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"content": "\u003cp>California is sinking – and fast. While the state’s drought-induced sinking is well known, new details highlight just how severe it has become and how little the government has done to monitor it.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Last summer, scientists recorded the worst sinking in at least 50 years. This summer, all-time records are expected across the state as thousands of miles of land in the Central Valley and elsewhere sink.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[soundcloud url=\"https://api.soundcloud.com/tracks/208939130\" params=\"color=ff5500&auto_play=false&hide_related=false&show_comments=true&show_user=true&show_reposts=false\" width=\"100%\" height=\"166\" iframe=\"true\" /]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But the extent of the problem and how much it will cost taxpayers to fix are part of the mystery of the state’s unfolding drought. No agency is tracking the sinking statewide, little public money has been put toward studying it and California allows agriculture businesses to keep crucial parts of their operations secret.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The cause is known. People are pulling unsustainable amounts of water out of underground aquifers, primarily for food production. With the water sucked out to irrigate crops, a practice that has accelerated during the drought, tens of thousands of square miles are deflating like a leaky air mattress, inch by inch.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>\u003cem>\u003ca href=\"https://www.revealnews.org/article/california-is-sinking-and-its-getting-worse/\">Read the full story via The Center for Investigative Reporting\u003c/a>\u003c/em>\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\n",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>California is sinking – and fast. While the state’s drought-induced sinking is well known, new details highlight just how severe it has become and how little the government has done to monitor it.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Last summer, scientists recorded the worst sinking in at least 50 years. This summer, all-time records are expected across the state as thousands of miles of land in the Central Valley and elsewhere sink.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003cdiv class='utils-parseShortcode-shortcodes-__shortcodes__shortcodeWrapper'>\n \u003ciframe width='100%' height='166'\n scrolling='no' frameborder='no'\n src='https://w.soundcloud.com/player/?url=https://api.soundcloud.com/tracks/208939130&visual=true&color=ff5500&auto_play=false&hide_related=false&show_comments=true&show_user=true&show_reposts=false'\n title='https://api.soundcloud.com/tracks/208939130'>\n \u003c/iframe>\n \u003c/div>\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But the extent of the problem and how much it will cost taxpayers to fix are part of the mystery of the state’s unfolding drought. No agency is tracking the sinking statewide, little public money has been put toward studying it and California allows agriculture businesses to keep crucial parts of their operations secret.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The cause is known. People are pulling unsustainable amounts of water out of underground aquifers, primarily for food production. With the water sucked out to irrigate crops, a practice that has accelerated during the drought, tens of thousands of square miles are deflating like a leaky air mattress, inch by inch.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cp>LOS ANGELES — Two weeks before an oil pipeline rupture spilled over 100,000 gallons of crude oil on the Santa Barbara coast, a test was run that would reveal serious wear in that stretch of corroded pipe.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The preliminary results showed the pipe had lost nearly half the metal near the section that eventually broke. But federal regulators said this week that corrosion had worn the line down more than 80 percent.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The new finding does not pinpoint the cause of the May 19 rupture, but it exposes possible shortcomings with the technology used to gauge pipe reliability and with those who analyze the results.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[soundcloud url=\"https://api.soundcloud.com/tracks/208963755\" params=\"color=ff5500&auto_play=false&hide_related=false&show_comments=true&show_user=true&show_reposts=false\" width=\"100%\" height=\"166\" iframe=\"true\" /]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Whether a more accurate test could have prevented the spill seems unlikely because Plains All American Pipeline, which operates the pipe, said it had not received the results at the time of the spill. It typically takes several weeks to analyze data from high-tech instruments that can gauge the thickness of pipe walls, detect cracks and measure internal and external corrosion.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The instrument known as a smart pig, however, has limits.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"The smart pig term is an oxymoron,\" said Robert Bea, civil engineering professor emeritus at the University of California, Berkeley, who has worked three decades with the pipeline industry. \"As you may guess, the primary weaknesses show up in the human interpretation. They're only as smart as the people who are interpreting the signals.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Between the analysis of the smart pig data and decision-making based on those results, such as whether a company should repair or replace compromised sections of pipe, human error accounts for 80 percent of breakdowns, Bea said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In one study Bea conducted, a man interpreting test results missed a defect and the pipe later failed under pressure. The day before he analyzed the results, the man's wife had told him she was leaving him.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"His mind was elsewhere,\" Bea said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The Pipeline and Hazardous Materials Safety Administration offered no explanation for the vast differences between the preliminary finding from May 5 that the pipe wall lost 45 percent of its metal and what inspectors learned when they looked at the pipe and found it was worn down to 1/16 of an inch in the area of the 6-inch-long break on the bottom of the pipe.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>That discrepancy surprised Bea and other experts, and Plains officials noted it in a statement.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The company said it was committed to working with federal investigators \"to understand the differences between these preliminary findings, to determine why the corrosion developed and to determine the cause of the incident.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Federal, state and local prosecutors are investigating the spill. California Attorney General Kamala Harris said Thursday during a tour of the site that she was troubled by the latest report and criminal charges were possible.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Plains has no timetable for restarting the line and has not provided an estimate for cleanup costs to date. It has apologized for the spill that has soiled 60 miles of scenic coastline and said it would bear all costs. A commercial fisherman has filed a federal lawsuit seeking class-action certification for affected businesses.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[The Los Angeles Times \u003ca href=\"http://www.latimes.com/local/california/la-me-0605-me-oil-trucks-20150605-story.html\" target=\"_blank\">reported Friday\u003c/a> that Exxon, which uses the pipeline to move crude oil along the coast from offshore platforms, is seeking permission to use tanker trucks to transport petroleum to refineries.]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The nearly 11-mile pipeline runs through a coastal area with conditions known to cause accelerated corrosion. The villains are salt and moisture from the nearby Pacific Ocean, which can mix with soil.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The rate of corrosion is also influenced by temperature — the hotter the conditions, generally the greater likelihood of corrosion. 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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>LOS ANGELES — Two weeks before an oil pipeline rupture spilled over 100,000 gallons of crude oil on the Santa Barbara coast, a test was run that would reveal serious wear in that stretch of corroded pipe.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The preliminary results showed the pipe had lost nearly half the metal near the section that eventually broke. But federal regulators said this week that corrosion had worn the line down more than 80 percent.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The new finding does not pinpoint the cause of the May 19 rupture, but it exposes possible shortcomings with the technology used to gauge pipe reliability and with those who analyze the results.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003cdiv class='utils-parseShortcode-shortcodes-__shortcodes__shortcodeWrapper'>\n \u003ciframe width='100%' height='166'\n scrolling='no' frameborder='no'\n src='https://w.soundcloud.com/player/?url=https://api.soundcloud.com/tracks/208963755&visual=true&color=ff5500&auto_play=false&hide_related=false&show_comments=true&show_user=true&show_reposts=false'\n title='https://api.soundcloud.com/tracks/208963755'>\n \u003c/iframe>\n \u003c/div>\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Whether a more accurate test could have prevented the spill seems unlikely because Plains All American Pipeline, which operates the pipe, said it had not received the results at the time of the spill. It typically takes several weeks to analyze data from high-tech instruments that can gauge the thickness of pipe walls, detect cracks and measure internal and external corrosion.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The instrument known as a smart pig, however, has limits.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"The smart pig term is an oxymoron,\" said Robert Bea, civil engineering professor emeritus at the University of California, Berkeley, who has worked three decades with the pipeline industry. \"As you may guess, the primary weaknesses show up in the human interpretation. They're only as smart as the people who are interpreting the signals.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Between the analysis of the smart pig data and decision-making based on those results, such as whether a company should repair or replace compromised sections of pipe, human error accounts for 80 percent of breakdowns, Bea said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In one study Bea conducted, a man interpreting test results missed a defect and the pipe later failed under pressure. The day before he analyzed the results, the man's wife had told him she was leaving him.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"His mind was elsewhere,\" Bea said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The Pipeline and Hazardous Materials Safety Administration offered no explanation for the vast differences between the preliminary finding from May 5 that the pipe wall lost 45 percent of its metal and what inspectors learned when they looked at the pipe and found it was worn down to 1/16 of an inch in the area of the 6-inch-long break on the bottom of the pipe.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>That discrepancy surprised Bea and other experts, and Plains officials noted it in a statement.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The company said it was committed to working with federal investigators \"to understand the differences between these preliminary findings, to determine why the corrosion developed and to determine the cause of the incident.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Federal, state and local prosecutors are investigating the spill. California Attorney General Kamala Harris said Thursday during a tour of the site that she was troubled by the latest report and criminal charges were possible.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Plains has no timetable for restarting the line and has not provided an estimate for cleanup costs to date. It has apologized for the spill that has soiled 60 miles of scenic coastline and said it would bear all costs. A commercial fisherman has filed a federal lawsuit seeking class-action certification for affected businesses.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[The Los Angeles Times \u003ca href=\"http://www.latimes.com/local/california/la-me-0605-me-oil-trucks-20150605-story.html\" target=\"_blank\">reported Friday\u003c/a> that Exxon, which uses the pipeline to move crude oil along the coast from offshore platforms, is seeking permission to use tanker trucks to transport petroleum to refineries.]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The nearly 11-mile pipeline runs through a coastal area with conditions known to cause accelerated corrosion. The villains are salt and moisture from the nearby Pacific Ocean, which can mix with soil.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The rate of corrosion is also influenced by temperature — the hotter the conditions, generally the greater likelihood of corrosion. The insulated pipeline operated at up to 120 degrees.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Temperatures in that range can also cause challenges for a key strategy to ward off corrosion, known as cathodic protection, a low-level electric current that is run through the pipeline.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>A stronger level would be needed to offset the increased risk of corrosion at the higher temperatures.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Kevin Garrity, executive vice president for the Mears Group, corrosion engineering experts who work with the oil industry, said the level of metal loss at the site of the pipeline break was roughly 10 times greater than what would be expected with cathodic protection in place.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Federal regulators said Wednesday that the current levels for the system \"appeared to be adequate.\" However, the agency also said corrosion \"would not be expected\" with the system running at that level, posing another riddle.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The report noted that the area that failed was close to three repairs made because of corrosion found in 2012 inspections. It also said the smart pig tests revealed that three other sections of pipe had extensive corrosion, with metal loss ranging from 54 percent to 74 percent.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"Those devices are not 100 percent,\" said Don Deaver, a former Exxon pipeline engineer who now works as a consultant and expert witness, primarily for plaintiffs. \"When you have an area where you have a lot of corrosion, the error in those smart pigs goes up dramatically.\"\u003c/p>\n\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>",
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"content": "\u003cp>\u003cem>Note: This story has been updated to include details of the damage to the Alameda County Water District dam.\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The U.S. Environmental Protection Agency has launched an investigation into what authorities believe was an act of vandalism against a dam on Alameda Creek in Fremont.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The incident damaged an inflatable dam, leading to the loss of more than 150 acre-feet of water -- about 49 million gallons. That's enough to supply about 500 households for a year, the \u003ca href=\"http://www.acwd.org/\" target=\"_blank\">Alameda County Water District\u003c/a> says. The agency serves about 340,000 people in Fremont, Newark and Union City.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The Fremont Police Department says it's investigating the \u003ca href=\"http://www.acwd.org/CivicAlerts.aspx?AID=113\" target=\"_blank\">May 21 incident\u003c/a> and has increased patrols near the dam. The water district says it has beefed up security around its equipment.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Several large holes were found in the deflated dam, according to Fremont police spokeswoman Geneva Bosques. \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"A sharp object -- we don't know what specifically -- was used to slice or cut the thick rubber, which released the air,\" she said. \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Bosques added that at this point, the investigation has gone \"totally stale.\" \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The episode has prompted the EPA to look into whether the federal Safe Drinking Water Act was violated, EPA spokeswoman Suzanne Skadowski said. That law makes it a crime \u003ca href=\"http://www2.epa.gov/enforcement/criminal-provisions-safe-drinking-water-act-sdwa\" target=\"_blank\">to tamper with a public water system\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Robert Shaver, the water district's general manager, said the agency is also reviewing its security practices. He said security has \"worked fine for over 30 years. We've never experienced anything like this before.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>While the water loss was substantial, especially with utility agencies throughout California under orders to cut consumption during the drought, the agency has said it will not affect its long-term operations.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Last week, the district's board of directors \u003ca href=\"http://www.acwd.org/AgendaCenter/ViewFile/Agenda/340?html=true\" target=\"_blank\">awarded a $2.4 million contract\u003c/a> to replace the dam. Shaver says the agency hopes to have the new dam in place by this fall.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The inflatable dam is made of rubber and is one of two such dams the district maintains on Alameda Creek. They're raised to impound water, which the district transfers to underground storage. The dams are lowered during storms to allow the creek to flow into San Francisco Bay.\u003c/p>\n\n",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>\u003cem>Note: This story has been updated to include details of the damage to the Alameda County Water District dam.\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The U.S. Environmental Protection Agency has launched an investigation into what authorities believe was an act of vandalism against a dam on Alameda Creek in Fremont.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The incident damaged an inflatable dam, leading to the loss of more than 150 acre-feet of water -- about 49 million gallons. That's enough to supply about 500 households for a year, the \u003ca href=\"http://www.acwd.org/\" target=\"_blank\">Alameda County Water District\u003c/a> says. The agency serves about 340,000 people in Fremont, Newark and Union City.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The Fremont Police Department says it's investigating the \u003ca href=\"http://www.acwd.org/CivicAlerts.aspx?AID=113\" target=\"_blank\">May 21 incident\u003c/a> and has increased patrols near the dam. The water district says it has beefed up security around its equipment.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Several large holes were found in the deflated dam, according to Fremont police spokeswoman Geneva Bosques. \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"A sharp object -- we don't know what specifically -- was used to slice or cut the thick rubber, which released the air,\" she said. \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Bosques added that at this point, the investigation has gone \"totally stale.\" \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The episode has prompted the EPA to look into whether the federal Safe Drinking Water Act was violated, EPA spokeswoman Suzanne Skadowski said. That law makes it a crime \u003ca href=\"http://www2.epa.gov/enforcement/criminal-provisions-safe-drinking-water-act-sdwa\" target=\"_blank\">to tamper with a public water system\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Robert Shaver, the water district's general manager, said the agency is also reviewing its security practices. He said security has \"worked fine for over 30 years. We've never experienced anything like this before.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>While the water loss was substantial, especially with utility agencies throughout California under orders to cut consumption during the drought, the agency has said it will not affect its long-term operations.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Last week, the district's board of directors \u003ca href=\"http://www.acwd.org/AgendaCenter/ViewFile/Agenda/340?html=true\" target=\"_blank\">awarded a $2.4 million contract\u003c/a> to replace the dam. Shaver says the agency hopes to have the new dam in place by this fall.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The inflatable dam is made of rubber and is one of two such dams the district maintains on Alameda Creek. They're raised to impound water, which the district transfers to underground storage. The dams are lowered during storms to allow the creek to flow into San Francisco Bay.\u003c/p>\n\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>",
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"disqusTitle": "Without Water Meters, How Does a Town Conserve?",
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"content": "\u003cp>Isaac Orduño reaches into a birdcage and grabs a parakeet. It goes still in his hand, its tiny neck caught between two of his fingers.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“See this color right here,” he tells a customer, who is buying the parakeet as a pet for her granddaughter. “This color will fade away. See how it’s dark pink right now.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Birds are a big seller at Orduño's Cattle Ranch and Feed Store, one of only a few businesses in the tiny Tulare County farming town of Sultana, population 750.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Quails, chickens, a lot of chickens,” Orduño says. Some people buy them for the meat. Some people just want to have them as pets.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>His hundreds of birds need lots of drinking water, but Orduño says he doles out the water gingerly and doesn’t just let the hose run. And he conserves in other ways. He no longer sprays off his storefront porch.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[soundcloud url=\"https://api.soundcloud.com/tracks/208451680\" params=\"color=ff5500&auto_play=false&hide_related=false&show_comments=true&show_user=true&show_reposts=false\" width=\"100%\" height=\"166\" iframe=\"true\" /]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Before, I will not lie, I would have the guys water, you know, outside,” he says. “It gets real sticky, gets real stinky. There’s a bar next door, you know, some people come and urinate here, so I mean we really had to, you know, water upfront.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Now he uses recycled water to get rid of the grime. But he could get away with not conserving. He pays a flat water rate each month and there’s no water meter on his business.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>For resident Kari Gonzales Quintana, not having a water meter is kind of like not having a gas gauge on your car.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“So you’re like, 'OK, I remember I put gas in on Tuesday. I’ve gone here and here and here. So I should have this much.' But how much do you really have?”\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_10548412\" class=\"wp-caption alignright\" style=\"max-width: 800px\">\u003cimg class=\"wp-image-10548412 size-medium\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2015/06/Isaac-800x617.jpg\" alt=\"Isaac Orduño runs a feed store in Sultana and gives his birds and rabbits water from a 55-gallon drum. That way, he doesn’t have to keep the hose running.\" width=\"800\" height=\"617\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2015/06/Isaac-800x617.jpg 800w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2015/06/Isaac-400x309.jpg 400w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2015/06/Isaac-1440x1111.jpg 1440w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2015/06/Isaac-1180x910.jpg 1180w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2015/06/Isaac-960x741.jpg 960w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2015/06/Isaac.jpg 1920w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Isaac Orduño runs a feed store in Sultana and gives his birds and rabbits water from a 55-gallon drum. That way, he doesn’t have to keep the hose running. \u003ccite>(Alice Daniel/KQED)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Quintana is also conserving, even though she, too, could get away with being frivolous. She says she no longer waters her lawn.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“This used to look like a park at one time,” she says, staring at the brittle and abandoned grass. “We have a little more than an acre. As much as we want a green lawn, we want water more.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>She lived briefly in the neighboring town of Dinuba, which has water meters. She thinks people will conserve more once they see just how much water costs.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“When you get your first bill, you are going to make a change,” she says. “You’re going to make a difference in the way you do things.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>She’s worried that Sultana’s one safe well will go dry during this drought.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“You know, I don’t want to find out like some of these other people did when you start getting sand in your water that we’re out,” she says. “This is my family home. I don’t want to move. We’re doing our part. I hope everyone else is, too.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Sultana has a backup well but it’s contaminated with the fumigant \u003ca href=\"http://water.epa.gov/drink/contaminants/basicinformation/1-2-dibromo-3-chloropropane.cfm\">DBCP\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Should our well go dry, we don’t have any backup well with potable drinking water,” says Michael Prado, board president for the town’s water services district. He says not everyone here understands that well levels drop in a drought.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“A lot of people have commented and said, ‘Well, I pay my bill and as long as I pay my bill, I should be able to use as much water as I want to use,’ ” Prado says.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“We really need water meters to keep up with the governor’s request,” he adds. Under new state rules, small towns like Sultana are expected to cut back on water use by 20 percent.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_10548455\" class=\"wp-caption alignright\" style=\"max-width: 800px\">\u003cimg class=\"wp-image-10548455 size-medium\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2015/06/Quintana-800x726.jpg\" alt=\"Even though Kari Gonzales Quintana has no meter to dictate her use, she's letting her one-acre lawn go brown to save water.\" width=\"800\" height=\"726\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2015/06/Quintana-800x726.jpg 800w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2015/06/Quintana-400x363.jpg 400w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2015/06/Quintana-1440x1307.jpg 1440w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2015/06/Quintana-1180x1071.jpg 1180w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2015/06/Quintana-960x871.jpg 960w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2015/06/Quintana.jpg 1920w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Even though Kari Gonzales Quintana has no meter to dictate her use, she's letting her one-acre lawn go brown to save water. \u003ccite>(Alice Daniel/KQED)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>At community meetings, Prado reminds folks: No more hosing down the dry, scorched streets in the summer, even if it does keep the dust in check. And as hard as it may be, no more water sharing. He says some residents send water to relatives in nearby towns where their private wells have gone dry.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>And he understands why they do it. “When you have a family member in need of water, if you can help them out, usually that’s what people try to do,” he says.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Sultana can’t afford to put in water meters on its own. Tulare County is assisting the water district with an application to get a state grant. But there’s no guarantee: The district has already applied twice for grants.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Denise England, a water resources analyst with Tulare County, says the current grant application will include other nearby towns that need water meters. She hopes the consolidation will boost Sultana’s chances.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“When you can spread your fixed costs, the per user price goes down,” she says.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Jenny Rempel, communications and development coordinator for the\u003ca href=\"http://www.communitywatercenter.org/\"> Community Water Center, \u003c/a>says it’s important that low-income households and disadvantaged users get some of the funding and rebates going along with the state restrictions.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Many small water systems don’t have the metering systems to help put conservation in place,” she says.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>England agrees. She says Tulare County alone has more than 300 tiny water systems.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>A majority have meters, she says, but “a smaller portion have meters that actually function.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>And, says England, just to put in meters for a small town like Sultana costs around $500,000.\u003c/p>\n\n",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003cdiv class='utils-parseShortcode-shortcodes-__shortcodes__shortcodeWrapper'>\n \u003ciframe width='100%' height='166'\n scrolling='no' frameborder='no'\n src='https://w.soundcloud.com/player/?url=https://api.soundcloud.com/tracks/208451680&visual=true&color=ff5500&auto_play=false&hide_related=false&show_comments=true&show_user=true&show_reposts=false'\n title='https://api.soundcloud.com/tracks/208451680'>\n \u003c/iframe>\n \u003c/div>\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Before, I will not lie, I would have the guys water, you know, outside,” he says. “It gets real sticky, gets real stinky. There’s a bar next door, you know, some people come and urinate here, so I mean we really had to, you know, water upfront.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Now he uses recycled water to get rid of the grime. But he could get away with not conserving. He pays a flat water rate each month and there’s no water meter on his business.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>For resident Kari Gonzales Quintana, not having a water meter is kind of like not having a gas gauge on your car.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“So you’re like, 'OK, I remember I put gas in on Tuesday. I’ve gone here and here and here. So I should have this much.' But how much do you really have?”\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_10548412\" class=\"wp-caption alignright\" style=\"max-width: 800px\">\u003cimg class=\"wp-image-10548412 size-medium\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2015/06/Isaac-800x617.jpg\" alt=\"Isaac Orduño runs a feed store in Sultana and gives his birds and rabbits water from a 55-gallon drum. That way, he doesn’t have to keep the hose running.\" width=\"800\" height=\"617\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2015/06/Isaac-800x617.jpg 800w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2015/06/Isaac-400x309.jpg 400w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2015/06/Isaac-1440x1111.jpg 1440w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2015/06/Isaac-1180x910.jpg 1180w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2015/06/Isaac-960x741.jpg 960w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2015/06/Isaac.jpg 1920w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Isaac Orduño runs a feed store in Sultana and gives his birds and rabbits water from a 55-gallon drum. That way, he doesn’t have to keep the hose running. \u003ccite>(Alice Daniel/KQED)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Quintana is also conserving, even though she, too, could get away with being frivolous. She says she no longer waters her lawn.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“This used to look like a park at one time,” she says, staring at the brittle and abandoned grass. “We have a little more than an acre. As much as we want a green lawn, we want water more.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>She lived briefly in the neighboring town of Dinuba, which has water meters. She thinks people will conserve more once they see just how much water costs.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“When you get your first bill, you are going to make a change,” she says. “You’re going to make a difference in the way you do things.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>She’s worried that Sultana’s one safe well will go dry during this drought.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“You know, I don’t want to find out like some of these other people did when you start getting sand in your water that we’re out,” she says. “This is my family home. I don’t want to move. We’re doing our part. I hope everyone else is, too.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Sultana has a backup well but it’s contaminated with the fumigant \u003ca href=\"http://water.epa.gov/drink/contaminants/basicinformation/1-2-dibromo-3-chloropropane.cfm\">DBCP\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Should our well go dry, we don’t have any backup well with potable drinking water,” says Michael Prado, board president for the town’s water services district. He says not everyone here understands that well levels drop in a drought.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“A lot of people have commented and said, ‘Well, I pay my bill and as long as I pay my bill, I should be able to use as much water as I want to use,’ ” Prado says.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“We really need water meters to keep up with the governor’s request,” he adds. Under new state rules, small towns like Sultana are expected to cut back on water use by 20 percent.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_10548455\" class=\"wp-caption alignright\" style=\"max-width: 800px\">\u003cimg class=\"wp-image-10548455 size-medium\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2015/06/Quintana-800x726.jpg\" alt=\"Even though Kari Gonzales Quintana has no meter to dictate her use, she's letting her one-acre lawn go brown to save water.\" width=\"800\" height=\"726\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2015/06/Quintana-800x726.jpg 800w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2015/06/Quintana-400x363.jpg 400w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2015/06/Quintana-1440x1307.jpg 1440w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2015/06/Quintana-1180x1071.jpg 1180w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2015/06/Quintana-960x871.jpg 960w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2015/06/Quintana.jpg 1920w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Even though Kari Gonzales Quintana has no meter to dictate her use, she's letting her one-acre lawn go brown to save water. \u003ccite>(Alice Daniel/KQED)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>At community meetings, Prado reminds folks: No more hosing down the dry, scorched streets in the summer, even if it does keep the dust in check. And as hard as it may be, no more water sharing. He says some residents send water to relatives in nearby towns where their private wells have gone dry.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>And he understands why they do it. “When you have a family member in need of water, if you can help them out, usually that’s what people try to do,” he says.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Sultana can’t afford to put in water meters on its own. Tulare County is assisting the water district with an application to get a state grant. But there’s no guarantee: The district has already applied twice for grants.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Denise England, a water resources analyst with Tulare County, says the current grant application will include other nearby towns that need water meters. She hopes the consolidation will boost Sultana’s chances.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“When you can spread your fixed costs, the per user price goes down,” she says.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Jenny Rempel, communications and development coordinator for the\u003ca href=\"http://www.communitywatercenter.org/\"> Community Water Center, \u003c/a>says it’s important that low-income households and disadvantaged users get some of the funding and rebates going along with the state restrictions.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Many small water systems don’t have the metering systems to help put conservation in place,” she says.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>England agrees. She says Tulare County alone has more than 300 tiny water systems.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>A majority have meters, she says, but “a smaller portion have meters that actually function.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>And, says England, just to put in meters for a small town like Sultana costs around $500,000.\u003c/p>\n\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>",
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"disqusTitle": "California's Latest Water-Savings Report Card: 13.5 Percent Cut in April",
"title": "California's Latest Water-Savings Report Card: 13.5 Percent Cut in April",
"headTitle": "The California Report | KQED News",
"content": "\u003cp>California's emergency drought conservation rules took effect Monday -- and statistics released by state water managers on Tuesday show the state has a long way to go to achieve the statewide 25 percent mandate set by Gov. Jerry Brown.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Statistics presented to the State Water Resources Control Board(and embedded below) show a 13.5 percent cut in water consumption in April 2015 compared with the same month in 2013 -- the year the state is using as its baseline for calculating water savings. Those numbers were reported by the 400 or so water agencies that serve the state's residential and industrial customers.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Although the April 2015 number is well short of the 25 percent overall conservation level that became law this week, there's good news in the report: The 13.5 percent cut is the second-best monthly performance since Brown requested voluntary conservation last year.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The report showed that the state's top conserving area was the North Lahontan hydrologic region, in sparsely populated northeastern California, with 37.5 percent less water used per resident in April 2015 compared to April 2013 consumption. The North Lahontan was followed by the Sacramento Valley (23.7 percent reduction), North Coast (23.4 percent), San Joaquin Valley (19.9) and the Bay Area (19.9). The lowest level of savings was seen in the South Coast, including Los Angeles, Orange and San Diego counties, which saw a cut of just 8.7 percent. \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The community with the highest rate of conservation: Susanville, in Lassen County, which used 56 percent less water in April than it did two years ago. Bay Area water districts on the list include Livermore, Morgan Hill, Pleasanton, Benicia and Hillsborough. \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c!-- iframe plugin v.4.3 wordpress.org/plugins/iframe/ -->\u003cbr>\n\u003ciframe width=\"705\" align=\"left\" height=\"505\" frameborder=\"0\" scrolling=\"no\" src=\"https://docs.google.com/spreadsheets/d/1zdSDzehb_pYZq0k-1GySdrL5sMceWEDRLHSIpCTN3Wo/pubchart?oid=2021760258&format=interactive\" class=\"iframe-class\">\u003c/iframe>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp> \u003cbr>\nIn terms of the communities with the stingiest water use -- the lowest consumption per resident -- the statewide prize goes to Lake Arrowhead, in the San Bernardino Mountains east of Los Angeles. The 22,000 or so people served by the community's water district use there used 30.1 gallons per day each in April. For comparison's sake, the statewide per capita average is 91 gallons a day and the highest use in the state, in super-wealthy Rancho Santa Fe in San Diego County, is 426 gallons per resident per day. \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>As good as Lake Arrowhead's consumption number sounds, it's skewed a little because it's a resort community without a year-round population. Reported per capita water consumption there is typically very low because all the district's customers are counted whether they're using water or not. In fact, April's 30.1 gallons is a jump of more than 30 percent from its March consumption of 22.6 gallons per resident per day. \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The water board report shows six of the state's 10 lowest-consuming water districts -- on a per resident per day basis -- are in the Bay Area or just next door: Martinez, East Palo Alto, Santa Cruz, San Bruno, South San Francisco, and San Francisco.\u003c/p>\n\n",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>California's emergency drought conservation rules took effect Monday -- and statistics released by state water managers on Tuesday show the state has a long way to go to achieve the statewide 25 percent mandate set by Gov. Jerry Brown.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Statistics presented to the State Water Resources Control Board(and embedded below) show a 13.5 percent cut in water consumption in April 2015 compared with the same month in 2013 -- the year the state is using as its baseline for calculating water savings. Those numbers were reported by the 400 or so water agencies that serve the state's residential and industrial customers.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Although the April 2015 number is well short of the 25 percent overall conservation level that became law this week, there's good news in the report: The 13.5 percent cut is the second-best monthly performance since Brown requested voluntary conservation last year.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The report showed that the state's top conserving area was the North Lahontan hydrologic region, in sparsely populated northeastern California, with 37.5 percent less water used per resident in April 2015 compared to April 2013 consumption. The North Lahontan was followed by the Sacramento Valley (23.7 percent reduction), North Coast (23.4 percent), San Joaquin Valley (19.9) and the Bay Area (19.9). The lowest level of savings was seen in the South Coast, including Los Angeles, Orange and San Diego counties, which saw a cut of just 8.7 percent. \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The community with the highest rate of conservation: Susanville, in Lassen County, which used 56 percent less water in April than it did two years ago. Bay Area water districts on the list include Livermore, Morgan Hill, Pleasanton, Benicia and Hillsborough. \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c!-- iframe plugin v.4.3 wordpress.org/plugins/iframe/ -->\u003cbr>\n\u003ciframe width=\"705\" align=\"left\" height=\"505\" frameborder=\"0\" scrolling=\"no\" src=\"https://docs.google.com/spreadsheets/d/1zdSDzehb_pYZq0k-1GySdrL5sMceWEDRLHSIpCTN3Wo/pubchart?oid=2021760258&format=interactive\" class=\"iframe-class\">\u003c/iframe>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp> \u003cbr>\nIn terms of the communities with the stingiest water use -- the lowest consumption per resident -- the statewide prize goes to Lake Arrowhead, in the San Bernardino Mountains east of Los Angeles. The 22,000 or so people served by the community's water district use there used 30.1 gallons per day each in April. For comparison's sake, the statewide per capita average is 91 gallons a day and the highest use in the state, in super-wealthy Rancho Santa Fe in San Diego County, is 426 gallons per resident per day. \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>As good as Lake Arrowhead's consumption number sounds, it's skewed a little because it's a resort community without a year-round population. Reported per capita water consumption there is typically very low because all the district's customers are counted whether they're using water or not. In fact, April's 30.1 gallons is a jump of more than 30 percent from its March consumption of 22.6 gallons per resident per day. \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The water board report shows six of the state's 10 lowest-consuming water districts -- on a per resident per day basis -- are in the Bay Area or just next door: Martinez, East Palo Alto, Santa Cruz, San Bruno, South San Francisco, and San Francisco.\u003c/p>\n\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>",
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"disqusTitle": "State Probing PG&E Safety Program After Concerns Raised About Potential Explosions",
"title": "State Probing PG&E Safety Program After Concerns Raised About Potential Explosions",
"headTitle": "The California Report | KQED News",
"content": "\u003cp>The state is investigating a Pacific Gas & Electric Co. safety program -- a probe initiated after a member of Congress flagged a potential “safety threat that could lead to explosions,” KQED has learned.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The probe by the California Public Utilities Commission concerns “cross bores,” which occur when an underground natural gas line pierces another utility line -- usually a sewer line -- below the soil surface. Cross bores can result when work crews use an installation technique that doesn’t involve digging a trench, which means they can't see whether pipeline damage has occurred.\u003c/p>\n\u003caside class=\"alignright pullquote\">'These allegations suggested that deficiencies in the program were potentially a safety threat that could lead to explosions.' \u003ccite>Rep. Jackie Speier\u003c/cite>\u003c/aside>\n\u003cp>These unintended pipe intersections might go undetected for years without causing a problem. But some Bay Area cities have recently partnered with utility companies to launch repair efforts out of concern that they are dangerous.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“There’s always the risk for gas explosions,” said Tyrone Jue, a spokesman for the San Francisco Public Utilities Commission, when asked about the safety hazard. “The [sewer] laterals would act like a vent, such that if there was a gas leak on that line, the gas could go up that lateral,” potentially traveling into a home or office space.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>This could happen if a line was damaged, triggering a gas leak.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>There have been 18 accidents resulting from cross-boring in the United States since 2002, according to the Gas Technology Institute. Mark Bruce, president of the \u003ca href=\"http://www.crossboresafety.org/\" target=\"_blank\">Cross Bore Safety Association\u003c/a>, said that's likely \"an understated number.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But it's impossible to know, because the Department of Transportation’s \u003ca href=\"http://www.phmsa.dot.gov/\" target=\"_blank\">Pipeline and Hazardous Materials Safety Administration\u003c/a> does not specifically track cross-bore accidents.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"You should be concerned, but not irrationally concerned because this is a fixable problem,\" said Bruce. \"It's going to take many years to get this done, because we've spent decades putting them in.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Congresswoman Flags Safety Issue\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In July 2014, Rep. Jackie Speier contacted the CPUC, flagging potential \"deficiencies\" in a PG&E program created to identify and repair cross bores. An email reference to her letter was buried among more than 65,000 emails included in some 123,000 documents PG&E was forced to release due to a lawsuit after the fatal 2010 pipeline explosion in San Bruno.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[soundcloud url=\"https://api.soundcloud.com/tracks/208360183\" params=\"color=ff5500&auto_play=false&hide_related=false&show_comments=true&show_user=true&show_reposts=false\" width=\"100%\" height=\"166\" iframe=\"true\" /]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Performed by utility contractors, PG&E’s cross-bore safety program entailed reaching out to individual property owners and running cameras through underground pipes, to be followed by any needed repairs.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Speier (D-San Mateo) confirmed to KQED that she had contacted the CPUC Safety and Enforcement Division.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Allegations were brought to my attention that testing was sometimes done by unqualified personnel, that test results from some addresses may have been falsified or addresses slated for testing were eliminated without supporting evidence,” Speier explained in an email to KQED. “These allegations suggested that deficiencies in the program were potentially a safety threat that could lead to explosions.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Emails in July 2014 between a CPUC Safety and Enforcement Division official and PG&E -- in response to Speier's concerns --indicated that a CPUC investigator would be initiating contact with the utility. But the findings of this probe have yet to be disclosed.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Speier's letter to the CPUC contained an excerpt from a June 17, 2013, email between apparent contractors that had been shared with her office.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“There are a large number of addresses with potential cross bores [that were] never inspected,” says the excerpted email cited in Speier’s letter.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The unnamed author requests PG&E involvement, noting, “I just don’t want to be asked the question of why an assigned address wasn’t inspected AFTER a cross bore in an uninspected address blows up. This is a very real and dangerous potential; in my humble perspective as an inspector in this program.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c!-- iframe plugin v.4.3 wordpress.org/plugins/iframe/ -->\u003cbr>\n\u003ciframe class=\"scribd_iframe_embed\" src=\"https://www.scribd.com/embeds/267077044/content?start_page=1&view_mode=scroll&access_key=key-KMh4hcKk0nMTQRbaRyhh&show_recommendations=true\" data-auto-height=\"false\" data-aspect-ratio=\"0.7729220222793488\" scrolling=\"no\" id=\"doc_22473\" width=\"100%\" height=\"600\" frameborder=\"0\">\u003c/iframe>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The “large number of addresses” referenced in the June 2013 email provided by the whistleblower were slated for inspection in 2012.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>CPUC spokeswoman Constance Gordon told KQED that the state investigation began in July 2014. \"Whistleblower complaints are always screened for immediate safety concerns and then assigned to an investigator, in this case in our Safety and Enforcement Division,\" she said. \"The investigation includes fact-gathering, code compliance and sufficient corrective actions as warranted by the specific case.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>She added: “We cannot comment further until the investigation is completed.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>PG&E responded to calls with a written statement saying that: \"As part of our commitment to the safety of our customers and the communities we serve, PG&E has deployed a comprehensive program to prevent, identify and repair cross bores throughout our natural gas system. We hold our employees and contractors to high standards and maintain a rigorous quality control process for this work. We are committed to cooperating fully with any reviews by our regulators.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>PG&E is facing criminal negligence charges for violating pipeline safety laws and obstructing justice in the case of the San Bruno transmission pipeline explosion, which killed eight people and destroyed 38 homes in September 2010. And two related investigations, one federal and state, focus on alleged improper communications with utility executives.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Cross-Bore Explosions Can Be Deadly\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>On Aug. 29, 1976, an explosion and fire destroyed a house in Kenosha, Wisconsin, killing Cletus Weston, 60, and his son, David, 26. Four other people were injured and two adjacent houses were also damaged.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Earlier that morning the Weston family had called a sewer cleaning company to remove a blockage. The cleaner inserted an auger into a 6-inch sewer lateral. But the auger struck and ruptured a 2-inch plastic gas main, even though the home was not served by natural gas. Quickly, gas flowed into the house through the sewer system and an explosion occurred.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Later, the National Transportation Safety Board \u003ca href=\"http://www.crossboresafety.org/documents/NTSB%20Cross%20Bore%20Recommendation%2012November1976.pdf\" target=\"_blank\">disclosed\u003c/a> that the gas main had been installed by boring through the sewer lateral -- a cross bore. The explosion prompted the NTSB to issue a series of recommendations, including that “inspections [should be made] …. where gas mains and sewer laterals may be in proximity.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But it took decades, and more explosions, for many municipalities and utilities to begin searching for cross bores.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Cross Bores Discovered In Bay Area\u003cbr>\n\u003c/strong>\u003cbr>\nAccording to \u003ca href=\"https://www.scribd.com/doc/267081902/PG-E-s-Cross-Bore-Inspection-Program?secret_password=eYwZTAoOGpeYfzQPJhea\" target=\"_blank\">documents\u003c/a> from PG&E, there have been five \"near hits\" in San Francisco and the Peninsula since 2012 in which cross bores were damaged and gas was released. But they were fixed before any property damage occurred.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Workers found 24 cross bores within four city blocks in Palo Alto, according to a document cited by PG&E and presented at the Northeast Gas Association. The City Council approved $3.8 million in 2011 to inspect sewer laterals and make repairs.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_10547039\" class=\"wp-caption alignright\" style=\"max-width: 639px\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2015/06/4011_S_146th_St_Tukwila_CrossBorePhoto1.png\">\u003cimg class=\"size-full wp-image-10547039\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2015/06/4011_S_146th_St_Tukwila_CrossBorePhoto1.png\" alt=\"Example of a cross bore.\" width=\"639\" height=\"482\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2015/06/4011_S_146th_St_Tukwila_CrossBorePhoto1.png 639w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2015/06/4011_S_146th_St_Tukwila_CrossBorePhoto1-400x302.png 400w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 639px) 100vw, 639px\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Example of a cross bore. \u003ccite>(Courtesy Cross Bore Safety Association)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>In San Francisco, Tyrone Jue noted that the SFPUC, the agency tasked with maintaining city sewer lines, was largely unaware of cross bores until its street crews uncovered them during routine maintenance.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“[PG&E] had been doing the trenchless pipeline installation for a while, prior to us finding out about it,” he said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>PG&E later provided data suggesting that there were about 1,000 locations in the city where cross bores had occurred.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But a \u003ca href=\"https://www.scribd.com/doc/267071564/San-Francisco-Complaint-Against-PG-E\" target=\"_blank\">complaint\u003c/a> filed against PG&E by San Francisco City Attorney Dennis Herrera suggests that there could be even more. “PG&E has identified thousands of additional locations where PG&E’s cross-bores might have caused damage to city sewer laterals,” Herrera’s June 6, 2013, complaint noted.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Both Jue and Deputy City Attorney Theresa Mueller assured KQED that the problem was in the process of being addressed, both through a formal agreement between the city and the utility and through repairs, performed either by PG&E or SFPUC.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“A vast majority of them have already been fixed,” Jue explained. However, “There are some that are still remaining.” Meanwhile, cost recovery for damage to sewer lines is still the subject of litigation.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The city made repairs to nearly 100 locations where sewer pipes were damaged by gas lines, incurring more than $1.2 million in costs.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Efforts to Raise Awareness About Cross Bores\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>PG&E has issued tens of thousands of brochures to sewer districts, public works agencies, plumbers and equipment rental stores to raise awareness about \u003ca href=\"http://www.pge.com/en/safety/gaselectricsafety/sewercleaningsafety/index.page\">cross-bore safety concerns\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Nationwide, public safety programs stress that property owners should be aware of the potential safety hazard caused by cross bores.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“OK, someone’s sewer or toilet is backing up. Normally they just call the plumber. Now they’re saying, call the gas company first to make sure there’s not a cross bore,” said Carl Weimer, executive director of the Pipeline Safety Trust.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Before you or your plumber perform a repair to a sewer line outside of your foundation, call \u003ca href=\"http://www.pge.com/en/safety/diggingyard/callbeforeyoudig/index.page?utm_source=google&utm_medium=cpc&utm_campaign=811safedigging&gclid=CPOtxrO86MUCFY-TfgodJpgAZg\" target=\"_blank\">811\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad floatright]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Palo Alto's Mayor Youth Video Corp made the video below about cross bores.\u003cbr>\nhttps://vimeo.com/48531246\u003c/p>\n\n",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>The state is investigating a Pacific Gas & Electric Co. safety program -- a probe initiated after a member of Congress flagged a potential “safety threat that could lead to explosions,” KQED has learned.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The probe by the California Public Utilities Commission concerns “cross bores,” which occur when an underground natural gas line pierces another utility line -- usually a sewer line -- below the soil surface. Cross bores can result when work crews use an installation technique that doesn’t involve digging a trench, which means they can't see whether pipeline damage has occurred.\u003c/p>\n\u003caside class=\"alignright pullquote\">'These allegations suggested that deficiencies in the program were potentially a safety threat that could lead to explosions.' \u003ccite>Rep. Jackie Speier\u003c/cite>\u003c/aside>\n\u003cp>These unintended pipe intersections might go undetected for years without causing a problem. But some Bay Area cities have recently partnered with utility companies to launch repair efforts out of concern that they are dangerous.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“There’s always the risk for gas explosions,” said Tyrone Jue, a spokesman for the San Francisco Public Utilities Commission, when asked about the safety hazard. “The [sewer] laterals would act like a vent, such that if there was a gas leak on that line, the gas could go up that lateral,” potentially traveling into a home or office space.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>This could happen if a line was damaged, triggering a gas leak.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>There have been 18 accidents resulting from cross-boring in the United States since 2002, according to the Gas Technology Institute. Mark Bruce, president of the \u003ca href=\"http://www.crossboresafety.org/\" target=\"_blank\">Cross Bore Safety Association\u003c/a>, said that's likely \"an understated number.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But it's impossible to know, because the Department of Transportation’s \u003ca href=\"http://www.phmsa.dot.gov/\" target=\"_blank\">Pipeline and Hazardous Materials Safety Administration\u003c/a> does not specifically track cross-bore accidents.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"You should be concerned, but not irrationally concerned because this is a fixable problem,\" said Bruce. \"It's going to take many years to get this done, because we've spent decades putting them in.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Congresswoman Flags Safety Issue\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In July 2014, Rep. Jackie Speier contacted the CPUC, flagging potential \"deficiencies\" in a PG&E program created to identify and repair cross bores. An email reference to her letter was buried among more than 65,000 emails included in some 123,000 documents PG&E was forced to release due to a lawsuit after the fatal 2010 pipeline explosion in San Bruno.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003cdiv class='utils-parseShortcode-shortcodes-__shortcodes__shortcodeWrapper'>\n \u003ciframe width='100%' height='166'\n scrolling='no' frameborder='no'\n src='https://w.soundcloud.com/player/?url=https://api.soundcloud.com/tracks/208360183&visual=true&color=ff5500&auto_play=false&hide_related=false&show_comments=true&show_user=true&show_reposts=false'\n title='https://api.soundcloud.com/tracks/208360183'>\n \u003c/iframe>\n \u003c/div>\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Performed by utility contractors, PG&E’s cross-bore safety program entailed reaching out to individual property owners and running cameras through underground pipes, to be followed by any needed repairs.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Speier (D-San Mateo) confirmed to KQED that she had contacted the CPUC Safety and Enforcement Division.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Allegations were brought to my attention that testing was sometimes done by unqualified personnel, that test results from some addresses may have been falsified or addresses slated for testing were eliminated without supporting evidence,” Speier explained in an email to KQED. “These allegations suggested that deficiencies in the program were potentially a safety threat that could lead to explosions.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Emails in July 2014 between a CPUC Safety and Enforcement Division official and PG&E -- in response to Speier's concerns --indicated that a CPUC investigator would be initiating contact with the utility. But the findings of this probe have yet to be disclosed.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Speier's letter to the CPUC contained an excerpt from a June 17, 2013, email between apparent contractors that had been shared with her office.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“There are a large number of addresses with potential cross bores [that were] never inspected,” says the excerpted email cited in Speier’s letter.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The unnamed author requests PG&E involvement, noting, “I just don’t want to be asked the question of why an assigned address wasn’t inspected AFTER a cross bore in an uninspected address blows up. This is a very real and dangerous potential; in my humble perspective as an inspector in this program.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c!-- iframe plugin v.4.3 wordpress.org/plugins/iframe/ -->\u003cbr>\n\u003ciframe class=\"scribd_iframe_embed\" src=\"https://www.scribd.com/embeds/267077044/content?start_page=1&view_mode=scroll&access_key=key-KMh4hcKk0nMTQRbaRyhh&show_recommendations=true\" data-auto-height=\"false\" data-aspect-ratio=\"0.7729220222793488\" scrolling=\"no\" id=\"doc_22473\" width=\"100%\" height=\"600\" frameborder=\"0\">\u003c/iframe>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The “large number of addresses” referenced in the June 2013 email provided by the whistleblower were slated for inspection in 2012.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>CPUC spokeswoman Constance Gordon told KQED that the state investigation began in July 2014. \"Whistleblower complaints are always screened for immediate safety concerns and then assigned to an investigator, in this case in our Safety and Enforcement Division,\" she said. \"The investigation includes fact-gathering, code compliance and sufficient corrective actions as warranted by the specific case.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>She added: “We cannot comment further until the investigation is completed.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>PG&E responded to calls with a written statement saying that: \"As part of our commitment to the safety of our customers and the communities we serve, PG&E has deployed a comprehensive program to prevent, identify and repair cross bores throughout our natural gas system. We hold our employees and contractors to high standards and maintain a rigorous quality control process for this work. We are committed to cooperating fully with any reviews by our regulators.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>PG&E is facing criminal negligence charges for violating pipeline safety laws and obstructing justice in the case of the San Bruno transmission pipeline explosion, which killed eight people and destroyed 38 homes in September 2010. And two related investigations, one federal and state, focus on alleged improper communications with utility executives.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Cross-Bore Explosions Can Be Deadly\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>On Aug. 29, 1976, an explosion and fire destroyed a house in Kenosha, Wisconsin, killing Cletus Weston, 60, and his son, David, 26. Four other people were injured and two adjacent houses were also damaged.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Earlier that morning the Weston family had called a sewer cleaning company to remove a blockage. The cleaner inserted an auger into a 6-inch sewer lateral. But the auger struck and ruptured a 2-inch plastic gas main, even though the home was not served by natural gas. Quickly, gas flowed into the house through the sewer system and an explosion occurred.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Later, the National Transportation Safety Board \u003ca href=\"http://www.crossboresafety.org/documents/NTSB%20Cross%20Bore%20Recommendation%2012November1976.pdf\" target=\"_blank\">disclosed\u003c/a> that the gas main had been installed by boring through the sewer lateral -- a cross bore. The explosion prompted the NTSB to issue a series of recommendations, including that “inspections [should be made] …. where gas mains and sewer laterals may be in proximity.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But it took decades, and more explosions, for many municipalities and utilities to begin searching for cross bores.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Cross Bores Discovered In Bay Area\u003cbr>\n\u003c/strong>\u003cbr>\nAccording to \u003ca href=\"https://www.scribd.com/doc/267081902/PG-E-s-Cross-Bore-Inspection-Program?secret_password=eYwZTAoOGpeYfzQPJhea\" target=\"_blank\">documents\u003c/a> from PG&E, there have been five \"near hits\" in San Francisco and the Peninsula since 2012 in which cross bores were damaged and gas was released. But they were fixed before any property damage occurred.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Workers found 24 cross bores within four city blocks in Palo Alto, according to a document cited by PG&E and presented at the Northeast Gas Association. The City Council approved $3.8 million in 2011 to inspect sewer laterals and make repairs.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_10547039\" class=\"wp-caption alignright\" style=\"max-width: 639px\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2015/06/4011_S_146th_St_Tukwila_CrossBorePhoto1.png\">\u003cimg class=\"size-full wp-image-10547039\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2015/06/4011_S_146th_St_Tukwila_CrossBorePhoto1.png\" alt=\"Example of a cross bore.\" width=\"639\" height=\"482\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2015/06/4011_S_146th_St_Tukwila_CrossBorePhoto1.png 639w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2015/06/4011_S_146th_St_Tukwila_CrossBorePhoto1-400x302.png 400w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 639px) 100vw, 639px\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Example of a cross bore. \u003ccite>(Courtesy Cross Bore Safety Association)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>In San Francisco, Tyrone Jue noted that the SFPUC, the agency tasked with maintaining city sewer lines, was largely unaware of cross bores until its street crews uncovered them during routine maintenance.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“[PG&E] had been doing the trenchless pipeline installation for a while, prior to us finding out about it,” he said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>PG&E later provided data suggesting that there were about 1,000 locations in the city where cross bores had occurred.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But a \u003ca href=\"https://www.scribd.com/doc/267071564/San-Francisco-Complaint-Against-PG-E\" target=\"_blank\">complaint\u003c/a> filed against PG&E by San Francisco City Attorney Dennis Herrera suggests that there could be even more. “PG&E has identified thousands of additional locations where PG&E’s cross-bores might have caused damage to city sewer laterals,” Herrera’s June 6, 2013, complaint noted.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Both Jue and Deputy City Attorney Theresa Mueller assured KQED that the problem was in the process of being addressed, both through a formal agreement between the city and the utility and through repairs, performed either by PG&E or SFPUC.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“A vast majority of them have already been fixed,” Jue explained. However, “There are some that are still remaining.” Meanwhile, cost recovery for damage to sewer lines is still the subject of litigation.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The city made repairs to nearly 100 locations where sewer pipes were damaged by gas lines, incurring more than $1.2 million in costs.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Efforts to Raise Awareness About Cross Bores\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>PG&E has issued tens of thousands of brochures to sewer districts, public works agencies, plumbers and equipment rental stores to raise awareness about \u003ca href=\"http://www.pge.com/en/safety/gaselectricsafety/sewercleaningsafety/index.page\">cross-bore safety concerns\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Nationwide, public safety programs stress that property owners should be aware of the potential safety hazard caused by cross bores.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“OK, someone’s sewer or toilet is backing up. Normally they just call the plumber. Now they’re saying, call the gas company first to make sure there’s not a cross bore,” said Carl Weimer, executive director of the Pipeline Safety Trust.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Before you or your plumber perform a repair to a sewer line outside of your foundation, call \u003ca href=\"http://www.pge.com/en/safety/diggingyard/callbeforeyoudig/index.page?utm_source=google&utm_medium=cpc&utm_campaign=811safedigging&gclid=CPOtxrO86MUCFY-TfgodJpgAZg\" target=\"_blank\">811\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Palo Alto's Mayor Youth Video Corp made the video below about cross bores.\u003cbr>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cp>The pipeline that ruptured on May 19, spilling thousands of gallons of oil into the Pacific Ocean, runs right through Santa Barbara County on its way to refineries in the Central Valley. Yet the county has no regulatory authority over it.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Our county actually had very strict regulations, but then they lost their jurisdiction over this pipeline,” explained \u003ca href=\"http://www.edcnet.org/\">Environmental Defense Center\u003c/a> chief counsel Linda Krop during a seaside news conference shortly after the spill. “They were robbed of the ability to monitor this pipeline the last 20 years. The federal regulations are much weaker.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[soundcloud url=”https://api.soundcloud.com/tracks/207838913″ params=”color=ff5500&auto_play=false&hide_related=false&show_comments=true&show_user=true&show_reposts=false” width=”100%” height=”166″ iframe=”true” /]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The company that used to operate the pipeline sued Santa Barbara County in the late 1980s. The oil firm claimed the county didn’t have the authority to impose regulations because the pipeline — now operated by Plains All American Pipeline — crosses county and federal territory.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>For example, Santa Barbara County requires major oil pipelines to be outfitted with automatic shutoff valves. Federal regulators do not require them, so the Plains pipeline didn’t have one.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But the feds do require pipeline operators to undergo regular inspections. Those can include everything from looking for surface erosion on pipes to drug testing of workers. A company may also have its own internal inspection schedule.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The Plains All American pipeline is on a five-year federal inspection cycle. That’s about standard, says John Stoody, from the \u003ca href=\"https://www.google.com/search?sourceid=navclient&ie=UTF-8&rlz=1T4NDKB_enUS581US581&q=Association+of+Oil+Pipelines+\">Association of Oil Pipelines\u003c/a>, an industry trade group based in Washington, D.C.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_10543896\" class=\"wp-caption alignright\" style=\"max-width: 800px\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2015/05/REFUGIO-CLEAN-UP-1.jpg\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-medium wp-image-10543896\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2015/05/REFUGIO-CLEAN-UP-1-800x525.jpg\" alt=\"Members of the International Bird Rescue clean an oiled brown pelican in the aftermath of last week’s oil spill along the Santa Barbara County coast. \" width=\"800\" height=\"525\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2015/05/REFUGIO-CLEAN-UP-1-800x525.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2015/05/REFUGIO-CLEAN-UP-1-400x263.jpg 400w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2015/05/REFUGIO-CLEAN-UP-1-1440x945.jpg 1440w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2015/05/REFUGIO-CLEAN-UP-1-1180x774.jpg 1180w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2015/05/REFUGIO-CLEAN-UP-1-960x630.jpg 960w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2015/05/REFUGIO-CLEAN-UP-1.jpg 1920w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Members of International Bird Rescue clean an oiled brown pelican in the aftermath of May 19 oil spill along the Santa Barbara County coast. \u003ccite>(courtesy of International Bird Rescue)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>“A minimum of every five years the operator must evaluate that pipeline, consider the different threats, conduct inspections,” says Stoody. “And then based on the risks, go out and perform maintenance on those pipelines before they become a problem.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The inspection process is kind of like getting a smog check for your car. A pipeline operator hires a private inspection firm that specializes in that kind of thing. Technicians then runs the pipeline through a battery of tests and submits the results to the pipeline boss, who then hands over the data to government regulators.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“On top of that, you will have regulators, whether it’s the federal government or a state agency that comes out and inspects an operator, inspects the pipeline, their paperwork for the integrity, the safe operation,” Stoody says\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The state of California has a pipeline inspection team, too. It’s a branch of the state fire agency Cal Fire. But the team is small, just a handful of inspectors and engineers.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Yeah, we’ve been working with minimum staff for a number of years,” says \u003ca href=\"http://osfm.fire.ca.gov/pipeline/pipeline_mapping.php\">California’s director of pipeline safety, \u003c/a>Bob Gorham. “We have three full-time engineers and a couple part-time inspectors.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>They share oversight duties with federal inspectors on some 5,000 miles of pipelines across California.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Gorham says that because his staff is so small, inspections are prioritized based on each pipeline operator’s overall track record.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“And we work very closely with the federal government on the pipeline to try and determine what type of inspections and who to inspect,” he says.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Until a couple years ago, Gorham’s crew also had primary oversight of the Plains pipeline that ruptured and sullied the Santa Barbara County coastline.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But because of that staffing shortage, inspection duties on that and hundreds of miles of other pipelines were turned over to federal regulators a couple of years ago.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“And that is a problem nationwide,” says Samya Lutz, of the oil industry watchdog group the \u003ca href=\"http://pstrust.org/\">Pipeline Safety Trust\u003c/a>. “Often the federal government or states will train pipeline inspectors. And once they’re trained up, they might just stay for a year or two before they’re picked off by the industry. Because the industry can typically afford to pay a lot more for those types of jobs.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Fire safety is essential when working on domestic and commercial gas pipes because even a small gas leak can create a serious fire or explosion hazard. Before beginning any work, the gas supply should be safely isolated, the area should be well ventilated, and all potential ignition sources should be eliminated. Using the proper tools, following established safety procedures, and testing for leaks after installation or repairs, and working with \u003ca href=\"https://fastfirewatchguards.com/maine/portland/\">Portland fire watch guards\u003c/a> can help protect workers, occupants, and property from fire-related incidents.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But starting salaries for state pipeline inspectors and engineers are set to increase this summer, says Gorham. His department, with field offices in Bakersfield and in the Long Beach area, aims to add about half a dozen additional engineers and inspectors in the coming months.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>And California could reclaim pipeline oversight duties that it was forced to hand over over to federal regulators.\u003c/p>\n\n",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>The pipeline that ruptured on May 19, spilling thousands of gallons of oil into the Pacific Ocean, runs right through Santa Barbara County on its way to refineries in the Central Valley. Yet the county has no regulatory authority over it.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Our county actually had very strict regulations, but then they lost their jurisdiction over this pipeline,” explained \u003ca href=\"http://www.edcnet.org/\">Environmental Defense Center\u003c/a> chief counsel Linda Krop during a seaside news conference shortly after the spill. “They were robbed of the ability to monitor this pipeline the last 20 years. The federal regulations are much weaker.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003cdiv class='utils-parseShortcode-shortcodes-__shortcodes__shortcodeWrapper'>\n \u003ciframe width='”100%”' height='”166″'\n scrolling='no' frameborder='no'\n src='https://w.soundcloud.com/player/?url=”https://api.soundcloud.com/tracks/207838913″&visual=true&”color=ff5500&auto_play=false&hide_related=false&show_comments=true&show_user=true&show_reposts=false”'\n title='”https://api.soundcloud.com/tracks/207838913″'>\n \u003c/iframe>\n \u003c/div>\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The company that used to operate the pipeline sued Santa Barbara County in the late 1980s. The oil firm claimed the county didn’t have the authority to impose regulations because the pipeline — now operated by Plains All American Pipeline — crosses county and federal territory.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>For example, Santa Barbara County requires major oil pipelines to be outfitted with automatic shutoff valves. Federal regulators do not require them, so the Plains pipeline didn’t have one.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But the feds do require pipeline operators to undergo regular inspections. Those can include everything from looking for surface erosion on pipes to drug testing of workers. A company may also have its own internal inspection schedule.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The Plains All American pipeline is on a five-year federal inspection cycle. That’s about standard, says John Stoody, from the \u003ca href=\"https://www.google.com/search?sourceid=navclient&ie=UTF-8&rlz=1T4NDKB_enUS581US581&q=Association+of+Oil+Pipelines+\">Association of Oil Pipelines\u003c/a>, an industry trade group based in Washington, D.C.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_10543896\" class=\"wp-caption alignright\" style=\"max-width: 800px\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2015/05/REFUGIO-CLEAN-UP-1.jpg\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-medium wp-image-10543896\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2015/05/REFUGIO-CLEAN-UP-1-800x525.jpg\" alt=\"Members of the International Bird Rescue clean an oiled brown pelican in the aftermath of last week’s oil spill along the Santa Barbara County coast. \" width=\"800\" height=\"525\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2015/05/REFUGIO-CLEAN-UP-1-800x525.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2015/05/REFUGIO-CLEAN-UP-1-400x263.jpg 400w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2015/05/REFUGIO-CLEAN-UP-1-1440x945.jpg 1440w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2015/05/REFUGIO-CLEAN-UP-1-1180x774.jpg 1180w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2015/05/REFUGIO-CLEAN-UP-1-960x630.jpg 960w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2015/05/REFUGIO-CLEAN-UP-1.jpg 1920w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Members of International Bird Rescue clean an oiled brown pelican in the aftermath of May 19 oil spill along the Santa Barbara County coast. \u003ccite>(courtesy of International Bird Rescue)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>“A minimum of every five years the operator must evaluate that pipeline, consider the different threats, conduct inspections,” says Stoody. “And then based on the risks, go out and perform maintenance on those pipelines before they become a problem.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The inspection process is kind of like getting a smog check for your car. A pipeline operator hires a private inspection firm that specializes in that kind of thing. Technicians then runs the pipeline through a battery of tests and submits the results to the pipeline boss, who then hands over the data to government regulators.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“On top of that, you will have regulators, whether it’s the federal government or a state agency that comes out and inspects an operator, inspects the pipeline, their paperwork for the integrity, the safe operation,” Stoody says\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The state of California has a pipeline inspection team, too. It’s a branch of the state fire agency Cal Fire. But the team is small, just a handful of inspectors and engineers.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Yeah, we’ve been working with minimum staff for a number of years,” says \u003ca href=\"http://osfm.fire.ca.gov/pipeline/pipeline_mapping.php\">California’s director of pipeline safety, \u003c/a>Bob Gorham. “We have three full-time engineers and a couple part-time inspectors.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>They share oversight duties with federal inspectors on some 5,000 miles of pipelines across California.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Gorham says that because his staff is so small, inspections are prioritized based on each pipeline operator’s overall track record.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“And we work very closely with the federal government on the pipeline to try and determine what type of inspections and who to inspect,” he says.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Until a couple years ago, Gorham’s crew also had primary oversight of the Plains pipeline that ruptured and sullied the Santa Barbara County coastline.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But because of that staffing shortage, inspection duties on that and hundreds of miles of other pipelines were turned over to federal regulators a couple of years ago.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“And that is a problem nationwide,” says Samya Lutz, of the oil industry watchdog group the \u003ca href=\"http://pstrust.org/\">Pipeline Safety Trust\u003c/a>. “Often the federal government or states will train pipeline inspectors. And once they’re trained up, they might just stay for a year or two before they’re picked off by the industry. Because the industry can typically afford to pay a lot more for those types of jobs.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Fire safety is essential when working on domestic and commercial gas pipes because even a small gas leak can create a serious fire or explosion hazard. Before beginning any work, the gas supply should be safely isolated, the area should be well ventilated, and all potential ignition sources should be eliminated. Using the proper tools, following established safety procedures, and testing for leaks after installation or repairs, and working with \u003ca href=\"https://fastfirewatchguards.com/maine/portland/\">Portland fire watch guards\u003c/a> can help protect workers, occupants, and property from fire-related incidents.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But starting salaries for state pipeline inspectors and engineers are set to increase this summer, says Gorham. His department, with field offices in Bakersfield and in the Long Beach area, aims to add about half a dozen additional engineers and inspectors in the coming months.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>And California could reclaim pipeline oversight duties that it was forced to hand over over to federal regulators.\u003c/p>\n\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>",
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"content": "\u003cp>When people call up Leigh Jerrard, founder of Greywater Corps, they're greeted with a recorded message: \"Note that we are overwhelmed with inquiries right now, so it may be a while before we get back to you. But have faith.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Jerrard's company helps homeowners with the complicated process of installing their own graywater systems. The system takes drainage from showers or washing machines and uses it to water lawns.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>It sounds like a great idea now. But six years ago, when Jerrard started the company, few people were interested.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"Up until about a year ago, it's been pretty slow,\" Jerrard says. \"[But] things started to pick up. Last year was the first year we were solvent. Within the last month or two, the phone has been ringing off the hook.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In between interviewing to add another employee and another site visit, Jerrard managed to squeeze in an initial consultation for Lisa Mann at her craftsman-style home in Pasadena.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>After about an hour of dispensing practical advice and sharing his water-use philosophy, Jerrard convinces Mann to jump on board.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"Sign me up,\" she says. \"I'm serious. We got to do this.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Watering with graywater will be more expensive and complicated than Mann initially thought. But to her, it's worth it.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"It seems like the drought never ends. It's been here and it doesn't seem it is going away,\" she says. \"So we need to find ways to landscape and to be more efficient with our house.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>That sentiment is also helping entrepreneurs such as Gayle Butensky. She started a drought-tolerant landscaping business five years ago. They specialize in using plants native to California.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"People have been doing this for years and years and years,\" she says. \"It's just much more apparent now. Because once one person does, the next person sees it.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Butensky adds that going native doesn't mean sacrificing aesthetics.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"It doesn't have to look like a desert. It doesn't have to look like rocks. It can look like a nice garden.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>All those native plants have to come from somewhere, which has made California Cactus Center a very popular shop these days. It's been in Molly Thongthiraj's family for 38 years.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"When we first started it was not mainstream, but now it is,\" she says.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Thongthiraj says because of the drought, business has never been better — up 20 percent since last year.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>John Gayle is one of her colleagues.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"You know there's always been a significant client base for people who were always collectors of cactuses and succulents,\" he says. \"But I think now it's a necessity.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>It's also a cost-saver because of government incentives.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Last year, Los Angeles started offering a $3.75 rebate on every square foot of grass that homeowners rip out and replace with a drought-friendly landscape.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>No company has benefited more than Turf Terminators.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"Every time we think we've built the organization to a size where we think it's going to meet demand, demand just sort of jumps up and we have to grow again,\" says Julian Fox, the company's chief operating officer.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>When Turf Terminators started just 10 months ago, it had three full-time employees. Now it has more than 500.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>With no end in sight, California's drought may present a long-term boost for local entrepreneurs.\u003c/p>\n\u003cdiv class=\"fullattribution\">Copyright 2015 NPR. To see more, visit http://www.npr.org/.\u003cimg src=\"http://www.google-analytics.com/__utm.gif?utmac=UA-5828686-4&utmdt=California%27s+Drought+Makes+It+Rain+Big+Bucks+For+Local+Businesses&utme=8(APIKey)9(MDAxOTAwOTE4MDEyMTkxMDAzNjczZDljZA004)\" alt=\"\">\u003c/div>\n\n",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>When people call up Leigh Jerrard, founder of Greywater Corps, they're greeted with a recorded message: \"Note that we are overwhelmed with inquiries right now, so it may be a while before we get back to you. But have faith.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Jerrard's company helps homeowners with the complicated process of installing their own graywater systems. The system takes drainage from showers or washing machines and uses it to water lawns.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>It sounds like a great idea now. But six years ago, when Jerrard started the company, few people were interested.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"Up until about a year ago, it's been pretty slow,\" Jerrard says. \"[But] things started to pick up. Last year was the first year we were solvent. Within the last month or two, the phone has been ringing off the hook.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In between interviewing to add another employee and another site visit, Jerrard managed to squeeze in an initial consultation for Lisa Mann at her craftsman-style home in Pasadena.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>After about an hour of dispensing practical advice and sharing his water-use philosophy, Jerrard convinces Mann to jump on board.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"Sign me up,\" she says. \"I'm serious. We got to do this.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Watering with graywater will be more expensive and complicated than Mann initially thought. But to her, it's worth it.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"It seems like the drought never ends. It's been here and it doesn't seem it is going away,\" she says. \"So we need to find ways to landscape and to be more efficient with our house.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>That sentiment is also helping entrepreneurs such as Gayle Butensky. She started a drought-tolerant landscaping business five years ago. They specialize in using plants native to California.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"People have been doing this for years and years and years,\" she says. \"It's just much more apparent now. Because once one person does, the next person sees it.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Butensky adds that going native doesn't mean sacrificing aesthetics.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"It doesn't have to look like a desert. It doesn't have to look like rocks. It can look like a nice garden.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>All those native plants have to come from somewhere, which has made California Cactus Center a very popular shop these days. It's been in Molly Thongthiraj's family for 38 years.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"When we first started it was not mainstream, but now it is,\" she says.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Thongthiraj says because of the drought, business has never been better — up 20 percent since last year.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>John Gayle is one of her colleagues.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"You know there's always been a significant client base for people who were always collectors of cactuses and succulents,\" he says. \"But I think now it's a necessity.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>It's also a cost-saver because of government incentives.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Last year, Los Angeles started offering a $3.75 rebate on every square foot of grass that homeowners rip out and replace with a drought-friendly landscape.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>No company has benefited more than Turf Terminators.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"Every time we think we've built the organization to a size where we think it's going to meet demand, demand just sort of jumps up and we have to grow again,\" says Julian Fox, the company's chief operating officer.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>When Turf Terminators started just 10 months ago, it had three full-time employees. Now it has more than 500.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>With no end in sight, California's drought may present a long-term boost for local entrepreneurs.\u003c/p>\n\u003cdiv class=\"fullattribution\">Copyright 2015 NPR. To see more, visit http://www.npr.org/.\u003cimg src=\"http://www.google-analytics.com/__utm.gif?utmac=UA-5828686-4&utmdt=California%27s+Drought+Makes+It+Rain+Big+Bucks+For+Local+Businesses&utme=8(APIKey)9(MDAxOTAwOTE4MDEyMTkxMDAzNjczZDljZA004)\" alt=\"\">\u003c/div>\n\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>",
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"disqusTitle": "Oakland Startup Tries to Change the Value of Water",
"title": "Oakland Startup Tries to Change the Value of Water",
"headTitle": "The California Report | KQED News",
"content": "\u003cp>Water is cheaper in California than you might think. Just as it is in most of the United States, \u003ca href=\"http://www.circleofblue.org/waternews/2014/world/price-water-2014-6-percent-30-major-u-s-cities-33-percent-rise-since-2010/\">it's less than a penny a gallon\u003c/a>. That is because water is delivered to residents exactly at cost. There are no extra fees or charges on this vital resource.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>This raises a big question. With prices so low, how can the state make residents value water more and conserve it?\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Gov. Jerry Brown and state regulators are trying to get people to cut back with mandates and fines -- the stick approach. But a startup in Oakland \u003ca href=\"https://www.meterhero.com/\">called MeterHero\u003c/a> is trying to change the value of water a different way -- with carrots.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c!-- iframe plugin v.4.3 wordpress.org/plugins/iframe/ -->\u003cbr>\n\u003ciframe width=\"100%\" height=\"166\" scrolling=\"no\" frameborder=\"no\" src=\"https://w.soundcloud.com/player/?url=https%3A//api.soundcloud.com/tracks/207483749&color=ff5500&auto_play=false&hide_related=false&show_comments=true&show_user=true&show_reposts=false\" class=\"iframe-class\">\u003c/iframe>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Like me, you probably waste gallons and gallons of water. For instance, when you let the tap run for the shower to warm up. Yup, we just let all that water go right down the drain. But not Alice Green.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Green says she learned the value of water during the massive drought. No, not this drought -- the one back in the '70s. Today she saves her shower warm-up water and uses it to flush her toilet. She also has a drought-resistant garden instead of a lawn.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Most people in the state are not as water-conscious as Green. She says many do not realize the value of water because it is so cheap. MeterHero agrees and wants to change that, but not by raising the price of water. Instead, it wants to give rebates.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Here's how it works: Water customers give MeterHero access to their utility accounts online. MeterHero tracks current usage and gives rebates to those who use less than they did before -- $1 for every 100 gallons conserved. The rebates give some extra value to water and create a tangible incentive for using less. \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Green’s Berkeley cohousing community, which is like a hippier version of a condo complex, has signed up for MeterHero. Her neighbor, Raines Cohen, says the residents in the 14-home community were already working hard on conserving and have cut back nearly 1,000 gallons a day from their total usage a couple years ago. That level of conservation would net them $3,650 a year in rebates.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“We can see if we can keep that up, but we now have a strong incentive because of rebates,” Cohen says.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Are the rebates enough to make people cut back their water use? We don't know, says MeterHero founder McGee Young.\u003c/p>\n\u003caside class=\"pullquote alignright\">'It's a big experiment. No one has tried to put a price on conservation.'\u003ccite>McGee Young, MeterHero founder \u003c/cite>\u003c/aside>\n\u003cp>“It's a big experiment,\" Young says. \"No one has tried to put a price on conservation.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>What is really innovative here, Young says, is establishing these tangible rebates and a marketplace where they can be exchanged. He says the price may eventually fluctuate based on the demand of the market -- basically, how much companies will pay to sponsor these rebates. This raises the question of who is going to sponsor them.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>MeterHero is currently funding the rebates, but the startup is trying to partner with outside companies. It is in touch with some businesses that see sponsoring rebates as a PR opportunity, a way to show they are conserving water in drought-ridden California.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The startup is also working with companies that sell water conservation products. For those businesses, the rebates would be a way to connect with water-conscious consumers and sell them things like low-flow showerheads and fake grass.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“The biggest challenge these companies face is actually connecting with customers,” Young says.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Right now MeterHero, which also allows people to track gas and electricity use, is just getting started and has signed up 400 water rebate participants. It has given away $5,000 in rebates, which equals 500,000 gallons of water. That does not even make a dent in the state's usage.\u003c/p>\n\u003caside class=\"pullquote alignleft\">'I don't see MeterHero as a panacea, but as a complement to other strategies.'\u003ccite>Economist Michael Price\u003c/cite>\u003c/aside>\n\u003cp>Economist Michael Price researches conservation incentives at Georgia State University. He says, “I don't see MeterHero as a panacea, but as a complement to other strategies.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Water experts say big cutbacks usually come from less flashy and popular things than rebates -- such as rewriting building codes. Last year, California limited new toilets to 1.28 gallon flushes, which is expected to save billions of gallons of water a year.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Still, Price is intrigued by MeterHero’s market-based approach. It's exciting, he says, to \"see that people are thinking about allowing people to trade in this domain.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The idea behind these water rebates is similar to\u003ca href=\"http://science.kqed.org/quest/2012/11/09/cap-and-trade-the-glossary/\"> carbon credits\u003c/a>. Maybe in the future there would even be some kind of cap-and-trade system. If the price goes high enough, someday we might start thinking twice about all that water we flush down the toilet.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>\u003cstrong>Editor's note: \u003c/strong>This story has been revised to add details of how MeterHero works and the number of people signed up for the service. The story has also been edited to clarify the conservation achieved by the Berkeley cohousing group mentioned above. \u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\n",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>Water is cheaper in California than you might think. Just as it is in most of the United States, \u003ca href=\"http://www.circleofblue.org/waternews/2014/world/price-water-2014-6-percent-30-major-u-s-cities-33-percent-rise-since-2010/\">it's less than a penny a gallon\u003c/a>. That is because water is delivered to residents exactly at cost. There are no extra fees or charges on this vital resource.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>This raises a big question. With prices so low, how can the state make residents value water more and conserve it?\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Gov. Jerry Brown and state regulators are trying to get people to cut back with mandates and fines -- the stick approach. But a startup in Oakland \u003ca href=\"https://www.meterhero.com/\">called MeterHero\u003c/a> is trying to change the value of water a different way -- with carrots.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c!-- iframe plugin v.4.3 wordpress.org/plugins/iframe/ -->\u003cbr>\n\u003ciframe width=\"100%\" height=\"166\" scrolling=\"no\" frameborder=\"no\" src=\"https://w.soundcloud.com/player/?url=https%3A//api.soundcloud.com/tracks/207483749&color=ff5500&auto_play=false&hide_related=false&show_comments=true&show_user=true&show_reposts=false\" class=\"iframe-class\">\u003c/iframe>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Like me, you probably waste gallons and gallons of water. For instance, when you let the tap run for the shower to warm up. Yup, we just let all that water go right down the drain. But not Alice Green.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Green says she learned the value of water during the massive drought. No, not this drought -- the one back in the '70s. Today she saves her shower warm-up water and uses it to flush her toilet. She also has a drought-resistant garden instead of a lawn.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Most people in the state are not as water-conscious as Green. She says many do not realize the value of water because it is so cheap. MeterHero agrees and wants to change that, but not by raising the price of water. Instead, it wants to give rebates.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Here's how it works: Water customers give MeterHero access to their utility accounts online. MeterHero tracks current usage and gives rebates to those who use less than they did before -- $1 for every 100 gallons conserved. The rebates give some extra value to water and create a tangible incentive for using less. \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Green’s Berkeley cohousing community, which is like a hippier version of a condo complex, has signed up for MeterHero. Her neighbor, Raines Cohen, says the residents in the 14-home community were already working hard on conserving and have cut back nearly 1,000 gallons a day from their total usage a couple years ago. That level of conservation would net them $3,650 a year in rebates.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“We can see if we can keep that up, but we now have a strong incentive because of rebates,” Cohen says.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Are the rebates enough to make people cut back their water use? We don't know, says MeterHero founder McGee Young.\u003c/p>\n\u003caside class=\"pullquote alignright\">'It's a big experiment. No one has tried to put a price on conservation.'\u003ccite>McGee Young, MeterHero founder \u003c/cite>\u003c/aside>\n\u003cp>“It's a big experiment,\" Young says. \"No one has tried to put a price on conservation.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>What is really innovative here, Young says, is establishing these tangible rebates and a marketplace where they can be exchanged. He says the price may eventually fluctuate based on the demand of the market -- basically, how much companies will pay to sponsor these rebates. This raises the question of who is going to sponsor them.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>MeterHero is currently funding the rebates, but the startup is trying to partner with outside companies. It is in touch with some businesses that see sponsoring rebates as a PR opportunity, a way to show they are conserving water in drought-ridden California.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The startup is also working with companies that sell water conservation products. For those businesses, the rebates would be a way to connect with water-conscious consumers and sell them things like low-flow showerheads and fake grass.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“The biggest challenge these companies face is actually connecting with customers,” Young says.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Right now MeterHero, which also allows people to track gas and electricity use, is just getting started and has signed up 400 water rebate participants. It has given away $5,000 in rebates, which equals 500,000 gallons of water. That does not even make a dent in the state's usage.\u003c/p>\n\u003caside class=\"pullquote alignleft\">'I don't see MeterHero as a panacea, but as a complement to other strategies.'\u003ccite>Economist Michael Price\u003c/cite>\u003c/aside>\n\u003cp>Economist Michael Price researches conservation incentives at Georgia State University. He says, “I don't see MeterHero as a panacea, but as a complement to other strategies.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Water experts say big cutbacks usually come from less flashy and popular things than rebates -- such as rewriting building codes. Last year, California limited new toilets to 1.28 gallon flushes, which is expected to save billions of gallons of water a year.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Still, Price is intrigued by MeterHero’s market-based approach. It's exciting, he says, to \"see that people are thinking about allowing people to trade in this domain.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The idea behind these water rebates is similar to\u003ca href=\"http://science.kqed.org/quest/2012/11/09/cap-and-trade-the-glossary/\"> carbon credits\u003c/a>. Maybe in the future there would even be some kind of cap-and-trade system. If the price goes high enough, someday we might start thinking twice about all that water we flush down the toilet.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>\u003cstrong>Editor's note: \u003c/strong>This story has been revised to add details of how MeterHero works and the number of people signed up for the service. The story has also been edited to clarify the conservation achieved by the Berkeley cohousing group mentioned above. \u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>",
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"disqusTitle": "Santa Barbara Oil Spill: No Automatic Valve on Ruptured Pipeline",
"title": "Santa Barbara Oil Spill: No Automatic Valve on Ruptured Pipeline",
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"content": "\u003cp>LOS ANGELES — The pipeline that leaked thousands of gallons of oil on the California coast was the only pipe of its kind in Santa Barbara County not required to have an automatic shut-off valve because of a court fight nearly three decades ago, a county official said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The original owner of the pipeline skirted the county requirement by successfully arguing in court in the late 1980s that it should be subject to federal oversight because the pipeline is part of an interstate network, said Kevin Drude, deputy director of the county's Energy and Minerals Division. Auto shut-off valves are not required by federal regulators.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"It's the only major pipeline that doesn't have auto shut-off,\" Drude said. \"For us, it's routine.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Federal regulators are investigating the cause of Tuesday's leak that spilled up to 105,000 gallons of crude oil from an underground pipe into a culvert and as much as 21,000 gallons into the ocean at Refugio State Beach. The spill killed untold numbers of fish, at least five pelicans and a sea lion. It also mired other wildlife, including an elephant seal, in the muck.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Plains All American Pipeline was still draining the pipe and trying to locate the leak Saturday. Federal regulators ordered the company to remove the damaged section and send it to a lab for tests on the metal, along with a series of other steps before it could resume pumping oil through the pipe to inland refineries.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Plains said the pipeline had one valve to shut it down if oil flowed in the opposite direction and three valves controlled by operators in its Midland, Texas, control room.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Plains defended its approach to manually shutting down the system, saying it's the standard across the country for liquid pipelines.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"It is much safer for operators who understand the operations of the pipeline to shut it down following a planned sequence of steps than for a computer to automatically close a valve on oil that is traveling in confined space at high pressure,\" Patrick Hodgins, the company's senior director of safety, said Saturday. \"This is all standard operating procedures within our industry.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>While it's not known if an auto shut-off valve would have detected the leak and reduced the size of the spill, environmentalists have criticized the lack of such a device, saying it could have averted or minimized the disaster.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"Everyone is pretty mystified why the pipeline didn't automatically shut down when the leak occurred,\" said Linda Krop, chief counsel of the Environmental Defense Center.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Santa Barbara County regulations sometimes exceed state and federal standards, requiring additional environmental analysis or imposing conditions to further protect health and the environment, Drude said. One additional requirement is a valve that can detect changes consistent with a leak and automatically shut down.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The county successfully fought another operator that didn't want to install automatic shutdown valves on a pipeline from an offshore drilling platform, Drude said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>However, when there was a leak on that line in 1997, an operator overrode the automatic shutdown, and it continued spewing crude into the Pacific Ocean a couple miles from shore. The 10,000 gallon spill fouled 21 miles of shoreline and killed more than 150 birds.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Richard Kuprewicz, president of Accufacts Inc., which investigates pipeline incidents, said such valves aren't always effective, though newer, more sophisticated \"smart\" models provide more accurate signals that can trigger shutdowns.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>A Plains employee discovered the leak early Tuesday afternoon, about three hours after mechanical issues with the pipeline, according to the company. The pipe was restarted for about 20 minutes before a pump failed and then it was shut down because of changes in pressure.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The company said it was looking into whether those earlier problems led to the leak.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>A surge in pressure from starting up a system could cause a leak or exacerbate one, but it's too soon to tell, Kuprewicz said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"In the past, surge pressures have caused pipes to rupture. But there were other failures, too,\" he said, speaking in general and not about the Plains incident. \"If that were the case, that would become fairly evident ... pretty quickly.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Plains All American subsidiaries have reported at least 223 accidents along their lines and spilled a combined 864,300 gallons of hazardous liquids since 2006, according to federal records. The company has been subject to 25 enforcement actions by federal regulators and tallied damages topping $32 million.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The company has defended its record, saying accidental releases have decreased as its pipelines have increased to 17,800 miles.\u003c/p>\n\n",
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"nprByline": "\u003cstrong>\u003ca href=\"https://twitter.com/bmelley\" target=\"_blank\">Brian Melley\u003c/a>\u003cbr />Associated Press\u003c/strong>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>LOS ANGELES — The pipeline that leaked thousands of gallons of oil on the California coast was the only pipe of its kind in Santa Barbara County not required to have an automatic shut-off valve because of a court fight nearly three decades ago, a county official said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The original owner of the pipeline skirted the county requirement by successfully arguing in court in the late 1980s that it should be subject to federal oversight because the pipeline is part of an interstate network, said Kevin Drude, deputy director of the county's Energy and Minerals Division. Auto shut-off valves are not required by federal regulators.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"It's the only major pipeline that doesn't have auto shut-off,\" Drude said. \"For us, it's routine.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Federal regulators are investigating the cause of Tuesday's leak that spilled up to 105,000 gallons of crude oil from an underground pipe into a culvert and as much as 21,000 gallons into the ocean at Refugio State Beach. The spill killed untold numbers of fish, at least five pelicans and a sea lion. It also mired other wildlife, including an elephant seal, in the muck.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Plains All American Pipeline was still draining the pipe and trying to locate the leak Saturday. Federal regulators ordered the company to remove the damaged section and send it to a lab for tests on the metal, along with a series of other steps before it could resume pumping oil through the pipe to inland refineries.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Plains said the pipeline had one valve to shut it down if oil flowed in the opposite direction and three valves controlled by operators in its Midland, Texas, control room.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Plains defended its approach to manually shutting down the system, saying it's the standard across the country for liquid pipelines.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"It is much safer for operators who understand the operations of the pipeline to shut it down following a planned sequence of steps than for a computer to automatically close a valve on oil that is traveling in confined space at high pressure,\" Patrick Hodgins, the company's senior director of safety, said Saturday. \"This is all standard operating procedures within our industry.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>While it's not known if an auto shut-off valve would have detected the leak and reduced the size of the spill, environmentalists have criticized the lack of such a device, saying it could have averted or minimized the disaster.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"Everyone is pretty mystified why the pipeline didn't automatically shut down when the leak occurred,\" said Linda Krop, chief counsel of the Environmental Defense Center.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Santa Barbara County regulations sometimes exceed state and federal standards, requiring additional environmental analysis or imposing conditions to further protect health and the environment, Drude said. One additional requirement is a valve that can detect changes consistent with a leak and automatically shut down.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The county successfully fought another operator that didn't want to install automatic shutdown valves on a pipeline from an offshore drilling platform, Drude said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>However, when there was a leak on that line in 1997, an operator overrode the automatic shutdown, and it continued spewing crude into the Pacific Ocean a couple miles from shore. The 10,000 gallon spill fouled 21 miles of shoreline and killed more than 150 birds.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Richard Kuprewicz, president of Accufacts Inc., which investigates pipeline incidents, said such valves aren't always effective, though newer, more sophisticated \"smart\" models provide more accurate signals that can trigger shutdowns.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>A Plains employee discovered the leak early Tuesday afternoon, about three hours after mechanical issues with the pipeline, according to the company. The pipe was restarted for about 20 minutes before a pump failed and then it was shut down because of changes in pressure.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The company said it was looking into whether those earlier problems led to the leak.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>A surge in pressure from starting up a system could cause a leak or exacerbate one, but it's too soon to tell, Kuprewicz said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"In the past, surge pressures have caused pipes to rupture. But there were other failures, too,\" he said, speaking in general and not about the Plains incident. \"If that were the case, that would become fairly evident ... pretty quickly.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Plains All American subsidiaries have reported at least 223 accidents along their lines and spilled a combined 864,300 gallons of hazardous liquids since 2006, according to federal records. The company has been subject to 25 enforcement actions by federal regulators and tallied damages topping $32 million.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The company has defended its record, saying accidental releases have decreased as its pipelines have increased to 17,800 miles.\u003c/p>\n\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>",
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"disqusTitle": "Santa Barbara Oil Spill: Investigation Underway as Cleanup Continues",
"title": "Santa Barbara Oil Spill: Investigation Underway as Cleanup Continues",
"headTitle": "The California Report | KQED News",
"content": "\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Update, 11:25 a.m. Thursday:\u003c/strong> The latest on the Santa Barbara County oil spill:\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The \u003ca href=\"http://www.latimes.com/local/lanow/la-me-ln-probe-california-coastal-oil-spill-pipe-excavation-20150521-story.html\" target=\"_blank\">Los Angeles Times reports\u003c/a> that crews will begin excavating the 24-inch pipeline that ruptured Tuesday, unleashing a flow of crude oil that has fouled the coastline west of Santa Barbara.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The Coast Guard and other agencies as well as Plains All American Pipeline, the company that owns and operates the line, are still working to figure out exactly how much crude oil escaped. The currently quoted figures indicate that a total of 105,000 gallons flowed out of the pipeline before it was shut down, with 21,000 gallons flowing into a storm drain and through a culvert to the Pacific.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The \u003ca href=\"http://bigstory.ap.org/article/bfabfb08f82643ac942c5a8f1854600c/california-oil-sop-starts-thousands-gallons-gathered\" target=\"_blank\">Associated Press says\u003c/a> that about 7,700 gallons of the thick black oil has been skimmed from coastal waters so far. Cleanup crews onshore and afloat have been aided by light winds and calm seas.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The Times says about 300 cleanup workers were on the beaches Wednesday, with more expected Thursday.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Also still to be assessed: The spill's impact on the area's flora and fauna. On Wednesday, Gov. Jerry Brown declared \u003ca href=\"http://gov.ca.gov/news.php?id=18967\" target=\"_blank\">a state of emergency\u003c/a> in Santa Barbara County, in part to deal with environmental damage.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The Times also delves into \u003ca href=\"http://www.latimes.com/local/california/la-me-oilspill-pipeline-20150521-story.html\" target=\"_blank\">the unhappy safety history\u003c/a> of Plains All American pipeline:\u003c/p>\n\u003cblockquote>\u003cp>Plains Pipeline, the large Texas-based company responsible for the pipe that ruptured in Santa Barbara County, has accumulated 175 safety and maintenance infractions since 2006, according to federal records.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>A Times analysis of data from the Pipeline and Hazardous Materials Safety Administration shows Plains' rate of incidents per mile of pipe is more than three times the national average. Among more than 1,700 pipeline operators listed in a database maintained by the federal agency, only four companies reported more infractions than Plains Pipeline.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The company, which transports and stores crude oil, is part of Plains All American Pipeline, which owns and operates nearly 18,000 miles of pipe networks in several states. It reported $43 billion in revenue in 2014 and $878 million in profit.\u003c/p>\u003c/blockquote>\n\u003cp>Here are links to Thursday morning coverage:\u003c/p>\n\u003cul>\n\u003cli>\u003cstrong>Los Angeles Times:\u003c/strong> \u003ca href=\"http://www.latimes.com/local/lanow/la-me-ln-probe-california-coastal-oil-spill-pipe-excavation-20150521-story.html\" target=\"_blank\">Excavation of ruptured pipe may bring answers\u003c/a>\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>\u003cstrong>Associated Press:\u003c/strong> \u003ca href=\"http://bigstory.ap.org/article/bfabfb08f82643ac942c5a8f1854600c/california-oil-sop-starts-thousands-gallons-gathered\" target=\"_blank\">Thousands of gallons of oil sopped up from California coast\u003c/a>\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>\u003cstrong>Los Angeles Times:\u003c/strong> \u003ca href=\"http://www.latimes.com/local/california/la-me-oilspill-pipeline-20150521-story.html\" target=\"_blank\">Pipeline operator has long record of problems\u003c/a>\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>\u003cstrong>Los Angeles Times:\u003c/strong> \u003ca href=\"http://www.latimes.com/local/california/la-me-oilspill-pipeline-20150521-story.html\" target=\"_blank\">Visitors worry about impact of oil spill on Santa Barbara County coast\u003c/a>\u003c/li>\n\u003c/ul>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Update, 12:30 p.m. Wednesday:\u003c/strong> New information from the company that owns the pipeline involved in Tuesday's Santa Barbara County oil spill suggests much more crude oil may have flowed into the sea than originally estimated.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Earlier, the Coast Guard had estimated the spill at 21,000 gallons, or about 500 barrels.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But Wednesday morning, an official with the company that owns the underground pipeline told the Associated Press that oil was flowing at a peak capacity of 2,000 barrels an hour, or about 84,000 gallons, when it ruptured.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The spill was discovered about noon Tuesday when a visitor to \u003ca href=\"http://www.parks.ca.gov/?page_id=603\" target=\"_blank\">Refugio State Beach\u003c/a>, about 20 miles west of Santa Barbara, reported noxious fumes in the area. Reports have said variously that the flow, which cascaded into a storm drain, then into a culvert under U.S. 101 and into the Pacific, continued for several hours or until 3 p.m.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The flow arithmetic -- 84,000 gallons an hour times several hours -- suggests the spill could exceed many times the initially reported 21,000 gallons.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The Coast Guard said Wednesday that it was still trying to assess the volume of crude that escaped and reported that oil slicks had spread over a 9-mile stretch of coastline.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Darren Palmer, district manager for \u003ca href=\"https://www.plainsallamerican.com/\" target=\"_blank\">Plains All American Pipeline\u003c/a>, said during a press conference Wednesday that the company had performed an integrity check on the line two weeks ago but is still waiting for results.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"We're sorry this accident has happened, and we're sorry for the inconvenience to the community,\" Palmer said, adding Plains All American will pay cleanup costs.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Linda Krop, an attorney with the Santa Barbara-based \u003ca href=\"http://www.environmentaldefensecenter.org/\">Environmental Defense Center\u003c/a>, said she was unhappy by what she described as a lack of urgency in the initial response to the spill.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"It was very disturbing,\" Krop told KQED Science reporter Lauren Sommer.. \"They had evacuated the campers and there was a lot of oil on the beach and in the water. There was no response happening from where we could see.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"It was hard to stand there at 9 p.m. and see nothing happening,\" Krop said. \"And what we were told is these things take time and every spill is different.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>As of midday Wednesday, there were three vessels collecting oil and six vessels putting booms in the water to contain the spill, according to the Office of Spill Prevention and Response at the California Department of Fish and Wildlife. DFW crews were working on the ground to protect sensitive bird sites, including snowy plovers and least tern.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"It's an ecologically sensitive area,\" said Krop. \"This is heavy migrating whale season for us. Closer to shore we have a lot of watersheds with endangered red-legged frog, tidewater goby and steelhead.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The Los Angeles Times (among others) \u003ca href=\"http://www.latimes.com/local/lanow/la-me-ln-santa-barbara-oil-spill-1969-20150520-htmlstory.html\" target=\"_blank\">points out\u003c/a> the site of Tuesday's spill has a unique historical significance: It's along the same stretch of coast ravaged by an oil disaster nearly a half-century ago:\u003c/p>\n\u003cblockquote>\u003cp>The Santa Barbara oil spill of 1969 spewed an estimated 3 million gallons of crude oil into the ocean, creating an oil slick 35 miles long along California’s coast, and killing countless birds, fish and sea mammals.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Following the spill, the region became ground zero for some of the most significant conservation efforts of the 20th century.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The Jan. 28, 1969 blowout was caused by inadequate safety precautions taken by Unocal, which was known then as Union Oil. The company received a waiver from the U.S. Geological Society that allowed it to build a protective casing around the drilling hole that was 61 feet short of the federal minimum requirements at the time.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The resulting explosion was so powerful it cracked the sea floor in five places, and crude oil spewed out of the rupture at a rate of 1,000 gallons an hour for a month before it could be slowed.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The toll of the devastation blinked on TV screens nationwide: beaches painted black, birds with feathers plastered in oily muck, and the corpses of seals and dolphins washing in with the tides.\u003c/p>\u003c/blockquote>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>Here's the latest AP update on the oil spill story: \u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>By Christopher Weber\u003cbr>\nAssociated Press \u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>GOLETA, Santa Barbara County — Slicks of oil that spilled into California coastal waters from an onshore pipeline spanned a total of 9 miles Wednesday, and a company official said the line was operating at full capacity when it broke, suggesting much more oil escaped than initially estimated.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The oil that spilled Tuesday off southern Santa Barbara County formed two slicks, said Coast Guard Capt. Jennifer Williams, one of two federal response coordinators.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Before a morning flyover, the oil was estimated to span 4 miles of ocean.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The spill from a Plains All American Pipeline LP pipe was initially estimated at 21,000 gallons, but officials were not relying on that.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Company official Darren Palmer said Wednesday it remained unknown how much oil actually spilled.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But he said the pipeline was running at a rate of 2,000 barrels an hour — equivalent to 84,000 gallons.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The pipe was built in 1991 and underwent integrity testing a few weeks ago, he said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Palmer said the company took responsibility for the spill and would pay for the cleanup.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Workers from an environmental cleanup company strapped on boots and gloves and picked up shovels and rakes Wednesday to tackle the gobs of goo stuck to sand and rocks along Refugio State Beach.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The rupture happened on the same stretch of coastline as a 1969 spill that was the largest ever in U.S. waters at the time and is credited with giving rise to the American environmental movement.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Members of the International Bird Rescue organization also were on hand Wednesday to clean any birds that become covered with oil, though none were immediately spotted in the calm seas that produced small waves.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Fan Yang, 26, of Indianapolis, stood on a bluff overlooking the beach, where the stench of petroleum was heavy.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"It smells like what they use to pave the roads,\" said Yang, who was hoping to find cleaner beaches in Santa Barbara. \"I'm sad for the birds — if they lose their habitat.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The broken 24-inch pipeline spewed oil down a storm drain and into the Pacific Ocean for several hours Tuesday before it was shut off.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Authorities responding to reports of a foul smell near Refugio State Beach around noon found a half-mile slick in the ocean, county fire Capt. Dave Zaniboni said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Plains All American Pipeline said in a statement it was making every effort to limit the environmental impact.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The state Department of Fish and Wildlife has closed fishing and shellfish harvesting for a mile east and west of the beach.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The area is home to offshore oil rigs, and small amounts of tar from natural seepage regularly show up on beaches. In 1969, several hundred thousand gallons spilled from a blowout on an oil platform, and thousands of seabirds and many marine mammals were killed.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The oil industry brings risks, said Bob Deans, spokesman for the Natural Resources Defense Council.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"Santa Barbara learned that lesson over 40 years ago when offshore drilling led to disaster,\" he said in a statement.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The Santa Barbara-based Environmental Defense Center said having the spill occur in a sensitive and treasured environment is devastating to watch. The group was concerned about whales that migrate through the area.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"Oil spills are part of the ugly cost of fossil fuel development, made even worse by aging domestic infrastructure,\" said Miyoko Sakashita, oceans director for the Center for Biological Diversity.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad floatright]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>It was unclear how long the cleanup would take and whether Refugio Beach and other areas would be reopened in time for Memorial Day weekend.\u003c/p>\n\n",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Update, 11:25 a.m. Thursday:\u003c/strong> The latest on the Santa Barbara County oil spill:\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The \u003ca href=\"http://www.latimes.com/local/lanow/la-me-ln-probe-california-coastal-oil-spill-pipe-excavation-20150521-story.html\" target=\"_blank\">Los Angeles Times reports\u003c/a> that crews will begin excavating the 24-inch pipeline that ruptured Tuesday, unleashing a flow of crude oil that has fouled the coastline west of Santa Barbara.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The Coast Guard and other agencies as well as Plains All American Pipeline, the company that owns and operates the line, are still working to figure out exactly how much crude oil escaped. The currently quoted figures indicate that a total of 105,000 gallons flowed out of the pipeline before it was shut down, with 21,000 gallons flowing into a storm drain and through a culvert to the Pacific.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The \u003ca href=\"http://bigstory.ap.org/article/bfabfb08f82643ac942c5a8f1854600c/california-oil-sop-starts-thousands-gallons-gathered\" target=\"_blank\">Associated Press says\u003c/a> that about 7,700 gallons of the thick black oil has been skimmed from coastal waters so far. Cleanup crews onshore and afloat have been aided by light winds and calm seas.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The Times says about 300 cleanup workers were on the beaches Wednesday, with more expected Thursday.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Also still to be assessed: The spill's impact on the area's flora and fauna. On Wednesday, Gov. Jerry Brown declared \u003ca href=\"http://gov.ca.gov/news.php?id=18967\" target=\"_blank\">a state of emergency\u003c/a> in Santa Barbara County, in part to deal with environmental damage.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The Times also delves into \u003ca href=\"http://www.latimes.com/local/california/la-me-oilspill-pipeline-20150521-story.html\" target=\"_blank\">the unhappy safety history\u003c/a> of Plains All American pipeline:\u003c/p>\n\u003cblockquote>\u003cp>Plains Pipeline, the large Texas-based company responsible for the pipe that ruptured in Santa Barbara County, has accumulated 175 safety and maintenance infractions since 2006, according to federal records.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>A Times analysis of data from the Pipeline and Hazardous Materials Safety Administration shows Plains' rate of incidents per mile of pipe is more than three times the national average. Among more than 1,700 pipeline operators listed in a database maintained by the federal agency, only four companies reported more infractions than Plains Pipeline.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The company, which transports and stores crude oil, is part of Plains All American Pipeline, which owns and operates nearly 18,000 miles of pipe networks in several states. It reported $43 billion in revenue in 2014 and $878 million in profit.\u003c/p>\u003c/blockquote>\n\u003cp>Here are links to Thursday morning coverage:\u003c/p>\n\u003cul>\n\u003cli>\u003cstrong>Los Angeles Times:\u003c/strong> \u003ca href=\"http://www.latimes.com/local/lanow/la-me-ln-probe-california-coastal-oil-spill-pipe-excavation-20150521-story.html\" target=\"_blank\">Excavation of ruptured pipe may bring answers\u003c/a>\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>\u003cstrong>Associated Press:\u003c/strong> \u003ca href=\"http://bigstory.ap.org/article/bfabfb08f82643ac942c5a8f1854600c/california-oil-sop-starts-thousands-gallons-gathered\" target=\"_blank\">Thousands of gallons of oil sopped up from California coast\u003c/a>\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>\u003cstrong>Los Angeles Times:\u003c/strong> \u003ca href=\"http://www.latimes.com/local/california/la-me-oilspill-pipeline-20150521-story.html\" target=\"_blank\">Pipeline operator has long record of problems\u003c/a>\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>\u003cstrong>Los Angeles Times:\u003c/strong> \u003ca href=\"http://www.latimes.com/local/california/la-me-oilspill-pipeline-20150521-story.html\" target=\"_blank\">Visitors worry about impact of oil spill on Santa Barbara County coast\u003c/a>\u003c/li>\n\u003c/ul>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Update, 12:30 p.m. Wednesday:\u003c/strong> New information from the company that owns the pipeline involved in Tuesday's Santa Barbara County oil spill suggests much more crude oil may have flowed into the sea than originally estimated.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Earlier, the Coast Guard had estimated the spill at 21,000 gallons, or about 500 barrels.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But Wednesday morning, an official with the company that owns the underground pipeline told the Associated Press that oil was flowing at a peak capacity of 2,000 barrels an hour, or about 84,000 gallons, when it ruptured.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The spill was discovered about noon Tuesday when a visitor to \u003ca href=\"http://www.parks.ca.gov/?page_id=603\" target=\"_blank\">Refugio State Beach\u003c/a>, about 20 miles west of Santa Barbara, reported noxious fumes in the area. Reports have said variously that the flow, which cascaded into a storm drain, then into a culvert under U.S. 101 and into the Pacific, continued for several hours or until 3 p.m.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The flow arithmetic -- 84,000 gallons an hour times several hours -- suggests the spill could exceed many times the initially reported 21,000 gallons.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The Coast Guard said Wednesday that it was still trying to assess the volume of crude that escaped and reported that oil slicks had spread over a 9-mile stretch of coastline.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Darren Palmer, district manager for \u003ca href=\"https://www.plainsallamerican.com/\" target=\"_blank\">Plains All American Pipeline\u003c/a>, said during a press conference Wednesday that the company had performed an integrity check on the line two weeks ago but is still waiting for results.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"We're sorry this accident has happened, and we're sorry for the inconvenience to the community,\" Palmer said, adding Plains All American will pay cleanup costs.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Linda Krop, an attorney with the Santa Barbara-based \u003ca href=\"http://www.environmentaldefensecenter.org/\">Environmental Defense Center\u003c/a>, said she was unhappy by what she described as a lack of urgency in the initial response to the spill.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"It was very disturbing,\" Krop told KQED Science reporter Lauren Sommer.. \"They had evacuated the campers and there was a lot of oil on the beach and in the water. There was no response happening from where we could see.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"It was hard to stand there at 9 p.m. and see nothing happening,\" Krop said. \"And what we were told is these things take time and every spill is different.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>As of midday Wednesday, there were three vessels collecting oil and six vessels putting booms in the water to contain the spill, according to the Office of Spill Prevention and Response at the California Department of Fish and Wildlife. DFW crews were working on the ground to protect sensitive bird sites, including snowy plovers and least tern.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"It's an ecologically sensitive area,\" said Krop. \"This is heavy migrating whale season for us. Closer to shore we have a lot of watersheds with endangered red-legged frog, tidewater goby and steelhead.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The Los Angeles Times (among others) \u003ca href=\"http://www.latimes.com/local/lanow/la-me-ln-santa-barbara-oil-spill-1969-20150520-htmlstory.html\" target=\"_blank\">points out\u003c/a> the site of Tuesday's spill has a unique historical significance: It's along the same stretch of coast ravaged by an oil disaster nearly a half-century ago:\u003c/p>\n\u003cblockquote>\u003cp>The Santa Barbara oil spill of 1969 spewed an estimated 3 million gallons of crude oil into the ocean, creating an oil slick 35 miles long along California’s coast, and killing countless birds, fish and sea mammals.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Following the spill, the region became ground zero for some of the most significant conservation efforts of the 20th century.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The Jan. 28, 1969 blowout was caused by inadequate safety precautions taken by Unocal, which was known then as Union Oil. The company received a waiver from the U.S. Geological Society that allowed it to build a protective casing around the drilling hole that was 61 feet short of the federal minimum requirements at the time.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The resulting explosion was so powerful it cracked the sea floor in five places, and crude oil spewed out of the rupture at a rate of 1,000 gallons an hour for a month before it could be slowed.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The toll of the devastation blinked on TV screens nationwide: beaches painted black, birds with feathers plastered in oily muck, and the corpses of seals and dolphins washing in with the tides.\u003c/p>\u003c/blockquote>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>Here's the latest AP update on the oil spill story: \u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>By Christopher Weber\u003cbr>\nAssociated Press \u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>GOLETA, Santa Barbara County — Slicks of oil that spilled into California coastal waters from an onshore pipeline spanned a total of 9 miles Wednesday, and a company official said the line was operating at full capacity when it broke, suggesting much more oil escaped than initially estimated.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The oil that spilled Tuesday off southern Santa Barbara County formed two slicks, said Coast Guard Capt. Jennifer Williams, one of two federal response coordinators.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Before a morning flyover, the oil was estimated to span 4 miles of ocean.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The spill from a Plains All American Pipeline LP pipe was initially estimated at 21,000 gallons, but officials were not relying on that.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Company official Darren Palmer said Wednesday it remained unknown how much oil actually spilled.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But he said the pipeline was running at a rate of 2,000 barrels an hour — equivalent to 84,000 gallons.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The pipe was built in 1991 and underwent integrity testing a few weeks ago, he said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Palmer said the company took responsibility for the spill and would pay for the cleanup.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Workers from an environmental cleanup company strapped on boots and gloves and picked up shovels and rakes Wednesday to tackle the gobs of goo stuck to sand and rocks along Refugio State Beach.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The rupture happened on the same stretch of coastline as a 1969 spill that was the largest ever in U.S. waters at the time and is credited with giving rise to the American environmental movement.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Members of the International Bird Rescue organization also were on hand Wednesday to clean any birds that become covered with oil, though none were immediately spotted in the calm seas that produced small waves.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Fan Yang, 26, of Indianapolis, stood on a bluff overlooking the beach, where the stench of petroleum was heavy.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"It smells like what they use to pave the roads,\" said Yang, who was hoping to find cleaner beaches in Santa Barbara. \"I'm sad for the birds — if they lose their habitat.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The broken 24-inch pipeline spewed oil down a storm drain and into the Pacific Ocean for several hours Tuesday before it was shut off.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Authorities responding to reports of a foul smell near Refugio State Beach around noon found a half-mile slick in the ocean, county fire Capt. Dave Zaniboni said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Plains All American Pipeline said in a statement it was making every effort to limit the environmental impact.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The state Department of Fish and Wildlife has closed fishing and shellfish harvesting for a mile east and west of the beach.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The area is home to offshore oil rigs, and small amounts of tar from natural seepage regularly show up on beaches. In 1969, several hundred thousand gallons spilled from a blowout on an oil platform, and thousands of seabirds and many marine mammals were killed.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The oil industry brings risks, said Bob Deans, spokesman for the Natural Resources Defense Council.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"Santa Barbara learned that lesson over 40 years ago when offshore drilling led to disaster,\" he said in a statement.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The Santa Barbara-based Environmental Defense Center said having the spill occur in a sensitive and treasured environment is devastating to watch. The group was concerned about whales that migrate through the area.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"Oil spills are part of the ugly cost of fossil fuel development, made even worse by aging domestic infrastructure,\" said Miyoko Sakashita, oceans director for the Center for Biological Diversity.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"info": "What kind of no sabo word is Hyphenación? For us, it’s about living within a hyphenation. Like being a third-gen Mexican-American from the Texas border now living that Bay Area Chicano life. Like Xorje! Each week we bring together a couple of hyphenated Latinos to talk all about personal life choices: family, careers, relationships, belonging … everything is on the table. ",
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"info": "The Political Mind of Jerry Brown brings listeners the wisdom of the former Governor, Mayor, and presidential candidate. Scott Shafer interviewed Brown for more than 40 hours, covering the former governor's life and half-century in the political game – and Brown has some lessons he'd like to share. ",
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"info": "Our flagship program, helmed by Kai Ryssdal, examines what the day in money delivered, through stories, conversations, newsworthy numbers and more. Updated Monday through Friday at about 3:30 p.m. PT.",
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"mindshift": {
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"info": "The MindShift podcast explores the innovations in education that are shaping how kids learn. Hosts Ki Sung and Katrina Schwartz introduce listeners to educators, researchers, parents and students who are developing effective ways to improve how kids learn. We cover topics like how fed-up administrators are developing surprising tactics to deal with classroom disruptions; how listening to podcasts are helping kids develop reading skills; the consequences of overparenting; and why interdisciplinary learning can engage students on all ends of the traditional achievement spectrum. This podcast is part of the MindShift education site, a division of KQED News. KQED is an NPR/PBS member station based in San Francisco. You can also visit the MindShift website for episodes and supplemental blog posts or tweet us \u003ca href=\"https://twitter.com/MindShiftKQED\">@MindShiftKQED\u003c/a> or visit us at \u003ca href=\"/mindshift\">MindShift.KQED.org\u003c/a>",
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"order": 12
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"info": "\u003cem>Morning Edition\u003c/em> takes listeners around the country and the world with multi-faceted stories and commentaries every weekday. Hosts Steve Inskeep, David Greene and Rachel Martin bring you the latest breaking news and features to prepare you for the day.",
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"info": "For decades, the process for how police police themselves has been inconsistent – if not opaque. In some states, like California, these proceedings were completely hidden. After a new police transparency law unsealed scores of internal affairs files, our reporters set out to examine these cases and the shadow world of police discipline. On Our Watch brings listeners into the rooms where officers are questioned and witnesses are interrogated to find out who this system is really protecting. Is it the officers, or the public they've sworn to serve?",
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"info": "Our weekly podcast explores how the media 'sausage' is made, casts an incisive eye on fluctuations in the marketplace of ideas, and examines threats to the freedom of information and expression in America and abroad. For one hour a week, the show tries to lift the veil from the process of \"making media,\" especially news media, because it's through that lens that we see the world and the world sees us",
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"perspectives": {
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"planet-money": {
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"info": "The economy explained. Imagine you could call up a friend and say, Meet me at the bar and tell me what's going on with the economy. Now imagine that's actually a fun evening.",
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"politicalbreakdown": {
"id": "politicalbreakdown",
"title": "Political Breakdown",
"tagline": "Politics from a personal perspective",
"info": "Political Breakdown is a new series that explores the political intersection of California and the nation. Each week hosts Scott Shafer and Marisa Lagos are joined with a new special guest to unpack politics -- with personality — and offer an insider’s glimpse at how politics happens.",
"airtime": "THU 6:30pm-7pm",
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"possible": {
"id": "possible",
"title": "Possible",
"info": "Possible is hosted by entrepreneur Reid Hoffman and writer Aria Finger. Together in Possible, Hoffman and Finger lead enlightening discussions about building a brighter collective future. The show features interviews with visionary guests like Trevor Noah, Sam Altman and Janette Sadik-Khan. Possible paints an optimistic portrait of the world we can create through science, policy, business, art and our shared humanity. It asks: What if everything goes right for once? How can we get there? Each episode also includes a short fiction story generated by advanced AI GPT-4, serving as a thought-provoking springboard to speculate how humanity could leverage technology for good.",
"airtime": "SUN 2pm",
"imageSrc": "https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/04/Possible-Podcast-Tile-360x360-1.jpg",
"officialWebsiteLink": "https://www.possible.fm/",
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"source": "Possible"
},
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},
"pri-the-world": {
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"title": "PRI's The World: Latest Edition",
"info": "Each weekday, host Marco Werman and his team of producers bring you the world's most interesting stories in an hour of radio that reminds us just how small our planet really is.",
"airtime": "MON-FRI 2pm-3pm",
"imageSrc": "https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/04/The-World-Podcast-Tile-360x360-1.jpg",
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},
"radiolab": {
"id": "radiolab",
"title": "Radiolab",
"info": "A two-time Peabody Award-winner, Radiolab is an investigation told through sounds and stories, and centered around one big idea. In the Radiolab world, information sounds like music and science and culture collide. Hosted by Jad Abumrad and Robert Krulwich, the show is designed for listeners who demand skepticism, but appreciate wonder. WNYC Studios is the producer of other leading podcasts including Freakonomics Radio, Death, Sex & Money, On the Media and many more.",
"airtime": "SUN 12am-1am, SAT 2pm-3pm",
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},
"reveal": {
"id": "reveal",
"title": "Reveal",
"info": "Created by The Center for Investigative Reporting and PRX, Reveal is public radios first one-hour weekly radio show and podcast dedicated to investigative reporting. Credible, fact based and without a partisan agenda, Reveal combines the power and artistry of driveway moment storytelling with data-rich reporting on critically important issues. The result is stories that inform and inspire, arming our listeners with information to right injustices, hold the powerful accountable and improve lives.Reveal is hosted by Al Letson and showcases the award-winning work of CIR and newsrooms large and small across the nation. In a radio and podcast market crowded with choices, Reveal focuses on important and often surprising stories that illuminate the world for our listeners.",
"airtime": "SAT 4pm-5pm",
"imageSrc": "https://ww2.kqed.org/radio/wp-content/uploads/sites/50/2018/04/reveal300px.png",
"officialWebsiteLink": "https://www.revealnews.org/episodes/",
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"source": "npr"
},
"link": "/radio/program/reveal",
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"rss": "http://feeds.revealradio.org/revealpodcast"
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},
"rightnowish": {
"id": "rightnowish",
"title": "Rightnowish",
"tagline": "Art is where you find it",
"info": "Rightnowish digs into life in the Bay Area right now… ish. Journalist Pendarvis Harshaw takes us to galleries painted on the sides of liquor stores in West Oakland. We'll dance in warehouses in the Bayview, make smoothies with kids in South Berkeley, and listen to classical music in a 1984 Cutlass Supreme in Richmond. Every week, Pen talks to movers and shakers about how the Bay Area shapes what they create, and how they shape the place we call home.",
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"source": "kqed",
"order": 16
},
"link": "/podcasts/rightnowish",
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