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"disqusTitle": "Retired Oil Rigs Off California Coast Could Be Reborn As Artificial Reefs",
"title": "Retired Oil Rigs Off California Coast Could Be Reborn As Artificial Reefs",
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"content": "\u003cp>Offshore oil and gas drilling has been a contentious issue in California for 50 years, ever since a rig ruptured and spilled \u003ca href=\"https://theconversation.com/trumps-push-for-new-offshore-drilling-is-likely-to-run-aground-in-california-89952\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">80,000 to 100,000 barrels of crude oil\u003c/a> off the Santa Barbara coast in 1969.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[aside label=\"related\" tag=\"offshore-drilling\"]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Today it’s spurring a new debate: whether to completely dismantle 27 oil and gas platforms scattered along the Southern California coast as they near the end of their working lives, or convert the underwater sections into permanent artificial reefs for marine life.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>We know that here and elsewhere, many thousands of fish and millions of invertebrates use offshore rigs as marine habitat. Working with state fisheries agencies, energy companies have converted decommissioned oil and gas platforms into man-made reefs in the Gulf of Mexico, Brunei and Malaysia.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Californians \u003ca href=\"https://theconversation.com/coastal-protection-on-the-edge-the-challenge-of-preserving-californias-legacy-76927\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">prize their spectacular coastline\u003c/a>, and there are \u003ca href=\"https://www.eenews.net/stories/1060034680\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">disagreements over the rigs-to-reefs concept\u003c/a>. Some groups assert that abandoned oil rigs could \u003ca href=\"https://www.surfrider.org/coastal-blog/entry/rigs-to-grief-a-bad-oil-bill-stopped\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">release toxic chemicals into the water\u003c/a> and create underwater hazards. In contrast, supporters say the submerged sections have become \u003ca href=\"https://www.change.org/p/support-the-rigs-to-reefs-program-in-california\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">productive reefs that should be left in place\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In a recent study, we reviewed the history of rigs-to-reefs conversions, including decades of published scientific research monitoring the \u003ca href=\"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ocecoaman.2018.10.024\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">effects of these projects\u003c/a>. Based on this record, we conclude that \"reefing\" the habitat under decommissioned oil and gas platforms is a viable option for California. It also could serve as a model for decommissioning some of the 7,500 other offshore platforms operating around the world.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure>[youtube https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=irE5RQepQ_8?wmode=transparent&start=0]\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan class=\"caption\">Reefing oil rigs clearly benefits oil companies, but scientists say it’s also good for marine life.\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Unplanned underwater communities\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Offshore petroleum platforms are designed to withstand hurricanes and earthquakes, but not to be permanent. When they reach the end of their useful lives, typically after about 25 to 50 years of operation, federal and state laws require energy companies to decommission them.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>This usually means completely removing the platform and submerged supporting structures and returning the seafloor to an unobstructed condition. Only in certain cases does any part of the platform remain.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>These rigs weren’t designed with the intent of creating reefs, but their underwater steel-pipe support systems — called “jackets” in the oil business — attract vast numbers of invertebrates that settle on them. In turn, these creatures attract diverse fish species. Together these colonies create reef systems that can resist rusting for several hundred years.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Off California, a myriad of invertebrates coat each platform jacket. Millions of mussels, sea stars and brightly colored anemones fight for space, creating a quilt of patterns and textures. Both large and small fish are also abundant. In some years, clouds of hundreds of thousands of juvenile rockfishes school in the depths below operating oil platforms.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Creating new habitat\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Humans have sought to enhance fisheries with artificial reefs for centuries, using materials ranging from wood, rock, concrete and \u003ca href=\"https://oceanservice.noaa.gov/facts/artificial-reef.html\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">decommissioned ships\u003c/a>. The idea of reefing platform jackets developed after oil and gas companies started building platforms in the Gulf of Mexico in the late 1940s. Those steel-pipe structures provided rock-hard habitat for reef fish on an otherwise smooth seafloor, and became highly popular fishing destinations.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Installing thousands of platforms catalyzed a basin-wide increase in available reef fish species, such as the highly prized red snapper. Reef fish moved into areas where they had previously been scarce, due to a \u003ca href=\"https://cil.nus.edu.sg/wp-content/uploads/2013/06/11.-Prof.-Richard-MCLAUGHLIN-_Idle-Iron_-versus-_Rigs-to-Reefs_-Surviving-Conflicting-Policy-Mandates-in-the-Gulf-of-Mexico.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">lack of hard habitat\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11747982\" class=\"wp-caption alignnone\" style=\"max-width: 754px\">\u003ca href=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2019/05/file-20190514-60537-r0oun4.jpg\">\u003cimg class=\"size-full wp-image-11747982\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2019/05/file-20190514-60537-r0oun4.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"754\" height=\"566\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2019/05/file-20190514-60537-r0oun4.jpg 754w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2019/05/file-20190514-60537-r0oun4-160x120.jpg 160w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2019/05/file-20190514-60537-r0oun4-632x474.jpg 632w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2019/05/file-20190514-60537-r0oun4-536x402.jpg 536w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 754px) 100vw, 754px\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">A marine biologist surveys fishes living at Platform A in the Santa Barbara Channel. \u003ccite>(\u003ca href=\"http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nd/4.0/\">Desmond Ho/CC BY-ND\u003c/a>)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>In the mid-1980s, Louisiana legislated the \u003ca href=\"http://www.wlf.louisiana.gov/fishing/artificial-reef-program\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">first U.S. reefing option\u003c/a> for its offshore waters. This program was designed to take advantage of fishing opportunities provided by obsolete platforms and encourage energy companies to convert decommissioned platforms into reefs. Since then, over 500 submerged jackets in the gulf, from Texas to Alabama, have been adapted into artificial reef programs.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Platforms generally consist of two distinct parts: the topside, or operational facilities seen above water, and the substructure, or parts below the water. To make a reef, energy companies completely remove the topside and transfer it to shore for recycling or partial reuse. In the Gulf of Mexico and elsewhere, they may tow the underwater jacket to a new location, topple it onto the seabed or cut off the top portion and \u003ca href=\"https://www.bsee.gov/what-we-do/environmental-focuses/rigs-to-reefs#3\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">place it on the seabed next to the lower portion\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>California law only allows partial removal, or cutting off of the top portion. That way the underwater jacket remains intact and in place, which is the least destructive method for the reef.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Helping or hurting sea life?\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Across the Gulf of Mexico, reefed oil platforms have significantly increased the amount of available reef fish. Many have become popular \u003ca href=\"https://www.saltstrong.com/articles/texas-fishing-reef-gps-coordinates/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">fishing\u003c/a> and \u003ca href=\"https://www.smithsonianmag.com/travel/gulf-mexicos-hottest-diving-spots-are-decommissioned-oil-rigs-180971728/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">diving\u003c/a> sites. In California, most operating platforms are not fished, so they have functioned for decades as de facto marine protected areas, providing ecological benefits for severely overfished species.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>For example, scientists have found greater numbers of adult fish of some species, such as cowcod and bocaccio rockfishes, under platforms than on natural reefs. More adults capable of spawning make it likely that more larvae will be released into the ecosystem from species under platforms.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Although some platforms have been installed and removed off of Southern California, none have been reefed. Discussion of reefing, supported by many years of scientific studies in California waters, led to enactment of the \u003ca href=\"https://law.justia.com/codes/california/2016/code-fgc/division-6/part-1/chapter-5.5/article-2/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">2010 Marine Resources Legacy Act\u003c/a>, which authorized the rigs-to-reefs concept. Now Platform Holly in state waters and Platforms Grace, Gail, Hermosa, Hildago and Harvest, in federal waters, are undergoing initial steps for decommissioning.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>This process is expensive, technically complex and lengthy. Because it requires intricate planning, oil companies are likely to consider decommissioning more platforms while they are already organizing equipment, engineering and infrastructure acquisition for the current set. Although industry will save money if a platform is reefed, the savings must be shared with the state. Reefing thus could generate funds for other marine conservation efforts.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Either total or partial decommissioning will have many environmental and socioeconomic impacts, both positive and negative. Californians have not had an opportunity to consider what should happen to decommissioned oil platforms since the mid-1990s. Now citizens have an opportunity to reconsider the issue and decide the fate of an unintended but biologically important resource.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>\u003ca href=\"https://theconversation.com/profiles/ann-scarborough-bull-690117\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Ann Scarborough Bull\u003c/a>, Visiting Researcher, Marine Science institute, \u003ca href=\"http://theconversation.com/institutions/university-of-california-santa-barbara-1350\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">University of California, Santa Barbara\u003c/a> and \u003ca href=\"https://theconversation.com/profiles/milton-love-690119\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Milton Love\u003c/a>, Research Biologist, Marine Science Institute, \u003ca href=\"http://theconversation.com/institutions/university-of-california-santa-barbara-1350\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">University of California, Santa Barbara\u003c/a>\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>This article is republished from \u003ca href=\"http://theconversation.com\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">The Conversation\u003c/a> under a Creative Commons license. Read the \u003ca href=\"https://theconversation.com/retired-oil-rigs-off-the-california-coast-could-find-new-lives-as-artificial-reefs-111892\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">original article\u003c/a>.\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad floatright]\u003c/p>\n",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>Offshore oil and gas drilling has been a contentious issue in California for 50 years, ever since a rig ruptured and spilled \u003ca href=\"https://theconversation.com/trumps-push-for-new-offshore-drilling-is-likely-to-run-aground-in-california-89952\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">80,000 to 100,000 barrels of crude oil\u003c/a> off the Santa Barbara coast in 1969.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Today it’s spurring a new debate: whether to completely dismantle 27 oil and gas platforms scattered along the Southern California coast as they near the end of their working lives, or convert the underwater sections into permanent artificial reefs for marine life.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>We know that here and elsewhere, many thousands of fish and millions of invertebrates use offshore rigs as marine habitat. Working with state fisheries agencies, energy companies have converted decommissioned oil and gas platforms into man-made reefs in the Gulf of Mexico, Brunei and Malaysia.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Californians \u003ca href=\"https://theconversation.com/coastal-protection-on-the-edge-the-challenge-of-preserving-californias-legacy-76927\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">prize their spectacular coastline\u003c/a>, and there are \u003ca href=\"https://www.eenews.net/stories/1060034680\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">disagreements over the rigs-to-reefs concept\u003c/a>. Some groups assert that abandoned oil rigs could \u003ca href=\"https://www.surfrider.org/coastal-blog/entry/rigs-to-grief-a-bad-oil-bill-stopped\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">release toxic chemicals into the water\u003c/a> and create underwater hazards. In contrast, supporters say the submerged sections have become \u003ca href=\"https://www.change.org/p/support-the-rigs-to-reefs-program-in-california\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">productive reefs that should be left in place\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In a recent study, we reviewed the history of rigs-to-reefs conversions, including decades of published scientific research monitoring the \u003ca href=\"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ocecoaman.2018.10.024\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">effects of these projects\u003c/a>. Based on this record, we conclude that \"reefing\" the habitat under decommissioned oil and gas platforms is a viable option for California. It also could serve as a model for decommissioning some of the 7,500 other offshore platforms operating around the world.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure>\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003cspan class='utils-parseShortcode-shortcodes-__youtubeShortcode__embedYoutube'>\n \u003cspan class='utils-parseShortcode-shortcodes-__youtubeShortcode__embedYoutubeInside'>\n \u003ciframe\n loading='lazy'\n class='utils-parseShortcode-shortcodes-__youtubeShortcode__youtubePlayer'\n type='text/html'\n src='//www.youtube.com/embed/irE5RQepQ_8?wmode=transparent'\n title='//www.youtube.com/embed/irE5RQepQ_8?wmode=transparent'\n allowfullscreen='true'\n style='border:0;'>\u003c/iframe>\n \u003c/span>\n \u003c/span>\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan class=\"caption\">Reefing oil rigs clearly benefits oil companies, but scientists say it’s also good for marine life.\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Unplanned underwater communities\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Offshore petroleum platforms are designed to withstand hurricanes and earthquakes, but not to be permanent. When they reach the end of their useful lives, typically after about 25 to 50 years of operation, federal and state laws require energy companies to decommission them.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>This usually means completely removing the platform and submerged supporting structures and returning the seafloor to an unobstructed condition. Only in certain cases does any part of the platform remain.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>These rigs weren’t designed with the intent of creating reefs, but their underwater steel-pipe support systems — called “jackets” in the oil business — attract vast numbers of invertebrates that settle on them. In turn, these creatures attract diverse fish species. Together these colonies create reef systems that can resist rusting for several hundred years.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Off California, a myriad of invertebrates coat each platform jacket. Millions of mussels, sea stars and brightly colored anemones fight for space, creating a quilt of patterns and textures. Both large and small fish are also abundant. In some years, clouds of hundreds of thousands of juvenile rockfishes school in the depths below operating oil platforms.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Creating new habitat\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Humans have sought to enhance fisheries with artificial reefs for centuries, using materials ranging from wood, rock, concrete and \u003ca href=\"https://oceanservice.noaa.gov/facts/artificial-reef.html\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">decommissioned ships\u003c/a>. The idea of reefing platform jackets developed after oil and gas companies started building platforms in the Gulf of Mexico in the late 1940s. Those steel-pipe structures provided rock-hard habitat for reef fish on an otherwise smooth seafloor, and became highly popular fishing destinations.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Installing thousands of platforms catalyzed a basin-wide increase in available reef fish species, such as the highly prized red snapper. Reef fish moved into areas where they had previously been scarce, due to a \u003ca href=\"https://cil.nus.edu.sg/wp-content/uploads/2013/06/11.-Prof.-Richard-MCLAUGHLIN-_Idle-Iron_-versus-_Rigs-to-Reefs_-Surviving-Conflicting-Policy-Mandates-in-the-Gulf-of-Mexico.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">lack of hard habitat\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11747982\" class=\"wp-caption alignnone\" style=\"max-width: 754px\">\u003ca href=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2019/05/file-20190514-60537-r0oun4.jpg\">\u003cimg class=\"size-full wp-image-11747982\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2019/05/file-20190514-60537-r0oun4.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"754\" height=\"566\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2019/05/file-20190514-60537-r0oun4.jpg 754w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2019/05/file-20190514-60537-r0oun4-160x120.jpg 160w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2019/05/file-20190514-60537-r0oun4-632x474.jpg 632w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2019/05/file-20190514-60537-r0oun4-536x402.jpg 536w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 754px) 100vw, 754px\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">A marine biologist surveys fishes living at Platform A in the Santa Barbara Channel. \u003ccite>(\u003ca href=\"http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nd/4.0/\">Desmond Ho/CC BY-ND\u003c/a>)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>In the mid-1980s, Louisiana legislated the \u003ca href=\"http://www.wlf.louisiana.gov/fishing/artificial-reef-program\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">first U.S. reefing option\u003c/a> for its offshore waters. This program was designed to take advantage of fishing opportunities provided by obsolete platforms and encourage energy companies to convert decommissioned platforms into reefs. Since then, over 500 submerged jackets in the gulf, from Texas to Alabama, have been adapted into artificial reef programs.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Platforms generally consist of two distinct parts: the topside, or operational facilities seen above water, and the substructure, or parts below the water. To make a reef, energy companies completely remove the topside and transfer it to shore for recycling or partial reuse. In the Gulf of Mexico and elsewhere, they may tow the underwater jacket to a new location, topple it onto the seabed or cut off the top portion and \u003ca href=\"https://www.bsee.gov/what-we-do/environmental-focuses/rigs-to-reefs#3\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">place it on the seabed next to the lower portion\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>California law only allows partial removal, or cutting off of the top portion. That way the underwater jacket remains intact and in place, which is the least destructive method for the reef.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Helping or hurting sea life?\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Across the Gulf of Mexico, reefed oil platforms have significantly increased the amount of available reef fish. Many have become popular \u003ca href=\"https://www.saltstrong.com/articles/texas-fishing-reef-gps-coordinates/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">fishing\u003c/a> and \u003ca href=\"https://www.smithsonianmag.com/travel/gulf-mexicos-hottest-diving-spots-are-decommissioned-oil-rigs-180971728/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">diving\u003c/a> sites. In California, most operating platforms are not fished, so they have functioned for decades as de facto marine protected areas, providing ecological benefits for severely overfished species.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>For example, scientists have found greater numbers of adult fish of some species, such as cowcod and bocaccio rockfishes, under platforms than on natural reefs. More adults capable of spawning make it likely that more larvae will be released into the ecosystem from species under platforms.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Although some platforms have been installed and removed off of Southern California, none have been reefed. Discussion of reefing, supported by many years of scientific studies in California waters, led to enactment of the \u003ca href=\"https://law.justia.com/codes/california/2016/code-fgc/division-6/part-1/chapter-5.5/article-2/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">2010 Marine Resources Legacy Act\u003c/a>, which authorized the rigs-to-reefs concept. Now Platform Holly in state waters and Platforms Grace, Gail, Hermosa, Hildago and Harvest, in federal waters, are undergoing initial steps for decommissioning.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>This process is expensive, technically complex and lengthy. Because it requires intricate planning, oil companies are likely to consider decommissioning more platforms while they are already organizing equipment, engineering and infrastructure acquisition for the current set. Although industry will save money if a platform is reefed, the savings must be shared with the state. Reefing thus could generate funds for other marine conservation efforts.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Either total or partial decommissioning will have many environmental and socioeconomic impacts, both positive and negative. Californians have not had an opportunity to consider what should happen to decommissioned oil platforms since the mid-1990s. Now citizens have an opportunity to reconsider the issue and decide the fate of an unintended but biologically important resource.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>\u003ca href=\"https://theconversation.com/profiles/ann-scarborough-bull-690117\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Ann Scarborough Bull\u003c/a>, Visiting Researcher, Marine Science institute, \u003ca href=\"http://theconversation.com/institutions/university-of-california-santa-barbara-1350\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">University of California, Santa Barbara\u003c/a> and \u003ca href=\"https://theconversation.com/profiles/milton-love-690119\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Milton Love\u003c/a>, Research Biologist, Marine Science Institute, \u003ca href=\"http://theconversation.com/institutions/university-of-california-santa-barbara-1350\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">University of California, Santa Barbara\u003c/a>\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>This article is republished from \u003ca href=\"http://theconversation.com\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">The Conversation\u003c/a> under a Creative Commons license. Read the \u003ca href=\"https://theconversation.com/retired-oil-rigs-off-the-california-coast-could-find-new-lives-as-artificial-reefs-111892\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">original article\u003c/a>.\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"disqusTitle": "California Weighs How to Lighten Its Plastic Problem",
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"content": "\u003cp>A pair of ambitious bills currently making their way through the state legislature aim to stem the flood of plastic in stores, landfills and increasingly in the environment by placing aggressive new regulations on how plastics are manufactured and recycled in California.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"http://leginfo.legislature.ca.gov/faces/billTextClient.xhtml?bill_id=201920200SB54\">Senate Bill 54\u003c/a> and its companion \u003ca href=\"http://leginfo.legislature.ca.gov/faces/billTextClient.xhtml?bill_id=201920200AB1080\">Assembly Bill 1080\u003c/a> would require that manufacturers and retailers slash the amount of waste generated by single-use packaging and products by 75% over the next decade — and to do it by making their products recyclable or compostable, or to simply not make them in the first place.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[pullquote size=\"medium\" align=”right” citation=\"Martin Bourque, Ecology Center\"]\"For years, it was — collect all plastics in a really big blue bin and hope that somewhere in the land of rainbows and unicorns it’s all being sorted.\"[/pullquote]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The bills target items that are typically used only once before being thrown away, like plastic forks, takeout food containers, or the packaging for everyday items like toothbrushes or toys. A lot of it can’t be recycled because of the type of plastic it’s made from or because it contains mixed materials.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>State Assemblywoman Lorena Gonzalez, who co-authored AB 1080, tweeted Thursday, “Plastic #pollution is a global crisis and #CAMustLead the nation in fighting against it,” after her bill passed the Assembly Appropriations Committee. SB 54 passed the Appropriations Committee on the Senate side, also on Thursday.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>https://twitter.com/LorenaAD80/status/1129103098746552320\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>An estimated 2.37 million tons of plastic material ended up in California landfills in 2017, according to the state agency CalRecycle. And the list of plastics in the dump is long and varied — cups and lids, trays for cookies or raw meat, bags for potato chips or bread, pouches for baby food or refillable soap, just to name a few.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Our mission is to send almost nothing to landfill,” said Eric Potashner, Vice President of San Francisco’s waste management company, Recology, which is backing the legislation and gave input on its drafting.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>After achieving a 75% reduction in single-use plastic waste by 2030, the legislation would ramp up the goal even further: after 2030, all these types of products would need to be recyclable or compostable.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The goals set forth in the bills are aggressive, and they would place more responsibility on the plastics industry to help account for the total lifecycle of their products. A separate bill written by state Assemblyman Phil Ting would \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/news/11739302/a-future-with-100-recycled-beverage-bottles-a-new-state-bill-would-require-it\">require that beverage bottle manufacturers buy back recycled plastic\u003c/a> and use them in new bottles.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[aside heroLink=\"https://www.kqed.org/news/tag/plastic\" label=\"More Coverage on Plastic Waste\" postID=\"news_11745327,science_1941477,news_11739302\"]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But being recyclable and actually getting recycled aren’t the same thing, so the bills have a provision for that, too: Manufacturers would need to show that their goods are getting recycled at a rate that starts at 20% in 2022 and gradually increases to 75% in 2030.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Those are also ambitious goals. Californians have embraced the recycling of beverage containers, thanks to the state’s \u003ca href=\"https://www.calrecycle.ca.gov/bevcontainer\">CRV program\u003c/a>, which offers cash incentives to return bottles and cans. An encouraging 88% of aluminum cans and around 70% of #1 and #2 plastic bottles (overall what most water and soda comes packaged in) are being recycled, according to the \u003ca href=\"https://www.calrecycle.ca.gov/docs/cr/bevcontainer/rates/biannualrpt/janjunerpt.pdf\">state’s most recent report\u003c/a>. But the rates plummet for all other types of plastic: only 8% of #5 plastic, commonly used in yogurt containers, for example, makes its way back to recyclers.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Then there’s the question of whether there’s even a market for many types of recycled plastics. For anything besides #1 and #2 plastics, the answer is “not really,” according to Martin Bourque, executive director of Berkeley’s Ecology Center, which started the nation’s first curbside recycling program.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“For years, it was — collect all plastics in a really big blue bin and hope that somewhere in the land of rainbows and unicorns it’s all being sorted,” Bourque said. “The reality is much grittier.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Representatives of the plastics industry agree there are challenges in getting more plastics recycled.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“One of the reasons why the recycling rate [of plastic] is lower is because there's not an end market to actually send a lot of the materials to,” said Shannon Crawford, Director of State Government Affairs for the Plastics Industry Association, which has registered its opposition to both bills. “There needs to be an increased investment in infrastructure in the state and increased investment in market development.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>While the bill could encourage the development of a more robust market for recycled plastic, the details of implementing the bill would fall to CalRecycle, officially known as the Department of Resources Recycling and Recovery.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>That lack of clarity is one reason why the American Chemistry Council is opposed to the bill.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“We are not objecting to what they're trying to do in terms of getting more material out of landfill and into recycling and composting streams,” said Tim Shestek, senior director of state affairs for the Council. “We're opposed to the bill just because of so many open-ended, unanswered questions that are out there right now.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Shestek pointed at a number of plastic products that would be hard to replace, including medical equipment, diapers, feminine hygiene products, and even ball point pens. He said that food safety was also a concern, if the right type of plastic can’t be used to package certain foods.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The American Chemistry Council hopes to work with legislators to refine the bill. “We're hoping to sit down between now and the end of the year to try to work something out that makes sense for recycling, for composting, for the environment, for manufacturers,” Shestek said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11747814\" class=\"wp-caption alignnone\" style=\"max-width: 800px\">\u003cimg class=\"size-medium wp-image-11747814\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2019/05/HDPE_crop-800x626.jpg\" alt=\"Bales of #2 plastic, also known as High-density polyethylene or HDPE are generally seen used in laundry detergent bottles and milk jugs\" width=\"800\" height=\"626\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2019/05/HDPE_crop-800x626.jpg 800w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2019/05/HDPE_crop-160x125.jpg 160w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2019/05/HDPE_crop-1020x798.jpg 1020w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2019/05/HDPE_crop-1200x939.jpg 1200w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2019/05/HDPE_crop-1920x1502.jpg 1920w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2019/05/HDPE_crop.jpg 2048w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Bales of #2 plastic, also known as high-density polyethylene or HDPE are generally seen used in laundry detergent bottles and milk jugs \u003ccite>(Recology)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Still, the time may be right in the court of public opinion. Support for reducing plastic waste is building, fueled by stark images of \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/science/1939310/nothing-but-nonstop-plastic-found-in-stomach-of-dead-whale\">whales with bellies filled with plastic\u003c/a> and mountains of plastic trash polluting poor communities in Asia.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Some enterprising companies are trying to cash in on the trend towards more sustainable packaging — a new startup called \u003ca href=\"https://www.wastedive.com/news/terracycle-promises-future-of-consumption-with-loop-reuse-system/546596/\">Loop\u003c/a> plans to offer name brand products in specially designed refillable packaging. Häagen-Dazs, Pantene and Clorox are among the companies that have signed up to partner with Loop, which is offering to let you \u003ca href=\"https://loopstore.com/\">reserve a spot\u003c/a> “in line” before the company has even launched.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In Europe, you can try \u003ca href=\"https://www.washingtonpost.com/technology/2019/04/29/london-marathons-method-reducing-plastic-bottles-edible-seaweed-pouches/?noredirect=on&utm_term=.59db3c504e54\">water pouches made out of seaweed\u003c/a> and soon \u003ca href=\"https://www.independent.co.uk/life-style/body-shop-plastic-pollution-recycling-waste-india-a8907811.html?utm_source=Sailthru&utm_medium=email&utm_campaign=Issue:%202019-05-10%20Waste%20Dive%20Newsletter%20%5Bissue:20835%5D&utm_term=Waste%20Dive\">bring empty bottles back to the Body Shop\u003c/a> in exchange for store coupons. And in San Francisco, entertainment venues like The Midway and The Fillmore are offering concertgoers\u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/news/11745327/bay-area-entertainment-venues-join-the-battle-against-plastic-waste\"> alternatives to plastic-bottled water\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The language of SB 54 and AB 1080 are essentially the same and were written in tandem to ease their parallel passage through both houses of the state Legislature. The bills now head to the Senate and Assembly floors for consideration.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad floatright]\u003c/p>\n",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>A pair of ambitious bills currently making their way through the state legislature aim to stem the flood of plastic in stores, landfills and increasingly in the environment by placing aggressive new regulations on how plastics are manufactured and recycled in California.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"http://leginfo.legislature.ca.gov/faces/billTextClient.xhtml?bill_id=201920200SB54\">Senate Bill 54\u003c/a> and its companion \u003ca href=\"http://leginfo.legislature.ca.gov/faces/billTextClient.xhtml?bill_id=201920200AB1080\">Assembly Bill 1080\u003c/a> would require that manufacturers and retailers slash the amount of waste generated by single-use packaging and products by 75% over the next decade — and to do it by making their products recyclable or compostable, or to simply not make them in the first place.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The bills target items that are typically used only once before being thrown away, like plastic forks, takeout food containers, or the packaging for everyday items like toothbrushes or toys. A lot of it can’t be recycled because of the type of plastic it’s made from or because it contains mixed materials.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>State Assemblywoman Lorena Gonzalez, who co-authored AB 1080, tweeted Thursday, “Plastic #pollution is a global crisis and #CAMustLead the nation in fighting against it,” after her bill passed the Assembly Appropriations Committee. SB 54 passed the Appropriations Committee on the Senate side, also on Thursday.\u003c/p>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\n\u003cp>An estimated 2.37 million tons of plastic material ended up in California landfills in 2017, according to the state agency CalRecycle. And the list of plastics in the dump is long and varied — cups and lids, trays for cookies or raw meat, bags for potato chips or bread, pouches for baby food or refillable soap, just to name a few.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Our mission is to send almost nothing to landfill,” said Eric Potashner, Vice President of San Francisco’s waste management company, Recology, which is backing the legislation and gave input on its drafting.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>After achieving a 75% reduction in single-use plastic waste by 2030, the legislation would ramp up the goal even further: after 2030, all these types of products would need to be recyclable or compostable.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The goals set forth in the bills are aggressive, and they would place more responsibility on the plastics industry to help account for the total lifecycle of their products. A separate bill written by state Assemblyman Phil Ting would \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/news/11739302/a-future-with-100-recycled-beverage-bottles-a-new-state-bill-would-require-it\">require that beverage bottle manufacturers buy back recycled plastic\u003c/a> and use them in new bottles.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But being recyclable and actually getting recycled aren’t the same thing, so the bills have a provision for that, too: Manufacturers would need to show that their goods are getting recycled at a rate that starts at 20% in 2022 and gradually increases to 75% in 2030.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Those are also ambitious goals. Californians have embraced the recycling of beverage containers, thanks to the state’s \u003ca href=\"https://www.calrecycle.ca.gov/bevcontainer\">CRV program\u003c/a>, which offers cash incentives to return bottles and cans. An encouraging 88% of aluminum cans and around 70% of #1 and #2 plastic bottles (overall what most water and soda comes packaged in) are being recycled, according to the \u003ca href=\"https://www.calrecycle.ca.gov/docs/cr/bevcontainer/rates/biannualrpt/janjunerpt.pdf\">state’s most recent report\u003c/a>. But the rates plummet for all other types of plastic: only 8% of #5 plastic, commonly used in yogurt containers, for example, makes its way back to recyclers.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Then there’s the question of whether there’s even a market for many types of recycled plastics. For anything besides #1 and #2 plastics, the answer is “not really,” according to Martin Bourque, executive director of Berkeley’s Ecology Center, which started the nation’s first curbside recycling program.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“For years, it was — collect all plastics in a really big blue bin and hope that somewhere in the land of rainbows and unicorns it’s all being sorted,” Bourque said. “The reality is much grittier.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Representatives of the plastics industry agree there are challenges in getting more plastics recycled.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“One of the reasons why the recycling rate [of plastic] is lower is because there's not an end market to actually send a lot of the materials to,” said Shannon Crawford, Director of State Government Affairs for the Plastics Industry Association, which has registered its opposition to both bills. “There needs to be an increased investment in infrastructure in the state and increased investment in market development.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>While the bill could encourage the development of a more robust market for recycled plastic, the details of implementing the bill would fall to CalRecycle, officially known as the Department of Resources Recycling and Recovery.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>That lack of clarity is one reason why the American Chemistry Council is opposed to the bill.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“We are not objecting to what they're trying to do in terms of getting more material out of landfill and into recycling and composting streams,” said Tim Shestek, senior director of state affairs for the Council. “We're opposed to the bill just because of so many open-ended, unanswered questions that are out there right now.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Shestek pointed at a number of plastic products that would be hard to replace, including medical equipment, diapers, feminine hygiene products, and even ball point pens. He said that food safety was also a concern, if the right type of plastic can’t be used to package certain foods.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The American Chemistry Council hopes to work with legislators to refine the bill. “We're hoping to sit down between now and the end of the year to try to work something out that makes sense for recycling, for composting, for the environment, for manufacturers,” Shestek said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11747814\" class=\"wp-caption alignnone\" style=\"max-width: 800px\">\u003cimg class=\"size-medium wp-image-11747814\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2019/05/HDPE_crop-800x626.jpg\" alt=\"Bales of #2 plastic, also known as High-density polyethylene or HDPE are generally seen used in laundry detergent bottles and milk jugs\" width=\"800\" height=\"626\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2019/05/HDPE_crop-800x626.jpg 800w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2019/05/HDPE_crop-160x125.jpg 160w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2019/05/HDPE_crop-1020x798.jpg 1020w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2019/05/HDPE_crop-1200x939.jpg 1200w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2019/05/HDPE_crop-1920x1502.jpg 1920w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2019/05/HDPE_crop.jpg 2048w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Bales of #2 plastic, also known as high-density polyethylene or HDPE are generally seen used in laundry detergent bottles and milk jugs \u003ccite>(Recology)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Still, the time may be right in the court of public opinion. Support for reducing plastic waste is building, fueled by stark images of \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/science/1939310/nothing-but-nonstop-plastic-found-in-stomach-of-dead-whale\">whales with bellies filled with plastic\u003c/a> and mountains of plastic trash polluting poor communities in Asia.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Some enterprising companies are trying to cash in on the trend towards more sustainable packaging — a new startup called \u003ca href=\"https://www.wastedive.com/news/terracycle-promises-future-of-consumption-with-loop-reuse-system/546596/\">Loop\u003c/a> plans to offer name brand products in specially designed refillable packaging. Häagen-Dazs, Pantene and Clorox are among the companies that have signed up to partner with Loop, which is offering to let you \u003ca href=\"https://loopstore.com/\">reserve a spot\u003c/a> “in line” before the company has even launched.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In Europe, you can try \u003ca href=\"https://www.washingtonpost.com/technology/2019/04/29/london-marathons-method-reducing-plastic-bottles-edible-seaweed-pouches/?noredirect=on&utm_term=.59db3c504e54\">water pouches made out of seaweed\u003c/a> and soon \u003ca href=\"https://www.independent.co.uk/life-style/body-shop-plastic-pollution-recycling-waste-india-a8907811.html?utm_source=Sailthru&utm_medium=email&utm_campaign=Issue:%202019-05-10%20Waste%20Dive%20Newsletter%20%5Bissue:20835%5D&utm_term=Waste%20Dive\">bring empty bottles back to the Body Shop\u003c/a> in exchange for store coupons. And in San Francisco, entertainment venues like The Midway and The Fillmore are offering concertgoers\u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/news/11745327/bay-area-entertainment-venues-join-the-battle-against-plastic-waste\"> alternatives to plastic-bottled water\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The language of SB 54 and AB 1080 are essentially the same and were written in tandem to ease their parallel passage through both houses of the state Legislature. The bills now head to the Senate and Assembly floors for consideration.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cp>Cal Fire’s official investigation found that last November’s Camp Fire — the deadliest and most destructive in California history — was in fact \u003ca href=\"http://bit.ly/fiorepgecampfire\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">started by PG&E power lines\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The wildfire burned into the communities of Paradise, Concow and Magalia, destroying nearly 14,000 homes and killing 85 people.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>PG&E reported last December that there were signs of electrical arcing and damaged equipment on a steel transmission tower near where the fire originated.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Previous Cal Fire investigations have determined that \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/news/11673398/cal-fire-release-cause-of-a-dozen-more-october-fires-nearly-all-connected-to-pge\" rel=\"noopener\" target=\"_blank\">PG&E equipment was responsible\u003c/a> for 18 of the wildfires that swept the North Bay in 2017.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>Cal Fire’s official investigation found that last November’s Camp Fire — the deadliest and most destructive in California history — was in fact \u003ca href=\"http://bit.ly/fiorepgecampfire\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">started by PG&E power lines\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The wildfire burned into the communities of Paradise, Concow and Magalia, destroying nearly 14,000 homes and killing 85 people.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>PG&E reported last December that there were signs of electrical arcing and damaged equipment on a steel transmission tower near where the fire originated.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Previous Cal Fire investigations have determined that \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/news/11673398/cal-fire-release-cause-of-a-dozen-more-october-fires-nearly-all-connected-to-pge\" rel=\"noopener\" target=\"_blank\">PG&E equipment was responsible\u003c/a> for 18 of the wildfires that swept the North Bay in 2017.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003ch2>\u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/news/11747485/cal-fires-official-finding-pge-equipment-touched-off-camp-fire\">Cal Fire Report: PG&E Power Lines Started Camp Fire\u003c/a>\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>Reckless arson and involuntary manslaughter are among the charges that the top prosecutor in Butte County may soon level against California's largest utility, PG&E. District Attorney Mike Ramsey received a report from Cal Fire investigators Wednesday confirming what PG&E has already all but acknowledged: that its equipment caused the deadliest and most destructive fire in state history, the Camp Fire.\u003cbr>\n\u003cem>Guest: Dan Brekke\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\u003ch2>Camp Fire Victims Attorney Says New Report is Helpful\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>The news that state investigators have officially found PG&E responsible for sparking the Camp Fire won't change much legally for survivors of the blaze. But one victim's attorney says the announcement does provide some clarity for her clients and the public.\u003cbr>\n\u003cem>Reporter: Marisa Lagos\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\u003ch2>\u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/news/11747733/tensions-high-at-californias-community-colleges\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Tensions High at California's Community Colleges\u003c/a>\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>The California Community College Faculty Association took a unanimous vote of no confidence in the statewide chancellor and his administration. It’s the first time they’ve taken the step in 20 years.\u003cbr>\n\u003cem>Reporter: Vanessa Rancano\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\u003ch2>Sacramento Legislators to Clear its 'Suspense Files' Today\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>It’s make-it-or-break-it day for hundreds of bills that would cost the state money. Both the Senate and Assembly appropriations committees will decide on legislation parked in what’s called “the suspense file.”\u003cbr>\n\u003cem>Reporter: Katie Orr\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003ch2>\u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/news/11747485/cal-fires-official-finding-pge-equipment-touched-off-camp-fire\">Cal Fire Report: PG&E Power Lines Started Camp Fire\u003c/a>\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>Reckless arson and involuntary manslaughter are among the charges that the top prosecutor in Butte County may soon level against California's largest utility, PG&E. District Attorney Mike Ramsey received a report from Cal Fire investigators Wednesday confirming what PG&E has already all but acknowledged: that its equipment caused the deadliest and most destructive fire in state history, the Camp Fire.\u003cbr>\n\u003cem>Guest: Dan Brekke\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\u003ch2>Camp Fire Victims Attorney Says New Report is Helpful\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>The news that state investigators have officially found PG&E responsible for sparking the Camp Fire won't change much legally for survivors of the blaze. But one victim's attorney says the announcement does provide some clarity for her clients and the public.\u003cbr>\n\u003cem>Reporter: Marisa Lagos\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\u003ch2>\u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/news/11747733/tensions-high-at-californias-community-colleges\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Tensions High at California's Community Colleges\u003c/a>\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>The California Community College Faculty Association took a unanimous vote of no confidence in the statewide chancellor and his administration. It’s the first time they’ve taken the step in 20 years.\u003cbr>\n\u003cem>Reporter: Vanessa Rancano\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\u003ch2>Sacramento Legislators to Clear its 'Suspense Files' Today\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>It’s make-it-or-break-it day for hundreds of bills that would cost the state money. Both the Senate and Assembly appropriations committees will decide on legislation parked in what’s called “the suspense file.”\u003cbr>\n\u003cem>Reporter: Katie Orr\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"disqusTitle": "Valero Says It Faces $342,000 in Penalties Over Benicia Refinery Pollution Incident",
"title": "Valero Says It Faces $342,000 in Penalties Over Benicia Refinery Pollution Incident",
"headTitle": "The California Report | KQED News",
"content": "\u003cp>Valero says it's facing $342,000 or more in fines from county and regional agencies after a major air pollution incident earlier this year at its Benicia refinery.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In a \u003ca href=\"http://www.investorvalero.com/static-files/9441629f-ad5a-4573-b98f-1953160586a8\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">filing\u003c/a> last week with the federal Securities and Exchange Commission, the company says it expects to face $242,840 in proposed penalties from the Solano County Department of Resource Management and at least another $100,000 in fines to settle a dozen notices of violation from the Bay Area Air Quality Management District.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[pullquote size=\"medium\" align=”right” citation=\"Hollin Kretzmann, Oakland-based lawyer for the Center for Biological Diversity\"]'These fines don't mean much to a giant oil company worth tens of billions of dollars.'[/pullquote]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The reported penalty amount is about 1/100th of 1% of the San Antonio, Texas-based company's reported adjusted net profit for 2018 — $3.2 billion.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"While it is not possible to predict the outcome of the following environmental proceedings, if any one or more of them were decided against us, we believe that there would be no material effect on our financial position, results of operators, or liquidity,\" the company said in its filing.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The SEC document also reported a \u003ca href=\"https://www.caller.com/story/news/local/2019/05/14/valero-says-could-facing-1-3-m-fine-texas-attorney-general/1192540001/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">much larger penalty\u003c/a>, $1.3 million, that Valero believes it faces in connection with an incident in the Texas city of Corpus Christi, where contaminated backflow from a company asphalt plant contaminated the area's water supply for several days.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Benicia's mayor and a local environmentalist who has followed the Benicia refinery's \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/news/11737076/valeros-pollution-release-exposes-weaknesses-in-benicias-air-monitoring-system\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">recent problems\u003c/a> said the penalties barely amount to a drop in the bucket.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"The fines are the cost of doing business,\" said Mayor Elizabeth Patterson, who says Valero should reimburse the city for the money it spent on handling the refinery accident.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"These fines don't mean much to a giant oil company worth tens of billions of dollars,\" said Hollin Kretzmann, an Oakland-based lawyer for the Center for Biological Diversity.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[aside label=\"Valero Refinery Coverage\" tag=\"valero\"]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"It's likely only a matter of time before we see another incident, so the communities near these dangerous refineries deserve better protection from toxic air pollution,\" Kretzmann said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Lillian Riojas, a Valero spokeswoman, said the company would not comment beyond its public filing.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Ralph Borrmann, a spokesman for the BAAQMD, emphasized that the Valero fines were not settled yet.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The district tends to spend several years negotiating settlements with local refineries, bringing together a handful of violations into a package long after they are the subject of media coverage.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>For instance, the district announced in March that \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/news/11732859/shell-martinez-refinery-fine-for-2016-air-pollution-incident\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Shell\u003c/a> had agreed to pay $165,000 to settle violations at its Martinez refinery that took place in 2015 and 2016.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The agency's violations associated with a larger problem at Valero, the full facility power outage in May 2017 that caused a more significant pollution release, have been not been resolved yet, according to Borrmann.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Solano County's investigation into Valero's most recent incident is ongoing, according to Terry Schmidtbauer, the county's assistant director or resource management, who emphasized that the agency has yet to produce or negotiate any final violations in connection with Valero's March releases.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But Schmidtbauer said it was typical for his department to discuss tentative findings and potential penalties with companies it's investigating, talks he said would be preliminary.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/news/11735870/two-parts-of-valeros-benicia-refinery-under-scrutiny-in-probe-of-pollution-releases\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Two refinery components\u003c/a> — a processing unit called a fluid coker, which heats up and \"cracks\" the thickest and heaviest components of crude oil, and a flue gas scrubber, which is supposed to remove fine particles before they're released from the facility's smokestacks — are under scrutiny in Solano County's probe.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>They began malfunctioning on March 11, resulting in the release of sooty smoke from the refinery. The releases intensified two weeks later when the facility belched out a large amount of black soot, leading to elevated levels of particulate matter.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The smoke prompted county officials to issue a health advisory for those with respiratory problems. Refinery managers shut down the facility.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Valero's SEC filing came as the Benicia refinery \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/news/11745576/valero-restarts-benicia-refinery-helping-to-slow-statewide-gas-price-hike\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">began a gradual process of restarting\u003c/a> after being offline for more than 40 days.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The resumption of operations at the facility coincided with a slow and very small drop in gas prices, after two months of increases. On March 24, the day Valero shutdown, the average cost of a gallon of unleaded gasoline in California was $3.49, according to AAA.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>On May 7, as the Benicia refinery gradually got back online, the the average price was $4.10. On Tuesday, it had dipped slightly to $4.07.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Energy experts have said Valero's shutdown, coupled with other refinery problems in California and the high cost of crude oil globally, led to the state's recent gas price hikes, which are currently the subject of a state Energy Commission investigation.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>Valero says it's facing $342,000 or more in fines from county and regional agencies after a major air pollution incident earlier this year at its Benicia refinery.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In a \u003ca href=\"http://www.investorvalero.com/static-files/9441629f-ad5a-4573-b98f-1953160586a8\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">filing\u003c/a> last week with the federal Securities and Exchange Commission, the company says it expects to face $242,840 in proposed penalties from the Solano County Department of Resource Management and at least another $100,000 in fines to settle a dozen notices of violation from the Bay Area Air Quality Management District.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "'These fines don't mean much to a giant oil company worth tens of billions of dollars.'",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The reported penalty amount is about 1/100th of 1% of the San Antonio, Texas-based company's reported adjusted net profit for 2018 — $3.2 billion.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"While it is not possible to predict the outcome of the following environmental proceedings, if any one or more of them were decided against us, we believe that there would be no material effect on our financial position, results of operators, or liquidity,\" the company said in its filing.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The SEC document also reported a \u003ca href=\"https://www.caller.com/story/news/local/2019/05/14/valero-says-could-facing-1-3-m-fine-texas-attorney-general/1192540001/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">much larger penalty\u003c/a>, $1.3 million, that Valero believes it faces in connection with an incident in the Texas city of Corpus Christi, where contaminated backflow from a company asphalt plant contaminated the area's water supply for several days.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Benicia's mayor and a local environmentalist who has followed the Benicia refinery's \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/news/11737076/valeros-pollution-release-exposes-weaknesses-in-benicias-air-monitoring-system\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">recent problems\u003c/a> said the penalties barely amount to a drop in the bucket.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"The fines are the cost of doing business,\" said Mayor Elizabeth Patterson, who says Valero should reimburse the city for the money it spent on handling the refinery accident.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"These fines don't mean much to a giant oil company worth tens of billions of dollars,\" said Hollin Kretzmann, an Oakland-based lawyer for the Center for Biological Diversity.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"It's likely only a matter of time before we see another incident, so the communities near these dangerous refineries deserve better protection from toxic air pollution,\" Kretzmann said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Lillian Riojas, a Valero spokeswoman, said the company would not comment beyond its public filing.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Ralph Borrmann, a spokesman for the BAAQMD, emphasized that the Valero fines were not settled yet.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The district tends to spend several years negotiating settlements with local refineries, bringing together a handful of violations into a package long after they are the subject of media coverage.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>For instance, the district announced in March that \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/news/11732859/shell-martinez-refinery-fine-for-2016-air-pollution-incident\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Shell\u003c/a> had agreed to pay $165,000 to settle violations at its Martinez refinery that took place in 2015 and 2016.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The agency's violations associated with a larger problem at Valero, the full facility power outage in May 2017 that caused a more significant pollution release, have been not been resolved yet, according to Borrmann.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Solano County's investigation into Valero's most recent incident is ongoing, according to Terry Schmidtbauer, the county's assistant director or resource management, who emphasized that the agency has yet to produce or negotiate any final violations in connection with Valero's March releases.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But Schmidtbauer said it was typical for his department to discuss tentative findings and potential penalties with companies it's investigating, talks he said would be preliminary.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/news/11735870/two-parts-of-valeros-benicia-refinery-under-scrutiny-in-probe-of-pollution-releases\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Two refinery components\u003c/a> — a processing unit called a fluid coker, which heats up and \"cracks\" the thickest and heaviest components of crude oil, and a flue gas scrubber, which is supposed to remove fine particles before they're released from the facility's smokestacks — are under scrutiny in Solano County's probe.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>They began malfunctioning on March 11, resulting in the release of sooty smoke from the refinery. The releases intensified two weeks later when the facility belched out a large amount of black soot, leading to elevated levels of particulate matter.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The smoke prompted county officials to issue a health advisory for those with respiratory problems. Refinery managers shut down the facility.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Valero's SEC filing came as the Benicia refinery \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/news/11745576/valero-restarts-benicia-refinery-helping-to-slow-statewide-gas-price-hike\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">began a gradual process of restarting\u003c/a> after being offline for more than 40 days.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The resumption of operations at the facility coincided with a slow and very small drop in gas prices, after two months of increases. On March 24, the day Valero shutdown, the average cost of a gallon of unleaded gasoline in California was $3.49, according to AAA.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>On May 7, as the Benicia refinery gradually got back online, the the average price was $4.10. On Tuesday, it had dipped slightly to $4.07.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Energy experts have said Valero's shutdown, coupled with other refinery problems in California and the high cost of crude oil globally, led to the state's recent gas price hikes, which are currently the subject of a state Energy Commission investigation.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>",
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"content": "\u003cp>A Livermore couple was \u003ca href=\"http://bit.ly/fioreroundup\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">awarded more than $2 billion in damages\u003c/a> by a jury in Oakland after they claimed Monsanto's Roundup weedkiller caused their non-Hodgkin lymphoma.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Bayer — which bought Monsanto last year for $63 billion — said in a statement it was \"disappointed with the jury's decision.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>This is just the latest in a handful of high-dollar damage awards for people with cancer that juries have connected to Roundup.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Thousands of other Roundup lawsuits are on the way.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n",
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"content": "\u003cp>Attending a live music event is thirsty work. Audiences drink a lot of water, leaving thousands of empty disposable plastic water bottles behind at the end of the night.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>After years of shipping the mounting piles of bottles to recycling plants, some entertainment industry players, like \u003ca href=\"https://themidwaysf.com/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">The Midway\u003c/a>, a music venue and gallery space in San Francisco, are starting to take a different approach to dealing with plastic waste: It allows people to bring in and refill their own water bottles. And in January, it switched from selling water in single-use plastic bottles at $4 each to resealable aluminum bottles at $6.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The move comes as the California Legislature is considering two bills aimed at drastically reducing plastic waste: \u003ca href=\"http://leginfo.legislature.ca.gov/faces/billTextClient.xhtml?bill_id=201920200SB54\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Senate Bill 54\u003c/a> and \u003ca href=\"http://leginfo.legislature.ca.gov/faces/billNavClient.xhtml?bill_id=201920200AB1080\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Assembly Bill 1080\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11745394\" class=\"wp-caption alignright\" style=\"max-width: 800px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-medium wp-image-11745394\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2019/05/Kelsey-Issel-800x600.jpg\" alt=\"Kelsey Issel, art director at The Midway and its parent company, Non Plus Ultra\" width=\"800\" height=\"600\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2019/05/Kelsey-Issel-800x600.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2019/05/Kelsey-Issel-160x120.jpg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2019/05/Kelsey-Issel-1020x765.jpg 1020w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2019/05/Kelsey-Issel-1200x900.jpg 1200w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2019/05/Kelsey-Issel-1920x1440.jpg 1920w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2019/05/Kelsey-Issel-1832x1374.jpg 1832w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2019/05/Kelsey-Issel-1376x1032.jpg 1376w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2019/05/Kelsey-Issel-1044x783.jpg 1044w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2019/05/Kelsey-Issel-632x474.jpg 632w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2019/05/Kelsey-Issel-536x402.jpg 536w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2019/05/Kelsey-Issel.jpg 2048w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Kelsey Issel, art director at The Midway and its parent company, Non Plus Ultra \u003ccite>(Chloe Veltman/KQED)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>“We started to look at the numbers, and they were staggering,” said Kelsey Issel, art program director of The Midway and its parent company, \u003ca href=\"https://nonplusultrainc.com/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Non Plus Ultra\u003c/a>. “Around 25,000 water bottles just on New Year’s Eve alone.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Since ditching plastic, The Midway has cut its water bottle consumption by two-thirds, Issel said. She said plans are afoot to extend the plastic water sales ban to other Non Plus Ultra venues in San Francisco, such as \u003ca href=\"https://thesanfranciscomint.com/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">the San Francisco Mint\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“We’re really noticing the dramatic reduction in waste,” Issel said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11745390\" class=\"wp-caption alignright\" style=\"max-width: 800px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-medium wp-image-11745390\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2019/05/Recology-2-800x600.jpg\" alt=\"A wall of plastic products waiting to be shipped off at the Recology recycling plant on Pier 96 in San Francisco.\" width=\"800\" height=\"600\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2019/05/Recology-2-800x600.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2019/05/Recology-2-160x120.jpg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2019/05/Recology-2-1020x765.jpg 1020w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2019/05/Recology-2-1200x900.jpg 1200w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2019/05/Recology-2-1920x1440.jpg 1920w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2019/05/Recology-2-1832x1374.jpg 1832w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2019/05/Recology-2-1376x1032.jpg 1376w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2019/05/Recology-2-1044x783.jpg 1044w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2019/05/Recology-2-632x474.jpg 632w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2019/05/Recology-2-536x402.jpg 536w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2019/05/Recology-2.jpg 2048w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">A wall of plastic products waiting to be shipped off at the Recology recycling plant on Pier 96 in San Francisco. \u003ccite>(Chloe Veltman/KQED)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>People use 500 billion plastic bottles a year, according to a 2017 packaging trends report by market research firm \u003ca href=\"https://go.euromonitor.com/00-EV-APAC2017-AUSPACK_Landing-Page.html\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Euromonitor International\u003c/a>. Along with plastic straws, clamshells and bags, they’re a huge environmental hazard. \u003ca href=\"https://edition.cnn.com/2019/04/01/europe/sperm-whale-plastic-stomach-italy-scli-intl/index.html\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Stories of sea life washing up on beaches\u003c/a> around the world with plastics in their stomachs are becoming more commonplace.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>And the recycling market for this material isn’t what it once was, now that China, which used to recycle about half of the world’s plastic, has slashed imports.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“When China said no more, it left countries and cities scrambling to figure out what they’re going to do with all their plastics,” said Robert Reed, spokesman for \u003ca href=\"https://www.recology.com/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Recology\u003c/a>, San Francisco’s recycling company.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Along with many forms of plastic, Recology also processes aluminum cans, which are easier to recycle than other beverage containers, Reed said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11745389\" class=\"wp-caption alignright\" style=\"max-width: 800px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-medium wp-image-11745389\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2019/05/Recology-3-Robert-Reed-800x600.jpg\" alt=\"Recology spokesman Robert Reed poses at the Recology plant on Pier 96 in San Francisco. \" width=\"800\" height=\"600\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2019/05/Recology-3-Robert-Reed-800x600.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2019/05/Recology-3-Robert-Reed-160x120.jpg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2019/05/Recology-3-Robert-Reed-1020x765.jpg 1020w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2019/05/Recology-3-Robert-Reed-1200x900.jpg 1200w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2019/05/Recology-3-Robert-Reed-1920x1440.jpg 1920w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2019/05/Recology-3-Robert-Reed-1832x1374.jpg 1832w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2019/05/Recology-3-Robert-Reed-1376x1032.jpg 1376w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2019/05/Recology-3-Robert-Reed-1044x783.jpg 1044w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2019/05/Recology-3-Robert-Reed-632x474.jpg 632w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2019/05/Recology-3-Robert-Reed-536x402.jpg 536w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2019/05/Recology-3-Robert-Reed.jpg 2048w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Recology spokesman Robert Reed poses at the Recology plant on Pier 96 in San Francisco. \u003ccite>(Chloe Veltman/KQED)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>“There’s a worldwide market for aluminum cans,” Reed said. “Very limited markets for the plastic.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"http://thefillmore.com/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">The Fillmore\u003c/a>, another music venue in San Francisco, switched from plastic bottles to aluminum cans in early May. General manager Amie Bailey-Knobler is happy about the company’s change, part of a larger environmental effort by its parent company, \u003ca href=\"https://www.livenation.com/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Live Nation.\u003c/a>\u003cb>\u003c/b>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The Fillmore is part of the \u003ca href=\"https://greenbusinessca.org/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">California Green Business Network, too\u003c/a>. Like The Midway, it allows patrons to bring in their own water bottles. The venue also provides filling stations and compostable cups for those who don’t have their own bottles or want to buy a can of water at the bar.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But Bailey-Knobler said hard metal surfaces can be a safety hazard at some events.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Bands don’t want canteens (metal water containers) or stuff like that in a crowd if there’s a mosh pit kind of situation or something,” Bailey-Knobler said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Another issue is cost: Cans are more than four times the price of plastic bottles, Bailey-Knobler said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The Fillmore, which is owned by a large entertainment corporation, said it can absorb the cost, but it’s harder for a small local player like The Midway.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11745396\" class=\"wp-caption alignright\" style=\"max-width: 800px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-medium wp-image-11745396\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2019/05/Fillmore-compostable-cups-800x600.jpg\" alt=\"Compostable cups at The Fillmore in San Francisco.\" width=\"800\" height=\"600\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2019/05/Fillmore-compostable-cups-800x600.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2019/05/Fillmore-compostable-cups-160x120.jpg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2019/05/Fillmore-compostable-cups-1020x765.jpg 1020w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2019/05/Fillmore-compostable-cups-1200x900.jpg 1200w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2019/05/Fillmore-compostable-cups-1920x1440.jpg 1920w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2019/05/Fillmore-compostable-cups-1832x1374.jpg 1832w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2019/05/Fillmore-compostable-cups-1376x1032.jpg 1376w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2019/05/Fillmore-compostable-cups-1044x783.jpg 1044w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2019/05/Fillmore-compostable-cups-632x474.jpg 632w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2019/05/Fillmore-compostable-cups-536x402.jpg 536w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2019/05/Fillmore-compostable-cups.jpg 2016w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Compostable cups at The Fillmore in San Francisco. \u003ccite>(Courtesy of The Fillmore)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>“It’s a significant loss,” Issel said of her company’s switch to aluminum containers.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But Non Plus Ultra is willing to take the hit because of its commitment to reducing waste, said Issel. She hopes profit margins will improve as more eco-friendly manufacturers enter the market to meet consumer demand.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“\u003cb>\u003c/b>So we imagine that not only will the price go down, but it will also be easier for us to get,” Issel said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Scott DeFife, vice president of government affairs for the \u003ca href=\"https://www.plasticsindustry.org/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Plastics Industry Association,\u003c/a> said his organization applauds these efforts to reduce unnecessary waste. The association also supported San Francisco’s \u003ca href=\"https://sfenvironment.org/reduceplastic\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">plastic straw restrictions\u003c/a> that go into effect July 1.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“We don’t want to see this in the environment anymore than anyone else,” said DeFife.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>And, he said, more efficient systems are needed to process the debris that concertgoers leave behind.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“If you’re going to have that many people using disposable packaging, you’re going to need additional waste management infrastructure to capture all of the material,” DeFife said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>At the cavernous Recology recycling plant on San Francisco’s waterfront, Robert Reed watched as a hailstorm of plastic bottles pelted down from the rafters into a giant metal cage below.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“There’s just dozens of them falling down every few seconds,” Reed said. “It gives you a sense of how fast they get consumed in San Francisco.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Reed said recycling and composting continue to be important in the fight against the ever-growing piles of trash. But what’s even more important right now is reducing the overall waste footprint.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Do simple things so we don’t make so much garbage,” he said. “Like buying produce loose at the farmers market instead of wrapped in Saran wrap at the store. And bringing your own bottle the next time you go hear live music.”\u003c/p>\n\n",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>Attending a live music event is thirsty work. Audiences drink a lot of water, leaving thousands of empty disposable plastic water bottles behind at the end of the night.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>After years of shipping the mounting piles of bottles to recycling plants, some entertainment industry players, like \u003ca href=\"https://themidwaysf.com/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">The Midway\u003c/a>, a music venue and gallery space in San Francisco, are starting to take a different approach to dealing with plastic waste: It allows people to bring in and refill their own water bottles. And in January, it switched from selling water in single-use plastic bottles at $4 each to resealable aluminum bottles at $6.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The move comes as the California Legislature is considering two bills aimed at drastically reducing plastic waste: \u003ca href=\"http://leginfo.legislature.ca.gov/faces/billTextClient.xhtml?bill_id=201920200SB54\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Senate Bill 54\u003c/a> and \u003ca href=\"http://leginfo.legislature.ca.gov/faces/billNavClient.xhtml?bill_id=201920200AB1080\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Assembly Bill 1080\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11745394\" class=\"wp-caption alignright\" style=\"max-width: 800px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-medium wp-image-11745394\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2019/05/Kelsey-Issel-800x600.jpg\" alt=\"Kelsey Issel, art director at The Midway and its parent company, Non Plus Ultra\" width=\"800\" height=\"600\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2019/05/Kelsey-Issel-800x600.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2019/05/Kelsey-Issel-160x120.jpg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2019/05/Kelsey-Issel-1020x765.jpg 1020w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2019/05/Kelsey-Issel-1200x900.jpg 1200w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2019/05/Kelsey-Issel-1920x1440.jpg 1920w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2019/05/Kelsey-Issel-1832x1374.jpg 1832w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2019/05/Kelsey-Issel-1376x1032.jpg 1376w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2019/05/Kelsey-Issel-1044x783.jpg 1044w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2019/05/Kelsey-Issel-632x474.jpg 632w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2019/05/Kelsey-Issel-536x402.jpg 536w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2019/05/Kelsey-Issel.jpg 2048w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Kelsey Issel, art director at The Midway and its parent company, Non Plus Ultra \u003ccite>(Chloe Veltman/KQED)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>“We started to look at the numbers, and they were staggering,” said Kelsey Issel, art program director of The Midway and its parent company, \u003ca href=\"https://nonplusultrainc.com/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Non Plus Ultra\u003c/a>. “Around 25,000 water bottles just on New Year’s Eve alone.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Since ditching plastic, The Midway has cut its water bottle consumption by two-thirds, Issel said. She said plans are afoot to extend the plastic water sales ban to other Non Plus Ultra venues in San Francisco, such as \u003ca href=\"https://thesanfranciscomint.com/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">the San Francisco Mint\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“We’re really noticing the dramatic reduction in waste,” Issel said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11745390\" class=\"wp-caption alignright\" style=\"max-width: 800px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-medium wp-image-11745390\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2019/05/Recology-2-800x600.jpg\" alt=\"A wall of plastic products waiting to be shipped off at the Recology recycling plant on Pier 96 in San Francisco.\" width=\"800\" height=\"600\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2019/05/Recology-2-800x600.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2019/05/Recology-2-160x120.jpg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2019/05/Recology-2-1020x765.jpg 1020w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2019/05/Recology-2-1200x900.jpg 1200w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2019/05/Recology-2-1920x1440.jpg 1920w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2019/05/Recology-2-1832x1374.jpg 1832w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2019/05/Recology-2-1376x1032.jpg 1376w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2019/05/Recology-2-1044x783.jpg 1044w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2019/05/Recology-2-632x474.jpg 632w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2019/05/Recology-2-536x402.jpg 536w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2019/05/Recology-2.jpg 2048w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">A wall of plastic products waiting to be shipped off at the Recology recycling plant on Pier 96 in San Francisco. \u003ccite>(Chloe Veltman/KQED)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>People use 500 billion plastic bottles a year, according to a 2017 packaging trends report by market research firm \u003ca href=\"https://go.euromonitor.com/00-EV-APAC2017-AUSPACK_Landing-Page.html\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Euromonitor International\u003c/a>. Along with plastic straws, clamshells and bags, they’re a huge environmental hazard. \u003ca href=\"https://edition.cnn.com/2019/04/01/europe/sperm-whale-plastic-stomach-italy-scli-intl/index.html\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Stories of sea life washing up on beaches\u003c/a> around the world with plastics in their stomachs are becoming more commonplace.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>And the recycling market for this material isn’t what it once was, now that China, which used to recycle about half of the world’s plastic, has slashed imports.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“When China said no more, it left countries and cities scrambling to figure out what they’re going to do with all their plastics,” said Robert Reed, spokesman for \u003ca href=\"https://www.recology.com/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Recology\u003c/a>, San Francisco’s recycling company.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Along with many forms of plastic, Recology also processes aluminum cans, which are easier to recycle than other beverage containers, Reed said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11745389\" class=\"wp-caption alignright\" style=\"max-width: 800px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-medium wp-image-11745389\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2019/05/Recology-3-Robert-Reed-800x600.jpg\" alt=\"Recology spokesman Robert Reed poses at the Recology plant on Pier 96 in San Francisco. \" width=\"800\" height=\"600\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2019/05/Recology-3-Robert-Reed-800x600.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2019/05/Recology-3-Robert-Reed-160x120.jpg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2019/05/Recology-3-Robert-Reed-1020x765.jpg 1020w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2019/05/Recology-3-Robert-Reed-1200x900.jpg 1200w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2019/05/Recology-3-Robert-Reed-1920x1440.jpg 1920w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2019/05/Recology-3-Robert-Reed-1832x1374.jpg 1832w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2019/05/Recology-3-Robert-Reed-1376x1032.jpg 1376w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2019/05/Recology-3-Robert-Reed-1044x783.jpg 1044w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2019/05/Recology-3-Robert-Reed-632x474.jpg 632w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2019/05/Recology-3-Robert-Reed-536x402.jpg 536w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2019/05/Recology-3-Robert-Reed.jpg 2048w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Recology spokesman Robert Reed poses at the Recology plant on Pier 96 in San Francisco. \u003ccite>(Chloe Veltman/KQED)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>“There’s a worldwide market for aluminum cans,” Reed said. “Very limited markets for the plastic.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"http://thefillmore.com/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">The Fillmore\u003c/a>, another music venue in San Francisco, switched from plastic bottles to aluminum cans in early May. General manager Amie Bailey-Knobler is happy about the company’s change, part of a larger environmental effort by its parent company, \u003ca href=\"https://www.livenation.com/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Live Nation.\u003c/a>\u003cb>\u003c/b>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The Fillmore is part of the \u003ca href=\"https://greenbusinessca.org/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">California Green Business Network, too\u003c/a>. Like The Midway, it allows patrons to bring in their own water bottles. The venue also provides filling stations and compostable cups for those who don’t have their own bottles or want to buy a can of water at the bar.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But Bailey-Knobler said hard metal surfaces can be a safety hazard at some events.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Bands don’t want canteens (metal water containers) or stuff like that in a crowd if there’s a mosh pit kind of situation or something,” Bailey-Knobler said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Another issue is cost: Cans are more than four times the price of plastic bottles, Bailey-Knobler said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The Fillmore, which is owned by a large entertainment corporation, said it can absorb the cost, but it’s harder for a small local player like The Midway.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11745396\" class=\"wp-caption alignright\" style=\"max-width: 800px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-medium wp-image-11745396\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2019/05/Fillmore-compostable-cups-800x600.jpg\" alt=\"Compostable cups at The Fillmore in San Francisco.\" width=\"800\" height=\"600\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2019/05/Fillmore-compostable-cups-800x600.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2019/05/Fillmore-compostable-cups-160x120.jpg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2019/05/Fillmore-compostable-cups-1020x765.jpg 1020w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2019/05/Fillmore-compostable-cups-1200x900.jpg 1200w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2019/05/Fillmore-compostable-cups-1920x1440.jpg 1920w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2019/05/Fillmore-compostable-cups-1832x1374.jpg 1832w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2019/05/Fillmore-compostable-cups-1376x1032.jpg 1376w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2019/05/Fillmore-compostable-cups-1044x783.jpg 1044w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2019/05/Fillmore-compostable-cups-632x474.jpg 632w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2019/05/Fillmore-compostable-cups-536x402.jpg 536w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2019/05/Fillmore-compostable-cups.jpg 2016w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Compostable cups at The Fillmore in San Francisco. \u003ccite>(Courtesy of The Fillmore)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>“It’s a significant loss,” Issel said of her company’s switch to aluminum containers.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But Non Plus Ultra is willing to take the hit because of its commitment to reducing waste, said Issel. She hopes profit margins will improve as more eco-friendly manufacturers enter the market to meet consumer demand.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“\u003cb>\u003c/b>So we imagine that not only will the price go down, but it will also be easier for us to get,” Issel said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Scott DeFife, vice president of government affairs for the \u003ca href=\"https://www.plasticsindustry.org/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Plastics Industry Association,\u003c/a> said his organization applauds these efforts to reduce unnecessary waste. The association also supported San Francisco’s \u003ca href=\"https://sfenvironment.org/reduceplastic\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">plastic straw restrictions\u003c/a> that go into effect July 1.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“We don’t want to see this in the environment anymore than anyone else,” said DeFife.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>And, he said, more efficient systems are needed to process the debris that concertgoers leave behind.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“If you’re going to have that many people using disposable packaging, you’re going to need additional waste management infrastructure to capture all of the material,” DeFife said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>At the cavernous Recology recycling plant on San Francisco’s waterfront, Robert Reed watched as a hailstorm of plastic bottles pelted down from the rafters into a giant metal cage below.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“There’s just dozens of them falling down every few seconds,” Reed said. “It gives you a sense of how fast they get consumed in San Francisco.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Reed said recycling and composting continue to be important in the fight against the ever-growing piles of trash. But what’s even more important right now is reducing the overall waste footprint.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Do simple things so we don’t make so much garbage,” he said. “Like buying produce loose at the farmers market instead of wrapped in Saran wrap at the store. And bringing your own bottle the next time you go hear live music.”\u003c/p>\n\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>",
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"title": "Could S.F. Deliver Your Power Instead of PG&E? City's Utility Commission Thinks So",
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"content": "\u003cp>San Francisco’s Public Utility Commission is recommending that the city consider publicly owning and running its own electric grid in \u003ca href=\"https://sfwater.org/modules/showdocument.aspx?documentid=13736\">a report\u003c/a> released Monday.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[aside hero=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2019/01/PGETrucksSF.jpg\" label=\"SF Weighs Public Power\" link1=\"https://www.kqed.org/news/11718123/s-f-considers-buying-some-of-pges-infrastructure-in-wake-of-bankruptcy-plans,S.F. Considers Buying Some of PG and E's Infrastructure in Wake of Bankruptcy Plans\" link2=\"https://www.kqed.org/news/11721965/should-s-f-buy-pge-infrastructure-supervisor-says-yes-but-union-wary,Should S.F. Buy PG and E Infrastructure? Supervisor Says Yes, But Union Wary\"]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>As Pacific Gas and Electric Co. filed for bankruptcy last winter, San Francisco Mayor London Breed \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/news/11718123/s-f-considers-buying-some-of-pges-infrastructure-in-wake-of-bankruptcy-plans\">asked the SFPUC\u003c/a> to analyze whether PG&E’s woes would impact residents, and if so, to evaluate the city’s other options. At the same time, Supervisor Hillary Ronen \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/news/11721965/should-s-f-buy-pge-infrastructure-supervisor-says-yes-but-union-wary\">introduced legislation\u003c/a> to push for public power.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Residents and businesses can already get power through two city programs: CleanPowerSF, a community choice aggregation program that began in 2016; and Hetch Hetchy Power, which the city owns and operates and which mostly supplies city agencies and buildings.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But under both of those programs, PG&E still distributes electricity to most consumers. The real question is: Who should own the grid?\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The SFPUC examined three main options:\u003c/p>\n\u003col>\n\u003cli>\u003cstrong>Limited Independence\u003c/strong>: The city would largely continue as is. The city would attempt to expand its Hetch Hetchy Power utility and CleanPowerSF Community Choice program. The city would still rely on PG&E for distribution.\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>\u003cstrong>Targeted Investments\u003c/strong>: In 2018 voters passed Proposition A, allowing the city to issue revenue bonds to build power facilities, as long as they don’t use fossil fuels or nuclear energy. San Francisco is already beginning new projects to upgrade or build new electric distribution systems for Hetch Hetchy Power. This proposal would expand those investments. However, PG&E would still largely control San Francisco’s electric grid. CleanPowerSF users would still receive their power through PG&E, and the city would rely on PG&E to distribute power to most of its Hetch Hetchy Power customers.\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>\u003cstrong>Full Grid Independence\u003c/strong>: The city would purchase PG&E’s electric grid and operate it as a public utility. Under this plan, the city would also try to continue to employ PG&E’s employees who currently maintain and operate the grid. CleanPowerSF customers would be integrated into Hetch Hetchy Power.\u003c/li>\n\u003c/ol>\n\u003cp>But acquiring PG&E’s distribution and upgrading it could cost billions of dollars, according to the report.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Acquiring PG&E’s assets for full power independence requires the highest up‐front capital need and will be time, staff and resource intensive,” the reports’ authors wrote. However, in return the city would save money in the long run, more easily meet clean energy goals and improve reliability.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“This report shows that acquiring PG&E assets is feasible,” Mayor Breed wrote in a statement.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>PG&E wrote in a statement that the company is still reviewing the report: “PG&E has been a part of San Francisco since the company’s founding more than a century ago, and we are committed to working with the City and will remain open to communication on this issue.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>KQED’s Peter Jon Shuler contributed to this report.\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>As Pacific Gas and Electric Co. filed for bankruptcy last winter, San Francisco Mayor London Breed \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/news/11718123/s-f-considers-buying-some-of-pges-infrastructure-in-wake-of-bankruptcy-plans\">asked the SFPUC\u003c/a> to analyze whether PG&E’s woes would impact residents, and if so, to evaluate the city’s other options. At the same time, Supervisor Hillary Ronen \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/news/11721965/should-s-f-buy-pge-infrastructure-supervisor-says-yes-but-union-wary\">introduced legislation\u003c/a> to push for public power.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Residents and businesses can already get power through two city programs: CleanPowerSF, a community choice aggregation program that began in 2016; and Hetch Hetchy Power, which the city owns and operates and which mostly supplies city agencies and buildings.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But under both of those programs, PG&E still distributes electricity to most consumers. The real question is: Who should own the grid?\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The SFPUC examined three main options:\u003c/p>\n\u003col>\n\u003cli>\u003cstrong>Limited Independence\u003c/strong>: The city would largely continue as is. The city would attempt to expand its Hetch Hetchy Power utility and CleanPowerSF Community Choice program. The city would still rely on PG&E for distribution.\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>\u003cstrong>Targeted Investments\u003c/strong>: In 2018 voters passed Proposition A, allowing the city to issue revenue bonds to build power facilities, as long as they don’t use fossil fuels or nuclear energy. San Francisco is already beginning new projects to upgrade or build new electric distribution systems for Hetch Hetchy Power. This proposal would expand those investments. However, PG&E would still largely control San Francisco’s electric grid. CleanPowerSF users would still receive their power through PG&E, and the city would rely on PG&E to distribute power to most of its Hetch Hetchy Power customers.\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>\u003cstrong>Full Grid Independence\u003c/strong>: The city would purchase PG&E’s electric grid and operate it as a public utility. Under this plan, the city would also try to continue to employ PG&E’s employees who currently maintain and operate the grid. CleanPowerSF customers would be integrated into Hetch Hetchy Power.\u003c/li>\n\u003c/ol>\n\u003cp>But acquiring PG&E’s distribution and upgrading it could cost billions of dollars, according to the report.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Acquiring PG&E’s assets for full power independence requires the highest up‐front capital need and will be time, staff and resource intensive,” the reports’ authors wrote. However, in return the city would save money in the long run, more easily meet clean energy goals and improve reliability.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“This report shows that acquiring PG&E assets is feasible,” Mayor Breed wrote in a statement.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>PG&E wrote in a statement that the company is still reviewing the report: “PG&E has been a part of San Francisco since the company’s founding more than a century ago, and we are committed to working with the City and will remain open to communication on this issue.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>KQED’s Peter Jon Shuler contributed to this report.\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>",
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"content": "\u003cp>\u003cem>This text story contains an update and a correction.\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>After Misty Attaway and her family were forced to flee from the Camp Fire on the morning of Nov. 8, she heard some shocking news: Her home in Paradise, unlike much of the rest of the town, had survived.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“I thought, ‘Oh my gosh, I’m the lucky one,’ ” Attaway said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In many ways, she was. The Camp Fire was the deadliest and most destructive California wildfire in recorded state history. It spared few structures as it tore through the Sierra Nevada foothills in Butte County, wiping out nearly 14,000 residences. The fact that Attaway’s home was still standing was an anomaly.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But six months later, Attaway — who grew up in Paradise and has lived there for decades — thinks differently.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“I wish it would’ve burned,” she said. “And I hate to say that, but the nightmare and the stress and the agony that my insurance has caused me these last six months, I’m reliving the trauma every day.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The home next to Attaway’s did burn, and the adjacent flames, she said, caused “terrible” damage to her home, outside and in, making it uninhabitable.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“I have smoke and ash all the way through my home, broken glass everywhere and my utilities burned,” she said. “My windows were blown out, and I was looted, so my doors are broken.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>On top of the physical damage, there’s also the smell — a rotting refrigerator compounded with lingering smoke — that’s ruined the clothing Attaway and her family left behind when they fled from the fire.[pullquote align='right' citation='Misty Attaway']‘The nightmare and the stress and the agony that my insurance has caused me these last six months, I’m reliving the trauma every day.’[/pullquote]When she reached out to her insurance provider — Los Angeles-based Mercury Insurance — for help, Attaway said, she got almost nothing: “Without power, [without] water, my insurance company told me to live there with an outhouse and a generator with my children.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The insurance company responded after this story was initially published and disputed Attaway’s characterization of their responsiveness.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Mercury, Attaway said, did give her a $10,000 check right after the fire as a portion of the Additional Living Expenses (ALE) coverage of her homeowners policy, but she said the company told her not to cash the check because her structure was still standing.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“I did not cash that check because I was told not to,” she said. Months later, Attaway said, the insurance company told her she could use it to cover other costs, and she did.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>A spokesperson for Mercury Insurance said the company often issues handwritten checks in the immediate aftermath of events like wildfires. “Because they are handwritten checks for large amounts, we suggest our policyholders cash them the next day so we can let the bank know that we’ve written the checks,” Mercury spokesperson Kyle Reuter said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The insurance company, Attaway said, did offer to clean her family’s clothing, but the process took months. When the company returned the items, she said, a nauseating chemical smell and lingering smoke made them unusable.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Then, in December, a major storm system dropped heavy rain on Paradise, and Attaway’s ceiling collapsed. She said she immediately contacted a roofer, who said the collapse was caused by significant damages from the heat of the fire.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Attaway then contacted Mercury Insurance again, who sent out a field adjuster. But Mercury’s adjuster, Attaway said, found that the “roof was in no way caused by the fire, but was caused because I did not take care of my home.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Mercury said the adjuster found a leak in the roof caused by pine needle build up in the gutters that caused water to back up and seep into the house. That damage is not covered “because general upkeep of the property is the responsibility of the homeowner,” according to the insurer.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>After fighting with Mercury, Attaway said the insurer approved a six month lease on an apartment in nearby Chico beginning on December 22nd, as a part of her ALE coverage.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“I shouldn’t have to fight for that,” Attaway said, adding that that the ALE coverage will only run through June, when they estimate repairs on her home will be complete.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>For its part, Mercury says it gave approval for the lease earlier, on December 6th, but that Attaway asked for the lease to begin on the 22nd.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Mercury has responded quickly to all of Ms. Attaway’s inquiries and claims, despite extremely heavy claims volume,” Mercury spokesperson Kyle Reuter said. “We believe we have gone above and beyond what most people would consider reasonable, because we understand how traumatic this event has been for those impacted by it and we take our responsibility to our customers very seriously.”[pullquote size='large' align='right' citation='Amy Bach, United Policyholders']‘People invest in insurance so that when something bad happens, they won’t have to worry.’[/pullquote]According to consumer advocates, Attaway’s insurance “nightmare” is not unusual.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Unfortunately, people in her situation have sometimes an even harder challenge getting a fair payout from their insurance than someone whose home has been completely destroyed,” said Amy Bach, executive director of \u003ca href=\"https://www.uphelp.org/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">United Policyholders\u003c/a>, which helps people navigate insurance claims.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>With record damages from increasingly destructive wildfires, \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/news/11746414/insurance-claims-from-deadly-california-wildfires-top-12b\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">insurance claims have reached record highs\u003c/a> in recent years, Bach said. For the Camp Fire alone, claims total more than $8 billion, making insured losses from the blaze the most of any wildfire in the state.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>All of those losses have put a strain on insurance companies. “We’ve got an industry that is very worried about what lies ahead for their profitability in the California home insurance market,” Bach said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Still, Bach said, experiences like Attaway’s should not be the norm.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“It shouldn’t be that way for anyone,” she said. “People invest in insurance so that when something bad happens, they won’t have to worry.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But for Attaway, insurance has been the source of her worry. She wants to move back to her home, but it’s virtually uninhabitable. Her ALE coverage that pays for her apartment in Chico will be cut off next month. She’s currently working two jobs to cover expenses, but she doesn’t think it’s sustainable.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“I can’t afford to pay for my home and an apartment,” she said. “Our lives have been completely turned into confetti, and we’re just trying to pick up the pieces and put them back together. I don’t even know where to begin.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>May 17: An earlier version of this story said that Misty Attaway did not receive assistance from Mercury Insurance on her apartment in Chico “for months,” when, in fact, she began receiving assistance on the apartment in December. The story has been corrected.\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad floatright]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>This story has been updated to include statements from a Mercury Insurance spokesperson provided after the story’s original publication. This story also contains additional information from Misty Attaway provided after the story’s publication.\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\n",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“I wish it would’ve burned,” she said. “And I hate to say that, but the nightmare and the stress and the agony that my insurance has caused me these last six months, I’m reliving the trauma every day.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The home next to Attaway’s did burn, and the adjacent flames, she said, caused “terrible” damage to her home, outside and in, making it uninhabitable.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“I have smoke and ash all the way through my home, broken glass everywhere and my utilities burned,” she said. “My windows were blown out, and I was looted, so my doors are broken.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>On top of the physical damage, there’s also the smell — a rotting refrigerator compounded with lingering smoke — that’s ruined the clothing Attaway and her family left behind when they fled from the fire.\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>When she reached out to her insurance provider — Los Angeles-based Mercury Insurance — for help, Attaway said, she got almost nothing: “Without power, [without] water, my insurance company told me to live there with an outhouse and a generator with my children.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The insurance company responded after this story was initially published and disputed Attaway’s characterization of their responsiveness.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Mercury, Attaway said, did give her a $10,000 check right after the fire as a portion of the Additional Living Expenses (ALE) coverage of her homeowners policy, but she said the company told her not to cash the check because her structure was still standing.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“I did not cash that check because I was told not to,” she said. Months later, Attaway said, the insurance company told her she could use it to cover other costs, and she did.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>A spokesperson for Mercury Insurance said the company often issues handwritten checks in the immediate aftermath of events like wildfires. “Because they are handwritten checks for large amounts, we suggest our policyholders cash them the next day so we can let the bank know that we’ve written the checks,” Mercury spokesperson Kyle Reuter said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The insurance company, Attaway said, did offer to clean her family’s clothing, but the process took months. When the company returned the items, she said, a nauseating chemical smell and lingering smoke made them unusable.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Then, in December, a major storm system dropped heavy rain on Paradise, and Attaway’s ceiling collapsed. She said she immediately contacted a roofer, who said the collapse was caused by significant damages from the heat of the fire.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Attaway then contacted Mercury Insurance again, who sent out a field adjuster. But Mercury’s adjuster, Attaway said, found that the “roof was in no way caused by the fire, but was caused because I did not take care of my home.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Mercury said the adjuster found a leak in the roof caused by pine needle build up in the gutters that caused water to back up and seep into the house. That damage is not covered “because general upkeep of the property is the responsibility of the homeowner,” according to the insurer.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>After fighting with Mercury, Attaway said the insurer approved a six month lease on an apartment in nearby Chico beginning on December 22nd, as a part of her ALE coverage.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“I shouldn’t have to fight for that,” Attaway said, adding that that the ALE coverage will only run through June, when they estimate repairs on her home will be complete.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>For its part, Mercury says it gave approval for the lease earlier, on December 6th, but that Attaway asked for the lease to begin on the 22nd.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Mercury has responded quickly to all of Ms. Attaway’s inquiries and claims, despite extremely heavy claims volume,” Mercury spokesperson Kyle Reuter said. “We believe we have gone above and beyond what most people would consider reasonable, because we understand how traumatic this event has been for those impacted by it and we take our responsibility to our customers very seriously.”\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>According to consumer advocates, Attaway’s insurance “nightmare” is not unusual.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Unfortunately, people in her situation have sometimes an even harder challenge getting a fair payout from their insurance than someone whose home has been completely destroyed,” said Amy Bach, executive director of \u003ca href=\"https://www.uphelp.org/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">United Policyholders\u003c/a>, which helps people navigate insurance claims.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>With record damages from increasingly destructive wildfires, \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/news/11746414/insurance-claims-from-deadly-california-wildfires-top-12b\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">insurance claims have reached record highs\u003c/a> in recent years, Bach said. For the Camp Fire alone, claims total more than $8 billion, making insured losses from the blaze the most of any wildfire in the state.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>All of those losses have put a strain on insurance companies. “We’ve got an industry that is very worried about what lies ahead for their profitability in the California home insurance market,” Bach said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Still, Bach said, experiences like Attaway’s should not be the norm.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“It shouldn’t be that way for anyone,” she said. “People invest in insurance so that when something bad happens, they won’t have to worry.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But for Attaway, insurance has been the source of her worry. She wants to move back to her home, but it’s virtually uninhabitable. Her ALE coverage that pays for her apartment in Chico will be cut off next month. She’s currently working two jobs to cover expenses, but she doesn’t think it’s sustainable.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“I can’t afford to pay for my home and an apartment,” she said. “Our lives have been completely turned into confetti, and we’re just trying to pick up the pieces and put them back together. I don’t even know where to begin.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>May 17: An earlier version of this story said that Misty Attaway did not receive assistance from Mercury Insurance on her apartment in Chico “for months,” when, in fact, she began receiving assistance on the apartment in December. The story has been corrected.\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cp>With fire season approaching, Governor Gavin Newsom is looking for new ideas and technologies to stop the growing scourge of wildfires. And those ideas — if they work — could be worth millions of dollars thanks to a new X Prize.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Governor Newsom joined X Prize founder and chairman Peter Diamandis at the Near Future conference in San Diego yesterday to announce a contest looking for innovative technologies to detect and put out fires before they get too big. The contest will be sponsored by the\u003ca href=\"https://www.xprize.org/home\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"> X Prize Foundation,\u003c/a> best known for awarding multi-million dollar prizes to new private space exploration technologies — like \u003ca href=\"https://www.xprize.org/prizes/google-lunar/articles/xprize-awards-1m-moonshot-award-to-spaceil\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">the Moonshot award\u003c/a> for a lunar orbit.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Like the other X Prize contests, this firefighting award will be funded entirely through private money, said Newsom. The winner could get anywhere from $5 to $20 million, depending on the eventual rules of the contest. Whatever technology comes out of it, though, will only be adopted by the state if it works.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"Government, taxpayers don't pay a penny unless they come forward with a solution,\" he said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>https://twitter.com/PeterHDiamandis/status/1126926222707937280\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Newsom stressed the need to do something about the increasingly intense wildfires, saying 139 lives were lost last year during California's \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/science/1934332/the-largest-deadliest-and-most-destructive-fires-in-california-history\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">deadliest fire season\u003c/a>. While he commended firefighters and emergency responders, he also noted firefighting technology has not advanced in years — and it's time for new solutions.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"It's like 'What the hell are we going to do?' And we're just a few weeks away from entering another fire season,\" he said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"We haven't pushed the boundaries of innovation and technology,\" he said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Diamandis said the benefit of these prizes is that they draw the best minds from around the world to a problem, even if the sounds crazy or is something no one's thought of before.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"The concept is a fire detection and extinction X Prize. Can we find it and put it out before it grows? How it gets put out — Is it drones? Is it water cannons? Who knows?\" he said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Unfortunately, the prize may not help Californians this year. Diamandis said it'll take about 100 days to draw up the rules of the contest and to find a sponsor. The goal is to then launch the contest and test products next fire season.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>The Associated Press contributed to this report.\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\n",
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"info": "What kind of no sabo word is Hyphenación? For us, it’s about living within a hyphenation. Like being a third-gen Mexican-American from the Texas border now living that Bay Area Chicano life. Like Xorje! Each week we bring together a couple of hyphenated Latinos to talk all about personal life choices: family, careers, relationships, belonging … everything is on the table. ",
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"marketplace": {
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"info": "Our flagship program, helmed by Kai Ryssdal, examines what the day in money delivered, through stories, conversations, newsworthy numbers and more. Updated Monday through Friday at about 3:30 p.m. PT.",
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},
"mindshift": {
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"info": "The MindShift podcast explores the innovations in education that are shaping how kids learn. Hosts Ki Sung and Katrina Schwartz introduce listeners to educators, researchers, parents and students who are developing effective ways to improve how kids learn. We cover topics like how fed-up administrators are developing surprising tactics to deal with classroom disruptions; how listening to podcasts are helping kids develop reading skills; the consequences of overparenting; and why interdisciplinary learning can engage students on all ends of the traditional achievement spectrum. This podcast is part of the MindShift education site, a division of KQED News. KQED is an NPR/PBS member station based in San Francisco. You can also visit the MindShift website for episodes and supplemental blog posts or tweet us \u003ca href=\"https://twitter.com/MindShiftKQED\">@MindShiftKQED\u003c/a> or visit us at \u003ca href=\"/mindshift\">MindShift.KQED.org\u003c/a>",
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"order": 12
},
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"google": "https://podcasts.google.com/feed/aHR0cHM6Ly9mZWVkcy5tZWdhcGhvbmUuZm0vS1FJTkM1NzY0NjAwNDI5",
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"morning-edition": {
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"onourwatch": {
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"tagline": "Deeply-reported investigative journalism",
"info": "For decades, the process for how police police themselves has been inconsistent – if not opaque. In some states, like California, these proceedings were completely hidden. After a new police transparency law unsealed scores of internal affairs files, our reporters set out to examine these cases and the shadow world of police discipline. On Our Watch brings listeners into the rooms where officers are questioned and witnesses are interrogated to find out who this system is really protecting. Is it the officers, or the public they've sworn to serve?",
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"on-the-media": {
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"info": "Our weekly podcast explores how the media 'sausage' is made, casts an incisive eye on fluctuations in the marketplace of ideas, and examines threats to the freedom of information and expression in America and abroad. For one hour a week, the show tries to lift the veil from the process of \"making media,\" especially news media, because it's through that lens that we see the world and the world sees us",
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},
"pbs-newshour": {
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},
"perspectives": {
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"order": 14
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"info": "The economy explained. Imagine you could call up a friend and say, Meet me at the bar and tell me what's going on with the economy. Now imagine that's actually a fun evening.",
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"politicalbreakdown": {
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"title": "Political Breakdown",
"tagline": "Politics from a personal perspective",
"info": "Political Breakdown is a new series that explores the political intersection of California and the nation. Each week hosts Scott Shafer and Marisa Lagos are joined with a new special guest to unpack politics -- with personality — and offer an insider’s glimpse at how politics happens.",
"airtime": "THU 6:30pm-7pm",
"imageSrc": "https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/04/Political-Breakdown-2024-Podcast-Tile-703x703-1.jpg",
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"order": 5
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"possible": {
"id": "possible",
"title": "Possible",
"info": "Possible is hosted by entrepreneur Reid Hoffman and writer Aria Finger. Together in Possible, Hoffman and Finger lead enlightening discussions about building a brighter collective future. The show features interviews with visionary guests like Trevor Noah, Sam Altman and Janette Sadik-Khan. Possible paints an optimistic portrait of the world we can create through science, policy, business, art and our shared humanity. It asks: What if everything goes right for once? How can we get there? Each episode also includes a short fiction story generated by advanced AI GPT-4, serving as a thought-provoking springboard to speculate how humanity could leverage technology for good.",
"airtime": "SUN 2pm",
"imageSrc": "https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/04/Possible-Podcast-Tile-360x360-1.jpg",
"officialWebsiteLink": "https://www.possible.fm/",
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"source": "Possible"
},
"link": "/radio/program/possible",
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"spotify": "https://open.spotify.com/show/730YpdUSNlMyPQwNnyjp4k"
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},
"pri-the-world": {
"id": "pri-the-world",
"title": "PRI's The World: Latest Edition",
"info": "Each weekday, host Marco Werman and his team of producers bring you the world's most interesting stories in an hour of radio that reminds us just how small our planet really is.",
"airtime": "MON-FRI 2pm-3pm",
"imageSrc": "https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/04/The-World-Podcast-Tile-360x360-1.jpg",
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},
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},
"radiolab": {
"id": "radiolab",
"title": "Radiolab",
"info": "A two-time Peabody Award-winner, Radiolab is an investigation told through sounds and stories, and centered around one big idea. In the Radiolab world, information sounds like music and science and culture collide. Hosted by Jad Abumrad and Robert Krulwich, the show is designed for listeners who demand skepticism, but appreciate wonder. WNYC Studios is the producer of other leading podcasts including Freakonomics Radio, Death, Sex & Money, On the Media and many more.",
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