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"content": "\u003cp>Kaying Moua’s farm sits at the end of a road east of Fresno. Winter mornings are chilly here, and the infamous Central Valley fog often settles near the ground early in the morning before burning off as the day heats up.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Kaying and her husband moved to this 40-acre plot a few years ago, after retiring from Long Beach. They wanted to be closer to their Hmong family and to the outdoors. With more space and free time, Kaying has become an entrepreneur.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Across her land she has planted moringa, a tree native to India but also found in many other tropical places. Kaying and her son, Sam, have set out to prove that the Central Valley, even with its sometimes freezing winter temperatures, can be a good place to grow moringa. It’s a mother-son project that could have a big payoff.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[audio src=\"https://www.kqed.org/.stream/anon/radio/tcrmag/2018/01/SchwartzMoringa.mp3\" Image=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2018/01/Kaying-and-Sam-in-greenhouse-1180x662.jpg\" Title=\"Small Farmers in Fresno Hope for Big Moringa Payoff\" program=\"The California Report\"]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Moringa is a special tree -- it’s fast-growing, drought resistant, doesn’t have special soil needs and is extremely nutritious. Parts of it are often eaten in \u003ca href=\"https://www.newyorker.com/tech/elements/meet-the-moringa-tree-an-overqualified-underachieving-superfood\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">under-developed countries as a nutritional supplement\u003c/a> because it’s high in protein, vitamins A and C, iron, calcium and zinc. Recently, the Western health food industry has discovered it, and some are even \u003ca href=\"https://www.vogue.com/article/moringa-new-superfood-to-know\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">calling it a new “superfood.”\u003c/a>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The fresh leaves taste a little like arugula and mix easily with other flavors, while the pod and seed taste stronger. When it's ground into a fine powder, good-quality moringa is a brilliant green color and smells a bit like wheatgrass.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“We’re trying to pioneer something that’s never been done before,” said Sam Moua. He and his mother have spent years crossbreeding different moringa varietals to find something that can withstand the cold. They’ve also started growing moringa in 18-foot-tall tunnel houses during the winter.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11644129\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 640px\">\u003cimg class=\"size-large wp-image-11644129\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2018/01/moringa-seeds-1020x573.jpg\" alt=\"Moringa seeds grow inside pods that grow two to three feet long. Growing mature trees has allowed Kaying to ensure her next crop comes from good stock.\" width=\"640\" height=\"360\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2018/01/moringa-seeds-1020x573.jpg 1020w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2018/01/moringa-seeds-160x90.jpg 160w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2018/01/moringa-seeds-800x449.jpg 800w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2018/01/moringa-seeds-1920x1078.jpg 1920w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2018/01/moringa-seeds-1180x662.jpg 1180w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2018/01/moringa-seeds-960x539.jpg 960w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2018/01/moringa-seeds-240x135.jpg 240w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2018/01/moringa-seeds-375x211.jpg 375w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2018/01/moringa-seeds-520x292.jpg 520w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 640px) 100vw, 640px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Moringa seeds grow inside pods that can reach 2 to 3 feet. Growing mature trees has allowed Kaying to ensure her next crop comes from good stock. \u003ccite>(Lorena Ramos)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>They’re trying to find ways to keep their moringa alive through the winter so they can get a jump-start on the growing season when the weather heats up.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>They specialize in moringa because they believe there’s a future in it.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“I believe that moringa will make a different impact on the nutritious things we can provide local retail stores,” Sam said. The Moua family doesn't use fertilizer or pesticides on their trees, mostly because moringa doesn’t need it. “We’re trying to get back to natural living,” Sam said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11644131\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 640px\">\u003cimg class=\"size-large wp-image-11644131\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2018/01/moringa-winter-1020x573.jpg\" alt=\"Kaying and Sam Moua have planted thousands of moringa trees. In the winter, they cut the trees back and cover them with thick white plastic to keep the roots warm until spring.\" width=\"640\" height=\"360\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2018/01/moringa-winter-1020x573.jpg 1020w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2018/01/moringa-winter-160x90.jpg 160w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2018/01/moringa-winter-800x449.jpg 800w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2018/01/moringa-winter-1920x1078.jpg 1920w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2018/01/moringa-winter-1180x662.jpg 1180w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2018/01/moringa-winter-960x539.jpg 960w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2018/01/moringa-winter-240x135.jpg 240w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2018/01/moringa-winter-375x211.jpg 375w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2018/01/moringa-winter-520x292.jpg 520w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 640px) 100vw, 640px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Kaying and Sam Moua have planted thousands of moringa trees. In the winter, they cut the trees back and cover them with thick white plastic to keep the roots warm until spring. \u003ccite>(Katrina Schwartz/KQED)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>For Kaying, moringa started as a fun project and became a personal passion. When she moved to the Central Valley from Southern California, where she did electronics assembly, she felt sick all the time. “I didn’t fit this weather at all,” she said. “So I just catch cold and runny nose and allergies all the time.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>She started eating three moringa seeds every night and says she hasn’t been sick since. And she has found all kinds of creative ways to cook with fresh moringa, using the leaves in salad, the young pods in chicken soup, and frying the white flower in her eggs.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The Mouas, along with other Hmong farmers growing moringa, have been working with farm advisers at Fresno County’s \u003ca href=\"http://smallfarmsfresno.ucanr.edu/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">UC Cooperative Extension\u003c/a> to learn how to dry, powder and store their moringa so they can expand into new markets. Most farmers sell it fresh, but most of the health food craze exists around moringa powder, often imported from India.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[gallery columns=\"2\" type=\"rectangular\" ids=\"11644133,11644132,11644141,11644142\"]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“People are using it for anything from blood sugar management to keeping their cholesterols at a healthy level,” said Monica Wilson, owner of B-Alive Vitamins, a health food store in Fresno. “It’s very high in antioxidants. It’s considered a superfood.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Wilson imports the dried and powdered moringa she sells from India, but she’s interested in switching to a local source if she can. “Traceability of our product is really important, so the closer the better,” Wilson said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The UC Extension program is trying to help bridge the gap between small farmers, many who are Hmong, and business owners like Wilson.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Value-added products are a great way for a small family farm to increase their income,” said Ruth Dahlquist-Willard, a small-farm adviser with the program. Many farmers are accustomed to only selling fresh produce. They plant a diverse set of crops in a small area and sell a little bit of everything. Producing a product that requires the extra step of drying, grinding and storing is a whole new world for many of them.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“I think there's a lot of opportunity there,” Dahlquist-Willard said. She’s particularly excited about how a product might bring the younger generation back to their family farms. Kids who have gone off to college for business, marketing or graphic design might see a new kind of future for themselves on the family farm with a product like moringa.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“We want to make sure that the resource that we're producing is a great product,” said Sam Moua. In this mother-son project, he’s the financial brains behind the operation. But Kaying is the chief farmer. Together they hope their innovative ways of growing moringa will not only help them access new markets, but also introduce high-quality moringa to the wider world.\u003c/p>\n\n",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Moringa is a special tree -- it’s fast-growing, drought resistant, doesn’t have special soil needs and is extremely nutritious. Parts of it are often eaten in \u003ca href=\"https://www.newyorker.com/tech/elements/meet-the-moringa-tree-an-overqualified-underachieving-superfood\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">under-developed countries as a nutritional supplement\u003c/a> because it’s high in protein, vitamins A and C, iron, calcium and zinc. Recently, the Western health food industry has discovered it, and some are even \u003ca href=\"https://www.vogue.com/article/moringa-new-superfood-to-know\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">calling it a new “superfood.”\u003c/a>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The fresh leaves taste a little like arugula and mix easily with other flavors, while the pod and seed taste stronger. When it's ground into a fine powder, good-quality moringa is a brilliant green color and smells a bit like wheatgrass.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“We’re trying to pioneer something that’s never been done before,” said Sam Moua. He and his mother have spent years crossbreeding different moringa varietals to find something that can withstand the cold. They’ve also started growing moringa in 18-foot-tall tunnel houses during the winter.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11644129\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 640px\">\u003cimg class=\"size-large wp-image-11644129\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2018/01/moringa-seeds-1020x573.jpg\" alt=\"Moringa seeds grow inside pods that grow two to three feet long. Growing mature trees has allowed Kaying to ensure her next crop comes from good stock.\" width=\"640\" height=\"360\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2018/01/moringa-seeds-1020x573.jpg 1020w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2018/01/moringa-seeds-160x90.jpg 160w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2018/01/moringa-seeds-800x449.jpg 800w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2018/01/moringa-seeds-1920x1078.jpg 1920w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2018/01/moringa-seeds-1180x662.jpg 1180w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2018/01/moringa-seeds-960x539.jpg 960w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2018/01/moringa-seeds-240x135.jpg 240w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2018/01/moringa-seeds-375x211.jpg 375w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2018/01/moringa-seeds-520x292.jpg 520w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 640px) 100vw, 640px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Moringa seeds grow inside pods that can reach 2 to 3 feet. Growing mature trees has allowed Kaying to ensure her next crop comes from good stock. \u003ccite>(Lorena Ramos)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>They’re trying to find ways to keep their moringa alive through the winter so they can get a jump-start on the growing season when the weather heats up.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>They specialize in moringa because they believe there’s a future in it.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“I believe that moringa will make a different impact on the nutritious things we can provide local retail stores,” Sam said. The Moua family doesn't use fertilizer or pesticides on their trees, mostly because moringa doesn’t need it. “We’re trying to get back to natural living,” Sam said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11644131\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 640px\">\u003cimg class=\"size-large wp-image-11644131\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2018/01/moringa-winter-1020x573.jpg\" alt=\"Kaying and Sam Moua have planted thousands of moringa trees. In the winter, they cut the trees back and cover them with thick white plastic to keep the roots warm until spring.\" width=\"640\" height=\"360\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2018/01/moringa-winter-1020x573.jpg 1020w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2018/01/moringa-winter-160x90.jpg 160w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2018/01/moringa-winter-800x449.jpg 800w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2018/01/moringa-winter-1920x1078.jpg 1920w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2018/01/moringa-winter-1180x662.jpg 1180w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2018/01/moringa-winter-960x539.jpg 960w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2018/01/moringa-winter-240x135.jpg 240w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2018/01/moringa-winter-375x211.jpg 375w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2018/01/moringa-winter-520x292.jpg 520w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 640px) 100vw, 640px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Kaying and Sam Moua have planted thousands of moringa trees. In the winter, they cut the trees back and cover them with thick white plastic to keep the roots warm until spring. \u003ccite>(Katrina Schwartz/KQED)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>For Kaying, moringa started as a fun project and became a personal passion. When she moved to the Central Valley from Southern California, where she did electronics assembly, she felt sick all the time. “I didn’t fit this weather at all,” she said. “So I just catch cold and runny nose and allergies all the time.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>She started eating three moringa seeds every night and says she hasn’t been sick since. And she has found all kinds of creative ways to cook with fresh moringa, using the leaves in salad, the young pods in chicken soup, and frying the white flower in her eggs.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The Mouas, along with other Hmong farmers growing moringa, have been working with farm advisers at Fresno County’s \u003ca href=\"http://smallfarmsfresno.ucanr.edu/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">UC Cooperative Extension\u003c/a> to learn how to dry, powder and store their moringa so they can expand into new markets. Most farmers sell it fresh, but most of the health food craze exists around moringa powder, often imported from India.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“People are using it for anything from blood sugar management to keeping their cholesterols at a healthy level,” said Monica Wilson, owner of B-Alive Vitamins, a health food store in Fresno. “It’s very high in antioxidants. It’s considered a superfood.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Wilson imports the dried and powdered moringa she sells from India, but she’s interested in switching to a local source if she can. “Traceability of our product is really important, so the closer the better,” Wilson said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The UC Extension program is trying to help bridge the gap between small farmers, many who are Hmong, and business owners like Wilson.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Value-added products are a great way for a small family farm to increase their income,” said Ruth Dahlquist-Willard, a small-farm adviser with the program. Many farmers are accustomed to only selling fresh produce. They plant a diverse set of crops in a small area and sell a little bit of everything. Producing a product that requires the extra step of drying, grinding and storing is a whole new world for many of them.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“I think there's a lot of opportunity there,” Dahlquist-Willard said. She’s particularly excited about how a product might bring the younger generation back to their family farms. Kids who have gone off to college for business, marketing or graphic design might see a new kind of future for themselves on the family farm with a product like moringa.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“We want to make sure that the resource that we're producing is a great product,” said Sam Moua. In this mother-son project, he’s the financial brains behind the operation. But Kaying is the chief farmer. Together they hope their innovative ways of growing moringa will not only help them access new markets, but also introduce high-quality moringa to the wider world.\u003c/p>\n\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>",
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"disqusTitle": "Montecito Residents Return After Devastating Mudslides",
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"headTitle": "The California Report | KQED News",
"content": "\u003cp>Taking stock of their lives and remembering those who were lost, residents on Thursday trickled back to the Southern California town that was devastated two weeks ago by mudslides that killed at least 21 people and destroyed more than a hundred homes.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Santa Barbara County officials finally lifted evacuation orders this week for about 1,600 people in the hillside enclave of Montecito, while thousands of others still waited for word that it was safe to return.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Sheriff's deputies drove vans full of evacuees back to their homes. The owners of those that were heavily damaged or destroyed were allowed to briefly search the rubble for precious belongings.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Curtis Skene fought back tears as firefighters uncovered old photographs of his father in the ruins of his home.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"You have to be grateful you're OK,\" Skene said. \"It's just stuff.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Eric and Pamela Arneson found their home still standing. While he dug through their refrigerator, throwing away spoiled food and chuckling at how bad it smelled, she took notes on each item to submit to their insurance company. [contextly_sidebar id=\"JiUYZzE0tBGhQe4MeKO8YnrSBLaIS6FM\"]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The couple initially remained in their home after the mudslides but later stayed with friends and then in a hotel when their electricity was shut off a few days later.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"We can't feel sorry for ourselves. Our lives are OK. Our house is OK,\" Eric Arneson said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The couple bought their home in 1972 and had attended church with John McManigal, who died in the mudslides.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"He was the rock of our church,\" Pamela Arneson said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Authorities warned that the returns would be gradual and many people would have to stay out until at least the end of the month.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>https://twitter.com/countyofsb/status/956558181945233409\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The town's narrow streets were clogged with bulldozers and utility trucks as crews remove mud and boulders and rebuild drainage pipes and power lines. Utility workers are also busy restoring water and sewage pipes, gas service and electricity.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Montecito was hit by debris-laden flash floods on Jan. 9 when downpours from a storm hit mountain slopes burned bare by a huge wildfire. Hundreds of homes were damaged. A 17-year-old boy and 2-year-old girl remain missing.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The majority of residents and businesses in and around the town of about 9,000 people have yet to receive an all-clear advisory.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>https://twitter.com/countyofsb/status/956943589925445634\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>On Thursday attorneys announced a class-action lawsuit they have filed on behalf of a group of Montecito residents and business owners. They are suing the utility Southern California Edison, saying it had a role in starting the fire that led to the subsequent displacement and devastation. It comes after a similar lawsuit filed last week that names Edison and a Montecito local utility.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Officials have not given a cause of the fire, and Edison says it's premature to speculate on the litigation before the investigation is completed.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Village Service Station reopened shortly after the mudslides, providing fuel, food and restrooms for emergency responders.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Owner Keith Slocum said Thursday that \"it looked like a Third World country\" in the days after the disaster, but since then crews have made significant progress clearing roads. He's eager to learn when neighboring businesses will be allowed to reopen.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"We really could use something definitive,\" he said. \"I don't know what the benchmarks are for why they open some parts and don't open others.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>Associated Press writers Christopher Weber and Andrew Dalton contributed from Los Angeles.\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\n",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>Taking stock of their lives and remembering those who were lost, residents on Thursday trickled back to the Southern California town that was devastated two weeks ago by mudslides that killed at least 21 people and destroyed more than a hundred homes.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Santa Barbara County officials finally lifted evacuation orders this week for about 1,600 people in the hillside enclave of Montecito, while thousands of others still waited for word that it was safe to return.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Sheriff's deputies drove vans full of evacuees back to their homes. The owners of those that were heavily damaged or destroyed were allowed to briefly search the rubble for precious belongings.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Curtis Skene fought back tears as firefighters uncovered old photographs of his father in the ruins of his home.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"You have to be grateful you're OK,\" Skene said. \"It's just stuff.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Eric and Pamela Arneson found their home still standing. While he dug through their refrigerator, throwing away spoiled food and chuckling at how bad it smelled, she took notes on each item to submit to their insurance company. \u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The couple initially remained in their home after the mudslides but later stayed with friends and then in a hotel when their electricity was shut off a few days later.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"We can't feel sorry for ourselves. Our lives are OK. Our house is OK,\" Eric Arneson said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The couple bought their home in 1972 and had attended church with John McManigal, who died in the mudslides.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"He was the rock of our church,\" Pamela Arneson said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Authorities warned that the returns would be gradual and many people would have to stay out until at least the end of the month.\u003c/p>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\n\u003cp>The town's narrow streets were clogged with bulldozers and utility trucks as crews remove mud and boulders and rebuild drainage pipes and power lines. Utility workers are also busy restoring water and sewage pipes, gas service and electricity.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Montecito was hit by debris-laden flash floods on Jan. 9 when downpours from a storm hit mountain slopes burned bare by a huge wildfire. Hundreds of homes were damaged. A 17-year-old boy and 2-year-old girl remain missing.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The majority of residents and businesses in and around the town of about 9,000 people have yet to receive an all-clear advisory.\u003c/p>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\n\u003cp>On Thursday attorneys announced a class-action lawsuit they have filed on behalf of a group of Montecito residents and business owners. They are suing the utility Southern California Edison, saying it had a role in starting the fire that led to the subsequent displacement and devastation. It comes after a similar lawsuit filed last week that names Edison and a Montecito local utility.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Officials have not given a cause of the fire, and Edison says it's premature to speculate on the litigation before the investigation is completed.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Village Service Station reopened shortly after the mudslides, providing fuel, food and restrooms for emergency responders.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Owner Keith Slocum said Thursday that \"it looked like a Third World country\" in the days after the disaster, but since then crews have made significant progress clearing roads. He's eager to learn when neighboring businesses will be allowed to reopen.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"We really could use something definitive,\" he said. \"I don't know what the benchmarks are for why they open some parts and don't open others.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>Associated Press writers Christopher Weber and Andrew Dalton contributed from Los Angeles.\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>",
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"disqusTitle": "In California's Sierra Nevada, Putting the Trees to Work",
"title": "In California's Sierra Nevada, Putting the Trees to Work",
"headTitle": "The California Report | KQED News",
"content": "\u003cp>This is going to be a big year for one of the state’s smallest agencies.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>As California redoubles its efforts to reduce greenhouse gases, officials are rooting around for new ways to meet the state’s goals. Included in their plan: recruiting billions of redwood, oak and pine trees to help diminish planet-warming gases by pulling carbon dioxide from the atmosphere.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>It’s a major pivot, from regulating harmful emissions solely from factories and cars to calling on nature to pitch in. Officials say 2018 is the moment for the state to harness -- and fully measure -- the role forests can play in addressing the pressing problems of wildfires and the dangerous releases of carbon that occur when millions of forested acres burn. Both issues are accelerating in alarming, parallel lines.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>A good bit of the work will fall to the \u003ca href=\"http://www.sierranevadaconservancy.ca.gov/\" rel=\"noopener\" target=\"_blank\">Sierra Nevada Conservancy\u003c/a>, one of 10 conservancies within the state’s Natural Resources Agency.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The group -- two dozen multitasking scientists, biologists and planners in a nondescript office park in Auburn, an old gold-rush town in the Sierra foothills -- was born in 2004 with a mandate nearly as vast as the region. Like the state’s iconic coastline, the Sierra Nevada mountains are a defining feature of California, rising sharply to dizzying elevations, topping out at Mount Whitney’s 14,500 feet, the highest peak in the lower 48 states.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The range, tracing the spine of the state across 22 counties from the Oregon border to deep inside the Mojave Desert south of Bakersfield, holds most of California’s forested land and is the source of 60 percent of the state’s drinking water.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The conservancy is charged with restoring the Sierra’s environmental and economic health, on a modest $4.5 million annual operating budget derived entirely from the environmental license-plate fund. The bulk of its work, such as facilitating research and making grants for forest and watershed restoration projects, is paid for with state bond money.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[contextly_sidebar id=\"QBUTED6Xau5cVVjZhg7GZ45Hexkkj63k\"]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The group has no bulldozers or chain saws; it’s largely a clearinghouse and planning entity. But its casual work space lacks the stuffiness of Capitol offices: jeans and hiking boots substitute for Sacramento’s skinny suits and wing-tip shoes. Even with an already full to-do list, executive director Jim Branham says, the organization is ready to take on an expanded role policing carbon in the region’s forests.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“There is a sense of urgency,” Branham said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The Sierra forests are overgrown and susceptible to both fire and pests, Branham noted. Last year was the most destructive fire year on record, and the state and national forests within California’s boundaries are strewn with 129 million dead trees, felled by flames, disease and insects. Years of drought, disease and dead wood fed the infernos. The extent of forest loss could not have been foreseen, Branham said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Some of the best scientists in the world have looked at this and didn’t come close to predicting what happened,” he said. “Our worst fears were nowhere near what actually happened. It’s been far worse.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c!-- iframe plugin v.4.3 wordpress.org/plugins/iframe/ -->\u003cbr>\n\u003ciframe src=\"https://player.vimeo.com/video/252242317\" width=\"800\" height=\"450\" frameborder=\"0\" scrolling=\"yes\" class=\"iframe-class\">\u003c/iframe>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>It’s the conservancy’s unique job to fashion a response appealing to a mosaic of land owners -- including the federal government, whose land is included in the conservancy’s brief. The federal component alone is a contentious issue for some of the three-quarter-million Sierra residents.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The sprawling Sierra, its deep forests studded with icy blue lakes, is not just a geological divide but also a political one. Towns tucked into these foothills and mountains are often deeply conservative and proudly self-sufficient.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Some residents are of the opinion that government -- Sacramento and Washington alike -- is already too present in their lives and businesses. The California Farm Bureau was on record opposing the establishment of the conservancy. When the Legislature created it, some locals looked askance at what they anticipated would be yet another bureaucratic agency bossing them around.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Doug Teeter was among those residents. Teeter, who is on the Butte County Board of Supervisors, said increasing limits on the use of off-road vehicles and other recreation on federal lands had caused him to harbor anti-government views. When it became his turn to sit on the conservancy’s 16-member board, he was skeptical.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“I was hesitant,” he said, fearing the influence of outside environmentalists would impose their will on the region.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But while the agency often conceives of and oversees projects, it does not have the staff to undertake them, instead funding local, state or federal agencies and groups. When it became clear that the conservancy’s focus was clearing out forests and shoring up watersheds, Teeter was won over. The agency has doled out $60 million in grants since its inception, rather than hand down edicts, and that has gone a long way to win over locals, he said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[contextly_sidebar id=\"GSqHFJw4R7ViGNwU81guw9YsR3emxzhM\"]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“My community has been a big recipient of SNC grants,” Teeter said. Grants to Butte County have gone to restoration of natural streams, the thinning of forests for fire safety and a wastewater project in the town of Paradise, near Chico. “I see the on-the-ground effort that the conservancy has made in our community. Money talks, and people listen when they want that money.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The Sierra had a once-booming economy as the center of the gold rush and timber cutting, but those industries are in the rearview mirror. Today, people are hurting. Branham, who has been running the conservancy since its inception and is sensitive to local sentiment, found a way to marry the needs of the forest to the economy. He made a strategic decision to achieve results by bringing together groups historically indisposed to sitting at the same table: county officials, timber companies, environmental groups and federal land managers.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Lacking the regulatory teeth to force landowners or counties to act, the conservancy took a soft-power approach, acting as a broker to champion projects that either employed local businesses or boosted the region’s economy through forest clearing or watershed projects.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Restoring forests is “a tremendous economic driver” Branham said. “That’s the other part of our mission. It puts people to work and produces material from, the forest. It was a pretty nice fit to say this ecological restoration initiative across the region serves to make the environment healthier, but it can also serve to make the economy work better.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The scope of the conservancy’s mission narrowed after the devastating 2013 \u003ca href=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/science/tag/rim-fire/\" rel=\"noopener\" target=\"_blank\">Rim Fire\u003c/a>, which raged for more than a year, burning a quarter-million acres of forest in the central Sierra. That fire made it clear the conservancy could not mend every broken place in its portfolio.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11644323\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 800px\">\u003cimg src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2018/01/RimFire-800x534.jpg\" alt=\"Flames from the Rim Fire consume trees on August 25, 2013 near Groveland.\" width=\"800\" height=\"534\" class=\"size-medium wp-image-11644323\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2018/01/RimFire-800x534.jpg 800w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2018/01/RimFire-160x107.jpg 160w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2018/01/RimFire-1020x681.jpg 1020w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2018/01/RimFire.jpg 1920w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2018/01/RimFire-1180x787.jpg 1180w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2018/01/RimFire-960x641.jpg 960w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2018/01/RimFire-240x160.jpg 240w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2018/01/RimFire-375x250.jpg 375w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2018/01/RimFire-520x347.jpg 520w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Flames from the Rim Fire consume trees on August 25, 2013 near Groveland. \u003ccite>(Justin Sullivan/Getty Images)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Since then, Branham said, the agency’s work has focused more on forest thinning to minimize fire threats and sustain healthier trees, which stabilize slopes that store valuable water underground. That work clearly dovetails with the state’s interest in using forests to capture carbon emissions and finding ways to reduce the significant carbon release that accompanies massive wildfires.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The conservancy has recently partnered with Cal Fire, which is turning over $5 million in proceeds from the state’s cap-and-trade system for reducing harmful emissions. The money will pay for forest and watershed restoration around Lake Tahoe that is expected to create multiple benefits: Clearing crowded forests allows more healthy trees to grow, take in and store carbon in the ground and stabilize soils that hold water.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“I applaud the Sierra Nevada Conservancy’s work to increase the amount of carbon captured by our forests,” said state Sen. Bob Wieckowski, a Democrat from Fremont who chairs the Senate Environmental Quality Committee. “The more we can rely on our green infrastructure and let nature help us to mitigate climate change... The better off we will be.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But even the most generous of grants, welcome as they are, don’t go a long way across a vast landscape. A $25 million grant from a state water bond was greeted with excitement but tempered by the enormity of the Sierra itself.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“We thought, ‘Awesome, that’s, uh, … one … dollar …. per… acre,’“ said Brittany Covich, the agency’s outreach manager.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>More money and political will may be available this year, from more cap-and-trade revenue and funding directed by the state Air Resources Board to manage greenhouse gases. Projects those funds could pay for are in the planning stages.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Branham has been around long enough to know that the political spotlight seldom lingers, and the important thing is to act quickly.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“My experience with these issues is sometimes those opportunities close quicker than you would expect,” he said. “It’s a matter of how much can we do.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad floatright]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>CALmatters.org is a nonprofit, nonpartisan media venture explaining California policies and politics.\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\n",
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"excerpt": "Efforts to restore the Sierra’s environmental health focus on forest thinning to minimize fire threat and sustain healthier trees, which stabilize slopes that store valuable water underground.",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>This is going to be a big year for one of the state’s smallest agencies.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>As California redoubles its efforts to reduce greenhouse gases, officials are rooting around for new ways to meet the state’s goals. Included in their plan: recruiting billions of redwood, oak and pine trees to help diminish planet-warming gases by pulling carbon dioxide from the atmosphere.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>It’s a major pivot, from regulating harmful emissions solely from factories and cars to calling on nature to pitch in. Officials say 2018 is the moment for the state to harness -- and fully measure -- the role forests can play in addressing the pressing problems of wildfires and the dangerous releases of carbon that occur when millions of forested acres burn. Both issues are accelerating in alarming, parallel lines.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>A good bit of the work will fall to the \u003ca href=\"http://www.sierranevadaconservancy.ca.gov/\" rel=\"noopener\" target=\"_blank\">Sierra Nevada Conservancy\u003c/a>, one of 10 conservancies within the state’s Natural Resources Agency.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The group -- two dozen multitasking scientists, biologists and planners in a nondescript office park in Auburn, an old gold-rush town in the Sierra foothills -- was born in 2004 with a mandate nearly as vast as the region. Like the state’s iconic coastline, the Sierra Nevada mountains are a defining feature of California, rising sharply to dizzying elevations, topping out at Mount Whitney’s 14,500 feet, the highest peak in the lower 48 states.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The range, tracing the spine of the state across 22 counties from the Oregon border to deep inside the Mojave Desert south of Bakersfield, holds most of California’s forested land and is the source of 60 percent of the state’s drinking water.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The conservancy is charged with restoring the Sierra’s environmental and economic health, on a modest $4.5 million annual operating budget derived entirely from the environmental license-plate fund. The bulk of its work, such as facilitating research and making grants for forest and watershed restoration projects, is paid for with state bond money.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The group has no bulldozers or chain saws; it’s largely a clearinghouse and planning entity. But its casual work space lacks the stuffiness of Capitol offices: jeans and hiking boots substitute for Sacramento’s skinny suits and wing-tip shoes. Even with an already full to-do list, executive director Jim Branham says, the organization is ready to take on an expanded role policing carbon in the region’s forests.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“There is a sense of urgency,” Branham said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The Sierra forests are overgrown and susceptible to both fire and pests, Branham noted. Last year was the most destructive fire year on record, and the state and national forests within California’s boundaries are strewn with 129 million dead trees, felled by flames, disease and insects. Years of drought, disease and dead wood fed the infernos. The extent of forest loss could not have been foreseen, Branham said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Some of the best scientists in the world have looked at this and didn’t come close to predicting what happened,” he said. “Our worst fears were nowhere near what actually happened. It’s been far worse.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c!-- iframe plugin v.4.3 wordpress.org/plugins/iframe/ -->\u003cbr>\n\u003ciframe src=\"https://player.vimeo.com/video/252242317\" width=\"800\" height=\"450\" frameborder=\"0\" scrolling=\"yes\" class=\"iframe-class\">\u003c/iframe>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>It’s the conservancy’s unique job to fashion a response appealing to a mosaic of land owners -- including the federal government, whose land is included in the conservancy’s brief. The federal component alone is a contentious issue for some of the three-quarter-million Sierra residents.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The sprawling Sierra, its deep forests studded with icy blue lakes, is not just a geological divide but also a political one. Towns tucked into these foothills and mountains are often deeply conservative and proudly self-sufficient.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Some residents are of the opinion that government -- Sacramento and Washington alike -- is already too present in their lives and businesses. The California Farm Bureau was on record opposing the establishment of the conservancy. When the Legislature created it, some locals looked askance at what they anticipated would be yet another bureaucratic agency bossing them around.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Doug Teeter was among those residents. Teeter, who is on the Butte County Board of Supervisors, said increasing limits on the use of off-road vehicles and other recreation on federal lands had caused him to harbor anti-government views. When it became his turn to sit on the conservancy’s 16-member board, he was skeptical.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“I was hesitant,” he said, fearing the influence of outside environmentalists would impose their will on the region.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But while the agency often conceives of and oversees projects, it does not have the staff to undertake them, instead funding local, state or federal agencies and groups. When it became clear that the conservancy’s focus was clearing out forests and shoring up watersheds, Teeter was won over. The agency has doled out $60 million in grants since its inception, rather than hand down edicts, and that has gone a long way to win over locals, he said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“My community has been a big recipient of SNC grants,” Teeter said. Grants to Butte County have gone to restoration of natural streams, the thinning of forests for fire safety and a wastewater project in the town of Paradise, near Chico. “I see the on-the-ground effort that the conservancy has made in our community. Money talks, and people listen when they want that money.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The Sierra had a once-booming economy as the center of the gold rush and timber cutting, but those industries are in the rearview mirror. Today, people are hurting. Branham, who has been running the conservancy since its inception and is sensitive to local sentiment, found a way to marry the needs of the forest to the economy. He made a strategic decision to achieve results by bringing together groups historically indisposed to sitting at the same table: county officials, timber companies, environmental groups and federal land managers.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Lacking the regulatory teeth to force landowners or counties to act, the conservancy took a soft-power approach, acting as a broker to champion projects that either employed local businesses or boosted the region’s economy through forest clearing or watershed projects.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Restoring forests is “a tremendous economic driver” Branham said. “That’s the other part of our mission. It puts people to work and produces material from, the forest. It was a pretty nice fit to say this ecological restoration initiative across the region serves to make the environment healthier, but it can also serve to make the economy work better.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The scope of the conservancy’s mission narrowed after the devastating 2013 \u003ca href=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/science/tag/rim-fire/\" rel=\"noopener\" target=\"_blank\">Rim Fire\u003c/a>, which raged for more than a year, burning a quarter-million acres of forest in the central Sierra. That fire made it clear the conservancy could not mend every broken place in its portfolio.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11644323\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 800px\">\u003cimg src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2018/01/RimFire-800x534.jpg\" alt=\"Flames from the Rim Fire consume trees on August 25, 2013 near Groveland.\" width=\"800\" height=\"534\" class=\"size-medium wp-image-11644323\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2018/01/RimFire-800x534.jpg 800w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2018/01/RimFire-160x107.jpg 160w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2018/01/RimFire-1020x681.jpg 1020w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2018/01/RimFire.jpg 1920w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2018/01/RimFire-1180x787.jpg 1180w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2018/01/RimFire-960x641.jpg 960w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2018/01/RimFire-240x160.jpg 240w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2018/01/RimFire-375x250.jpg 375w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2018/01/RimFire-520x347.jpg 520w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Flames from the Rim Fire consume trees on August 25, 2013 near Groveland. \u003ccite>(Justin Sullivan/Getty Images)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Since then, Branham said, the agency’s work has focused more on forest thinning to minimize fire threats and sustain healthier trees, which stabilize slopes that store valuable water underground. That work clearly dovetails with the state’s interest in using forests to capture carbon emissions and finding ways to reduce the significant carbon release that accompanies massive wildfires.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The conservancy has recently partnered with Cal Fire, which is turning over $5 million in proceeds from the state’s cap-and-trade system for reducing harmful emissions. The money will pay for forest and watershed restoration around Lake Tahoe that is expected to create multiple benefits: Clearing crowded forests allows more healthy trees to grow, take in and store carbon in the ground and stabilize soils that hold water.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“I applaud the Sierra Nevada Conservancy’s work to increase the amount of carbon captured by our forests,” said state Sen. Bob Wieckowski, a Democrat from Fremont who chairs the Senate Environmental Quality Committee. “The more we can rely on our green infrastructure and let nature help us to mitigate climate change... The better off we will be.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But even the most generous of grants, welcome as they are, don’t go a long way across a vast landscape. A $25 million grant from a state water bond was greeted with excitement but tempered by the enormity of the Sierra itself.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“We thought, ‘Awesome, that’s, uh, … one … dollar …. per… acre,’“ said Brittany Covich, the agency’s outreach manager.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>More money and political will may be available this year, from more cap-and-trade revenue and funding directed by the state Air Resources Board to manage greenhouse gases. Projects those funds could pay for are in the planning stages.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Branham has been around long enough to know that the political spotlight seldom lingers, and the important thing is to act quickly.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“My experience with these issues is sometimes those opportunities close quicker than you would expect,” he said. “It’s a matter of how much can we do.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>CALmatters.org is a nonprofit, nonpartisan media venture explaining California policies and politics.\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>",
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"disqusTitle": "Healthy to Eat, Unhealthy to Grow: Strawberries Embody the Contradictions of California Agriculture",
"title": "Healthy to Eat, Unhealthy to Grow: Strawberries Embody the Contradictions of California Agriculture",
"headTitle": "The California Dream | The California Report | KQED News",
"content": "\u003cp>\u003cem>\u003ca href=\"https://theconversation.com/profiles/julie-guthman-420662\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Julie Guthman\u003c/a> is professor of social sciences at \u003ca href=\"http://theconversation.com/institutions/university-of-california-santa-cruz-1451\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">UC Santa Cruz.\u003c/a>\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Agricultural abundance is a pillar of the California Dream. In 2016, the state turned out \u003ca href=\"https://www.cdfa.ca.gov/statistics/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">more than $45 billion worth\u003c/a> of meat, milk and crops. Long before nutritionists agreed that fresh fruits and vegetables should be the center of American diets, California farmers had planted much of their land with these products, and today they produce \u003ca href=\"https://www.cdfa.ca.gov/farm_bill/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">half of the nation’s fruits, vegetables and nuts\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But although fruits and vegetables are vaunted as healthy foods, their impact as crops is quite different. On many California produce farms, wages are low, working conditions are poor and farmers use enormous quantities of pesticides and precious water. This is the central contradiction of California agriculture.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>For the past five years I have been studying California’s strawberry industry, which currently is the state’s \u003ca href=\"https://www.cdfa.ca.gov/statistics/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">sixth-\u003c/a>most-important commodity in terms of the value of crops sold. Strawberries are attractive, reasonably nutritious and occasionally tasty fruits, and can be grown and eaten within California nearly year-round. But the industry’s growth has relied on the heavy use of toxic chemicals, and now growers face heightened restrictions on some of their most favored chemicals: soil fumigants. Unfortunately, less toxic or non-chemical strategies that would allow strawberries to be grown for a mass market, maintaining affordable prices, are elusive and likely to remain so.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11643736\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 800px\">\u003cimg class=\"size-medium wp-image-11643736\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2018/01/strawberry-pickers-800x518.jpg\" alt=\"Line of strawberry pickers in a field\" width=\"800\" height=\"518\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2018/01/strawberry-pickers-800x518.jpg 800w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2018/01/strawberry-pickers-160x104.jpg 160w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2018/01/strawberry-pickers-960x621.jpg 960w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2018/01/strawberry-pickers-240x155.jpg 240w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2018/01/strawberry-pickers-375x243.jpg 375w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2018/01/strawberry-pickers-520x336.jpg 520w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2018/01/strawberry-pickers.jpg 1000w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Strawberry pickers in Salinas, California, photographed April 27, 2009. \u003ccite>(\u003ca href=\"https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/1/10/Xp3-dot-us_DSC8991.jpg\">Holgerhubbs\u003c/a>, \u003ca href=\"http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/\">Wikimedia Commons\u003c/a>)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003ch2>Chemical Dependence\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>Although strawberry production once was scattered throughout the state, by the 1960s it had concentrated in coastal zones to take advantage of sandy soils and mild temperatures. Thereafter, the industry saw tremendous growth in productivity. In Monterey and Santa Cruz counties alone, \u003ca href=\"https://doi.org/10.3733/ca.2016a0001\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">acreage more than tripled and production increased tenfold\u003c/a> from 1960 to 2014. Much of this growth was enabled by advances in plant breeding and use of plastic tarps to absorb heat, allowing growers to increase the length of strawberry seasons.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But the main driver of growth has been the use of pre-plant chemical fumigants. Growers hire pest control companies to fumigate soils before planting strawberries in order to kill soil-borne pests -- most importantly, plant pathogens such as \u003cem>Verticillium dahliae\u003c/em> and \u003cem>Macrophomina phaseolina\u003c/em>. Without such treatment, these pathogens cause strawberry plants to wilt and die.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Now, however, the industry’s fumigant of choice -- methyl bromide -- can no longer be used in strawberry fruit production. In 1991, methyl bromide was banned under the \u003ca href=\"http://ozone.unep.org/en/treaties-and-decisions/montreal-protocol-substances-deplete-ozone-layer\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Montreal Protocol on Substances that Deplete the Ozone Layer\u003c/a>. The United States was supposed to phase out use by 2005, a deadline that was extended to 2015 and didn’t really take effect until two years later. Even so, this toxic chemical can still be used in nursery production to ensure that starter plants are virus- and pathogen-free.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11643737\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 800px\">\u003cimg class=\"size-medium wp-image-11643737\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2018/01/strawberry-danger-file-20180119-110103-1x1y52i-800x534.jpg\" alt=\"Danger sign in front of strawberry field\" width=\"800\" height=\"534\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2018/01/strawberry-danger-file-20180119-110103-1x1y52i-800x534.jpg 800w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2018/01/strawberry-danger-file-20180119-110103-1x1y52i-160x107.jpg 160w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2018/01/strawberry-danger-file-20180119-110103-1x1y52i-960x640.jpg 960w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2018/01/strawberry-danger-file-20180119-110103-1x1y52i-240x160.jpg 240w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2018/01/strawberry-danger-file-20180119-110103-1x1y52i-375x250.jpg 375w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2018/01/strawberry-danger-file-20180119-110103-1x1y52i-520x347.jpg 520w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2018/01/strawberry-danger-file-20180119-110103-1x1y52i.jpg 1000w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Recently fumigated field in Watsonville, California, on Oct. 11, 2009. \u003ccite>(\u003ca class=\"source\" href=\"https://flic.kr/p/791REj\">Benketaro\u003c/a>, \u003ca class=\"license\" href=\"http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/\">CC BY\u003c/a>)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>One potential replacement, methyl iodide, was approved for use in late 2010. But it was \u003ca href=\"http://calag.ucanr.edu/Archive/?article=ca.2016a0003\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">withdrawn from the market in 2012\u003c/a> following an activist campaign and lawsuit that accused California regulators of performing an inadequate review of potential health risks to workers and the general public. Among other things, the chemical is a known \u003ca href=\"http://www.stpp.ucla.edu/sites/default/files/Final%20Report%20SRC.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">neurotoxin and carcinogen\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Other fumigants are still allowed, but their use is increasingly restricted by buffer zones and township quotas. Consequently, growers are contending with \u003ca href=\"https://doi.org/10.1080/15538362.2012.697000\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">heightened levels of plant disease\u003c/a>, some from pathogens that had never before been evident in California strawberry fields.\u003c/p>\n\u003ch2>An Embedded System\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>Can California find a less toxic way to raise \u003ca href=\"http://edis.ifas.ufl.edu/LyraEDISServlet?command=getImageDetail&image_soid=FIGURE%207&document_soid=FE971&document_version=1\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">90 percent of the nation’s fresh strawberries\u003c/a>? Although the strawberry industry is \u003ca href=\"http://www.calstrawberry.com/Portals/0/images/2013-CSC_enviroreport_web.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">investing significant resources into non-chemical alternatives to manage soil-borne disease\u003c/a>, the obstacles are formidable. The entire production system, including reliance on fumigants, is \u003ca href=\"https://doi.org/10.3733/ca.2017a0017\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">embedded into the cost of land\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Fumigation has allowed growers to plant on the same blocks of land, year after year, and not worry about soil disease. With fumigation available to control pathogens, strawberry breeders have emphasized productivity, beauty and durability rather than pathogen resistance. Meanwhile, nursery production has shifted away from prime fruit-growing regions along the coast to take advantage of different environments for plant propagation, enabling coastal land to be used solely for growing fruit.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Together these innovations have allowed growers to keep prime strawberry land in production every year for much of the year, yielding exceptional amounts of fruit. High land prices reflect these expectations and make it unprofitable to grow strawberries using less intensive methods. The Pacific Ocean’s natural summer air conditioning is attractive to suburbanites as well as strawberries, so coastal development is putting additional pressure on the cost of strawberry land while at the same time increasing public pressure to control use of fumigants.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11643738\" class=\"wp-caption alignleft\" style=\"max-width: 160px\">\u003cimg class=\"size-thumbnail wp-image-11643738\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2018/01/strawberry4-file-20180119-110106-1rcwmmh-160x84.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"160\" height=\"84\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2018/01/strawberry4-file-20180119-110106-1rcwmmh-160x84.jpg 160w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2018/01/strawberry4-file-20180119-110106-1rcwmmh-800x421.jpg 800w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2018/01/strawberry4-file-20180119-110106-1rcwmmh-960x505.jpg 960w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2018/01/strawberry4-file-20180119-110106-1rcwmmh-240x126.jpg 240w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2018/01/strawberry4-file-20180119-110106-1rcwmmh-375x197.jpg 375w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2018/01/strawberry4-file-20180119-110106-1rcwmmh-520x274.jpg 520w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2018/01/strawberry4-file-20180119-110106-1rcwmmh.jpg 1000w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 160px) 100vw, 160px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Official logo of the California Strawberry Commission \u003ccite>(\u003ca class=\"source\" href=\"https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/f/fe/California_Strawberry_Commission_Logo_-_Color.jpg\">CA Strawberry Commission\u003c/a>, \u003ca class=\"license\" href=\"http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/\">CC BY-SA\u003c/a>)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003ch2>Chemical-free Strawberries For the Few\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>Informed and concerned consumers ingrained with California’s deep culture of environmentalism have turned to organic strawberries, which they see as a more sustainable option. As conventional growers took note of this vibrant market, \u003ca href=\"https://doi.org/10.3733/ca.2016a0001\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">organic strawberry production rose fivefold between 2000 and 2012\u003c/a>, to reach about \u003ca href=\"http://www.organicproducenetwork.com/article/351/organic-strawberries-in-short-supply\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">3,300 acres planted in 2017\u003c/a>, which represents 12 percent of all strawberry acreage.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But although organic growers use non-chemical soil fumigation methods or rotate strawberries with crops that have a mild disease-suppressing effect, such as broccoli, few of them fundamentally alter the production system in other ways. In my research, I have observed that some growers are finding land away from prime areas that can be quickly certified for organic production, but have no long-term plans to manage soil diseases when they inevitably arise -- a practice that is not in the spirit of organic production.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>A small but dedicated set of growers have learned how to raise strawberries for the long haul without fumigants. However, even they use starter plants produced on fumigated soil, since no nurseries produce organic plants. Crucially, for these growers strawberries are a minor crop in what are otherwise highly diversified systems. And most of these producers are located outside of prime strawberry-growing regions, where land is cheaper. Their approach therefore is not nearly replicable for growers producing for the mass market.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cimg src=\"https://counter.theconversation.com/content/86907/count.gif?distributor=republish-lightbox-basic\" alt=\"The Conversation\" width=\"1\" height=\"1\">These exceptions tell us as much about the limits of California strawberry production as does mainstream production. Consumers who want organic strawberries must be willing to live with compromises, pay premium prices -- and eat their broccoli. For others, the dream of affordable year-round strawberries grown without toxic chemicals is already an impossible one.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>This article originally appeared in \u003ca href=\"http://theconversation.com\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">The Conversation\u003c/a>, an online publication that features academics writing about their research and ideas for the public. KQED and The Conversation are partners in the \u003ca href=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/news/series/californiadream/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">California Dream\u003c/a> project, a collaboration looking at the Golden State's promise, whether we are achieving it, and the future of California.\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>\u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/news/series/californiadream/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">The California Dream series\u003c/a> is a statewide media collaboration of CALmatters, KPBS, KPCC, KQED and Capital Public Radio with support from the Corporation for Public Broadcasting, the James Irvine Foundation and the College Futures Foundation.\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad floatright]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cimg class=\"aligncenter size-medium wp-image-11660142\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2018/04/CADreamBanner-800x219.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"800\" height=\"219\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2018/04/CADreamBanner-800x219.jpg 800w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2018/04/CADreamBanner-160x44.jpg 160w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2018/04/CADreamBanner-1020x280.jpg 1020w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2018/04/CADreamBanner-1180x324.jpg 1180w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2018/04/CADreamBanner-960x263.jpg 960w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2018/04/CADreamBanner-240x66.jpg 240w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2018/04/CADreamBanner-375x103.jpg 375w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2018/04/CADreamBanner-520x143.jpg 520w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2018/04/CADreamBanner.jpg 1867w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\">\u003c/p>\n\n",
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"excerpt": "In Monterey and Santa Cruz counties alone, strawberry acreage more than tripled and production increased tenfold from 1960 to 2014.",
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"nprByline": "\u003cstrong>\u003ca href=\"https://theconversation.com/profiles/julie-guthman-420662\">Julie Guthman\u003c/a>\u003c/strong>\u003cbr />\u003cem>UC Santa Cruz, for \u003ca href=\"https://theconversation.com\">The Conversation\u003c/a>\u003c/em>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>\u003cem>\u003ca href=\"https://theconversation.com/profiles/julie-guthman-420662\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Julie Guthman\u003c/a> is professor of social sciences at \u003ca href=\"http://theconversation.com/institutions/university-of-california-santa-cruz-1451\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">UC Santa Cruz.\u003c/a>\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Agricultural abundance is a pillar of the California Dream. In 2016, the state turned out \u003ca href=\"https://www.cdfa.ca.gov/statistics/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">more than $45 billion worth\u003c/a> of meat, milk and crops. Long before nutritionists agreed that fresh fruits and vegetables should be the center of American diets, California farmers had planted much of their land with these products, and today they produce \u003ca href=\"https://www.cdfa.ca.gov/farm_bill/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">half of the nation’s fruits, vegetables and nuts\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But although fruits and vegetables are vaunted as healthy foods, their impact as crops is quite different. On many California produce farms, wages are low, working conditions are poor and farmers use enormous quantities of pesticides and precious water. This is the central contradiction of California agriculture.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>For the past five years I have been studying California’s strawberry industry, which currently is the state’s \u003ca href=\"https://www.cdfa.ca.gov/statistics/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">sixth-\u003c/a>most-important commodity in terms of the value of crops sold. Strawberries are attractive, reasonably nutritious and occasionally tasty fruits, and can be grown and eaten within California nearly year-round. But the industry’s growth has relied on the heavy use of toxic chemicals, and now growers face heightened restrictions on some of their most favored chemicals: soil fumigants. Unfortunately, less toxic or non-chemical strategies that would allow strawberries to be grown for a mass market, maintaining affordable prices, are elusive and likely to remain so.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11643736\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 800px\">\u003cimg class=\"size-medium wp-image-11643736\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2018/01/strawberry-pickers-800x518.jpg\" alt=\"Line of strawberry pickers in a field\" width=\"800\" height=\"518\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2018/01/strawberry-pickers-800x518.jpg 800w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2018/01/strawberry-pickers-160x104.jpg 160w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2018/01/strawberry-pickers-960x621.jpg 960w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2018/01/strawberry-pickers-240x155.jpg 240w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2018/01/strawberry-pickers-375x243.jpg 375w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2018/01/strawberry-pickers-520x336.jpg 520w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2018/01/strawberry-pickers.jpg 1000w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Strawberry pickers in Salinas, California, photographed April 27, 2009. \u003ccite>(\u003ca href=\"https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/1/10/Xp3-dot-us_DSC8991.jpg\">Holgerhubbs\u003c/a>, \u003ca href=\"http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/\">Wikimedia Commons\u003c/a>)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003ch2>Chemical Dependence\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>Although strawberry production once was scattered throughout the state, by the 1960s it had concentrated in coastal zones to take advantage of sandy soils and mild temperatures. Thereafter, the industry saw tremendous growth in productivity. In Monterey and Santa Cruz counties alone, \u003ca href=\"https://doi.org/10.3733/ca.2016a0001\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">acreage more than tripled and production increased tenfold\u003c/a> from 1960 to 2014. Much of this growth was enabled by advances in plant breeding and use of plastic tarps to absorb heat, allowing growers to increase the length of strawberry seasons.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But the main driver of growth has been the use of pre-plant chemical fumigants. Growers hire pest control companies to fumigate soils before planting strawberries in order to kill soil-borne pests -- most importantly, plant pathogens such as \u003cem>Verticillium dahliae\u003c/em> and \u003cem>Macrophomina phaseolina\u003c/em>. Without such treatment, these pathogens cause strawberry plants to wilt and die.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Now, however, the industry’s fumigant of choice -- methyl bromide -- can no longer be used in strawberry fruit production. In 1991, methyl bromide was banned under the \u003ca href=\"http://ozone.unep.org/en/treaties-and-decisions/montreal-protocol-substances-deplete-ozone-layer\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Montreal Protocol on Substances that Deplete the Ozone Layer\u003c/a>. The United States was supposed to phase out use by 2005, a deadline that was extended to 2015 and didn’t really take effect until two years later. Even so, this toxic chemical can still be used in nursery production to ensure that starter plants are virus- and pathogen-free.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11643737\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 800px\">\u003cimg class=\"size-medium wp-image-11643737\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2018/01/strawberry-danger-file-20180119-110103-1x1y52i-800x534.jpg\" alt=\"Danger sign in front of strawberry field\" width=\"800\" height=\"534\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2018/01/strawberry-danger-file-20180119-110103-1x1y52i-800x534.jpg 800w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2018/01/strawberry-danger-file-20180119-110103-1x1y52i-160x107.jpg 160w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2018/01/strawberry-danger-file-20180119-110103-1x1y52i-960x640.jpg 960w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2018/01/strawberry-danger-file-20180119-110103-1x1y52i-240x160.jpg 240w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2018/01/strawberry-danger-file-20180119-110103-1x1y52i-375x250.jpg 375w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2018/01/strawberry-danger-file-20180119-110103-1x1y52i-520x347.jpg 520w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2018/01/strawberry-danger-file-20180119-110103-1x1y52i.jpg 1000w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Recently fumigated field in Watsonville, California, on Oct. 11, 2009. \u003ccite>(\u003ca class=\"source\" href=\"https://flic.kr/p/791REj\">Benketaro\u003c/a>, \u003ca class=\"license\" href=\"http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/\">CC BY\u003c/a>)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>One potential replacement, methyl iodide, was approved for use in late 2010. But it was \u003ca href=\"http://calag.ucanr.edu/Archive/?article=ca.2016a0003\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">withdrawn from the market in 2012\u003c/a> following an activist campaign and lawsuit that accused California regulators of performing an inadequate review of potential health risks to workers and the general public. Among other things, the chemical is a known \u003ca href=\"http://www.stpp.ucla.edu/sites/default/files/Final%20Report%20SRC.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">neurotoxin and carcinogen\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Other fumigants are still allowed, but their use is increasingly restricted by buffer zones and township quotas. Consequently, growers are contending with \u003ca href=\"https://doi.org/10.1080/15538362.2012.697000\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">heightened levels of plant disease\u003c/a>, some from pathogens that had never before been evident in California strawberry fields.\u003c/p>\n\u003ch2>An Embedded System\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>Can California find a less toxic way to raise \u003ca href=\"http://edis.ifas.ufl.edu/LyraEDISServlet?command=getImageDetail&image_soid=FIGURE%207&document_soid=FE971&document_version=1\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">90 percent of the nation’s fresh strawberries\u003c/a>? Although the strawberry industry is \u003ca href=\"http://www.calstrawberry.com/Portals/0/images/2013-CSC_enviroreport_web.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">investing significant resources into non-chemical alternatives to manage soil-borne disease\u003c/a>, the obstacles are formidable. The entire production system, including reliance on fumigants, is \u003ca href=\"https://doi.org/10.3733/ca.2017a0017\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">embedded into the cost of land\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Fumigation has allowed growers to plant on the same blocks of land, year after year, and not worry about soil disease. With fumigation available to control pathogens, strawberry breeders have emphasized productivity, beauty and durability rather than pathogen resistance. Meanwhile, nursery production has shifted away from prime fruit-growing regions along the coast to take advantage of different environments for plant propagation, enabling coastal land to be used solely for growing fruit.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Together these innovations have allowed growers to keep prime strawberry land in production every year for much of the year, yielding exceptional amounts of fruit. High land prices reflect these expectations and make it unprofitable to grow strawberries using less intensive methods. The Pacific Ocean’s natural summer air conditioning is attractive to suburbanites as well as strawberries, so coastal development is putting additional pressure on the cost of strawberry land while at the same time increasing public pressure to control use of fumigants.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11643738\" class=\"wp-caption alignleft\" style=\"max-width: 160px\">\u003cimg class=\"size-thumbnail wp-image-11643738\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2018/01/strawberry4-file-20180119-110106-1rcwmmh-160x84.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"160\" height=\"84\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2018/01/strawberry4-file-20180119-110106-1rcwmmh-160x84.jpg 160w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2018/01/strawberry4-file-20180119-110106-1rcwmmh-800x421.jpg 800w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2018/01/strawberry4-file-20180119-110106-1rcwmmh-960x505.jpg 960w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2018/01/strawberry4-file-20180119-110106-1rcwmmh-240x126.jpg 240w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2018/01/strawberry4-file-20180119-110106-1rcwmmh-375x197.jpg 375w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2018/01/strawberry4-file-20180119-110106-1rcwmmh-520x274.jpg 520w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2018/01/strawberry4-file-20180119-110106-1rcwmmh.jpg 1000w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 160px) 100vw, 160px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Official logo of the California Strawberry Commission \u003ccite>(\u003ca class=\"source\" href=\"https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/f/fe/California_Strawberry_Commission_Logo_-_Color.jpg\">CA Strawberry Commission\u003c/a>, \u003ca class=\"license\" href=\"http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/\">CC BY-SA\u003c/a>)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003ch2>Chemical-free Strawberries For the Few\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>Informed and concerned consumers ingrained with California’s deep culture of environmentalism have turned to organic strawberries, which they see as a more sustainable option. As conventional growers took note of this vibrant market, \u003ca href=\"https://doi.org/10.3733/ca.2016a0001\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">organic strawberry production rose fivefold between 2000 and 2012\u003c/a>, to reach about \u003ca href=\"http://www.organicproducenetwork.com/article/351/organic-strawberries-in-short-supply\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">3,300 acres planted in 2017\u003c/a>, which represents 12 percent of all strawberry acreage.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But although organic growers use non-chemical soil fumigation methods or rotate strawberries with crops that have a mild disease-suppressing effect, such as broccoli, few of them fundamentally alter the production system in other ways. In my research, I have observed that some growers are finding land away from prime areas that can be quickly certified for organic production, but have no long-term plans to manage soil diseases when they inevitably arise -- a practice that is not in the spirit of organic production.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>A small but dedicated set of growers have learned how to raise strawberries for the long haul without fumigants. However, even they use starter plants produced on fumigated soil, since no nurseries produce organic plants. Crucially, for these growers strawberries are a minor crop in what are otherwise highly diversified systems. And most of these producers are located outside of prime strawberry-growing regions, where land is cheaper. Their approach therefore is not nearly replicable for growers producing for the mass market.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cimg src=\"https://counter.theconversation.com/content/86907/count.gif?distributor=republish-lightbox-basic\" alt=\"The Conversation\" width=\"1\" height=\"1\">These exceptions tell us as much about the limits of California strawberry production as does mainstream production. Consumers who want organic strawberries must be willing to live with compromises, pay premium prices -- and eat their broccoli. For others, the dream of affordable year-round strawberries grown without toxic chemicals is already an impossible one.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>This article originally appeared in \u003ca href=\"http://theconversation.com\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">The Conversation\u003c/a>, an online publication that features academics writing about their research and ideas for the public. KQED and The Conversation are partners in the \u003ca href=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/news/series/californiadream/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">California Dream\u003c/a> project, a collaboration looking at the Golden State's promise, whether we are achieving it, and the future of California.\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>\u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/news/series/californiadream/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">The California Dream series\u003c/a> is a statewide media collaboration of CALmatters, KPBS, KPCC, KQED and Capital Public Radio with support from the Corporation for Public Broadcasting, the James Irvine Foundation and the College Futures Foundation.\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"disqusTitle": "State of the State? Lots Better Than Jerry Brown Found It",
"title": "State of the State? Lots Better Than Jerry Brown Found It",
"headTitle": "The California Report | KQED News",
"content": "\u003cp>No matter what Gov. Jerry Brown says in his final State of the State speech Thursday at the state Capitol, there can be little disagreement that he is leaving his successor a much healthier California than the one he inherited from Arnold Schwarzenegger in 2011.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In his \u003cem>first\u003c/em> statewide address as governor that year, Brown didn't minimize the challenges ahead. He described the coming legislative session, which he predicted would be \"extraordinarily difficult and wrenching\" as the state grappled with a huge budget deficit.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"California faces a crisis that is real and unprecedented,\" Brown told assembled legislators and guests, adding that \"kicking the can down the road by not owning an honest budget is simply out of the question.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Indeed, the \u003ca href=\"https://www.documents.dgs.ca.gov/osp/GovernorsBudget/pdf/Governors_Budget_2011-2012.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">first budget\u003c/a> he signed in June 2011 cut state spending by $15 billion, making changes that helped pave the way for California's economic recovery.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[contextly_sidebar id=\"GThLHF5jxub7xsNJcOUXNroeRt7HWgVP\"]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>To be sure, the old investment advice \"buy low, sell high\" applies to politics as well. And Jerry Brown did just that, becoming governor when California and the rest of the nation were mired in economic misery. Unless something dramatically changes in the next year, he will have the benefits of a strong economy for pretty much his entire two terms.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>H.D. Palmer with the state Department of Finance points out that Brown faced a budget deficit of more than $27 billion when he took office for the second time in 2011, having first served as governor from 1975 to '83. His administration will end with a state budget surplus of more than $6 billion.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"Absent an economic crisis or a natural disaster, the one thing that his successor will be able to enjoy,\" Palmer said, \"is the fact that the budget will be in good shape and that he or she will not have to immediately deal with the kind of budget crisis that Gov. Brown and many of his predecessors had to deal with as their first order of business after swearing their oath.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11644069\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 800px\">\u003cimg class=\"size-medium wp-image-11644069\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2018/01/BrownBudget2011-800x576.jpg\" alt=\"Gov. Brown points to a chart showing dollar amounts in the billions that were cut from the state budget following a bill signing on March 24, 2011.\" width=\"800\" height=\"576\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2018/01/BrownBudget2011-800x576.jpg 800w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2018/01/BrownBudget2011-160x115.jpg 160w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2018/01/BrownBudget2011-1020x734.jpg 1020w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2018/01/BrownBudget2011.jpg 1920w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2018/01/BrownBudget2011-1180x849.jpg 1180w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2018/01/BrownBudget2011-960x691.jpg 960w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2018/01/BrownBudget2011-240x173.jpg 240w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2018/01/BrownBudget2011-375x270.jpg 375w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2018/01/BrownBudget2011-520x374.jpg 520w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Gov. Brown points to a chart showing dollar amounts in the billions that were cut from the state budget following a bill signing on March 24, 2011. \u003ccite>(Justin Sullivan/Getty Images)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Palmer acknowledges the budget surplus isn't entirely Brown's doing. The state's economy has been strong. According to the Department of Finance, non-farm jobs have increased by more than 18 percent during Brown's most recent time in office. Voters also signed off on several tax increases, \u003ca href=\"https://ballotpedia.org/California_Proposition_30,_Sales_and_Income_Tax_Increase_(2012)\">Proposition 30 in 2012\u003c/a> and \u003ca href=\"https://ballotpedia.org/California_Proposition_55,_Extension_of_the_Proposition_30_Income_Tax_Increase_(2016)\">Proposition 55 in 2016\u003c/a>. But, Palmer notes, Brown has learned from the past, when one-time revenues were often committed to ongoing spending, only to be cut when a recession hit.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"The governor doesn't want to make the mistake again,\" Palmer said. \"And so he has been very insistent on making sure that one-time revenues are put aside for things like rainy days and reserves and spending that is not higher and ongoing in nature that would have to be cut back dramatically in the event of an economic downturn.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Brown's tendency toward fiscal restraint is appreciated by Assemblyman Jay Obernolte (R-Hesperia). He serves as vice chair of the Assembly Budget Committee and said Brown has done a good job of reining in the majority-Democrat Legislature.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[contextly_sidebar id=\"CzzAk3IxqNbPHFBfSMmyq1wjUU8muWlV\"]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"He is usually one of the few adult voices in the room when it comes to fiscal restraint in spending,\" Obernolte said. \"Although state spending has grown more than I would have liked to have seen it grow in recent years, it is true that he has restrained that level of spending.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Still, Obernolte says Brown's restraint doesn't extend to tax increases. He points to the governor's support for Proposition 30 and the recent hike in the gas tax, for which Brown campaigned hard.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"When you look at the fact that California has such a large budget surplus right now, it's evidence that taxes were raised too much,\" Obernolte said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But Republican consultant Sean Walsh, who worked for Governors Pete Wilson and Arnold Schwarzenegger, says while the state coffers are in better shape, fundamental reforms to stabilize the budget long-term have not happened.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"One percent of the state’s taxpayers pay nearly 50 percent of the state’s taxes,\" Walsh said. \"That is a very mobile class of individuals,\" suggesting the state's high tax rate could push wealthy residents to leave or stay away from California.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Nonetheless, Brown's legacy -- a concept he resists -- will include a wide range of areas, including:\u003c/p>\n\u003ch2>Criminal Justice\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>Brown inherited a state prison system that was bulging at the seams and under court order to reduce the population.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Starting with AB 109, commonly known as \"realignment,\" Brown started shifting responsibility for many non-serious, nonviolent criminals from the state to counties. Realignment \u003ca href=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/news/2016/09/29/five-years-later-many-see-criminal-justice-realignment-as-success/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">has worked better than many of its opponents feared it would\u003c/a>, but the jury is still out.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>He also embraced the idea of \"second chances\" for convicted criminals, rejecting the policies of past governors, who regularly reversed parole recommendations for lifers and others who met the criteria for release.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[contextly_sidebar id=\"zjmf8EnXPOv68OOojiCYV97pPcMLmHy1\"]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>It's now \u003ca href=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/news/2014/05/16/record-numbers-of-states-lifer-inmates-granted-parole/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">relatively rare\u003c/a> for Brown to reverse the Parole Board's decision, although he still does \u003ca href=\"http://www.latimes.com/local/lanow/la-me-ln-van-houten-parole-reversed-20180119-story.html\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">on occasion\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The in-state prison population has fallen from about 150,000 when Brown took office to just over 130,000 last month. Other reforms were embraced by Brown, including his \u003ca href=\"https://www.cdcr.ca.gov/proposition57/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Proposition 57\u003c/a> to reduce prison time for some offenses, which voters passed with 64 percent approval in 2016.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The full impact of all these changes will take years to determine, and there are already efforts to rein in some of the changes, which critics say are too lenient for some crimes, such as vehicle break-ins.\u003c/p>\n\u003ch2>Courts\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>Since taking office, Brown has appointed more than 450 judges, including three of the Supreme Court's seven members. That's about one-quarter of the sitting judges in California. He still has one more vacancy to fill and says he's taking longer than usual while he \"assesses exactly what the court needs.\" His fourth appointment to the Supreme Court will give him a majority of the justices.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>His appointments are slowly remaking the courts, which have lagged far behind the diversification of California as a whole. As governor, Brown has broken many glass ceilings with his appointments, including the first Hmong-American judge in the United States, the first Latina judge ever in Riverside County and the first openly gay appeals court judge in California history.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>He also has appointed far more public defenders and defense attorneys to the bench than his predecessors, adding a different kind of diversity to the bench.\u003c/p>\n\u003ch2>Climate Change\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>Brown was green the first time he was governor in the 1970s and '80s. And in his second eight years, he has once again championed renewable energy.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>He successfully enacted an \u003ca href=\"http://www.latimes.com/politics/la-pol-ca-jerry-brown-climate-change-law-20170725-story.html\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">extension\u003c/a> of the state's \u003ca href=\"https://www.arb.ca.gov/cc/capandtrade/capandtrade.htm\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">cap-and-trade program\u003c/a> to reduce greenhouse gas emissions. It also generates billions of dollars for things like the governor's beloved but troubled high-speed-rail project and other initiatives related to the environment. Brown managed to extend cap and trade until 2030, with two-thirds majorities in the Senate and Assembly, including an impressive number of Republicans.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[contextly_sidebar id=\"taEzI01lv6zrRJsXYcT86VQMht71NR5B\"]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>And of course the unexpected election of Donald Trump has vaulted Gov. Brown into something of an international celebrity, preaching the imperative of addressing climate change.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The one area of Brown's legacy that environmentalists object to is his support of fracking. Activists have dogged him at events from time to time, unsuccessfully pushing him to change his position.\u003c/p>\n\u003ch2>Poverty\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>Brown is often criticized for not doing enough about the state's high poverty levels. But Jessica Bartholow, with the Western Center on Law and Poverty, said he's done more than he gets credit for.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"While he's been governor the second time, we've seen profound movement in programs serving low-income families, specifically the CalWORKS program,\" Bartholow said. She cites the repeal of the Maximum Family Grant program, which limited aid to babies born while their mothers were on welfare. Bartholow said Brown doesn't come to the table with ideas himself, but dares advocates to bring him proposals he must support.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Assemblyman Chad Mayes (R-Yucca Valley) gives Brown more mixed reviews. He notes that, \u003ca href=\"http://www.politifact.com/california/statements/2017/jan/20/chad-mayes/true-california-has-nations-highest-poverty-rate-w/\">by some measures\u003c/a>, California has the highest poverty rate in the nation. He cites high housing, food and energy costs as contributors. But he also points to the decline in low-skill, high-paying jobs in California.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[contextly_sidebar id=\"Xg9xGMS8mezYGHQxMje7yiynO9Ljynd5\"]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"While it's true that we have a low unemployment rate here in California currently,\" Mayes said, \"we've got a bunch of folks that are barely able to make ends meet because there's just not enough high-paying jobs here.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Brown's administration points to California's earned income tax credit and the local control funding formula for schools as attempts to target spending and tax credits to help the poor.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>There is still plenty for the next governor to tackle, not the least of which is the ultimate \"kick the can\" issue: Pension liabilities.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>On that score, \"Governor Brown has tinkered around the edges and added some patches but no systemic and meaningful reform was enacted,\" says Sean Walsh.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Brown always resists assessing what his legacy will be, even saying at a recent press conference that \"governors don't have legacies.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But like it or not, Brown's legacy is extensive -- for better or worse, depending on your point of view -- and it will be much discussed and debated for years to come.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad floatright]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003ci>Scott Shafer is the co-host of \u003c/i>\u003ca href=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/news/tag/political-breakdown/\">Political Breakdown\u003c/a>\u003ci>, a new weekly podcast and radio program on California politics. Subscribe on \u003ca href=\"https://itunes.apple.com/us/podcast/political-breakdown/id1327641087?mt=2\">Apple Podcasts\u003c/a>. \u003c/i>\u003c/p>\n\n",
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"excerpt": "By most measures, California is far better off today than it was when the governor took office in 2011.",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>No matter what Gov. Jerry Brown says in his final State of the State speech Thursday at the state Capitol, there can be little disagreement that he is leaving his successor a much healthier California than the one he inherited from Arnold Schwarzenegger in 2011.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In his \u003cem>first\u003c/em> statewide address as governor that year, Brown didn't minimize the challenges ahead. He described the coming legislative session, which he predicted would be \"extraordinarily difficult and wrenching\" as the state grappled with a huge budget deficit.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"California faces a crisis that is real and unprecedented,\" Brown told assembled legislators and guests, adding that \"kicking the can down the road by not owning an honest budget is simply out of the question.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Indeed, the \u003ca href=\"https://www.documents.dgs.ca.gov/osp/GovernorsBudget/pdf/Governors_Budget_2011-2012.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">first budget\u003c/a> he signed in June 2011 cut state spending by $15 billion, making changes that helped pave the way for California's economic recovery.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>To be sure, the old investment advice \"buy low, sell high\" applies to politics as well. And Jerry Brown did just that, becoming governor when California and the rest of the nation were mired in economic misery. Unless something dramatically changes in the next year, he will have the benefits of a strong economy for pretty much his entire two terms.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>H.D. Palmer with the state Department of Finance points out that Brown faced a budget deficit of more than $27 billion when he took office for the second time in 2011, having first served as governor from 1975 to '83. His administration will end with a state budget surplus of more than $6 billion.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"Absent an economic crisis or a natural disaster, the one thing that his successor will be able to enjoy,\" Palmer said, \"is the fact that the budget will be in good shape and that he or she will not have to immediately deal with the kind of budget crisis that Gov. Brown and many of his predecessors had to deal with as their first order of business after swearing their oath.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11644069\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 800px\">\u003cimg class=\"size-medium wp-image-11644069\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2018/01/BrownBudget2011-800x576.jpg\" alt=\"Gov. Brown points to a chart showing dollar amounts in the billions that were cut from the state budget following a bill signing on March 24, 2011.\" width=\"800\" height=\"576\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2018/01/BrownBudget2011-800x576.jpg 800w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2018/01/BrownBudget2011-160x115.jpg 160w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2018/01/BrownBudget2011-1020x734.jpg 1020w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2018/01/BrownBudget2011.jpg 1920w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2018/01/BrownBudget2011-1180x849.jpg 1180w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2018/01/BrownBudget2011-960x691.jpg 960w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2018/01/BrownBudget2011-240x173.jpg 240w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2018/01/BrownBudget2011-375x270.jpg 375w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2018/01/BrownBudget2011-520x374.jpg 520w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Gov. Brown points to a chart showing dollar amounts in the billions that were cut from the state budget following a bill signing on March 24, 2011. \u003ccite>(Justin Sullivan/Getty Images)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Palmer acknowledges the budget surplus isn't entirely Brown's doing. The state's economy has been strong. According to the Department of Finance, non-farm jobs have increased by more than 18 percent during Brown's most recent time in office. Voters also signed off on several tax increases, \u003ca href=\"https://ballotpedia.org/California_Proposition_30,_Sales_and_Income_Tax_Increase_(2012)\">Proposition 30 in 2012\u003c/a> and \u003ca href=\"https://ballotpedia.org/California_Proposition_55,_Extension_of_the_Proposition_30_Income_Tax_Increase_(2016)\">Proposition 55 in 2016\u003c/a>. But, Palmer notes, Brown has learned from the past, when one-time revenues were often committed to ongoing spending, only to be cut when a recession hit.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"The governor doesn't want to make the mistake again,\" Palmer said. \"And so he has been very insistent on making sure that one-time revenues are put aside for things like rainy days and reserves and spending that is not higher and ongoing in nature that would have to be cut back dramatically in the event of an economic downturn.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Brown's tendency toward fiscal restraint is appreciated by Assemblyman Jay Obernolte (R-Hesperia). He serves as vice chair of the Assembly Budget Committee and said Brown has done a good job of reining in the majority-Democrat Legislature.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"He is usually one of the few adult voices in the room when it comes to fiscal restraint in spending,\" Obernolte said. \"Although state spending has grown more than I would have liked to have seen it grow in recent years, it is true that he has restrained that level of spending.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Still, Obernolte says Brown's restraint doesn't extend to tax increases. He points to the governor's support for Proposition 30 and the recent hike in the gas tax, for which Brown campaigned hard.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"When you look at the fact that California has such a large budget surplus right now, it's evidence that taxes were raised too much,\" Obernolte said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But Republican consultant Sean Walsh, who worked for Governors Pete Wilson and Arnold Schwarzenegger, says while the state coffers are in better shape, fundamental reforms to stabilize the budget long-term have not happened.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"One percent of the state’s taxpayers pay nearly 50 percent of the state’s taxes,\" Walsh said. \"That is a very mobile class of individuals,\" suggesting the state's high tax rate could push wealthy residents to leave or stay away from California.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Nonetheless, Brown's legacy -- a concept he resists -- will include a wide range of areas, including:\u003c/p>\n\u003ch2>Criminal Justice\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>Brown inherited a state prison system that was bulging at the seams and under court order to reduce the population.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Starting with AB 109, commonly known as \"realignment,\" Brown started shifting responsibility for many non-serious, nonviolent criminals from the state to counties. Realignment \u003ca href=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/news/2016/09/29/five-years-later-many-see-criminal-justice-realignment-as-success/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">has worked better than many of its opponents feared it would\u003c/a>, but the jury is still out.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>He also embraced the idea of \"second chances\" for convicted criminals, rejecting the policies of past governors, who regularly reversed parole recommendations for lifers and others who met the criteria for release.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>It's now \u003ca href=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/news/2014/05/16/record-numbers-of-states-lifer-inmates-granted-parole/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">relatively rare\u003c/a> for Brown to reverse the Parole Board's decision, although he still does \u003ca href=\"http://www.latimes.com/local/lanow/la-me-ln-van-houten-parole-reversed-20180119-story.html\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">on occasion\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The in-state prison population has fallen from about 150,000 when Brown took office to just over 130,000 last month. Other reforms were embraced by Brown, including his \u003ca href=\"https://www.cdcr.ca.gov/proposition57/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Proposition 57\u003c/a> to reduce prison time for some offenses, which voters passed with 64 percent approval in 2016.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The full impact of all these changes will take years to determine, and there are already efforts to rein in some of the changes, which critics say are too lenient for some crimes, such as vehicle break-ins.\u003c/p>\n\u003ch2>Courts\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>Since taking office, Brown has appointed more than 450 judges, including three of the Supreme Court's seven members. That's about one-quarter of the sitting judges in California. He still has one more vacancy to fill and says he's taking longer than usual while he \"assesses exactly what the court needs.\" His fourth appointment to the Supreme Court will give him a majority of the justices.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>His appointments are slowly remaking the courts, which have lagged far behind the diversification of California as a whole. As governor, Brown has broken many glass ceilings with his appointments, including the first Hmong-American judge in the United States, the first Latina judge ever in Riverside County and the first openly gay appeals court judge in California history.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>He also has appointed far more public defenders and defense attorneys to the bench than his predecessors, adding a different kind of diversity to the bench.\u003c/p>\n\u003ch2>Climate Change\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>Brown was green the first time he was governor in the 1970s and '80s. And in his second eight years, he has once again championed renewable energy.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>He successfully enacted an \u003ca href=\"http://www.latimes.com/politics/la-pol-ca-jerry-brown-climate-change-law-20170725-story.html\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">extension\u003c/a> of the state's \u003ca href=\"https://www.arb.ca.gov/cc/capandtrade/capandtrade.htm\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">cap-and-trade program\u003c/a> to reduce greenhouse gas emissions. It also generates billions of dollars for things like the governor's beloved but troubled high-speed-rail project and other initiatives related to the environment. Brown managed to extend cap and trade until 2030, with two-thirds majorities in the Senate and Assembly, including an impressive number of Republicans.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>And of course the unexpected election of Donald Trump has vaulted Gov. Brown into something of an international celebrity, preaching the imperative of addressing climate change.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The one area of Brown's legacy that environmentalists object to is his support of fracking. Activists have dogged him at events from time to time, unsuccessfully pushing him to change his position.\u003c/p>\n\u003ch2>Poverty\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>Brown is often criticized for not doing enough about the state's high poverty levels. But Jessica Bartholow, with the Western Center on Law and Poverty, said he's done more than he gets credit for.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"While he's been governor the second time, we've seen profound movement in programs serving low-income families, specifically the CalWORKS program,\" Bartholow said. She cites the repeal of the Maximum Family Grant program, which limited aid to babies born while their mothers were on welfare. Bartholow said Brown doesn't come to the table with ideas himself, but dares advocates to bring him proposals he must support.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Assemblyman Chad Mayes (R-Yucca Valley) gives Brown more mixed reviews. He notes that, \u003ca href=\"http://www.politifact.com/california/statements/2017/jan/20/chad-mayes/true-california-has-nations-highest-poverty-rate-w/\">by some measures\u003c/a>, California has the highest poverty rate in the nation. He cites high housing, food and energy costs as contributors. But he also points to the decline in low-skill, high-paying jobs in California.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"While it's true that we have a low unemployment rate here in California currently,\" Mayes said, \"we've got a bunch of folks that are barely able to make ends meet because there's just not enough high-paying jobs here.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Brown's administration points to California's earned income tax credit and the local control funding formula for schools as attempts to target spending and tax credits to help the poor.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>There is still plenty for the next governor to tackle, not the least of which is the ultimate \"kick the can\" issue: Pension liabilities.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>On that score, \"Governor Brown has tinkered around the edges and added some patches but no systemic and meaningful reform was enacted,\" says Sean Walsh.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Brown always resists assessing what his legacy will be, even saying at a recent press conference that \"governors don't have legacies.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But like it or not, Brown's legacy is extensive -- for better or worse, depending on your point of view -- and it will be much discussed and debated for years to come.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003ci>Scott Shafer is the co-host of \u003c/i>\u003ca href=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/news/tag/political-breakdown/\">Political Breakdown\u003c/a>\u003ci>, a new weekly podcast and radio program on California politics. Subscribe on \u003ca href=\"https://itunes.apple.com/us/podcast/political-breakdown/id1327641087?mt=2\">Apple Podcasts\u003c/a>. \u003c/i>\u003c/p>\n\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>",
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"content": "\u003cp>National community college leaders are telling campuses nationwide that California community colleges’ response to the recent wildfires is an example of best practices.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“I think people are beginning to realize that these are natural, go-to institutions in times of crisis,” said Noah Brown, CEO of the Association of Community College Trustees.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>His group \u003ca href=\"http://www.trustee-education.org/images/trustee-talk-issues/Colleges%20Fire%20Up%20Resources%20for%20Their%20Communities%20-%20issue%2012%20FINAL.pdf\">published a newsletter this month\u003c/a> that described how administrators, faculty and staff at Napa Valley College, Santa Rosa Junior College, Ventura College and other campuses sprang into action during the fires and worked with the surrounding communities to help in the recovery effort.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“People look at higher ed as the ivory tower. What happened at these colleges: the deans were sweeping the floor. Staff, faculty, and administrators were boxing up things. They were doing everything and anything,” said Norma Goldstein, a director at the association who wrote the newsletter about the colleges.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>As California officials warn that fires may become more frequent and natural disasters and emergencies such as shootings affect communities nationwide, the review of California colleges’ disaster readiness is a good readiness template, college officials said, for other campuses to follow.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[audio src=\"https://www.kqed.org/.stream/anon/radio/tcr/2018/01/CommunityCollegeFiresGuzmanLopez.mp3\" Image=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2017/12/RS28315_GettyImages-886546152-qut.jpg\" Title=\"Community Colleges Were Crucial During California's Wildfires\" program=\"The California Report\"]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>California’s 114 community college campuses form a much larger public higher education system than the California State University system and the University of California. Some community college officials argue that their campuses are better poised to help neighborhoods because their campuses enroll a larger proportion of students from areas near their campuses and therefore have stronger community ties.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Our community college has been here for over 100 years. We’re very much closely tied to this community,” said Santa Barbara City College spokeswoman Luz Reyes-Martin.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>She formed part of a roughly 10-member group of campus administrators that sprang into action as the Thomas Fire crawled toward Santa Barbara last month.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“We have someone who becomes our operations chief, a logistics chief, everything from HR to communications, to incident command,” she said. “We’ve been in kind of emergency mode for at least the last several weeks.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[contextly_sidebar id=”vybOk5UrKObQNkVUP7PbEY2vFPbljeWq”]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The group often met daily in a campus conference room and decided to close the campus during the fire because of the air quality.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>It also opened campus buildings to evacuees and firefighters and \u003ca href=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/news/2018/01/19/college-campus-welcomes-evacuated-montecito-elementary-students/\" rel=\"noopener\" target=\"_blank\">found space on campus last week for an elementary school\u003c/a> that could not hold classes at its campus because of mandatory evacuations. Santa Barbara City College’s foundation has stepped in too and given cash grants to students and employees affected by the fires.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Reyes-Martin and the Association of Community College Trustees said the most important takeaway from California colleges’ experience during the fires and their aftermath is that it paid off to send employees to emergency preparedness trainings and create plans that spell out clear roles for administrators and staff in times of crisis.\u003c/p>\n\n",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>National community college leaders are telling campuses nationwide that California community colleges’ response to the recent wildfires is an example of best practices.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“I think people are beginning to realize that these are natural, go-to institutions in times of crisis,” said Noah Brown, CEO of the Association of Community College Trustees.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>His group \u003ca href=\"http://www.trustee-education.org/images/trustee-talk-issues/Colleges%20Fire%20Up%20Resources%20for%20Their%20Communities%20-%20issue%2012%20FINAL.pdf\">published a newsletter this month\u003c/a> that described how administrators, faculty and staff at Napa Valley College, Santa Rosa Junior College, Ventura College and other campuses sprang into action during the fires and worked with the surrounding communities to help in the recovery effort.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“People look at higher ed as the ivory tower. What happened at these colleges: the deans were sweeping the floor. Staff, faculty, and administrators were boxing up things. They were doing everything and anything,” said Norma Goldstein, a director at the association who wrote the newsletter about the colleges.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>As California officials warn that fires may become more frequent and natural disasters and emergencies such as shootings affect communities nationwide, the review of California colleges’ disaster readiness is a good readiness template, college officials said, for other campuses to follow.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>California’s 114 community college campuses form a much larger public higher education system than the California State University system and the University of California. Some community college officials argue that their campuses are better poised to help neighborhoods because their campuses enroll a larger proportion of students from areas near their campuses and therefore have stronger community ties.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Our community college has been here for over 100 years. We’re very much closely tied to this community,” said Santa Barbara City College spokeswoman Luz Reyes-Martin.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>She formed part of a roughly 10-member group of campus administrators that sprang into action as the Thomas Fire crawled toward Santa Barbara last month.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“We have someone who becomes our operations chief, a logistics chief, everything from HR to communications, to incident command,” she said. “We’ve been in kind of emergency mode for at least the last several weeks.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The group often met daily in a campus conference room and decided to close the campus during the fire because of the air quality.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>It also opened campus buildings to evacuees and firefighters and \u003ca href=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/news/2018/01/19/college-campus-welcomes-evacuated-montecito-elementary-students/\" rel=\"noopener\" target=\"_blank\">found space on campus last week for an elementary school\u003c/a> that could not hold classes at its campus because of mandatory evacuations. Santa Barbara City College’s foundation has stepped in too and given cash grants to students and employees affected by the fires.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Reyes-Martin and the Association of Community College Trustees said the most important takeaway from California colleges’ experience during the fires and their aftermath is that it paid off to send employees to emergency preparedness trainings and create plans that spell out clear roles for administrators and staff in times of crisis.\u003c/p>\n\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>",
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"disqusTitle": "Ag Industry Fights Pesticide Penalties and State Efforts to Increase Future Fines",
"title": "Ag Industry Fights Pesticide Penalties and State Efforts to Increase Future Fines",
"headTitle": "The California Report | KQED News",
"content": "\u003cp>Several produce and farm labor contractors are contesting fines they face in connection with two separate pesticide drifts in the Central Valley that sickened close to 130 agricultural workers last year.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In August the Kern County agricultural commissioner issued more than $50,000 in fines against \u003ca href=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/news/2017/08/08/produce-company-behind-popular-cuties-fined-over-pesticide-drift/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">two firms\u003c/a>, including Sun Pacific, the produce company behind the popular Cuties oranges, for violating pesticide rules in an incident that sickened 37 farmworkers near the town of Maricopa in May.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Investigators determined that Vulcan, a pesticide with the chemical \u003ca href=\"http://www.capradio.org/articles/2017/12/01/chlorpyrifos-makes-california-list-of-most-dangerous-chemicals/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">chlorpyrifos\u003c/a>, had drifted a half-mile from a seedless tangerine field into an area where cabbage-harvesting employees were working.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The commissioner, Glenn Fankhauser, fined Sun Pacific more than $30,000 for violating five pesticide laws, including a violation for improperly spraying Vulcan.\u003c/p>\n\u003caside class=\"alignright\">\n\u003cul>\n\u003cli>\u003ca href=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/news/2017/08/08/produce-company-behind-popular-cuties-fined-over-pesticide-drift/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Produce Company Behind Popular ‘Cuties’ Fined Over Pesticide Drift\u003c/a>\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>\u003ca href=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/news/2017/12/27/after-pesticide-incidents-sicken-farmworkers-advocates-push-to-make-penalties-stronger/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">After Pesticide Incidents Sicken Farmworkers, Advocates Push to Make Penalties Stronger\u003c/a>\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>\u003ca href=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/news/2017/12/18/firms-fined-for-pesticide-incident-that-sickened-92-near-bakersfield/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Firms Fined for Pesticide Incident That Sickened 92 in Bakersfield\u003c/a>\u003c/li>\n\u003c/ul>\n\u003c/aside>\n\u003cp>Sun Pacific and the other firm penalized in the case, Grapeman Farms, which is facing $20,000 in fines, have appealed by requesting administrative hearings, according to Fankhauser.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Neither company has responded to requests for comment.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Last month the county commissioner also imposed nearly $50,000 in fines against five other companies in connection with \u003ca href=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/news/2017/12/18/firms-fined-for-pesticide-incident-that-sickened-92-near-bakersfield/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">a separate chemical drift incident\u003c/a> that sickened 92 garlic harvesters in Bakersfield last August.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>At least two of those firms, Harvest King and Pacific Farm Management, both farm labor contractors, are challenging those fines. The fines were levied as penalties for not ensuring workers who were exposed to chemicals got medical care.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"No one that harvested garlic with us ever reported an injury or got sick or had a symptom,\" said Ahmed Mike Alamari, who runs Pacific Farm Management, one of the largest agricultural labor contractors in California. Pacific Farms employed about two dozen agricultural employees on scene on the day of the incident.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Another farm labor contractor penalized in the August drift, Agstar, has paid its fine, said Fankhauser in an email.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The largest penalty in that case was against Tasteful Selections, an Arvin-based firm that grows and processes potatoes. That company is reviewing the case to determine whether it wants to appeal the fine.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Another firm, Agra Fly, which sprays chemicals on farm land, has yet to pay its fine in connection with the incident.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The penalties come as the agricultural industry fights efforts at the state level to \u003ca href=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/news/2017/12/27/after-pesticide-incidents-sicken-farmworkers-advocates-push-to-make-penalties-stronger/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">increase fine amounts\u003c/a> for serious violations of California's pesticide laws.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Currently, the maximum fine for violating the state's pesticide regulations is $5,000. Earlier this month the State Assembly Committee on Environmental Safety and Toxic Materials voted 5-0 to increase that limit to $25,000 under a bill authored by Assemblyman Bill Quirk, D-Hayward.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"Show us the money. Where are the violations that would say we need to go from $5,000 to $25,000 per violation?\" asked Cynthia Cory, director of environmental affairs for the California Farm Bureau Federation, during the committee's hearing on the proposal.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The California Department of Pesticide Regulation, which sponsored the \u003ca href=\"http://leginfo.legislature.ca.gov/faces/billNavClient.xhtml?bill_id=201720180AB1419\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">bill\u003c/a>, emphasizes that the higher fines would be for only the most egregious cases, like when workers become sick.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Other agricultural industry groups, including the Western Growers Association and the Western Plant Health Association, which represents fertilizer and crop protection manufacturers, also oppose the bill.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Farmworker advocates have \u003ca href=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/news/2017/12/27/after-pesticide-incidents-sicken-farmworkers-advocates-push-to-make-penalties-stronger/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">pushed\u003c/a> for the legislation, pointing to concerns from the two Kern County drifts, as well as incidents in Santa Cruz and Monterey counties last year that sickened dozens of other agricultural employees.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The state Assembly Appropriations \u003ca href=\"http://apro.assembly.ca.gov/hearings\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Committee\u003c/a> approved the legislation last Thursday. The bill now heads to the full Assembly.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>Clarification: An earlier version of this story stated that the company, Agra Fly, had paid a fine in connection with a drift incident in Kern County in August. A pest control adviser for the firm, not the company itself, paid a fine. \u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\n",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>Several produce and farm labor contractors are contesting fines they face in connection with two separate pesticide drifts in the Central Valley that sickened close to 130 agricultural workers last year.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In August the Kern County agricultural commissioner issued more than $50,000 in fines against \u003ca href=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/news/2017/08/08/produce-company-behind-popular-cuties-fined-over-pesticide-drift/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">two firms\u003c/a>, including Sun Pacific, the produce company behind the popular Cuties oranges, for violating pesticide rules in an incident that sickened 37 farmworkers near the town of Maricopa in May.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Investigators determined that Vulcan, a pesticide with the chemical \u003ca href=\"http://www.capradio.org/articles/2017/12/01/chlorpyrifos-makes-california-list-of-most-dangerous-chemicals/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">chlorpyrifos\u003c/a>, had drifted a half-mile from a seedless tangerine field into an area where cabbage-harvesting employees were working.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The commissioner, Glenn Fankhauser, fined Sun Pacific more than $30,000 for violating five pesticide laws, including a violation for improperly spraying Vulcan.\u003c/p>\n\u003caside class=\"alignright\">\n\u003cul>\n\u003cli>\u003ca href=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/news/2017/08/08/produce-company-behind-popular-cuties-fined-over-pesticide-drift/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Produce Company Behind Popular ‘Cuties’ Fined Over Pesticide Drift\u003c/a>\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>\u003ca href=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/news/2017/12/27/after-pesticide-incidents-sicken-farmworkers-advocates-push-to-make-penalties-stronger/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">After Pesticide Incidents Sicken Farmworkers, Advocates Push to Make Penalties Stronger\u003c/a>\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>\u003ca href=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/news/2017/12/18/firms-fined-for-pesticide-incident-that-sickened-92-near-bakersfield/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Firms Fined for Pesticide Incident That Sickened 92 in Bakersfield\u003c/a>\u003c/li>\n\u003c/ul>\n\u003c/aside>\n\u003cp>Sun Pacific and the other firm penalized in the case, Grapeman Farms, which is facing $20,000 in fines, have appealed by requesting administrative hearings, according to Fankhauser.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Neither company has responded to requests for comment.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Last month the county commissioner also imposed nearly $50,000 in fines against five other companies in connection with \u003ca href=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/news/2017/12/18/firms-fined-for-pesticide-incident-that-sickened-92-near-bakersfield/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">a separate chemical drift incident\u003c/a> that sickened 92 garlic harvesters in Bakersfield last August.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>At least two of those firms, Harvest King and Pacific Farm Management, both farm labor contractors, are challenging those fines. The fines were levied as penalties for not ensuring workers who were exposed to chemicals got medical care.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"No one that harvested garlic with us ever reported an injury or got sick or had a symptom,\" said Ahmed Mike Alamari, who runs Pacific Farm Management, one of the largest agricultural labor contractors in California. Pacific Farms employed about two dozen agricultural employees on scene on the day of the incident.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Another farm labor contractor penalized in the August drift, Agstar, has paid its fine, said Fankhauser in an email.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The largest penalty in that case was against Tasteful Selections, an Arvin-based firm that grows and processes potatoes. That company is reviewing the case to determine whether it wants to appeal the fine.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Another firm, Agra Fly, which sprays chemicals on farm land, has yet to pay its fine in connection with the incident.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The penalties come as the agricultural industry fights efforts at the state level to \u003ca href=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/news/2017/12/27/after-pesticide-incidents-sicken-farmworkers-advocates-push-to-make-penalties-stronger/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">increase fine amounts\u003c/a> for serious violations of California's pesticide laws.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Currently, the maximum fine for violating the state's pesticide regulations is $5,000. Earlier this month the State Assembly Committee on Environmental Safety and Toxic Materials voted 5-0 to increase that limit to $25,000 under a bill authored by Assemblyman Bill Quirk, D-Hayward.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"Show us the money. Where are the violations that would say we need to go from $5,000 to $25,000 per violation?\" asked Cynthia Cory, director of environmental affairs for the California Farm Bureau Federation, during the committee's hearing on the proposal.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The California Department of Pesticide Regulation, which sponsored the \u003ca href=\"http://leginfo.legislature.ca.gov/faces/billNavClient.xhtml?bill_id=201720180AB1419\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">bill\u003c/a>, emphasizes that the higher fines would be for only the most egregious cases, like when workers become sick.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Other agricultural industry groups, including the Western Growers Association and the Western Plant Health Association, which represents fertilizer and crop protection manufacturers, also oppose the bill.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Farmworker advocates have \u003ca href=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/news/2017/12/27/after-pesticide-incidents-sicken-farmworkers-advocates-push-to-make-penalties-stronger/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">pushed\u003c/a> for the legislation, pointing to concerns from the two Kern County drifts, as well as incidents in Santa Cruz and Monterey counties last year that sickened dozens of other agricultural employees.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The state Assembly Appropriations \u003ca href=\"http://apro.assembly.ca.gov/hearings\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Committee\u003c/a> approved the legislation last Thursday. The bill now heads to the full Assembly.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>Clarification: An earlier version of this story stated that the company, Agra Fly, had paid a fine in connection with a drift incident in Kern County in August. A pest control adviser for the firm, not the company itself, paid a fine. \u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>",
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"disqusTitle": "U.S. 101 Reopens Weeks After Deadly Mudslides",
"title": "U.S. 101 Reopens Weeks After Deadly Mudslides",
"headTitle": "The California Report | KQED News",
"content": "\u003cp>U.S. 101 reopened Sunday after a nearly two-week closure due to deadly mudslides that caused traffic headaches across the region, state officials said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>https://twitter.com/CaltransD5/status/955171468349812736\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Traffic began moving again on U.S. 101 in Santa Barbara County shortly after noon, according to Jim Shivers, spokesman for the California Department of Transportation. Officials had promised a day earlier that the highway would be open again in time for the Monday morning commute.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[contextly_sidebar id=\"rxsqfDW5RSu2iTZi50uGC4I5ykLjwkut\"]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>All lanes were inundated Jan. 9 when a powerful storm brought down boulders and trees from hillsides in Montecito made bare by last month's wildfires. At least 21 people were killed and hundreds of homes were destroyed or damaged. A 17-year-old boy and 2-year-old girl remain missing.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Crews worked around the clock clearing drainage areas, stabilizing embankments and repairing guardrails and signs. They also cleaned and swept the highway.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11643477\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 800px\">\u003ca href=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2018/01/RS28961_Before-qut.jpg\">\u003cimg class=\"size-medium wp-image-11643477\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2018/01/RS28961_Before-qut-800x533.jpg\" alt=\"U.S. Highway 101 at Olive Mill Road in Montecito after mudslides in January 2018.\" width=\"800\" height=\"533\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2018/01/RS28961_Before-qut-800x533.jpg 800w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2018/01/RS28961_Before-qut-160x107.jpg 160w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2018/01/RS28961_Before-qut-960x640.jpg 960w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2018/01/RS28961_Before-qut-240x160.jpg 240w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2018/01/RS28961_Before-qut-375x250.jpg 375w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2018/01/RS28961_Before-qut-520x347.jpg 520w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2018/01/RS28961_Before-qut.jpg 1014w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">U.S. Highway 101 at Olive Mill Road in Montecito after mudslides in January 2018. \u003ccite>(California Department of Transportation)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11643478\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 800px\">\u003ca href=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2018/01/RS28962_After-qut.jpg\">\u003cimg class=\"size-medium wp-image-11643478\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2018/01/RS28962_After-qut-800x534.jpg\" alt=\"U.S. Highway 101 at Olive Mill Road in Montecito on Jan. 21, 2018, after two weeks of cleanup following deadly mudslides that closed the highway for weeks.\" width=\"800\" height=\"534\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2018/01/RS28962_After-qut-800x534.jpg 800w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2018/01/RS28962_After-qut-160x107.jpg 160w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2018/01/RS28962_After-qut-960x641.jpg 960w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2018/01/RS28962_After-qut-240x160.jpg 240w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2018/01/RS28962_After-qut-375x250.jpg 375w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2018/01/RS28962_After-qut-520x347.jpg 520w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2018/01/RS28962_After-qut.jpg 1014w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">U.S. Highway 101 at Olive Mill Road in Montecito on Jan. 21, 2018, after two weeks of cleanup following deadly mudslides that closed the highway for weeks. \u003ccite>(California Department of Transportation)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>During the U.S. 101 shutdown, Amtrak \u003ca href=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/news/2018/01/17/mudslide-bound-residents-relying-on-old-fashioned-transit-alternatives/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">added additional cars\u003c/a> to its route between Santa Barbara and points east as travelers increasingly relied on rail service to get around the closure.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>With many surface streets also impassable, a series of smaller mountain highways were temporarily the only other ground route into the Los Angeles area — located 90 miles down the coast — adding more than three hours to the trip.\u003c/p>\n\n",
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"excerpt": "The highway had been closed for nearly two weeks since deadly mudslides knocked 6 to 8 feet of water and debris onto the road.",
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"description": "The highway had been closed for nearly two weeks since deadly mudslides knocked 6 to 8 feet of water and debris onto the road.",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>U.S. 101 reopened Sunday after a nearly two-week closure due to deadly mudslides that caused traffic headaches across the region, state officials said.\u003c/p>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\n\u003cp>Traffic began moving again on U.S. 101 in Santa Barbara County shortly after noon, according to Jim Shivers, spokesman for the California Department of Transportation. Officials had promised a day earlier that the highway would be open again in time for the Monday morning commute.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>All lanes were inundated Jan. 9 when a powerful storm brought down boulders and trees from hillsides in Montecito made bare by last month's wildfires. At least 21 people were killed and hundreds of homes were destroyed or damaged. A 17-year-old boy and 2-year-old girl remain missing.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Crews worked around the clock clearing drainage areas, stabilizing embankments and repairing guardrails and signs. They also cleaned and swept the highway.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11643477\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 800px\">\u003ca href=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2018/01/RS28961_Before-qut.jpg\">\u003cimg class=\"size-medium wp-image-11643477\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2018/01/RS28961_Before-qut-800x533.jpg\" alt=\"U.S. Highway 101 at Olive Mill Road in Montecito after mudslides in January 2018.\" width=\"800\" height=\"533\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2018/01/RS28961_Before-qut-800x533.jpg 800w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2018/01/RS28961_Before-qut-160x107.jpg 160w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2018/01/RS28961_Before-qut-960x640.jpg 960w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2018/01/RS28961_Before-qut-240x160.jpg 240w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2018/01/RS28961_Before-qut-375x250.jpg 375w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2018/01/RS28961_Before-qut-520x347.jpg 520w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2018/01/RS28961_Before-qut.jpg 1014w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">U.S. Highway 101 at Olive Mill Road in Montecito after mudslides in January 2018. \u003ccite>(California Department of Transportation)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11643478\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 800px\">\u003ca href=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2018/01/RS28962_After-qut.jpg\">\u003cimg class=\"size-medium wp-image-11643478\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2018/01/RS28962_After-qut-800x534.jpg\" alt=\"U.S. Highway 101 at Olive Mill Road in Montecito on Jan. 21, 2018, after two weeks of cleanup following deadly mudslides that closed the highway for weeks.\" width=\"800\" height=\"534\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2018/01/RS28962_After-qut-800x534.jpg 800w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2018/01/RS28962_After-qut-160x107.jpg 160w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2018/01/RS28962_After-qut-960x641.jpg 960w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2018/01/RS28962_After-qut-240x160.jpg 240w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2018/01/RS28962_After-qut-375x250.jpg 375w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2018/01/RS28962_After-qut-520x347.jpg 520w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2018/01/RS28962_After-qut.jpg 1014w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">U.S. Highway 101 at Olive Mill Road in Montecito on Jan. 21, 2018, after two weeks of cleanup following deadly mudslides that closed the highway for weeks. \u003ccite>(California Department of Transportation)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>During the U.S. 101 shutdown, Amtrak \u003ca href=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/news/2018/01/17/mudslide-bound-residents-relying-on-old-fashioned-transit-alternatives/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">added additional cars\u003c/a> to its route between Santa Barbara and points east as travelers increasingly relied on rail service to get around the closure.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>With many surface streets also impassable, a series of smaller mountain highways were temporarily the only other ground route into the Los Angeles area — located 90 miles down the coast — adding more than three hours to the trip.\u003c/p>\n\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>",
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"content": "\u003cp>Bay Area residents are starting to see evidence of the government shutdown at some national parks. \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Muir Woods and Stinson Beach will be closed Sunday, and Alcatraz is open but there are no ranger led tours.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Yosemite National Park in California is open to visitors despite the government shutdown but there'll be nobody to greet them, help them navigate the trails or even make sure they're in the right campground. Since no rangers are working the front gates, entrance is free. [contextly_sidebar id=\"Zuk7BlmAAOTdBiehWxqnkH1laePtPWxQ\"]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"It's clearly not the optimal service that we want to provide to the visitors, but with the lapse of appropriations and the situation we're in, we're just doing the best we can,\" said Scott Gedimen is a spokesman for Yosemite National Park. \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Gediman says the park that boasts the famous granite cliffs of Half Dome and El Capitan can't pay all of its people so rangers are being furloughed. \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>https://twitter.com/YosemiteNPS/status/954807873241935872\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The visitors center is closed, along with some restrooms because there's nobody to clean them. Campground visitors with reservations may find someone else in their spot because nobody will be checking. \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Some medical staff remain on the job and Gediman says privately operated concessions such as stores, hotels and restaurants are open.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>At Muir Beach, visitors reported some bathrooms and parking areas were closed. \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Though Yosemite and Muir Beach are open, but visitors will need to be flexible and adjust their expectations. \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>People hoping to visit Golden Gate National Recreation Area may find some sites are still accessible, but the \u003ca href=\"https://www.nps.gov/goga/index.htm\" rel=\"noopener\" target=\"_blank\">park website\u003c/a> warns \"access may change without notice, and there are no NPS provided services.\" Some closures are outlined on \u003ca href=\"https://www.nps.gov/goga/planyourvisit/temp-closures.htm\" rel=\"noopener\" target=\"_blank\">their website\u003c/a>. \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>https://twitter.com/GoldenGateNPS/status/954855176497590272\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The Interior Department had vowed to keep open as many parks, monuments and public lands as possible during the government shutdown, but visitors were frustrated with spotty closures. \u003c/p>\n\n",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>Bay Area residents are starting to see evidence of the government shutdown at some national parks. \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Muir Woods and Stinson Beach will be closed Sunday, and Alcatraz is open but there are no ranger led tours.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Yosemite National Park in California is open to visitors despite the government shutdown but there'll be nobody to greet them, help them navigate the trails or even make sure they're in the right campground. Since no rangers are working the front gates, entrance is free. \u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"It's clearly not the optimal service that we want to provide to the visitors, but with the lapse of appropriations and the situation we're in, we're just doing the best we can,\" said Scott Gedimen is a spokesman for Yosemite National Park. \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Gediman says the park that boasts the famous granite cliffs of Half Dome and El Capitan can't pay all of its people so rangers are being furloughed. \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"disqusTitle": "Mudslides Take Heavy Toll on Immigrants Serving Posh Town",
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"headTitle": "The California Report | KQED News",
"content": "\u003cp>Oprah Winfrey and Rob Lowe give Montecito its star power, but it's people like Antonio and Victor Benitez who keep the wealthy Southern California community running.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The Mexican brothers are gardeners and part of the town's working-class immigrant population, which suffered outsized losses from the recent mudslides that killed at least 21, injured dozens and damaged or destroyed hundreds of homes.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Antonio and Victor Benitez suffered broken bones and each lost a child. Antonio's wife was killed. Victor's wife was also killed -- her body was found Saturday -- and his toddler son was injured.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>https://twitter.com/sbsheriff/status/954894567769329664\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Nearly a third of those killed in the Jan. 9 mudslides were from immigrant families working in service jobs in the largely white and retired Pacific coast town of 9,000. Many of these families are from developing countries, seizing the opportunities provided by the area's wealth to make a better life for their children.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Among them was 30-year-old Pinit Sutthithepa from Thailand, who worked at a Toyota dealership in Santa Barbara and sent money to his wife and two children for years before being able to bring them to the United States in 2016. The mudslides killed him, his 6-year-old son and his 79-year-old stepfather. Crews are still searching for Sutthithepa's 2-year-old daughter.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>https://twitter.com/sbsheriff/status/952628624275931137\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>His wife and mother were working at a grocery store when rocks and rushing water obliterated their home, Mike Caldwell, Sutthithepa's boss, wrote on a GoFundMe page seeking help for the family.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Martin Cabrera Munoz, 48, worked long hours as a landscaper so he could send money to his children in his native Guanajuato, Mexico. He was sleeping in the room he kept at his boss's home when an avalanche of mud ripped through the property.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"He wanted to give his kids a better life,\" his youngest sister, Diana Montero, told the Los Angeles Times.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>His funeral was held Wednesday at Our Lady of Guadalupe Church in Santa Barbara, where people are also mourning the deaths in the Benitez family.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The Rev. Pedro Lopez has tried to offer words of comfort to his tight-knit, Spanish-speaking parish — but he knows the healing will be slow and painful.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"We've let everyone know the importance of being available to one another to share their grief,\" Lopez said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Many members of the modest church are without work now that the million-dollar homes they cared for have been destroyed by the storm-triggered landslides, which also closed U.S. Highway 101, a major route for commuters between the coastal region's two major cities, Santa Barbara and Ventura. [contextly_sidebar id=\"ZQG54srj4uj324TKkOviZl0r4Jgs3ru2\"]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>A lot of families \"can't get to work because of the freeway closure, or they don't know where to work now, and they don't know how they are going to pay rent or buy groceries,\" Lopez said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Victor and Antonio Benitez built a thriving gardening business after coming to the United States as teenagers from Mexico, joining their father and another brother.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The two brothers, their wives and children shared a home so they could afford the rent in Montecito, where the median home price is more than $4 million.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>They were asleep when the mud and rocks thundered down the hillsides. As it poured in, collapsing the walls, some of the family members tried to escape through the kitchen door but were swept away.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The body of Victor's son, 10-year-old Jonathan Benitez, was found nearly 2 miles (3 kilometers) away.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"He was quite a popular young man. He took everybody under his wing,\" Lopez said, adding that one girl cried when recalling how Jonathan welcomed her to the first communion class.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The body of Jonathan's mother, 28-year-old Faviola Benitez Calderon, a housekeeper, was located Saturday, another victim of the mudslides.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Antonio and Victor Benitez, and Victor's toddler son, Ian, remain in the hospital with broken bones and bruises. Antonio Benitez underwent surgery for abdominal injuries from being dragged by the landslide. He is recovering but overwhelmed with grief over the loss of his 27-year-old wife, Marilyn Ramos, and his 3-year-old daughter, Kailly, their only child.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"Antonio wakes up, cries and cries, and then is given a sedative to go back to sleep, only to wake up again later and cry again,\" said his sister-in-law, Jennifer Ramos.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Marilyn Ramos was living the American Dream that had spurred her to come to the United States at age 20, said her sister, who remained in Marquelia, a small Mexican fishing community south of Acapulco. Ramos met her husband in California.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"All she wanted was to be a mother and have a good family life, which she had,\" Jennifer Ramos said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Nearly a third of Pamela Viale's upscale neighborhood in nearby Goleta hired Antonio and Victor Benitez. The brothers worked for her for five years.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"Once people saw what wonderful work they do and what a strong work ethic they have, word spread,\" she said. \"It grew from one family to 18 families here, and everyone feels strongly about them. They are always willing to go the extra mile, always smiling — very friendly, just amazing people.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"We're really very devastated by their loss.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Viale and others organized GoFundMe pages to help the family, who also lost their tools and truck and face mounting medical bills and funeral costs before they can rebuild their lives.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Lori Lieberman, a recording artist who lives part time in Montecito, said the outpouring of support has been incredible.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"Everyone really loves this family,\" she said.\u003c/p>\n\n",
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"nprByline": "\u003cstrong>Julie Watson\u003c/strong>\u003c/br>Associated Press",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>Oprah Winfrey and Rob Lowe give Montecito its star power, but it's people like Antonio and Victor Benitez who keep the wealthy Southern California community running.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The Mexican brothers are gardeners and part of the town's working-class immigrant population, which suffered outsized losses from the recent mudslides that killed at least 21, injured dozens and damaged or destroyed hundreds of homes.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Antonio and Victor Benitez suffered broken bones and each lost a child. Antonio's wife was killed. Victor's wife was also killed -- her body was found Saturday -- and his toddler son was injured.\u003c/p>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\n\u003cp>Nearly a third of those killed in the Jan. 9 mudslides were from immigrant families working in service jobs in the largely white and retired Pacific coast town of 9,000. Many of these families are from developing countries, seizing the opportunities provided by the area's wealth to make a better life for their children.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Among them was 30-year-old Pinit Sutthithepa from Thailand, who worked at a Toyota dealership in Santa Barbara and sent money to his wife and two children for years before being able to bring them to the United States in 2016. The mudslides killed him, his 6-year-old son and his 79-year-old stepfather. Crews are still searching for Sutthithepa's 2-year-old daughter.\u003c/p>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\n\u003cp>His wife and mother were working at a grocery store when rocks and rushing water obliterated their home, Mike Caldwell, Sutthithepa's boss, wrote on a GoFundMe page seeking help for the family.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Martin Cabrera Munoz, 48, worked long hours as a landscaper so he could send money to his children in his native Guanajuato, Mexico. He was sleeping in the room he kept at his boss's home when an avalanche of mud ripped through the property.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"He wanted to give his kids a better life,\" his youngest sister, Diana Montero, told the Los Angeles Times.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>His funeral was held Wednesday at Our Lady of Guadalupe Church in Santa Barbara, where people are also mourning the deaths in the Benitez family.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The Rev. Pedro Lopez has tried to offer words of comfort to his tight-knit, Spanish-speaking parish — but he knows the healing will be slow and painful.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"We've let everyone know the importance of being available to one another to share their grief,\" Lopez said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Many members of the modest church are without work now that the million-dollar homes they cared for have been destroyed by the storm-triggered landslides, which also closed U.S. Highway 101, a major route for commuters between the coastal region's two major cities, Santa Barbara and Ventura. \u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>A lot of families \"can't get to work because of the freeway closure, or they don't know where to work now, and they don't know how they are going to pay rent or buy groceries,\" Lopez said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Victor and Antonio Benitez built a thriving gardening business after coming to the United States as teenagers from Mexico, joining their father and another brother.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The two brothers, their wives and children shared a home so they could afford the rent in Montecito, where the median home price is more than $4 million.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>They were asleep when the mud and rocks thundered down the hillsides. As it poured in, collapsing the walls, some of the family members tried to escape through the kitchen door but were swept away.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The body of Victor's son, 10-year-old Jonathan Benitez, was found nearly 2 miles (3 kilometers) away.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"He was quite a popular young man. He took everybody under his wing,\" Lopez said, adding that one girl cried when recalling how Jonathan welcomed her to the first communion class.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The body of Jonathan's mother, 28-year-old Faviola Benitez Calderon, a housekeeper, was located Saturday, another victim of the mudslides.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Antonio and Victor Benitez, and Victor's toddler son, Ian, remain in the hospital with broken bones and bruises. Antonio Benitez underwent surgery for abdominal injuries from being dragged by the landslide. He is recovering but overwhelmed with grief over the loss of his 27-year-old wife, Marilyn Ramos, and his 3-year-old daughter, Kailly, their only child.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"Antonio wakes up, cries and cries, and then is given a sedative to go back to sleep, only to wake up again later and cry again,\" said his sister-in-law, Jennifer Ramos.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Marilyn Ramos was living the American Dream that had spurred her to come to the United States at age 20, said her sister, who remained in Marquelia, a small Mexican fishing community south of Acapulco. Ramos met her husband in California.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"All she wanted was to be a mother and have a good family life, which she had,\" Jennifer Ramos said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Nearly a third of Pamela Viale's upscale neighborhood in nearby Goleta hired Antonio and Victor Benitez. The brothers worked for her for five years.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"Once people saw what wonderful work they do and what a strong work ethic they have, word spread,\" she said. \"It grew from one family to 18 families here, and everyone feels strongly about them. They are always willing to go the extra mile, always smiling — very friendly, just amazing people.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"We're really very devastated by their loss.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Viale and others organized GoFundMe pages to help the family, who also lost their tools and truck and face mounting medical bills and funeral costs before they can rebuild their lives.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Lori Lieberman, a recording artist who lives part time in Montecito, said the outpouring of support has been incredible.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"Everyone really loves this family,\" she said.\u003c/p>\n\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>",
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"content": "\u003cp>Visitors could still ride snowmobiles and ski into Yellowstone National Park Saturday to marvel at the geysers and buffalo herds, despite the federal government shutdown.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But across the country in New York, the nation's most famous monuments to immigration — the Statue of Liberty and Ellis Island — were closed.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The Interior Department had vowed to keep open as many parks, monuments and public lands as possible during the shutdown, which began at midnight Friday on the East Coast.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>By mid-day Saturday, the pattern was spotty, and some visitors were frustrated.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"My initial reaction is, they really kind of screwed up our day. We had a great day planned,\" said Dan O'Meara, a California firefighter who wanted to visit the Statue of Liberty and Ellis Island.[contextly_sidebar id=\"yw8VN64OENAll0DYZRrtd65XaQ4FadHF\"]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"But the next thing is, you know — it's troubling that the people we voted in are not doing the job that they're supposed to be doing. So, it's very frustrating,\" he said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In Yellowstone, cross-country skier Carol Weaver was unhappy with lawmakers, even though the park was open for her and nine friends who planned a two-day visit.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Weaver, from Bozeman, Montana, worried about what would happen if the impasse is lengthy.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"This is our public land, and we should be able to use it any time we want,\" she said. \"Congress better get its act together. They've been so irresponsible the last year, as well as the White House.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Yellowstone had 2 inches of fresh snow on Saturday and temperatures were in the teens. Visitor centers and other facilities run by the National Park Service were closed, but privately operated hotels, tour services and gift shops were open.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Xanterra Parks & Resorts and other private companies that serve visitors at Yellowstone said they would groom the park's snow-packed roads for up to a week to keep them open for snowmobiles and snow coaches — small buses with tank-like tracks.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In Philadelphia, the Liberty Bell and Independence Hall — where the Declaration of Independence and the Constitution were signed — were closed.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Gaetana Dimauro of Adelaide, Australia, wasn't aware of the government shutdown when she went to see the Liberty Bell.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"That's bad though,\" she said. \"I never heard of that before.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In Boston, the USS Constitution, the 220-year-old warship anchored at Charlestown Navy Yard, was open to visitors. But the site of the Revolutionary War Battle of Bunker Hill was closed.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Martin Luther King Jr.'s childhood home in Atlanta was closed, along with historic Ebenezer Baptist Church and the visitor center at MLK National Historic Site, The Atlanta Journal-Constitution reported.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>A monument and museum dedicated to the victims of the 1995 Oklahoma City bombing, however, stayed open. Kari Watkins, executive director of the Oklahoma City National Memorial and Museum, said the center is affiliated with the National Park Service but is owned and operated by the Oklahoma City National Memorial Foundation.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In New Mexico, parts of Bandelier National Monument's cliff dwellings and fragile archaeological sites were off-limits to protect them from damage, but the entrance road and some trails were open.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Rocky Mountain National Park in Colorado and Yosemite National Park in California were open, but few Park Service staff were available to help visitors.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>A storm moving into Colorado Saturday was expected to drop up to 18 inches of snow, and Rocky Mountain National Park spokeswoman Kyle Patterson said crews would not plow the roads.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In Florida, the western entrance to Everglades National Park was closed but boat tours were still operating, the Naples Daily News reported .\u003c/p>\n\n",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"But the next thing is, you know — it's troubling that the people we voted in are not doing the job that they're supposed to be doing. So, it's very frustrating,\" he said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In Yellowstone, cross-country skier Carol Weaver was unhappy with lawmakers, even though the park was open for her and nine friends who planned a two-day visit.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Weaver, from Bozeman, Montana, worried about what would happen if the impasse is lengthy.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"This is our public land, and we should be able to use it any time we want,\" she said. \"Congress better get its act together. They've been so irresponsible the last year, as well as the White House.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Yellowstone had 2 inches of fresh snow on Saturday and temperatures were in the teens. Visitor centers and other facilities run by the National Park Service were closed, but privately operated hotels, tour services and gift shops were open.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Xanterra Parks & Resorts and other private companies that serve visitors at Yellowstone said they would groom the park's snow-packed roads for up to a week to keep them open for snowmobiles and snow coaches — small buses with tank-like tracks.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In Philadelphia, the Liberty Bell and Independence Hall — where the Declaration of Independence and the Constitution were signed — were closed.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Gaetana Dimauro of Adelaide, Australia, wasn't aware of the government shutdown when she went to see the Liberty Bell.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"That's bad though,\" she said. \"I never heard of that before.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In Boston, the USS Constitution, the 220-year-old warship anchored at Charlestown Navy Yard, was open to visitors. But the site of the Revolutionary War Battle of Bunker Hill was closed.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Martin Luther King Jr.'s childhood home in Atlanta was closed, along with historic Ebenezer Baptist Church and the visitor center at MLK National Historic Site, The Atlanta Journal-Constitution reported.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>A monument and museum dedicated to the victims of the 1995 Oklahoma City bombing, however, stayed open. Kari Watkins, executive director of the Oklahoma City National Memorial and Museum, said the center is affiliated with the National Park Service but is owned and operated by the Oklahoma City National Memorial Foundation.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In New Mexico, parts of Bandelier National Monument's cliff dwellings and fragile archaeological sites were off-limits to protect them from damage, but the entrance road and some trails were open.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Rocky Mountain National Park in Colorado and Yosemite National Park in California were open, but few Park Service staff were available to help visitors.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>A storm moving into Colorado Saturday was expected to drop up to 18 inches of snow, and Rocky Mountain National Park spokeswoman Kyle Patterson said crews would not plow the roads.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In Florida, the western entrance to Everglades National Park was closed but boat tours were still operating, the Naples Daily News reported .\u003c/p>\n\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>",
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"content": "\u003cp>2017 was among the warmest years on record, according to new data released by NASA and the National Oceanic Atmospheric Administration.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The planet's global surface temperature last year was second warmest since 1880, NASA says. NOAA calls it the third warmest year on record, due to slight variation in the ways that they analyze temperatures.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Both put 2017 behind 2016's record temperatures. And \"both analyses show that the five warmest years on record have all taken place since 2010,\" NASA said in a press release.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The trend is seen most dramatically in the Arctic, NASA says, as sea ice continues to melt.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"Despite colder than average temperatures in any one part of the world, temperatures over the planet as a whole continue the rapid warming trend we've seen over the last 40 years,\" said Gavin Schmidt, the director of NASA's Goddard Institute for Space Studies.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In NASA's rankings, 2016 was the warmest-ever year. But it adds that 2016's temperatures were heightened by an El Niño event. \"In an analysis where the effects of the recent El Niño and La Niña patterns were statistically removed from the record, 2017 would have been the warmest year on record,\" NASA says.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The warming trend was clear in both land and sea temperature measurements. According to NOAA, 2017 average land surface temperatures were 2.36 degrees Fahrenheit hotter than the 20th century average, while sea temperatures were 1.21 degrees Fahrenheit hotter than that benchmark.\u003c/p>\n\u003cdiv class=\"fullattribution\">Copyright 2018 NPR. To see more, visit http://www.npr.org/.\u003cimg src=\"https://www.google-analytics.com/__utm.gif?utmac=UA-5828686-4&utmdt=2017+Among+Warmest+Years+On+Record&utme=8(APIKey)9(MDAxOTAwOTE4MDEyMTkxMDAzNjczZDljZA004)\">\u003c/div>\n\n",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>2017 was among the warmest years on record, according to new data released by NASA and the National Oceanic Atmospheric Administration.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The planet's global surface temperature last year was second warmest since 1880, NASA says. NOAA calls it the third warmest year on record, due to slight variation in the ways that they analyze temperatures.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Both put 2017 behind 2016's record temperatures. And \"both analyses show that the five warmest years on record have all taken place since 2010,\" NASA said in a press release.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The trend is seen most dramatically in the Arctic, NASA says, as sea ice continues to melt.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"Despite colder than average temperatures in any one part of the world, temperatures over the planet as a whole continue the rapid warming trend we've seen over the last 40 years,\" said Gavin Schmidt, the director of NASA's Goddard Institute for Space Studies.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In NASA's rankings, 2016 was the warmest-ever year. But it adds that 2016's temperatures were heightened by an El Niño event. \"In an analysis where the effects of the recent El Niño and La Niña patterns were statistically removed from the record, 2017 would have been the warmest year on record,\" NASA says.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The warming trend was clear in both land and sea temperature measurements. According to NOAA, 2017 average land surface temperatures were 2.36 degrees Fahrenheit hotter than the 20th century average, while sea temperatures were 1.21 degrees Fahrenheit hotter than that benchmark.\u003c/p>\n\u003cdiv class=\"fullattribution\">Copyright 2018 NPR. To see more, visit http://www.npr.org/.\u003cimg src=\"https://www.google-analytics.com/__utm.gif?utmac=UA-5828686-4&utmdt=2017+Among+Warmest+Years+On+Record&utme=8(APIKey)9(MDAxOTAwOTE4MDEyMTkxMDAzNjczZDljZA004)\">\u003c/div>\n\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>",
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"info": "Possible is hosted by entrepreneur Reid Hoffman and writer Aria Finger. Together in Possible, Hoffman and Finger lead enlightening discussions about building a brighter collective future. The show features interviews with visionary guests like Trevor Noah, Sam Altman and Janette Sadik-Khan. Possible paints an optimistic portrait of the world we can create through science, policy, business, art and our shared humanity. It asks: What if everything goes right for once? How can we get there? Each episode also includes a short fiction story generated by advanced AI GPT-4, serving as a thought-provoking springboard to speculate how humanity could leverage technology for good.",
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"tagline": "Art is where you find it",
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"soldout": {
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"tagline": "A new future for housing",
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"info": "Tech Nation is a weekly public radio program, hosted by Dr. Moira Gunn. Founded in 1993, it has grown from a simple interview show to a multi-faceted production, featuring conversations with noted technology and science leaders, and a weekly science and technology-related commentary.",
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"title": "TED Radio Hour",
"info": "The TED Radio Hour is a journey through fascinating ideas, astonishing inventions, fresh approaches to old problems, and new ways to think and create.",
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