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"content": "\u003cp>No criminal charges will be filed against any of the 42 people associated with a caravan of Central American migrants who were arrested in a clash that ended with U.S. authorities firing tear gas into Mexico, The Associated Press has learned.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The decision not to prosecute comes despite President Trump's vow that the U.S. will not tolerate lawlessness and extensive preparations for the caravan, which \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/news/11705958/u-s-hardens-border-at-tijuana-to-prepare-for-migrant-caravan\">included deployment of thousands of active-duty troops to the border\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Rodney Scott, chief of the Border Patrol's San Diego sector, has said those arrested for illegal entry included 27 men, with the rest being women and children.\u003c/p>\n\u003caside class=\"alignright\">\n\u003ch3>\u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/news/11708306/bay-area-lawmakers-criticize-border-patrols-use-of-tear-gas-on-migrants\">Bay Area Lawmakers Criticize Border Agents' Use of Tear Gas on Migrants\u003c/a>\u003c/h3>\n\u003cfigure>\u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/news/11708306/bay-area-lawmakers-criticize-border-patrols-use-of-tear-gas-on-migrants\">\u003cimg src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2018/11/TearGas1920.jpg\" alt=\"\">\u003c/a>\u003c/figure>\n\u003c/aside>\n\u003cp>The incident occurred Sunday at the border in Tijuana, where thousands of caravan members have been \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/news/11708447/fact-check-whats-happening-on-the-u-s-mexico-border\">arriving in recent weeks\u003c/a> after fleeing poverty and violence in Central America. Most of them plan to seek asylum in the U.S. but may have to \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/news/11707927/long-waits-in-tijuana-for-migrants-seeking-u-s-refuge\">wait months\u003c/a> because the U.S. government processes only about 100 of those cases a day.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>As frustrations began to mount over the long wait, migrants marched to the border Sunday to appeal for the U.S. to speed things up. It turned unruly when four agents were struck with rocks or projectiles, and authorities responded by \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/news/11708082/u-s-agents-spray-tear-gas-at-migrants-briefly-close-tijuana-border-entry\">launching tear gas and pepper spray balls\u003c/a> to quell the unrest.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But in the end, none of the 42 people had charges brought against them for illegally entering the country or any other counts.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Customs and Border Protection, the Border Patrol's parent agency, referred only two cases to the Justice Department for prosecution, and charges were not filed because the accused had medical problems that prevented them from being held in San Diego's detention center, according to a U.S. official familiar with the cases who was not authorized to discuss the matter publicly and spoke on condition of anonymity.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Many others were not referred to the Justice Department because they were children or parents accompanying children, the official said. In June, \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/news/11677312/customs-and-border-agency-halts-many-zero-tolerance-detentions-citing-workload\">Trump retreated\u003c/a> on the administration's \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/news/11684978/the-california-report-talks-zero-tolerance-with-the-chief-patrol-agent-in-san-diego\">zero-tolerance policy\u003c/a> on prosecuting illegal entries by generally exempting people who enter the county in families.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11709075\" class=\"wp-caption alignright\" style=\"max-width: 1920px\">\u003ca href=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2018/11/GettyImages-1065219920-e1543528135200.jpg\">\u003cimg class=\"wp-image-11709075 size-full\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2018/11/GettyImages-1065219920-e1543528135200.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"1920\" height=\"1280\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Central American migrants, mostly Hondurans, cover their faces next to the bordering Tijuana River near the El Chaparral border crossing in Tijuana, Mexico, after the U.S. Border Patrol threw tear gas to disperse them after an alleged verbal dispute on Nov. 25, 2018. \u003ccite>(Guillermo Arias/AFP/Getty Images)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>The other adults were not prosecuted because Customs and Border Protection didn't have enough information to pursue charges, including the name of the arresting officers, according to the official, who said it was an extremely chaotic scene.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>U.S. authorities are working on a new system to better record evidence if similar circumstances arise in the future, the official said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The fate of the 42 immigrants remains unclear. Customs and Border Protection declined to discuss why charges weren't filed, but said they still may be subject to deportation.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"Depending on their country of citizenship and their case's final disposition, the Border Patrol may turn those people over to Immigration and Customs Enforcement,\" said spokesman Ralph DeSio.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Lauren Mack, a spokeswoman for Immigration and Customs Enforcement, said the agency could not provide information about the immigration status of the 42 arrested without names because it doesn't track people affiliated with the caravan.\u003c/p>\n\n",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But in the end, none of the 42 people had charges brought against them for illegally entering the country or any other counts.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Customs and Border Protection, the Border Patrol's parent agency, referred only two cases to the Justice Department for prosecution, and charges were not filed because the accused had medical problems that prevented them from being held in San Diego's detention center, according to a U.S. official familiar with the cases who was not authorized to discuss the matter publicly and spoke on condition of anonymity.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Many others were not referred to the Justice Department because they were children or parents accompanying children, the official said. In June, \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/news/11677312/customs-and-border-agency-halts-many-zero-tolerance-detentions-citing-workload\">Trump retreated\u003c/a> on the administration's \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/news/11684978/the-california-report-talks-zero-tolerance-with-the-chief-patrol-agent-in-san-diego\">zero-tolerance policy\u003c/a> on prosecuting illegal entries by generally exempting people who enter the county in families.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11709075\" class=\"wp-caption alignright\" style=\"max-width: 1920px\">\u003ca href=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2018/11/GettyImages-1065219920-e1543528135200.jpg\">\u003cimg class=\"wp-image-11709075 size-full\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2018/11/GettyImages-1065219920-e1543528135200.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"1920\" height=\"1280\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Central American migrants, mostly Hondurans, cover their faces next to the bordering Tijuana River near the El Chaparral border crossing in Tijuana, Mexico, after the U.S. Border Patrol threw tear gas to disperse them after an alleged verbal dispute on Nov. 25, 2018. \u003ccite>(Guillermo Arias/AFP/Getty Images)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>The other adults were not prosecuted because Customs and Border Protection didn't have enough information to pursue charges, including the name of the arresting officers, according to the official, who said it was an extremely chaotic scene.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>U.S. authorities are working on a new system to better record evidence if similar circumstances arise in the future, the official said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The fate of the 42 immigrants remains unclear. Customs and Border Protection declined to discuss why charges weren't filed, but said they still may be subject to deportation.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"Depending on their country of citizenship and their case's final disposition, the Border Patrol may turn those people over to Immigration and Customs Enforcement,\" said spokesman Ralph DeSio.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Lauren Mack, a spokeswoman for Immigration and Customs Enforcement, said the agency could not provide information about the immigration status of the 42 arrested without names because it doesn't track people affiliated with the caravan.\u003c/p>\n\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>",
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"content": "\u003cp>The newsroom Rosario Mosso helps to lead, in a placid Tijuana residential neighborhood, is internationally known for its relentless investigative stories exposing organized crime and corruption in a region plagued by drug trafficking and cartel wars.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Cartel members have threatened to kill Mosso because of her work at the weekly newspaper Zeta. And three colleagues at Zeta have been shot dead since 1988. So for months at a time, Mosso has lived and worked under the protection of army and police bodyguards.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“What we do is keep working,” said Mosso, 50, who won the Courage in Journalism award from the International Women’s Media Foundation in Washington, D.C., this month. “We don’t let them scare us, and that’s the most important thing.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>A central mission of the newspaper is to independently track murders in Tijuana, and analyze the changing criminal dynamics that lead to the killings. The paper also endeavors to publish the names of everyone killed, people whose bodies are often left at restaurants, on street corners and hanging from overpasses, she said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But Mosso is now sending reporters to cover a new concern for Tijuanans: the arrival of more than \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/news/11708447/fact-check-whats-happening-on-the-u-s-mexico-border\">6,000 Central American migrants\u003c/a>, most of whom are cramped in a makeshift shelter at a public sports complex, just a stone’s throw from the U.S. border.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11708838\" class=\"wp-caption alignnone\" style=\"max-width: 1800px\">\u003ca href=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2018/11/RS34086_migrant-caravan-shelter-FINAL-03-qut.jpg\">\u003cimg class=\"size-full wp-image-11708838\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2018/11/RS34086_migrant-caravan-shelter-FINAL-03-qut.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"1800\" height=\"1198\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2018/11/RS34086_migrant-caravan-shelter-FINAL-03-qut.jpg 1800w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2018/11/RS34086_migrant-caravan-shelter-FINAL-03-qut-160x106.jpg 160w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2018/11/RS34086_migrant-caravan-shelter-FINAL-03-qut-800x532.jpg 800w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2018/11/RS34086_migrant-caravan-shelter-FINAL-03-qut-1020x679.jpg 1020w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2018/11/RS34086_migrant-caravan-shelter-FINAL-03-qut-1200x799.jpg 1200w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2018/11/RS34086_migrant-caravan-shelter-FINAL-03-qut-1180x785.jpg 1180w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2018/11/RS34086_migrant-caravan-shelter-FINAL-03-qut-960x639.jpg 960w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2018/11/RS34086_migrant-caravan-shelter-FINAL-03-qut-240x160.jpg 240w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2018/11/RS34086_migrant-caravan-shelter-FINAL-03-qut-375x250.jpg 375w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2018/11/RS34086_migrant-caravan-shelter-FINAL-03-qut-520x346.jpg 520w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 1800px) 100vw, 1800px\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">People wait in line to enter a city sports facility that has been converted into a temporary shelter for a migrant caravan in Tijuana on Nov. 20, 2018. \u003ccite>(David Maung/KQED)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003cbr>\nMany of the migrants with the caravan say they are fleeing death threats and violence in Central America. But they have landed in Mexico’s most violent city. Tijuana had 1,618 homicide cases in 2017, \u003ca href=\"https://justiceinmexico.org/wp-content/uploads/2018/04/180411_DrugViolenceinMexico-12mb.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">according to\u003c/a> official statistics.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Migrants seeking asylum in the U.S. must now wait in Tijuana—potentially for several months—as U.S. border authorities slowly process claims. U.S. Customs and Border Protection officials have recently been accepting roughly 20 to 100 asylum applications per day. Meanwhile, the Trump administration is reportedly trying to negotiate an agreement with incoming officials of Mexico’s President-elect Andrés Manuel López Obrador, to require Central American asylum applicants to remain in Mexico while their applications are adjudicated in U.S. immigration courts.\u003c/p>\n\u003caside class=\"alignright\">\n\u003ch3>\u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/news/11707927/long-waits-in-tijuana-for-migrants-seeking-u-s-refuge\">Caravan Members Face Long Waits in Tijuana, Alongside Other Migrants Seeking U.S. Refuge\u003c/a>\u003c/h3>\n\u003cfigure>\u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/news/11707927/long-waits-in-tijuana-for-migrants-seeking-u-s-refuge\">\u003cimg src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2018/11/RS34068_chaparral-FINAL-01-qut-1180x785.jpg\" alt=\"\">\u003c/a>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp> \u003c/p>\n\u003c/aside>\n\u003cp>And as the migrants find themselves in limbo in Tijuana, the city’s murder rate continues to rise. More homicides were recorded in the first nine months of 2018 than in all of 2017, said David Shirk, who directs the \u003ca href=\"https://justiceinmexico.org\">Justice in Mexico Project \u003c/a>at the University of San Diego. He said that’s because violence has become decentralized, as large cartels give way to smaller drug dealers who are also fighting for turf.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Organized crime groups that had established control over the city have begun to experience clashes again, particularly since the capture of 'El Chapo' Guzman,” said Shirk, referring to Joaquin Guzman, the drug lord who was extradited to the U.S. in 2017 and is now on trial in federal court in Manhattan.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“But the conflicts now seem to be going on at a much lower level, neighborhood to neighborhood, street corner to street corner,” said Shirk.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Mosso, the Zeta editor, said she doesn’t believe Central American migrants are getting drawn into the drug trade in any significant way. But migrants are often victims of robberies, kidnappings, extortions and other crimes, especially those who travel on their own in Mexico.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The reason so many Central Americans have decided to join the caravan is that it offers safety in numbers, said Mosso. Still, \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/news/11706843/tijuana-struggles-to-shelter-migrants-combat-hostility-of-some-local-residents\">Tijuana is not prepared\u003c/a> to handle the basic and long-term needs of so many newcomers at once, she said.\u003c/p>\n\u003caside class=\"pullquote alignright\">'This problem is going to be here for a long time, and we have to figure out how to address it.' \u003ccite>Rosario Mosso, award-winning journalist and editor at Zeta\u003c/cite>\u003c/aside>\n\u003cp>“Tijuana has a culture of support toward migrants,” said Mosso, a Tijuana native. “But migrants are still coming, and it’s a tense situation, a situation we are not prepared for.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>So far, Mosso has not seen organized crime groups significantly targeting caravan members. But that could change with time, she said, the longer migrants linger in Tijuana.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Customs and Border Protection officials have said that their capacity to handle asylum cases is restricted by factors such as limited detention space at the San Ysidro port of entry, and the translation and medical needs of migrants.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Depending upon port circumstances at the time of arrival, individuals presenting without documents may need to wait in Mexico as CBP officers work to process those already within our facilities,” said a CBP spokesperson in a statement released earlier this month.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11708836\" class=\"wp-caption alignnone\" style=\"max-width: 1920px\">\u003ca href=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2018/11/RS34206_Zeta_06-qut.jpg\">\u003cimg class=\"size-full wp-image-11708836\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2018/11/RS34206_Zeta_06-qut.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"1920\" height=\"1280\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2018/11/RS34206_Zeta_06-qut.jpg 1920w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2018/11/RS34206_Zeta_06-qut-160x107.jpg 160w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2018/11/RS34206_Zeta_06-qut-800x533.jpg 800w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2018/11/RS34206_Zeta_06-qut-1020x680.jpg 1020w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2018/11/RS34206_Zeta_06-qut-1200x800.jpg 1200w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 1920px) 100vw, 1920px\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Rosario Mosso stands next to awards earned by the newspaper she leads on Nov. 20, 2018. \u003ccite>(Erin Siegal McIntyre/KQED)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>As of last week, the waiting list to see a U.S. official at the pedestrian border crossing in Tijuana already had the names of more than 4,000 people, with new arrivals being told they would probably wait about two months in Tijuana. Wait times are expected to multiply as more caravan members arrive in the city, unless U.S. officials process people faster.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“And so we are making people wait,” said Shirk, the professor at USD. “Those people are therefore being exposed to greater danger for a longer period of time than is necessary. And it’s also creating resentments in Tijuana, as people who have no contacts, have no resources, are flooding the streets.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Mosso said some Tijuanans fear migrants with the caravan could contribute to the insecurity in their city, with organized crime potentially recruiting caravan members to sell drugs. Mosso said her job at Zeta is to fact-check such fears and provide readers with information and context, so that tensions in the city don’t escalate even more.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“This problem is going to be here for a long time, and we have to figure out how to address it,” said Mosso.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>The newsroom Rosario Mosso helps to lead, in a placid Tijuana residential neighborhood, is internationally known for its relentless investigative stories exposing organized crime and corruption in a region plagued by drug trafficking and cartel wars.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Cartel members have threatened to kill Mosso because of her work at the weekly newspaper Zeta. And three colleagues at Zeta have been shot dead since 1988. So for months at a time, Mosso has lived and worked under the protection of army and police bodyguards.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“What we do is keep working,” said Mosso, 50, who won the Courage in Journalism award from the International Women’s Media Foundation in Washington, D.C., this month. “We don’t let them scare us, and that’s the most important thing.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>A central mission of the newspaper is to independently track murders in Tijuana, and analyze the changing criminal dynamics that lead to the killings. The paper also endeavors to publish the names of everyone killed, people whose bodies are often left at restaurants, on street corners and hanging from overpasses, she said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But Mosso is now sending reporters to cover a new concern for Tijuanans: the arrival of more than \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/news/11708447/fact-check-whats-happening-on-the-u-s-mexico-border\">6,000 Central American migrants\u003c/a>, most of whom are cramped in a makeshift shelter at a public sports complex, just a stone’s throw from the U.S. border.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11708838\" class=\"wp-caption alignnone\" style=\"max-width: 1800px\">\u003ca href=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2018/11/RS34086_migrant-caravan-shelter-FINAL-03-qut.jpg\">\u003cimg class=\"size-full wp-image-11708838\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2018/11/RS34086_migrant-caravan-shelter-FINAL-03-qut.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"1800\" height=\"1198\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2018/11/RS34086_migrant-caravan-shelter-FINAL-03-qut.jpg 1800w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2018/11/RS34086_migrant-caravan-shelter-FINAL-03-qut-160x106.jpg 160w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2018/11/RS34086_migrant-caravan-shelter-FINAL-03-qut-800x532.jpg 800w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2018/11/RS34086_migrant-caravan-shelter-FINAL-03-qut-1020x679.jpg 1020w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2018/11/RS34086_migrant-caravan-shelter-FINAL-03-qut-1200x799.jpg 1200w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2018/11/RS34086_migrant-caravan-shelter-FINAL-03-qut-1180x785.jpg 1180w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2018/11/RS34086_migrant-caravan-shelter-FINAL-03-qut-960x639.jpg 960w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2018/11/RS34086_migrant-caravan-shelter-FINAL-03-qut-240x160.jpg 240w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2018/11/RS34086_migrant-caravan-shelter-FINAL-03-qut-375x250.jpg 375w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2018/11/RS34086_migrant-caravan-shelter-FINAL-03-qut-520x346.jpg 520w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 1800px) 100vw, 1800px\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">People wait in line to enter a city sports facility that has been converted into a temporary shelter for a migrant caravan in Tijuana on Nov. 20, 2018. \u003ccite>(David Maung/KQED)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cbr>\nMany of the migrants with the caravan say they are fleeing death threats and violence in Central America. But they have landed in Mexico’s most violent city. Tijuana had 1,618 homicide cases in 2017, \u003ca href=\"https://justiceinmexico.org/wp-content/uploads/2018/04/180411_DrugViolenceinMexico-12mb.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">according to\u003c/a> official statistics.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Migrants seeking asylum in the U.S. must now wait in Tijuana—potentially for several months—as U.S. border authorities slowly process claims. U.S. Customs and Border Protection officials have recently been accepting roughly 20 to 100 asylum applications per day. Meanwhile, the Trump administration is reportedly trying to negotiate an agreement with incoming officials of Mexico’s President-elect Andrés Manuel López Obrador, to require Central American asylum applicants to remain in Mexico while their applications are adjudicated in U.S. immigration courts.\u003c/p>\n\u003caside class=\"alignright\">\n\u003ch3>\u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/news/11707927/long-waits-in-tijuana-for-migrants-seeking-u-s-refuge\">Caravan Members Face Long Waits in Tijuana, Alongside Other Migrants Seeking U.S. Refuge\u003c/a>\u003c/h3>\n\u003cfigure>\u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/news/11707927/long-waits-in-tijuana-for-migrants-seeking-u-s-refuge\">\u003cimg src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2018/11/RS34068_chaparral-FINAL-01-qut-1180x785.jpg\" alt=\"\">\u003c/a>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp> \u003c/p>\n\u003c/aside>\n\u003cp>And as the migrants find themselves in limbo in Tijuana, the city’s murder rate continues to rise. More homicides were recorded in the first nine months of 2018 than in all of 2017, said David Shirk, who directs the \u003ca href=\"https://justiceinmexico.org\">Justice in Mexico Project \u003c/a>at the University of San Diego. He said that’s because violence has become decentralized, as large cartels give way to smaller drug dealers who are also fighting for turf.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Organized crime groups that had established control over the city have begun to experience clashes again, particularly since the capture of 'El Chapo' Guzman,” said Shirk, referring to Joaquin Guzman, the drug lord who was extradited to the U.S. in 2017 and is now on trial in federal court in Manhattan.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“But the conflicts now seem to be going on at a much lower level, neighborhood to neighborhood, street corner to street corner,” said Shirk.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Mosso, the Zeta editor, said she doesn’t believe Central American migrants are getting drawn into the drug trade in any significant way. But migrants are often victims of robberies, kidnappings, extortions and other crimes, especially those who travel on their own in Mexico.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The reason so many Central Americans have decided to join the caravan is that it offers safety in numbers, said Mosso. Still, \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/news/11706843/tijuana-struggles-to-shelter-migrants-combat-hostility-of-some-local-residents\">Tijuana is not prepared\u003c/a> to handle the basic and long-term needs of so many newcomers at once, she said.\u003c/p>\n\u003caside class=\"pullquote alignright\">'This problem is going to be here for a long time, and we have to figure out how to address it.' \u003ccite>Rosario Mosso, award-winning journalist and editor at Zeta\u003c/cite>\u003c/aside>\n\u003cp>“Tijuana has a culture of support toward migrants,” said Mosso, a Tijuana native. “But migrants are still coming, and it’s a tense situation, a situation we are not prepared for.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>So far, Mosso has not seen organized crime groups significantly targeting caravan members. But that could change with time, she said, the longer migrants linger in Tijuana.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Customs and Border Protection officials have said that their capacity to handle asylum cases is restricted by factors such as limited detention space at the San Ysidro port of entry, and the translation and medical needs of migrants.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Depending upon port circumstances at the time of arrival, individuals presenting without documents may need to wait in Mexico as CBP officers work to process those already within our facilities,” said a CBP spokesperson in a statement released earlier this month.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11708836\" class=\"wp-caption alignnone\" style=\"max-width: 1920px\">\u003ca href=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2018/11/RS34206_Zeta_06-qut.jpg\">\u003cimg class=\"size-full wp-image-11708836\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2018/11/RS34206_Zeta_06-qut.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"1920\" height=\"1280\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2018/11/RS34206_Zeta_06-qut.jpg 1920w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2018/11/RS34206_Zeta_06-qut-160x107.jpg 160w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2018/11/RS34206_Zeta_06-qut-800x533.jpg 800w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2018/11/RS34206_Zeta_06-qut-1020x680.jpg 1020w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2018/11/RS34206_Zeta_06-qut-1200x800.jpg 1200w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 1920px) 100vw, 1920px\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Rosario Mosso stands next to awards earned by the newspaper she leads on Nov. 20, 2018. \u003ccite>(Erin Siegal McIntyre/KQED)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>As of last week, the waiting list to see a U.S. official at the pedestrian border crossing in Tijuana already had the names of more than 4,000 people, with new arrivals being told they would probably wait about two months in Tijuana. Wait times are expected to multiply as more caravan members arrive in the city, unless U.S. officials process people faster.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“And so we are making people wait,” said Shirk, the professor at USD. “Those people are therefore being exposed to greater danger for a longer period of time than is necessary. And it’s also creating resentments in Tijuana, as people who have no contacts, have no resources, are flooding the streets.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Mosso said some Tijuanans fear migrants with the caravan could contribute to the insecurity in their city, with organized crime potentially recruiting caravan members to sell drugs. Mosso said her job at Zeta is to fact-check such fears and provide readers with information and context, so that tensions in the city don’t escalate even more.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“This problem is going to be here for a long time, and we have to figure out how to address it,” said Mosso.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>",
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"content": "\u003cp>A few days after U.S. Customs and Border Protection \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/news/11708306/bay-area-lawmakers-criticize-border-patrols-use-of-tear-gas-on-migrants\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">fired tear gas\u003c/a> into Mexico, Central American migrants are \u003ca href=\"http://bit.ly/fioresqualid\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">living in squalid conditions\u003c/a> as they await asylum hearings.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Men, women and children are packed into a neighborhood sports complex in Tijuana where conditions appear ripe for health problems.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>https://www.youtube.com/watch?time_continue=3&v=siZ8FECuz8I\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The migrants who fled violence in Central America may find that \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/news/11708831/veteran-tijuana-journalist-citys-record-homicides-not-affecting-migrants-yet\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Tijuana has its own share of despair\u003c/a>, too.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n",
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"excerpt": "A few days after U.S. Customs and Border Protection fired tear gas into Mexico, Central American migrants are living in squalid conditions as they await asylum hearings.",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>A few days after U.S. Customs and Border Protection \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/news/11708306/bay-area-lawmakers-criticize-border-patrols-use-of-tear-gas-on-migrants\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">fired tear gas\u003c/a> into Mexico, Central American migrants are \u003ca href=\"http://bit.ly/fioresqualid\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">living in squalid conditions\u003c/a> as they await asylum hearings.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Men, women and children are packed into a neighborhood sports complex in Tijuana where conditions appear ripe for health problems.\u003c/p>\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003cspan class='utils-parseShortcode-shortcodes-__youtubeShortcode__embedYoutube'>\n \u003cspan class='utils-parseShortcode-shortcodes-__youtubeShortcode__embedYoutubeInside'>\n \u003ciframe\n loading='lazy'\n class='utils-parseShortcode-shortcodes-__youtubeShortcode__youtubePlayer'\n type='text/html'\n src='//www.youtube.com/embed/siZ8FECuz8I'\n title='//www.youtube.com/embed/siZ8FECuz8I'\n allowfullscreen='true'\n style='border:0;'>\u003c/iframe>\n \u003c/span>\n \u003c/span>\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003cp>The migrants who fled violence in Central America may find that \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/news/11708831/veteran-tijuana-journalist-citys-record-homicides-not-affecting-migrants-yet\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Tijuana has its own share of despair\u003c/a>, too.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"disqusTitle": "FACT CHECK: What's Happening on the U.S.-Mexico Border?",
"title": "FACT CHECK: What's Happening on the U.S.-Mexico Border?",
"headTitle": "The California Report | KQED News",
"content": "\u003cp>\u003cstrong>\u003cem>Have a question about the migrant caravan for KQED? Ask it \u003ca href=\"https://modules.wearehearken.com/kqed/embed/2414/share\">here\u003c/a> -- and we may look into it. \u003c/em>\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The situation at the San Ysidro Land Port of Entry has been chaotic and confusing in recent days. And reactions from the American public suggest that photos and footage from the scene serve as a sort of Rorschach test.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>On Sunday, for instance, U.S. agents closed a major border crossing and \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/news/11708082/u-s-agents-spray-tear-gas-at-migrants-briefly-close-tijuana-border-entry\">fired tear gas at migrants\u003c/a> attempting to cross into the U.S. from Tijuana, Mexico. The migrants, many of whom had been part of a caravan of Central American asylum-seekers, were protesting the slow pace with which the U.S. has been processing asylum claims.\u003c/p>\n\u003caside class=\"alignright\">\n\u003ch3>\u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/news/11708219/tear-gassing-asylum-seekers\">Tear-Gassing Asylum-Seekers\u003c/a>\u003c/h3>\n\u003cfigure>\u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/news/11708219/tear-gassing-asylum-seekers\">\u003cimg src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2018/11/running_112618_final-1180x758.jpg\" alt=\"\">\u003c/a>\u003c/figure>\n\u003c/aside>\n\u003cp>For supporters of President Trump who advocate a crackdown on immigration, the events of Sunday showed migrants storming a protected border, confirming fears of an \"invasion\" of migrants defying U.S. laws.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>For Trump's critics and pro-immigration activists, the scene showed American patrol agents firing tear gas at an unarmed crowd, including children, reinforcing horror over the way the U.S. is treating immigrants.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Here's what we know about what's happening on the border.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Is the U.S.-Mexico border currently closed? \u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>No. The border has not been shut down. One port of entry was closed for a few hours on Sunday but has since reopened.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The port of entry in question — San Ysidro — is a big one. It's the busiest land border crossing in the Western Hemisphere. An average of 90,000 people pass north through the crossing each day, 70,000 in cars and 20,000 by foot.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11708501\" class=\"wp-caption alignnone\" style=\"max-width: 1800px\">\u003ca href=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2018/11/RS34148_migrant-caravan-shelter-FINAL-03-qut.jpg\">\u003cimg class=\"wp-image-11708501 size-full\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2018/11/RS34148_migrant-caravan-shelter-FINAL-03-qut.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"1800\" height=\"1198\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2018/11/RS34148_migrant-caravan-shelter-FINAL-03-qut.jpg 1800w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2018/11/RS34148_migrant-caravan-shelter-FINAL-03-qut-160x106.jpg 160w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2018/11/RS34148_migrant-caravan-shelter-FINAL-03-qut-800x532.jpg 800w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2018/11/RS34148_migrant-caravan-shelter-FINAL-03-qut-1020x679.jpg 1020w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2018/11/RS34148_migrant-caravan-shelter-FINAL-03-qut-1200x799.jpg 1200w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 1800px) 100vw, 1800px\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">People wait in line to enter a city sports facility that has been converted into a temporary shelter for people from a migrant caravan of mostly Hondurans who are arriving in Tijuana on Nov. 20, 2018. \u003ccite>(David Maung/KQED)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Could President Trump seal the border if he wished? \u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Yes. It is difficult to completely secure a border more than 1,900 miles long, but ports of entry could be shut down, \u003ca href=\"https://www.usatoday.com/story/news/politics/2018/10/18/trump-threatens-seal-southern-border-over-migrant-caravan-can-he/1684534002/\">as USA Today explains. \u003c/a>There is some precedent for such an action, although it's extreme.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>And as \u003ca href=\"https://qz.com/1428513/what-happens-if-trump-closes-the-us-mexico-border/\">Quartz notes\u003c/a>, that would only delay — not eliminate — the United States' legal responsibility to hear asylum claims.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>How many people are waiting in Mexico, hoping to cross into the U.S.? \u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003caside class=\"alignright\">\n\u003ch3>\u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/news/11707927/long-waits-in-tijuana-for-migrants-seeking-u-s-refuge\">Caravan Members Face Long Waits in Tijuana, Alongside Other Migrants Seeking U.S. Refuge\u003c/a>\u003c/h3>\n\u003cfigure>\u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/news/11707927/long-waits-in-tijuana-for-migrants-seeking-u-s-refuge\">\u003cimg src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2018/11/RS34068_chaparral-FINAL-01-qut-1180x785.jpg\" alt=\"\">\u003c/a>\u003c/figure>\n\u003c/aside>\n\u003cp>More than 5,000 migrants from Central America have reached the border town of Tijuana, as part of the caravan that traveled some 3,000 miles. Most are from Honduras, where gang violence is widespread and \u003ca href=\"https://www.npr.org/2012/02/12/146758628/who-rules-in-honduras-a-coups-lasting-impact\">a 2009 coup\u003c/a> triggered an ongoing political crisis. The U.S. has long played a key role in Honduran politics.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>All told, more than 7,000 migrants with the caravan have reached the state of Baja California, where Tijuana is located, according to the Mexican government.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>And there were other migrants waiting in Tijuana even before the caravan members began to arrive, reporter James Fredrick notes.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Several hundred migrants were involved in the confrontation on Sunday.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Why were the migrants protesting over the weekend?\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Many of the migrants say they want to seek asylum in the U.S., which is not illegal — in fact, the right to seek asylum is protected by both U.S. and international law.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>However, authorities at legal border crossings have been limiting the number of people who can request asylum. Only 40 to 100 people are allowed each day, Fredrick says.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"People in the caravan who want to request asylum, they're looking at months to even be heard first by U.S. authorities, and then for that claim to be processed can take months or even years,\" Fredrick tells NPR.\u003c/p>\n\u003caside class=\"alignright\">\n\u003ch3>\u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/news/11705361/trumps-move-to-limit-asylum-is-challenged-in-court\">Trump's Move to Limit Asylum is Challenged in Court\u003c/a>\u003c/h3>\n\u003cfigure>\u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/news/11705361/trumps-move-to-limit-asylum-is-challenged-in-court\">\u003cimg src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2018/11/RS32045_IMG_1721-qut-1180x787.jpg\" alt=\"\">\u003c/a>\u003c/figure>\n\u003c/aside>\n\u003cp>Migrants were protesting that delay.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>A spokesman for CBP told NPR's Joel Rose that San Ysidro is limited by its facilities, which can hold up to 300 people, and that the port of entry can process about 100 people per day under ideal conditions.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The federal government is aware that asylum-seekers face a backlog. A report from the Department of Homeland Security's Office of Inspector General \u003ca href=\"https://www.oig.dhs.gov/sites/default/files/assets/2018-10/OIG-18-84-Sep18.pdf\">published in September\u003c/a> described the issue.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The U.S. government has encouraged all asylum-seekers to go to ports of entry, rather than along the rest of the border. At the same time, authorities are limiting the volume of asylum-seekers allowed at ports of entry. The \"competing directives\" have created a backlog, OIG found, likely causing more migrants to enter the country illegally.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Earlier this month the Trump administration \u003ca href=\"https://www.npr.org/2018/11/09/666038481/trump-administration-aims-to-deny-asylum-to-migrants-who-enter-u-s-illegally\">announced new measures\u003c/a> aimed at denying asylum to migrants who enter the country illegally. A federal court later \u003ca href=\"https://www.npr.org/2018/11/20/669471110/federal-court-blocks-trump-administrations-asylum-ban\">blocked\u003c/a> that effort.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>What happened on Sunday? \u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>It was a peaceful protest at first, says Fredrick, who witnessed the events in Tijuana. Mexican federal police attempted to contain the crowd, but some migrants were able to pass the Mexican police.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"They went down into this kind of riverbank, where there is not that giant steel fence that divides the U.S. and Mexico,\" he says. \"It's a chain-link fence and barbed wire. A group of them started pushing up against that fence.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>At that point, U.S. agents began firing tear gas into the crowd for the first time. Tear gas was used again several times.\u003c/p>\n\u003caside class=\"alignright\">\n\u003ch3>\u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/news/11708306/bay-area-lawmakers-criticize-border-patrols-use-of-tear-gas-on-migrants\">Bay Area Lawmakers Criticize Border Agents' Use of Tear Gas on Migrants\u003c/a>\u003c/h3>\n\u003cfigure>\u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/news/11708306/bay-area-lawmakers-criticize-border-patrols-use-of-tear-gas-on-migrants\">\u003cimg src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2018/11/TearGas1920.jpg\" alt=\"\">\u003c/a>\u003c/figure>\n\u003c/aside>\n\u003cp>It was a windy day, and the tear gas drifted at least half a mile, Fredrick \u003ca href=\"https://www.npr.org/2018/11/25/670695100/u-s-closes-major-san-diego-port-of-entry-as-migrants-converge-at-border\">reported Sunday\u003c/a>. Families with children, including some far from the altercation at the fence, felt its effects.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Ninety-eight migrants were arrested by Mexican authorities south of the border.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Rodney Scott, chief patrol agent of the San Diego Sector Border Patrol, \u003ca href=\"https://twitter.com/NewDay/status/1067046163881189382\">told CNN on Monday\u003c/a> that about 42 people were arrested on the U.S. side of the border, including eight women and \"a few children.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Some of the migrants threw rocks, and Border Patrol agents \"deployed tear gas to protect themselves and to protect the border,\" Scott said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>He said several agents were struck by rocks but were not injured because they were wearing tactical gear, including helmets and bulletproof vests.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11708519\" class=\"wp-caption alignnone\" style=\"max-width: 1920px\">\u003ca href=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2018/11/GettyImages-1072797630-e1543359019799.jpg\">\u003cimg class=\"wp-image-11708519 size-full\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2018/11/GettyImages-1072797630-e1543359019799.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"1920\" height=\"1310\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2018/11/GettyImages-1072797630-e1543359019799.jpg 1920w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2018/11/GettyImages-1072797630-e1543359019799-160x109.jpg 160w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2018/11/GettyImages-1072797630-e1543359019799-800x546.jpg 800w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2018/11/GettyImages-1072797630-e1543359019799-1020x696.jpg 1020w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2018/11/GettyImages-1072797630-e1543359019799-1200x819.jpg 1200w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 1920px) 100vw, 1920px\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">U.S. Border Patrol agents stand watch on the U.S. side of the U.S.-Mexico border fence at dusk on Nov. 26, 2018, in Tijuana, Mexico. \u003ccite>(Mario Tama/Getty Images)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>What's the role of the military along the border? \u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>President Trump has sent nearly 6,000 U.S. troops, including military engineers and military police, to the U.S.-Mexico border to support Customs and Border Protection. The military police are not supposed to carry out law enforcement duties, but they can protect CBP officials.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>While local police and CBP agents have firepower, military leaders and spokesmen have repeatedly said that the military police at the border are unarmed. Secretary of Defense James Mattis said Wednesday that military police would carry shields and batons, not firearms.\u003c/p>\n\u003caside class=\"alignright\">\n\u003ch3>\u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/news/11705958/u-s-hardens-border-at-tijuana-to-prepare-for-migrant-caravan\">U.S. Hardens Border at Tijuana to Prepare for Migrant Caravan\u003c/a>\u003c/h3>\n\u003cfigure>\u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/news/11705958/u-s-hardens-border-at-tijuana-to-prepare-for-migrant-caravan\">\u003cimg src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2018/11/GettyImages-1061160044-1180x787.jpg\" alt=\"\">\u003c/a>\u003c/figure>\n\u003c/aside>\n\u003cp>Armed Border Patrol tactical units are deployed at the border to protect Border Patrol agents. Backing up these tactical units are unarmed military police with protective shields and batons. The military police are not supposed to engage migrants but are there in a support role to back up the Border Patrol.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>A total of 1,800 troops are in California as of Monday, an increase compared with recent weeks. Some of the military police — it's not clear how many — participated in the border action over the weekend.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>U.S. Northern Command said the military provided nonlethal assistance, did not have contact with migrants and were not involved in deploying tear gas.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>It's not yet clear what their role was.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Does the military have authorization to use lethal force?\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>President Trump has said that he's \"given the OK\" for U.S. forces to \"use lethal force\" against the migrant caravan.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But according to a White House memo from last week, which was acquired by multiple media outlets, the decision to use lethal force is limited to protecting federal agents — and at the discretion of the secretary of Defense.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>And Mattis, in a briefing last week, said that the Department of Homeland Security has issued no call for lethal force. On Monday, CBP \u003ca href=\"https://www.cbp.gov/newsroom/spotlights/moving-people-and-materials-cbp-and-dod-unite-tackle-logistics-operation-secure\">described\u003c/a> the military's role as helping put up barriers along the border — with no mention of force.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The memo expanding the military's powers was signed by White House Chief of Staff John Kelly, which is unusual. It was \u003ca href=\"https://www.politico.com/story/2018/11/22/kelly-nielsen-debate-border-troops-1012547\">reportedly\u003c/a> opposed by both Mattis and Secretary of Homeland Security Kirstjen Nielsen.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>U.S. troops have always had the right to act in their own self-defense.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11708492\" class=\"wp-caption alignnone\" style=\"max-width: 1920px\">\u003ca href=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2018/11/RS34171_Caravana_11152018_006-qut.jpg\">\u003cimg class=\"size-full wp-image-11708492\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2018/11/RS34171_Caravana_11152018_006-qut.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"1920\" height=\"1280\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2018/11/RS34171_Caravana_11152018_006-qut.jpg 1920w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2018/11/RS34171_Caravana_11152018_006-qut-160x107.jpg 160w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2018/11/RS34171_Caravana_11152018_006-qut-800x533.jpg 800w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2018/11/RS34171_Caravana_11152018_006-qut-1020x680.jpg 1020w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2018/11/RS34171_Caravana_11152018_006-qut-1200x800.jpg 1200w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 1920px) 100vw, 1920px\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">In the Mexican border city of Tijuana, thousands of Central American migrants traveling together in an exodus known as the \"Caravan\" continued arriving in the city Nov. 15, 2018. Here, migrants rest in the temporary shelter operated by the Mexican government at the Unidad Deportiva Benito Juárez sports center. \u003ccite>(Erin Siegal McIntyre/KQED)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Are the number of border crossings increasing or at a historic high? \u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>No. As \u003ca href=\"https://www.npr.org/2018/11/02/663532238/fact-check-migrants-are-not-overwhelming-the-southwest-border\">Joel Rose reported this month,\u003c/a> the total number of migrants apprehended at the border last year is actually down slightly, to about 521,000, and remains far below the numbers that were routine in the 1990s and 2000s.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The difference, according to the Trump administration, is the kind of migrants turning up at the border. In the past, migrants were largely single adults who could be deported quickly. Today's migrants are more likely from Central America and part of family units. That means they have greater protections under U.S. law, and it may take months or years to deport them. In the meantime, hundreds of thousands have been released into this country, awaiting their day in court.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Has the U.S. made a deal with Mexico that would keep asylum-seekers south of the border as their claims are processed? \u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>It appears that the initial reports of a deal between the U.S. and Mexico to keep asylum-seekers in Mexico were premature, but not inaccurate.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>The Washington Post\u003c/em> first \u003ca href=\"https://www.washingtonpost.com/world/national-security/deal-with-mexico-paves-way-for-asylum-overhaul-at-us-border/2018/11/24/87b9570a-ef74-11e8-9236-bb94154151d2_story.html?utm_term=.013e07e46a26\">reported\u003c/a> on Saturday that a tentative deal with Mexico had been reached, adding that \"no formal agreement has been signed.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>The Post\u003c/em> offered these details:\u003c/p>\n\u003cblockquote>\u003cp>\"According to outlines of the plan, known as Remain in Mexico, asylum applicants at the border will have to stay in Mexico while their cases are processed, potentially ending the system, which Trump decries as 'catch and release,'\" that has generally allowed those seeking refuge to wait on safer U.S. soil.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"For now, we have agreed to this policy of Remain in Mexico,\" said Olga Sánchez Cordero, Mexico's incoming interior minister, the top domestic policy official for López Obrador, who takes office Dec. 1. In an interview with The Washington Post, she called it a 'short-term solution.'\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"The medium- and long-term solution is that people don't migrate,\" Sánchez Cordero said. 'Mexico has open arms and everything, but imagine one caravan after another after another. That would also be a problem for us.'\"\u003c/p>\u003c/blockquote>\n\u003cp>Within hours, the incoming Mexican government appeared to pull back from the deal. In a \u003ca href=\"https://lopezobrador.org.mx/2018/11/24/respuesta-de-olga-sanchez-cordero-a-the-washington-post/\">statement\u003c/a>, Sánchez Cordero declared that \"there is no agreement of any kind\" between the U.S. and Mexican governments, \"since the next president, Andrés Manuel López Obrador, will take office on December 1.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>However, the statement doesn't really deny that there have been some negotiations between the two countries on how to handle the migrant caravan. It also implies that López Obrador's incoming government cannot yet announce any deal, if there is one, because he has not taken authority.\u003c/p>\n\u003caside class=\"alignright\">\n\u003ch3>\u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/news/11706843/tijuana-struggles-to-shelter-migrants-combat-hostility-of-some-local-residents\">Tijuana Struggles to Shelter Migrants, Combat Hostility of Some Local Residents\u003c/a>\u003c/h3>\n\u003cfigure>\u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/news/11706843/tijuana-struggles-to-shelter-migrants-combat-hostility-of-some-local-residents\">\u003cimg src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2018/11/Peluqueria_005-e1542403507849.jpg\" alt=\"\">\u003c/a>\u003c/figure>\n\u003c/aside>\n\u003cp>The statement does say that Mexico won't become a \"safe third country\" for the asylum-seekers. That refers to a specific arrangement sought by American officials under which the Central American migrants would be required to seek asylum in Mexico rather than in the U.S. As \u003cem>The Post\u003c/em> \u003ca href=\"https://www.washingtonpost.com/world/the_americas/us-and-mexico-discussing-a-deal-that-could-slash-migration-at-the-border/2018/07/10/34e68f72-7ef2-11e8-a63f-7b5d2aba7ac5_story.html?utm_term=.97ef1ac4a905\">reported\u003c/a> in July, the Mexican government never warmed up to that idea.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Under the \"Remain in Mexico\" policy, \u003cem>The Post \u003c/em>\u003ca href=\"https://www.washingtonpost.com/world/national-security/trump-plan-would-force-asylum-seekers-to-wait-in-mexico-as-cases-are-processed-a-major-break-with-current-policy/2018/11/21/5ad47e82-ede8-11e8-9236-bb94154151d2_story.html?utm_term=.93fbff154c3a\">reports\u003c/a> asylum-seekers would be screened in interviews allowing them to claim a \"credible fear\" of persecution in their homeland if they return there. They also would have to establish a \"reasonable fear\" of persecution in Mexico if they remain there. Only those determined to have a \"reasonable fear\" of staying in Mexico would be allowed into the U.S. to await an asylum hearing. All others would have to wait in Mexico to apply for asylum.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Immigrant advocates say they are monitoring the reports of negotiations between the two governments.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"We are going to wait to see precisely what the president proposes,\" said Lee Gelernt, an attorney with the American Civil Liberties Union (ACLU) in an interview with NPR.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad floatright]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"But one thing we know right off the bat is that it cannot be legal unless they can assure all the asylum-seekers who will be stranded in Mexico ... will be safe — not only from persecution by state actors in Mexico, but by criminal gangs. And from what we know about what's going on, we see no likelihood that that is going to be true. And so because that's part of the legal analysis, whether the asylum-seekers will be safe in Mexico, we can't imagine any proposal will be legal.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cdiv class=\"fullattribution\">Copyright 2018 NPR. To see more, visit \u003ca href=\"https://www.npr.org\">https://www.npr.org\u003c/a>.\u003cimg src=\"https://www.google-analytics.com/__utm.gif?utmac=UA-5828686-4&utmdt=FACT+CHECK%3A+What%27s+Happening+On+The+U.S.-Mexico+Border%3F&utme=8(APIKey)9(MDAxOTAwOTE4MDEyMTkxMDAzNjczZDljZA004)\">\u003c/div>\n\n",
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"excerpt": "On Sunday, U.S. agents fired tear gas at migrants trying to cross into San Diego from Tijuana, Mexico. The migrants were protesting the slow pace with which the U.S. has been processing asylum claims.",
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"description": "On Sunday, U.S. agents fired tear gas at migrants trying to cross into San Diego from Tijuana, Mexico. The migrants were protesting the slow pace with which the U.S. has been processing asylum claims.",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>\u003cstrong>\u003cem>Have a question about the migrant caravan for KQED? Ask it \u003ca href=\"https://modules.wearehearken.com/kqed/embed/2414/share\">here\u003c/a> -- and we may look into it. \u003c/em>\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The situation at the San Ysidro Land Port of Entry has been chaotic and confusing in recent days. And reactions from the American public suggest that photos and footage from the scene serve as a sort of Rorschach test.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>On Sunday, for instance, U.S. agents closed a major border crossing and \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/news/11708082/u-s-agents-spray-tear-gas-at-migrants-briefly-close-tijuana-border-entry\">fired tear gas at migrants\u003c/a> attempting to cross into the U.S. from Tijuana, Mexico. The migrants, many of whom had been part of a caravan of Central American asylum-seekers, were protesting the slow pace with which the U.S. has been processing asylum claims.\u003c/p>\n\u003caside class=\"alignright\">\n\u003ch3>\u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/news/11708219/tear-gassing-asylum-seekers\">Tear-Gassing Asylum-Seekers\u003c/a>\u003c/h3>\n\u003cfigure>\u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/news/11708219/tear-gassing-asylum-seekers\">\u003cimg src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2018/11/running_112618_final-1180x758.jpg\" alt=\"\">\u003c/a>\u003c/figure>\n\u003c/aside>\n\u003cp>For supporters of President Trump who advocate a crackdown on immigration, the events of Sunday showed migrants storming a protected border, confirming fears of an \"invasion\" of migrants defying U.S. laws.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>For Trump's critics and pro-immigration activists, the scene showed American patrol agents firing tear gas at an unarmed crowd, including children, reinforcing horror over the way the U.S. is treating immigrants.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Here's what we know about what's happening on the border.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Is the U.S.-Mexico border currently closed? \u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>No. The border has not been shut down. One port of entry was closed for a few hours on Sunday but has since reopened.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The port of entry in question — San Ysidro — is a big one. It's the busiest land border crossing in the Western Hemisphere. An average of 90,000 people pass north through the crossing each day, 70,000 in cars and 20,000 by foot.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11708501\" class=\"wp-caption alignnone\" style=\"max-width: 1800px\">\u003ca href=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2018/11/RS34148_migrant-caravan-shelter-FINAL-03-qut.jpg\">\u003cimg class=\"wp-image-11708501 size-full\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2018/11/RS34148_migrant-caravan-shelter-FINAL-03-qut.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"1800\" height=\"1198\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2018/11/RS34148_migrant-caravan-shelter-FINAL-03-qut.jpg 1800w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2018/11/RS34148_migrant-caravan-shelter-FINAL-03-qut-160x106.jpg 160w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2018/11/RS34148_migrant-caravan-shelter-FINAL-03-qut-800x532.jpg 800w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2018/11/RS34148_migrant-caravan-shelter-FINAL-03-qut-1020x679.jpg 1020w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2018/11/RS34148_migrant-caravan-shelter-FINAL-03-qut-1200x799.jpg 1200w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 1800px) 100vw, 1800px\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">People wait in line to enter a city sports facility that has been converted into a temporary shelter for people from a migrant caravan of mostly Hondurans who are arriving in Tijuana on Nov. 20, 2018. \u003ccite>(David Maung/KQED)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Could President Trump seal the border if he wished? \u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Yes. It is difficult to completely secure a border more than 1,900 miles long, but ports of entry could be shut down, \u003ca href=\"https://www.usatoday.com/story/news/politics/2018/10/18/trump-threatens-seal-southern-border-over-migrant-caravan-can-he/1684534002/\">as USA Today explains. \u003c/a>There is some precedent for such an action, although it's extreme.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>And as \u003ca href=\"https://qz.com/1428513/what-happens-if-trump-closes-the-us-mexico-border/\">Quartz notes\u003c/a>, that would only delay — not eliminate — the United States' legal responsibility to hear asylum claims.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>How many people are waiting in Mexico, hoping to cross into the U.S.? \u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003caside class=\"alignright\">\n\u003ch3>\u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/news/11707927/long-waits-in-tijuana-for-migrants-seeking-u-s-refuge\">Caravan Members Face Long Waits in Tijuana, Alongside Other Migrants Seeking U.S. Refuge\u003c/a>\u003c/h3>\n\u003cfigure>\u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/news/11707927/long-waits-in-tijuana-for-migrants-seeking-u-s-refuge\">\u003cimg src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2018/11/RS34068_chaparral-FINAL-01-qut-1180x785.jpg\" alt=\"\">\u003c/a>\u003c/figure>\n\u003c/aside>\n\u003cp>More than 5,000 migrants from Central America have reached the border town of Tijuana, as part of the caravan that traveled some 3,000 miles. Most are from Honduras, where gang violence is widespread and \u003ca href=\"https://www.npr.org/2012/02/12/146758628/who-rules-in-honduras-a-coups-lasting-impact\">a 2009 coup\u003c/a> triggered an ongoing political crisis. The U.S. has long played a key role in Honduran politics.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>All told, more than 7,000 migrants with the caravan have reached the state of Baja California, where Tijuana is located, according to the Mexican government.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>And there were other migrants waiting in Tijuana even before the caravan members began to arrive, reporter James Fredrick notes.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Several hundred migrants were involved in the confrontation on Sunday.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Why were the migrants protesting over the weekend?\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Many of the migrants say they want to seek asylum in the U.S., which is not illegal — in fact, the right to seek asylum is protected by both U.S. and international law.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>However, authorities at legal border crossings have been limiting the number of people who can request asylum. Only 40 to 100 people are allowed each day, Fredrick says.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"People in the caravan who want to request asylum, they're looking at months to even be heard first by U.S. authorities, and then for that claim to be processed can take months or even years,\" Fredrick tells NPR.\u003c/p>\n\u003caside class=\"alignright\">\n\u003ch3>\u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/news/11705361/trumps-move-to-limit-asylum-is-challenged-in-court\">Trump's Move to Limit Asylum is Challenged in Court\u003c/a>\u003c/h3>\n\u003cfigure>\u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/news/11705361/trumps-move-to-limit-asylum-is-challenged-in-court\">\u003cimg src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2018/11/RS32045_IMG_1721-qut-1180x787.jpg\" alt=\"\">\u003c/a>\u003c/figure>\n\u003c/aside>\n\u003cp>Migrants were protesting that delay.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>A spokesman for CBP told NPR's Joel Rose that San Ysidro is limited by its facilities, which can hold up to 300 people, and that the port of entry can process about 100 people per day under ideal conditions.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The federal government is aware that asylum-seekers face a backlog. A report from the Department of Homeland Security's Office of Inspector General \u003ca href=\"https://www.oig.dhs.gov/sites/default/files/assets/2018-10/OIG-18-84-Sep18.pdf\">published in September\u003c/a> described the issue.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The U.S. government has encouraged all asylum-seekers to go to ports of entry, rather than along the rest of the border. At the same time, authorities are limiting the volume of asylum-seekers allowed at ports of entry. The \"competing directives\" have created a backlog, OIG found, likely causing more migrants to enter the country illegally.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Earlier this month the Trump administration \u003ca href=\"https://www.npr.org/2018/11/09/666038481/trump-administration-aims-to-deny-asylum-to-migrants-who-enter-u-s-illegally\">announced new measures\u003c/a> aimed at denying asylum to migrants who enter the country illegally. A federal court later \u003ca href=\"https://www.npr.org/2018/11/20/669471110/federal-court-blocks-trump-administrations-asylum-ban\">blocked\u003c/a> that effort.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>What happened on Sunday? \u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>It was a peaceful protest at first, says Fredrick, who witnessed the events in Tijuana. Mexican federal police attempted to contain the crowd, but some migrants were able to pass the Mexican police.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"They went down into this kind of riverbank, where there is not that giant steel fence that divides the U.S. and Mexico,\" he says. \"It's a chain-link fence and barbed wire. A group of them started pushing up against that fence.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>At that point, U.S. agents began firing tear gas into the crowd for the first time. Tear gas was used again several times.\u003c/p>\n\u003caside class=\"alignright\">\n\u003ch3>\u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/news/11708306/bay-area-lawmakers-criticize-border-patrols-use-of-tear-gas-on-migrants\">Bay Area Lawmakers Criticize Border Agents' Use of Tear Gas on Migrants\u003c/a>\u003c/h3>\n\u003cfigure>\u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/news/11708306/bay-area-lawmakers-criticize-border-patrols-use-of-tear-gas-on-migrants\">\u003cimg src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2018/11/TearGas1920.jpg\" alt=\"\">\u003c/a>\u003c/figure>\n\u003c/aside>\n\u003cp>It was a windy day, and the tear gas drifted at least half a mile, Fredrick \u003ca href=\"https://www.npr.org/2018/11/25/670695100/u-s-closes-major-san-diego-port-of-entry-as-migrants-converge-at-border\">reported Sunday\u003c/a>. Families with children, including some far from the altercation at the fence, felt its effects.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Ninety-eight migrants were arrested by Mexican authorities south of the border.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Rodney Scott, chief patrol agent of the San Diego Sector Border Patrol, \u003ca href=\"https://twitter.com/NewDay/status/1067046163881189382\">told CNN on Monday\u003c/a> that about 42 people were arrested on the U.S. side of the border, including eight women and \"a few children.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Some of the migrants threw rocks, and Border Patrol agents \"deployed tear gas to protect themselves and to protect the border,\" Scott said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>He said several agents were struck by rocks but were not injured because they were wearing tactical gear, including helmets and bulletproof vests.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11708519\" class=\"wp-caption alignnone\" style=\"max-width: 1920px\">\u003ca href=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2018/11/GettyImages-1072797630-e1543359019799.jpg\">\u003cimg class=\"wp-image-11708519 size-full\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2018/11/GettyImages-1072797630-e1543359019799.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"1920\" height=\"1310\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2018/11/GettyImages-1072797630-e1543359019799.jpg 1920w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2018/11/GettyImages-1072797630-e1543359019799-160x109.jpg 160w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2018/11/GettyImages-1072797630-e1543359019799-800x546.jpg 800w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2018/11/GettyImages-1072797630-e1543359019799-1020x696.jpg 1020w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2018/11/GettyImages-1072797630-e1543359019799-1200x819.jpg 1200w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 1920px) 100vw, 1920px\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">U.S. Border Patrol agents stand watch on the U.S. side of the U.S.-Mexico border fence at dusk on Nov. 26, 2018, in Tijuana, Mexico. \u003ccite>(Mario Tama/Getty Images)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>What's the role of the military along the border? \u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>President Trump has sent nearly 6,000 U.S. troops, including military engineers and military police, to the U.S.-Mexico border to support Customs and Border Protection. The military police are not supposed to carry out law enforcement duties, but they can protect CBP officials.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>While local police and CBP agents have firepower, military leaders and spokesmen have repeatedly said that the military police at the border are unarmed. Secretary of Defense James Mattis said Wednesday that military police would carry shields and batons, not firearms.\u003c/p>\n\u003caside class=\"alignright\">\n\u003ch3>\u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/news/11705958/u-s-hardens-border-at-tijuana-to-prepare-for-migrant-caravan\">U.S. Hardens Border at Tijuana to Prepare for Migrant Caravan\u003c/a>\u003c/h3>\n\u003cfigure>\u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/news/11705958/u-s-hardens-border-at-tijuana-to-prepare-for-migrant-caravan\">\u003cimg src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2018/11/GettyImages-1061160044-1180x787.jpg\" alt=\"\">\u003c/a>\u003c/figure>\n\u003c/aside>\n\u003cp>Armed Border Patrol tactical units are deployed at the border to protect Border Patrol agents. Backing up these tactical units are unarmed military police with protective shields and batons. The military police are not supposed to engage migrants but are there in a support role to back up the Border Patrol.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>A total of 1,800 troops are in California as of Monday, an increase compared with recent weeks. Some of the military police — it's not clear how many — participated in the border action over the weekend.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>U.S. Northern Command said the military provided nonlethal assistance, did not have contact with migrants and were not involved in deploying tear gas.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>It's not yet clear what their role was.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Does the military have authorization to use lethal force?\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>President Trump has said that he's \"given the OK\" for U.S. forces to \"use lethal force\" against the migrant caravan.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But according to a White House memo from last week, which was acquired by multiple media outlets, the decision to use lethal force is limited to protecting federal agents — and at the discretion of the secretary of Defense.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>And Mattis, in a briefing last week, said that the Department of Homeland Security has issued no call for lethal force. On Monday, CBP \u003ca href=\"https://www.cbp.gov/newsroom/spotlights/moving-people-and-materials-cbp-and-dod-unite-tackle-logistics-operation-secure\">described\u003c/a> the military's role as helping put up barriers along the border — with no mention of force.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The memo expanding the military's powers was signed by White House Chief of Staff John Kelly, which is unusual. It was \u003ca href=\"https://www.politico.com/story/2018/11/22/kelly-nielsen-debate-border-troops-1012547\">reportedly\u003c/a> opposed by both Mattis and Secretary of Homeland Security Kirstjen Nielsen.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>U.S. troops have always had the right to act in their own self-defense.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11708492\" class=\"wp-caption alignnone\" style=\"max-width: 1920px\">\u003ca href=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2018/11/RS34171_Caravana_11152018_006-qut.jpg\">\u003cimg class=\"size-full wp-image-11708492\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2018/11/RS34171_Caravana_11152018_006-qut.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"1920\" height=\"1280\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2018/11/RS34171_Caravana_11152018_006-qut.jpg 1920w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2018/11/RS34171_Caravana_11152018_006-qut-160x107.jpg 160w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2018/11/RS34171_Caravana_11152018_006-qut-800x533.jpg 800w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2018/11/RS34171_Caravana_11152018_006-qut-1020x680.jpg 1020w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2018/11/RS34171_Caravana_11152018_006-qut-1200x800.jpg 1200w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 1920px) 100vw, 1920px\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">In the Mexican border city of Tijuana, thousands of Central American migrants traveling together in an exodus known as the \"Caravan\" continued arriving in the city Nov. 15, 2018. Here, migrants rest in the temporary shelter operated by the Mexican government at the Unidad Deportiva Benito Juárez sports center. \u003ccite>(Erin Siegal McIntyre/KQED)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Are the number of border crossings increasing or at a historic high? \u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>No. As \u003ca href=\"https://www.npr.org/2018/11/02/663532238/fact-check-migrants-are-not-overwhelming-the-southwest-border\">Joel Rose reported this month,\u003c/a> the total number of migrants apprehended at the border last year is actually down slightly, to about 521,000, and remains far below the numbers that were routine in the 1990s and 2000s.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The difference, according to the Trump administration, is the kind of migrants turning up at the border. In the past, migrants were largely single adults who could be deported quickly. Today's migrants are more likely from Central America and part of family units. That means they have greater protections under U.S. law, and it may take months or years to deport them. In the meantime, hundreds of thousands have been released into this country, awaiting their day in court.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Has the U.S. made a deal with Mexico that would keep asylum-seekers south of the border as their claims are processed? \u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>It appears that the initial reports of a deal between the U.S. and Mexico to keep asylum-seekers in Mexico were premature, but not inaccurate.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>The Washington Post\u003c/em> first \u003ca href=\"https://www.washingtonpost.com/world/national-security/deal-with-mexico-paves-way-for-asylum-overhaul-at-us-border/2018/11/24/87b9570a-ef74-11e8-9236-bb94154151d2_story.html?utm_term=.013e07e46a26\">reported\u003c/a> on Saturday that a tentative deal with Mexico had been reached, adding that \"no formal agreement has been signed.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>The Post\u003c/em> offered these details:\u003c/p>\n\u003cblockquote>\u003cp>\"According to outlines of the plan, known as Remain in Mexico, asylum applicants at the border will have to stay in Mexico while their cases are processed, potentially ending the system, which Trump decries as 'catch and release,'\" that has generally allowed those seeking refuge to wait on safer U.S. soil.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"For now, we have agreed to this policy of Remain in Mexico,\" said Olga Sánchez Cordero, Mexico's incoming interior minister, the top domestic policy official for López Obrador, who takes office Dec. 1. In an interview with The Washington Post, she called it a 'short-term solution.'\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"The medium- and long-term solution is that people don't migrate,\" Sánchez Cordero said. 'Mexico has open arms and everything, but imagine one caravan after another after another. That would also be a problem for us.'\"\u003c/p>\u003c/blockquote>\n\u003cp>Within hours, the incoming Mexican government appeared to pull back from the deal. In a \u003ca href=\"https://lopezobrador.org.mx/2018/11/24/respuesta-de-olga-sanchez-cordero-a-the-washington-post/\">statement\u003c/a>, Sánchez Cordero declared that \"there is no agreement of any kind\" between the U.S. and Mexican governments, \"since the next president, Andrés Manuel López Obrador, will take office on December 1.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>However, the statement doesn't really deny that there have been some negotiations between the two countries on how to handle the migrant caravan. It also implies that López Obrador's incoming government cannot yet announce any deal, if there is one, because he has not taken authority.\u003c/p>\n\u003caside class=\"alignright\">\n\u003ch3>\u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/news/11706843/tijuana-struggles-to-shelter-migrants-combat-hostility-of-some-local-residents\">Tijuana Struggles to Shelter Migrants, Combat Hostility of Some Local Residents\u003c/a>\u003c/h3>\n\u003cfigure>\u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/news/11706843/tijuana-struggles-to-shelter-migrants-combat-hostility-of-some-local-residents\">\u003cimg src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2018/11/Peluqueria_005-e1542403507849.jpg\" alt=\"\">\u003c/a>\u003c/figure>\n\u003c/aside>\n\u003cp>The statement does say that Mexico won't become a \"safe third country\" for the asylum-seekers. That refers to a specific arrangement sought by American officials under which the Central American migrants would be required to seek asylum in Mexico rather than in the U.S. As \u003cem>The Post\u003c/em> \u003ca href=\"https://www.washingtonpost.com/world/the_americas/us-and-mexico-discussing-a-deal-that-could-slash-migration-at-the-border/2018/07/10/34e68f72-7ef2-11e8-a63f-7b5d2aba7ac5_story.html?utm_term=.97ef1ac4a905\">reported\u003c/a> in July, the Mexican government never warmed up to that idea.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Under the \"Remain in Mexico\" policy, \u003cem>The Post \u003c/em>\u003ca href=\"https://www.washingtonpost.com/world/national-security/trump-plan-would-force-asylum-seekers-to-wait-in-mexico-as-cases-are-processed-a-major-break-with-current-policy/2018/11/21/5ad47e82-ede8-11e8-9236-bb94154151d2_story.html?utm_term=.93fbff154c3a\">reports\u003c/a> asylum-seekers would be screened in interviews allowing them to claim a \"credible fear\" of persecution in their homeland if they return there. They also would have to establish a \"reasonable fear\" of persecution in Mexico if they remain there. Only those determined to have a \"reasonable fear\" of staying in Mexico would be allowed into the U.S. to await an asylum hearing. All others would have to wait in Mexico to apply for asylum.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Immigrant advocates say they are monitoring the reports of negotiations between the two governments.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"We are going to wait to see precisely what the president proposes,\" said Lee Gelernt, an attorney with the American Civil Liberties Union (ACLU) in an interview with NPR.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"But one thing we know right off the bat is that it cannot be legal unless they can assure all the asylum-seekers who will be stranded in Mexico ... will be safe — not only from persecution by state actors in Mexico, but by criminal gangs. And from what we know about what's going on, we see no likelihood that that is going to be true. And so because that's part of the legal analysis, whether the asylum-seekers will be safe in Mexico, we can't imagine any proposal will be legal.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cdiv class=\"fullattribution\">Copyright 2018 NPR. To see more, visit \u003ca href=\"https://www.npr.org\">https://www.npr.org\u003c/a>.\u003cimg src=\"https://www.google-analytics.com/__utm.gif?utmac=UA-5828686-4&utmdt=FACT+CHECK%3A+What%27s+Happening+On+The+U.S.-Mexico+Border%3F&utme=8(APIKey)9(MDAxOTAwOTE4MDEyMTkxMDAzNjczZDljZA004)\">\u003c/div>\n\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>",
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"content": "\u003cp>Bay Area members of Congress responded on Monday to the U.S. Customs and Border Protection's \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/news/11708082/u-s-agents-spray-tear-gas-at-migrants-briefly-close-tijuana-border-entry\">use of tear gas on migrants\u003c/a> at the U.S.-Mexico border over the weekend.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Agents reportedly used tear gas at the San Ysidro Land Port of Entry, which was shut down for some time Sunday. \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/news/11707927/long-waits-in-tijuana-for-migrants-seeking-u-s-refuge\">Tensions flared\u003c/a> after scores of migrants broke off from a protest march in Tijuana and tried to get over the border and into the United States. The migrants who continued to the border were met by U.S. border agents who sprayed tear gas.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Peninsula congresswoman Jackie Speier called for an investigation into whether Sunday’s use of tear gas constitutes undue force.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"Seeing moms with children in diapers being repelled by it doesn’t seem appropriate,\" she said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Meanwhile, East Bay Rep. Eric Swalwell said the incident raises serious questions.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"Tear gas is a form of chemical weapon and I’m interested in learning more about whether any treaties were violated,\" he said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Swalwell added that Democrats will take a look at the situation at the border after they take control of the U.S. House of Representatives in January.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"In a new Congress, we will make sure that we do all we can to use our leverage to make sure that families at the border are not separated, that we are not funding the use of tear gas or any other type of weapon and that we are conducting oversight to make sure that we are not violating any international laws by using our military either to engage with another country at the border or to have our military perform law enforcement duties without being properly being designated to do so,\" he said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In a tweet, East Bay congresswoman Barbara Lee repeated her call for United Nations inspectors on the border.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>https://twitter.com/RepBarbaraLee/status/1067154930866229264\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In recent months, thousands of migrants from Central America have arrived in Tijuana, many hoping to seek asylum in the U.S. But that process is extremely slow.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>KQED reported on Nov. 21 that there were \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/news/11707927/long-waits-in-tijuana-for-migrants-seeking-u-s-refuge\">already more than 4,000 names on a list of people waiting to be processed for asylum\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Mexican officials are calling for the U.S. to improve the process. But the Trump administration has focused on \"hardening\" the border and preventing illegal entries.\u003c/p>\n\n",
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"excerpt": "Bay Area members of Congress are responding to the U.S. Customs and Border Protection's use of tear gas on migrants in Tijuana over the weekend.\r\n",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>Bay Area members of Congress responded on Monday to the U.S. Customs and Border Protection's \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/news/11708082/u-s-agents-spray-tear-gas-at-migrants-briefly-close-tijuana-border-entry\">use of tear gas on migrants\u003c/a> at the U.S.-Mexico border over the weekend.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Agents reportedly used tear gas at the San Ysidro Land Port of Entry, which was shut down for some time Sunday. \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/news/11707927/long-waits-in-tijuana-for-migrants-seeking-u-s-refuge\">Tensions flared\u003c/a> after scores of migrants broke off from a protest march in Tijuana and tried to get over the border and into the United States. The migrants who continued to the border were met by U.S. border agents who sprayed tear gas.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Peninsula congresswoman Jackie Speier called for an investigation into whether Sunday’s use of tear gas constitutes undue force.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"Seeing moms with children in diapers being repelled by it doesn’t seem appropriate,\" she said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Meanwhile, East Bay Rep. Eric Swalwell said the incident raises serious questions.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"Tear gas is a form of chemical weapon and I’m interested in learning more about whether any treaties were violated,\" he said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Swalwell added that Democrats will take a look at the situation at the border after they take control of the U.S. House of Representatives in January.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"In a new Congress, we will make sure that we do all we can to use our leverage to make sure that families at the border are not separated, that we are not funding the use of tear gas or any other type of weapon and that we are conducting oversight to make sure that we are not violating any international laws by using our military either to engage with another country at the border or to have our military perform law enforcement duties without being properly being designated to do so,\" he said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In a tweet, East Bay congresswoman Barbara Lee repeated her call for United Nations inspectors on the border.\u003c/p>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cp>U.S. agents \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/news/11708082/u-s-agents-spray-tear-gas-at-migrants-briefly-close-tijuana-border-entry\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">fired tear gas\u003c/a> at a group of migrants on Sunday.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Fewer than 100 asylum applications are being processed each day as \u003ca href=\"http://bit.ly/fioreasylumwait\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">over 4,000 asylum seekers wait in Tijuana\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Guillén López, the incoming director of Mexico’s immigration agency said, “it looks like we are at the border between North and South Korea,” while a U.S. Customs and Border Protection spokesman said the agency processes undocumented migrants as “expeditiously as possible.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n",
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"disqusTitle": "Caravan Members Face Long Waits in Tijuana, Alongside Other Migrants Seeking U.S. Refuge",
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"content": "\u003cp>\u003cem>Updated Monday, Nov. 26, at 1:15 p.m. \u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Tensions flared at the Tijuana-San Diego border on Sunday, after scores of impatient Central American migrants broke off from a protest march in Tijuana that numbered in the hundreds, and tried to get over the border and into the United States.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In anticipation, U.S. Customs and Border Protection agents had closed the San Ysidro port of entry to all vehicle and pedestrian traffic earlier in the day . As some migrants threw rocks and attempted to breach the border fence, CBP agents fired tear gas into Mexico and arrested 42 people who entered the U.S. There were also reports that Mexican police had arrested additional protesters in Tijuana.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Some Central American migrants told news outlets that they were marching to the border to attract attention to their plight and express frustration with the long wait to present their asylum claims to U.S. immigration authorities. But the thousands who recently arrived in a migrant caravan are not the only ones waiting.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>For the past six weeks, Styves Sama has been coming every morning to the El Chaparral border crossing in Tijuana, and waiting anxiously for his number -- 1,119 -- to be called. Sama, 36, said he feels dismayed by the daily trickle of asylum-seekers allowed to see U.S. authorities at the port of entry.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“It’s a little bit disturbing, because spending all this money from Africa to be here ... I have nothing left with me,\" said Sama, a former crane operator from Cameroon.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Sama traveled to the border to ask the U.S. for asylum. He said his government arrested and tortured him.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“I’m not going to America for pleasure, I’m not going for job. I’m going to America because my life is in danger,” he said, wearing a red New York Yankees baseball hat.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11707964\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 1800px\">\u003cimg class=\"size-full wp-image-11707964\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2018/11/RS34067_chaparral-FINAL-03-qut.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"1800\" height=\"1198\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2018/11/RS34067_chaparral-FINAL-03-qut.jpg 1800w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2018/11/RS34067_chaparral-FINAL-03-qut-160x106.jpg 160w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2018/11/RS34067_chaparral-FINAL-03-qut-800x532.jpg 800w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2018/11/RS34067_chaparral-FINAL-03-qut-1020x679.jpg 1020w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2018/11/RS34067_chaparral-FINAL-03-qut-1200x799.jpg 1200w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 1800px) 100vw, 1800px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Styves Sama, from Cameroon, waits near the U.S.-Mexico border pedestrian crossing on Nov. 21, 2018, to check on his position on a waiting list for people seeking asylum in the U.S. \u003ccite>(David Maung)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>As hundreds of Central American migrants with the caravan continue to arrive in Tijuana, others seeking refuge in the U.S. worry wait times will worsen.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The Trump administration has focused significant resources on “hardening” the border and preventing illegal entries. But just days before Mexico’s president-elect, Andres Manuel Lopez Obrador, takes office Dec. 1, officials with his incoming administration want the U.S. to do more to help ease a potential migrant crisis along a border both countries share.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Tonatiuh Guillén López, who will soon head Mexico’s national immigration agency, said he intends to push the U.S. to process migrants more quickly and reduce the bottleneck at ports of entry.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“I hope we can agree that the processing flow needs to be greater,” said Guillén López, a former academic in Tijuana who led Mexico’s immigration policy at the Instituto Nacional de Migración.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“We are going to start a much-needed dialogue on this issue” with U.S. authorities, he said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11707965\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 1800px\">\u003cimg class=\"wp-image-11707965 size-full\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2018/11/RS34066_press-conference-FINAL-07-qut.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"1800\" height=\"1198\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2018/11/RS34066_press-conference-FINAL-07-qut.jpg 1800w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2018/11/RS34066_press-conference-FINAL-07-qut-160x106.jpg 160w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2018/11/RS34066_press-conference-FINAL-07-qut-800x532.jpg 800w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2018/11/RS34066_press-conference-FINAL-07-qut-1020x679.jpg 1020w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2018/11/RS34066_press-conference-FINAL-07-qut-1200x799.jpg 1200w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 1800px) 100vw, 1800px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Tonatiuh Guillén López, incoming director of Mexico's immigration agency (Instituto Nacional de Migracion), speaks to reporters after a presentation in Tijuana on Nov. 20, 2018. \u003ccite>(David Maung)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>On Nov. 21 at the El Chaparral border crossing, volunteers yelled out 40 names of people whose turn had come to ask U.S. officials for refuge. The asylum-seekers had come here from Russia, Central America and other countries.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The list of migrants waiting there already has 4,200 names.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>U.S. Customs and Border Protection processes undocumented migrants as “expeditiously as possible,” said a spokesman for the agency. The number of individuals CBP can process depends on factors such as the complexity of their cases, translation requirements and detention space, he said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Port of Entry facilities were not designed to hold hundreds of people at a time who may be seeking asylum. And we are also charged with keeping the flow of legitimate trade and travel,” said the CBP spokesman in a statement. “Balancing these demands, keeping illicit goods and people out of the country, and managing the influx of Central Americans seeking asylum … requires a careful balance of our resources and space.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Guillén López said the barbed wire, barriers and soldiers don’t belong at the busy international crossing with San Diego, a region with a long history of cooperation.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“It looks like we are at the border between North and South Korea,” he said. “Those images don’t belong in this region.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The commercial exchange between San Diego and Tijuana is worth $2.1 million per day, according to the San Diego Regional Chamber of Commerce.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>For now, as many as 5,000 Central American migrants with the caravan milled around a sports complex turned into a migrant shelter in Tijuana, while dozens more arrived with weary faces and dusty bags.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“The situation is not easy,” said Maria Oriana, as her 4-year-old grandson clutched her leg. “My heart aches to know the boy has to sleep on the ground.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The monthlong journey from Honduras was especially tough for her grandson, she said, adding that her family had fled violence and gang threats. Now Oriana realizes it could be months before they can ask for refuge in the U.S.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Other migrants at the shelter said they felt sick, and as temperatures get colder at night, some looked for blankets and hoodies among donations being distributed by volunteers.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Tijuanans say the city is struggling to accommodate thousands of Central American migrants for a stretch of months or longer. That pressure was compounded Sunday when U.S. authorities closed the San Ysidro port of entry entirely. That came after officials shut down 10 out of 26 northbound vehicle lanes at the border crossing last week.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>CBP officials said the goal was to prevent migrants from illegally rushing in, and to install concertina wires and jersey barriers.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But Marco Antonio Sotomayor Amezcua, Tijuana’s head of public safety, said the ports of entry should remain open, because they are critical to the city.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad floatright]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The San Ysidro border crossing is among the busiest in the world. More than 100,000 people traverse north every day, said Pete Flores, director of field operations for the CBP San Diego office at a recent press conference.\u003c/p>\n\n",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>\u003cem>Updated Monday, Nov. 26, at 1:15 p.m. \u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Tensions flared at the Tijuana-San Diego border on Sunday, after scores of impatient Central American migrants broke off from a protest march in Tijuana that numbered in the hundreds, and tried to get over the border and into the United States.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In anticipation, U.S. Customs and Border Protection agents had closed the San Ysidro port of entry to all vehicle and pedestrian traffic earlier in the day . As some migrants threw rocks and attempted to breach the border fence, CBP agents fired tear gas into Mexico and arrested 42 people who entered the U.S. There were also reports that Mexican police had arrested additional protesters in Tijuana.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Some Central American migrants told news outlets that they were marching to the border to attract attention to their plight and express frustration with the long wait to present their asylum claims to U.S. immigration authorities. But the thousands who recently arrived in a migrant caravan are not the only ones waiting.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>For the past six weeks, Styves Sama has been coming every morning to the El Chaparral border crossing in Tijuana, and waiting anxiously for his number -- 1,119 -- to be called. Sama, 36, said he feels dismayed by the daily trickle of asylum-seekers allowed to see U.S. authorities at the port of entry.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“It’s a little bit disturbing, because spending all this money from Africa to be here ... I have nothing left with me,\" said Sama, a former crane operator from Cameroon.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Sama traveled to the border to ask the U.S. for asylum. He said his government arrested and tortured him.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“I’m not going to America for pleasure, I’m not going for job. I’m going to America because my life is in danger,” he said, wearing a red New York Yankees baseball hat.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11707964\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 1800px\">\u003cimg class=\"size-full wp-image-11707964\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2018/11/RS34067_chaparral-FINAL-03-qut.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"1800\" height=\"1198\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2018/11/RS34067_chaparral-FINAL-03-qut.jpg 1800w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2018/11/RS34067_chaparral-FINAL-03-qut-160x106.jpg 160w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2018/11/RS34067_chaparral-FINAL-03-qut-800x532.jpg 800w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2018/11/RS34067_chaparral-FINAL-03-qut-1020x679.jpg 1020w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2018/11/RS34067_chaparral-FINAL-03-qut-1200x799.jpg 1200w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 1800px) 100vw, 1800px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Styves Sama, from Cameroon, waits near the U.S.-Mexico border pedestrian crossing on Nov. 21, 2018, to check on his position on a waiting list for people seeking asylum in the U.S. \u003ccite>(David Maung)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>As hundreds of Central American migrants with the caravan continue to arrive in Tijuana, others seeking refuge in the U.S. worry wait times will worsen.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The Trump administration has focused significant resources on “hardening” the border and preventing illegal entries. But just days before Mexico’s president-elect, Andres Manuel Lopez Obrador, takes office Dec. 1, officials with his incoming administration want the U.S. to do more to help ease a potential migrant crisis along a border both countries share.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Tonatiuh Guillén López, who will soon head Mexico’s national immigration agency, said he intends to push the U.S. to process migrants more quickly and reduce the bottleneck at ports of entry.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“I hope we can agree that the processing flow needs to be greater,” said Guillén López, a former academic in Tijuana who led Mexico’s immigration policy at the Instituto Nacional de Migración.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“We are going to start a much-needed dialogue on this issue” with U.S. authorities, he said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11707965\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 1800px\">\u003cimg class=\"wp-image-11707965 size-full\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2018/11/RS34066_press-conference-FINAL-07-qut.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"1800\" height=\"1198\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2018/11/RS34066_press-conference-FINAL-07-qut.jpg 1800w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2018/11/RS34066_press-conference-FINAL-07-qut-160x106.jpg 160w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2018/11/RS34066_press-conference-FINAL-07-qut-800x532.jpg 800w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2018/11/RS34066_press-conference-FINAL-07-qut-1020x679.jpg 1020w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2018/11/RS34066_press-conference-FINAL-07-qut-1200x799.jpg 1200w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 1800px) 100vw, 1800px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Tonatiuh Guillén López, incoming director of Mexico's immigration agency (Instituto Nacional de Migracion), speaks to reporters after a presentation in Tijuana on Nov. 20, 2018. \u003ccite>(David Maung)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>On Nov. 21 at the El Chaparral border crossing, volunteers yelled out 40 names of people whose turn had come to ask U.S. officials for refuge. The asylum-seekers had come here from Russia, Central America and other countries.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The list of migrants waiting there already has 4,200 names.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>U.S. Customs and Border Protection processes undocumented migrants as “expeditiously as possible,” said a spokesman for the agency. The number of individuals CBP can process depends on factors such as the complexity of their cases, translation requirements and detention space, he said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Port of Entry facilities were not designed to hold hundreds of people at a time who may be seeking asylum. And we are also charged with keeping the flow of legitimate trade and travel,” said the CBP spokesman in a statement. “Balancing these demands, keeping illicit goods and people out of the country, and managing the influx of Central Americans seeking asylum … requires a careful balance of our resources and space.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Guillén López said the barbed wire, barriers and soldiers don’t belong at the busy international crossing with San Diego, a region with a long history of cooperation.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“It looks like we are at the border between North and South Korea,” he said. “Those images don’t belong in this region.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The commercial exchange between San Diego and Tijuana is worth $2.1 million per day, according to the San Diego Regional Chamber of Commerce.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>For now, as many as 5,000 Central American migrants with the caravan milled around a sports complex turned into a migrant shelter in Tijuana, while dozens more arrived with weary faces and dusty bags.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“The situation is not easy,” said Maria Oriana, as her 4-year-old grandson clutched her leg. “My heart aches to know the boy has to sleep on the ground.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The monthlong journey from Honduras was especially tough for her grandson, she said, adding that her family had fled violence and gang threats. Now Oriana realizes it could be months before they can ask for refuge in the U.S.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Other migrants at the shelter said they felt sick, and as temperatures get colder at night, some looked for blankets and hoodies among donations being distributed by volunteers.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Tijuanans say the city is struggling to accommodate thousands of Central American migrants for a stretch of months or longer. That pressure was compounded Sunday when U.S. authorities closed the San Ysidro port of entry entirely. That came after officials shut down 10 out of 26 northbound vehicle lanes at the border crossing last week.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>CBP officials said the goal was to prevent migrants from illegally rushing in, and to install concertina wires and jersey barriers.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But Marco Antonio Sotomayor Amezcua, Tijuana’s head of public safety, said the ports of entry should remain open, because they are critical to the city.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The San Ysidro border crossing is among the busiest in the world. More than 100,000 people traverse north every day, said Pete Flores, director of field operations for the CBP San Diego office at a recent press conference.\u003c/p>\n\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>",
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"content": "\u003cp>\u003cstrong>\u003ci>Have a question about the migrant caravan for KQED? \u003ca href=\"https://modules.wearehearken.com/kqed/embed/2414/share\">Ask it here\u003c/a> -- and we may look into it.\u003c/i>\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>U.S. agents fired tear gas at a group of migrants on Sunday as they tried to cross into the United States from Tijuana, Mexico.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The incident took place at the San Ysidro Land Port of Entry between Tijuana and San Diego, where \u003ca href=\"https://www.gsa.gov/about-us/regions/welcome-to-the-pacific-rim-region-9/land-ports-of-entry/san-ysidro-land-port-of-entry/san-ysidro-lpoe-project-facts\">tens of thousands\u003c/a> of people cross between the U.S. and Mexico each day.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In recent days, more than 5,000 migrants have been camped in Tijuana after arriving in Mexico from Central America. Many of the migrants are seeking to apply for asylum in the U.S., but as James Fredrick reported for NPR, fewer than 100 asylum petitions per day are being processed at the San Ysidro entry point.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>On Sunday, hundreds of migrants made their way through Tijuana towards the border.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>As they marched, Customs and Border Protection\u003ca href=\"https://twitter.com/CBPSanDiego?ref_src=twsrc%5Etfw%7Ctwcamp%5Etweetembed%7Ctwterm%5E1066773294383157248&ref_url=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.npr.org%2Fbuckets%2F_seamus%2F2018%2F11%2Fcpb-tweet-1-201811329.html\"> closed the San Ysidro Land Port of Entry\u003c/a> between Tijuana and San Diego. The crossing was \u003ca href=\"https://twitter.com/CBPSanDiego/status/1066840235823120384\">reopened\u003c/a> later on Sunday.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The group of migrants continued toward the border. Mexican police officers in riot gear stopped many, but those who continued toward the fence met U.S. border agents, who sprayed some with tear gas. Following the incident, the Mexican Interior Ministry\u003ca href=\"https://www.gob.mx/segob/prensa/autoridades-mexicanas-retoman-control-del-cruce-fronterizo-el-chaparral-en-baja-california\"> said it will deport\u003c/a> hundreds of migrants who attempted to \"violently\" cross the border.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Fredrick described the scene \u003ca href=\"https://www.npr.org/2018/11/25/670695100/u-s-closes-major-san-diego-port-of-entry-as-migrants-converge-at-border\">in an interview\u003c/a> with NPR's \u003cem>Weekend All Things Considered \u003c/em>on Sunday evening:\u003c/p>\n\u003cblockquote>\u003cp>\"Every once in a while, a new group gathers there, at the U.S.-Mexico border fence — and then pretty quickly after that, they are dispersed using tear gas. It's pretty windy here today. I was probably half a mile from where the tear gas was shot, and I could feel it ... You saw lots of families, lots of kids who, although they weren't close there, have been feeling the effects of tear gas.\"\u003c/p>\u003c/blockquote>\n\u003cp>The event occurred amid conflicting reports about the future of U.S. border policy.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>President Trump \u003ca href=\"https://twitter.com/realDonaldTrump/status/1066478927143677952\">tweeted on Saturday\u003c/a> that migrants wouldn't be allowed into the U.S. \"until their claims are individually approved in court.\" A \u003ca href=\"https://www.washingtonpost.com/world/national-security/deal-with-mexico-paves-way-for-asylum-overhaul-at-us-border/2018/11/24/87b9570a-ef74-11e8-9236-bb94154151d2_story.html?utm_term=.665bc8e652e1\">\u003cem>Washington Post\u003c/em> report\u003c/a> Saturday indicated that the U.S. and Mexico had come to a deal around such an arrangement, but in a \u003ca href=\"https://www.washingtonpost.com/world/the_americas/incoming-mexico-govt-no-deal-to-host-us-asylum-seekers/2018/11/24/43146a50-f04a-11e8-8b47-bd0975fd6199_story.html?utm_term=.234aa34d1c3b\">separate report that followed\u003c/a>, Mexican officials denied a deal had been made.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>President Trump then \u003ca href=\"https://twitter.com/realDonaldTrump/status/1066685057648214018\">tweeted \u003c/a>on Sunday morning, \"Would be very SMART if Mexico would stop the Caravans long before they get to our Southern Border, or if originating countries would not let them form...\"\u003c/p>\n\n",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>\u003cstrong>\u003ci>Have a question about the migrant caravan for KQED? \u003ca href=\"https://modules.wearehearken.com/kqed/embed/2414/share\">Ask it here\u003c/a> -- and we may look into it.\u003c/i>\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>U.S. agents fired tear gas at a group of migrants on Sunday as they tried to cross into the United States from Tijuana, Mexico.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The incident took place at the San Ysidro Land Port of Entry between Tijuana and San Diego, where \u003ca href=\"https://www.gsa.gov/about-us/regions/welcome-to-the-pacific-rim-region-9/land-ports-of-entry/san-ysidro-land-port-of-entry/san-ysidro-lpoe-project-facts\">tens of thousands\u003c/a> of people cross between the U.S. and Mexico each day.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In recent days, more than 5,000 migrants have been camped in Tijuana after arriving in Mexico from Central America. Many of the migrants are seeking to apply for asylum in the U.S., but as James Fredrick reported for NPR, fewer than 100 asylum petitions per day are being processed at the San Ysidro entry point.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>On Sunday, hundreds of migrants made their way through Tijuana towards the border.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>As they marched, Customs and Border Protection\u003ca href=\"https://twitter.com/CBPSanDiego?ref_src=twsrc%5Etfw%7Ctwcamp%5Etweetembed%7Ctwterm%5E1066773294383157248&ref_url=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.npr.org%2Fbuckets%2F_seamus%2F2018%2F11%2Fcpb-tweet-1-201811329.html\"> closed the San Ysidro Land Port of Entry\u003c/a> between Tijuana and San Diego. The crossing was \u003ca href=\"https://twitter.com/CBPSanDiego/status/1066840235823120384\">reopened\u003c/a> later on Sunday.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The group of migrants continued toward the border. Mexican police officers in riot gear stopped many, but those who continued toward the fence met U.S. border agents, who sprayed some with tear gas. Following the incident, the Mexican Interior Ministry\u003ca href=\"https://www.gob.mx/segob/prensa/autoridades-mexicanas-retoman-control-del-cruce-fronterizo-el-chaparral-en-baja-california\"> said it will deport\u003c/a> hundreds of migrants who attempted to \"violently\" cross the border.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Fredrick described the scene \u003ca href=\"https://www.npr.org/2018/11/25/670695100/u-s-closes-major-san-diego-port-of-entry-as-migrants-converge-at-border\">in an interview\u003c/a> with NPR's \u003cem>Weekend All Things Considered \u003c/em>on Sunday evening:\u003c/p>\n\u003cblockquote>\u003cp>\"Every once in a while, a new group gathers there, at the U.S.-Mexico border fence — and then pretty quickly after that, they are dispersed using tear gas. It's pretty windy here today. I was probably half a mile from where the tear gas was shot, and I could feel it ... You saw lots of families, lots of kids who, although they weren't close there, have been feeling the effects of tear gas.\"\u003c/p>\u003c/blockquote>\n\u003cp>The event occurred amid conflicting reports about the future of U.S. border policy.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>President Trump \u003ca href=\"https://twitter.com/realDonaldTrump/status/1066478927143677952\">tweeted on Saturday\u003c/a> that migrants wouldn't be allowed into the U.S. \"until their claims are individually approved in court.\" A \u003ca href=\"https://www.washingtonpost.com/world/national-security/deal-with-mexico-paves-way-for-asylum-overhaul-at-us-border/2018/11/24/87b9570a-ef74-11e8-9236-bb94154151d2_story.html?utm_term=.665bc8e652e1\">\u003cem>Washington Post\u003c/em> report\u003c/a> Saturday indicated that the U.S. and Mexico had come to a deal around such an arrangement, but in a \u003ca href=\"https://www.washingtonpost.com/world/the_americas/incoming-mexico-govt-no-deal-to-host-us-asylum-seekers/2018/11/24/43146a50-f04a-11e8-8b47-bd0975fd6199_story.html?utm_term=.234aa34d1c3b\">separate report that followed\u003c/a>, Mexican officials denied a deal had been made.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>President Trump then \u003ca href=\"https://twitter.com/realDonaldTrump/status/1066685057648214018\">tweeted \u003c/a>on Sunday morning, \"Would be very SMART if Mexico would stop the Caravans long before they get to our Southern Border, or if originating countries would not let them form...\"\u003c/p>\n\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>",
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"slug": "indian-entrepreneurs-with-no-green-cards-pursue-silicon-valley-dreams-elsewhere",
"title": "Indian Entrepreneurs With No Green Cards Pursue Silicon Valley Dreams Elsewhere",
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"content": "\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"https://www.nber.org/papers/w24494.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Immigrants start and/or lead\u003c/a> many of the biggest companies in Silicon Valley: Google, Oracle, Microsoft, etc. But with immigration reform in Congress stuck in neutral, a growing number of would-be entrepreneurs are choosing to pursue their Silicon Valley dreams someplace else.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Navish Jain’s aha! moment came after eight years of working at Cisco as an engineer. He’d read \u003ca href=\"https://www.washingtonpost.com/news/the-intersect/wp/2016/01/11/think-twice-before-answering-that-ad-101-killers-have-found-victims-on-craigslist/?utm_term=.10ec2e2cea5e\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">news headlines\u003c/a> about criminals finding their prey on Craigslist, and it struck him just how much he trusted Cisco’s in-house digital message boards.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>What if, he thought, there was a housing platform that verified that every user was either a college student or gainfully employed? “Those people are more trustworthy and credible as compared to complete strangers,” Jain thought, first to himself, and then out loud. He dubbed the new company \u003ca href=\"https://www.cirtru.com\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Cirtru\u003c/a>, inspired by the phrase “circles of trust.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But Jain faced a dilemma. He couldn’t work on Cirtru while working at Cisco, and because of his visa, he couldn’t stay in the U.S. \u003ci>without\u003c/i> working at Cisco. He was on a temporary, employment-contingent H-1B visa. A green card would have solved that but he’s Indian, and the backlog of Indian applicants stretches to 10, even 25 years.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“I waited for my green card for seven, eight years. I wanted to launch my startup here, create jobs, solve this problem here. But since my green card did not come, I was forced back to move to India,” Jain said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>He explained all this on a recent morning in Sunnyvale, a city he used to live in, while waiting to deliver a pitch for his company at the startup accelerator \u003ca href=\"https://www.plugandplaytechcenter.com\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Plug and Play Tech Center\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11707172\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 800px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-medium wp-image-11707172\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2018/11/Slide2-800x463.png\" alt=\"One of the slides from Jain's pitch deck for his startup, Cirtru.\" width=\"800\" height=\"463\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2018/11/Slide2-800x463.png 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2018/11/Slide2-160x93.png 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2018/11/Slide2-1020x590.png 1020w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2018/11/Slide2-1200x694.png 1200w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2018/11/Slide2-1920x1110.png 1920w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">One of the slides from Jain’s pitch deck for his startup, Cirtru. \u003ccite>(Courtesy of Navish Jain)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Think of it like speed dating in Silicon Valley. Roughly half the people in the room for that particular “Friday Pitch Day” were there to pitch their startups; roughly half were looking for startups to invest in. Each entrepreneur had five minutes on stage with his pitch deck to sell his idea, his team and his desired level of investment.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>People came from all over the world: Azerbaijan, Greece, Sweden, China, Germany, Japan. Even the local teams were packed with members whose accents betrayed that they didn’t start life in Northern California. There was a palpable atmosphere of excitement and ambition in the Plug and Play auditorium. For so many people in business around the world, Silicon Valley is where it’s at, the promised land, the global nexus of opportunity.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Of course, other countries are keen to mimic the magic of the San Francisco Bay Area, and Jain’s home country of India is no exception. Investors from around the world are pumping money into Indian startups. Jain is competing for those investors, too, but he said Cirtru is primarily designed for American users. After moving his family back to Mumbai, Jain now flies to the Bay Area periodically on temporary business visas for events like “Friday Pitch Day” at Plug and Play.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The backlog that Indians face for green cards didn’t start with the Trump administration, but it’s inexorably linked to the collateral damage produced as federal immigration officials pursue the president’s \u003ca href=\"https://www.uscis.gov/legal-resources/buy-american-hire-american-putting-american-workers-first\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">\u003cem>Buy American, Hire American\u003c/em>\u003c/a> executive order. \u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-medium wp-image-11707173\" style=\"font-weight: bold; color: #767676;\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2018/11/RS24885_GettyImages-665478668-qut-800x533.jpg\" alt='President Trump has said of H-1B visas, \"They should be given to the most skilled and highest paid applicants. And they should never ever be used to replace Americans.\"' width=\"800\" height=\"533\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2018/11/RS24885_GettyImages-665478668-qut-800x533.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2018/11/RS24885_GettyImages-665478668-qut-160x107.jpg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2018/11/RS24885_GettyImages-665478668-qut-1020x680.jpg 1020w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2018/11/RS24885_GettyImages-665478668-qut-1200x800.jpg 1200w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2018/11/RS24885_GettyImages-665478668-qut.jpg 1920w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\">\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>On signing the order, President Trump said of H-1B visas, “They should be given to the most skilled and highest-paid applicants. And they should never ever be used to replace Americans.” Theoretically, employers pay H-1B visa holders prevailing market wages and hire them only if they can’t find qualified American workers. But there have been news headlines — and lawsuits — claiming some companies are flouting the law.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"http://wadhwa.com\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Vivek Wadhwa\u003c/a> is a distinguished fellow at Harvard and Carnegie Mellon University of Silicon Valley who writes about technology. “The anti-immigrants rightfully criticize H-1B workers because they have no choice but to keep working for the same employer for 10, 15 even 20 years while they wait for green cards. And when they’re in this limbo, they can’t change jobs, they don’t get the same salary increases, they’re stuck doing the same jobs they did a decade ago,” Wadhwa said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"https://cis.org/Miano\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">John Miano\u003c/a> is a former tech worker who became an attorney in order to sue over the H-1B program. “Congress cannot even decide what H-1B even is. The original H category was strictly guest workers. The H-1B of today has been transformed into a holding pattern for immigration.” Miano argues the law itself is designed to profit employers who want to ditch American workers. “That is not abuse; that is what H-1B is intended to do.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"https://www.americanimmigrationcouncil.org/staff/leslie-dellon\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Leslie Dellon\u003c/a>, staff attorney for the pro-immigration American Immigration Council, disagrees. “It’s not the H-1B classification that creates a problem. If employers are complying with the requirement of paying the higher of the prevailing wage or the actual wage, then you’re not going to have a ‘lower-paid’ H-1B in the position. And, I believe the current law and regulations provide the agencies with ample tools to take action against those who don’t comply.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In the meantime, the Trump administration’s clampdown has effectively killed an entrepreneur’s visa that the U.S. Citizenship and Immigration Services estimates nearly 3,000 would apply for annually if it were a real thing. The Department of Homeland Security has delayed implementation of the Obama-era program twice and promised it plans to kill the rule entirely.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Somebody like Jain has the financial freedom to leave Silicon Valley and still pursue his startup. But Wadhwa warns that a growing number of other countries are eating Silicon Valley’s lunch, starting by snapping up entrepreneurs who feel they’re getting the cold shoulder from the U.S.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11707174\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 800px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-medium wp-image-11707174\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2018/11/RS33977_India_FamilyPhoto-qut-800x533.jpg\" alt=\"What's next for Navish Jain? An endless round of flights back and forth from Mumbai to San Francisco, as he seeks to raise his second round of funding for his startup.\" width=\"800\" height=\"533\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2018/11/RS33977_India_FamilyPhoto-qut-800x533.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2018/11/RS33977_India_FamilyPhoto-qut-160x107.jpg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2018/11/RS33977_India_FamilyPhoto-qut-1020x680.jpg 1020w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2018/11/RS33977_India_FamilyPhoto-qut-1200x800.jpg 1200w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2018/11/RS33977_India_FamilyPhoto-qut.jpg 1920w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">What’s next for Navish Jain? An endless round of flights back and forth from Mumbai to San Francisco, as he seeks to raise his second round of funding for his startup. \u003ccite>(Courtesy of Navish Jain)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>“Now, the chances of them succeeding in India, China, Brazil, Mexico are greater than here, because the cost of developing startups has dropped dramatically. And you have pockets of intelligence everywhere now. You have startups everywhere now,” Wadhwa said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad floatright]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“The United States may be becoming more xenophobic,” he added, “but that’s to our loss, our detriment.”\u003c/p>\n\n",
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"title": "Indian Entrepreneurs With No Green Cards Pursue Silicon Valley Dreams Elsewhere | KQED",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"https://www.nber.org/papers/w24494.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Immigrants start and/or lead\u003c/a> many of the biggest companies in Silicon Valley: Google, Oracle, Microsoft, etc. But with immigration reform in Congress stuck in neutral, a growing number of would-be entrepreneurs are choosing to pursue their Silicon Valley dreams someplace else.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Navish Jain’s aha! moment came after eight years of working at Cisco as an engineer. He’d read \u003ca href=\"https://www.washingtonpost.com/news/the-intersect/wp/2016/01/11/think-twice-before-answering-that-ad-101-killers-have-found-victims-on-craigslist/?utm_term=.10ec2e2cea5e\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">news headlines\u003c/a> about criminals finding their prey on Craigslist, and it struck him just how much he trusted Cisco’s in-house digital message boards.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>What if, he thought, there was a housing platform that verified that every user was either a college student or gainfully employed? “Those people are more trustworthy and credible as compared to complete strangers,” Jain thought, first to himself, and then out loud. He dubbed the new company \u003ca href=\"https://www.cirtru.com\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Cirtru\u003c/a>, inspired by the phrase “circles of trust.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But Jain faced a dilemma. He couldn’t work on Cirtru while working at Cisco, and because of his visa, he couldn’t stay in the U.S. \u003ci>without\u003c/i> working at Cisco. He was on a temporary, employment-contingent H-1B visa. A green card would have solved that but he’s Indian, and the backlog of Indian applicants stretches to 10, even 25 years.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“I waited for my green card for seven, eight years. I wanted to launch my startup here, create jobs, solve this problem here. But since my green card did not come, I was forced back to move to India,” Jain said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>He explained all this on a recent morning in Sunnyvale, a city he used to live in, while waiting to deliver a pitch for his company at the startup accelerator \u003ca href=\"https://www.plugandplaytechcenter.com\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Plug and Play Tech Center\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11707172\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 800px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-medium wp-image-11707172\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2018/11/Slide2-800x463.png\" alt=\"One of the slides from Jain's pitch deck for his startup, Cirtru.\" width=\"800\" height=\"463\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2018/11/Slide2-800x463.png 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2018/11/Slide2-160x93.png 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2018/11/Slide2-1020x590.png 1020w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2018/11/Slide2-1200x694.png 1200w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2018/11/Slide2-1920x1110.png 1920w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">One of the slides from Jain’s pitch deck for his startup, Cirtru. \u003ccite>(Courtesy of Navish Jain)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Think of it like speed dating in Silicon Valley. Roughly half the people in the room for that particular “Friday Pitch Day” were there to pitch their startups; roughly half were looking for startups to invest in. Each entrepreneur had five minutes on stage with his pitch deck to sell his idea, his team and his desired level of investment.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>People came from all over the world: Azerbaijan, Greece, Sweden, China, Germany, Japan. Even the local teams were packed with members whose accents betrayed that they didn’t start life in Northern California. There was a palpable atmosphere of excitement and ambition in the Plug and Play auditorium. For so many people in business around the world, Silicon Valley is where it’s at, the promised land, the global nexus of opportunity.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Of course, other countries are keen to mimic the magic of the San Francisco Bay Area, and Jain’s home country of India is no exception. Investors from around the world are pumping money into Indian startups. Jain is competing for those investors, too, but he said Cirtru is primarily designed for American users. After moving his family back to Mumbai, Jain now flies to the Bay Area periodically on temporary business visas for events like “Friday Pitch Day” at Plug and Play.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The backlog that Indians face for green cards didn’t start with the Trump administration, but it’s inexorably linked to the collateral damage produced as federal immigration officials pursue the president’s \u003ca href=\"https://www.uscis.gov/legal-resources/buy-american-hire-american-putting-american-workers-first\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">\u003cem>Buy American, Hire American\u003c/em>\u003c/a> executive order. \u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-medium wp-image-11707173\" style=\"font-weight: bold; color: #767676;\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2018/11/RS24885_GettyImages-665478668-qut-800x533.jpg\" alt='President Trump has said of H-1B visas, \"They should be given to the most skilled and highest paid applicants. And they should never ever be used to replace Americans.\"' width=\"800\" height=\"533\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2018/11/RS24885_GettyImages-665478668-qut-800x533.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2018/11/RS24885_GettyImages-665478668-qut-160x107.jpg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2018/11/RS24885_GettyImages-665478668-qut-1020x680.jpg 1020w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2018/11/RS24885_GettyImages-665478668-qut-1200x800.jpg 1200w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2018/11/RS24885_GettyImages-665478668-qut.jpg 1920w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\">\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>On signing the order, President Trump said of H-1B visas, “They should be given to the most skilled and highest-paid applicants. And they should never ever be used to replace Americans.” Theoretically, employers pay H-1B visa holders prevailing market wages and hire them only if they can’t find qualified American workers. But there have been news headlines — and lawsuits — claiming some companies are flouting the law.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"http://wadhwa.com\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Vivek Wadhwa\u003c/a> is a distinguished fellow at Harvard and Carnegie Mellon University of Silicon Valley who writes about technology. “The anti-immigrants rightfully criticize H-1B workers because they have no choice but to keep working for the same employer for 10, 15 even 20 years while they wait for green cards. And when they’re in this limbo, they can’t change jobs, they don’t get the same salary increases, they’re stuck doing the same jobs they did a decade ago,” Wadhwa said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"https://cis.org/Miano\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">John Miano\u003c/a> is a former tech worker who became an attorney in order to sue over the H-1B program. “Congress cannot even decide what H-1B even is. The original H category was strictly guest workers. The H-1B of today has been transformed into a holding pattern for immigration.” Miano argues the law itself is designed to profit employers who want to ditch American workers. “That is not abuse; that is what H-1B is intended to do.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"https://www.americanimmigrationcouncil.org/staff/leslie-dellon\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Leslie Dellon\u003c/a>, staff attorney for the pro-immigration American Immigration Council, disagrees. “It’s not the H-1B classification that creates a problem. If employers are complying with the requirement of paying the higher of the prevailing wage or the actual wage, then you’re not going to have a ‘lower-paid’ H-1B in the position. And, I believe the current law and regulations provide the agencies with ample tools to take action against those who don’t comply.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In the meantime, the Trump administration’s clampdown has effectively killed an entrepreneur’s visa that the U.S. Citizenship and Immigration Services estimates nearly 3,000 would apply for annually if it were a real thing. The Department of Homeland Security has delayed implementation of the Obama-era program twice and promised it plans to kill the rule entirely.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Somebody like Jain has the financial freedom to leave Silicon Valley and still pursue his startup. But Wadhwa warns that a growing number of other countries are eating Silicon Valley’s lunch, starting by snapping up entrepreneurs who feel they’re getting the cold shoulder from the U.S.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11707174\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 800px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-medium wp-image-11707174\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2018/11/RS33977_India_FamilyPhoto-qut-800x533.jpg\" alt=\"What's next for Navish Jain? An endless round of flights back and forth from Mumbai to San Francisco, as he seeks to raise his second round of funding for his startup.\" width=\"800\" height=\"533\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2018/11/RS33977_India_FamilyPhoto-qut-800x533.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2018/11/RS33977_India_FamilyPhoto-qut-160x107.jpg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2018/11/RS33977_India_FamilyPhoto-qut-1020x680.jpg 1020w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2018/11/RS33977_India_FamilyPhoto-qut-1200x800.jpg 1200w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2018/11/RS33977_India_FamilyPhoto-qut.jpg 1920w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">What’s next for Navish Jain? An endless round of flights back and forth from Mumbai to San Francisco, as he seeks to raise his second round of funding for his startup. \u003ccite>(Courtesy of Navish Jain)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>“Now, the chances of them succeeding in India, China, Brazil, Mexico are greater than here, because the cost of developing startups has dropped dramatically. And you have pockets of intelligence everywhere now. You have startups everywhere now,” Wadhwa said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"disqusTitle": "S.F. Judge Blocks Trump Administration From Refusing Asylum to Immigrants Who Cross Border Illegally",
"title": "S.F. Judge Blocks Trump Administration From Refusing Asylum to Immigrants Who Cross Border Illegally",
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"content": "\u003cp>A federal judge in San Francisco has temporarily blocked the Trump administration from enforcing a presidential proclamation that barred asylum for migrants who cross from Mexico into the U.S. illegally.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>U.S. District Judge Jon Tigar late Monday issued a temporary restraining order hours after hearing arguments in a case that could determine the fate of some members of a migrant caravan arriving at the U.S.-Mexico border.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"Whatever the scope of the President's authority, he may not rewrite the immigration laws to impose a condition that Congress has expressly forbidden,\" Tigar wrote in his decision.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Civil rights groups sued the administration over President Donald Trump's order earlier this month, which he justified as a response to the caravan he decried before the midterm election.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Led by the American Civil Liberties Union, the groups said Trump’s move is at odds with the \u003ca href=\"https://www.uscis.gov/ilink/docView/SLB/HTML/SLB/0-0-0-1/0-0-0-29/0-0-0-1687.html\">Immigration and Nationality Act\u003c/a>, which allows migrants to have their asylum claims processed, no matter how they arrive in the country.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The regulations were set to be in effect for three months. They could have made it more difficult for thousands of migrants to avoid deportation if they cross into the U.S. between ports of entry.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>”We’re not saying everyone is going to get asylum. Not everyone’s claim is going to be successful,” said ACLU attorney Lee Gelernt after the hearing. “But there certainly are going to be successful claims, and there has to be a process. Congress has set up the process. Congress has spoken very clearly to it. And this administration has now changed it.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>During the hearing Scott Stewart, a Department of Justice lawyer, called asylum a discretionary benefit. Stewart said Trump’s order addresses what he called the “crushing strain of unlawful entries at the southern border.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Each year, an estimated 70,000 people claim asylum after crossing between ports of entry, according to the Department of Homeland Security. Last year, the \u003ca href=\"https://www.npr.org/2017/12/05/568546381/arrests-for-illegal-border-crossings-hit-46-year-low\">number of people arrested by the Border Patrol for crossing into the U.S. illegally\u003c/a> fell to a 46-year low.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Judge Tigar questioned the validity of the argument that there’s a crisis at the border, and whether Trump’s approach would solve it.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>During the hearing Homeland Security Secretary Kirstjen Nielsen tweeted photos from the San Ysidro Port of Entry, showing border and military personnel blocking the northbound lanes, which were temporarily closed to “initiate additional port hardening efforts.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Nielsen also wrote: “some members of the caravan are purposely causing disruptions at our border ports of entry. There is a legal and illegal way to enter the US.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>https://twitter.com/SecNielsen/status/1064580889642971136\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The Pentagon is reportedly preparing to start a reduction of the nearly 6,000 troops Trump dispatched to the border. The active-duty troops Trump sent there could start leaving as early as this week, Army Lt. Gen. Jeffrey Buchanan told \u003ca href=\"https://www.politico.com/story/2018/11/19/troops-us-mexico-border-come-home-1005510\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Politico\u003c/a>, adding that all of them are expected to be home by the end of the year.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Both sides in the asylum case are due back in court on Dec. 19.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>The Associated Press contributing reporting to this story. \u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\n",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>A federal judge in San Francisco has temporarily blocked the Trump administration from enforcing a presidential proclamation that barred asylum for migrants who cross from Mexico into the U.S. illegally.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>U.S. District Judge Jon Tigar late Monday issued a temporary restraining order hours after hearing arguments in a case that could determine the fate of some members of a migrant caravan arriving at the U.S.-Mexico border.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"Whatever the scope of the President's authority, he may not rewrite the immigration laws to impose a condition that Congress has expressly forbidden,\" Tigar wrote in his decision.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Civil rights groups sued the administration over President Donald Trump's order earlier this month, which he justified as a response to the caravan he decried before the midterm election.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Led by the American Civil Liberties Union, the groups said Trump’s move is at odds with the \u003ca href=\"https://www.uscis.gov/ilink/docView/SLB/HTML/SLB/0-0-0-1/0-0-0-29/0-0-0-1687.html\">Immigration and Nationality Act\u003c/a>, which allows migrants to have their asylum claims processed, no matter how they arrive in the country.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The regulations were set to be in effect for three months. They could have made it more difficult for thousands of migrants to avoid deportation if they cross into the U.S. between ports of entry.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>”We’re not saying everyone is going to get asylum. Not everyone’s claim is going to be successful,” said ACLU attorney Lee Gelernt after the hearing. “But there certainly are going to be successful claims, and there has to be a process. Congress has set up the process. Congress has spoken very clearly to it. And this administration has now changed it.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>During the hearing Scott Stewart, a Department of Justice lawyer, called asylum a discretionary benefit. Stewart said Trump’s order addresses what he called the “crushing strain of unlawful entries at the southern border.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Each year, an estimated 70,000 people claim asylum after crossing between ports of entry, according to the Department of Homeland Security. Last year, the \u003ca href=\"https://www.npr.org/2017/12/05/568546381/arrests-for-illegal-border-crossings-hit-46-year-low\">number of people arrested by the Border Patrol for crossing into the U.S. illegally\u003c/a> fell to a 46-year low.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Judge Tigar questioned the validity of the argument that there’s a crisis at the border, and whether Trump’s approach would solve it.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>During the hearing Homeland Security Secretary Kirstjen Nielsen tweeted photos from the San Ysidro Port of Entry, showing border and military personnel blocking the northbound lanes, which were temporarily closed to “initiate additional port hardening efforts.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Nielsen also wrote: “some members of the caravan are purposely causing disruptions at our border ports of entry. There is a legal and illegal way to enter the US.”\u003c/p>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\n\u003cp>The Pentagon is reportedly preparing to start a reduction of the nearly 6,000 troops Trump dispatched to the border. The active-duty troops Trump sent there could start leaving as early as this week, Army Lt. Gen. Jeffrey Buchanan told \u003ca href=\"https://www.politico.com/story/2018/11/19/troops-us-mexico-border-come-home-1005510\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Politico\u003c/a>, adding that all of them are expected to be home by the end of the year.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Both sides in the asylum case are due back in court on Dec. 19.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>The Associated Press contributing reporting to this story. \u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>",
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"content": "\u003cp>Juan Velasquez had just arrived in Tijuana on the migrant caravan, and was sitting in the barber’s chair at Padre Chava. It’s a Catholic center that serves breakfast, and offers migrants the use of a phone and free haircuts.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“I want to look more elegant, more cleaned up, so people here see us as good citizens,” said Velasquez.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>He was talking about the friction that has ramped up in Tijuana, as some local residents have \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/news/11706554/central-american-migrants-arriving-in-tijuana-find-rest-relief-at-a-beach-then-hostility\">scuffled with migrants on the beach near the border\u003c/a>, shouting at them to “go home.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11706893\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 1590px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"wp-image-11706893 size-full\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2018/11/Peluqueria_005-e1542403507849.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"1590\" height=\"1060\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2018/11/Peluqueria_005-e1542403507849.jpg 1590w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2018/11/Peluqueria_005-e1542403507849-160x107.jpg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2018/11/Peluqueria_005-e1542403507849-800x533.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2018/11/Peluqueria_005-e1542403507849-1020x680.jpg 1020w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2018/11/Peluqueria_005-e1542403507849-1200x800.jpg 1200w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 1590px) 100vw, 1590px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Barber school student Berenice Bajo cuts the hair of Juan Velasquez, a migrant from El Salvador, on Thursday, Nov. 15, 2018. Velasquez is one of the thousands of Central American migrants traveling together to the U.S-Mexico border. He was part of a group that arrived this week in Tijuana. At the Catholic center Padre Chava, migrants received breakfast and free haircuts provided by students at the Santana 5 Barber School. \u003ccite>(Erin Siegal McIntyre/KQED)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Velasquez wants people in Tijuana to see him and other migrants as “people who are dignified, respectful, clean-cut. We’re not robbing people, causing trouble. We’re just human beings.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Tears welled up in his eyes, as a volunteer beauty school student buzzed his hair with clippers. He said his father and siblings were killed in gang violence in El Salvador. He said he’s the only one left, and he’s gotten death threats, too.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“I can’t go back to my country. If the U.S. deports me back to El Salvador, it would be like sending me into a death trap,” he said in Spanish.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11706884\" class=\"wp-caption alignright\" style=\"max-width: 1920px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-full wp-image-11706884\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2018/11/Caravana_11152018_001-e1542402023840.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"1920\" height=\"1280\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2018/11/Caravana_11152018_001-e1542402023840.jpg 1920w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2018/11/Caravana_11152018_001-e1542402023840-160x107.jpg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2018/11/Caravana_11152018_001-e1542402023840-800x533.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2018/11/Caravana_11152018_001-e1542402023840-1020x680.jpg 1020w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2018/11/Caravana_11152018_001-e1542402023840-1200x800.jpg 1200w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 1920px) 100vw, 1920px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Migrants eat breakfast at the shelter Desayunador Padre Chava in Tijuana Thursday, Nov. 15, 2018. Thousands of Central American migrants traveling together in an exodus known as the “Caravan” continued arriving to the border city. \u003ccite>(Erin Siegal McIntyre/KQED)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Busloads of migrants like Velasquez were dropped off at the Padre Chava center Thursday. But as of Friday, it’s closed for several days of long-planned building renovations.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>That’s just part of the scramble to figure out where to feed and house migrants.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Instead of a triage effort, it could have been planned in advance, said Soraya Vasquez, with the \u003ca href=\"https://www.facebook.com/groups/702704259881756/%5D\">Comite Estrategico de Ayuda Humanitaria Tijuana\u003c/a>, a network of civic groups and activists that help migrants. She’s a lawyer who started the group when Haitian migrants began to arrive in Tijuana two years ago.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“The Haitians came so suddenly,” said Vasquez. “There was no planning. Here they’ve had a month. How is it that it’s a quarter to midnight and the government is just trying to figure out where to put people?”\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11706880\" class=\"wp-caption alignleft\" style=\"max-width: 800px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-medium wp-image-11706880\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2018/11/Caravana_11152018_006-800x533.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"800\" height=\"533\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">In the Mexican border city of Tijuana, thousands of Central American migrants traveling together in an exodus known as the “Caravan” continued arriving in the city Thursday, Nov. 15, 2018. Migrants rest in the temporary shelter operated by the Mexican government at the Unidad Deportiva Benito Juárez sports center. \u003ccite>(Erin Siegal McIntyre/KQED)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Vasquez thinks large spaces, rather than a patchwork of smaller shelters, are going to be more effective. The caravan is made up of several large delegations, who don’t seem to want to be separated. There’s also been some resistance from migrants who don’t like the rules at traditional shelters, requiring residents to come and go at certain times.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>As of Wednesday night, the government did open up a sports complex for people to sleep in. On Thursday afternoon, a few hundred camping mats were laid out in a large gymnasium-like room, and many other people were setting out their bedrolls under stadium bleachers outdoors.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Some migrants put down their backpacks and started up a game of soccer. Kids gravitated to the small playground inside the sports complex, shrieking with delight as they zipped down the slide.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Government officials say the stadium can hold up to 3,000 people, but they are still trying to figure out bathrooms and sanitation.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“The plan is to first make sure we take care of their health,” said Francisco Rueda Gomez, secretary general for the state of Baja California.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11706882\" class=\"wp-caption alignright\" style=\"max-width: 800px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"wp-image-11706882 size-medium\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2018/11/Caravana_11152018_008-800x533.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"800\" height=\"533\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">In the Mexican border city of Tijuana, thousands of Central American migrants traveling together in an exodus known as the “Caravan” continued arriving in the city Thursday, Nov. 15, 2018. Migrant kids play in the temporary shelter operated by the Mexican government at the Unidad Deportiva Benito Juárez sports center. \u003ccite>(Erin Siegal McIntyre/KQED)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>The state is asking the Mexican federal government for 80 million pesos in aid (about $4 million) to cover medicine, food and shelter. Rueda Gomez said local resources can only stretch for a week or 10 days. The migrants are likely to be in Tijuana for months, as they wait their turn to seek asylum in the U.S.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>At the same time, the government and some community advocates are trying to counter the xenophobia and classism that’s ramping up, as some Tijuana residents blame the newly arrived Central Americans for leaving trash, acting rowdy, drinking or smoking marijuana. A few migrants have also provoked anger by jumping up on the border fence.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“It’s natural that some people are afraid, because it’s a huge number of people coming into the city,” said Vasquez, the migrant advocate. “The government didn’t do a good job of advising people when the caravans would get here and what it would look like. But that doesn’t justify calls for hate, exclusion and discrimination.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11706964\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 1590px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"wp-image-11706964 size-full\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2018/11/Caravana_11152018_010-e1542410017470.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"1590\" height=\"1060\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2018/11/Caravana_11152018_010-e1542410017470.jpg 1590w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2018/11/Caravana_11152018_010-e1542410017470-160x107.jpg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2018/11/Caravana_11152018_010-e1542410017470-800x533.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2018/11/Caravana_11152018_010-e1542410017470-1020x680.jpg 1020w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2018/11/Caravana_11152018_010-e1542410017470-1200x800.jpg 1200w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 1590px) 100vw, 1590px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Migrants line up to enter the temporary shelter operated by the Mexican government at the Unidad Deportiva Benito Juárez sports center in Tijuana on Thursday, Nov. 15, 2018. \u003ccite>(Erin Siegal McIntyre/KQED)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11706963\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 1200px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-full wp-image-11706963\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2018/11/MG_8872.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"1200\" height=\"800\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2018/11/MG_8872.jpg 1200w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2018/11/MG_8872-160x107.jpg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2018/11/MG_8872-800x533.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2018/11/MG_8872-1020x680.jpg 1020w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 1200px) 100vw, 1200px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Two migrant girls arrive at a makeshift government shelter in Tijuana, Thursday Nov. 15, 2018. \u003ccite>(Erin Siegal McIntyre/KQED)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11706886\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 5616px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"wp-image-11706886 size-full\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2018/11/Caravana_11152018_005.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"5616\" height=\"3744\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2018/11/Caravana_11152018_005.jpg 5616w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2018/11/Caravana_11152018_005-160x107.jpg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2018/11/Caravana_11152018_005-800x533.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2018/11/Caravana_11152018_005-1020x680.jpg 1020w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2018/11/Caravana_11152018_005-1200x800.jpg 1200w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2018/11/Caravana_11152018_005-1920x1280.jpg 1920w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 5616px) 100vw, 5616px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Migrants enter the temporary shelter operated by the Mexican government at the Unidad Deportiva Benito Juárez sports center in Tijuana on Thursday, Nov. 15, 2018. Large groups of Central American migrants, who have been traveling in a caravan through Mexico, started arriving in Tijuana this week. \u003ccite>(Erin Siegal McIntyre/KQED)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Vasquez said many in Tijuana are ready to donate blankets, and step in to assist the Central American migrants. In the case of the Haitians, churches and community groups all pitched in, and ultimately helped more than 3,000 Haitians settle in Tijuana and find jobs.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Tijuana is a city of migrants,” said Rueda Gomez. “Everyone here is from somewhere else.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“The migrants are welcome here in Mexico,” he said. “There’s plenty of work here in Baja California. We’re one of the states with the lowest unemployment rate in the country. If people want to stay here to work, there’s work. People here will be OK with that. People in Baja California are generous and will receive them well, as they as long as they respect our laws.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>https://twitter.com/KQEDSashaKhokha/status/1063212935525400576\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad floatright]\u003c/p>\n",
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"excerpt": "As some in Tijuana lash out against a migrant caravan, one new arrival is hoping a haircut can help. ",
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"title": "Tijuana Struggles to Shelter Migrants, Combat Hostility of Some Local Residents | KQED",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>Juan Velasquez had just arrived in Tijuana on the migrant caravan, and was sitting in the barber’s chair at Padre Chava. It’s a Catholic center that serves breakfast, and offers migrants the use of a phone and free haircuts.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“I want to look more elegant, more cleaned up, so people here see us as good citizens,” said Velasquez.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>He was talking about the friction that has ramped up in Tijuana, as some local residents have \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/news/11706554/central-american-migrants-arriving-in-tijuana-find-rest-relief-at-a-beach-then-hostility\">scuffled with migrants on the beach near the border\u003c/a>, shouting at them to “go home.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11706893\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 1590px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"wp-image-11706893 size-full\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2018/11/Peluqueria_005-e1542403507849.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"1590\" height=\"1060\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2018/11/Peluqueria_005-e1542403507849.jpg 1590w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2018/11/Peluqueria_005-e1542403507849-160x107.jpg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2018/11/Peluqueria_005-e1542403507849-800x533.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2018/11/Peluqueria_005-e1542403507849-1020x680.jpg 1020w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2018/11/Peluqueria_005-e1542403507849-1200x800.jpg 1200w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 1590px) 100vw, 1590px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Barber school student Berenice Bajo cuts the hair of Juan Velasquez, a migrant from El Salvador, on Thursday, Nov. 15, 2018. Velasquez is one of the thousands of Central American migrants traveling together to the U.S-Mexico border. He was part of a group that arrived this week in Tijuana. At the Catholic center Padre Chava, migrants received breakfast and free haircuts provided by students at the Santana 5 Barber School. \u003ccite>(Erin Siegal McIntyre/KQED)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Velasquez wants people in Tijuana to see him and other migrants as “people who are dignified, respectful, clean-cut. We’re not robbing people, causing trouble. We’re just human beings.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Tears welled up in his eyes, as a volunteer beauty school student buzzed his hair with clippers. He said his father and siblings were killed in gang violence in El Salvador. He said he’s the only one left, and he’s gotten death threats, too.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“I can’t go back to my country. If the U.S. deports me back to El Salvador, it would be like sending me into a death trap,” he said in Spanish.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11706884\" class=\"wp-caption alignright\" style=\"max-width: 1920px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-full wp-image-11706884\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2018/11/Caravana_11152018_001-e1542402023840.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"1920\" height=\"1280\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2018/11/Caravana_11152018_001-e1542402023840.jpg 1920w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2018/11/Caravana_11152018_001-e1542402023840-160x107.jpg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2018/11/Caravana_11152018_001-e1542402023840-800x533.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2018/11/Caravana_11152018_001-e1542402023840-1020x680.jpg 1020w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2018/11/Caravana_11152018_001-e1542402023840-1200x800.jpg 1200w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 1920px) 100vw, 1920px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Migrants eat breakfast at the shelter Desayunador Padre Chava in Tijuana Thursday, Nov. 15, 2018. Thousands of Central American migrants traveling together in an exodus known as the “Caravan” continued arriving to the border city. \u003ccite>(Erin Siegal McIntyre/KQED)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Busloads of migrants like Velasquez were dropped off at the Padre Chava center Thursday. But as of Friday, it’s closed for several days of long-planned building renovations.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>That’s just part of the scramble to figure out where to feed and house migrants.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Instead of a triage effort, it could have been planned in advance, said Soraya Vasquez, with the \u003ca href=\"https://www.facebook.com/groups/702704259881756/%5D\">Comite Estrategico de Ayuda Humanitaria Tijuana\u003c/a>, a network of civic groups and activists that help migrants. She’s a lawyer who started the group when Haitian migrants began to arrive in Tijuana two years ago.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“The Haitians came so suddenly,” said Vasquez. “There was no planning. Here they’ve had a month. How is it that it’s a quarter to midnight and the government is just trying to figure out where to put people?”\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11706880\" class=\"wp-caption alignleft\" style=\"max-width: 800px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-medium wp-image-11706880\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2018/11/Caravana_11152018_006-800x533.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"800\" height=\"533\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">In the Mexican border city of Tijuana, thousands of Central American migrants traveling together in an exodus known as the “Caravan” continued arriving in the city Thursday, Nov. 15, 2018. Migrants rest in the temporary shelter operated by the Mexican government at the Unidad Deportiva Benito Juárez sports center. \u003ccite>(Erin Siegal McIntyre/KQED)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Vasquez thinks large spaces, rather than a patchwork of smaller shelters, are going to be more effective. The caravan is made up of several large delegations, who don’t seem to want to be separated. There’s also been some resistance from migrants who don’t like the rules at traditional shelters, requiring residents to come and go at certain times.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>As of Wednesday night, the government did open up a sports complex for people to sleep in. On Thursday afternoon, a few hundred camping mats were laid out in a large gymnasium-like room, and many other people were setting out their bedrolls under stadium bleachers outdoors.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Some migrants put down their backpacks and started up a game of soccer. Kids gravitated to the small playground inside the sports complex, shrieking with delight as they zipped down the slide.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Government officials say the stadium can hold up to 3,000 people, but they are still trying to figure out bathrooms and sanitation.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“The plan is to first make sure we take care of their health,” said Francisco Rueda Gomez, secretary general for the state of Baja California.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11706882\" class=\"wp-caption alignright\" style=\"max-width: 800px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"wp-image-11706882 size-medium\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2018/11/Caravana_11152018_008-800x533.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"800\" height=\"533\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">In the Mexican border city of Tijuana, thousands of Central American migrants traveling together in an exodus known as the “Caravan” continued arriving in the city Thursday, Nov. 15, 2018. Migrant kids play in the temporary shelter operated by the Mexican government at the Unidad Deportiva Benito Juárez sports center. \u003ccite>(Erin Siegal McIntyre/KQED)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>The state is asking the Mexican federal government for 80 million pesos in aid (about $4 million) to cover medicine, food and shelter. Rueda Gomez said local resources can only stretch for a week or 10 days. The migrants are likely to be in Tijuana for months, as they wait their turn to seek asylum in the U.S.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>At the same time, the government and some community advocates are trying to counter the xenophobia and classism that’s ramping up, as some Tijuana residents blame the newly arrived Central Americans for leaving trash, acting rowdy, drinking or smoking marijuana. A few migrants have also provoked anger by jumping up on the border fence.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“It’s natural that some people are afraid, because it’s a huge number of people coming into the city,” said Vasquez, the migrant advocate. “The government didn’t do a good job of advising people when the caravans would get here and what it would look like. But that doesn’t justify calls for hate, exclusion and discrimination.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11706964\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 1590px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"wp-image-11706964 size-full\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2018/11/Caravana_11152018_010-e1542410017470.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"1590\" height=\"1060\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2018/11/Caravana_11152018_010-e1542410017470.jpg 1590w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2018/11/Caravana_11152018_010-e1542410017470-160x107.jpg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2018/11/Caravana_11152018_010-e1542410017470-800x533.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2018/11/Caravana_11152018_010-e1542410017470-1020x680.jpg 1020w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2018/11/Caravana_11152018_010-e1542410017470-1200x800.jpg 1200w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 1590px) 100vw, 1590px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Migrants line up to enter the temporary shelter operated by the Mexican government at the Unidad Deportiva Benito Juárez sports center in Tijuana on Thursday, Nov. 15, 2018. \u003ccite>(Erin Siegal McIntyre/KQED)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11706963\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 1200px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-full wp-image-11706963\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2018/11/MG_8872.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"1200\" height=\"800\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2018/11/MG_8872.jpg 1200w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2018/11/MG_8872-160x107.jpg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2018/11/MG_8872-800x533.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2018/11/MG_8872-1020x680.jpg 1020w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 1200px) 100vw, 1200px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Two migrant girls arrive at a makeshift government shelter in Tijuana, Thursday Nov. 15, 2018. \u003ccite>(Erin Siegal McIntyre/KQED)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11706886\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 5616px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"wp-image-11706886 size-full\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2018/11/Caravana_11152018_005.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"5616\" height=\"3744\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2018/11/Caravana_11152018_005.jpg 5616w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2018/11/Caravana_11152018_005-160x107.jpg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2018/11/Caravana_11152018_005-800x533.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2018/11/Caravana_11152018_005-1020x680.jpg 1020w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2018/11/Caravana_11152018_005-1200x800.jpg 1200w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2018/11/Caravana_11152018_005-1920x1280.jpg 1920w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 5616px) 100vw, 5616px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Migrants enter the temporary shelter operated by the Mexican government at the Unidad Deportiva Benito Juárez sports center in Tijuana on Thursday, Nov. 15, 2018. Large groups of Central American migrants, who have been traveling in a caravan through Mexico, started arriving in Tijuana this week. \u003ccite>(Erin Siegal McIntyre/KQED)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Vasquez said many in Tijuana are ready to donate blankets, and step in to assist the Central American migrants. In the case of the Haitians, churches and community groups all pitched in, and ultimately helped more than 3,000 Haitians settle in Tijuana and find jobs.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Tijuana is a city of migrants,” said Rueda Gomez. “Everyone here is from somewhere else.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“The migrants are welcome here in Mexico,” he said. “There’s plenty of work here in Baja California. We’re one of the states with the lowest unemployment rate in the country. If people want to stay here to work, there’s work. People here will be OK with that. People in Baja California are generous and will receive them well, as they as long as they respect our laws.”\u003c/p>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"info": "Possible is hosted by entrepreneur Reid Hoffman and writer Aria Finger. Together in Possible, Hoffman and Finger lead enlightening discussions about building a brighter collective future. The show features interviews with visionary guests like Trevor Noah, Sam Altman and Janette Sadik-Khan. Possible paints an optimistic portrait of the world we can create through science, policy, business, art and our shared humanity. It asks: What if everything goes right for once? How can we get there? Each episode also includes a short fiction story generated by advanced AI GPT-4, serving as a thought-provoking springboard to speculate how humanity could leverage technology for good.",
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