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"content": "\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"#episode-transcript\">View the full episode transcript.\u003c/a>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Weekday mornings are unquestionably hectic for many of us. We’re up early and out the door, headed towards some kind of commute to work. However, adding the responsibility of getting children through that morning routine and to school on time can feel like the day’s biggest accomplishment.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>When Jules Winters first moved to the San Francisco Bay Area from the East Coast, she worried that in that morning rush, she’d get stuck behind a school bus stopping every couple of blocks to pick up kids. She knew from experience that it could make her late to work. But, soon, that concern turned to puzzlement because it never happened. Instead, she noticed a lot of traffic jams around schools at drop-off and pick-up times.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[baycuriouspodcastinfo]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Now, I’m not going anywhere near [a] school because of all the parents dropping off their kids,” she says. “Why aren’t there buses taking students to and from school?” she wondered. “Why is that now the obligation of the family? And how do different families accommodate that? Is that equitable?”\u003c/p>\n\u003ch3>It goes back to Proposition 13\u003c/h3>\n\u003cp>Winters isn’t wrong. California has fewer school buses than in other parts of the country. A survey conducted by the Federal Highway Administration found that nationally, almost 40% of school-aged kids ride a school bus. In California, that number is only 8%.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Like so many questions related to school funding and services, the answer to Winters’ question has roots in the passage of Proposition 13, a constitutional amendment that limited how much a homeowner’s property taxes could increase each year. Property taxes were the primary way school districts funded themselves back then.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“The restriction of those sources of revenue in 1978 caused more or less a budget crisis,” says Sam Speroni, a doctoral researcher at the UCLA Institute of Transportation Studies and a researcher at San Jose State’s Mineta Transportation Institute. “So in 1982, the state froze its home-to-school transportation budget with only cost of living adjustments, and that stayed in place until 2022.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11980731\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 1920px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-full wp-image-11980731\" src=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/03/kids-ride-school-bus.jpg\" alt=\"A line of kids boards a yellow school bus.\" width=\"1920\" height=\"1080\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/03/kids-ride-school-bus.jpg 1920w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/03/kids-ride-school-bus-800x450.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/03/kids-ride-school-bus-1020x574.jpg 1020w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/03/kids-ride-school-bus-160x90.jpg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/03/kids-ride-school-bus-1536x864.jpg 1536w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 1920px) 100vw, 1920px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Across the country, about 40% of school-aged kids ride a school bus. In California, that number is closer to 8%. \u003ccite>( Ben Hasty/MediaNews Group/Reading Eagle via Getty Images)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>In the intervening years, California’s population has grown, including school-aged children, but the transportation budget has largely stayed the same. That has forced districts to shoulder more of the costs associated with providing school buses.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“That leads local districts into really difficult decisions about, ‘do we continue providing buses or do we eliminate in-school-house services that are also super important?’” Speroni says.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Districts are federally mandated to provide buses to certain groups of students, like those who have transportation, as part of their Individualized Education Program (IEP). However, California does not require school districts to offer school transportation to general education students. As the demands on the school budgets have grown, many districts have chosen not to prioritize school bus funding, which is costly.\u003c/p>\n\u003ch2>Buses to serve equity goals\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>Low-income families and families of color often travel the furthest to get to school and have the least resources at their disposal. In recognition of that, some Bay Area districts fund a small number of buses to help meet their equity goals.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Berkeley Unified School District assigns elementary students to zones and then places them in schools with an eye toward socioeconomic diversity. The district uses census data on family income and parental education to help it do this. If the student lives further than 1 1/2 miles from their assigned school, the district offers school buses to help them get there.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Over 1,600 students ride the bus in Berkeley, about 18% of the school community.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003ciframe loading=\"lazy\" frameborder=\"0\" height=\"200\" scrolling=\"no\" src=\"https://playlist.megaphone.fm/?e=KQINC4087301904&light=true\" width=\"100%\">\u003c/iframe>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Berkeley’s commitment to school buses stems from a legacy of bussing for integration that goes back to 1968. Berkeley was the first sizable city with a large minority population to voluntarily start a two-way bussing program to both bring white students down from the hills and to take Black students up to the hill schools as a way to racially integrate the population of all its schools.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>San Francisco also offers some school buses to general education students. It runs 35 buses for K–8 students each day, with routes that largely start on the southeast side of the city and bring kids to schools further north and west. The district says these routes help provide crucial access to language programs and offer more choices to families living in the southeast. The routes serve 46 schools and about 2,000 kids. Families sign up for the school bus when they enroll their children in elementary school. The routes and applications for spots on the bus are assigned at the educational placement center.\u003c/p>\n\u003ch2>Partnering with public transit agencies\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>While many school districts in the San Francisco Bay Area do not provide dedicated school buses for general education students, they often partner with public transportation systems to help families get kids to school. In San Francisco, school-aged kids ride for free on Muni. SamTrans, serving schools in San Mateo County, offers free rides to low-income students.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Some school districts and public transportation agencies even work together to align schedules. For example, AC Transit, in the East Bay, offers Supplementary Service to School routes designed to align with school bell schedules and to cover the attendance boundaries of certain schools. AC Transit also discounts fares based on income requirements, as does Clipper.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Despite these efforts, according to the Federal Highway Administration survey, only about 2% of California students take public buses to school. In contrast, 68% get a ride in a private vehicle.\u003c/p>\n\u003ch3>Calls for school transportation reform\u003c/h3>\n\u003cp>Recently, there have been calls to reform California’s school transportation system. A 2014 Legislative Analyst’s Office report highlighted how underfunded the program had become and suggested several ways to reform it. In 2022, Newsom pledged state money to fund 60% of the cost of funding school transportation, the largest increase in years. The governor also allocated $1.5 billion in one-time funds to help districts transition to electric school buses.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>State Sen. Nancy Skinner proposed a bill in 2022 that would provide universal access to school transportation for TK–12 public school students in the state. She argued that reliable transportation to school could reduce chronic absenteeism and improve school performance, especially for low-income students whose families more often don’t have cars. An analysis of the Skinner bill found it would cost the state $1.4 billion, which may be why, despite support in the Senate, it didn’t advance.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The high cost of providing school buses, paired with the many demands on a school district’s budget, make changes to school transportation policy a tricky proposition going forward.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[baycuriousquestion]\u003c/p>\n\u003ch2 id=\"episode-transcript\">Episode Transcript\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>\u003cb>Olivia Allen-Price: \u003c/b>Whenever Bay Curious listener Jules Winters thinks about her childhood growing up in the suburbs of Philadelphia, she thinks of her school bus driver.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cb>Jules Winters: \u003c/b>My bus driver was Ted for like, most of my life. This one time, there was a snowstorm that just hit, like out of nowhere, and it was like full-on blizzard. And I remember, like, we had been at school maybe only into like 9:00, and they were like, we got to get you out of here, like, now. And so they called all the buses. And we got on the bus with Ted, and we got stuck in a huge snowdrift on the way home.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cb>Olivia Allen-Price: \u003c/b>Jules doesn’t remember being scared in that moment, even though it was probably really stressful for Ted. She felt safe. She knew Ted would get her home, he always did.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cb>Jules Winters: \u003c/b>I have really good memories of taking the bus. Like, I met my best friend on the bus. She had moved into town over the summer and was just starting in a new school, and it’s kind of like I was the first person that she met.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cb>Olivia Allen-Price: \u003c/b>So when she moved to California as an adult, Jules quickly noticed there weren’t many school buses moving kids around.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cb>Jules Winters: \u003c/b>I think it’s ironic that initially, I was concerned about traffic, with like being stuck behind a bus, because that was what I was used to on the East Coast. Now, it’s like, I’m not going anywhere near that school because of all the parents dropping off their kids.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cb>Olivia Allen-Price: \u003c/b>I live a half block from a school, and trust me, some of the worst traffic jams happen around school start and end times. Since Jules has such positive memories of riding the bus as a student, it got her wondering.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cb>Jules Winters: \u003c/b>Why aren’t there buses taking students to and from school?\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cb>Olivia Allen-Price: \u003c/b>And that led to a whole bunch more questions.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cb>Jules Winters: \u003c/b>Why is that now the obligation of the family and how do different families accommodate that? Is that equitable?\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cb>Olivia Allen-Price: \u003c/b>Today on Bay Curious, we’re taking a closer look at how kids get to school, why it matters, and if it’s true that there aren’t as many school buses in California as there are in other places. I’m Olivia Alan Price. Stay with us.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003ci>[Sponsor message]\u003c/i>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cb>Olivia Allen-Price: \u003c/b>Today, we’re digging into why you don’t see as many school buses around the Bay area as you might in other parts of the country. And to help answer some of Jules’ questions, we have Bay curious producer and longtime education reporter Katrina Schwartz. Welcome, Katrina.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cb>Katrina Schwartz: \u003c/b>Hi, Olivia. I was actually quite excited that we got an education question.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cb>Olivia Allen-Price: \u003c/b>Yeah, let’s get right into it. Is Jules right? Are there actually fewer school buses here?\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cb>Katrina Schwartz: \u003c/b>Yes, Jules is correct. She’s actually put her finger on a real discrepancy. So there’s this survey that the Federal Highway Administration does across the country. And when you look nationwide, almost 40% of school-age kids ride a school bus. And that number has been fairly consistent across many decades. But here in California, only 8% of kids ride a school bus to school, which is the lowest in the country.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cb>Olivia Allen-Price: \u003c/b>Wow. 8%. You know, I wouldn’t have thought it was that low. Although I guess if I think about it, I don’t tend to see school buses very often when I’m out on the roads.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cb>Katrina Schwartz: \u003c/b>Right, because they really aren’t that common. In fact, I had a fair amount of trouble finding any kid that rode a school bus until I started asking around in Berkeley, where it is a little bit more common. So, I met Liz Christiano at her house in Berkeley. She actually volunteered to let me come over at this very stressful time in the morning.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cb>Liz Christiano:\u003c/b> Good morning. Welcome, Katrina\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cb>Katrina Schwartz: \u003c/b>Getting ready time in order to meet up with her son James and his friend Eli, as they were having breakfast and getting ready to go to the school bus. They are both fourth graders at John Muir Elementary, and they remember the first time that they rode the school bus.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cb>Eli: \u003c/b>It was kind of strange because, like, I didn’t know anybody, but then, like, I got used to it really quickly.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cb>James: \u003c/b>It wasn’t really scary. I guess it felt weird.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cb>Katrina Schwartz: \u003c/b>And they were not entirely positive about the experience but kind of resigned to it. I would say.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cb>Eli: \u003c/b>It was pretty loud. There’s like so many people talking at once. And then the bus driver, like, frequently stops or has to use the radio to tell people to be quiet or to stop using foul language on the bus.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cb>Olivia Allen-Price: \u003c/b>OK. That tracks. I remember not loving the bus all the time as a student, but I know that my mom appreciated that it meant she didn’t have to drive me to school.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cb>Katrina Schwartz: \u003c/b>Yes, I think buses are really more for parents than they are for kids.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cb>Liz Christiano: \u003c/b>My morning would be ridiculously stressful if I had to take him, even though we’re not that far away.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cb>Katrina Schwartz: \u003c/b>Liz Christiano says she’s not even sure how she’d manage her morning without the bus.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cb>Liz Christiano: \u003c/b>The getting up and going. Having to manage all of the logistics of getting everywhere and everything on time is just… it’s a lot.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cb>Katrina Schwartz: \u003c/b>She has another child who’s younger, who goes to a preschool in Oakland. That school starts at the same time as James’ school. So if she was having to take them both to school, it would be this real logistical hurdle to juggle it all. And so she was just very thankful for the bus.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cb>Liz Christiano: \u003c/b>Having your kid picked up and taken somewhere and then delivered home the amount of life and cognitive space that you get back, I love it. I really love it. The mornings are so much better because of the bus.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cb>Katrina Schwartz: \u003c/b>James and Eli normally walk to the school bus together without their parents. It’s about a two-block walk. But this morning, because I was there, a bunch of kids met up and we all walked to the school bus together.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cb>James: \u003c/b>We’re about to have to go to the bus. Do you want to interview Mia or Micah? they’re also on the bus.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cb>Katrina Schwartz in scene: \u003c/b>So, Micah, how do you feel about the bus?\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cb>Micah: \u003c/b>I like that parents still get to work as much as they want. And it’s just fun to ride in the bus with friends.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cb>Katrina Schwartz in scene: \u003c/b>What about you, Mia? How do you feel about it?\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cb>Mia: \u003c/b>I really like it. Because even if you’re late to the bus, all you have to do is run, and he’ll wait for you.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cb>Katrina Schwartz in scene: \u003c/b>He waits for you!\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cb>Mia: \u003c/b>Yeah, and he laughs.\u003ci> (giggles)\u003c/i> This is my first year. So I was very nervous on the first day. I wasn’t expecting that my stop would be the first stop on the whole thing and that it would take like 20 minutes to get to school.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cb>Katrina Schwartz in scene: \u003c/b>Are you annoyed that it takes so long or is it OK?\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cb>Mia: \u003c/b>It’s OK because then I get to talk to my friends when they get on the bus.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cb>Katrina Schwartz in scene: \u003c/b>So, is this the bus stop?\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cb>Eli: \u003c/b>It’s a very sad bus stop because it has no sign.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cb>Katrina Schwartz: \u003c/b>And, pretty soon the bus pulled up. The kids all kind of gave their moms hugs and then got on.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cb>Mia: \u003c/b>What we’re trying to say, is the bus is amazing!\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cb>James: \u003c/b>No, we are not.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cb>Katrina Schwartz: \u003c/b>Off they went.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cb>Olivia Allen-Price: \u003c/b>I mean, it sounds like it’s working out really well for them. Why aren’t there more buses around California if it’s helping out this family so much?\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cb>Katrina Schwartz: \u003c/b>Yeah. So this all goes back to Proposition 13, which is a constitutional amendment that passed in 1978. And it really limits how much property taxes can increase for homeowners, which is a big deal for school districts because, before Prop. 13, property taxes were the main way that school districts funded themselves. Since then, that burden has shifted more to the state because of Prop. 13.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cb>Sam Speroni: \u003c/b>The restriction of those sources of revenue in 1978 caused more or less a budget crisis.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cb>Katrina Schwartz: \u003c/b>I talked with Sam Speroni, who is a doctoral student at UCLA studying school transportation.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cb>Sam Speroni: \u003c/b>So, in 1982, the state froze its home-to-school transportation budget with only cost-of-living adjustments, and that stayed in place until 2022.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cb>Katrina Schwartz: \u003c/b>So over the past 40-plus years, California’s population has grown, though. So there’s just this one pot of money that really hasn’t changed that much, and more kids and more need. So, if districts want to offer school buses, they have to kind of shoulder more of the burden to pay for that. And that means tradeoffs. You know, you can’t pay for everything.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cb>Sam Speroni: \u003c/b>That leads local districts into really difficult decisions about, do we continue providing busses or do we eliminate in school house services that are also super important?\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cb>Katrina Schwartz: \u003c/b>Reading support specialist for example, or an extra social worker?\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cb>Sam Speroni: \u003c/b>And politically, it’s difficult to justify the elimination of teaching staff if school buses can be reduced first.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cb>Olivia Allen-Price: \u003c/b>Obviously, you said it’s an expensive prospect for school districts to think about doing this, but Berkeley is making a bigger investment than others to keep buses going. Why?\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cb>Katrina Schwartz: \u003c/b>So it goes back to the history of bussing.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cb>Archival tape: \u003c/b>The method is bussing, in itself one of the most controversial issues before boards of education throughout this country. But Berkeley is out to prove that it works.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cb>Katrina Schwartz: \u003c/b>You know, in the 1960s and 70s, school buses were one of the primary ways that districts tried to integrate their schools racially. There was a lot of segregation before that, and school bussing was a way of basically moving kids around, mixing them up, taking them to different neighborhoods.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cb>Archival tape: \u003c/b>And with the use of 25 buses, 3,500 elementary children began to commute to and from White and Negro neighborhoods.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cb>Katrina Schwartz: \u003c/b>Trish McDermott is the senior communications director for Berkeley Unified, and she told me this history is fundamental to how Berkeley operates today.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cb>Trish McDermott: \u003c/b>In 1968, we integrated our elementary schools, and that really made Berkeley the first larger city in the country with a large minority enrollment to voluntarily desegregate schools. And we did that with our buses.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cb>Katrina Schwartz: \u003c/b>And Trish says even in progressive Berkeley, bussing for integration wasn’t always popular.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cb>Trish McDermott: \u003c/b>Big, crowded school board meetings, a lot of pushback.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cb>Katrina Schwartz: \u003c/b>They eventually got it done.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cb>Trish McDermott: \u003c/b>It’s change that we’re very proud of, and it really is the legacy of our transportation department as it exists today.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cb>Archival tape: \u003c/b>Oxford is typical of a school in Berkeley’s white middle-class neighborhood. Last year, Oxford student body had one Negro member. Today, 40% of the 325 students are black.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cb>Katrina Schwartz: \u003c/b>It’s a progressive district, and they care about creating schools that are diverse and integrated. So, what they do is assign elementary school students to a zone, and then they look at the census for income data and parental education data to assign students to different schools. And then they use school buses to help kids and families get to the school that they were assigned to.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cb>Olivia Allen-Price: \u003c/b>Berkeley is doing this, but how does that stack up against all the other hundreds of school districts in California?\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cb>Katrina Schwartz: \u003c/b>Well, it’s important to know that there’s no law in California that requires school districts to provide buses to general education students. So every district kind of looks at its budget and their student population and decides, you know, can we afford to do this or not? Is this where we want to spend our limited resources? You always have to make tradeoffs. So in a rural district, for example, they often prioritize school transportation because the distances are longer. There maybe aren’t any public transportation options for students, and the schools are more spread out. So bussing is sort of essential to getting kids to school.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>I will say that every district does need to provide some school busses, because they are federally mandated to transport certain groups of students to school. So if a student has transportation as part of their Individualized Education program, for example, maybe they have a disability or something like that, then they get transportation to school, and that is federally mandated.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>One district that actually does provide school buses for general education kids is San Francisco, which might actually surprise some families in San Francisco because a lot of families have to drive their kids to school or walk them to school or find some other way to get there. But there are a few school buses, 35 buses that the district runs. And again, it is also for equity reasons, largely the routes start on the south side of the city where there’s often more kids. It tends to be like lower-income neighborhoods, and the routes take kids to the west side of the city, and that’s to provide access to language programs, other schools, and basically makes sure that they have access to the rest of the city.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cb>Olivia Allen-Price: \u003c/b>There must be families who would use bussing if it came to them, and it just doesn’t. What do those people do?\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cb>Katrina Schwartz: \u003c/b>Well, you know, some kids walk to school if they’re close enough, some kids bike to school. But about two-thirds of California students get a ride to school in a private vehicle. So obviously that’s not great for the environment. And it’s a big ask of families. I mean, plenty of people don’t have cars, so some districts try to help out by partnering with public transportation systems. So in San Francisco, for example, school kids can ride Muni for free. And the district says that every school is served by at least one Muni bus line or train line. In the East Bay. It’s AC transit, and they actually reach out to the school districts around them and try to align their bus schedules to the school. Will start and end times to make it easier for kids to ride.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cb>Katrina Schwartz in scene:\u003c/b> I’m here at De Anza High School in Richmond. And it’s interesting because, like, all the AC transit buses are waiting here, like school buses. They’re pulled up off the street in this little pick-up zone. And there’s a bunch of kids who came out of school who are waiting around for the buses to leave.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003ci>[Sound of fare machine beeping]\u003c/i>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>About 20 minutes after school let out…\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cb>Katrina Schwartz in scene:\u003c/b> So all the kids are, like, crowded around the door waiting to get on the bus.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003ci>[Sounds of bus honking and accelerating]\u003c/i>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cb>Katrina Schwartz: \u003c/b>The bus takes off. And it takes a route through the school boundary zone so that all these kids can get back home. But if there was another patron on the street who wanted to ride, they could easily get on the bus anywhere along the route.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cb>Olivia Allen-Price: \u003c/b>I mean, I imagine this, you know, really boils down to sort of a problem on the equity front, right? Because, OK, even if parents are able to take their kids to school because of their schedule, that still is going to mean they’re going to have to have a car that’s operational. That requires a certain amount of money. Be up to date on insurance. Or I mean, the other thing to consider is like, that’s going to limit the shift work that perhaps parents could do if they’re going to have to know that they need to be available to take their kid to school at a certain time. That’s a constraint that, especially if you’re living, you know, on a low-income salary, that’s just one more thing that you’re sort of juggling in an already pretty complicated life.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cb>Katrina Schwartz: \u003c/b>Yeah, I think it is an equity issue, although it’s a little bit unclear how big of one it is. I mean, obviously any family that has more flexibility and more mobility is going to have more choices. And all the things that you laid out are true. But there are a lot of other factors that make schools unequal in California. So it’s hard to say how much of a difference a school bus would really make to the whole big picture. One thing that Sam Speroni says, though, is that if California as a state wants to even the playing field for families by offering choices about what schools a family might send their kid to, transportation really needs to be part of that conversation.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cb>Sam Speroni: \u003c/b>Ultimately, you don’t have school choice if you don’t have transportation to those choices.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cb>Katrina Schwartz: \u003c/b>And then the other problem that Sam Speroni brought up — this is a national problem — there’s a huge school bus driver shortage.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cb>Sam Speroni: \u003c/b>With the buses we already have. We’re struggling to staff them.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cb>Katrina Schwartz: \u003c/b>The school bus drivers have to have a special commercial driver’s license, which is also what you use for trucking or other types of delivery jobs. And often those jobs pay more. So in this current economy, it’s very hard to retain your school bus drivers. And we’re seeing that even in places that have much more robust bussing, they’re having a lot of trouble staffing their buses.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cb>Olivia Allen-Price: \u003c/b>Now, given everything you’ve learned, are there likely to be any changes to how many school buses California schools offer?\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cb>Katrina Schwartz: \u003c/b>I mean, a number of people have flagged this as a problem. It’s an equity issue, as we already talked about. So, State Sen. Nancy Skinner actually introduced a bill in 2022 that would have provided universal school transportation for California public school students. And she did that because she argued that providing dedicated funds for school transportation would actually improve attendance. It would help with chronic absenteeism, and especially for low income students, it could also improve outcomes at school, too. But this bill was estimated to cost the state $1.4 billion. And so it had some support in the state Senate, but ultimately it didn’t advance.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cb>Olivia Allen-Price: \u003c/b>$1.4 billion is a lot of money. But still, you know, as someone who rode a school bus, I do have a little bit of nostalgia for those big yellow buses. And I find it a little sad that, you know, I have a 3-year-old, and he isn’t likely to ride a bus in California and have that special relationship with his bus driver.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cb>Katrina Schwartz: \u003c/b>Yeah, I mean, I definitely got the sense from our question-asker, Jules, that she finds it a bit sad. I mean, she really had a positive experience on the bus and felt like it really created community. And not having them around here in the Bay area seems like just another way that the social fabric is fraying a little bit.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cb>Jules Winters: \u003c/b>I guess I’ve always imagined that buses are like a library or a firefighter station or a police station like it’s this community service that is part of the inlaid structure of what makes it a community or what makes it a school for that community. So it just boggles my mind that it’s not part of any of these communities here.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cb>Olivia Allen-Price: \u003c/b>Well, Katrina Schwartz, thank you so much for bringing the story to us.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cb>Katrina Schwartz: \u003c/b>You’re welcome. I’m sorry I couldn’t get more cute kids on buses. Apparently, there’s a lot of liability issues with getting on school buses.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cb>Olivia Allen-Price: \u003c/b>The woes of education reporting.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cb>Katrina Schwartz: \u003c/b>Yes. It’s hard.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cb>Olivia Allen-Price \u003c/b>Big thanks to Jules Winters for asking this week’s question. If you’ve got a question you’d like Bay Curious to take on, head to baycurious.org and fill out our form at the top of the page. While you’re there, vote in our March voting round. Here are the options under consideration.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cb>Voice 1 \u003c/b>Have you noticed all the motels along Lombard Street? I have. Ever since I was a kid, I’ve always wondered why. Can you find out?\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cb>Voice 2 \u003c/b>At the San Francisco Opera House, there’s a chandelier high above the orchestra level. How do they change the light bulbs when they burn out?\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cb>Voice 3 \u003c/b>San Mateo County has an official shared housing program, which helps people find housing in someone else’s home. How well is it working?\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad floatright]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cb>Olivia Allen-Price \u003c/b>Again, that’s \u003ca href=\"http://www.baycurious.org\">baycurious.org\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\n",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"#episode-transcript\">View the full episode transcript.\u003c/a>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Weekday mornings are unquestionably hectic for many of us. We’re up early and out the door, headed towards some kind of commute to work. However, adding the responsibility of getting children through that morning routine and to school on time can feel like the day’s biggest accomplishment.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>When Jules Winters first moved to the San Francisco Bay Area from the East Coast, she worried that in that morning rush, she’d get stuck behind a school bus stopping every couple of blocks to pick up kids. She knew from experience that it could make her late to work. But, soon, that concern turned to puzzlement because it never happened. Instead, she noticed a lot of traffic jams around schools at drop-off and pick-up times.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003caside class=\"alignleft utils-parseShortcode-shortcodes-__bayCuriousPodcastShortcode__bayCurious\">\u003cimg src=https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2023/02/bayCuriousLogo.png alt=\"Bay Curious Podcast\" loading=\"lazy\" />\n \u003ca href=\"/news/series/baycurious\">Bay Curious\u003c/a> is a podcast that answers your questions about the Bay Area.\n Subscribe on \u003ca href=\"https://itunes.apple.com/us/podcast/bay-curious/id1172473406\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">Apple Podcasts\u003c/a>,\n \u003ca href=\"http://www.npr.org/podcasts/500557090/bay-curious\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">NPR One\u003c/a> or your favorite podcast platform.\u003c/aside>\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Now, I’m not going anywhere near [a] school because of all the parents dropping off their kids,” she says. “Why aren’t there buses taking students to and from school?” she wondered. “Why is that now the obligation of the family? And how do different families accommodate that? Is that equitable?”\u003c/p>\n\u003ch3>It goes back to Proposition 13\u003c/h3>\n\u003cp>Winters isn’t wrong. California has fewer school buses than in other parts of the country. A survey conducted by the Federal Highway Administration found that nationally, almost 40% of school-aged kids ride a school bus. In California, that number is only 8%.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Like so many questions related to school funding and services, the answer to Winters’ question has roots in the passage of Proposition 13, a constitutional amendment that limited how much a homeowner’s property taxes could increase each year. Property taxes were the primary way school districts funded themselves back then.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“The restriction of those sources of revenue in 1978 caused more or less a budget crisis,” says Sam Speroni, a doctoral researcher at the UCLA Institute of Transportation Studies and a researcher at San Jose State’s Mineta Transportation Institute. “So in 1982, the state froze its home-to-school transportation budget with only cost of living adjustments, and that stayed in place until 2022.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11980731\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 1920px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-full wp-image-11980731\" src=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/03/kids-ride-school-bus.jpg\" alt=\"A line of kids boards a yellow school bus.\" width=\"1920\" height=\"1080\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/03/kids-ride-school-bus.jpg 1920w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/03/kids-ride-school-bus-800x450.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/03/kids-ride-school-bus-1020x574.jpg 1020w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/03/kids-ride-school-bus-160x90.jpg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/03/kids-ride-school-bus-1536x864.jpg 1536w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 1920px) 100vw, 1920px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Across the country, about 40% of school-aged kids ride a school bus. In California, that number is closer to 8%. \u003ccite>( Ben Hasty/MediaNews Group/Reading Eagle via Getty Images)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>In the intervening years, California’s population has grown, including school-aged children, but the transportation budget has largely stayed the same. That has forced districts to shoulder more of the costs associated with providing school buses.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“That leads local districts into really difficult decisions about, ‘do we continue providing buses or do we eliminate in-school-house services that are also super important?’” Speroni says.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Districts are federally mandated to provide buses to certain groups of students, like those who have transportation, as part of their Individualized Education Program (IEP). However, California does not require school districts to offer school transportation to general education students. As the demands on the school budgets have grown, many districts have chosen not to prioritize school bus funding, which is costly.\u003c/p>\n\u003ch2>Buses to serve equity goals\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>Low-income families and families of color often travel the furthest to get to school and have the least resources at their disposal. In recognition of that, some Bay Area districts fund a small number of buses to help meet their equity goals.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Berkeley Unified School District assigns elementary students to zones and then places them in schools with an eye toward socioeconomic diversity. The district uses census data on family income and parental education to help it do this. If the student lives further than 1 1/2 miles from their assigned school, the district offers school buses to help them get there.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Over 1,600 students ride the bus in Berkeley, about 18% of the school community.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003ciframe loading=\"lazy\" frameborder=\"0\" height=\"200\" scrolling=\"no\" src=\"https://playlist.megaphone.fm/?e=KQINC4087301904&light=true\" width=\"100%\">\u003c/iframe>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Berkeley’s commitment to school buses stems from a legacy of bussing for integration that goes back to 1968. Berkeley was the first sizable city with a large minority population to voluntarily start a two-way bussing program to both bring white students down from the hills and to take Black students up to the hill schools as a way to racially integrate the population of all its schools.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>San Francisco also offers some school buses to general education students. It runs 35 buses for K–8 students each day, with routes that largely start on the southeast side of the city and bring kids to schools further north and west. The district says these routes help provide crucial access to language programs and offer more choices to families living in the southeast. The routes serve 46 schools and about 2,000 kids. Families sign up for the school bus when they enroll their children in elementary school. The routes and applications for spots on the bus are assigned at the educational placement center.\u003c/p>\n\u003ch2>Partnering with public transit agencies\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>While many school districts in the San Francisco Bay Area do not provide dedicated school buses for general education students, they often partner with public transportation systems to help families get kids to school. In San Francisco, school-aged kids ride for free on Muni. SamTrans, serving schools in San Mateo County, offers free rides to low-income students.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Some school districts and public transportation agencies even work together to align schedules. For example, AC Transit, in the East Bay, offers Supplementary Service to School routes designed to align with school bell schedules and to cover the attendance boundaries of certain schools. AC Transit also discounts fares based on income requirements, as does Clipper.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Despite these efforts, according to the Federal Highway Administration survey, only about 2% of California students take public buses to school. In contrast, 68% get a ride in a private vehicle.\u003c/p>\n\u003ch3>Calls for school transportation reform\u003c/h3>\n\u003cp>Recently, there have been calls to reform California’s school transportation system. A 2014 Legislative Analyst’s Office report highlighted how underfunded the program had become and suggested several ways to reform it. In 2022, Newsom pledged state money to fund 60% of the cost of funding school transportation, the largest increase in years. The governor also allocated $1.5 billion in one-time funds to help districts transition to electric school buses.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>State Sen. Nancy Skinner proposed a bill in 2022 that would provide universal access to school transportation for TK–12 public school students in the state. She argued that reliable transportation to school could reduce chronic absenteeism and improve school performance, especially for low-income students whose families more often don’t have cars. An analysis of the Skinner bill found it would cost the state $1.4 billion, which may be why, despite support in the Senate, it didn’t advance.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The high cost of providing school buses, paired with the many demands on a school district’s budget, make changes to school transportation policy a tricky proposition going forward.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-content post-body\">\u003ch2 id=\"episode-transcript\">Episode Transcript\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>\u003cb>Olivia Allen-Price: \u003c/b>Whenever Bay Curious listener Jules Winters thinks about her childhood growing up in the suburbs of Philadelphia, she thinks of her school bus driver.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cb>Jules Winters: \u003c/b>My bus driver was Ted for like, most of my life. This one time, there was a snowstorm that just hit, like out of nowhere, and it was like full-on blizzard. And I remember, like, we had been at school maybe only into like 9:00, and they were like, we got to get you out of here, like, now. And so they called all the buses. And we got on the bus with Ted, and we got stuck in a huge snowdrift on the way home.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cb>Olivia Allen-Price: \u003c/b>Jules doesn’t remember being scared in that moment, even though it was probably really stressful for Ted. She felt safe. She knew Ted would get her home, he always did.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cb>Jules Winters: \u003c/b>I have really good memories of taking the bus. Like, I met my best friend on the bus. She had moved into town over the summer and was just starting in a new school, and it’s kind of like I was the first person that she met.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cb>Olivia Allen-Price: \u003c/b>So when she moved to California as an adult, Jules quickly noticed there weren’t many school buses moving kids around.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cb>Jules Winters: \u003c/b>I think it’s ironic that initially, I was concerned about traffic, with like being stuck behind a bus, because that was what I was used to on the East Coast. Now, it’s like, I’m not going anywhere near that school because of all the parents dropping off their kids.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cb>Olivia Allen-Price: \u003c/b>I live a half block from a school, and trust me, some of the worst traffic jams happen around school start and end times. Since Jules has such positive memories of riding the bus as a student, it got her wondering.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cb>Jules Winters: \u003c/b>Why aren’t there buses taking students to and from school?\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cb>Olivia Allen-Price: \u003c/b>And that led to a whole bunch more questions.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cb>Jules Winters: \u003c/b>Why is that now the obligation of the family and how do different families accommodate that? Is that equitable?\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cb>Olivia Allen-Price: \u003c/b>Today on Bay Curious, we’re taking a closer look at how kids get to school, why it matters, and if it’s true that there aren’t as many school buses in California as there are in other places. I’m Olivia Alan Price. Stay with us.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003ci>[Sponsor message]\u003c/i>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cb>Olivia Allen-Price: \u003c/b>Today, we’re digging into why you don’t see as many school buses around the Bay area as you might in other parts of the country. And to help answer some of Jules’ questions, we have Bay curious producer and longtime education reporter Katrina Schwartz. Welcome, Katrina.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cb>Katrina Schwartz: \u003c/b>Hi, Olivia. I was actually quite excited that we got an education question.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cb>Olivia Allen-Price: \u003c/b>Yeah, let’s get right into it. Is Jules right? Are there actually fewer school buses here?\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cb>Katrina Schwartz: \u003c/b>Yes, Jules is correct. She’s actually put her finger on a real discrepancy. So there’s this survey that the Federal Highway Administration does across the country. And when you look nationwide, almost 40% of school-age kids ride a school bus. And that number has been fairly consistent across many decades. But here in California, only 8% of kids ride a school bus to school, which is the lowest in the country.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cb>Olivia Allen-Price: \u003c/b>Wow. 8%. You know, I wouldn’t have thought it was that low. Although I guess if I think about it, I don’t tend to see school buses very often when I’m out on the roads.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cb>Katrina Schwartz: \u003c/b>Right, because they really aren’t that common. In fact, I had a fair amount of trouble finding any kid that rode a school bus until I started asking around in Berkeley, where it is a little bit more common. So, I met Liz Christiano at her house in Berkeley. She actually volunteered to let me come over at this very stressful time in the morning.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cb>Liz Christiano:\u003c/b> Good morning. Welcome, Katrina\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cb>Katrina Schwartz: \u003c/b>Getting ready time in order to meet up with her son James and his friend Eli, as they were having breakfast and getting ready to go to the school bus. They are both fourth graders at John Muir Elementary, and they remember the first time that they rode the school bus.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cb>Eli: \u003c/b>It was kind of strange because, like, I didn’t know anybody, but then, like, I got used to it really quickly.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cb>James: \u003c/b>It wasn’t really scary. I guess it felt weird.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cb>Katrina Schwartz: \u003c/b>And they were not entirely positive about the experience but kind of resigned to it. I would say.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cb>Eli: \u003c/b>It was pretty loud. There’s like so many people talking at once. And then the bus driver, like, frequently stops or has to use the radio to tell people to be quiet or to stop using foul language on the bus.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cb>Olivia Allen-Price: \u003c/b>OK. That tracks. I remember not loving the bus all the time as a student, but I know that my mom appreciated that it meant she didn’t have to drive me to school.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cb>Katrina Schwartz: \u003c/b>Yes, I think buses are really more for parents than they are for kids.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cb>Liz Christiano: \u003c/b>My morning would be ridiculously stressful if I had to take him, even though we’re not that far away.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cb>Katrina Schwartz: \u003c/b>Liz Christiano says she’s not even sure how she’d manage her morning without the bus.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cb>Liz Christiano: \u003c/b>The getting up and going. Having to manage all of the logistics of getting everywhere and everything on time is just… it’s a lot.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cb>Katrina Schwartz: \u003c/b>She has another child who’s younger, who goes to a preschool in Oakland. That school starts at the same time as James’ school. So if she was having to take them both to school, it would be this real logistical hurdle to juggle it all. And so she was just very thankful for the bus.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cb>Liz Christiano: \u003c/b>Having your kid picked up and taken somewhere and then delivered home the amount of life and cognitive space that you get back, I love it. I really love it. The mornings are so much better because of the bus.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cb>Katrina Schwartz: \u003c/b>James and Eli normally walk to the school bus together without their parents. It’s about a two-block walk. But this morning, because I was there, a bunch of kids met up and we all walked to the school bus together.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cb>James: \u003c/b>We’re about to have to go to the bus. Do you want to interview Mia or Micah? they’re also on the bus.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cb>Katrina Schwartz in scene: \u003c/b>So, Micah, how do you feel about the bus?\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cb>Micah: \u003c/b>I like that parents still get to work as much as they want. And it’s just fun to ride in the bus with friends.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cb>Katrina Schwartz in scene: \u003c/b>What about you, Mia? How do you feel about it?\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cb>Mia: \u003c/b>I really like it. Because even if you’re late to the bus, all you have to do is run, and he’ll wait for you.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cb>Katrina Schwartz in scene: \u003c/b>He waits for you!\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cb>Mia: \u003c/b>Yeah, and he laughs.\u003ci> (giggles)\u003c/i> This is my first year. So I was very nervous on the first day. I wasn’t expecting that my stop would be the first stop on the whole thing and that it would take like 20 minutes to get to school.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cb>Katrina Schwartz in scene: \u003c/b>Are you annoyed that it takes so long or is it OK?\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cb>Mia: \u003c/b>It’s OK because then I get to talk to my friends when they get on the bus.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cb>Katrina Schwartz in scene: \u003c/b>So, is this the bus stop?\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cb>Eli: \u003c/b>It’s a very sad bus stop because it has no sign.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cb>Katrina Schwartz: \u003c/b>And, pretty soon the bus pulled up. The kids all kind of gave their moms hugs and then got on.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cb>Mia: \u003c/b>What we’re trying to say, is the bus is amazing!\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cb>James: \u003c/b>No, we are not.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cb>Katrina Schwartz: \u003c/b>Off they went.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cb>Olivia Allen-Price: \u003c/b>I mean, it sounds like it’s working out really well for them. Why aren’t there more buses around California if it’s helping out this family so much?\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cb>Katrina Schwartz: \u003c/b>Yeah. So this all goes back to Proposition 13, which is a constitutional amendment that passed in 1978. And it really limits how much property taxes can increase for homeowners, which is a big deal for school districts because, before Prop. 13, property taxes were the main way that school districts funded themselves. Since then, that burden has shifted more to the state because of Prop. 13.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cb>Sam Speroni: \u003c/b>The restriction of those sources of revenue in 1978 caused more or less a budget crisis.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cb>Katrina Schwartz: \u003c/b>I talked with Sam Speroni, who is a doctoral student at UCLA studying school transportation.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cb>Sam Speroni: \u003c/b>So, in 1982, the state froze its home-to-school transportation budget with only cost-of-living adjustments, and that stayed in place until 2022.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cb>Katrina Schwartz: \u003c/b>So over the past 40-plus years, California’s population has grown, though. So there’s just this one pot of money that really hasn’t changed that much, and more kids and more need. So, if districts want to offer school buses, they have to kind of shoulder more of the burden to pay for that. And that means tradeoffs. You know, you can’t pay for everything.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cb>Sam Speroni: \u003c/b>That leads local districts into really difficult decisions about, do we continue providing busses or do we eliminate in school house services that are also super important?\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cb>Katrina Schwartz: \u003c/b>Reading support specialist for example, or an extra social worker?\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cb>Sam Speroni: \u003c/b>And politically, it’s difficult to justify the elimination of teaching staff if school buses can be reduced first.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cb>Olivia Allen-Price: \u003c/b>Obviously, you said it’s an expensive prospect for school districts to think about doing this, but Berkeley is making a bigger investment than others to keep buses going. Why?\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cb>Katrina Schwartz: \u003c/b>So it goes back to the history of bussing.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cb>Archival tape: \u003c/b>The method is bussing, in itself one of the most controversial issues before boards of education throughout this country. But Berkeley is out to prove that it works.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cb>Katrina Schwartz: \u003c/b>You know, in the 1960s and 70s, school buses were one of the primary ways that districts tried to integrate their schools racially. There was a lot of segregation before that, and school bussing was a way of basically moving kids around, mixing them up, taking them to different neighborhoods.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cb>Archival tape: \u003c/b>And with the use of 25 buses, 3,500 elementary children began to commute to and from White and Negro neighborhoods.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cb>Katrina Schwartz: \u003c/b>Trish McDermott is the senior communications director for Berkeley Unified, and she told me this history is fundamental to how Berkeley operates today.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cb>Trish McDermott: \u003c/b>In 1968, we integrated our elementary schools, and that really made Berkeley the first larger city in the country with a large minority enrollment to voluntarily desegregate schools. And we did that with our buses.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cb>Katrina Schwartz: \u003c/b>And Trish says even in progressive Berkeley, bussing for integration wasn’t always popular.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cb>Trish McDermott: \u003c/b>Big, crowded school board meetings, a lot of pushback.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cb>Katrina Schwartz: \u003c/b>They eventually got it done.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cb>Trish McDermott: \u003c/b>It’s change that we’re very proud of, and it really is the legacy of our transportation department as it exists today.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cb>Archival tape: \u003c/b>Oxford is typical of a school in Berkeley’s white middle-class neighborhood. Last year, Oxford student body had one Negro member. Today, 40% of the 325 students are black.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cb>Katrina Schwartz: \u003c/b>It’s a progressive district, and they care about creating schools that are diverse and integrated. So, what they do is assign elementary school students to a zone, and then they look at the census for income data and parental education data to assign students to different schools. And then they use school buses to help kids and families get to the school that they were assigned to.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cb>Olivia Allen-Price: \u003c/b>Berkeley is doing this, but how does that stack up against all the other hundreds of school districts in California?\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cb>Katrina Schwartz: \u003c/b>Well, it’s important to know that there’s no law in California that requires school districts to provide buses to general education students. So every district kind of looks at its budget and their student population and decides, you know, can we afford to do this or not? Is this where we want to spend our limited resources? You always have to make tradeoffs. So in a rural district, for example, they often prioritize school transportation because the distances are longer. There maybe aren’t any public transportation options for students, and the schools are more spread out. So bussing is sort of essential to getting kids to school.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>I will say that every district does need to provide some school busses, because they are federally mandated to transport certain groups of students to school. So if a student has transportation as part of their Individualized Education program, for example, maybe they have a disability or something like that, then they get transportation to school, and that is federally mandated.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>One district that actually does provide school buses for general education kids is San Francisco, which might actually surprise some families in San Francisco because a lot of families have to drive their kids to school or walk them to school or find some other way to get there. But there are a few school buses, 35 buses that the district runs. And again, it is also for equity reasons, largely the routes start on the south side of the city where there’s often more kids. It tends to be like lower-income neighborhoods, and the routes take kids to the west side of the city, and that’s to provide access to language programs, other schools, and basically makes sure that they have access to the rest of the city.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cb>Olivia Allen-Price: \u003c/b>There must be families who would use bussing if it came to them, and it just doesn’t. What do those people do?\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cb>Katrina Schwartz: \u003c/b>Well, you know, some kids walk to school if they’re close enough, some kids bike to school. But about two-thirds of California students get a ride to school in a private vehicle. So obviously that’s not great for the environment. And it’s a big ask of families. I mean, plenty of people don’t have cars, so some districts try to help out by partnering with public transportation systems. So in San Francisco, for example, school kids can ride Muni for free. And the district says that every school is served by at least one Muni bus line or train line. In the East Bay. It’s AC transit, and they actually reach out to the school districts around them and try to align their bus schedules to the school. Will start and end times to make it easier for kids to ride.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cb>Katrina Schwartz in scene:\u003c/b> I’m here at De Anza High School in Richmond. And it’s interesting because, like, all the AC transit buses are waiting here, like school buses. They’re pulled up off the street in this little pick-up zone. And there’s a bunch of kids who came out of school who are waiting around for the buses to leave.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003ci>[Sound of fare machine beeping]\u003c/i>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>About 20 minutes after school let out…\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cb>Katrina Schwartz in scene:\u003c/b> So all the kids are, like, crowded around the door waiting to get on the bus.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003ci>[Sounds of bus honking and accelerating]\u003c/i>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cb>Katrina Schwartz: \u003c/b>The bus takes off. And it takes a route through the school boundary zone so that all these kids can get back home. But if there was another patron on the street who wanted to ride, they could easily get on the bus anywhere along the route.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cb>Olivia Allen-Price: \u003c/b>I mean, I imagine this, you know, really boils down to sort of a problem on the equity front, right? Because, OK, even if parents are able to take their kids to school because of their schedule, that still is going to mean they’re going to have to have a car that’s operational. That requires a certain amount of money. Be up to date on insurance. Or I mean, the other thing to consider is like, that’s going to limit the shift work that perhaps parents could do if they’re going to have to know that they need to be available to take their kid to school at a certain time. That’s a constraint that, especially if you’re living, you know, on a low-income salary, that’s just one more thing that you’re sort of juggling in an already pretty complicated life.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cb>Katrina Schwartz: \u003c/b>Yeah, I think it is an equity issue, although it’s a little bit unclear how big of one it is. I mean, obviously any family that has more flexibility and more mobility is going to have more choices. And all the things that you laid out are true. But there are a lot of other factors that make schools unequal in California. So it’s hard to say how much of a difference a school bus would really make to the whole big picture. One thing that Sam Speroni says, though, is that if California as a state wants to even the playing field for families by offering choices about what schools a family might send their kid to, transportation really needs to be part of that conversation.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cb>Sam Speroni: \u003c/b>Ultimately, you don’t have school choice if you don’t have transportation to those choices.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cb>Katrina Schwartz: \u003c/b>And then the other problem that Sam Speroni brought up — this is a national problem — there’s a huge school bus driver shortage.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cb>Sam Speroni: \u003c/b>With the buses we already have. We’re struggling to staff them.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cb>Katrina Schwartz: \u003c/b>The school bus drivers have to have a special commercial driver’s license, which is also what you use for trucking or other types of delivery jobs. And often those jobs pay more. So in this current economy, it’s very hard to retain your school bus drivers. And we’re seeing that even in places that have much more robust bussing, they’re having a lot of trouble staffing their buses.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cb>Olivia Allen-Price: \u003c/b>Now, given everything you’ve learned, are there likely to be any changes to how many school buses California schools offer?\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cb>Katrina Schwartz: \u003c/b>I mean, a number of people have flagged this as a problem. It’s an equity issue, as we already talked about. So, State Sen. Nancy Skinner actually introduced a bill in 2022 that would have provided universal school transportation for California public school students. And she did that because she argued that providing dedicated funds for school transportation would actually improve attendance. It would help with chronic absenteeism, and especially for low income students, it could also improve outcomes at school, too. But this bill was estimated to cost the state $1.4 billion. And so it had some support in the state Senate, but ultimately it didn’t advance.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cb>Olivia Allen-Price: \u003c/b>$1.4 billion is a lot of money. But still, you know, as someone who rode a school bus, I do have a little bit of nostalgia for those big yellow buses. And I find it a little sad that, you know, I have a 3-year-old, and he isn’t likely to ride a bus in California and have that special relationship with his bus driver.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cb>Katrina Schwartz: \u003c/b>Yeah, I mean, I definitely got the sense from our question-asker, Jules, that she finds it a bit sad. I mean, she really had a positive experience on the bus and felt like it really created community. And not having them around here in the Bay area seems like just another way that the social fabric is fraying a little bit.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cb>Jules Winters: \u003c/b>I guess I’ve always imagined that buses are like a library or a firefighter station or a police station like it’s this community service that is part of the inlaid structure of what makes it a community or what makes it a school for that community. So it just boggles my mind that it’s not part of any of these communities here.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cb>Olivia Allen-Price: \u003c/b>Well, Katrina Schwartz, thank you so much for bringing the story to us.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cb>Katrina Schwartz: \u003c/b>You’re welcome. I’m sorry I couldn’t get more cute kids on buses. Apparently, there’s a lot of liability issues with getting on school buses.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cb>Olivia Allen-Price: \u003c/b>The woes of education reporting.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cb>Katrina Schwartz: \u003c/b>Yes. It’s hard.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cb>Olivia Allen-Price \u003c/b>Big thanks to Jules Winters for asking this week’s question. If you’ve got a question you’d like Bay Curious to take on, head to baycurious.org and fill out our form at the top of the page. While you’re there, vote in our March voting round. Here are the options under consideration.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cb>Voice 1 \u003c/b>Have you noticed all the motels along Lombard Street? I have. Ever since I was a kid, I’ve always wondered why. Can you find out?\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cb>Voice 2 \u003c/b>At the San Francisco Opera House, there’s a chandelier high above the orchestra level. How do they change the light bulbs when they burn out?\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cb>Voice 3 \u003c/b>San Mateo County has an official shared housing program, which helps people find housing in someone else’s home. How well is it working?\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cb>Olivia Allen-Price \u003c/b>Again, that’s \u003ca href=\"http://www.baycurious.org\">baycurious.org\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\n\u003c/div>"
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"slug": "a-caregivers-guide-to-navigating-early-intervention-services",
"title": "'Early Start' 101: Here's How Families Can Access Early Intervention Services for Younger Kids",
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"headTitle": "‘Early Start’ 101: Here’s How Families Can Access Early Intervention Services for Younger Kids | KQED",
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"content": "\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/news/11981473/atencion-temprana-infantil-california\">\u003cem>Leer en español\u003c/em>\u003c/a>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In California, \u003ca href=\"https://my.clevelandclinic.org/health/diseases/14814-developmental-delay-in-children\">babies and toddlers with developmental delays\u003c/a> are entitled to receive a host of early intervention services to enhance their ability to sit, walk, talk or feed themselves. The services include physical therapy, speech therapy, occupational therapy or even equipment that helps young children maintain or improve certain skills. Parents and caregivers can also receive counseling and training to support their child’s needs.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"https://sites.ed.gov/idea/early-learning-early-childhood/#:~:text=The%20Individuals%20With%20Disabilities%20Education,and%20related%20services%20when%20children\">State and federal law guarantee early intervention services\u003c/a> through a program called Early Start because they help young children reach their potential and reduce the need for special education services when they enter school.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[aside postID=news_11979071 hero='https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/03/240309-EARLY-START-DEVELOPMENTAL-DELAYS-MD-02-KQED-1-1020x680.jpg']\u003ca href=\"https://www.cdc.gov/ncbddd/actearly/whyActEarly.html\">Getting the services as early as possible is crucial\u003c/a> for these children, experts say because their brains are the most adaptable during the first three years of life. The services should ideally be provided in the child’s home, daycare or other “natural environments” because \u003ca href=\"https://www.pacer.org/ec/early-intervention/natural-environments.asp\">young children learn best when they’re in familiar surroundings.\u003c/a>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But advocates tell KQED they’re seeing\u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/news/11979071/californias-low-income-families-face-barriers-to-in-home-therapy-for-infants-with-developmental-delays\"> growing geographic and economic disparities\u003c/a> in who gets early intervention services in their natural environment — that is, these services aren’t being made equally available to all kids.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>So, if you’re worried your child may have a developmental delay or have already encountered issues while trying to access these kinds of services for your family, here’s what you need to know about navigating the state’s Early Start system.\u003c/p>\n\u003ch2>\u003cstrong>How do I get started with securing Early Start services for my kid?\u003c/strong>\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>A pediatrician, parent or even daycare provider can \u003ca href=\"https://arcanet.org/your-regional-center/\">contact their local regional center\u003c/a> to ask for early intervention services through Early Start.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Regional centers are nonprofit agencies that contract with the California Department of Developmental Services (DDS) to:\u003c/p>\n\u003cul>\n\u003cli>Evaluate a child for a developmental delay or disability.\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>Determine if the child is eligible for early intervention services.\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>Arrange for those services.\u003c/li>\n\u003c/ul>\n\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"https://www.dhcs.ca.gov/provgovpart/Prop-56/Pages/Prop56-Screenings-Developmental.aspx\">Medi-Cal, the state’s Medicare program, covers developmental screenings\u003c/a> during wellness checks for children at 9 months, 18 months and 30 months of age. The screening uses a standardized set of questions to see if a child’s motor, cognitive, social and emotional development are on track for their age. However, \u003ca href=\"https://first5center.org/blog/department-of-health-care-services-releases-2021-preventive-services-report\">data shows that the developmental screening rates for young children in Medi-Cal are very low\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>If you suspect your child isn’t meeting his or her developmental milestones, don’t be afraid to ask about any concerns you have. Reyna Balladares, a foster parent profiled in our story about early intervention, says that when she noticed her foster child was slow to begin walking and talking, doctors told her that what was happening with the girl was normal. A specialist eventually evaluated the toddler and determined that she, in fact, needed physical therapy, speech-language therapy, occupational therapy and feeding therapy.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“You have to be very conscious if something different is going on with the child,” Balladares says, “and we have to advocate for [them].”\u003c/p>\n\u003ch2>\u003cstrong>Who’s eligible for Early Start?\u003c/strong>\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"https://www.dds.ca.gov/wp-content/uploads/2023/04/SIP_Early-Start_English.pdf\">A child under 3 years old is qualified for early intervention services through Early Start (PDF) \u003c/a>if they’re diagnosed as being at risk for developmental delays or if they have a developmental delay “of at least 25%” that affects their:\u003c/p>\n\u003cul>\n\u003cli>Cognitive development (thinking and learning).\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>Speech development.\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>Physical and motor development, including their vision and hearing.\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>Social and emotional development.\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>Adaptive development (everyday living skills like eating or dressing).\u003c/li>\n\u003c/ul>\n\u003ch2>\u003cstrong>How much does Early Start cost?\u003c/strong>\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>There is no charge for regional centers to evaluate for a developmental delay, determine a child’s eligibility and arrange for early intervention services.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>However, they are “technically funders of last resort,” according to \u003ca href=\"https://calbudgetcenter.org/resources/understanding-how-infants-and-toddlers-with-disabilities-or-developmental-delays-receive-support/\">a report by the California Budget and Policy Center\u003c/a>. This means regional centers will only pay for services that are not covered by Medi-Cal or private insurance plans or while families wait for their insurance plan or Medi-Cal to approve the service.\u003c/p>\n\u003ch2>\u003cstrong>What are the rights of parents and caregivers for accessing Early Start services for a child?\u003c/strong>\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>After being referred, regional centers have up to 45 days to evaluate the child, determine if they’re eligible for early intervention services, and propose an Individualized Family Service Plan (IFSP) that lays out the services that the child needs.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[pullquote align=\"right\" size=\"medium\" citation=\"Mariah Martinez, care coordinator manager, Support for Families of Children With Disabilities\"]‘Keep pushing to move the process along.’[/pullquote]Mariah Martinez, a care coordinator manager with the San Francisco-based nonprofit Support for Families of Children With Disabilities, suggests filling out the referral form (which you can find on each regional center’s website) and emailing it to the regional center, so you can begin documenting the process from the start.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Once the regional center emails you back with the confirmation that they received it, then that’s when the timeline begins,” she says.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>If the process then goes beyond 45 days, caregivers can contact their caseload manager or the officer of the day at the regional center to get an update on the status of their case, Martinez says.\u003c/p>\n\u003ch2>\u003cstrong>What if I’m not getting timely services?\u003c/strong>\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>As frustrating as it sounds, parents and caregivers often have to call their regional center coordinator repeatedly. “Keep pushing to move the process along,” Martinez says. She also suggests reaching out to their child’s pediatrician or medical social worker, a family resource center (\u003ca href=\"https://sfdec.org/family-resource-centers/\">there are more than two dozen of these\u003c/a> located throughout neighborhoods in San Francisco, for example) or advocacy groups like Support for Families of Children With Disabilities to assist in communicating with their service coordinator.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“We try our best to get families connected to them,” she says. “And for the majority of time, I believe we’re pretty successful at getting them some sort of update regarding their case or if there’s anything else that the regional center needs from them. That way, the process goes a little bit smoother for them.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Also, the First 5 Association of California offers a “Help Me Grow” program in each of the state’s 58 counties to help identify a family’s child development needs.\u003c/p>\n\u003ch2>\u003cstrong>What if I disagree with the service plan? Or if my child was denied Early Start services?\u003c/strong>\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>The DDS suggests first talking with your service coordinator or asking the leadership of the regional center to review and reconsider their decision.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The next step after this could be seeking mediation or a due process hearing with the\u003ca href=\"https://www.dgs.ca.gov/OAH\"> Office of Administrative Hearings\u003c/a>. Martinez recommends “getting everything written down” so families will have documentation of their attempts to get services.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Martinez says it’s a good idea to seek legal advice from the \u003ca href=\"https://www.disabilityrightsca.org/what-we-do/programs/office-of-clients-rights-advocacy-ocra\">Office of Clients’ Rights Advocacy\u003c/a> before filing an appeal or complaint with the state. The OCRA has an attorney or advocate assigned to each regional center and is run by Disability Rights California.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad floatright]\u003c/p>\n",
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"excerpt": "In California, babies and toddlers with developmental delays are entitled to a host of early intervention services that experts say are crucial during the first three years of life when their brains are the most adaptable.",
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"title": "'Early Start' 101: Here's How Families Can Access Early Intervention Services for Younger Kids | KQED",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/news/11981473/atencion-temprana-infantil-california\">\u003cem>Leer en español\u003c/em>\u003c/a>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In California, \u003ca href=\"https://my.clevelandclinic.org/health/diseases/14814-developmental-delay-in-children\">babies and toddlers with developmental delays\u003c/a> are entitled to receive a host of early intervention services to enhance their ability to sit, walk, talk or feed themselves. The services include physical therapy, speech therapy, occupational therapy or even equipment that helps young children maintain or improve certain skills. Parents and caregivers can also receive counseling and training to support their child’s needs.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"https://sites.ed.gov/idea/early-learning-early-childhood/#:~:text=The%20Individuals%20With%20Disabilities%20Education,and%20related%20services%20when%20children\">State and federal law guarantee early intervention services\u003c/a> through a program called Early Start because they help young children reach their potential and reduce the need for special education services when they enter school.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"https://www.cdc.gov/ncbddd/actearly/whyActEarly.html\">Getting the services as early as possible is crucial\u003c/a> for these children, experts say because their brains are the most adaptable during the first three years of life. The services should ideally be provided in the child’s home, daycare or other “natural environments” because \u003ca href=\"https://www.pacer.org/ec/early-intervention/natural-environments.asp\">young children learn best when they’re in familiar surroundings.\u003c/a>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But advocates tell KQED they’re seeing\u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/news/11979071/californias-low-income-families-face-barriers-to-in-home-therapy-for-infants-with-developmental-delays\"> growing geographic and economic disparities\u003c/a> in who gets early intervention services in their natural environment — that is, these services aren’t being made equally available to all kids.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>So, if you’re worried your child may have a developmental delay or have already encountered issues while trying to access these kinds of services for your family, here’s what you need to know about navigating the state’s Early Start system.\u003c/p>\n\u003ch2>\u003cstrong>How do I get started with securing Early Start services for my kid?\u003c/strong>\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>A pediatrician, parent or even daycare provider can \u003ca href=\"https://arcanet.org/your-regional-center/\">contact their local regional center\u003c/a> to ask for early intervention services through Early Start.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Regional centers are nonprofit agencies that contract with the California Department of Developmental Services (DDS) to:\u003c/p>\n\u003cul>\n\u003cli>Evaluate a child for a developmental delay or disability.\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>Determine if the child is eligible for early intervention services.\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>Arrange for those services.\u003c/li>\n\u003c/ul>\n\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"https://www.dhcs.ca.gov/provgovpart/Prop-56/Pages/Prop56-Screenings-Developmental.aspx\">Medi-Cal, the state’s Medicare program, covers developmental screenings\u003c/a> during wellness checks for children at 9 months, 18 months and 30 months of age. The screening uses a standardized set of questions to see if a child’s motor, cognitive, social and emotional development are on track for their age. However, \u003ca href=\"https://first5center.org/blog/department-of-health-care-services-releases-2021-preventive-services-report\">data shows that the developmental screening rates for young children in Medi-Cal are very low\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>If you suspect your child isn’t meeting his or her developmental milestones, don’t be afraid to ask about any concerns you have. Reyna Balladares, a foster parent profiled in our story about early intervention, says that when she noticed her foster child was slow to begin walking and talking, doctors told her that what was happening with the girl was normal. A specialist eventually evaluated the toddler and determined that she, in fact, needed physical therapy, speech-language therapy, occupational therapy and feeding therapy.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“You have to be very conscious if something different is going on with the child,” Balladares says, “and we have to advocate for [them].”\u003c/p>\n\u003ch2>\u003cstrong>Who’s eligible for Early Start?\u003c/strong>\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"https://www.dds.ca.gov/wp-content/uploads/2023/04/SIP_Early-Start_English.pdf\">A child under 3 years old is qualified for early intervention services through Early Start (PDF) \u003c/a>if they’re diagnosed as being at risk for developmental delays or if they have a developmental delay “of at least 25%” that affects their:\u003c/p>\n\u003cul>\n\u003cli>Cognitive development (thinking and learning).\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>Speech development.\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>Physical and motor development, including their vision and hearing.\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>Social and emotional development.\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>Adaptive development (everyday living skills like eating or dressing).\u003c/li>\n\u003c/ul>\n\u003ch2>\u003cstrong>How much does Early Start cost?\u003c/strong>\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>There is no charge for regional centers to evaluate for a developmental delay, determine a child’s eligibility and arrange for early intervention services.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>However, they are “technically funders of last resort,” according to \u003ca href=\"https://calbudgetcenter.org/resources/understanding-how-infants-and-toddlers-with-disabilities-or-developmental-delays-receive-support/\">a report by the California Budget and Policy Center\u003c/a>. This means regional centers will only pay for services that are not covered by Medi-Cal or private insurance plans or while families wait for their insurance plan or Medi-Cal to approve the service.\u003c/p>\n\u003ch2>\u003cstrong>What are the rights of parents and caregivers for accessing Early Start services for a child?\u003c/strong>\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>After being referred, regional centers have up to 45 days to evaluate the child, determine if they’re eligible for early intervention services, and propose an Individualized Family Service Plan (IFSP) that lays out the services that the child needs.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>Mariah Martinez, a care coordinator manager with the San Francisco-based nonprofit Support for Families of Children With Disabilities, suggests filling out the referral form (which you can find on each regional center’s website) and emailing it to the regional center, so you can begin documenting the process from the start.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Once the regional center emails you back with the confirmation that they received it, then that’s when the timeline begins,” she says.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>If the process then goes beyond 45 days, caregivers can contact their caseload manager or the officer of the day at the regional center to get an update on the status of their case, Martinez says.\u003c/p>\n\u003ch2>\u003cstrong>What if I’m not getting timely services?\u003c/strong>\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>As frustrating as it sounds, parents and caregivers often have to call their regional center coordinator repeatedly. “Keep pushing to move the process along,” Martinez says. She also suggests reaching out to their child’s pediatrician or medical social worker, a family resource center (\u003ca href=\"https://sfdec.org/family-resource-centers/\">there are more than two dozen of these\u003c/a> located throughout neighborhoods in San Francisco, for example) or advocacy groups like Support for Families of Children With Disabilities to assist in communicating with their service coordinator.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“We try our best to get families connected to them,” she says. “And for the majority of time, I believe we’re pretty successful at getting them some sort of update regarding their case or if there’s anything else that the regional center needs from them. That way, the process goes a little bit smoother for them.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Also, the First 5 Association of California offers a “Help Me Grow” program in each of the state’s 58 counties to help identify a family’s child development needs.\u003c/p>\n\u003ch2>\u003cstrong>What if I disagree with the service plan? Or if my child was denied Early Start services?\u003c/strong>\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>The DDS suggests first talking with your service coordinator or asking the leadership of the regional center to review and reconsider their decision.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The next step after this could be seeking mediation or a due process hearing with the\u003ca href=\"https://www.dgs.ca.gov/OAH\"> Office of Administrative Hearings\u003c/a>. Martinez recommends “getting everything written down” so families will have documentation of their attempts to get services.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Martinez says it’s a good idea to seek legal advice from the \u003ca href=\"https://www.disabilityrightsca.org/what-we-do/programs/office-of-clients-rights-advocacy-ocra\">Office of Clients’ Rights Advocacy\u003c/a> before filing an appeal or complaint with the state. The OCRA has an attorney or advocate assigned to each regional center and is run by Disability Rights California.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"slug": "california-schools-face-funding-uncertainty-as-covid-19-relief-expires",
"title": "California Schools Face Funding Uncertainty as COVID-19 Relief Expires",
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"headTitle": "California Schools Face Funding Uncertainty as COVID-19 Relief Expires | KQED",
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"content": "\u003cp>After years of cash windfalls, California schools are bracing for a stretch of austerity that could jeopardize students’ already precarious recovery from the pandemic.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>An end to billions of dollars in federal COVID-19 relief funds, declining enrollment, staff raises, hiring binges and stagnant state funding should combine over the next few months to create steep budget shortfalls, with low-income districts affected the most.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“The fiscal cliff is going to vary,” said Marguerite Roza, director of the Edunomics Lab at Georgetown University. “The districts that got the most COVID-19 relief dollars, those that have the most low-income students, are going to face the biggest losses.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[pullquote size=\"medium\" align=\"right\" citation=\"Marguerite Roza, director of the Edunomics Lab, Georgetown University\"]‘The districts that got the most COVID-19 relief dollars, those that have the most low-income students, are going to face the biggest losses.’[/pullquote]In his \u003ca href=\"https://ebudget.ca.gov/2024-25/pdf/BudgetSummary/K-12Education.pdf\">budget proposal released in January\u003c/a>, Gov. Gavin Newsom largely spared schools, keeping intact popular initiatives like transitional kindergarten, universal school meals, community schools and after-school programs. He proposed dipping into reserves and delaying some expenses to make up a projected \u003ca href=\"https://calmatters.org/politics/capitol/2024/02/california-budget-deficit-balloons/\">multi-billion-dollar\u003c/a> shortfall.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But the exact numbers are shifting. The Legislative Analyst’s Office predicted that the \u003ca href=\"https://calmatters.org/politics/capitol/2024/02/california-budget-deficit-balloons/\">shortfall may be much higher\u003c/a> than Newsom calculated and cuts will be unavoidable. Newsom will release a revised budget in May, and the Legislature has until June 15 to pass a final budget.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[aside postID=\"mindshift_62921,news_11976186,news_11979071\" label=\"Related Stories\"]Meanwhile, federal COVID-19 relief funding for schools will end in September. In a series of grants known as Elementary and Secondary School Emergency Relief, the federal government gave California schools $23.4 billion to pay for everything from air purifiers to after-school tutoring.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>That funding was distributed based on the number of low-income students districts have. Districts with lots of low-income students got more money, which means they’ll lose the most when the funding ends.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>At the beginning of the pandemic, schools tended to spend the money on one-time expenses, like tablets and Wi-Fi hotspots for students attending school remotely. But as schools reopened, they started spending money on ongoing programs intended to help students catch up academically and recover from the mental health hardships of remote learning. That could include tutors, longer school days or summer and after-school programs.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>San Bernardino City Unified used $8 million of its $230 million in COVID-19 relief funds to beef up its after-school program. Thanks to the extra funding, the district has been able to offer free after-school activities, tutoring, transportation and mental health support at every school.\u003c/p>\n\u003ch2>Keeping the ‘sparkle in kids’ eyes\u003c/h2>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11979835\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 2000px\">\u003ca href=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/03/022624_Mia-Cooper-ESSER_EF_CM_06.jpg\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-full wp-image-11979835\" src=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/03/022624_Mia-Cooper-ESSER_EF_CM_06.jpg\" alt=\"A Black woman wearing a black top and jeans sits outside.\" width=\"2000\" height=\"1333\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/03/022624_Mia-Cooper-ESSER_EF_CM_06.jpg 2000w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/03/022624_Mia-Cooper-ESSER_EF_CM_06-800x533.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/03/022624_Mia-Cooper-ESSER_EF_CM_06-1020x680.jpg 1020w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/03/022624_Mia-Cooper-ESSER_EF_CM_06-160x107.jpg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/03/022624_Mia-Cooper-ESSER_EF_CM_06-1536x1024.jpg 1536w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/03/022624_Mia-Cooper-ESSER_EF_CM_06-1920x1280.jpg 1920w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 2000px) 100vw, 2000px\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Mia Cooper near her home in Highland on Feb. 26, 2024. \u003ccite>(Elisa Ferrari/CalMatters)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Mia Cooper, a parent with three children in San Bernardino City Unified, said her childrens’ after-school program has been a lifesaver. In fact, it’s the main reason they want to go to school, she said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>They not only benefit from tutoring, but they get to enjoy ballet and acting lessons, field trips to science museums and Disneyland, robotics classes, performances by folklórico dance troupes and other fun activities.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>During the pandemic, one of Cooper’s daughters was withdrawn and depressed, but the after-school program helped her reconnect with friends and fall in love with school again. Keeping the program intact should be a priority, Cooper said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“The kids were exposed to so many different activities and cultural things,” she said. “If a program is working for kids and we’re seeing good outcomes, I think it’s something we need to keep. … We shouldn’t lose that sparkle in kids’ eyes.”\u003c/p>\n\u003ch2>A budget reckoning for some districts\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>But Roza said some districts’ use of COVID-19 relief funds could worsen their budget prospects. Districts that invested one-time funds in ongoing expenses, such as new staff, raises and bonuses, might be headed for a reckoning. Nationwide, school staff increased by 2% since the pandemic while enrollment decreased by 2%, according to Georgetown’s Edunomics Lab.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Salaries for existing teachers have risen, too. Districts in \u003ca href=\"https://www.sfusd.edu/about-sfusd/sfusd-news/press-releases/2023-12-08-sfusd-commits-fulfilling-historic-raises-educators#:~:text=In%20October%202023%2C%20SFUSD%20and,full%20effect%20by%20January%202025.\">San Francisco\u003c/a>, \u003ca href=\"https://drive.google.com/file/d/1ZeEW5EjyR33Y0JgUC_LBq9MPIIzm901K/view\">Oakland\u003c/a>, \u003ca href=\"https://www.sandiegounified.org/about/newscenter/all_news/tentative_agreements_reached_with_sdea_and_para\">San Diego \u003c/a>and \u003ca href=\"https://www.lausd.org/site/Default.aspx?PageType=3&DomainID=4&PageID=1&ViewID=6446ee88-d30c-497e-9316-3f8874b3e108&FlexDataID=132163\">Los Angeles\u003c/a> — all of which have declining enrollment — agreed to hefty teacher raises and bonuses in the past year.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Still, the fiscal outlook is not as dire as during the 2008 recession, said Julien Lafortune, a research fellow at the Public Policy Institute of California. \u003ca href=\"https://www.ppic.org/publication/financing-californias-public-schools/\">School funding generally in California\u003c/a> has risen dramatically since then, lifting California from the bottom half of states in school funding to \u003ca href=\"https://www.ppic.org/publication/financing-californias-public-schools/\">above the national average\u003c/a>. In addition, the state’s shift to \u003ca href=\"https://calmatters.org/commentary/2023/05/achievement-gap-defies-extra-billions/\">the Local Control Funding Formula\u003c/a> a decade ago has provided more money for students with higher needs, although inequities persist.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But that doesn’t mean these cuts won’t hurt, Lafortune said, especially for students most affected by the pandemic. Low-income, Black and Latino students disproportionately bore the brunt of school closures, \u003ca href=\"https://edpolicyinca.org/newsroom/california-test-scores-show-devastating-impact-pandemic-student-learning\">research has shown,\u003c/a> because they were more likely to suffer economically from the pandemic, less likely to have adequate technology at home, and less likely to have a parent available to help them with distance learning.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“It’s not like the Great Recession, but I think the challenges are greater now,” Lafortune said. “A lot of the academic progress we made was erased by the pandemic.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Roza worries that arguments over potential cuts in the next year will eclipse concern over learning loss. Potential school closures and teacher layoffs will inevitably elicit loud protests, but school boards should stay focused on services that directly help students, such as math tutoring and literacy, she said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Some districts will be focusing on staff retention instead of kids’ needs,” Roza said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>These decisions may be so divisive that Roza predicts a high turnover rate among school administrators and board members unwilling to make unpopular decisions. She also expects to see some districts refuse to make sufficient cuts and risk insolvency or state takeover.\u003c/p>\n\u003ch2>Planning pays off in Fresno\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>Fresno Unified is among the districts facing a double whammy of declining enrollment and a large loss of relief funds. The 70,000-student district received more than $787 million in state and federal relief money, one of the largest allotments in California.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>However, the district was careful to build reserves, rely on state grants when possible and not overly invest in ongoing staff salaries. Instead, it used most of its money to train teachers in math and literacy, extend the school day and provide a high-quality summer program. It also brought in social workers, restorative justice counselors, attendance specialists and other staff to boost students’ mental health.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The investments have apparently paid off. The number of students meeting California’s math benchmark rose almost 3 percentage points last year, even as the state average remained unchanged. And chronic absenteeism fell significantly, from 51% in 2022 to 35% last year.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11979836\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 2000px\">\u003ca href=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/03/022624_Mia-Cooper-ESSER_EF_CM_12.jpg\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-full wp-image-11979836\" src=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/03/022624_Mia-Cooper-ESSER_EF_CM_12.jpg\" alt=\"A young Black man and two young Black girls wearing black t-shirts sit on a rock outside.\" width=\"2000\" height=\"1333\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/03/022624_Mia-Cooper-ESSER_EF_CM_12.jpg 2000w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/03/022624_Mia-Cooper-ESSER_EF_CM_12-800x533.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/03/022624_Mia-Cooper-ESSER_EF_CM_12-1020x680.jpg 1020w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/03/022624_Mia-Cooper-ESSER_EF_CM_12-160x107.jpg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/03/022624_Mia-Cooper-ESSER_EF_CM_12-1536x1024.jpg 1536w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/03/022624_Mia-Cooper-ESSER_EF_CM_12-1920x1280.jpg 1920w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 2000px) 100vw, 2000px\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Siblings Alec, Samantha and Honey Cooper near their home in Highland on Feb. 26, 2024. \u003ccite>(Elisa Ferrari/CalMatters)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Still, the district expects to make some cuts, probably affecting the district office but not schools directly — at least at first, said the district’s chief financial officer, Patrick Jensen.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“It’s like we’re in a boat, and we can see a storm coming,” Jensen said. “We’re not going to be dashed against the rocks, but we still need to find a safe harbor.”.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>San Bernardino City Unified, among California’s lowest-income districts, also received a high-relief funding payout: $230 million for 46,000 students. But the district isn’t anticipating a financial disaster once the funding expires. It plans to shift some of its state block grant money to pay for programs funded with relief money, where necessary and has been conservative with planning. It’s also closely monitoring the state budget and economic outlook, said Associate Superintendent Terry Comnick.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But there’s still likely to be some cuts, and the district will have to look closely at what programs have been effective and which didn’t live up to expectations. In addition to the after-school program, a “resident guest teacher” program had positive results, Comnick said. The district hired substitute teachers to work one-on-one or in small groups with students who were the furthest behind. The $4.5 million program, which was at every school, resulted in higher test scores among the highest-needs students.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>So far, it looks like the district will be able to keep both programs, at least for the next few years, Comnick said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad floatright]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“People call it a (Elementary and Secondary School Emergency Relief) cliff because the money just ends,” Comnick said. “But for us, it will hopefully be a gentle slope.”\u003c/p>\n\n",
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"excerpt": "California schools got $23.4 billion in federal pandemic relief money. Low-income schools that got the most may be hardest hit when the funds expire this year.",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>After years of cash windfalls, California schools are bracing for a stretch of austerity that could jeopardize students’ already precarious recovery from the pandemic.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>An end to billions of dollars in federal COVID-19 relief funds, declining enrollment, staff raises, hiring binges and stagnant state funding should combine over the next few months to create steep budget shortfalls, with low-income districts affected the most.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“The fiscal cliff is going to vary,” said Marguerite Roza, director of the Edunomics Lab at Georgetown University. “The districts that got the most COVID-19 relief dollars, those that have the most low-income students, are going to face the biggest losses.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>In his \u003ca href=\"https://ebudget.ca.gov/2024-25/pdf/BudgetSummary/K-12Education.pdf\">budget proposal released in January\u003c/a>, Gov. Gavin Newsom largely spared schools, keeping intact popular initiatives like transitional kindergarten, universal school meals, community schools and after-school programs. He proposed dipping into reserves and delaying some expenses to make up a projected \u003ca href=\"https://calmatters.org/politics/capitol/2024/02/california-budget-deficit-balloons/\">multi-billion-dollar\u003c/a> shortfall.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But the exact numbers are shifting. The Legislative Analyst’s Office predicted that the \u003ca href=\"https://calmatters.org/politics/capitol/2024/02/california-budget-deficit-balloons/\">shortfall may be much higher\u003c/a> than Newsom calculated and cuts will be unavoidable. Newsom will release a revised budget in May, and the Legislature has until June 15 to pass a final budget.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>Meanwhile, federal COVID-19 relief funding for schools will end in September. In a series of grants known as Elementary and Secondary School Emergency Relief, the federal government gave California schools $23.4 billion to pay for everything from air purifiers to after-school tutoring.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>That funding was distributed based on the number of low-income students districts have. Districts with lots of low-income students got more money, which means they’ll lose the most when the funding ends.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>At the beginning of the pandemic, schools tended to spend the money on one-time expenses, like tablets and Wi-Fi hotspots for students attending school remotely. But as schools reopened, they started spending money on ongoing programs intended to help students catch up academically and recover from the mental health hardships of remote learning. That could include tutors, longer school days or summer and after-school programs.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>San Bernardino City Unified used $8 million of its $230 million in COVID-19 relief funds to beef up its after-school program. Thanks to the extra funding, the district has been able to offer free after-school activities, tutoring, transportation and mental health support at every school.\u003c/p>\n\u003ch2>Keeping the ‘sparkle in kids’ eyes\u003c/h2>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11979835\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 2000px\">\u003ca href=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/03/022624_Mia-Cooper-ESSER_EF_CM_06.jpg\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-full wp-image-11979835\" src=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/03/022624_Mia-Cooper-ESSER_EF_CM_06.jpg\" alt=\"A Black woman wearing a black top and jeans sits outside.\" width=\"2000\" height=\"1333\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/03/022624_Mia-Cooper-ESSER_EF_CM_06.jpg 2000w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/03/022624_Mia-Cooper-ESSER_EF_CM_06-800x533.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/03/022624_Mia-Cooper-ESSER_EF_CM_06-1020x680.jpg 1020w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/03/022624_Mia-Cooper-ESSER_EF_CM_06-160x107.jpg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/03/022624_Mia-Cooper-ESSER_EF_CM_06-1536x1024.jpg 1536w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/03/022624_Mia-Cooper-ESSER_EF_CM_06-1920x1280.jpg 1920w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 2000px) 100vw, 2000px\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Mia Cooper near her home in Highland on Feb. 26, 2024. \u003ccite>(Elisa Ferrari/CalMatters)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Mia Cooper, a parent with three children in San Bernardino City Unified, said her childrens’ after-school program has been a lifesaver. In fact, it’s the main reason they want to go to school, she said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>They not only benefit from tutoring, but they get to enjoy ballet and acting lessons, field trips to science museums and Disneyland, robotics classes, performances by folklórico dance troupes and other fun activities.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>During the pandemic, one of Cooper’s daughters was withdrawn and depressed, but the after-school program helped her reconnect with friends and fall in love with school again. Keeping the program intact should be a priority, Cooper said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“The kids were exposed to so many different activities and cultural things,” she said. “If a program is working for kids and we’re seeing good outcomes, I think it’s something we need to keep. … We shouldn’t lose that sparkle in kids’ eyes.”\u003c/p>\n\u003ch2>A budget reckoning for some districts\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>But Roza said some districts’ use of COVID-19 relief funds could worsen their budget prospects. Districts that invested one-time funds in ongoing expenses, such as new staff, raises and bonuses, might be headed for a reckoning. Nationwide, school staff increased by 2% since the pandemic while enrollment decreased by 2%, according to Georgetown’s Edunomics Lab.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Salaries for existing teachers have risen, too. Districts in \u003ca href=\"https://www.sfusd.edu/about-sfusd/sfusd-news/press-releases/2023-12-08-sfusd-commits-fulfilling-historic-raises-educators#:~:text=In%20October%202023%2C%20SFUSD%20and,full%20effect%20by%20January%202025.\">San Francisco\u003c/a>, \u003ca href=\"https://drive.google.com/file/d/1ZeEW5EjyR33Y0JgUC_LBq9MPIIzm901K/view\">Oakland\u003c/a>, \u003ca href=\"https://www.sandiegounified.org/about/newscenter/all_news/tentative_agreements_reached_with_sdea_and_para\">San Diego \u003c/a>and \u003ca href=\"https://www.lausd.org/site/Default.aspx?PageType=3&DomainID=4&PageID=1&ViewID=6446ee88-d30c-497e-9316-3f8874b3e108&FlexDataID=132163\">Los Angeles\u003c/a> — all of which have declining enrollment — agreed to hefty teacher raises and bonuses in the past year.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Still, the fiscal outlook is not as dire as during the 2008 recession, said Julien Lafortune, a research fellow at the Public Policy Institute of California. \u003ca href=\"https://www.ppic.org/publication/financing-californias-public-schools/\">School funding generally in California\u003c/a> has risen dramatically since then, lifting California from the bottom half of states in school funding to \u003ca href=\"https://www.ppic.org/publication/financing-californias-public-schools/\">above the national average\u003c/a>. In addition, the state’s shift to \u003ca href=\"https://calmatters.org/commentary/2023/05/achievement-gap-defies-extra-billions/\">the Local Control Funding Formula\u003c/a> a decade ago has provided more money for students with higher needs, although inequities persist.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But that doesn’t mean these cuts won’t hurt, Lafortune said, especially for students most affected by the pandemic. Low-income, Black and Latino students disproportionately bore the brunt of school closures, \u003ca href=\"https://edpolicyinca.org/newsroom/california-test-scores-show-devastating-impact-pandemic-student-learning\">research has shown,\u003c/a> because they were more likely to suffer economically from the pandemic, less likely to have adequate technology at home, and less likely to have a parent available to help them with distance learning.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“It’s not like the Great Recession, but I think the challenges are greater now,” Lafortune said. “A lot of the academic progress we made was erased by the pandemic.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Roza worries that arguments over potential cuts in the next year will eclipse concern over learning loss. Potential school closures and teacher layoffs will inevitably elicit loud protests, but school boards should stay focused on services that directly help students, such as math tutoring and literacy, she said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Some districts will be focusing on staff retention instead of kids’ needs,” Roza said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>These decisions may be so divisive that Roza predicts a high turnover rate among school administrators and board members unwilling to make unpopular decisions. She also expects to see some districts refuse to make sufficient cuts and risk insolvency or state takeover.\u003c/p>\n\u003ch2>Planning pays off in Fresno\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>Fresno Unified is among the districts facing a double whammy of declining enrollment and a large loss of relief funds. The 70,000-student district received more than $787 million in state and federal relief money, one of the largest allotments in California.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>However, the district was careful to build reserves, rely on state grants when possible and not overly invest in ongoing staff salaries. Instead, it used most of its money to train teachers in math and literacy, extend the school day and provide a high-quality summer program. It also brought in social workers, restorative justice counselors, attendance specialists and other staff to boost students’ mental health.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The investments have apparently paid off. The number of students meeting California’s math benchmark rose almost 3 percentage points last year, even as the state average remained unchanged. And chronic absenteeism fell significantly, from 51% in 2022 to 35% last year.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11979836\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 2000px\">\u003ca href=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/03/022624_Mia-Cooper-ESSER_EF_CM_12.jpg\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-full wp-image-11979836\" src=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/03/022624_Mia-Cooper-ESSER_EF_CM_12.jpg\" alt=\"A young Black man and two young Black girls wearing black t-shirts sit on a rock outside.\" width=\"2000\" height=\"1333\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/03/022624_Mia-Cooper-ESSER_EF_CM_12.jpg 2000w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/03/022624_Mia-Cooper-ESSER_EF_CM_12-800x533.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/03/022624_Mia-Cooper-ESSER_EF_CM_12-1020x680.jpg 1020w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/03/022624_Mia-Cooper-ESSER_EF_CM_12-160x107.jpg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/03/022624_Mia-Cooper-ESSER_EF_CM_12-1536x1024.jpg 1536w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/03/022624_Mia-Cooper-ESSER_EF_CM_12-1920x1280.jpg 1920w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 2000px) 100vw, 2000px\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Siblings Alec, Samantha and Honey Cooper near their home in Highland on Feb. 26, 2024. \u003ccite>(Elisa Ferrari/CalMatters)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Still, the district expects to make some cuts, probably affecting the district office but not schools directly — at least at first, said the district’s chief financial officer, Patrick Jensen.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“It’s like we’re in a boat, and we can see a storm coming,” Jensen said. “We’re not going to be dashed against the rocks, but we still need to find a safe harbor.”.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>San Bernardino City Unified, among California’s lowest-income districts, also received a high-relief funding payout: $230 million for 46,000 students. But the district isn’t anticipating a financial disaster once the funding expires. It plans to shift some of its state block grant money to pay for programs funded with relief money, where necessary and has been conservative with planning. It’s also closely monitoring the state budget and economic outlook, said Associate Superintendent Terry Comnick.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But there’s still likely to be some cuts, and the district will have to look closely at what programs have been effective and which didn’t live up to expectations. In addition to the after-school program, a “resident guest teacher” program had positive results, Comnick said. The district hired substitute teachers to work one-on-one or in small groups with students who were the furthest behind. The $4.5 million program, which was at every school, resulted in higher test scores among the highest-needs students.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>So far, it looks like the district will be able to keep both programs, at least for the next few years, Comnick said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"title": "More Muslim Students Are Getting Support at School During Ramadan Fasting",
"headTitle": "More Muslim Students Are Getting Support at School During Ramadan Fasting | KQED",
"content": "\u003cp>While Muslim students remain a rarity in many U.S. school districts, they are a major presence in some communities, prompting public schools to be more attentive to their needs during the holy month of \u003ca href=\"https://apnews.com/article/ramadan-islam-fasting-islamic-holy-month-d8c9e002e4904c5d8e0ccee2b77f9ad4\">Ramadan\u003c/a> when dawn-to-sundown fasting is a duty of Islam.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>For example, in \u003ca href=\"https://apnews.com/article/michigan-primary-uncommitted-dearborn-arab-muslim-05f6a1099c00fe75823f77aaadbacf25\">Dearborn, Michigan\u003c/a> — where nearly half the 110,000 residents are of Arab descent — public school teachers and staff strive to make things easier for students observing Ramadan.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“We allow students on their own to practice their faith as long as it’s not a disruption to the school day,” said Dearborn Schools spokesperson David Mustonen. “We also try to find other spaces or activities in the school during lunch for those students who may be fasting.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[pullquote align=\"right\" size=\"medium\" citation=\"David Mustonen, spokesperson, Dearborn Schools in Michigan\"]‘We allow students on their own to practice their faith as long as it’s not a disruption to the school day. We also try to find other spaces or activities in the school during lunch for those students who may be fasting.’[/pullquote]But he stressed that these students are still required to complete all assignments.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In St. Paul, Minnesota, East African Elementary Magnet School has set aside space in the library where students who are fasting and don’t want to be in the cafeteria can spend the break doing other supervised activities like reading, said principal Abdisalam Adam.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The 220-student school opened last fall as part of St. Paul’s public schools system, and shares that curriculum, but it also aims to reinforce cultural and linguistic connections with Somalia and other East African countries. Adam said about 90% of the students are Somali Muslims.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Adam, who has worked with the district for nearly 30 years, said he tells his staff that accommodating observance of Ramadan fits in with an overall goal of caring for students.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“All needs are connected,” he said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>For school districts less familiar with Muslim traditions, resources are available. For example, Islamic Networks Group, a California-based nonprofit, provides, among other things, online information for educators about Ramadan and its significance to Muslims.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Many districts “don’t know very much about Islam or any of our holidays,” said Maha Elgenaidi, the group’s executive director. “If they don’t know very much about it, there’s not much they can provide to students in terms of accommodation” until they learn more and the parents are actively involved in asking for accommodations.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>She says fasting students may need to be excused from strenuous activities in gym class, and should be allowed to make up for tests missed due to absence to celebrate the Eid al-Fitr holiday that follows Ramadan.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“If they’re not accommodated at school or the school doesn’t know anything about this, they’re kind of living dual lives there.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Fasting is not required of young children, but many Muslim children like to fast to share in the month’s rituals and emulate parents and older siblings, according to ING. Educators also need to know of the typical changes to Muslim families’ routines during Ramadan, such as waking up for the pre-dawn “suhoor” meal and staying up late to possibly attend prayers in the mosque, Elgenaidi said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>When Dr. Aifra Ahmed’s children were younger, the Pakistani American physician and her husband would share insight about Ramadan with their classmates, reading to them a Ramadan story and distributing goodie bags with such things as dates.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“I realized that the Muslim families in school have to do a lot of education,” said Ahmed, who lives in Los Altos, California.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Ahmed’s husband, Moazzam Chaudry, said goodwill gestures, such as when educators offer a Ramadan greeting, send a message of inclusivity.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[pullquote align=\"right\" size=\"medium\" citation=\"Moazzam Chaudry, Los Altos resident\"]‘[T]hat’s the first thing that … naturally comes to your mind, ‘Are we integrated into this society? Does this society even accept us?’ These little, little things make such a huge impact.’[/pullquote]For immigrant families, “that’s the first thing that … naturally comes to your mind, ‘Are we integrated into this society? Does this society even accept us?’” he said. “These little, little things make such a huge impact.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Punhal, the couple’s daughter who attends a charter middle school, said she takes part in physical education during Ramadan but skips running when fasting because she would need water afterward.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>She said a few non-Muslim friends told her they would like to fast with her in companionship.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Naiel, her brother who’s in a public high school, said he was pleased when a teacher talked to the class about Ramadan and told him that, if he needed, he could take a nap.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>He wants others to better understand why he fasts.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“A lot of kids and teachers think … I’m torturing myself or like it’s a diet,” he said. “When I’m fasting, I just feel a lot more gratitude towards everyone around me and towards people who don’t have as much.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In Dearborn, 14-year-old Adam Alcodray praised the faculty at Dearborn High for their understanding during Ramadan.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“A lot of the teachers are just like more lenient, allowing us to do less,” said Alcodray, a 9th grader. “They don’t get mad because they realize we are hungry.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[aside label=\"Related Stories\" postID=\"news_11978744,news_11979258,news_11911947,mindshift_62718\"]Alcodray says he fasts from 6:20 a.m. until around 8 p.m.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“It’s not that bad to be honest,” he said. “When you know you can’t eat, something in your brain clicks.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Hussein Mortada, a 17-year-old senior at Dearborn High, said family solidarity is invaluable during Ramadan.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“In my family, everybody’s fasting,” Mortada said. “Everybody’s going through the same thing. The whole month is meant for you to get closer to God and make your religion stronger.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>This year, Ramadan carries extra significance due to the hardships being suffered by people in Gaza amid the \u003ca href=\"https://apnews.com/hub/israel-hamas-war\">Israel-Hamas war\u003c/a>, Mortada said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“I feel helpless just sitting here on my phone, looking at everything that’s happening,” he said. “All you can do is feel for them and pray for them.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Alcodray shared similar sentiments.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“When you look at what the children are eating in Gaza, you appreciate what your mom makes,” he said. “When you’re having a bad day, realize what they are going through.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>At the East African magnet school in St. Paul, Marian Aden — who trains other teachers there — makes it a priority to encourage Ramadan-related accommodations for fasting students.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Aden said her youngest daughter, 4-year-old Nora, woke up excited about Ramadan’s start on March 11 — but her teachers in the suburb where they live weren’t familiar with the occasion. Aden said she’ll be relieved when Nora starts attending the magnet school next year.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“She’ll be celebrated for who she is,” Aden said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[pullquote align=\"right\" size=\"medium\" citation=\"Adam Alcodray, student, Dearborn High School in Michigan\"]‘When you look at what the children are eating in Gaza, you appreciate what your mom makes. When you’re having a bad day, realize what they are going through.’[/pullquote]Minnesota has been home to growing numbers of \u003ca href=\"https://apnews.com/article/politics-religion-minneapolis-united-states-ded19bdda3065dea259a8c25842956d4\">refugees from war-torn Somalia\u003c/a> since the late 1990s. Several school districts have recently made Eid a holiday.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In Washington, D.C., Abdul Fouzi has two daughters, ages 8 and 12, who have gradually learned the meaning and rituals of Ramadan.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Growing up in Sierra Leone in the 1980s, Fouzi said he was fasting for a full day as early as age 11. But he has not pushed his elder daughter to do likewise.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“They’re still pretty young so they’re not ready to go the whole day without food or water,” he said. “They’re not built like that.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Still, he wants them to get used to the idea; this year he’d like them to experiment with fasting for a half day.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>To Fouzi, more important than strict adherence to the rules at their age is their understanding of Ramadan’s meaning and the importance of praying for peace.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“They make up their own little rules and find loopholes figuring out how they want to participate in and practice Ramadan in different ways, and I’m okay with that,” he said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>Dell’Orto reported from Miami, Fam from Cairo and Sands from Washington.\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>Associated Press religion coverage receives support through the AP’s \u003ca href=\"https://bit.ly/ap-twir\">collaboration\u003c/a> with The Conversation US, with funding from Lilly Endowment Inc. The AP is solely responsible for this content.\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad floatright]\u003c/p>\n",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>While Muslim students remain a rarity in many U.S. school districts, they are a major presence in some communities, prompting public schools to be more attentive to their needs during the holy month of \u003ca href=\"https://apnews.com/article/ramadan-islam-fasting-islamic-holy-month-d8c9e002e4904c5d8e0ccee2b77f9ad4\">Ramadan\u003c/a> when dawn-to-sundown fasting is a duty of Islam.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>For example, in \u003ca href=\"https://apnews.com/article/michigan-primary-uncommitted-dearborn-arab-muslim-05f6a1099c00fe75823f77aaadbacf25\">Dearborn, Michigan\u003c/a> — where nearly half the 110,000 residents are of Arab descent — public school teachers and staff strive to make things easier for students observing Ramadan.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“We allow students on their own to practice their faith as long as it’s not a disruption to the school day,” said Dearborn Schools spokesperson David Mustonen. “We also try to find other spaces or activities in the school during lunch for those students who may be fasting.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>But he stressed that these students are still required to complete all assignments.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In St. Paul, Minnesota, East African Elementary Magnet School has set aside space in the library where students who are fasting and don’t want to be in the cafeteria can spend the break doing other supervised activities like reading, said principal Abdisalam Adam.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The 220-student school opened last fall as part of St. Paul’s public schools system, and shares that curriculum, but it also aims to reinforce cultural and linguistic connections with Somalia and other East African countries. Adam said about 90% of the students are Somali Muslims.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Adam, who has worked with the district for nearly 30 years, said he tells his staff that accommodating observance of Ramadan fits in with an overall goal of caring for students.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“All needs are connected,” he said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>For school districts less familiar with Muslim traditions, resources are available. For example, Islamic Networks Group, a California-based nonprofit, provides, among other things, online information for educators about Ramadan and its significance to Muslims.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Many districts “don’t know very much about Islam or any of our holidays,” said Maha Elgenaidi, the group’s executive director. “If they don’t know very much about it, there’s not much they can provide to students in terms of accommodation” until they learn more and the parents are actively involved in asking for accommodations.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>She says fasting students may need to be excused from strenuous activities in gym class, and should be allowed to make up for tests missed due to absence to celebrate the Eid al-Fitr holiday that follows Ramadan.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>For immigrant families, “that’s the first thing that … naturally comes to your mind, ‘Are we integrated into this society? Does this society even accept us?’” he said. “These little, little things make such a huge impact.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Punhal, the couple’s daughter who attends a charter middle school, said she takes part in physical education during Ramadan but skips running when fasting because she would need water afterward.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>She said a few non-Muslim friends told her they would like to fast with her in companionship.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Naiel, her brother who’s in a public high school, said he was pleased when a teacher talked to the class about Ramadan and told him that, if he needed, he could take a nap.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>He wants others to better understand why he fasts.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“A lot of kids and teachers think … I’m torturing myself or like it’s a diet,” he said. “When I’m fasting, I just feel a lot more gratitude towards everyone around me and towards people who don’t have as much.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In Dearborn, 14-year-old Adam Alcodray praised the faculty at Dearborn High for their understanding during Ramadan.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“A lot of the teachers are just like more lenient, allowing us to do less,” said Alcodray, a 9th grader. “They don’t get mad because they realize we are hungry.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>Alcodray says he fasts from 6:20 a.m. until around 8 p.m.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“It’s not that bad to be honest,” he said. “When you know you can’t eat, something in your brain clicks.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Hussein Mortada, a 17-year-old senior at Dearborn High, said family solidarity is invaluable during Ramadan.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“In my family, everybody’s fasting,” Mortada said. “Everybody’s going through the same thing. The whole month is meant for you to get closer to God and make your religion stronger.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>This year, Ramadan carries extra significance due to the hardships being suffered by people in Gaza amid the \u003ca href=\"https://apnews.com/hub/israel-hamas-war\">Israel-Hamas war\u003c/a>, Mortada said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“I feel helpless just sitting here on my phone, looking at everything that’s happening,” he said. “All you can do is feel for them and pray for them.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Alcodray shared similar sentiments.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“When you look at what the children are eating in Gaza, you appreciate what your mom makes,” he said. “When you’re having a bad day, realize what they are going through.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>At the East African magnet school in St. Paul, Marian Aden — who trains other teachers there — makes it a priority to encourage Ramadan-related accommodations for fasting students.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Aden said her youngest daughter, 4-year-old Nora, woke up excited about Ramadan’s start on March 11 — but her teachers in the suburb where they live weren’t familiar with the occasion. Aden said she’ll be relieved when Nora starts attending the magnet school next year.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“She’ll be celebrated for who she is,” Aden said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>Minnesota has been home to growing numbers of \u003ca href=\"https://apnews.com/article/politics-religion-minneapolis-united-states-ded19bdda3065dea259a8c25842956d4\">refugees from war-torn Somalia\u003c/a> since the late 1990s. Several school districts have recently made Eid a holiday.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In Washington, D.C., Abdul Fouzi has two daughters, ages 8 and 12, who have gradually learned the meaning and rituals of Ramadan.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Growing up in Sierra Leone in the 1980s, Fouzi said he was fasting for a full day as early as age 11. But he has not pushed his elder daughter to do likewise.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“They’re still pretty young so they’re not ready to go the whole day without food or water,” he said. “They’re not built like that.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Still, he wants them to get used to the idea; this year he’d like them to experiment with fasting for a half day.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>To Fouzi, more important than strict adherence to the rules at their age is their understanding of Ramadan’s meaning and the importance of praying for peace.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“They make up their own little rules and find loopholes figuring out how they want to participate in and practice Ramadan in different ways, and I’m okay with that,” he said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>Dell’Orto reported from Miami, Fam from Cairo and Sands from Washington.\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>Associated Press religion coverage receives support through the AP’s \u003ca href=\"https://bit.ly/ap-twir\">collaboration\u003c/a> with The Conversation US, with funding from Lilly Endowment Inc. The AP is solely responsible for this content.\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cp>In a move faculty say infringes on their academic freedom, the University of California will soon consider a policy restricting them from using university websites to make opinionated statements. Such statements have come under scrutiny since last fall, when some faculty publicly criticized Israel over its war in Gaza.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[pullquote size=\"medium\" align=\"right\" citation=\"James Vernon, professor, UC Berkeley\"]‘At a moment when across the country, academic freedom is being challenged, we’re worried that the regents have lost their way on this issue.’[/pullquote]The proposed policy, which goes to the system’s board of regents for a vote next week, would prevent faculty and staff from sharing their “personal or collective opinions” via the “main landing page” or homepages of department websites, according to a new draft of the policy. Faculty would be free to share opinions elsewhere on the university’s websites, so long as there is a disclaimer that their viewpoint doesn’t represent the university or their department.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The final version of the policy may not be complete until next week. Regents are accepting feedback from the university’s Academic Senate through Friday.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Whatever the final version says, the fact that regents are considering the issue at all is alarming to some UC faculty. They argue that issues of academic freedom are outside the purview of the regents and question how the university would enforce the policy. And although the policy doesn’t explicitly mention a specific issue, faculty see it as an attempt to prevent them from discussing Israel’s war in Gaza.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“At a moment when across the country, \u003ca class=\"external\" href=\"https://www.aaup.org/news/aaup-condemns-escalating-assault-academic-freedom-penn\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">academic freedom is being challenged\u003c/a>, we’re worried that the regents have lost their way on this issue,” said James Vernon, a professor of history at UC Berkeley and chair of the Berkeley Faculty Association. “I think it’s out of their purview, and I think they’re doing it for very obvious reasons. It’s about Palestine and the political positions of some regents.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>UC officials have said action is needed to ensure that faculty opinions are not interpreted as representing the views of the university as a whole. \u003ca href=\"https://edsource.org/2024/uc-moves-to-ban-political-statements-from-its-websites-by-faculty-and-others/704664\">The regents previously discussed a similar policy in January but delayed a vote until March.\u003c/a> At the time, one regent said the board was considering the policy because “some people were making political statements related to Hamas and Palestinians,” seemingly referring to the statements made by some faculty last fall in support of Palestine.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>By only disallowing statements on “main landing pages,” the latest version is less restrictive than the policy initially proposed in January, which would have banned statements made on any “official channel of communication.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>To some faculty, the issue was already settled in 2022, \u003ca class=\"external\" href=\"https://senate.universityofcalifornia.edu/_files/reports/rh-senate-divs-recs-for-dept-statements.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">when the Academic Senate determined\u003c/a> that UC faculty departments have the right to “make statements on University-owned websites,” so long as the statements don’t take positions on elections.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“The Academic Senate came out with very clear recommendations,” said Christine Hong, a professor of ethnic studies at UC Santa Cruz. “We have a group of regents who are running roughshod over what you would think would be the core commitments of the university to academic freedom and to the principle of shared governance.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Some faculty members, including Brian Soucek, professor of law at UC Davis and previous chair of the UC Academic Senate’s university committee on academic freedom, find the revised version of the policy to be an improvement. While he remains concerned with the regents “micromanaging” what faculty departments can say, Soucek said the revised policy “is not a major threat to academic freedom,” given that it only limits what can be said on the main landing pages of websites.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>UC officials declined to comment on this story, saying only that regents would consider the policy at next week’s meeting.\u003c/p>\n\u003ch2>Traced to Oct. 7 attack\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>The new push to limit faculty statements can be traced to the Oct. 7 attack by Hamas on Israel and Israel’s subsequent bombardment of Gaza. The Hamas attack killed about 1,200 people, mostly civilians, with about another 240 taken hostage. Since Israel launched its military response, more than 30,000 people have been killed in Gaza, most of them women and children.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>On Oct. 9, UC system leaders \u003ca class=\"external\" href=\"https://www.universityofcalifornia.edu/press-room/university-california-statement-mideast-violence\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">issued a statement\u003c/a> condemning the Hamas attack as an act of terrorism resulting in violence that was “sickening and incomprehensible.” Several of UC’s campus chancellors also issued their own statements condemning the attack.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003ca class=\"external\" href=\"https://static1.squarespace.com/static/653821343640f73d00465584/t/65a9acdfcd414d62815a0438/1705618655382/Statement+on+bias+in+UC+statements+%281%29.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">In a letter the following week\u003c/a>, the UC Ethnic Studies Council criticized UC’s statements, saying they lacked context by not acknowledging Israeli violence against Palestinians, including “75 years of settler colonialism and globally acknowledged apartheid.” The ethnic studies faculty also said UC’s statements “irresponsibly wield charges of terrorism” and called on UC to revoke those charges. UC later said it stood by those assertions.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>UC ethnic studies faculty then engaged in a back-and-forth with regent Jay Sures. Sures wrote a letter responding to the Ethnic Studies Council letter, saying it was “rife with falsehoods about Israel and seeks to legitimize and defend the horrific savagery of the Hamas massacre.” The ethnic studies faculty subsequently criticized Sures for not condemning Israeli violence and called on him to resign.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Sures also wrote in his letter that he would do “everything in my power” to protect “everyone in our extended community from your inflammatory and out-of-touch rhetoric.” Now, Sures is the regent most fervently pushing the proposal to limit what faculty can say on UC websites.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Since last fall, some faculty departments have displayed statements on their websites condemning Israel. \u003ca class=\"external\" href=\"https://cres.ucsc.edu/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">The website for UC Santa Cruz’s critical race and ethnic studies department\u003c/a>, for example, includes a statement calling on “scholars, researchers, organizers, and administrators worldwide” to take action “to end Israel’s genocidal attack on Gaza.”\u003c/p>\n\u003ch2>Involving faculty\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>UC isn’t the only university that has moved to restrict faculty from making political statements on department websites.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>At Barnard College, a private women’s liberal arts college in New York, the department of women’s, gender and sexuality studies published a statement last fall expressing solidarity with the people of Palestine. The college removed the statement and then rewrote \u003ca class=\"external\" href=\"https://docs.google.com/document/d/1MhaP7a_fTHVhFPJNkL-maX60TGFWKKxmYBsgJfECSOM/edit\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">its policy on political activity\u003c/a> to prohibit faculty departments from posting political statements on college-owned websites. The quick response \u003ca class=\"external\" href=\"https://pen.org/press-release/quiet-rewrite-of-barnard-college-policy-appears-to-be-an-effort-to-suppress-speech/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">prompted an outcry from some free speech advocates\u003c/a> who criticized the college for making the policy change without consulting faculty.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The American Association of University Professors, an organization that advocates for academic freedom, doesn’t have guidance regarding whether departments should take political positions, spokesperson Kelly Benjamin said. However, if universities are to create such policies, they should “be formulated through shared governance channels, with substantial faculty input,” Benjamin said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In that regard, UC officials have made progress since January, Soucek said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Prior to the January meeting, Soucek \u003ca class=\"external\" href=\"https://twitter.com/BRSoucek/status/1749192107376734488\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">co-authored a letter to the regents urging them to reject the policy\u003c/a> being considered at that time. Among other criticisms, Soucek wrote that the development of the policy was “sudden, opaque, and seemingly devoid of any collaboration at all” with the staff and faculty it would impact.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Following the January meeting, regents shared a revised version of the policy with Academic Senate leaders, requesting their thoughts and giving them until this Friday 15 to share that feedback.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In an interview, Soucek commended the regents for “taking a breath” and accepting feedback on the revised policy. “That’s a great thing, and that’s what they should have done from the beginning,” he said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Even with the changes to the policy, some faculty still see it as a major threat. Hong, the UC Santa Cruz professor, is concerned with the intention behind the policy, even if the latest version is less restrictive than the original.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Hong pointed out that UC’s general counsel, Charles Robinson, said during the January meeting that the policy’s intent was to “make sure that landing pages wouldn’t be associated with types of speech that the university would feel uncomfortable with.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Hong called that a “really striking disclosure,” saying that it violates the principle of academic freedom.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Whatever revisions they make, we have to address what the intention behind this policy is,” Hong said. “This is a joke of an exercise. Why are we being forced to go through this?”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Faculty also say it’s unclear how UC would enforce the policy. The revised version doesn’t define what constitutes an opinionated statement and states that the “administrator responsible for maintaining the website” will be responsible for “assuring compliance with this policy.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>To Soucek, that suggests that UC’s IT staff will manage the policy.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“That’s how it sounds,” he said. “Our IT staff has enormous expertise. For most of them, it doesn’t extend to issues of academic freedom.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Whoever is ultimately in charge of scanning the many departmental websites across UC’s 10 campuses will have a “gigantic task,” said Vernon, the UC Berkeley professor.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad floatright]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“And then the next question is, who’s going to enforce it once they’ve actually found someone who’s violated this policy? That is really important to have clarified,” he said.\u003c/p>\n\n",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>The proposed policy, which goes to the system’s board of regents for a vote next week, would prevent faculty and staff from sharing their “personal or collective opinions” via the “main landing page” or homepages of department websites, according to a new draft of the policy. Faculty would be free to share opinions elsewhere on the university’s websites, so long as there is a disclaimer that their viewpoint doesn’t represent the university or their department.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The final version of the policy may not be complete until next week. Regents are accepting feedback from the university’s Academic Senate through Friday.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Whatever the final version says, the fact that regents are considering the issue at all is alarming to some UC faculty. They argue that issues of academic freedom are outside the purview of the regents and question how the university would enforce the policy. And although the policy doesn’t explicitly mention a specific issue, faculty see it as an attempt to prevent them from discussing Israel’s war in Gaza.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“At a moment when across the country, \u003ca class=\"external\" href=\"https://www.aaup.org/news/aaup-condemns-escalating-assault-academic-freedom-penn\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">academic freedom is being challenged\u003c/a>, we’re worried that the regents have lost their way on this issue,” said James Vernon, a professor of history at UC Berkeley and chair of the Berkeley Faculty Association. “I think it’s out of their purview, and I think they’re doing it for very obvious reasons. It’s about Palestine and the political positions of some regents.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>UC officials have said action is needed to ensure that faculty opinions are not interpreted as representing the views of the university as a whole. \u003ca href=\"https://edsource.org/2024/uc-moves-to-ban-political-statements-from-its-websites-by-faculty-and-others/704664\">The regents previously discussed a similar policy in January but delayed a vote until March.\u003c/a> At the time, one regent said the board was considering the policy because “some people were making political statements related to Hamas and Palestinians,” seemingly referring to the statements made by some faculty last fall in support of Palestine.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>By only disallowing statements on “main landing pages,” the latest version is less restrictive than the policy initially proposed in January, which would have banned statements made on any “official channel of communication.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>To some faculty, the issue was already settled in 2022, \u003ca class=\"external\" href=\"https://senate.universityofcalifornia.edu/_files/reports/rh-senate-divs-recs-for-dept-statements.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">when the Academic Senate determined\u003c/a> that UC faculty departments have the right to “make statements on University-owned websites,” so long as the statements don’t take positions on elections.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“The Academic Senate came out with very clear recommendations,” said Christine Hong, a professor of ethnic studies at UC Santa Cruz. “We have a group of regents who are running roughshod over what you would think would be the core commitments of the university to academic freedom and to the principle of shared governance.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Some faculty members, including Brian Soucek, professor of law at UC Davis and previous chair of the UC Academic Senate’s university committee on academic freedom, find the revised version of the policy to be an improvement. While he remains concerned with the regents “micromanaging” what faculty departments can say, Soucek said the revised policy “is not a major threat to academic freedom,” given that it only limits what can be said on the main landing pages of websites.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>UC officials declined to comment on this story, saying only that regents would consider the policy at next week’s meeting.\u003c/p>\n\u003ch2>Traced to Oct. 7 attack\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>The new push to limit faculty statements can be traced to the Oct. 7 attack by Hamas on Israel and Israel’s subsequent bombardment of Gaza. The Hamas attack killed about 1,200 people, mostly civilians, with about another 240 taken hostage. Since Israel launched its military response, more than 30,000 people have been killed in Gaza, most of them women and children.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>On Oct. 9, UC system leaders \u003ca class=\"external\" href=\"https://www.universityofcalifornia.edu/press-room/university-california-statement-mideast-violence\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">issued a statement\u003c/a> condemning the Hamas attack as an act of terrorism resulting in violence that was “sickening and incomprehensible.” Several of UC’s campus chancellors also issued their own statements condemning the attack.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003ca class=\"external\" href=\"https://static1.squarespace.com/static/653821343640f73d00465584/t/65a9acdfcd414d62815a0438/1705618655382/Statement+on+bias+in+UC+statements+%281%29.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">In a letter the following week\u003c/a>, the UC Ethnic Studies Council criticized UC’s statements, saying they lacked context by not acknowledging Israeli violence against Palestinians, including “75 years of settler colonialism and globally acknowledged apartheid.” The ethnic studies faculty also said UC’s statements “irresponsibly wield charges of terrorism” and called on UC to revoke those charges. UC later said it stood by those assertions.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>UC ethnic studies faculty then engaged in a back-and-forth with regent Jay Sures. Sures wrote a letter responding to the Ethnic Studies Council letter, saying it was “rife with falsehoods about Israel and seeks to legitimize and defend the horrific savagery of the Hamas massacre.” The ethnic studies faculty subsequently criticized Sures for not condemning Israeli violence and called on him to resign.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Sures also wrote in his letter that he would do “everything in my power” to protect “everyone in our extended community from your inflammatory and out-of-touch rhetoric.” Now, Sures is the regent most fervently pushing the proposal to limit what faculty can say on UC websites.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Since last fall, some faculty departments have displayed statements on their websites condemning Israel. \u003ca class=\"external\" href=\"https://cres.ucsc.edu/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">The website for UC Santa Cruz’s critical race and ethnic studies department\u003c/a>, for example, includes a statement calling on “scholars, researchers, organizers, and administrators worldwide” to take action “to end Israel’s genocidal attack on Gaza.”\u003c/p>\n\u003ch2>Involving faculty\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>UC isn’t the only university that has moved to restrict faculty from making political statements on department websites.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>At Barnard College, a private women’s liberal arts college in New York, the department of women’s, gender and sexuality studies published a statement last fall expressing solidarity with the people of Palestine. The college removed the statement and then rewrote \u003ca class=\"external\" href=\"https://docs.google.com/document/d/1MhaP7a_fTHVhFPJNkL-maX60TGFWKKxmYBsgJfECSOM/edit\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">its policy on political activity\u003c/a> to prohibit faculty departments from posting political statements on college-owned websites. The quick response \u003ca class=\"external\" href=\"https://pen.org/press-release/quiet-rewrite-of-barnard-college-policy-appears-to-be-an-effort-to-suppress-speech/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">prompted an outcry from some free speech advocates\u003c/a> who criticized the college for making the policy change without consulting faculty.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The American Association of University Professors, an organization that advocates for academic freedom, doesn’t have guidance regarding whether departments should take political positions, spokesperson Kelly Benjamin said. However, if universities are to create such policies, they should “be formulated through shared governance channels, with substantial faculty input,” Benjamin said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In that regard, UC officials have made progress since January, Soucek said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Prior to the January meeting, Soucek \u003ca class=\"external\" href=\"https://twitter.com/BRSoucek/status/1749192107376734488\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">co-authored a letter to the regents urging them to reject the policy\u003c/a> being considered at that time. Among other criticisms, Soucek wrote that the development of the policy was “sudden, opaque, and seemingly devoid of any collaboration at all” with the staff and faculty it would impact.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Following the January meeting, regents shared a revised version of the policy with Academic Senate leaders, requesting their thoughts and giving them until this Friday 15 to share that feedback.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In an interview, Soucek commended the regents for “taking a breath” and accepting feedback on the revised policy. “That’s a great thing, and that’s what they should have done from the beginning,” he said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Even with the changes to the policy, some faculty still see it as a major threat. Hong, the UC Santa Cruz professor, is concerned with the intention behind the policy, even if the latest version is less restrictive than the original.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Hong pointed out that UC’s general counsel, Charles Robinson, said during the January meeting that the policy’s intent was to “make sure that landing pages wouldn’t be associated with types of speech that the university would feel uncomfortable with.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Hong called that a “really striking disclosure,” saying that it violates the principle of academic freedom.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Whatever revisions they make, we have to address what the intention behind this policy is,” Hong said. “This is a joke of an exercise. Why are we being forced to go through this?”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Faculty also say it’s unclear how UC would enforce the policy. The revised version doesn’t define what constitutes an opinionated statement and states that the “administrator responsible for maintaining the website” will be responsible for “assuring compliance with this policy.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>To Soucek, that suggests that UC’s IT staff will manage the policy.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“That’s how it sounds,” he said. “Our IT staff has enormous expertise. For most of them, it doesn’t extend to issues of academic freedom.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Whoever is ultimately in charge of scanning the many departmental websites across UC’s 10 campuses will have a “gigantic task,” said Vernon, the UC Berkeley professor.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“And then the next question is, who’s going to enforce it once they’ve actually found someone who’s violated this policy? That is really important to have clarified,” he said.\u003c/p>\n\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>",
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"content": "\u003cp>After months of delays and technical hiccups, some colleges and universities have started to receive federal data they need to put together \u003ca href=\"https://apnews.com/article/fafsa-financial-aid-college-education-faf16cf14fb69a20e373d3ada1b63dca\">financial aid offers for incoming students\u003c/a>, the Biden administration said Monday.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The Education Department said it sent a first batch of student records to a few dozen universities on Sunday and is making final updates before expanding to more universities.[aside postID=\"news_11957693,news_11968584,news_11975534\" label=\"Related Stories\"]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The delay has cut into the time schools usually have to assemble financial aid packages before the typical May 1 deadline for students to commit to a university. Many colleges have extended enrollment deadlines as they wait on the federal government, leaving families across the nation wondering how much financial help they will get with college tuition.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The \u003ca href=\"https://apnews.com/article/fafsa-financial-aid-college-b8ee034d2198bf287c1bd909fc318477?utm_campaign=TrueAnthem&utm_medium=AP&utm_source=Twitter\">Free Application for Federal Student Aid overhaul\u003c/a> delayed the form’s usual rollout from October to late December. The department then soft-launched the new version to address lingering bugs in the system, but many families reported difficulties accessing the form.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Congress ordered the update in 2020 to simplify the notoriously complex form and expand federal student aid to more low-income students. The new application reduces the number of questions from 108 to fewer than 50, using a new and more generous formula to determine eligibility for federal student aid.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The delays have had cascading impacts across higher education. FAFSA information is used to award state and federal education grants, and schools use it to assemble financial aid packages for prospective students. In the meantime, families often have only a murky idea of how much they would need to pay, which can be a dealbreaker when choosing colleges.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Advocates fear the holdup will deter some students, especially those who were already on the fence, from pursuing higher education.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Repeated delays have become a blemish for the Biden administration, which has blamed Congress for rejecting requests for more money to overhaul information systems and update the decades-old application process.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Republicans in Congress said the Government Accountability Office has launched an investigation into the administration’s handling of the overhaul.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Every year, about 17 million students submit the FAFSA as part of their applications for financial aid. So far, 5.5 million students have been able to fill out the new FAFSA form, according to the department.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The department updated its formula to account for inflation, increasing the amount of aid students are eligible to receive. However, the initial release didn’t include the updated inflation tool.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In a letter to the department in February, over 100 Democratic lawmakers pressed for answers on how the department planned to minimize the impact the delays have had on families.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Any delays in financial aid processing will most impact the students that need aid most, including many students of color, students from mixed-status families, students from rural backgrounds, students experiencing homelessness or in foster care, first-generation students, and students from underserved communities,” they wrote. “For institutions to support students’ ability to make informed decisions about their future, they need clear guidance and resources from the Department immediately on any and all next steps.”\u003c/p>\n\n",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>After months of delays and technical hiccups, some colleges and universities have started to receive federal data they need to put together \u003ca href=\"https://apnews.com/article/fafsa-financial-aid-college-education-faf16cf14fb69a20e373d3ada1b63dca\">financial aid offers for incoming students\u003c/a>, the Biden administration said Monday.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The Education Department said it sent a first batch of student records to a few dozen universities on Sunday and is making final updates before expanding to more universities.\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The delay has cut into the time schools usually have to assemble financial aid packages before the typical May 1 deadline for students to commit to a university. Many colleges have extended enrollment deadlines as they wait on the federal government, leaving families across the nation wondering how much financial help they will get with college tuition.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The \u003ca href=\"https://apnews.com/article/fafsa-financial-aid-college-b8ee034d2198bf287c1bd909fc318477?utm_campaign=TrueAnthem&utm_medium=AP&utm_source=Twitter\">Free Application for Federal Student Aid overhaul\u003c/a> delayed the form’s usual rollout from October to late December. The department then soft-launched the new version to address lingering bugs in the system, but many families reported difficulties accessing the form.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Congress ordered the update in 2020 to simplify the notoriously complex form and expand federal student aid to more low-income students. The new application reduces the number of questions from 108 to fewer than 50, using a new and more generous formula to determine eligibility for federal student aid.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The delays have had cascading impacts across higher education. FAFSA information is used to award state and federal education grants, and schools use it to assemble financial aid packages for prospective students. In the meantime, families often have only a murky idea of how much they would need to pay, which can be a dealbreaker when choosing colleges.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Advocates fear the holdup will deter some students, especially those who were already on the fence, from pursuing higher education.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Repeated delays have become a blemish for the Biden administration, which has blamed Congress for rejecting requests for more money to overhaul information systems and update the decades-old application process.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Republicans in Congress said the Government Accountability Office has launched an investigation into the administration’s handling of the overhaul.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Every year, about 17 million students submit the FAFSA as part of their applications for financial aid. So far, 5.5 million students have been able to fill out the new FAFSA form, according to the department.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The department updated its formula to account for inflation, increasing the amount of aid students are eligible to receive. However, the initial release didn’t include the updated inflation tool.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In a letter to the department in February, over 100 Democratic lawmakers pressed for answers on how the department planned to minimize the impact the delays have had on families.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Any delays in financial aid processing will most impact the students that need aid most, including many students of color, students from mixed-status families, students from rural backgrounds, students experiencing homelessness or in foster care, first-generation students, and students from underserved communities,” they wrote. “For institutions to support students’ ability to make informed decisions about their future, they need clear guidance and resources from the Department immediately on any and all next steps.”\u003c/p>\n\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>",
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"title": "UC Berkeley Jewish Community Members March on Campus Amid Rising Tensions",
"headTitle": "UC Berkeley Jewish Community Members March on Campus Amid Rising Tensions | KQED",
"content": "\u003cp>Approximately 180 Jewish community members and students at UC Berkeley gathered on campus Monday to protest what they said were university failures to adhere to its campus access policies as well as the handling of recent claims of discrimination and harassment on campus.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The mostly mellow march follows months of high tensions between students following Hamas’ Oct. 7 attack on Israel and Israel’s ongoing assault on Gaza. It also comes on top of “dozens” of claims of discrimination from people identifying as Jewish or Muslim in the campus community made since Oct. 7, according to campus officials.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Jewish students have had to avoid harassment, have had to walk in a creek, avoid classes out of fear of going through [Sather] Gate,” said Noah Cohen, a third-year law student at UC Berkeley who helped lead the march on Monday. He and other students are seeking for the university to enforce policies around blocking the gate, a landmark on the university’s south side that spans Strawberry Creek and connects Sproul Plaza to the rest of campus.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>For nearly four weeks, members of Graduate Students for Justice in Palestine have placed caution tape and erected a sign at the gate calling attention to the more than 29,000 Palestinians who have been killed by Israeli air strikes and other violence since Oct. 7, according to the Gaza Health Ministry.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The sign covers the central opening of the gate, but two side walkways remain open. University officials confirmed to KQED that the group never fully blocked the thoroughfare.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“In no way are we against free speech or protests, but we are against the university permitting violating those policies when it comes at the expense of Jewish students,” Cohen said, arguing that the group violated policies against blocking the gate and playing loud noise.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The demonstration did previously violate university protest rules against affixing a sign directly to the gate and amplifying sound, according to UC Berkeley spokesman Dan Mogulof. But by Monday, the sign was no longer affixed to the gate, and the noise issue had been resolved, he said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>At the same time, the university also maintains a policy to prioritize avoiding conflict in the course of nonviolent civil disobedience rather than emphasizing enforcement of campus rules, which arose following student protests in 2008.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“That is the policy and practice that we follow with every group that engages with nonviolent protest,” Mogulof said. “We have been making efforts to end those aspects of the nonviolent protest at Sather Gate that violate those restrictions.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11978963\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 2000px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-full wp-image-11978963\" src=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/03/240311-JEWISHPROTEST-JY-13-KQED.jpg\" alt=\"A group of people stand near each other in front of an ornate gateway.\" width=\"2000\" height=\"1333\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/03/240311-JEWISHPROTEST-JY-13-KQED.jpg 2000w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/03/240311-JEWISHPROTEST-JY-13-KQED-800x533.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/03/240311-JEWISHPROTEST-JY-13-KQED-1020x680.jpg 1020w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/03/240311-JEWISHPROTEST-JY-13-KQED-160x107.jpg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/03/240311-JEWISHPROTEST-JY-13-KQED-1536x1024.jpg 1536w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/03/240311-JEWISHPROTEST-JY-13-KQED-1920x1280.jpg 1920w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 2000px) 100vw, 2000px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Jewish UC Berkeley students, faculty and community members stand in lines in front of Sather Gate on Monday. The group attempted to block foot traffic to protest what they said were ongoing blockages by pro-Palestinian protesters, stating that the university had not been enforcing its policy of keeping the path clear. \u003ccite>(Juliana Yamada/KQED)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>On Monday, Ethan Katz, director of the UC-Berkeley Center for Jewish Studies, addressed the crowd after a bagel brunch in front of Zellerbach Playhouse before protesters started the silent march at noon.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“UC-Berkeley Jewish students and our allies insist that this campus be a safe and harassment-free environment for all of us,” Hannah Schlachter, a student at the Haas School of Business who organized the march, said in an email after the event ended.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Over at Sather Gate, pro-Palestinian students held a banner that read, “Today is the first day of Ramadan. Israel and the U.S. are starving 2.2. million. Gazans have nothing to break their fast with.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Banan Abdelrahman, a graduate student at UC Berkeley, was holding the sign with fellow supporters on Monday. She said the group’s goal is to draw attention to ongoing violence against Palestinians and to put pressure on campus officials to divest from companies like BlackRock, which invests in weapons producers like Lockheed Martin and Boeing.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Both sides of the gate are freely open. A full blockade is what’s in Gaza, where you don’t let anything in. This is not a blockade,” Abdelrahman told KQED. “We make sure the sides are open to make sure our community is able to pass through and walk freely and is ADA compliant.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11978960\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 2000px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-full wp-image-11978960\" src=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/03/240311-JEWISHPROTEST-JY-05-KQED.jpg\" alt=\"A sign blocks passage through an ornate gateway.\" width=\"2000\" height=\"1333\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/03/240311-JEWISHPROTEST-JY-05-KQED.jpg 2000w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/03/240311-JEWISHPROTEST-JY-05-KQED-800x533.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/03/240311-JEWISHPROTEST-JY-05-KQED-1020x680.jpg 1020w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/03/240311-JEWISHPROTEST-JY-05-KQED-160x107.jpg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/03/240311-JEWISHPROTEST-JY-05-KQED-1536x1024.jpg 1536w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/03/240311-JEWISHPROTEST-JY-05-KQED-1920x1280.jpg 1920w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 2000px) 100vw, 2000px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">A large pro-Palestine banner held by students blocks the central entrance to Sather Gate on the Berkeley campus on Monday. The banner reads, ‘Today is the first day of Ramadan. Israel and the U.S. are starving 2.2. million. Gazans have nothing to break their fast with.’ Walkways through the gate on either side of the banner remain open. \u003ccite>(Juliana Yamada/KQED)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Things escalated on Feb. 26 when a group of pro-Palestinian students protested a talk by Israeli attorney and former Israeli Defense Forces member Ran Bar-Yoshafat. Students opposing the speaking event criticized Bar-Yoshafat for promoting violence against Palestinians and for spreading “propaganda,” the student newspaper \u003cem>The Daily Californian\u003c/em> reported.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[aside label='Related Coverage' tag='gaza']But the event was shut down before Bar-Yoshafat spoke. Nearly 200 protesters crowded the entrances of Zellerbach Playhouse, where the talk was set to take place after being moved at the last minute from Wheeler Hall. The university sent out a WarnMe notification to the entire campus community about the protest activity. It has subsequently opened up a criminal investigation into the protest.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“This university has a long history of commitment to and support for nonviolent political protest that respects the First Amendment rights of others,” UC Berkeley Chancellor Carol Christ wrote to the campus community on March 4. “That is not what occurred on Feb. 26. It was not peaceful civil disobedience. We condemn it in the strongest possible terms.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The message didn’t appease some students, regardless of whether they were protesting or supporting the event on Feb. 26.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Repeatedly, she said she was concerned and dismayed, but nothing has happened,” Cohen said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Mogulof said the campus administration is “aware and is concerned about rising tensions on campus.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11978967\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 2000px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-full wp-image-11978967\" src=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/03/240311-JEWISHPROTEST-JY-22-KQED.jpg\" alt='A person stands in an outdoor setting in front of a large group of people holding a sign that reads \"Jews Against Genocide in Palestine\".' width=\"2000\" height=\"1333\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/03/240311-JEWISHPROTEST-JY-22-KQED.jpg 2000w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/03/240311-JEWISHPROTEST-JY-22-KQED-800x533.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/03/240311-JEWISHPROTEST-JY-22-KQED-1020x680.jpg 1020w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/03/240311-JEWISHPROTEST-JY-22-KQED-160x107.jpg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/03/240311-JEWISHPROTEST-JY-22-KQED-1536x1024.jpg 1536w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/03/240311-JEWISHPROTEST-JY-22-KQED-1920x1280.jpg 1920w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 2000px) 100vw, 2000px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Berkeley resident Laurie Winestock holds a sign stating her support for Palestine as Jewish UC Berkeley students, faculty and community members rally on campus on Monday. \u003ccite>(Juliana Yamada/KQED)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Pro-Palestinian student groups were invited to speak with Chancellor Christ on Monday. Students declined the opportunity because they said they are seeking a commitment around divestment, which the Chancellor has yet to signal any openness to. In 2018, all 10 UC chancellors signed on to a letter opposing an academic boycott of Israel.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Unless she is willing to take tangible steps toward divestment, there is nothing we can tell her that she hasn’t heard before,” Abdelrahman said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Meanwhile, the U.S. Department of Education has opened up a separate inquiry into possible discrimination based on ancestry on UC Berkeley’s campus.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“We recognize and are responding to the unavoidable challenges that arise when groups with strongly held and conflicting views exercise their First Amendment rights,” Mogulof said, “rights that we are compelled to uphold.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>KQED’s Sara Hossaini contributed to this story.\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad floatright]\u003c/p>\n",
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"excerpt": "About 180 Jewish community members and students at UC Berkeley marched on Monday to protest what they said were university failures to adhere to campus policies as well as the handling of recent claims of discrimination and harassment on campus.",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>Approximately 180 Jewish community members and students at UC Berkeley gathered on campus Monday to protest what they said were university failures to adhere to its campus access policies as well as the handling of recent claims of discrimination and harassment on campus.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The mostly mellow march follows months of high tensions between students following Hamas’ Oct. 7 attack on Israel and Israel’s ongoing assault on Gaza. It also comes on top of “dozens” of claims of discrimination from people identifying as Jewish or Muslim in the campus community made since Oct. 7, according to campus officials.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Jewish students have had to avoid harassment, have had to walk in a creek, avoid classes out of fear of going through [Sather] Gate,” said Noah Cohen, a third-year law student at UC Berkeley who helped lead the march on Monday. He and other students are seeking for the university to enforce policies around blocking the gate, a landmark on the university’s south side that spans Strawberry Creek and connects Sproul Plaza to the rest of campus.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>For nearly four weeks, members of Graduate Students for Justice in Palestine have placed caution tape and erected a sign at the gate calling attention to the more than 29,000 Palestinians who have been killed by Israeli air strikes and other violence since Oct. 7, according to the Gaza Health Ministry.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The sign covers the central opening of the gate, but two side walkways remain open. University officials confirmed to KQED that the group never fully blocked the thoroughfare.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“In no way are we against free speech or protests, but we are against the university permitting violating those policies when it comes at the expense of Jewish students,” Cohen said, arguing that the group violated policies against blocking the gate and playing loud noise.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The demonstration did previously violate university protest rules against affixing a sign directly to the gate and amplifying sound, according to UC Berkeley spokesman Dan Mogulof. But by Monday, the sign was no longer affixed to the gate, and the noise issue had been resolved, he said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>At the same time, the university also maintains a policy to prioritize avoiding conflict in the course of nonviolent civil disobedience rather than emphasizing enforcement of campus rules, which arose following student protests in 2008.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“That is the policy and practice that we follow with every group that engages with nonviolent protest,” Mogulof said. “We have been making efforts to end those aspects of the nonviolent protest at Sather Gate that violate those restrictions.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11978963\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 2000px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-full wp-image-11978963\" src=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/03/240311-JEWISHPROTEST-JY-13-KQED.jpg\" alt=\"A group of people stand near each other in front of an ornate gateway.\" width=\"2000\" height=\"1333\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/03/240311-JEWISHPROTEST-JY-13-KQED.jpg 2000w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/03/240311-JEWISHPROTEST-JY-13-KQED-800x533.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/03/240311-JEWISHPROTEST-JY-13-KQED-1020x680.jpg 1020w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/03/240311-JEWISHPROTEST-JY-13-KQED-160x107.jpg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/03/240311-JEWISHPROTEST-JY-13-KQED-1536x1024.jpg 1536w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/03/240311-JEWISHPROTEST-JY-13-KQED-1920x1280.jpg 1920w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 2000px) 100vw, 2000px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Jewish UC Berkeley students, faculty and community members stand in lines in front of Sather Gate on Monday. The group attempted to block foot traffic to protest what they said were ongoing blockages by pro-Palestinian protesters, stating that the university had not been enforcing its policy of keeping the path clear. \u003ccite>(Juliana Yamada/KQED)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>On Monday, Ethan Katz, director of the UC-Berkeley Center for Jewish Studies, addressed the crowd after a bagel brunch in front of Zellerbach Playhouse before protesters started the silent march at noon.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“UC-Berkeley Jewish students and our allies insist that this campus be a safe and harassment-free environment for all of us,” Hannah Schlachter, a student at the Haas School of Business who organized the march, said in an email after the event ended.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Over at Sather Gate, pro-Palestinian students held a banner that read, “Today is the first day of Ramadan. Israel and the U.S. are starving 2.2. million. Gazans have nothing to break their fast with.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Banan Abdelrahman, a graduate student at UC Berkeley, was holding the sign with fellow supporters on Monday. She said the group’s goal is to draw attention to ongoing violence against Palestinians and to put pressure on campus officials to divest from companies like BlackRock, which invests in weapons producers like Lockheed Martin and Boeing.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Both sides of the gate are freely open. A full blockade is what’s in Gaza, where you don’t let anything in. This is not a blockade,” Abdelrahman told KQED. “We make sure the sides are open to make sure our community is able to pass through and walk freely and is ADA compliant.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11978960\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 2000px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-full wp-image-11978960\" src=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/03/240311-JEWISHPROTEST-JY-05-KQED.jpg\" alt=\"A sign blocks passage through an ornate gateway.\" width=\"2000\" height=\"1333\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/03/240311-JEWISHPROTEST-JY-05-KQED.jpg 2000w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/03/240311-JEWISHPROTEST-JY-05-KQED-800x533.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/03/240311-JEWISHPROTEST-JY-05-KQED-1020x680.jpg 1020w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/03/240311-JEWISHPROTEST-JY-05-KQED-160x107.jpg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/03/240311-JEWISHPROTEST-JY-05-KQED-1536x1024.jpg 1536w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/03/240311-JEWISHPROTEST-JY-05-KQED-1920x1280.jpg 1920w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 2000px) 100vw, 2000px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">A large pro-Palestine banner held by students blocks the central entrance to Sather Gate on the Berkeley campus on Monday. The banner reads, ‘Today is the first day of Ramadan. Israel and the U.S. are starving 2.2. million. Gazans have nothing to break their fast with.’ Walkways through the gate on either side of the banner remain open. \u003ccite>(Juliana Yamada/KQED)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Things escalated on Feb. 26 when a group of pro-Palestinian students protested a talk by Israeli attorney and former Israeli Defense Forces member Ran Bar-Yoshafat. Students opposing the speaking event criticized Bar-Yoshafat for promoting violence against Palestinians and for spreading “propaganda,” the student newspaper \u003cem>The Daily Californian\u003c/em> reported.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>But the event was shut down before Bar-Yoshafat spoke. Nearly 200 protesters crowded the entrances of Zellerbach Playhouse, where the talk was set to take place after being moved at the last minute from Wheeler Hall. The university sent out a WarnMe notification to the entire campus community about the protest activity. It has subsequently opened up a criminal investigation into the protest.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“This university has a long history of commitment to and support for nonviolent political protest that respects the First Amendment rights of others,” UC Berkeley Chancellor Carol Christ wrote to the campus community on March 4. “That is not what occurred on Feb. 26. It was not peaceful civil disobedience. We condemn it in the strongest possible terms.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The message didn’t appease some students, regardless of whether they were protesting or supporting the event on Feb. 26.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Repeatedly, she said she was concerned and dismayed, but nothing has happened,” Cohen said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Mogulof said the campus administration is “aware and is concerned about rising tensions on campus.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11978967\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 2000px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-full wp-image-11978967\" src=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/03/240311-JEWISHPROTEST-JY-22-KQED.jpg\" alt='A person stands in an outdoor setting in front of a large group of people holding a sign that reads \"Jews Against Genocide in Palestine\".' width=\"2000\" height=\"1333\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/03/240311-JEWISHPROTEST-JY-22-KQED.jpg 2000w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/03/240311-JEWISHPROTEST-JY-22-KQED-800x533.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/03/240311-JEWISHPROTEST-JY-22-KQED-1020x680.jpg 1020w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/03/240311-JEWISHPROTEST-JY-22-KQED-160x107.jpg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/03/240311-JEWISHPROTEST-JY-22-KQED-1536x1024.jpg 1536w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/03/240311-JEWISHPROTEST-JY-22-KQED-1920x1280.jpg 1920w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 2000px) 100vw, 2000px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Berkeley resident Laurie Winestock holds a sign stating her support for Palestine as Jewish UC Berkeley students, faculty and community members rally on campus on Monday. \u003ccite>(Juliana Yamada/KQED)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Pro-Palestinian student groups were invited to speak with Chancellor Christ on Monday. Students declined the opportunity because they said they are seeking a commitment around divestment, which the Chancellor has yet to signal any openness to. In 2018, all 10 UC chancellors signed on to a letter opposing an academic boycott of Israel.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Unless she is willing to take tangible steps toward divestment, there is nothing we can tell her that she hasn’t heard before,” Abdelrahman said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Meanwhile, the U.S. Department of Education has opened up a separate inquiry into possible discrimination based on ancestry on UC Berkeley’s campus.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“We recognize and are responding to the unavoidable challenges that arise when groups with strongly held and conflicting views exercise their First Amendment rights,” Mogulof said, “rights that we are compelled to uphold.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>KQED’s Sara Hossaini contributed to this story.\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"slug": "sacramento-gave-a-homeless-camp-a-lease-as-an-experiment-heres-what-happened",
"title": "City-Sanctioned Homeless Camp in Sacramento Now Under Threat of Prosecution. What Went Wrong",
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"headTitle": "City-Sanctioned Homeless Camp in Sacramento Now Under Threat of Prosecution. What Went Wrong | KQED",
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"content": "\u003cp>When Sacramento changed its plan to demolish a homeless encampment on a vacant lot on Colfax Street, instead offering the unhoused occupants a lease, activists and camp residents celebrated it as a win.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The first-of-its-kind deal, which allows the camp to remain in place and govern itself without city interference, was held up as a model Sacramento could replicate at future sites. Other cities, including San Jose, have said they’re considering similar models, putting the success or failure of this encampment under the microscope.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>A year later, Sacramento has not managed to reproduce the concept and has no plans to. Residents of the camp, who lack electricity or running water, complain they feel forgotten. And the county district attorney, claiming the site threatens public safety, has demanded the city clear the camp or risk prosecution.[pullquote size=\"medium\" align=\"right\" citation=\"Eric Tars, senior policy director, National Homelessness Law Center\"]‘When individuals in these encampments have a sense of ownership, then it can really lead to the camp being a place that they take pride in and that they are trying to keep in as good condition as possible.’[/pullquote]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Those troubles highlight the logistical and ethical dilemmas that come with setting aside outdoor spaces for unhoused residents to go when there \u003ca href=\"https://calmatters.org/housing/homelessness/2023/09/california-homeless-camps/\">aren’t enough beds indoors\u003c/a>. And it comes at a time when officials across the state increasingly are turning to this last-ditch solution as they face \u003ca href=\"https://calmatters.org/housing/2023/04/california-homeless-city-laws/\">mounting pressure to clear encampments\u003c/a> away from sidewalks, parks, schools and other high-traffic public areas.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“The fact that people have a place where they can legally exist and not be threatened with arrest, not be run off and have to lose their belongings, where they can go to the bathroom with dignity, where there’s trash pickup so they don’t have to live in a place where there’s trash all over, where service providers can find them regularly and they aren’t going to lose contact with people as they work their way to housing — those are all good things,” said Eric Tars, senior policy director of the National Homelessness Law Center. “But it would be even better if they were doing them indoors.”\u003c/p>\n\u003ch2>They got a lease, and they make their own rules\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>Camp Resolution, as the Sacramento camp is known, was started in 2022 by Sharon and Joyce Jones — a married couple in their 50s who found themselves unhoused for the first time late in life. More than four-dozen people now live there, some in new-looking Bullet trailers provided by the city, and others in cars, tents and more dilapidated trailers and RVs.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11978871\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 2000px\">\u003ca href=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/03/022824_Self-Governed-City_FG_01.jpg\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-full wp-image-11978871\" src=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/03/022824_Self-Governed-City_FG_01.jpg\" alt=\"Two women wearing hats and jeans uses a water bottle to water plants in a garden outside.\" width=\"2000\" height=\"1333\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/03/022824_Self-Governed-City_FG_01.jpg 2000w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/03/022824_Self-Governed-City_FG_01-800x533.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/03/022824_Self-Governed-City_FG_01-1020x680.jpg 1020w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/03/022824_Self-Governed-City_FG_01-160x107.jpg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/03/022824_Self-Governed-City_FG_01-1536x1024.jpg 1536w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/03/022824_Self-Governed-City_FG_01-1920x1280.jpg 1920w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 2000px) 100vw, 2000px\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Joyce (l) and Sharon Jones poke holes in a water bottle to water their garden next to their trailer at Camp Resolution, a “self-governed” homeless camp on city-owned land in Sacramento, February 28, 2024. The camp has no running water so residents have to rely on bottled water for all of their needs. \u003ccite>(Fred Greaves/CalMatters)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Some residents have taken pains to make it more homey: Two potted plants hang from the hitch of one trailer, chickens roam the lot, and Sharon and Joyce are putting in a garden, using pallets to make raised planter beds.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“We try to make it as comfortable as possible, but sometimes it’s impossible,” Joyce said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[aside postID=\"news_11972519,news_11977464,news_11947567\" label=\"Related Stories\"]Shortly after Joyce and her community occupied the city-owned, formerly vacant lot in 2022, city workers determined the camp was unsafe and needed to be demolished — as often happens in Sacramento and throughout California. But that’s where the story takes an unusual turn. Residents of the camp and their supporters showed up in force to a city council meeting and persuaded council members to delay the sweep. About six months later, the city signed a \u003ca href=\"https://calmatters.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/03/camp_resolution_lease.pdf\">lease allowing the camp to remain\u003c/a> in place.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The lease, which advocacy group Safe Ground Sacramento signed on behalf of the Camp Resolution residents, was an experiment. Generally, similar programs are run by nonprofits contracted by a city. They often impose curfews, no-guest policies, sobriety requirements and other rules on residents. In exchange, they offer social services such as counseling or help finding permanent housing, and amenities such as showers and bathrooms.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“They don’t think people experiencing homelessness are capable of governing themselves,” Tars said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Camp Resolution is different. Safe Ground Sacramento, which leases the property from the city for free, takes a hands-off approach that lets residents run the camp and write their own rules. The city gave the residents a handful of residential trailers, set up portable toilets and a hand-washing station, and provided dumpsters and ongoing trash pickup. But that’s it.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Many activist groups laud that model as a best practice, saying it’s important to let the residents run or at least help run their own camp.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“When individuals in these encampments have a sense of ownership, then it can really lead to the camp being a place that they take pride in and that they are trying to keep in as good condition as possible,” Tars said. “It gives a sense of responsibility to others in that community.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>It also means minimal overhead for the city: The trailers provided to Camp Resolution residents came from the Federal Emergency Management Agency at no cost to the city of Sacramento, and adding the camp to the city’s existing contract for trash pickup didn’t add any additional expense.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But in the case of Camp Resolution, it also means residents are left to fend for themselves. The city doesn’t provide electricity or running water. Community members donate food, some residents have generators, and a nonprofit used to bring a trailer with showers every other Sunday — but they recently stopped.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“It’s not going very well,” Joyce said. “I think that (the city) should do a little bit more.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11978874\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 2000px\">\u003ca href=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/03/022824_Self-Governed-City_FG_14.jpg\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-full wp-image-11978874\" src=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/03/022824_Self-Governed-City_FG_14.jpg\" alt=\"A woman wearing a visor, a light sleeveless top, and jean shorts crouches down to wash dishes outside by a row of RVs and debris.\" width=\"2000\" height=\"1333\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/03/022824_Self-Governed-City_FG_14.jpg 2000w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/03/022824_Self-Governed-City_FG_14-800x533.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/03/022824_Self-Governed-City_FG_14-1020x680.jpg 1020w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/03/022824_Self-Governed-City_FG_14-160x107.jpg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/03/022824_Self-Governed-City_FG_14-1536x1024.jpg 1536w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/03/022824_Self-Governed-City_FG_14-1920x1280.jpg 1920w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 2000px) 100vw, 2000px\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Jeanne Gillis uses tubs to wash dishes next to her trailer at Camp Resolution, a “self-governed” homeless camp on city-owned land in Sacramento, on Feb. 28, 2024. \u003ccite>(Fred Greaves/CalMatters)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>The Camp Resolution lease says the city would provide up to 33 trailers. Residents ended up receiving just 16. But 51 people live at the camp, meaning some people sleep in tents, in their cars, or in dilapidated trailers and RVs that leak in the rain and have sprouted mold.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The city wouldn’t comment on the trailers — or anything else — citing a pending threat of prosecution from the county District Attorney’s Office. City officials recently sent 40 trailers to a \u003ca href=\"https://sacramentocityexpress.com/2024/01/05/city-to-open-new-shelter-and-service-campus-for-people-experiencing-homelessness/\">new safe sleeping site they opened on Roseville Road\u003c/a>, which also has plumbed toilets and showers.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Several of the Camp Resolution residents are elderly, and some have serious medical issues that make living without reliable power and water difficult. One woman, who recently turned 60, is on dialysis and gets around on an electric mobility scooter that she leaves parked outside her trailer.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Most of the residents are women, some of whom wouldn’t feel safe on the streets by themselves. Jeanne Gillis, 53, was cooking ground turkey over an open flame outside her trailer on a recent Wednesday. Gillis, who used to work as a medical patients’ advocate, lost her housing two years ago when she got sick with lupus and could no longer work. She’d never been unhoused before and didn’t know what to do — so Sharon and Joyce took her under their wing. Now she’s part of their tight-knit community.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11978873\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 2000px\">\u003ca href=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/03/022824_Self-Governed-City_FG_11.jpg\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-full wp-image-11978873\" src=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/03/022824_Self-Governed-City_FG_11.jpg\" alt=\"A woman wearing a visor, a light sleeveless top, and jean shorts holds a utensil to cook food on a grill outside with an RV and water bottles around.\" width=\"2000\" height=\"1333\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/03/022824_Self-Governed-City_FG_11.jpg 2000w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/03/022824_Self-Governed-City_FG_11-800x533.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/03/022824_Self-Governed-City_FG_11-1020x680.jpg 1020w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/03/022824_Self-Governed-City_FG_11-160x107.jpg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/03/022824_Self-Governed-City_FG_11-1536x1024.jpg 1536w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/03/022824_Self-Governed-City_FG_11-1920x1280.jpg 1920w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 2000px) 100vw, 2000px\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Jeanne Gillis cooks ground turkey over a wood fire next to her trailer at Camp Resolution, a “self-governed” homeless camp on city-owned land in Sacramento, on Feb. 28, 2024. Residents have to rely on bottled water, generators and wood fires because no utilities are provided at the camp. \u003ccite>(Fred Greaves/CalMatters)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>“Thank God for everybody. Because it’s hard,” she said, tearing up. “I don’t think I’d be here if it wasn’t for everybody.”\u003c/p>\n\u003ch2>Camp Resolution faces legal threat\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>Camp Resolution also faces an outside threat — \u003ca href=\"https://www.kcra.com/article/sacramento-county-da-letter-threatens-criminal-charges-over-camp-resolution-site/45853185\">Sacramento County District Attorney Thien Ho has demanded\u003c/a> that the city close the camp. His office \u003ca href=\"https://calmatters.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/03/sacramento_county_district_attorney_s_office_letter.pdf\">sent a letter\u003c/a> to the city and Safe Ground Sacramento in November, labeling the site a public health hazard. The site is contaminated by toxic chemicals left over from when it was used as a vehicle maintenance yard and held underground storage tanks for diesel and gasoline, he said. It’s not safe to camp on the contaminated soil, according to his letter. But only half of the site is paved, while the other half is bare dirt — and people live on both sides.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Ho’s office did not set a specific deadline for the city to clear the encampment, leaving it unclear exactly what, if anything, would come of his threat.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>When asked about Ho’s next steps, Sonia Martinez Satchell, a spokesperson for the District Attorney’s Office, indicated prosecution is still on the table.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“To date, the City has failed to move the unhoused off this toxic waste site,” she said in an emailed statement. “We will not waiver from our commitment to protect public safety for all. As outlined in our letter, all available actions and recourse remain available.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But camp residents and the advocates working with them say they’ve heard nothing but silence from the District Attorney’s Office since the November letter. That means the fate of those living at Camp Resolution is still up in the air.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Tim Swanson, spokesman for the City Manager’s Office, said the city can’t comment on any aspect of Camp Resolution because of the pending threat of prosecution.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Sharon and Joyce aren’t concerned — they claim the camp isn’t on the portion of the site that’s contaminated. Ho’s letter is just an excuse to try to kick them off the property, they said.\u003c/p>\n\u003ch2>Sanctioned homeless encampments in California\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>Faced with a massive shortage of affordable homes, desperate city officials across California are considering opening places where unhoused people can legally set up tents. The move could give them more power to clear encampments from around parks, schools, downtown zones and other high-profile areas. That’s because unless cities have somewhere for displaced unhoused residents to go, the 2018 appellate case \u003ca href=\"https://law.justia.com/cases/federal/appellate-courts/ca9/15-35845/15-35845-2018-09-04.html\">Martin v. Boise\u003c/a> limits the extent to which they can clear encampments. That could change soon, as the \u003ca href=\"https://calmatters.org/housing/homelessness/2024/01/homeless-camp-scotus/\">Supreme Court has agreed\u003c/a> to take up the case and will hear arguments next month. But for now, cities’ hands remain largely tied if they lack enough shelter beds.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"https://www.kpbs.org/news/local/2023/07/31/san-diegos-unsafe-camping-ordinance-enforcement-begins\">San Diego recently passed an ordinance\u003c/a> banning encampments in much of the city. As the city ramped up enforcement, it \u003ca href=\"https://www.sandiego.gov/homelessness-strategies-and-solutions/services/safe-sleeping-program\">opened two sanctioned campsites\u003c/a> that together can hold more than 500 tents.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>After the city \u003ca href=\"https://www.mercurynews.com/2021/05/19/why-san-jose-leaders-say-sanctioned-tent-sites-for-unhoused-residents-wont-work-here/\">rejected the idea\u003c/a> three years ago, \u003ca href=\"https://www.mercurynews.com/2023/12/12/san-jose-considering-sanctioned-encampments-as-interim-options-face-long-wait-lines-timelines/\">San Jose Mayor Matt Mahan recently said \u003c/a>he’s considering opening similar sites.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Safe sleeping sites take many different forms — and have a range of price tags. In August, after the city stalled in its attempts to open safe sleeping sites, Sacramento City Manager Howard Chan single-handedly tried to identify locations for the projects. He initially said Camp Resolution could be a model for future sites — because it cost the city so little to run, it would allow the city to open more sites than if they used more expensive models.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Instead, the city in January launched \u003ca href=\"https://sacramentocityexpress.com/2024/01/05/city-to-open-new-shelter-and-service-campus-for-people-experiencing-homelessness/\">its next safe sleeping site, on Roseville Road\u003c/a>, with more services, more oversight and a greater cost — $3.2 million per year. The site has 60 rudimentary tiny homes and 40 trailers and is governed by a nonprofit contracted through the city.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But, due to an anticipated budget shortfall for the coming fiscal year, the city has no plans to launch additional safe sleeping sites, Swanson said. At a committee meeting last month, city staff predicted that by next year, \u003ca href=\"https://sacramento.granicus.com/MetaViewer.php?view_id=38&clip_id=5832&meta_id=767774\">the city’s budget for homeless services would be short $11 million\u003c/a>. By the 2025-26 fiscal year, they expected to be short nearly $39 million.\u003c/p>\n\u003ch3 id=\"h-life-at-camp-resolution\" class=\"wp-block-heading\">Life at Camp Resolution\u003c/h3>\n\u003cp>There are about 800 people on the waitlist to get into Camp Resolution, according to Sharon and Joyce. Only six people from the camp have moved out and into permanent housing, they said. Just on the other side of the gate that separates Camp Resolution from the rest of the world, a group of people live in a cluster of cars parked haphazardly on the side of the road. Across the street, someone has erected a makeshift shack. RVs that serve as stand-in homes line the road.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Inside the gate, Sharon and Joyce tend to have the ultimate say in what goes, though there’s also a council that meets on Thursday evenings to discuss camp issues. Things don’t always go smoothly.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11978875\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 2000px\">\u003ca href=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/03/022824_Self-Governed-City_FG_27.jpg\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-full wp-image-11978875\" src=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/03/022824_Self-Governed-City_FG_27.jpg\" alt=\"An aerial view of several RVs.\" width=\"2000\" height=\"1333\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/03/022824_Self-Governed-City_FG_27.jpg 2000w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/03/022824_Self-Governed-City_FG_27-800x533.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/03/022824_Self-Governed-City_FG_27-1020x680.jpg 1020w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/03/022824_Self-Governed-City_FG_27-160x107.jpg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/03/022824_Self-Governed-City_FG_27-1536x1024.jpg 1536w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/03/022824_Self-Governed-City_FG_27-1920x1280.jpg 1920w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 2000px) 100vw, 2000px\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">An aerial view looking west of Camp Resolution, a “self-governed” homeless camp on city-owned land in Sacramento, on Feb. 28, 2024. To the left of the camp is Arden Way and at the bottom of the frame is Colfax St. \u003ccite>(Fred Greaves/CalMatters)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Last year a neighbor’s dogs attacked Sharon and sent her to the hospital with multiple bite injuries. That led to new rules at the camp about pets. But Sharon and Joyce say it’s hard to actually enforce the rules they impose.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“We need more structure,” Sharon said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>As they showed off the different parts of their community, Sharon and Joyce expressed disapproval of a trash pile in the middle of the camp.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“That can go in the trash can,” Joyce said. It didn’t take long. A few minutes later, residents could be seen picking up the garbage and carrying it to a nearby dumpster.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad floatright]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>CalMatters Capitol reporter \u003ca href=\"https://calmatters.org/author/jeanne-kuang/\">Jeanne Kuang\u003c/a> contributed to this story.\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\n",
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"excerpt": "Camp Resolution, a completely self-governed, city-sanctioned homeless encampment, was supposed to be a model Sacramento could copy for future sites. That didn’t happen, and now it’s under threat of prosecution.",
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"title": "City-Sanctioned Homeless Camp in Sacramento Now Under Threat of Prosecution. What Went Wrong | KQED",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>When Sacramento changed its plan to demolish a homeless encampment on a vacant lot on Colfax Street, instead offering the unhoused occupants a lease, activists and camp residents celebrated it as a win.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The first-of-its-kind deal, which allows the camp to remain in place and govern itself without city interference, was held up as a model Sacramento could replicate at future sites. Other cities, including San Jose, have said they’re considering similar models, putting the success or failure of this encampment under the microscope.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>A year later, Sacramento has not managed to reproduce the concept and has no plans to. Residents of the camp, who lack electricity or running water, complain they feel forgotten. And the county district attorney, claiming the site threatens public safety, has demanded the city clear the camp or risk prosecution.\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "‘When individuals in these encampments have a sense of ownership, then it can really lead to the camp being a place that they take pride in and that they are trying to keep in as good condition as possible.’",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Those troubles highlight the logistical and ethical dilemmas that come with setting aside outdoor spaces for unhoused residents to go when there \u003ca href=\"https://calmatters.org/housing/homelessness/2023/09/california-homeless-camps/\">aren’t enough beds indoors\u003c/a>. And it comes at a time when officials across the state increasingly are turning to this last-ditch solution as they face \u003ca href=\"https://calmatters.org/housing/2023/04/california-homeless-city-laws/\">mounting pressure to clear encampments\u003c/a> away from sidewalks, parks, schools and other high-traffic public areas.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“The fact that people have a place where they can legally exist and not be threatened with arrest, not be run off and have to lose their belongings, where they can go to the bathroom with dignity, where there’s trash pickup so they don’t have to live in a place where there’s trash all over, where service providers can find them regularly and they aren’t going to lose contact with people as they work their way to housing — those are all good things,” said Eric Tars, senior policy director of the National Homelessness Law Center. “But it would be even better if they were doing them indoors.”\u003c/p>\n\u003ch2>They got a lease, and they make their own rules\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>Camp Resolution, as the Sacramento camp is known, was started in 2022 by Sharon and Joyce Jones — a married couple in their 50s who found themselves unhoused for the first time late in life. More than four-dozen people now live there, some in new-looking Bullet trailers provided by the city, and others in cars, tents and more dilapidated trailers and RVs.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11978871\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 2000px\">\u003ca href=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/03/022824_Self-Governed-City_FG_01.jpg\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-full wp-image-11978871\" src=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/03/022824_Self-Governed-City_FG_01.jpg\" alt=\"Two women wearing hats and jeans uses a water bottle to water plants in a garden outside.\" width=\"2000\" height=\"1333\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/03/022824_Self-Governed-City_FG_01.jpg 2000w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/03/022824_Self-Governed-City_FG_01-800x533.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/03/022824_Self-Governed-City_FG_01-1020x680.jpg 1020w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/03/022824_Self-Governed-City_FG_01-160x107.jpg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/03/022824_Self-Governed-City_FG_01-1536x1024.jpg 1536w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/03/022824_Self-Governed-City_FG_01-1920x1280.jpg 1920w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 2000px) 100vw, 2000px\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Joyce (l) and Sharon Jones poke holes in a water bottle to water their garden next to their trailer at Camp Resolution, a “self-governed” homeless camp on city-owned land in Sacramento, February 28, 2024. The camp has no running water so residents have to rely on bottled water for all of their needs. \u003ccite>(Fred Greaves/CalMatters)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Some residents have taken pains to make it more homey: Two potted plants hang from the hitch of one trailer, chickens roam the lot, and Sharon and Joyce are putting in a garden, using pallets to make raised planter beds.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>Shortly after Joyce and her community occupied the city-owned, formerly vacant lot in 2022, city workers determined the camp was unsafe and needed to be demolished — as often happens in Sacramento and throughout California. But that’s where the story takes an unusual turn. Residents of the camp and their supporters showed up in force to a city council meeting and persuaded council members to delay the sweep. About six months later, the city signed a \u003ca href=\"https://calmatters.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/03/camp_resolution_lease.pdf\">lease allowing the camp to remain\u003c/a> in place.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The lease, which advocacy group Safe Ground Sacramento signed on behalf of the Camp Resolution residents, was an experiment. Generally, similar programs are run by nonprofits contracted by a city. They often impose curfews, no-guest policies, sobriety requirements and other rules on residents. In exchange, they offer social services such as counseling or help finding permanent housing, and amenities such as showers and bathrooms.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“They don’t think people experiencing homelessness are capable of governing themselves,” Tars said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Camp Resolution is different. Safe Ground Sacramento, which leases the property from the city for free, takes a hands-off approach that lets residents run the camp and write their own rules. The city gave the residents a handful of residential trailers, set up portable toilets and a hand-washing station, and provided dumpsters and ongoing trash pickup. But that’s it.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Many activist groups laud that model as a best practice, saying it’s important to let the residents run or at least help run their own camp.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“When individuals in these encampments have a sense of ownership, then it can really lead to the camp being a place that they take pride in and that they are trying to keep in as good condition as possible,” Tars said. “It gives a sense of responsibility to others in that community.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>It also means minimal overhead for the city: The trailers provided to Camp Resolution residents came from the Federal Emergency Management Agency at no cost to the city of Sacramento, and adding the camp to the city’s existing contract for trash pickup didn’t add any additional expense.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But in the case of Camp Resolution, it also means residents are left to fend for themselves. The city doesn’t provide electricity or running water. Community members donate food, some residents have generators, and a nonprofit used to bring a trailer with showers every other Sunday — but they recently stopped.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“It’s not going very well,” Joyce said. “I think that (the city) should do a little bit more.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11978874\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 2000px\">\u003ca href=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/03/022824_Self-Governed-City_FG_14.jpg\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-full wp-image-11978874\" src=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/03/022824_Self-Governed-City_FG_14.jpg\" alt=\"A woman wearing a visor, a light sleeveless top, and jean shorts crouches down to wash dishes outside by a row of RVs and debris.\" width=\"2000\" height=\"1333\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/03/022824_Self-Governed-City_FG_14.jpg 2000w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/03/022824_Self-Governed-City_FG_14-800x533.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/03/022824_Self-Governed-City_FG_14-1020x680.jpg 1020w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/03/022824_Self-Governed-City_FG_14-160x107.jpg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/03/022824_Self-Governed-City_FG_14-1536x1024.jpg 1536w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/03/022824_Self-Governed-City_FG_14-1920x1280.jpg 1920w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 2000px) 100vw, 2000px\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Jeanne Gillis uses tubs to wash dishes next to her trailer at Camp Resolution, a “self-governed” homeless camp on city-owned land in Sacramento, on Feb. 28, 2024. \u003ccite>(Fred Greaves/CalMatters)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>The Camp Resolution lease says the city would provide up to 33 trailers. Residents ended up receiving just 16. But 51 people live at the camp, meaning some people sleep in tents, in their cars, or in dilapidated trailers and RVs that leak in the rain and have sprouted mold.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The city wouldn’t comment on the trailers — or anything else — citing a pending threat of prosecution from the county District Attorney’s Office. City officials recently sent 40 trailers to a \u003ca href=\"https://sacramentocityexpress.com/2024/01/05/city-to-open-new-shelter-and-service-campus-for-people-experiencing-homelessness/\">new safe sleeping site they opened on Roseville Road\u003c/a>, which also has plumbed toilets and showers.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Several of the Camp Resolution residents are elderly, and some have serious medical issues that make living without reliable power and water difficult. One woman, who recently turned 60, is on dialysis and gets around on an electric mobility scooter that she leaves parked outside her trailer.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Most of the residents are women, some of whom wouldn’t feel safe on the streets by themselves. Jeanne Gillis, 53, was cooking ground turkey over an open flame outside her trailer on a recent Wednesday. Gillis, who used to work as a medical patients’ advocate, lost her housing two years ago when she got sick with lupus and could no longer work. She’d never been unhoused before and didn’t know what to do — so Sharon and Joyce took her under their wing. Now she’s part of their tight-knit community.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11978873\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 2000px\">\u003ca href=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/03/022824_Self-Governed-City_FG_11.jpg\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-full wp-image-11978873\" src=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/03/022824_Self-Governed-City_FG_11.jpg\" alt=\"A woman wearing a visor, a light sleeveless top, and jean shorts holds a utensil to cook food on a grill outside with an RV and water bottles around.\" width=\"2000\" height=\"1333\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/03/022824_Self-Governed-City_FG_11.jpg 2000w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/03/022824_Self-Governed-City_FG_11-800x533.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/03/022824_Self-Governed-City_FG_11-1020x680.jpg 1020w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/03/022824_Self-Governed-City_FG_11-160x107.jpg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/03/022824_Self-Governed-City_FG_11-1536x1024.jpg 1536w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/03/022824_Self-Governed-City_FG_11-1920x1280.jpg 1920w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 2000px) 100vw, 2000px\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Jeanne Gillis cooks ground turkey over a wood fire next to her trailer at Camp Resolution, a “self-governed” homeless camp on city-owned land in Sacramento, on Feb. 28, 2024. Residents have to rely on bottled water, generators and wood fires because no utilities are provided at the camp. \u003ccite>(Fred Greaves/CalMatters)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>“Thank God for everybody. Because it’s hard,” she said, tearing up. “I don’t think I’d be here if it wasn’t for everybody.”\u003c/p>\n\u003ch2>Camp Resolution faces legal threat\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>Camp Resolution also faces an outside threat — \u003ca href=\"https://www.kcra.com/article/sacramento-county-da-letter-threatens-criminal-charges-over-camp-resolution-site/45853185\">Sacramento County District Attorney Thien Ho has demanded\u003c/a> that the city close the camp. His office \u003ca href=\"https://calmatters.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/03/sacramento_county_district_attorney_s_office_letter.pdf\">sent a letter\u003c/a> to the city and Safe Ground Sacramento in November, labeling the site a public health hazard. The site is contaminated by toxic chemicals left over from when it was used as a vehicle maintenance yard and held underground storage tanks for diesel and gasoline, he said. It’s not safe to camp on the contaminated soil, according to his letter. But only half of the site is paved, while the other half is bare dirt — and people live on both sides.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Ho’s office did not set a specific deadline for the city to clear the encampment, leaving it unclear exactly what, if anything, would come of his threat.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>When asked about Ho’s next steps, Sonia Martinez Satchell, a spokesperson for the District Attorney’s Office, indicated prosecution is still on the table.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“To date, the City has failed to move the unhoused off this toxic waste site,” she said in an emailed statement. “We will not waiver from our commitment to protect public safety for all. As outlined in our letter, all available actions and recourse remain available.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But camp residents and the advocates working with them say they’ve heard nothing but silence from the District Attorney’s Office since the November letter. That means the fate of those living at Camp Resolution is still up in the air.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Tim Swanson, spokesman for the City Manager’s Office, said the city can’t comment on any aspect of Camp Resolution because of the pending threat of prosecution.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Sharon and Joyce aren’t concerned — they claim the camp isn’t on the portion of the site that’s contaminated. Ho’s letter is just an excuse to try to kick them off the property, they said.\u003c/p>\n\u003ch2>Sanctioned homeless encampments in California\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>Faced with a massive shortage of affordable homes, desperate city officials across California are considering opening places where unhoused people can legally set up tents. The move could give them more power to clear encampments from around parks, schools, downtown zones and other high-profile areas. That’s because unless cities have somewhere for displaced unhoused residents to go, the 2018 appellate case \u003ca href=\"https://law.justia.com/cases/federal/appellate-courts/ca9/15-35845/15-35845-2018-09-04.html\">Martin v. Boise\u003c/a> limits the extent to which they can clear encampments. That could change soon, as the \u003ca href=\"https://calmatters.org/housing/homelessness/2024/01/homeless-camp-scotus/\">Supreme Court has agreed\u003c/a> to take up the case and will hear arguments next month. But for now, cities’ hands remain largely tied if they lack enough shelter beds.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"https://www.kpbs.org/news/local/2023/07/31/san-diegos-unsafe-camping-ordinance-enforcement-begins\">San Diego recently passed an ordinance\u003c/a> banning encampments in much of the city. As the city ramped up enforcement, it \u003ca href=\"https://www.sandiego.gov/homelessness-strategies-and-solutions/services/safe-sleeping-program\">opened two sanctioned campsites\u003c/a> that together can hold more than 500 tents.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>After the city \u003ca href=\"https://www.mercurynews.com/2021/05/19/why-san-jose-leaders-say-sanctioned-tent-sites-for-unhoused-residents-wont-work-here/\">rejected the idea\u003c/a> three years ago, \u003ca href=\"https://www.mercurynews.com/2023/12/12/san-jose-considering-sanctioned-encampments-as-interim-options-face-long-wait-lines-timelines/\">San Jose Mayor Matt Mahan recently said \u003c/a>he’s considering opening similar sites.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Safe sleeping sites take many different forms — and have a range of price tags. In August, after the city stalled in its attempts to open safe sleeping sites, Sacramento City Manager Howard Chan single-handedly tried to identify locations for the projects. He initially said Camp Resolution could be a model for future sites — because it cost the city so little to run, it would allow the city to open more sites than if they used more expensive models.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Instead, the city in January launched \u003ca href=\"https://sacramentocityexpress.com/2024/01/05/city-to-open-new-shelter-and-service-campus-for-people-experiencing-homelessness/\">its next safe sleeping site, on Roseville Road\u003c/a>, with more services, more oversight and a greater cost — $3.2 million per year. The site has 60 rudimentary tiny homes and 40 trailers and is governed by a nonprofit contracted through the city.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But, due to an anticipated budget shortfall for the coming fiscal year, the city has no plans to launch additional safe sleeping sites, Swanson said. At a committee meeting last month, city staff predicted that by next year, \u003ca href=\"https://sacramento.granicus.com/MetaViewer.php?view_id=38&clip_id=5832&meta_id=767774\">the city’s budget for homeless services would be short $11 million\u003c/a>. By the 2025-26 fiscal year, they expected to be short nearly $39 million.\u003c/p>\n\u003ch3 id=\"h-life-at-camp-resolution\" class=\"wp-block-heading\">Life at Camp Resolution\u003c/h3>\n\u003cp>There are about 800 people on the waitlist to get into Camp Resolution, according to Sharon and Joyce. Only six people from the camp have moved out and into permanent housing, they said. Just on the other side of the gate that separates Camp Resolution from the rest of the world, a group of people live in a cluster of cars parked haphazardly on the side of the road. Across the street, someone has erected a makeshift shack. RVs that serve as stand-in homes line the road.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Inside the gate, Sharon and Joyce tend to have the ultimate say in what goes, though there’s also a council that meets on Thursday evenings to discuss camp issues. Things don’t always go smoothly.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11978875\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 2000px\">\u003ca href=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/03/022824_Self-Governed-City_FG_27.jpg\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-full wp-image-11978875\" src=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/03/022824_Self-Governed-City_FG_27.jpg\" alt=\"An aerial view of several RVs.\" width=\"2000\" height=\"1333\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/03/022824_Self-Governed-City_FG_27.jpg 2000w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/03/022824_Self-Governed-City_FG_27-800x533.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/03/022824_Self-Governed-City_FG_27-1020x680.jpg 1020w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/03/022824_Self-Governed-City_FG_27-160x107.jpg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/03/022824_Self-Governed-City_FG_27-1536x1024.jpg 1536w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/03/022824_Self-Governed-City_FG_27-1920x1280.jpg 1920w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 2000px) 100vw, 2000px\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">An aerial view looking west of Camp Resolution, a “self-governed” homeless camp on city-owned land in Sacramento, on Feb. 28, 2024. To the left of the camp is Arden Way and at the bottom of the frame is Colfax St. \u003ccite>(Fred Greaves/CalMatters)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Last year a neighbor’s dogs attacked Sharon and sent her to the hospital with multiple bite injuries. That led to new rules at the camp about pets. But Sharon and Joyce say it’s hard to actually enforce the rules they impose.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“We need more structure,” Sharon said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>As they showed off the different parts of their community, Sharon and Joyce expressed disapproval of a trash pile in the middle of the camp.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“That can go in the trash can,” Joyce said. It didn’t take long. A few minutes later, residents could be seen picking up the garbage and carrying it to a nearby dumpster.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>CalMatters Capitol reporter \u003ca href=\"https://calmatters.org/author/jeanne-kuang/\">Jeanne Kuang\u003c/a> contributed to this story.\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>",
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"title": "CSU Campuses Implement New Strategies to Empower Men of Color",
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"content": "\u003cp>Last year, Cal State campuses received some sobering details about the growing gaps in graduation rates between students of color and their white counterparts. Instead of decreasing, the graduation equity gaps between Black, Latino and Native or Indigenous students have been increasing.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>However, some campuses are targeting new funding and strategies to specifically target students of color that will help increase graduation, persistence and retention.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>CSU’s Young Males of Color Consortium, which is housed at Cal State Dominguez Hills, received $3.2 million from a group of organizations, including Ballmer Group, College Futures Foundation, ECMC Foundation and Ichigo Foundation, to create new programs that support men of color on Cal State campuses. Sixteen CSU campuses and their neighboring community colleges will deploy those programs to improve transfer, retention and graduation rates for up to 800 students. The partnered universities and colleges will start working with up to 40 young men each to pilot the new strategies.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The consortium, which started in 2017, has the goal of working across campuses to share information and data and find solutions to help CSU’s Black and brown men.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The main challenge the consortium realized it needed to tackle was “institutional complacency” because many campuses failed to have the right data on students of color or limited their investment in improving their academic performance, said William Franklin, vice president of student affairs for the Dominguez Hills campus.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Last year, during CSU’s Graduation Initiative 2025 event, new data revealed that the graduation gap between Black, Latino and Native American students and their peers increased by 1 point to a 13% difference. The 2023 six-year graduation rate for Black students, for example, is at 47% but 62% for all students.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The rates on the Dominguez Hills campus, for example, are lower for Black and Latino men. The six-year rate for Black men is 36.4% and 38.9% for Latino men on the campus. Data for Native American and Native Hawaiian or Pacific Islander students was unavailable.[aside postID=\"news_11973267,news_11973199,news_11976347\" label=\"Related Stories\"]“We need to hire full-time folks, and we need to really give them training,” Franklin said. “We need to begin to connect with our institutional research office and understand our data better. It doesn’t necessarily mean we need more money, but we do need to spend the money that we have differently in order to ensure that those male-of-color programs get the kind of support they need.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>With the new funding, the campuses will work together to assess and evaluate instructors and staff while also providing professional development opportunities. The campuses would also work with their community college partners to better assist them in transferring more Black and brown students to the universities.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Members of the consortium have already visited other universities outside of California that have seen success in improving graduation rates for Black and Latino students, such as Georgia State University, Urban Prep Academies in Chicago and the University of Texas at Austin, Franklin said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>And while they’re unsure which strategies will work best for Cal State students, figuring it out is part of the funding.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Our funders have also given us an opportunity to take the funding they’ve given us to provide it as seed money for campuses to put some innovative programs and strategies in place,” Franklin said. “Fail fast or succeed fast, and learn what they need to do in order to scale those things that work.”\u003c/p>\n\u003ch2>Black Honors College\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>Sacramento State is also trying something new to help not only the Black students on its campuses but across the system.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>This fall, the university will debut the country’s first Black Honors College. Sac State has one of the CSU’s largest populations of Black students and low graduation rates. The six-year rate for all Black students is about 45%.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“We’re the No. 1 institution serving Black students, and we’re in the bottom third when it comes to graduation rates,” Sac State President Luke Wood said. “Our 75-year history has shown that what we’re doing is not working. I don’t just speak about that from the perspective of being president here, but I was a student here at Sac State. I got my bachelor’s degree here. I got my master’s degree here, and many of the people who are my contemporaries never graduated because the institution is not designed to support Black students.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Sac State officials also looked outside of California for solutions, particularly at historically Black colleges and universities where graduation rates are much higher.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“We’re creating an institution within the institution so students have a standalone experience with their own curriculum, their own faculty, their staff, their space,” Wood said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The college would be open to students of all majors, but the first two years of the curriculum would have an African-American focus. For example, political science or statistics classes would uniquely focus on Black politics, issues and community.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Wood said the idea is based on research showing that creating a “family-like environment” and offering a curriculum relevant to students’ lives and experiences improves their academic success.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The new college will have 6,000 square feet of dedicated space with its own faculty, dean, counselors, academic advisers, support staff and outreach. However, the ultimate goal is to see more Black Honors Colleges appear statewide and nationally, despite the conservative attacks on diversity, equity and inclusion happening in other states.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But Wood anticipates more Black Honors Colleges appearing on community college campuses, some of which have already contacted Sac State for guidance or information, with the potential to establish a transfer relationship with the university.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“We’re going to grow this Honors College pretty extensively,” he said. “Our goal right now is 500 or 600, but when we can get more resources, our goal is to get to a thousand students.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>NOTE: EdSource receives funding from several foundations, including the College Futures Foundation and ECMC Foundation. EdSource maintains sole editorial control over the content of its coverage.\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"https://edsource.org/2024/csu-campuses-focus-on-new-strategies-to-help-students-of-color/707174\">\u003cem>This story originally appeared in EdSource.\u003c/em>\u003c/a>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n",
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"excerpt": "CSU’s Males of Color Consortium received $3.2 million to help Black and Latino men statewide while Sacramento State is debuting the first Black Honors College.",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>Last year, Cal State campuses received some sobering details about the growing gaps in graduation rates between students of color and their white counterparts. Instead of decreasing, the graduation equity gaps between Black, Latino and Native or Indigenous students have been increasing.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>However, some campuses are targeting new funding and strategies to specifically target students of color that will help increase graduation, persistence and retention.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>CSU’s Young Males of Color Consortium, which is housed at Cal State Dominguez Hills, received $3.2 million from a group of organizations, including Ballmer Group, College Futures Foundation, ECMC Foundation and Ichigo Foundation, to create new programs that support men of color on Cal State campuses. Sixteen CSU campuses and their neighboring community colleges will deploy those programs to improve transfer, retention and graduation rates for up to 800 students. The partnered universities and colleges will start working with up to 40 young men each to pilot the new strategies.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The consortium, which started in 2017, has the goal of working across campuses to share information and data and find solutions to help CSU’s Black and brown men.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The main challenge the consortium realized it needed to tackle was “institutional complacency” because many campuses failed to have the right data on students of color or limited their investment in improving their academic performance, said William Franklin, vice president of student affairs for the Dominguez Hills campus.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Last year, during CSU’s Graduation Initiative 2025 event, new data revealed that the graduation gap between Black, Latino and Native American students and their peers increased by 1 point to a 13% difference. The 2023 six-year graduation rate for Black students, for example, is at 47% but 62% for all students.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The rates on the Dominguez Hills campus, for example, are lower for Black and Latino men. The six-year rate for Black men is 36.4% and 38.9% for Latino men on the campus. Data for Native American and Native Hawaiian or Pacific Islander students was unavailable.\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>“We need to hire full-time folks, and we need to really give them training,” Franklin said. “We need to begin to connect with our institutional research office and understand our data better. It doesn’t necessarily mean we need more money, but we do need to spend the money that we have differently in order to ensure that those male-of-color programs get the kind of support they need.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>With the new funding, the campuses will work together to assess and evaluate instructors and staff while also providing professional development opportunities. The campuses would also work with their community college partners to better assist them in transferring more Black and brown students to the universities.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Members of the consortium have already visited other universities outside of California that have seen success in improving graduation rates for Black and Latino students, such as Georgia State University, Urban Prep Academies in Chicago and the University of Texas at Austin, Franklin said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>And while they’re unsure which strategies will work best for Cal State students, figuring it out is part of the funding.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Our funders have also given us an opportunity to take the funding they’ve given us to provide it as seed money for campuses to put some innovative programs and strategies in place,” Franklin said. “Fail fast or succeed fast, and learn what they need to do in order to scale those things that work.”\u003c/p>\n\u003ch2>Black Honors College\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>Sacramento State is also trying something new to help not only the Black students on its campuses but across the system.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>This fall, the university will debut the country’s first Black Honors College. Sac State has one of the CSU’s largest populations of Black students and low graduation rates. The six-year rate for all Black students is about 45%.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“We’re the No. 1 institution serving Black students, and we’re in the bottom third when it comes to graduation rates,” Sac State President Luke Wood said. “Our 75-year history has shown that what we’re doing is not working. I don’t just speak about that from the perspective of being president here, but I was a student here at Sac State. I got my bachelor’s degree here. I got my master’s degree here, and many of the people who are my contemporaries never graduated because the institution is not designed to support Black students.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Sac State officials also looked outside of California for solutions, particularly at historically Black colleges and universities where graduation rates are much higher.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“We’re creating an institution within the institution so students have a standalone experience with their own curriculum, their own faculty, their staff, their space,” Wood said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The college would be open to students of all majors, but the first two years of the curriculum would have an African-American focus. For example, political science or statistics classes would uniquely focus on Black politics, issues and community.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Wood said the idea is based on research showing that creating a “family-like environment” and offering a curriculum relevant to students’ lives and experiences improves their academic success.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The new college will have 6,000 square feet of dedicated space with its own faculty, dean, counselors, academic advisers, support staff and outreach. However, the ultimate goal is to see more Black Honors Colleges appear statewide and nationally, despite the conservative attacks on diversity, equity and inclusion happening in other states.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But Wood anticipates more Black Honors Colleges appearing on community college campuses, some of which have already contacted Sac State for guidance or information, with the potential to establish a transfer relationship with the university.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“We’re going to grow this Honors College pretty extensively,” he said. “Our goal right now is 500 or 600, but when we can get more resources, our goal is to get to a thousand students.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>NOTE: EdSource receives funding from several foundations, including the College Futures Foundation and ECMC Foundation. EdSource maintains sole editorial control over the content of its coverage.\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"https://edsource.org/2024/csu-campuses-focus-on-new-strategies-to-help-students-of-color/707174\">\u003cem>This story originally appeared in EdSource.\u003c/em>\u003c/a>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>",
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"title": "San Francisco Teachers Union Pushes to Keep All Schools Open, Despite Major Budget Deficit and Enrollment Drop",
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"content": "\u003cp>The union representing thousands of teachers in San Francisco Unified is urging the district to keep all of its schools open even as it looks to address a looming budget deficit.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Last week, SFUSD announced plans to consider closing several school sites as the district faces a massive budget shortfall and declining enrollment. But union leaders say that the district should look to other means to balance its budget, like consolidating managerial and administrative positions.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>As enrollment has dipped, “SFUSD has increased central office administration,” United Educators of San Francisco President Cassondra Curiel said. “How can a district have fewer students but more managers in a right-sizing effort?”[pullquote size=\"medium\" align=\"right\" citation=\"San Francisco Superintendent Matt Wayne\"]‘Rather than figuring out how to use our resources to just try to maintain the status quo, we want to imagine a new future for the San Francisco Unified School District.’[/pullquote]Large urban school districts across the state are grappling with shifting trends in enrollment and community frustration when schools face threats of closure. In Oakland, school closures in 2022 prompted a historic teacher sit-in and hunger strike.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In San Francisco, roughly 4,000 fewer students are enrolled in the current school year compared with the 2012–13 school year, according to \u003ca href=\"https://www.sfusd.edu/about-sfusd/budget-and-lcap/district-resource-alignment-initiative/resource-alignment-initiative-frequently-asked-questions-faqs\">district data\u003c/a>. The district projects it will lose an additional 4,600 students by 2032 based on declining birth rate trends and other demographic shifts.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>California allocates funding for most schools based on the number of students in their seats, so drops in enrollment reduce funding for the district. SFUSD is also proposing additional cuts to reign in next year’s $100 million budget shortfall for the district.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“The reality is that while our circumstances have been changing for years, our district has not. In the past, we have resisted closing schools as our enrollment declined. As a result, our schools have gotten emptier,” the district wrote on its website. “By having fewer schools, we can concentrate our resources on enhancing educational programs, teacher support, and student services.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>SFUSD has not yet determined how many or which of its 121 schools will be considered for closure or to merge, but a list is expected by September or October 2024, according to the district’s website.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The Board of Education still needs to approve a resolution for the district to move ahead with closing or merging schools.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In the meantime, union leaders representing nearly 6,000 of the district’s educators say closing schools will disrupt learning and other crucial support systems for communities.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>They are pushing for the district to keep schools open and restructure the budget by consolidating managerial roles in the district, which have increased even as student enrollment has declined, according to a recent \u003ca href=\"https://drive.google.com/file/d/13yqmg3Qwrxchh8ggeMEcHpLEqb6aIoIO/view\">report\u003c/a> by UESF. Since the 2009–10 school year, the district has added more than 160 managerial-level administrative positions, the report shows.[aside postID=\"news_11965114,news_11944773\" label=\"Related Stories\"]“SFUSD has spent millions on new upper management positions, even as enrollment declined,” the report reads. “Now, upper management, which has mismanaged SFUSD’s finances for decades, is claiming SFUSD needs to make cuts to critical services at high-needs school sites and even threatening school closures.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Curiel also pointed out financial mismanagement around the district’s botched computer payroll system, which blocked teachers from receiving pay for months.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“They wasted $30 million on a software program that failed to even pay the educators that they employ. So they’re wasting funds there,” Curiel said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>San Francisco Superintendent Matt Wayne told KQED that “the status quo is not working for the district.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Rather than figuring out how to use our resources to just try to maintain the status quo, we want to imagine a new future for the San Francisco Unified School District,” Wayne added.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The district plans to provide feedback opportunities and consult with the community throughout an eight-month research process. That will include doing an “equity audit” to review how school closures might disproportionately affect different communities.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Many teachers and families are nonetheless worried about what school closures could mean for them.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Erin Mapes, a teacher at Buena Vista Horace Mann elementary in the Mission District, said she’s worried that families with fewer resources will bear the brunt of school closures and the impacts that follow.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“There’s a lot of distrust between the staff, teachers and the central office right now,” Mapes told KQED.\u003c/p>\n\n",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>Large urban school districts across the state are grappling with shifting trends in enrollment and community frustration when schools face threats of closure. In Oakland, school closures in 2022 prompted a historic teacher sit-in and hunger strike.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In San Francisco, roughly 4,000 fewer students are enrolled in the current school year compared with the 2012–13 school year, according to \u003ca href=\"https://www.sfusd.edu/about-sfusd/budget-and-lcap/district-resource-alignment-initiative/resource-alignment-initiative-frequently-asked-questions-faqs\">district data\u003c/a>. The district projects it will lose an additional 4,600 students by 2032 based on declining birth rate trends and other demographic shifts.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>California allocates funding for most schools based on the number of students in their seats, so drops in enrollment reduce funding for the district. SFUSD is also proposing additional cuts to reign in next year’s $100 million budget shortfall for the district.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“The reality is that while our circumstances have been changing for years, our district has not. In the past, we have resisted closing schools as our enrollment declined. As a result, our schools have gotten emptier,” the district wrote on its website. “By having fewer schools, we can concentrate our resources on enhancing educational programs, teacher support, and student services.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>SFUSD has not yet determined how many or which of its 121 schools will be considered for closure or to merge, but a list is expected by September or October 2024, according to the district’s website.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The Board of Education still needs to approve a resolution for the district to move ahead with closing or merging schools.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In the meantime, union leaders representing nearly 6,000 of the district’s educators say closing schools will disrupt learning and other crucial support systems for communities.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>They are pushing for the district to keep schools open and restructure the budget by consolidating managerial roles in the district, which have increased even as student enrollment has declined, according to a recent \u003ca href=\"https://drive.google.com/file/d/13yqmg3Qwrxchh8ggeMEcHpLEqb6aIoIO/view\">report\u003c/a> by UESF. Since the 2009–10 school year, the district has added more than 160 managerial-level administrative positions, the report shows.\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>“SFUSD has spent millions on new upper management positions, even as enrollment declined,” the report reads. “Now, upper management, which has mismanaged SFUSD’s finances for decades, is claiming SFUSD needs to make cuts to critical services at high-needs school sites and even threatening school closures.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Curiel also pointed out financial mismanagement around the district’s botched computer payroll system, which blocked teachers from receiving pay for months.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“They wasted $30 million on a software program that failed to even pay the educators that they employ. So they’re wasting funds there,” Curiel said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>San Francisco Superintendent Matt Wayne told KQED that “the status quo is not working for the district.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Rather than figuring out how to use our resources to just try to maintain the status quo, we want to imagine a new future for the San Francisco Unified School District,” Wayne added.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The district plans to provide feedback opportunities and consult with the community throughout an eight-month research process. That will include doing an “equity audit” to review how school closures might disproportionately affect different communities.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Many teachers and families are nonetheless worried about what school closures could mean for them.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Erin Mapes, a teacher at Buena Vista Horace Mann elementary in the Mission District, said she’s worried that families with fewer resources will bear the brunt of school closures and the impacts that follow.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“There’s a lot of distrust between the staff, teachers and the central office right now,” Mapes told KQED.\u003c/p>\n\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>",
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"content": "\u003cp>When the end-of-school bell rang, groups of students, parents and community members headed for the on-campus farmers market displaying plump green vegetables, potted seedlings and even boxes of free food.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Reflecting the community’s diversity, signs in the booths advertised crops not often seen in mainstream grocery stores, such as chijimisai (a hybrid Asian green that’s packed with nutrients) and other items popular with Asian or Latino families, alongside the standard fare.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>As adults bagged and paid for the produce or helped themselves to any free items, young children questioned the farmers about how much water or sunshine a plant needs.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Later, when after-school activities ended, more parents and their student-athletes, many still wearing their game uniforms, joined the crowd in the schoolyard at Fort Miller Middle School in Fresno on Feb. 5 — one of a number of farmers markets being held on Fresno Unified campuses this year.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Fresno Unified contracted with Fresno Metro Ministry, a nonprofit organization, to bring farmers markets to schools and increase access to fresh, healthy and affordable food in neighborhoods where it’s not easy to come by.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Fresno Unified and Fresno Metro Ministry leaders say the partnership is important for students, families and the community. Here’s how:\u003c/p>\n\u003ch2>Why start the program?\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>Much of Fresno is a \u003ca class=\"external\" href=\"https://foodispower.org/access-health/food-deserts/#:~:text=Food%20deserts%20can%20be%20described,stores%20within%20convenient%20traveling%20distance.\">food desert\u003c/a>, lacking access to affordable, healthy food due to an absence of nearby grocery stores or a\u003ca class=\"external\" href=\"https://www.healthline.com/nutrition/food-swamps\"> food swamp\u003c/a> with better access to junk food than nutritious food options, said Amanda Harvey, director of nutrition services with Fresno Unified.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Bringing farmers markets to schools within a food desert or swamp — which mostly exist in predominantly Black and brown neighborhoods — provides access to nutritious food.\u003c/p>\n\u003ch2>Is this the first time Fresno Unified has put farmers markets on its campuses?\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>In the past, the district has hosted farmers markets sponsored and run through community partnerships, Harvey said, but the partnership with Fresno Metro Ministry is run with the school district.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The big difference is that through the new partnership, Fresno Unified students and staff will learn how to operate the markets, said Chris De León, the farm and gardens program manager with Fresno Metro Ministry.\u003c/p>\n\u003ch2>Why partner with Fresno Metro Ministry?\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>Fresno Metro Ministry creates school and community gardens at locations throughout Fresno to educate the community about gardening and \u003ca class=\"external\" href=\"https://www.fresnometmin.org/Farm-and-gardens\">provides land access\u003c/a> and other resources for beginning farmers and community members to grow fresh, local produce in food-insecure neighborhoods. De León said it was a “no-brainer” for the organization to partner with the school district to engage students and bring farmers to school campuses.\u003c/p>\n\u003ch2>What’s sold at the markets?\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>The Fresno Unified partnership is funded, in part, through a grant from the California Department of Food and Agriculture that requires the farmers market to sell \u003ca class=\"external\" href=\"https://www.ams.usda.gov/services/grants/scbgp/specialty-crop\">specialty crops\u003c/a>, such as apricots, avocados, asparagus, beans, blueberries, broccoli, cabbage, carrots and other fruits and vegetables, as well as tree nuts, herbs and other plants.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11976920\" class=\"wp-caption alignnone\" style=\"max-width: 2048px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-full wp-image-11976920\" src=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/02/IMG_2735-2048x1536-1.jpg\" alt=\"A closeup of farm produce, mostly broccoli and cauliflower.\" width=\"2048\" height=\"1536\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/02/IMG_2735-2048x1536-1.jpg 2048w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/02/IMG_2735-2048x1536-1-800x600.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/02/IMG_2735-2048x1536-1-1020x765.jpg 1020w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/02/IMG_2735-2048x1536-1-160x120.jpg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/02/IMG_2735-2048x1536-1-1536x1152.jpg 1536w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/02/IMG_2735-2048x1536-1-1920x1440.jpg 1920w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 2048px) 100vw, 2048px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Xiong Farm Produce, one of the vendors at the Fort Miller Middle School farmers market, sells Romanesco broccoli. Fresno Unified has been placing farmers markets on its campuses to provide affordable, nutritious food options for families. \u003ccite>(Lasherica Thornton/EdSource)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Crops from different cultural groups, such as Latino and Southeast Asian farmers, can be offered, too. For instance, Casillas Farms and Siembra y Cosecha Farms, managed by Spanish-speaking farmers, and Xiong Farm Produce, which sold Chinese cauliflower, were at the Fort Miller market.\u003c/p>\n\u003ch2>How does the program impact students?\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>The farmers markets are meant to be student-led.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Students learn how to seek out farmers, work with market vendors, organize, then promote the upcoming event and set up the market, Harvey said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Students can even earn food safety and handling certifications, an experience Harvey called a “resume-builder.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The farmers market itself highlights and promotes student clubs and district programs, especially activities related to agriculture.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Harvey said schools give students the autonomy to come up with ideas for the markets: “What do they want to see in their event?”\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11976921\" class=\"wp-caption alignnone\" style=\"max-width: 2048px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-full wp-image-11976921\" src=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/02/IMG_2724-2048x1481-1.jpg\" alt=\"People at a farmers market stall under a blue awning.\" width=\"2048\" height=\"1481\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/02/IMG_2724-2048x1481-1.jpg 2048w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/02/IMG_2724-2048x1481-1-800x579.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/02/IMG_2724-2048x1481-1-1020x738.jpg 1020w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/02/IMG_2724-2048x1481-1-160x116.jpg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/02/IMG_2724-2048x1481-1-1536x1111.jpg 1536w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/02/IMG_2724-2048x1481-1-1920x1388.jpg 1920w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 2048px) 100vw, 2048px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">A community member and a student visit a booth run by a middle school ethnic studies class selling herbal plants. \u003ccite>(Lasherica Thornton/EdSource)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Eighth graders Lilly Blanco and Andrea Morgan (who managed a booth selling herbal plants) pointed out to shoppers how enslaved Africans used herbs, a topic they’re exploring in their ethnic studies class. Aloe vera was used to treat burns and inflammation, and mullein could treat whooping cough, chronic bronchitis and congestion, Morgan said about the research she and her classmates conducted and published in pamphlets for the market.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The farmers market allows students to sell, feature or display products, such as the ethnic studies class selling herbal plants.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“They’ve been really excited planting their own herbs,” Morgan said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Having students lead, plan and facilitate the events puts them at the forefront, gives them a voice and teaches them responsibility, said Yang Soua Fang, a farm and gardens project manager with Fresno Metro Ministry.\u003c/p>\n\u003ch2>How is it beneficial for families?\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>While picking up her daughter from a basketball game at Fort Miller, Chelsi Allen expressed how convenient it was for her, a mother of five, to be able to shop while on campus.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[pullquote align=\"right\" size=\"medium\" citation=\"Chelsi Allen, mother of a student\"]‘Being at the school setting, I never thought about it. It just feels right to get some healthy foods and go home and cook.’[/pullquote]“Being at the school setting,” Allen said, “I never thought about it. It just feels right to get some healthy foods and go home and cook.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Allen, whose children attend Holy Cross Junior High, a private school in Fresno, said that what Fresno Unified is doing gives families affordable access to items needed for a balanced meal.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>She pointed out the stark difference between the convenience of the school farmers market and a grocery store, where most people shop for specifics and may not seek out healthy food options that aren’t “in your face” like those at the farmers market.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“We get to serve our students every day,” said Harvey, the district’s nutrition services director, “but to be able to also bring nutritious meals to our adults in our community is huge.”\u003c/p>\n\u003ch2>Will the school district do anything differently?\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>During the markets, the Fresno Metro Ministry can offer food demonstrations to show families ways to serve the farm-grown produce. The food demos weren’t available at the Fort Miller market on Feb. 5, but Fresno Unified plans to do its part to promote nutritious food options to families.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[pullquote align=\"right\" size=\"medium\" citation=\"Amanda Harvey, director of nutrition services, Fresno Unified\"]‘The more familiar students are with them, the more likely they are to ask for them at home. ‘I had this item at lunch; it was delicious. Let’s buy it.”[/pullquote]Harvey said the district’s nutrition team can obtain participants’ input on introducing products into the food students eat in school.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Is this something you’d be interested in seeing on school menus?” a survey asked farmers market attendants about kale.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“The more familiar students are with them, the more likely they are to ask for them at home,” she said. “‘I had this item at lunch; it was delicious. Let’s buy it.’”\u003c/p>\n\u003ch2>What else do markets mean for families, school and community?\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>The farmers market also “puts a face to produce,” De León said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“There’s so much: ‘What is this? How did you grow it? How do you cook it?’” he said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>He said he believes those conversations will build relationships between farmers and families, leading to more awareness and a better understanding of the importance of local farming.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[aside label=\"Related Stories\" postID=\"forum_2010101904432,forum_2010101894562,forum_2010101895266\"]Patricia Hubbard is a farmer who grows produce at Fresno Metro Ministry’s \u003ca class=\"external\" href=\"https://www.facebook.com/permaculturefresno/\">Yo’Ville Community Garden & Farm\u003c/a> behind the Yosemite Village housing complex.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>At the Fort Miller market, Hubbard sold starter plants of sweet peas and kale, including Ethiopian and Portuguese kale. The products are easy-to-grow plants that can hold kids’ interest in growing their own vegetables, Hubbard said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“We need young people farming,” she said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The farmers market can pique that interest while changing the narrative about farmworkers, Soua Fang said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“There’s such a negative stereotype to being a farmworker or laborer, but yet their contribution to our society is so important for us: That’s how we can sustain ourselves,” he said. “But … it’s like we put them at the bottom of the pedestal.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Connecting and engaging with farmers places value and respect in their craft, especially when they share how they overcome barriers to becoming farmers.\u003c/p>\n\u003ch2>Are there more markets?\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>With plans for different schools to host markets on a monthly or quarterly basis, Fresno Unified and Fresno Metro Ministry hope to set up about 15 farmers markets on campuses this school year. In addition to the Fort Miller market, Phoenix Secondary Academy held a farmers market in the fall to launch the partnership, and a couple of markets have been held in collaboration with the Fresno High School Flea Market. For the rest of the school year, markets will be at:\u003c/p>\n\u003cul>\n\u003cli>Fort Miller Middle School on the first Monday of each month. The March 4 market has been rescheduled for March 18.\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>Fresno High School on the second Saturday of each month.\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>McLane High School, which is still planning dates but has confirmed April 6 for its first market.\u003c/li>\n\u003c/ul>\n\u003cp>[pullquote align=\"right\" size=\"medium\" citation=\"Soua Fang\"]‘There’s such a negative stereotype to being a farmworker or laborer, but yet their contribution to our society is so important for us: That’s how we can sustain ourselves.’[/pullquote]Some of the designated schools are located in the middle of food deserts or serve high numbers of students experiencing food insecurity, Soua Fang said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>At other Fresno Unified schools where there may be agricultural programs offering gardening and farming, Fresno Metro Ministry hopes to “fill the last little gap” by creating a culture around farmers markets. At the Fresno High Flea Market, De León said the organization adds healthy food access to an already thriving market “to connect that bridge from community to school, so it’s not so separate.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Schools interested in hosting a farmers market should reach out to Fresno Metro Ministry.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>To host a farmers market, schools can contact De León at \u003ca href=\"mailto:chris@fresnometmin.org\">chris@fresnometmin.org\u003c/a> or Soua Fang at \u003ca href=\"mailto:yang@fresnometmin.org\">yang@fresnometmin.org\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Allen, the mother who attended the Fort Miller market in early February, said, “More schools should do this.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"https://edsource.org/2024/farmers-markets-in-this-school-district-provide-access-to-healthy-food-options/706070\">\u003cem>This story originally appeared in EdSource.\u003c/em>\u003c/a>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad floatright]\u003c/p>\n",
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"title": "Farm-to-Desk? How This School District Is Getting Fresh Produce to Students | KQED",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>When the end-of-school bell rang, groups of students, parents and community members headed for the on-campus farmers market displaying plump green vegetables, potted seedlings and even boxes of free food.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Reflecting the community’s diversity, signs in the booths advertised crops not often seen in mainstream grocery stores, such as chijimisai (a hybrid Asian green that’s packed with nutrients) and other items popular with Asian or Latino families, alongside the standard fare.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>As adults bagged and paid for the produce or helped themselves to any free items, young children questioned the farmers about how much water or sunshine a plant needs.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Later, when after-school activities ended, more parents and their student-athletes, many still wearing their game uniforms, joined the crowd in the schoolyard at Fort Miller Middle School in Fresno on Feb. 5 — one of a number of farmers markets being held on Fresno Unified campuses this year.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Fresno Unified contracted with Fresno Metro Ministry, a nonprofit organization, to bring farmers markets to schools and increase access to fresh, healthy and affordable food in neighborhoods where it’s not easy to come by.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Fresno Unified and Fresno Metro Ministry leaders say the partnership is important for students, families and the community. Here’s how:\u003c/p>\n\u003ch2>Why start the program?\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>Much of Fresno is a \u003ca class=\"external\" href=\"https://foodispower.org/access-health/food-deserts/#:~:text=Food%20deserts%20can%20be%20described,stores%20within%20convenient%20traveling%20distance.\">food desert\u003c/a>, lacking access to affordable, healthy food due to an absence of nearby grocery stores or a\u003ca class=\"external\" href=\"https://www.healthline.com/nutrition/food-swamps\"> food swamp\u003c/a> with better access to junk food than nutritious food options, said Amanda Harvey, director of nutrition services with Fresno Unified.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Bringing farmers markets to schools within a food desert or swamp — which mostly exist in predominantly Black and brown neighborhoods — provides access to nutritious food.\u003c/p>\n\u003ch2>Is this the first time Fresno Unified has put farmers markets on its campuses?\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>In the past, the district has hosted farmers markets sponsored and run through community partnerships, Harvey said, but the partnership with Fresno Metro Ministry is run with the school district.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The big difference is that through the new partnership, Fresno Unified students and staff will learn how to operate the markets, said Chris De León, the farm and gardens program manager with Fresno Metro Ministry.\u003c/p>\n\u003ch2>Why partner with Fresno Metro Ministry?\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>Fresno Metro Ministry creates school and community gardens at locations throughout Fresno to educate the community about gardening and \u003ca class=\"external\" href=\"https://www.fresnometmin.org/Farm-and-gardens\">provides land access\u003c/a> and other resources for beginning farmers and community members to grow fresh, local produce in food-insecure neighborhoods. De León said it was a “no-brainer” for the organization to partner with the school district to engage students and bring farmers to school campuses.\u003c/p>\n\u003ch2>What’s sold at the markets?\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>The Fresno Unified partnership is funded, in part, through a grant from the California Department of Food and Agriculture that requires the farmers market to sell \u003ca class=\"external\" href=\"https://www.ams.usda.gov/services/grants/scbgp/specialty-crop\">specialty crops\u003c/a>, such as apricots, avocados, asparagus, beans, blueberries, broccoli, cabbage, carrots and other fruits and vegetables, as well as tree nuts, herbs and other plants.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11976920\" class=\"wp-caption alignnone\" style=\"max-width: 2048px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-full wp-image-11976920\" src=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/02/IMG_2735-2048x1536-1.jpg\" alt=\"A closeup of farm produce, mostly broccoli and cauliflower.\" width=\"2048\" height=\"1536\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/02/IMG_2735-2048x1536-1.jpg 2048w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/02/IMG_2735-2048x1536-1-800x600.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/02/IMG_2735-2048x1536-1-1020x765.jpg 1020w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/02/IMG_2735-2048x1536-1-160x120.jpg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/02/IMG_2735-2048x1536-1-1536x1152.jpg 1536w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/02/IMG_2735-2048x1536-1-1920x1440.jpg 1920w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 2048px) 100vw, 2048px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Xiong Farm Produce, one of the vendors at the Fort Miller Middle School farmers market, sells Romanesco broccoli. Fresno Unified has been placing farmers markets on its campuses to provide affordable, nutritious food options for families. \u003ccite>(Lasherica Thornton/EdSource)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Crops from different cultural groups, such as Latino and Southeast Asian farmers, can be offered, too. For instance, Casillas Farms and Siembra y Cosecha Farms, managed by Spanish-speaking farmers, and Xiong Farm Produce, which sold Chinese cauliflower, were at the Fort Miller market.\u003c/p>\n\u003ch2>How does the program impact students?\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>The farmers markets are meant to be student-led.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Students learn how to seek out farmers, work with market vendors, organize, then promote the upcoming event and set up the market, Harvey said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Students can even earn food safety and handling certifications, an experience Harvey called a “resume-builder.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The farmers market itself highlights and promotes student clubs and district programs, especially activities related to agriculture.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Harvey said schools give students the autonomy to come up with ideas for the markets: “What do they want to see in their event?”\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11976921\" class=\"wp-caption alignnone\" style=\"max-width: 2048px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-full wp-image-11976921\" src=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/02/IMG_2724-2048x1481-1.jpg\" alt=\"People at a farmers market stall under a blue awning.\" width=\"2048\" height=\"1481\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/02/IMG_2724-2048x1481-1.jpg 2048w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/02/IMG_2724-2048x1481-1-800x579.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/02/IMG_2724-2048x1481-1-1020x738.jpg 1020w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/02/IMG_2724-2048x1481-1-160x116.jpg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/02/IMG_2724-2048x1481-1-1536x1111.jpg 1536w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/02/IMG_2724-2048x1481-1-1920x1388.jpg 1920w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 2048px) 100vw, 2048px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">A community member and a student visit a booth run by a middle school ethnic studies class selling herbal plants. \u003ccite>(Lasherica Thornton/EdSource)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Eighth graders Lilly Blanco and Andrea Morgan (who managed a booth selling herbal plants) pointed out to shoppers how enslaved Africans used herbs, a topic they’re exploring in their ethnic studies class. Aloe vera was used to treat burns and inflammation, and mullein could treat whooping cough, chronic bronchitis and congestion, Morgan said about the research she and her classmates conducted and published in pamphlets for the market.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The farmers market allows students to sell, feature or display products, such as the ethnic studies class selling herbal plants.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“They’ve been really excited planting their own herbs,” Morgan said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Having students lead, plan and facilitate the events puts them at the forefront, gives them a voice and teaches them responsibility, said Yang Soua Fang, a farm and gardens project manager with Fresno Metro Ministry.\u003c/p>\n\u003ch2>How is it beneficial for families?\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>While picking up her daughter from a basketball game at Fort Miller, Chelsi Allen expressed how convenient it was for her, a mother of five, to be able to shop while on campus.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>“Being at the school setting,” Allen said, “I never thought about it. It just feels right to get some healthy foods and go home and cook.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Allen, whose children attend Holy Cross Junior High, a private school in Fresno, said that what Fresno Unified is doing gives families affordable access to items needed for a balanced meal.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>She pointed out the stark difference between the convenience of the school farmers market and a grocery store, where most people shop for specifics and may not seek out healthy food options that aren’t “in your face” like those at the farmers market.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“We get to serve our students every day,” said Harvey, the district’s nutrition services director, “but to be able to also bring nutritious meals to our adults in our community is huge.”\u003c/p>\n\u003ch2>Will the school district do anything differently?\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>During the markets, the Fresno Metro Ministry can offer food demonstrations to show families ways to serve the farm-grown produce. The food demos weren’t available at the Fort Miller market on Feb. 5, but Fresno Unified plans to do its part to promote nutritious food options to families.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>Harvey said the district’s nutrition team can obtain participants’ input on introducing products into the food students eat in school.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Is this something you’d be interested in seeing on school menus?” a survey asked farmers market attendants about kale.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“The more familiar students are with them, the more likely they are to ask for them at home,” she said. “‘I had this item at lunch; it was delicious. Let’s buy it.’”\u003c/p>\n\u003ch2>What else do markets mean for families, school and community?\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>The farmers market also “puts a face to produce,” De León said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“There’s so much: ‘What is this? How did you grow it? How do you cook it?’” he said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>He said he believes those conversations will build relationships between farmers and families, leading to more awareness and a better understanding of the importance of local farming.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>Patricia Hubbard is a farmer who grows produce at Fresno Metro Ministry’s \u003ca class=\"external\" href=\"https://www.facebook.com/permaculturefresno/\">Yo’Ville Community Garden & Farm\u003c/a> behind the Yosemite Village housing complex.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>At the Fort Miller market, Hubbard sold starter plants of sweet peas and kale, including Ethiopian and Portuguese kale. The products are easy-to-grow plants that can hold kids’ interest in growing their own vegetables, Hubbard said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“We need young people farming,” she said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The farmers market can pique that interest while changing the narrative about farmworkers, Soua Fang said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“There’s such a negative stereotype to being a farmworker or laborer, but yet their contribution to our society is so important for us: That’s how we can sustain ourselves,” he said. “But … it’s like we put them at the bottom of the pedestal.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Connecting and engaging with farmers places value and respect in their craft, especially when they share how they overcome barriers to becoming farmers.\u003c/p>\n\u003ch2>Are there more markets?\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>With plans for different schools to host markets on a monthly or quarterly basis, Fresno Unified and Fresno Metro Ministry hope to set up about 15 farmers markets on campuses this school year. In addition to the Fort Miller market, Phoenix Secondary Academy held a farmers market in the fall to launch the partnership, and a couple of markets have been held in collaboration with the Fresno High School Flea Market. For the rest of the school year, markets will be at:\u003c/p>\n\u003cul>\n\u003cli>Fort Miller Middle School on the first Monday of each month. The March 4 market has been rescheduled for March 18.\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>Fresno High School on the second Saturday of each month.\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>McLane High School, which is still planning dates but has confirmed April 6 for its first market.\u003c/li>\n\u003c/ul>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>Some of the designated schools are located in the middle of food deserts or serve high numbers of students experiencing food insecurity, Soua Fang said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>At other Fresno Unified schools where there may be agricultural programs offering gardening and farming, Fresno Metro Ministry hopes to “fill the last little gap” by creating a culture around farmers markets. At the Fresno High Flea Market, De León said the organization adds healthy food access to an already thriving market “to connect that bridge from community to school, so it’s not so separate.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Schools interested in hosting a farmers market should reach out to Fresno Metro Ministry.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>To host a farmers market, schools can contact De León at \u003ca href=\"mailto:chris@fresnometmin.org\">chris@fresnometmin.org\u003c/a> or Soua Fang at \u003ca href=\"mailto:yang@fresnometmin.org\">yang@fresnometmin.org\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Allen, the mother who attended the Fort Miller market in early February, said, “More schools should do this.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"https://edsource.org/2024/farmers-markets-in-this-school-district-provide-access-to-healthy-food-options/706070\">\u003cem>This story originally appeared in EdSource.\u003c/em>\u003c/a>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cp>The faculty union for the California State University system has voted to approve \u003ca href=\"https://www.calstate.edu/csu-system/faculty-staff/labor-and-employee-relations/Documents/unit3-cfa/CSU-CFA-Compilation-of-TAs-01-26-2024.pdf\">a proposed contract (PDF)\u003c/a>, ending months of intense negotiations that led to the first statewide strike in the union’s history.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"https://www.calfac.org/tentative-agreement/\">The tentative agreement\u003c/a> awards the California Faculty Association’s members a 5% raise retroactive to last July and another equal raise in the upcoming school year, on the condition that the state’s funding doesn’t decrease. An additional 2.65% salary increase for certain eligible faculty would also take effect next year.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[aside postID=news_11973654,news_11969109,news_11967471 label='More on the Negotiations']Union members will also see an increase in the amount of paid parental leave and in the minimum salary for faculty.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Seventy-six percent of voting members chose to approve the deal, according to union officials.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“We’ve been told that it was the largest turnout rate that we’ve had on a tentative agreement. So that tells us that our faculty were very much engaged in this process,” said CFA Secretary Diane Blaire, though she did not have specific figures to share.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The vote marks the end of a months-long contentious negotiating period, in which the union accused the university of not taking their demands seriously and of walking out of one of the final bargaining sessions. University officials, for their part, suggested the union’s demands were unrealistic and would force massive budget cuts across the statewide system.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Even after a months-long mediation, the union still called for a five-day strike in January meant to shut down all 23 campuses, and the university announced it would not bargain again unless the union made further concessions.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Yet, after the first day of the planned five-day strike, the two sides announced they had reached a tentative agreement and faculty members could return to work.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But some members were dissatisfied by the strike’s unceremonious end after just one day. Dissenting faculty pointed out that the agreed-upon salary increases are notably lower than the single year 12% raise they had been demanding.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“The fact is, despite there being some benefits and positive aspects of this tentative agreement, it still maintains the status quo of disinvestment in higher education,” said Brad Erickson, a union chapter president at San Francisco State University, where faculty leaders urged a no vote on the deal. “It still is a pay cut relative to inflation, which is why we were fighting for 12%.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11973744\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 2560px\">\u003ca href=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/news/240125-sfsunovote-60-bl/\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-full wp-image-11973744\" src=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/01/240125-SFSUNoVote-60-BL-scaled.jpg\" alt=\"People form a human chain spelling the word 'No' on a green lawn.\" width=\"2560\" height=\"1707\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/01/240125-SFSUNoVote-60-BL-scaled.jpg 2560w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/01/240125-SFSUNoVote-60-BL-800x533.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/01/240125-SFSUNoVote-60-BL-1020x680.jpg 1020w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/01/240125-SFSUNoVote-60-BL-160x107.jpg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/01/240125-SFSUNoVote-60-BL-1536x1024.jpg 1536w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/01/240125-SFSUNoVote-60-BL-2048x1365.jpg 2048w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/01/240125-SFSUNoVote-60-BL-1920x1280.jpg 1920w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 2560px) 100vw, 2560px\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Faculty, students and CFA union members form a ‘No’ in The Quad at San Francisco State University on Jan. 25, 2024, to urge a ‘no’ vote on the tentative deal that ended the week’s CSU strike. \u003ccite>(Beth LaBerge/KQED)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Critics were also troubled by language tying next year’s raise to state funding as California faces a massive budget deficit and the governor looks for places to make cuts.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“It’s unfortunate, because I feel like we really had the momentum going for a [week-long] strike,” said Robin Dodds, an associate professor of special education at CSULA. “They took the deal and canceled [the strike] without consulting everyone after a day of screaming in the rain and talking about ‘5% won’t pay rent.’ And then they accepted a 5% offer.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Two members of a union committee dedicated to working on bargaining strategies even resigned from the committee within days of the deal being reached, including the committee chair.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"https://docs.google.com/document/d/1QRtstnxuYuuLEdC5cLNiK_KebrJDuBfEVqJNkgNNLS8/edit\">In a letter advocating for a rejection of the deal\u003c/a>, leaders of the San Francisco State University union chapter wrote, “We believe that the [tentative agreement] fails to address the economic and social-justice demands that we went on strike for in December and January. It provides paltry salary gains that amount to a cut, not a raise, relative to inflation; includes only aspirational language regarding counselor-to-student ratio, gender-inclusive restrooms and equipped lactation spaces.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Since SFSU released its statement at least three other union chapters at \u003ca href=\"https://theacademicworker.substack.com/p/vote-no-on-the-tentative-agreement\">CSU Los Angeles\u003c/a>, \u003ca href=\"https://drive.google.com/file/d/1EkMml8fk_DUaZicDhAjek_cqC_CErN6V/view?pli=1\">CSU San Bernardino (PDF)\u003c/a> and \u003ca href=\"https://ugc.production.linktr.ee/fed551cb-7ba2-46b3-bd37-ba98f5c6ae03_CFA-LB-EB-Statement-on-the-TA.pdf\">CSU Long Beach (PDF)\u003c/a> have issued similar statements.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>While the union initially pushed for language that said the university system would make every effort to maintain a ratio of one full-time counselor equivalent for every 1,000 to 1,500 students, the final agreement said campuses should “endeavor to reach this goal,” with plans to discuss those efforts in 2026.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Dodds said counseling resources are particularly important to her as a mother of two college-aged sons who have experienced mental health crises before.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“They want to go to Cal State L.A., they’re going to community college right now. But Cal State L.A. only has one counselor for every about 4,000 students. And this deal does nothing to ensure that that counselor ratio gets improved. All it has is some aspirational language that they’ll talk about it again in 2026. And it’s a crisis on our campus,” Dodds said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Kevin Wehr, a professor of sociology at Sacramento State University and chair of the union’s bargaining team, said he still considers the new counseling ratio goal to be a victory.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“There’s no doubt that that language reflects a compromise, and compromises are always difficult to wrap your arms around,” Wehr said. “This language is brand new in the contract. We have never had management agree in any way, shape or form to put these ratios into the contract, we have tried. This is, I think, our third time bargaining around this issue.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Wehr emphasized that bargaining is meant to be, “an iterative process. You don’t get everything you want the first time through. You get something in, and then you build upon it.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But Wehr also conceded that he could not recall seeing such strong opposition to a tentative agreement in his more than 20 years with the union.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Although negotiations are over for now, some faculty members have begun spreading a\u003ca href=\"https://actionnetwork.org/petitions/initiative-to-elect-our-bargaining-team-and-open-bargaining/\"> petition to change the union’s bylaws\u003c/a> so that bargaining team members are directly elected by the union’s members, rather than appointed by the union’s president. The petition had more than 1,000 signatures at time of publication.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“There’s been a plan from the start that, win or lose, up or down on the tentative agreement, that the ‘vote no’ campaign is already becoming the ‘democratize the CFA’ campaign,” said Erickson, the chapter president SF State. “I really see this as a positive opportunity for members to become more engaged and to look at the way that some of the procedures that are more opaque or less participatory, that we democratize them rather than try to destroy our own union.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“We’re completely devoted to increasing member participation, increasing transparency in the process, so I think it is something that we are interested in looking into and considering,” said Blaire, the union secretary.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The last remaining step is for the university officials to vote on the deal, which will likely occur during a multi-day Board of Trustees meeting in late March, according to CSU officials.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>However, the relative peace is unlikely to last long. The contract expires next summer, meaning the union will likely begin internal conversations about bargaining priorities for the next contract as soon as this fall.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad floatright]\u003c/p>\n",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>The faculty union for the California State University system has voted to approve \u003ca href=\"https://www.calstate.edu/csu-system/faculty-staff/labor-and-employee-relations/Documents/unit3-cfa/CSU-CFA-Compilation-of-TAs-01-26-2024.pdf\">a proposed contract (PDF)\u003c/a>, ending months of intense negotiations that led to the first statewide strike in the union’s history.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"https://www.calfac.org/tentative-agreement/\">The tentative agreement\u003c/a> awards the California Faculty Association’s members a 5% raise retroactive to last July and another equal raise in the upcoming school year, on the condition that the state’s funding doesn’t decrease. An additional 2.65% salary increase for certain eligible faculty would also take effect next year.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>Union members will also see an increase in the amount of paid parental leave and in the minimum salary for faculty.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Seventy-six percent of voting members chose to approve the deal, according to union officials.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“We’ve been told that it was the largest turnout rate that we’ve had on a tentative agreement. So that tells us that our faculty were very much engaged in this process,” said CFA Secretary Diane Blaire, though she did not have specific figures to share.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The vote marks the end of a months-long contentious negotiating period, in which the union accused the university of not taking their demands seriously and of walking out of one of the final bargaining sessions. University officials, for their part, suggested the union’s demands were unrealistic and would force massive budget cuts across the statewide system.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Even after a months-long mediation, the union still called for a five-day strike in January meant to shut down all 23 campuses, and the university announced it would not bargain again unless the union made further concessions.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Yet, after the first day of the planned five-day strike, the two sides announced they had reached a tentative agreement and faculty members could return to work.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But some members were dissatisfied by the strike’s unceremonious end after just one day. Dissenting faculty pointed out that the agreed-upon salary increases are notably lower than the single year 12% raise they had been demanding.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“The fact is, despite there being some benefits and positive aspects of this tentative agreement, it still maintains the status quo of disinvestment in higher education,” said Brad Erickson, a union chapter president at San Francisco State University, where faculty leaders urged a no vote on the deal. “It still is a pay cut relative to inflation, which is why we were fighting for 12%.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11973744\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 2560px\">\u003ca href=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/news/240125-sfsunovote-60-bl/\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-full wp-image-11973744\" src=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/01/240125-SFSUNoVote-60-BL-scaled.jpg\" alt=\"People form a human chain spelling the word 'No' on a green lawn.\" width=\"2560\" height=\"1707\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/01/240125-SFSUNoVote-60-BL-scaled.jpg 2560w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/01/240125-SFSUNoVote-60-BL-800x533.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/01/240125-SFSUNoVote-60-BL-1020x680.jpg 1020w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/01/240125-SFSUNoVote-60-BL-160x107.jpg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/01/240125-SFSUNoVote-60-BL-1536x1024.jpg 1536w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/01/240125-SFSUNoVote-60-BL-2048x1365.jpg 2048w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/01/240125-SFSUNoVote-60-BL-1920x1280.jpg 1920w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 2560px) 100vw, 2560px\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Faculty, students and CFA union members form a ‘No’ in The Quad at San Francisco State University on Jan. 25, 2024, to urge a ‘no’ vote on the tentative deal that ended the week’s CSU strike. \u003ccite>(Beth LaBerge/KQED)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Critics were also troubled by language tying next year’s raise to state funding as California faces a massive budget deficit and the governor looks for places to make cuts.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“It’s unfortunate, because I feel like we really had the momentum going for a [week-long] strike,” said Robin Dodds, an associate professor of special education at CSULA. “They took the deal and canceled [the strike] without consulting everyone after a day of screaming in the rain and talking about ‘5% won’t pay rent.’ And then they accepted a 5% offer.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Two members of a union committee dedicated to working on bargaining strategies even resigned from the committee within days of the deal being reached, including the committee chair.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"https://docs.google.com/document/d/1QRtstnxuYuuLEdC5cLNiK_KebrJDuBfEVqJNkgNNLS8/edit\">In a letter advocating for a rejection of the deal\u003c/a>, leaders of the San Francisco State University union chapter wrote, “We believe that the [tentative agreement] fails to address the economic and social-justice demands that we went on strike for in December and January. It provides paltry salary gains that amount to a cut, not a raise, relative to inflation; includes only aspirational language regarding counselor-to-student ratio, gender-inclusive restrooms and equipped lactation spaces.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Since SFSU released its statement at least three other union chapters at \u003ca href=\"https://theacademicworker.substack.com/p/vote-no-on-the-tentative-agreement\">CSU Los Angeles\u003c/a>, \u003ca href=\"https://drive.google.com/file/d/1EkMml8fk_DUaZicDhAjek_cqC_CErN6V/view?pli=1\">CSU San Bernardino (PDF)\u003c/a> and \u003ca href=\"https://ugc.production.linktr.ee/fed551cb-7ba2-46b3-bd37-ba98f5c6ae03_CFA-LB-EB-Statement-on-the-TA.pdf\">CSU Long Beach (PDF)\u003c/a> have issued similar statements.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>While the union initially pushed for language that said the university system would make every effort to maintain a ratio of one full-time counselor equivalent for every 1,000 to 1,500 students, the final agreement said campuses should “endeavor to reach this goal,” with plans to discuss those efforts in 2026.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Dodds said counseling resources are particularly important to her as a mother of two college-aged sons who have experienced mental health crises before.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“They want to go to Cal State L.A., they’re going to community college right now. But Cal State L.A. only has one counselor for every about 4,000 students. And this deal does nothing to ensure that that counselor ratio gets improved. All it has is some aspirational language that they’ll talk about it again in 2026. And it’s a crisis on our campus,” Dodds said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Kevin Wehr, a professor of sociology at Sacramento State University and chair of the union’s bargaining team, said he still considers the new counseling ratio goal to be a victory.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“There’s no doubt that that language reflects a compromise, and compromises are always difficult to wrap your arms around,” Wehr said. “This language is brand new in the contract. We have never had management agree in any way, shape or form to put these ratios into the contract, we have tried. This is, I think, our third time bargaining around this issue.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Wehr emphasized that bargaining is meant to be, “an iterative process. You don’t get everything you want the first time through. You get something in, and then you build upon it.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But Wehr also conceded that he could not recall seeing such strong opposition to a tentative agreement in his more than 20 years with the union.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Although negotiations are over for now, some faculty members have begun spreading a\u003ca href=\"https://actionnetwork.org/petitions/initiative-to-elect-our-bargaining-team-and-open-bargaining/\"> petition to change the union’s bylaws\u003c/a> so that bargaining team members are directly elected by the union’s members, rather than appointed by the union’s president. The petition had more than 1,000 signatures at time of publication.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“There’s been a plan from the start that, win or lose, up or down on the tentative agreement, that the ‘vote no’ campaign is already becoming the ‘democratize the CFA’ campaign,” said Erickson, the chapter president SF State. “I really see this as a positive opportunity for members to become more engaged and to look at the way that some of the procedures that are more opaque or less participatory, that we democratize them rather than try to destroy our own union.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“We’re completely devoted to increasing member participation, increasing transparency in the process, so I think it is something that we are interested in looking into and considering,” said Blaire, the union secretary.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The last remaining step is for the university officials to vote on the deal, which will likely occur during a multi-day Board of Trustees meeting in late March, according to CSU officials.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>However, the relative peace is unlikely to last long. The contract expires next summer, meaning the union will likely begin internal conversations about bargaining priorities for the next contract as soon as this fall.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"info": "Possible is hosted by entrepreneur Reid Hoffman and writer Aria Finger. Together in Possible, Hoffman and Finger lead enlightening discussions about building a brighter collective future. The show features interviews with visionary guests like Trevor Noah, Sam Altman and Janette Sadik-Khan. Possible paints an optimistic portrait of the world we can create through science, policy, business, art and our shared humanity. It asks: What if everything goes right for once? How can we get there? Each episode also includes a short fiction story generated by advanced AI GPT-4, serving as a thought-provoking springboard to speculate how humanity could leverage technology for good.",
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"soldout": {
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"title": "SOLD OUT: Rethinking Housing in America",
"tagline": "A new future for housing",
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