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"content": "\u003cp>Landlords could be required to report rent payments to credit bureaus under a proposal making its way through the state legislature.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Assemblymember Matt Haney introduced \u003ca href=\"https://leginfo.legislature.ca.gov/faces/billTextClient.xhtml?bill_id=202320240AB2747\">AB 2747\u003c/a>, arguing it would help renters build credit by establishing a history of timely rent payments.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“To have access to a lot of things, whether it’s buying a home or buying a car or even having a place to rent, you need credit,” he said. “And a lot of people find themselves without the opportunity to build credit, even when they’re doing all of the right things, like paying their rent on time.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Under the proposal, property owners would have to offer to report tenants’ positive rental payment information to one of the major credit bureaus. But the law carves out a major exception: it wouldn’t apply to most buildings with 15 or fewer units. Landlords could charge tenants for the cost of reporting, up to $10 a month, and renters could put in a written request to stop the reporting but would have to wait six months to re-enroll.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Haney frames the proposal as a matter of fairness: When homeowners pay their mortgages each month, the payments are usually reported to credit agencies, bolstering their credit. He argues that renters shouldn’t miss out on this benefit of paying rent on time, especially since they can suffer negative credit consequences if rental debt ends up in collections.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>UCLA senior David Ramirez, 23, is the Government Relations Committee chair for the UC Student Association and is advocating for the bill on behalf of his peers. “It could be a game changer for many students,” he said. “Once we graduate, we’re going to need to find our own housing, we’re gonna need to buy our first car and do all these other things that would require a good credit. But we’re not necessarily prepared with the tools to really do that.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"https://www.consumerfinance.gov/data-research/research-reports/data-point-credit-invisibles/\">According to the Consumer Financial Protection Bureau\u003c/a>, some 45 million Americans didn’t have credit scores in 2015. This group was disproportionately young, Black, Latino and low-income.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Rent reporting is increasingly being touted as a way to change that. To date, \u003ca href=\"https://housingmatters.urban.org/articles/what-can-policymakers-do-advance-use-rental-payment-data-mortgage-underwriting#:~:text=Incentivizing%20rent%20reporting&text=Currently%2C%20fewer%20than%205%20percent,than%20on%2Dtime%2C%20payments.\">fewer than 5% of renter households are estimated\u003c/a> to have rental payment information reflected in their credit files, but at least \u003ca href=\"https://www.urban.org/sites/default/files/2022-03/access-to-rental-data-for-underwriting-mortgage-credit.pdf\">three states\u003c/a> now have some form of rent reporting measure in place, including California.[aside label=\"Related Stories\" tag=\"renters\"]Haney’s proposal builds off a law passed in 2020 that requires landlords with 15 or more state-subsidized affordable units to \u003ca href=\"https://leginfo.legislature.ca.gov/faces/billNavClient.xhtml?bill_id=201920200SB1157\">offer rent reporting\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>When U.S. Department of Housing and Urban Development staff \u003ca href=\"https://www.huduser.gov/portal/pdredge/pdr-edge-trending-062822.html\">interviewed property owners\u003c/a> about their experiences with that law, they expressed frustrations with setting up and administering the program. They also described tenants’ distrust and said they struggled to explain the benefits of rent reporting. They estimated that only four to 15% of their renters opted into the program.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Some property owner groups have voiced their opposition to the current proposal, balking at what they see as the latest effort to tighten the regulatory chokehold around their livelihoods. The California Rental Housing Association \u003ca href=\"https://leginfo.legislature.ca.gov/faces/billAnalysisClient.xhtml?bill_id=202320240AB2747#\">argues the law could create logistical and financial burdens\u003c/a> for landlords.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Tenant and consumer advocates are also raising concerns about the proposal.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“There’s too many unintended consequences in this,” said Shanti Singh, communications and legislative director for Tenants Together. “It’s really a black box for tenants. We don’t really understand how these agencies are going to actually interpret rental payment.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Among the unknowns Singh and others fret over: What happens if a tenant decides to opt out of reporting after a few months, or they move into a new building that isn’t required to offer reporting, or pay only part of their rent — will that negatively impact their score? If this becomes common practice, will landlords be biased against tenants who haven’t reported their rent payments? And what does that mean for those who can’t afford to pay for it?[aside label=\"More Coverage\" tag=\"tenants\"]National groups have \u003ca href=\"https://www.nclc.org/resources/even-the-catch-22s-come-with-catch-22s-potential-harms-drawbacks-of-rent-reporting/\">aired concerns about the practice\u003c/a> of rent reporting in general, arguing the biggest risks come with reporting both positive and negative rental payment history — but even reporting only on-time payments, like Haney’s bill proposes, could prove detrimental.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"https://www.urban.org/sites/default/files/2022-03/access-to-rental-data-for-underwriting-mortgage-credit.pdf\">Studies on the impacts of reporting positive rent payments\u003c/a> find that the vast majority of tenants experience credit score increases, but a subset see their scores drop. (Skeptics note the findings can be misleadingly positive because the studies involve small sample sizes and often \u003ca href=\"https://www.creditbuildersalliance.org/wp-content/uploads/2019/06/CBA-Power-of-Rent-Reporting-Pilot-White-Paper.pdf\">focus on residents in subsidized housing\u003c/a> whose rent payments are designed to be affordable. In some cases, the pilot programs paired \u003ca href=\"https://www.creditbuildersalliance.org/wp-content/uploads/2019/06/CBA-Power-of-Rent-Reporting-Pilot-White-Paper.pdf\">rent reporting with financial coaching\u003c/a>.)\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Tina Rosales-Torres, a housing policy advocate with the Western Center on Law and Poverty, shares many of these concerns. But because Haney’s bill has so far gotten strong support from lawmakers, she’s focused on working with them to improve it. “How do we make it the best for people if it’s going to happen?” she said. “How do we ensure people can actually use this?”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>To that end, she’s pushing for fewer property owners to be exempted from the law. As the proposal stands, buildings with fewer than 15 units would be exempt, unless they’re owned by an LLC, a corporation, a trust or an individual with multiple residential properties. “The right to build their credit really shouldn’t be determined based on who owns their home,” she said.\u003c/p>\n\n",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>Haney’s proposal builds off a law passed in 2020 that requires landlords with 15 or more state-subsidized affordable units to \u003ca href=\"https://leginfo.legislature.ca.gov/faces/billNavClient.xhtml?bill_id=201920200SB1157\">offer rent reporting\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>When U.S. Department of Housing and Urban Development staff \u003ca href=\"https://www.huduser.gov/portal/pdredge/pdr-edge-trending-062822.html\">interviewed property owners\u003c/a> about their experiences with that law, they expressed frustrations with setting up and administering the program. They also described tenants’ distrust and said they struggled to explain the benefits of rent reporting. They estimated that only four to 15% of their renters opted into the program.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Some property owner groups have voiced their opposition to the current proposal, balking at what they see as the latest effort to tighten the regulatory chokehold around their livelihoods. The California Rental Housing Association \u003ca href=\"https://leginfo.legislature.ca.gov/faces/billAnalysisClient.xhtml?bill_id=202320240AB2747#\">argues the law could create logistical and financial burdens\u003c/a> for landlords.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Tenant and consumer advocates are also raising concerns about the proposal.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“There’s too many unintended consequences in this,” said Shanti Singh, communications and legislative director for Tenants Together. “It’s really a black box for tenants. We don’t really understand how these agencies are going to actually interpret rental payment.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Among the unknowns Singh and others fret over: What happens if a tenant decides to opt out of reporting after a few months, or they move into a new building that isn’t required to offer reporting, or pay only part of their rent — will that negatively impact their score? If this becomes common practice, will landlords be biased against tenants who haven’t reported their rent payments? And what does that mean for those who can’t afford to pay for it?\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>National groups have \u003ca href=\"https://www.nclc.org/resources/even-the-catch-22s-come-with-catch-22s-potential-harms-drawbacks-of-rent-reporting/\">aired concerns about the practice\u003c/a> of rent reporting in general, arguing the biggest risks come with reporting both positive and negative rental payment history — but even reporting only on-time payments, like Haney’s bill proposes, could prove detrimental.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"https://www.urban.org/sites/default/files/2022-03/access-to-rental-data-for-underwriting-mortgage-credit.pdf\">Studies on the impacts of reporting positive rent payments\u003c/a> find that the vast majority of tenants experience credit score increases, but a subset see their scores drop. (Skeptics note the findings can be misleadingly positive because the studies involve small sample sizes and often \u003ca href=\"https://www.creditbuildersalliance.org/wp-content/uploads/2019/06/CBA-Power-of-Rent-Reporting-Pilot-White-Paper.pdf\">focus on residents in subsidized housing\u003c/a> whose rent payments are designed to be affordable. In some cases, the pilot programs paired \u003ca href=\"https://www.creditbuildersalliance.org/wp-content/uploads/2019/06/CBA-Power-of-Rent-Reporting-Pilot-White-Paper.pdf\">rent reporting with financial coaching\u003c/a>.)\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Tina Rosales-Torres, a housing policy advocate with the Western Center on Law and Poverty, shares many of these concerns. But because Haney’s bill has so far gotten strong support from lawmakers, she’s focused on working with them to improve it. “How do we make it the best for people if it’s going to happen?” she said. “How do we ensure people can actually use this?”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>To that end, she’s pushing for fewer property owners to be exempted from the law. As the proposal stands, buildings with fewer than 15 units would be exempt, unless they’re owned by an LLC, a corporation, a trust or an individual with multiple residential properties. “The right to build their credit really shouldn’t be determined based on who owns their home,” she said.\u003c/p>\n\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>",
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"content": "\u003cp>As Dr. Rishi Patel’s street medicine van bounces over dirt roads and empty fields in rural Kern County, he’s looking for a particular patient he knows is overdue for her shot.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The woman, who has schizophrenia and has been living outside for five years, has several goals for herself: Start thinking more clearly, stop using meth and get an ID so she can visit her son in jail. Patel hopes the shot — a long-acting antipsychotic — will help her meet all of them.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Patel, medical director of Akido Street Medicine, is one of many street doctors throughout California using these injections as an increasingly common tool to help combat the state’s intertwined homelessness and mental health crises. Typically administered into a patient’s shoulder muscle, the medication slowly releases into the bloodstream over time, providing relief from symptoms of psychosis for a month or longer. The shots replace a patient’s oral medication — no more taking a pill every day. For people who are homeless and routinely have their pills stolen, can’t make it to a pharmacy for a refill or simply forget to take them, the shots can mean the difference between staying on their medication, or not.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“They’ve been an absolute game-changer,” Patel said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Street medicine teams bring the shots directly to their patients wherever they are — whether it’s in a tent along Skid Row in Los Angeles, in a dugout in the middle of a field in the Central Valley, or along the bank of a stream in Shasta County. Doctors can diagnose someone, prescribe the medication, get their consent and give the shot within a matter of days — or sometimes even more quickly — and with minimal paperwork and red tape. They don’t need a psychiatrist’s sign-off.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>It’s estimated that California is home to more than 180,000 homeless residents. \u003ca href=\"https://calmatters.org/housing/2023/08/care-court-california-start/\">How to help\u003c/a> the sickest of them — people with severe, untreated psychosis who might wander into traffic or otherwise put themselves in danger — has become a \u003ca href=\"https://calmatters.org/health/mental-health/2023/12/mental-health-conservatorship-newsom/\">hot-button issue\u003c/a>, with Gov. Gavin Newsom and state lawmakers creating new and sometimes controversial ways to get people into treatment. In a recent \u003ca href=\"https://homelessness.ucsf.edu/sites/default/files/2023-06/CASPEH_Report_62023.pdf\">UCSF survey (PDF)\u003c/a> of homeless Californians, 12% reported experiencing hallucinations in the past 30 days, and more than a quarter said they’d ever been hospitalized for a mental health condition.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Doctors say the goal of giving an antipsychotic shot to someone living in an encampment is to get them thinking clearly, so that they can start engaging with social workers, sign up for benefits and get on housing waitlists. While Newsom’s new CARE Court allows judges to order people into mental health treatment, and other recent legislation makes it easier to put people with a serious mental illness into conservatorships, doctors administering street injections take a different approach. The treatment is voluntary, and people can get help where they are, instead of in a locked facility.[aside label=\"Related Stories\" tag=\"homelessness\"]Some success stories are dramatic. Doctors talk about patients who one day are babbling incoherently, and a week after a shot, are having conversations.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“It’s been pretty common that that’s the initiation of, ‘We’re going indoors,’” said Dr. Coley King, director of homeless health care for the Venice Family Clinic in Los Angeles. He said he’s seen dozens of patients get off the street after taking these shots.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>As with any medication, the shots can have side effects. And while a patient can stop taking a pill and generally put a stop to a negative reaction, once they’ve been given a shot, they have no choice but to wait a month for the drug to wear off.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Despite some street doctors’ rave reviews, injectable antipsychotics still aren’t reaching everyone who experts say they could help. Street medicine teams report having just a handful of patients on these medications at any one time (King’s team in Los Angeles has about two dozen). Some patients don’t want the shots, balking at the idea of having a drug in their system for an entire month, especially if they have feelings of paranoia related to health care.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>And street doctors complain that hospitals still seem to prefer discharging patients from temporary psychiatric holds with a bottle of pills they may or may not take — instead of giving them a long-acting shot.\u003c/p>\n\u003ch2 id=\"h-losing-track-of-patients\" class=\"wp-block-heading\">Losing track of patients\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>One of the biggest challenges street doctors face in administering these shots is following up with patients.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In Kern County, Patel hasn’t seen the woman he’s looking for since his team gave her first antipsychotic shot almost two months ago. Now she’s past due for another dose.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>It’s worrying, Patel said, “because I don’t know how she did on it.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The last place they saw her was at an encampment known as “The Sump” in the Central Valley farming community of Lamont, where she lived in a plywood shack along a muddy ditch behind a farm. But code enforcement recently cleared everyone out of that area, and Patel’s team doesn’t have a phone number or any other way to contact her.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11989533\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 1568px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-full wp-image-11989533\" src=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/06/053124-Bakersfield-Injectable-LV_15-ezgif.com-webp-to-jpg-converter.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"1568\" height=\"1045\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/06/053124-Bakersfield-Injectable-LV_15-ezgif.com-webp-to-jpg-converter.jpg 1568w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/06/053124-Bakersfield-Injectable-LV_15-ezgif.com-webp-to-jpg-converter-800x533.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/06/053124-Bakersfield-Injectable-LV_15-ezgif.com-webp-to-jpg-converter-1020x680.jpg 1020w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/06/053124-Bakersfield-Injectable-LV_15-ezgif.com-webp-to-jpg-converter-160x107.jpg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/06/053124-Bakersfield-Injectable-LV_15-ezgif.com-webp-to-jpg-converter-1536x1024.jpg 1536w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 1568px) 100vw, 1568px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Dr. Rishi Patel from the Akido street medicine team checks on several unhoused people on May 28, 2024. Street medicine teams throughout California are increasingly using long-acting injectable antipsychotic medication to stabilize the mental health of people living in homeless encampments. \u003ccite>(Larry Valenzuela/CalMatters/CatchLight Local)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>The first place they look is another encampment known as “the Shrine,” because it once held a shrine to Santa Muerte, a Mexican saint of death often prayed to by drug dealers. The team drives the van through an empty field of dead, yellow grass. Several people are living in room-sized pits they’ve dug into the dirt and covered with tarps and sheets of metal. Next to the vacant land is a vineyard, with rows of vines dotted with small, green grapes.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>She’s not there, so the team hands out sack lunches and bottles of water, then gets back in the van and leaves.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“We’ve seen results,” said Kirk McGowan, a street medicine nurse with Akido. “But we’ve seen more failures than successes. That’s just kind of the nature of the situation.”\u003c/p>\n\u003ch2>Who should prescribe antipsychotic injections?\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>In most cases, the people prescribing and administering antipsychotic shots in homeless encampments are general practice doctors — not specially trained psychiatrists. That’s because despite the growing prevalence of street medicine, street psychiatrists are still rare, according to a recent \u003ca href=\"https://www.chcf.org/wp-content/uploads/2023/03/CAStreetMedLandscapeSurveyReport.pdf\">USC report (PDF)\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“You look over your shoulder and there’s not a psychiatrist there helping you out,” King said. “And we want to meet the need. We want to take care of these patients. They’re really, really ill, they’re really disorganized, and suffering and dying on the streets.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>There are no legal restrictions preventing a general practice doctor from administering these injections. But some practitioners think the responsibility should be reserved for psychiatric providers.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11989539\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 2000px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-full wp-image-11989539\" src=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/06/053124-Bakersfield-Injectable-LV_11-ezgif.com-webp-to-jpg-converter.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"2000\" height=\"1333\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/06/053124-Bakersfield-Injectable-LV_11-ezgif.com-webp-to-jpg-converter.jpg 2000w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/06/053124-Bakersfield-Injectable-LV_11-ezgif.com-webp-to-jpg-converter-800x533.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/06/053124-Bakersfield-Injectable-LV_11-ezgif.com-webp-to-jpg-converter-1020x680.jpg 1020w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/06/053124-Bakersfield-Injectable-LV_11-ezgif.com-webp-to-jpg-converter-160x107.jpg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/06/053124-Bakersfield-Injectable-LV_11-ezgif.com-webp-to-jpg-converter-1536x1024.jpg 1536w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/06/053124-Bakersfield-Injectable-LV_11-ezgif.com-webp-to-jpg-converter-1920x1280.jpg 1920w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 2000px) 100vw, 2000px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Dr. Rishi Patel from the Akido street medicine team checks on an unhoused man living in a vineyard in Arvin on May 28, 2024. Street medicine teams throughout California are increasingly using long-acting injectable antipsychotic medication to stabilize the mental health of people living in homeless encampments. \u003ccite>(Larry Valenzuela/CalMatters/CatchLight Local)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>“These medications are in there for an extended period of time,” said Keri Weinstock, a psychiatric nurse practitioner who practices street medicine in Shasta County. “They do come with risks. There are specialty things that come along with some of these specialty meds, and it’s a lot to learn when you have to know everything else, too.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Some street doctors who give these shots seek out additional psychiatric training, while others learn on the job — often with a psychiatrist on speed dial, just in case.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“I don’t think it’s rocket science to diagnose schizophrenia, as long as we’ve done it with some thoughtfulness,” King said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In-the-field diagnoses aren’t always clear-cut, Patel said. Sometimes, people do such a good job of hiding their symptoms that it’s hard to tell they’re dealing with psychosis. Or, instead of experiencing obvious hallucinations or other symptoms commonly associated with schizophrenia, patients experience “negative symptoms,” such as extreme social withdrawal.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>When those types of cases arise, Patel calls a psychologist for a second opinion.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>While these drugs are generally considered safe, they do come with a risk of side effects that can include dizziness, sedation, stiffness and decreased mobility. Those symptoms might be no big deal for someone living in a house, but for someone on the street, could be catastrophic, said Dr. Shayan Rab, a street psychiatrist with Los Angeles County’s Homeless Outreach and Mobile Engagement team. It could make someone more vulnerable to being attacked or robbed, or prevent them from accessing food or shelter.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“It’s a very serious kind of action that’s being taken and a lot of time needs to be spent before you say, ‘Hey, this individual is safe for a long-acting injection,’” he said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>To make sure a patient doesn’t have an adverse reaction, doctors typically give them an oral dose of the same medication for a few days before administering the shot.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11989540\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 1568px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-full wp-image-11989540\" src=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/06/053124-Bakersfield-Injectable-LV_20-ezgif.com-webp-to-jpg-converter.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"1568\" height=\"1045\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/06/053124-Bakersfield-Injectable-LV_20-ezgif.com-webp-to-jpg-converter.jpg 1568w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/06/053124-Bakersfield-Injectable-LV_20-ezgif.com-webp-to-jpg-converter-800x533.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/06/053124-Bakersfield-Injectable-LV_20-ezgif.com-webp-to-jpg-converter-1020x680.jpg 1020w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/06/053124-Bakersfield-Injectable-LV_20-ezgif.com-webp-to-jpg-converter-160x107.jpg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/06/053124-Bakersfield-Injectable-LV_20-ezgif.com-webp-to-jpg-converter-1536x1024.jpg 1536w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 1568px) 100vw, 1568px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">An Abilify Maintena shot being prepared by the Akido street medicine team at their main office in Bakersfield on May 28, 2024. Street medicine teams throughout California are increasingly using long-acting injectable antipsychotic medication to stabilize the mental health of people living in homeless encampments. \u003ccite>(Larry Valenzuela/CalMatters/CatchLight Local)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>There’s also a risk that after a street doctor gives someone a shot, that patient could later get sent to the hospital on a temporary psychiatric hold. Doctors there might not know the patient already has a long-acting dose of antipsychotic medication in their body, and might give them another dose.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Before giving someone a shot, Dr. Aislinn Bird wants to be 100% sure their symptoms are actually caused by psychotic disorder, such as schizophrenia, and not complex PTSD, major depressive disorder, methamphetamine use, or something else. Overdiagnosis of psychotic disorders is rampant, especially in the African American community, Bird said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“You have to be sure you really know the correct diagnosis,” said Bird, who serves as director of Integrated Care at Health Care for the Homeless in Alameda County.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But Dr. Susan Partovi, who practices street medicine on Skid Row in Los Angeles, said that’s an “antiquated way of thinking.” When someone is experiencing psychosis, it’s an emergency that needs to be treated as soon as possible, no matter the cause, she said. Her preference is to treat the symptoms first, and then see if the patient wants to work on other issues, such as substance use.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Antipsychotic injectables, such as Abilify and Invega, tend to be most prevalent in street medicine practices. But street doctors also administer long-acting injectable HIV medication, as well as medication for addiction such as Vivitrol — an injectable, long-acting medication that can help reduce cravings for opioids and alcohol, and protect against overdose.\u003c/p>\n\u003ch2 id=\"h-silencing-the-voices-in-his-head\" class=\"wp-block-heading\">Silencing the voices in his head\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>Ricardo Fonseca Jr., who goes by “Ricky,” has been homeless for two years, living in a tent behind a Dollar Tree, then in a park in rural Kern County. The 31-year-old said he was working as a welder until he had a sudden mental breakdown and started hearing voices.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The voices said horrible things to him. Sometimes they yelled, and he yelled back, scaring those around him. He used methamphetamine to cope.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“It was getting to the point where I just felt like killing myself,” Fonseca said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Two months ago, Fonseca started taking a monthly shot of the antipsychotic drug Abilify. Since then, “everything’s changed,” he said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Now, Fonseca is staying at a friend’s house and considering going to school. He says he’s stopped using meth.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad floatright]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“I can finally hear the birds and the crickets,” he said. “I couldn’t hear them before.”\u003c/p>\n\n",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>As Dr. Rishi Patel’s street medicine van bounces over dirt roads and empty fields in rural Kern County, he’s looking for a particular patient he knows is overdue for her shot.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The woman, who has schizophrenia and has been living outside for five years, has several goals for herself: Start thinking more clearly, stop using meth and get an ID so she can visit her son in jail. Patel hopes the shot — a long-acting antipsychotic — will help her meet all of them.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Patel, medical director of Akido Street Medicine, is one of many street doctors throughout California using these injections as an increasingly common tool to help combat the state’s intertwined homelessness and mental health crises. Typically administered into a patient’s shoulder muscle, the medication slowly releases into the bloodstream over time, providing relief from symptoms of psychosis for a month or longer. The shots replace a patient’s oral medication — no more taking a pill every day. For people who are homeless and routinely have their pills stolen, can’t make it to a pharmacy for a refill or simply forget to take them, the shots can mean the difference between staying on their medication, or not.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“They’ve been an absolute game-changer,” Patel said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Street medicine teams bring the shots directly to their patients wherever they are — whether it’s in a tent along Skid Row in Los Angeles, in a dugout in the middle of a field in the Central Valley, or along the bank of a stream in Shasta County. Doctors can diagnose someone, prescribe the medication, get their consent and give the shot within a matter of days — or sometimes even more quickly — and with minimal paperwork and red tape. They don’t need a psychiatrist’s sign-off.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>It’s estimated that California is home to more than 180,000 homeless residents. \u003ca href=\"https://calmatters.org/housing/2023/08/care-court-california-start/\">How to help\u003c/a> the sickest of them — people with severe, untreated psychosis who might wander into traffic or otherwise put themselves in danger — has become a \u003ca href=\"https://calmatters.org/health/mental-health/2023/12/mental-health-conservatorship-newsom/\">hot-button issue\u003c/a>, with Gov. Gavin Newsom and state lawmakers creating new and sometimes controversial ways to get people into treatment. In a recent \u003ca href=\"https://homelessness.ucsf.edu/sites/default/files/2023-06/CASPEH_Report_62023.pdf\">UCSF survey (PDF)\u003c/a> of homeless Californians, 12% reported experiencing hallucinations in the past 30 days, and more than a quarter said they’d ever been hospitalized for a mental health condition.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Doctors say the goal of giving an antipsychotic shot to someone living in an encampment is to get them thinking clearly, so that they can start engaging with social workers, sign up for benefits and get on housing waitlists. While Newsom’s new CARE Court allows judges to order people into mental health treatment, and other recent legislation makes it easier to put people with a serious mental illness into conservatorships, doctors administering street injections take a different approach. The treatment is voluntary, and people can get help where they are, instead of in a locked facility.\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>Some success stories are dramatic. Doctors talk about patients who one day are babbling incoherently, and a week after a shot, are having conversations.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“It’s been pretty common that that’s the initiation of, ‘We’re going indoors,’” said Dr. Coley King, director of homeless health care for the Venice Family Clinic in Los Angeles. He said he’s seen dozens of patients get off the street after taking these shots.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>As with any medication, the shots can have side effects. And while a patient can stop taking a pill and generally put a stop to a negative reaction, once they’ve been given a shot, they have no choice but to wait a month for the drug to wear off.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Despite some street doctors’ rave reviews, injectable antipsychotics still aren’t reaching everyone who experts say they could help. Street medicine teams report having just a handful of patients on these medications at any one time (King’s team in Los Angeles has about two dozen). Some patients don’t want the shots, balking at the idea of having a drug in their system for an entire month, especially if they have feelings of paranoia related to health care.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>And street doctors complain that hospitals still seem to prefer discharging patients from temporary psychiatric holds with a bottle of pills they may or may not take — instead of giving them a long-acting shot.\u003c/p>\n\u003ch2 id=\"h-losing-track-of-patients\" class=\"wp-block-heading\">Losing track of patients\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>One of the biggest challenges street doctors face in administering these shots is following up with patients.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In Kern County, Patel hasn’t seen the woman he’s looking for since his team gave her first antipsychotic shot almost two months ago. Now she’s past due for another dose.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>It’s worrying, Patel said, “because I don’t know how she did on it.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The last place they saw her was at an encampment known as “The Sump” in the Central Valley farming community of Lamont, where she lived in a plywood shack along a muddy ditch behind a farm. But code enforcement recently cleared everyone out of that area, and Patel’s team doesn’t have a phone number or any other way to contact her.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11989533\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 1568px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-full wp-image-11989533\" src=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/06/053124-Bakersfield-Injectable-LV_15-ezgif.com-webp-to-jpg-converter.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"1568\" height=\"1045\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/06/053124-Bakersfield-Injectable-LV_15-ezgif.com-webp-to-jpg-converter.jpg 1568w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/06/053124-Bakersfield-Injectable-LV_15-ezgif.com-webp-to-jpg-converter-800x533.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/06/053124-Bakersfield-Injectable-LV_15-ezgif.com-webp-to-jpg-converter-1020x680.jpg 1020w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/06/053124-Bakersfield-Injectable-LV_15-ezgif.com-webp-to-jpg-converter-160x107.jpg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/06/053124-Bakersfield-Injectable-LV_15-ezgif.com-webp-to-jpg-converter-1536x1024.jpg 1536w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 1568px) 100vw, 1568px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Dr. Rishi Patel from the Akido street medicine team checks on several unhoused people on May 28, 2024. Street medicine teams throughout California are increasingly using long-acting injectable antipsychotic medication to stabilize the mental health of people living in homeless encampments. \u003ccite>(Larry Valenzuela/CalMatters/CatchLight Local)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>The first place they look is another encampment known as “the Shrine,” because it once held a shrine to Santa Muerte, a Mexican saint of death often prayed to by drug dealers. The team drives the van through an empty field of dead, yellow grass. Several people are living in room-sized pits they’ve dug into the dirt and covered with tarps and sheets of metal. Next to the vacant land is a vineyard, with rows of vines dotted with small, green grapes.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>She’s not there, so the team hands out sack lunches and bottles of water, then gets back in the van and leaves.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“We’ve seen results,” said Kirk McGowan, a street medicine nurse with Akido. “But we’ve seen more failures than successes. That’s just kind of the nature of the situation.”\u003c/p>\n\u003ch2>Who should prescribe antipsychotic injections?\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>In most cases, the people prescribing and administering antipsychotic shots in homeless encampments are general practice doctors — not specially trained psychiatrists. That’s because despite the growing prevalence of street medicine, street psychiatrists are still rare, according to a recent \u003ca href=\"https://www.chcf.org/wp-content/uploads/2023/03/CAStreetMedLandscapeSurveyReport.pdf\">USC report (PDF)\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“You look over your shoulder and there’s not a psychiatrist there helping you out,” King said. “And we want to meet the need. We want to take care of these patients. They’re really, really ill, they’re really disorganized, and suffering and dying on the streets.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>There are no legal restrictions preventing a general practice doctor from administering these injections. But some practitioners think the responsibility should be reserved for psychiatric providers.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11989539\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 2000px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-full wp-image-11989539\" src=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/06/053124-Bakersfield-Injectable-LV_11-ezgif.com-webp-to-jpg-converter.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"2000\" height=\"1333\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/06/053124-Bakersfield-Injectable-LV_11-ezgif.com-webp-to-jpg-converter.jpg 2000w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/06/053124-Bakersfield-Injectable-LV_11-ezgif.com-webp-to-jpg-converter-800x533.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/06/053124-Bakersfield-Injectable-LV_11-ezgif.com-webp-to-jpg-converter-1020x680.jpg 1020w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/06/053124-Bakersfield-Injectable-LV_11-ezgif.com-webp-to-jpg-converter-160x107.jpg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/06/053124-Bakersfield-Injectable-LV_11-ezgif.com-webp-to-jpg-converter-1536x1024.jpg 1536w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/06/053124-Bakersfield-Injectable-LV_11-ezgif.com-webp-to-jpg-converter-1920x1280.jpg 1920w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 2000px) 100vw, 2000px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Dr. Rishi Patel from the Akido street medicine team checks on an unhoused man living in a vineyard in Arvin on May 28, 2024. Street medicine teams throughout California are increasingly using long-acting injectable antipsychotic medication to stabilize the mental health of people living in homeless encampments. \u003ccite>(Larry Valenzuela/CalMatters/CatchLight Local)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>“These medications are in there for an extended period of time,” said Keri Weinstock, a psychiatric nurse practitioner who practices street medicine in Shasta County. “They do come with risks. There are specialty things that come along with some of these specialty meds, and it’s a lot to learn when you have to know everything else, too.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Some street doctors who give these shots seek out additional psychiatric training, while others learn on the job — often with a psychiatrist on speed dial, just in case.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“I don’t think it’s rocket science to diagnose schizophrenia, as long as we’ve done it with some thoughtfulness,” King said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In-the-field diagnoses aren’t always clear-cut, Patel said. Sometimes, people do such a good job of hiding their symptoms that it’s hard to tell they’re dealing with psychosis. Or, instead of experiencing obvious hallucinations or other symptoms commonly associated with schizophrenia, patients experience “negative symptoms,” such as extreme social withdrawal.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>When those types of cases arise, Patel calls a psychologist for a second opinion.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>While these drugs are generally considered safe, they do come with a risk of side effects that can include dizziness, sedation, stiffness and decreased mobility. Those symptoms might be no big deal for someone living in a house, but for someone on the street, could be catastrophic, said Dr. Shayan Rab, a street psychiatrist with Los Angeles County’s Homeless Outreach and Mobile Engagement team. It could make someone more vulnerable to being attacked or robbed, or prevent them from accessing food or shelter.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“It’s a very serious kind of action that’s being taken and a lot of time needs to be spent before you say, ‘Hey, this individual is safe for a long-acting injection,’” he said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>To make sure a patient doesn’t have an adverse reaction, doctors typically give them an oral dose of the same medication for a few days before administering the shot.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11989540\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 1568px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-full wp-image-11989540\" src=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/06/053124-Bakersfield-Injectable-LV_20-ezgif.com-webp-to-jpg-converter.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"1568\" height=\"1045\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/06/053124-Bakersfield-Injectable-LV_20-ezgif.com-webp-to-jpg-converter.jpg 1568w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/06/053124-Bakersfield-Injectable-LV_20-ezgif.com-webp-to-jpg-converter-800x533.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/06/053124-Bakersfield-Injectable-LV_20-ezgif.com-webp-to-jpg-converter-1020x680.jpg 1020w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/06/053124-Bakersfield-Injectable-LV_20-ezgif.com-webp-to-jpg-converter-160x107.jpg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/06/053124-Bakersfield-Injectable-LV_20-ezgif.com-webp-to-jpg-converter-1536x1024.jpg 1536w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 1568px) 100vw, 1568px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">An Abilify Maintena shot being prepared by the Akido street medicine team at their main office in Bakersfield on May 28, 2024. Street medicine teams throughout California are increasingly using long-acting injectable antipsychotic medication to stabilize the mental health of people living in homeless encampments. \u003ccite>(Larry Valenzuela/CalMatters/CatchLight Local)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>There’s also a risk that after a street doctor gives someone a shot, that patient could later get sent to the hospital on a temporary psychiatric hold. Doctors there might not know the patient already has a long-acting dose of antipsychotic medication in their body, and might give them another dose.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Before giving someone a shot, Dr. Aislinn Bird wants to be 100% sure their symptoms are actually caused by psychotic disorder, such as schizophrenia, and not complex PTSD, major depressive disorder, methamphetamine use, or something else. Overdiagnosis of psychotic disorders is rampant, especially in the African American community, Bird said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“You have to be sure you really know the correct diagnosis,” said Bird, who serves as director of Integrated Care at Health Care for the Homeless in Alameda County.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But Dr. Susan Partovi, who practices street medicine on Skid Row in Los Angeles, said that’s an “antiquated way of thinking.” When someone is experiencing psychosis, it’s an emergency that needs to be treated as soon as possible, no matter the cause, she said. Her preference is to treat the symptoms first, and then see if the patient wants to work on other issues, such as substance use.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Antipsychotic injectables, such as Abilify and Invega, tend to be most prevalent in street medicine practices. But street doctors also administer long-acting injectable HIV medication, as well as medication for addiction such as Vivitrol — an injectable, long-acting medication that can help reduce cravings for opioids and alcohol, and protect against overdose.\u003c/p>\n\u003ch2 id=\"h-silencing-the-voices-in-his-head\" class=\"wp-block-heading\">Silencing the voices in his head\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>Ricardo Fonseca Jr., who goes by “Ricky,” has been homeless for two years, living in a tent behind a Dollar Tree, then in a park in rural Kern County. The 31-year-old said he was working as a welder until he had a sudden mental breakdown and started hearing voices.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The voices said horrible things to him. Sometimes they yelled, and he yelled back, scaring those around him. He used methamphetamine to cope.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“It was getting to the point where I just felt like killing myself,” Fonseca said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Two months ago, Fonseca started taking a monthly shot of the antipsychotic drug Abilify. Since then, “everything’s changed,” he said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Now, Fonseca is staying at a friend’s house and considering going to school. He says he’s stopped using meth.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“I can finally hear the birds and the crickets,” he said. “I couldn’t hear them before.”\u003c/p>\n\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>",
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"slug": "state-supreme-court-ruling-allows-housing-plan-to-move-forward-at-peoples-park",
"title": "State Supreme Court Ruling Allows Housing Plan To Move Forward At People's Park",
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"headTitle": "State Supreme Court Ruling Allows Housing Plan To Move Forward At People’s Park | KQED",
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"content": "\u003cp>\u003cb>Here are the morning’s top stories on Friday, June 7, 2024… \u003c/b>\u003c/p>\n\u003cul>\n\u003cli style=\"font-weight: 400\">\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">The California Supreme Court \u003c/span>\u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/news/11989237/uc-berkeley-can-start-building-on-peoples-park-california-supreme-court-rules\">\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">has ruled\u003c/span>\u003c/a>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\"> that UC Berkeley can start construction on student and supportive housing in People’s Park — and also gave the green light to a much larger campus expansion project. Opponents \u003c/span>\u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/news/11971915/peoples-park-fight-pits-housing-against-history\">\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">have argued\u003c/span>\u003c/a>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\"> the university should have studied alternative sites for construction and considered the amount of noise that students living in that new housing would generate. \u003c/span>\u003c/li>\n\u003cli style=\"font-weight: 400\">\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">Sacramento County’s homeless population \u003c/span>\u003ca href=\"https://www.capradio.org/articles/2024/06/05/sacramento-countys-unhoused-population-drops-29-bucking-recent-trends/\">\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">dropped 29% \u003c/span>\u003c/a>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">compared with two years ago. That’s \u003c/span>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">according to the \u003c/span>\u003ca href=\"https://sacramentostepsforward.org/continuum-of-care-point-in-time-pit-count/2024-point-in-time-count/\">\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">2024 Point In Time Count\u003c/span>\u003c/a>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">. It’s one of the largest reductions in homelessness statewide.\u003c/span>\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>California has funded over 4 million tax-free savings accounts for students to pay for college, but many families \u003ca href=\"https://calmatters.org/education/higher-education/2024/05/calkids-unclaimed-accounts-money-for-college/\">don’t seem to know the money’s there.\u003c/a> The California Kids Investment and Development Savings Program launched in 2022, but as of early May, families have claimed just over 313,000 of the accounts.\u003c/li>\n\u003c/ul>\n\u003ch2>\u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/news/11989237/uc-berkeley-can-start-building-on-peoples-park-california-supreme-court-rules\">\u003cb>UC Berkeley Can Start Building On People’s Park, California Supreme Court Rules\u003c/b>\u003c/a>\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">Capping a decades-long \u003c/span>\u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/news/11971915/peoples-park-fight-pits-housing-against-history\">\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">battle over the fate of People’s Park\u003c/span>\u003c/a>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">, the California Supreme Court ruled Thursday that UC Berkeley can start constructing a student dormitory and supportive housing facility on the property.\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">The case stemmed from a 2021 lawsuit against UC Berkeley’s \u003c/span>\u003ca href=\"https://capitalstrategies.berkeley.edu/planning-documents\">\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">Long Range Development Plan\u003c/span>\u003c/a>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">, which aims to add nearly 12,000 new student beds and 8 million square feet of new classrooms, research labs, libraries and other amenities.\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">Neighborhood groups, Make UC A Good Neighbor and the People’s Park Historic District Advocacy Group, brought the initial lawsuit, arguing that the park should be protected as a historic landmark.\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">The groups also sought to make a novel case under state environmental law, arguing that noise generated by the future student residents would be a form of pollution, requiring UC Berkeley to study the impacts on neighbors. Although noise is considered pollution under the California Environmental Quality Act (CEQA), it had previously been used exclusively in arguments against concert venues or industrial sites.\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003ch2>\u003ca href=\"https://www.capradio.org/articles/2024/06/05/sacramento-countys-unhoused-population-drops-29-bucking-recent-trends/\">\u003cb>Sacramento County’s Unhoused Population Drops 29%, Bucking Recent Trends\u003c/b>\u003c/a>\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>Rows of RVs, tent encampments and other make-shift homes still line Sacramento County’s streets and sidewalks, as they have for years. But progress on the region’s homelessness crisis is underway, according to a closely-watched report released on Wednesday.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The county’s unhoused population dropped 29% over the past two years — to an estimated 6,615 people, breaking a trend of surging homelessness numbers, according to the \u003ca href=\"https://sacramentostepsforward.org/continuum-of-care-point-in-time-pit-count/2024-point-in-time-count/\">2024 Point In Time Count\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>It’s one of the largest reductions in homelessness statewide after Sacramento County made headlines two years ago for one of the biggest increases, \u003ca href=\"https://www.capradio.org/articles/2022/06/28/sacramentos-homeless-population-spikes-67-to-nearly-9300-since-2019/\">a 67% spike compared with its 2019 survey\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003ch2>\u003ca href=\"https://calmatters.org/education/higher-education/2024/05/calkids-unclaimed-accounts-money-for-college/\">\u003cb>Raising Kids In California? They May Have College Savings Accounts You Don’t Know About\u003c/b>\u003c/a>\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">Nearly 3.7 million students and 667,000 newborns in California have money invested in a savings account to help pay for college. But most families don’t know the money is there. \u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">Under CalKIDS, all babies born in California receive a sum. Babies born between July 1, 2022 and June 30, 2023 received $25 deposits, and all babies born after July 1, 2023 receive $100 deposits. \u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">As part of the program, all low-income first grade students receive a one-time deposit of $500. First-graders who are in foster care receive an extra $500 and homeless first-graders receive $500 more, totalling $1500 for some students. All the accounts are tax-free, and the money is invested whether or not families claim their accounts. \u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">Yet, of the 4.3 million student accounts created, only 313,445 accounts have been claimed by families, meaning they have \u003c/span>\u003ca href=\"https://calkids.org/get-started/\">\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">registered online\u003c/span>\u003c/a>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\"> and seen the amount in their accounts. \u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\n",
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"title": "State Supreme Court Ruling Allows Housing Plan To Move Forward At People's Park | KQED",
"description": "Here are the morning’s top stories on Friday, June 7, 2024… The California Supreme Court has ruled that UC Berkeley can start construction on student and supportive housing in People’s Park -- and also gave the green light to a much larger campus expansion project. Opponents have argued the university should have studied alternative sites for construction and considered the amount of noise that students living in that new housing would generate. Sacramento County’s homeless population dropped 29% compared with two years ago. That’s according to the 2024 Point In Time Count. It’s one of the largest reductions in homelessness",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>\u003cb>Here are the morning’s top stories on Friday, June 7, 2024… \u003c/b>\u003c/p>\n\u003cul>\n\u003cli style=\"font-weight: 400\">\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">The California Supreme Court \u003c/span>\u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/news/11989237/uc-berkeley-can-start-building-on-peoples-park-california-supreme-court-rules\">\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">has ruled\u003c/span>\u003c/a>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\"> that UC Berkeley can start construction on student and supportive housing in People’s Park — and also gave the green light to a much larger campus expansion project. Opponents \u003c/span>\u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/news/11971915/peoples-park-fight-pits-housing-against-history\">\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">have argued\u003c/span>\u003c/a>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\"> the university should have studied alternative sites for construction and considered the amount of noise that students living in that new housing would generate. \u003c/span>\u003c/li>\n\u003cli style=\"font-weight: 400\">\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">Sacramento County’s homeless population \u003c/span>\u003ca href=\"https://www.capradio.org/articles/2024/06/05/sacramento-countys-unhoused-population-drops-29-bucking-recent-trends/\">\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">dropped 29% \u003c/span>\u003c/a>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">compared with two years ago. That’s \u003c/span>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">according to the \u003c/span>\u003ca href=\"https://sacramentostepsforward.org/continuum-of-care-point-in-time-pit-count/2024-point-in-time-count/\">\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">2024 Point In Time Count\u003c/span>\u003c/a>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">. It’s one of the largest reductions in homelessness statewide.\u003c/span>\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>California has funded over 4 million tax-free savings accounts for students to pay for college, but many families \u003ca href=\"https://calmatters.org/education/higher-education/2024/05/calkids-unclaimed-accounts-money-for-college/\">don’t seem to know the money’s there.\u003c/a> The California Kids Investment and Development Savings Program launched in 2022, but as of early May, families have claimed just over 313,000 of the accounts.\u003c/li>\n\u003c/ul>\n\u003ch2>\u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/news/11989237/uc-berkeley-can-start-building-on-peoples-park-california-supreme-court-rules\">\u003cb>UC Berkeley Can Start Building On People’s Park, California Supreme Court Rules\u003c/b>\u003c/a>\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">Capping a decades-long \u003c/span>\u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/news/11971915/peoples-park-fight-pits-housing-against-history\">\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">battle over the fate of People’s Park\u003c/span>\u003c/a>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">, the California Supreme Court ruled Thursday that UC Berkeley can start constructing a student dormitory and supportive housing facility on the property.\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">The case stemmed from a 2021 lawsuit against UC Berkeley’s \u003c/span>\u003ca href=\"https://capitalstrategies.berkeley.edu/planning-documents\">\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">Long Range Development Plan\u003c/span>\u003c/a>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">, which aims to add nearly 12,000 new student beds and 8 million square feet of new classrooms, research labs, libraries and other amenities.\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">Neighborhood groups, Make UC A Good Neighbor and the People’s Park Historic District Advocacy Group, brought the initial lawsuit, arguing that the park should be protected as a historic landmark.\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">The groups also sought to make a novel case under state environmental law, arguing that noise generated by the future student residents would be a form of pollution, requiring UC Berkeley to study the impacts on neighbors. Although noise is considered pollution under the California Environmental Quality Act (CEQA), it had previously been used exclusively in arguments against concert venues or industrial sites.\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003ch2>\u003ca href=\"https://www.capradio.org/articles/2024/06/05/sacramento-countys-unhoused-population-drops-29-bucking-recent-trends/\">\u003cb>Sacramento County’s Unhoused Population Drops 29%, Bucking Recent Trends\u003c/b>\u003c/a>\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>Rows of RVs, tent encampments and other make-shift homes still line Sacramento County’s streets and sidewalks, as they have for years. But progress on the region’s homelessness crisis is underway, according to a closely-watched report released on Wednesday.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The county’s unhoused population dropped 29% over the past two years — to an estimated 6,615 people, breaking a trend of surging homelessness numbers, according to the \u003ca href=\"https://sacramentostepsforward.org/continuum-of-care-point-in-time-pit-count/2024-point-in-time-count/\">2024 Point In Time Count\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>It’s one of the largest reductions in homelessness statewide after Sacramento County made headlines two years ago for one of the biggest increases, \u003ca href=\"https://www.capradio.org/articles/2022/06/28/sacramentos-homeless-population-spikes-67-to-nearly-9300-since-2019/\">a 67% spike compared with its 2019 survey\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003ch2>\u003ca href=\"https://calmatters.org/education/higher-education/2024/05/calkids-unclaimed-accounts-money-for-college/\">\u003cb>Raising Kids In California? They May Have College Savings Accounts You Don’t Know About\u003c/b>\u003c/a>\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">Nearly 3.7 million students and 667,000 newborns in California have money invested in a savings account to help pay for college. But most families don’t know the money is there. \u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">Under CalKIDS, all babies born in California receive a sum. Babies born between July 1, 2022 and June 30, 2023 received $25 deposits, and all babies born after July 1, 2023 receive $100 deposits. \u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">As part of the program, all low-income first grade students receive a one-time deposit of $500. First-graders who are in foster care receive an extra $500 and homeless first-graders receive $500 more, totalling $1500 for some students. All the accounts are tax-free, and the money is invested whether or not families claim their accounts. \u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">Yet, of the 4.3 million student accounts created, only 313,445 accounts have been claimed by families, meaning they have \u003c/span>\u003ca href=\"https://calkids.org/get-started/\">\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">registered online\u003c/span>\u003c/a>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\"> and seen the amount in their accounts. \u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>",
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"title": "UC Berkeley Can Start Building on People's Park, California Supreme Court Rules",
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"content": "\u003cp>\u003cem>Updated 2:30 p.m. Friday, June 7.\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Capping a decades-long \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/news/11971915/peoples-park-fight-pits-housing-against-history\">battle over the fate of People’s Park\u003c/a>, the California Supreme Court ruled Thursday that UC Berkeley can start constructing a student dormitory and supportive housing facility on the property.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The case stemmed from a 2021 lawsuit against UC Berkeley’s \u003ca href=\"https://capitalstrategies.berkeley.edu/planning-documents\">Long Range Development Plan\u003c/a>, which aims to add nearly 12,000 new student beds and 8 million square feet of new classrooms, research labs, libraries and other amenities.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“We are pleased and relieved that the Supreme Court’s decision enables the campus to resume construction at People’s Park,” Kyle Gibson, UC Berkeley’s director of communications, said in a statement. “The housing components of the project are desperately needed by our students and unhoused people.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Two neighborhood groups, Make UC A Good Neighbor and the People’s Park Historic District Advocacy Group, brought the initial lawsuit, arguing that the park should be protected as a historic landmark.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“We’ll be losing a lot with People’s Park,” Harvey Smith, president of the People’s Park Historic District Advocacy Group, said on Thursday. “It’s a national historic site, so this goes beyond Berkeley; it goes beyond the state of California. All that is being ignored.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Speaking to reporters from his Berkeley office Friday, Mayor Jesse \u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">Arreguín \u003c/span>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">acknowledged the park’s more than half-century-long role as a center for political activism and community building. But, he said, “H\u003c/span>istory should not stop us from progress\u003ci>.”\u003c/i>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“We face these huge challenges as a city, as a region, as a state, of rampant homelessness and housing affordability,” he said. “And I think that the city of Berkeley and the university need to do something to address those those challenges, too.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The neighborhood groups had sought to make a novel case under state environmental law, arguing that noise generated by the future student residents would be a form of pollution, requiring UC Berkeley to study the impacts on neighbors. Although noise is considered pollution under the California Environmental Quality Act (CEQA), it had previously been used exclusively in arguments against concert venues or industrial sites.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In February 2023, an appellate court agreed with the groups and ruled that the university had to study the noise from future residents and its impact on neighbors, as well as consider alternative sites for the proposed development at People’s Park and housing built elsewhere on campus.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The Supreme Court ruled that none of Make UC A Good Neighbor’s claims about social noise had merit and reversed the Court of Appeal’s judgment.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“We decline to consider Good Neighbor’s alternative locations argument with respect to potential future housing projects,” the opinion read. “In short, as all parties have effectively acknowledged, this lawsuit poses no obstacle to the development of the People’s Park housing project.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[aside postID=news_11981358,news_11971915,news_11971858 label='related coverage']In the face of the state’s and UC Berkeley’s student housing crisis, many California legislators had sought alternative ways to protect the university’s campus expansion plan. Assemblymember Buffy Wicks (D-Berkeley) \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/news/11959483/legislation-that-could-push-peoples-park-student-housing-project-forward-heads-to-newsom\">penned AB 1307\u003c/a>, a bill specifically tailored to this project. It amended CEQA so developers don’t have to consider noise generated by future residents as having a “significant effect on the environment” and allowed public universities not to have to consider alternative locations for projects.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>That bill was quickly signed into law and effectively cleared the way for the People’s Park development, but it left the door open on whether UC Berkeley would have to study noise impacts and consider alternative sites for other housing projects in its Long Range Development Plan.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Thursday’s Supreme Court ruling closed that door, stating that “the new law applies to both the People’s Park housing project and the development plan.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">Arreguín, who is \u003ca href=\"https://oaklandside.org/2024/03/06/state-senate-results-district-7-berkeley-oakland/\">running for a state Senate seat\u003c/a>, lauded the ruling, calling the lower court’s decision “misguided” and “not based in fact or law.”\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Imagine how that could be weaponized by NIMBYs throughout California to stop affordable housing, to stop permanent supportive housing and stop student housing?” he said. “Thankfully, that will no longer be a barrier for this project or any project in California.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Historically, courts have taken a more expansive view of CEQA seeking to protect the environment, according to UC Davis land-use law professor Chris Elmendorf. This ruling suggests a shift in perspective.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“The California Supreme Court is interpreting CEQA in light of current legislative sentiments rather than in light of judicial sentiments from the 1970s,” Elmendorf said. “The court is sort of trying to make CEQA responsive to present-day needs, as expressed by the political branches of government, rather than carrying forward a vision of CEQA that was first advanced in the courts in the 1970s.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The university currently provides the lowest amount of student housing within the UC system: about 22% of its more than 45,000 undergraduate and graduate students have access to university-provided housing. The People’s Park project and other housing included in the long-range plan would effectively double the number of beds the university provides.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“The campus is turning its attention to the timeline for resuming construction now that all legal challenges have been resolved by the California Supreme Court,” Gibson said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>KQED’s Erin Baldassari contributed to this story. \u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\n",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>\u003cem>Updated 2:30 p.m. Friday, June 7.\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Capping a decades-long \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/news/11971915/peoples-park-fight-pits-housing-against-history\">battle over the fate of People’s Park\u003c/a>, the California Supreme Court ruled Thursday that UC Berkeley can start constructing a student dormitory and supportive housing facility on the property.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The case stemmed from a 2021 lawsuit against UC Berkeley’s \u003ca href=\"https://capitalstrategies.berkeley.edu/planning-documents\">Long Range Development Plan\u003c/a>, which aims to add nearly 12,000 new student beds and 8 million square feet of new classrooms, research labs, libraries and other amenities.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“We are pleased and relieved that the Supreme Court’s decision enables the campus to resume construction at People’s Park,” Kyle Gibson, UC Berkeley’s director of communications, said in a statement. “The housing components of the project are desperately needed by our students and unhoused people.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Two neighborhood groups, Make UC A Good Neighbor and the People’s Park Historic District Advocacy Group, brought the initial lawsuit, arguing that the park should be protected as a historic landmark.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“We’ll be losing a lot with People’s Park,” Harvey Smith, president of the People’s Park Historic District Advocacy Group, said on Thursday. “It’s a national historic site, so this goes beyond Berkeley; it goes beyond the state of California. All that is being ignored.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Speaking to reporters from his Berkeley office Friday, Mayor Jesse \u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">Arreguín \u003c/span>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">acknowledged the park’s more than half-century-long role as a center for political activism and community building. But, he said, “H\u003c/span>istory should not stop us from progress\u003ci>.”\u003c/i>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“We face these huge challenges as a city, as a region, as a state, of rampant homelessness and housing affordability,” he said. “And I think that the city of Berkeley and the university need to do something to address those those challenges, too.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The neighborhood groups had sought to make a novel case under state environmental law, arguing that noise generated by the future student residents would be a form of pollution, requiring UC Berkeley to study the impacts on neighbors. Although noise is considered pollution under the California Environmental Quality Act (CEQA), it had previously been used exclusively in arguments against concert venues or industrial sites.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In February 2023, an appellate court agreed with the groups and ruled that the university had to study the noise from future residents and its impact on neighbors, as well as consider alternative sites for the proposed development at People’s Park and housing built elsewhere on campus.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The Supreme Court ruled that none of Make UC A Good Neighbor’s claims about social noise had merit and reversed the Court of Appeal’s judgment.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“We decline to consider Good Neighbor’s alternative locations argument with respect to potential future housing projects,” the opinion read. “In short, as all parties have effectively acknowledged, this lawsuit poses no obstacle to the development of the People’s Park housing project.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>In the face of the state’s and UC Berkeley’s student housing crisis, many California legislators had sought alternative ways to protect the university’s campus expansion plan. Assemblymember Buffy Wicks (D-Berkeley) \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/news/11959483/legislation-that-could-push-peoples-park-student-housing-project-forward-heads-to-newsom\">penned AB 1307\u003c/a>, a bill specifically tailored to this project. It amended CEQA so developers don’t have to consider noise generated by future residents as having a “significant effect on the environment” and allowed public universities not to have to consider alternative locations for projects.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>That bill was quickly signed into law and effectively cleared the way for the People’s Park development, but it left the door open on whether UC Berkeley would have to study noise impacts and consider alternative sites for other housing projects in its Long Range Development Plan.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Thursday’s Supreme Court ruling closed that door, stating that “the new law applies to both the People’s Park housing project and the development plan.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">Arreguín, who is \u003ca href=\"https://oaklandside.org/2024/03/06/state-senate-results-district-7-berkeley-oakland/\">running for a state Senate seat\u003c/a>, lauded the ruling, calling the lower court’s decision “misguided” and “not based in fact or law.”\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Imagine how that could be weaponized by NIMBYs throughout California to stop affordable housing, to stop permanent supportive housing and stop student housing?” he said. “Thankfully, that will no longer be a barrier for this project or any project in California.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Historically, courts have taken a more expansive view of CEQA seeking to protect the environment, according to UC Davis land-use law professor Chris Elmendorf. This ruling suggests a shift in perspective.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“The California Supreme Court is interpreting CEQA in light of current legislative sentiments rather than in light of judicial sentiments from the 1970s,” Elmendorf said. “The court is sort of trying to make CEQA responsive to present-day needs, as expressed by the political branches of government, rather than carrying forward a vision of CEQA that was first advanced in the courts in the 1970s.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The university currently provides the lowest amount of student housing within the UC system: about 22% of its more than 45,000 undergraduate and graduate students have access to university-provided housing. The People’s Park project and other housing included in the long-range plan would effectively double the number of beds the university provides.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“The campus is turning its attention to the timeline for resuming construction now that all legal challenges have been resolved by the California Supreme Court,” Gibson said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>KQED’s Erin Baldassari contributed to this story. \u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>",
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"content": "\u003cp>A day after a \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/news/11988750/massive-fire-burns-affordable-housing-construction-near-redwood-city\">fire ripped through an affordable housing building\u003c/a> under construction near Redwood City, local leaders are vowing to rebuild.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“It’s just a devastating loss in terms of affordable units,” said San Mateo County Board of Supervisors President Warren Slocum, who represents the district where the Middlefield Junction complex is located. “We’re all committed to rebuilding. We’re not just going to walk away from it.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>San Mateo County needs to build more than \u003ca href=\"https://www.smcgov.org/media/148393/download?inline\">1,200 housing units for low- and very-low-income families by 2031 to meet the expected demand\u003c/a>, and the damaged complex was among the largest in the county’s development pipeline.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The 179-unit project would house 177 low-income families, with two apartments reserved for managers. One building with 104 units was burned down to its concrete foundation, while a neighboring 75-unit building that includes a planned child care center was not damaged.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The cause of the fire is still under investigation, which could take weeks to complete, fire officials said. Slocum said conversations about rebuilding are already underway with the developer, Mercy Housing California, though the timeline is unclear.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The company declined interview requests. In a statement, spokesperson Rosalyn G. Sternberg said Mercy is committed to seeing the project through. “As soon as it is safe for our teams, and following a thorough investigation, we will return to work at the Middlefield Junction site to assess the damage and make a plan to move forward with construction,” she said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>A statement posted on the website of the project contractor, Danville-based James E. Roberts-Obayashi Corporation, said the company is dedicated to completing the development and called the fire “the worst disaster in our company’s 92-year history.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Slocum expects insurance to cover much of the cost of rebuilding and said the county will likely seek state and federal funds to make up the difference.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Raymond Hodges, director of San Mateo County’s Housing Department, said the project was a decade in the making. It took years to work out details, including rezoning the site with local community councils and working with the developer to secure both public and private investments.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[aside label='Related Coverage' tag='housing']\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Funding for the $155 million development includes loans from the county, state grants, and federal COVID-19 relief funds. It’s being built on a 3.2-acre plot of land the county purchased about 10 years ago for housing, officials said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In addition to stitching together a patchwork of funding sources, Hodges said finding land for affordable housing is a huge challenge in pricey San Mateo County. The North Fair Oaks location was a good fit because of its proximity to a county health clinic and community center, he said, adding, “It’s a community that’s experienced quite a bit of displacement and price pressure.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The apartments being built at Middlefield Junction would be reserved for people earning incomes considered extremely low, very low and low on the pricey San Francisco peninsula. Twenty of the apartments would be set aside for people experiencing homelessness and receiving care management and supportive services from San Mateo County Health.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Since 2012, San Mateo County has helped finance or support 4,752 affordable housing units across 65 projects. There are 2,874 units complete, with 1,237 in planning phases and 641, including the 179 from Middlefield Junction, under construction.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“To have this happen and set such a big portion of the pipeline back, it’s pretty devastating,” Hodges said. “There certainly will be insurance claims for this to try and recoup some money so that we can get the project restarted. But how long it will take, I think, is anybody’s guess at this point.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>KQED South Bay Digital Editor Joseph Geha contributed to this report.\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\n",
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"excerpt": "Officials say they are committed to rebuilding an affordable apartment structure that was burned down to its foundation during construction, but the timeline is unclear. ",
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"title": "Affordable Housing Building Near Redwood City Will Be Rebuilt After Fire | KQED",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>A day after a \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/news/11988750/massive-fire-burns-affordable-housing-construction-near-redwood-city\">fire ripped through an affordable housing building\u003c/a> under construction near Redwood City, local leaders are vowing to rebuild.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“It’s just a devastating loss in terms of affordable units,” said San Mateo County Board of Supervisors President Warren Slocum, who represents the district where the Middlefield Junction complex is located. “We’re all committed to rebuilding. We’re not just going to walk away from it.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>San Mateo County needs to build more than \u003ca href=\"https://www.smcgov.org/media/148393/download?inline\">1,200 housing units for low- and very-low-income families by 2031 to meet the expected demand\u003c/a>, and the damaged complex was among the largest in the county’s development pipeline.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The 179-unit project would house 177 low-income families, with two apartments reserved for managers. One building with 104 units was burned down to its concrete foundation, while a neighboring 75-unit building that includes a planned child care center was not damaged.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The cause of the fire is still under investigation, which could take weeks to complete, fire officials said. Slocum said conversations about rebuilding are already underway with the developer, Mercy Housing California, though the timeline is unclear.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The company declined interview requests. In a statement, spokesperson Rosalyn G. Sternberg said Mercy is committed to seeing the project through. “As soon as it is safe for our teams, and following a thorough investigation, we will return to work at the Middlefield Junction site to assess the damage and make a plan to move forward with construction,” she said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>A statement posted on the website of the project contractor, Danville-based James E. Roberts-Obayashi Corporation, said the company is dedicated to completing the development and called the fire “the worst disaster in our company’s 92-year history.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Slocum expects insurance to cover much of the cost of rebuilding and said the county will likely seek state and federal funds to make up the difference.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Raymond Hodges, director of San Mateo County’s Housing Department, said the project was a decade in the making. It took years to work out details, including rezoning the site with local community councils and working with the developer to secure both public and private investments.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Funding for the $155 million development includes loans from the county, state grants, and federal COVID-19 relief funds. It’s being built on a 3.2-acre plot of land the county purchased about 10 years ago for housing, officials said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In addition to stitching together a patchwork of funding sources, Hodges said finding land for affordable housing is a huge challenge in pricey San Mateo County. The North Fair Oaks location was a good fit because of its proximity to a county health clinic and community center, he said, adding, “It’s a community that’s experienced quite a bit of displacement and price pressure.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The apartments being built at Middlefield Junction would be reserved for people earning incomes considered extremely low, very low and low on the pricey San Francisco peninsula. Twenty of the apartments would be set aside for people experiencing homelessness and receiving care management and supportive services from San Mateo County Health.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Since 2012, San Mateo County has helped finance or support 4,752 affordable housing units across 65 projects. There are 2,874 units complete, with 1,237 in planning phases and 641, including the 179 from Middlefield Junction, under construction.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“To have this happen and set such a big portion of the pipeline back, it’s pretty devastating,” Hodges said. “There certainly will be insurance claims for this to try and recoup some money so that we can get the project restarted. But how long it will take, I think, is anybody’s guess at this point.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>KQED South Bay Digital Editor Joseph Geha contributed to this report.\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>",
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"slug": "should-california-double-down-on-building-tiny-homes-for-people-experiencing-homelessness",
"title": "Should California Double Down on Building Tiny Homes for People Experiencing Homelessness?",
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"headTitle": "Should California Double Down on Building Tiny Homes for People Experiencing Homelessness? | KQED",
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"content": "\u003cp>When 48-year-old Carlos Ruben Jacobo was living on the streets, he preferred to sleep in the park than take a bed at one of San José’s group shelters.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“There were just too many horror stories for me to go there — staff robbing you, people robbing you,” he said. “Bad people there.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>So, when a caseworker offered him a spot at one of the city’s newest tiny home villages, he was skeptical.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>He changed his mind when he learned he’d get his own room with a bathroom and air conditioning, and when he saw photos of the colorful shipping container-like buildings arranged around a courtyard with shaded tables, gated dog runs and a communal kitchen that offered three free meals a day.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Once I got in here, I [felt] safe,” he said. “It really feels like home.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Jacobo is one of more than 1,600 people who’ve lived in a tiny home in San José — a city that has embraced this type of temporary housing more aggressively than nearly any other in the state. There’s no statewide data tallying the homes — the term has become shorthand for everything from rudimentary sheds to multi-story modular housing — but cities across California, from \u003ca href=\"https://app.powerbi.com/view?r=eyJrIjoiMzVmZDBjYTctNjQ0OS00ZDE3LTg2ODAtNGM2MjkwMDgzODY1IiwidCI6IjBiYWU1NDliLTUyZDgtNGEzYi1hYTE5LWQ1MDY2MmIzMDg5NyIsImMiOjZ9&pageName=ReportSection\">Los Angeles\u003c/a> to Sacramento to \u003ca href=\"https://www.oaklandca.gov/news/city-of-oakland-opens-100-bed-cabin-shelter-program-at-wood-street\">Oakland\u003c/a>, have each added scores of them in recent years.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Last year, Gov. Gavin Newsom signaled his support for the approach when \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/news/11987494/newsom-promised-1200-tiny-homes-for-unhoused-californians-but-a-year-later-none-have-opened\">he promised\u003c/a> to distribute 1,200 more to select cities, including San José. Supporters have heralded the individual accommodations as a \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/news/11943746/newsom-will-mobilize-national-guard-to-deliver-1200-tiny-homes-to-address-homelessness-crisis\">faster, cheaper, and more humane\u003c/a> way to whisk people off the streets.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>At a moment when unsheltered homelessness in California has reached epidemic proportions, and the devastating mental and \u003ca href=\"https://www.healthaffairs.org/doi/full/10.1377/hlthaff.2023.01039\">physical consequences\u003c/a> of living outdoors have never been more clear, tiny homes offer an alternative to group shelters.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Now lawmakers are considering a plan to expedite their construction. A \u003ca href=\"https://leginfo.legislature.ca.gov/faces/billTextClient.xhtml?bill_id=202320240SB1395\">proposed state law\u003c/a>, SB 1395, would make it easier to build tiny home villages by clearing some of the red tape that slows new projects.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“We’ve seen this dramatic increase in people dying on our streets,” said state Sen. Josh Becker (D-Menlo Park), who introduced the bill. “We have to get people off the streets. This is an extremely cost effective way to do that.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11988811\" class=\"wp-caption alignnone\" style=\"max-width: 1920px\">\u003ca href=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/06/006_KQED_SanJoseInterimHousing_01302023_qut.jpg\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-full wp-image-11988811\" src=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/06/006_KQED_SanJoseInterimHousing_01302023_qut.jpg\" alt=\"A site with multiple grey tiny homes.\" width=\"1920\" height=\"1280\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/06/006_KQED_SanJoseInterimHousing_01302023_qut.jpg 1920w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/06/006_KQED_SanJoseInterimHousing_01302023_qut-800x533.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/06/006_KQED_SanJoseInterimHousing_01302023_qut-1020x680.jpg 1020w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/06/006_KQED_SanJoseInterimHousing_01302023_qut-160x107.jpg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/06/006_KQED_SanJoseInterimHousing_01302023_qut-1536x1024.jpg 1536w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 1920px) 100vw, 1920px\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Shipping containers converted to homes line the perimeter of Evans Lane housing, an interim housing facility located on city-owned land, in San Jose on Jan. 30, 2023. \u003ccite>(Beth LaBerge/KQED)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>But there are longstanding concerns surrounding the model. Data around outcomes is mixed, with rates of success at getting people into permanent homes varying from city to city and site to site. And skeptics are wary that tiny homes risk normalizing substandard housing, arguing they do nothing to either prevent homelessness or solve it.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Meanwhile, \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/news/11982237/california-audit-questions-state-homelessness-spending-san-jose\">a recent state audit\u003c/a> blasted the Newsom administration, along with local governments, for failing to track whether the $24 billion spent on reducing homelessness in recent years is actually working — calling into question whether tiny homes like the one where Jacobo lives are worth their cost.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“If half of American renters can’t pay their rent, is a tiny home the answer?” said Jennifer Loving, CEO of Destination Home, a Silicon Valley organization, \u003ca href=\"https://www.jchs.harvard.edu/americas-rental-housing-2024\">referring to a recent report\u003c/a> from Harvard University’s Joint Center for Housing Studies. “It’s better than somebody being on the streets, but it’s not an answer to homelessness.”\u003c/p>\n\u003ch2>\u003cstrong>The promise\u003c/strong>\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>The tiny home village where Jacobo lives in San José, called the Guadalupe Emergency Interim Housing site, employs many of the field’s best practices, gleaned from \u003ca href=\"https://www.pdx.edu/homelessness/sites/homelessness.web.wdt.pdx.edu/files/2022-04/PSU%20HRAC%20Village%20Research%20%26%20How-To%20Guide%20-%2004%204%202022%20copy%202.pdf\">studies of existing sites\u003c/a> and \u003ca href=\"https://endhomelessness.org/wp-content/uploads/2022/12/DOC__ReimaginingInterimHousing_StagesActionAreas_FINAL.pdf\">focus groups\u003c/a> with people who’ve experienced homelessness.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The 96-room village was designed with input from formerly unhoused people who told developers it should be colorful, dog friendly and free of curfews or limits on how long people can live there. Case managers help clients track down documents, access benefits, and find jobs and housing. Many residents are enrolled in an employment training program run by Goodwill of Silicon Valley.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“That is the model that is going to be the most successful anywhere,” said Jocelyn Michelsen, associate vice president of LifeMoves, the nonprofit that operates the site and others across the city.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11988815\" class=\"wp-caption alignnone\" style=\"max-width: 1920px\">\u003ca href=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/06/IMG_7886_qut.jpg\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"wp-image-11988815 size-full\" src=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/06/IMG_7886_qut.jpg\" alt=\"A young man with sunglasses and a plaid shirt poses for a photo, with a housing complex in the background.\" width=\"1920\" height=\"1440\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/06/IMG_7886_qut.jpg 1920w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/06/IMG_7886_qut-800x600.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/06/IMG_7886_qut-1020x765.jpg 1020w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/06/IMG_7886_qut-160x120.jpg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/06/IMG_7886_qut-1536x1152.jpg 1536w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 1920px) 100vw, 1920px\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Carlos Ruben Jacobo at the Guadalupe Emergency Interim Housing site in San José on April 10, 2024. \u003ccite>(Vanessa Rancano/KQED)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Jacobo has been in his tiny home for about a year, longer than what Michelsen said is the typical stay of around nine months. Here, he plans to take advantage of job training he hopes will prepare him to work as a security guard. In the meantime, Jacobo said his city-assigned case manager is helping him apply for housing.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“I’m nervous because it’s a new journey,” he said. “But I’m excited at the same time because I want financial independence.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>San José Mayor Matt Mahan credits the city’s tiny homes with \u003ca href=\"https://news.santaclaracounty.gov/news-release/county-santa-clara-and-city-san-jose-release-preliminary-results-2023-point-time\">reducing unsheltered homelessness by 10%\u003c/a> from 2022 to 2023, even as it \u003ca href=\"https://www.ppic.org/blog/an-update-on-homelessness-in-california/#:~:text=Among%20the%2029%20CoCs%20reporting,was%2012.8%25%20higher%20in%202023.\">increased by roughly the same amount\u003c/a> statewide and nationally over that period.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The city doesn’t keep tabs on how often people accept offers of shelter at tiny home sites, but a city spokesperson said there’s a waitlist. And other research has demonstrated that people are more likely to accept offers of shelter at tiny homes, motels, or similar accommodations when residents get an individual room and the privacy it affords.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11988816\" class=\"wp-caption alignnone\" style=\"max-width: 1920px\">\u003ca href=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/06/002_Oakland_LakeviewVillageTinyHomes_11032021_qut.jpg\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-full wp-image-11988816\" src=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/06/002_Oakland_LakeviewVillageTinyHomes_11032021_qut.jpg\" alt=\"A row of small white houses on an semi-developed site, with a larger apartment building in the background.\" width=\"1920\" height=\"1280\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/06/002_Oakland_LakeviewVillageTinyHomes_11032021_qut.jpg 1920w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/06/002_Oakland_LakeviewVillageTinyHomes_11032021_qut-800x533.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/06/002_Oakland_LakeviewVillageTinyHomes_11032021_qut-1020x680.jpg 1020w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/06/002_Oakland_LakeviewVillageTinyHomes_11032021_qut-160x107.jpg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/06/002_Oakland_LakeviewVillageTinyHomes_11032021_qut-1536x1024.jpg 1536w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 1920px) 100vw, 1920px\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Rows of tiny homes line Lakeview Village, a community that can house 71 people in Oakland near Lake Merritt on Nov. 3, 2021. The tiny home community will provide transitional housing for unhoused people in the area. \u003ccite>(Beth LaBerge/KQED)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"https://www.abtglobal.com/prk\">One study\u003c/a> noted that it enabled some to get health care treatment for the first time since becoming unhoused. Another found that motel or hotel rooms lowered the mortality rate among residents, including from overdoses, and reduced interpersonal conflicts, police responses and \u003ca href=\"https://jamanetwork.com/journals/jamanetworkopen/fullarticle/2794705\">hospital stays.\u003c/a>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But enhanced privacy comes with a higher price tag. Pallet, a leading producer of tiny homes that has sold over 1,900 units in California over the past four years, has seen increasing interest from cities in units with ensuite bathrooms, according to CEO Amy King. But, she noted, individual plumbing hikes prices significantly.[aside label=\"more housing coverage\" tag=\"affordable-housing\"]“[Cities] are not following through with purchases of those unit types, with us or other vendors, at scale,” she said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In San José, each new tiny home costs between $75,000 and $175,000 to build, according to Mackenzie Mossing, Mahan’s chief policy officer. The price tags vary depending on unit size and whether bathrooms are private or shared, among other factors. That’s significantly more than new congregate shelters in the Bay Area, which \u003ca href=\"https://www.allhomeca.org/2023/03/20/strengthening-interim-housing/\">average around $43,000\u003c/a> per bed.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But while they are often more costly to build, they can be less costly to operate than traditional shelters. San José’s tiny homes range from just over $10,000 to nearly $29,000 per bed annually. By comparison, most of the local congregate shelters cost the county between around $17,000 and $35,000 per bed each year.\u003c/p>\n\u003ch2>\u003cstrong>Different sites, disparate outcomes\u003c/strong>\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>When it comes to how likely residents are to move out of these communities and into permanent homes, the data is inconclusive: Figures vary dramatically across cities and even across different tiny home sites within the same city.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>As part of a \u003ca href=\"https://www.bcsh.ca.gov/calich/landscape_assessment/\">state-commissioned study\u003c/a> released last year, UC Berkeley Terner Center researcher Ryan Finnigan visited tiny home sites across the state, surveyed service providers and talked to people experiencing homelessness. He found some tiny house communities offer robust services, while others are understaffed; their reputations varied accordingly.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“There’s just such variation in the model,” Finnigan said. “Sometimes people have just heard bad things.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In Oakland, John Janosko has few good things to say about the Wood Street Community Cabins, where he lived for almost a year. He said the shared bathroom facilities were frequently broken, and while he was grateful for free meals, he said the site provided paltry services.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>A spokesperson for the city pointed out the site was designed with input from future residents and said officials are working with the nonprofit that manages the program to address concerns.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“I’ve seen everyone’s mental state, their emotional state, their spiritual state, their physical state deteriorate,” Janosko said of his fellow residents, who he lived with in an encampment before moving into the cabins. “There’s nothing here to keep them … afloat.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11988818\" class=\"wp-caption alignnone\" style=\"max-width: 1920px\">\u003ca href=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/06/005_KQED_WoodStreet_12162022_qut.jpg\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-full wp-image-11988818\" src=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/06/005_KQED_WoodStreet_12162022_qut.jpg\" alt=\"A tiny home being transported on a trailer by a tow truck.\" width=\"1920\" height=\"1280\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/06/005_KQED_WoodStreet_12162022_qut.jpg 1920w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/06/005_KQED_WoodStreet_12162022_qut-800x533.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/06/005_KQED_WoodStreet_12162022_qut-1020x680.jpg 1020w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/06/005_KQED_WoodStreet_12162022_qut-160x107.jpg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/06/005_KQED_WoodStreet_12162022_qut-1536x1024.jpg 1536w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 1920px) 100vw, 1920px\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">A tiny home is trucked into the Wood Street Cabin Community, a planned 100-bed shelter program on the second portion of the Game Changer lot located at 2601 Wood Street, in Oakland on Dec. 16, 2022. \u003ccite>(Beth LaBerge/KQED)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Oakland got a \u003ca href=\"https://www.mercurynews.com/2023/03/11/oakland-nabs-1-million-in-homelessness-funds-to-fix-poor-outcomes-at-tiny-homes/\">$1 million grant last year\u003c/a> for one of its cabin community sites to quickly transition its residents to permanent housing after an \u003ca href=\"https://www.oaklandauditor.com/wp-content/uploads/2022/09/20220919_Performance-Audit_The-City-of-Oaklands-Homelessness-Services_Final.pdf\">audit\u003c/a> found that fewer than one in three residents left the sites for a permanent home. That’s an improvement over group shelters serving single adults in Oakland — though some years, only modestly. During the same time period, the proportion of people leaving group shelters for permanent housing ranged from a high of 24% in fiscal year 2018 to a low of 7% in fiscal year 2019.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Janosko said more support would make a difference. “These villages, they need people supporting them 24 hours a day, wraparound services,” he said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Still, even at San José’s Guadalupe site, the outcomes are not much better. Since the site opened a year ago, only about 30% of residents who have left the facility moved into permanent housing. Over a quarter returned to homelessness.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>And since 2020, across San José’s six city-funded tiny home communities, the percentage of people who ended up in permanent homes varies widely, from a low of 18% at the Felipe Avenue site, to a high of 77% at its tiny home village for families, called Evans Lane.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11988819\" class=\"wp-caption alignnone\" style=\"max-width: 1920px\">\u003ca href=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/06/010_KQED_SanJoseInterimHousing_01302023_qut.jpg\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-full wp-image-11988819\" src=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/06/010_KQED_SanJoseInterimHousing_01302023_qut.jpg\" alt=\"A row of grey tiny homes, with a child's red and yellow push car sitting in the walkway.\" width=\"1920\" height=\"1280\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/06/010_KQED_SanJoseInterimHousing_01302023_qut.jpg 1920w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/06/010_KQED_SanJoseInterimHousing_01302023_qut-800x533.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/06/010_KQED_SanJoseInterimHousing_01302023_qut-1020x680.jpg 1020w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/06/010_KQED_SanJoseInterimHousing_01302023_qut-160x107.jpg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/06/010_KQED_SanJoseInterimHousing_01302023_qut-1536x1024.jpg 1536w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 1920px) 100vw, 1920px\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Shipping containers converted to homes line the perimeter of Evans Lane housing, an interim housing facility located on city-owned land, in San José on Jan. 30, 2023. \u003ccite>(Beth LaBerge/KQED)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>City staff point out that the site with the worst outcomes requires people to leave after four months, unlike the others, where people can stay longer.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>If there isn’t an affordable home for residents to move to, service providers say many simply return to the streets. But it’s not just about the availability of housing, it’s also how to pay for it.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"https://destinationhomesv.org/documents/2024/02/2023-year-end-progress-report.pdf/\">Three out of four people\u003c/a> who leave temporary housing in Santa Clara County for permanent homes do so using federal vouchers for subsidized rent. But those vouchers are scarce: The waiting list in Santa Clara County has around 37,000 people on it. The county housing authority estimates it’s able to serve about one in six eligible residents.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Even if the tiny home facility is amazing, it’s hard for [residents] to move into housing if there’s no housing to move into,” Finnigan said, adding that success “depends as much on the availability of permanent housing as it does on what the shelter does.”\u003c/p>\n\u003ch2>\u003cstrong>Doubling down on tiny homes \u003c/strong>\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>Despite the varying outcomes across tiny home sites in San José, Mayor Mahan is on track to more than double the number of tiny home beds in the city. As he does, he’s coming under fire for pushing to use money earmarked for permanent affordable housing to pay for the temporary units. The city’s \u003ca href=\"https://www.sanjoseca.gov/home/showpublisheddocument/111495/638504154810170000\">most recent budget proposal\u003c/a> could divert the entirety of its \u003ca href=\"https://www.sanjoseca.gov/your-government/departments-offices/housing/resource-library/housing-investment-plans-and-policy/measure-e-real-property-transfer-tax\">Measure E fund\u003c/a> away from new housing construction.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Consuelo Hernandez, director of the Santa Clara County Office of Supportive Housing, is bracing for the impact. Without a strong investment in new affordable housing, she said, “We are just putting people in these little boxes with no plan. … People need an exit strategy.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Shifting funds toward temporary solutions has also meant less money for prevention efforts. The county \u003ca href=\"https://osh.sccgov.org/sites/g/files/exjcpb671/files/documents/2023-year-end-progress-report.pdf\">saw a spike in the number of new people\u003c/a> falling into homelessness last year, and some observers note that trend corresponded with a decision by city leaders to fund more temporary housing.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11988820\" class=\"wp-caption alignnone\" style=\"max-width: 1920px\">\u003ca href=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/06/013_KQED_SanJoseInterimHousing_01302023_qut.jpg\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-full wp-image-11988820\" src=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/06/013_KQED_SanJoseInterimHousing_01302023_qut.jpg\" alt=\"A woman wearing sunglasses stands outside the door of a grey tiny home.\" width=\"1920\" height=\"1280\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/06/013_KQED_SanJoseInterimHousing_01302023_qut.jpg 1920w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/06/013_KQED_SanJoseInterimHousing_01302023_qut-800x533.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/06/013_KQED_SanJoseInterimHousing_01302023_qut-1020x680.jpg 1020w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/06/013_KQED_SanJoseInterimHousing_01302023_qut-160x107.jpg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/06/013_KQED_SanJoseInterimHousing_01302023_qut-1536x1024.jpg 1536w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 1920px) 100vw, 1920px\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Amanda Mora stands outside of her temporary home at Evans Lane housing, an interim housing facility located on city-owned land, in San José on Jan. 30, 2023. \u003ccite>(Beth LaBerge/KQED)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Still, Mahan wants other cities to follow his lead. He’s co-sponsoring SB 1395, the state bill that would help clear the way for more tiny home projects. The bill would ensure such projects are eligible for streamlined zoning under the Shelter Crisis Act, which allows for expedited development, and free up state money for this type of housing.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Mahan argues the change is needed to accelerate the time it takes to develop the projects, which has stretched from around four months to about a year, he said, ever since emergency provisions that expedited development during the pandemic were dropped.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>To remedy this, the City Council last year backed him in \u003ca href=\"https://sanjose.legistar.com/LegislationDetail.aspx?ID=6378017&GUID=E71DE1F2-BA21-4419-8CA2-8E2B84D78C48\">declaring a shelter emergency\u003c/a> that tweaked land-use rules and building codes, changes expected to shrink construction time significantly.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Under the loosened rules in San José, \u003ca href=\"https://sanjose.legistar.com/View.ashx?M=F&ID=12367591&GUID=BB074D4B-D265-4ED4-95EF-BF2F3EDAFC6B\">sites aren’t required to have running water\u003c/a>, just mobile showers and portable toilets.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>That raises concerns for some observers.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“These are meant to be really short-term emergency spaces where folks quickly move into permanent housing,” Finnigan, of the Terner Center, said. But given the reality that people may spend months or even years living in them, “There’s a real need to make the spaces where people are living for much longer than a couple of months dignified and healthy and stable and safe.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Sen. Becker points out that any tiny house is subject to state building codes, and is an improvement over the status quo.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The bill passed out of the Senate earlier this month with broad support.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“We can’t wait for that to solve the problem,” Becker said. “Sometimes you get in this area where you have the perfect get in the way of the great.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>Correction (June 4): The original version of this story stated that since 2020, only about 30% of residents who have left the Guadalupe Emergency Interim Housing site have moved into permanent housing. That is incorrect, as the site only opened about a year ago. In that time 26% of residents exited to homelessness, not nearly 40%. \u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad floatright]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>Correction (June 13): The original version of this story misspelled Ryan Finnigan’s surname. It is Finnigan, not Finnegan. \u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\n",
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"excerpt": "With unsheltered homelessness in California reaching epidemic proportions, lawmakers are considering legislation that would make it easier to build tiny home villages by clearing some of the red tape that slows new projects.",
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"title": "Should California Double Down on Building Tiny Homes for People Experiencing Homelessness? | KQED",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>When 48-year-old Carlos Ruben Jacobo was living on the streets, he preferred to sleep in the park than take a bed at one of San José’s group shelters.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“There were just too many horror stories for me to go there — staff robbing you, people robbing you,” he said. “Bad people there.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>So, when a caseworker offered him a spot at one of the city’s newest tiny home villages, he was skeptical.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>He changed his mind when he learned he’d get his own room with a bathroom and air conditioning, and when he saw photos of the colorful shipping container-like buildings arranged around a courtyard with shaded tables, gated dog runs and a communal kitchen that offered three free meals a day.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Once I got in here, I [felt] safe,” he said. “It really feels like home.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Jacobo is one of more than 1,600 people who’ve lived in a tiny home in San José — a city that has embraced this type of temporary housing more aggressively than nearly any other in the state. There’s no statewide data tallying the homes — the term has become shorthand for everything from rudimentary sheds to multi-story modular housing — but cities across California, from \u003ca href=\"https://app.powerbi.com/view?r=eyJrIjoiMzVmZDBjYTctNjQ0OS00ZDE3LTg2ODAtNGM2MjkwMDgzODY1IiwidCI6IjBiYWU1NDliLTUyZDgtNGEzYi1hYTE5LWQ1MDY2MmIzMDg5NyIsImMiOjZ9&pageName=ReportSection\">Los Angeles\u003c/a> to Sacramento to \u003ca href=\"https://www.oaklandca.gov/news/city-of-oakland-opens-100-bed-cabin-shelter-program-at-wood-street\">Oakland\u003c/a>, have each added scores of them in recent years.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Last year, Gov. Gavin Newsom signaled his support for the approach when \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/news/11987494/newsom-promised-1200-tiny-homes-for-unhoused-californians-but-a-year-later-none-have-opened\">he promised\u003c/a> to distribute 1,200 more to select cities, including San José. Supporters have heralded the individual accommodations as a \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/news/11943746/newsom-will-mobilize-national-guard-to-deliver-1200-tiny-homes-to-address-homelessness-crisis\">faster, cheaper, and more humane\u003c/a> way to whisk people off the streets.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>At a moment when unsheltered homelessness in California has reached epidemic proportions, and the devastating mental and \u003ca href=\"https://www.healthaffairs.org/doi/full/10.1377/hlthaff.2023.01039\">physical consequences\u003c/a> of living outdoors have never been more clear, tiny homes offer an alternative to group shelters.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Now lawmakers are considering a plan to expedite their construction. A \u003ca href=\"https://leginfo.legislature.ca.gov/faces/billTextClient.xhtml?bill_id=202320240SB1395\">proposed state law\u003c/a>, SB 1395, would make it easier to build tiny home villages by clearing some of the red tape that slows new projects.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“We’ve seen this dramatic increase in people dying on our streets,” said state Sen. Josh Becker (D-Menlo Park), who introduced the bill. “We have to get people off the streets. This is an extremely cost effective way to do that.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11988811\" class=\"wp-caption alignnone\" style=\"max-width: 1920px\">\u003ca href=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/06/006_KQED_SanJoseInterimHousing_01302023_qut.jpg\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-full wp-image-11988811\" src=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/06/006_KQED_SanJoseInterimHousing_01302023_qut.jpg\" alt=\"A site with multiple grey tiny homes.\" width=\"1920\" height=\"1280\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/06/006_KQED_SanJoseInterimHousing_01302023_qut.jpg 1920w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/06/006_KQED_SanJoseInterimHousing_01302023_qut-800x533.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/06/006_KQED_SanJoseInterimHousing_01302023_qut-1020x680.jpg 1020w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/06/006_KQED_SanJoseInterimHousing_01302023_qut-160x107.jpg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/06/006_KQED_SanJoseInterimHousing_01302023_qut-1536x1024.jpg 1536w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 1920px) 100vw, 1920px\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Shipping containers converted to homes line the perimeter of Evans Lane housing, an interim housing facility located on city-owned land, in San Jose on Jan. 30, 2023. \u003ccite>(Beth LaBerge/KQED)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>But there are longstanding concerns surrounding the model. Data around outcomes is mixed, with rates of success at getting people into permanent homes varying from city to city and site to site. And skeptics are wary that tiny homes risk normalizing substandard housing, arguing they do nothing to either prevent homelessness or solve it.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Meanwhile, \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/news/11982237/california-audit-questions-state-homelessness-spending-san-jose\">a recent state audit\u003c/a> blasted the Newsom administration, along with local governments, for failing to track whether the $24 billion spent on reducing homelessness in recent years is actually working — calling into question whether tiny homes like the one where Jacobo lives are worth their cost.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“If half of American renters can’t pay their rent, is a tiny home the answer?” said Jennifer Loving, CEO of Destination Home, a Silicon Valley organization, \u003ca href=\"https://www.jchs.harvard.edu/americas-rental-housing-2024\">referring to a recent report\u003c/a> from Harvard University’s Joint Center for Housing Studies. “It’s better than somebody being on the streets, but it’s not an answer to homelessness.”\u003c/p>\n\u003ch2>\u003cstrong>The promise\u003c/strong>\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>The tiny home village where Jacobo lives in San José, called the Guadalupe Emergency Interim Housing site, employs many of the field’s best practices, gleaned from \u003ca href=\"https://www.pdx.edu/homelessness/sites/homelessness.web.wdt.pdx.edu/files/2022-04/PSU%20HRAC%20Village%20Research%20%26%20How-To%20Guide%20-%2004%204%202022%20copy%202.pdf\">studies of existing sites\u003c/a> and \u003ca href=\"https://endhomelessness.org/wp-content/uploads/2022/12/DOC__ReimaginingInterimHousing_StagesActionAreas_FINAL.pdf\">focus groups\u003c/a> with people who’ve experienced homelessness.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The 96-room village was designed with input from formerly unhoused people who told developers it should be colorful, dog friendly and free of curfews or limits on how long people can live there. Case managers help clients track down documents, access benefits, and find jobs and housing. Many residents are enrolled in an employment training program run by Goodwill of Silicon Valley.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“That is the model that is going to be the most successful anywhere,” said Jocelyn Michelsen, associate vice president of LifeMoves, the nonprofit that operates the site and others across the city.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11988815\" class=\"wp-caption alignnone\" style=\"max-width: 1920px\">\u003ca href=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/06/IMG_7886_qut.jpg\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"wp-image-11988815 size-full\" src=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/06/IMG_7886_qut.jpg\" alt=\"A young man with sunglasses and a plaid shirt poses for a photo, with a housing complex in the background.\" width=\"1920\" height=\"1440\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/06/IMG_7886_qut.jpg 1920w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/06/IMG_7886_qut-800x600.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/06/IMG_7886_qut-1020x765.jpg 1020w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/06/IMG_7886_qut-160x120.jpg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/06/IMG_7886_qut-1536x1152.jpg 1536w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 1920px) 100vw, 1920px\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Carlos Ruben Jacobo at the Guadalupe Emergency Interim Housing site in San José on April 10, 2024. \u003ccite>(Vanessa Rancano/KQED)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Jacobo has been in his tiny home for about a year, longer than what Michelsen said is the typical stay of around nine months. Here, he plans to take advantage of job training he hopes will prepare him to work as a security guard. In the meantime, Jacobo said his city-assigned case manager is helping him apply for housing.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“I’m nervous because it’s a new journey,” he said. “But I’m excited at the same time because I want financial independence.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>San José Mayor Matt Mahan credits the city’s tiny homes with \u003ca href=\"https://news.santaclaracounty.gov/news-release/county-santa-clara-and-city-san-jose-release-preliminary-results-2023-point-time\">reducing unsheltered homelessness by 10%\u003c/a> from 2022 to 2023, even as it \u003ca href=\"https://www.ppic.org/blog/an-update-on-homelessness-in-california/#:~:text=Among%20the%2029%20CoCs%20reporting,was%2012.8%25%20higher%20in%202023.\">increased by roughly the same amount\u003c/a> statewide and nationally over that period.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The city doesn’t keep tabs on how often people accept offers of shelter at tiny home sites, but a city spokesperson said there’s a waitlist. And other research has demonstrated that people are more likely to accept offers of shelter at tiny homes, motels, or similar accommodations when residents get an individual room and the privacy it affords.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11988816\" class=\"wp-caption alignnone\" style=\"max-width: 1920px\">\u003ca href=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/06/002_Oakland_LakeviewVillageTinyHomes_11032021_qut.jpg\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-full wp-image-11988816\" src=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/06/002_Oakland_LakeviewVillageTinyHomes_11032021_qut.jpg\" alt=\"A row of small white houses on an semi-developed site, with a larger apartment building in the background.\" width=\"1920\" height=\"1280\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/06/002_Oakland_LakeviewVillageTinyHomes_11032021_qut.jpg 1920w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/06/002_Oakland_LakeviewVillageTinyHomes_11032021_qut-800x533.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/06/002_Oakland_LakeviewVillageTinyHomes_11032021_qut-1020x680.jpg 1020w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/06/002_Oakland_LakeviewVillageTinyHomes_11032021_qut-160x107.jpg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/06/002_Oakland_LakeviewVillageTinyHomes_11032021_qut-1536x1024.jpg 1536w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 1920px) 100vw, 1920px\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Rows of tiny homes line Lakeview Village, a community that can house 71 people in Oakland near Lake Merritt on Nov. 3, 2021. The tiny home community will provide transitional housing for unhoused people in the area. \u003ccite>(Beth LaBerge/KQED)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"https://www.abtglobal.com/prk\">One study\u003c/a> noted that it enabled some to get health care treatment for the first time since becoming unhoused. Another found that motel or hotel rooms lowered the mortality rate among residents, including from overdoses, and reduced interpersonal conflicts, police responses and \u003ca href=\"https://jamanetwork.com/journals/jamanetworkopen/fullarticle/2794705\">hospital stays.\u003c/a>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But enhanced privacy comes with a higher price tag. Pallet, a leading producer of tiny homes that has sold over 1,900 units in California over the past four years, has seen increasing interest from cities in units with ensuite bathrooms, according to CEO Amy King. But, she noted, individual plumbing hikes prices significantly.\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>“[Cities] are not following through with purchases of those unit types, with us or other vendors, at scale,” she said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In San José, each new tiny home costs between $75,000 and $175,000 to build, according to Mackenzie Mossing, Mahan’s chief policy officer. The price tags vary depending on unit size and whether bathrooms are private or shared, among other factors. That’s significantly more than new congregate shelters in the Bay Area, which \u003ca href=\"https://www.allhomeca.org/2023/03/20/strengthening-interim-housing/\">average around $43,000\u003c/a> per bed.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But while they are often more costly to build, they can be less costly to operate than traditional shelters. San José’s tiny homes range from just over $10,000 to nearly $29,000 per bed annually. By comparison, most of the local congregate shelters cost the county between around $17,000 and $35,000 per bed each year.\u003c/p>\n\u003ch2>\u003cstrong>Different sites, disparate outcomes\u003c/strong>\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>When it comes to how likely residents are to move out of these communities and into permanent homes, the data is inconclusive: Figures vary dramatically across cities and even across different tiny home sites within the same city.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>As part of a \u003ca href=\"https://www.bcsh.ca.gov/calich/landscape_assessment/\">state-commissioned study\u003c/a> released last year, UC Berkeley Terner Center researcher Ryan Finnigan visited tiny home sites across the state, surveyed service providers and talked to people experiencing homelessness. He found some tiny house communities offer robust services, while others are understaffed; their reputations varied accordingly.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“There’s just such variation in the model,” Finnigan said. “Sometimes people have just heard bad things.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In Oakland, John Janosko has few good things to say about the Wood Street Community Cabins, where he lived for almost a year. He said the shared bathroom facilities were frequently broken, and while he was grateful for free meals, he said the site provided paltry services.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>A spokesperson for the city pointed out the site was designed with input from future residents and said officials are working with the nonprofit that manages the program to address concerns.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“I’ve seen everyone’s mental state, their emotional state, their spiritual state, their physical state deteriorate,” Janosko said of his fellow residents, who he lived with in an encampment before moving into the cabins. “There’s nothing here to keep them … afloat.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11988818\" class=\"wp-caption alignnone\" style=\"max-width: 1920px\">\u003ca href=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/06/005_KQED_WoodStreet_12162022_qut.jpg\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-full wp-image-11988818\" src=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/06/005_KQED_WoodStreet_12162022_qut.jpg\" alt=\"A tiny home being transported on a trailer by a tow truck.\" width=\"1920\" height=\"1280\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/06/005_KQED_WoodStreet_12162022_qut.jpg 1920w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/06/005_KQED_WoodStreet_12162022_qut-800x533.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/06/005_KQED_WoodStreet_12162022_qut-1020x680.jpg 1020w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/06/005_KQED_WoodStreet_12162022_qut-160x107.jpg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/06/005_KQED_WoodStreet_12162022_qut-1536x1024.jpg 1536w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 1920px) 100vw, 1920px\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">A tiny home is trucked into the Wood Street Cabin Community, a planned 100-bed shelter program on the second portion of the Game Changer lot located at 2601 Wood Street, in Oakland on Dec. 16, 2022. \u003ccite>(Beth LaBerge/KQED)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Oakland got a \u003ca href=\"https://www.mercurynews.com/2023/03/11/oakland-nabs-1-million-in-homelessness-funds-to-fix-poor-outcomes-at-tiny-homes/\">$1 million grant last year\u003c/a> for one of its cabin community sites to quickly transition its residents to permanent housing after an \u003ca href=\"https://www.oaklandauditor.com/wp-content/uploads/2022/09/20220919_Performance-Audit_The-City-of-Oaklands-Homelessness-Services_Final.pdf\">audit\u003c/a> found that fewer than one in three residents left the sites for a permanent home. That’s an improvement over group shelters serving single adults in Oakland — though some years, only modestly. During the same time period, the proportion of people leaving group shelters for permanent housing ranged from a high of 24% in fiscal year 2018 to a low of 7% in fiscal year 2019.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Janosko said more support would make a difference. “These villages, they need people supporting them 24 hours a day, wraparound services,” he said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Still, even at San José’s Guadalupe site, the outcomes are not much better. Since the site opened a year ago, only about 30% of residents who have left the facility moved into permanent housing. Over a quarter returned to homelessness.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>And since 2020, across San José’s six city-funded tiny home communities, the percentage of people who ended up in permanent homes varies widely, from a low of 18% at the Felipe Avenue site, to a high of 77% at its tiny home village for families, called Evans Lane.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11988819\" class=\"wp-caption alignnone\" style=\"max-width: 1920px\">\u003ca href=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/06/010_KQED_SanJoseInterimHousing_01302023_qut.jpg\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-full wp-image-11988819\" src=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/06/010_KQED_SanJoseInterimHousing_01302023_qut.jpg\" alt=\"A row of grey tiny homes, with a child's red and yellow push car sitting in the walkway.\" width=\"1920\" height=\"1280\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/06/010_KQED_SanJoseInterimHousing_01302023_qut.jpg 1920w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/06/010_KQED_SanJoseInterimHousing_01302023_qut-800x533.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/06/010_KQED_SanJoseInterimHousing_01302023_qut-1020x680.jpg 1020w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/06/010_KQED_SanJoseInterimHousing_01302023_qut-160x107.jpg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/06/010_KQED_SanJoseInterimHousing_01302023_qut-1536x1024.jpg 1536w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 1920px) 100vw, 1920px\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Shipping containers converted to homes line the perimeter of Evans Lane housing, an interim housing facility located on city-owned land, in San José on Jan. 30, 2023. \u003ccite>(Beth LaBerge/KQED)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>City staff point out that the site with the worst outcomes requires people to leave after four months, unlike the others, where people can stay longer.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>If there isn’t an affordable home for residents to move to, service providers say many simply return to the streets. But it’s not just about the availability of housing, it’s also how to pay for it.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"https://destinationhomesv.org/documents/2024/02/2023-year-end-progress-report.pdf/\">Three out of four people\u003c/a> who leave temporary housing in Santa Clara County for permanent homes do so using federal vouchers for subsidized rent. But those vouchers are scarce: The waiting list in Santa Clara County has around 37,000 people on it. The county housing authority estimates it’s able to serve about one in six eligible residents.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Even if the tiny home facility is amazing, it’s hard for [residents] to move into housing if there’s no housing to move into,” Finnigan said, adding that success “depends as much on the availability of permanent housing as it does on what the shelter does.”\u003c/p>\n\u003ch2>\u003cstrong>Doubling down on tiny homes \u003c/strong>\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>Despite the varying outcomes across tiny home sites in San José, Mayor Mahan is on track to more than double the number of tiny home beds in the city. As he does, he’s coming under fire for pushing to use money earmarked for permanent affordable housing to pay for the temporary units. The city’s \u003ca href=\"https://www.sanjoseca.gov/home/showpublisheddocument/111495/638504154810170000\">most recent budget proposal\u003c/a> could divert the entirety of its \u003ca href=\"https://www.sanjoseca.gov/your-government/departments-offices/housing/resource-library/housing-investment-plans-and-policy/measure-e-real-property-transfer-tax\">Measure E fund\u003c/a> away from new housing construction.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Consuelo Hernandez, director of the Santa Clara County Office of Supportive Housing, is bracing for the impact. Without a strong investment in new affordable housing, she said, “We are just putting people in these little boxes with no plan. … People need an exit strategy.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Shifting funds toward temporary solutions has also meant less money for prevention efforts. The county \u003ca href=\"https://osh.sccgov.org/sites/g/files/exjcpb671/files/documents/2023-year-end-progress-report.pdf\">saw a spike in the number of new people\u003c/a> falling into homelessness last year, and some observers note that trend corresponded with a decision by city leaders to fund more temporary housing.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11988820\" class=\"wp-caption alignnone\" style=\"max-width: 1920px\">\u003ca href=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/06/013_KQED_SanJoseInterimHousing_01302023_qut.jpg\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-full wp-image-11988820\" src=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/06/013_KQED_SanJoseInterimHousing_01302023_qut.jpg\" alt=\"A woman wearing sunglasses stands outside the door of a grey tiny home.\" width=\"1920\" height=\"1280\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/06/013_KQED_SanJoseInterimHousing_01302023_qut.jpg 1920w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/06/013_KQED_SanJoseInterimHousing_01302023_qut-800x533.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/06/013_KQED_SanJoseInterimHousing_01302023_qut-1020x680.jpg 1020w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/06/013_KQED_SanJoseInterimHousing_01302023_qut-160x107.jpg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/06/013_KQED_SanJoseInterimHousing_01302023_qut-1536x1024.jpg 1536w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 1920px) 100vw, 1920px\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Amanda Mora stands outside of her temporary home at Evans Lane housing, an interim housing facility located on city-owned land, in San José on Jan. 30, 2023. \u003ccite>(Beth LaBerge/KQED)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Still, Mahan wants other cities to follow his lead. He’s co-sponsoring SB 1395, the state bill that would help clear the way for more tiny home projects. The bill would ensure such projects are eligible for streamlined zoning under the Shelter Crisis Act, which allows for expedited development, and free up state money for this type of housing.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Mahan argues the change is needed to accelerate the time it takes to develop the projects, which has stretched from around four months to about a year, he said, ever since emergency provisions that expedited development during the pandemic were dropped.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>To remedy this, the City Council last year backed him in \u003ca href=\"https://sanjose.legistar.com/LegislationDetail.aspx?ID=6378017&GUID=E71DE1F2-BA21-4419-8CA2-8E2B84D78C48\">declaring a shelter emergency\u003c/a> that tweaked land-use rules and building codes, changes expected to shrink construction time significantly.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Under the loosened rules in San José, \u003ca href=\"https://sanjose.legistar.com/View.ashx?M=F&ID=12367591&GUID=BB074D4B-D265-4ED4-95EF-BF2F3EDAFC6B\">sites aren’t required to have running water\u003c/a>, just mobile showers and portable toilets.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>That raises concerns for some observers.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“These are meant to be really short-term emergency spaces where folks quickly move into permanent housing,” Finnigan, of the Terner Center, said. But given the reality that people may spend months or even years living in them, “There’s a real need to make the spaces where people are living for much longer than a couple of months dignified and healthy and stable and safe.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Sen. Becker points out that any tiny house is subject to state building codes, and is an improvement over the status quo.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The bill passed out of the Senate earlier this month with broad support.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“We can’t wait for that to solve the problem,” Becker said. “Sometimes you get in this area where you have the perfect get in the way of the great.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>Correction (June 4): The original version of this story stated that since 2020, only about 30% of residents who have left the Guadalupe Emergency Interim Housing site have moved into permanent housing. That is incorrect, as the site only opened about a year ago. In that time 26% of residents exited to homelessness, not nearly 40%. \u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>Correction (June 13): The original version of this story misspelled Ryan Finnigan’s surname. It is Finnigan, not Finnegan. \u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>",
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"title": "Massive Fire Destroys Affordable Housing Construction Near Redwood City",
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"headTitle": "Massive Fire Destroys Affordable Housing Construction Near Redwood City | KQED",
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"content": "\u003cp>\u003cem>This story was updated at 1:10 p.m. Tuesday with additional information on a second building that was part of the complex.\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>A massive fire destroyed an affordable housing building under construction near Redwood City on Monday, forcing neighbors to evacuate and sending a thick plume of smoke into the air.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The eight-alarm fire on the 2700 block of Middlefield Road in North Fair Oaks prompted San Mateo County sheriff’s officials \u003ca href=\"https://x.com/SMCSheriff/status/1797694856619528229\">to order residents\u003c/a> on nearby Pacific, Calvin and Dumbarton avenues to leave. A \u003ca href=\"https://x.com/SMCSheriff/status/1797719789806465320\">temporary evacuation site\u003c/a> was set up at the Veterans Memorial Senior Center at 1455 Madison Ave.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The Bay Area Air Quality Management District also \u003ca href=\"https://www.baaqmd.gov/en/news-and-events/page-resources/2024-news/060324-aq-advisory\">issued an air quality advisory\u003c/a> due to the smoke from the fire, advising people living and working near the fire and down the peninsula to try to avoid exposure by staying indoors and closing windows.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The fire began around 10:15 a.m. on the fifth floor of the building, one of two structures that make up a 179-unit affordable housing project known as Middlefield Junction, according to the sheriff’s office.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The building that burned was planned to include 104 apartments, while an adjacent 75-unit building under construction was not significantly damaged, officials said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>By 3 p.m., Menlo Park Fire District Chief Mark Lorenzen said he was releasing crews after it was fully controlled and moving the operation into “mop up” mode, dousing the structure with water to prevent any flare-ups.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The fire was able to tear through the structure quickly because it didn’t yet have sprinkler systems, fire walls, or other fire protection features installed, Lorenzen said, and there were windy conditions in the area.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“From our perspective, almost the worst stage it could be in. It burned so easily through there, it was just like kindling,” Lorenzen said. “There being almost no windows…the winds from the north were just pushing right in and blowing it straight through the structure.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>No injuries were reported. Construction workers evacuated the building, and while there were some minor spots of damage to neighboring buildings or fences, Lorenzen said everyone in the area appears to be safe.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>He estimated about 130 firefighters responded to this fire, with help from about every fire agency in San Mateo County and some additional help from Santa Clara County fire agencies as well. A total of 26 engines and seven ladder trucks were called in throughout the incident.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The fire was acting similar to a wildland fire due to the wind and the materials that were burning, requiring extra firefighting resources to prevent the spread of the fire, Lorenzen said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“They were putting in insulation and the insulation was catching fire, getting lofted up by the thermal columns and launching into the neighborhood. There were burning embers dropping everywhere from the sky, big ones,” he said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Caltrain \u003ca href=\"https://www.caltrain.com/alerts\">reported delays\u003c/a> in the area, with trains being held at the Redwood City and Menlo Park stations.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The apartments being built at Middlefield Junction were planned to be reserved for people earning incomes considered extremely low, very low and low on the pricey San Francisco peninsula. According to a previous county release about the project, 20 apartments were to be set aside for people experiencing homelessness and receiving care management and supportive services from San Mateo County Health.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Middlefield Junction was borne out of a partnership between the county, nonprofit developer Mercy Housing California, as well as the state and private investors, according to the county. It was estimated to cost $155 million in total.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Lorenzen said the wooden framing of all the upper floors is destroyed, though he said it appeared the concrete foundation and underground parking garage area were not damaged.\u003c/p>\n\n",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>\u003cem>This story was updated at 1:10 p.m. Tuesday with additional information on a second building that was part of the complex.\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>A massive fire destroyed an affordable housing building under construction near Redwood City on Monday, forcing neighbors to evacuate and sending a thick plume of smoke into the air.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The eight-alarm fire on the 2700 block of Middlefield Road in North Fair Oaks prompted San Mateo County sheriff’s officials \u003ca href=\"https://x.com/SMCSheriff/status/1797694856619528229\">to order residents\u003c/a> on nearby Pacific, Calvin and Dumbarton avenues to leave. A \u003ca href=\"https://x.com/SMCSheriff/status/1797719789806465320\">temporary evacuation site\u003c/a> was set up at the Veterans Memorial Senior Center at 1455 Madison Ave.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The Bay Area Air Quality Management District also \u003ca href=\"https://www.baaqmd.gov/en/news-and-events/page-resources/2024-news/060324-aq-advisory\">issued an air quality advisory\u003c/a> due to the smoke from the fire, advising people living and working near the fire and down the peninsula to try to avoid exposure by staying indoors and closing windows.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The fire began around 10:15 a.m. on the fifth floor of the building, one of two structures that make up a 179-unit affordable housing project known as Middlefield Junction, according to the sheriff’s office.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The building that burned was planned to include 104 apartments, while an adjacent 75-unit building under construction was not significantly damaged, officials said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>By 3 p.m., Menlo Park Fire District Chief Mark Lorenzen said he was releasing crews after it was fully controlled and moving the operation into “mop up” mode, dousing the structure with water to prevent any flare-ups.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The fire was able to tear through the structure quickly because it didn’t yet have sprinkler systems, fire walls, or other fire protection features installed, Lorenzen said, and there were windy conditions in the area.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“From our perspective, almost the worst stage it could be in. It burned so easily through there, it was just like kindling,” Lorenzen said. “There being almost no windows…the winds from the north were just pushing right in and blowing it straight through the structure.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>No injuries were reported. Construction workers evacuated the building, and while there were some minor spots of damage to neighboring buildings or fences, Lorenzen said everyone in the area appears to be safe.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>He estimated about 130 firefighters responded to this fire, with help from about every fire agency in San Mateo County and some additional help from Santa Clara County fire agencies as well. A total of 26 engines and seven ladder trucks were called in throughout the incident.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The fire was acting similar to a wildland fire due to the wind and the materials that were burning, requiring extra firefighting resources to prevent the spread of the fire, Lorenzen said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“They were putting in insulation and the insulation was catching fire, getting lofted up by the thermal columns and launching into the neighborhood. There were burning embers dropping everywhere from the sky, big ones,” he said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Caltrain \u003ca href=\"https://www.caltrain.com/alerts\">reported delays\u003c/a> in the area, with trains being held at the Redwood City and Menlo Park stations.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The apartments being built at Middlefield Junction were planned to be reserved for people earning incomes considered extremely low, very low and low on the pricey San Francisco peninsula. According to a previous county release about the project, 20 apartments were to be set aside for people experiencing homelessness and receiving care management and supportive services from San Mateo County Health.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Middlefield Junction was borne out of a partnership between the county, nonprofit developer Mercy Housing California, as well as the state and private investors, according to the county. It was estimated to cost $155 million in total.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Lorenzen said the wooden framing of all the upper floors is destroyed, though he said it appeared the concrete foundation and underground parking garage area were not damaged.\u003c/p>\n\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>",
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"content": "\u003cp>A San Francisco homeless services provider accused of falsifying tens of thousands of dollars in invoices was stripped of a city contract over the alleged fraud.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Providence Foundation of San Francisco will no longer manage a storage facility for unhoused people — a nearly $600,000 contract — Department of Homelessness and Supportive Housing (HSH) Deputy Communications Director Emily Cohen confirmed but will continue to run other programs.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The contract is set to end June 30, and will not be renewed, Cohen said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“HSH spent months trying to bring this nonprofit into compliance, and I appreciate they have found a new operator for this contract to better serve the community,” City Attorney David Chiu said in a statement.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The move follows an announcement earlier this month of \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/news/11985194/sf-homeless-services-provider-accused-of-nepotism-100k-fraud\">debarment proceedings\u003c/a> against the nonprofit. An investigation by Chiu’s office found the nonprofit had falsified more than $100,000 in invoices for shelter maintenance work it never completed and violated its contracts with the city despite warnings over nepotism and other offenses.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The city had suspended Providence from bidding on or receiving new contracts or grants from the city.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>HSH is working with the city attorney’s office to determine the future of the nonprofit’s remaining contracts. Providence has five other contracts with HSH, including one to run the Oasis Hotel family shelter, a navigation center and to provide supportive services and housing voucher programs.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The city attorney’s office investigation found that the nonprofit had falsified invoices for painting and lock removal work at the Oasis Hotel, which it claims was never completed.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[aside label=\"related coverage\" tag=\"homelessness\"]The attorney representing the foundation, Vernon Goins, did not respond to a request for comment. He previously told KQED Providence denied the allegations of fraud, calling them “unfounded and baseless.” He said the organization was cooperating with the investigation “and will take remedial action where appropriate.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Providence’s board president, James Blanding, told the \u003cem>San Francisco Chronicle\u003c/em> he resigned earlier this month and said Providence’s two top executives, Pat Doyle and Kenisha Roach, were put on leave. The city attorney’s investigation accused them of signing off on the allegedly fraudulent invoices.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Cohen said interim executive director Dexter Hall has been working closely with HSH since taking charge of the organization.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The city has ramped up scrutiny of its nonprofits in recent years. A \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/news/11981767/audit-finds-sf-homeless-housing-provider-misspent-taxpayer-money\">city audit released earlier this year\u003c/a> found HomeRise, a leading developer of housing for people exiting homelessness, misspent taxpayer money.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>Editor’s Note: This story was updated to include additional information provided by San Francisco’s Department of Homelessness and Supportive Housing.\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>A San Francisco homeless services provider accused of falsifying tens of thousands of dollars in invoices was stripped of a city contract over the alleged fraud.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Providence Foundation of San Francisco will no longer manage a storage facility for unhoused people — a nearly $600,000 contract — Department of Homelessness and Supportive Housing (HSH) Deputy Communications Director Emily Cohen confirmed but will continue to run other programs.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The contract is set to end June 30, and will not be renewed, Cohen said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“HSH spent months trying to bring this nonprofit into compliance, and I appreciate they have found a new operator for this contract to better serve the community,” City Attorney David Chiu said in a statement.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The move follows an announcement earlier this month of \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/news/11985194/sf-homeless-services-provider-accused-of-nepotism-100k-fraud\">debarment proceedings\u003c/a> against the nonprofit. An investigation by Chiu’s office found the nonprofit had falsified more than $100,000 in invoices for shelter maintenance work it never completed and violated its contracts with the city despite warnings over nepotism and other offenses.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The city had suspended Providence from bidding on or receiving new contracts or grants from the city.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>HSH is working with the city attorney’s office to determine the future of the nonprofit’s remaining contracts. Providence has five other contracts with HSH, including one to run the Oasis Hotel family shelter, a navigation center and to provide supportive services and housing voucher programs.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The city attorney’s office investigation found that the nonprofit had falsified invoices for painting and lock removal work at the Oasis Hotel, which it claims was never completed.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>The attorney representing the foundation, Vernon Goins, did not respond to a request for comment. He previously told KQED Providence denied the allegations of fraud, calling them “unfounded and baseless.” He said the organization was cooperating with the investigation “and will take remedial action where appropriate.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Providence’s board president, James Blanding, told the \u003cem>San Francisco Chronicle\u003c/em> he resigned earlier this month and said Providence’s two top executives, Pat Doyle and Kenisha Roach, were put on leave. The city attorney’s investigation accused them of signing off on the allegedly fraudulent invoices.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Cohen said interim executive director Dexter Hall has been working closely with HSH since taking charge of the organization.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The city has ramped up scrutiny of its nonprofits in recent years. A \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/news/11981767/audit-finds-sf-homeless-housing-provider-misspent-taxpayer-money\">city audit released earlier this year\u003c/a> found HomeRise, a leading developer of housing for people exiting homelessness, misspent taxpayer money.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>Editor’s Note: This story was updated to include additional information provided by San Francisco’s Department of Homelessness and Supportive Housing.\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>",
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"slug": "how-a-lost-credit-card-and-a-cheeseburger-reignited-californias-debate-over-excessive-bail",
"title": "How a Lost Credit Card and $7 Cheeseburger Reignited California's Debate Over Excessive Bail",
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"content": "\u003cp>By most metrics, Gerald Kowalczyk was a uniquely bad candidate to leave jail before his trial. He had a criminal record of more than 60 convictions, a history of failing to adhere to his release conditions and a pretrial algorithm’s assessment that he presented the highest risk score possible.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>A San Mateo Superior Court judge set his bail at $75,000, an amount Kowalczyk, homeless and unemployed, could not pay. The charges were that he used someone else’s credit card to buy a $7 cheeseburger.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>He served six months for the 2021 offense, but his case revived California’s long-running debate over bail amounts, which is still playing out. Now, the California Supreme Court is examining his case to decide if it is constitutional for judges to set bail at amounts far higher than a defendant can pay.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The case could help resolve the messy climate around \u003ca href=\"https://calmatters.org/justice/2021/03/waiting-for-justice/\">bail in California\u003c/a> four years after voters, by referendum, \u003ca href=\"https://calmatters.org/justice/2020/11/what-the-failure-of-prop-25-means-for-racial-justice-in-california/\">overturned a law\u003c/a> that would have eliminated the cash bail system. Court decisions and a 2008 voter-approved law have created conflicting directives for judges deciding whether they can hold someone before trial at a price tag the defendant cannot afford.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The question for the high court is whether two articles in the California Constitution can harmonize: \u003ca href=\"https://leginfo.legislature.ca.gov/faces/codes_displaySection.xhtml?lawCode=CONS§ionNum=SEC.%2012.&article=I\">a defendant’s right\u003c/a> to be released on bail except for certain violent or sexual crimes and a separate article created by the 2008 ballot measure that instructs judges that “\u003ca href=\"https://leginfo.legislature.ca.gov/faces/codes_displaySection.xhtml?lawCode=CONS§ionNum=SEC.%2028.&article=I\">public safety and the safety of the victim\u003c/a> shall be the primary considerations” in setting bail amounts.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“The fundamental question you have to ask yourself is, is money a good proxy for somebody’s culpability,” said Santa Clara University law professor David Ball, who co-authored an amicus brief supporting Kowalczyk. “Are rich people safer than poor people? Are poor people inherently guiltier than rich people? And I don’t believe that’s true.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Kowalczyk was 55 when he was arrested and charged with three counts of theft. He told police he had found credit cards at gas stations around San Mateo and swiped three of them while trying to buy a cheeseburger. He then tried to have the charges refunded, which the restaurant manager refused and attempted to return the food.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Kowalczyk was unable to pay his way out of jail, spent six months incarcerated and then pled guilty to one count of theft before he was freed. While in jail, he missed a scheduled surgery on a cyst in his jaw that left him deaf in one ear, according to his appeals lawyers.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Before his plea, Kowalczyk appealed to the 1st District Court of Appeal in San Francisco, seeking his release. The case bounced between the appeals court and the Supreme Court until last year when the high court accepted it. Lawyers on both sides have submitted briefs, but the case has not yet been scheduled for oral argument.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Further complicating the issue is \u003ca href=\"https://www.courts.ca.gov/opinions/archive/S247278.PDF\">a 2021 California Supreme Court decision (PDF)\u003c/a> that forbids judges from \u003ca href=\"https://calmatters.org/justice/2021/03/supreme-court-bail/\">setting bail amounts\u003c/a> higher than what a defendant can pay unless the defendant is a danger to the public or unlikely to show up for court.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>That decision did not immediately end cash bail for indigent defendants, \u003ca href=\"https://law.ucla.edu/sites/default/files/PDFs/Criminal_Justice_Program/Coming_Up_Short_Report_2022_WEB.pdf\">a UCLA School of Law review found (PDF)\u003c/a> in late 2022. In fact, the authors said that many judges interpreted the decision to mean they have even more authority to hold people without bail.\u003c/p>\n\u003ch2 id=\"h-disagreement-over-bail-s-purpose\" class=\"wp-block-heading\">Disagreement over bail’s purpose\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>Ball, the law professor, argues that Kowalczyk’s bail didn’t do what bail is supposed to do: It didn’t make the public any safer because Kowalczyk didn’t present a threat to the public.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“This guy was trying to buy a hamburger,” Ball said. “There’s no horror movie that’s ever been made about the guy who bought a hamburger with somebody else’s credit card.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>However, San Mateo Deputy District Attorney Joshua Martin, who will argue the case before the Supreme Court, said Kowalczyk’s bail wasn’t about protecting the public but was instead necessary to ensure he would show up to court.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“The baseline should be release (from jail) if someone doesn’t have the means to post bond and is not a violent person, that’s our position,” Martin said, “but there is a sort of a rational limit to that when you imagine someone who simply refuses to come back to court.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Nationally, the median bail for felonies was $10,000, but 32% of people who were being held in jail between April 2023 and April 2024 reported an annual income of \u003ca href=\"https://www.prisonpolicy.org/blog/2024/04/15/jails_update/\">less than $10,000\u003c/a>, according to a report from the Prison Policy Initiative, a nonprofit that advocates against mass incarceration.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The most recent decision in Kowalczyk’s case was in the 1st District Court of Appeal, which found in December 2022 that the California Constitution “does not prohibit courts from fixing bail at an amount a defendant cannot likely meet” but added a caveat: “It will be the rare case where such a monetary condition is truly necessary.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Kowalczyk’s legal team is appealing that judgment and argues that the appeals court decision muddies the water on bail release decisions, potentially throwing the entire system into chaos.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“The lower court’s opinion will cause confusion in the trial courts,” wrote Kowalczyk attorney Marsanne Weese. “This opinion has created a situation in which trial courts can now opt to forego the rigorous evidentiary requirements of (the Constitution) by simply imposing a de facto detention through unaffordable bail.”\u003c/p>\n\u003ch2 id=\"h-high-interest-in-bail-case-at-california-supreme-court\" class=\"wp-block-heading\">High interest in bail case at California Supreme Court\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>The case has attracted outside attention — 14 organizations filed amicus briefs, 11 supporting Kowalczyk, including those from Human Rights Watch and the bar associations in Alameda, Los Angeles and Santa Clara counties.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Three organizations filed in support of the San Mateo District Attorney’s Office, including the conservative Criminal Justice Legal Foundation and the San Francisco District Attorney’s Office.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[aside label=\"Related Stories\" postID=\"news_11967757,news_11393155,news_11771620\"]Ball argues that the impact of incarceration on a person’s life needs to be considered in cases of nonviolent, nonsexual crimes.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Being in prison and being in jail harms people because it results in worse outcomes and because you know if you have a job, you’re going to lose it,” Ball said. “I mean, look at him, right? He could have healed himself and gotten housing, which might put him on the path where he doesn’t have to use a fake credit card in order to get some food to eat.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“We want that, right? Putting him in jail is not gonna address any of those problems.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Greg Totten, CEO of the California District Attorneys Association, wrote in an amicus brief supporting the government’s case against Kowalczyk that the court system needs the coercive effect of cash bail to keep operating.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Eliminating the financial aspect of bail “makes the criminal justice system the proverbial revolving door and undermines the entire voter-approved purposes of the body of laws governing pretrial detention and bail in this state,” Totten wrote, “namely public safety and ensuring that defendants appear in court.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad floatright]\u003c/p>\n",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>By most metrics, Gerald Kowalczyk was a uniquely bad candidate to leave jail before his trial. He had a criminal record of more than 60 convictions, a history of failing to adhere to his release conditions and a pretrial algorithm’s assessment that he presented the highest risk score possible.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>A San Mateo Superior Court judge set his bail at $75,000, an amount Kowalczyk, homeless and unemployed, could not pay. The charges were that he used someone else’s credit card to buy a $7 cheeseburger.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>He served six months for the 2021 offense, but his case revived California’s long-running debate over bail amounts, which is still playing out. Now, the California Supreme Court is examining his case to decide if it is constitutional for judges to set bail at amounts far higher than a defendant can pay.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The case could help resolve the messy climate around \u003ca href=\"https://calmatters.org/justice/2021/03/waiting-for-justice/\">bail in California\u003c/a> four years after voters, by referendum, \u003ca href=\"https://calmatters.org/justice/2020/11/what-the-failure-of-prop-25-means-for-racial-justice-in-california/\">overturned a law\u003c/a> that would have eliminated the cash bail system. Court decisions and a 2008 voter-approved law have created conflicting directives for judges deciding whether they can hold someone before trial at a price tag the defendant cannot afford.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The question for the high court is whether two articles in the California Constitution can harmonize: \u003ca href=\"https://leginfo.legislature.ca.gov/faces/codes_displaySection.xhtml?lawCode=CONS§ionNum=SEC.%2012.&article=I\">a defendant’s right\u003c/a> to be released on bail except for certain violent or sexual crimes and a separate article created by the 2008 ballot measure that instructs judges that “\u003ca href=\"https://leginfo.legislature.ca.gov/faces/codes_displaySection.xhtml?lawCode=CONS§ionNum=SEC.%2028.&article=I\">public safety and the safety of the victim\u003c/a> shall be the primary considerations” in setting bail amounts.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“The fundamental question you have to ask yourself is, is money a good proxy for somebody’s culpability,” said Santa Clara University law professor David Ball, who co-authored an amicus brief supporting Kowalczyk. “Are rich people safer than poor people? Are poor people inherently guiltier than rich people? And I don’t believe that’s true.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Kowalczyk was 55 when he was arrested and charged with three counts of theft. He told police he had found credit cards at gas stations around San Mateo and swiped three of them while trying to buy a cheeseburger. He then tried to have the charges refunded, which the restaurant manager refused and attempted to return the food.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Kowalczyk was unable to pay his way out of jail, spent six months incarcerated and then pled guilty to one count of theft before he was freed. While in jail, he missed a scheduled surgery on a cyst in his jaw that left him deaf in one ear, according to his appeals lawyers.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Before his plea, Kowalczyk appealed to the 1st District Court of Appeal in San Francisco, seeking his release. The case bounced between the appeals court and the Supreme Court until last year when the high court accepted it. Lawyers on both sides have submitted briefs, but the case has not yet been scheduled for oral argument.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Further complicating the issue is \u003ca href=\"https://www.courts.ca.gov/opinions/archive/S247278.PDF\">a 2021 California Supreme Court decision (PDF)\u003c/a> that forbids judges from \u003ca href=\"https://calmatters.org/justice/2021/03/supreme-court-bail/\">setting bail amounts\u003c/a> higher than what a defendant can pay unless the defendant is a danger to the public or unlikely to show up for court.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>That decision did not immediately end cash bail for indigent defendants, \u003ca href=\"https://law.ucla.edu/sites/default/files/PDFs/Criminal_Justice_Program/Coming_Up_Short_Report_2022_WEB.pdf\">a UCLA School of Law review found (PDF)\u003c/a> in late 2022. In fact, the authors said that many judges interpreted the decision to mean they have even more authority to hold people without bail.\u003c/p>\n\u003ch2 id=\"h-disagreement-over-bail-s-purpose\" class=\"wp-block-heading\">Disagreement over bail’s purpose\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>Ball, the law professor, argues that Kowalczyk’s bail didn’t do what bail is supposed to do: It didn’t make the public any safer because Kowalczyk didn’t present a threat to the public.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“This guy was trying to buy a hamburger,” Ball said. “There’s no horror movie that’s ever been made about the guy who bought a hamburger with somebody else’s credit card.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>However, San Mateo Deputy District Attorney Joshua Martin, who will argue the case before the Supreme Court, said Kowalczyk’s bail wasn’t about protecting the public but was instead necessary to ensure he would show up to court.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“The baseline should be release (from jail) if someone doesn’t have the means to post bond and is not a violent person, that’s our position,” Martin said, “but there is a sort of a rational limit to that when you imagine someone who simply refuses to come back to court.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Nationally, the median bail for felonies was $10,000, but 32% of people who were being held in jail between April 2023 and April 2024 reported an annual income of \u003ca href=\"https://www.prisonpolicy.org/blog/2024/04/15/jails_update/\">less than $10,000\u003c/a>, according to a report from the Prison Policy Initiative, a nonprofit that advocates against mass incarceration.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The most recent decision in Kowalczyk’s case was in the 1st District Court of Appeal, which found in December 2022 that the California Constitution “does not prohibit courts from fixing bail at an amount a defendant cannot likely meet” but added a caveat: “It will be the rare case where such a monetary condition is truly necessary.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Kowalczyk’s legal team is appealing that judgment and argues that the appeals court decision muddies the water on bail release decisions, potentially throwing the entire system into chaos.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“The lower court’s opinion will cause confusion in the trial courts,” wrote Kowalczyk attorney Marsanne Weese. “This opinion has created a situation in which trial courts can now opt to forego the rigorous evidentiary requirements of (the Constitution) by simply imposing a de facto detention through unaffordable bail.”\u003c/p>\n\u003ch2 id=\"h-high-interest-in-bail-case-at-california-supreme-court\" class=\"wp-block-heading\">High interest in bail case at California Supreme Court\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>The case has attracted outside attention — 14 organizations filed amicus briefs, 11 supporting Kowalczyk, including those from Human Rights Watch and the bar associations in Alameda, Los Angeles and Santa Clara counties.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Three organizations filed in support of the San Mateo District Attorney’s Office, including the conservative Criminal Justice Legal Foundation and the San Francisco District Attorney’s Office.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cp>In March 2023, Gov. Gavin Newsom stood before a crowd in Sacramento’s Cal Expo event center and promised — \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/news/11943746/newsom-will-mobilize-national-guard-to-deliver-1200-tiny-homes-to-address-homelessness-crisis\">he’d send 1,200 tiny homes to shelter homeless residents\u003c/a> in the capital city and three other places throughout the state.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The move was part of Newsom’s push to improve the homelessness crisis by quickly moving people out of encampments and into more stable environments. But more than a year later, none of those tiny homes have welcomed a single resident. Only about 150 have even been purchased.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Irontown Modular, one of six vendors the state chose to supply the tiny homes in Sacramento, San José, Los Angeles and San Diego County, is “absolutely shocked” that they’ve received no orders, said Kam Valgardson, general manager of the Utah-based company.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“The big problem is that the homeless people aren’t getting served,” Valgardson said. “I can complain as a business, but these homeless people are getting no support, no relief. The money’s been promised, but something’s broken in the process, and nobody’s placing orders.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>There have been multiple delays and about-faces over everything from how the state funds the units to the ability of local cities and counties to find places to put them. The state has suggested the delays are the fault of local governments. However, tiny homes have failed to materialize even when local leaders moved quickly to approve a project site.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In some cases, it’s difficult to know exactly what’s holding up these projects. Communications involving the governor’s office are exempt from the California Public Records Act. Multiple requests by CalMatters for emails between the governor’s office and the cities and counties slated to receive the tiny homes were denied.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The state has started construction at the Sacramento tiny home site and has made funding available to the other three cities and counties to buy their own tiny homes — delivering on its promise, Monica Hassan, deputy director of the state’s Department of General Services, said in an email to CalMatters. That bolsters the state’s “already substantial efforts to help tackle the homelessness crisis,” she said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Focusing solely on timelines diminishes the hard work of numerous individuals dedicated to providing much-needed housing,” she said.\u003c/p>\n\u003ch2>Bringing tiny homes to California\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>The governor set up a big to-do when he made his tiny home promise in March of last year. He had sample tiny homes set up in the Cal Expo event center to use as a backdrop as he spoke. Local officials, including Sacramento Mayor Darrell Steinberg and San José Mayor Matt Mahan, flanked him to show their support and gratitude.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The venue was also strategically chosen — Sacramento planned to set up its allotted 350 tiny homes right there at Cal Expo.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The plan was simple: The state would buy the tiny homes. The California National Guard would help prepare and deliver them “\u003ca href=\"https://www.gov.ca.gov/2023/03/16/governor-newsom-announces-1-billion-in-homelessness-funding-launches-states-largest-mobilization-of-small-homes/\">free of charge and ready for occupancy\u003c/a>.” Los Angeles was promised 500 tiny homes, Sacramento 350, San José 200 and San Diego County 150.[aside postID=news_11975319,news_11972474]In October 2023, Newsom’s office gave its first concrete update, revealing \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/news/11972474/newsom-administration-makes-progress-on-tiny-home-promise\">the six companies it contracted with to supply the tiny homes\u003c/a>. They ranged from \u003ca href=\"https://palletshelter.com/\">Pallet\u003c/a>, a Washington-based company that specializes in sheltering unhoused people and already has multiple sites up and running in California; to \u003ca href=\"https://amegllc.com/what-we-do/modular-home-building/\">AMEG\u003c/a>, a company based outside of Sacramento that does disaster recovery and modular home building but hasn’t built a community for homeless residents before.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But the project’s parameters changed. Instead of buying and delivering the units, the state decided to send several of the cities cash grants and let them order the tiny homes themselves. In San José, \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/news/11975319/newsom-reneges-on-sending-san-jose-tiny-homes-for-the-unhoused\">this left the city on the hook for more money than anticipated\u003c/a>. The state awarded the city $13.3 million. Building the planned tiny homes for 200 people will cost $22.7 million, according to Mayor Mahan.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The mayor said San José told the state it would rather get tiny homes with en suite bathrooms, which are more expensive. But, Mahan said, San José was willing to cover the cost difference.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Instead, Newsom’s administration decided to provide cash grants in place of fully built tiny homes. It’s more efficient, Hassan said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>San José plans to open its tiny home site by July 2025.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“This is a solution that, even under this timeframe, is significantly faster and lower cost than many alternatives,” Mahan said. “And we’re grateful for the support, and when unexpected things come up, we just roll with the punches.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Finding space to put these tiny homes — which is the responsibility of local cities and counties — also proved challenging. Plans to place Sacramento’s tiny homes at Cal Expo, where Newsom made his splashy announcement last year, \u003ca href=\"https://www.sacbee.com/opinion/article280376109.html\">fell apart\u003c/a>. Instead, the state intends to set up 175 tiny homes on Stockton Boulevard. The county plans to install the remaining 175 on Watt Avenue.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In March, a year after Newsom named San Diego County as one of the tiny home recipients, the County Board of Supervisors finally approved a location for the project in Spring Valley. But there’s still a lot to do. The county has to test the soil and make sure the site is safe. After that, officials plan to start getting community feedback on the planned project. The county has not yet bought the tiny homes or set an opening date.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Like every other homelessness policy solution, local governments are fundamentally the drivers and fundamentally the implementers,” said Jason Elliott, Newsom’s deputy chief of staff. “What the state has done is provide billions of dollars in new investment, dozens and dozens of bills to cut red tape and a policy framework that pushes for faster action to resolve unsheltered encampments. But as we have seen time and time again in California, local commitment and partnership is the other side of that coin.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>San José, in contrast to San Diego County, approved plans to set up tiny homes at the Cerone bus yard back in October. Even so, the state didn’t send San José a grant agreement until March, Mahan said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Of the four communities promised tiny homes, the state has made the most progress in Sacramento. In late January and early February, the state bought 155 units from BOSS, a tiny home company based in Montebello in Southern California. Those units, most of which are 70 square feet, have been built and are ready to ship to Stockton Avenue, said Kris Van Giesen, senior vice president of community development.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>After a brief delay due to rain, a contractor hired by the state has started building out the infrastructure at the Stockton Avenue site, Hassan said. It’s slated to open this fall.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In Los Angeles, city officials still haven’t finalized locations for their tiny homes.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“The city has been working diligently to evaluate potential sites, coordinate relevant departments and prepare plans that will be submitted to the state by the end of May,” Gabby Maarse, a spokesperson for the mayor’s office, said in an email.\u003c/p>\n\u003ch2>No one is ordering tiny homes\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>Another big selling point of Newsom’s plan: His administration opened up the contracts so that other cities and counties (in addition to the chosen four) could use their own money to buy tiny homes from the six approved vendors without going through a time-consuming and bureaucratic request for proposal process.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>That move was supposed to help deploy more tiny homes quickly and, therefore, move more people out of encampments. But CalMatters spoke with all six approved vendors, and none have received any orders through that process.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Several companies said a handful of cities have reached out and expressed interest. But without cash from the state, many are finding it hard to pull the trigger.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“A lot of these cities are struggling to find the funding they need,” said Amy King, founder and CEO of Pallet.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The cheapest Pallet tiny home approved by the state contract sells for $18,900. Add an en suite bathroom, and the price jumps to $55,350. That’s still considerably cheaper than other housing options.[aside postID=news_11964985 hero='https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2023/10/100323-DignityMoves-Tiny-Homes-LE-CM-08-1020x680.jpg']Other companies said the state hasn’t done as much as it could to promote the effort. There’s no website that lists the vendors covered by the state contracts, the available models and price comparisons, said Anmol Mehra, cofounder of Plugin House, an Austin-based modular home company and one of the six approved vendors.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>And the state insists on approving any promotional materials the vendors put out on their own, Valgardson said. After his company, Irontown Modular accidentally posted marketing materials online prematurely, the state made them take the materials down and get approval. It took almost two months to get the green light, Valgardson said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The tiny home companies said they had to jump through myriad hoops to secure the state contracts. Several said they had to design new products specifically to meet the state’s strict requirements for everything from vapor-resistant light fixtures to emergency exit lighting. It took months and cost tens of thousands of dollars, Valgardson said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>David Baldwin, owner of AMEG, expected orders to start rolling in by December of last year. It’s “a little bit frustrating,” he said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad floatright]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“We’re ready to go,” he said. “We have people chomping at the bit that want to go help.”\u003c/p>\n\n",
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"title": "Newsom Promised 1,200 Tiny Homes for Unhoused Californians, but a Year Later None Have Opened | KQED",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>In March 2023, Gov. Gavin Newsom stood before a crowd in Sacramento’s Cal Expo event center and promised — \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/news/11943746/newsom-will-mobilize-national-guard-to-deliver-1200-tiny-homes-to-address-homelessness-crisis\">he’d send 1,200 tiny homes to shelter homeless residents\u003c/a> in the capital city and three other places throughout the state.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The move was part of Newsom’s push to improve the homelessness crisis by quickly moving people out of encampments and into more stable environments. But more than a year later, none of those tiny homes have welcomed a single resident. Only about 150 have even been purchased.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Irontown Modular, one of six vendors the state chose to supply the tiny homes in Sacramento, San José, Los Angeles and San Diego County, is “absolutely shocked” that they’ve received no orders, said Kam Valgardson, general manager of the Utah-based company.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“The big problem is that the homeless people aren’t getting served,” Valgardson said. “I can complain as a business, but these homeless people are getting no support, no relief. The money’s been promised, but something’s broken in the process, and nobody’s placing orders.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>There have been multiple delays and about-faces over everything from how the state funds the units to the ability of local cities and counties to find places to put them. The state has suggested the delays are the fault of local governments. However, tiny homes have failed to materialize even when local leaders moved quickly to approve a project site.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In some cases, it’s difficult to know exactly what’s holding up these projects. Communications involving the governor’s office are exempt from the California Public Records Act. Multiple requests by CalMatters for emails between the governor’s office and the cities and counties slated to receive the tiny homes were denied.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The state has started construction at the Sacramento tiny home site and has made funding available to the other three cities and counties to buy their own tiny homes — delivering on its promise, Monica Hassan, deputy director of the state’s Department of General Services, said in an email to CalMatters. That bolsters the state’s “already substantial efforts to help tackle the homelessness crisis,” she said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Focusing solely on timelines diminishes the hard work of numerous individuals dedicated to providing much-needed housing,” she said.\u003c/p>\n\u003ch2>Bringing tiny homes to California\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>The governor set up a big to-do when he made his tiny home promise in March of last year. He had sample tiny homes set up in the Cal Expo event center to use as a backdrop as he spoke. Local officials, including Sacramento Mayor Darrell Steinberg and San José Mayor Matt Mahan, flanked him to show their support and gratitude.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The venue was also strategically chosen — Sacramento planned to set up its allotted 350 tiny homes right there at Cal Expo.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The plan was simple: The state would buy the tiny homes. The California National Guard would help prepare and deliver them “\u003ca href=\"https://www.gov.ca.gov/2023/03/16/governor-newsom-announces-1-billion-in-homelessness-funding-launches-states-largest-mobilization-of-small-homes/\">free of charge and ready for occupancy\u003c/a>.” Los Angeles was promised 500 tiny homes, Sacramento 350, San José 200 and San Diego County 150.\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>In October 2023, Newsom’s office gave its first concrete update, revealing \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/news/11972474/newsom-administration-makes-progress-on-tiny-home-promise\">the six companies it contracted with to supply the tiny homes\u003c/a>. They ranged from \u003ca href=\"https://palletshelter.com/\">Pallet\u003c/a>, a Washington-based company that specializes in sheltering unhoused people and already has multiple sites up and running in California; to \u003ca href=\"https://amegllc.com/what-we-do/modular-home-building/\">AMEG\u003c/a>, a company based outside of Sacramento that does disaster recovery and modular home building but hasn’t built a community for homeless residents before.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But the project’s parameters changed. Instead of buying and delivering the units, the state decided to send several of the cities cash grants and let them order the tiny homes themselves. In San José, \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/news/11975319/newsom-reneges-on-sending-san-jose-tiny-homes-for-the-unhoused\">this left the city on the hook for more money than anticipated\u003c/a>. The state awarded the city $13.3 million. Building the planned tiny homes for 200 people will cost $22.7 million, according to Mayor Mahan.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The mayor said San José told the state it would rather get tiny homes with en suite bathrooms, which are more expensive. But, Mahan said, San José was willing to cover the cost difference.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Instead, Newsom’s administration decided to provide cash grants in place of fully built tiny homes. It’s more efficient, Hassan said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>San José plans to open its tiny home site by July 2025.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“This is a solution that, even under this timeframe, is significantly faster and lower cost than many alternatives,” Mahan said. “And we’re grateful for the support, and when unexpected things come up, we just roll with the punches.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Finding space to put these tiny homes — which is the responsibility of local cities and counties — also proved challenging. Plans to place Sacramento’s tiny homes at Cal Expo, where Newsom made his splashy announcement last year, \u003ca href=\"https://www.sacbee.com/opinion/article280376109.html\">fell apart\u003c/a>. Instead, the state intends to set up 175 tiny homes on Stockton Boulevard. The county plans to install the remaining 175 on Watt Avenue.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In March, a year after Newsom named San Diego County as one of the tiny home recipients, the County Board of Supervisors finally approved a location for the project in Spring Valley. But there’s still a lot to do. The county has to test the soil and make sure the site is safe. After that, officials plan to start getting community feedback on the planned project. The county has not yet bought the tiny homes or set an opening date.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Like every other homelessness policy solution, local governments are fundamentally the drivers and fundamentally the implementers,” said Jason Elliott, Newsom’s deputy chief of staff. “What the state has done is provide billions of dollars in new investment, dozens and dozens of bills to cut red tape and a policy framework that pushes for faster action to resolve unsheltered encampments. But as we have seen time and time again in California, local commitment and partnership is the other side of that coin.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>San José, in contrast to San Diego County, approved plans to set up tiny homes at the Cerone bus yard back in October. Even so, the state didn’t send San José a grant agreement until March, Mahan said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Of the four communities promised tiny homes, the state has made the most progress in Sacramento. In late January and early February, the state bought 155 units from BOSS, a tiny home company based in Montebello in Southern California. Those units, most of which are 70 square feet, have been built and are ready to ship to Stockton Avenue, said Kris Van Giesen, senior vice president of community development.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>After a brief delay due to rain, a contractor hired by the state has started building out the infrastructure at the Stockton Avenue site, Hassan said. It’s slated to open this fall.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In Los Angeles, city officials still haven’t finalized locations for their tiny homes.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“The city has been working diligently to evaluate potential sites, coordinate relevant departments and prepare plans that will be submitted to the state by the end of May,” Gabby Maarse, a spokesperson for the mayor’s office, said in an email.\u003c/p>\n\u003ch2>No one is ordering tiny homes\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>Another big selling point of Newsom’s plan: His administration opened up the contracts so that other cities and counties (in addition to the chosen four) could use their own money to buy tiny homes from the six approved vendors without going through a time-consuming and bureaucratic request for proposal process.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>That move was supposed to help deploy more tiny homes quickly and, therefore, move more people out of encampments. But CalMatters spoke with all six approved vendors, and none have received any orders through that process.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Several companies said a handful of cities have reached out and expressed interest. But without cash from the state, many are finding it hard to pull the trigger.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“A lot of these cities are struggling to find the funding they need,” said Amy King, founder and CEO of Pallet.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The cheapest Pallet tiny home approved by the state contract sells for $18,900. Add an en suite bathroom, and the price jumps to $55,350. That’s still considerably cheaper than other housing options.\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>Other companies said the state hasn’t done as much as it could to promote the effort. There’s no website that lists the vendors covered by the state contracts, the available models and price comparisons, said Anmol Mehra, cofounder of Plugin House, an Austin-based modular home company and one of the six approved vendors.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>And the state insists on approving any promotional materials the vendors put out on their own, Valgardson said. After his company, Irontown Modular accidentally posted marketing materials online prematurely, the state made them take the materials down and get approval. It took almost two months to get the green light, Valgardson said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The tiny home companies said they had to jump through myriad hoops to secure the state contracts. Several said they had to design new products specifically to meet the state’s strict requirements for everything from vapor-resistant light fixtures to emergency exit lighting. It took months and cost tens of thousands of dollars, Valgardson said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>David Baldwin, owner of AMEG, expected orders to start rolling in by December of last year. It’s “a little bit frustrating,” he said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cp>Over the month of April, 56 people died of accidental overdose in San Francisco, according to the city’s Department of Public Health.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The figure marks a decline of 21% when compared to April of last year when 71 people died. This April also saw the fewest deaths in a single month since December.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“For some comparisons, in the first four months of last year, we had 275 accidental overdoses,” San Francisco’s Director of Health, Dr. Grant Colfax, said at a briefing to announce the latest figures. “And this year, we’ve had 258. As has been the trend since the city started tracking these data in 2020, more than 70% of overdose deaths in April were caused by fentanyl.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Colfax and other public health officials also shared updates on a new pilot program meant to improve medication access for unhoused people seeking addiction treatment overnight.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>As part of the new program, members of the Night Navigation Team make contact with unhoused people between 8 p.m. and midnight and set up telehealth consultations with on-call doctors.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Those doctors can then write prescriptions for things like buprenorphine — a pain medication that helps reduce withdrawal symptoms — to be picked up at a 24-hour pharmacy or the next day.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Since 2020, DPH has been rapidly expanding our system to make drug treatment more accessible than ever and to serve more people in those treatment programs,” Colfax said. “We know from our outreach program that there is a demand for medications to treat fentanyl addiction at night.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c!-- iframe plugin v.4.3 wordpress.org/plugins/iframe/ -->\u003cbr>\n\u003ciframe loading=\"lazy\" title=\"SF overdose deaths in first 4 months of 2023/2024\" aria-label=\"Grouped Bars\" id=\"datawrapper-chart-4K3uO\" src=\"https://datawrapper.dwcdn.net/4K3uO/1/\" scrolling=\"no\" frameborder=\"0\" style=\"border: none;\" width=\"700\" height=\"410\" data-external=\"1\" class=\"iframe-class\">\u003c/iframe>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>If rooms are available, residents who accept treatment are also provided with a place to stay while they start their recovery.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Under this pilot, many of the individuals who have committed to starting medication for their fentanyl-use disorder have been sheltered at either the Adante Hotel or another available site in the community to start their medicine,” Chief Medical Officer Dr. Joanna Eveland said. “We have been using rooms that were previously reserved for quarantine emergencies but not currently needed for those, thankfully.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Once placed in a room, Eveland said residents are connected with a case manager to begin planning for their exit after a week. Those residents also have access to various services, including transportation to pick up prescriptions and help to enroll in treatment programs or public insurance.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The pilot program began in March and recorded 173 telehealth consultations in that time, according to Eveland. Of those, 134 were prescribed buprenorphine and 33% of people picked up those medications.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[aside label=\"Related Stories\" postID=\"news_11986128,news_11986508,news_11987183\"]“This is actually a high rate of people accepting the medication,” when compared to general prescription fill rates, Colfax said. “Remember, these are people on the street in the middle of the night.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Eveland added that when unhoused residents were provided rooms to stay in, the prescription fill rate jumped to 78%.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“We have found that when we have combined the evening telehealth with safe and stable shelter where people can start their medication and receive support, they are three times more likely to enter recovery,” Eveland said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Health officials did not share specifics regarding plans for the pilot program but emphasized they see potential in its continuation.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Our hope is, as we go into analyzing the data further, that we’ll be able to expand the hours of the program so that we continue to focus on the populations most at risk,” Colfax said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Colfax and other public health officials also shared updates on a new pilot program meant to improve medication access for unhoused people seeking addiction treatment overnight.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>As part of the new program, members of the Night Navigation Team make contact with unhoused people between 8 p.m. and midnight and set up telehealth consultations with on-call doctors.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Those doctors can then write prescriptions for things like buprenorphine — a pain medication that helps reduce withdrawal symptoms — to be picked up at a 24-hour pharmacy or the next day.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Since 2020, DPH has been rapidly expanding our system to make drug treatment more accessible than ever and to serve more people in those treatment programs,” Colfax said. “We know from our outreach program that there is a demand for medications to treat fentanyl addiction at night.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c!-- iframe plugin v.4.3 wordpress.org/plugins/iframe/ -->\u003cbr>\n\u003ciframe loading=\"lazy\" title=\"SF overdose deaths in first 4 months of 2023/2024\" aria-label=\"Grouped Bars\" id=\"datawrapper-chart-4K3uO\" src=\"https://datawrapper.dwcdn.net/4K3uO/1/\" scrolling=\"no\" frameborder=\"0\" style=\"border: none;\" width=\"700\" height=\"410\" data-external=\"1\" class=\"iframe-class\">\u003c/iframe>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>If rooms are available, residents who accept treatment are also provided with a place to stay while they start their recovery.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Under this pilot, many of the individuals who have committed to starting medication for their fentanyl-use disorder have been sheltered at either the Adante Hotel or another available site in the community to start their medicine,” Chief Medical Officer Dr. Joanna Eveland said. “We have been using rooms that were previously reserved for quarantine emergencies but not currently needed for those, thankfully.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Once placed in a room, Eveland said residents are connected with a case manager to begin planning for their exit after a week. Those residents also have access to various services, including transportation to pick up prescriptions and help to enroll in treatment programs or public insurance.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The pilot program began in March and recorded 173 telehealth consultations in that time, according to Eveland. Of those, 134 were prescribed buprenorphine and 33% of people picked up those medications.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>“This is actually a high rate of people accepting the medication,” when compared to general prescription fill rates, Colfax said. “Remember, these are people on the street in the middle of the night.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Eveland added that when unhoused residents were provided rooms to stay in, the prescription fill rate jumped to 78%.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“We have found that when we have combined the evening telehealth with safe and stable shelter where people can start their medication and receive support, they are three times more likely to enter recovery,” Eveland said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Health officials did not share specifics regarding plans for the pilot program but emphasized they see potential in its continuation.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Our hope is, as we go into analyzing the data further, that we’ll be able to expand the hours of the program so that we continue to focus on the populations most at risk,” Colfax said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>",
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"info": "What kind of no sabo word is Hyphenación? For us, it’s about living within a hyphenation. Like being a third-gen Mexican-American from the Texas border now living that Bay Area Chicano life. Like Xorje! Each week we bring together a couple of hyphenated Latinos to talk all about personal life choices: family, careers, relationships, belonging … everything is on the table. ",
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"info": "The Political Mind of Jerry Brown brings listeners the wisdom of the former Governor, Mayor, and presidential candidate. Scott Shafer interviewed Brown for more than 40 hours, covering the former governor's life and half-century in the political game – and Brown has some lessons he'd like to share. ",
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"info": "Our flagship program, helmed by Kai Ryssdal, examines what the day in money delivered, through stories, conversations, newsworthy numbers and more. Updated Monday through Friday at about 3:30 p.m. PT.",
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"mindshift": {
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"info": "The MindShift podcast explores the innovations in education that are shaping how kids learn. Hosts Ki Sung and Katrina Schwartz introduce listeners to educators, researchers, parents and students who are developing effective ways to improve how kids learn. We cover topics like how fed-up administrators are developing surprising tactics to deal with classroom disruptions; how listening to podcasts are helping kids develop reading skills; the consequences of overparenting; and why interdisciplinary learning can engage students on all ends of the traditional achievement spectrum. This podcast is part of the MindShift education site, a division of KQED News. KQED is an NPR/PBS member station based in San Francisco. You can also visit the MindShift website for episodes and supplemental blog posts or tweet us \u003ca href=\"https://twitter.com/MindShiftKQED\">@MindShiftKQED\u003c/a> or visit us at \u003ca href=\"/mindshift\">MindShift.KQED.org\u003c/a>",
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"order": 12
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"info": "\u003cem>Morning Edition\u003c/em> takes listeners around the country and the world with multi-faceted stories and commentaries every weekday. Hosts Steve Inskeep, David Greene and Rachel Martin bring you the latest breaking news and features to prepare you for the day.",
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"onourwatch": {
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"info": "For decades, the process for how police police themselves has been inconsistent – if not opaque. In some states, like California, these proceedings were completely hidden. After a new police transparency law unsealed scores of internal affairs files, our reporters set out to examine these cases and the shadow world of police discipline. On Our Watch brings listeners into the rooms where officers are questioned and witnesses are interrogated to find out who this system is really protecting. Is it the officers, or the public they've sworn to serve?",
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"title": "Political Breakdown",
"tagline": "Politics from a personal perspective",
"info": "Political Breakdown is a new series that explores the political intersection of California and the nation. Each week hosts Scott Shafer and Marisa Lagos are joined with a new special guest to unpack politics -- with personality — and offer an insider’s glimpse at how politics happens.",
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"possible": {
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"title": "Possible",
"info": "Possible is hosted by entrepreneur Reid Hoffman and writer Aria Finger. Together in Possible, Hoffman and Finger lead enlightening discussions about building a brighter collective future. The show features interviews with visionary guests like Trevor Noah, Sam Altman and Janette Sadik-Khan. Possible paints an optimistic portrait of the world we can create through science, policy, business, art and our shared humanity. It asks: What if everything goes right for once? How can we get there? Each episode also includes a short fiction story generated by advanced AI GPT-4, serving as a thought-provoking springboard to speculate how humanity could leverage technology for good.",
"airtime": "SUN 2pm",
"imageSrc": "https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/04/Possible-Podcast-Tile-360x360-1.jpg",
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},
"pri-the-world": {
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"title": "PRI's The World: Latest Edition",
"info": "Each weekday, host Marco Werman and his team of producers bring you the world's most interesting stories in an hour of radio that reminds us just how small our planet really is.",
"airtime": "MON-FRI 2pm-3pm",
"imageSrc": "https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/04/The-World-Podcast-Tile-360x360-1.jpg",
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},
"radiolab": {
"id": "radiolab",
"title": "Radiolab",
"info": "A two-time Peabody Award-winner, Radiolab is an investigation told through sounds and stories, and centered around one big idea. In the Radiolab world, information sounds like music and science and culture collide. Hosted by Jad Abumrad and Robert Krulwich, the show is designed for listeners who demand skepticism, but appreciate wonder. WNYC Studios is the producer of other leading podcasts including Freakonomics Radio, Death, Sex & Money, On the Media and many more.",
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},
"reveal": {
"id": "reveal",
"title": "Reveal",
"info": "Created by The Center for Investigative Reporting and PRX, Reveal is public radios first one-hour weekly radio show and podcast dedicated to investigative reporting. Credible, fact based and without a partisan agenda, Reveal combines the power and artistry of driveway moment storytelling with data-rich reporting on critically important issues. The result is stories that inform and inspire, arming our listeners with information to right injustices, hold the powerful accountable and improve lives.Reveal is hosted by Al Letson and showcases the award-winning work of CIR and newsrooms large and small across the nation. In a radio and podcast market crowded with choices, Reveal focuses on important and often surprising stories that illuminate the world for our listeners.",
"airtime": "SAT 4pm-5pm",
"imageSrc": "https://ww2.kqed.org/radio/wp-content/uploads/sites/50/2018/04/reveal300px.png",
"officialWebsiteLink": "https://www.revealnews.org/episodes/",
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"source": "npr"
},
"link": "/radio/program/reveal",
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"rss": "http://feeds.revealradio.org/revealpodcast"
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},
"rightnowish": {
"id": "rightnowish",
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"requestOutcomesReducer": {
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