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"content": "\u003cp>Before President Donald Trump’s promises of an “impenetrable” wall at the U.S.-Mexico border, there was America’s wall.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>As it stands today, the wall is imperfect. It is a hodgepodge of steel gates, concrete pillars, hip-high vehicle barricades and other materials. It is marred with cuts and patches; bypassed beneath by tunnels and overhead by drug-delivering catapults and drones; interrupted by long stretches of desert where thousands of people have died trying to enter the U.S. illegally on foot; and cradled on the east and the west by vast expanses of water where people swim, scuba dive and sail around the border.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>It’s also new. Almost 90 percent of what is there today was built in the past 12 years under Republican President George W. Bush and Democratic President Barack Obama.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[audio src=\"https://www.kqed.org/.stream/anon/radio/tcr/2017/11/BorderWall2way.mp3\" Image=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2017/11/BorderAgentWall-1180x971.jpg\" Title=\"America's Wall: The Decades-Long Struggle to Secure the U.S.-Mexico Border\" program=\"The California Report\"]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Trump plans to begin his wall by \u003ca href=\"http://www.kpbs.org/news/2017/oct/20/trumps-border-wall-models-take-shape-san-diego/\">removing and replacing 14 miles of fencing in San Diego\u003c/a>, beginning at the coast, a U.S. Customs and Border Protection spokesman said. So far, the administration has secured $102 million for that replacement project, but if the president can get more funding he aims to lengthen America’s wall.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The goal of building walls and fences at the U.S.-Mexico border has always been to curtail illegal immigration and drug trafficking. So, has the wall done its job? Will a new one do it better? \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>This border wall that stretches from California through Texas has been covered exhaustively by media the world over. But in this \u003ca href=\"http://www.kpbs.org/news/2017/nov/13/americas-wall/\">story of America’s wall\u003c/a>, a collaboration of \u003ca href=\"http://www.kpbs.org/\">KPBS\u003c/a> and \u003ca href=\"https://inewsource.org/\">\u003ci>inewsource\u003c/i>\u003c/a>, we were able to demonstrate with data what has previously been shown only through approximations and anecdotes: the impact of the wall over time.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Using newly disclosed details obtained from Customs and Border Protection, we created an interactive map showing every piece of existing fencing and when it was built. By layering that with more data, we connected the dots to show how construction of America’s wall is intertwined with the ongoing story of illegal immigration.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c!-- iframe plugin v.4.3 wordpress.org/plugins/iframe/ -->\u003cbr>\n\u003ciframe style=\"border: none;\" src=\"https://dataprocessing.inewsource.org/border-wall\" width=\"100%\" height=\"1170px\" align=\"center\" scrolling=\"yes\" class=\"iframe-class\" frameborder=\"0\">\u003c/iframe>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The mapping data shows America’s wall stretches for 653 discontinuous miles along the 1,954-mile U.S.-Mexico border. The strength of that wall varies. Some 37 miles of the main wall are backed up by a secondary fence. The most heavily fortified states are California, Arizona and New Mexico. In Texas, hundreds of miles separate sections of fencing.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Our most conspicuous finding is a pattern we identified in the history of America’s wall: As it became stronger and longer, illegal cross-border flows of people plummeted wherever the barriers were built. But they didn’t stop. Instead, migrants and drug smugglers took different paths -- into the desert, into the ocean, into the sky and underground.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>To read the full special report, go to \u003ca href=\"http://www.kpbs.org/\">KPBS\u003c/a> or \u003ca href=\"https://inewsource.org/\">\u003ci>inewsource\u003c/i>\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=8HffD_gd5lg\u003c/p>\n\n",
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"nprByline": "\u003cstrong>\u003ca href=\"http://www.kpbs.org/staff/jean-guerrero/\">Jean Guerrero\u003c/a>\u003c/strong> and \u003cstrong>\u003ca href=\"http://www.kpbs.org/staff/leo-castaneda/\">Leonardo Castañeda\u003c/a>\u003c/strong>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>Before President Donald Trump’s promises of an “impenetrable” wall at the U.S.-Mexico border, there was America’s wall.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>As it stands today, the wall is imperfect. It is a hodgepodge of steel gates, concrete pillars, hip-high vehicle barricades and other materials. It is marred with cuts and patches; bypassed beneath by tunnels and overhead by drug-delivering catapults and drones; interrupted by long stretches of desert where thousands of people have died trying to enter the U.S. illegally on foot; and cradled on the east and the west by vast expanses of water where people swim, scuba dive and sail around the border.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>It’s also new. Almost 90 percent of what is there today was built in the past 12 years under Republican President George W. Bush and Democratic President Barack Obama.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Trump plans to begin his wall by \u003ca href=\"http://www.kpbs.org/news/2017/oct/20/trumps-border-wall-models-take-shape-san-diego/\">removing and replacing 14 miles of fencing in San Diego\u003c/a>, beginning at the coast, a U.S. Customs and Border Protection spokesman said. So far, the administration has secured $102 million for that replacement project, but if the president can get more funding he aims to lengthen America’s wall.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The goal of building walls and fences at the U.S.-Mexico border has always been to curtail illegal immigration and drug trafficking. So, has the wall done its job? Will a new one do it better? \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>This border wall that stretches from California through Texas has been covered exhaustively by media the world over. But in this \u003ca href=\"http://www.kpbs.org/news/2017/nov/13/americas-wall/\">story of America’s wall\u003c/a>, a collaboration of \u003ca href=\"http://www.kpbs.org/\">KPBS\u003c/a> and \u003ca href=\"https://inewsource.org/\">\u003ci>inewsource\u003c/i>\u003c/a>, we were able to demonstrate with data what has previously been shown only through approximations and anecdotes: the impact of the wall over time.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Using newly disclosed details obtained from Customs and Border Protection, we created an interactive map showing every piece of existing fencing and when it was built. By layering that with more data, we connected the dots to show how construction of America’s wall is intertwined with the ongoing story of illegal immigration.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c!-- iframe plugin v.4.3 wordpress.org/plugins/iframe/ -->\u003cbr>\n\u003ciframe style=\"border: none;\" src=\"https://dataprocessing.inewsource.org/border-wall\" width=\"100%\" height=\"1170px\" align=\"center\" scrolling=\"yes\" class=\"iframe-class\" frameborder=\"0\">\u003c/iframe>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The mapping data shows America’s wall stretches for 653 discontinuous miles along the 1,954-mile U.S.-Mexico border. The strength of that wall varies. Some 37 miles of the main wall are backed up by a secondary fence. The most heavily fortified states are California, Arizona and New Mexico. In Texas, hundreds of miles separate sections of fencing.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Our most conspicuous finding is a pattern we identified in the history of America’s wall: As it became stronger and longer, illegal cross-border flows of people plummeted wherever the barriers were built. But they didn’t stop. Instead, migrants and drug smugglers took different paths -- into the desert, into the ocean, into the sky and underground.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>To read the full special report, go to \u003ca href=\"http://www.kpbs.org/\">KPBS\u003c/a> or \u003ca href=\"https://inewsource.org/\">\u003ci>inewsource\u003c/i>\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003cspan class='utils-parseShortcode-shortcodes-__youtubeShortcode__embedYoutube'>\n \u003cspan class='utils-parseShortcode-shortcodes-__youtubeShortcode__embedYoutubeInside'>\n \u003ciframe\n loading='lazy'\n class='utils-parseShortcode-shortcodes-__youtubeShortcode__youtubePlayer'\n type='text/html'\n src='//www.youtube.com/embed/8HffD_gd5lg'\n title='//www.youtube.com/embed/8HffD_gd5lg'\n allowfullscreen='true'\n style='border:0;'>\u003c/iframe>\n \u003c/span>\n \u003c/span>\u003c/p>\u003cp>\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>",
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"content": "\u003cp>A federal appeals court in California has \u003ca href=\"http://cdn.ca9.uscourts.gov/datastore/general/2017/11/13/17-17168%20order%2011-13.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">ruled\u003c/a> that the Trump administration's long-delayed travel ban can go into partial effect, allowing the government to temporarily keep travelers from six Muslim-majority countries from entering the United States.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>A three-judge panel of the U.S. Court of Appeals for the Ninth Circuit puts on hold a lower court ruling \u003ca href=\"https://www.npr.org/sections/thetwo-way/2017/10/17/558354914/federal-judge-in-hawaii-blocks-trumps-third-attempt-at-travel-ban\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">last month\u003c/a> that blocked the administration's ban against travelers from Syria, Iran, Libya, Yemen, Somalia, and Chad.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The appellate panel, all Clinton appointees, ruled that a preliminary injunction issued by District Judge Derrick Watson in Honolulu may not go into full effect. But it would allow \"foreign nationals who have a credible claim of a bona fide relationship with a person or entity in the United States.\" The panel said that would include \"grandparents, grandchildren, brothers-in-law, sisters-in-law, aunts, uncles, nieces, nephews, and cousins.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[contextly_sidebar id=\"GKT6Y2IvLApUZGbpwEn2jAX3kMdqiCyU\"]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Judge Watson's ruling came in response to a challenge filed by the state of Hawaii. Neither the appellate nor the lower court rulings affect travelers from North Korea and Venezuela. In his preliminary injunction, Watson did not include people from those two countries.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In a statement, Hawaii Attorney General Douglas Chin said, \"Today's decision today closely tracks guidance previously issued by the Supreme Court. I'm pleased that family ties to the U. S., including grandparents, will be respected.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>A spokesperson for the Department of Justice, Lauren Ehrsam, said, \"We are reviewing the court's order and the government will begin enforcing the travel proclamation consistent with the partial stay. We believe that the proclamation should be allowed to take effect in its entirety.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[contextly_sidebar id=\"DyFDcqq5j5aNqpKfTUDfUP4N2iaIzmT3\"]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>This latest legal development tests whether Trump Travel Ban 3.0 will withstand judicial scrutiny. The first was blocked by the courts and the second expired before it could win court approval.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>There is a \u003ca href=\"https://www.washingtonpost.com/world/national-security/second-judge-rules-against-latest-travel-ban-saying-trumps-own-words-show-it-was-aimed-at-muslims/2017/10/18/5ecdaa44-b3ed-11e7-9e58-e6288544af98_story.html?tid=a_inl&utm_term=.7a751170267a\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">parallel case\u003c/a> winding through the federal court in Maryland where a judge also blocked Trump's travel ban in mid-October. U.S. District Judge Theodore D. Chuang's order was less sweeping, although it also favored travelers with a \"bona fide\" relationship with a person or entity in the United States.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>As the Two-Way \u003ca href=\"https://www.npr.org/sections/thetwo-way/2017/10/18/558501163/federal-judge-in-maryland-blocks-trumps-latest-travel-ban-attempt\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">reported\u003c/a>, \"In his ruling, Chuang wrote that President Trump's own tweets helped convince him that the latest policy is an 'inextricable re-animation of the twice-enjoined Muslim ban' that Trump called for on the campaign trail and is therefore likely to be found unconstitutional.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[contextly_sidebar id=\"IdFM26GxoKcL4hsQQCAyijP5Mipmttxy\"]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>An appeal of that ruling will be heard by the U.S. Court of Appeals for the 4th Circuit on December 8.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The 9th Circuit Appeals Court will reexamine the case on December 6.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>As the Washington Post \u003ca href=\"https://www.washingtonpost.com/world/national-security/federal-appeals-court-allows-trumps-third-travel-ban-partially-to-take-effect/2017/11/13/c3c15cf4-c89a-11e7-aa96-54417592cf72_story.html?utm_term=.e5d436988dac\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">points out\u003c/a>, in order to survive, the travel ban would need a green light from both appeals courts.\u003c/p>\n\u003cdiv class=\"fullattribution\">Copyright 2017 NPR. To see more, visit http://www.npr.org/.\u003cimg src=\"https://www.google-analytics.com/__utm.gif?utmac=UA-5828686-4&utmdt=Trump+Travel+Ban+Allowed+To+Take+Partial+Effect&utme=8(APIKey)9(MDAxOTAwOTE4MDEyMTkxMDAzNjczZDljZA004)\">\u003c/div>\n\n",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>A federal appeals court in California has \u003ca href=\"http://cdn.ca9.uscourts.gov/datastore/general/2017/11/13/17-17168%20order%2011-13.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">ruled\u003c/a> that the Trump administration's long-delayed travel ban can go into partial effect, allowing the government to temporarily keep travelers from six Muslim-majority countries from entering the United States.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>A three-judge panel of the U.S. Court of Appeals for the Ninth Circuit puts on hold a lower court ruling \u003ca href=\"https://www.npr.org/sections/thetwo-way/2017/10/17/558354914/federal-judge-in-hawaii-blocks-trumps-third-attempt-at-travel-ban\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">last month\u003c/a> that blocked the administration's ban against travelers from Syria, Iran, Libya, Yemen, Somalia, and Chad.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The appellate panel, all Clinton appointees, ruled that a preliminary injunction issued by District Judge Derrick Watson in Honolulu may not go into full effect. But it would allow \"foreign nationals who have a credible claim of a bona fide relationship with a person or entity in the United States.\" The panel said that would include \"grandparents, grandchildren, brothers-in-law, sisters-in-law, aunts, uncles, nieces, nephews, and cousins.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Judge Watson's ruling came in response to a challenge filed by the state of Hawaii. Neither the appellate nor the lower court rulings affect travelers from North Korea and Venezuela. In his preliminary injunction, Watson did not include people from those two countries.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In a statement, Hawaii Attorney General Douglas Chin said, \"Today's decision today closely tracks guidance previously issued by the Supreme Court. I'm pleased that family ties to the U. S., including grandparents, will be respected.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>A spokesperson for the Department of Justice, Lauren Ehrsam, said, \"We are reviewing the court's order and the government will begin enforcing the travel proclamation consistent with the partial stay. We believe that the proclamation should be allowed to take effect in its entirety.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>This latest legal development tests whether Trump Travel Ban 3.0 will withstand judicial scrutiny. The first was blocked by the courts and the second expired before it could win court approval.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>There is a \u003ca href=\"https://www.washingtonpost.com/world/national-security/second-judge-rules-against-latest-travel-ban-saying-trumps-own-words-show-it-was-aimed-at-muslims/2017/10/18/5ecdaa44-b3ed-11e7-9e58-e6288544af98_story.html?tid=a_inl&utm_term=.7a751170267a\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">parallel case\u003c/a> winding through the federal court in Maryland where a judge also blocked Trump's travel ban in mid-October. U.S. District Judge Theodore D. Chuang's order was less sweeping, although it also favored travelers with a \"bona fide\" relationship with a person or entity in the United States.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>As the Two-Way \u003ca href=\"https://www.npr.org/sections/thetwo-way/2017/10/18/558501163/federal-judge-in-maryland-blocks-trumps-latest-travel-ban-attempt\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">reported\u003c/a>, \"In his ruling, Chuang wrote that President Trump's own tweets helped convince him that the latest policy is an 'inextricable re-animation of the twice-enjoined Muslim ban' that Trump called for on the campaign trail and is therefore likely to be found unconstitutional.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>An appeal of that ruling will be heard by the U.S. Court of Appeals for the 4th Circuit on December 8.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The 9th Circuit Appeals Court will reexamine the case on December 6.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>As the Washington Post \u003ca href=\"https://www.washingtonpost.com/world/national-security/federal-appeals-court-allows-trumps-third-travel-ban-partially-to-take-effect/2017/11/13/c3c15cf4-c89a-11e7-aa96-54417592cf72_story.html?utm_term=.e5d436988dac\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">points out\u003c/a>, in order to survive, the travel ban would need a green light from both appeals courts.\u003c/p>\n\u003cdiv class=\"fullattribution\">Copyright 2017 NPR. To see more, visit http://www.npr.org/.\u003cimg src=\"https://www.google-analytics.com/__utm.gif?utmac=UA-5828686-4&utmdt=Trump+Travel+Ban+Allowed+To+Take+Partial+Effect&utme=8(APIKey)9(MDAxOTAwOTE4MDEyMTkxMDAzNjczZDljZA004)\">\u003c/div>\n\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>",
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"slug": "north-korean-refugee-recalls-harrowing-journey-to-new-life-in-california",
"title": "North Korean Refugee Recalls Harrowing Journey to New Life in California",
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"content": "\u003cp>Cheol W. Ryu says he will never forget the first time he thought about defecting from North Korea.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The country was consumed by famine, he says, and his mother had recently died of starvation. He was just 11 years old. His father left his family years prior to her death and so Charlie – as his friends call him – went to live with his aunt.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“It was really difficult because there was not enough food for their family,” Charlie says. “So I got kicked out every night. And then I would spend the night, winter cold, outside, so I was always alone and being homeless.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>He is now 23, and living in the southern California community of Rancho Palos Verdes. He has a head of thick black hair and a broad smile that fills his face. If you didn’t ask him, it would be tough to tell that he has stared death in the face on multiple occasions and refused to give in.\u003cbr>\n[contextly_sidebar id=”2CSaF13jB1d0esTBmuTSJX2xeG2A45Og”]\u003cbr>\n“There was one day that I was working on the side of the road, and then I saw when people vomit on the street,” Charlie recalls. “And it was so hot that the vomit was dried out. And there [were] pieces of rice. And I remember picking up the pieces of rice.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Charlie escaped from North Korea twice. The first time, in 2008, he went to his father’s house in nearby China, where he says his father has Chinese citizenship.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But soon after, neighbors informed the local authorities, and Charlie was sent back to North Korea, where the regime put him into a labor camp.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“I was really hungry,” he says, recalling his time at the camp. “I couldn’t even think that I am going to escape this labor camp because I was really hungry and couldn’t run.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>At one point, Charlie says he was so weak that the guards at the camp left him to die. But he survived.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>He would later find a job at a coal mine near his hometown. It is the first time, he says, in his life that he could expect three meals a day. Despite that level of relative comfort, Charlie says he could see how his life would end up if he stayed at the mine.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“I saw a lot of people dying…smashed into the rocks, losing their arms, legs, accidents, everything,” he says. “And I couldn’t help thinking, ‘That is going to be me one day.’ That’s what [made] me escape again.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11630099\" class=\"wp-caption alignright\" style=\"max-width: 800px\">\u003ca href=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2017/11/RS27952_83C1AB9A-7C61-4F5C-8FDE-E5344BB77CA0-qut.jpg\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2017/11/RS27952_83C1AB9A-7C61-4F5C-8FDE-E5344BB77CA0-qut-800x1067.jpg\" alt='In the offices of LiNK (Liberty in North Korea), Cheol \"Charlie\" Ryu points at the approximate spot, on the Chinese-North Korean border, where he crossed the Yalu River to defect.' width=\"800\" height=\"1067\" class=\"size-medium wp-image-11630099\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2017/11/RS27952_83C1AB9A-7C61-4F5C-8FDE-E5344BB77CA0-qut-800x1067.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2017/11/RS27952_83C1AB9A-7C61-4F5C-8FDE-E5344BB77CA0-qut-160x213.jpg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2017/11/RS27952_83C1AB9A-7C61-4F5C-8FDE-E5344BB77CA0-qut-1020x1360.jpg 1020w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2017/11/RS27952_83C1AB9A-7C61-4F5C-8FDE-E5344BB77CA0-qut.jpg 1920w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2017/11/RS27952_83C1AB9A-7C61-4F5C-8FDE-E5344BB77CA0-qut-1180x1573.jpg 1180w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2017/11/RS27952_83C1AB9A-7C61-4F5C-8FDE-E5344BB77CA0-qut-960x1280.jpg 960w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2017/11/RS27952_83C1AB9A-7C61-4F5C-8FDE-E5344BB77CA0-qut-240x320.jpg 240w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2017/11/RS27952_83C1AB9A-7C61-4F5C-8FDE-E5344BB77CA0-qut-375x500.jpg 375w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2017/11/RS27952_83C1AB9A-7C61-4F5C-8FDE-E5344BB77CA0-qut-520x693.jpg 520w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">In the offices of LiNK (Liberty in North Korea), Cheol “Charlie” Ryu points at the approximate spot, on the Chinese-North Korean border, where he crossed the Yalu River to defect. \u003ccite>(Benjamin Gottlieb/KQED)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>He escaped from the coal mine and made his way to the Yalu River, which runs along the Chinese‐North Korean border.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“There are guards that are posted [there], looking for people trying to defect,” says Hannah Song, the director of \u003ca href=\"https://www.libertyinnorthkorea.org/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Liberty in North Korea, \u003c/a>which helps North Korean refugees escape. “They have every opportunity to shoot on sight if they see someone trying to defect across the river there.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>While he was crossing the river, Charlie says he felt a bright light shine over his head.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“I heard screaming like, ‘Hey, you! Come back here. I will shoot you,’” he recalls. “And I was terrified, but at the same time I was really like, ‘I want to keep going. It doesn’t matter, I am going to keep going. If you shoot me, whatever.’”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>That guard never fired his weapon.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Charlie made it across the Yalu and into neighboring China where he would soon begin the long journey from northern China to Thailand. In Thailand he was granted refugee status, which eventually allowed him to come to the U.S.\u003c/p>\n\u003caside class=\"pullquote alignright\">\n“I heard screaming like, ‘Hey, you! Come back here. I will shoot you.’”\u003cbr>\n\u003ccite>Cheol “Charlie” Ryu, recalling his second escape from North Korea\u003c/cite>\u003cbr>\n\u003c/aside>\n\u003cp>Most North Korean defectors resettle in South Korea – an \u003ca href=\"https://www.nytimes.com/2017/08/05/world/asia/north-korea-defector-south-korea.html?_r=1\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">estimated 30,000 \u003c/a>– because the language is very similar and, at least culturally, it’s an easier transition. But because of some family issues involving his father and other relatives, the government in Seoul would not accept Charlie.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>That’s when he says another refugee suggested he should try his luck with the United States, where the number of refugees trying to enter is not nearly as high.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Song says there are between 200 and 250 North Korean refugees that have resettled in the U.S. legally and another 1,000 or so that have come to the country illegally, most often by overstaying their visas. When Charlie came to the U.S. in 2012 at the age of 17, he was \u003ca href=\"http://www.mercurynews.com/2017/05/06/refugee-youth-archbishop-mitty-teens-find-unity-on-the-soccer-field/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">settled in the Bay Area, \u003c/a>where the local chapter of \u003ca href=\"https://www.catholiccharitiesscc.org/sites/default/files/VOH_September2017.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Catholic Charities\u003c/a> set him up with a foster family.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11630100\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 800px\">\u003ca href=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2017/11/RS27950_A3636F2B-3942-47C2-8FCB-54120B626BB3-qut-e1510432235334.jpg\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2017/11/RS27950_A3636F2B-3942-47C2-8FCB-54120B626BB3-qut-e1510432235334-800x749.jpg\" alt='Cheol \"Charlie\" Ryu gets teased by one of his housemates in Rancho Palos Verdes. He lives there with a group of college-aged adults that work at LiNK (Liberty in North Korea), which helps refugees escape from North Korea.' width=\"800\" height=\"749\" class=\"size-medium wp-image-11630100\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2017/11/RS27950_A3636F2B-3942-47C2-8FCB-54120B626BB3-qut-e1510432235334-800x749.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2017/11/RS27950_A3636F2B-3942-47C2-8FCB-54120B626BB3-qut-e1510432235334-160x150.jpg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2017/11/RS27950_A3636F2B-3942-47C2-8FCB-54120B626BB3-qut-e1510432235334-1020x955.jpg 1020w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2017/11/RS27950_A3636F2B-3942-47C2-8FCB-54120B626BB3-qut-e1510432235334.jpg 1920w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2017/11/RS27950_A3636F2B-3942-47C2-8FCB-54120B626BB3-qut-e1510432235334-1180x1105.jpg 1180w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2017/11/RS27950_A3636F2B-3942-47C2-8FCB-54120B626BB3-qut-e1510432235334-960x899.jpg 960w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2017/11/RS27950_A3636F2B-3942-47C2-8FCB-54120B626BB3-qut-e1510432235334-240x225.jpg 240w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2017/11/RS27950_A3636F2B-3942-47C2-8FCB-54120B626BB3-qut-e1510432235334-375x351.jpg 375w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2017/11/RS27950_A3636F2B-3942-47C2-8FCB-54120B626BB3-qut-e1510432235334-520x487.jpg 520w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Cheol “Charlie” Ryu gets teased by one of his housemates in Rancho Palos Verdes. He lives there with a group of college-aged adults that work at LiNK (Liberty in North Korea), which helps refugees escape from North Korea. \u003ccite>(Benjamin Gottlieb/KQED)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>As remarkable as Charlie’s story is, he says there are thousands more just like him still suffering in his home country.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“We haven’t accepted any North Korean refugees since January,” says David Kang, Director of Korean Studies Institute at the University of Southern California. “So the numbers are very small and, now, they are vanishingly small, that come to the United States.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The Trump administration \u003ca href=\"https://www.whitehouse.gov/the-press-office/2017/10/24/presidential-executive-order-resuming-united-states-refugee-admissions\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">put a hold \u003c/a>on the nation’s refugee program when it first came to power, and 11 nations are now on a list of those \u003ca href=\"https://www.nytimes.com/2017/10/24/us/politics/trump-lifts-refugee-suspension.html?_r=0\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">being reviewed \u003c/a>even further. That list includes North Korea.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>According to the new executive order, refugee admissions from those nations will only be allowed on a case‐by‐case basis, and only if that person’s entry is in the U.S. national interest.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>It is a tough pill to swallow for Charlie, when he thinks about all of his friends that he left behind in North Korea.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad floatright]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“I want to see all those North Korean people,” he says. “My friends that are in North Korea, starving to death, going to military and abused, beat to death, and froze to death all those friends that I had and still going through those hardships in North Korea. I want them to be free.”\u003c/p>\n\n",
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"excerpt": "Cheol W. Ryu escaped North Korea twice and traveled thousands of miles before finding a home in California. ",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>Cheol W. Ryu says he will never forget the first time he thought about defecting from North Korea.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The country was consumed by famine, he says, and his mother had recently died of starvation. He was just 11 years old. His father left his family years prior to her death and so Charlie – as his friends call him – went to live with his aunt.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“It was really difficult because there was not enough food for their family,” Charlie says. “So I got kicked out every night. And then I would spend the night, winter cold, outside, so I was always alone and being homeless.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>He is now 23, and living in the southern California community of Rancho Palos Verdes. He has a head of thick black hair and a broad smile that fills his face. If you didn’t ask him, it would be tough to tell that he has stared death in the face on multiple occasions and refused to give in.\u003cbr>\n\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003cbr>\n“There was one day that I was working on the side of the road, and then I saw when people vomit on the street,” Charlie recalls. “And it was so hot that the vomit was dried out. And there [were] pieces of rice. And I remember picking up the pieces of rice.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Charlie escaped from North Korea twice. The first time, in 2008, he went to his father’s house in nearby China, where he says his father has Chinese citizenship.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But soon after, neighbors informed the local authorities, and Charlie was sent back to North Korea, where the regime put him into a labor camp.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“I was really hungry,” he says, recalling his time at the camp. “I couldn’t even think that I am going to escape this labor camp because I was really hungry and couldn’t run.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>At one point, Charlie says he was so weak that the guards at the camp left him to die. But he survived.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>He would later find a job at a coal mine near his hometown. It is the first time, he says, in his life that he could expect three meals a day. Despite that level of relative comfort, Charlie says he could see how his life would end up if he stayed at the mine.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“I saw a lot of people dying…smashed into the rocks, losing their arms, legs, accidents, everything,” he says. “And I couldn’t help thinking, ‘That is going to be me one day.’ That’s what [made] me escape again.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11630099\" class=\"wp-caption alignright\" style=\"max-width: 800px\">\u003ca href=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2017/11/RS27952_83C1AB9A-7C61-4F5C-8FDE-E5344BB77CA0-qut.jpg\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2017/11/RS27952_83C1AB9A-7C61-4F5C-8FDE-E5344BB77CA0-qut-800x1067.jpg\" alt='In the offices of LiNK (Liberty in North Korea), Cheol \"Charlie\" Ryu points at the approximate spot, on the Chinese-North Korean border, where he crossed the Yalu River to defect.' width=\"800\" height=\"1067\" class=\"size-medium wp-image-11630099\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2017/11/RS27952_83C1AB9A-7C61-4F5C-8FDE-E5344BB77CA0-qut-800x1067.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2017/11/RS27952_83C1AB9A-7C61-4F5C-8FDE-E5344BB77CA0-qut-160x213.jpg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2017/11/RS27952_83C1AB9A-7C61-4F5C-8FDE-E5344BB77CA0-qut-1020x1360.jpg 1020w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2017/11/RS27952_83C1AB9A-7C61-4F5C-8FDE-E5344BB77CA0-qut.jpg 1920w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2017/11/RS27952_83C1AB9A-7C61-4F5C-8FDE-E5344BB77CA0-qut-1180x1573.jpg 1180w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2017/11/RS27952_83C1AB9A-7C61-4F5C-8FDE-E5344BB77CA0-qut-960x1280.jpg 960w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2017/11/RS27952_83C1AB9A-7C61-4F5C-8FDE-E5344BB77CA0-qut-240x320.jpg 240w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2017/11/RS27952_83C1AB9A-7C61-4F5C-8FDE-E5344BB77CA0-qut-375x500.jpg 375w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2017/11/RS27952_83C1AB9A-7C61-4F5C-8FDE-E5344BB77CA0-qut-520x693.jpg 520w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">In the offices of LiNK (Liberty in North Korea), Cheol “Charlie” Ryu points at the approximate spot, on the Chinese-North Korean border, where he crossed the Yalu River to defect. \u003ccite>(Benjamin Gottlieb/KQED)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>He escaped from the coal mine and made his way to the Yalu River, which runs along the Chinese‐North Korean border.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“There are guards that are posted [there], looking for people trying to defect,” says Hannah Song, the director of \u003ca href=\"https://www.libertyinnorthkorea.org/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Liberty in North Korea, \u003c/a>which helps North Korean refugees escape. “They have every opportunity to shoot on sight if they see someone trying to defect across the river there.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>While he was crossing the river, Charlie says he felt a bright light shine over his head.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“I heard screaming like, ‘Hey, you! Come back here. I will shoot you,’” he recalls. “And I was terrified, but at the same time I was really like, ‘I want to keep going. It doesn’t matter, I am going to keep going. If you shoot me, whatever.’”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>That guard never fired his weapon.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Charlie made it across the Yalu and into neighboring China where he would soon begin the long journey from northern China to Thailand. In Thailand he was granted refugee status, which eventually allowed him to come to the U.S.\u003c/p>\n\u003caside class=\"pullquote alignright\">\n“I heard screaming like, ‘Hey, you! Come back here. I will shoot you.’”\u003cbr>\n\u003ccite>Cheol “Charlie” Ryu, recalling his second escape from North Korea\u003c/cite>\u003cbr>\n\u003c/aside>\n\u003cp>Most North Korean defectors resettle in South Korea – an \u003ca href=\"https://www.nytimes.com/2017/08/05/world/asia/north-korea-defector-south-korea.html?_r=1\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">estimated 30,000 \u003c/a>– because the language is very similar and, at least culturally, it’s an easier transition. But because of some family issues involving his father and other relatives, the government in Seoul would not accept Charlie.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>That’s when he says another refugee suggested he should try his luck with the United States, where the number of refugees trying to enter is not nearly as high.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Song says there are between 200 and 250 North Korean refugees that have resettled in the U.S. legally and another 1,000 or so that have come to the country illegally, most often by overstaying their visas. When Charlie came to the U.S. in 2012 at the age of 17, he was \u003ca href=\"http://www.mercurynews.com/2017/05/06/refugee-youth-archbishop-mitty-teens-find-unity-on-the-soccer-field/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">settled in the Bay Area, \u003c/a>where the local chapter of \u003ca href=\"https://www.catholiccharitiesscc.org/sites/default/files/VOH_September2017.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Catholic Charities\u003c/a> set him up with a foster family.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11630100\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 800px\">\u003ca href=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2017/11/RS27950_A3636F2B-3942-47C2-8FCB-54120B626BB3-qut-e1510432235334.jpg\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2017/11/RS27950_A3636F2B-3942-47C2-8FCB-54120B626BB3-qut-e1510432235334-800x749.jpg\" alt='Cheol \"Charlie\" Ryu gets teased by one of his housemates in Rancho Palos Verdes. He lives there with a group of college-aged adults that work at LiNK (Liberty in North Korea), which helps refugees escape from North Korea.' width=\"800\" height=\"749\" class=\"size-medium wp-image-11630100\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2017/11/RS27950_A3636F2B-3942-47C2-8FCB-54120B626BB3-qut-e1510432235334-800x749.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2017/11/RS27950_A3636F2B-3942-47C2-8FCB-54120B626BB3-qut-e1510432235334-160x150.jpg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2017/11/RS27950_A3636F2B-3942-47C2-8FCB-54120B626BB3-qut-e1510432235334-1020x955.jpg 1020w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2017/11/RS27950_A3636F2B-3942-47C2-8FCB-54120B626BB3-qut-e1510432235334.jpg 1920w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2017/11/RS27950_A3636F2B-3942-47C2-8FCB-54120B626BB3-qut-e1510432235334-1180x1105.jpg 1180w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2017/11/RS27950_A3636F2B-3942-47C2-8FCB-54120B626BB3-qut-e1510432235334-960x899.jpg 960w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2017/11/RS27950_A3636F2B-3942-47C2-8FCB-54120B626BB3-qut-e1510432235334-240x225.jpg 240w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2017/11/RS27950_A3636F2B-3942-47C2-8FCB-54120B626BB3-qut-e1510432235334-375x351.jpg 375w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2017/11/RS27950_A3636F2B-3942-47C2-8FCB-54120B626BB3-qut-e1510432235334-520x487.jpg 520w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Cheol “Charlie” Ryu gets teased by one of his housemates in Rancho Palos Verdes. He lives there with a group of college-aged adults that work at LiNK (Liberty in North Korea), which helps refugees escape from North Korea. \u003ccite>(Benjamin Gottlieb/KQED)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>As remarkable as Charlie’s story is, he says there are thousands more just like him still suffering in his home country.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“We haven’t accepted any North Korean refugees since January,” says David Kang, Director of Korean Studies Institute at the University of Southern California. “So the numbers are very small and, now, they are vanishingly small, that come to the United States.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The Trump administration \u003ca href=\"https://www.whitehouse.gov/the-press-office/2017/10/24/presidential-executive-order-resuming-united-states-refugee-admissions\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">put a hold \u003c/a>on the nation’s refugee program when it first came to power, and 11 nations are now on a list of those \u003ca href=\"https://www.nytimes.com/2017/10/24/us/politics/trump-lifts-refugee-suspension.html?_r=0\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">being reviewed \u003c/a>even further. That list includes North Korea.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>According to the new executive order, refugee admissions from those nations will only be allowed on a case‐by‐case basis, and only if that person’s entry is in the U.S. national interest.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>It is a tough pill to swallow for Charlie, when he thinks about all of his friends that he left behind in North Korea.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“I want to see all those North Korean people,” he says. “My friends that are in North Korea, starving to death, going to military and abused, beat to death, and froze to death all those friends that I had and still going through those hardships in North Korea. I want them to be free.”\u003c/p>\n\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>",
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"disqusTitle": "He Served in the U.S. Military, But That Didn't Stop His Deportation",
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"content": "\u003cp>Jose Cardenas always wanted to serve in the military.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The 67-year-old Cardenas was born in Mexico but moved to the United States when he was seven years old. He joined the ROTC in high school in San Diego in hopes of following in the footsteps of his stepdad, an American citizen who sponsored him to become a permanent resident.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“I was preparing myself because I knew I was going to get drafted,\" Cardenas says. He was drafted and served in the Army's 82nd Airborne division between 1970 and 1972. He was never sent into combat, but after his two years were up, he joined the Army Reserves and then the National Guard for a total of seven years of military service.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>While he was in the military, Cardenas applied for U.S. citizenship, but he says his application was never processed.\u003cbr>\n[audio src=\"https://www.kqed.org/.stream/anon/radio/tcrmag/2017/11/DeportedVet.mp3\" Image=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2017/11/IMG_0162.jpg\" Title=\"He Served in the U.S. Military, But That Didn't Stop His Deportation\" program=\"The California Report\"]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In 1999, police caught him driving a meth dealer around, and he was convicted of drug conspiracy. He had been in a bad way since his oldest son was killed in a gang shooting.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"I went into a depression,\" he says. \"I lost my job and everything, so I didn't have nothing.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Because his citizenship application never went through, Cardenas was deported to Mexico after serving 10 years in federal prison.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“When I got deported I didn’t even know where I was,\" Cardenas says. He hadn't lived in Mexico since he left when he was seven years old, and he spoke little Spanish.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Cardenas says he was deported to somewhere near the U.S.-Texas border, far from his birthplace in southern Mexico town of Tecomán in the state of Colima. He made his way to Playas de Tijuana, where he's been living alone, along with many other deported U.S. veterans.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11629939\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 800px\">\u003cimg class=\"wp-image-11629939 size-medium\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2017/11/IMG_0160-800x600.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"800\" height=\"600\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/11/IMG_0160-800x600.jpg 800w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/11/IMG_0160-160x120.jpg 160w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/11/IMG_0160-1020x765.jpg 1020w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/11/IMG_0160-1920x1440.jpg 1920w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/11/IMG_0160-1180x885.jpg 1180w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/11/IMG_0160-960x720.jpg 960w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/11/IMG_0160-240x180.jpg 240w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/11/IMG_0160-375x281.jpg 375w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/11/IMG_0160-520x390.jpg 520w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">This is the U.S.-Mexico border fence at Friendship Park in Tijuana that divides California from Mexico. Separated families come here on weekends to see each other. (Erika Aguilar/KQED News) \u003ccite>(Erika Aguilar/KQED News)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>\"The life out there and the life in here is totally different,\" he says of living in Mexico. \"They do kind of make fun of us because we don’t speak the language. They call us \u003cem>pochos\u003c/em> sometimes.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>He says Tijuana is almost like living in the United States because there are many Americans there, but there's one big difference: Cardenas can't see his family, who lives just across the border in San Diego, his home of more than 50 years. Just across that border are great grandkids he's never met, his two daughters and a son who also served in the U.S. military in Kosovo and Iraq, he says.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"Sometimes he wakes up and he goes crazy,\" Cardenas says of his son. \"He thinks he’s out there still, so someone needs to be there to kind of calm him down and stuff. And that hurts me because I can’t do that.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Cardenas says one of his grandsons just joined the military, too.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"It worries me because you never know what’s going to happen, and you can’t do nothing here,\" he says. \"All you can do is just hope that everything goes okay and that’s it.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But Cardenas isn't just sitting around and hoping. He's fighting to get back to the country he and his family have served for decades.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>He's rallied, marched and met with California politicians \u003ca href=\"https://www.facebook.com/VeteransWithoutBorders/videos/911620425649261/\">as part of a group of deported veterans lobbying the government to allow them to return to the U.S.\u003c/a> based on their military service. His group painted a section of the border fence in Tijuana red, white and blue with the names of deported veterans.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>For now, Cardenas says there is one other way deported veterans like him can eventually get back to the United States. Veterans who leave active military duty with an honorable discharge are\u003ca href=\"https://www.cem.va.gov/cem/burial_benefits/eligible.asp\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"> eligible for a burial spot\u003c/a> in a Veterans Administration national cemetery.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11629940\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 800px\">\u003cimg class=\"wp-image-11629940 size-medium\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2017/11/IMG_0162-800x600.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"800\" height=\"600\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/11/IMG_0162-800x600.jpg 800w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/11/IMG_0162-160x120.jpg 160w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/11/IMG_0162-1020x765.jpg 1020w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/11/IMG_0162-1920x1440.jpg 1920w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/11/IMG_0162-1180x885.jpg 1180w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/11/IMG_0162-960x720.jpg 960w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/11/IMG_0162-240x180.jpg 240w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/11/IMG_0162-375x281.jpg 375w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/11/IMG_0162-520x390.jpg 520w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Jose Cardenas, 67, was born in Colima, Texas and brought by his parents to San Diego when he was seven years old. He served seven years in the U.S. military and was deported in 2009 for a drug conviction. \"Sometimes they ask how can they deport a veteran, but they do,\" he said. (Erika Aguilar/KQED News) \u003ccite>(Erika Aguilar/KQED)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp class=\"textbox\" dir=\"ltr\">\u003cem>The International Women’s Media Foundation supported Erika Aguilar's reporting from Tijuana, Mexico as part of the \u003ca href=\"https://www.iwmf.org/programs/adelante/about-adelante/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Adelante Latin America Reporting Initiative.\u003c/a>\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\n",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>Jose Cardenas always wanted to serve in the military.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The 67-year-old Cardenas was born in Mexico but moved to the United States when he was seven years old. He joined the ROTC in high school in San Diego in hopes of following in the footsteps of his stepdad, an American citizen who sponsored him to become a permanent resident.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“I was preparing myself because I knew I was going to get drafted,\" Cardenas says. He was drafted and served in the Army's 82nd Airborne division between 1970 and 1972. He was never sent into combat, but after his two years were up, he joined the Army Reserves and then the National Guard for a total of seven years of military service.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>While he was in the military, Cardenas applied for U.S. citizenship, but he says his application was never processed.\u003cbr>\n\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In 1999, police caught him driving a meth dealer around, and he was convicted of drug conspiracy. He had been in a bad way since his oldest son was killed in a gang shooting.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"I went into a depression,\" he says. \"I lost my job and everything, so I didn't have nothing.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Because his citizenship application never went through, Cardenas was deported to Mexico after serving 10 years in federal prison.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“When I got deported I didn’t even know where I was,\" Cardenas says. He hadn't lived in Mexico since he left when he was seven years old, and he spoke little Spanish.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Cardenas says he was deported to somewhere near the U.S.-Texas border, far from his birthplace in southern Mexico town of Tecomán in the state of Colima. He made his way to Playas de Tijuana, where he's been living alone, along with many other deported U.S. veterans.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11629939\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 800px\">\u003cimg class=\"wp-image-11629939 size-medium\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2017/11/IMG_0160-800x600.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"800\" height=\"600\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/11/IMG_0160-800x600.jpg 800w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/11/IMG_0160-160x120.jpg 160w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/11/IMG_0160-1020x765.jpg 1020w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/11/IMG_0160-1920x1440.jpg 1920w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/11/IMG_0160-1180x885.jpg 1180w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/11/IMG_0160-960x720.jpg 960w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/11/IMG_0160-240x180.jpg 240w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/11/IMG_0160-375x281.jpg 375w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/11/IMG_0160-520x390.jpg 520w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">This is the U.S.-Mexico border fence at Friendship Park in Tijuana that divides California from Mexico. Separated families come here on weekends to see each other. (Erika Aguilar/KQED News) \u003ccite>(Erika Aguilar/KQED News)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>\"The life out there and the life in here is totally different,\" he says of living in Mexico. \"They do kind of make fun of us because we don’t speak the language. They call us \u003cem>pochos\u003c/em> sometimes.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>He says Tijuana is almost like living in the United States because there are many Americans there, but there's one big difference: Cardenas can't see his family, who lives just across the border in San Diego, his home of more than 50 years. Just across that border are great grandkids he's never met, his two daughters and a son who also served in the U.S. military in Kosovo and Iraq, he says.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"Sometimes he wakes up and he goes crazy,\" Cardenas says of his son. \"He thinks he’s out there still, so someone needs to be there to kind of calm him down and stuff. And that hurts me because I can’t do that.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Cardenas says one of his grandsons just joined the military, too.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"It worries me because you never know what’s going to happen, and you can’t do nothing here,\" he says. \"All you can do is just hope that everything goes okay and that’s it.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But Cardenas isn't just sitting around and hoping. He's fighting to get back to the country he and his family have served for decades.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>He's rallied, marched and met with California politicians \u003ca href=\"https://www.facebook.com/VeteransWithoutBorders/videos/911620425649261/\">as part of a group of deported veterans lobbying the government to allow them to return to the U.S.\u003c/a> based on their military service. His group painted a section of the border fence in Tijuana red, white and blue with the names of deported veterans.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>For now, Cardenas says there is one other way deported veterans like him can eventually get back to the United States. Veterans who leave active military duty with an honorable discharge are\u003ca href=\"https://www.cem.va.gov/cem/burial_benefits/eligible.asp\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"> eligible for a burial spot\u003c/a> in a Veterans Administration national cemetery.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11629940\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 800px\">\u003cimg class=\"wp-image-11629940 size-medium\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2017/11/IMG_0162-800x600.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"800\" height=\"600\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/11/IMG_0162-800x600.jpg 800w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/11/IMG_0162-160x120.jpg 160w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/11/IMG_0162-1020x765.jpg 1020w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/11/IMG_0162-1920x1440.jpg 1920w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/11/IMG_0162-1180x885.jpg 1180w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/11/IMG_0162-960x720.jpg 960w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/11/IMG_0162-240x180.jpg 240w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/11/IMG_0162-375x281.jpg 375w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/11/IMG_0162-520x390.jpg 520w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Jose Cardenas, 67, was born in Colima, Texas and brought by his parents to San Diego when he was seven years old. He served seven years in the U.S. military and was deported in 2009 for a drug conviction. \"Sometimes they ask how can they deport a veteran, but they do,\" he said. (Erika Aguilar/KQED News) \u003ccite>(Erika Aguilar/KQED)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp class=\"textbox\" dir=\"ltr\">\u003cem>The International Women’s Media Foundation supported Erika Aguilar's reporting from Tijuana, Mexico as part of the \u003ca href=\"https://www.iwmf.org/programs/adelante/about-adelante/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Adelante Latin America Reporting Initiative.\u003c/a>\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>",
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"disqusTitle": "How Latino Elites Are Paying the California Dream Forward",
"title": "How Latino Elites Are Paying the California Dream Forward",
"headTitle": "The California Dream | The California Report | KQED News",
"content": "\u003cp>\u003cem>\u003ca href=\"https://theconversation.com/profiles/jody-agius-vallejo-249830\">Jody Agius Vallejo\u003c/a> is associate professor of sociology and American studies and associate director of the Center for the Study of Immigrant Integration at the \u003ca href=\"http://theconversation.com/institutions/university-of-southern-california-dornsife-college-of-letters-arts-and-sciences-2669\">University of Southern California – Dornsife College of Letters, Arts and Sciences\u003c/a>.\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>American Latino economic elites have incomes and wealth in the top 5 percent of earners. Some own multi-million-dollar companies or work as corporate executives. Latino politicians -- like Kevin De León, who is serving as California Senate president while running for U.S. Senate, and California’s Attorney General Xavier Becerra -- are especially visible in the state.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>What role do these successful men and women play in the wider Latino community?\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>It’s an important question because \u003ca href=\"http://newdiversities.mmg.mpg.de/wp-content/uploads/2014/11/2014_16-01_02_Lee.pdf\">scholars view\u003c/a> elites of color as critical to the creation of educational, financial and social resources that help ethnic communities thrive.\u003c/p>\n\u003ch2>Sharing Resources\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>California is at the vanguard of racial and ethnic demographic change in the United States.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In 1980, \u003ca href=\"http://nationalequityatlas.org/indicators/Race%7Eethnicity/Racial_and_ethnic_composition:32756/California/false/\">two-thirds of California’s population was white\u003c/a> and 19 percent was Latino. By 2015, Latinos had edged just past whites to become the state’s largest ethnic group at 39 percent of the population. By 2050, Latinos are projected to make up 51 percent of California’s population. Whites are projected to decrease to 24 percent.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Births are fueling this population growth, not immigration. In fact, \u003ca href=\"http://www.pewhispanic.org/states/state/ca/\">two-thirds of Latinos in California\u003c/a> -- and the U.S. more generally -- are born on American soil. The Golden State’s future is linked to the social and economic integration of Latino Californians.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In contrast to the \u003ca href=\"http://time.com/4473972/donald-trump-mexico-meeting-insult/\">criminal\u003c/a> and \u003ca href=\"https://www.washingtonpost.com/news/fact-checker/wp/2016/08/31/trumps-repeated-claim-that-more-hispanics-are-in-poverty-under-obama/?utm_term=.81e5d0eb2b86\">poverty narratives\u003c/a> so often told by President Donald Trump, \u003ca href=\"http://www.sup.org/books/title/?id=21566\">I study\u003c/a> the Latino middle class. Currently, I’m looking into the rise of a small but powerful class of Latino economic and political elites.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"https://global.oup.com/academic/product/handbook-of-family-diversity-9780195120394?cc=us&lang=en&\">Latino communities are often viewed\u003c/a> as lacking ethnic elites who can infuse communities with educational and financial resources. \u003ca href=\"http://press.uchicago.edu/ucp/books/book/chicago/T/bo13375722.html\">Scholars also question\u003c/a> whether those who enter the middle and upper class abandon lower-income neighborhoods and the people who live there, taking with them networks and financial resources that can support mobility.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[contextly_sidebar id=\"j5tNdlnFvFxA3zuSH9jbmoZTpTSYycFp\"]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Who is correct? Interviews I’ve conducted in California’s Latino community as research for a book suggests that a small well-heeled group is actively involved in growing a Latino middle class. They are using their social, economic and political resources to help others attain college degrees, start small businesses and build wealth.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Their desire to work for change is rooted in optimism for the future based on their own success, as many are the children of immigrants. They also say they were politicized by key moments when politicians targeted Latinos with nativist anti-immigrant rhetoric and punitive legislation. These positive and negative experiences have instilled in them a sense of responsibility for the community.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Some trace their ethnic solidarity to California’s anti-immigrant era in the 1990s.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Pete Wilson, then governor of California, ran his reelection campaign on a \u003ca href=\"http://www.latinamericanstudies.org/latinos/rise-nativism.pdf\">nativist platform\u003c/a>. Some people I interviewed who were in college during this period participated in actions against laws like \u003ca href=\"https://ballotpedia.org/California_Proposition_187,_Illegal_Aliens_Ineligible_for_Public_Benefits_(1994)\">Proposition 187\u003c/a>, an anti-immigrant initiative that sought to deny benefits to unauthorized immigrants. Others have been pushed into action by more recent threats to the Latino population, such as \u003ca href=\"http://www.everydaysociologyblog.com/2010/05/arizona-immigration-law-and-racial-profiling.html\">SB 1070\u003c/a>, Arizona’s harsh 2010 immigration law that institutionalized racial profiling. Their desire to combat negative stereotypes and infuse their communities with resources has only grown more urgent in the Trump era, a time when many feel once again under attack.\u003c/p>\n\u003ch2>What matters to Latino economic and political elites?\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>Latino economic elites are overseeing and funding Latino institutions centered on two key social issues. One issue is Latino youths’ access to higher education and college degree completion. The second is economic empowerment through the financial sector.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"We are on the verge of a major demographic shift, a power shift,\" one person I interviewed told me. “It’s already happening in politics. The idea is to create our own opportunities and open up access to these areas. To grow the Latino middle class, we have to give back by providing access.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>They approach these concerns in different ways.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Despite \u003ca href=\"http://www.pewresearch.org/fact-tank/2017/09/29/hispanic-dropout-rate-hits-new-low-college-enrollment-at-new-high/\">record levels of college enrollments nationwide\u003c/a>, Latino educational attainment remains relatively low. Latino elites are organizing around this issue through what I call “ethno-racial philanthropy.” This is the practice of creating, or giving to, Latino nonprofit organizations that focus on alleviating social and economic inequalities. They give to Latino-led organizations that facilitate college prep programs in low-income communities with the goal of increasing the number of Latinos going to college. They spearhead charter schools in Latino communities. They collectively give millions to local and national Latino scholarship funds. They attempt to establish pipelines into careers in which Latinos are severely underrepresented, such as media and STEM.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[contextly_sidebar id=\"qIEisjL50Wuqpv3qPYjWa5al4Vz95H2l\"]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Others, like Gil and Jacki Cisneros, start their own educational \u003ca href=\"http://cisnerosfoundation.org/\">philanthropic organizations\u003c/a>. The Cisneroses won the Mega Millions jackpot in 2010 and are \u003ca href=\"https://www.insidephilanthropy.com/home/2015/6/24/lucky-and-focused-a-lottery-winner-uses-his-millions-to-boos.html\">focusing their giving on Latino educational access and attainment\u003c/a>. The Cisneros’ have endowed a scholarship at USC Annenberg and established the Cisneros Hispanic Leadership Institute at George Washington University.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Gil Cisneros told me, “To me, education is the biggest issue. It really is a game changer. It has the potential to change the trajectory of your life... As the Latino population grows, we need to talk about how we will elevate this community.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Gil Cisneros is now one of several candidates of color running for Congress in the primaries in \u003ca href=\"https://ballotpedia.org/California%27s_39th_Congressional_District_election,_2018\">California’s 39th Congressional District\u003c/a>, a battleground in Orange County and my hometown district.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Similarly, Latino elites are concerned about \u003ca href=\"http://www.pewsocialtrends.org/2016/06/27/1-demographic-trends-and-economic-well-being/\">the persistent Latino wealth gap\u003c/a>. White households hold 10 times the wealth of Latino households. Some Latino elites have started Latino banks or are engaging in other efforts to connect Latinos to sources of financial capital from which they’ve traditionally been excluded. They believe that these efforts will help Latinos build assets and wealth.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>While these actions may be profit-driven, those involved also see a broader mission of \"creating economic stability in the community\" by helping unbanked low-income Latinos open bank accounts and build credit scores.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Other efforts concentrate on providing access to loans to Latino entrepreneurs, who are growing at a rate \u003ca href=\"https://www.gsb.stanford.edu/faculty-research/publications/state-latino-entrepreneurship-2016\">faster than any other group\u003c/a> and \u003ca href=\"http://soba.ucr.edu/centers/carousel/Minority_Business_Owner_Report_Hispanic_4_13_2016.pdf\">who own a quarter of all businesses in California\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"The bank is a critical component of a successful community,\" one wealthy business owner told me. \"Banks can play a vital role for communities and groups. It is not just about the bottom line for us, but more about how do we build a sound and total community.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[contextly_sidebar id=\"5Ep43TXEGoxBjJMp8PRbrLPXhSpAplOl\"]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Latino political leaders in California are also working to help Latinos attain the California dream.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Most, like Kevin de León and \u003ca href=\"http://www.latimes.com/local/la-me-ricardo-lara-20130728-dto-htmlstory.html\">Sen. Ricardo Lara\u003c/a>, are the upwardly mobile children of immigrants.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>These elected officials -- along with others like Sen. Tony Mendoza, Assembly Speaker Anthony Rendon, Assemblywoman Lorena Gonzalez-Fletcher and L.A. City Council member Gil Cedillo -- are proposing and passing progressive immigrant integration legislation at all levels of \u003ca href=\"http://policymatters.ucr.edu/vol6-3-immigration/\">California state government\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Who should bear the responsibility of relieving inequalities in an era where the federal and \u003ca href=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/news/2017/11/01/after-tax-cuts-derailed-the-california-dream-can-the-state-get-back-on-track/\">state government\u003c/a> has continuously moved away from funding basic services to the poor and middle class? And in a period where the current president constantly makes villains of Latinos?\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Latino elites’ efforts to infuse their communities with resources are important, but they alone cannot solve widespread social and economic inequalities.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>These economic elites have not amassed enough wealth to generate resources on a scale that can adequately address growing income and wealth inequality in California. Creating and supporting pathways to the California dream is the responsibility of us all.\u003cimg src=\"https://counter.theconversation.com/content/80871/count.gif?distributor=republish-lightbox-advanced\" alt=\"The Conversation\" width=\"1\" height=\"1\">\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>This article originally appeared in \u003ca href=\"http://theconversation.com\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">The Conversation\u003c/a>, a publication that features academics writing about their research and ideas for the public. KQED and The Conversation are partners in the \u003ca href=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/news/series/californiadream/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">California Dream\u003c/a> project, a collaboration looking at the Golden State's promise, whether we are achieving it, and the future of California.\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>\u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/news/series/californiadream/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">The California Dream series\u003c/a> is a statewide media collaboration of CALmatters, KPBS, KPCC, KQED and Capital Public Radio with support from the Corporation for Public Broadcasting, the James Irvine Foundation and the College Futures Foundation.\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cimg class=\"aligncenter size-medium wp-image-11660142\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2018/04/CADreamBanner-800x219.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"800\" height=\"219\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2018/04/CADreamBanner-800x219.jpg 800w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2018/04/CADreamBanner-160x44.jpg 160w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2018/04/CADreamBanner-1020x280.jpg 1020w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2018/04/CADreamBanner-1180x324.jpg 1180w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2018/04/CADreamBanner-960x263.jpg 960w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2018/04/CADreamBanner-240x66.jpg 240w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2018/04/CADreamBanner-375x103.jpg 375w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2018/04/CADreamBanner-520x143.jpg 520w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2018/04/CADreamBanner.jpg 1867w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\">\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad floatright]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>http://bit.ly/kqedcadream\u003c/p>\n\n",
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"excerpt": "USC sociology professor Jody Agius Vallejo says elites of color are critical to the creation of educational, financial and social resources that help ethnic communities thrive.",
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"nprByline": "\u003cstrong>\u003ca href=\"https://theconversation.com/profiles/jody-agius-vallejo-249830\">Jody Agius Vallejo\u003c/a>\u003c/strong>\u003cbr>University of Southern California for \u003cstrong>\u003ca href=\"https://theconversation.com/us\">The Conversation\u003c/a>\u003c/strong>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>\u003cem>\u003ca href=\"https://theconversation.com/profiles/jody-agius-vallejo-249830\">Jody Agius Vallejo\u003c/a> is associate professor of sociology and American studies and associate director of the Center for the Study of Immigrant Integration at the \u003ca href=\"http://theconversation.com/institutions/university-of-southern-california-dornsife-college-of-letters-arts-and-sciences-2669\">University of Southern California – Dornsife College of Letters, Arts and Sciences\u003c/a>.\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>American Latino economic elites have incomes and wealth in the top 5 percent of earners. Some own multi-million-dollar companies or work as corporate executives. Latino politicians -- like Kevin De León, who is serving as California Senate president while running for U.S. Senate, and California’s Attorney General Xavier Becerra -- are especially visible in the state.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>What role do these successful men and women play in the wider Latino community?\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>It’s an important question because \u003ca href=\"http://newdiversities.mmg.mpg.de/wp-content/uploads/2014/11/2014_16-01_02_Lee.pdf\">scholars view\u003c/a> elites of color as critical to the creation of educational, financial and social resources that help ethnic communities thrive.\u003c/p>\n\u003ch2>Sharing Resources\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>California is at the vanguard of racial and ethnic demographic change in the United States.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In 1980, \u003ca href=\"http://nationalequityatlas.org/indicators/Race%7Eethnicity/Racial_and_ethnic_composition:32756/California/false/\">two-thirds of California’s population was white\u003c/a> and 19 percent was Latino. By 2015, Latinos had edged just past whites to become the state’s largest ethnic group at 39 percent of the population. By 2050, Latinos are projected to make up 51 percent of California’s population. Whites are projected to decrease to 24 percent.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Births are fueling this population growth, not immigration. In fact, \u003ca href=\"http://www.pewhispanic.org/states/state/ca/\">two-thirds of Latinos in California\u003c/a> -- and the U.S. more generally -- are born on American soil. The Golden State’s future is linked to the social and economic integration of Latino Californians.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In contrast to the \u003ca href=\"http://time.com/4473972/donald-trump-mexico-meeting-insult/\">criminal\u003c/a> and \u003ca href=\"https://www.washingtonpost.com/news/fact-checker/wp/2016/08/31/trumps-repeated-claim-that-more-hispanics-are-in-poverty-under-obama/?utm_term=.81e5d0eb2b86\">poverty narratives\u003c/a> so often told by President Donald Trump, \u003ca href=\"http://www.sup.org/books/title/?id=21566\">I study\u003c/a> the Latino middle class. Currently, I’m looking into the rise of a small but powerful class of Latino economic and political elites.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"https://global.oup.com/academic/product/handbook-of-family-diversity-9780195120394?cc=us&lang=en&\">Latino communities are often viewed\u003c/a> as lacking ethnic elites who can infuse communities with educational and financial resources. \u003ca href=\"http://press.uchicago.edu/ucp/books/book/chicago/T/bo13375722.html\">Scholars also question\u003c/a> whether those who enter the middle and upper class abandon lower-income neighborhoods and the people who live there, taking with them networks and financial resources that can support mobility.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Who is correct? Interviews I’ve conducted in California’s Latino community as research for a book suggests that a small well-heeled group is actively involved in growing a Latino middle class. They are using their social, economic and political resources to help others attain college degrees, start small businesses and build wealth.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Their desire to work for change is rooted in optimism for the future based on their own success, as many are the children of immigrants. They also say they were politicized by key moments when politicians targeted Latinos with nativist anti-immigrant rhetoric and punitive legislation. These positive and negative experiences have instilled in them a sense of responsibility for the community.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Some trace their ethnic solidarity to California’s anti-immigrant era in the 1990s.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Pete Wilson, then governor of California, ran his reelection campaign on a \u003ca href=\"http://www.latinamericanstudies.org/latinos/rise-nativism.pdf\">nativist platform\u003c/a>. Some people I interviewed who were in college during this period participated in actions against laws like \u003ca href=\"https://ballotpedia.org/California_Proposition_187,_Illegal_Aliens_Ineligible_for_Public_Benefits_(1994)\">Proposition 187\u003c/a>, an anti-immigrant initiative that sought to deny benefits to unauthorized immigrants. Others have been pushed into action by more recent threats to the Latino population, such as \u003ca href=\"http://www.everydaysociologyblog.com/2010/05/arizona-immigration-law-and-racial-profiling.html\">SB 1070\u003c/a>, Arizona’s harsh 2010 immigration law that institutionalized racial profiling. Their desire to combat negative stereotypes and infuse their communities with resources has only grown more urgent in the Trump era, a time when many feel once again under attack.\u003c/p>\n\u003ch2>What matters to Latino economic and political elites?\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>Latino economic elites are overseeing and funding Latino institutions centered on two key social issues. One issue is Latino youths’ access to higher education and college degree completion. The second is economic empowerment through the financial sector.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"We are on the verge of a major demographic shift, a power shift,\" one person I interviewed told me. “It’s already happening in politics. The idea is to create our own opportunities and open up access to these areas. To grow the Latino middle class, we have to give back by providing access.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>They approach these concerns in different ways.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Despite \u003ca href=\"http://www.pewresearch.org/fact-tank/2017/09/29/hispanic-dropout-rate-hits-new-low-college-enrollment-at-new-high/\">record levels of college enrollments nationwide\u003c/a>, Latino educational attainment remains relatively low. Latino elites are organizing around this issue through what I call “ethno-racial philanthropy.” This is the practice of creating, or giving to, Latino nonprofit organizations that focus on alleviating social and economic inequalities. They give to Latino-led organizations that facilitate college prep programs in low-income communities with the goal of increasing the number of Latinos going to college. They spearhead charter schools in Latino communities. They collectively give millions to local and national Latino scholarship funds. They attempt to establish pipelines into careers in which Latinos are severely underrepresented, such as media and STEM.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Others, like Gil and Jacki Cisneros, start their own educational \u003ca href=\"http://cisnerosfoundation.org/\">philanthropic organizations\u003c/a>. The Cisneroses won the Mega Millions jackpot in 2010 and are \u003ca href=\"https://www.insidephilanthropy.com/home/2015/6/24/lucky-and-focused-a-lottery-winner-uses-his-millions-to-boos.html\">focusing their giving on Latino educational access and attainment\u003c/a>. The Cisneros’ have endowed a scholarship at USC Annenberg and established the Cisneros Hispanic Leadership Institute at George Washington University.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Gil Cisneros told me, “To me, education is the biggest issue. It really is a game changer. It has the potential to change the trajectory of your life... As the Latino population grows, we need to talk about how we will elevate this community.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Gil Cisneros is now one of several candidates of color running for Congress in the primaries in \u003ca href=\"https://ballotpedia.org/California%27s_39th_Congressional_District_election,_2018\">California’s 39th Congressional District\u003c/a>, a battleground in Orange County and my hometown district.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Similarly, Latino elites are concerned about \u003ca href=\"http://www.pewsocialtrends.org/2016/06/27/1-demographic-trends-and-economic-well-being/\">the persistent Latino wealth gap\u003c/a>. White households hold 10 times the wealth of Latino households. Some Latino elites have started Latino banks or are engaging in other efforts to connect Latinos to sources of financial capital from which they’ve traditionally been excluded. They believe that these efforts will help Latinos build assets and wealth.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>While these actions may be profit-driven, those involved also see a broader mission of \"creating economic stability in the community\" by helping unbanked low-income Latinos open bank accounts and build credit scores.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Other efforts concentrate on providing access to loans to Latino entrepreneurs, who are growing at a rate \u003ca href=\"https://www.gsb.stanford.edu/faculty-research/publications/state-latino-entrepreneurship-2016\">faster than any other group\u003c/a> and \u003ca href=\"http://soba.ucr.edu/centers/carousel/Minority_Business_Owner_Report_Hispanic_4_13_2016.pdf\">who own a quarter of all businesses in California\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"The bank is a critical component of a successful community,\" one wealthy business owner told me. \"Banks can play a vital role for communities and groups. It is not just about the bottom line for us, but more about how do we build a sound and total community.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Latino political leaders in California are also working to help Latinos attain the California dream.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Most, like Kevin de León and \u003ca href=\"http://www.latimes.com/local/la-me-ricardo-lara-20130728-dto-htmlstory.html\">Sen. Ricardo Lara\u003c/a>, are the upwardly mobile children of immigrants.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>These elected officials -- along with others like Sen. Tony Mendoza, Assembly Speaker Anthony Rendon, Assemblywoman Lorena Gonzalez-Fletcher and L.A. City Council member Gil Cedillo -- are proposing and passing progressive immigrant integration legislation at all levels of \u003ca href=\"http://policymatters.ucr.edu/vol6-3-immigration/\">California state government\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Who should bear the responsibility of relieving inequalities in an era where the federal and \u003ca href=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/news/2017/11/01/after-tax-cuts-derailed-the-california-dream-can-the-state-get-back-on-track/\">state government\u003c/a> has continuously moved away from funding basic services to the poor and middle class? And in a period where the current president constantly makes villains of Latinos?\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Latino elites’ efforts to infuse their communities with resources are important, but they alone cannot solve widespread social and economic inequalities.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>These economic elites have not amassed enough wealth to generate resources on a scale that can adequately address growing income and wealth inequality in California. Creating and supporting pathways to the California dream is the responsibility of us all.\u003cimg src=\"https://counter.theconversation.com/content/80871/count.gif?distributor=republish-lightbox-advanced\" alt=\"The Conversation\" width=\"1\" height=\"1\">\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>This article originally appeared in \u003ca href=\"http://theconversation.com\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">The Conversation\u003c/a>, a publication that features academics writing about their research and ideas for the public. KQED and The Conversation are partners in the \u003ca href=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/news/series/californiadream/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">California Dream\u003c/a> project, a collaboration looking at the Golden State's promise, whether we are achieving it, and the future of California.\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>\u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/news/series/californiadream/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">The California Dream series\u003c/a> is a statewide media collaboration of CALmatters, KPBS, KPCC, KQED and Capital Public Radio with support from the Corporation for Public Broadcasting, the James Irvine Foundation and the College Futures Foundation.\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cimg class=\"aligncenter size-medium wp-image-11660142\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2018/04/CADreamBanner-800x219.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"800\" height=\"219\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2018/04/CADreamBanner-800x219.jpg 800w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2018/04/CADreamBanner-160x44.jpg 160w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2018/04/CADreamBanner-1020x280.jpg 1020w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2018/04/CADreamBanner-1180x324.jpg 1180w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2018/04/CADreamBanner-960x263.jpg 960w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2018/04/CADreamBanner-240x66.jpg 240w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2018/04/CADreamBanner-375x103.jpg 375w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2018/04/CADreamBanner-520x143.jpg 520w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2018/04/CADreamBanner.jpg 1867w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\">\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cp>When Agriculture Secretary Sonny Perdue was governor of Georgia, he \u003ca href=\"http://www.nytimes.com/2006/04/18/us/18georgia.html\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">enacted one of the harshest immigration laws in the nation\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The crackdown on undocumented immigrants worked so well to drive them from the state that Georgia farmers had nobody to pick their crops come harvest. Fruits and vegetables \u003ca href=\"https://www.theatlantic.com/business/archive/2011/06/georgias-harsh-immigration-law-costs-millions-in-unharvested-crops/240774/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">rotted in fields and farmers lost millions\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But on his first visit to California since joining the Trump administration, Perdue indicated a different approach to immigration.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In meetings with Central Valley congressmen and farmers, Perdue heard about growing difficulties finding enough workers to harvest crops. He said part of the answer is a new guestworker program, but that’s not enough.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[contextly_sidebar id=”IIdmkvLVjnK6wMuDr1XsCuQeKS4EACHW”]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Perdue pointed to Rep. Bob Goodlatte’s (R-Va.) \u003ca href=\"https://judiciary.house.gov/wp-content/uploads/2017/10/Ag-Act-Bill-text.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Agricultural Guestworker Act\u003c/a>, saying, “It really doesn’t address the real needs of California farmers because many of these undocumented workers have been here for years and they’ve become part of the operation, sometimes farm managers, and they don’t really have a home to go back to right now.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Under Perdue’s leadership, the U.S. Department of Agriculture \u003ca href=\"https://www.usda.gov/media/press-releases/2017/06/15/secretary-perdue-hosts-inaugural-rural-prosperity-task-force\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">is taking part in a task force working on rural issues\u003c/a>, including immigration policies that affect agriculture.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“We have to address this transition area at some point,” he said. “Not that they want citizenship necessarily; they want legal status.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Perdue also had some words of comfort for farmers worried about \u003ca href=\"https://www.bloomberg.com/news/articles/2017-10-11/u-s-partners-ponder-life-after-nafta-as-talks-hail-chapter-deal\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">President Trump’s threats to pull the U.S. out of NAFTA\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“I think there may be some bumpy anxious moments in between, but I believe the president is absolutely committed to getting the best NAFTA deal for the United States as well as our other trade partners.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Perdue held a town hall in Modesto on Sunday and met with Democratic Reps. Jimmy Panetta and Jim Costa. On Monday, he sat down with Republican Rep. David Valadao and a small group of farmers in the town of Arvin, south of Bakersfield.\u003c/p>\n\n",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>When Agriculture Secretary Sonny Perdue was governor of Georgia, he \u003ca href=\"http://www.nytimes.com/2006/04/18/us/18georgia.html\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">enacted one of the harshest immigration laws in the nation\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The crackdown on undocumented immigrants worked so well to drive them from the state that Georgia farmers had nobody to pick their crops come harvest. Fruits and vegetables \u003ca href=\"https://www.theatlantic.com/business/archive/2011/06/georgias-harsh-immigration-law-costs-millions-in-unharvested-crops/240774/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">rotted in fields and farmers lost millions\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But on his first visit to California since joining the Trump administration, Perdue indicated a different approach to immigration.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In meetings with Central Valley congressmen and farmers, Perdue heard about growing difficulties finding enough workers to harvest crops. He said part of the answer is a new guestworker program, but that’s not enough.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Perdue pointed to Rep. Bob Goodlatte’s (R-Va.) \u003ca href=\"https://judiciary.house.gov/wp-content/uploads/2017/10/Ag-Act-Bill-text.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Agricultural Guestworker Act\u003c/a>, saying, “It really doesn’t address the real needs of California farmers because many of these undocumented workers have been here for years and they’ve become part of the operation, sometimes farm managers, and they don’t really have a home to go back to right now.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Under Perdue’s leadership, the U.S. Department of Agriculture \u003ca href=\"https://www.usda.gov/media/press-releases/2017/06/15/secretary-perdue-hosts-inaugural-rural-prosperity-task-force\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">is taking part in a task force working on rural issues\u003c/a>, including immigration policies that affect agriculture.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“We have to address this transition area at some point,” he said. “Not that they want citizenship necessarily; they want legal status.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Perdue also had some words of comfort for farmers worried about \u003ca href=\"https://www.bloomberg.com/news/articles/2017-10-11/u-s-partners-ponder-life-after-nafta-as-talks-hail-chapter-deal\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">President Trump’s threats to pull the U.S. out of NAFTA\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“I think there may be some bumpy anxious moments in between, but I believe the president is absolutely committed to getting the best NAFTA deal for the United States as well as our other trade partners.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Perdue held a town hall in Modesto on Sunday and met with Democratic Reps. Jimmy Panetta and Jim Costa. On Monday, he sat down with Republican Rep. David Valadao and a small group of farmers in the town of Arvin, south of Bakersfield.\u003c/p>\n\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>",
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"title": "Temporary Protected Status for Nicaraguan Immigrants to End in January 2019",
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"content": "\u003cp>The Trump administration has announced it will end Temporary Protected Status — known as TPS — for more than 5,000 Nicaraguan immigrants in the U.S. But Homeland Security officials said they have yet to decide the fate of three much larger groups of TPS holders: Hondurans, Salvadorans and Haitians.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>TPS is granted to immigrants from a handful of countries that have been beset by crises like war or natural disaster. It’s typically renewed every 18 months.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The status was granted to Nicaraguans in the U.S. following Hurricane Mitch in 1998. Their protection was set to expire Jan. 5. Officials said Monday that Nicaraguans will get only one more year, until January 2019.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>TPS for about 86,000 Hondurans was also set to expire Jan. 5, but officials said they haven’t made a decision yet. Instead, they’re getting a six-month extension, with a decision at a later date.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[contextly_sidebar id=”aCu9IIrKBugBDe8NGcl8snmxeZ6TnIsl”]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Gladys Nunez, from Honduras, has had TPS for many years. She breathed a sigh of relief Monday evening.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“It’s good news, even if it’s six months, we’ll keep waiting and asking God for this country to give us more time, so we can stay here,” Nunez said in Spanish.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Critics say “temporary” should mean “temporary.” Washington, D.C., think tank the Center for Immigration Studies wants more restrictions on immigration.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“The only rationale for something like this is if people can’t be sent back physically,” the center’s Mark Krikorian said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Officials did not announce a decision for TPS holders from El Salvador or Haiti.\u003c/p>\n\n",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>The Trump administration has announced it will end Temporary Protected Status — known as TPS — for more than 5,000 Nicaraguan immigrants in the U.S. But Homeland Security officials said they have yet to decide the fate of three much larger groups of TPS holders: Hondurans, Salvadorans and Haitians.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>TPS is granted to immigrants from a handful of countries that have been beset by crises like war or natural disaster. It’s typically renewed every 18 months.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The status was granted to Nicaraguans in the U.S. following Hurricane Mitch in 1998. Their protection was set to expire Jan. 5. Officials said Monday that Nicaraguans will get only one more year, until January 2019.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>TPS for about 86,000 Hondurans was also set to expire Jan. 5, but officials said they haven’t made a decision yet. Instead, they’re getting a six-month extension, with a decision at a later date.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Gladys Nunez, from Honduras, has had TPS for many years. She breathed a sigh of relief Monday evening.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“It’s good news, even if it’s six months, we’ll keep waiting and asking God for this country to give us more time, so we can stay here,” Nunez said in Spanish.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Critics say “temporary” should mean “temporary.” Washington, D.C., think tank the Center for Immigration Studies wants more restrictions on immigration.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“The only rationale for something like this is if people can’t be sent back physically,” the center’s Mark Krikorian said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Officials did not announce a decision for TPS holders from El Salvador or Haiti.\u003c/p>\n\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>",
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"content": "\u003cp>\u003cb>Tech giants testify in Russian hearings\u003cbr>\n\u003c/b>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">Silicon Valley executives testified before Congress this week about the role their companies played in allowing Russian misinformation to spread in the run-up to the presidential election. Congressman Adam Schiff (D-Calif.), who led the hearings, says many questions continue to revolve around how Russian operatives were able to pose as Americans and spread content through Facebook, Google and Twitter on divisive issues such as immigration and race relations.\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cb>Political Analysis: Mueller’s indictments and GOP tax reform\u003cbr>\n\u003c/b>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">Our political experts analyze the week’s key developments, from indictments handed down by special counsel Bob Mueller in the investigation into alleged Russian meddling in U.S. politics to the GOP’s tax reform proposal. \u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">Guests:\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cul>\n\u003cli style=\"font-weight: 400\">\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">Lanhee Chen, Hoover Institution fellow\u003c/span>\u003c/li>\n\u003cli style=\"font-weight: 400\">\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">Carla Marinucci, POLITICO senior writer \u003c/span>\u003c/li>\n\u003cli style=\"font-weight: 400\">\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">Tim Miller, Definers Public Affairs partner\u003c/span>\u003c/li>\n\u003c/ul>\n\u003cp>\u003cb>Helping Puerto Rico\u003cbr>\n\u003c/b>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">Six weeks after Hurricane Maria tore through Puerto Rico, roughly 70 percent of the U.S. territory remains without power. Last month the Registered Nurse Response Network sent 50 volunteer nurses on a two-week relief mission. We hear from two California nurses about what they witnessed and why residents are still desperate for assistance.\u003cbr>\n\u003c/span>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">\u003cbr>\n\u003c/span>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">Guests:\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cul>\n\u003cli style=\"font-weight: 400\">\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">Sandy Adler Killen, Registered Nurse Response Network\u003c/span>\u003c/li>\n\u003cli style=\"font-weight: 400\">\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">Randee Litten, Registered Nurse Response Network\u003c/span>\u003c/li>\n\u003c/ul>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">To contribute to Randee Litten’s Go Fund Me page, visit: \u003c/span>\u003ca href=\"https://www.gofundme.com/hurricanemarianurserelief\">\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">https://www.gofundme.com/hurricanemarianurserelief\u003c/span>\u003c/a>\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>\u003cb>Tech giants testify in Russian hearings\u003cbr>\n\u003c/b>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">Silicon Valley executives testified before Congress this week about the role their companies played in allowing Russian misinformation to spread in the run-up to the presidential election. Congressman Adam Schiff (D-Calif.), who led the hearings, says many questions continue to revolve around how Russian operatives were able to pose as Americans and spread content through Facebook, Google and Twitter on divisive issues such as immigration and race relations.\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cb>Political Analysis: Mueller’s indictments and GOP tax reform\u003cbr>\n\u003c/b>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">Our political experts analyze the week’s key developments, from indictments handed down by special counsel Bob Mueller in the investigation into alleged Russian meddling in U.S. politics to the GOP’s tax reform proposal. \u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">Guests:\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cul>\n\u003cli style=\"font-weight: 400\">\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">Lanhee Chen, Hoover Institution fellow\u003c/span>\u003c/li>\n\u003cli style=\"font-weight: 400\">\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">Carla Marinucci, POLITICO senior writer \u003c/span>\u003c/li>\n\u003cli style=\"font-weight: 400\">\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">Tim Miller, Definers Public Affairs partner\u003c/span>\u003c/li>\n\u003c/ul>\n\u003cp>\u003cb>Helping Puerto Rico\u003cbr>\n\u003c/b>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">Six weeks after Hurricane Maria tore through Puerto Rico, roughly 70 percent of the U.S. territory remains without power. Last month the Registered Nurse Response Network sent 50 volunteer nurses on a two-week relief mission. We hear from two California nurses about what they witnessed and why residents are still desperate for assistance.\u003cbr>\n\u003c/span>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">\u003cbr>\n\u003c/span>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">Guests:\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cul>\n\u003cli style=\"font-weight: 400\">\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">Sandy Adler Killen, Registered Nurse Response Network\u003c/span>\u003c/li>\n\u003cli style=\"font-weight: 400\">\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">Randee Litten, Registered Nurse Response Network\u003c/span>\u003c/li>\n\u003c/ul>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">To contribute to Randee Litten’s Go Fund Me page, visit: \u003c/span>\u003ca href=\"https://www.gofundme.com/hurricanemarianurserelief\">\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">https://www.gofundme.com/hurricanemarianurserelief\u003c/span>\u003c/a>\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"slug": "for-chinas-gold-rush-prospectors-bone-scraping-was-the-last-way-home",
"title": "For China’s Gold Rush Prospectors, ‘Bone Scraping’ Was the Last Way Home",
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"content": "\u003cp>During the Gold Rush, thousands of Chinese prospectors came to California looking to “hit pay dirt,” and then head home rich. But like so many miners with the same ambition, most Chinese immigrants ended up in less shiny pursuits — like railroads, restaurants and retail. They sent money back to the home country when they could, and planned to return eventually.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>So what happened when they died in California?\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Richard Yue owns the Chinese cemetery in Auburn, where his great-grandfather’s bones still lie buried in a terra-cotta pot.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Unfortunately, somebody popped open the lid of it and stole the skull out of it, but the bones are in there,” Yue says.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>His ancestors didn’t expect their remains to stay in California. But given the long, expensive boat trip between San Francisco and China in the 19th century, it made more sense to bury the bodies in shallow graves for approximately seven years, and let the perishable flesh decompose first.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11626909\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 800px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"wp-image-11626909 size-medium\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2017/10/RS27806_IMG_9671-1-qut-800x450.jpg\" alt=\"You'd have to go looking for Auburn's Chinese cemetery, located as it far off the main drag. Many Chinese communities during the Gold Rush did not have their own cemeteries. Others had several, each dedication to different families coming from different regions of China.\" width=\"800\" height=\"450\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2017/10/RS27806_IMG_9671-1-qut-800x450.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2017/10/RS27806_IMG_9671-1-qut-160x90.jpg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2017/10/RS27806_IMG_9671-1-qut-1020x574.jpg 1020w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2017/10/RS27806_IMG_9671-1-qut-1180x664.jpg 1180w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2017/10/RS27806_IMG_9671-1-qut-960x540.jpg 960w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2017/10/RS27806_IMG_9671-1-qut-240x135.jpg 240w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2017/10/RS27806_IMG_9671-1-qut-375x211.jpg 375w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2017/10/RS27806_IMG_9671-1-qut-520x293.jpg 520w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2017/10/RS27806_IMG_9671-1-qut.jpg 1280w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Many Chinese communities during the Gold Rush did not have their own cemeteries. Others had several, each dedication to different families coming from different regions of China. \u003ccite>(Photo: Rachael Myrow/KQED)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>In the case of those buried in Auburn, most of the bones were headed back to a particular region of southwestern Guangdong known as Toishan, or Taishan today.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Yue explains that when enough time had passed, the deceased’s relatives would contact one of a handful of companies in San Francisco that did bone scraping.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“[They] would come here and exhume the bones and clean them and arrange them very carefully into tin boxes or into crocks. Then they would take them to San Francisco and have them shipped back to their home village to be buried with their ancestors,” Yue says.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11626922\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 800px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-medium wp-image-11626922\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2017/10/RS27808_IMG_9684-qut-800x600.jpg\" alt=\"What remains of the remains of Richard Yue's great-grandfather, Chong You. Under this cap lies a terra cotta jar with Chong You's bones, minus the skull (stolen by vandals).\" width=\"800\" height=\"600\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2017/10/RS27808_IMG_9684-qut-800x600.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2017/10/RS27808_IMG_9684-qut-160x120.jpg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2017/10/RS27808_IMG_9684-qut-1020x765.jpg 1020w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2017/10/RS27808_IMG_9684-qut.jpg 1920w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2017/10/RS27808_IMG_9684-qut-1180x885.jpg 1180w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2017/10/RS27808_IMG_9684-qut-960x720.jpg 960w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2017/10/RS27808_IMG_9684-qut-240x180.jpg 240w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2017/10/RS27808_IMG_9684-qut-375x281.jpg 375w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2017/10/RS27808_IMG_9684-qut-520x390.jpg 520w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">What remains of the remains of Richard Yue’s great-grandfather, Chong You. Under this cap lies a terra cotta jar with Chong You’s bones, minus the skull (stolen by vandals). \u003ccite>(Photo: Rachael Myrow/KQED)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>“Funerary rites are a wonderful lens to understand and view a culture,” says Linda Sun Crowder. A cultural anthropologist who teaches at Cal State Fullerton, she’s also one of the state’s foremost experts on the practice of Chinese “bone scraping.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Crowder says the bones are believed to harness powerful energy. “Every Chinese wants to be buried together with their ancestors, so that all the combined energy from these bones will help to fortify the family and bring good fortune.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Even the lowliest laborer would contract — or his family association would contract for him — bone scraping in the event of his death. While it was common for many fortune hunters to presume their stay in California would be temporary, the Chinese had strong reasons to doubt they could set down roots.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Anti-Chinese sentiment was rife in 19th century America, peaking in 1882 with the federal establishment of the Chinese Exclusion Act, suspending all immigration of Chinese laborers. The Chinese Exclusion Act was the first law implemented to prevent a specific ethnic group from immigrating to the United States. It would not be repealed until 1943.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11626923\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 800px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-medium wp-image-11626923\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2017/10/RS27804_Chong-You-1894-qut-800x727.jpg\" alt=\"Richard Yue's ancestors came to California seeking a better life. At first, they may have intended to make their fortune and return to China. But over time, they set down roots and helped establish a Chinese community in the foothills of the Sierra Nevada.\" width=\"800\" height=\"727\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2017/10/RS27804_Chong-You-1894-qut-800x727.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2017/10/RS27804_Chong-You-1894-qut-160x145.jpg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2017/10/RS27804_Chong-You-1894-qut-1020x926.jpg 1020w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2017/10/RS27804_Chong-You-1894-qut-1180x1072.jpg 1180w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2017/10/RS27804_Chong-You-1894-qut-960x872.jpg 960w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2017/10/RS27804_Chong-You-1894-qut-240x218.jpg 240w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2017/10/RS27804_Chong-You-1894-qut-375x341.jpg 375w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2017/10/RS27804_Chong-You-1894-qut-520x472.jpg 520w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2017/10/RS27804_Chong-You-1894-qut.jpg 1843w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Richard Yue’s ancestors came to California seeking a better life. At first, they may have intended to make their fortune and return to China. But over time, they set down roots and helped establish a Chinese community in the foothills of the Sierra Nevada. \u003ccite>(Photo: Courtesy of Richard Yue)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Bone scraping in the U.S. lasted until the 1950s, in large part because Communist China then was closed off from the rest of the world.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Nowadays, Crowder says, there’s a reverse trend in effect.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Since many Chinese are now living overseas, they want to, again, keep their family together, and they are bringing remains out of China over to America … wherever they are making their new home,” Crowder says.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Wherever” means all over the world.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Terry Abraham of the University of Idaho has compiled an impressively long list of \u003ca href=\"http://webpages.uidaho.edu/special-collections/papers/ch_cem.htm\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Chinese cemeteries outside China\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Today, you can still find Gold Rush-era Chinese cemeteries, or Chinese sections of cemeteries, all over California. Among the altars and stone grave markers you’ll find a number of shallow depressions in the grass-covered earth: the last evidence here of the Chinese whose bones made it back to China.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11626927\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 800px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-medium wp-image-11626927\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2017/10/RS27807_IMG_9675-1-qut-800x600.jpg\" alt=\"Many of California's historic Chinese cemeteries are in need of restoration. History buff groups like E Clampus Vitus are working to support that effort, providing clean up crews and plaques explaining the importance of these sites for all. \" width=\"800\" height=\"600\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2017/10/RS27807_IMG_9675-1-qut-800x600.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2017/10/RS27807_IMG_9675-1-qut-160x120.jpg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2017/10/RS27807_IMG_9675-1-qut-1020x765.jpg 1020w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2017/10/RS27807_IMG_9675-1-qut.jpg 1920w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2017/10/RS27807_IMG_9675-1-qut-1180x885.jpg 1180w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2017/10/RS27807_IMG_9675-1-qut-960x720.jpg 960w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2017/10/RS27807_IMG_9675-1-qut-240x180.jpg 240w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2017/10/RS27807_IMG_9675-1-qut-375x281.jpg 375w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2017/10/RS27807_IMG_9675-1-qut-520x390.jpg 520w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Many of California’s historic Chinese cemeteries are in need of restoration. History buff groups like E Clampus Vitus are working to support that effort, providing cleanup crews and plaques explaining the importance of these sites for all. \u003ccite>(Photo: Rachael Myrow/KQED)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\n",
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"excerpt": "For many in 1800s California, the long passage back home was prohibitively expensive -- and this all-but-forgotten practice was the only way to be buried with their ancestors.",
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"title": "For China’s Gold Rush Prospectors, ‘Bone Scraping’ Was the Last Way Home | KQED",
"description": "For many in 1800s California, the long passage back home was prohibitively expensive -- and this all-but-forgotten practice was the only way to be buried with their ancestors.",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>During the Gold Rush, thousands of Chinese prospectors came to California looking to “hit pay dirt,” and then head home rich. But like so many miners with the same ambition, most Chinese immigrants ended up in less shiny pursuits — like railroads, restaurants and retail. They sent money back to the home country when they could, and planned to return eventually.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>So what happened when they died in California?\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Richard Yue owns the Chinese cemetery in Auburn, where his great-grandfather’s bones still lie buried in a terra-cotta pot.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Unfortunately, somebody popped open the lid of it and stole the skull out of it, but the bones are in there,” Yue says.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>His ancestors didn’t expect their remains to stay in California. But given the long, expensive boat trip between San Francisco and China in the 19th century, it made more sense to bury the bodies in shallow graves for approximately seven years, and let the perishable flesh decompose first.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11626909\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 800px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"wp-image-11626909 size-medium\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2017/10/RS27806_IMG_9671-1-qut-800x450.jpg\" alt=\"You'd have to go looking for Auburn's Chinese cemetery, located as it far off the main drag. Many Chinese communities during the Gold Rush did not have their own cemeteries. Others had several, each dedication to different families coming from different regions of China.\" width=\"800\" height=\"450\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2017/10/RS27806_IMG_9671-1-qut-800x450.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2017/10/RS27806_IMG_9671-1-qut-160x90.jpg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2017/10/RS27806_IMG_9671-1-qut-1020x574.jpg 1020w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2017/10/RS27806_IMG_9671-1-qut-1180x664.jpg 1180w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2017/10/RS27806_IMG_9671-1-qut-960x540.jpg 960w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2017/10/RS27806_IMG_9671-1-qut-240x135.jpg 240w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2017/10/RS27806_IMG_9671-1-qut-375x211.jpg 375w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2017/10/RS27806_IMG_9671-1-qut-520x293.jpg 520w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2017/10/RS27806_IMG_9671-1-qut.jpg 1280w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Many Chinese communities during the Gold Rush did not have their own cemeteries. Others had several, each dedication to different families coming from different regions of China. \u003ccite>(Photo: Rachael Myrow/KQED)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>In the case of those buried in Auburn, most of the bones were headed back to a particular region of southwestern Guangdong known as Toishan, or Taishan today.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Yue explains that when enough time had passed, the deceased’s relatives would contact one of a handful of companies in San Francisco that did bone scraping.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“[They] would come here and exhume the bones and clean them and arrange them very carefully into tin boxes or into crocks. Then they would take them to San Francisco and have them shipped back to their home village to be buried with their ancestors,” Yue says.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11626922\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 800px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-medium wp-image-11626922\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2017/10/RS27808_IMG_9684-qut-800x600.jpg\" alt=\"What remains of the remains of Richard Yue's great-grandfather, Chong You. Under this cap lies a terra cotta jar with Chong You's bones, minus the skull (stolen by vandals).\" width=\"800\" height=\"600\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2017/10/RS27808_IMG_9684-qut-800x600.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2017/10/RS27808_IMG_9684-qut-160x120.jpg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2017/10/RS27808_IMG_9684-qut-1020x765.jpg 1020w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2017/10/RS27808_IMG_9684-qut.jpg 1920w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2017/10/RS27808_IMG_9684-qut-1180x885.jpg 1180w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2017/10/RS27808_IMG_9684-qut-960x720.jpg 960w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2017/10/RS27808_IMG_9684-qut-240x180.jpg 240w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2017/10/RS27808_IMG_9684-qut-375x281.jpg 375w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2017/10/RS27808_IMG_9684-qut-520x390.jpg 520w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">What remains of the remains of Richard Yue’s great-grandfather, Chong You. Under this cap lies a terra cotta jar with Chong You’s bones, minus the skull (stolen by vandals). \u003ccite>(Photo: Rachael Myrow/KQED)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>“Funerary rites are a wonderful lens to understand and view a culture,” says Linda Sun Crowder. A cultural anthropologist who teaches at Cal State Fullerton, she’s also one of the state’s foremost experts on the practice of Chinese “bone scraping.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Crowder says the bones are believed to harness powerful energy. “Every Chinese wants to be buried together with their ancestors, so that all the combined energy from these bones will help to fortify the family and bring good fortune.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Even the lowliest laborer would contract — or his family association would contract for him — bone scraping in the event of his death. While it was common for many fortune hunters to presume their stay in California would be temporary, the Chinese had strong reasons to doubt they could set down roots.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Anti-Chinese sentiment was rife in 19th century America, peaking in 1882 with the federal establishment of the Chinese Exclusion Act, suspending all immigration of Chinese laborers. The Chinese Exclusion Act was the first law implemented to prevent a specific ethnic group from immigrating to the United States. It would not be repealed until 1943.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11626923\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 800px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-medium wp-image-11626923\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2017/10/RS27804_Chong-You-1894-qut-800x727.jpg\" alt=\"Richard Yue's ancestors came to California seeking a better life. At first, they may have intended to make their fortune and return to China. But over time, they set down roots and helped establish a Chinese community in the foothills of the Sierra Nevada.\" width=\"800\" height=\"727\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2017/10/RS27804_Chong-You-1894-qut-800x727.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2017/10/RS27804_Chong-You-1894-qut-160x145.jpg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2017/10/RS27804_Chong-You-1894-qut-1020x926.jpg 1020w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2017/10/RS27804_Chong-You-1894-qut-1180x1072.jpg 1180w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2017/10/RS27804_Chong-You-1894-qut-960x872.jpg 960w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2017/10/RS27804_Chong-You-1894-qut-240x218.jpg 240w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2017/10/RS27804_Chong-You-1894-qut-375x341.jpg 375w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2017/10/RS27804_Chong-You-1894-qut-520x472.jpg 520w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2017/10/RS27804_Chong-You-1894-qut.jpg 1843w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Richard Yue’s ancestors came to California seeking a better life. At first, they may have intended to make their fortune and return to China. But over time, they set down roots and helped establish a Chinese community in the foothills of the Sierra Nevada. \u003ccite>(Photo: Courtesy of Richard Yue)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Bone scraping in the U.S. lasted until the 1950s, in large part because Communist China then was closed off from the rest of the world.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Nowadays, Crowder says, there’s a reverse trend in effect.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Since many Chinese are now living overseas, they want to, again, keep their family together, and they are bringing remains out of China over to America … wherever they are making their new home,” Crowder says.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Wherever” means all over the world.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Terry Abraham of the University of Idaho has compiled an impressively long list of \u003ca href=\"http://webpages.uidaho.edu/special-collections/papers/ch_cem.htm\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Chinese cemeteries outside China\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Today, you can still find Gold Rush-era Chinese cemeteries, or Chinese sections of cemeteries, all over California. Among the altars and stone grave markers you’ll find a number of shallow depressions in the grass-covered earth: the last evidence here of the Chinese whose bones made it back to China.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11626927\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 800px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-medium wp-image-11626927\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2017/10/RS27807_IMG_9675-1-qut-800x600.jpg\" alt=\"Many of California's historic Chinese cemeteries are in need of restoration. History buff groups like E Clampus Vitus are working to support that effort, providing clean up crews and plaques explaining the importance of these sites for all. \" width=\"800\" height=\"600\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2017/10/RS27807_IMG_9675-1-qut-800x600.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2017/10/RS27807_IMG_9675-1-qut-160x120.jpg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2017/10/RS27807_IMG_9675-1-qut-1020x765.jpg 1020w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2017/10/RS27807_IMG_9675-1-qut.jpg 1920w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2017/10/RS27807_IMG_9675-1-qut-1180x885.jpg 1180w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2017/10/RS27807_IMG_9675-1-qut-960x720.jpg 960w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2017/10/RS27807_IMG_9675-1-qut-240x180.jpg 240w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2017/10/RS27807_IMG_9675-1-qut-375x281.jpg 375w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2017/10/RS27807_IMG_9675-1-qut-520x390.jpg 520w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Many of California’s historic Chinese cemeteries are in need of restoration. History buff groups like E Clampus Vitus are working to support that effort, providing cleanup crews and plaques explaining the importance of these sites for all. \u003ccite>(Photo: Rachael Myrow/KQED)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>",
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"disqusTitle": "A Day of the Dead Tradition Blooms in the Central Valley",
"title": "A Day of the Dead Tradition Blooms in the Central Valley",
"headTitle": "The California Report | KQED News",
"content": "\u003cp>In some California communities with roots in Latin America, especially Mexico, the last days of October are spent getting ready for \u003ca href=\"https://www.nationalgeographic.org/media/dia-de-los-muertos/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Day of the Dead\u003c/a>. That means making altars for loved ones and covering them with marigolds.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>With their flashy color and strong perfume, marigolds help spirits find their way back to their families. At least that’s one theory about why they’re the \u003cem>flor de muerto\u003c/em> -- the flower of the dead.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[audio src=\"https://www.kqed.org/.stream/anon/radio/tcrmag/2017/10/Marigolds.mp3\" Image=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2017/10/Antonio-2-1180x787.jpg\" Title=\"A Day of the Dead Tradition Blooms in the Central Valley\" program=\"The California Report\"]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>These bright orange blooms aren’t always easy to find, and Central Valley farmer Antonio Chavez is trying to change that. He's growing them for people like him, who are longing for a piece of home.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>For Chavez these aren't marigolds, they're \u003ca href=\"http://www.gdn.unam.mx/termino/search?queryCreiterio=cempohualxochitl&modulo=termino&action=search&queryEnDiccionarios%5B%5D=15&queryPartePalabra=inic\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">\u003cem>cempasuchils\u003c/em>, a word with Nahuatl origins. \u003c/a> He never thought much about why cempasuchils are so important, he just knew they were. \"It’s the tradition our grandparents handed down,\" he says. \"The flowers are sacred. They’re essential for Day of the Dead.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Chavez and his parents left Oaxaca, Mexico, a decade ago, and missed celebrating like they did back home. So a couple of years ago they started growing marigolds in Kerman, a small town outside Fresno.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>They farm a few acres along a country road; mostly squash and chilies with a few rows of fiery flowers mixed in.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"The first year we just planted a small amount for ourselves,\" Chavez says, \"but then people started coming by saying 'Sell us some.' \"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>So many people bought flowers that the family ran out. This year Chavez planted more. His family still gets first dibs.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11626500\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 800px\">\u003cimg class=\"size-medium wp-image-11626500\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2017/10/Antonio-1-800x533.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"800\" height=\"533\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/10/Antonio-1-800x533.jpg 800w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/10/Antonio-1-160x107.jpg 160w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/10/Antonio-1-1020x680.jpg 1020w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/10/Antonio-1.jpg 1920w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/10/Antonio-1-1180x787.jpg 1180w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/10/Antonio-1-960x640.jpg 960w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/10/Antonio-1-240x160.jpg 240w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/10/Antonio-1-375x250.jpg 375w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/10/Antonio-1-520x347.jpg 520w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Antonio Chavez picks out a few especially beautiful flowers, like the ones he'll use for his family's Day of the Dead altar. \u003ccite>(Vanessa Rancano/KQED)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>On the last day of October they’ll pick the flowers and make big arches out of them to place over the altar. They'll arrange others in the shape of a cross. Then they’ll set out fruits and sweets for Chavez's sister, who died as a child, and tamales and mole for the grandparents who once taught him these traditions.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>For Chavez these rituals are especially important now that his hometown in Oaxaca has been abandoned.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Life was hard there, he says: no TV, no phones, no money. But he describes it as a beautiful place tucked into a green mountain valley.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>When he was young there was a school there, and lots of kids. Now, he says, \"there's nothing.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Only the elderly are left, because they couldn’t make the trip across the border to the U.S. \"Sometimes it makes me sad to know that in a few years there won't be anyone left in the town.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But Chavez says growing these marigolds makes him feel like at least he’s sharing the spirit of the place with his fellow immigrants.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"Everything has changed,\" he says, \"but we haven’t. We haven’t changed who we are.\"\u003c/p>\n\n",
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"excerpt": "This farmer is growing marigolds in the Central Valley for people like him, who long for a piece of home.",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>In some California communities with roots in Latin America, especially Mexico, the last days of October are spent getting ready for \u003ca href=\"https://www.nationalgeographic.org/media/dia-de-los-muertos/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Day of the Dead\u003c/a>. That means making altars for loved ones and covering them with marigolds.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>With their flashy color and strong perfume, marigolds help spirits find their way back to their families. At least that’s one theory about why they’re the \u003cem>flor de muerto\u003c/em> -- the flower of the dead.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>These bright orange blooms aren’t always easy to find, and Central Valley farmer Antonio Chavez is trying to change that. He's growing them for people like him, who are longing for a piece of home.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>For Chavez these aren't marigolds, they're \u003ca href=\"http://www.gdn.unam.mx/termino/search?queryCreiterio=cempohualxochitl&modulo=termino&action=search&queryEnDiccionarios%5B%5D=15&queryPartePalabra=inic\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">\u003cem>cempasuchils\u003c/em>, a word with Nahuatl origins. \u003c/a> He never thought much about why cempasuchils are so important, he just knew they were. \"It’s the tradition our grandparents handed down,\" he says. \"The flowers are sacred. They’re essential for Day of the Dead.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Chavez and his parents left Oaxaca, Mexico, a decade ago, and missed celebrating like they did back home. So a couple of years ago they started growing marigolds in Kerman, a small town outside Fresno.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>They farm a few acres along a country road; mostly squash and chilies with a few rows of fiery flowers mixed in.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"The first year we just planted a small amount for ourselves,\" Chavez says, \"but then people started coming by saying 'Sell us some.' \"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>So many people bought flowers that the family ran out. This year Chavez planted more. His family still gets first dibs.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11626500\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 800px\">\u003cimg class=\"size-medium wp-image-11626500\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2017/10/Antonio-1-800x533.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"800\" height=\"533\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/10/Antonio-1-800x533.jpg 800w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/10/Antonio-1-160x107.jpg 160w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/10/Antonio-1-1020x680.jpg 1020w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/10/Antonio-1.jpg 1920w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/10/Antonio-1-1180x787.jpg 1180w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/10/Antonio-1-960x640.jpg 960w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/10/Antonio-1-240x160.jpg 240w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/10/Antonio-1-375x250.jpg 375w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/10/Antonio-1-520x347.jpg 520w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Antonio Chavez picks out a few especially beautiful flowers, like the ones he'll use for his family's Day of the Dead altar. \u003ccite>(Vanessa Rancano/KQED)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>On the last day of October they’ll pick the flowers and make big arches out of them to place over the altar. They'll arrange others in the shape of a cross. Then they’ll set out fruits and sweets for Chavez's sister, who died as a child, and tamales and mole for the grandparents who once taught him these traditions.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>For Chavez these rituals are especially important now that his hometown in Oaxaca has been abandoned.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Life was hard there, he says: no TV, no phones, no money. But he describes it as a beautiful place tucked into a green mountain valley.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>When he was young there was a school there, and lots of kids. Now, he says, \"there's nothing.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Only the elderly are left, because they couldn’t make the trip across the border to the U.S. \"Sometimes it makes me sad to know that in a few years there won't be anyone left in the town.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But Chavez says growing these marigolds makes him feel like at least he’s sharing the spirit of the place with his fellow immigrants.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"Everything has changed,\" he says, \"but we haven’t. We haven’t changed who we are.\"\u003c/p>\n\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>",
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"disqusTitle": "Oakland Dad Reunites With Family After Lengthy ICE Detention",
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"content": "\u003cp>Yibi Heras stood on the sidewalk outside San Francisco's immigration court. She had not seen \u003ca href=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/news/2017/03/08/how-trump-could-detain-more-immigrants-in-california/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">her husband\u003c/a> in the seven months since U.S. Immigration and Customs Enforcement agents had whisked him away to a jail in Richmond.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>That was in February. By the time the undocumented immigrant got his August court hearing to consider his release, Heras was 8½ months pregnant and was caring for their three young children on her own. She had next to no income because she had to quit work to care for her older son, who has cerebral palsy.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>That all weighed on Heras as she stood outside the courthouse, holding the hands of her two younger children, with 9-year-old Kevin in his wheelchair by her side. She hoped the judge would see how much she and the children need her husband, Maguiber, and release him. (We are using only his first name while his immigration case is pending.)\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“I feel anxious and nervous,\" Heras said, \"but I have faith that everything will come out OK.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11626350\" class=\"wp-caption alignnone\" style=\"max-width: 800px\">\u003cimg class=\"wp-image-11626350 size-medium\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2017/10/IMG_5562-800x600.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"800\" height=\"600\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Yibi Heras (in white) and her children rally with supporters outside San Francisco's immigration court, calling for the release of her husband from ICE detention. \u003ccite>(Tyche Hendricks/KQED)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>She had come to court with backup.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>On the sidewalk, about 40 people gathered around her and the children, chanting \"Free Maguiber!”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Some were friends, many were advocates, and they would help Heras manage the children during the three-hour hearing. A number of them risked arrest by entering the courthouse because they lack legal immigration status, and the same building also houses the regional headquarters for ICE.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Maguiber wasn't in the courtroom. His image appeared on a television screen connected by video feed to a cinderblock holding cell in a Richmond jail across the bay.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>While he waited to learn his fate, Maguiber sighed deeply and shifted uncomfortably in his yellow jumpsuit.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The younger kids, Christopher, 3, and Gabriela, 4, waved and called out to their daddy. But he couldn't hear or see them.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>They didn't understand why he wouldn't answer.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[contextly_sidebar id=\"kbXU5WAWZilS9V9M7NM1QCkg9OoIdssu\"]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>About an hour into the hearing, Judge Valerie Burch asked her clerk to pan the courtroom camera over to the children. Then Maguiber's face lit up, and he greeted them.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>That was more than Kevin could take; he buried his face in his sweatshirt, crying.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Back in February, the children had been asleep when ICE agents came to the family's Oakland home before dawn and took their father away. The kids talked to Maguiber by phone most days, but they had not laid eyes on him since his arrest.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The 27-year-old from Guatemala had been deported once before, after he was convicted for using cocaine at age 18. He later returned to the Bay Area, and he and Heras began raising a family. Last year he had a misdemeanor conviction for reckless driving, which may have brought him to ICE's attention.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>As recently as a year ago, someone like Maguiber, with no serious criminal record, would not have been a target for arrest and deportation.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But that changed in January when President Trump issued a pair of \u003ca href=\"https://www.whitehouse.gov/the-press-office/2017/01/25/executive-order-border-security-and-immigration-enforcement-improvements\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">executive orders \u003c/a>tightening immigration enforcement.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/news/2017/08/16/immigration-arrests-increase-in-northern-california/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Arrests\u003c/a> of people with no violent criminal history shot up this year -- and, with few exceptions, ICE has followed orders to detain people until they can be deported.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In fact, the government tried to stop the hearing for Maguiber's release.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“They say someone in his situation -- who’s already been removed -- doesn’t ever have a right to a bond hearing,\" said attorney Lisa Knox.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But Knox said the judge knew that wasn't true in the case of her client.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Under a \u003ca href=\"http://www.scotusblog.com/wp-content/uploads/2016/04/jennings-op-below.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">decision \u003c/a>by the 9th U.S. Circuit Court of Appeals, which covers nine Western states and two territories, anyone ICE locks up for longer than six months has a constitutional right to a bond hearing and cannot be held longer unless the government can prove the person is a threat or flight risk.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Knox told immigration Judge Valerie Burch that her client was neither. She argued he should be allowed to return to his family until his immigration status is resolved in the courts.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Knox said Maguiber's detention had caused undue hardship. While he was in jail, Heras struggled to pay rent. And Knox said Kevin's cerebral palsy had worsened because he wasn't able to get to as many physical therapy appointments without his father's help.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>And she said with a newborn on the way and a child in a wheelchair, Maguiber clearly wasn't a flight risk.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"This is not a man who is going anywhere,\" Knox told the judge. \"His family needs him.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Judge Burch hesitated, noting that Maguiber's case to remain in the U.S. permanently seemed \"weak.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Even so, Burch found the government had \"not met its burden of responsibility\" to continue to detain him. She set Maguiber's bail at $3,500.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>After the hearing, Heras and her children and supporters found a nearby restaurant to get a bite to eat and celebrate. She was exhausted but relieved.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"We got what we wanted,\" she said. \"And now Maguiber is going to be able to meet the new baby.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Reunited\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Advocates posted Maguiber's bond the very next day, and he returned home just days before Heras gave birth to a baby girl.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>They named her Yareli Esperanza. Her middle name means “hope.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11626376\" class=\"wp-caption alignright\" style=\"max-width: 800px\">\u003cimg class=\"wp-image-11626376 size-medium\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2017/10/IMG_5839-1-800x600.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"800\" height=\"600\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/10/IMG_5839-1-800x600.jpg 800w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/10/IMG_5839-1-160x120.jpg 160w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/10/IMG_5839-1-1020x765.jpg 1020w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/10/IMG_5839-1-1920x1440.jpg 1920w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/10/IMG_5839-1-1180x885.jpg 1180w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/10/IMG_5839-1-960x720.jpg 960w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/10/IMG_5839-1-240x180.jpg 240w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/10/IMG_5839-1-375x281.jpg 375w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/10/IMG_5839-1-520x390.jpg 520w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Yibi Heras cradles her newborn daughter, Yareli Esperanza, who was born just days after the baby's father was released on bond, following seven months in immigration detention. \u003ccite>(Julie Small/KQED)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>On a sunny Sunday morning a few weeks after the birth, Maguiber sat in the family's small Oakland kitchen, cradling Yareli in her white cotton onesie and feeding her a bottle. He said when he was in jail he had feared he would miss her birth.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"I was scared,\" Maguiber said. \"Because I saw a lot of people deported from jail. I thought they could come and deport me at any moment, and I’d never see my family again.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Maguiber says conditions in the \u003ca href=\"https://www.ice.gov/detention-facility/contra-costa-west-county-detention-facility\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">West County Detention Center\u003c/a> in Richmond were tough. He got sick with allergies and his throat was closing up and his eyes were red and watering. But it took three days to see medical staff, and then they refused to give him medicine.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>He says the immigrant detainees had to take care of each other -- and became like a family. They talked about their cases and how they had been arrested.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The day the jail released Maguiber, the others gathered around him.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Everyone was sad, but at the same time, they were happy,\" he remembered. \"They came and hugged me. Some were crying, others were laughing.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Watching her kids scamper in and out of the kitchen, Heras said hers isn't the only family that has been separated by immigration enforcement. She said the father of a girl at Kevin’s school is also being detained in that same Richmond jail.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“It’s sad,\" Heras said. \"When you go through something like this, you don’t want other people to have to go through it.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But taking care of the children got easier after Maguiber came home.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"He can watch two, and I can watch two,\" she said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Also, \"Kevin’s getting out more now. That was a little hard for me when I was alone.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Since Maguiber returned, Kevin's legs have gotten stronger. Kevin was able to get to more physical therapy, and he used his walker more often.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Sometimes he takes us to the park or to the store or to walk for a little bit,\" Kevin said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Maguiber passed the sleeping baby to his wife and accepted a large plastic piggy bank from Gabriela, who needed help to open it. Detention hurts children, he said, but that gets lost in the fight over immigration.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“There are a lot of children living without their dad or their mom, because they’re deporting a lot of people\" he said. \"It’s painful, because your child isn’t to blame for any of it. It’s not their fault that you don’t have papers.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Maguiber still faces the threat of deportation, but his lawyer says immigration courts are so backed up that he probably won’t get a final hearing on his case for two to three years.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad floatright]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Judge Burch warned Maguiber that any criminal convictions would violate the conditions of his bail and could land him back in jail.\u003c/p>\n\n",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>Yibi Heras stood on the sidewalk outside San Francisco's immigration court. She had not seen \u003ca href=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/news/2017/03/08/how-trump-could-detain-more-immigrants-in-california/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">her husband\u003c/a> in the seven months since U.S. Immigration and Customs Enforcement agents had whisked him away to a jail in Richmond.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>That was in February. By the time the undocumented immigrant got his August court hearing to consider his release, Heras was 8½ months pregnant and was caring for their three young children on her own. She had next to no income because she had to quit work to care for her older son, who has cerebral palsy.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>That all weighed on Heras as she stood outside the courthouse, holding the hands of her two younger children, with 9-year-old Kevin in his wheelchair by her side. She hoped the judge would see how much she and the children need her husband, Maguiber, and release him. (We are using only his first name while his immigration case is pending.)\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“I feel anxious and nervous,\" Heras said, \"but I have faith that everything will come out OK.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11626350\" class=\"wp-caption alignnone\" style=\"max-width: 800px\">\u003cimg class=\"wp-image-11626350 size-medium\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2017/10/IMG_5562-800x600.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"800\" height=\"600\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Yibi Heras (in white) and her children rally with supporters outside San Francisco's immigration court, calling for the release of her husband from ICE detention. \u003ccite>(Tyche Hendricks/KQED)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>She had come to court with backup.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>On the sidewalk, about 40 people gathered around her and the children, chanting \"Free Maguiber!”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Some were friends, many were advocates, and they would help Heras manage the children during the three-hour hearing. A number of them risked arrest by entering the courthouse because they lack legal immigration status, and the same building also houses the regional headquarters for ICE.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Maguiber wasn't in the courtroom. His image appeared on a television screen connected by video feed to a cinderblock holding cell in a Richmond jail across the bay.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>While he waited to learn his fate, Maguiber sighed deeply and shifted uncomfortably in his yellow jumpsuit.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The younger kids, Christopher, 3, and Gabriela, 4, waved and called out to their daddy. But he couldn't hear or see them.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>They didn't understand why he wouldn't answer.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>About an hour into the hearing, Judge Valerie Burch asked her clerk to pan the courtroom camera over to the children. Then Maguiber's face lit up, and he greeted them.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>That was more than Kevin could take; he buried his face in his sweatshirt, crying.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Back in February, the children had been asleep when ICE agents came to the family's Oakland home before dawn and took their father away. The kids talked to Maguiber by phone most days, but they had not laid eyes on him since his arrest.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The 27-year-old from Guatemala had been deported once before, after he was convicted for using cocaine at age 18. He later returned to the Bay Area, and he and Heras began raising a family. Last year he had a misdemeanor conviction for reckless driving, which may have brought him to ICE's attention.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>As recently as a year ago, someone like Maguiber, with no serious criminal record, would not have been a target for arrest and deportation.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But that changed in January when President Trump issued a pair of \u003ca href=\"https://www.whitehouse.gov/the-press-office/2017/01/25/executive-order-border-security-and-immigration-enforcement-improvements\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">executive orders \u003c/a>tightening immigration enforcement.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/news/2017/08/16/immigration-arrests-increase-in-northern-california/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Arrests\u003c/a> of people with no violent criminal history shot up this year -- and, with few exceptions, ICE has followed orders to detain people until they can be deported.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In fact, the government tried to stop the hearing for Maguiber's release.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“They say someone in his situation -- who’s already been removed -- doesn’t ever have a right to a bond hearing,\" said attorney Lisa Knox.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But Knox said the judge knew that wasn't true in the case of her client.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Under a \u003ca href=\"http://www.scotusblog.com/wp-content/uploads/2016/04/jennings-op-below.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">decision \u003c/a>by the 9th U.S. Circuit Court of Appeals, which covers nine Western states and two territories, anyone ICE locks up for longer than six months has a constitutional right to a bond hearing and cannot be held longer unless the government can prove the person is a threat or flight risk.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Knox told immigration Judge Valerie Burch that her client was neither. She argued he should be allowed to return to his family until his immigration status is resolved in the courts.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Knox said Maguiber's detention had caused undue hardship. While he was in jail, Heras struggled to pay rent. And Knox said Kevin's cerebral palsy had worsened because he wasn't able to get to as many physical therapy appointments without his father's help.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>And she said with a newborn on the way and a child in a wheelchair, Maguiber clearly wasn't a flight risk.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"This is not a man who is going anywhere,\" Knox told the judge. \"His family needs him.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Judge Burch hesitated, noting that Maguiber's case to remain in the U.S. permanently seemed \"weak.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Even so, Burch found the government had \"not met its burden of responsibility\" to continue to detain him. She set Maguiber's bail at $3,500.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>After the hearing, Heras and her children and supporters found a nearby restaurant to get a bite to eat and celebrate. She was exhausted but relieved.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"We got what we wanted,\" she said. \"And now Maguiber is going to be able to meet the new baby.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Reunited\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Advocates posted Maguiber's bond the very next day, and he returned home just days before Heras gave birth to a baby girl.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>They named her Yareli Esperanza. Her middle name means “hope.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11626376\" class=\"wp-caption alignright\" style=\"max-width: 800px\">\u003cimg class=\"wp-image-11626376 size-medium\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2017/10/IMG_5839-1-800x600.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"800\" height=\"600\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/10/IMG_5839-1-800x600.jpg 800w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/10/IMG_5839-1-160x120.jpg 160w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/10/IMG_5839-1-1020x765.jpg 1020w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/10/IMG_5839-1-1920x1440.jpg 1920w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/10/IMG_5839-1-1180x885.jpg 1180w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/10/IMG_5839-1-960x720.jpg 960w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/10/IMG_5839-1-240x180.jpg 240w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/10/IMG_5839-1-375x281.jpg 375w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/10/IMG_5839-1-520x390.jpg 520w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Yibi Heras cradles her newborn daughter, Yareli Esperanza, who was born just days after the baby's father was released on bond, following seven months in immigration detention. \u003ccite>(Julie Small/KQED)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>On a sunny Sunday morning a few weeks after the birth, Maguiber sat in the family's small Oakland kitchen, cradling Yareli in her white cotton onesie and feeding her a bottle. He said when he was in jail he had feared he would miss her birth.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"I was scared,\" Maguiber said. \"Because I saw a lot of people deported from jail. I thought they could come and deport me at any moment, and I’d never see my family again.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Maguiber says conditions in the \u003ca href=\"https://www.ice.gov/detention-facility/contra-costa-west-county-detention-facility\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">West County Detention Center\u003c/a> in Richmond were tough. He got sick with allergies and his throat was closing up and his eyes were red and watering. But it took three days to see medical staff, and then they refused to give him medicine.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>He says the immigrant detainees had to take care of each other -- and became like a family. They talked about their cases and how they had been arrested.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The day the jail released Maguiber, the others gathered around him.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Everyone was sad, but at the same time, they were happy,\" he remembered. \"They came and hugged me. Some were crying, others were laughing.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Watching her kids scamper in and out of the kitchen, Heras said hers isn't the only family that has been separated by immigration enforcement. She said the father of a girl at Kevin’s school is also being detained in that same Richmond jail.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“It’s sad,\" Heras said. \"When you go through something like this, you don’t want other people to have to go through it.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But taking care of the children got easier after Maguiber came home.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"He can watch two, and I can watch two,\" she said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Also, \"Kevin’s getting out more now. That was a little hard for me when I was alone.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Since Maguiber returned, Kevin's legs have gotten stronger. Kevin was able to get to more physical therapy, and he used his walker more often.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Sometimes he takes us to the park or to the store or to walk for a little bit,\" Kevin said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Maguiber passed the sleeping baby to his wife and accepted a large plastic piggy bank from Gabriela, who needed help to open it. Detention hurts children, he said, but that gets lost in the fight over immigration.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“There are a lot of children living without their dad or their mom, because they’re deporting a lot of people\" he said. \"It’s painful, because your child isn’t to blame for any of it. It’s not their fault that you don’t have papers.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Maguiber still faces the threat of deportation, but his lawyer says immigration courts are so backed up that he probably won’t get a final hearing on his case for two to three years.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Judge Burch warned Maguiber that any criminal convictions would violate the conditions of his bail and could land him back in jail.\u003c/p>\n\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>",
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"disqusTitle": "ICE Arrests Cambodians Who Have Deportation Orders",
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"content": "\u003cp>Immigration officials have been arresting Cambodian nationals in California in recent weeks as the Trump administration moves to send back those with deportation orders.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>As many as 100 Cambodians nationwide may have been detained, according to community advocates, some in the Long Beach area where the immigrants have settled as part of a tight community and busy business district.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Last Friday, Posda Tuot said he took his cousin, Nak Kim Chhouen, to his scheduled check-in with immigration officials. Chhouen, known by friends and family as Rickie, had been attending the appointments for years but this time, things were different.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"I dropped him off at the federal building Friday morning, and he just never walked out,” Tuot said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Chhouen, a 42-year-old refugee who lives in Long Beach, was detained by immigration officials. Now he's in a local detention center awaiting deportation. \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[contextly_sidebar id=\"6b0BYBPlQN1uRw4fZUPK5x78zEeBBpgq\"]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Immigration officials said Chhouen was ordered deported in 2001 after a criminal conviction, which officials only described as an \"aggravated felony, among other convictions, in 1999.\" He remained in the U.S. on supervised release, which allowed him to live and work here legally so long as he checked in.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Officials said Chhouen's arrest is part of an ongoing effort to repatriate Cambodian nationals with deportation orders. Last month, the Trump administration \u003ca href=\"https://www.dhs.gov/news/2017/09/13/dhs-announces-implementation-visa-sanctions-four-countries\" rel=\"noopener\" target=\"_blank\">imposed visa sanctions\u003c/a> on Cambodia and three other countries for not accepting deportees.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“The United States continues to work with the Government of Cambodia to establish a reliable processes for the issuance of travel documents and their acceptance of the prompt, lawful return of Cambodian nationals who are subject to removal from the United States,\" ICE spokeswoman Lauren Mack said in an email.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>According to his family, Chhouen arrived in the United States when he was a child, and is unfamiliar with Cambodia.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>ICE would not confirm how many Cambodians have been arrested in recent weeks, but community groups say there are many.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“There has been a lot of fear in the community because there have been so many people rounded up, over a hundred,\" said Katrina Dizon, immigration policy manager with the Southeast Asia Resource Action Center, an advocacy group with offices in Sacramento and Washington, D.C.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Dizon said her group has fielded calls over a couple of weeks about Cambodian immigrants arrested nationwide, mostly in California. \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"I have folks from Fresno, Monterey Park, Anaheim, Stockton, Orange, Long Beach, Oakland,\" Dizon said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[contextly_sidebar id=\"A7tF1jOimRgHQZpJoTOoOqlQiHIJKvgu\"]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Davisna Oum with United Cambodian Community of Long Beach, a community group in the city's Cambodia Town neighborhood, said his group has also received calls from family members about arrests of relatives over the past two weeks.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In a letter this week, Los Angeles County Supervisor Janice Hahn urged U.S. Department of Homeland Security officials to not use the arrested immigrants as \"bargaining chips\" in negotiations with the Cambodian government.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Cambodia has long been considered among so-called \u003ca href=\"https://oversight.house.gov/hearing/recalcitrant-countries-denying-visas-to-countries-that-refuse-to-take-back-their-deported-nationals/\" rel=\"noopener\" target=\"_blank\">\"recalcitrant\" nations\u003c/a> that do not fully cooperate with U.S. officials in accepting back deported nationals. While Cambodians have been deported over the years, U.S. officials have had problems getting that country's officials to issue travel documents, which are needed to repatriate deportees.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In September, the Trump administration announced visa sanctions against Cambodia, Eritra, Guinea, and Sierra Leone \"due to lack of cooperation in accepting their nationals ordered removed from the United States.\" Temporary visitor visas for traveling Cambodians were discontinued as a result. \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>ICE spokeswoman Mack said the U.S. has more than 500 travel document requests pending with the Cambodian government, some dating back nearly a decade. She said there are more than 1,900 Cambodian nationals in the U.S. who have final deportation orders, and that the majority of these have criminal convictions.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Tuot said that his cousin, Chhouen, served his time many years ago but has led a stable life since then, working for a telephone company and staying out of trouble.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"He's been a changed man since he came out, trying to stay positive, trying to keep his life on track,\" according to Tuot.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Tuot, who lives in Philadelphia, was visiting his cousin in Long Beach last week when Chhouen was detained. He said the family has hired an attorney in hopes of keeping Chhouen in the country.\u003c/p>\n\n",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>Immigration officials have been arresting Cambodian nationals in California in recent weeks as the Trump administration moves to send back those with deportation orders.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>As many as 100 Cambodians nationwide may have been detained, according to community advocates, some in the Long Beach area where the immigrants have settled as part of a tight community and busy business district.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Last Friday, Posda Tuot said he took his cousin, Nak Kim Chhouen, to his scheduled check-in with immigration officials. Chhouen, known by friends and family as Rickie, had been attending the appointments for years but this time, things were different.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"I dropped him off at the federal building Friday morning, and he just never walked out,” Tuot said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Chhouen, a 42-year-old refugee who lives in Long Beach, was detained by immigration officials. Now he's in a local detention center awaiting deportation. \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Immigration officials said Chhouen was ordered deported in 2001 after a criminal conviction, which officials only described as an \"aggravated felony, among other convictions, in 1999.\" He remained in the U.S. on supervised release, which allowed him to live and work here legally so long as he checked in.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Officials said Chhouen's arrest is part of an ongoing effort to repatriate Cambodian nationals with deportation orders. Last month, the Trump administration \u003ca href=\"https://www.dhs.gov/news/2017/09/13/dhs-announces-implementation-visa-sanctions-four-countries\" rel=\"noopener\" target=\"_blank\">imposed visa sanctions\u003c/a> on Cambodia and three other countries for not accepting deportees.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“The United States continues to work with the Government of Cambodia to establish a reliable processes for the issuance of travel documents and their acceptance of the prompt, lawful return of Cambodian nationals who are subject to removal from the United States,\" ICE spokeswoman Lauren Mack said in an email.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>According to his family, Chhouen arrived in the United States when he was a child, and is unfamiliar with Cambodia.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>ICE would not confirm how many Cambodians have been arrested in recent weeks, but community groups say there are many.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“There has been a lot of fear in the community because there have been so many people rounded up, over a hundred,\" said Katrina Dizon, immigration policy manager with the Southeast Asia Resource Action Center, an advocacy group with offices in Sacramento and Washington, D.C.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Dizon said her group has fielded calls over a couple of weeks about Cambodian immigrants arrested nationwide, mostly in California. \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"I have folks from Fresno, Monterey Park, Anaheim, Stockton, Orange, Long Beach, Oakland,\" Dizon said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Davisna Oum with United Cambodian Community of Long Beach, a community group in the city's Cambodia Town neighborhood, said his group has also received calls from family members about arrests of relatives over the past two weeks.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In a letter this week, Los Angeles County Supervisor Janice Hahn urged U.S. Department of Homeland Security officials to not use the arrested immigrants as \"bargaining chips\" in negotiations with the Cambodian government.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Cambodia has long been considered among so-called \u003ca href=\"https://oversight.house.gov/hearing/recalcitrant-countries-denying-visas-to-countries-that-refuse-to-take-back-their-deported-nationals/\" rel=\"noopener\" target=\"_blank\">\"recalcitrant\" nations\u003c/a> that do not fully cooperate with U.S. officials in accepting back deported nationals. While Cambodians have been deported over the years, U.S. officials have had problems getting that country's officials to issue travel documents, which are needed to repatriate deportees.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In September, the Trump administration announced visa sanctions against Cambodia, Eritra, Guinea, and Sierra Leone \"due to lack of cooperation in accepting their nationals ordered removed from the United States.\" Temporary visitor visas for traveling Cambodians were discontinued as a result. \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>ICE spokeswoman Mack said the U.S. has more than 500 travel document requests pending with the Cambodian government, some dating back nearly a decade. She said there are more than 1,900 Cambodian nationals in the U.S. who have final deportation orders, and that the majority of these have criminal convictions.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Tuot said that his cousin, Chhouen, served his time many years ago but has led a stable life since then, working for a telephone company and staying out of trouble.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"He's been a changed man since he came out, trying to stay positive, trying to keep his life on track,\" according to Tuot.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Tuot, who lives in Philadelphia, was visiting his cousin in Long Beach last week when Chhouen was detained. He said the family has hired an attorney in hopes of keeping Chhouen in the country.\u003c/p>\n\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>",
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"id": "baycurious",
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"tagline": "Exploring the Bay Area, one question at a time",
"info": "KQED’s new podcast, Bay Curious, gets to the bottom of the mysteries — both profound and peculiar — that give the Bay Area its unique identity. And we’ll do it with your help! You ask the questions. You decide what Bay Curious investigates. And you join us on the journey to find the answers.",
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},
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},
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"info": "KQED’s statewide radio news program providing daily coverage of issues, trends and public policy decisions.",
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"order": 8
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"tagline": "Your state, your stories",
"info": "Every week, The California Report Magazine takes you on a road trip for the ears: to visit the places and meet the people who make California unique. The in-depth storytelling podcast from the California Report.",
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"source": "City Arts & Lectures"
},
"link": "https://www.cityarts.net",
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"order": 1
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"title": "Code Switch / Life Kit",
"info": "\u003cem>Code Switch\u003c/em>, which listeners will hear in the first part of the hour, has fearless and much-needed conversations about race. Hosted by journalists of color, the show tackles the subject of race head-on, exploring how it impacts every part of society — from politics and pop culture to history, sports and more.\u003cbr />\u003cbr />\u003cem>Life Kit\u003c/em>, which will be in the second part of the hour, guides you through spaces and feelings no one prepares you for — from finances to mental health, from workplace microaggressions to imposter syndrome, from relationships to parenting. The show features experts with real world experience and shares their knowledge. Because everyone needs a little help being human.\u003cbr />\u003cbr />\u003ca href=\"https://www.npr.org/podcasts/510312/codeswitch\">\u003cem>Code Switch\u003c/em> offical site and podcast\u003c/a>\u003cbr />\u003ca href=\"https://www.npr.org/lifekit\">\u003cem>Life Kit\u003c/em> offical site and podcast\u003c/a>\u003cbr />",
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"id": "commonwealth-club",
"title": "Commonwealth Club of California Podcast",
"info": "The Commonwealth Club of California is the nation's oldest and largest public affairs forum. As a non-partisan forum, The Club brings to the public airwaves diverse viewpoints on important topics. The Club's weekly radio broadcast - the oldest in the U.S., dating back to 1924 - is carried across the nation on public radio stations and is now podcasting. Our website archive features audio of our recent programs, as well as selected speeches from our long and distinguished history. This podcast feed is usually updated twice a week and is always un-edited.",
"airtime": "THU 10pm, FRI 1am",
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"source": "Commonwealth Club of California"
},
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"title": "Forum",
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"info": "KQED’s live call-in program discussing local, state, national and international issues, as well as in-depth interviews.",
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"imageSrc": "https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/04/Forum-Podcast-Tile-703x703-1.jpg",
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"order": 9
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"meta": {
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"source": "WNYC"
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"id": "fresh-air",
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"info": "A live production of NPR and WBUR Boston, in collaboration with stations across the country, Here & Now reflects the fluid world of news as it's happening in the middle of the day, with timely, in-depth news, interviews and conversation. Hosted by Robin Young, Jeremy Hobson and Tonya Mosley.",
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"hidden-brain": {
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"info": "Shankar Vedantam uses science and storytelling to reveal the unconscious patterns that drive human behavior, shape our choices and direct our relationships.",
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"airtime": "SUN 7pm-8pm",
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"source": "NPR"
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"how-i-built-this": {
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"info": "Guy Raz dives into the stories behind some of the world's best known companies. How I Built This weaves a narrative journey about innovators, entrepreneurs and idealists—and the movements they built.",
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"airtime": "SUN 7:30pm-8pm",
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"hyphenacion": {
"id": "hyphenacion",
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"tagline": "Where conversation and cultura meet",
"info": "What kind of no sabo word is Hyphenación? For us, it’s about living within a hyphenation. Like being a third-gen Mexican-American from the Texas border now living that Bay Area Chicano life. Like Xorje! Each week we bring together a couple of hyphenated Latinos to talk all about personal life choices: family, careers, relationships, belonging … everything is on the table. ",
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"jerrybrown": {
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"title": "The Political Mind of Jerry Brown",
"tagline": "Lessons from a lifetime in politics",
"info": "The Political Mind of Jerry Brown brings listeners the wisdom of the former Governor, Mayor, and presidential candidate. Scott Shafer interviewed Brown for more than 40 hours, covering the former governor's life and half-century in the political game – and Brown has some lessons he'd like to share. ",
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"order": 18
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},
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"id": "latino-usa",
"title": "Latino USA",
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"info": "Latino USA, the radio journal of news and culture, is the only national, English-language radio program produced from a Latino perspective.",
"imageSrc": "https://ww2.kqed.org/radio/wp-content/uploads/sites/50/2018/04/latinoUsa.jpg",
"officialWebsiteLink": "http://latinousa.org/",
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},
"link": "/radio/program/latino-usa",
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"apple": "https://itunes.apple.com/WebObjects/MZStore.woa/wa/viewPodcast?s=143441&mt=2&id=79681317&at=11l79Y&ct=nprdirectory",
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"rss": "https://feeds.npr.org/510016/podcast.xml"
}
},
"marketplace": {
"id": "marketplace",
"title": "Marketplace",
"info": "Our flagship program, helmed by Kai Ryssdal, examines what the day in money delivered, through stories, conversations, newsworthy numbers and more. Updated Monday through Friday at about 3:30 p.m. PT.",
"airtime": "MON-FRI 4pm-4:30pm, MON-WED 6:30pm-7pm",
"imageSrc": "https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/04/Marketplace-Podcast-Tile-360x360-1.jpg",
"officialWebsiteLink": "https://www.marketplace.org/",
"meta": {
"site": "news",
"source": "American Public Media"
},
"link": "/radio/program/marketplace",
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"rss": "https://feeds.publicradio.org/public_feeds/marketplace-pm/rss/rss"
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},
"masters-of-scale": {
"id": "masters-of-scale",
"title": "Masters of Scale",
"info": "Masters of Scale is an original podcast in which LinkedIn co-founder and Greylock Partner Reid Hoffman sets out to describe and prove theories that explain how great entrepreneurs take their companies from zero to a gazillion in ingenious fashion.",
"airtime": "Every other Wednesday June 12 through October 16 at 8pm (repeats Thursdays at 2am)",
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"officialWebsiteLink": "https://mastersofscale.com/",
"meta": {
"site": "radio",
"source": "WaitWhat"
},
"link": "/radio/program/masters-of-scale",
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"rss": "https://rss.art19.com/masters-of-scale"
}
},
"mindshift": {
"id": "mindshift",
"title": "MindShift",
"tagline": "A podcast about the future of learning and how we raise our kids",
"info": "The MindShift podcast explores the innovations in education that are shaping how kids learn. Hosts Ki Sung and Katrina Schwartz introduce listeners to educators, researchers, parents and students who are developing effective ways to improve how kids learn. We cover topics like how fed-up administrators are developing surprising tactics to deal with classroom disruptions; how listening to podcasts are helping kids develop reading skills; the consequences of overparenting; and why interdisciplinary learning can engage students on all ends of the traditional achievement spectrum. This podcast is part of the MindShift education site, a division of KQED News. KQED is an NPR/PBS member station based in San Francisco. You can also visit the MindShift website for episodes and supplemental blog posts or tweet us \u003ca href=\"https://twitter.com/MindShiftKQED\">@MindShiftKQED\u003c/a> or visit us at \u003ca href=\"/mindshift\">MindShift.KQED.org\u003c/a>",
"imageSrc": "https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/04/Mindshift-Podcast-Tile-703x703-1.jpg",
"imageAlt": "KQED MindShift: How We Will Learn",
"officialWebsiteLink": "/mindshift/",
"meta": {
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"source": "kqed",
"order": 12
},
"link": "/podcasts/mindshift",
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