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"content": "\u003cp>The legal fight over the controversial citizenship question on the 2020 census is likely to continue at San Francisco federal court.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"I believe the case will proceed,\" U.S. District Judge Richard Seeborg said Friday during a hearing on whether to dismiss two of the lawsuits against the Census Bureau and the Commerce Department, which oversees the census.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Seeborg did not issue a formal ruling from the bench, but he pushed back on many of the Justice Department attorneys' arguments in support of Commerce Secretary Wilbur Ross' decision to add a question about U.S. citizenship status — a topic the Census Bureau has not asked all U.S. households for the national head count since 1950.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"They're saying effectively this is a poison pill to the count for the purposes of depressing the count,\" Seeborg said in summing up the plaintiffs' position.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>If Seeborg allows these two lawsuits to move forward, a potential trial could start on Jan. 7.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The Trump administration is fighting a total of six lawsuits from dozens of states, cities and other groups that want the question removed from forms for the 2020 census.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Ross has said he approved the question because the Justice Department needs responses from it to better enforce the Voting Rights Act's provisions against racial discrimination.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>California Attorney General Xavier Becerra filed the first lawsuit, on behalf of the state of California, after Ross announced the addition of the citizenship question in March.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The city and county of Los Angeles, plus four other cities in California, later joined that case at the U.S. District Court for the Northern District of California. The city of San Jose, Calif., and the Black Alliance for Just Immigration, a California-based immigrant-rights group led by Black Lives Matter co-founder Opal Tometi, have filed a separate legal challenge.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Last month, \u003ca href=\"https://www.npr.org/2018/07/26/629773825/multi-state-lawsuit-against-census-citizenship-question-to-move-ahead\" rel=\"noopener\" target=\"_blank\">a judge in New York ruled\u003c/a> that two cases at Manhattan federal court may head to a potential trial beginning as early as late October.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>A federal judge in Maryland is expected to rule soon on whether to dismiss another lawsuit over the citizenship question brought by a group of residents from that state and from Arizona.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>All of these plaintiffs argue that the citizenship question could reduce federal funding to their local schools, highways and other public institutions and services that rely on dollars distributed on the basis of the population count. They cite Census Bureau research that suggests asking about citizenship status will discourage noncitizens from participating in the constitutionally mandated head count of every person living in the U.S.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Aside from federal funding, the population counts from the 2020 census impact how congressional seats and Electoral College electors are redistributed among states every 10 years.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"https://www.npr.org/2018/07/30/632847876/i-will-call-the-ag-trump-officials-pushed-for-census-citizenship-question\" rel=\"noopener\" target=\"_blank\">Internal documents released\u003c/a> as part of the lawsuits contradict Ross' testimony during congressional hearings about the events leading up to his decision to add the citizenship question.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Ross has told lawmakers that his decision \u003ca href=\"https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=NDWiAiSWgNU&feature=youtu.be&t=36m25s\" rel=\"noopener\" target=\"_blank\">was \"solely\" in response to the Justice Department\u003c/a>. The commerce secretary testified that the Justice Department \u003ca href=\"https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=vylt-NTsT8I&feature=youtu.be&t=1h27m37s\" rel=\"noopener\" target=\"_blank\">\"initiated\" the request for a citizenship question\u003c/a> to better enforce Section 2 of the Voting Rights Act.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But Commerce Department emails and memos filed in court lawsuits contradict that narrative. They show that Ross and his staff contacted the Justice Department about adding a question months before the department submitted its request to the Census Bureau in December 2017.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"https://apps.npr.org/documents/document.html?id=4500011-1-18-Cv-02921-Administrative-Record#document/p775/a428456\" rel=\"noopener\" target=\"_blank\">In one email, \u003c/a>Kris Kobach, the Kansas secretary of state who once helped lead President Trump's now-disbanded commission on voter fraud, contacted the commerce secretary about adding a citizenship question \"at the direction of Steve Bannon,\" the former White House strategist.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/author/mwiley\" rel=\"noopener\" target=\"_blank\">\u003cem>KQED reporter\u003c/em> \u003cem>Michelle Wiley\u003c/em>\u003c/a>\u003cem> contributed to this report from San Francisco.\u003c/em> \u003c/p>\n\u003cdiv class=\"fullattribution\">Copyright 2018 NPR. To see more, visit http://www.npr.org/.\u003cimg src=\"https://www.google-analytics.com/__utm.gif?utmac=UA-5828686-4&utmdt=Census+Citizenship+Question+Lawsuits+In+California+Likely+To+Proceed%2C+Judge+Says&utme=8(APIKey)9(MDAxOTAwOTE4MDEyMTkxMDAzNjczZDljZA004)\">\u003c/div>\n\n",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The Trump administration is fighting a total of six lawsuits from dozens of states, cities and other groups that want the question removed from forms for the 2020 census.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Ross has said he approved the question because the Justice Department needs responses from it to better enforce the Voting Rights Act's provisions against racial discrimination.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>California Attorney General Xavier Becerra filed the first lawsuit, on behalf of the state of California, after Ross announced the addition of the citizenship question in March.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The city and county of Los Angeles, plus four other cities in California, later joined that case at the U.S. District Court for the Northern District of California. The city of San Jose, Calif., and the Black Alliance for Just Immigration, a California-based immigrant-rights group led by Black Lives Matter co-founder Opal Tometi, have filed a separate legal challenge.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Last month, \u003ca href=\"https://www.npr.org/2018/07/26/629773825/multi-state-lawsuit-against-census-citizenship-question-to-move-ahead\" rel=\"noopener\" target=\"_blank\">a judge in New York ruled\u003c/a> that two cases at Manhattan federal court may head to a potential trial beginning as early as late October.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>A federal judge in Maryland is expected to rule soon on whether to dismiss another lawsuit over the citizenship question brought by a group of residents from that state and from Arizona.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>All of these plaintiffs argue that the citizenship question could reduce federal funding to their local schools, highways and other public institutions and services that rely on dollars distributed on the basis of the population count. They cite Census Bureau research that suggests asking about citizenship status will discourage noncitizens from participating in the constitutionally mandated head count of every person living in the U.S.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Aside from federal funding, the population counts from the 2020 census impact how congressional seats and Electoral College electors are redistributed among states every 10 years.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"https://www.npr.org/2018/07/30/632847876/i-will-call-the-ag-trump-officials-pushed-for-census-citizenship-question\" rel=\"noopener\" target=\"_blank\">Internal documents released\u003c/a> as part of the lawsuits contradict Ross' testimony during congressional hearings about the events leading up to his decision to add the citizenship question.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Ross has told lawmakers that his decision \u003ca href=\"https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=NDWiAiSWgNU&feature=youtu.be&t=36m25s\" rel=\"noopener\" target=\"_blank\">was \"solely\" in response to the Justice Department\u003c/a>. The commerce secretary testified that the Justice Department \u003ca href=\"https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=vylt-NTsT8I&feature=youtu.be&t=1h27m37s\" rel=\"noopener\" target=\"_blank\">\"initiated\" the request for a citizenship question\u003c/a> to better enforce Section 2 of the Voting Rights Act.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But Commerce Department emails and memos filed in court lawsuits contradict that narrative. They show that Ross and his staff contacted the Justice Department about adding a question months before the department submitted its request to the Census Bureau in December 2017.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"https://apps.npr.org/documents/document.html?id=4500011-1-18-Cv-02921-Administrative-Record#document/p775/a428456\" rel=\"noopener\" target=\"_blank\">In one email, \u003c/a>Kris Kobach, the Kansas secretary of state who once helped lead President Trump's now-disbanded commission on voter fraud, contacted the commerce secretary about adding a citizenship question \"at the direction of Steve Bannon,\" the former White House strategist.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/author/mwiley\" rel=\"noopener\" target=\"_blank\">\u003cem>KQED reporter\u003c/em> \u003cem>Michelle Wiley\u003c/em>\u003c/a>\u003cem> contributed to this report from San Francisco.\u003c/em> \u003c/p>\n\u003cdiv class=\"fullattribution\">Copyright 2018 NPR. To see more, visit http://www.npr.org/.\u003cimg src=\"https://www.google-analytics.com/__utm.gif?utmac=UA-5828686-4&utmdt=Census+Citizenship+Question+Lawsuits+In+California+Likely+To+Proceed%2C+Judge+Says&utme=8(APIKey)9(MDAxOTAwOTE4MDEyMTkxMDAzNjczZDljZA004)\">\u003c/div>\n\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>",
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"disqusTitle": "A 'Lost Boy of Sudan' Looks Back at How Civil War Tore Him From His Mother",
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"content": "\u003cp>As a child, David Ayual Mayom had a lot of responsibility and autonomy. He grew up in what's now South Sudan and is a member of the Dinka tribe. People in his village subsisted on raising cattle and farming mostly grains.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>He'd spend half the year taking his family's cattle out to graze and find water with other boys his age. Sometimes they'd spend the night in what they call the bush -- the forest.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>He loved it.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>While out in the bush, the boys would play games and hunt. They honed their spearing skills, pursuing small gazelles or birds and then dividing up the meat. Mayom loved bringing the food home to his mother in their adobe house.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>He remembered her praising him, saying, \"You're going to be a leader: You are strong, you are dominant.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>His family and culture held up these values, but they were particularly relevant at the time. Mayom -- who is 39 now and lives in San Jose -- was raised in the 1980s, when what was then Sudan was in the midst of its second civil war.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>For most of his childhood, Mayom's father was away from home fighting with the Sudan People's Liberation Army (SPLA) against the government's Sudanese Armed Forces.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Mayom was largely sheltered from the civil war in his youth, until one day in 1987, when he would have to make a painful choice: stay at home with his mother and almost surely be killed, or set out on foot with thousands of other young boys in search of safety.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>That day was the first Mayom could hear fighting in a nearby village.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"The sound of the gun. We’re seeing the smoke, houses were being set on fire,\" David said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Mayom was 8 years old and his brother was 10. They were preparing to take their cattle out when a group of soldiers approached them. They were from the SPLA, the army for which Mayom's father fought. The men wore camouflaged clothes and carried AK-47s.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"They definitely looked stressed and said that the enemy is coming. 'If you don’t come with us now, you will be killed,'\" Mayom recalled them saying.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The Sudanese Armed Forces had a strategy of killing Dinka boys who they believed would later become rebel soldiers. Mayom said the government's army largely targeted boys between 6 and 14 years old.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Mayom could hear women wailing in the nearby village, crying out for what he assumed were their young sons — already killed.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>David and his brother knew they could be next and decided to leave with the SPLA soldiers, who said they would help them flee to safety. Before leaving their village, the brothers sped home to say goodbye to their mother.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"My mom said, 'OK.' There was no arguing because my mom already knew the situation,\" Mayom said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>He hugged her tightly and quickly. He didn't know if he would ever see her again.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"My mom did not want to let go,\" he said. \"My mom was shedding tears and looking down. She didn’t know what would happen to us, where we are being taken.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Mayom and his brother were being taken to Ethiopia. They hurried out of their village on foot. Mayom had nothing but the yellow shorts he was wearing, and his brother carried a small backpack. They were two of about 5,000 young boys who would later become known as \u003ca href=\"https://www.rescue.org/article/lost-boys-sudan\">The Lost Boys of Sudan\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Eventually, that number would swell to more than 20,000.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"It was scary because you were going to an unknown place. And it started getting really tough from the beginning,\" Mayom said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The group walked longer distances than the boys had ever traveled with their cattle. They trekked in two parallel lines on a journey that would end up taking a month and a half.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Again and again, Mayom would have the same desire to go back home, but he didn’t know if that home still existed, or how his family back in the village was even doing. He wondered if they were alive. He wondered if \u003cem>he\u003c/em> would survive long enough to see them again.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"You start getting terrified like, am I going to die? Will we all die?\" David said. \"You start living hoping to see the next day.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The hardships mounted. There was no water and the group drank from muddy puddles. Sometimes they even drank their own urine. There was no food so they foraged in the forest. They faced hungry, wild animals.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Mayom says the younger boys like him were most likely to die. He thinks 15 percent of boys perished on just this part of their journey. He was determined not to be one of them.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"The only thing that kept us going is just when you see other boys,\" he said. \"You don’t feel like you’re going through this by yourself. You stay determined. 'If that guy can do it, why not me?'\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Finally, the group crossed the border into Ethiopia and found themselves in a forest. There were no tents, no homes and no international aid workers.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"It was a bush,\" David said. \"They told us: 'Now you need to make your shelter out of this place.' \"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Over time, that forest became a refugee camp where Mayom spent three years. When Ethiopia fell into its own civil strife, the refugees who'd gathered in the camp were kicked out. The group walked again, this time to a Kenyan refugee camp. The journey was longer, but this time they had support from the United Nations.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>As time passed, Mayom and his brother spent more years living as refugees than in their home village. He often wondered what happened to the rest of their family.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>When David was 17 years old, a rumor spread through the camp that new people had arrived from villages near where he grew up.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"I was excited,\" he said. \"I was hoping that my mom would be one of the people.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>He searched among the camp newcomers. After a few months, he met a woman who said she knew his mother and could take him to her.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>He followed her until she disappeared into a thatch-roofed home. Moments later, his mother — wearing a colorful dress, her hair in braids — hurried out.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"She came running. Then when she got close to me, she stood still,\" he recalled.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Mayom watched as his mother searched his features for traces of the 8-year-old boy she said goodbye to nearly a decade before, the boy she named Ayual, who took the name David in the camp.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The woman who brought Mayom to his mother told her that this young man was in fact her son.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"Really?\" Mayom's mother asked.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>He replied, \"This is me, Ayual.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>They embraced tightly, like they had years ago when Mayom and his brother fled their village. Mayom's mother had tears in her eyes once again. Both Mayom and his brother, now 17 and 19, quickly moved in with their mother in the refugee camp.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"It took time for me to get used to that moment of being together again,\" Mayom said. He was afraid it was all temporary.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"You feel that you have to maximize that opportunity,\" he said. \"Or maybe she will not be there the next day.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But she was.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11686075\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 800px\">\u003cimg class=\"wp-image-11686075 size-medium\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2018/08/IMG_9275-800x600.jpg\" alt=\"David Ayual Mayom (second from left) with his family in Kakuma Refugee Camp in Kenya in 2000.\" width=\"800\" height=\"600\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2018/08/IMG_9275-800x600.jpg 800w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2018/08/IMG_9275-160x120.jpg 160w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2018/08/IMG_9275-1020x765.jpg 1020w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2018/08/IMG_9275-1200x900.jpg 1200w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2018/08/IMG_9275-1920x1440.jpg 1920w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2018/08/IMG_9275-1180x885.jpg 1180w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2018/08/IMG_9275-960x720.jpg 960w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2018/08/IMG_9275-240x180.jpg 240w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2018/08/IMG_9275-375x281.jpg 375w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2018/08/IMG_9275-520x390.jpg 520w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">David Ayual Mayom (second from left) with his family in Kakuma Refugee Camp in Kenya in 2000. \u003ccite>(Courtesy David Ayual Mayom)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Amazingly, Mayom's entire family ended up in the refugee camp together: Mayom, his brother, and their five younger siblings. His father, who fought with the SPLA for years, also survived and had made his way to the camp as well.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Ultimately, Mayom and his younger brother came to the U.S. in 2000 as refugees to study. His older brother stayed in Kenya to help care for the family. This time, the family separation was by choice, and they bridged it with phone calls and visits.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>As Mayom delved into his studies, he initially struggled to concentrate. He’d have flashbacks of relentless thirst, and of being a child wandering for years without his mother. Slowly, though, he learned to focus.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Now, Mayom has a bachelor's and a master's degree in economics. He’s applying for Ph.D. programs. He founded and runs \u003ca href=\"http://www.southsudanstem.org/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">a nonprofit to bring technology to South Sudan\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>He shares his place in San Jose with three other men from South Sudan — they were all Lost Boys, too.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Mayom sees parallels between his experience and the separations that have happened at the U.S.-Mexico border recently. He worries that children who experience prolonged separations may struggle to focus due to flashbacks, or have other side effects. And he's mad.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"I feel really angry that something like this can be done to kids,\" he said. \"Regardless of how you see this, it should never happen. There's a better way to do it.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Despite the trauma Mayom endured, he thinks his past made him resilient.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"I tend to think the life that I had makes me stronger now,\" he said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad floatright]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Like the strong man his mother always knew he’d become.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11684685\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 800px\">\u003cimg class=\"wp-image-11684685 size-medium\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2018/08/RS32194_David2-qut-800x600.jpg\" alt='David Ayual Mayom stands outside his apartment in San Jose. \"I tend to think the life that I had makes me stronger now,\" he said about the perilous journey he walked from Sudan to Ethiopia as one of The Lost Boys of Sudan.' width=\"800\" height=\"600\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2018/08/RS32194_David2-qut-800x600.jpg 800w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2018/08/RS32194_David2-qut-160x120.jpg 160w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2018/08/RS32194_David2-qut-1020x765.jpg 1020w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2018/08/RS32194_David2-qut-1200x900.jpg 1200w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2018/08/RS32194_David2-qut.jpg 1920w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2018/08/RS32194_David2-qut-1180x885.jpg 1180w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2018/08/RS32194_David2-qut-960x720.jpg 960w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2018/08/RS32194_David2-qut-240x180.jpg 240w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2018/08/RS32194_David2-qut-375x281.jpg 375w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2018/08/RS32194_David2-qut-520x390.jpg 520w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">David Ayual Mayom stands outside his apartment in San Jose. \"I tend to think the life that I had makes me stronger now,\" he said about his perilous journey on foot from Sudan to Ethiopia as one of The Lost Boys of Sudan.\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\n",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>As a child, David Ayual Mayom had a lot of responsibility and autonomy. He grew up in what's now South Sudan and is a member of the Dinka tribe. People in his village subsisted on raising cattle and farming mostly grains.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>He'd spend half the year taking his family's cattle out to graze and find water with other boys his age. Sometimes they'd spend the night in what they call the bush -- the forest.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>He loved it.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>While out in the bush, the boys would play games and hunt. They honed their spearing skills, pursuing small gazelles or birds and then dividing up the meat. Mayom loved bringing the food home to his mother in their adobe house.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>He remembered her praising him, saying, \"You're going to be a leader: You are strong, you are dominant.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>His family and culture held up these values, but they were particularly relevant at the time. Mayom -- who is 39 now and lives in San Jose -- was raised in the 1980s, when what was then Sudan was in the midst of its second civil war.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>For most of his childhood, Mayom's father was away from home fighting with the Sudan People's Liberation Army (SPLA) against the government's Sudanese Armed Forces.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Mayom was largely sheltered from the civil war in his youth, until one day in 1987, when he would have to make a painful choice: stay at home with his mother and almost surely be killed, or set out on foot with thousands of other young boys in search of safety.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>That day was the first Mayom could hear fighting in a nearby village.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"The sound of the gun. We’re seeing the smoke, houses were being set on fire,\" David said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Mayom was 8 years old and his brother was 10. They were preparing to take their cattle out when a group of soldiers approached them. They were from the SPLA, the army for which Mayom's father fought. The men wore camouflaged clothes and carried AK-47s.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"They definitely looked stressed and said that the enemy is coming. 'If you don’t come with us now, you will be killed,'\" Mayom recalled them saying.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The Sudanese Armed Forces had a strategy of killing Dinka boys who they believed would later become rebel soldiers. Mayom said the government's army largely targeted boys between 6 and 14 years old.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Mayom could hear women wailing in the nearby village, crying out for what he assumed were their young sons — already killed.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>David and his brother knew they could be next and decided to leave with the SPLA soldiers, who said they would help them flee to safety. Before leaving their village, the brothers sped home to say goodbye to their mother.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"My mom said, 'OK.' There was no arguing because my mom already knew the situation,\" Mayom said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>He hugged her tightly and quickly. He didn't know if he would ever see her again.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"My mom did not want to let go,\" he said. \"My mom was shedding tears and looking down. She didn’t know what would happen to us, where we are being taken.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Mayom and his brother were being taken to Ethiopia. They hurried out of their village on foot. Mayom had nothing but the yellow shorts he was wearing, and his brother carried a small backpack. They were two of about 5,000 young boys who would later become known as \u003ca href=\"https://www.rescue.org/article/lost-boys-sudan\">The Lost Boys of Sudan\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Eventually, that number would swell to more than 20,000.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"It was scary because you were going to an unknown place. And it started getting really tough from the beginning,\" Mayom said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The group walked longer distances than the boys had ever traveled with their cattle. They trekked in two parallel lines on a journey that would end up taking a month and a half.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Again and again, Mayom would have the same desire to go back home, but he didn’t know if that home still existed, or how his family back in the village was even doing. He wondered if they were alive. He wondered if \u003cem>he\u003c/em> would survive long enough to see them again.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"You start getting terrified like, am I going to die? Will we all die?\" David said. \"You start living hoping to see the next day.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The hardships mounted. There was no water and the group drank from muddy puddles. Sometimes they even drank their own urine. There was no food so they foraged in the forest. They faced hungry, wild animals.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Mayom says the younger boys like him were most likely to die. He thinks 15 percent of boys perished on just this part of their journey. He was determined not to be one of them.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"The only thing that kept us going is just when you see other boys,\" he said. \"You don’t feel like you’re going through this by yourself. You stay determined. 'If that guy can do it, why not me?'\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Finally, the group crossed the border into Ethiopia and found themselves in a forest. There were no tents, no homes and no international aid workers.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"It was a bush,\" David said. \"They told us: 'Now you need to make your shelter out of this place.' \"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Over time, that forest became a refugee camp where Mayom spent three years. When Ethiopia fell into its own civil strife, the refugees who'd gathered in the camp were kicked out. The group walked again, this time to a Kenyan refugee camp. The journey was longer, but this time they had support from the United Nations.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>As time passed, Mayom and his brother spent more years living as refugees than in their home village. He often wondered what happened to the rest of their family.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>When David was 17 years old, a rumor spread through the camp that new people had arrived from villages near where he grew up.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"I was excited,\" he said. \"I was hoping that my mom would be one of the people.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>He searched among the camp newcomers. After a few months, he met a woman who said she knew his mother and could take him to her.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>He followed her until she disappeared into a thatch-roofed home. Moments later, his mother — wearing a colorful dress, her hair in braids — hurried out.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"She came running. Then when she got close to me, she stood still,\" he recalled.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Mayom watched as his mother searched his features for traces of the 8-year-old boy she said goodbye to nearly a decade before, the boy she named Ayual, who took the name David in the camp.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The woman who brought Mayom to his mother told her that this young man was in fact her son.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"Really?\" Mayom's mother asked.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>He replied, \"This is me, Ayual.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>They embraced tightly, like they had years ago when Mayom and his brother fled their village. Mayom's mother had tears in her eyes once again. Both Mayom and his brother, now 17 and 19, quickly moved in with their mother in the refugee camp.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"It took time for me to get used to that moment of being together again,\" Mayom said. He was afraid it was all temporary.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"You feel that you have to maximize that opportunity,\" he said. \"Or maybe she will not be there the next day.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But she was.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11686075\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 800px\">\u003cimg class=\"wp-image-11686075 size-medium\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2018/08/IMG_9275-800x600.jpg\" alt=\"David Ayual Mayom (second from left) with his family in Kakuma Refugee Camp in Kenya in 2000.\" width=\"800\" height=\"600\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2018/08/IMG_9275-800x600.jpg 800w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2018/08/IMG_9275-160x120.jpg 160w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2018/08/IMG_9275-1020x765.jpg 1020w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2018/08/IMG_9275-1200x900.jpg 1200w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2018/08/IMG_9275-1920x1440.jpg 1920w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2018/08/IMG_9275-1180x885.jpg 1180w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2018/08/IMG_9275-960x720.jpg 960w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2018/08/IMG_9275-240x180.jpg 240w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2018/08/IMG_9275-375x281.jpg 375w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2018/08/IMG_9275-520x390.jpg 520w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">David Ayual Mayom (second from left) with his family in Kakuma Refugee Camp in Kenya in 2000. \u003ccite>(Courtesy David Ayual Mayom)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Amazingly, Mayom's entire family ended up in the refugee camp together: Mayom, his brother, and their five younger siblings. His father, who fought with the SPLA for years, also survived and had made his way to the camp as well.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Ultimately, Mayom and his younger brother came to the U.S. in 2000 as refugees to study. His older brother stayed in Kenya to help care for the family. This time, the family separation was by choice, and they bridged it with phone calls and visits.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>As Mayom delved into his studies, he initially struggled to concentrate. He’d have flashbacks of relentless thirst, and of being a child wandering for years without his mother. Slowly, though, he learned to focus.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Now, Mayom has a bachelor's and a master's degree in economics. He’s applying for Ph.D. programs. He founded and runs \u003ca href=\"http://www.southsudanstem.org/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">a nonprofit to bring technology to South Sudan\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>He shares his place in San Jose with three other men from South Sudan — they were all Lost Boys, too.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Mayom sees parallels between his experience and the separations that have happened at the U.S.-Mexico border recently. He worries that children who experience prolonged separations may struggle to focus due to flashbacks, or have other side effects. And he's mad.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"I feel really angry that something like this can be done to kids,\" he said. \"Regardless of how you see this, it should never happen. There's a better way to do it.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Despite the trauma Mayom endured, he thinks his past made him resilient.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"I tend to think the life that I had makes me stronger now,\" he said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Like the strong man his mother always knew he’d become.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11684685\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 800px\">\u003cimg class=\"wp-image-11684685 size-medium\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2018/08/RS32194_David2-qut-800x600.jpg\" alt='David Ayual Mayom stands outside his apartment in San Jose. \"I tend to think the life that I had makes me stronger now,\" he said about the perilous journey he walked from Sudan to Ethiopia as one of The Lost Boys of Sudan.' width=\"800\" height=\"600\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2018/08/RS32194_David2-qut-800x600.jpg 800w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2018/08/RS32194_David2-qut-160x120.jpg 160w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2018/08/RS32194_David2-qut-1020x765.jpg 1020w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2018/08/RS32194_David2-qut-1200x900.jpg 1200w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2018/08/RS32194_David2-qut.jpg 1920w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2018/08/RS32194_David2-qut-1180x885.jpg 1180w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2018/08/RS32194_David2-qut-960x720.jpg 960w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2018/08/RS32194_David2-qut-240x180.jpg 240w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2018/08/RS32194_David2-qut-375x281.jpg 375w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2018/08/RS32194_David2-qut-520x390.jpg 520w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">David Ayual Mayom stands outside his apartment in San Jose. \"I tend to think the life that I had makes me stronger now,\" he said about his perilous journey on foot from Sudan to Ethiopia as one of The Lost Boys of Sudan.\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>",
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"content": "\u003ch2>8th Person Dies in Connection With Carr Fire\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>An eighth person died Thursday in connection with the massive Carr Fire. Andrew Brake, 40, was a heavy equipment mechanic for Cal Fire. He was killed in a traffic collision while driving a Cal Fire pickup truck on a state highway.\u003c/p>\n\u003ch2>\u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/news/11686087/lawmakers-weigh-governors-controversial-proposal-to-limit-utility-liability-in-wildfires\">Lawmakers Weigh Governor's Controversial Proposal to Limit Utility Liability in Wildfires\u003c/a>\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>As 17 fires burn across the state, California’s Legislature is grappling with what it should do to help residents cope with blazes. The most controversial question facing the state is deciding who should pay when power lines touch off destructive blazes.\u003cbr>\n\u003cem>Reporter: Marisa Lagos\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\u003ch2>Hundreds of Migrant Children Still Separated From Their Families, Despite Court Order\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>Nearly 600 migrant children remain in U.S. custody, two weeks after a federal judge’s deadline to reunite nearly 3,000 of them with their parents. Reunions of these remaining families are expected to take longer because many of the parents have been deported.\u003cbr>\n\u003cem>Reporter: Julie Small\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\u003ch2>California Lawmakers Approve Audit of L.A. County Department of Children and Family Services\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>California lawmakers gave the thumbs-up to a bipartisan request for an audit of the Los Angeles County child welfare department, following the death of a 10-year-old boy. It is being reported that the boy's sexual orientation may have been an issue in his home.\u003c/p>\n\u003ch2>Immigration Judges File Grievance with U.S. Justice Department\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>This week, the National Association of Immigration Judges filed a formal grievance against the U.S. Department of Justice and Attorney General Jeff Sessions. These judges, who deal with civil immigration cases, argue that due process in America’s immigration courts is increasingly threatened by President Trump’s get-tough immigration policies.\u003cbr>\n\u003cem>Reporter: Saul Gonzalez\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\u003ch2>\u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/news/11686120/loved-ones-of-the-ghost-ships-dead-decry-plea-deal-brokered-in-their-name\">Loved Ones of the Ghost Ship's Dead Decry Plea Deal Brokered in Their Name\u003c/a>\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>Defendants in the criminal case stemming from the deadly 2016 warehouse fire in Oakland are expected to give statements Friday before they're sentenced. A judge already accepted, and helped broker, a plea deal that avoids what would be a graphic trial over the deaths of 36 people. But loved ones of the fire's victims say the deal was unjust.\u003cbr>\n\u003cem>Reporter: Alex Emslie\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\u003ch2>NASA Space Probe to the Sun Expected to Launch Saturday\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>Where Icarus failed (flying too close to the sun) NASA is hoping to succeed. The Parker Space Probe is expected to launch Saturday from the Kennedy Space Center in Florida on a mission to touch the sun.\u003cbr>\n\u003cem>Reporter: Danielle Venton\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003ch2>8th Person Dies in Connection With Carr Fire\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>An eighth person died Thursday in connection with the massive Carr Fire. Andrew Brake, 40, was a heavy equipment mechanic for Cal Fire. He was killed in a traffic collision while driving a Cal Fire pickup truck on a state highway.\u003c/p>\n\u003ch2>\u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/news/11686087/lawmakers-weigh-governors-controversial-proposal-to-limit-utility-liability-in-wildfires\">Lawmakers Weigh Governor's Controversial Proposal to Limit Utility Liability in Wildfires\u003c/a>\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>As 17 fires burn across the state, California’s Legislature is grappling with what it should do to help residents cope with blazes. The most controversial question facing the state is deciding who should pay when power lines touch off destructive blazes.\u003cbr>\n\u003cem>Reporter: Marisa Lagos\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\u003ch2>Hundreds of Migrant Children Still Separated From Their Families, Despite Court Order\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>Nearly 600 migrant children remain in U.S. custody, two weeks after a federal judge’s deadline to reunite nearly 3,000 of them with their parents. Reunions of these remaining families are expected to take longer because many of the parents have been deported.\u003cbr>\n\u003cem>Reporter: Julie Small\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\u003ch2>California Lawmakers Approve Audit of L.A. County Department of Children and Family Services\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>California lawmakers gave the thumbs-up to a bipartisan request for an audit of the Los Angeles County child welfare department, following the death of a 10-year-old boy. It is being reported that the boy's sexual orientation may have been an issue in his home.\u003c/p>\n\u003ch2>Immigration Judges File Grievance with U.S. Justice Department\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>This week, the National Association of Immigration Judges filed a formal grievance against the U.S. Department of Justice and Attorney General Jeff Sessions. These judges, who deal with civil immigration cases, argue that due process in America’s immigration courts is increasingly threatened by President Trump’s get-tough immigration policies.\u003cbr>\n\u003cem>Reporter: Saul Gonzalez\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\u003ch2>\u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/news/11686120/loved-ones-of-the-ghost-ships-dead-decry-plea-deal-brokered-in-their-name\">Loved Ones of the Ghost Ship's Dead Decry Plea Deal Brokered in Their Name\u003c/a>\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>Defendants in the criminal case stemming from the deadly 2016 warehouse fire in Oakland are expected to give statements Friday before they're sentenced. A judge already accepted, and helped broker, a plea deal that avoids what would be a graphic trial over the deaths of 36 people. But loved ones of the fire's victims say the deal was unjust.\u003cbr>\n\u003cem>Reporter: Alex Emslie\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\u003ch2>NASA Space Probe to the Sun Expected to Launch Saturday\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>Where Icarus failed (flying too close to the sun) NASA is hoping to succeed. The Parker Space Probe is expected to launch Saturday from the Kennedy Space Center in Florida on a mission to touch the sun.\u003cbr>\n\u003cem>Reporter: Danielle Venton\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"disqusTitle": "After Long-Awaited Reunion, Guatemalan Family Braces for Challenges",
"title": "After Long-Awaited Reunion, Guatemalan Family Braces for Challenges",
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"content": "\u003cp>After spending their second night at a migrant shelter in Guatemala City, Nazario and Marcela, a young Mayan couple, dressed their two small children and collected the scant belongings they had piled on the floor in plastic bags. Joined by Nazario's mother and brother, they set out Wednesday morning. This was they day they would return to their village, nine hours away in Guatemala's western highlands, as an intact family once again.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>They had traveled to the capital to retrieve their 5-year-old daughter, Filomena, who was flown back from New York City on a commercial airplane by U.S. immigration authorities Tuesday. The anxiety and stress that had hounded Nazario, 32, subsided at last. He had not seen his daughter since she was taken from his arms at a Border Patrol station near San Diego three months ago. (KQED is not disclosing the family's last name because the parents are concerned for their safety in Guatemala.)\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"I'm happy,\" beamed Nazario. \"I feel like we are starting a new life as a family.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Filomena was one of hundreds of children who remained in the custody of the U.S. government after their parents were deported. Most were separated from their parents in recent months as part of the Trump administration's \u003ca href=\"https://www.justice.gov/opa/pr/attorney-general-announces-zero-tolerance-policy-criminal-illegal-entry\">\"zero tolerance\" policy\u003c/a> of criminally prosecuting all adults who enter the country illegally. As of Thursday, 559 children age 5 and older had still not been reunited with their parents (386 of them with parents outside the U.S.), in spite of a federal judge's order that all should be returned to their families by July 26.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>On May 16, Nazario and Filomena crossed the border in eastern San Diego County and were arrested by U.S. Border Patrol agents. In court documents, Nazario said he and his daughter were both crying and screaming as she was taken away from him. Officials did not tell him she had been sent to a shelter in New York, and it was 10 days before his federal public defender was able to find out where she was. Case workers told the lawyers helping the family that Filomena cried often, sometimes to the point of vomiting, while in the care of the U.S. Office of Refugee Resettlement.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But that painful experience seemed like a thing of the past in Guatemala City this week, as a giggling Filomena clung to Nazario's knees and called, \"Papi! Papi!\" He knelt down and planted a big kiss on the girl's cheek.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"She looks alright,\" Nazario said in Spanish. \"We were worried she would be sick.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Numerous mental health experts warn that the prolonged separation from parents increases children's risk of long term trauma, anxiety and depression. These impacts may not manifest immediately, but can surface later on.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"We've heard of children who just don't want to get out of bed,\" said psychologist Roxana Palma Coyoy, with the Casa del Migrante migrant shelter, where Filomena's family stayed.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11685970\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 1920px\">\u003cimg class=\"size-full wp-image-11685970\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2018/08/RS32279_IMG_1944-qut.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"1920\" height=\"1280\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2018/08/RS32279_IMG_1944-qut.jpg 1920w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2018/08/RS32279_IMG_1944-qut-160x107.jpg 160w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2018/08/RS32279_IMG_1944-qut-800x533.jpg 800w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2018/08/RS32279_IMG_1944-qut-1020x680.jpg 1020w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2018/08/RS32279_IMG_1944-qut-1200x800.jpg 1200w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2018/08/RS32279_IMG_1944-qut-1180x787.jpg 1180w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2018/08/RS32279_IMG_1944-qut-960x640.jpg 960w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2018/08/RS32279_IMG_1944-qut-240x160.jpg 240w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2018/08/RS32279_IMG_1944-qut-375x250.jpg 375w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2018/08/RS32279_IMG_1944-qut-520x347.jpg 520w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 1920px) 100vw, 1920px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">The morning after arriving from the U.S., Filomena inspects potted plant at a migrant shelter in Guatemala City. She spent nearly three months at a shelter in New York. \u003ccite>(Farida Jhabvala Romero/KQED)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Trump administration officials have suggested that the zero tolerance policy is deterring unauthorized migration to the U.S., after the number of Border Patrol arrests dropped for two months in a row.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"This decrease shows that when there are real consequences for breaking the law, the conduct of those considering crimes will change,\" said Department of Homeland Security Press Secretary Tyler Q. Houlton in a \u003ca href=\"https://www.dhs.gov/news/2018/08/08/statement-dhs-press-secretary-july-border-numbers\">statement\u003c/a> Wednesday.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But Houlton acknowledged that the number of \u003ca href=\"https://www.cbp.gov/newsroom/stats/usbp-sw-border-apprehensions\">people arrested in family groups\u003c/a> by Border Patrol remains undiminished. Almost 78,000 parents and children together have been apprehended in the past nine months, compared to 67,000 in the same period last year. Almost half of them are from Guatemala.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Palma Coyoy, the Guatemalan psychologist, said the increasing difficulty of entering the U.S. isn't deterring Guatemalan migrants, rather it is pushing them to hire smugglers, known as coyotes. The price coyotes charge for the trek is skyrocketing, she added.\u003c/p>\n\u003caside class=\"alignright\">\n\u003ch3>Read More of KQED's Coverage of Filomena's Story\u003c/h3>\n\u003cp> \u003c/p>\n\u003cul>\n\u003cli>\u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/news/11685525/young-migrant-girl-reunited-with-family-in-guatemala-after-forcible-separation\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Young Migrant Girl Reunited with Family in Guatemala After Months-Long Separation\u003c/a>\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>\u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/news/11683623/months-after-her-dad-was-deported-young-girl-still-alone-in-u-s-shelter\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Months After Her Dad Was Deported, Young Girl Still Alone in U.S. Shelter\u003c/a>\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>\u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/news/11677196/one-migrant-familys-story-of-separation-at-the-border\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">One Migrant Family's Story of Separation at the Border\u003c/a>\u003c/li>\n\u003c/ul>\n\u003c/aside>\n\u003cp>\"Far from discouraging migration to the U.S., what is happening is that these policies are impoverishing people even more,\" she said. \"Families are falling even more easily into the nets of human traffickers.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>As Filomena's family prepared Wednesday for the long trip back to their mountain village in the department of Huehuetenango, Nazario felt the burden of the debt he had taken on to pay coyotes to take him and Filomena to California in May. He had planned to look for jobs as a farm worker once he arrived, to pay off his loan and support Marcela and the children.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Nazario borrowed about 15,000 quetzales, the equivalent of $2,000. He put up as collateral the small, rocky plot of land where the family lives and grows potatoes. If he can't pay it back within two months, he said, he could lose the farm.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"Now I need to work and work any way I can, because I have to pay that debt,\" he said. He added that before he tried to cross the border near the Mexican town of Tecate, the coyote demanded another chunk of money -- $1,500 dollars --which he borrowed from friends in the U.S.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Economic opportunity is scarce in rural Huehuetenango where the family lives. That, in turn, has led to the rise of gangs, and local people contend with violence on a regular basis.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Residents often face a difficult choice to survive: head north in search of work in the U.S., or join gangs that kidnap and extort, said Dionisio Mateo Simón, a Roman Catholic priest in the municipality of San Pedro Soloma, who grew up in the region.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"Given the lack of opportunity for young people especially, the lack of a good job that allows them to make a living, people look for something else to do,\" said Simón, 50. \"Gang members rob houses in broad daylight here in Soloma, they rob stores and buses. We all have to deal with that.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Simón said many families in the area depend on remittances from relatives working in the U.S. But he's noticed more deportees are returning to the region since President Trump's term began, including parents who were separated from their children by U.S. authorities, he said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"When they get here they can't find work and their families face big uncertainties,\" said Simón.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Nazario said he had been pushed to work for a local gang, and was threatened when he refused. That's why he made the decision to leave, he said, in hopes of finding safety and opportunity in the United States. He said it seemed like a good choice at the time to borrow money for the journey.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"But because I failed to get there, for me now it's a sorrow to have to pay all that money back,\" said Nazario, who was deported June 20 to Guatemala.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>He said he is considering moving his family away from their village to find a better paying job. Marcela, who had never traveled as far as Guatemala City before this week, said that whatever they do, the family will take their next steps together.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"The separation from my daughter was so long and very difficult,\" said Marcela, 25, who often carries her two-year old son Marvin in a \u003cem>rebozo\u003c/em> on her back. \"The most important thing now is for our family to stay together.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad floatright]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>KQED's Immigration Editor Tyche Hendricks contributed reporting.\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\n",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>After spending their second night at a migrant shelter in Guatemala City, Nazario and Marcela, a young Mayan couple, dressed their two small children and collected the scant belongings they had piled on the floor in plastic bags. Joined by Nazario's mother and brother, they set out Wednesday morning. This was they day they would return to their village, nine hours away in Guatemala's western highlands, as an intact family once again.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>They had traveled to the capital to retrieve their 5-year-old daughter, Filomena, who was flown back from New York City on a commercial airplane by U.S. immigration authorities Tuesday. The anxiety and stress that had hounded Nazario, 32, subsided at last. He had not seen his daughter since she was taken from his arms at a Border Patrol station near San Diego three months ago. (KQED is not disclosing the family's last name because the parents are concerned for their safety in Guatemala.)\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"I'm happy,\" beamed Nazario. \"I feel like we are starting a new life as a family.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Filomena was one of hundreds of children who remained in the custody of the U.S. government after their parents were deported. Most were separated from their parents in recent months as part of the Trump administration's \u003ca href=\"https://www.justice.gov/opa/pr/attorney-general-announces-zero-tolerance-policy-criminal-illegal-entry\">\"zero tolerance\" policy\u003c/a> of criminally prosecuting all adults who enter the country illegally. As of Thursday, 559 children age 5 and older had still not been reunited with their parents (386 of them with parents outside the U.S.), in spite of a federal judge's order that all should be returned to their families by July 26.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>On May 16, Nazario and Filomena crossed the border in eastern San Diego County and were arrested by U.S. Border Patrol agents. In court documents, Nazario said he and his daughter were both crying and screaming as she was taken away from him. Officials did not tell him she had been sent to a shelter in New York, and it was 10 days before his federal public defender was able to find out where she was. Case workers told the lawyers helping the family that Filomena cried often, sometimes to the point of vomiting, while in the care of the U.S. Office of Refugee Resettlement.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But that painful experience seemed like a thing of the past in Guatemala City this week, as a giggling Filomena clung to Nazario's knees and called, \"Papi! Papi!\" He knelt down and planted a big kiss on the girl's cheek.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"She looks alright,\" Nazario said in Spanish. \"We were worried she would be sick.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Numerous mental health experts warn that the prolonged separation from parents increases children's risk of long term trauma, anxiety and depression. These impacts may not manifest immediately, but can surface later on.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"We've heard of children who just don't want to get out of bed,\" said psychologist Roxana Palma Coyoy, with the Casa del Migrante migrant shelter, where Filomena's family stayed.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11685970\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 1920px\">\u003cimg class=\"size-full wp-image-11685970\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2018/08/RS32279_IMG_1944-qut.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"1920\" height=\"1280\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2018/08/RS32279_IMG_1944-qut.jpg 1920w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2018/08/RS32279_IMG_1944-qut-160x107.jpg 160w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2018/08/RS32279_IMG_1944-qut-800x533.jpg 800w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2018/08/RS32279_IMG_1944-qut-1020x680.jpg 1020w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2018/08/RS32279_IMG_1944-qut-1200x800.jpg 1200w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2018/08/RS32279_IMG_1944-qut-1180x787.jpg 1180w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2018/08/RS32279_IMG_1944-qut-960x640.jpg 960w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2018/08/RS32279_IMG_1944-qut-240x160.jpg 240w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2018/08/RS32279_IMG_1944-qut-375x250.jpg 375w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2018/08/RS32279_IMG_1944-qut-520x347.jpg 520w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 1920px) 100vw, 1920px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">The morning after arriving from the U.S., Filomena inspects potted plant at a migrant shelter in Guatemala City. She spent nearly three months at a shelter in New York. \u003ccite>(Farida Jhabvala Romero/KQED)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Trump administration officials have suggested that the zero tolerance policy is deterring unauthorized migration to the U.S., after the number of Border Patrol arrests dropped for two months in a row.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"This decrease shows that when there are real consequences for breaking the law, the conduct of those considering crimes will change,\" said Department of Homeland Security Press Secretary Tyler Q. Houlton in a \u003ca href=\"https://www.dhs.gov/news/2018/08/08/statement-dhs-press-secretary-july-border-numbers\">statement\u003c/a> Wednesday.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But Houlton acknowledged that the number of \u003ca href=\"https://www.cbp.gov/newsroom/stats/usbp-sw-border-apprehensions\">people arrested in family groups\u003c/a> by Border Patrol remains undiminished. Almost 78,000 parents and children together have been apprehended in the past nine months, compared to 67,000 in the same period last year. Almost half of them are from Guatemala.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Palma Coyoy, the Guatemalan psychologist, said the increasing difficulty of entering the U.S. isn't deterring Guatemalan migrants, rather it is pushing them to hire smugglers, known as coyotes. The price coyotes charge for the trek is skyrocketing, she added.\u003c/p>\n\u003caside class=\"alignright\">\n\u003ch3>Read More of KQED's Coverage of Filomena's Story\u003c/h3>\n\u003cp> \u003c/p>\n\u003cul>\n\u003cli>\u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/news/11685525/young-migrant-girl-reunited-with-family-in-guatemala-after-forcible-separation\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Young Migrant Girl Reunited with Family in Guatemala After Months-Long Separation\u003c/a>\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>\u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/news/11683623/months-after-her-dad-was-deported-young-girl-still-alone-in-u-s-shelter\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Months After Her Dad Was Deported, Young Girl Still Alone in U.S. Shelter\u003c/a>\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>\u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/news/11677196/one-migrant-familys-story-of-separation-at-the-border\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">One Migrant Family's Story of Separation at the Border\u003c/a>\u003c/li>\n\u003c/ul>\n\u003c/aside>\n\u003cp>\"Far from discouraging migration to the U.S., what is happening is that these policies are impoverishing people even more,\" she said. \"Families are falling even more easily into the nets of human traffickers.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>As Filomena's family prepared Wednesday for the long trip back to their mountain village in the department of Huehuetenango, Nazario felt the burden of the debt he had taken on to pay coyotes to take him and Filomena to California in May. He had planned to look for jobs as a farm worker once he arrived, to pay off his loan and support Marcela and the children.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Nazario borrowed about 15,000 quetzales, the equivalent of $2,000. He put up as collateral the small, rocky plot of land where the family lives and grows potatoes. If he can't pay it back within two months, he said, he could lose the farm.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"Now I need to work and work any way I can, because I have to pay that debt,\" he said. He added that before he tried to cross the border near the Mexican town of Tecate, the coyote demanded another chunk of money -- $1,500 dollars --which he borrowed from friends in the U.S.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Economic opportunity is scarce in rural Huehuetenango where the family lives. That, in turn, has led to the rise of gangs, and local people contend with violence on a regular basis.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Residents often face a difficult choice to survive: head north in search of work in the U.S., or join gangs that kidnap and extort, said Dionisio Mateo Simón, a Roman Catholic priest in the municipality of San Pedro Soloma, who grew up in the region.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"Given the lack of opportunity for young people especially, the lack of a good job that allows them to make a living, people look for something else to do,\" said Simón, 50. \"Gang members rob houses in broad daylight here in Soloma, they rob stores and buses. We all have to deal with that.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Simón said many families in the area depend on remittances from relatives working in the U.S. But he's noticed more deportees are returning to the region since President Trump's term began, including parents who were separated from their children by U.S. authorities, he said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"When they get here they can't find work and their families face big uncertainties,\" said Simón.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Nazario said he had been pushed to work for a local gang, and was threatened when he refused. That's why he made the decision to leave, he said, in hopes of finding safety and opportunity in the United States. He said it seemed like a good choice at the time to borrow money for the journey.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"But because I failed to get there, for me now it's a sorrow to have to pay all that money back,\" said Nazario, who was deported June 20 to Guatemala.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>He said he is considering moving his family away from their village to find a better paying job. Marcela, who had never traveled as far as Guatemala City before this week, said that whatever they do, the family will take their next steps together.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"The separation from my daughter was so long and very difficult,\" said Marcela, 25, who often carries her two-year old son Marvin in a \u003cem>rebozo\u003c/em> on her back. \"The most important thing now is for our family to stay together.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>KQED's Immigration Editor Tyche Hendricks contributed reporting.\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>",
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"content": "\u003ch2>\u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/news/11685845/after-long-awaited-reunion-guatemalan-family-braces-for-challenges\">Reunited Migrant Family Heading Home\u003c/a>\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>Yesterday, we brought you the story of 5-year-old Filomena, who was reunited with her parents in Guatemala City after being separated for three months as a result of the Trump Administration's \"zero tolerance\" policy when her father, Nazario, applied for asylum in California after crossing the border near Tecate. Her dad was deported back to the Guatemala, and Filomena stayed in a foster shelter in New York - one of the more than 430 children separated from their deported parents. The family now heads back to their village in Guatemala.\u003cbr>\n\u003cem>Guest: Farida Jhabvala Romero\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\u003ch2>A Ride With Border Patrol Along San Diego's Border Fence\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>The Trump Administration’s zero tolerance policy aims to criminally prosecute everyone who crosses the border illegally. The people on the front lines of that policy are Border Patrol agents who take migrants into custody in between the ports of entry. KQED’s Julie Small recently spent time with a Border Patrol agent in San Diego.\u003cbr>\n\u003cem>Reporter: Julie Small\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\u003ch2>Yosemite National Park Employees Face Money Problems Due to Fire Evacuation\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>The Ferguson Fire threatening Yosemite National Park continues burning as well. Nearly 95,000 acres have been torched but firefighters are making progress and it's now 68 percent contained. Ever since officials closed parts of the Park indefinitely, many of its employees have been forced to find refuge.\u003cbr>\n\u003cem>Reporter: Alex Hall\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\u003ch2>Wildfires Push Back School Start Dates in Lake County\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>So, it's mid August and that means it's almost back to school time. Some kids won't be grabbing their lunchboxes quite yet though, as the fires push back the start of the school year. The Mendocino Complex Fire will delay the start of at least four Lake County schools, impacting more than five thousand students.\u003c/p>\n\u003ch2>State Lawmakers Seek to Legalize Sale of Home-Cooked Meals\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>There’s nothing like a home-cooked meal but in California, it’s illegal to sell them. There’s a bill now in the state legislature to change that. And it’s causing controversy with those in the “cottage food” industry. They worry the move may pave the way for Silicon Valley companies to “Uberize” home-cooked meals.\u003cbr>\n\u003cem>Reporter: Sam Harnett\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\u003ch2>Settlement Reached in Case Against Southern California Gas Over Methane Leak\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>State and local officials have reached a 120-million dollar settlement with Southern California Gas – it’ll resolve public claims over the largest methane leak in U.S. history. But not everyone is happy with it.\u003cbr>\n\u003cem>Reporter: Molly Peterson\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003ch2>\u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/news/11685845/after-long-awaited-reunion-guatemalan-family-braces-for-challenges\">Reunited Migrant Family Heading Home\u003c/a>\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>Yesterday, we brought you the story of 5-year-old Filomena, who was reunited with her parents in Guatemala City after being separated for three months as a result of the Trump Administration's \"zero tolerance\" policy when her father, Nazario, applied for asylum in California after crossing the border near Tecate. Her dad was deported back to the Guatemala, and Filomena stayed in a foster shelter in New York - one of the more than 430 children separated from their deported parents. The family now heads back to their village in Guatemala.\u003cbr>\n\u003cem>Guest: Farida Jhabvala Romero\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\u003ch2>A Ride With Border Patrol Along San Diego's Border Fence\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>The Trump Administration’s zero tolerance policy aims to criminally prosecute everyone who crosses the border illegally. The people on the front lines of that policy are Border Patrol agents who take migrants into custody in between the ports of entry. KQED’s Julie Small recently spent time with a Border Patrol agent in San Diego.\u003cbr>\n\u003cem>Reporter: Julie Small\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\u003ch2>Yosemite National Park Employees Face Money Problems Due to Fire Evacuation\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>The Ferguson Fire threatening Yosemite National Park continues burning as well. Nearly 95,000 acres have been torched but firefighters are making progress and it's now 68 percent contained. Ever since officials closed parts of the Park indefinitely, many of its employees have been forced to find refuge.\u003cbr>\n\u003cem>Reporter: Alex Hall\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\u003ch2>Wildfires Push Back School Start Dates in Lake County\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>So, it's mid August and that means it's almost back to school time. Some kids won't be grabbing their lunchboxes quite yet though, as the fires push back the start of the school year. The Mendocino Complex Fire will delay the start of at least four Lake County schools, impacting more than five thousand students.\u003c/p>\n\u003ch2>State Lawmakers Seek to Legalize Sale of Home-Cooked Meals\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>There’s nothing like a home-cooked meal but in California, it’s illegal to sell them. There’s a bill now in the state legislature to change that. And it’s causing controversy with those in the “cottage food” industry. They worry the move may pave the way for Silicon Valley companies to “Uberize” home-cooked meals.\u003cbr>\n\u003cem>Reporter: Sam Harnett\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\u003ch2>Settlement Reached in Case Against Southern California Gas Over Methane Leak\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>State and local officials have reached a 120-million dollar settlement with Southern California Gas – it’ll resolve public claims over the largest methane leak in U.S. history. But not everyone is happy with it.\u003cbr>\n\u003cem>Reporter: Molly Peterson\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"disqusTitle": "Federal Court: Border Agent Doesn't Have Immunity in Teen's Killing At Mexican Border",
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"content": "\u003cp>A federal appeals court is allowing a lawsuit over a Border Patrol agent's killing of a Mexican teenager to proceed, saying that if the plaintiff's version of events is correct, the agent \"violated a clearly established constitutional right and is thus not immune from suit.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In her lawsuit, Araceli Rodriguez says U.S. Border Patrol agent Lonnie Swartz violated her son's Fourth Amendment rights against unreasonable search and seizure, as well as his Fifth Amendment rights — a claim that essentially accuses Swartz of executing her son without due process.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Ruling that Rodriguez's case should proceed, the majority of a panel for the 9th U.S. Circuit Court of Appeals stated: \"We cannot imagine anyone whose conscience would not be shocked by the cold-blooded murder of an innocent person walking down the street in Mexico or Canada by a U.S. Border Patrol agent on the American side of the border.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The panel voted 2-1 to allow the suit against Swartz to move ahead. The civil case has raised complicated questions about law enforcement agents' legal immunity -- and whether the U.S. Constitution might sometimes apply to a foreign citizen along the border. Amid a proliferation of similar incidents in recent years, the Supreme Court has not yet issued a blanket ruling to cover all the aspects of such cases.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Swartz fired at Jose Antonio Elena Rodriguez from the U.S. side of the border, but his bullets struck and killed Elena Rodriguez, 16, on the other side, in Nogales, Mexico. The killing took place late on the night of Oct. 12, 2012, when Swartz shot Elena Rodriguez around 10 times, including eight times in the back, according to the medical examiner in Sonora, Mexico.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The American agent said he had acted in self-defense after rocks were thrown over the border. Swartz fired from behind a tall metal fence on an embankment that runs parallel to — and some 20 feet above — International Street in Nogales, where Elena Rodriguez had been walking when he was killed.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The incident produced a legal first in 2015, when Swartz was indicted on murder charges for the cross-border shooting. That criminal trial ended in April, when \u003ca href=\"https://www.npr.org/sections/thetwo-way/2018/04/24/605157363/border-patrol-agent-acquitted-in-2012-fatal-shooting-of-mexican-teen\">a jury acquitted Swartz\u003c/a> of murder and deadlocked on a count of manslaughter.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Swartz \"has been on unpaid administrative leave since his indictment in 2015,\" his attorney, Sean Chapman, told NPR.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>When asked about any plans to appeal Tuesday's ruling, Chapman said, \"We will either file a motion for rehearing en banc\" — referring to the full circuit court, rather than a three-judge panel — or ask the Supreme Court to take the case.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In allowing the civil lawsuit to proceed, the 9th Circuit judges also moved to give new context to a legal precedent the Supreme Court set in 1971, in its ruling in \u003cem>Bivens v. Six Unknown Named Agents of the Federal Bureau of Narcotics\u003c/em>. The landmark \u003cem>Bivens\u003c/em> case covered the actions of federal agents who were found to have violated constitutional protections, but it did not involve a cross-border action.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>As they invoked \u003cem>Bivens\u003c/em> in the current case, Judge Andrew Kleinfeld and Edward Korman said in the majority opinion written by Kleinfeld that they did so because \"no other adequate remedy was available.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In his dissent, Judge Milan Smith Jr. said that it's up to Congress, not the courts, to provide a remedy for damages in such cases. The court was going too far in extending \u003cem>Bivens, \u003c/em>he said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"In holding to the contrary,\" Smith wrote, \"the majority creates a circuit split, oversteps separation-of-powers principles, and disregards Supreme Court law. I therefore respectfully dissent.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The \"circuit split\" Smith mentioned refers to the 9th Circuit reaching a different conclusion than the 5th Circuit did in a recent similar case — a situation that likely bolsters the chance that the Supreme Court will eventually take up the issue.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The judges who ruled in Rodriguez's favor said that while federal law bars the U.S. from being accountable to foreign laws, the plaintiff in this case is seeking to hold Swartz accountable under the U.S. Constitution.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Kleinfeld wrote in his opinion, \"We are applying the Constitution to afford a remedy to an alien under these circumstances.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The Rodriguez case had been put on hold in late 2016, as the Supreme Court was considering \u003cem>Hernandez v. Mesa\u003c/em>, a case that revolved around a U.S. Border Patrol agent who shot and killed 15-year-old Sergio Hernandez, in a culvert between the U.S. and Mexico at the El Paso, Texas, border.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Last summer, the Supreme Court \u003ca href=\"https://www.npr.org/2017/06/27/534528654/mom-of-cross-border-shooting-victim-still-waiting-for-victory\">sent the Hernandez case back to the U.S. 5th Circuit Court of Appeals\u003c/a> and gave the plaintiffs a partial victory by saying the lower court made a mistake when it found the U.S. border agent in that case, Jesus Mesa Jr., had qualified immunity. In part, the lower court had reasoned that Hernandez wasn't protected by the Constitution because he wasn't a U.S. citizen.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In its ruling, the Supreme Court said that because Mesa hadn't known \"Hernandez's nationality and the extent of his ties to the United States\" when he shot at him, those facts were irrelevant to deciding whether the agent's actions were legal.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Citing that aspect of the Supreme Court ruling, the 9th Circuit judges said the facts about Elena Rodriguez's citizenship were similarly irrelevant.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>It would be \"bizarre,\" the majority opinion stated, for Swartz to be granted qualified immunity on the grounds that the teenager was not a U.S. citizen.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Reacting to the ruling in Arizona, Art del Cueto, head of the local Border Patrol Union, warned that it could embolden people who want to carry out cross-border attacks on U.S. agents, \u003ca href=\"https://news.azpm.org/p/news-articles/2018/8/7/134512-appeals-court-no-immunity-for-agent-in-cross-border-killing/\">as Arizona Public Media reports\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Rodriguez has pursued her lawsuit with the help of the American Civil Liberties Union. After Tuesday's appeals court ruling, Lee Gelernt, deputy director of the ACLU's Immigrants' Rights Project, said, \"The ruling could not have come at a more important time, when this administration is seeking to further militarize the border.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cdiv class=\"fullattribution\">\u003cem>Copyright 2018 \u003ca href=\"http://www.npr.org/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">NPR\u003c/a>.\u003c/em>\u003c/div>\n\n",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>A federal appeals court is allowing a lawsuit over a Border Patrol agent's killing of a Mexican teenager to proceed, saying that if the plaintiff's version of events is correct, the agent \"violated a clearly established constitutional right and is thus not immune from suit.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In her lawsuit, Araceli Rodriguez says U.S. Border Patrol agent Lonnie Swartz violated her son's Fourth Amendment rights against unreasonable search and seizure, as well as his Fifth Amendment rights — a claim that essentially accuses Swartz of executing her son without due process.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Ruling that Rodriguez's case should proceed, the majority of a panel for the 9th U.S. Circuit Court of Appeals stated: \"We cannot imagine anyone whose conscience would not be shocked by the cold-blooded murder of an innocent person walking down the street in Mexico or Canada by a U.S. Border Patrol agent on the American side of the border.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The panel voted 2-1 to allow the suit against Swartz to move ahead. The civil case has raised complicated questions about law enforcement agents' legal immunity -- and whether the U.S. Constitution might sometimes apply to a foreign citizen along the border. Amid a proliferation of similar incidents in recent years, the Supreme Court has not yet issued a blanket ruling to cover all the aspects of such cases.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Swartz fired at Jose Antonio Elena Rodriguez from the U.S. side of the border, but his bullets struck and killed Elena Rodriguez, 16, on the other side, in Nogales, Mexico. The killing took place late on the night of Oct. 12, 2012, when Swartz shot Elena Rodriguez around 10 times, including eight times in the back, according to the medical examiner in Sonora, Mexico.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The American agent said he had acted in self-defense after rocks were thrown over the border. Swartz fired from behind a tall metal fence on an embankment that runs parallel to — and some 20 feet above — International Street in Nogales, where Elena Rodriguez had been walking when he was killed.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The incident produced a legal first in 2015, when Swartz was indicted on murder charges for the cross-border shooting. That criminal trial ended in April, when \u003ca href=\"https://www.npr.org/sections/thetwo-way/2018/04/24/605157363/border-patrol-agent-acquitted-in-2012-fatal-shooting-of-mexican-teen\">a jury acquitted Swartz\u003c/a> of murder and deadlocked on a count of manslaughter.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Swartz \"has been on unpaid administrative leave since his indictment in 2015,\" his attorney, Sean Chapman, told NPR.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>When asked about any plans to appeal Tuesday's ruling, Chapman said, \"We will either file a motion for rehearing en banc\" — referring to the full circuit court, rather than a three-judge panel — or ask the Supreme Court to take the case.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In allowing the civil lawsuit to proceed, the 9th Circuit judges also moved to give new context to a legal precedent the Supreme Court set in 1971, in its ruling in \u003cem>Bivens v. Six Unknown Named Agents of the Federal Bureau of Narcotics\u003c/em>. The landmark \u003cem>Bivens\u003c/em> case covered the actions of federal agents who were found to have violated constitutional protections, but it did not involve a cross-border action.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>As they invoked \u003cem>Bivens\u003c/em> in the current case, Judge Andrew Kleinfeld and Edward Korman said in the majority opinion written by Kleinfeld that they did so because \"no other adequate remedy was available.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In his dissent, Judge Milan Smith Jr. said that it's up to Congress, not the courts, to provide a remedy for damages in such cases. The court was going too far in extending \u003cem>Bivens, \u003c/em>he said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"In holding to the contrary,\" Smith wrote, \"the majority creates a circuit split, oversteps separation-of-powers principles, and disregards Supreme Court law. I therefore respectfully dissent.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The \"circuit split\" Smith mentioned refers to the 9th Circuit reaching a different conclusion than the 5th Circuit did in a recent similar case — a situation that likely bolsters the chance that the Supreme Court will eventually take up the issue.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The judges who ruled in Rodriguez's favor said that while federal law bars the U.S. from being accountable to foreign laws, the plaintiff in this case is seeking to hold Swartz accountable under the U.S. Constitution.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Kleinfeld wrote in his opinion, \"We are applying the Constitution to afford a remedy to an alien under these circumstances.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The Rodriguez case had been put on hold in late 2016, as the Supreme Court was considering \u003cem>Hernandez v. Mesa\u003c/em>, a case that revolved around a U.S. Border Patrol agent who shot and killed 15-year-old Sergio Hernandez, in a culvert between the U.S. and Mexico at the El Paso, Texas, border.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Last summer, the Supreme Court \u003ca href=\"https://www.npr.org/2017/06/27/534528654/mom-of-cross-border-shooting-victim-still-waiting-for-victory\">sent the Hernandez case back to the U.S. 5th Circuit Court of Appeals\u003c/a> and gave the plaintiffs a partial victory by saying the lower court made a mistake when it found the U.S. border agent in that case, Jesus Mesa Jr., had qualified immunity. In part, the lower court had reasoned that Hernandez wasn't protected by the Constitution because he wasn't a U.S. citizen.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In its ruling, the Supreme Court said that because Mesa hadn't known \"Hernandez's nationality and the extent of his ties to the United States\" when he shot at him, those facts were irrelevant to deciding whether the agent's actions were legal.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Citing that aspect of the Supreme Court ruling, the 9th Circuit judges said the facts about Elena Rodriguez's citizenship were similarly irrelevant.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>It would be \"bizarre,\" the majority opinion stated, for Swartz to be granted qualified immunity on the grounds that the teenager was not a U.S. citizen.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Reacting to the ruling in Arizona, Art del Cueto, head of the local Border Patrol Union, warned that it could embolden people who want to carry out cross-border attacks on U.S. agents, \u003ca href=\"https://news.azpm.org/p/news-articles/2018/8/7/134512-appeals-court-no-immunity-for-agent-in-cross-border-killing/\">as Arizona Public Media reports\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Rodriguez has pursued her lawsuit with the help of the American Civil Liberties Union. After Tuesday's appeals court ruling, Lee Gelernt, deputy director of the ACLU's Immigrants' Rights Project, said, \"The ruling could not have come at a more important time, when this administration is seeking to further militarize the border.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cdiv class=\"fullattribution\">\u003cem>Copyright 2018 \u003ca href=\"http://www.npr.org/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">NPR\u003c/a>.\u003c/em>\u003c/div>\n\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>",
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"title": "The California Report Talks 'Zero Tolerance' with San Diego's Chief Patrol Agent",
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"content": "\u003cp>\u003cem>The California Report\u003c/em> walked and drove \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/news/11682901/photos-a-ride-with-border-patrol-along-san-diegos-border-fence\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">along part of the San Diego-Tijuana border\u003c/a> recently with Rodney Scott, chief patrol agent for the San Diego sector of U.S. Customs and Border Protection.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>It’s his job to oversee about 2,400 agents and 60 linear miles of border with Mexico, as well as the entire California coast. It’s a tall order for a self-described “Indiana farm kid” who moved to Nogales, Arizona, when he was 16.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>We asked Scott what has changed under the Trump administration’s zero tolerance policy. Have there been fewer arrests? And what has it been like to operate under the increased scrutiny of media and immigration advocates as the Trump administration has rolled out its tougher immigration policy?\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11685561\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 1920px\">\u003ca href=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2018/08/Chief-Scott_Polly-e1533742402605.jpg\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"wp-image-11685561 size-full\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2018/08/Chief-Scott_Polly-e1533742402605.jpg\" alt=\"The California Report's Polly Stryker interviewing Chief Patrol Agent Rodney Scott along the San Diego - Tijuana border. (KQED/Drehsler)\" width=\"1920\" height=\"1280\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">The California Report’s Polly Stryker interviewing Chief Patrol Agent Rodney Scott along the San Diego-Tijuana border. \u003ccite>(Ariana Drehsler/KQED)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Scott says he wants to “clear [things] up a little bit.” He says zero tolerance wasn’t really that much of a change in policy when it comes to consequences for a criminal action.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“A big reason we believe that we’ve had the massive illegal immigration problem we’ve had over the years is we’ve never had a consequence for that crime in a consistent manner. Anywhere we’ve consistently had a prosecution associated with a criminal action, that criminal action has slowed down,” he says.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“So, zero tolerance just spread that proven concept across the entire Southwest border and said we’re now going to start prosecuting everybody instead of a select few. That was the change. No laws changed,” says Scott.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>And arrests? They are up. Border Patrol Agent and Public Affairs Officer Eduardo Olmos provided these numbers for the fiscal year to date in the San Diego sector:\u003c/p>\n\u003cul>\n\u003cli>There have been 28,516 arrests to date in fiscal year 2018, averaging 103.69 arrests per day.\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>This is 42.98 percent higher than fiscal year 2017, when there were 19,944 arrests, averaging 72.52 arrests per day.\u003c/li>\n\u003c/ul>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11685554\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 1920px\">\u003ca href=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2018/08/wall_Imperial-Beach-e1533742604215.jpg\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-full wp-image-11685554\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2018/08/wall_Imperial-Beach-e1533742604215.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"1920\" height=\"1280\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">A camera tower southeast of Spooner’s Mesa, San Diego-Tijuana border. \u003ccite>(Ariana Dreshler/KQED)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Scott says the increased media attention to \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/news/tag/family-separation\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">the separation of families\u003c/a> due to zero tolerance has “created some challenges to prosecuting every single person that crosses. We’re moving in that direction. But here in San Diego, and across the country, we’re still kind of working through the zero tolerance [policy]. Three months seems like a long time, but when you’re trying to kind of change the court system, if you will, and then start prosecuting crimes at a pretty high rate that you have not in the past, that’s a big machine to move.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“So, we’re prosecuting significantly more here in San Diego than we were before, but we’re not close to 100 percent yet,” he says. The main thing that’s changed, says Scott, is the paperwork. There’s more of it.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In spite of reports that Customs and Border Patrol agents turn away asylum-seekers — including at least one instance where \u003cem>The California Report \u003c/em>witnessed a CBP agent telling an asylum-seeker to go away, saying they weren’t doing asylum cases anymore — Scott says agents do not turn away asylum-seekers and process all applicants.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“We take every allegation very, very seriously,” he says. “I have not seen any proven allegations on that for Border Patrol agents.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11685563\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 1920px\">\u003ca href=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2018/08/razor-wire-along-border-fence-e1533742753607.jpg\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"wp-image-11685563 size-full\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2018/08/razor-wire-along-border-fence-e1533742753607.jpg\" alt=\"Patchwork of razor wire on the secondary fence south-east of Spooner's Mesa at the San Diego - Tijuana border. The secondary fence gets patched up quite often due to it being cut by people who are trying to go to the United States illegally. (KQED/Drehsler)\" width=\"1920\" height=\"1280\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Patchwork of razor wire on the secondary fence southeast of Spooner’s Mesa at the San Diego-Tijuana border. The secondary fence gets patched up quite often due to it being cut by people who are trying to go to the United States illegally. \u003ccite>(Ariana Drehsler/KQED)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>“If anybody crosses the border in between the ports of entry, we arrest them. It doesn’t even matter if it’s a United States citizen. It’s illegal to cross the border in between the ports of entry. Then they get taken to a Border Patrol station, and the process is fairly similar for us at that point,” he says.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Part of the questioning process for an illegal alien is, ‘Do you have credible fear?’ If they claim to have credible fear, we’re done. We don’t make any determination about … is that fear valid? Is that fear not valid? You basically just check a box. And then the individual goes for a credible fear hearing with CIS (or the U.S. Citizenship and Immigration Services).\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“So, there’s no benefit for a Border Patrol agent to try to dissuade somebody from claiming credible fear. It doesn’t change his specific workload,” explains Scott.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Scott remembers when he started working as a Border Patrol agent in the Imperial Beach sector in the 1990s.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“This area was completely out of control. It was total chaos. I, as a young agent, was watching 10 people get away for every person I caught. We’d have 100 people on the ground, and another massive mob that you couldn’t even count would run by you, just out of arm’s reach. You don’t see that now. And it’s because the country made a decision to invest in border security, starting here in San Diego and El Paso, and we’ve systematically expanded it out.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Back in mid-March, Scott briefed President Trump when \u003ca href=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/news/2018/03/13/trumps-visit-draws-supporters-protesters-and-security/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">he visited the border to look at wall prototypes\u003c/a>. He says the president absolutely “has it right” when it comes to building new wall infrastructure along the U.S.-Mexico border.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“When you install the border fence, it has about a 25-year life cycle. So that’s actually a pretty inexpensive investment for a long period of time, whereas technology has a life cycle of about 18 months. So building a wall is clearly one of the best investments for the American people to secure the border.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11685556\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 1920px\">\u003ca href=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2018/08/Friendship-Park_woman-e1533742904977.jpg\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-full wp-image-11685556\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2018/08/Friendship-Park_woman-e1533742904977.jpg\" alt=\"A woman looks through the border fence from Friendship Park in Tijuana.\" width=\"1920\" height=\"1280\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">A woman looks through the border fence from Friendship Park in Tijuana. \u003ccite>(Ariana Dreshler/KQED)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>The California Report\u003c/em> also attended mass in Calexico, a border town nearly two hours east of San Diego, on a recent Sunday. Afterward, we spoke with the priest, a Catholic from Mexicali. He talked about America as being a “land of plenty,” that there’s enough for everyone here.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad floatright]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>What does Scott make of that? He says he subscribes to similar basic religious beliefs about helping travelers and migrants. “I believe we have a responsibility to help others. We have a responsibility to treat everybody humanely and fairly.” But, he says, “the first deportation and the first borders were created in Genesis.”\u003c/p>\n\n",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>\u003cem>The California Report\u003c/em> walked and drove \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/news/11682901/photos-a-ride-with-border-patrol-along-san-diegos-border-fence\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">along part of the San Diego-Tijuana border\u003c/a> recently with Rodney Scott, chief patrol agent for the San Diego sector of U.S. Customs and Border Protection.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>It’s his job to oversee about 2,400 agents and 60 linear miles of border with Mexico, as well as the entire California coast. It’s a tall order for a self-described “Indiana farm kid” who moved to Nogales, Arizona, when he was 16.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>We asked Scott what has changed under the Trump administration’s zero tolerance policy. Have there been fewer arrests? And what has it been like to operate under the increased scrutiny of media and immigration advocates as the Trump administration has rolled out its tougher immigration policy?\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11685561\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 1920px\">\u003ca href=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2018/08/Chief-Scott_Polly-e1533742402605.jpg\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"wp-image-11685561 size-full\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2018/08/Chief-Scott_Polly-e1533742402605.jpg\" alt=\"The California Report's Polly Stryker interviewing Chief Patrol Agent Rodney Scott along the San Diego - Tijuana border. (KQED/Drehsler)\" width=\"1920\" height=\"1280\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">The California Report’s Polly Stryker interviewing Chief Patrol Agent Rodney Scott along the San Diego-Tijuana border. \u003ccite>(Ariana Drehsler/KQED)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Scott says he wants to “clear [things] up a little bit.” He says zero tolerance wasn’t really that much of a change in policy when it comes to consequences for a criminal action.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“A big reason we believe that we’ve had the massive illegal immigration problem we’ve had over the years is we’ve never had a consequence for that crime in a consistent manner. Anywhere we’ve consistently had a prosecution associated with a criminal action, that criminal action has slowed down,” he says.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“So, zero tolerance just spread that proven concept across the entire Southwest border and said we’re now going to start prosecuting everybody instead of a select few. That was the change. No laws changed,” says Scott.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>And arrests? They are up. Border Patrol Agent and Public Affairs Officer Eduardo Olmos provided these numbers for the fiscal year to date in the San Diego sector:\u003c/p>\n\u003cul>\n\u003cli>There have been 28,516 arrests to date in fiscal year 2018, averaging 103.69 arrests per day.\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>This is 42.98 percent higher than fiscal year 2017, when there were 19,944 arrests, averaging 72.52 arrests per day.\u003c/li>\n\u003c/ul>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11685554\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 1920px\">\u003ca href=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2018/08/wall_Imperial-Beach-e1533742604215.jpg\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-full wp-image-11685554\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2018/08/wall_Imperial-Beach-e1533742604215.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"1920\" height=\"1280\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">A camera tower southeast of Spooner’s Mesa, San Diego-Tijuana border. \u003ccite>(Ariana Dreshler/KQED)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Scott says the increased media attention to \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/news/tag/family-separation\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">the separation of families\u003c/a> due to zero tolerance has “created some challenges to prosecuting every single person that crosses. We’re moving in that direction. But here in San Diego, and across the country, we’re still kind of working through the zero tolerance [policy]. Three months seems like a long time, but when you’re trying to kind of change the court system, if you will, and then start prosecuting crimes at a pretty high rate that you have not in the past, that’s a big machine to move.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“So, we’re prosecuting significantly more here in San Diego than we were before, but we’re not close to 100 percent yet,” he says. The main thing that’s changed, says Scott, is the paperwork. There’s more of it.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In spite of reports that Customs and Border Patrol agents turn away asylum-seekers — including at least one instance where \u003cem>The California Report \u003c/em>witnessed a CBP agent telling an asylum-seeker to go away, saying they weren’t doing asylum cases anymore — Scott says agents do not turn away asylum-seekers and process all applicants.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“We take every allegation very, very seriously,” he says. “I have not seen any proven allegations on that for Border Patrol agents.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11685563\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 1920px\">\u003ca href=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2018/08/razor-wire-along-border-fence-e1533742753607.jpg\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"wp-image-11685563 size-full\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2018/08/razor-wire-along-border-fence-e1533742753607.jpg\" alt=\"Patchwork of razor wire on the secondary fence south-east of Spooner's Mesa at the San Diego - Tijuana border. The secondary fence gets patched up quite often due to it being cut by people who are trying to go to the United States illegally. (KQED/Drehsler)\" width=\"1920\" height=\"1280\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Patchwork of razor wire on the secondary fence southeast of Spooner’s Mesa at the San Diego-Tijuana border. The secondary fence gets patched up quite often due to it being cut by people who are trying to go to the United States illegally. \u003ccite>(Ariana Drehsler/KQED)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>“If anybody crosses the border in between the ports of entry, we arrest them. It doesn’t even matter if it’s a United States citizen. It’s illegal to cross the border in between the ports of entry. Then they get taken to a Border Patrol station, and the process is fairly similar for us at that point,” he says.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Part of the questioning process for an illegal alien is, ‘Do you have credible fear?’ If they claim to have credible fear, we’re done. We don’t make any determination about … is that fear valid? Is that fear not valid? You basically just check a box. And then the individual goes for a credible fear hearing with CIS (or the U.S. Citizenship and Immigration Services).\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“So, there’s no benefit for a Border Patrol agent to try to dissuade somebody from claiming credible fear. It doesn’t change his specific workload,” explains Scott.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Scott remembers when he started working as a Border Patrol agent in the Imperial Beach sector in the 1990s.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“This area was completely out of control. It was total chaos. I, as a young agent, was watching 10 people get away for every person I caught. We’d have 100 people on the ground, and another massive mob that you couldn’t even count would run by you, just out of arm’s reach. You don’t see that now. And it’s because the country made a decision to invest in border security, starting here in San Diego and El Paso, and we’ve systematically expanded it out.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Back in mid-March, Scott briefed President Trump when \u003ca href=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/news/2018/03/13/trumps-visit-draws-supporters-protesters-and-security/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">he visited the border to look at wall prototypes\u003c/a>. He says the president absolutely “has it right” when it comes to building new wall infrastructure along the U.S.-Mexico border.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“When you install the border fence, it has about a 25-year life cycle. So that’s actually a pretty inexpensive investment for a long period of time, whereas technology has a life cycle of about 18 months. So building a wall is clearly one of the best investments for the American people to secure the border.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11685556\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 1920px\">\u003ca href=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2018/08/Friendship-Park_woman-e1533742904977.jpg\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-full wp-image-11685556\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2018/08/Friendship-Park_woman-e1533742904977.jpg\" alt=\"A woman looks through the border fence from Friendship Park in Tijuana.\" width=\"1920\" height=\"1280\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">A woman looks through the border fence from Friendship Park in Tijuana. \u003ccite>(Ariana Dreshler/KQED)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>The California Report\u003c/em> also attended mass in Calexico, a border town nearly two hours east of San Diego, on a recent Sunday. Afterward, we spoke with the priest, a Catholic from Mexicali. He talked about America as being a “land of plenty,” that there’s enough for everyone here.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"disqusTitle": "Young Migrant Girl Reunited with Family in Guatemala After Months-Long Separation",
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"content": "\u003cp>A 5-year-old Guatemalan girl, who spent almost three months in U.S. government custody at a shelter in New York after being separated from her father at the California border, was finally returned to her parents Tuesday in Guatemala City.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Filomena's parents, Nazario and Marcela, hugged their little girl and cried at a child welfare home run by a Guatemalan government agency. Their daughter arrived in the capital on a commercial flight, along with several other children sent home by U.S. immigration authorities. (KQED is not disclosing their last names because the parents are concerned for the family's safety).\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"It was very difficult to be separated like that,\" said Nazario, 32. \"I feel happy again to have her with us.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Nazario has been trying to regain custody of Filomena ever since May 16, when, he said, two Border Patrol agents took her from his arms in a San Diego County holding facility. The father and daughter were one of almost 3,000 families separated as a result of the Trump administration's \"zero tolerance\" policy, announced in April, to prosecute all unauthorized immigrants arrested at the border.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>U.S. authorities later prosecuted Nazario in criminal court for illegally entering the country. He said he had fled to the United States after gang members threatened his life. But he gave up his claim for asylum, believing that doing so would allow him to get his child back. He was deported on June 20 without Filomena.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Filomena was one of more than 400 children who remained in U.S. government custody after their parents were deported. Under orders from a federal judge in San Diego, immigration officials are still scrambling to locate deported parents. Legal experts worry that, in many cases, returning children to their families abroad will take much longer.\u003c/p>\n\u003caside class=\"alignright\">\n\u003ch3>Read More of KQED's Coverage of Filomena's Story\u003c/h3>\n\u003cp> \u003c/p>\n\u003cul>\n\u003cli>\u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/news/11683623/months-after-her-dad-was-deported-young-girl-still-alone-in-u-s-shelter\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Months After Her Dad Was Deported, Young Girl Still Alone in U.S. Shelter\u003c/a>\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>\u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/news/11677196/one-migrant-familys-story-of-separation-at-the-border\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">One Migrant Family's Story of Separation at the Border\u003c/a>\u003c/li>\n\u003c/ul>\n\u003c/aside>\n\u003cp>Filomena's family, including her 65-year-old grandmother and 2-year-old brother, traveled more than nine hours by foot and bus on Sunday from their village in Guatemala's western highlands to be reunited with her. Guatemalan consular officials in New York had called Nazario to tell him Filomena would arrive Tuesday at the La Aurora international airport in the capital.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Guatemalan government officials escorted Filomena and three other children in a white van from the airport to the child welfare home, where dozens of parents waited expectantly for their children to arrive.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Reporters from local and international media outlets prowled the street outside the shelter's thick wooden doors, as officials didn't allow them to enter the building for most of the day.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In the afternoon, Nazario and his family emerged, carrying Filomena wrapped in a thick red blanket. They tried to protect her from the crowd of clicking cameras and reporters demanding, \"How do you feel? How do you feel?\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The family rushed away and headed for a migrant shelter in the city where they had been staying, to find a more tranquil setting to reconnect with Filomena. They planned to spend the night there before heading back to their village outside Huehuetenango.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The family's first dinner together in months was plates of rice, beans and hot dogs, served by the shelter staff. Filomena sat between her mother and father at the table, and laughed often.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>She was excited to retrieve a white and pink teddy bear she traveled with and show it to her little brother, Marvin. Filomena then kissed the toddler on the cheek.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Next, she took a Mickey Mouse doll from her bag and, giggling, said, \"This one I brought for my little brother!\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>When she arrived from the United States, Filomena was wearing black leggings and a pink t-shirt. But by evening, her mother had changed her into a handwoven Mayan skirt and blouse, similar to Marcela's own.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>NOTE: In earlier stories, KQED spelled the girl's name Filemona, as it appeared on a U.S. court document filed by Nazario. In fact, her name is spelled Filomena, and appears that way on her Guatemalan birth certificate.\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\n",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>A 5-year-old Guatemalan girl, who spent almost three months in U.S. government custody at a shelter in New York after being separated from her father at the California border, was finally returned to her parents Tuesday in Guatemala City.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Filomena's parents, Nazario and Marcela, hugged their little girl and cried at a child welfare home run by a Guatemalan government agency. Their daughter arrived in the capital on a commercial flight, along with several other children sent home by U.S. immigration authorities. (KQED is not disclosing their last names because the parents are concerned for the family's safety).\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"It was very difficult to be separated like that,\" said Nazario, 32. \"I feel happy again to have her with us.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Nazario has been trying to regain custody of Filomena ever since May 16, when, he said, two Border Patrol agents took her from his arms in a San Diego County holding facility. The father and daughter were one of almost 3,000 families separated as a result of the Trump administration's \"zero tolerance\" policy, announced in April, to prosecute all unauthorized immigrants arrested at the border.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>U.S. authorities later prosecuted Nazario in criminal court for illegally entering the country. He said he had fled to the United States after gang members threatened his life. But he gave up his claim for asylum, believing that doing so would allow him to get his child back. He was deported on June 20 without Filomena.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Filomena was one of more than 400 children who remained in U.S. government custody after their parents were deported. Under orders from a federal judge in San Diego, immigration officials are still scrambling to locate deported parents. Legal experts worry that, in many cases, returning children to their families abroad will take much longer.\u003c/p>\n\u003caside class=\"alignright\">\n\u003ch3>Read More of KQED's Coverage of Filomena's Story\u003c/h3>\n\u003cp> \u003c/p>\n\u003cul>\n\u003cli>\u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/news/11683623/months-after-her-dad-was-deported-young-girl-still-alone-in-u-s-shelter\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Months After Her Dad Was Deported, Young Girl Still Alone in U.S. Shelter\u003c/a>\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>\u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/news/11677196/one-migrant-familys-story-of-separation-at-the-border\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">One Migrant Family's Story of Separation at the Border\u003c/a>\u003c/li>\n\u003c/ul>\n\u003c/aside>\n\u003cp>Filomena's family, including her 65-year-old grandmother and 2-year-old brother, traveled more than nine hours by foot and bus on Sunday from their village in Guatemala's western highlands to be reunited with her. Guatemalan consular officials in New York had called Nazario to tell him Filomena would arrive Tuesday at the La Aurora international airport in the capital.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Guatemalan government officials escorted Filomena and three other children in a white van from the airport to the child welfare home, where dozens of parents waited expectantly for their children to arrive.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Reporters from local and international media outlets prowled the street outside the shelter's thick wooden doors, as officials didn't allow them to enter the building for most of the day.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In the afternoon, Nazario and his family emerged, carrying Filomena wrapped in a thick red blanket. They tried to protect her from the crowd of clicking cameras and reporters demanding, \"How do you feel? How do you feel?\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The family rushed away and headed for a migrant shelter in the city where they had been staying, to find a more tranquil setting to reconnect with Filomena. They planned to spend the night there before heading back to their village outside Huehuetenango.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The family's first dinner together in months was plates of rice, beans and hot dogs, served by the shelter staff. Filomena sat between her mother and father at the table, and laughed often.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>She was excited to retrieve a white and pink teddy bear she traveled with and show it to her little brother, Marvin. Filomena then kissed the toddler on the cheek.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Next, she took a Mickey Mouse doll from her bag and, giggling, said, \"This one I brought for my little brother!\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>When she arrived from the United States, Filomena was wearing black leggings and a pink t-shirt. But by evening, her mother had changed her into a handwoven Mayan skirt and blouse, similar to Marcela's own.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>NOTE: In earlier stories, KQED spelled the girl's name Filemona, as it appeared on a U.S. court document filed by Nazario. In fact, her name is spelled Filomena, and appears that way on her Guatemalan birth certificate.\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>",
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"content": "\u003cp>A federal appeals court will hear arguments Tuesday by the state of California and advocacy groups who contend the Trump administration overreached by waiving environmental reviews to speed up construction of the president's prized border wall with Mexico.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>California is appealing \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/news/11652632/judge-sides-with-trump-on-challenge-to-mexico-border-wall\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">a decision by U.S. District Judge Gonzalo Curiel of San Diego\u003c/a>, who sided with the administration in February. The president had repeatedly berated Curiel during the 2016 campaign over an unrelated case involving fraud allegations and the now-defunct Trump University.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>At issue before a three-judge panel in Pasadena, California, is a 2005 law that gave the Homeland Security secretary broad authority to waive dozens of laws including the National Environmental Policy Act, Clean Air Act and Endangered Species Act. Those laws require time-consuming reviews and are subject to prolonged legal challenges that can delay or even derail projects.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>California argues that the waiver authority expired in 2008, when Homeland Security satisfied congressional requirements at the time on how much wall to build. The state is being joined in the appeal by the Center for Biological Diversity, the Sierra Club, Defenders of Wildlife and Animal Legal Defense Fund.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The administration has issued three waivers in the last year, two to build in parts of California and one to build in part of New Mexico. President George W. Bush's administration issued the previous five waivers, allowing the government to quickly extend barriers to about one-third of the border.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In California, the government began replacing barriers on a 14-mile stretch in San Diego and a two-mile stretch of Calexico. The waivers also cleared the way for it \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/news/11624540/30-foot-border-wall-prototypes-erected-in-san-diego-borderlands\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">to build eight prototypes in San Diego\u003c/a> to guide future designs.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Trump is seeking $25 billion over 10 years for the border wall and other border security technology and has held out the possibility of a government shutdown if Congress doesn't fund one of his signature campaign pledges. The administration received $1.6 billion this year and has requested the same amount in next year's budget, largely to build in Texas' Rio Grande Valley.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Legal challenges to border barriers have failed over the years amid national security concerns. The Congressional Research Service said in a report last year it saw no legal impediments to construction if deemed appropriate for controlling the border.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Curiel mentioned his Indiana roots in his 101-page ruling on the wall when he cited another native of the state, U.S. Supreme Court Chief Justice John Roberts, who wrote in another case that courts should not make policy judgments.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"The court cannot and does not consider whether the underlying decisions to construct border barriers are politically wise or prudent,\" Curiel wrote.\u003c/p>\n\n",
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"id": "bbc-world-service",
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"info": "The day's top stories from BBC News compiled twice daily in the week, once at weekends.",
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"imageSrc": "https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/04/BBC-World-Service-Podcast-Tile-360x360-1.jpg",
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"meta": {
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},
"link": "/radio/program/bbc-world-service",
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"rss": "https://podcasts.files.bbci.co.uk/p02nq0gn.rss"
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},
"californiareport": {
"id": "californiareport",
"title": "The California Report",
"tagline": "California, day by day",
"info": "KQED’s statewide radio news program providing daily coverage of issues, trends and public policy decisions.",
"imageSrc": "https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/04/The-California-Report-Podcast-Tile-703x703-1.jpg",
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"officialWebsiteLink": "/californiareport",
"meta": {
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"source": "kqed",
"order": 8
},
"link": "/californiareport",
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}
},
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"id": "californiareportmagazine",
"title": "The California Report Magazine",
"tagline": "Your state, your stories",
"info": "Every week, The California Report Magazine takes you on a road trip for the ears: to visit the places and meet the people who make California unique. The in-depth storytelling podcast from the California Report.",
"airtime": "FRI 4:30pm-5pm, 6:30pm-7pm, 11pm-11:30pm",
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"officialWebsiteLink": "/californiareportmagazine",
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"order": 10
},
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"google": "https://podcasts.google.com/feed/aHR0cHM6Ly9mZWVkcy5tZWdhcGhvbmUuZm0vS1FJTkM3NjkwNjk1OTAz",
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},
"city-arts": {
"id": "city-arts",
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"info": "A one-hour radio program to hear celebrated writers, artists and thinkers address contemporary ideas and values, often discussing the creative process. Please note: tapes or transcripts are not available",
"imageSrc": "https://ww2.kqed.org/radio/wp-content/uploads/sites/50/2018/05/cityartsandlecture-300x300.jpg",
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"airtime": "SUN 1pm-2pm, TUE 10pm, WED 1am",
"meta": {
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"source": "City Arts & Lectures"
},
"link": "https://www.cityarts.net",
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"rss": "https://www.cityarts.net/feed/"
}
},
"closealltabs": {
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"info": "Close All Tabs breaks down how digital culture shapes our world through thoughtful insights and irreverent humor.",
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"order": 1
},
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"info": "\u003cem>Code Switch\u003c/em>, which listeners will hear in the first part of the hour, has fearless and much-needed conversations about race. Hosted by journalists of color, the show tackles the subject of race head-on, exploring how it impacts every part of society — from politics and pop culture to history, sports and more.\u003cbr />\u003cbr />\u003cem>Life Kit\u003c/em>, which will be in the second part of the hour, guides you through spaces and feelings no one prepares you for — from finances to mental health, from workplace microaggressions to imposter syndrome, from relationships to parenting. The show features experts with real world experience and shares their knowledge. Because everyone needs a little help being human.\u003cbr />\u003cbr />\u003ca href=\"https://www.npr.org/podcasts/510312/codeswitch\">\u003cem>Code Switch\u003c/em> offical site and podcast\u003c/a>\u003cbr />\u003ca href=\"https://www.npr.org/lifekit\">\u003cem>Life Kit\u003c/em> offical site and podcast\u003c/a>\u003cbr />",
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"meta": {
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"id": "commonwealth-club",
"title": "Commonwealth Club of California Podcast",
"info": "The Commonwealth Club of California is the nation's oldest and largest public affairs forum. As a non-partisan forum, The Club brings to the public airwaves diverse viewpoints on important topics. The Club's weekly radio broadcast - the oldest in the U.S., dating back to 1924 - is carried across the nation on public radio stations and is now podcasting. Our website archive features audio of our recent programs, as well as selected speeches from our long and distinguished history. This podcast feed is usually updated twice a week and is always un-edited.",
"airtime": "THU 10pm, FRI 1am",
"imageSrc": "https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/04/Commonwealth-Club-Podcast-Tile-360x360-1.jpg",
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"meta": {
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"source": "Commonwealth Club of California"
},
"link": "/radio/program/commonwealth-club",
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"google": "https://podcasts.google.com/feed/aHR0cDovL3d3dy5jb21tb253ZWFsdGhjbHViLm9yZy9hdWRpby9wb2RjYXN0L3dlZWtseS54bWw",
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"id": "forum",
"title": "Forum",
"tagline": "The conversation starts here",
"info": "KQED’s live call-in program discussing local, state, national and international issues, as well as in-depth interviews.",
"airtime": "MON-FRI 9am-11am, 10pm-11pm",
"imageSrc": "https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/04/Forum-Podcast-Tile-703x703-1.jpg",
"imageAlt": "KQED Forum with Mina Kim and Alexis Madrigal",
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"source": "kqed",
"order": 9
},
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"google": "https://podcasts.google.com/feed/aHR0cHM6Ly9mZWVkcy5tZWdhcGhvbmUuZm0vS1FJTkM5NTU3MzgxNjMz",
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"freakonomics-radio": {
"id": "freakonomics-radio",
"title": "Freakonomics Radio",
"info": "Freakonomics Radio is a one-hour award-winning podcast and public-radio project hosted by Stephen Dubner, with co-author Steve Levitt as a regular guest. It is produced in partnership with WNYC.",
"imageSrc": "https://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2018/05/freakonomicsRadio.png",
"officialWebsiteLink": "http://freakonomics.com/",
"airtime": "SUN 1am-2am, SAT 3pm-4pm",
"meta": {
"site": "radio",
"source": "WNYC"
},
"link": "/radio/program/freakonomics-radio",
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"apple": "https://itunes.apple.com/us/podcast/freakonomics-radio/id354668519",
"tuneIn": "https://tunein.com/podcasts/WNYC-Podcasts/Freakonomics-Radio-p272293/",
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},
"fresh-air": {
"id": "fresh-air",
"title": "Fresh Air",
"info": "Hosted by Terry Gross, \u003cem>Fresh Air from WHYY\u003c/em> is the Peabody Award-winning weekday magazine of contemporary arts and issues. One of public radio's most popular programs, Fresh Air features intimate conversations with today's biggest luminaries.",
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"apple": "https://itunes.apple.com/WebObjects/MZStore.woa/wa/viewPodcast?s=143441&mt=2&id=214089682&at=11l79Y&ct=nprdirectory",
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"here-and-now": {
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"info": "A live production of NPR and WBUR Boston, in collaboration with stations across the country, Here & Now reflects the fluid world of news as it's happening in the middle of the day, with timely, in-depth news, interviews and conversation. Hosted by Robin Young, Jeremy Hobson and Tonya Mosley.",
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},
"hidden-brain": {
"id": "hidden-brain",
"title": "Hidden Brain",
"info": "Shankar Vedantam uses science and storytelling to reveal the unconscious patterns that drive human behavior, shape our choices and direct our relationships.",
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"airtime": "SUN 7pm-8pm",
"meta": {
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"source": "NPR"
},
"link": "/radio/program/hidden-brain",
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"how-i-built-this": {
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"title": "How I Built This with Guy Raz",
"info": "Guy Raz dives into the stories behind some of the world's best known companies. How I Built This weaves a narrative journey about innovators, entrepreneurs and idealists—and the movements they built.",
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"airtime": "SUN 7:30pm-8pm",
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},
"link": "/radio/program/how-i-built-this",
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},
"hyphenacion": {
"id": "hyphenacion",
"title": "Hyphenación",
"tagline": "Where conversation and cultura meet",
"info": "What kind of no sabo word is Hyphenación? For us, it’s about living within a hyphenation. Like being a third-gen Mexican-American from the Texas border now living that Bay Area Chicano life. Like Xorje! Each week we bring together a couple of hyphenated Latinos to talk all about personal life choices: family, careers, relationships, belonging … everything is on the table. ",
"imageSrc": "https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2025/03/Hyphenacion_FinalAssets_PodcastTile.png",
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"order": 15
},
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},
"jerrybrown": {
"id": "jerrybrown",
"title": "The Political Mind of Jerry Brown",
"tagline": "Lessons from a lifetime in politics",
"info": "The Political Mind of Jerry Brown brings listeners the wisdom of the former Governor, Mayor, and presidential candidate. Scott Shafer interviewed Brown for more than 40 hours, covering the former governor's life and half-century in the political game – and Brown has some lessons he'd like to share. ",
"imageSrc": "https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/04/The-Political-Mind-of-Jerry-Brown-Podcast-Tile-703x703-1.jpg",
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"officialWebsiteLink": "/podcasts/jerrybrown",
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"order": 18
},
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}
},
"latino-usa": {
"id": "latino-usa",
"title": "Latino USA",
"airtime": "MON 1am-2am, SUN 6pm-7pm",
"info": "Latino USA, the radio journal of news and culture, is the only national, English-language radio program produced from a Latino perspective.",
"imageSrc": "https://ww2.kqed.org/radio/wp-content/uploads/sites/50/2018/04/latinoUsa.jpg",
"officialWebsiteLink": "http://latinousa.org/",
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},
"link": "/radio/program/latino-usa",
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"apple": "https://itunes.apple.com/WebObjects/MZStore.woa/wa/viewPodcast?s=143441&mt=2&id=79681317&at=11l79Y&ct=nprdirectory",
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"rss": "https://feeds.npr.org/510016/podcast.xml"
}
},
"marketplace": {
"id": "marketplace",
"title": "Marketplace",
"info": "Our flagship program, helmed by Kai Ryssdal, examines what the day in money delivered, through stories, conversations, newsworthy numbers and more. Updated Monday through Friday at about 3:30 p.m. PT.",
"airtime": "MON-FRI 4pm-4:30pm, MON-WED 6:30pm-7pm",
"imageSrc": "https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/04/Marketplace-Podcast-Tile-360x360-1.jpg",
"officialWebsiteLink": "https://www.marketplace.org/",
"meta": {
"site": "news",
"source": "American Public Media"
},
"link": "/radio/program/marketplace",
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"rss": "https://feeds.publicradio.org/public_feeds/marketplace-pm/rss/rss"
}
},
"masters-of-scale": {
"id": "masters-of-scale",
"title": "Masters of Scale",
"info": "Masters of Scale is an original podcast in which LinkedIn co-founder and Greylock Partner Reid Hoffman sets out to describe and prove theories that explain how great entrepreneurs take their companies from zero to a gazillion in ingenious fashion.",
"airtime": "Every other Wednesday June 12 through October 16 at 8pm (repeats Thursdays at 2am)",
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"officialWebsiteLink": "https://mastersofscale.com/",
"meta": {
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"source": "WaitWhat"
},
"link": "/radio/program/masters-of-scale",
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"rss": "https://rss.art19.com/masters-of-scale"
}
},
"mindshift": {
"id": "mindshift",
"title": "MindShift",
"tagline": "A podcast about the future of learning and how we raise our kids",
"info": "The MindShift podcast explores the innovations in education that are shaping how kids learn. Hosts Ki Sung and Katrina Schwartz introduce listeners to educators, researchers, parents and students who are developing effective ways to improve how kids learn. We cover topics like how fed-up administrators are developing surprising tactics to deal with classroom disruptions; how listening to podcasts are helping kids develop reading skills; the consequences of overparenting; and why interdisciplinary learning can engage students on all ends of the traditional achievement spectrum. This podcast is part of the MindShift education site, a division of KQED News. KQED is an NPR/PBS member station based in San Francisco. You can also visit the MindShift website for episodes and supplemental blog posts or tweet us \u003ca href=\"https://twitter.com/MindShiftKQED\">@MindShiftKQED\u003c/a> or visit us at \u003ca href=\"/mindshift\">MindShift.KQED.org\u003c/a>",
"imageSrc": "https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/04/Mindshift-Podcast-Tile-703x703-1.jpg",
"imageAlt": "KQED MindShift: How We Will Learn",
"officialWebsiteLink": "/mindshift/",
"meta": {
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"source": "kqed",
"order": 12
},
"link": "/podcasts/mindshift",
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"google": "https://podcasts.google.com/feed/aHR0cHM6Ly9mZWVkcy5tZWdhcGhvbmUuZm0vS1FJTkM1NzY0NjAwNDI5",
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}
},
"morning-edition": {
"id": "morning-edition",
"title": "Morning Edition",
"info": "\u003cem>Morning Edition\u003c/em> takes listeners around the country and the world with multi-faceted stories and commentaries every weekday. Hosts Steve Inskeep, David Greene and Rachel Martin bring you the latest breaking news and features to prepare you for the day.",
"airtime": "MON-FRI 3am-9am",
"imageSrc": "https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/04/Morning-Edition-Podcast-Tile-360x360-1.jpg",
"officialWebsiteLink": "https://www.npr.org/programs/morning-edition/",
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"link": "/radio/program/morning-edition"
},
"onourwatch": {
"id": "onourwatch",
"title": "On Our Watch",
"tagline": "Deeply-reported investigative journalism",
"info": "For decades, the process for how police police themselves has been inconsistent – if not opaque. In some states, like California, these proceedings were completely hidden. After a new police transparency law unsealed scores of internal affairs files, our reporters set out to examine these cases and the shadow world of police discipline. On Our Watch brings listeners into the rooms where officers are questioned and witnesses are interrogated to find out who this system is really protecting. Is it the officers, or the public they've sworn to serve?",
"imageSrc": "https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/04/On-Our-Watch-Podcast-Tile-703x703-1.jpg",
"imageAlt": "On Our Watch from NPR and KQED",
"officialWebsiteLink": "/podcasts/onourwatch",
"meta": {
"site": "news",
"source": "kqed",
"order": 11
},
"link": "/podcasts/onourwatch",
"subscribe": {
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"google": "https://podcasts.google.com/feed/aHR0cHM6Ly9mZWVkcy5ucHIub3JnLzUxMDM2MC9wb2RjYXN0LnhtbD9zYz1nb29nbGVwb2RjYXN0cw",
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