, they may be sent to a life-threatening situation,\" says Marks, who speaks as an official of her union, not on behalf of her employer, the Executive Office for Immigration Review, which is part of the United States Department of Justice.\u003c/p>\n\u003caside class=\"pullquote alignright\">'These are people who are truly fleeing persecution, but they are not able to win without an attorney.'\u003ccite>Attorney Laura Polstein\u003c/cite>\u003c/aside>\n\u003cp>Marks says even if you do have a lawyer and make your case to a judge, it’s still hard to qualify for asylum.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"I compare asylum law to putting together a jigsaw puzzle,\" Marks says. \"You may have enough pieces that we all know what the picture is going to look like, but if there is a piece missing, that case cannot be granted.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Winning Asylum\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Facing deportation, María Pérez started desperately calling attorneys until she found \u003ca href=\"http://centrolegal.org/\">Centro Legal de la Raza\u003c/a> in Oakland. Attorney Laura Polstein was able to reopen Pérez’s case, arguing that she did not willfully miss her court date.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In October, Pérez and her children won asylum in the United States. Polstein says attorneys had to do extensive research and submit multiple news articles, human rights reports and expert affidavits to document the violence by drug cartels in Mexico and the lack of protection for victims of domestic violence. She says the attorney for the government cross-examined Pérez extensively for about two hours.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"From a legal point of view, this is not something people can do without an attorney, especially if they have a low literacy level,\" says Polstein.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>She believes many other families who were ordered deported could also have valid claims.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[contextly_sidebar id=\"fU6MN3r3TXf4aiISNYib9Ng7N5b9BkY5\"]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"Every day we have people coming to our doors, and we meet people at court who need attorneys and who we are not able to provide services to,\" says Polstein.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"These are people who are truly fleeing persecution, but they are not able to win without an attorney.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Statistics from TRAC also show that if women with children have an attorney, \u003ca href=\"http://trac.syr.edu/immigration/reports/396/\">their chance to win their asylum cases goes up 14 times\u003c/a>. The overwhelming lack of legal counsel in these cases prompted the bipartisan U.S. Civil Rights Commission to call for \u003ca href=\"http://www.usccr.gov/press/2016/PR_ICE_Deportations_Announcement.pdf\">halting all deportations of women and children from Central America \u003c/a>who are seeking asylum, until their cases can be reviewed to see if they had due process.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Those who advocate for restricting immigration say asylum seekers who didn’t show up in court have had their chance.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"I don’t see any reason to use government resources to go back through and give people another bite of the apple when they’ve already abused the system,\" says Jessica Vaughan, of the Center for Immigration Studies in Washington, D.C. \"What needs to happen is they should be sent home.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>More Detainees Last Month\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>When Immigration and Customs Enforcement (ICE) officials detained 121 women and children in early January, Homeland Security Secretary Jeh Johnson\u003ca href=\"http://www.dhs.gov/news/2016/01/04/statement-secretary-jeh-c-johnson-southwest-border-security\"> also argued these people had exhausted their legal options\u003c/a>. ICE officials say no targeted operations happened in California, but that immigration agents do conduct routine enforcement here. ICE spokeswoman Virginia Kice says most of the time, officers detain people at their homes.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Recently, María Pérez says she was stopped by officers wearing jackets that said \"police\" outside a McDonald’s, where she went to apply for a job. Even though Pérez has asylum now, she was terrified.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"I was afraid they would take me without even asking me for an ID,\" Pérez says. \"I was worried I’d be separated from my children, who were home with my mom.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Thankfully, Pérez says, she was carrying her work permit with her. She showed it to the officers and they let her go.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad floatright]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>She says she’s overcome with relief that she and her kids are safe now.\u003c/p>\n\n",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>New data show the vast majority of women with children seeking refuge in the U.S. who were ordered deported in the last year and a half never had a lawyer. One of those women was 21-year-old María Pérez, who escaped violence in her town in Mexico and in her home. She applied for asylum, but due to confusion missed an all-important court date.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Pérez lived in the state of Michoacán, Mexico, with her two small children and her husband. She says he was involved with a drug cartel and often beat her. She didn’t trust the police to protect her. After all, she says, they did nothing about the kidnappings, rapes and killings that had become common.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003cdiv class='utils-parseShortcode-shortcodes-__shortcodes__shortcodeWrapper'>\n \u003ciframe width='100%' height='166'\n scrolling='no' frameborder='no'\n src='https://w.soundcloud.com/player/?url=https://api.soundcloud.com/tracks/245078175&visual=true&color=ff5500&auto_play=false&hide_related=false&show_comments=true&show_user=true&show_reposts=false'\n title='https://api.soundcloud.com/tracks/245078175'>\n \u003c/iframe>\n \u003c/div>\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"The cartels showed up ... and corpses appeared all over,\" says Pérez. \"The government didn’t do anything. Nothing. That’s how the government is in Mexico.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Pérez says after her husband’s enemies shot up her house, she took her baby daughter and 3-year-old son and fled north. At the California border, she asked for asylum.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>New Home in Central Valley\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Pérez settled in the Central Valley, and she says she tried to do everything the government asked. She traveled every month to San Francisco to check in with immigration authorities. She didn’t have a lawyer, though, and when she got a court date in the mail, she mistakenly showed up at the immigration office again, instead of the courthouse.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"I got there and I asked, 'Where is the court? I was supposed to have court.' But the officer didn’t speak Spanish. He just told me to sign in, and then he gave me a new date to come back. So I thought I had done what I had to do,\" Pérez says.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_10851710\" class=\"wp-caption alignright\" style=\"max-width: 800px\">\u003cimg src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2016/02/PolsteinPerez-800x550.jpg\" alt=\"Immigration attorney Laura Polstein (L) confers with Maria Perez. Perez was ordered deported without a day in court, but later won asylum with Polstein's help.\" width=\"800\" height=\"550\" class=\"size-medium wp-image-10851710\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2016/02/PolsteinPerez-800x550.jpg 800w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2016/02/PolsteinPerez-400x275.jpg 400w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2016/02/PolsteinPerez-768x528.jpg 768w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2016/02/PolsteinPerez-1440x989.jpg 1440w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2016/02/PolsteinPerez.jpg 1920w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2016/02/PolsteinPerez-1180x811.jpg 1180w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2016/02/PolsteinPerez-960x660.jpg 960w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Immigration attorney Laura Polstein (L) confers with María Pérez, who was ordered deported without a day in court but later won asylum with Polstein's help. \u003ccite>(Zaidee Stavely/KQED)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>If you don’t show up to immigration court -- and it looks to the judge like you were told when and where to show up -- you can be ordered deported. That’s what happened to Pérez.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>According to the nonpartisan \u003ca href=\"http://trac.syr.edu/phptools/immigration/mwc/\">Transactional Records Access Clearinghouse (TRAC) at Syracuse University\u003c/a>, 18,607 women and children seeking asylum in the U.S. were issued final orders of removal between July 2014 and December 2015. Like Pérez, 86 percent of them did not have a lawyer. And also like Pérez, the vast majority simply never made it to court.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Importance of a Lawyer\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Dana Marks, president of the National Association of Immigration Judges, says when potential asylees have legal representation, it makes it easier for judges to be sure they have all the facts before making a decision. That's important, she says, because the stakes are high.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"If a judge makes a decision that someone has to go back, they may be sent to a life-threatening situation,\" says Marks, who speaks as an official of her union, not on behalf of her employer, the Executive Office for Immigration Review, which is part of the United States Department of Justice.\u003c/p>\n\u003caside class=\"pullquote alignright\">'These are people who are truly fleeing persecution, but they are not able to win without an attorney.'\u003ccite>Attorney Laura Polstein\u003c/cite>\u003c/aside>\n\u003cp>Marks says even if you do have a lawyer and make your case to a judge, it’s still hard to qualify for asylum.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"I compare asylum law to putting together a jigsaw puzzle,\" Marks says. \"You may have enough pieces that we all know what the picture is going to look like, but if there is a piece missing, that case cannot be granted.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Winning Asylum\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Facing deportation, María Pérez started desperately calling attorneys until she found \u003ca href=\"http://centrolegal.org/\">Centro Legal de la Raza\u003c/a> in Oakland. Attorney Laura Polstein was able to reopen Pérez’s case, arguing that she did not willfully miss her court date.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In October, Pérez and her children won asylum in the United States. Polstein says attorneys had to do extensive research and submit multiple news articles, human rights reports and expert affidavits to document the violence by drug cartels in Mexico and the lack of protection for victims of domestic violence. She says the attorney for the government cross-examined Pérez extensively for about two hours.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"From a legal point of view, this is not something people can do without an attorney, especially if they have a low literacy level,\" says Polstein.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>She believes many other families who were ordered deported could also have valid claims.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"Every day we have people coming to our doors, and we meet people at court who need attorneys and who we are not able to provide services to,\" says Polstein.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"These are people who are truly fleeing persecution, but they are not able to win without an attorney.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Statistics from TRAC also show that if women with children have an attorney, \u003ca href=\"http://trac.syr.edu/immigration/reports/396/\">their chance to win their asylum cases goes up 14 times\u003c/a>. The overwhelming lack of legal counsel in these cases prompted the bipartisan U.S. Civil Rights Commission to call for \u003ca href=\"http://www.usccr.gov/press/2016/PR_ICE_Deportations_Announcement.pdf\">halting all deportations of women and children from Central America \u003c/a>who are seeking asylum, until their cases can be reviewed to see if they had due process.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Those who advocate for restricting immigration say asylum seekers who didn’t show up in court have had their chance.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"I don’t see any reason to use government resources to go back through and give people another bite of the apple when they’ve already abused the system,\" says Jessica Vaughan, of the Center for Immigration Studies in Washington, D.C. \"What needs to happen is they should be sent home.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>More Detainees Last Month\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>When Immigration and Customs Enforcement (ICE) officials detained 121 women and children in early January, Homeland Security Secretary Jeh Johnson\u003ca href=\"http://www.dhs.gov/news/2016/01/04/statement-secretary-jeh-c-johnson-southwest-border-security\"> also argued these people had exhausted their legal options\u003c/a>. ICE officials say no targeted operations happened in California, but that immigration agents do conduct routine enforcement here. ICE spokeswoman Virginia Kice says most of the time, officers detain people at their homes.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Recently, María Pérez says she was stopped by officers wearing jackets that said \"police\" outside a McDonald’s, where she went to apply for a job. Even though Pérez has asylum now, she was terrified.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"I was afraid they would take me without even asking me for an ID,\" Pérez says. \"I was worried I’d be separated from my children, who were home with my mom.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Thankfully, Pérez says, she was carrying her work permit with her. She showed it to the officers and they let her go.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cp>Domestic violence in Asian immigrant communities is a persistent problem, \u003ca href=\"https://www.law.berkeley.edu/php-programs/centers/crrj/zotero/loadfile.php?entity_key=TK6SKUGM\">studies show\u003c/a>, and research suggests it looms especially large for Korean immigrant women.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Now an advocacy group in Southern California is working to educate Korean pastors about domestic abuse in an effort that challenges both cultural norms and the traditional practices of church leaders.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[soundcloud url=\"https://api.soundcloud.com/tracks/243325755\" params=\"color=ff5500&auto_play=false&hide_related=false&show_comments=true&show_user=true&show_reposts=false\" width=\"100%\" height=\"166\" iframe=\"true\" /]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Cultural taboos, a patriarchal culture, immigration and acculturation pressures, language isolation and alcohol can all play a role in domestic violence in the Korean community, according to Connie Chung Joe, executive director of \u003ca href=\"http://kfamla.org/\">Korean American Family Services\u003c/a>. The agency, known as KFAM, works with both Korean victims and batterers to reduce domestic abuse.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"Men who are traditionally the breadwinners and considered the leaders in their family, they come to the U.S. and their wives are able to acculturate better, learn English faster and maybe they can get a job better,\" she said. \"And a lot of the men really have trouble with this.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>According to one survey out of Chicago, about 60 percent of Korean immigrant women reported experiencing an episode of domestic violence.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In the last two years, KFAM has been recruiting pastors as partners in addressing domestic violence within the Korean community. Last month, it held its first two-day retreat for faith leaders dedicated to domestic violence.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>\u003cem>\u003ca href=\"http://www.scpr.org/news/2016/01/04/56571/domestic-violence-victim-advocates-reach-out-to-ko/\" target=\"_blank\">Read the full story via KPCC\u003c/a>\u003c/em>\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\n",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>Domestic violence in Asian immigrant communities is a persistent problem, \u003ca href=\"https://www.law.berkeley.edu/php-programs/centers/crrj/zotero/loadfile.php?entity_key=TK6SKUGM\">studies show\u003c/a>, and research suggests it looms especially large for Korean immigrant women.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Now an advocacy group in Southern California is working to educate Korean pastors about domestic abuse in an effort that challenges both cultural norms and the traditional practices of church leaders.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003cdiv class='utils-parseShortcode-shortcodes-__shortcodes__shortcodeWrapper'>\n \u003ciframe width='100%' height='166'\n scrolling='no' frameborder='no'\n src='https://w.soundcloud.com/player/?url=https://api.soundcloud.com/tracks/243325755&visual=true&color=ff5500&auto_play=false&hide_related=false&show_comments=true&show_user=true&show_reposts=false'\n title='https://api.soundcloud.com/tracks/243325755'>\n \u003c/iframe>\n \u003c/div>\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Cultural taboos, a patriarchal culture, immigration and acculturation pressures, language isolation and alcohol can all play a role in domestic violence in the Korean community, according to Connie Chung Joe, executive director of \u003ca href=\"http://kfamla.org/\">Korean American Family Services\u003c/a>. The agency, known as KFAM, works with both Korean victims and batterers to reduce domestic abuse.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"Men who are traditionally the breadwinners and considered the leaders in their family, they come to the U.S. and their wives are able to acculturate better, learn English faster and maybe they can get a job better,\" she said. \"And a lot of the men really have trouble with this.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cp>Some Muslim women have been on edge in the wake of the recent \u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/news/2015/12/04/official-wife-in-san-bernardino-massacre-pledged-allegiance-to-isis\" target=\"_blank\">mass shooting in San Bernardino\u003c/a>, and before then, the \u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/news/2015/11/13/photos-scenes-of-chaos-after-paris-attacks\" target=\"_blank\">terror attacks in Paris\u003c/a> in November.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[soundcloud url=\"https://api.soundcloud.com/tracks/241060657\" params=\"color=ff5500&auto_play=false&hide_related=false&show_comments=true&show_user=true&show_reposts=false\" width=\"100%\" height=\"166\" iframe=\"true\" /]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>After enduring stares, dirty looks and harsh words in recent weeks, some women who wear hijab, the traditional headscarf, are now making difficult choices about whether or not to wear it.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>One of them is Sidra, a 23-year-old Cal State Los Angeles student who was born and raised in Southern California. Not long ago, she and her aunt were on their way to their local Wal-Mart when someone pulled up alongside their car.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[contextly_sidebar id=\"RjrnqSYjaxjwQc5h6gr4bk8EEtpbaUnm\"]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“This lady pulled down her window, and she spat at my car, and then she drove away,\" said Sidra, who didn't want her last name used. \"I can’t imagine why she would do that, unless she had something against me. And the clear and obvious answer was my scarf.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The hijab is used by many Muslim women around the world to cover their hair, as a sign of modesty. But with Islamophobia and \u003ca href=\"http://www.nytimes.com/2015/12/18/us/politics/crimes-against-muslim-americans-and-mosques-rise-sharply.html?_r=1\" target=\"_blank\">hate crimes against Muslims on the rise\u003c/a>, some outsiders have zeroed in on those scarves as an obvious sign of otherness.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>\u003cem>\u003ca href=\"http://www.scpr.org/news/2015/12/22/56360/climate-of-fear-has-some-muslim-women-making-diffi/\" target=\"_blank\">Read the full story via KPCC\u003c/a>\u003c/em>\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\n",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>Some Muslim women have been on edge in the wake of the recent \u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/news/2015/12/04/official-wife-in-san-bernardino-massacre-pledged-allegiance-to-isis\" target=\"_blank\">mass shooting in San Bernardino\u003c/a>, and before then, the \u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/news/2015/11/13/photos-scenes-of-chaos-after-paris-attacks\" target=\"_blank\">terror attacks in Paris\u003c/a> in November.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003cdiv class='utils-parseShortcode-shortcodes-__shortcodes__shortcodeWrapper'>\n \u003ciframe width='100%' height='166'\n scrolling='no' frameborder='no'\n src='https://w.soundcloud.com/player/?url=https://api.soundcloud.com/tracks/241060657&visual=true&color=ff5500&auto_play=false&hide_related=false&show_comments=true&show_user=true&show_reposts=false'\n title='https://api.soundcloud.com/tracks/241060657'>\n \u003c/iframe>\n \u003c/div>\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>After enduring stares, dirty looks and harsh words in recent weeks, some women who wear hijab, the traditional headscarf, are now making difficult choices about whether or not to wear it.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>One of them is Sidra, a 23-year-old Cal State Los Angeles student who was born and raised in Southern California. Not long ago, she and her aunt were on their way to their local Wal-Mart when someone pulled up alongside their car.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“This lady pulled down her window, and she spat at my car, and then she drove away,\" said Sidra, who didn't want her last name used. \"I can’t imagine why she would do that, unless she had something against me. And the clear and obvious answer was my scarf.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The hijab is used by many Muslim women around the world to cover their hair, as a sign of modesty. But with Islamophobia and \u003ca href=\"http://www.nytimes.com/2015/12/18/us/politics/crimes-against-muslim-americans-and-mosques-rise-sharply.html?_r=1\" target=\"_blank\">hate crimes against Muslims on the rise\u003c/a>, some outsiders have zeroed in on those scarves as an obvious sign of otherness.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>\u003cem>\u003ca href=\"http://www.scpr.org/news/2015/12/22/56360/climate-of-fear-has-some-muslim-women-making-diffi/\" target=\"_blank\">Read the full story via KPCC\u003c/a>\u003c/em>\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>",
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"content": "\u003cp>It was a big year, legislatively, in Sacramento: With the budget wrapped up in June, lawmakers passed hundreds of laws dealing with everything from climate change to workers rights. Here’s KQED’s annual roundup of highlights.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>All of these bills take effect Jan. 1, unless we note otherwise.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[soundcloud url=”https://api.soundcloud.com/tracks/239851144″ params=”color=ff5500&auto_play=false&hide_related=false&show_comments=true&show_user=true&show_reposts=false” width=”100%” height=”166″ iframe=”true” /]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Climate Change and the Environment\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Addressing global warming loomed large in Sacramento, after Gov. Jerry Brown and Senate President pro tem Kevin de León (D-Los Angeles), both made the issue their top priority in 2015. The state’s drought also received some attention, though most of the rules around water use were handled administratively by the state’s water board.\u003c/p>\n\u003cul>\n\u003cli>\u003cstrong>\u003ca href=\"http://leginfo.legislature.ca.gov/faces/billNavClient.xhtml?bill_id=201520160SB350\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Senate Bill 350\u003c/a>\u003c/strong>: De León’s signature climate change legislation wasn’t as ambitious as he’d hoped, after the \u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/news/Democrats-strip-oil-goal-from-climate-legislation\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">oil industry killed a target\u003c/a> of cutting in half gas consumption over the next 15 years. But it’s still groundbreaking, mandating that 50 percent of California electricity come from renewable sources by 2030, and doubling energy efficiency requirements for existing buildings.\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>\u003cstrong>\u003ca href=\"http://leginfo.legislature.ca.gov/faces/billNavClient.xhtml?bill_id=201520160AB1288\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Assembly Bill 1288\u003c/a>\u003c/strong>: Authored by Assembly Speaker Toni Atkins (D-San Diego), this bill seeks to bring different voices to the state’s powerful Air Resources Board by expanding its membership to 14. The two new appointees will be named by the Legislature and must represent someone who works directly with the most polluted communities in the state.\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>\u003cstrong>Senate Bills \u003ca href=\"http://leginfo.legislature.ca.gov/faces/billNavClient.xhtml?bill_id=201520160SB295\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">295\u003c/a>\u003c/strong> and \u003cstrong>\u003ca href=\"http://leginfo.legislature.ca.gov/faces/billNavClient.xhtml?bill_id=201520160SB414\">414\u003c/a>\u003c/strong> were introduced by Central Coast Democrat Sen. Hannah-Beth Jackson after \u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/news/2015/05/20/crews-struggle-to-clean-up-oil-spill-near-santa-barbara\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">the Santa Barbara oil spill\u003c/a> in May. The legislation will increase oil pipeline inspections and make oil spill cleanup quicker and more effective by requiring state officials to study new chemical dispersants and coordinate more cleanup drills with federal agencies.\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>To encourage water conservation, lawmakers passed both\u003cstrong> \u003ca href=\"http://leginfo.legislature.ca.gov/faces/billNavClient.xhtml?bill_id=201520160AB1\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Assembly Bill 1\u003c/a>\u003c/strong> by Assemblywoman Cheryl Brown, D-San Bernardino, and\u003cstrong>\u003ca href=\"http://leginfo.legislature.ca.gov/faces/billNavClient.xhtml?bill_id=201520160AB1164\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"> Assembly Bill 1164\u003c/a>\u003c/strong> by Glendale Assemblyman Mike Gatto. AB1 prohibits localities from fining residents for letting their lawns turn brown; AB1164, which took effect in the summer, prohibits localities from forbidding drought-tolerant landscaping, including artificial turf.\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>Two groundbreaking environmental restrictions were also approved in 2015 but won’t take effect immediately. \u003cstrong>\u003ca href=\"http://leginfo.legislature.ca.gov/faces/billNavClient.xhtml?bill_id=201520160AB96\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Assembly Bill 96\u003c/a>\u003c/strong>, by Atkins, will ban the import, selling or possession of ivory beginning July 1, 2016; and\u003ca href=\"http://leginfo.legislature.ca.gov/faces/billNavClient.xhtml?bill_id=201520160AB888\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">\u003cstrong> Assembly Bill 888,\u003c/strong> \u003c/a>by Santa Monica Democrat Richard Bloom, will ban the sale of personal products containing environmentally harmful plastic microbeads, come January 2020.\u003c/li>\n\u003c/ul>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Criminal Justice\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Even with Brown’s veto of a number of criminal bills, the Legislature managed to pass dozens of laws addressing crime and law enforcement.\u003c/p>\n\u003cul>\n\u003cli>The governor signed several bills aimed at making police departments more accountable. \u003cstrong>\u003ca href=\"http://leginfo.legislature.ca.gov/faces/billTextClient.xhtml?bill_id=201520160AB953\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Assembly Bill 953\u003c/a>,\u003c/strong> by Assemblywoman Shirley Weber (D-San Diego), mandates a system for law enforcement to collect information on each stop they make, data that would have to be reported to the attorney general each year. The law also expands the state’s definition of profiling beyond race to include things such as gender, national origin, religion and sexual orientation. Another bill that grew from recent protests over police behavior is \u003ca href=\"http://leginfo.legislature.ca.gov/faces/billNavClient.xhtml?bill_id=201520160SB411\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">\u003cstrong>Senate Bill 411,\u003c/strong> \u003c/a>by Sen. Ricardo Lara (D-Bell Gardens), which clarifies that the public is allowed to take video of a police officer. And \u003cstrong>\u003ca href=\"http://leginfo.legislature.ca.gov/faces/billNavClient.xhtml?bill_id=201520160SB227\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Senate Bill 227\u003c/a>,\u003c/strong> by Los Angeles Democrat Holly Mitchell, bars the use of grand juries in police shooting investigations.\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>Sen. Mark Leno (D-San Francisco) fought hard for \u003cstrong>\u003ca href=\"http://leginfo.legislature.ca.gov/faces/billNavClient.xhtml?bill_id=201520160SB178\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Senate Bill 178\u003c/a>,\u003c/strong> after seeing previous versions vetoed by Gov. Brown. The bill requires law enforcement to secure a court-ordered search warrant before inspecting electronic information stored on electronic devices like computers or cellphones.\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>Lawmakers and the governor \u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/news/2015/09/11/Lawmakers-agree-on-medical-marijuana-regulations\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">finally came together around comprehensive statewide medical marijuana regulations\u003c/a> in 2015 — nearly two decades after it became legal in California and a year ahead of the plant’s potential full legalization by voters. \u003cstrong>\u003ca href=\"http://leginfo.legislature.ca.gov/faces/billNavClient.xhtml?bill_id=201520160AB243\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Assembly Bills 243\u003c/a> \u003c/strong>and \u003cstrong>\u003ca href=\"http://leginfo.legislature.ca.gov/faces/billNavClient.xhtml?bill_id=201520160AB266\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">266\u003c/a>\u003c/strong> and \u003cstrong>\u003cstrong>\u003ca href=\"http://leginfo.legislature.ca.gov/faces/billNavClient.xhtml?bill_id=201520160SB643\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Senate Bill 643 \u003c/a>\u003c/strong>\u003c/strong>create a new agency, the state Bureau of Medical Marijuana Regulation, under the Department of Consumer Affairs. The bureau, jokingly nicknamed “BUMMER,” will be charged with licensing the entire medical marijuana supply chain, including the growing process, safety testing, transportation, distribution and sales.\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>Two new gun control laws will take effect in January: \u003cstrong>\u003ca href=\"http://leginfo.legislature.ca.gov/faces/billNavClient.xhtml?bill_id=201520160SB707\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Senate Bill 707, \u003c/a>\u003c/strong>by Sen. Lois Wolk (D-Davis), bars concealed weapons on school campuses, while \u003cstrong>\u003ca href=\"http://leginfo.legislature.ca.gov/faces/billNavClient.xhtml?bill_id=201320140AB1014\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Assembly Bill 1014\u003c/a>\u003c/strong>, a 2013 measure by former Assemblywoman Nancy Skinner (D-Berkeley), allows families and law enforcement to seek a court-ordered temporary restraining order to remove someone’s firearms if they pose a threat.\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>Sen. Loni Hancock (D-Berkeley) authored two measures aimed at making it easier for some people to secure release from behind bars. \u003cstrong>\u003ca href=\"http://leginfo.legislature.ca.gov/faces/billNavClient.xhtml?bill_id=201520160SB261\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Senate Bill 261\u003c/a> \u003c/strong>requires the parole board to consider the release of many offenders in state prison who committed their crimes under the age of 23. \u003cstrong>\u003ca href=\"http://leginfo.legislature.ca.gov/faces/billNavClient.xhtml?bill_id=201520160SB230\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Senate Bill 230\u003c/a>\u003c/strong> mandates that the parole board release prisoners once they are found suitable to leave prison.\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>\u003ca href=\"http://leginfo.legislature.ca.gov/faces/billTextClient.xhtml?bill_id=201520160SB230\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">\u003cstrong>Senate Bill 405\u003c/strong>\u003c/a> has already taken effect. Authored by Sen. Bob Hertzberg (D-Los Angeles), the measure \u003ca href=\"http://sd18.senate.ca.gov/news/9302015-governor-signs-sen-bob-hertzberg-plan-allowing-motorists-fight-tickets-paying-fines\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">lets people contest a traffic ticket \u003c/a>without first paying the fine.\u003c/li>\n\u003c/ul>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Health Care \u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Vaccinations and assisted suicide dominated discussion at the Capitol, though lawmakers also tackled questions of insurance rules and passed one measure regulating electronic cigarettes, while killing a slew of other tobacco-related bills. (For more detail on new health laws, \u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/stateofhealth/2015/12/30/californias-new-health-laws-coming-in-2016/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">visit our State of Health blog\u003c/a>.)\u003c/p>\n\u003cul>\n\u003cli>\u003ca href=\"http://leginfo.legislature.ca.gov/faces/billNavClient.xhtml?bill_id=201520160AB277\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">\u003cstrong>Senate Bill 277\u003c/strong>\u003c/a> ended California’s personal belief exemption for vaccinations and \u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/stateofhealth/2015/06/29/bill-ending-vaccine-exemptions-passes-california-senate-moves-to-governors-desk/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">makes the state’s vaccine laws among the strictest in the nation\u003c/a>. Beginning July 1, it requires parents to vaccinate their kids in order for them to attend school, unless they have a medical reason. Authored by Sen. Richard Pan (D-Sacramento), it was among the year’s most hotly contested measures. With far less debate, lawmakers also approved \u003cstrong>\u003ca href=\"http://leginfo.legislature.ca.gov/faces/billNavClient.xhtml?bill_id=201520160SB792\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Senate Bill 792\u003c/a>\u003c/strong>, by Sen. Tony Mendoza (D-Artesia), which requires day care providers to be vaccinated.\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>\u003ca href=\"http://leginfo.legislature.ca.gov/faces/billNavClient.xhtml?bill_id=201520160AB216\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">\u003cstrong>Assembly Bill 216,\u003c/strong> \u003c/a>by Cristina Garcia (D-Bell Gardens), prohibits the sale of electronic cigarettes to minors, even if the device does not contain tobacco.\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>And \u003cstrong>\u003ca href=\"http://leginfo.legislature.ca.gov/faces/billTextClient.xhtml?bill_id=201520160AB960\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Assembly Bill 960\u003c/a>\u003c/strong> by San Francisco Assemblyman David Chiu, a Democrat, makes it easier for people to donate sperm or eggs and for unmarried parents who use assisted reproduction to be recognized as legal guardians.\u003c/li>\n\u003c/ul>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Workers Rights and Equality\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Lawmakers and the governor couldn’t agree on much around affordable housing, but they did back a number of bills expanding workers rights, particularly for women and parents — including a groundbreaking gender pay bill.\u003c/p>\n\u003cul>\n\u003cli>\u003ca href=\"http://leginfo.legislature.ca.gov/faces/billNavClient.xhtml?bill_id=201520160SB358\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">\u003cstrong>Senate Bill 358\u003c/strong>\u003c/a> by Sen. Jackson has been framed as \u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/news/2015/10/07/california-governor-signs-legislation-targeting-wage-gap\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">among the nation’s strongest laws\u003c/a> seeking to close the wage gap between men and women. It aims to do that by \u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/news/2015/08/31/equal-pay-bill-heads-to-governors-desk-for-promised-signature\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">closing some loopholes \u003c/a>that allowed employers to defend disparate wages for men and women — namely specifying that women must be paid the same as their male colleagues “for substantially similar work,” and allowing employees to challenge wage gaps that exist at different worksites. It seeks to give women more ability to figure out when disparities exist by barring retaliation against women who discuss their pay or ask about the salaries of colleagues.\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>\u003ca href=\"http://leginfo.legislature.ca.gov/faces/billNavClient.xhtml?bill_id=201520160SB579\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">\u003cstrong>Senate Bill 579\u003c/strong>\u003c/a>, also by Jackson, expands family leave laws to allow parents to take time off work to respond to child-care emergencies or enroll kids in school or child care.\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>\u003ca href=\"http://leginfo.legislature.ca.gov/faces/billNavClient.xhtml?bill_id=201520160AB277\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">\u003cstrong>Assembly Bill 202\u003c/strong>\u003c/a> by Assemblywoman Lorena Gonzalez (D-San Diego) — a former Stanford cheerleader — requires professional sports teams to treat their cheerleaders as full-time employees, not contractors. It grew out of disputes over pay for the entertainers for teams that included the Oakland Raiders, who \u003ca href=\"http://www.latimes.com/local/abcarian/la-me-ra-raiders-settle-cheerleader-lawsuit-20140904-column.html\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">settled a class-action wage theft lawsuit last year\u003c/a>.\u003c/li>\n\u003c/ul>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Foster Care\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The plight of foster kids was in the news a lot in 2015, particularly after a San Jose Mercury News series \u003ca href=\"http://webspecial.mercurynews.com/druggedkids/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">documenting the shocking number of foster children on psychotropic medication\u003c/a>. Several new laws seek to tackle that and other issues.\u003c/p>\n\u003cul>\n\u003cli>\u003cstrong>\u003ca href=\"http://leginfo.legislature.ca.gov/faces/billNavClient.xhtml?bill_id=201520160SB238\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Senate Bill 238\u003c/a> \u003c/strong>by Sen. Mitchell gives child welfare social workers better oversight of mental health treatment for foster kids, including the prescription of psychotropic medications.\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>\u003cstrong>\u003ca href=\"http://leginfo.legislature.ca.gov/faces/billNavClient.xhtml?bill_id=201520160SB731\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Senate Bill 731\u003c/a>\u003c/strong> by Sen. Leno aims to keep transgender foster kids safe by giving them the right to placements with families that support their gender identity.\u003c/li>\n\u003c/ul>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Voting Rights\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>While some states have seen efforts to roll back their voting rights laws, California passed a major law to expand ballot box engagement as well as measures dealing with ballot initiatives and campaign finance.\u003c/p>\n\u003cul>\n\u003cli>\u003cstrong>\u003ca href=\"http://leginfo.legislature.ca.gov/faces/billNavClient.xhtml?bill_id=201520160AB1461\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Assembly Bill 1461, \u003c/a>\u003c/strong>by Assemblywoman Gonzalez, is known as the “motor voter” law. Sponsored by Secretary of State Alex Padilla, it registers people to vote when they receive or renew their driver’s license, unless they opt out.\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>\u003cstrong>\u003ca href=\"http://leginfo.legislature.ca.gov/faces/billNavClient.xhtml?bill_id=201520160AB990\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Assembly Bill 990\u003c/a>,\u003c/strong> by Assemblywoman Susan Bonilla (D-Concord), requires clearer disclosure on campaign fliers so it’s apparent who is paying for them. It took effect in October.\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>AB1100, by Assemblyman Evan Low (D-Campbell), raises the filing fee for ballot measures from $200 to $2,000 to discourage abuse.\u003c/li>\n\u003c/ul>\n\u003cp>[ad floatright]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Everything else\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cul>\n\u003cli>\u003cstrong>\u003ca href=\"http://leginfo.legislature.ca.gov/faces/billNavClient.xhtml?bill_id=201520160AB40\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Assembly Bill 40\u003c/a>,\u003c/strong> by Assemblyman Phil Ting (D-San Francisco), bars the Golden Gate Bridge District and other state-owned bridges from charging tolls to pedestrians and bicyclists.\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>\u003cstrong>\u003ca href=\"http://leginfo.legislature.ca.gov/faces/billNavClient.xhtml?bill_id=201520160AB774\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Assembly Bill 774\u003c/a>,\u003c/strong> by Assemblyman Mark Levine (D-Marin), allows beer tastings at farmers markets.\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>\u003cstrong>\u003ca href=\"http://leginfo.legislature.ca.gov/faces/billNavClient.xhtml?bill_id=201520160AB1116\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Assembly Bill 1116\u003c/a>, \u003c/strong>by Assemblyman Gatto, protects Californians from television voice-recognition features that could surreptitiously record private conversations.\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>\u003ca href=\"http://leginfo.legislature.ca.gov/faces/billNavClient.xhtml?bill_id=201520160AB30\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">\u003cstrong>Assembly Bill 30,\u003c/strong> \u003c/a>by Assemblyman Luis Alejo (D-Salinas), takes effect in 2017 and bars schools from using “Redskins” as their mascot.\u003c/li>\n\u003c/ul>\n\n",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>It was a big year, legislatively, in Sacramento: With the budget wrapped up in June, lawmakers passed hundreds of laws dealing with everything from climate change to workers rights. Here’s KQED’s annual roundup of highlights.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>All of these bills take effect Jan. 1, unless we note otherwise.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003cdiv class='utils-parseShortcode-shortcodes-__shortcodes__shortcodeWrapper'>\n \u003ciframe width='”100%”' height='”166″'\n scrolling='no' frameborder='no'\n src='https://w.soundcloud.com/player/?url=”https://api.soundcloud.com/tracks/239851144″&visual=true&”color=ff5500&auto_play=false&hide_related=false&show_comments=true&show_user=true&show_reposts=false”'\n title='”https://api.soundcloud.com/tracks/239851144″'>\n \u003c/iframe>\n \u003c/div>\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Climate Change and the Environment\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Addressing global warming loomed large in Sacramento, after Gov. Jerry Brown and Senate President pro tem Kevin de León (D-Los Angeles), both made the issue their top priority in 2015. The state’s drought also received some attention, though most of the rules around water use were handled administratively by the state’s water board.\u003c/p>\n\u003cul>\n\u003cli>\u003cstrong>\u003ca href=\"http://leginfo.legislature.ca.gov/faces/billNavClient.xhtml?bill_id=201520160SB350\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Senate Bill 350\u003c/a>\u003c/strong>: De León’s signature climate change legislation wasn’t as ambitious as he’d hoped, after the \u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/news/Democrats-strip-oil-goal-from-climate-legislation\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">oil industry killed a target\u003c/a> of cutting in half gas consumption over the next 15 years. But it’s still groundbreaking, mandating that 50 percent of California electricity come from renewable sources by 2030, and doubling energy efficiency requirements for existing buildings.\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>\u003cstrong>\u003ca href=\"http://leginfo.legislature.ca.gov/faces/billNavClient.xhtml?bill_id=201520160AB1288\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Assembly Bill 1288\u003c/a>\u003c/strong>: Authored by Assembly Speaker Toni Atkins (D-San Diego), this bill seeks to bring different voices to the state’s powerful Air Resources Board by expanding its membership to 14. The two new appointees will be named by the Legislature and must represent someone who works directly with the most polluted communities in the state.\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>\u003cstrong>Senate Bills \u003ca href=\"http://leginfo.legislature.ca.gov/faces/billNavClient.xhtml?bill_id=201520160SB295\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">295\u003c/a>\u003c/strong> and \u003cstrong>\u003ca href=\"http://leginfo.legislature.ca.gov/faces/billNavClient.xhtml?bill_id=201520160SB414\">414\u003c/a>\u003c/strong> were introduced by Central Coast Democrat Sen. Hannah-Beth Jackson after \u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/news/2015/05/20/crews-struggle-to-clean-up-oil-spill-near-santa-barbara\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">the Santa Barbara oil spill\u003c/a> in May. The legislation will increase oil pipeline inspections and make oil spill cleanup quicker and more effective by requiring state officials to study new chemical dispersants and coordinate more cleanup drills with federal agencies.\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>To encourage water conservation, lawmakers passed both\u003cstrong> \u003ca href=\"http://leginfo.legislature.ca.gov/faces/billNavClient.xhtml?bill_id=201520160AB1\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Assembly Bill 1\u003c/a>\u003c/strong> by Assemblywoman Cheryl Brown, D-San Bernardino, and\u003cstrong>\u003ca href=\"http://leginfo.legislature.ca.gov/faces/billNavClient.xhtml?bill_id=201520160AB1164\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"> Assembly Bill 1164\u003c/a>\u003c/strong> by Glendale Assemblyman Mike Gatto. AB1 prohibits localities from fining residents for letting their lawns turn brown; AB1164, which took effect in the summer, prohibits localities from forbidding drought-tolerant landscaping, including artificial turf.\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>Two groundbreaking environmental restrictions were also approved in 2015 but won’t take effect immediately. \u003cstrong>\u003ca href=\"http://leginfo.legislature.ca.gov/faces/billNavClient.xhtml?bill_id=201520160AB96\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Assembly Bill 96\u003c/a>\u003c/strong>, by Atkins, will ban the import, selling or possession of ivory beginning July 1, 2016; and\u003ca href=\"http://leginfo.legislature.ca.gov/faces/billNavClient.xhtml?bill_id=201520160AB888\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">\u003cstrong> Assembly Bill 888,\u003c/strong> \u003c/a>by Santa Monica Democrat Richard Bloom, will ban the sale of personal products containing environmentally harmful plastic microbeads, come January 2020.\u003c/li>\n\u003c/ul>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Criminal Justice\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Even with Brown’s veto of a number of criminal bills, the Legislature managed to pass dozens of laws addressing crime and law enforcement.\u003c/p>\n\u003cul>\n\u003cli>The governor signed several bills aimed at making police departments more accountable. \u003cstrong>\u003ca href=\"http://leginfo.legislature.ca.gov/faces/billTextClient.xhtml?bill_id=201520160AB953\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Assembly Bill 953\u003c/a>,\u003c/strong> by Assemblywoman Shirley Weber (D-San Diego), mandates a system for law enforcement to collect information on each stop they make, data that would have to be reported to the attorney general each year. The law also expands the state’s definition of profiling beyond race to include things such as gender, national origin, religion and sexual orientation. Another bill that grew from recent protests over police behavior is \u003ca href=\"http://leginfo.legislature.ca.gov/faces/billNavClient.xhtml?bill_id=201520160SB411\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">\u003cstrong>Senate Bill 411,\u003c/strong> \u003c/a>by Sen. Ricardo Lara (D-Bell Gardens), which clarifies that the public is allowed to take video of a police officer. And \u003cstrong>\u003ca href=\"http://leginfo.legislature.ca.gov/faces/billNavClient.xhtml?bill_id=201520160SB227\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Senate Bill 227\u003c/a>,\u003c/strong> by Los Angeles Democrat Holly Mitchell, bars the use of grand juries in police shooting investigations.\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>Sen. Mark Leno (D-San Francisco) fought hard for \u003cstrong>\u003ca href=\"http://leginfo.legislature.ca.gov/faces/billNavClient.xhtml?bill_id=201520160SB178\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Senate Bill 178\u003c/a>,\u003c/strong> after seeing previous versions vetoed by Gov. Brown. The bill requires law enforcement to secure a court-ordered search warrant before inspecting electronic information stored on electronic devices like computers or cellphones.\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>Lawmakers and the governor \u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/news/2015/09/11/Lawmakers-agree-on-medical-marijuana-regulations\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">finally came together around comprehensive statewide medical marijuana regulations\u003c/a> in 2015 — nearly two decades after it became legal in California and a year ahead of the plant’s potential full legalization by voters. \u003cstrong>\u003ca href=\"http://leginfo.legislature.ca.gov/faces/billNavClient.xhtml?bill_id=201520160AB243\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Assembly Bills 243\u003c/a> \u003c/strong>and \u003cstrong>\u003ca href=\"http://leginfo.legislature.ca.gov/faces/billNavClient.xhtml?bill_id=201520160AB266\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">266\u003c/a>\u003c/strong> and \u003cstrong>\u003cstrong>\u003ca href=\"http://leginfo.legislature.ca.gov/faces/billNavClient.xhtml?bill_id=201520160SB643\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Senate Bill 643 \u003c/a>\u003c/strong>\u003c/strong>create a new agency, the state Bureau of Medical Marijuana Regulation, under the Department of Consumer Affairs. The bureau, jokingly nicknamed “BUMMER,” will be charged with licensing the entire medical marijuana supply chain, including the growing process, safety testing, transportation, distribution and sales.\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>Two new gun control laws will take effect in January: \u003cstrong>\u003ca href=\"http://leginfo.legislature.ca.gov/faces/billNavClient.xhtml?bill_id=201520160SB707\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Senate Bill 707, \u003c/a>\u003c/strong>by Sen. Lois Wolk (D-Davis), bars concealed weapons on school campuses, while \u003cstrong>\u003ca href=\"http://leginfo.legislature.ca.gov/faces/billNavClient.xhtml?bill_id=201320140AB1014\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Assembly Bill 1014\u003c/a>\u003c/strong>, a 2013 measure by former Assemblywoman Nancy Skinner (D-Berkeley), allows families and law enforcement to seek a court-ordered temporary restraining order to remove someone’s firearms if they pose a threat.\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>Sen. Loni Hancock (D-Berkeley) authored two measures aimed at making it easier for some people to secure release from behind bars. \u003cstrong>\u003ca href=\"http://leginfo.legislature.ca.gov/faces/billNavClient.xhtml?bill_id=201520160SB261\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Senate Bill 261\u003c/a> \u003c/strong>requires the parole board to consider the release of many offenders in state prison who committed their crimes under the age of 23. \u003cstrong>\u003ca href=\"http://leginfo.legislature.ca.gov/faces/billNavClient.xhtml?bill_id=201520160SB230\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Senate Bill 230\u003c/a>\u003c/strong> mandates that the parole board release prisoners once they are found suitable to leave prison.\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>\u003ca href=\"http://leginfo.legislature.ca.gov/faces/billTextClient.xhtml?bill_id=201520160SB230\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">\u003cstrong>Senate Bill 405\u003c/strong>\u003c/a> has already taken effect. Authored by Sen. Bob Hertzberg (D-Los Angeles), the measure \u003ca href=\"http://sd18.senate.ca.gov/news/9302015-governor-signs-sen-bob-hertzberg-plan-allowing-motorists-fight-tickets-paying-fines\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">lets people contest a traffic ticket \u003c/a>without first paying the fine.\u003c/li>\n\u003c/ul>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Health Care \u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Vaccinations and assisted suicide dominated discussion at the Capitol, though lawmakers also tackled questions of insurance rules and passed one measure regulating electronic cigarettes, while killing a slew of other tobacco-related bills. (For more detail on new health laws, \u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/stateofhealth/2015/12/30/californias-new-health-laws-coming-in-2016/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">visit our State of Health blog\u003c/a>.)\u003c/p>\n\u003cul>\n\u003cli>\u003ca href=\"http://leginfo.legislature.ca.gov/faces/billNavClient.xhtml?bill_id=201520160AB277\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">\u003cstrong>Senate Bill 277\u003c/strong>\u003c/a> ended California’s personal belief exemption for vaccinations and \u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/stateofhealth/2015/06/29/bill-ending-vaccine-exemptions-passes-california-senate-moves-to-governors-desk/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">makes the state’s vaccine laws among the strictest in the nation\u003c/a>. Beginning July 1, it requires parents to vaccinate their kids in order for them to attend school, unless they have a medical reason. Authored by Sen. Richard Pan (D-Sacramento), it was among the year’s most hotly contested measures. With far less debate, lawmakers also approved \u003cstrong>\u003ca href=\"http://leginfo.legislature.ca.gov/faces/billNavClient.xhtml?bill_id=201520160SB792\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Senate Bill 792\u003c/a>\u003c/strong>, by Sen. Tony Mendoza (D-Artesia), which requires day care providers to be vaccinated.\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>\u003ca href=\"http://leginfo.legislature.ca.gov/faces/billNavClient.xhtml?bill_id=201520160AB216\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">\u003cstrong>Assembly Bill 216,\u003c/strong> \u003c/a>by Cristina Garcia (D-Bell Gardens), prohibits the sale of electronic cigarettes to minors, even if the device does not contain tobacco.\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>And \u003cstrong>\u003ca href=\"http://leginfo.legislature.ca.gov/faces/billTextClient.xhtml?bill_id=201520160AB960\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Assembly Bill 960\u003c/a>\u003c/strong> by San Francisco Assemblyman David Chiu, a Democrat, makes it easier for people to donate sperm or eggs and for unmarried parents who use assisted reproduction to be recognized as legal guardians.\u003c/li>\n\u003c/ul>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Workers Rights and Equality\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Lawmakers and the governor couldn’t agree on much around affordable housing, but they did back a number of bills expanding workers rights, particularly for women and parents — including a groundbreaking gender pay bill.\u003c/p>\n\u003cul>\n\u003cli>\u003ca href=\"http://leginfo.legislature.ca.gov/faces/billNavClient.xhtml?bill_id=201520160SB358\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">\u003cstrong>Senate Bill 358\u003c/strong>\u003c/a> by Sen. Jackson has been framed as \u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/news/2015/10/07/california-governor-signs-legislation-targeting-wage-gap\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">among the nation’s strongest laws\u003c/a> seeking to close the wage gap between men and women. It aims to do that by \u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/news/2015/08/31/equal-pay-bill-heads-to-governors-desk-for-promised-signature\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">closing some loopholes \u003c/a>that allowed employers to defend disparate wages for men and women — namely specifying that women must be paid the same as their male colleagues “for substantially similar work,” and allowing employees to challenge wage gaps that exist at different worksites. It seeks to give women more ability to figure out when disparities exist by barring retaliation against women who discuss their pay or ask about the salaries of colleagues.\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>\u003ca href=\"http://leginfo.legislature.ca.gov/faces/billNavClient.xhtml?bill_id=201520160SB579\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">\u003cstrong>Senate Bill 579\u003c/strong>\u003c/a>, also by Jackson, expands family leave laws to allow parents to take time off work to respond to child-care emergencies or enroll kids in school or child care.\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>\u003ca href=\"http://leginfo.legislature.ca.gov/faces/billNavClient.xhtml?bill_id=201520160AB277\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">\u003cstrong>Assembly Bill 202\u003c/strong>\u003c/a> by Assemblywoman Lorena Gonzalez (D-San Diego) — a former Stanford cheerleader — requires professional sports teams to treat their cheerleaders as full-time employees, not contractors. It grew out of disputes over pay for the entertainers for teams that included the Oakland Raiders, who \u003ca href=\"http://www.latimes.com/local/abcarian/la-me-ra-raiders-settle-cheerleader-lawsuit-20140904-column.html\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">settled a class-action wage theft lawsuit last year\u003c/a>.\u003c/li>\n\u003c/ul>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Foster Care\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The plight of foster kids was in the news a lot in 2015, particularly after a San Jose Mercury News series \u003ca href=\"http://webspecial.mercurynews.com/druggedkids/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">documenting the shocking number of foster children on psychotropic medication\u003c/a>. Several new laws seek to tackle that and other issues.\u003c/p>\n\u003cul>\n\u003cli>\u003cstrong>\u003ca href=\"http://leginfo.legislature.ca.gov/faces/billNavClient.xhtml?bill_id=201520160SB238\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Senate Bill 238\u003c/a> \u003c/strong>by Sen. Mitchell gives child welfare social workers better oversight of mental health treatment for foster kids, including the prescription of psychotropic medications.\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>\u003cstrong>\u003ca href=\"http://leginfo.legislature.ca.gov/faces/billNavClient.xhtml?bill_id=201520160SB731\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Senate Bill 731\u003c/a>\u003c/strong> by Sen. Leno aims to keep transgender foster kids safe by giving them the right to placements with families that support their gender identity.\u003c/li>\n\u003c/ul>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Voting Rights\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>While some states have seen efforts to roll back their voting rights laws, California passed a major law to expand ballot box engagement as well as measures dealing with ballot initiatives and campaign finance.\u003c/p>\n\u003cul>\n\u003cli>\u003cstrong>\u003ca href=\"http://leginfo.legislature.ca.gov/faces/billNavClient.xhtml?bill_id=201520160AB1461\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Assembly Bill 1461, \u003c/a>\u003c/strong>by Assemblywoman Gonzalez, is known as the “motor voter” law. Sponsored by Secretary of State Alex Padilla, it registers people to vote when they receive or renew their driver’s license, unless they opt out.\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>\u003cstrong>\u003ca href=\"http://leginfo.legislature.ca.gov/faces/billNavClient.xhtml?bill_id=201520160AB990\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Assembly Bill 990\u003c/a>,\u003c/strong> by Assemblywoman Susan Bonilla (D-Concord), requires clearer disclosure on campaign fliers so it’s apparent who is paying for them. It took effect in October.\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>AB1100, by Assemblyman Evan Low (D-Campbell), raises the filing fee for ballot measures from $200 to $2,000 to discourage abuse.\u003c/li>\n\u003c/ul>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Everything else\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cul>\n\u003cli>\u003cstrong>\u003ca href=\"http://leginfo.legislature.ca.gov/faces/billNavClient.xhtml?bill_id=201520160AB40\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Assembly Bill 40\u003c/a>,\u003c/strong> by Assemblyman Phil Ting (D-San Francisco), bars the Golden Gate Bridge District and other state-owned bridges from charging tolls to pedestrians and bicyclists.\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>\u003cstrong>\u003ca href=\"http://leginfo.legislature.ca.gov/faces/billNavClient.xhtml?bill_id=201520160AB774\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Assembly Bill 774\u003c/a>,\u003c/strong> by Assemblyman Mark Levine (D-Marin), allows beer tastings at farmers markets.\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>\u003cstrong>\u003ca href=\"http://leginfo.legislature.ca.gov/faces/billNavClient.xhtml?bill_id=201520160AB1116\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Assembly Bill 1116\u003c/a>, \u003c/strong>by Assemblyman Gatto, protects Californians from television voice-recognition features that could surreptitiously record private conversations.\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>\u003ca href=\"http://leginfo.legislature.ca.gov/faces/billNavClient.xhtml?bill_id=201520160AB30\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">\u003cstrong>Assembly Bill 30,\u003c/strong> \u003c/a>by Assemblyman Luis Alejo (D-Salinas), takes effect in 2017 and bars schools from using “Redskins” as their mascot.\u003c/li>\n\u003c/ul>\n\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>",
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"disqusTitle": "How the 'Vietnamese Madonna' Became a Sandwich Maven in Orange County",
"title": "How the 'Vietnamese Madonna' Became a Sandwich Maven in Orange County",
"headTitle": "California Foodways | The California Report | KQED News",
"content": "\u003cp>In Orange County, California, there’s no shortage of restaurants selling bánh mì, that delicious Vietnamese sandwich featuring a crunchy baguette filled with grilled meat, pate, and fresh and pickled vegetables. The county's Little Saigon is home to the largest Vietnamese population outside Vietnam. But go to the town of Westminster and you can see a pop star behind the counter, a woman known as the \"Vietnamese Madonna.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[soundcloud url=\"https://api.soundcloud.com/tracks/216225838\" params=\"color=ff5500&auto_play=false&hide_related=false&show_comments=true&show_user=true&show_reposts=false\" width=\"100%\" height=\"166\" iframe=\"true\" /]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Lynda Trang Dai is the most glamorous proprietor of a sandwich shop I’ve ever seen. She sports stiletto heels, a short skirt and perfect makeup -- including false eyelashes. She’s also a bit of a diva. She makes me wait two hours to interview her! Yet in between text messages and phone calls, \u003cem>she’s\u003c/em> the one running to the kitchen -- checking an industrial mixer as it churns a special sauce for the sandwiches. She’s the only one who knows the recipe.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Her shop, Lynda Sandwich, sit in the middle of a parking lot in a strip mall. Inside, though, it feels like a posh living room, with lush plants, brightly painted murals of her idols like Michael Jackson and Marilyn Monroe, and a wide-screen TV playing the Food Network. There’s also a wall of fame, with framed images of Vietnamese-American singers, but Lynda Trang Dai might be more famous than any of them.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_10614788\" class=\"wp-caption alignright\" style=\"max-width: 800px\">\u003cimg src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2015/07/LyndaStorefront-800x603.jpg\" alt=\"The storefront of Lynda Sandwich in Westminster, Orange County.\" width=\"800\" height=\"603\" class=\"size-medium wp-image-10614788\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2015/07/LyndaStorefront-800x603.jpg 800w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2015/07/LyndaStorefront-400x301.jpg 400w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2015/07/LyndaStorefront-1440x1085.jpg 1440w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2015/07/LyndaStorefront-1400x1054.jpg 1400w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2015/07/LyndaStorefront-1180x889.jpg 1180w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2015/07/LyndaStorefront-960x723.jpg 960w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2015/07/LyndaStorefront.jpg 1920w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">The storefront of Lynda Sandwich in Westminster, Orange County. \u003ccite>(Vickie Ly/KQED)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>“I used to watch her in videos with my parents when I was a kid growing up. So, she's pretty famous among the Vietnamese community,” says customer Patrick Pham, adding sheepishly, “I never met her, personally,” even though she’s actually at a table just a few feet away.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>He’s clearly star-struck, but he insists he comes for the bánh mì. “They have really good food here. Yeah, it's really simple, you know what I mean?\" he says. \"I think the whole baguette came from like France, when they colonized us for 100 years.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Another customer, Javier Alcala, works at the local community college. He’s eating his favorite \u003cem>cha tom\u003c/em>, a slightly unconventional bánh mì with shrimp cake. Alcala first came in out of curiosity. For years he’d seen posters around town, announcing the singer’s concerts, so he wanted to come in and try the food made by the Madonna of Little Saigon.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Lynda Trang Dai’s journey to Orange County was pretty arduous, but as she talks even about her earliest days, in the ‘70s in central Vietnam, it’s clear that food has always been a driving force.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_10614792\" class=\"wp-caption alignleft\" style=\"max-width: 800px\">\u003cimg src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2015/07/LyndaInside-800x805.jpg\" alt=\"Lynda Trang Dai's shop features framed images of Vietnamese-American singers, but she might be more famous than any of them.\" width=\"800\" height=\"805\" class=\"size-medium wp-image-10614792\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2015/07/LyndaInside-800x805.jpg 800w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2015/07/LyndaInside-400x403.jpg 400w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2015/07/LyndaInside-1440x1450.jpg 1440w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2015/07/LyndaInside-1400x1409.jpg 1400w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2015/07/LyndaInside-1180x1188.jpg 1180w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2015/07/LyndaInside-960x967.jpg 960w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2015/07/LyndaInside-32x32.jpg 32w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2015/07/LyndaInside-64x64.jpg 64w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2015/07/LyndaInside-96x96.jpg 96w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2015/07/LyndaInside-128x128.jpg 128w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2015/07/LyndaInside-75x75.jpg 75w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2015/07/LyndaInside.jpg 1920w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Lynda Trang Dai's shop features framed images of Vietnamese-American singers, but she might be more famous than any of them. \u003ccite>(Vickie Ly/KQED)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>“I remember sitting on this wooden table. My grandmother taught me how to make \u003cem>bánh bèo\u003c/em>, dough with shrimp on it,” a dish she still loves.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>After the war, her family went from well-off to poor, and she remembers, “I would buy fruit, a whole big watermelon, cut it up, and sell it and make money.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Then, in 1979, her father got tipped off that the government was going to investigate him on suspicion of aiding the CIA during the war. They escaped at 2:00 in the morning, family members split between tiny boats.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“We had to be quiet, so quiet,” Lynda remembers. “It was scary. If we got caught, we'd go to jail.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>They went through storms and ran out of food, and finally found some refuge on a Chinese island, where she says they were fed rice with sugar. “It’s strange to eat rice with sugar, but it was so good at the time,” she says.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>They got back on the water, headed for Hong Kong, and then saw the large British ship that would save them. They all started waving.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“I could never forget. It was just unbelievable, the most amazing moment,” Lynda remembers, choking up. “When we got up for them to rescue us into land, they gave us croissants. That was like going from hell to heaven.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_10614790\" class=\"wp-caption alignright\" style=\"max-width: 800px\">\u003cimg src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2015/07/BanhMi-800x532.jpg\" alt=\"One of Lynda's signature bánh mì.\" width=\"800\" height=\"532\" class=\"size-medium wp-image-10614790\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2015/07/BanhMi-800x532.jpg 800w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2015/07/BanhMi-400x266.jpg 400w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2015/07/BanhMi-1440x958.jpg 1440w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2015/07/BanhMi-1400x931.jpg 1400w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2015/07/BanhMi-1180x785.jpg 1180w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2015/07/BanhMi-960x639.jpg 960w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2015/07/BanhMi.jpg 1920w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">One of Lynda's signature bánh mì. \u003ccite>(Vickie Ly/KQED)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>But when her family got to the United States, she developed another passion, and found her first career. She always loved to sing, the first to volunteer in elementary school, she says. As a high school student she started performing in tiny venues around Little Saigon, putting up her own fliers. \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>And then one night she was discovered singing at a club. She was invited to film her first spot in a variety show called \"Paris By Night\" -- a hugely popular video series -- so she missed her high school graduation and flew to France.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>She became a star, dressing provocatively, singing in both English and Vietnamese, a draw for young Vietnamese-Americans. In the '90s in any home throughout the Vietnamese diaspora, you’d probably find a VHS tape featuring Lynda Trang Dai. The videos even made it back to Vietnam in a kind of gray market.\u003c/p>\n\u003caside class=\"pullquote alignleft\">'Sometimes when I travel to sing on a tour, I would be up all night making sauce, and just sleep on the plane.'\u003c/aside>\n\u003cp>“Back then, it's illegal to watch,” Lynda explains, adding that if people got caught they could go to jail. But an estimated 72 million people in Vietnam did watch.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Lynda started touring Vietnamese communities around the U.S. and the world, but her obsession with Vietnamese food remained constant. She says the first time she went to Australia, she brought food on the plane with her, including \u003cem>bánh bèo \u003c/em>and a noodle soup that she asked the flight attendant to heat up.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“All the other Vietnamese singers would look at me, like, ‘You are so weird,’ ” she says. But she found good Vietnamese food all over the world, and started a kind of ritual wherever she touched down.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“In any city I'd go to, I'd just check in on the hotel, throw all my luggage down and go and find a Vietnamese restaurant, that’s it,” she says.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_10614785\" class=\"wp-caption alignright\" style=\"max-width: 800px\">\u003cimg src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2015/07/LyndaPerforming-800x562.jpg\" alt=\"Lynda Trang Dai at a recent performance.\" width=\"800\" height=\"562\" class=\"size-medium wp-image-10614785\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2015/07/LyndaPerforming-800x562.jpg 800w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2015/07/LyndaPerforming-400x281.jpg 400w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2015/07/LyndaPerforming-1440x1012.jpg 1440w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2015/07/LyndaPerforming-1400x984.jpg 1400w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2015/07/LyndaPerforming-1180x829.jpg 1180w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2015/07/LyndaPerforming-960x675.jpg 960w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2015/07/LyndaPerforming.jpg 1920w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Lynda Trang Dai at a recent performance. \u003ccite>(Vickie Ly/KQED)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>She still tours a lot, but when I visit she’s performing in Westminster with her contemporaries in a banquet hall, just a few hundred feet away from her bánh mì shop. People in the crowd are dressed to the nines, including sisters Hang and Juliette Nguyen. They came from L.A. to see this show.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>When they were younger, the sisters say, these were the big Vietnamese stars. They used to watch them on videos, and go to their concerts whenever they came to the South.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The sisters say there weren’t a lot of Vietnamese people in Alabama in the '80s. Tonight the singer is dressed in a barely-there strappy outfit. It fits the image the sisters remember: the sex symbol among Vietnamese singers. She was the \"Vietnamese Madonna,” they say in unison.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>That comparison thrills Lynda, who is in her late 40s, but she says she worked hard to communicate to the larger community that it was just her onstage persona. “When I’m off stage I’m like 100 percent completely different, a total Vietnamese traditional girl who takes care of their family, food on the table, everything,\" she says.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Case in point: She started her sandwich shop as a business with her family, and though a small staff does most of the food prep and sales, Lynda Trang Dai is still is the only one to make the special Lynda Sauce.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Sometimes when I travel to Australia to sing on a tour, or to Europe, I would be up all night here making sauce, and just sleep on the plane if I have to.” Anything, she says, for a great meal.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>This story was originally produced for KCRW’s \u003ca href=\"http://www.kcrw.com/news-culture/independent-producer-project\">Independent Producers Project\u003c/a> while Morehouse was at a residency at \u003ca href=\"http://www.mesarefuge.org/\">Mesa Refuge\u003c/a>. The series \u003ca href=\"http://californiafoodways.com/\">California Foodways\u003c/a> is supported by \u003ca href=\"http://www.calhum.org/\">Cal Humanities\u003c/a>.\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad floatright]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>This article was originally published on July 25, 2015.\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\n",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>In Orange County, California, there’s no shortage of restaurants selling bánh mì, that delicious Vietnamese sandwich featuring a crunchy baguette filled with grilled meat, pate, and fresh and pickled vegetables. The county's Little Saigon is home to the largest Vietnamese population outside Vietnam. But go to the town of Westminster and you can see a pop star behind the counter, a woman known as the \"Vietnamese Madonna.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003cdiv class='utils-parseShortcode-shortcodes-__shortcodes__shortcodeWrapper'>\n \u003ciframe width='100%' height='166'\n scrolling='no' frameborder='no'\n src='https://w.soundcloud.com/player/?url=https://api.soundcloud.com/tracks/216225838&visual=true&color=ff5500&auto_play=false&hide_related=false&show_comments=true&show_user=true&show_reposts=false'\n title='https://api.soundcloud.com/tracks/216225838'>\n \u003c/iframe>\n \u003c/div>\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Lynda Trang Dai is the most glamorous proprietor of a sandwich shop I’ve ever seen. She sports stiletto heels, a short skirt and perfect makeup -- including false eyelashes. She’s also a bit of a diva. She makes me wait two hours to interview her! Yet in between text messages and phone calls, \u003cem>she’s\u003c/em> the one running to the kitchen -- checking an industrial mixer as it churns a special sauce for the sandwiches. She’s the only one who knows the recipe.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Her shop, Lynda Sandwich, sit in the middle of a parking lot in a strip mall. Inside, though, it feels like a posh living room, with lush plants, brightly painted murals of her idols like Michael Jackson and Marilyn Monroe, and a wide-screen TV playing the Food Network. There’s also a wall of fame, with framed images of Vietnamese-American singers, but Lynda Trang Dai might be more famous than any of them.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_10614788\" class=\"wp-caption alignright\" style=\"max-width: 800px\">\u003cimg src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2015/07/LyndaStorefront-800x603.jpg\" alt=\"The storefront of Lynda Sandwich in Westminster, Orange County.\" width=\"800\" height=\"603\" class=\"size-medium wp-image-10614788\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2015/07/LyndaStorefront-800x603.jpg 800w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2015/07/LyndaStorefront-400x301.jpg 400w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2015/07/LyndaStorefront-1440x1085.jpg 1440w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2015/07/LyndaStorefront-1400x1054.jpg 1400w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2015/07/LyndaStorefront-1180x889.jpg 1180w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2015/07/LyndaStorefront-960x723.jpg 960w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2015/07/LyndaStorefront.jpg 1920w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">The storefront of Lynda Sandwich in Westminster, Orange County. \u003ccite>(Vickie Ly/KQED)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>“I used to watch her in videos with my parents when I was a kid growing up. So, she's pretty famous among the Vietnamese community,” says customer Patrick Pham, adding sheepishly, “I never met her, personally,” even though she’s actually at a table just a few feet away.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>He’s clearly star-struck, but he insists he comes for the bánh mì. “They have really good food here. Yeah, it's really simple, you know what I mean?\" he says. \"I think the whole baguette came from like France, when they colonized us for 100 years.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Another customer, Javier Alcala, works at the local community college. He’s eating his favorite \u003cem>cha tom\u003c/em>, a slightly unconventional bánh mì with shrimp cake. Alcala first came in out of curiosity. For years he’d seen posters around town, announcing the singer’s concerts, so he wanted to come in and try the food made by the Madonna of Little Saigon.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Lynda Trang Dai’s journey to Orange County was pretty arduous, but as she talks even about her earliest days, in the ‘70s in central Vietnam, it’s clear that food has always been a driving force.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_10614792\" class=\"wp-caption alignleft\" style=\"max-width: 800px\">\u003cimg src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2015/07/LyndaInside-800x805.jpg\" alt=\"Lynda Trang Dai's shop features framed images of Vietnamese-American singers, but she might be more famous than any of them.\" width=\"800\" height=\"805\" class=\"size-medium wp-image-10614792\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2015/07/LyndaInside-800x805.jpg 800w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2015/07/LyndaInside-400x403.jpg 400w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2015/07/LyndaInside-1440x1450.jpg 1440w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2015/07/LyndaInside-1400x1409.jpg 1400w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2015/07/LyndaInside-1180x1188.jpg 1180w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2015/07/LyndaInside-960x967.jpg 960w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2015/07/LyndaInside-32x32.jpg 32w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2015/07/LyndaInside-64x64.jpg 64w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2015/07/LyndaInside-96x96.jpg 96w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2015/07/LyndaInside-128x128.jpg 128w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2015/07/LyndaInside-75x75.jpg 75w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2015/07/LyndaInside.jpg 1920w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Lynda Trang Dai's shop features framed images of Vietnamese-American singers, but she might be more famous than any of them. \u003ccite>(Vickie Ly/KQED)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>“I remember sitting on this wooden table. My grandmother taught me how to make \u003cem>bánh bèo\u003c/em>, dough with shrimp on it,” a dish she still loves.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>After the war, her family went from well-off to poor, and she remembers, “I would buy fruit, a whole big watermelon, cut it up, and sell it and make money.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Then, in 1979, her father got tipped off that the government was going to investigate him on suspicion of aiding the CIA during the war. They escaped at 2:00 in the morning, family members split between tiny boats.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“We had to be quiet, so quiet,” Lynda remembers. “It was scary. If we got caught, we'd go to jail.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>They went through storms and ran out of food, and finally found some refuge on a Chinese island, where she says they were fed rice with sugar. “It’s strange to eat rice with sugar, but it was so good at the time,” she says.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>They got back on the water, headed for Hong Kong, and then saw the large British ship that would save them. They all started waving.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“I could never forget. It was just unbelievable, the most amazing moment,” Lynda remembers, choking up. “When we got up for them to rescue us into land, they gave us croissants. That was like going from hell to heaven.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_10614790\" class=\"wp-caption alignright\" style=\"max-width: 800px\">\u003cimg src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2015/07/BanhMi-800x532.jpg\" alt=\"One of Lynda's signature bánh mì.\" width=\"800\" height=\"532\" class=\"size-medium wp-image-10614790\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2015/07/BanhMi-800x532.jpg 800w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2015/07/BanhMi-400x266.jpg 400w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2015/07/BanhMi-1440x958.jpg 1440w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2015/07/BanhMi-1400x931.jpg 1400w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2015/07/BanhMi-1180x785.jpg 1180w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2015/07/BanhMi-960x639.jpg 960w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2015/07/BanhMi.jpg 1920w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">One of Lynda's signature bánh mì. \u003ccite>(Vickie Ly/KQED)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>But when her family got to the United States, she developed another passion, and found her first career. She always loved to sing, the first to volunteer in elementary school, she says. As a high school student she started performing in tiny venues around Little Saigon, putting up her own fliers. \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>And then one night she was discovered singing at a club. She was invited to film her first spot in a variety show called \"Paris By Night\" -- a hugely popular video series -- so she missed her high school graduation and flew to France.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>She became a star, dressing provocatively, singing in both English and Vietnamese, a draw for young Vietnamese-Americans. In the '90s in any home throughout the Vietnamese diaspora, you’d probably find a VHS tape featuring Lynda Trang Dai. The videos even made it back to Vietnam in a kind of gray market.\u003c/p>\n\u003caside class=\"pullquote alignleft\">'Sometimes when I travel to sing on a tour, I would be up all night making sauce, and just sleep on the plane.'\u003c/aside>\n\u003cp>“Back then, it's illegal to watch,” Lynda explains, adding that if people got caught they could go to jail. But an estimated 72 million people in Vietnam did watch.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Lynda started touring Vietnamese communities around the U.S. and the world, but her obsession with Vietnamese food remained constant. She says the first time she went to Australia, she brought food on the plane with her, including \u003cem>bánh bèo \u003c/em>and a noodle soup that she asked the flight attendant to heat up.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“All the other Vietnamese singers would look at me, like, ‘You are so weird,’ ” she says. But she found good Vietnamese food all over the world, and started a kind of ritual wherever she touched down.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“In any city I'd go to, I'd just check in on the hotel, throw all my luggage down and go and find a Vietnamese restaurant, that’s it,” she says.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_10614785\" class=\"wp-caption alignright\" style=\"max-width: 800px\">\u003cimg src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2015/07/LyndaPerforming-800x562.jpg\" alt=\"Lynda Trang Dai at a recent performance.\" width=\"800\" height=\"562\" class=\"size-medium wp-image-10614785\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2015/07/LyndaPerforming-800x562.jpg 800w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2015/07/LyndaPerforming-400x281.jpg 400w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2015/07/LyndaPerforming-1440x1012.jpg 1440w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2015/07/LyndaPerforming-1400x984.jpg 1400w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2015/07/LyndaPerforming-1180x829.jpg 1180w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2015/07/LyndaPerforming-960x675.jpg 960w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2015/07/LyndaPerforming.jpg 1920w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Lynda Trang Dai at a recent performance. \u003ccite>(Vickie Ly/KQED)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>She still tours a lot, but when I visit she’s performing in Westminster with her contemporaries in a banquet hall, just a few hundred feet away from her bánh mì shop. People in the crowd are dressed to the nines, including sisters Hang and Juliette Nguyen. They came from L.A. to see this show.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>When they were younger, the sisters say, these were the big Vietnamese stars. They used to watch them on videos, and go to their concerts whenever they came to the South.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The sisters say there weren’t a lot of Vietnamese people in Alabama in the '80s. Tonight the singer is dressed in a barely-there strappy outfit. It fits the image the sisters remember: the sex symbol among Vietnamese singers. She was the \"Vietnamese Madonna,” they say in unison.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>That comparison thrills Lynda, who is in her late 40s, but she says she worked hard to communicate to the larger community that it was just her onstage persona. “When I’m off stage I’m like 100 percent completely different, a total Vietnamese traditional girl who takes care of their family, food on the table, everything,\" she says.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Case in point: She started her sandwich shop as a business with her family, and though a small staff does most of the food prep and sales, Lynda Trang Dai is still is the only one to make the special Lynda Sauce.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Sometimes when I travel to Australia to sing on a tour, or to Europe, I would be up all night here making sauce, and just sleep on the plane if I have to.” Anything, she says, for a great meal.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>This story was originally produced for KCRW’s \u003ca href=\"http://www.kcrw.com/news-culture/independent-producer-project\">Independent Producers Project\u003c/a> while Morehouse was at a residency at \u003ca href=\"http://www.mesarefuge.org/\">Mesa Refuge\u003c/a>. The series \u003ca href=\"http://californiafoodways.com/\">California Foodways\u003c/a> is supported by \u003ca href=\"http://www.calhum.org/\">Cal Humanities\u003c/a>.\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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}
},
"baycurious": {
"id": "baycurious",
"title": "Bay Curious",
"tagline": "Exploring the Bay Area, one question at a time",
"info": "KQED’s new podcast, Bay Curious, gets to the bottom of the mysteries — both profound and peculiar — that give the Bay Area its unique identity. And we’ll do it with your help! You ask the questions. You decide what Bay Curious investigates. And you join us on the journey to find the answers.",
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},
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},
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"imageSrc": "https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/04/BBC-World-Service-Podcast-Tile-360x360-1.jpg",
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},
"link": "/radio/program/bbc-world-service",
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"tuneIn": "https://tunein.com/radio/BBC-World-Service-p455581/",
"rss": "https://podcasts.files.bbci.co.uk/p02nq0gn.rss"
}
},
"californiareport": {
"id": "californiareport",
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"tagline": "California, day by day",
"info": "KQED’s statewide radio news program providing daily coverage of issues, trends and public policy decisions.",
"imageSrc": "https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/04/The-California-Report-Podcast-Tile-703x703-1.jpg",
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"officialWebsiteLink": "/californiareport",
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"source": "kqed",
"order": 8
},
"link": "/californiareport",
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},
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"tagline": "Your state, your stories",
"info": "Every week, The California Report Magazine takes you on a road trip for the ears: to visit the places and meet the people who make California unique. The in-depth storytelling podcast from the California Report.",
"airtime": "FRI 4:30pm-5pm, 6:30pm-7pm, 11pm-11:30pm",
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"order": 10
},
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"google": "https://podcasts.google.com/feed/aHR0cHM6Ly9mZWVkcy5tZWdhcGhvbmUuZm0vS1FJTkM3NjkwNjk1OTAz",
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},
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"info": "A one-hour radio program to hear celebrated writers, artists and thinkers address contemporary ideas and values, often discussing the creative process. Please note: tapes or transcripts are not available",
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"officialWebsiteLink": "https://www.cityarts.net/",
"airtime": "SUN 1pm-2pm, TUE 10pm, WED 1am",
"meta": {
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"source": "City Arts & Lectures"
},
"link": "https://www.cityarts.net",
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"tuneIn": "https://tunein.com/radio/City-Arts-and-Lectures-p692/",
"rss": "https://www.cityarts.net/feed/"
}
},
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"order": 1
},
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"info": "\u003cem>Code Switch\u003c/em>, which listeners will hear in the first part of the hour, has fearless and much-needed conversations about race. Hosted by journalists of color, the show tackles the subject of race head-on, exploring how it impacts every part of society — from politics and pop culture to history, sports and more.\u003cbr />\u003cbr />\u003cem>Life Kit\u003c/em>, which will be in the second part of the hour, guides you through spaces and feelings no one prepares you for — from finances to mental health, from workplace microaggressions to imposter syndrome, from relationships to parenting. The show features experts with real world experience and shares their knowledge. Because everyone needs a little help being human.\u003cbr />\u003cbr />\u003ca href=\"https://www.npr.org/podcasts/510312/codeswitch\">\u003cem>Code Switch\u003c/em> offical site and podcast\u003c/a>\u003cbr />\u003ca href=\"https://www.npr.org/lifekit\">\u003cem>Life Kit\u003c/em> offical site and podcast\u003c/a>\u003cbr />",
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"meta": {
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"id": "commonwealth-club",
"title": "Commonwealth Club of California Podcast",
"info": "The Commonwealth Club of California is the nation's oldest and largest public affairs forum. As a non-partisan forum, The Club brings to the public airwaves diverse viewpoints on important topics. The Club's weekly radio broadcast - the oldest in the U.S., dating back to 1924 - is carried across the nation on public radio stations and is now podcasting. Our website archive features audio of our recent programs, as well as selected speeches from our long and distinguished history. This podcast feed is usually updated twice a week and is always un-edited.",
"airtime": "THU 10pm, FRI 1am",
"imageSrc": "https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/04/Commonwealth-Club-Podcast-Tile-360x360-1.jpg",
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"meta": {
"site": "news",
"source": "Commonwealth Club of California"
},
"link": "/radio/program/commonwealth-club",
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"google": "https://podcasts.google.com/feed/aHR0cDovL3d3dy5jb21tb253ZWFsdGhjbHViLm9yZy9hdWRpby9wb2RjYXN0L3dlZWtseS54bWw",
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"title": "Forum",
"tagline": "The conversation starts here",
"info": "KQED’s live call-in program discussing local, state, national and international issues, as well as in-depth interviews.",
"airtime": "MON-FRI 9am-11am, 10pm-11pm",
"imageSrc": "https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/04/Forum-Podcast-Tile-703x703-1.jpg",
"imageAlt": "KQED Forum with Mina Kim and Alexis Madrigal",
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"source": "kqed",
"order": 9
},
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"imageSrc": "https://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2018/05/freakonomicsRadio.png",
"officialWebsiteLink": "http://freakonomics.com/",
"airtime": "SUN 1am-2am, SAT 3pm-4pm",
"meta": {
"site": "radio",
"source": "WNYC"
},
"link": "/radio/program/freakonomics-radio",
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},
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"id": "fresh-air",
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"apple": "https://itunes.apple.com/WebObjects/MZStore.woa/wa/viewPodcast?s=143441&mt=2&id=214089682&at=11l79Y&ct=nprdirectory",
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"info": "A live production of NPR and WBUR Boston, in collaboration with stations across the country, Here & Now reflects the fluid world of news as it's happening in the middle of the day, with timely, in-depth news, interviews and conversation. Hosted by Robin Young, Jeremy Hobson and Tonya Mosley.",
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"hidden-brain": {
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"info": "Shankar Vedantam uses science and storytelling to reveal the unconscious patterns that drive human behavior, shape our choices and direct our relationships.",
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"airtime": "SUN 7pm-8pm",
"meta": {
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"source": "NPR"
},
"link": "/radio/program/hidden-brain",
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"how-i-built-this": {
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"title": "How I Built This with Guy Raz",
"info": "Guy Raz dives into the stories behind some of the world's best known companies. How I Built This weaves a narrative journey about innovators, entrepreneurs and idealists—and the movements they built.",
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"airtime": "SUN 7:30pm-8pm",
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},
"link": "/radio/program/how-i-built-this",
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"apple": "https://itunes.apple.com/us/podcast/how-i-built-this-with-guy-raz/id1150510297?mt=2",
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"hyphenacion": {
"id": "hyphenacion",
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"tagline": "Where conversation and cultura meet",
"info": "What kind of no sabo word is Hyphenación? For us, it’s about living within a hyphenation. Like being a third-gen Mexican-American from the Texas border now living that Bay Area Chicano life. Like Xorje! Each week we bring together a couple of hyphenated Latinos to talk all about personal life choices: family, careers, relationships, belonging … everything is on the table. ",
"imageSrc": "https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2025/03/Hyphenacion_FinalAssets_PodcastTile.png",
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"officialWebsiteLink": "/podcasts/hyphenacion",
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"order": 15
},
"link": "/podcasts/hyphenacion",
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},
"jerrybrown": {
"id": "jerrybrown",
"title": "The Political Mind of Jerry Brown",
"tagline": "Lessons from a lifetime in politics",
"info": "The Political Mind of Jerry Brown brings listeners the wisdom of the former Governor, Mayor, and presidential candidate. Scott Shafer interviewed Brown for more than 40 hours, covering the former governor's life and half-century in the political game – and Brown has some lessons he'd like to share. ",
"imageSrc": "https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/04/The-Political-Mind-of-Jerry-Brown-Podcast-Tile-703x703-1.jpg",
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"officialWebsiteLink": "/podcasts/jerrybrown",
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"order": 18
},
"link": "/podcasts/jerrybrown",
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}
},
"latino-usa": {
"id": "latino-usa",
"title": "Latino USA",
"airtime": "MON 1am-2am, SUN 6pm-7pm",
"info": "Latino USA, the radio journal of news and culture, is the only national, English-language radio program produced from a Latino perspective.",
"imageSrc": "https://ww2.kqed.org/radio/wp-content/uploads/sites/50/2018/04/latinoUsa.jpg",
"officialWebsiteLink": "http://latinousa.org/",
"meta": {
"site": "news",
"source": "npr"
},
"link": "/radio/program/latino-usa",
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"apple": "https://itunes.apple.com/WebObjects/MZStore.woa/wa/viewPodcast?s=143441&mt=2&id=79681317&at=11l79Y&ct=nprdirectory",
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"rss": "https://feeds.npr.org/510016/podcast.xml"
}
},
"marketplace": {
"id": "marketplace",
"title": "Marketplace",
"info": "Our flagship program, helmed by Kai Ryssdal, examines what the day in money delivered, through stories, conversations, newsworthy numbers and more. Updated Monday through Friday at about 3:30 p.m. PT.",
"airtime": "MON-FRI 4pm-4:30pm, MON-WED 6:30pm-7pm",
"imageSrc": "https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/04/Marketplace-Podcast-Tile-360x360-1.jpg",
"officialWebsiteLink": "https://www.marketplace.org/",
"meta": {
"site": "news",
"source": "American Public Media"
},
"link": "/radio/program/marketplace",
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"rss": "https://feeds.publicradio.org/public_feeds/marketplace-pm/rss/rss"
}
},
"masters-of-scale": {
"id": "masters-of-scale",
"title": "Masters of Scale",
"info": "Masters of Scale is an original podcast in which LinkedIn co-founder and Greylock Partner Reid Hoffman sets out to describe and prove theories that explain how great entrepreneurs take their companies from zero to a gazillion in ingenious fashion.",
"airtime": "Every other Wednesday June 12 through October 16 at 8pm (repeats Thursdays at 2am)",
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"officialWebsiteLink": "https://mastersofscale.com/",
"meta": {
"site": "radio",
"source": "WaitWhat"
},
"link": "/radio/program/masters-of-scale",
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"apple": "http://mastersofscale.app.link/",
"rss": "https://rss.art19.com/masters-of-scale"
}
},
"mindshift": {
"id": "mindshift",
"title": "MindShift",
"tagline": "A podcast about the future of learning and how we raise our kids",
"info": "The MindShift podcast explores the innovations in education that are shaping how kids learn. Hosts Ki Sung and Katrina Schwartz introduce listeners to educators, researchers, parents and students who are developing effective ways to improve how kids learn. We cover topics like how fed-up administrators are developing surprising tactics to deal with classroom disruptions; how listening to podcasts are helping kids develop reading skills; the consequences of overparenting; and why interdisciplinary learning can engage students on all ends of the traditional achievement spectrum. This podcast is part of the MindShift education site, a division of KQED News. KQED is an NPR/PBS member station based in San Francisco. You can also visit the MindShift website for episodes and supplemental blog posts or tweet us \u003ca href=\"https://twitter.com/MindShiftKQED\">@MindShiftKQED\u003c/a> or visit us at \u003ca href=\"/mindshift\">MindShift.KQED.org\u003c/a>",
"imageSrc": "https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/04/Mindshift-Podcast-Tile-703x703-1.jpg",
"imageAlt": "KQED MindShift: How We Will Learn",
"officialWebsiteLink": "/mindshift/",
"meta": {
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"source": "kqed",
"order": 12
},
"link": "/podcasts/mindshift",
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"google": "https://podcasts.google.com/feed/aHR0cHM6Ly9mZWVkcy5tZWdhcGhvbmUuZm0vS1FJTkM1NzY0NjAwNDI5",
"npr": "https://www.npr.org/podcasts/464615685/mind-shift-podcast",
"stitcher": "https://www.stitcher.com/podcast/kqed/stories-teachers-share",
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}
},
"morning-edition": {
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