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"content": "\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_15346\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 640px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-full wp-image-15346\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2014/03/deg00013.jpg\" alt=\"The 1906 earthquake (USGS)\" width=\"640\" height=\"360\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">A woman surveys earthquake damage following the 1906 San Francisco quake. (USGS)\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>This is not exactly a news flash for long-time Californians. But scientists are starting to put more numbers on the inevitability that we all live with.\u003cbr>\n[contextly_sidebar id=”75eb0649d1156d7ece36bc7630c70ad7″]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>David Schwartz, U.S. Geological Survey in Menlo Park, \u003ca title=\"Q-Forum - show\" href=\"http://www.kqed.org/a/forum/R201403120930\">told listeners to KQED’s Forum program\u003c/a> that there’s a 63 percent chance of a major quake on the San Andreas Fault sometime in the next 22 years.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Apparently that’s not enough to worry about, so Schwartz was joined on the program by \u003ca title=\"Am Scientist - bio\" href=\"https://www.americanscientist.org/authors/detail/john-dvorak\">John Dvorak\u003c/a>, author of “\u003ca title=\"Kirkus - review\" href=\"https://www.kirkusreviews.com/book-reviews/john-dvorak/earthquake-storms/\">Earthquake Storms: The Fascinating History and Volatile Future of the San Andreas Fault\u003c/a>.”\u003c/p>\n\u003caside class=\"pullquote alignleft\">‘Earthquakes are not random events.’\u003ccite>John Dvorak, Geologist\u003c/cite>\u003c/aside>\n\u003cp>“Earthquakes are not random events,” said Dvorak, a former USGS scientist. “Earthquakes are clustered in time and space.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>He said the 1906 San Francisco quake represented a break along the northern section of the San Andreas Fault. A middle section north of Los Angeles broke in 1857, “but that southern part, south of Palm Springs, that hasn’t broken since 1680,” he said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Contrary to the popular conception that a quake releases pressure along the fault, thus postponing the next temblor, Dvorak said the likelihood of a second quake rises with the first one. During any given three-day span, he said the odds of a magnitude 7 or larger quake are about 1:100,000 in California. But when a magnitude 7 earthquake occurs, he said the odds of another one at least as big in the next three days go to about 1-in-10.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“You don’t need to panic,” said Dvorak. “You just need to have a heightened awareness that the ground could shake again soon.” Schwartz agreed that we can look forward to a whole lotta shakin’ going on. “We’ve got a lot of earthquakes ahead of us.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>And behind us. Schwartz said that seismologists have a “pretty complete record” going back to about 1600 and that we’ve been enjoying an eerily quiet interval. The hundred years or so starting around 1680, “literally every fault in the Bay Area” produced large earthquakes, releasing “almost as much energy as the 1906 earthquake.” After that, Schwartz said things went relatively quiet until the “Big One” in April, 1906.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[contextly_sidebar id=”5878627d97357ce29aa9a7578c08516a”]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But Schwartz said the worst-case scenario for Northern California would be a major break along the East Bay’s \u003ca title=\"Wiki - Hayward Fault\" href=\"http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hayward_Fault_Zone\">Hayward Fault\u003c/a> or its neighbor to the north, the Rodgers Creek Fault. “There are two million people who fundamentally live right on top of it,” he said. “We’ve never had a major earthquake in the center of a modern U.S. city and we just really don’t know what’s going to happen.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Fracking Opponents Point to Seismic Risk\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Meanwhile, three groups that oppose fracking in California released \u003ca title=\"Shaky Ground - main\" href=\"http://www.shakyground.org/\">a report\u003c/a> warning that a boom in the practice would pose a serious seismic risk to “millions of Californians.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Fracking is shorthand for hydraulic fracturing, the technique that uses fluids under high pressure to loosen up oil and gas formations underground. Drilling companies also re-inject wastewater back into the ground, which has been shown to produce minor seismic activity.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The report appears to be largely a mapping exercise, which shows more than half of California’s “active and new” wastewater injection wells within 10 miles of faults that have been active within the last 200 years.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>None of the authors are seismologists. Patrick Sullivan, a spokesman for the Center for Biological Diversity, one of the three collaborating organizations, said that the authors consulted with seismologists at the University of California. He also cited recent reports of \u003ca title=\"USGS - release\" href=\"http://www.usgs.gov/newsroom/article.asp?ID=3710#.UyIc3s4QORU\">increased shaking in Oklahoma\u003c/a>, where scientists are “evaluating possible links” to oil and gas operations. Fracking has recently been suspected of triggering \u003ca title=\"NYT - post\" href=\"http://www.nytimes.com/2014/03/12/us/ohio-looks-at-whether-fracking-led-to-2-quakes.html?hpw&rref=science&_r=0\">tremors in Ohio.\u003c/a>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Tsunami Threat Varies\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Many have pondered why last Sunday’s \u003ca title=\"Times-Standard - post\" href=\"http://www.times-standard.com/breakingnews/ci_25312898/location-sundays-6-9-quake-reduced-impact-north\">6.7 quake off the Northern California coast\u003c/a> did not produce giant, devastating waves. Schwartz explained that tsunamis are produced by the displacement of the sea floor. “That requires sort of an up-and-down movement,” he told listeners. “This was a strike-slip fault, where the movement is lateral, side-to-side, so it really doesn’t affect the sea bottom.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Schwartz also said the temblor was relatively small for that area, citing five other events within 50 miles, bigger than magnitude 7, since about 1900. But he added that smaller events can trigger tsunamis if they cause underwater landslides.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Both Schwartz and Dvorak agreed on the need for an earthquake warning system in California, but advised not to look to your dog for guidance in the meantime. “There’s no scientific evidence that animals can sense earthquakes before they happen,” says Dvorak.\u003c/p>\n\n",
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"excerpt": "And some say that a fracking boom in California will raise the ante.",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_15346\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 640px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-full wp-image-15346\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2014/03/deg00013.jpg\" alt=\"The 1906 earthquake (USGS)\" width=\"640\" height=\"360\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">A woman surveys earthquake damage following the 1906 San Francisco quake. (USGS)\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>This is not exactly a news flash for long-time Californians. But scientists are starting to put more numbers on the inevitability that we all live with.\u003cbr>\n\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>David Schwartz, U.S. Geological Survey in Menlo Park, \u003ca title=\"Q-Forum - show\" href=\"http://www.kqed.org/a/forum/R201403120930\">told listeners to KQED’s Forum program\u003c/a> that there’s a 63 percent chance of a major quake on the San Andreas Fault sometime in the next 22 years.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Apparently that’s not enough to worry about, so Schwartz was joined on the program by \u003ca title=\"Am Scientist - bio\" href=\"https://www.americanscientist.org/authors/detail/john-dvorak\">John Dvorak\u003c/a>, author of “\u003ca title=\"Kirkus - review\" href=\"https://www.kirkusreviews.com/book-reviews/john-dvorak/earthquake-storms/\">Earthquake Storms: The Fascinating History and Volatile Future of the San Andreas Fault\u003c/a>.”\u003c/p>\n\u003caside class=\"pullquote alignleft\">‘Earthquakes are not random events.’\u003ccite>John Dvorak, Geologist\u003c/cite>\u003c/aside>\n\u003cp>“Earthquakes are not random events,” said Dvorak, a former USGS scientist. “Earthquakes are clustered in time and space.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>He said the 1906 San Francisco quake represented a break along the northern section of the San Andreas Fault. A middle section north of Los Angeles broke in 1857, “but that southern part, south of Palm Springs, that hasn’t broken since 1680,” he said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Contrary to the popular conception that a quake releases pressure along the fault, thus postponing the next temblor, Dvorak said the likelihood of a second quake rises with the first one. During any given three-day span, he said the odds of a magnitude 7 or larger quake are about 1:100,000 in California. But when a magnitude 7 earthquake occurs, he said the odds of another one at least as big in the next three days go to about 1-in-10.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“You don’t need to panic,” said Dvorak. “You just need to have a heightened awareness that the ground could shake again soon.” Schwartz agreed that we can look forward to a whole lotta shakin’ going on. “We’ve got a lot of earthquakes ahead of us.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>And behind us. Schwartz said that seismologists have a “pretty complete record” going back to about 1600 and that we’ve been enjoying an eerily quiet interval. The hundred years or so starting around 1680, “literally every fault in the Bay Area” produced large earthquakes, releasing “almost as much energy as the 1906 earthquake.” After that, Schwartz said things went relatively quiet until the “Big One” in April, 1906.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But Schwartz said the worst-case scenario for Northern California would be a major break along the East Bay’s \u003ca title=\"Wiki - Hayward Fault\" href=\"http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hayward_Fault_Zone\">Hayward Fault\u003c/a> or its neighbor to the north, the Rodgers Creek Fault. “There are two million people who fundamentally live right on top of it,” he said. “We’ve never had a major earthquake in the center of a modern U.S. city and we just really don’t know what’s going to happen.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Fracking Opponents Point to Seismic Risk\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Meanwhile, three groups that oppose fracking in California released \u003ca title=\"Shaky Ground - main\" href=\"http://www.shakyground.org/\">a report\u003c/a> warning that a boom in the practice would pose a serious seismic risk to “millions of Californians.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Fracking is shorthand for hydraulic fracturing, the technique that uses fluids under high pressure to loosen up oil and gas formations underground. Drilling companies also re-inject wastewater back into the ground, which has been shown to produce minor seismic activity.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The report appears to be largely a mapping exercise, which shows more than half of California’s “active and new” wastewater injection wells within 10 miles of faults that have been active within the last 200 years.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>None of the authors are seismologists. Patrick Sullivan, a spokesman for the Center for Biological Diversity, one of the three collaborating organizations, said that the authors consulted with seismologists at the University of California. He also cited recent reports of \u003ca title=\"USGS - release\" href=\"http://www.usgs.gov/newsroom/article.asp?ID=3710#.UyIc3s4QORU\">increased shaking in Oklahoma\u003c/a>, where scientists are “evaluating possible links” to oil and gas operations. Fracking has recently been suspected of triggering \u003ca title=\"NYT - post\" href=\"http://www.nytimes.com/2014/03/12/us/ohio-looks-at-whether-fracking-led-to-2-quakes.html?hpw&rref=science&_r=0\">tremors in Ohio.\u003c/a>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Tsunami Threat Varies\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Many have pondered why last Sunday’s \u003ca title=\"Times-Standard - post\" href=\"http://www.times-standard.com/breakingnews/ci_25312898/location-sundays-6-9-quake-reduced-impact-north\">6.7 quake off the Northern California coast\u003c/a> did not produce giant, devastating waves. Schwartz explained that tsunamis are produced by the displacement of the sea floor. “That requires sort of an up-and-down movement,” he told listeners. “This was a strike-slip fault, where the movement is lateral, side-to-side, so it really doesn’t affect the sea bottom.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Schwartz also said the temblor was relatively small for that area, citing five other events within 50 miles, bigger than magnitude 7, since about 1900. But he added that smaller events can trigger tsunamis if they cause underwater landslides.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Both Schwartz and Dvorak agreed on the need for an earthquake warning system in California, but advised not to look to your dog for guidance in the meantime. “There’s no scientific evidence that animals can sense earthquakes before they happen,” says Dvorak.\u003c/p>\n\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>",
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"disqusTitle": "News Pix: Mission Bay Fire, Fighting For Rare Redwood and Cat Cafe Debut",
"title": "News Pix: Mission Bay Fire, Fighting For Rare Redwood and Cat Cafe Debut",
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"content": "\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2014/03/missionbayfire.jpg\">\u003cimg class=\"aligncenter size-medium wp-image-129427\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2014/03/missionbayfire-640x450.jpg\" alt=\"missionbayfire\" width=\"640\" height=\"450\">\u003c/a>\u003cbr>\nA \u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/news/2014/03/11/4-alarm-fire-san-francisco/\" target=\"_blank\">five-alarm fire at Mission Bay\u003c/a> destroyed a 172-unit apartment building under construction on Tuesday, March 11. Arson investigators are still searching for the cause of the fire. The burnt building is located on the west side of Fourth Street between Mission Rock and China Basin streets. At the height of the fire Tuesday evening, half of the roughly 320 firefighters on duty in the city were fighting the blaze. (Mark Andrew Boyer/KQED)\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2014/03/missionbayfire2.jpg\">\u003cimg class=\"aligncenter size-medium wp-image-129434\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2014/03/missionbayfire2-449x640.jpg\" alt=\"missionbayfire2\" width=\"449\" height=\"640\">\u003c/a>\u003cbr>\nThe Fire Department reports \u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/news/2014/03/11/4-alarm-fire-san-francisco/\" target=\"_blank\">two injuries in the blaze\u003c/a>: a firefighter, one of the first on the scene, who suffered first- and second-degree burns to the face and hands, and a battalion chief who sprained an ankle. A 190-unit apartment building directly across Fourth Street from the fire remained evacuated Wednesday morning. Searing heat from the fire blew out windows in 30 units facing the blaze, triggering sprinklers. (Charla Bear/KQED)\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2014/03/CCSFskirmish2.jpg\">\u003cimg class=\"aligncenter size-medium wp-image-129428\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2014/03/CCSFskirmish2-640x450.jpg\" alt=\"CCSFskirmish2\" width=\"640\" height=\"450\">\u003c/a>\u003cbr>\nAbout 200 students and teachers with the Save CCSF Coalition rallied Thursday, March 13, at the Community College of San Francisco main campus \u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/news/2014/03/13/ccsf-protest-violent\" target=\"_blank\">demanding the resignation of Special Trustee Robert Agrella\u003c/a>, the reinstatement of City College’s elected board of trustees, and an end to a new payment policy requiring class fees to be paid upfront, at the beginning of the semester. The protest turned violent when students tried to enter the building, resulting in two arrests. (Alex Emslie/KQED)\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2014/03/CCSFskirmish.jpg\">\u003cimg class=\"aligncenter size-medium wp-image-129429\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2014/03/CCSFskirmish-640x450.jpg\" alt=\"CCSFskirmish\" width=\"640\" height=\"450\">\u003c/a>\u003cbr>\nCity College student Otto Pippenger was detained by San Francisco Police Department officers outside an administration building. \u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/news/2014/03/13/ccsf-protest-violent\" target=\"_blank\">Students and teachers protesting\u003c/a> decisions by Special Trustee Robert Agrella were stopped by campus and San Francisco police from entering the college's administration building on Thursday, March 13. (Alex Emslie/KQED)\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2014/03/CotatiRedwood.jpg\">\u003cimg class=\"aligncenter size-medium wp-image-129430\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2014/03/CotatiRedwood-640x450.jpg\" alt=\"CotatiRedwood\" width=\"640\" height=\"450\">\u003c/a>\u003cbr>\nSonoma-Marin Area Rail Transit announced Thursday, March 13 that it's delaying its planned removal of a \u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/news/2014/03/14/rare-redwood-threatened-with-removal-in-cotati/\" target=\"_blank\">super-rare chimera albino coast redwood in Cotati\u003c/a>, pending additional expert analysis of the tree and study of alternatives to destroying it. The tree is located within the railroad right-of-way at East Cotati Avenue. The redwood in question is extraordinarily unusual on two accounts: It’s both albino and a chimera. The albino part of that description means, among other things, that its needles lack chlorophyll to give them their typical green appearance. Local historians and arborists have been raising awareness of the local treasure. (Mark Andrew Boyer/KQED)\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2014/03/wind2.jpg\">\u003cimg class=\"aligncenter size-medium wp-image-129432\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2014/03/wind2-640x450.jpg\" alt=\"wind2\" width=\"640\" height=\"450\">\u003c/a>\u003cbr>\n\u003ca href=\"http://www.berkeleyside.com/2014/03/11/high-winds-in-berkeley-loose-limbs-wires/\" target=\"_blank\">High winds in Berkeley\u003c/a> created hazardous situations into the night Tuesday, March 11. Power lines in various locations were reported to be blowing around, with at least one down altogether. (Pete Rosos/\u003ca href=\"http://www.berkeleyside.com/\" target=\"_blank\">Berkeleyside\u003c/a>)\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2014/03/catecafe2.jpg\">\u003cimg class=\"aligncenter size-medium wp-image-129431\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2014/03/catecafe2-640x450.jpg\" alt=\"catecafe2\" width=\"640\" height=\"450\">\u003c/a>\u003cbr>\nAfter more than a decade of success in Asian countries, particularly Japan, the adorable phenomenon of \u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/news/2014/03/11/cat-cafes-san-francisco-oakland/\" target=\"_blank\">cat cafes\u003c/a>, where patrons can enjoy coffee and a snack while watching frolicking kittens, is finally coming to the United States. The Bay Area's first cat cafe is likely to be either Oakland’s Cat Town Cafe or San Francisco’s KitTea — both of which are closing in on locations and should open by the end of the year, according to their organizers. Both are affiliated with rescue organizations, and both have used crowd funding to cover a substantial part of their startup costs. (Courtesy of: Adam Myatt)\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2014/03/goats.jpg\">\u003cimg class=\"aligncenter size-medium wp-image-129448\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2014/03/goats-640x449.jpg\" alt=\"goats\" width=\"640\" height=\"449\">\u003c/a>\u003cbr>\nSan Francisco company City Grazing has goats for hire that will come and clear unwanted brush and plant life from backyards and public spaces. The herd recently grew with the birth of 49 kids. The company now keeps about 100 goats at a rail yard in Bayview. This Sunday, City Grazing is welcoming the public to visit the baby goats from 12-4 p.m. at 100 Cargo Way. (Olivia Allen-Price/KQED)\u003c/p>\n\n",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2014/03/missionbayfire.jpg\">\u003cimg class=\"aligncenter size-medium wp-image-129427\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2014/03/missionbayfire-640x450.jpg\" alt=\"missionbayfire\" width=\"640\" height=\"450\">\u003c/a>\u003cbr>\nA \u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/news/2014/03/11/4-alarm-fire-san-francisco/\" target=\"_blank\">five-alarm fire at Mission Bay\u003c/a> destroyed a 172-unit apartment building under construction on Tuesday, March 11. Arson investigators are still searching for the cause of the fire. The burnt building is located on the west side of Fourth Street between Mission Rock and China Basin streets. At the height of the fire Tuesday evening, half of the roughly 320 firefighters on duty in the city were fighting the blaze. (Mark Andrew Boyer/KQED)\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2014/03/missionbayfire2.jpg\">\u003cimg class=\"aligncenter size-medium wp-image-129434\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2014/03/missionbayfire2-449x640.jpg\" alt=\"missionbayfire2\" width=\"449\" height=\"640\">\u003c/a>\u003cbr>\nThe Fire Department reports \u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/news/2014/03/11/4-alarm-fire-san-francisco/\" target=\"_blank\">two injuries in the blaze\u003c/a>: a firefighter, one of the first on the scene, who suffered first- and second-degree burns to the face and hands, and a battalion chief who sprained an ankle. A 190-unit apartment building directly across Fourth Street from the fire remained evacuated Wednesday morning. Searing heat from the fire blew out windows in 30 units facing the blaze, triggering sprinklers. (Charla Bear/KQED)\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2014/03/CCSFskirmish2.jpg\">\u003cimg class=\"aligncenter size-medium wp-image-129428\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2014/03/CCSFskirmish2-640x450.jpg\" alt=\"CCSFskirmish2\" width=\"640\" height=\"450\">\u003c/a>\u003cbr>\nAbout 200 students and teachers with the Save CCSF Coalition rallied Thursday, March 13, at the Community College of San Francisco main campus \u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/news/2014/03/13/ccsf-protest-violent\" target=\"_blank\">demanding the resignation of Special Trustee Robert Agrella\u003c/a>, the reinstatement of City College’s elected board of trustees, and an end to a new payment policy requiring class fees to be paid upfront, at the beginning of the semester. The protest turned violent when students tried to enter the building, resulting in two arrests. (Alex Emslie/KQED)\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2014/03/CCSFskirmish.jpg\">\u003cimg class=\"aligncenter size-medium wp-image-129429\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2014/03/CCSFskirmish-640x450.jpg\" alt=\"CCSFskirmish\" width=\"640\" height=\"450\">\u003c/a>\u003cbr>\nCity College student Otto Pippenger was detained by San Francisco Police Department officers outside an administration building. \u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/news/2014/03/13/ccsf-protest-violent\" target=\"_blank\">Students and teachers protesting\u003c/a> decisions by Special Trustee Robert Agrella were stopped by campus and San Francisco police from entering the college's administration building on Thursday, March 13. (Alex Emslie/KQED)\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2014/03/CotatiRedwood.jpg\">\u003cimg class=\"aligncenter size-medium wp-image-129430\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2014/03/CotatiRedwood-640x450.jpg\" alt=\"CotatiRedwood\" width=\"640\" height=\"450\">\u003c/a>\u003cbr>\nSonoma-Marin Area Rail Transit announced Thursday, March 13 that it's delaying its planned removal of a \u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/news/2014/03/14/rare-redwood-threatened-with-removal-in-cotati/\" target=\"_blank\">super-rare chimera albino coast redwood in Cotati\u003c/a>, pending additional expert analysis of the tree and study of alternatives to destroying it. The tree is located within the railroad right-of-way at East Cotati Avenue. The redwood in question is extraordinarily unusual on two accounts: It’s both albino and a chimera. The albino part of that description means, among other things, that its needles lack chlorophyll to give them their typical green appearance. Local historians and arborists have been raising awareness of the local treasure. (Mark Andrew Boyer/KQED)\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2014/03/wind2.jpg\">\u003cimg class=\"aligncenter size-medium wp-image-129432\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2014/03/wind2-640x450.jpg\" alt=\"wind2\" width=\"640\" height=\"450\">\u003c/a>\u003cbr>\n\u003ca href=\"http://www.berkeleyside.com/2014/03/11/high-winds-in-berkeley-loose-limbs-wires/\" target=\"_blank\">High winds in Berkeley\u003c/a> created hazardous situations into the night Tuesday, March 11. Power lines in various locations were reported to be blowing around, with at least one down altogether. (Pete Rosos/\u003ca href=\"http://www.berkeleyside.com/\" target=\"_blank\">Berkeleyside\u003c/a>)\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2014/03/catecafe2.jpg\">\u003cimg class=\"aligncenter size-medium wp-image-129431\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2014/03/catecafe2-640x450.jpg\" alt=\"catecafe2\" width=\"640\" height=\"450\">\u003c/a>\u003cbr>\nAfter more than a decade of success in Asian countries, particularly Japan, the adorable phenomenon of \u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/news/2014/03/11/cat-cafes-san-francisco-oakland/\" target=\"_blank\">cat cafes\u003c/a>, where patrons can enjoy coffee and a snack while watching frolicking kittens, is finally coming to the United States. The Bay Area's first cat cafe is likely to be either Oakland’s Cat Town Cafe or San Francisco’s KitTea — both of which are closing in on locations and should open by the end of the year, according to their organizers. Both are affiliated with rescue organizations, and both have used crowd funding to cover a substantial part of their startup costs. (Courtesy of: Adam Myatt)\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2014/03/goats.jpg\">\u003cimg class=\"aligncenter size-medium wp-image-129448\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2014/03/goats-640x449.jpg\" alt=\"goats\" width=\"640\" height=\"449\">\u003c/a>\u003cbr>\nSan Francisco company City Grazing has goats for hire that will come and clear unwanted brush and plant life from backyards and public spaces. The herd recently grew with the birth of 49 kids. The company now keeps about 100 goats at a rail yard in Bayview. This Sunday, City Grazing is welcoming the public to visit the baby goats from 12-4 p.m. at 100 Cargo Way. (Olivia Allen-Price/KQED)\u003c/p>\n\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>",
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"slug": "rare-redwood-threatened-with-removal-in-cotati",
"title": "Super-Rare Sonoma Redwood Spared by Rail Agency, for Now",
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"content": "\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_129150\" class=\"wp-caption alignnone\" style=\"max-width: 640px\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2014/03/IMG_0864-copy2.jpg\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-medium wp-image-129150\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2014/03/IMG_0864-copy2-640x426.jpg\" alt=\"Louise Santero stands under a rare albino chimera redwood tree near her home in Cotati. The tree is threatened with removal. (Mark Andrew Boyer/KQED)\" width=\"640\" height=\"426\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Louise Santero stands under a rare albino chimera redwood tree near her home in Cotati. The tree has been threatened with removal. (Mark Andrew Boyer/KQED)\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Sonoma Marin Area Rail Transit announced Thursday that it’s delaying its planned removal of a super-rare chimera albino coast redwood in Cotati, pending additional expert analysis of the tree and study of alternatives to destroying it.[contextly_sidebar id=”cd48e01206e26a0a44a832a3420f86dd”]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The tree is located within the railroad right-of-way at East Cotati Avenue. The redwood in question is extraordinarily unusual on two accounts: it’s both albino and a chimera. The albino part of that description means, among other things, that its needles lack chlorophyll to give them their typical green appearance.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In a story the other day, the Santa Rosa Press Democrat \u003ca href=\"http://www.pressdemocrat.com/article/20140311/articles/140319901#page=0\">did a nice job explaining what the “chimera” part of the tree’s physical makeup means:\u003c/a>\u003c/p>\n\u003cblockquote>\u003cp>The tree is a scientific treasure, said Zane Moore, a botany student at Colorado State University and a widely known researcher in chlorophyll-deficient, or albino, redwoods. … Cotati’s tree isn’t just an albino, but a chimera — a phenomenon seen in only a handful of naturally occurring redwoods in the world.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“A chimera means the plant has two genotypes, two sets of DNA growing in one plant,” Moore explained. “This tree is one of very few known chimeric redwoods in the world, and there is only one chimeric redwood known to exhibit the same style of albinism.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The other is a 5-foot-tall immature bush with fewer than five albino shoots, which is of limited scientific use at this point, he said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In Cotati’s mature tree, green and white needles appear on the same limb, similar to a candy cane’s alternating red and white stripes, Stapleton said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>To the untrained eye, the needles near its top appear oddly yellow, as if it may be unhealthy. Upon closer inspection, the limbs show one of the rarest genetic abnormalities in science: the dual-DNA variegation of green and white needles on the same stem.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>It is the world’s largest and tallest chimera, at 52 feet.\u003c/p>\u003c/blockquote>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_129199\" class=\"wp-caption alignnone\" style=\"max-width: 640px\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2014/03/IMG_0731-copy-3.jpg\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-medium wp-image-129199\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2014/03/IMG_0731-copy-3-640x426.jpg\" alt=\"Carol Silver, who works nearby, said she saw workers marking the tree around lunchtime on Wednesday. (Mark Andrew Boyer/KQED)\" width=\"640\" height=\"426\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Carol Silver, who works nearby, said she saw workers marking the tree for removal around lunchtime on Wednesday. (Mark Andrew Boyer/KQED)\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Louise Santero has lived in Cotati for 70 years, and the redwood tree sits just down the street from her home. She says needles change color throughout the year: “They’re deeper green during the spring, and then when winter time comes, that’s when it changes.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Santero estimates that the tree is 67 or 68 years old. Her former neighbor, Pete Tapian, planted the tree, but its exact provenance is unknown. “Where he got it, we have no idea,” she said. “His family doesn’t know either. The girls would say that at nighttime, their dad would go out and cover the tree so it would be protected.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_129197\" class=\"wp-caption alignnone\" style=\"max-width: 640px\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2014/03/IMG_0793-copy-3.jpg\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-medium wp-image-129197\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2014/03/IMG_0793-copy-3-640x426.jpg\" alt=\"Carol Silver, Louise Santero and Mike Bacciocco stand under an albino chimera redwood tree in Cotati (Mark Andrew Boyer/KQED)\" width=\"640\" height=\"426\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Carol Silver, Louise Santero and Mike Bacciocco stand under the albino chimera redwood tree in Cotati (Mark Andrew Boyer/KQED)\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Santero and other residents say removing the tree is unnecessary, but up until Thursday SMART officials said they had to comply with federal safety requirements.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>One set of rail tracks currently runs past the tree, but a second track will soon be added, putting the tree in a dangerous place. Earlier this week, a SMART spokesperson said the transit agency had tried to shift the alignment of its new tracks as far east as possible, but that still wouldn’t leave enough clearance for the tree to stay.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>SMART also looked at pruning the tree back, but that would have meant removing all of the branches on one side of the tree, and it still would have been within falling distance of the tracks, making it a safety hazard.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_129195\" class=\"wp-caption alignnone\" style=\"max-width: 640px\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2014/03/IMG_0942-copy-2.jpg\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-medium wp-image-129195\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2014/03/IMG_0942-copy-2-640x426.jpg\" alt=\"Because of the albinism, the tree has a mix of green and yellowish-white needles (Mark Andrew Boyer/KQED)\" width=\"640\" height=\"426\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Because of the albinism, the tree has a mix of green and yellowish-white needles (Mark Andrew Boyer/KQED)\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>SMART officials have suggested taking more than 1,000 cuttings from the tree and giving them to a private nursery to be propagated. Arborist Tom Stapleton, who strongly opposes cutting down the tree or moving it, says SMART’s propagation plan is flawed.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Because you have both genotypes living on the same plant material, if you don’t find the right particular branch that has the particular kind of chimerism, it will not be stable,” Stapleton said. Over time, he predicts that the normal green genotype would overpower the albinism, and the resulting tree would look like a normal redwood.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_129191\" class=\"wp-caption alignnone\" style=\"max-width: 640px\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2014/03/IMG_0917-copy-2.jpg\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-medium wp-image-129191\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2014/03/IMG_0917-copy-2-640x426.jpg\" alt=\"The Sonoma-Marin Area Rail Transit is planning to remove a rare albino redwood to make way for new commuter rail line (Mark Andrew Boyer/KQED)\" width=\"640\" height=\"426\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">(Mark Andrew Boyer/KQED)\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Thursday’s announcement from SMART’s General Manager Farhad Mansourian sounds like a delay more than a reprieve:\u003c/p>\n\u003cblockquote>\u003cp>“SMART is a local project. We are building something that will be part of the community. There is no question that we have to comply with safety requirements, and within that we have and will continue to take extreme care with the environmental elements of the project. Therefore, although we have been very proactive in doing due diligence, I have halted the process to take the time to bring in additional independent experts to examine and verify the analysis that was performed in September 2012 , as part of our environmental permitting, for this specific tree.”\u003c/p>\u003c/blockquote>\n\n",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_129150\" class=\"wp-caption alignnone\" style=\"max-width: 640px\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2014/03/IMG_0864-copy2.jpg\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-medium wp-image-129150\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2014/03/IMG_0864-copy2-640x426.jpg\" alt=\"Louise Santero stands under a rare albino chimera redwood tree near her home in Cotati. The tree is threatened with removal. (Mark Andrew Boyer/KQED)\" width=\"640\" height=\"426\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Louise Santero stands under a rare albino chimera redwood tree near her home in Cotati. The tree has been threatened with removal. (Mark Andrew Boyer/KQED)\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Sonoma Marin Area Rail Transit announced Thursday that it’s delaying its planned removal of a super-rare chimera albino coast redwood in Cotati, pending additional expert analysis of the tree and study of alternatives to destroying it.\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The tree is located within the railroad right-of-way at East Cotati Avenue. The redwood in question is extraordinarily unusual on two accounts: it’s both albino and a chimera. The albino part of that description means, among other things, that its needles lack chlorophyll to give them their typical green appearance.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In a story the other day, the Santa Rosa Press Democrat \u003ca href=\"http://www.pressdemocrat.com/article/20140311/articles/140319901#page=0\">did a nice job explaining what the “chimera” part of the tree’s physical makeup means:\u003c/a>\u003c/p>\n\u003cblockquote>\u003cp>The tree is a scientific treasure, said Zane Moore, a botany student at Colorado State University and a widely known researcher in chlorophyll-deficient, or albino, redwoods. … Cotati’s tree isn’t just an albino, but a chimera — a phenomenon seen in only a handful of naturally occurring redwoods in the world.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“A chimera means the plant has two genotypes, two sets of DNA growing in one plant,” Moore explained. “This tree is one of very few known chimeric redwoods in the world, and there is only one chimeric redwood known to exhibit the same style of albinism.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The other is a 5-foot-tall immature bush with fewer than five albino shoots, which is of limited scientific use at this point, he said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In Cotati’s mature tree, green and white needles appear on the same limb, similar to a candy cane’s alternating red and white stripes, Stapleton said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>To the untrained eye, the needles near its top appear oddly yellow, as if it may be unhealthy. Upon closer inspection, the limbs show one of the rarest genetic abnormalities in science: the dual-DNA variegation of green and white needles on the same stem.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>It is the world’s largest and tallest chimera, at 52 feet.\u003c/p>\u003c/blockquote>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_129199\" class=\"wp-caption alignnone\" style=\"max-width: 640px\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2014/03/IMG_0731-copy-3.jpg\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-medium wp-image-129199\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2014/03/IMG_0731-copy-3-640x426.jpg\" alt=\"Carol Silver, who works nearby, said she saw workers marking the tree around lunchtime on Wednesday. (Mark Andrew Boyer/KQED)\" width=\"640\" height=\"426\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Carol Silver, who works nearby, said she saw workers marking the tree for removal around lunchtime on Wednesday. (Mark Andrew Boyer/KQED)\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Louise Santero has lived in Cotati for 70 years, and the redwood tree sits just down the street from her home. She says needles change color throughout the year: “They’re deeper green during the spring, and then when winter time comes, that’s when it changes.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Santero estimates that the tree is 67 or 68 years old. Her former neighbor, Pete Tapian, planted the tree, but its exact provenance is unknown. “Where he got it, we have no idea,” she said. “His family doesn’t know either. The girls would say that at nighttime, their dad would go out and cover the tree so it would be protected.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_129197\" class=\"wp-caption alignnone\" style=\"max-width: 640px\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2014/03/IMG_0793-copy-3.jpg\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-medium wp-image-129197\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2014/03/IMG_0793-copy-3-640x426.jpg\" alt=\"Carol Silver, Louise Santero and Mike Bacciocco stand under an albino chimera redwood tree in Cotati (Mark Andrew Boyer/KQED)\" width=\"640\" height=\"426\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Carol Silver, Louise Santero and Mike Bacciocco stand under the albino chimera redwood tree in Cotati (Mark Andrew Boyer/KQED)\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Santero and other residents say removing the tree is unnecessary, but up until Thursday SMART officials said they had to comply with federal safety requirements.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>One set of rail tracks currently runs past the tree, but a second track will soon be added, putting the tree in a dangerous place. Earlier this week, a SMART spokesperson said the transit agency had tried to shift the alignment of its new tracks as far east as possible, but that still wouldn’t leave enough clearance for the tree to stay.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>SMART also looked at pruning the tree back, but that would have meant removing all of the branches on one side of the tree, and it still would have been within falling distance of the tracks, making it a safety hazard.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_129195\" class=\"wp-caption alignnone\" style=\"max-width: 640px\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2014/03/IMG_0942-copy-2.jpg\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-medium wp-image-129195\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2014/03/IMG_0942-copy-2-640x426.jpg\" alt=\"Because of the albinism, the tree has a mix of green and yellowish-white needles (Mark Andrew Boyer/KQED)\" width=\"640\" height=\"426\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Because of the albinism, the tree has a mix of green and yellowish-white needles (Mark Andrew Boyer/KQED)\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>SMART officials have suggested taking more than 1,000 cuttings from the tree and giving them to a private nursery to be propagated. Arborist Tom Stapleton, who strongly opposes cutting down the tree or moving it, says SMART’s propagation plan is flawed.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Because you have both genotypes living on the same plant material, if you don’t find the right particular branch that has the particular kind of chimerism, it will not be stable,” Stapleton said. Over time, he predicts that the normal green genotype would overpower the albinism, and the resulting tree would look like a normal redwood.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_129191\" class=\"wp-caption alignnone\" style=\"max-width: 640px\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2014/03/IMG_0917-copy-2.jpg\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-medium wp-image-129191\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2014/03/IMG_0917-copy-2-640x426.jpg\" alt=\"The Sonoma-Marin Area Rail Transit is planning to remove a rare albino redwood to make way for new commuter rail line (Mark Andrew Boyer/KQED)\" width=\"640\" height=\"426\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">(Mark Andrew Boyer/KQED)\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Thursday’s announcement from SMART’s General Manager Farhad Mansourian sounds like a delay more than a reprieve:\u003c/p>\n\u003cblockquote>\u003cp>“SMART is a local project. We are building something that will be part of the community. There is no question that we have to comply with safety requirements, and within that we have and will continue to take extreme care with the environmental elements of the project. Therefore, although we have been very proactive in doing due diligence, I have halted the process to take the time to bring in additional independent experts to examine and verify the analysis that was performed in September 2012 , as part of our environmental permitting, for this specific tree.”\u003c/p>\u003c/blockquote>\n\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>",
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"disqusTitle": "East Bay Water District Eyes Emergency Supply From Sacramento River",
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"content": "\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_129093\" class=\"wp-caption alignnone\" style=\"max-width: 640px\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2014/03/EBMUD-photo-Freeport-2.jpg\">\u003cimg class=\"size-medium wp-image-129093\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2014/03/EBMUD-photo-Freeport-2-640x426.jpg\" alt=\"The Freeport water intake facility on the Sacramento River (East Bay Municipal Utility District)\" width=\"640\" height=\"426\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">The Freeport water intake facility on the Sacramento River. (East Bay Municipal Utility District)\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>With the reality that rainfall and the Sierra Nevada snowpack will be far short of normal this year, the East Bay's largest water district is getting ready to tap an emergency water source that it took decades of legal battles and engineering work to secure.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The East Bay Municipal Utility District, which serves 1.3 million customers in Alameda and Contra Costa counties, will decide next month whether to switch on a pumping plant on the Sacramento River to supplement supplies it gets from its big Mokelumne River reservoirs.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>It would mark the first time EBMUD has used a supply of water it first arranged to purchase from the U.S. Bureau of Reclamation in 1970. The agreement would have allowed the district to pump as much as 150,000 acre-feet of emergency water from the American River east of Sacramento. After decades of environmental litigation, the district became partners with the Sacramento County Water Agency in a $900 million project that looks much different from the original plan.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The two agencies jointly built a pumping plant on the Sacramento River in Freeport, just south of the capital city. The plant, opened in 2011, allows EBMUD to ship water from the Sacramento through a series of canals to its Mokelumne Aqueduct, which serves the East Bay. Under its contract with the Bureau of Reclamation, EBMUD can draw on the Sacramento River supply only during dry years.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"EBMUD wouldn't access that water at all unless it was a situation like this, which is a drought year,\" EBMUD spokeswoman Andrea Pook says. The district will decide whether to request the emergency water next month, she says, after the spring and summer runoff forecast is clearer.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>EBMUD's reservoirs are at \u003ca href=\"http://www.ebmud.com/water-and-wastewater/water-supply/daily-water-supply-report\" target=\"_blank\">63 percent of capacity\u003c/a>, even after a series of February storms. Camanche Reservoir, the district's largest storage facility, is less than half full.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>So far, the district has asked customers for a voluntary, and relatively modest, 10 percent reduction in water use. Several other districts are calling for deeper cuts. The Santa Clara Valley Water District has asked consumers to reduce use by 20 percent. The Marin Municipal Water District has requested a 25 percent voluntary reduction.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"The district may decide that additional conservation would be enough,\" Pook says. \"It could say that we do need that water from the Sacramento River. It could be a combination.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Just how much water EBMUD can get from the Sacramento will depend on how much state and federal officials decide can be diverted from the river, which is experiencing very low flows because of the drought.\u003c/p>\n\n",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>EBMUD's reservoirs are at \u003ca href=\"http://www.ebmud.com/water-and-wastewater/water-supply/daily-water-supply-report\" target=\"_blank\">63 percent of capacity\u003c/a>, even after a series of February storms. Camanche Reservoir, the district's largest storage facility, is less than half full.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>So far, the district has asked customers for a voluntary, and relatively modest, 10 percent reduction in water use. Several other districts are calling for deeper cuts. The Santa Clara Valley Water District has asked consumers to reduce use by 20 percent. The Marin Municipal Water District has requested a 25 percent voluntary reduction.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"The district may decide that additional conservation would be enough,\" Pook says. \"It could say that we do need that water from the Sacramento River. It could be a combination.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Just how much water EBMUD can get from the Sacramento will depend on how much state and federal officials decide can be diverted from the river, which is experiencing very low flows because of the drought.\u003c/p>\n\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>",
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"content": "\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_15198\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 640px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-full wp-image-15198\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2014/03/waterfaucet.jpg\" alt=\"Homes and businesses that pay a flat rate for their water use more of it, per capita. (NVJ/Flickr) http://www.flickr.com/photos/natej/3273769256/\" width=\"640\" height=\"360\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Homes and businesses that pay a flat rate for their water use more of it per capita. (NVJ/\u003ca href=\"http://www.flickr.com/photos/natej/3273769256/\">Flickr\u003c/a>)\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>By Mina Kim and Molly Samuel\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>For generations, water meters have been an important tool for measuring how much water we use in California, and the drought has intensified the significance of that measurement. But in 42 communities, homeowners and businesses don’t have water meters installed. That adds up to more than 255,000 customers who pay a flat rate for their water.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Paul Rogers, the environment reporter at the San Jose Mercury News and managing editor of KQED Science, found that the flat-fee customers use more water, as he wrote in the \u003ca href=\"http://www.mercurynews.com/science/ci_25303957/california-drought-more-than-255-000-homes-and\">Mercury News\u003c/a>:\u003c/p>\n\u003cblockquote>\u003cp>People without meters are charged a flat monthly rate in those areas for water, usually between $20 and $35 a month. And those communities use 39 percent more water per capita than the state average, according to an analysis of state Department of Water Resources records by this newspaper.\u003c/p>\u003c/blockquote>\n\u003cp>“The city with the most unmetered connections is Sacramento,” Rogers told KQED’s Mina Kim. “Only half of Sacramento’s connections have meters on them.” Bakersfield, Modesto, Lodi and Merced also have a significant number of unmetered connections. The first water meters began going in around World War I, so the communities with fewer meters lag far behind the rest of the state.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[contextly_sidebar id=”b87cc019aec1afdf9a9ed4fca2086a5c”]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Most of the big cities in California, including San Francisco, San Jose, Oakland, Los Angeles have all had meters on all their water connections since at least the 1940s,” Rogers said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Part of the reason, he explained, is poverty. Farm towns like Hanford, Shafter and Corcoran in the Central Valley haven’t had the money to put in meters. But that’s not the case everywhere.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“The big cities, some of this is ideological. Over the years they have fought attempts to put in meters,” he said. “Some people worried it would increase their bills. Other people, particularly in the Central Valley, were worried that if they saved water, more of it would go south to Los Angeles.”\u003c/p>\n\u003caside class=\"pullquote alignleft\">‘It would be like going to the gas station and just paying $10 or $20, no matter how much gasoline you bought.’\u003c/aside>\n\u003cp>In places where meters have gone in, water use has dropped. “Fresno finished putting in water meters last year and their daily water use per capita was 313 per person in 2012, and now it’s 245 gallons per person,” said Rogers.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“If you use more, you pay more, and that’s something that is a really important incentive,” he said. “It would be like going to the gas station and just paying $10 or $20, no matter how much gasoline you bought, whether you’re driving a gas-sipping economy car or a Hummer.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>All homes and business in California are required to have water meters by 2025, according to a law signed by Gov. Arnold Schwarzenegger. But, Rogers adds, there are other types of water users in California that don’t have meters and don’t fall under that law, including farms and individual units in apartment buildings.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>Hear an edited version of their conversation, including an explanation of how Rogers figured out water use in places without water meters. \u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c!-- iframe plugin v.4.3 wordpress.org/plugins/iframe/ -->\u003cbr>\n\u003ciframe loading=\"lazy\" src=\"https://w.soundcloud.com/player/?url=https%3A//api.soundcloud.com/tracks/138945397&color=ff5500&auto_play=false&hide_related=false&show_artwork=true\" frameborder=\"no\" scrolling=\"no\" width=\"100%\" height=\"166\" class=\"iframe-class\">\u003c/iframe>\u003c/p>\n\n",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_15198\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 640px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-full wp-image-15198\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2014/03/waterfaucet.jpg\" alt=\"Homes and businesses that pay a flat rate for their water use more of it, per capita. (NVJ/Flickr) http://www.flickr.com/photos/natej/3273769256/\" width=\"640\" height=\"360\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Homes and businesses that pay a flat rate for their water use more of it per capita. (NVJ/\u003ca href=\"http://www.flickr.com/photos/natej/3273769256/\">Flickr\u003c/a>)\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>By Mina Kim and Molly Samuel\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>For generations, water meters have been an important tool for measuring how much water we use in California, and the drought has intensified the significance of that measurement. But in 42 communities, homeowners and businesses don’t have water meters installed. That adds up to more than 255,000 customers who pay a flat rate for their water.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Paul Rogers, the environment reporter at the San Jose Mercury News and managing editor of KQED Science, found that the flat-fee customers use more water, as he wrote in the \u003ca href=\"http://www.mercurynews.com/science/ci_25303957/california-drought-more-than-255-000-homes-and\">Mercury News\u003c/a>:\u003c/p>\n\u003cblockquote>\u003cp>People without meters are charged a flat monthly rate in those areas for water, usually between $20 and $35 a month. And those communities use 39 percent more water per capita than the state average, according to an analysis of state Department of Water Resources records by this newspaper.\u003c/p>\u003c/blockquote>\n\u003cp>“The city with the most unmetered connections is Sacramento,” Rogers told KQED’s Mina Kim. “Only half of Sacramento’s connections have meters on them.” Bakersfield, Modesto, Lodi and Merced also have a significant number of unmetered connections. The first water meters began going in around World War I, so the communities with fewer meters lag far behind the rest of the state.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Most of the big cities in California, including San Francisco, San Jose, Oakland, Los Angeles have all had meters on all their water connections since at least the 1940s,” Rogers said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Part of the reason, he explained, is poverty. Farm towns like Hanford, Shafter and Corcoran in the Central Valley haven’t had the money to put in meters. But that’s not the case everywhere.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“The big cities, some of this is ideological. Over the years they have fought attempts to put in meters,” he said. “Some people worried it would increase their bills. Other people, particularly in the Central Valley, were worried that if they saved water, more of it would go south to Los Angeles.”\u003c/p>\n\u003caside class=\"pullquote alignleft\">‘It would be like going to the gas station and just paying $10 or $20, no matter how much gasoline you bought.’\u003c/aside>\n\u003cp>In places where meters have gone in, water use has dropped. “Fresno finished putting in water meters last year and their daily water use per capita was 313 per person in 2012, and now it’s 245 gallons per person,” said Rogers.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“If you use more, you pay more, and that’s something that is a really important incentive,” he said. “It would be like going to the gas station and just paying $10 or $20, no matter how much gasoline you bought, whether you’re driving a gas-sipping economy car or a Hummer.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>All homes and business in California are required to have water meters by 2025, according to a law signed by Gov. Arnold Schwarzenegger. But, Rogers adds, there are other types of water users in California that don’t have meters and don’t fall under that law, including farms and individual units in apartment buildings.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>Hear an edited version of their conversation, including an explanation of how Rogers figured out water use in places without water meters. \u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c!-- iframe plugin v.4.3 wordpress.org/plugins/iframe/ -->\u003cbr>\n\u003ciframe loading=\"lazy\" src=\"https://w.soundcloud.com/player/?url=https%3A//api.soundcloud.com/tracks/138945397&color=ff5500&auto_play=false&hide_related=false&show_artwork=true\" frameborder=\"no\" scrolling=\"no\" width=\"100%\" height=\"166\" class=\"iframe-class\">\u003c/iframe>\u003c/p>\n\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>",
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"title": "President Obama Adds Mendocino Site to California Coastal National Monument",
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"content": "\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_128845\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 640px\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2014/03/5653839325_1ed92dddd6_o.jpg\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-medium wp-image-128845\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2014/03/5653839325_1ed92dddd6_o-640x480.jpg\" alt=\"Point Arena, on the Mendocino County coast. (Dan Brekke/KQED)\" width=\"640\" height=\"480\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Point Arena on the Mendocino County coast. (Dan Brekke/KQED)\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Update, Tuesday 1 p.m.: \u003c/strong> President Obama made it official today, issuing a proclamation that adds a 1,665-acre parcel at Point Arena to the California Coastal National Monument. The proclamation, which the president signed earlier today at the White House, waxes poetic on the Point Arena-Stornetta Public Lands that will become part of the monument: \u003c/p>\n\u003cblockquote>\u003cp>Some of California’s most spectacular wildlife make use of this striking landscape and its diverse vegetation communities. The Point Arena-Stornetta Public Lands provide important habitat for harbor seals, Steller sea lions, and an occasional elephant seal, which visitors can catch sight of from the vantage of the terrace’s western bluffs. The terrace itself supports thriving native bunchgrass prairie and coastal scrub communities. Generally low-lying vegetation is punctuated by a rare bishop pine forest and the southernmost natural example of a shore pine forest.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The bunchgrass prairie is home to the endemic \u003ca href=\"http://www.fws.gov/arcata/es/inverts/behrensss/bss_bfly.html\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Behren’s silverspot butterfly\u003c/a>, which is dependent on the presence of the dog violet. The rare and endemic Point Arena mountain beaver makes use of the diverse habitats in these lands. A wide array of rare bird species also uses the area’s interconnected habitats, including the black oystercatcher, the little willow flycatcher, the yellow warbler, and the black-crowned night heron. Squadrons of brown pelicans are a frequent sight, gliding low over the powerful waves, while snowy plovers are sometimes seen foraging along the surf line.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_128951\" class=\"wp-caption alignright\" style=\"max-width: 300px\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2014/03/behrensbutterfly.jpg\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2014/03/behrensbutterfly-300x300.jpg\" alt=\"Behrens silver-spot butterfly, an endangered species found at the new Point Arena unit of the California Coastal National Monument. (Gordon Pratt via U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service)\" width=\"300\" height=\"300\" class=\"size-thumbnail wp-image-128951\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Behrens silver-spot butterfly, an endangered species found at the new Point Arena unit of the California Coastal National Monument. (Gordon Pratt via U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service)\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Water plays an essential role in sustaining and connecting plant and animal life in this rugged landscape. At the northern end of these lands, the Garcia River ends its 44-mile journey to the Pacific. The estuary formed by the meeting of these waters provides both a nursery for juvenile fish and a transition zone for a variety of far-roaming salmonids, including central California coast coho salmon, the California coastal Chinook salmon, and northern California steelhead. These anadromous species depend on the Garcia River estuary and its flow through the Point Arena-Stornetta Public Lands to access their upstream spawning habitat. Across the river, powerful winds sculpt an extensive dune system, its shifting sands pocketed with brackish, semi-permanent ponds. Hathaway Creek, which feeds into the Garcia River, also passes through the public lands and provides important riparian habitat. The area’s salt marshes, brackish pools, and freshwater springs and seeps support an array of plant and animal species, including Humboldt Bay owl’s clover, as well as the rare California red-legged frog.\u003c/p>\u003c/blockquote>\n\u003cp>A clutch of dignitaries and Mendocino officials attended the proclamation signing, including: Reps. Jared Huffman and Mike Thompson; Leslie Dahlhoff, former mayor of Point Arena; Scott Schneider, president and CEO of Visit Mendocino County; Eloisa Oropeza, tribal chair of the Manchester-Point Arena Band of Pomo Indians; Larry Stornetta, rancher and former land owner of a portion of the Point Arena-Stornetta Public Lands; and Merita Whatley, manager of the Point Arena Lighthouse and member of Point Arena Merchants Association.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Interior Secretary Sally Jewell is scheduled to visit Point Arena on Wednesday for a celebration of the proclamation. \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Original post:\u003c/strong> Probably the first question most people have about Point Arena, even we worldly travelers in the Bay Area, is, “Where’s that?”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Answer: It’s a place — two places, actually, a headland with a beautiful lighthouse and a nearby town — on the Mendocino Coast about 100 miles northwest of San Francisco. It’s also about to become the first land-based addition to the \u003ca href=\"http://www.blm.gov/ca/st/en/prog/blm_special_areas/nm/ccnm/ccnm_brochures.html\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">California Coastal National Monument\u003c/a>, a strip of more than 20,000 offshore islands and rocks stretching from the Mexican border to the Oregon state line.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>President Obama is expected to sign an order Tuesday that will add 1,665 acres at Point Arena to the national monument. The property, known as the \u003ca href=\"http://www.blm.gov/ca/st/en/fo/ukiah/stornetta.html\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Stornetta-Point Arena Public Lands\u003c/a>, includes coastside meadows and cliffs adjacent to the Point Arena Lighthouse. The property also includes the Garcia River estuary, which provides spawning grounds for coho and chinook salmon and steelhead trout.\u003c/p>\n\u003caside class=\"pullquote alignleft\">‘It’s part of the branding that could bring travelers and tourism to the Mendocino coast.’\u003ccite>Rep. Jared Huffman\u003c/cite>\u003c/aside>\n\u003cp>Sen. Barbara Boxer and Reps. Mike Thompson and Jared Huffman, all North Bay Democrats, have introduced bills adding the Stornetta lands to the coastal national monument. Huffman’s bill made it through the House last year, but the Senate has yet to act on Boxer’s proposal.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Huffman, whose 2nd Congressional District includes the entire Northern California coast, said the parcel “is a diverse piece of property even though it’s in a pretty small, self-contained area. I can’t imagine a more perfect gateway to the coastal national monument.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Point Arena is about halfway between the popular tourist town of Gualala in the south and the heavily visited stretch of shoreline between the Navarro River and Fort Bragg. It’s on a pocket of the Mendocino coast that sees relatively few visitors. Huffman says the national monument designation could help change that.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“It’s part of the branding that could bring travelers and tourism to the Mendocino coast,” he said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Secretary of the Interior Sally Jewell, who held a public “listening session” on the national monument proposal in November, is scheduled to visit Point Arena on Wednesday to celebrate the new designation.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cem> Reporting on California land policy, planning and conservation is supported by a grant from the S.D. Bechtel Jr. Foundation.\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\n",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_128845\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 640px\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2014/03/5653839325_1ed92dddd6_o.jpg\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-medium wp-image-128845\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2014/03/5653839325_1ed92dddd6_o-640x480.jpg\" alt=\"Point Arena, on the Mendocino County coast. (Dan Brekke/KQED)\" width=\"640\" height=\"480\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Point Arena on the Mendocino County coast. (Dan Brekke/KQED)\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Update, Tuesday 1 p.m.: \u003c/strong> President Obama made it official today, issuing a proclamation that adds a 1,665-acre parcel at Point Arena to the California Coastal National Monument. The proclamation, which the president signed earlier today at the White House, waxes poetic on the Point Arena-Stornetta Public Lands that will become part of the monument: \u003c/p>\n\u003cblockquote>\u003cp>Some of California’s most spectacular wildlife make use of this striking landscape and its diverse vegetation communities. The Point Arena-Stornetta Public Lands provide important habitat for harbor seals, Steller sea lions, and an occasional elephant seal, which visitors can catch sight of from the vantage of the terrace’s western bluffs. The terrace itself supports thriving native bunchgrass prairie and coastal scrub communities. Generally low-lying vegetation is punctuated by a rare bishop pine forest and the southernmost natural example of a shore pine forest.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The bunchgrass prairie is home to the endemic \u003ca href=\"http://www.fws.gov/arcata/es/inverts/behrensss/bss_bfly.html\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Behren’s silverspot butterfly\u003c/a>, which is dependent on the presence of the dog violet. The rare and endemic Point Arena mountain beaver makes use of the diverse habitats in these lands. A wide array of rare bird species also uses the area’s interconnected habitats, including the black oystercatcher, the little willow flycatcher, the yellow warbler, and the black-crowned night heron. Squadrons of brown pelicans are a frequent sight, gliding low over the powerful waves, while snowy plovers are sometimes seen foraging along the surf line.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_128951\" class=\"wp-caption alignright\" style=\"max-width: 300px\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2014/03/behrensbutterfly.jpg\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2014/03/behrensbutterfly-300x300.jpg\" alt=\"Behrens silver-spot butterfly, an endangered species found at the new Point Arena unit of the California Coastal National Monument. (Gordon Pratt via U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service)\" width=\"300\" height=\"300\" class=\"size-thumbnail wp-image-128951\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Behrens silver-spot butterfly, an endangered species found at the new Point Arena unit of the California Coastal National Monument. (Gordon Pratt via U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service)\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Water plays an essential role in sustaining and connecting plant and animal life in this rugged landscape. At the northern end of these lands, the Garcia River ends its 44-mile journey to the Pacific. The estuary formed by the meeting of these waters provides both a nursery for juvenile fish and a transition zone for a variety of far-roaming salmonids, including central California coast coho salmon, the California coastal Chinook salmon, and northern California steelhead. These anadromous species depend on the Garcia River estuary and its flow through the Point Arena-Stornetta Public Lands to access their upstream spawning habitat. Across the river, powerful winds sculpt an extensive dune system, its shifting sands pocketed with brackish, semi-permanent ponds. Hathaway Creek, which feeds into the Garcia River, also passes through the public lands and provides important riparian habitat. The area’s salt marshes, brackish pools, and freshwater springs and seeps support an array of plant and animal species, including Humboldt Bay owl’s clover, as well as the rare California red-legged frog.\u003c/p>\u003c/blockquote>\n\u003cp>A clutch of dignitaries and Mendocino officials attended the proclamation signing, including: Reps. Jared Huffman and Mike Thompson; Leslie Dahlhoff, former mayor of Point Arena; Scott Schneider, president and CEO of Visit Mendocino County; Eloisa Oropeza, tribal chair of the Manchester-Point Arena Band of Pomo Indians; Larry Stornetta, rancher and former land owner of a portion of the Point Arena-Stornetta Public Lands; and Merita Whatley, manager of the Point Arena Lighthouse and member of Point Arena Merchants Association.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Interior Secretary Sally Jewell is scheduled to visit Point Arena on Wednesday for a celebration of the proclamation. \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Original post:\u003c/strong> Probably the first question most people have about Point Arena, even we worldly travelers in the Bay Area, is, “Where’s that?”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Answer: It’s a place — two places, actually, a headland with a beautiful lighthouse and a nearby town — on the Mendocino Coast about 100 miles northwest of San Francisco. It’s also about to become the first land-based addition to the \u003ca href=\"http://www.blm.gov/ca/st/en/prog/blm_special_areas/nm/ccnm/ccnm_brochures.html\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">California Coastal National Monument\u003c/a>, a strip of more than 20,000 offshore islands and rocks stretching from the Mexican border to the Oregon state line.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>President Obama is expected to sign an order Tuesday that will add 1,665 acres at Point Arena to the national monument. The property, known as the \u003ca href=\"http://www.blm.gov/ca/st/en/fo/ukiah/stornetta.html\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Stornetta-Point Arena Public Lands\u003c/a>, includes coastside meadows and cliffs adjacent to the Point Arena Lighthouse. The property also includes the Garcia River estuary, which provides spawning grounds for coho and chinook salmon and steelhead trout.\u003c/p>\n\u003caside class=\"pullquote alignleft\">‘It’s part of the branding that could bring travelers and tourism to the Mendocino coast.’\u003ccite>Rep. Jared Huffman\u003c/cite>\u003c/aside>\n\u003cp>Sen. Barbara Boxer and Reps. Mike Thompson and Jared Huffman, all North Bay Democrats, have introduced bills adding the Stornetta lands to the coastal national monument. Huffman’s bill made it through the House last year, but the Senate has yet to act on Boxer’s proposal.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Huffman, whose 2nd Congressional District includes the entire Northern California coast, said the parcel “is a diverse piece of property even though it’s in a pretty small, self-contained area. I can’t imagine a more perfect gateway to the coastal national monument.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Point Arena is about halfway between the popular tourist town of Gualala in the south and the heavily visited stretch of shoreline between the Navarro River and Fort Bragg. It’s on a pocket of the Mendocino coast that sees relatively few visitors. Huffman says the national monument designation could help change that.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“It’s part of the branding that could bring travelers and tourism to the Mendocino coast,” he said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Secretary of the Interior Sally Jewell, who held a public “listening session” on the national monument proposal in November, is scheduled to visit Point Arena on Wednesday to celebrate the new designation.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cem> Reporting on California land policy, planning and conservation is supported by a grant from the S.D. Bechtel Jr. Foundation.\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>",
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"disqusTitle": "Brown Tussles With Fracking Foes at State Convention",
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"content": "\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_128813\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 640px\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2014/03/RS9148_photo.jpg\">\u003cimg class=\"size-medium wp-image-128813\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2014/03/RS9148_photo-640x480.jpg\" alt=\"Gov. Jerry Brown speaks to the California Democrats' convention in L.A. on Saturday. (Scott Detrow/KQED)\" width=\"640\" height=\"480\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Gov. Jerry Brown speaks to the California Democrats' convention in L.A. on Saturday. (Scott Detrow/KQED)\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>California’s Democrats gathered in Los Angeles this weekend to take care of three important tasks: endorse their candidates, rally their troops and hang out with hundreds of like-minded political junkies.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“This is almost like camp,” said first-time delegate William Yellen. “Where you go and you focus in on something away from your normal day-to-day life.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>There weren’t any s’mores or games of capture-the-flag at the Los Angeles Convention Center. Just a whole lot of politics. In an effort to gin up enthusiasm, speaker after speaker touted Democratic victories like last year’s state minimum-wage increase. They also spent a lot of time blasting Republicans.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Termed-out state Treasurer Bill Lockyer delivered a stand-up routine comparing various Republicans with fruits and vegetables. “Mitch McConnell would be a prune,” he said at one point. “Tough, wrinkled. No longer essential to the flow of business.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Brown vs. the “Fracktivists”\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Gov. Jerry Brown encountered some turbulence when he addressed the convention Saturday morning.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The governor began his speech with much more flourish than usual. Departing from his typical technocratic approach, Brown ticked off the Democratic victories of his first term, including expanded rights for undocumented immigrants and the minimum-wage increase. The delegates rose to their feet when Brown criticized federal standardized curriculum and student-testing requirements, saying. “The test of the genius of each child is not how they bubble in A, B, C or D. Education is not filling a pail. It’s lighting a fire in the soul and spirit of every child.”\u003c/p>\n\u003caside class=\"pullquote alignleft\">'Keep protesting, but add a bunch more stuff.'\u003ccite>— Gov. Jerry Brown,\u003cbr>\nAdvising fracking critics on their agenda\u003c/cite>\u003c/aside>\n\u003cp>But when Brown pivoted to water policy, the cheers turned to jeers. Brown has refused to go along with Democratic calls for a temporary halt on hydraulic fracturing, a petroleum exploration method that could power a new oil boom in California. He has called the potential riches in California’s Monterey Shale formation “a fabulous opportunity.” The heavily anti-fracking crowd in the convention hall let him know they feel quite differently.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“I got it,” Brown said after chants interrupted his speech. Brown has made fighting climate change a top priority, and he seemed puzzled, even frustrated, to be challenged on his environmental record.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Brown then pointed out California is the only state with a cap-and-trade system in place to reduce carbon emissions. “I challenge anybody to find any other state that is on that path, a serious path. Here’s what we have: We are a state that has a goal of 33.5 percent renewable energy.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But the crowd kept pushing. Brown urged the protesters to “listen a moment” and proceeded to lecture them on spending too much time dwelling on the fracking issue.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Would it be that if we only did one thing, it’d solve our climate change,” he said. \"That is not the way it is. We need electric cars. We need new land use rules, so people can live closer to where they work. We need massive renewable energy.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Brown ended his speech with this advice: “Keep protesting, but add a bunch more stuff.” But the environmentalists had the last word, as the party ended the weekend by adopting platform language calling for a fracking moratorium.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Don’t expect the environmentalists to leave Brown alone, but don’t expect them to abandon him either. RL Miller, who chairs the party’s \u003ca href=\"http://www.envirocaucus.org/about_us\" target=\"_blank\">environmental caucus\u003c/a>, said, “He’s doing the right thing on the bullet train. He’s doing the right thing on renewable energy. He’s doing the right thing on cars. He’s doing a lot of right things. The only wrong thing he’s doing is fracking.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>'If we all go to sleep, Jerry Brown will get re-elected'\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Democrats at the convention clearly expect Brown to cruise to re-election. Party Chair John Burton warned against taking that complacency too far.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[youtube http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=http://youtu.be/pJVvwTdQROg?rel=0&start=50&end=546&autoplay=0&w=300&h=170]\u003c/p>\n\u003ch3>KQED Newsroom: Scott Detrow on the State Democratic Convention\u003c/h3>\n\u003cp>“We cannot kind of stay at home and say no matter what happens, we’re all going to win,” he said. “Because probably if we all go to sleep, Jerry Brown will get re-elected. But that’s not enough.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>There’s no presidential election this year, and so far there doesn’t appear to be any high-profile proposition fight to energize voters. So, Democrats will need to work harder to turn out the voters they need to keep their supermajorities in the state Legislature. Speaker after speaker urged the crowd to stay active, raise money and work on voter registration efforts.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The convention endorsed Democrats for races up and down the ticket. The two major exceptions: the two statewide races with competitive primaries. Secretary of State candidate \u003ca href=\"http://sd20.senate.ca.gov/\" target=\"_blank\">Alex Padilla\u003c/a> and controller hopeful \u003ca href=\"http://www.asmdc.org/speaker/\" target=\"_blank\">John Pérez\u003c/a> both campaigned hard to win the party’s nod, but both came up short.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Padilla, a Los Angeles County state senator, finished just a point-and-a-half shy of the 60 percent threshold needed for an endorsement. His main opponent, \u003ca href=\"http://sd08.senate.ca.gov/\" target=\"_blank\">Sen. Leland Yee\u003c/a> of San Francisco, won just 11 percent after urging delegates to vote for \"no endorsement.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Pérez, the outgoing Assembly speaker, topped controller opponent Betty Yee by 3 points, but both earned less than 50 percent of the delegates’ votes.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In the closely watched race in Silicon Valley's 17th Congressional District, the party endorsed incumbent Mike Honda over challenger Ro Khanna.\u003c/p>\n\n",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_128813\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 640px\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2014/03/RS9148_photo.jpg\">\u003cimg class=\"size-medium wp-image-128813\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2014/03/RS9148_photo-640x480.jpg\" alt=\"Gov. Jerry Brown speaks to the California Democrats' convention in L.A. on Saturday. (Scott Detrow/KQED)\" width=\"640\" height=\"480\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Gov. Jerry Brown speaks to the California Democrats' convention in L.A. on Saturday. (Scott Detrow/KQED)\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>California’s Democrats gathered in Los Angeles this weekend to take care of three important tasks: endorse their candidates, rally their troops and hang out with hundreds of like-minded political junkies.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“This is almost like camp,” said first-time delegate William Yellen. “Where you go and you focus in on something away from your normal day-to-day life.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>There weren’t any s’mores or games of capture-the-flag at the Los Angeles Convention Center. Just a whole lot of politics. In an effort to gin up enthusiasm, speaker after speaker touted Democratic victories like last year’s state minimum-wage increase. They also spent a lot of time blasting Republicans.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Termed-out state Treasurer Bill Lockyer delivered a stand-up routine comparing various Republicans with fruits and vegetables. “Mitch McConnell would be a prune,” he said at one point. “Tough, wrinkled. No longer essential to the flow of business.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Brown vs. the “Fracktivists”\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Gov. Jerry Brown encountered some turbulence when he addressed the convention Saturday morning.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The governor began his speech with much more flourish than usual. Departing from his typical technocratic approach, Brown ticked off the Democratic victories of his first term, including expanded rights for undocumented immigrants and the minimum-wage increase. The delegates rose to their feet when Brown criticized federal standardized curriculum and student-testing requirements, saying. “The test of the genius of each child is not how they bubble in A, B, C or D. Education is not filling a pail. It’s lighting a fire in the soul and spirit of every child.”\u003c/p>\n\u003caside class=\"pullquote alignleft\">'Keep protesting, but add a bunch more stuff.'\u003ccite>— Gov. Jerry Brown,\u003cbr>\nAdvising fracking critics on their agenda\u003c/cite>\u003c/aside>\n\u003cp>But when Brown pivoted to water policy, the cheers turned to jeers. Brown has refused to go along with Democratic calls for a temporary halt on hydraulic fracturing, a petroleum exploration method that could power a new oil boom in California. He has called the potential riches in California’s Monterey Shale formation “a fabulous opportunity.” The heavily anti-fracking crowd in the convention hall let him know they feel quite differently.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“I got it,” Brown said after chants interrupted his speech. Brown has made fighting climate change a top priority, and he seemed puzzled, even frustrated, to be challenged on his environmental record.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Brown then pointed out California is the only state with a cap-and-trade system in place to reduce carbon emissions. “I challenge anybody to find any other state that is on that path, a serious path. Here’s what we have: We are a state that has a goal of 33.5 percent renewable energy.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But the crowd kept pushing. Brown urged the protesters to “listen a moment” and proceeded to lecture them on spending too much time dwelling on the fracking issue.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Would it be that if we only did one thing, it’d solve our climate change,” he said. \"That is not the way it is. We need electric cars. We need new land use rules, so people can live closer to where they work. We need massive renewable energy.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Brown ended his speech with this advice: “Keep protesting, but add a bunch more stuff.” But the environmentalists had the last word, as the party ended the weekend by adopting platform language calling for a fracking moratorium.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Don’t expect the environmentalists to leave Brown alone, but don’t expect them to abandon him either. RL Miller, who chairs the party’s \u003ca href=\"http://www.envirocaucus.org/about_us\" target=\"_blank\">environmental caucus\u003c/a>, said, “He’s doing the right thing on the bullet train. He’s doing the right thing on renewable energy. He’s doing the right thing on cars. He’s doing a lot of right things. The only wrong thing he’s doing is fracking.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>'If we all go to sleep, Jerry Brown will get re-elected'\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Democrats at the convention clearly expect Brown to cruise to re-election. Party Chair John Burton warned against taking that complacency too far.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003cspan class='utils-parseShortcode-shortcodes-__youtubeShortcode__embedYoutube'>\n \u003cspan class='utils-parseShortcode-shortcodes-__youtubeShortcode__embedYoutubeInside'>\n \u003ciframe\n loading='lazy'\n class='utils-parseShortcode-shortcodes-__youtubeShortcode__youtubePlayer'\n type='text/html'\n src='//www.youtube.com/embed/http://youtu.be/pJVvwTdQROg?rel=0'\n title='//www.youtube.com/embed/http://youtu.be/pJVvwTdQROg?rel=0'\n allowfullscreen='true'\n style='border:0;'>\u003c/iframe>\n \u003c/span>\n \u003c/span>\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003ch3>KQED Newsroom: Scott Detrow on the State Democratic Convention\u003c/h3>\n\u003cp>“We cannot kind of stay at home and say no matter what happens, we’re all going to win,” he said. “Because probably if we all go to sleep, Jerry Brown will get re-elected. But that’s not enough.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>There’s no presidential election this year, and so far there doesn’t appear to be any high-profile proposition fight to energize voters. So, Democrats will need to work harder to turn out the voters they need to keep their supermajorities in the state Legislature. Speaker after speaker urged the crowd to stay active, raise money and work on voter registration efforts.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The convention endorsed Democrats for races up and down the ticket. The two major exceptions: the two statewide races with competitive primaries. Secretary of State candidate \u003ca href=\"http://sd20.senate.ca.gov/\" target=\"_blank\">Alex Padilla\u003c/a> and controller hopeful \u003ca href=\"http://www.asmdc.org/speaker/\" target=\"_blank\">John Pérez\u003c/a> both campaigned hard to win the party’s nod, but both came up short.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Padilla, a Los Angeles County state senator, finished just a point-and-a-half shy of the 60 percent threshold needed for an endorsement. His main opponent, \u003ca href=\"http://sd08.senate.ca.gov/\" target=\"_blank\">Sen. Leland Yee\u003c/a> of San Francisco, won just 11 percent after urging delegates to vote for \"no endorsement.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Pérez, the outgoing Assembly speaker, topped controller opponent Betty Yee by 3 points, but both earned less than 50 percent of the delegates’ votes.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In the closely watched race in Silicon Valley's 17th Congressional District, the party endorsed incumbent Mike Honda over challenger Ro Khanna.\u003c/p>\n\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>",
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"title": "Why Distant Dust Storms Matter to California Rainfall",
"headTitle": "Why Distant Dust Storms Matter to California Rainfall | KQED",
"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"audio-wrap\">\n\u003ch2>Listen:\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>http://www.kqed.org/.stream/anon/radio/science/2014/03/20140310science.mp3\u003c/p>\n\u003c/div>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_15129\" class=\"wp-caption alignleft\" style=\"max-width: 640px\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2014/03/Worldview-Terra_0226-0228Storm_TrueColor-AOT0224.jpg\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-full wp-image-15129\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2014/03/Worldview-Terra_0226-0228Storm_TrueColor-AOT0224.jpg\" alt=\"A storm approaching California on February 24th had what researchers say is a large amount of dust at the center, as shown by the orange areas. (NASA Earth Observing System Data and Information System)\" width=\"640\" height=\"360\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">A storm approaching California on February 24 had large amounts of dust at the center, as shown by the highlighted orange areas. (NASA Earth Observing System Data and Information System)\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>California’s recent rainstorms, as welcome as they were, haven’t been enough to save the state from a serious drought this year. The rainy season typically winds down by late March.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Scientists are trying to understand why some storms unload lots of rain and snow in California and others don’t. They’re finding it could be linked to dust storms thousands of miles away.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Seeds of a Storm\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>On a windy bluff overlooking the Pacific Ocean, Kim Prather, an atmospheric chemist at the University of California, San Diego, eyes a bank of dark clouds in the distance.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“It’s coming in,” she says. “I think it’s the front.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Rain is what Prather and her team have been waiting for. They’ve set up a large truck trailer full of scientific equipment at the Bodega Marine Laboratory, about an hour north of San Francisco.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Clouds are made up of water vapor, but that’s not the only ingredient needed for rain. Tiny particles like pollution, sea spray, dust and smoke, are the seeds of a rainstorm. The water inside a cloud condenses on these aerosols, growing larger and larger until it becomes a raindrop or snowflake that’s heavy enough to fall.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Large pumps on the trailer next to us are pulling in millions of these particles, so Prather and her team can examine them one by one.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“We didn’t expect there to be much dust here, but in fact, there are parcels of dust continuously coming across the Pacific right now,” she says.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The dust has made its way from the deserts of Asia and Africa. Dust storms send particles miles into the air, then they drift to California in 7 to 10 days.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_15133\" class=\"wp-caption alignleft\" style=\"max-width: 640px\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2014/03/Prather.jpg\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-full wp-image-15133\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2014/03/Prather.jpg\" alt=\"Kim Prather watches are air particles are tested, inside a research trailer in Bodega Bay. (Lauren Sommer/KQED)\" width=\"640\" height=\"380\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Kim Prather watches as her mobile lab tests air particles inside a research trailer in Bodega Bay. (Lauren Sommer/KQED)\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Prather has studied dust like this before, when she \u003ca href=\"http://atofms.ucsd.edu/content/calwater-2009-2011\">flew through Sierra Nevada snowstorms\u003c/a> in a small research plane.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“So days with dust, we found, were days where you had the most snow on the ground consistently,” she says. “And it’s not a lot of dust. It’s just the right amount of dust that comes in and seeds the very top of the clouds.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In one study, Prather found that the right kind of dust storm \u003ca href=\"http://ucsdnews.ucsd.edu/feature/intercontinental_rainmakers\">could boost snowfall\u003c/a> in the Sierra Nevada by 40 percent. It happens because dust helps ice crystals grow. Ice formation appears to be the magic recipe for producing lots of precipitation.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Ice is a very picky process,” Prather says. “Ice only likes to form on certain surfaces. Dust seems to be very good. Bacteria—biological particles seem to be very good.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Yep—bacteria. “Dust will come out of the ground with microbes on it and so there are microbes that are \u003ca href=\"http://www.npr.org/2013/01/29/170459317/bird-plane-bacteria-microbes-thrive-in-storm-clouds\">still alive in those clouds\u003c/a>,” she says.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[contextly_sidebar id=”e2d0ec59e2858dd0f66f678a2f5178d7″]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Other particles appear to have the opposite effect. Urban air pollution, both from California and coming over from Asia, seems to reduce precipitation in the Sierra. The particles are small, creating a lot of water droplets that aren’t quite heavy enough to fall.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Prather says there’s still a lot to understand about the effects that particles have on the weather, but the information could help improve weather forecasting.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Are we getting more precipitation?” she says. “Are we getting less precipitation? The ultimate goal is to be able to feed this into weather forecast models and improve those models, where they actually take into account the seeds. Right now, they don’t.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Updating Weather Models\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“From an operational perspective, we are giving that very serious consideration,” says Bill Lapenta, who runs the \u003ca href=\"http://www.ncep.noaa.gov/\">weather forecasting division\u003c/a> of the National Weather Service.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Daily weather forecasts come from giant simulations that run on supercomputers. Adding more dynamics, like the behavior of dust storms, increases costs for the agency.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“It adds an additional amount of complexity which then requires more computational resources,” he says.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Dust and Particles Transported Around the Globe://www.youtube.com/watch?v=kQyxFpQCs7U\n\nWeather models are updated generally only once a year, because changes can have far-reaching consequences. “The models have to be run on time, every time,” Lapenta says. The information is key for preparing the public for extreme weather and floods.\n\nStill, Lapenta says he’s hoping to start including dust storms and other sources of particles in the next five years. “I do believe that in the end, including the effects of dust particles in these complex models will help improve the precipitation forecast,” he says.\n\n\u003cstrong>Storing More Water for Drought\u003c/strong>\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>An improved forecast could help California manage its water supplies better, leading to fuller reservoirs that help buffer California against drought.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“The storms that provide the beneficial water that we really need badly this year?” says Marty Ralph, director of the Center for Western Weather and Water Extremes at the Scripps Institution of Oceanography. “It often comes in just a few events each winter, and that’s really the make or break thing for the season.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>California’s \u003ca href=\"http://cdec.water.ca.gov/cdecapp/resapp/getResGraphsMain.action\">network of reservoirs\u003c/a> stores that runoff. But reservoirs are required to release a lot of stored water in the fall and early winter, in order to make room for runoff from extreme storms and protect against floods.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“In the future, it may be possible if we can predict these storms accurately enough ahead of time, we could maybe keep a little extra water in there, knowing that if we had three days lead time we could release that water in a safe and appropriate way,” Ralph says.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Then, if the storms turn out to be small, reservoirs wouldn’t be releasing water that California needs later in the summer.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Dynamically managing reservoirs this way would require a major change in the operating rules. A \u003ca href=\"http://huffman.house.gov/media-center/press-releases/huffman-introduces-bill-to-modernize-army-corps-of-engineers-reservoir\">bill recently introduced\u003c/a> in the U.S. House by Sonoma County Democrat Jared Huffman would provide some of that flexibility.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Given the improvements in weather forecasting science and California’s propensity for drought, many say it’s a change whose time has come.\u003c/p>\n\n",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/div>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_15129\" class=\"wp-caption alignleft\" style=\"max-width: 640px\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2014/03/Worldview-Terra_0226-0228Storm_TrueColor-AOT0224.jpg\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-full wp-image-15129\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2014/03/Worldview-Terra_0226-0228Storm_TrueColor-AOT0224.jpg\" alt=\"A storm approaching California on February 24th had what researchers say is a large amount of dust at the center, as shown by the orange areas. (NASA Earth Observing System Data and Information System)\" width=\"640\" height=\"360\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">A storm approaching California on February 24 had large amounts of dust at the center, as shown by the highlighted orange areas. (NASA Earth Observing System Data and Information System)\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>California’s recent rainstorms, as welcome as they were, haven’t been enough to save the state from a serious drought this year. The rainy season typically winds down by late March.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Scientists are trying to understand why some storms unload lots of rain and snow in California and others don’t. They’re finding it could be linked to dust storms thousands of miles away.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Seeds of a Storm\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>On a windy bluff overlooking the Pacific Ocean, Kim Prather, an atmospheric chemist at the University of California, San Diego, eyes a bank of dark clouds in the distance.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“It’s coming in,” she says. “I think it’s the front.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Rain is what Prather and her team have been waiting for. They’ve set up a large truck trailer full of scientific equipment at the Bodega Marine Laboratory, about an hour north of San Francisco.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Clouds are made up of water vapor, but that’s not the only ingredient needed for rain. Tiny particles like pollution, sea spray, dust and smoke, are the seeds of a rainstorm. The water inside a cloud condenses on these aerosols, growing larger and larger until it becomes a raindrop or snowflake that’s heavy enough to fall.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Large pumps on the trailer next to us are pulling in millions of these particles, so Prather and her team can examine them one by one.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“We didn’t expect there to be much dust here, but in fact, there are parcels of dust continuously coming across the Pacific right now,” she says.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The dust has made its way from the deserts of Asia and Africa. Dust storms send particles miles into the air, then they drift to California in 7 to 10 days.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_15133\" class=\"wp-caption alignleft\" style=\"max-width: 640px\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2014/03/Prather.jpg\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-full wp-image-15133\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2014/03/Prather.jpg\" alt=\"Kim Prather watches are air particles are tested, inside a research trailer in Bodega Bay. (Lauren Sommer/KQED)\" width=\"640\" height=\"380\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Kim Prather watches as her mobile lab tests air particles inside a research trailer in Bodega Bay. (Lauren Sommer/KQED)\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Prather has studied dust like this before, when she \u003ca href=\"http://atofms.ucsd.edu/content/calwater-2009-2011\">flew through Sierra Nevada snowstorms\u003c/a> in a small research plane.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“So days with dust, we found, were days where you had the most snow on the ground consistently,” she says. “And it’s not a lot of dust. It’s just the right amount of dust that comes in and seeds the very top of the clouds.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In one study, Prather found that the right kind of dust storm \u003ca href=\"http://ucsdnews.ucsd.edu/feature/intercontinental_rainmakers\">could boost snowfall\u003c/a> in the Sierra Nevada by 40 percent. It happens because dust helps ice crystals grow. Ice formation appears to be the magic recipe for producing lots of precipitation.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Ice is a very picky process,” Prather says. “Ice only likes to form on certain surfaces. Dust seems to be very good. Bacteria—biological particles seem to be very good.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Yep—bacteria. “Dust will come out of the ground with microbes on it and so there are microbes that are \u003ca href=\"http://www.npr.org/2013/01/29/170459317/bird-plane-bacteria-microbes-thrive-in-storm-clouds\">still alive in those clouds\u003c/a>,” she says.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Other particles appear to have the opposite effect. Urban air pollution, both from California and coming over from Asia, seems to reduce precipitation in the Sierra. The particles are small, creating a lot of water droplets that aren’t quite heavy enough to fall.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Prather says there’s still a lot to understand about the effects that particles have on the weather, but the information could help improve weather forecasting.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Are we getting more precipitation?” she says. “Are we getting less precipitation? The ultimate goal is to be able to feed this into weather forecast models and improve those models, where they actually take into account the seeds. Right now, they don’t.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Updating Weather Models\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“From an operational perspective, we are giving that very serious consideration,” says Bill Lapenta, who runs the \u003ca href=\"http://www.ncep.noaa.gov/\">weather forecasting division\u003c/a> of the National Weather Service.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Daily weather forecasts come from giant simulations that run on supercomputers. Adding more dynamics, like the behavior of dust storms, increases costs for the agency.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“It adds an additional amount of complexity which then requires more computational resources,” he says.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Dust and Particles Transported Around the Globe://www.youtube.com/watch?v=kQyxFpQCs7U\n\nWeather models are updated generally only once a year, because changes can have far-reaching consequences. “The models have to be run on time, every time,” Lapenta says. The information is key for preparing the public for extreme weather and floods.\n\nStill, Lapenta says he’s hoping to start including dust storms and other sources of particles in the next five years. “I do believe that in the end, including the effects of dust particles in these complex models will help improve the precipitation forecast,” he says.\n\n\u003cstrong>Storing More Water for Drought\u003c/strong>\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>An improved forecast could help California manage its water supplies better, leading to fuller reservoirs that help buffer California against drought.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“The storms that provide the beneficial water that we really need badly this year?” says Marty Ralph, director of the Center for Western Weather and Water Extremes at the Scripps Institution of Oceanography. “It often comes in just a few events each winter, and that’s really the make or break thing for the season.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>California’s \u003ca href=\"http://cdec.water.ca.gov/cdecapp/resapp/getResGraphsMain.action\">network of reservoirs\u003c/a> stores that runoff. But reservoirs are required to release a lot of stored water in the fall and early winter, in order to make room for runoff from extreme storms and protect against floods.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“In the future, it may be possible if we can predict these storms accurately enough ahead of time, we could maybe keep a little extra water in there, knowing that if we had three days lead time we could release that water in a safe and appropriate way,” Ralph says.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Then, if the storms turn out to be small, reservoirs wouldn’t be releasing water that California needs later in the summer.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Dynamically managing reservoirs this way would require a major change in the operating rules. A \u003ca href=\"http://huffman.house.gov/media-center/press-releases/huffman-introduces-bill-to-modernize-army-corps-of-engineers-reservoir\">bill recently introduced\u003c/a> in the U.S. House by Sonoma County Democrat Jared Huffman would provide some of that flexibility.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Given the improvements in weather forecasting science and California’s propensity for drought, many say it’s a change whose time has come.\u003c/p>\n\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>",
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"disqusTitle": "Marin County Reservoirs in the Drought of 2014 -- A Video Essay",
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"content": "\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_128560\" class=\"wp-caption alignnone\" style=\"max-width: 640px\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2014/03/kent-lake-3.gif\">\u003cimg class=\"size-full wp-image-128560\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2014/03/kent-lake-3.gif\" alt=\"A small trickle of water flows from a pipe into the mostly dry spillway below Kent Lake (Mark Andrew Boyer / KQED)\" width=\"640\" height=\"360\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">A small trickle of water flows from a pipe into the mostly dry spillway below Kent Lake. (Mark Andrew Boyer/KQED)\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan style=\"font-size: 4.6875em;float: left;line-height: 0.733em;padding: 0.05em 0.1em 0 0;font-family: times, serif, georgia\">A\u003c/span>s we said \u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/news/2014/03/04/now-its-time-for-the-other-kind-of-california-drought/\" target=\"_blank\">earlier this week\u003c/a>, California's drought has entered the \"what drought?\" phase. After a few weeks of rain, much of the Bay Area looks like it might during any other winter, never mind that we just came through the driest 13 months since people began keeping precipitation records in this part of the world. The crisis everyone says we're in — to some extent it just doesn't look or feel real.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Take the Marin Municipal Water District as an example. At the beginning of February, its seven reservoirs were, collectively, just half-full. In the last five weeks, about two feet of rain has fallen at the district's Lake Lagunitas. Reservoir levels have risen to 74 percent of capacity. The district \u003ca href=\"http://www.marinwater.org/318/Drought-Information\" target=\"_blank\">now says\u003c/a> it believes it can make it through to next winter without mandatory rationing. And with reservoirs still well below average and the end of the rainy season approaching, the district cautions customers they're not out of the drought \"danger zone\" yet.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>KQED News photographer Mark Andrew Boyer visited two of the district's biggest reservoirs, Kent Lake and Nicasio Reservoir, this week and brought back these brief video portraits of conditions there. \u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_128561\" class=\"wp-caption alignnone\" style=\"max-width: 640px\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2014/03/kent-lake-4.gif\">\u003cimg class=\"size-full wp-image-128561\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2014/03/kent-lake-4.gif\" alt=\"Plants blow in the wind above Kent Lake (Mark Andrew Boyer / KQED)\" width=\"640\" height=\"360\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Plants blow in the wind above Kent Lake. (Mark Andrew Boyer/KQED)\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_128558\" class=\"wp-caption alignnone\" style=\"max-width: 640px\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2014/03/kent-lake-2.gif\">\u003cimg class=\"size-full wp-image-128558\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2014/03/kent-lake-2.gif\" alt=\"Water trickles from a pipe leading to Kent Lake (Mark Andrew Boyer / KQED)\" width=\"640\" height=\"360\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Water trickles from a pipe leading to Kent Lake. (Mark Andrew Boyer/KQED)\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_128555\" class=\"wp-caption alignnone\" style=\"max-width: 640px\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2014/03/kent-lake-1.gif\">\u003cimg class=\"size-full wp-image-128555\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2014/03/kent-lake-1.gif\" alt=\"A steady cascade of water is released below Peters Dam (Mark Andrew Boyer / KQED)\" width=\"640\" height=\"360\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">A steady cascade of water is released below Peters Dam. (Mark Andrew Boyer/KQED)\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_128562\" class=\"wp-caption alignnone\" style=\"max-width: 640px\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2014/03/Nicasio-lake-1.gif\">\u003cimg class=\"size-full wp-image-128562\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2014/03/Nicasio-lake-1.gif\" alt=\"Rain clouds collect over Nicasio Reservoir (Mark Andrew Boyer / KQED)\" width=\"640\" height=\"360\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Rain clouds collect over Nicasio Reservoir. (Mark Andrew Boyer/KQED)\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_128566\" class=\"wp-caption alignnone\" style=\"max-width: 640px\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2014/03/nicasio-lake4.gif\">\u003cimg class=\"size-full wp-image-128566\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2014/03/nicasio-lake4.gif\" alt=\"Water laps on the northwest shore of Nicasio Reservoir (Mark Andrew Boyer / KQED)\" width=\"640\" height=\"360\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Water laps on the northwest shore of Nicasio Reservoir. (Mark Andrew Boyer/KQED)\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_128560\" class=\"wp-caption alignnone\" style=\"max-width: 640px\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2014/03/kent-lake-3.gif\">\u003cimg class=\"size-full wp-image-128560\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2014/03/kent-lake-3.gif\" alt=\"A small trickle of water flows from a pipe into the mostly dry spillway below Kent Lake (Mark Andrew Boyer / KQED)\" width=\"640\" height=\"360\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">A small trickle of water flows from a pipe into the mostly dry spillway below Kent Lake. (Mark Andrew Boyer/KQED)\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan style=\"font-size: 4.6875em;float: left;line-height: 0.733em;padding: 0.05em 0.1em 0 0;font-family: times, serif, georgia\">A\u003c/span>s we said \u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/news/2014/03/04/now-its-time-for-the-other-kind-of-california-drought/\" target=\"_blank\">earlier this week\u003c/a>, California's drought has entered the \"what drought?\" phase. After a few weeks of rain, much of the Bay Area looks like it might during any other winter, never mind that we just came through the driest 13 months since people began keeping precipitation records in this part of the world. The crisis everyone says we're in — to some extent it just doesn't look or feel real.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Take the Marin Municipal Water District as an example. At the beginning of February, its seven reservoirs were, collectively, just half-full. In the last five weeks, about two feet of rain has fallen at the district's Lake Lagunitas. Reservoir levels have risen to 74 percent of capacity. The district \u003ca href=\"http://www.marinwater.org/318/Drought-Information\" target=\"_blank\">now says\u003c/a> it believes it can make it through to next winter without mandatory rationing. And with reservoirs still well below average and the end of the rainy season approaching, the district cautions customers they're not out of the drought \"danger zone\" yet.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>KQED News photographer Mark Andrew Boyer visited two of the district's biggest reservoirs, Kent Lake and Nicasio Reservoir, this week and brought back these brief video portraits of conditions there. \u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_128561\" class=\"wp-caption alignnone\" style=\"max-width: 640px\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2014/03/kent-lake-4.gif\">\u003cimg class=\"size-full wp-image-128561\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2014/03/kent-lake-4.gif\" alt=\"Plants blow in the wind above Kent Lake (Mark Andrew Boyer / KQED)\" width=\"640\" height=\"360\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Plants blow in the wind above Kent Lake. (Mark Andrew Boyer/KQED)\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_128558\" class=\"wp-caption alignnone\" style=\"max-width: 640px\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2014/03/kent-lake-2.gif\">\u003cimg class=\"size-full wp-image-128558\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2014/03/kent-lake-2.gif\" alt=\"Water trickles from a pipe leading to Kent Lake (Mark Andrew Boyer / KQED)\" width=\"640\" height=\"360\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Water trickles from a pipe leading to Kent Lake. (Mark Andrew Boyer/KQED)\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_128555\" class=\"wp-caption alignnone\" style=\"max-width: 640px\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2014/03/kent-lake-1.gif\">\u003cimg class=\"size-full wp-image-128555\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2014/03/kent-lake-1.gif\" alt=\"A steady cascade of water is released below Peters Dam (Mark Andrew Boyer / KQED)\" width=\"640\" height=\"360\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">A steady cascade of water is released below Peters Dam. (Mark Andrew Boyer/KQED)\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_128562\" class=\"wp-caption alignnone\" style=\"max-width: 640px\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2014/03/Nicasio-lake-1.gif\">\u003cimg class=\"size-full wp-image-128562\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2014/03/Nicasio-lake-1.gif\" alt=\"Rain clouds collect over Nicasio Reservoir (Mark Andrew Boyer / KQED)\" width=\"640\" height=\"360\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Rain clouds collect over Nicasio Reservoir. (Mark Andrew Boyer/KQED)\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_128566\" class=\"wp-caption alignnone\" style=\"max-width: 640px\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2014/03/nicasio-lake4.gif\">\u003cimg class=\"size-full wp-image-128566\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2014/03/nicasio-lake4.gif\" alt=\"Water laps on the northwest shore of Nicasio Reservoir (Mark Andrew Boyer / KQED)\" width=\"640\" height=\"360\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Water laps on the northwest shore of Nicasio Reservoir. (Mark Andrew Boyer/KQED)\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"title": "What We Know -- And Don't Know -- About the Sea Star Die-Off",
"headTitle": "What We Know — And Don’t Know — About the Sea Star Die-Off | KQED",
"content": "\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_15083\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 573px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\" wp-image-15083 \" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2014/03/1024px-Expl1080_-_Flickr_-_NOAA_Photo_Library.jpg\" alt=\"orange sunflower starfish\" width=\"573\" height=\"430\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">The predatory sunflower starfish, Pycnopodia helianthoides, is one of the species dying from sea star wasting disease. (Ed Bowlby/NOAA, Olympic Coast NMS)\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Since last summer, scientists and tidepoolers \u003ca href=\"http://data.piscoweb.org/marine1/seastardisease.html\">up and down the Pacific Coast\u003c/a> have noticed starfish dying in startling numbers. Some observers have documented sea star bodies turning to mush, others described the creatures disintegrating, while others found stars that lost their limbs and color. The name of this phenomenon: “\u003ca href=\"http://www.eeb.ucsc.edu/pacificrockyintertidal/data-products/sea-star-wasting/\">sea star wasting disease\u003c/a>.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Scientists don’t know how many starfish have died so far. Pete Raimondi, chair of the Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology at University of California, Santa Cruz, says it could be in the millions. One particularly hard-hit species, the sunflower starfish, has “pretty much disappeared,” Raimondi said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Raimondi and Benjamin Miner, professor of marine biology at Western Washington University, spoke on \u003ca href=\"http://www.kqed.org/a/forum/R201403050930\">Forum\u003c/a> about the latest outbreak of this mysterious disease. While similar die-offs have happened before, scientists are flummoxed about the cause.\u003c/p>\n\u003caside class=\"pullquote alignleft\">‘The patterns that we’re seeing make it especially perplexing, because we’ve seen major die-offs in regions that are geographically separated.’\u003c/aside>\n\u003cp>Why is the wasting disease so difficult to nail down? In short, its pervasiveness.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>According to Raimondi, researchers studying the problem are leaning toward the theory that “it may be a pathogen of some sort that is distributed through ocean currents or other oceanographic forcing.” Still, there is no scientific consensus on that and neither Raimondi nor Miner is willing to stake a claim on a singular theory.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“The patterns that we’re seeing make it especially perplexing because we’ve seen major die-offs in regions that are geographically separated,” Miner said. “For example, Santa Barbara, Monterey, the Seattle area, British Columbia and the Vancouver area. And then some areas in between those appear quite healthy. So the locations, in addition to the fact that it’s affecting many species, some of them rather distantly related among sea stars, makes it really challenging.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Miner said that, so far, a natural occurrence is the most likely explanation. There is one tantalizing clue. All of the three major starfish die-offs in the past 40 years—the late 1970s, 1983-84 and 1997-98—were \u003cem>associated with\u003c/em> a warm water event. They were not necessarily \u003cem>caused by\u003c/em> a warm water event, however.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[contextly_sidebar id=”a37a3e7aa97fa0bfe78982b26eaf6597″]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>It could be that warm water coming up from the south carried a pathogen, Raimondi said. Or “it could have been a local species that went rogue, essentially, during those warm water events.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>With the source of sea star wasting disease unclear it would be easy to dismiss the phenomenon as one huge mystery. But in truth, scientists do know a fair amount about the disease, including what is not causing it.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong style=\"font-size: 13px\">What Is Not Causing the Die-Off\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In case you’re already pondering some of the following theories, Raimondi suggests you discard them.\u003c/p>\n\u003cul>\n\u003cli>Plastic pollution: “We’re talking about completely pristine areas to completely degraded areas, and we don’t see any pattern that is suggestive of (plastics).”\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>Ocean acidification: “What we’ve seen with respect to ocean acidification is that there are local areas which can be affected, but we don’t see any broad pattern of it.”\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>Fukushima radiation: “The trajectory that has been proposed with respect to the distribution of any of the debris really doesn’t come very far south. And with respect to the radiation, that wouldn’t have arrived here yet. Also, just the distribution of the disease and apparent lack of the disease in other areas, really doesn’t lend itself to (a Fukushima link).”\u003c/li>\n\u003c/ul>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>A Climate Change Connection Can Neither Be Confirmed Nor Ruled Out\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Although climate change is warming the ocean overall, the ocean along the West Coast has been in a cool period, Raimondi said, since the 1997-98 El Niño. “The water’s been cool,” he said. “There may be local warming areas but in general it’s been a cool phase and so it doesn’t appear that this (die-off) is related to any general climate-related warming.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>That doesn’t, however, rule out some sort of climate change connection, he said, for example, ocean currents may be moving in different directions.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>And Miner adds that climate change could, say, be suppressing sea stars’ immune systems and making them more susceptible to a lethal pathogen.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"http://www.pbs.org/newshour/bb/mysterious-epidemic-devastates-starfish-population-pacific-coast/\">PBS NewsHour\u003c/a> had a segment on seastar wasting disease earlier this year, including underwater video of the effects of the disease:\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=2_I_B6U0GtI\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>There Is Hope\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>None of the species affected by the previous die-offs is extinct and most have recovered, albeit slowly. “I don’t think anyone at this point is thinking that this system is not going to recover as well,” said Raimondi.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>One of the reasons for Raimondi’s optimism has to do with the life cycle of sea star larvae. Most of the affected species have long-living larvae that can survive the travel to unaffected sections of the coast, where they can populate new areas.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>And not all species are affected in the same way by the wasting disease. Bat stars, which seem not to be negatively affected by the disease, are actually thriving because they’re able to feast on the bodies of other dead sea stars. Giant sea stars have been relatively resistant to it too.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_15085\" class=\"wp-caption alignright\" style=\"max-width: 614px\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2014/03/Steve-Corey-Flickr.jpg\" rel=\"attachment wp-att-15085\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\" wp-image-15085 \" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2014/03/Steve-Corey-Flickr.jpg\" alt=\"bat star\" width=\"614\" height=\"411\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">The bat star or Patiria miniata feasts on the carcusses of other sea stars that dying from sea star wasting disease. (Steve Corey/\u003ca href=\"http://www.flickr.com/photos/22016744@N06/3281278891/in/photolist-5ZXpTZ-a6mvyY-adL8ou-dASYpg-a8i48w-545zdG-2fCxG1-aoWdjj-6fMyed-5YBpqj-8AeGD9-5isrgr-3ccvM2-6fHphM-9cA4xa-8XMHtL-AC49D-aetZNu-tmVUo-aLok2D-8oSPuV-21yrn-s8SyL-a9xtMH-fjxFhU-9AASdo-s8Ss1-a9xuvK-s8TfU-BUyrc-s8TtH-3JGxnb-s8SYa-b52tB-a4ja86-a4n1KG-s8Tay-ah45Wa-5YxbDi-38KRpW-cooZJ7-jcekot-LDGby-PcW7J-s8SEw-s8T6b-9cDqWb-7vzRWv-21ytJ-a9AgqL-ah45GZ\">Flickr\u003c/a>)\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>What We See on Shore Is Only a Small Part of the Problem\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Sea stars in tidepool systems and subtidal systems (basically, areas that are always under water, even during low tide) are both suffering from the wasting disease. But Raimondi says the subtidal systems are more affected. This makes gathering accurate data difficult because scientists have limited access to underwater locations and most citizen-scientists who may report their observations encounter starfish in tidepools.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad floatright]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Raimondi and Miner encouraged beach goers, fishermen and divers to share their observations—whether on shore or out in the water at \u003ca href=\"http://www.eeb.ucsc.edu/pacificrockyintertidal/data-products/sea-star-wasting/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">seastarwasting.org\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\n",
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"excerpt": "Starfish on the West Coast have been dying in startling numbers. Some observers have documented sea star bodies turning to mush, others described the creatures disintegrating. It's \"sea star wasting disease,\" and scientists don't know what causes it. ",
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"description": "Starfish on the West Coast have been dying in startling numbers. Some observers have documented sea star bodies turning to mush, others described the creatures disintegrating. It's "sea star wasting disease," and scientists don't know what causes it. ",
"title": "What We Know -- And Don't Know -- About the Sea Star Die-Off | KQED",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_15083\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 573px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\" wp-image-15083 \" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2014/03/1024px-Expl1080_-_Flickr_-_NOAA_Photo_Library.jpg\" alt=\"orange sunflower starfish\" width=\"573\" height=\"430\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">The predatory sunflower starfish, Pycnopodia helianthoides, is one of the species dying from sea star wasting disease. (Ed Bowlby/NOAA, Olympic Coast NMS)\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Since last summer, scientists and tidepoolers \u003ca href=\"http://data.piscoweb.org/marine1/seastardisease.html\">up and down the Pacific Coast\u003c/a> have noticed starfish dying in startling numbers. Some observers have documented sea star bodies turning to mush, others described the creatures disintegrating, while others found stars that lost their limbs and color. The name of this phenomenon: “\u003ca href=\"http://www.eeb.ucsc.edu/pacificrockyintertidal/data-products/sea-star-wasting/\">sea star wasting disease\u003c/a>.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Scientists don’t know how many starfish have died so far. Pete Raimondi, chair of the Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology at University of California, Santa Cruz, says it could be in the millions. One particularly hard-hit species, the sunflower starfish, has “pretty much disappeared,” Raimondi said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Raimondi and Benjamin Miner, professor of marine biology at Western Washington University, spoke on \u003ca href=\"http://www.kqed.org/a/forum/R201403050930\">Forum\u003c/a> about the latest outbreak of this mysterious disease. While similar die-offs have happened before, scientists are flummoxed about the cause.\u003c/p>\n\u003caside class=\"pullquote alignleft\">‘The patterns that we’re seeing make it especially perplexing, because we’ve seen major die-offs in regions that are geographically separated.’\u003c/aside>\n\u003cp>Why is the wasting disease so difficult to nail down? In short, its pervasiveness.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>According to Raimondi, researchers studying the problem are leaning toward the theory that “it may be a pathogen of some sort that is distributed through ocean currents or other oceanographic forcing.” Still, there is no scientific consensus on that and neither Raimondi nor Miner is willing to stake a claim on a singular theory.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“The patterns that we’re seeing make it especially perplexing because we’ve seen major die-offs in regions that are geographically separated,” Miner said. “For example, Santa Barbara, Monterey, the Seattle area, British Columbia and the Vancouver area. And then some areas in between those appear quite healthy. So the locations, in addition to the fact that it’s affecting many species, some of them rather distantly related among sea stars, makes it really challenging.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Miner said that, so far, a natural occurrence is the most likely explanation. There is one tantalizing clue. All of the three major starfish die-offs in the past 40 years—the late 1970s, 1983-84 and 1997-98—were \u003cem>associated with\u003c/em> a warm water event. They were not necessarily \u003cem>caused by\u003c/em> a warm water event, however.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>It could be that warm water coming up from the south carried a pathogen, Raimondi said. Or “it could have been a local species that went rogue, essentially, during those warm water events.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>With the source of sea star wasting disease unclear it would be easy to dismiss the phenomenon as one huge mystery. But in truth, scientists do know a fair amount about the disease, including what is not causing it.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong style=\"font-size: 13px\">What Is Not Causing the Die-Off\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In case you’re already pondering some of the following theories, Raimondi suggests you discard them.\u003c/p>\n\u003cul>\n\u003cli>Plastic pollution: “We’re talking about completely pristine areas to completely degraded areas, and we don’t see any pattern that is suggestive of (plastics).”\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>Ocean acidification: “What we’ve seen with respect to ocean acidification is that there are local areas which can be affected, but we don’t see any broad pattern of it.”\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>Fukushima radiation: “The trajectory that has been proposed with respect to the distribution of any of the debris really doesn’t come very far south. And with respect to the radiation, that wouldn’t have arrived here yet. Also, just the distribution of the disease and apparent lack of the disease in other areas, really doesn’t lend itself to (a Fukushima link).”\u003c/li>\n\u003c/ul>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>A Climate Change Connection Can Neither Be Confirmed Nor Ruled Out\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Although climate change is warming the ocean overall, the ocean along the West Coast has been in a cool period, Raimondi said, since the 1997-98 El Niño. “The water’s been cool,” he said. “There may be local warming areas but in general it’s been a cool phase and so it doesn’t appear that this (die-off) is related to any general climate-related warming.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>That doesn’t, however, rule out some sort of climate change connection, he said, for example, ocean currents may be moving in different directions.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>And Miner adds that climate change could, say, be suppressing sea stars’ immune systems and making them more susceptible to a lethal pathogen.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"http://www.pbs.org/newshour/bb/mysterious-epidemic-devastates-starfish-population-pacific-coast/\">PBS NewsHour\u003c/a> had a segment on seastar wasting disease earlier this year, including underwater video of the effects of the disease:\u003c/p>\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003cspan class='utils-parseShortcode-shortcodes-__youtubeShortcode__embedYoutube'>\n \u003cspan class='utils-parseShortcode-shortcodes-__youtubeShortcode__embedYoutubeInside'>\n \u003ciframe\n loading='lazy'\n class='utils-parseShortcode-shortcodes-__youtubeShortcode__youtubePlayer'\n type='text/html'\n src='//www.youtube.com/embed/2_I_B6U0GtI'\n title='//www.youtube.com/embed/2_I_B6U0GtI'\n allowfullscreen='true'\n style='border:0;'>\u003c/iframe>\n \u003c/span>\n \u003c/span>\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003cp>\u003cstrong>There Is Hope\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>None of the species affected by the previous die-offs is extinct and most have recovered, albeit slowly. “I don’t think anyone at this point is thinking that this system is not going to recover as well,” said Raimondi.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>One of the reasons for Raimondi’s optimism has to do with the life cycle of sea star larvae. Most of the affected species have long-living larvae that can survive the travel to unaffected sections of the coast, where they can populate new areas.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>And not all species are affected in the same way by the wasting disease. Bat stars, which seem not to be negatively affected by the disease, are actually thriving because they’re able to feast on the bodies of other dead sea stars. Giant sea stars have been relatively resistant to it too.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_15085\" class=\"wp-caption alignright\" style=\"max-width: 614px\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2014/03/Steve-Corey-Flickr.jpg\" rel=\"attachment wp-att-15085\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\" wp-image-15085 \" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2014/03/Steve-Corey-Flickr.jpg\" alt=\"bat star\" width=\"614\" height=\"411\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">The bat star or Patiria miniata feasts on the carcusses of other sea stars that dying from sea star wasting disease. (Steve Corey/\u003ca href=\"http://www.flickr.com/photos/22016744@N06/3281278891/in/photolist-5ZXpTZ-a6mvyY-adL8ou-dASYpg-a8i48w-545zdG-2fCxG1-aoWdjj-6fMyed-5YBpqj-8AeGD9-5isrgr-3ccvM2-6fHphM-9cA4xa-8XMHtL-AC49D-aetZNu-tmVUo-aLok2D-8oSPuV-21yrn-s8SyL-a9xtMH-fjxFhU-9AASdo-s8Ss1-a9xuvK-s8TfU-BUyrc-s8TtH-3JGxnb-s8SYa-b52tB-a4ja86-a4n1KG-s8Tay-ah45Wa-5YxbDi-38KRpW-cooZJ7-jcekot-LDGby-PcW7J-s8SEw-s8T6b-9cDqWb-7vzRWv-21ytJ-a9AgqL-ah45GZ\">Flickr\u003c/a>)\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>What We See on Shore Is Only a Small Part of the Problem\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Sea stars in tidepool systems and subtidal systems (basically, areas that are always under water, even during low tide) are both suffering from the wasting disease. But Raimondi says the subtidal systems are more affected. This makes gathering accurate data difficult because scientists have limited access to underwater locations and most citizen-scientists who may report their observations encounter starfish in tidepools.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Raimondi and Miner encouraged beach goers, fishermen and divers to share their observations—whether on shore or out in the water at \u003ca href=\"http://www.eeb.ucsc.edu/pacificrockyintertidal/data-products/sea-star-wasting/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">seastarwasting.org\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>",
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"disqusTitle": "San Jose's New Plant Transforms Sewage Into 'Really Clean' Water",
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"content": "\u003cp>\u003ciframe src=\"//www.youtube.com/embed/aBthmWEXO9g\" frameborder=\"0\" width=\"640\" height=\"360\">\u003c/iframe>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>By Sheraz Sadiq and Olivia Hubert-Allen \u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>As California’s drought continues, cities across the state are bracing for what could be a very challenging year for the water supply.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Even before Gov. Jerry Brown \u003ca href=\"http://gov.ca.gov/news.php?id=18368\">officially declared\u003c/a> the drought a state of emergency in January, current systems were maxed out, leaving little flexibility to handle the needs of farmers, ranchers or other big water consumers.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[contextly_sidebar id=\"fe6d9209aa88bf060fc5ef4cd416ff51\"]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Meanwhile, some parts of the state, including Santa Clara County – the state's fastest-growing county – have been investing in water-recycling technology. The Santa Clara Valley Water District wants to double the amount of recycled water it uses to 10 percent by 2025. So the water district and San Jose are finishing work on a $68 million \u003ca href=\"http://www.valleywater.org/SVAWPC.aspx\">Silicon Valley Advanced Water Purification Center\u003c/a>. When it opens in May or June, it will be the largest water-recycling facility in Northern California, capable of purifying up to 8 million gallons of sewage water a day.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>What makes this plant special is the water it produces is really, \u003cem>really\u003c/em> clean. Engineers say it is even cleaner than what Santa Clara County residents drink today.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"We hear communities throughout California, throughout the United States and throughout the world talking about becoming energy independent,\" says Kerrie Romanow, San Jose's environmental services director. \"Here in Silicon Valley, we’re not only talking about being energy independent but we are also talking about being water independent. And really squeezing the last drop out of every opportunity that we have in our water world.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The plant turns treated sewage water into purified water through a \u003ca href=\"http://science.kqed.org/quest/audio/toilet-to-tap/\" target=\"_blank\">three-step process\u003c/a>: microfiltration, reverse osmosis and ultraviolet disinfection. This technology has been used successfully in places like Singapore and also in Orange County, which has the largest water-recycling plant in the nation.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>For now, this ultra-clean recycled water will be blended with the existing recycled water supply that is already being used for things like irrigating lawns and cooling power plants in San Jose and neighboring communities. But one day, it may flow from taps as a sustainable source of water safely recycled for drinking.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>For more on how the water is cleaned, read our earlier report \u003ca href=\"http://science.kqed.org/quest/audio/toilet-to-tap/\" target=\"_blank\">\"Water Recycling Comes Of Age In Silicon Valley.\"\u003c/a>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>KQED NEWSROOM is a weekly news magazine program on television, radio and online. Watch Fridays at 8 p.m. on KQED Public Television 9, listen on Sundays at 6 p.m. on KQED Public Radio 88.5 FM and watch on demand here.\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\n",
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"slug": "san-joses-new-plant-transforms-sewage-into-really-clean-water",
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"customPermalink": "2014/03/06/san-joses-recycled-water-plant-will-provide-pristine-water/",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>\u003ciframe src=\"//www.youtube.com/embed/aBthmWEXO9g\" frameborder=\"0\" width=\"640\" height=\"360\">\u003c/iframe>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>By Sheraz Sadiq and Olivia Hubert-Allen \u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>As California’s drought continues, cities across the state are bracing for what could be a very challenging year for the water supply.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Even before Gov. Jerry Brown \u003ca href=\"http://gov.ca.gov/news.php?id=18368\">officially declared\u003c/a> the drought a state of emergency in January, current systems were maxed out, leaving little flexibility to handle the needs of farmers, ranchers or other big water consumers.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Meanwhile, some parts of the state, including Santa Clara County – the state's fastest-growing county – have been investing in water-recycling technology. The Santa Clara Valley Water District wants to double the amount of recycled water it uses to 10 percent by 2025. So the water district and San Jose are finishing work on a $68 million \u003ca href=\"http://www.valleywater.org/SVAWPC.aspx\">Silicon Valley Advanced Water Purification Center\u003c/a>. When it opens in May or June, it will be the largest water-recycling facility in Northern California, capable of purifying up to 8 million gallons of sewage water a day.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>What makes this plant special is the water it produces is really, \u003cem>really\u003c/em> clean. Engineers say it is even cleaner than what Santa Clara County residents drink today.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"We hear communities throughout California, throughout the United States and throughout the world talking about becoming energy independent,\" says Kerrie Romanow, San Jose's environmental services director. \"Here in Silicon Valley, we’re not only talking about being energy independent but we are also talking about being water independent. And really squeezing the last drop out of every opportunity that we have in our water world.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The plant turns treated sewage water into purified water through a \u003ca href=\"http://science.kqed.org/quest/audio/toilet-to-tap/\" target=\"_blank\">three-step process\u003c/a>: microfiltration, reverse osmosis and ultraviolet disinfection. This technology has been used successfully in places like Singapore and also in Orange County, which has the largest water-recycling plant in the nation.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>For now, this ultra-clean recycled water will be blended with the existing recycled water supply that is already being used for things like irrigating lawns and cooling power plants in San Jose and neighboring communities. But one day, it may flow from taps as a sustainable source of water safely recycled for drinking.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>For more on how the water is cleaned, read our earlier report \u003ca href=\"http://science.kqed.org/quest/audio/toilet-to-tap/\" target=\"_blank\">\"Water Recycling Comes Of Age In Silicon Valley.\"\u003c/a>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>KQED NEWSROOM is a weekly news magazine program on television, radio and online. Watch Fridays at 8 p.m. on KQED Public Television 9, listen on Sundays at 6 p.m. on KQED Public Radio 88.5 FM and watch on demand here.\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>",
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"info": "Possible is hosted by entrepreneur Reid Hoffman and writer Aria Finger. Together in Possible, Hoffman and Finger lead enlightening discussions about building a brighter collective future. The show features interviews with visionary guests like Trevor Noah, Sam Altman and Janette Sadik-Khan. Possible paints an optimistic portrait of the world we can create through science, policy, business, art and our shared humanity. It asks: What if everything goes right for once? How can we get there? Each episode also includes a short fiction story generated by advanced AI GPT-4, serving as a thought-provoking springboard to speculate how humanity could leverage technology for good.",
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"soldout": {
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"title": "SOLD OUT: Rethinking Housing in America",
"tagline": "A new future for housing",
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