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"content": "\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_130130\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 627px\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2014/03/6821006088_79416592ca_o.jpg\">\u003cimg class=\"size-medium wp-image-130130\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2014/03/6821006088_79416592ca_o-627x640.jpg\" alt=\"Spawning chinook salmon arriving at the Feather River hatchery in Oroville. (KQED/Dan Brekke)\" width=\"627\" height=\"640\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Spawning chinook salmon arriving at the Feather River hatchery in Oroville. (KQED/Dan Brekke) \u003ccite>(KQED/Dan Brekke)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Because of the drought, millions of baby salmon from Northern California are about to get a truck ride to the Sacramento-San Joaquin Delta.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The fish, juvenile fall-run chinook salmon, would normally ride the Sacramento River for 200 miles from the Coleman National Fish Hatchery to the Delta, then swim to San Francisco Bay and through the Golden Gate. But because of this year's critical lack of precipitation, the Sacramento is running low, slow and clear — all conditions that threaten the survival of out-migrating salmon.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The conditions have prompted the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service to follow through on a provisional plan announced earlier this month to start trucking the salmon from Coleman to the Delta. The service announced today that the first load of this year's production of 12 million fish will leave the hatchery at 4 a.m. Tuesday and be driven to a holding pen at Rio Vista. \u003c/p>\n\u003caside class=\"pullquote alignleft\">'There has been fear on the docks about what awaits us out on the horizon as a result of the drought. People are afraid for their livelihoods.'\u003ccite>— John McManus\u003cbr>\nGolden Gate Salmon Association\u003c/cite>\u003c/aside>\n\u003cp>Bob Clarke, regional fisheries program supervisor for the Fish and Wildlife Service, says conditions along the Sacramento would likely be fatal to all the juvenile fall-run salmon that Coleman hatchery would usually release directly into the river. \"It could literally be lethal to all the fish released, and none of them would make it out to the ocean,\" Clarke said in a recent interview. \"That would do nobody any good to release fish at Coleman and have them all perish.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The outmigrating hatchery fish face a range of hazards in this drought year. The river is clearer than normal because of low flows, and that makes it easier for predators to find the fish. The lack of fresh rainfall and snow melt moving downstream has resulted in higher and potentially deadly water temperatures in the lower Sacramento. And in the Delta, fish can get lost because a channel that's normally blocked at this time of year to keep young salmon on course has been left open to allow fresh water to circulate more freely.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>California fishing groups are happy with the decision to truck the fish past all those dangers. John McManus, executive director of the Golden Gate Salmon Association, says giving the baby salmon a fighting chance of getting to the ocean will help the thousands of Californians who rely on salmon for part of their living.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"This means a lot of families whose major wage earner is in the salmon industry might have a decent year in 2016,\" when they return to spawn. \"There has been fear on the docks about what awaits us out on the horizon as a result of the drought. People are afraid for their livelihoods.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>A combination of circumstances, including poor river conditions and scarce food for salmon in the Pacific, led to a steep decline in the Sacramento River fall-run chinook fishery. So few fish returned to spawn that commercial fishing off California was shut down entirely in 2008 and 2009 and severely curtailed in 2010. McManus says trucking offers hope of avoiding a repeat of that disaster.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"All of a sudden, it looks a little brighter,\" McManus said, \"because the federal government moving these fish in a truck means survival numbers will go way up and we'll see more fish in the ocean two years from now.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>California hatcheries have trucked fish before — in fact, it has become nearly routine for state-run hatcheries like those on the Feather, American and Mokelumne rivers. But as Bob Clarke of the Fish and Wildlife Service points out, biologists see a downside to giving the fish a lift.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>He says trucking disrupts the juvenile salmon's ability to \"imprint\" on its natal stream, part of the process that's believed to be vital in guiding the fish back to spawn at the end of their lives.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"So when they come back, because their imprinting process was disrupted, they stray to all the different rivers in the Central Valley,\" Clarke said. And that's a problem because of the potential impact of hatchery-raised fish on the valley's dwindling stocks of wild chinook salmon.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"One of the obligations the Coleman hatchery has is to minimize the impact on wild stocks,\" Clarke says. \"We have to try to get our hatchery fish to come back to the hatchery and not mix with wild stocks, crowd them out on spawning grounds, spawn with them. When we truck them, they stray at a much, much higher rate than when we don't truck them.\"\u003c/p>\n\n",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_130130\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 627px\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2014/03/6821006088_79416592ca_o.jpg\">\u003cimg class=\"size-medium wp-image-130130\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2014/03/6821006088_79416592ca_o-627x640.jpg\" alt=\"Spawning chinook salmon arriving at the Feather River hatchery in Oroville. (KQED/Dan Brekke)\" width=\"627\" height=\"640\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Spawning chinook salmon arriving at the Feather River hatchery in Oroville. (KQED/Dan Brekke) \u003ccite>(KQED/Dan Brekke)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Because of the drought, millions of baby salmon from Northern California are about to get a truck ride to the Sacramento-San Joaquin Delta.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The fish, juvenile fall-run chinook salmon, would normally ride the Sacramento River for 200 miles from the Coleman National Fish Hatchery to the Delta, then swim to San Francisco Bay and through the Golden Gate. But because of this year's critical lack of precipitation, the Sacramento is running low, slow and clear — all conditions that threaten the survival of out-migrating salmon.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The conditions have prompted the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service to follow through on a provisional plan announced earlier this month to start trucking the salmon from Coleman to the Delta. The service announced today that the first load of this year's production of 12 million fish will leave the hatchery at 4 a.m. Tuesday and be driven to a holding pen at Rio Vista. \u003c/p>\n\u003caside class=\"pullquote alignleft\">'There has been fear on the docks about what awaits us out on the horizon as a result of the drought. People are afraid for their livelihoods.'\u003ccite>— John McManus\u003cbr>\nGolden Gate Salmon Association\u003c/cite>\u003c/aside>\n\u003cp>Bob Clarke, regional fisheries program supervisor for the Fish and Wildlife Service, says conditions along the Sacramento would likely be fatal to all the juvenile fall-run salmon that Coleman hatchery would usually release directly into the river. \"It could literally be lethal to all the fish released, and none of them would make it out to the ocean,\" Clarke said in a recent interview. \"That would do nobody any good to release fish at Coleman and have them all perish.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The outmigrating hatchery fish face a range of hazards in this drought year. The river is clearer than normal because of low flows, and that makes it easier for predators to find the fish. The lack of fresh rainfall and snow melt moving downstream has resulted in higher and potentially deadly water temperatures in the lower Sacramento. And in the Delta, fish can get lost because a channel that's normally blocked at this time of year to keep young salmon on course has been left open to allow fresh water to circulate more freely.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>California fishing groups are happy with the decision to truck the fish past all those dangers. John McManus, executive director of the Golden Gate Salmon Association, says giving the baby salmon a fighting chance of getting to the ocean will help the thousands of Californians who rely on salmon for part of their living.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"This means a lot of families whose major wage earner is in the salmon industry might have a decent year in 2016,\" when they return to spawn. \"There has been fear on the docks about what awaits us out on the horizon as a result of the drought. People are afraid for their livelihoods.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>A combination of circumstances, including poor river conditions and scarce food for salmon in the Pacific, led to a steep decline in the Sacramento River fall-run chinook fishery. So few fish returned to spawn that commercial fishing off California was shut down entirely in 2008 and 2009 and severely curtailed in 2010. McManus says trucking offers hope of avoiding a repeat of that disaster.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"All of a sudden, it looks a little brighter,\" McManus said, \"because the federal government moving these fish in a truck means survival numbers will go way up and we'll see more fish in the ocean two years from now.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>California hatcheries have trucked fish before — in fact, it has become nearly routine for state-run hatcheries like those on the Feather, American and Mokelumne rivers. But as Bob Clarke of the Fish and Wildlife Service points out, biologists see a downside to giving the fish a lift.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>He says trucking disrupts the juvenile salmon's ability to \"imprint\" on its natal stream, part of the process that's believed to be vital in guiding the fish back to spawn at the end of their lives.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"So when they come back, because their imprinting process was disrupted, they stray to all the different rivers in the Central Valley,\" Clarke said. And that's a problem because of the potential impact of hatchery-raised fish on the valley's dwindling stocks of wild chinook salmon.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"One of the obligations the Coleman hatchery has is to minimize the impact on wild stocks,\" Clarke says. \"We have to try to get our hatchery fish to come back to the hatchery and not mix with wild stocks, crowd them out on spawning grounds, spawn with them. When we truck them, they stray at a much, much higher rate than when we don't truck them.\"\u003c/p>\n\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>",
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"content": "\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_129991\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 640px\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2014/03/13077306185_525a3ba386_o.jpg\">\u003cimg class=\"size-medium wp-image-129991\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2014/03/13077306185_525a3ba386_o-640x387.jpg\" alt=\"Jade flowers. Technically, they're winter bloomers. But they're happy to see the sun, anyway. (Dan Brekke/KQED)\" width=\"640\" height=\"387\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Jade flowers. Technically, they're winter bloomers. But they're happy to see the sun anyway. (Dan Brekke/KQED)\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Yes, we're in a drought. Yes, we can expect a long, dry summer and fall with mandatory water restrictions. You can come up with your own list of troubles present and impending.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But today -- as 9:57 a.m. PDT, the time of this year's March <a href=\"\u003ca href=\"http://infospigot.typepad.com/infospigot_the_chronicles/2013/09/equinox-1771-edition.html\">equinox\u003c/a> -- it's spring. So for one day anyway, let's let the sun trace its even path through the sky and embrace the scene around us, whatever it is.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>We can take up with all our worries and woes tomorrow.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_129991\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 640px\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2014/03/13077306185_525a3ba386_o.jpg\">\u003cimg class=\"size-medium wp-image-129991\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2014/03/13077306185_525a3ba386_o-640x387.jpg\" alt=\"Jade flowers. Technically, they're winter bloomers. But they're happy to see the sun, anyway. (Dan Brekke/KQED)\" width=\"640\" height=\"387\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Jade flowers. Technically, they're winter bloomers. But they're happy to see the sun anyway. (Dan Brekke/KQED)\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Yes, we're in a drought. Yes, we can expect a long, dry summer and fall with mandatory water restrictions. You can come up with your own list of troubles present and impending.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But today -- as 9:57 a.m. PDT, the time of this year's March <a href=\"\u003ca href=\"http://infospigot.typepad.com/infospigot_the_chronicles/2013/09/equinox-1771-edition.html\">equinox\u003c/a> -- it's spring. So for one day anyway, let's let the sun trace its even path through the sky and embrace the scene around us, whatever it is.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>We can take up with all our worries and woes tomorrow.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"disqusTitle": "Drought Impacts Central Valley School Enrollment While Debate Over Relief Continues",
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"content": "\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_129933\" class=\"wp-caption alignnone\" style=\"max-width: 640px\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2014/03/RS9385_467472193-lpr.jpg\">\u003cimg class=\"size-medium wp-image-129933\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2014/03/RS9385_467472193-lpr-640x426.jpg\" alt=\"A dog hangs around an abandoned farmhouse on February 6, 2014 near Bakersfield, California. (David McNew/Getty Images)\" width=\"640\" height=\"426\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">A dog hangs around an abandoned farmhouse on Feb. 6, 2014, near Bakersfield. (David McNew/Getty Images)\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>While members of Congress visited Fresno on Wednesday to discuss what to do about California's dwindling water supply, state Superintendent of Public Instruction Tom Torlakson announced that the drought is beginning to impact school enrollment.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Less planting means less demand for farm work, and some of the families of migrant workers are moving from the Central Valley to where there is work.\u003c/p>\n\u003caside class=\"pullquote alignleft\">'What are parents going to do? At a certain point they’re going to leave.'\u003ccite> State Superintendent Tom Torlakson\u003c/cite>\u003c/aside>\n\u003cp>\"'No water, no jobs.' We see those signs on the freeway, but that translates further to (if there are) no jobs, what are parents going to do? At a certain point they're going to leave,\" Torlakson told KQED's Central Bureau Chief Sasha Khokha in Fresno.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Schools receive funding based on student attendance, so when attendance drops, revenue normally does, too. Torlakson said that the state will provide aid to local districts seeing declining enrollment because of the drought. While the state won't provide new money, it will provide the funding school districts would have received if students had not left. Torlakson said the California Department of Education will work with school districts and state senators to determine what districts experience an enrollment decline due to the drought.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The superintendent said the drought is affecting students and their families in other ways, too.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"We're also seeing the social impact of this crisis where families are doubling up. Farmworker families that have no work, two or three families are living in the same small space so those crowded conditions can lead to conflict, to stress, to the inability to concentrate and do your homework,\" he said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003ciframe width=\"100%\" height=\"166\" scrolling=\"no\" frameborder=\"no\" src=\"https://w.soundcloud.com/player/?url=https%3A//api.soundcloud.com/tracks/140449652&color=ff5500&auto_play=false&hide_related=false&show_artwork=true\">\u003c/iframe>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Farmers protest in Fresno\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The House Natural Resources Committee was greeted by hundreds of farmworkers at Fresno City Hall protesting what they say are unfair water allotments.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Some workers held signs that read, \"Warning: No Water! No Food!\" and, \"Water — the hub of life.\" Chants of \"Water! Water!\" rang out in English and Spanish.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Seven Republican members of the committee — and one Democrat — were on hand to hear statements from invited witnesses who mostly blasted federal policies relating to water shipments to San Joaquin Valley agriculture.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[contextly_sidebar id=\"fbd57e7a3f9916ede34c61a3d74f05d9\"]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>House Republicans passed a water bill earlier this year that would impose sweeping changes on California water law and suspend endangered species protections for fish, among other measures, to get more water shipped quickly through the Sacramento-San Joaquin Delta. Democrats in the Senate have passed a drought relief package without those provisions but focusing on how to transfer water more efficiently among rights-holders and provide emergency relief to communities hurt by the drought.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Rep. Jim Costa of Fresno was the only Democrat to attend the meeting. In \u003ca href=\"http://costa.house.gov/index.php/2014-press-releases/1027-costa-cooperation-only-way-to-bring-valley-more-water\" target=\"_blank\">a statement\u003c/a> Tuesday, he called for a more bipartisan approach to dealing with the crisis.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"It is my hope that we will hear more about common ground and solutions that will bring more water to this valley instead of rehashing the tired, partisan battles over California water,\" Costa wrote.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But several California Republicans in Congress \u003ca href=\"http://mavensnotebook.com/wp-content/uploads/2013/12/CA-Delegation-Letter-FINAL.pdf\" target=\"_blank\">sent a letter\u003c/a> on Tuesday to President Obama and Gov. Jerry Brown urging them to act now to get more water to the valley. Regulations aimed at protecting endangered fish allowed 445,000 acre-feet of water from February rains to be lost into the ocean, the letter said. House Majority Whip Kevin McCarthy, who was among 13 to sign the letter.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"Given that communities in Central and Southern California are struggling to meet water needs and farmers are fallowing hundreds of thousands of acres of land that feed our state and country,\" the letter said, \"loss of this water is absolutely unacceptable.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Could a new reservoir help?\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In the town of Maxwell, in the Sacramento Valley, Democratic Rep. John Garamendi and Republican Rep. Doug LaMalfa announced a bill proposing to build a new reservoir north of Sacramento. With a storage capacity of 1.9 million acre-feet, it would be about the same size as the San Luis Reservoir near Los Banos.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The proposal, which has been studied for years, is to wall off a remote valley just about halfway between Sacramento and Redding, and fill it with water from the Sacramento River when runoff is high. They hope construction can start next year.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>However, the bill would not guarantee federal funding for the reservoir, which the lawmakers say will cost between $2 billion and $3 billion, although they said federal money could be available later. Likely sources of money are local water districts that will benefit from the reservoir and a state bond that is being negotiated for the November ballot.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>This post contains reporting from Sasha Khokha, Craig Miller and Mina Kim of KQED News, and the Associated Press.\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\n",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_129933\" class=\"wp-caption alignnone\" style=\"max-width: 640px\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2014/03/RS9385_467472193-lpr.jpg\">\u003cimg class=\"size-medium wp-image-129933\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2014/03/RS9385_467472193-lpr-640x426.jpg\" alt=\"A dog hangs around an abandoned farmhouse on February 6, 2014 near Bakersfield, California. (David McNew/Getty Images)\" width=\"640\" height=\"426\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">A dog hangs around an abandoned farmhouse on Feb. 6, 2014, near Bakersfield. (David McNew/Getty Images)\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>While members of Congress visited Fresno on Wednesday to discuss what to do about California's dwindling water supply, state Superintendent of Public Instruction Tom Torlakson announced that the drought is beginning to impact school enrollment.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Less planting means less demand for farm work, and some of the families of migrant workers are moving from the Central Valley to where there is work.\u003c/p>\n\u003caside class=\"pullquote alignleft\">'What are parents going to do? At a certain point they’re going to leave.'\u003ccite> State Superintendent Tom Torlakson\u003c/cite>\u003c/aside>\n\u003cp>\"'No water, no jobs.' We see those signs on the freeway, but that translates further to (if there are) no jobs, what are parents going to do? At a certain point they're going to leave,\" Torlakson told KQED's Central Bureau Chief Sasha Khokha in Fresno.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Schools receive funding based on student attendance, so when attendance drops, revenue normally does, too. Torlakson said that the state will provide aid to local districts seeing declining enrollment because of the drought. While the state won't provide new money, it will provide the funding school districts would have received if students had not left. Torlakson said the California Department of Education will work with school districts and state senators to determine what districts experience an enrollment decline due to the drought.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The superintendent said the drought is affecting students and their families in other ways, too.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"We're also seeing the social impact of this crisis where families are doubling up. Farmworker families that have no work, two or three families are living in the same small space so those crowded conditions can lead to conflict, to stress, to the inability to concentrate and do your homework,\" he said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003ciframe width=\"100%\" height=\"166\" scrolling=\"no\" frameborder=\"no\" src=\"https://w.soundcloud.com/player/?url=https%3A//api.soundcloud.com/tracks/140449652&color=ff5500&auto_play=false&hide_related=false&show_artwork=true\">\u003c/iframe>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Farmers protest in Fresno\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The House Natural Resources Committee was greeted by hundreds of farmworkers at Fresno City Hall protesting what they say are unfair water allotments.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Some workers held signs that read, \"Warning: No Water! No Food!\" and, \"Water — the hub of life.\" Chants of \"Water! Water!\" rang out in English and Spanish.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Seven Republican members of the committee — and one Democrat — were on hand to hear statements from invited witnesses who mostly blasted federal policies relating to water shipments to San Joaquin Valley agriculture.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>House Republicans passed a water bill earlier this year that would impose sweeping changes on California water law and suspend endangered species protections for fish, among other measures, to get more water shipped quickly through the Sacramento-San Joaquin Delta. Democrats in the Senate have passed a drought relief package without those provisions but focusing on how to transfer water more efficiently among rights-holders and provide emergency relief to communities hurt by the drought.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Rep. Jim Costa of Fresno was the only Democrat to attend the meeting. In \u003ca href=\"http://costa.house.gov/index.php/2014-press-releases/1027-costa-cooperation-only-way-to-bring-valley-more-water\" target=\"_blank\">a statement\u003c/a> Tuesday, he called for a more bipartisan approach to dealing with the crisis.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"It is my hope that we will hear more about common ground and solutions that will bring more water to this valley instead of rehashing the tired, partisan battles over California water,\" Costa wrote.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But several California Republicans in Congress \u003ca href=\"http://mavensnotebook.com/wp-content/uploads/2013/12/CA-Delegation-Letter-FINAL.pdf\" target=\"_blank\">sent a letter\u003c/a> on Tuesday to President Obama and Gov. Jerry Brown urging them to act now to get more water to the valley. Regulations aimed at protecting endangered fish allowed 445,000 acre-feet of water from February rains to be lost into the ocean, the letter said. House Majority Whip Kevin McCarthy, who was among 13 to sign the letter.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"Given that communities in Central and Southern California are struggling to meet water needs and farmers are fallowing hundreds of thousands of acres of land that feed our state and country,\" the letter said, \"loss of this water is absolutely unacceptable.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Could a new reservoir help?\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In the town of Maxwell, in the Sacramento Valley, Democratic Rep. John Garamendi and Republican Rep. Doug LaMalfa announced a bill proposing to build a new reservoir north of Sacramento. With a storage capacity of 1.9 million acre-feet, it would be about the same size as the San Luis Reservoir near Los Banos.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The proposal, which has been studied for years, is to wall off a remote valley just about halfway between Sacramento and Redding, and fill it with water from the Sacramento River when runoff is high. They hope construction can start next year.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>However, the bill would not guarantee federal funding for the reservoir, which the lawmakers say will cost between $2 billion and $3 billion, although they said federal money could be available later. Likely sources of money are local water districts that will benefit from the reservoir and a state bond that is being negotiated for the November ballot.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>This post contains reporting from Sasha Khokha, Craig Miller and Mina Kim of KQED News, and the Associated Press.\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>",
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"content": "\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_129812\" class=\"wp-caption alignleft\" style=\"max-width: 640px\">\u003cimg class=\"size-medium wp-image-129812\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2014/03/snow-640x640.jpg\" alt=\"The back porch pots are filled with plants that flower year-round, like the society garlic my housemate likes to pick to put in his grandmother's sherry glasses. (Buck Bagot/KQED)\" width=\"640\" height=\"640\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">The back porch pots are filled with plants that flower year-round, like the society garlic Kat's housemate likes to pick to put in his grandmother's sherry glasses. (Buck Bagot/KQED)\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Mint plants. I love mint plants.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>It’s being a child of Oregon, wandering out to pick mint leaves in the angled morning sun and chewing them while wild rabbits hop around the yard.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But here in the California drought, my mint plants are getting thin and spindly.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>I refuse to water the plants we keep on the back porch, since I believe farmers and salmon deserve the water more than my plants. The whole house is in on this; we’re turning off the shower when we soap up, we’re letting it mellow, the landlord is even researching rainwater catchment.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Every time I use water I ask myself how I can use less, and that’s how I came up with the answer for my mint plants.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>It always takes five or 10 seconds for the shower water to heat up. How about we capture that water in a bucket and use it to water the plants? Even with just five seconds' worth of water a day, we get enough for all the houseplants, front and back porch plants and the lettuces I’m about to plant.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>You could also pour this water into the dog bowl or use it to wash dishes.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>If you want to try it, get a bucket with a handle and a spout for easy pouring.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>(Your bathroom’s not big enough to store a bucket? Talk to the hand! I live in San Francisco, where kitchens are the size of bathrooms and bathrooms are the size of twin beds.)\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>How are you saving water during the drought? Share your stories on our \u003ca href=\"http://stateofdrought.tumblr.com/\" target=\"_blank\">State of Drought Tumblr\u003c/a> or email Olivia at \u003ca href=\"mailto:ohubertallen@kqed.org\">ohubertallen@kqed.org\u003c/a>.\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\n",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>It always takes five or 10 seconds for the shower water to heat up. How about we capture that water in a bucket and use it to water the plants? Even with just five seconds' worth of water a day, we get enough for all the houseplants, front and back porch plants and the lettuces I’m about to plant.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>You could also pour this water into the dog bowl or use it to wash dishes.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>If you want to try it, get a bucket with a handle and a spout for easy pouring.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>(Your bathroom’s not big enough to store a bucket? Talk to the hand! I live in San Francisco, where kitchens are the size of bathrooms and bathrooms are the size of twin beds.)\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>How are you saving water during the drought? Share your stories on our \u003ca href=\"http://stateofdrought.tumblr.com/\" target=\"_blank\">State of Drought Tumblr\u003c/a> or email Olivia at \u003ca href=\"mailto:ohubertallen@kqed.org\">ohubertallen@kqed.org\u003c/a>.\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"audio-wrap\">\n\u003ch2>Listen:\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>http://www.kqed.org/.stream/anon/radio/science/2014/03/20140317science.mp3\u003c/p>\n\u003c/div>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_15424\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 640px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-full wp-image-15424\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2014/03/pteropod3.gif\" alt=\"In lab tests, acidic waters have dissolved the shells of pteropods when they're still alive. (Woods Hole Oceanic Institution)\" width=\"640\" height=\"360\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">In lab tests, acidic waters have dissolved the shells of pteropods when they’re still alive. (Woods Hole Oceanic Institution)\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Earlier this year, managers at a hatchery near Vancouver, Canada announced they had \u003ca href=\"http://blogs.vancouversun.com/2014/02/26/acidic-water-blamed-for-bcs-10-million-scallop-die-off/\">lost three years’ worth of scallops\u003c/a> — 10 million animals — to acidic ocean waters. They laid off staff and shut down a processing plant. This was \u003ca href=\"http://earthfix.kcts9.org/water/article/acid-water-take-toll-on-puget-sound-shellfish/\">not the first time\u003c/a> a West Coast shellfish hatchery lost stock to the phenomenon known as ocean acidification.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“This has been happening at the hatcheries,” said Richard Feely, a senior scientist at the \u003ca href=\"http://www.pmel.noaa.gov/co2/story/Ocean+Acidification\">National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration\u003c/a>. Feely studies the process by which carbon dioxide absorbed from the atmosphere gradually turns ocean waters more acidic.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“When these corrosive waters get into the hatcheries of our shell-forming shellfish species, for example oyster larvae on the Washington, Oregon coast, they can kill the oyster larvae within two days,” he said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Ocean acidification is worse off the West Coast than anywhere else in North America, and threatens animals up and down the food chain. Scientists are now studying how these corrosive waters are already affecting West Coast marine life.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_15419\" class=\"wp-caption alignleft\" style=\"max-width: 264px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\" wp-image-15419 \" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2014/03/FAirweather_2491_small-897x1024.jpg\" alt=\"The Fairweather is one of the research vessels NOAA uses for ocean acidification studies. (NOAA) \" width=\"264\" height=\"301\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">The Fairweather is one of the research vessels NOAA uses for ocean acidification studies. (NOAA)\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>For instance, corrosive waters also dissolve the shells of tiny marine snails called pteropods, a favorite food of some salmon species. The dissolution in some cases happens when the animal is still alive.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>This matters not just if you happen to be a shellfish, or like to eat them — or if you depend on fisheries for your livelihood.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“You can see how this would permeate through the food chain,” said Feely. “From the lowest levels of the food chain up to the highest level. Organisms that mankind really worries about.” Not just salmon and shellfish, he said, but also seals, whales, seabirds and — eventually — us.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Feely is leading NOAA’s effort to study the effects of ocean acidification, including what’s happening to pteropods. Since 2007, NOAA has periodically sent ships doing ocean acidification research up and down the West Coast. The ships bristle with scientific equipment, and researchers pack on board to conduct various studies. There was a \u003ca href=\"http://oceanacidification.noaa.gov/WhatsNew/CruiseBlog.aspx\">research cruise last summer\u003c/a>; the next one is scheduled for 2016.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>The Chemistry of Corrosive Water\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Here’s what’s going on. Humans release a lot of carbon dioxide by burning fossil fuels. Most of that CO2 goes up into the atmosphere and traps heat. That’s what’s contributing to climate change. The rest, about one-quarter of all anthropogenic CO2, gets absorbed by the ocean instead.\u003c/p>\n\u003caside class=\"pullquote alignleft\">‘We can actually identify that this is manmade.’\u003c/aside>\n\u003cp>For a while, Feely explained, scientists thought that was a good thing. The thinking went, if the ocean absorbed all that carbon dioxide, then it was keeping climate change from being that much worse.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>They don’t think that any more.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“We’re beginning to see that this is a very serious problem,” he said. That’s because when the carbon dioxide goes into the ocean, it reacts with water to form carbonic acid (the stuff that gives mineral water its fizz).\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[contextly_sidebar id=”9cbdccd6169afce40db970551f29bf12″]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>That sets off a chain of chemical reactions. The end result is, the \u003ca href=\"http://www.pmel.noaa.gov/co2/story/What+is+Ocean+Acidification%3F\">pH of the oceans is changing\u003c/a>, and the supply of calcium carbonate minerals, the stuff that shellfish use to build their shells, is decreasing.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“We have been able to measure the change in the acidity of the oceans since the Pre-Industrial,” Feely said. “It would be about 26% because of the uptake of carbon dioxide. This is what mankind has done.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Since the Industrial Age began, he said, humans have dumped about 550 billion tons of carbon dioxide into the oceans. “And we can actually identify that this is manmade,” he said, because the carbon atoms have a unique fingerprint that shows they come from burning fossil fuels.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Why It’s Worse Here\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The reason ocean acidification is so bad here on the West Coast is, ironically, also why our coast is so rich with marine life: coastal upwelling.\u003c/p>\n\u003caside class=\"pullquote alignleft\">‘You’re asking the organisms to adapt to changes that are in many cases 10 to 100 times faster than anything they’ve seen in the geological past.’\u003c/aside>\n\u003cp>In the summer the wind shifts, Feely explained, and it pulls the water at the surface of the ocean away from shore. Then, water from deeper in the ocean rises up to replace it. That deep ocean water is full of stuff that decayed and sank. That means it’s full of nutrients. And it has more carbon dioxide.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“When you have the combined impact of CO2-rich water from the bottom and an additional anthropogenic CO2 from human kind, that combined impact is what has put us over the threshold for these corrosive waters to exist,” said Feely.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Past and Future Change\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Ocean acidification has happened before in Earth’s history, but Feely said changes on the scale happening now took place over hundreds of thousands or even millions of years. Not a couple of centuries.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“You’re asking the organisms to adapt to changes that are in many cases 10 to 100 times faster than anything they’ve seen in the geological past,” he said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>There are some small local solutions. Feely has helped oyster hatcheries monitor and prepare for more corrosive waters. And he says they could consider locating hatcheries near seagrass, which takes up carbon dioxide.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But for the vast oceans, Feely is focused now on monitoring, so he can see the changes as they take place.\u003c/p>\n\n",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/div>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_15424\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 640px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-full wp-image-15424\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2014/03/pteropod3.gif\" alt=\"In lab tests, acidic waters have dissolved the shells of pteropods when they're still alive. (Woods Hole Oceanic Institution)\" width=\"640\" height=\"360\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">In lab tests, acidic waters have dissolved the shells of pteropods when they’re still alive. (Woods Hole Oceanic Institution)\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Earlier this year, managers at a hatchery near Vancouver, Canada announced they had \u003ca href=\"http://blogs.vancouversun.com/2014/02/26/acidic-water-blamed-for-bcs-10-million-scallop-die-off/\">lost three years’ worth of scallops\u003c/a> — 10 million animals — to acidic ocean waters. They laid off staff and shut down a processing plant. This was \u003ca href=\"http://earthfix.kcts9.org/water/article/acid-water-take-toll-on-puget-sound-shellfish/\">not the first time\u003c/a> a West Coast shellfish hatchery lost stock to the phenomenon known as ocean acidification.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“This has been happening at the hatcheries,” said Richard Feely, a senior scientist at the \u003ca href=\"http://www.pmel.noaa.gov/co2/story/Ocean+Acidification\">National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration\u003c/a>. Feely studies the process by which carbon dioxide absorbed from the atmosphere gradually turns ocean waters more acidic.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“When these corrosive waters get into the hatcheries of our shell-forming shellfish species, for example oyster larvae on the Washington, Oregon coast, they can kill the oyster larvae within two days,” he said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Ocean acidification is worse off the West Coast than anywhere else in North America, and threatens animals up and down the food chain. Scientists are now studying how these corrosive waters are already affecting West Coast marine life.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_15419\" class=\"wp-caption alignleft\" style=\"max-width: 264px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\" wp-image-15419 \" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2014/03/FAirweather_2491_small-897x1024.jpg\" alt=\"The Fairweather is one of the research vessels NOAA uses for ocean acidification studies. (NOAA) \" width=\"264\" height=\"301\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">The Fairweather is one of the research vessels NOAA uses for ocean acidification studies. (NOAA)\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>For instance, corrosive waters also dissolve the shells of tiny marine snails called pteropods, a favorite food of some salmon species. The dissolution in some cases happens when the animal is still alive.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>This matters not just if you happen to be a shellfish, or like to eat them — or if you depend on fisheries for your livelihood.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“You can see how this would permeate through the food chain,” said Feely. “From the lowest levels of the food chain up to the highest level. Organisms that mankind really worries about.” Not just salmon and shellfish, he said, but also seals, whales, seabirds and — eventually — us.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Feely is leading NOAA’s effort to study the effects of ocean acidification, including what’s happening to pteropods. Since 2007, NOAA has periodically sent ships doing ocean acidification research up and down the West Coast. The ships bristle with scientific equipment, and researchers pack on board to conduct various studies. There was a \u003ca href=\"http://oceanacidification.noaa.gov/WhatsNew/CruiseBlog.aspx\">research cruise last summer\u003c/a>; the next one is scheduled for 2016.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>The Chemistry of Corrosive Water\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Here’s what’s going on. Humans release a lot of carbon dioxide by burning fossil fuels. Most of that CO2 goes up into the atmosphere and traps heat. That’s what’s contributing to climate change. The rest, about one-quarter of all anthropogenic CO2, gets absorbed by the ocean instead.\u003c/p>\n\u003caside class=\"pullquote alignleft\">‘We can actually identify that this is manmade.’\u003c/aside>\n\u003cp>For a while, Feely explained, scientists thought that was a good thing. The thinking went, if the ocean absorbed all that carbon dioxide, then it was keeping climate change from being that much worse.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>They don’t think that any more.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“We’re beginning to see that this is a very serious problem,” he said. That’s because when the carbon dioxide goes into the ocean, it reacts with water to form carbonic acid (the stuff that gives mineral water its fizz).\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>That sets off a chain of chemical reactions. The end result is, the \u003ca href=\"http://www.pmel.noaa.gov/co2/story/What+is+Ocean+Acidification%3F\">pH of the oceans is changing\u003c/a>, and the supply of calcium carbonate minerals, the stuff that shellfish use to build their shells, is decreasing.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“We have been able to measure the change in the acidity of the oceans since the Pre-Industrial,” Feely said. “It would be about 26% because of the uptake of carbon dioxide. This is what mankind has done.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Since the Industrial Age began, he said, humans have dumped about 550 billion tons of carbon dioxide into the oceans. “And we can actually identify that this is manmade,” he said, because the carbon atoms have a unique fingerprint that shows they come from burning fossil fuels.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Why It’s Worse Here\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The reason ocean acidification is so bad here on the West Coast is, ironically, also why our coast is so rich with marine life: coastal upwelling.\u003c/p>\n\u003caside class=\"pullquote alignleft\">‘You’re asking the organisms to adapt to changes that are in many cases 10 to 100 times faster than anything they’ve seen in the geological past.’\u003c/aside>\n\u003cp>In the summer the wind shifts, Feely explained, and it pulls the water at the surface of the ocean away from shore. Then, water from deeper in the ocean rises up to replace it. That deep ocean water is full of stuff that decayed and sank. That means it’s full of nutrients. And it has more carbon dioxide.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“When you have the combined impact of CO2-rich water from the bottom and an additional anthropogenic CO2 from human kind, that combined impact is what has put us over the threshold for these corrosive waters to exist,” said Feely.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Past and Future Change\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Ocean acidification has happened before in Earth’s history, but Feely said changes on the scale happening now took place over hundreds of thousands or even millions of years. Not a couple of centuries.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“You’re asking the organisms to adapt to changes that are in many cases 10 to 100 times faster than anything they’ve seen in the geological past,” he said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>There are some small local solutions. Feely has helped oyster hatcheries monitor and prepare for more corrosive waters. And he says they could consider locating hatcheries near seagrass, which takes up carbon dioxide.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But for the vast oceans, Feely is focused now on monitoring, so he can see the changes as they take place.\u003c/p>\n\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>",
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"content": "\u003cp>\u003ciframe loading=\"lazy\" src=\"//www.youtube.com/embed/-ai2OFY2wug?list=UU0FISFbEaHFc5ccrIgkZ3mg\" frameborder=\"0\" width=\"640\" height=\"360\">\u003c/iframe>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>You might not expect to find a herd of goats feasting among rail cars and a cement recycling plant in the Bayview, but for \u003ca href=\"http://citygrazing.com/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">City Grazing\u003c/a> it’s just another day on the ranch.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The San Francisco-based landscaping business rents out small herds of goats to clear overgrown yards and fields of unwanted brush and weeds. They position themselves as an eco-friendly alternative to herbicides and other chemicals. The goats are also quite adept at taking care of steep hillsides and other hard-to-reach spots.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Goats are awesome at eating blackberries, ivy, Scotch broom, any kinds of weeds or vegetation, overgrown bamboo,” says project manager Genevieve Church. “Whatever it is, goats are on top of it.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Last year, increased demand convinced the company it was time to grow the herd. They brought in a single buck to, ahem, \u003cem>take care of business\u003cbr>\n\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“He was a very happy animal for a few months,” Church says with a smile.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In total, 28 female goats gave birth to 49 kids. There was one set of triplets, eight single births and the rest were twins, says Church. Counting the new kids, City Grazing now has nearly 100 goats.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“We’ve had moms and babies out on a few locations already,” Church says. “Our busy season is just ramping up.”\u003c/p>\n\n",
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"content": "\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_15346\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 640px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-full wp-image-15346\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2014/03/deg00013.jpg\" alt=\"The 1906 earthquake (USGS)\" width=\"640\" height=\"360\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">A woman surveys earthquake damage following the 1906 San Francisco quake. (USGS)\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>This is not exactly a news flash for long-time Californians. But scientists are starting to put more numbers on the inevitability that we all live with.\u003cbr>\n[contextly_sidebar id=”75eb0649d1156d7ece36bc7630c70ad7″]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>David Schwartz, U.S. Geological Survey in Menlo Park, \u003ca title=\"Q-Forum - show\" href=\"http://www.kqed.org/a/forum/R201403120930\">told listeners to KQED’s Forum program\u003c/a> that there’s a 63 percent chance of a major quake on the San Andreas Fault sometime in the next 22 years.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Apparently that’s not enough to worry about, so Schwartz was joined on the program by \u003ca title=\"Am Scientist - bio\" href=\"https://www.americanscientist.org/authors/detail/john-dvorak\">John Dvorak\u003c/a>, author of “\u003ca title=\"Kirkus - review\" href=\"https://www.kirkusreviews.com/book-reviews/john-dvorak/earthquake-storms/\">Earthquake Storms: The Fascinating History and Volatile Future of the San Andreas Fault\u003c/a>.”\u003c/p>\n\u003caside class=\"pullquote alignleft\">‘Earthquakes are not random events.’\u003ccite>John Dvorak, Geologist\u003c/cite>\u003c/aside>\n\u003cp>“Earthquakes are not random events,” said Dvorak, a former USGS scientist. “Earthquakes are clustered in time and space.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>He said the 1906 San Francisco quake represented a break along the northern section of the San Andreas Fault. A middle section north of Los Angeles broke in 1857, “but that southern part, south of Palm Springs, that hasn’t broken since 1680,” he said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Contrary to the popular conception that a quake releases pressure along the fault, thus postponing the next temblor, Dvorak said the likelihood of a second quake rises with the first one. During any given three-day span, he said the odds of a magnitude 7 or larger quake are about 1:100,000 in California. But when a magnitude 7 earthquake occurs, he said the odds of another one at least as big in the next three days go to about 1-in-10.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“You don’t need to panic,” said Dvorak. “You just need to have a heightened awareness that the ground could shake again soon.” Schwartz agreed that we can look forward to a whole lotta shakin’ going on. “We’ve got a lot of earthquakes ahead of us.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>And behind us. Schwartz said that seismologists have a “pretty complete record” going back to about 1600 and that we’ve been enjoying an eerily quiet interval. The hundred years or so starting around 1680, “literally every fault in the Bay Area” produced large earthquakes, releasing “almost as much energy as the 1906 earthquake.” After that, Schwartz said things went relatively quiet until the “Big One” in April, 1906.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[contextly_sidebar id=”5878627d97357ce29aa9a7578c08516a”]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But Schwartz said the worst-case scenario for Northern California would be a major break along the East Bay’s \u003ca title=\"Wiki - Hayward Fault\" href=\"http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hayward_Fault_Zone\">Hayward Fault\u003c/a> or its neighbor to the north, the Rodgers Creek Fault. “There are two million people who fundamentally live right on top of it,” he said. “We’ve never had a major earthquake in the center of a modern U.S. city and we just really don’t know what’s going to happen.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Fracking Opponents Point to Seismic Risk\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Meanwhile, three groups that oppose fracking in California released \u003ca title=\"Shaky Ground - main\" href=\"http://www.shakyground.org/\">a report\u003c/a> warning that a boom in the practice would pose a serious seismic risk to “millions of Californians.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Fracking is shorthand for hydraulic fracturing, the technique that uses fluids under high pressure to loosen up oil and gas formations underground. Drilling companies also re-inject wastewater back into the ground, which has been shown to produce minor seismic activity.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The report appears to be largely a mapping exercise, which shows more than half of California’s “active and new” wastewater injection wells within 10 miles of faults that have been active within the last 200 years.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>None of the authors are seismologists. Patrick Sullivan, a spokesman for the Center for Biological Diversity, one of the three collaborating organizations, said that the authors consulted with seismologists at the University of California. He also cited recent reports of \u003ca title=\"USGS - release\" href=\"http://www.usgs.gov/newsroom/article.asp?ID=3710#.UyIc3s4QORU\">increased shaking in Oklahoma\u003c/a>, where scientists are “evaluating possible links” to oil and gas operations. Fracking has recently been suspected of triggering \u003ca title=\"NYT - post\" href=\"http://www.nytimes.com/2014/03/12/us/ohio-looks-at-whether-fracking-led-to-2-quakes.html?hpw&rref=science&_r=0\">tremors in Ohio.\u003c/a>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Tsunami Threat Varies\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Many have pondered why last Sunday’s \u003ca title=\"Times-Standard - post\" href=\"http://www.times-standard.com/breakingnews/ci_25312898/location-sundays-6-9-quake-reduced-impact-north\">6.7 quake off the Northern California coast\u003c/a> did not produce giant, devastating waves. Schwartz explained that tsunamis are produced by the displacement of the sea floor. “That requires sort of an up-and-down movement,” he told listeners. “This was a strike-slip fault, where the movement is lateral, side-to-side, so it really doesn’t affect the sea bottom.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Schwartz also said the temblor was relatively small for that area, citing five other events within 50 miles, bigger than magnitude 7, since about 1900. But he added that smaller events can trigger tsunamis if they cause underwater landslides.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Both Schwartz and Dvorak agreed on the need for an earthquake warning system in California, but advised not to look to your dog for guidance in the meantime. “There’s no scientific evidence that animals can sense earthquakes before they happen,” says Dvorak.\u003c/p>\n\n",
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"excerpt": "And some say that a fracking boom in California will raise the ante.",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_15346\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 640px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-full wp-image-15346\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2014/03/deg00013.jpg\" alt=\"The 1906 earthquake (USGS)\" width=\"640\" height=\"360\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">A woman surveys earthquake damage following the 1906 San Francisco quake. (USGS)\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>This is not exactly a news flash for long-time Californians. But scientists are starting to put more numbers on the inevitability that we all live with.\u003cbr>\n\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>David Schwartz, U.S. Geological Survey in Menlo Park, \u003ca title=\"Q-Forum - show\" href=\"http://www.kqed.org/a/forum/R201403120930\">told listeners to KQED’s Forum program\u003c/a> that there’s a 63 percent chance of a major quake on the San Andreas Fault sometime in the next 22 years.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Apparently that’s not enough to worry about, so Schwartz was joined on the program by \u003ca title=\"Am Scientist - bio\" href=\"https://www.americanscientist.org/authors/detail/john-dvorak\">John Dvorak\u003c/a>, author of “\u003ca title=\"Kirkus - review\" href=\"https://www.kirkusreviews.com/book-reviews/john-dvorak/earthquake-storms/\">Earthquake Storms: The Fascinating History and Volatile Future of the San Andreas Fault\u003c/a>.”\u003c/p>\n\u003caside class=\"pullquote alignleft\">‘Earthquakes are not random events.’\u003ccite>John Dvorak, Geologist\u003c/cite>\u003c/aside>\n\u003cp>“Earthquakes are not random events,” said Dvorak, a former USGS scientist. “Earthquakes are clustered in time and space.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>He said the 1906 San Francisco quake represented a break along the northern section of the San Andreas Fault. A middle section north of Los Angeles broke in 1857, “but that southern part, south of Palm Springs, that hasn’t broken since 1680,” he said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Contrary to the popular conception that a quake releases pressure along the fault, thus postponing the next temblor, Dvorak said the likelihood of a second quake rises with the first one. During any given three-day span, he said the odds of a magnitude 7 or larger quake are about 1:100,000 in California. But when a magnitude 7 earthquake occurs, he said the odds of another one at least as big in the next three days go to about 1-in-10.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“You don’t need to panic,” said Dvorak. “You just need to have a heightened awareness that the ground could shake again soon.” Schwartz agreed that we can look forward to a whole lotta shakin’ going on. “We’ve got a lot of earthquakes ahead of us.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>And behind us. Schwartz said that seismologists have a “pretty complete record” going back to about 1600 and that we’ve been enjoying an eerily quiet interval. The hundred years or so starting around 1680, “literally every fault in the Bay Area” produced large earthquakes, releasing “almost as much energy as the 1906 earthquake.” After that, Schwartz said things went relatively quiet until the “Big One” in April, 1906.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But Schwartz said the worst-case scenario for Northern California would be a major break along the East Bay’s \u003ca title=\"Wiki - Hayward Fault\" href=\"http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hayward_Fault_Zone\">Hayward Fault\u003c/a> or its neighbor to the north, the Rodgers Creek Fault. “There are two million people who fundamentally live right on top of it,” he said. “We’ve never had a major earthquake in the center of a modern U.S. city and we just really don’t know what’s going to happen.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Fracking Opponents Point to Seismic Risk\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Meanwhile, three groups that oppose fracking in California released \u003ca title=\"Shaky Ground - main\" href=\"http://www.shakyground.org/\">a report\u003c/a> warning that a boom in the practice would pose a serious seismic risk to “millions of Californians.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Fracking is shorthand for hydraulic fracturing, the technique that uses fluids under high pressure to loosen up oil and gas formations underground. Drilling companies also re-inject wastewater back into the ground, which has been shown to produce minor seismic activity.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The report appears to be largely a mapping exercise, which shows more than half of California’s “active and new” wastewater injection wells within 10 miles of faults that have been active within the last 200 years.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>None of the authors are seismologists. Patrick Sullivan, a spokesman for the Center for Biological Diversity, one of the three collaborating organizations, said that the authors consulted with seismologists at the University of California. He also cited recent reports of \u003ca title=\"USGS - release\" href=\"http://www.usgs.gov/newsroom/article.asp?ID=3710#.UyIc3s4QORU\">increased shaking in Oklahoma\u003c/a>, where scientists are “evaluating possible links” to oil and gas operations. Fracking has recently been suspected of triggering \u003ca title=\"NYT - post\" href=\"http://www.nytimes.com/2014/03/12/us/ohio-looks-at-whether-fracking-led-to-2-quakes.html?hpw&rref=science&_r=0\">tremors in Ohio.\u003c/a>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Tsunami Threat Varies\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Many have pondered why last Sunday’s \u003ca title=\"Times-Standard - post\" href=\"http://www.times-standard.com/breakingnews/ci_25312898/location-sundays-6-9-quake-reduced-impact-north\">6.7 quake off the Northern California coast\u003c/a> did not produce giant, devastating waves. Schwartz explained that tsunamis are produced by the displacement of the sea floor. “That requires sort of an up-and-down movement,” he told listeners. “This was a strike-slip fault, where the movement is lateral, side-to-side, so it really doesn’t affect the sea bottom.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Schwartz also said the temblor was relatively small for that area, citing five other events within 50 miles, bigger than magnitude 7, since about 1900. But he added that smaller events can trigger tsunamis if they cause underwater landslides.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Both Schwartz and Dvorak agreed on the need for an earthquake warning system in California, but advised not to look to your dog for guidance in the meantime. “There’s no scientific evidence that animals can sense earthquakes before they happen,” says Dvorak.\u003c/p>\n\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>",
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"disqusTitle": "News Pix: Mission Bay Fire, Fighting For Rare Redwood and Cat Cafe Debut",
"title": "News Pix: Mission Bay Fire, Fighting For Rare Redwood and Cat Cafe Debut",
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"content": "\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2014/03/missionbayfire.jpg\">\u003cimg class=\"aligncenter size-medium wp-image-129427\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2014/03/missionbayfire-640x450.jpg\" alt=\"missionbayfire\" width=\"640\" height=\"450\">\u003c/a>\u003cbr>\nA \u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/news/2014/03/11/4-alarm-fire-san-francisco/\" target=\"_blank\">five-alarm fire at Mission Bay\u003c/a> destroyed a 172-unit apartment building under construction on Tuesday, March 11. Arson investigators are still searching for the cause of the fire. The burnt building is located on the west side of Fourth Street between Mission Rock and China Basin streets. At the height of the fire Tuesday evening, half of the roughly 320 firefighters on duty in the city were fighting the blaze. (Mark Andrew Boyer/KQED)\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2014/03/missionbayfire2.jpg\">\u003cimg class=\"aligncenter size-medium wp-image-129434\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2014/03/missionbayfire2-449x640.jpg\" alt=\"missionbayfire2\" width=\"449\" height=\"640\">\u003c/a>\u003cbr>\nThe Fire Department reports \u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/news/2014/03/11/4-alarm-fire-san-francisco/\" target=\"_blank\">two injuries in the blaze\u003c/a>: a firefighter, one of the first on the scene, who suffered first- and second-degree burns to the face and hands, and a battalion chief who sprained an ankle. A 190-unit apartment building directly across Fourth Street from the fire remained evacuated Wednesday morning. Searing heat from the fire blew out windows in 30 units facing the blaze, triggering sprinklers. (Charla Bear/KQED)\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2014/03/CCSFskirmish2.jpg\">\u003cimg class=\"aligncenter size-medium wp-image-129428\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2014/03/CCSFskirmish2-640x450.jpg\" alt=\"CCSFskirmish2\" width=\"640\" height=\"450\">\u003c/a>\u003cbr>\nAbout 200 students and teachers with the Save CCSF Coalition rallied Thursday, March 13, at the Community College of San Francisco main campus \u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/news/2014/03/13/ccsf-protest-violent\" target=\"_blank\">demanding the resignation of Special Trustee Robert Agrella\u003c/a>, the reinstatement of City College’s elected board of trustees, and an end to a new payment policy requiring class fees to be paid upfront, at the beginning of the semester. The protest turned violent when students tried to enter the building, resulting in two arrests. (Alex Emslie/KQED)\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2014/03/CCSFskirmish.jpg\">\u003cimg class=\"aligncenter size-medium wp-image-129429\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2014/03/CCSFskirmish-640x450.jpg\" alt=\"CCSFskirmish\" width=\"640\" height=\"450\">\u003c/a>\u003cbr>\nCity College student Otto Pippenger was detained by San Francisco Police Department officers outside an administration building. \u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/news/2014/03/13/ccsf-protest-violent\" target=\"_blank\">Students and teachers protesting\u003c/a> decisions by Special Trustee Robert Agrella were stopped by campus and San Francisco police from entering the college's administration building on Thursday, March 13. (Alex Emslie/KQED)\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2014/03/CotatiRedwood.jpg\">\u003cimg class=\"aligncenter size-medium wp-image-129430\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2014/03/CotatiRedwood-640x450.jpg\" alt=\"CotatiRedwood\" width=\"640\" height=\"450\">\u003c/a>\u003cbr>\nSonoma-Marin Area Rail Transit announced Thursday, March 13 that it's delaying its planned removal of a \u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/news/2014/03/14/rare-redwood-threatened-with-removal-in-cotati/\" target=\"_blank\">super-rare chimera albino coast redwood in Cotati\u003c/a>, pending additional expert analysis of the tree and study of alternatives to destroying it. The tree is located within the railroad right-of-way at East Cotati Avenue. The redwood in question is extraordinarily unusual on two accounts: It’s both albino and a chimera. The albino part of that description means, among other things, that its needles lack chlorophyll to give them their typical green appearance. Local historians and arborists have been raising awareness of the local treasure. (Mark Andrew Boyer/KQED)\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2014/03/wind2.jpg\">\u003cimg class=\"aligncenter size-medium wp-image-129432\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2014/03/wind2-640x450.jpg\" alt=\"wind2\" width=\"640\" height=\"450\">\u003c/a>\u003cbr>\n\u003ca href=\"http://www.berkeleyside.com/2014/03/11/high-winds-in-berkeley-loose-limbs-wires/\" target=\"_blank\">High winds in Berkeley\u003c/a> created hazardous situations into the night Tuesday, March 11. Power lines in various locations were reported to be blowing around, with at least one down altogether. (Pete Rosos/\u003ca href=\"http://www.berkeleyside.com/\" target=\"_blank\">Berkeleyside\u003c/a>)\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2014/03/catecafe2.jpg\">\u003cimg class=\"aligncenter size-medium wp-image-129431\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2014/03/catecafe2-640x450.jpg\" alt=\"catecafe2\" width=\"640\" height=\"450\">\u003c/a>\u003cbr>\nAfter more than a decade of success in Asian countries, particularly Japan, the adorable phenomenon of \u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/news/2014/03/11/cat-cafes-san-francisco-oakland/\" target=\"_blank\">cat cafes\u003c/a>, where patrons can enjoy coffee and a snack while watching frolicking kittens, is finally coming to the United States. The Bay Area's first cat cafe is likely to be either Oakland’s Cat Town Cafe or San Francisco’s KitTea — both of which are closing in on locations and should open by the end of the year, according to their organizers. Both are affiliated with rescue organizations, and both have used crowd funding to cover a substantial part of their startup costs. (Courtesy of: Adam Myatt)\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2014/03/goats.jpg\">\u003cimg class=\"aligncenter size-medium wp-image-129448\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2014/03/goats-640x449.jpg\" alt=\"goats\" width=\"640\" height=\"449\">\u003c/a>\u003cbr>\nSan Francisco company City Grazing has goats for hire that will come and clear unwanted brush and plant life from backyards and public spaces. The herd recently grew with the birth of 49 kids. The company now keeps about 100 goats at a rail yard in Bayview. This Sunday, City Grazing is welcoming the public to visit the baby goats from 12-4 p.m. at 100 Cargo Way. (Olivia Allen-Price/KQED)\u003c/p>\n\n",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2014/03/missionbayfire.jpg\">\u003cimg class=\"aligncenter size-medium wp-image-129427\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2014/03/missionbayfire-640x450.jpg\" alt=\"missionbayfire\" width=\"640\" height=\"450\">\u003c/a>\u003cbr>\nA \u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/news/2014/03/11/4-alarm-fire-san-francisco/\" target=\"_blank\">five-alarm fire at Mission Bay\u003c/a> destroyed a 172-unit apartment building under construction on Tuesday, March 11. Arson investigators are still searching for the cause of the fire. The burnt building is located on the west side of Fourth Street between Mission Rock and China Basin streets. At the height of the fire Tuesday evening, half of the roughly 320 firefighters on duty in the city were fighting the blaze. (Mark Andrew Boyer/KQED)\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2014/03/missionbayfire2.jpg\">\u003cimg class=\"aligncenter size-medium wp-image-129434\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2014/03/missionbayfire2-449x640.jpg\" alt=\"missionbayfire2\" width=\"449\" height=\"640\">\u003c/a>\u003cbr>\nThe Fire Department reports \u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/news/2014/03/11/4-alarm-fire-san-francisco/\" target=\"_blank\">two injuries in the blaze\u003c/a>: a firefighter, one of the first on the scene, who suffered first- and second-degree burns to the face and hands, and a battalion chief who sprained an ankle. A 190-unit apartment building directly across Fourth Street from the fire remained evacuated Wednesday morning. Searing heat from the fire blew out windows in 30 units facing the blaze, triggering sprinklers. (Charla Bear/KQED)\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2014/03/CCSFskirmish2.jpg\">\u003cimg class=\"aligncenter size-medium wp-image-129428\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2014/03/CCSFskirmish2-640x450.jpg\" alt=\"CCSFskirmish2\" width=\"640\" height=\"450\">\u003c/a>\u003cbr>\nAbout 200 students and teachers with the Save CCSF Coalition rallied Thursday, March 13, at the Community College of San Francisco main campus \u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/news/2014/03/13/ccsf-protest-violent\" target=\"_blank\">demanding the resignation of Special Trustee Robert Agrella\u003c/a>, the reinstatement of City College’s elected board of trustees, and an end to a new payment policy requiring class fees to be paid upfront, at the beginning of the semester. The protest turned violent when students tried to enter the building, resulting in two arrests. (Alex Emslie/KQED)\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2014/03/CCSFskirmish.jpg\">\u003cimg class=\"aligncenter size-medium wp-image-129429\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2014/03/CCSFskirmish-640x450.jpg\" alt=\"CCSFskirmish\" width=\"640\" height=\"450\">\u003c/a>\u003cbr>\nCity College student Otto Pippenger was detained by San Francisco Police Department officers outside an administration building. \u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/news/2014/03/13/ccsf-protest-violent\" target=\"_blank\">Students and teachers protesting\u003c/a> decisions by Special Trustee Robert Agrella were stopped by campus and San Francisco police from entering the college's administration building on Thursday, March 13. (Alex Emslie/KQED)\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2014/03/CotatiRedwood.jpg\">\u003cimg class=\"aligncenter size-medium wp-image-129430\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2014/03/CotatiRedwood-640x450.jpg\" alt=\"CotatiRedwood\" width=\"640\" height=\"450\">\u003c/a>\u003cbr>\nSonoma-Marin Area Rail Transit announced Thursday, March 13 that it's delaying its planned removal of a \u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/news/2014/03/14/rare-redwood-threatened-with-removal-in-cotati/\" target=\"_blank\">super-rare chimera albino coast redwood in Cotati\u003c/a>, pending additional expert analysis of the tree and study of alternatives to destroying it. The tree is located within the railroad right-of-way at East Cotati Avenue. The redwood in question is extraordinarily unusual on two accounts: It’s both albino and a chimera. The albino part of that description means, among other things, that its needles lack chlorophyll to give them their typical green appearance. Local historians and arborists have been raising awareness of the local treasure. (Mark Andrew Boyer/KQED)\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2014/03/wind2.jpg\">\u003cimg class=\"aligncenter size-medium wp-image-129432\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2014/03/wind2-640x450.jpg\" alt=\"wind2\" width=\"640\" height=\"450\">\u003c/a>\u003cbr>\n\u003ca href=\"http://www.berkeleyside.com/2014/03/11/high-winds-in-berkeley-loose-limbs-wires/\" target=\"_blank\">High winds in Berkeley\u003c/a> created hazardous situations into the night Tuesday, March 11. Power lines in various locations were reported to be blowing around, with at least one down altogether. (Pete Rosos/\u003ca href=\"http://www.berkeleyside.com/\" target=\"_blank\">Berkeleyside\u003c/a>)\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2014/03/catecafe2.jpg\">\u003cimg class=\"aligncenter size-medium wp-image-129431\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2014/03/catecafe2-640x450.jpg\" alt=\"catecafe2\" width=\"640\" height=\"450\">\u003c/a>\u003cbr>\nAfter more than a decade of success in Asian countries, particularly Japan, the adorable phenomenon of \u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/news/2014/03/11/cat-cafes-san-francisco-oakland/\" target=\"_blank\">cat cafes\u003c/a>, where patrons can enjoy coffee and a snack while watching frolicking kittens, is finally coming to the United States. The Bay Area's first cat cafe is likely to be either Oakland’s Cat Town Cafe or San Francisco’s KitTea — both of which are closing in on locations and should open by the end of the year, according to their organizers. Both are affiliated with rescue organizations, and both have used crowd funding to cover a substantial part of their startup costs. (Courtesy of: Adam Myatt)\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2014/03/goats.jpg\">\u003cimg class=\"aligncenter size-medium wp-image-129448\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2014/03/goats-640x449.jpg\" alt=\"goats\" width=\"640\" height=\"449\">\u003c/a>\u003cbr>\nSan Francisco company City Grazing has goats for hire that will come and clear unwanted brush and plant life from backyards and public spaces. The herd recently grew with the birth of 49 kids. The company now keeps about 100 goats at a rail yard in Bayview. This Sunday, City Grazing is welcoming the public to visit the baby goats from 12-4 p.m. at 100 Cargo Way. (Olivia Allen-Price/KQED)\u003c/p>\n\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>",
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"slug": "rare-redwood-threatened-with-removal-in-cotati",
"title": "Super-Rare Sonoma Redwood Spared by Rail Agency, for Now",
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"headTitle": "Super-Rare Sonoma Redwood Spared by Rail Agency, for Now | KQED",
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"content": "\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_129150\" class=\"wp-caption alignnone\" style=\"max-width: 640px\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2014/03/IMG_0864-copy2.jpg\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-medium wp-image-129150\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2014/03/IMG_0864-copy2-640x426.jpg\" alt=\"Louise Santero stands under a rare albino chimera redwood tree near her home in Cotati. The tree is threatened with removal. (Mark Andrew Boyer/KQED)\" width=\"640\" height=\"426\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Louise Santero stands under a rare albino chimera redwood tree near her home in Cotati. The tree has been threatened with removal. (Mark Andrew Boyer/KQED)\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Sonoma Marin Area Rail Transit announced Thursday that it’s delaying its planned removal of a super-rare chimera albino coast redwood in Cotati, pending additional expert analysis of the tree and study of alternatives to destroying it.[contextly_sidebar id=”cd48e01206e26a0a44a832a3420f86dd”]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The tree is located within the railroad right-of-way at East Cotati Avenue. The redwood in question is extraordinarily unusual on two accounts: it’s both albino and a chimera. The albino part of that description means, among other things, that its needles lack chlorophyll to give them their typical green appearance.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In a story the other day, the Santa Rosa Press Democrat \u003ca href=\"http://www.pressdemocrat.com/article/20140311/articles/140319901#page=0\">did a nice job explaining what the “chimera” part of the tree’s physical makeup means:\u003c/a>\u003c/p>\n\u003cblockquote>\u003cp>The tree is a scientific treasure, said Zane Moore, a botany student at Colorado State University and a widely known researcher in chlorophyll-deficient, or albino, redwoods. … Cotati’s tree isn’t just an albino, but a chimera — a phenomenon seen in only a handful of naturally occurring redwoods in the world.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“A chimera means the plant has two genotypes, two sets of DNA growing in one plant,” Moore explained. “This tree is one of very few known chimeric redwoods in the world, and there is only one chimeric redwood known to exhibit the same style of albinism.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The other is a 5-foot-tall immature bush with fewer than five albino shoots, which is of limited scientific use at this point, he said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In Cotati’s mature tree, green and white needles appear on the same limb, similar to a candy cane’s alternating red and white stripes, Stapleton said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>To the untrained eye, the needles near its top appear oddly yellow, as if it may be unhealthy. Upon closer inspection, the limbs show one of the rarest genetic abnormalities in science: the dual-DNA variegation of green and white needles on the same stem.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>It is the world’s largest and tallest chimera, at 52 feet.\u003c/p>\u003c/blockquote>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_129199\" class=\"wp-caption alignnone\" style=\"max-width: 640px\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2014/03/IMG_0731-copy-3.jpg\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-medium wp-image-129199\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2014/03/IMG_0731-copy-3-640x426.jpg\" alt=\"Carol Silver, who works nearby, said she saw workers marking the tree around lunchtime on Wednesday. (Mark Andrew Boyer/KQED)\" width=\"640\" height=\"426\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Carol Silver, who works nearby, said she saw workers marking the tree for removal around lunchtime on Wednesday. (Mark Andrew Boyer/KQED)\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Louise Santero has lived in Cotati for 70 years, and the redwood tree sits just down the street from her home. She says needles change color throughout the year: “They’re deeper green during the spring, and then when winter time comes, that’s when it changes.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Santero estimates that the tree is 67 or 68 years old. Her former neighbor, Pete Tapian, planted the tree, but its exact provenance is unknown. “Where he got it, we have no idea,” she said. “His family doesn’t know either. The girls would say that at nighttime, their dad would go out and cover the tree so it would be protected.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_129197\" class=\"wp-caption alignnone\" style=\"max-width: 640px\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2014/03/IMG_0793-copy-3.jpg\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-medium wp-image-129197\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2014/03/IMG_0793-copy-3-640x426.jpg\" alt=\"Carol Silver, Louise Santero and Mike Bacciocco stand under an albino chimera redwood tree in Cotati (Mark Andrew Boyer/KQED)\" width=\"640\" height=\"426\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Carol Silver, Louise Santero and Mike Bacciocco stand under the albino chimera redwood tree in Cotati (Mark Andrew Boyer/KQED)\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Santero and other residents say removing the tree is unnecessary, but up until Thursday SMART officials said they had to comply with federal safety requirements.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>One set of rail tracks currently runs past the tree, but a second track will soon be added, putting the tree in a dangerous place. Earlier this week, a SMART spokesperson said the transit agency had tried to shift the alignment of its new tracks as far east as possible, but that still wouldn’t leave enough clearance for the tree to stay.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>SMART also looked at pruning the tree back, but that would have meant removing all of the branches on one side of the tree, and it still would have been within falling distance of the tracks, making it a safety hazard.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_129195\" class=\"wp-caption alignnone\" style=\"max-width: 640px\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2014/03/IMG_0942-copy-2.jpg\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-medium wp-image-129195\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2014/03/IMG_0942-copy-2-640x426.jpg\" alt=\"Because of the albinism, the tree has a mix of green and yellowish-white needles (Mark Andrew Boyer/KQED)\" width=\"640\" height=\"426\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Because of the albinism, the tree has a mix of green and yellowish-white needles (Mark Andrew Boyer/KQED)\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>SMART officials have suggested taking more than 1,000 cuttings from the tree and giving them to a private nursery to be propagated. Arborist Tom Stapleton, who strongly opposes cutting down the tree or moving it, says SMART’s propagation plan is flawed.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Because you have both genotypes living on the same plant material, if you don’t find the right particular branch that has the particular kind of chimerism, it will not be stable,” Stapleton said. Over time, he predicts that the normal green genotype would overpower the albinism, and the resulting tree would look like a normal redwood.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_129191\" class=\"wp-caption alignnone\" style=\"max-width: 640px\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2014/03/IMG_0917-copy-2.jpg\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-medium wp-image-129191\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2014/03/IMG_0917-copy-2-640x426.jpg\" alt=\"The Sonoma-Marin Area Rail Transit is planning to remove a rare albino redwood to make way for new commuter rail line (Mark Andrew Boyer/KQED)\" width=\"640\" height=\"426\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">(Mark Andrew Boyer/KQED)\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Thursday’s announcement from SMART’s General Manager Farhad Mansourian sounds like a delay more than a reprieve:\u003c/p>\n\u003cblockquote>\u003cp>“SMART is a local project. We are building something that will be part of the community. There is no question that we have to comply with safety requirements, and within that we have and will continue to take extreme care with the environmental elements of the project. Therefore, although we have been very proactive in doing due diligence, I have halted the process to take the time to bring in additional independent experts to examine and verify the analysis that was performed in September 2012 , as part of our environmental permitting, for this specific tree.”\u003c/p>\u003c/blockquote>\n\n",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_129150\" class=\"wp-caption alignnone\" style=\"max-width: 640px\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2014/03/IMG_0864-copy2.jpg\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-medium wp-image-129150\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2014/03/IMG_0864-copy2-640x426.jpg\" alt=\"Louise Santero stands under a rare albino chimera redwood tree near her home in Cotati. The tree is threatened with removal. (Mark Andrew Boyer/KQED)\" width=\"640\" height=\"426\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Louise Santero stands under a rare albino chimera redwood tree near her home in Cotati. The tree has been threatened with removal. (Mark Andrew Boyer/KQED)\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Sonoma Marin Area Rail Transit announced Thursday that it’s delaying its planned removal of a super-rare chimera albino coast redwood in Cotati, pending additional expert analysis of the tree and study of alternatives to destroying it.\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The tree is located within the railroad right-of-way at East Cotati Avenue. The redwood in question is extraordinarily unusual on two accounts: it’s both albino and a chimera. The albino part of that description means, among other things, that its needles lack chlorophyll to give them their typical green appearance.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In a story the other day, the Santa Rosa Press Democrat \u003ca href=\"http://www.pressdemocrat.com/article/20140311/articles/140319901#page=0\">did a nice job explaining what the “chimera” part of the tree’s physical makeup means:\u003c/a>\u003c/p>\n\u003cblockquote>\u003cp>The tree is a scientific treasure, said Zane Moore, a botany student at Colorado State University and a widely known researcher in chlorophyll-deficient, or albino, redwoods. … Cotati’s tree isn’t just an albino, but a chimera — a phenomenon seen in only a handful of naturally occurring redwoods in the world.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“A chimera means the plant has two genotypes, two sets of DNA growing in one plant,” Moore explained. “This tree is one of very few known chimeric redwoods in the world, and there is only one chimeric redwood known to exhibit the same style of albinism.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The other is a 5-foot-tall immature bush with fewer than five albino shoots, which is of limited scientific use at this point, he said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In Cotati’s mature tree, green and white needles appear on the same limb, similar to a candy cane’s alternating red and white stripes, Stapleton said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>To the untrained eye, the needles near its top appear oddly yellow, as if it may be unhealthy. Upon closer inspection, the limbs show one of the rarest genetic abnormalities in science: the dual-DNA variegation of green and white needles on the same stem.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>It is the world’s largest and tallest chimera, at 52 feet.\u003c/p>\u003c/blockquote>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_129199\" class=\"wp-caption alignnone\" style=\"max-width: 640px\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2014/03/IMG_0731-copy-3.jpg\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-medium wp-image-129199\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2014/03/IMG_0731-copy-3-640x426.jpg\" alt=\"Carol Silver, who works nearby, said she saw workers marking the tree around lunchtime on Wednesday. (Mark Andrew Boyer/KQED)\" width=\"640\" height=\"426\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Carol Silver, who works nearby, said she saw workers marking the tree for removal around lunchtime on Wednesday. (Mark Andrew Boyer/KQED)\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Louise Santero has lived in Cotati for 70 years, and the redwood tree sits just down the street from her home. She says needles change color throughout the year: “They’re deeper green during the spring, and then when winter time comes, that’s when it changes.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Santero estimates that the tree is 67 or 68 years old. Her former neighbor, Pete Tapian, planted the tree, but its exact provenance is unknown. “Where he got it, we have no idea,” she said. “His family doesn’t know either. The girls would say that at nighttime, their dad would go out and cover the tree so it would be protected.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_129197\" class=\"wp-caption alignnone\" style=\"max-width: 640px\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2014/03/IMG_0793-copy-3.jpg\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-medium wp-image-129197\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2014/03/IMG_0793-copy-3-640x426.jpg\" alt=\"Carol Silver, Louise Santero and Mike Bacciocco stand under an albino chimera redwood tree in Cotati (Mark Andrew Boyer/KQED)\" width=\"640\" height=\"426\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Carol Silver, Louise Santero and Mike Bacciocco stand under the albino chimera redwood tree in Cotati (Mark Andrew Boyer/KQED)\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Santero and other residents say removing the tree is unnecessary, but up until Thursday SMART officials said they had to comply with federal safety requirements.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>One set of rail tracks currently runs past the tree, but a second track will soon be added, putting the tree in a dangerous place. Earlier this week, a SMART spokesperson said the transit agency had tried to shift the alignment of its new tracks as far east as possible, but that still wouldn’t leave enough clearance for the tree to stay.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>SMART also looked at pruning the tree back, but that would have meant removing all of the branches on one side of the tree, and it still would have been within falling distance of the tracks, making it a safety hazard.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_129195\" class=\"wp-caption alignnone\" style=\"max-width: 640px\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2014/03/IMG_0942-copy-2.jpg\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-medium wp-image-129195\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2014/03/IMG_0942-copy-2-640x426.jpg\" alt=\"Because of the albinism, the tree has a mix of green and yellowish-white needles (Mark Andrew Boyer/KQED)\" width=\"640\" height=\"426\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Because of the albinism, the tree has a mix of green and yellowish-white needles (Mark Andrew Boyer/KQED)\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>SMART officials have suggested taking more than 1,000 cuttings from the tree and giving them to a private nursery to be propagated. Arborist Tom Stapleton, who strongly opposes cutting down the tree or moving it, says SMART’s propagation plan is flawed.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Because you have both genotypes living on the same plant material, if you don’t find the right particular branch that has the particular kind of chimerism, it will not be stable,” Stapleton said. Over time, he predicts that the normal green genotype would overpower the albinism, and the resulting tree would look like a normal redwood.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_129191\" class=\"wp-caption alignnone\" style=\"max-width: 640px\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2014/03/IMG_0917-copy-2.jpg\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-medium wp-image-129191\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2014/03/IMG_0917-copy-2-640x426.jpg\" alt=\"The Sonoma-Marin Area Rail Transit is planning to remove a rare albino redwood to make way for new commuter rail line (Mark Andrew Boyer/KQED)\" width=\"640\" height=\"426\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">(Mark Andrew Boyer/KQED)\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Thursday’s announcement from SMART’s General Manager Farhad Mansourian sounds like a delay more than a reprieve:\u003c/p>\n\u003cblockquote>\u003cp>“SMART is a local project. We are building something that will be part of the community. There is no question that we have to comply with safety requirements, and within that we have and will continue to take extreme care with the environmental elements of the project. Therefore, although we have been very proactive in doing due diligence, I have halted the process to take the time to bring in additional independent experts to examine and verify the analysis that was performed in September 2012 , as part of our environmental permitting, for this specific tree.”\u003c/p>\u003c/blockquote>\n\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>",
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"disqusTitle": "East Bay Water District Eyes Emergency Supply From Sacramento River",
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"content": "\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_129093\" class=\"wp-caption alignnone\" style=\"max-width: 640px\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2014/03/EBMUD-photo-Freeport-2.jpg\">\u003cimg class=\"size-medium wp-image-129093\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2014/03/EBMUD-photo-Freeport-2-640x426.jpg\" alt=\"The Freeport water intake facility on the Sacramento River (East Bay Municipal Utility District)\" width=\"640\" height=\"426\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">The Freeport water intake facility on the Sacramento River. (East Bay Municipal Utility District)\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>With the reality that rainfall and the Sierra Nevada snowpack will be far short of normal this year, the East Bay's largest water district is getting ready to tap an emergency water source that it took decades of legal battles and engineering work to secure.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The East Bay Municipal Utility District, which serves 1.3 million customers in Alameda and Contra Costa counties, will decide next month whether to switch on a pumping plant on the Sacramento River to supplement supplies it gets from its big Mokelumne River reservoirs.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>It would mark the first time EBMUD has used a supply of water it first arranged to purchase from the U.S. Bureau of Reclamation in 1970. The agreement would have allowed the district to pump as much as 150,000 acre-feet of emergency water from the American River east of Sacramento. After decades of environmental litigation, the district became partners with the Sacramento County Water Agency in a $900 million project that looks much different from the original plan.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The two agencies jointly built a pumping plant on the Sacramento River in Freeport, just south of the capital city. The plant, opened in 2011, allows EBMUD to ship water from the Sacramento through a series of canals to its Mokelumne Aqueduct, which serves the East Bay. Under its contract with the Bureau of Reclamation, EBMUD can draw on the Sacramento River supply only during dry years.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"EBMUD wouldn't access that water at all unless it was a situation like this, which is a drought year,\" EBMUD spokeswoman Andrea Pook says. The district will decide whether to request the emergency water next month, she says, after the spring and summer runoff forecast is clearer.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>EBMUD's reservoirs are at \u003ca href=\"http://www.ebmud.com/water-and-wastewater/water-supply/daily-water-supply-report\" target=\"_blank\">63 percent of capacity\u003c/a>, even after a series of February storms. Camanche Reservoir, the district's largest storage facility, is less than half full.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>So far, the district has asked customers for a voluntary, and relatively modest, 10 percent reduction in water use. Several other districts are calling for deeper cuts. The Santa Clara Valley Water District has asked consumers to reduce use by 20 percent. The Marin Municipal Water District has requested a 25 percent voluntary reduction.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"The district may decide that additional conservation would be enough,\" Pook says. \"It could say that we do need that water from the Sacramento River. It could be a combination.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Just how much water EBMUD can get from the Sacramento will depend on how much state and federal officials decide can be diverted from the river, which is experiencing very low flows because of the drought.\u003c/p>\n\n",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>EBMUD's reservoirs are at \u003ca href=\"http://www.ebmud.com/water-and-wastewater/water-supply/daily-water-supply-report\" target=\"_blank\">63 percent of capacity\u003c/a>, even after a series of February storms. Camanche Reservoir, the district's largest storage facility, is less than half full.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>So far, the district has asked customers for a voluntary, and relatively modest, 10 percent reduction in water use. Several other districts are calling for deeper cuts. The Santa Clara Valley Water District has asked consumers to reduce use by 20 percent. The Marin Municipal Water District has requested a 25 percent voluntary reduction.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"The district may decide that additional conservation would be enough,\" Pook says. \"It could say that we do need that water from the Sacramento River. It could be a combination.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Just how much water EBMUD can get from the Sacramento will depend on how much state and federal officials decide can be diverted from the river, which is experiencing very low flows because of the drought.\u003c/p>\n\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>",
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"content": "\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_15198\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 640px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-full wp-image-15198\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2014/03/waterfaucet.jpg\" alt=\"Homes and businesses that pay a flat rate for their water use more of it, per capita. (NVJ/Flickr) http://www.flickr.com/photos/natej/3273769256/\" width=\"640\" height=\"360\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Homes and businesses that pay a flat rate for their water use more of it per capita. (NVJ/\u003ca href=\"http://www.flickr.com/photos/natej/3273769256/\">Flickr\u003c/a>)\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>By Mina Kim and Molly Samuel\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>For generations, water meters have been an important tool for measuring how much water we use in California, and the drought has intensified the significance of that measurement. But in 42 communities, homeowners and businesses don’t have water meters installed. That adds up to more than 255,000 customers who pay a flat rate for their water.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Paul Rogers, the environment reporter at the San Jose Mercury News and managing editor of KQED Science, found that the flat-fee customers use more water, as he wrote in the \u003ca href=\"http://www.mercurynews.com/science/ci_25303957/california-drought-more-than-255-000-homes-and\">Mercury News\u003c/a>:\u003c/p>\n\u003cblockquote>\u003cp>People without meters are charged a flat monthly rate in those areas for water, usually between $20 and $35 a month. And those communities use 39 percent more water per capita than the state average, according to an analysis of state Department of Water Resources records by this newspaper.\u003c/p>\u003c/blockquote>\n\u003cp>“The city with the most unmetered connections is Sacramento,” Rogers told KQED’s Mina Kim. “Only half of Sacramento’s connections have meters on them.” Bakersfield, Modesto, Lodi and Merced also have a significant number of unmetered connections. The first water meters began going in around World War I, so the communities with fewer meters lag far behind the rest of the state.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[contextly_sidebar id=”b87cc019aec1afdf9a9ed4fca2086a5c”]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Most of the big cities in California, including San Francisco, San Jose, Oakland, Los Angeles have all had meters on all their water connections since at least the 1940s,” Rogers said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Part of the reason, he explained, is poverty. Farm towns like Hanford, Shafter and Corcoran in the Central Valley haven’t had the money to put in meters. But that’s not the case everywhere.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“The big cities, some of this is ideological. Over the years they have fought attempts to put in meters,” he said. “Some people worried it would increase their bills. Other people, particularly in the Central Valley, were worried that if they saved water, more of it would go south to Los Angeles.”\u003c/p>\n\u003caside class=\"pullquote alignleft\">‘It would be like going to the gas station and just paying $10 or $20, no matter how much gasoline you bought.’\u003c/aside>\n\u003cp>In places where meters have gone in, water use has dropped. “Fresno finished putting in water meters last year and their daily water use per capita was 313 per person in 2012, and now it’s 245 gallons per person,” said Rogers.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“If you use more, you pay more, and that’s something that is a really important incentive,” he said. “It would be like going to the gas station and just paying $10 or $20, no matter how much gasoline you bought, whether you’re driving a gas-sipping economy car or a Hummer.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>All homes and business in California are required to have water meters by 2025, according to a law signed by Gov. Arnold Schwarzenegger. But, Rogers adds, there are other types of water users in California that don’t have meters and don’t fall under that law, including farms and individual units in apartment buildings.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>Hear an edited version of their conversation, including an explanation of how Rogers figured out water use in places without water meters. \u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c!-- iframe plugin v.4.3 wordpress.org/plugins/iframe/ -->\u003cbr>\n\u003ciframe loading=\"lazy\" src=\"https://w.soundcloud.com/player/?url=https%3A//api.soundcloud.com/tracks/138945397&color=ff5500&auto_play=false&hide_related=false&show_artwork=true\" frameborder=\"no\" scrolling=\"no\" width=\"100%\" height=\"166\" class=\"iframe-class\">\u003c/iframe>\u003c/p>\n\n",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_15198\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 640px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-full wp-image-15198\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2014/03/waterfaucet.jpg\" alt=\"Homes and businesses that pay a flat rate for their water use more of it, per capita. (NVJ/Flickr) http://www.flickr.com/photos/natej/3273769256/\" width=\"640\" height=\"360\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Homes and businesses that pay a flat rate for their water use more of it per capita. (NVJ/\u003ca href=\"http://www.flickr.com/photos/natej/3273769256/\">Flickr\u003c/a>)\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>By Mina Kim and Molly Samuel\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>For generations, water meters have been an important tool for measuring how much water we use in California, and the drought has intensified the significance of that measurement. But in 42 communities, homeowners and businesses don’t have water meters installed. That adds up to more than 255,000 customers who pay a flat rate for their water.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Paul Rogers, the environment reporter at the San Jose Mercury News and managing editor of KQED Science, found that the flat-fee customers use more water, as he wrote in the \u003ca href=\"http://www.mercurynews.com/science/ci_25303957/california-drought-more-than-255-000-homes-and\">Mercury News\u003c/a>:\u003c/p>\n\u003cblockquote>\u003cp>People without meters are charged a flat monthly rate in those areas for water, usually between $20 and $35 a month. And those communities use 39 percent more water per capita than the state average, according to an analysis of state Department of Water Resources records by this newspaper.\u003c/p>\u003c/blockquote>\n\u003cp>“The city with the most unmetered connections is Sacramento,” Rogers told KQED’s Mina Kim. “Only half of Sacramento’s connections have meters on them.” Bakersfield, Modesto, Lodi and Merced also have a significant number of unmetered connections. The first water meters began going in around World War I, so the communities with fewer meters lag far behind the rest of the state.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Most of the big cities in California, including San Francisco, San Jose, Oakland, Los Angeles have all had meters on all their water connections since at least the 1940s,” Rogers said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Part of the reason, he explained, is poverty. Farm towns like Hanford, Shafter and Corcoran in the Central Valley haven’t had the money to put in meters. But that’s not the case everywhere.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“The big cities, some of this is ideological. Over the years they have fought attempts to put in meters,” he said. “Some people worried it would increase their bills. Other people, particularly in the Central Valley, were worried that if they saved water, more of it would go south to Los Angeles.”\u003c/p>\n\u003caside class=\"pullquote alignleft\">‘It would be like going to the gas station and just paying $10 or $20, no matter how much gasoline you bought.’\u003c/aside>\n\u003cp>In places where meters have gone in, water use has dropped. “Fresno finished putting in water meters last year and their daily water use per capita was 313 per person in 2012, and now it’s 245 gallons per person,” said Rogers.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“If you use more, you pay more, and that’s something that is a really important incentive,” he said. “It would be like going to the gas station and just paying $10 or $20, no matter how much gasoline you bought, whether you’re driving a gas-sipping economy car or a Hummer.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>All homes and business in California are required to have water meters by 2025, according to a law signed by Gov. Arnold Schwarzenegger. But, Rogers adds, there are other types of water users in California that don’t have meters and don’t fall under that law, including farms and individual units in apartment buildings.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>Hear an edited version of their conversation, including an explanation of how Rogers figured out water use in places without water meters. \u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c!-- iframe plugin v.4.3 wordpress.org/plugins/iframe/ -->\u003cbr>\n\u003ciframe loading=\"lazy\" src=\"https://w.soundcloud.com/player/?url=https%3A//api.soundcloud.com/tracks/138945397&color=ff5500&auto_play=false&hide_related=false&show_artwork=true\" frameborder=\"no\" scrolling=\"no\" width=\"100%\" height=\"166\" class=\"iframe-class\">\u003c/iframe>\u003c/p>\n\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>",
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"info": "Possible is hosted by entrepreneur Reid Hoffman and writer Aria Finger. Together in Possible, Hoffman and Finger lead enlightening discussions about building a brighter collective future. The show features interviews with visionary guests like Trevor Noah, Sam Altman and Janette Sadik-Khan. Possible paints an optimistic portrait of the world we can create through science, policy, business, art and our shared humanity. It asks: What if everything goes right for once? How can we get there? Each episode also includes a short fiction story generated by advanced AI GPT-4, serving as a thought-provoking springboard to speculate how humanity could leverage technology for good.",
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"soldout": {
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