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"disqusTitle": "Students Loan Interest Rate Hike Could Mean an Extra $4,000 in Debt",
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"content": "\u003cp>\u003cstrong>by Charla Bear\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>California congressional representatives are joining students in the nation's capital today to try to stop a student loan interest rate hike. If Congress doesn't act by July 1, rates on federally subsidized Stafford loans will double.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_100567\" class=\"wp-caption alignright\" style=\"max-width: 300px\">\u003cimg class=\"size-medium wp-image-100567\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2013/06/5177_transform-300x199.jpg\" alt=\"UC Berkeley junior Briana Mullen says she's worried that if interest rates on her federally-subsidized student loans double, she may have to change career paths from education policy to a field that pays more. (Charla Bear/KQED)\" width=\"300\" height=\"199\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">UC Berkeley junior Briana Mullen says she's worried that if interest rates on her federally subsidized student loans double, she may have to change career paths from education policy to a field that pays more. (Charla Bear/KQED)\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>While fewer California students borrow money for school than the national average, many do take out the maximum in subsidized loans. For them, the rate increase could translate to $4,000 more debt.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>To UC Berkeley student Briana Mullen, almost nothing sounds scarier.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“I grew up in a household where we were often strapped for cash and I saw the effect of struggling for money,” she says. “And I saw the fights that would occur since I was 10 years old.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Her sophomore year in high school, things got worse. During the recession, she says both of her parents lost their jobs, right after they'd bought a house in Concord.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Then because of the housing bubble we were forced to foreclose on that home,” she says. “And so it was kind of the perfect storm of bad circumstances that hit.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Mullen says the only way for her to go to college was to rely on federally subsidized loans with low interest rates. Now, she’s facing a doubling of those interest rates – from 3.4 percent to 6.8 percent -- on everything she borrows between now and graduation in two years.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“It’s a helpless feeling in the fact that I’ve tried to control as many circumstances as possible - my own financial stability, how I go to school, then to have these external things affect it,” she says. “It’s frustrating and it makes me unsure of the future.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>\u003c!--more-->The Politics of Interest Rates\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Lauren Asher, president of the Institute for College Access and Success in Oakland, says it makes no sense to let subsidized loan rates double when interest rates in the economy are still very low and students are facing a tough time in the job market. She says it will only contribute to the growing problem of student debt that’s already surpassed $1 trillion.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“In 1993, less than half of all four-year college students graduated with loans,\" Asher said. \"Right now it’s at least two-thirds, and what they’re borrowing is far greater.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Part of the problem, Asher says, is that Congress has historically set interest rates for student loans somewhat arbitrarily. When Republicans wanted to reduce the deficit in 2006, rates went up. When Democrats took control of Congress the following year, they passed California Rep. George Miller's bill that stepped rates down over five years. That bill expired last year.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“I believe the thought was that they would’ve passed a more permanent solution in those five years of stepping down, but they failed to do that,” says Rachelle Feldman, director of financial aid at UC Berkeley. “Last year they managed to get together -- with all the pressure from student groups being very key and the election cycle being key -- and pass a one-year extension of the 3.4 percent interest rates. This year, that issue has gotten sort of lost in other federal issues before Congress.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Schools Ramp Up Loan Education\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>As a response to the overall trends in student debt, Feldman says financial aid offices like hers are developing new tools to help students borrow smarter. The government only requires counseling for their first loans and after their last, nothing in between. So schools have started stepping up efforts to bridge the gap.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>UC Berkeley students borrowing more than the average are now required to meet in person with financial aid officers and go over budgets and do estimates of the final cost of repaying their loans. The department is also developing a peer-mentoring program about financial literacy and debt education for its 25,000 undergraduates, since the 40-person office can’t reach them all individually.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“We don’t want students to be afraid. Education is one of the best ways to get out of a poor financial situation,” Feldman says.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Student Briana Mullen says if interest rates double, it won't stop her from graduating. It may force her to change career paths, though, from education policy to something she likes less that pays more. Not to mention the pressures on the rest of her life.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Higher interest rates means I’m looking at longer term to pay off my loans,” she says. “And that means not buying a house and not starting a family immediately.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Mullen says that for students like her the best hope is that Congress will pass another short-term extension to the current interest rate. So far, the two parties \u003ca href=\"http://www.ticas.org/files/pub/TICAS_Comparison_of_Interest_Rate_Proposals_05-17-13_FINAL.pdf\">haven't been able to compromise on a permanent solution\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\n",
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"description": "by Charla Bear California congressional representatives are joining students in the nation's capital today to try to stop a student loan interest rate hike. If Congress doesn't act by July 1, rates on federally subsidized Stafford loans will double. While fewer California students borrow money for school than the national average, many do take out",
"title": "Students Loan Interest Rate Hike Could Mean an Extra $4,000 in Debt | KQED",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>\u003cstrong>by Charla Bear\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>California congressional representatives are joining students in the nation's capital today to try to stop a student loan interest rate hike. If Congress doesn't act by July 1, rates on federally subsidized Stafford loans will double.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_100567\" class=\"wp-caption alignright\" style=\"max-width: 300px\">\u003cimg class=\"size-medium wp-image-100567\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2013/06/5177_transform-300x199.jpg\" alt=\"UC Berkeley junior Briana Mullen says she's worried that if interest rates on her federally-subsidized student loans double, she may have to change career paths from education policy to a field that pays more. (Charla Bear/KQED)\" width=\"300\" height=\"199\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">UC Berkeley junior Briana Mullen says she's worried that if interest rates on her federally subsidized student loans double, she may have to change career paths from education policy to a field that pays more. (Charla Bear/KQED)\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>While fewer California students borrow money for school than the national average, many do take out the maximum in subsidized loans. For them, the rate increase could translate to $4,000 more debt.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>To UC Berkeley student Briana Mullen, almost nothing sounds scarier.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“I grew up in a household where we were often strapped for cash and I saw the effect of struggling for money,” she says. “And I saw the fights that would occur since I was 10 years old.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Her sophomore year in high school, things got worse. During the recession, she says both of her parents lost their jobs, right after they'd bought a house in Concord.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Then because of the housing bubble we were forced to foreclose on that home,” she says. “And so it was kind of the perfect storm of bad circumstances that hit.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Mullen says the only way for her to go to college was to rely on federally subsidized loans with low interest rates. Now, she’s facing a doubling of those interest rates – from 3.4 percent to 6.8 percent -- on everything she borrows between now and graduation in two years.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“It’s a helpless feeling in the fact that I’ve tried to control as many circumstances as possible - my own financial stability, how I go to school, then to have these external things affect it,” she says. “It’s frustrating and it makes me unsure of the future.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>\u003c!--more-->The Politics of Interest Rates\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Lauren Asher, president of the Institute for College Access and Success in Oakland, says it makes no sense to let subsidized loan rates double when interest rates in the economy are still very low and students are facing a tough time in the job market. She says it will only contribute to the growing problem of student debt that’s already surpassed $1 trillion.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“In 1993, less than half of all four-year college students graduated with loans,\" Asher said. \"Right now it’s at least two-thirds, and what they’re borrowing is far greater.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Part of the problem, Asher says, is that Congress has historically set interest rates for student loans somewhat arbitrarily. When Republicans wanted to reduce the deficit in 2006, rates went up. When Democrats took control of Congress the following year, they passed California Rep. George Miller's bill that stepped rates down over five years. That bill expired last year.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“I believe the thought was that they would’ve passed a more permanent solution in those five years of stepping down, but they failed to do that,” says Rachelle Feldman, director of financial aid at UC Berkeley. “Last year they managed to get together -- with all the pressure from student groups being very key and the election cycle being key -- and pass a one-year extension of the 3.4 percent interest rates. This year, that issue has gotten sort of lost in other federal issues before Congress.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Schools Ramp Up Loan Education\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>As a response to the overall trends in student debt, Feldman says financial aid offices like hers are developing new tools to help students borrow smarter. The government only requires counseling for their first loans and after their last, nothing in between. So schools have started stepping up efforts to bridge the gap.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>UC Berkeley students borrowing more than the average are now required to meet in person with financial aid officers and go over budgets and do estimates of the final cost of repaying their loans. The department is also developing a peer-mentoring program about financial literacy and debt education for its 25,000 undergraduates, since the 40-person office can’t reach them all individually.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“We don’t want students to be afraid. Education is one of the best ways to get out of a poor financial situation,” Feldman says.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Student Briana Mullen says if interest rates double, it won't stop her from graduating. It may force her to change career paths, though, from education policy to something she likes less that pays more. Not to mention the pressures on the rest of her life.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Higher interest rates means I’m looking at longer term to pay off my loans,” she says. “And that means not buying a house and not starting a family immediately.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Mullen says that for students like her the best hope is that Congress will pass another short-term extension to the current interest rate. So far, the two parties \u003ca href=\"http://www.ticas.org/files/pub/TICAS_Comparison_of_Interest_Rate_Proposals_05-17-13_FINAL.pdf\">haven't been able to compromise on a permanent solution\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>",
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"disqusTitle": "Berkeley Schools Make Commitment to Recycling After Lagging Behind",
"title": "Berkeley Schools Make Commitment to Recycling After Lagging Behind",
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"content": "\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_100133\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 640px\">\u003cimg class=\"size-full wp-image-100133\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2013/06/Berkeley-composting.jpg\" alt=\"Students at John Muir Elementary sort for composting and recycling. (Courtesy of Green Schools Initiative)\" width=\"640\" height=\"360\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Students at John Muir Elementary sort for composting and recycling. (Courtesy of Green Schools Initiative)\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>By Mary Flaherty, \u003ca href=\"http://www.berkeleyside.com/2013/06/17/berkeley-school-recycling-gets-back-on-track/\">Berkeleyside\u003c/a>\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Berkeley schools are making a renewed commitment to recycling and composting after efforts slacked off over the past five years.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>This year, a local nonprofit, \u003ca href=\"http://www.greenschools.net/\">Green Schools Initiative\u003c/a>, has worked with eight Berkeley schools, revitalizing recycling and composting programs. Green Schools was just awarded a grant for next year, so it can work with another eight schools in the fall.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>According to Deborah Moore, executive director of Green Schools Initiative, recycling and composting not only are good for reducing landfill and greenhouse gases but also can reduce the district’s spending.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“The Berkeley school district has potential to be saving $50,000 a year out of about $350,000 spent on trash pickup,” Moore said.\u003c/p>\n\u003caside class=\"pullquote alignleft\">How could it be that the Berkeley school district isn’t at the head of the class when it comes to recycling?\u003c/aside>\n\u003cp>“In general, schools pay less money if they put out less trash, because recyclables have a dollar value,” said Mark Spencer of \u003ca href=\"http://www.stopwaste.org/\">StopWaste\u003c/a>, the combined Alameda County Waste Management Authority and Alameda County Source Reduction and Recycling Board.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In addition to Green Schools’ work, the Berkeley school board \u003ca href=\"http://www.berkeleyschools.net/wp-content/uploads/2013/06/06-12-13_packet.pdf\">approved a resolution\u003c/a> at its June 12 meeting to become a “priority partner” with Alameda County Waste Management. That will secure educational programs for students in exchange for the district’s commitment to recycle and compost 90 percent of what can be recycled and composted by 2020 – the same goal, by the way, that’s been set for cities countywide.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The district will have to work to meet that goal, because as of June 2012 Berkeley schools were diverting – that is recycling and composting — just 36 percent of their total waste (including waste that is not recyclable or compostable). \u003c!--more-->\u003cimg class=\"alignleft size-full wp-image-100002\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2013/06/Berkeleyside-logo-small.jpg\" alt=\"Berkeleyside-logo-small\" width=\"163\" height=\"38\">Neighboring school districts were doing far better last year: Alameda schools diverted 64 percent of trash, Albany 57 percent and Oakland nearly 50 percent. A typical school’s waste is estimated at about 95 percent recyclable or compostable.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>How could it be that the Berkeley school district isn’t at the head of the class when it comes to recycling? After all, the city was the \u003ca href=\"http://ecologycenter.org/recycling/about/\">first in the nation to offer curbside recycling pickup \u003c/a>back in 1973, and today the residential diversion rate is 76 percent.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“It’s incredibly ironic,” agreed StopWaste’s Spencer.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But five and 10 years ago, the schools were actually doing a better job with waste – recycling and composting about half of it, estimate several people involved. That was above average at the time for schools in the county, Spencer said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>EARLY EFFORTS PAY OFF\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In 1998, then-Berkeley High parent Beebo Turman volunteered to promote recycling. Securing a grant, she started with five schools the first year, getting bins and signs and visiting every classroom to teach kids, she said. She got composting going in schools where a garden or science teacher would make compost – this was before curbside collection. Turman added five schools a year until she had them all covered.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“I was a nuisance to some principals,” she said. It was hard work, she said. “After five years I said, ‘That’s it, I’ve done what I can do.’ ”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Turman passed the job on to another parent, Marcy Greenhut. The city’s waste management department had been paying first Turman, then Greenhut a small salary. When the city decided to cut the position, Greenhut said she asked the school district to pay her $25,000 a year, showing that recycling efforts were saving the schools $100,000 a year.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The district didn’t or couldn’t offer Greenhut pay – she doesn’t know why — and she, too, moved on to another job in early 2008.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>SYSTEM DECAYS FROM NEGLECT, LACK OF LEADERSHIP\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>With the recycling systems in place, it would seem like the program would continue to run. Not so, say the waste experts. Every year, “trained” students graduate, replaced by kindergartners. Staff and custodians turn over with time. And there is no one to keep the momentum going.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Greenhut said that even summer vacation –when custodians scrub the bins and store them away – can break down the system.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>By the time Longfellow Middle School parent Anushka Drescher launched new composting and recycling efforts this year, recycling was almost nonexistent at the school, she said. Some teachers had classroom bins for paper, most not clearly marked – and didn’t realize those were getting put in the trash, not recycled, by the custodian. There was no recycling at all in the lunchroom.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But, said Spencer at StopWaste, “I would hesitate to blame the schools. They have the same challenges as elsewhere: not enough resources for teaching. It’s understandable that recycling has gone by the wayside.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Turman added, “It’s sad to say you need a coordinator, but you do.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>A NEW PUSH FOR SCHOOL RECYCLING\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>That’s where the Berkeley-based Green Schools Initiative comes in. Two years ago, the group ran a pilot program at Rosa Parks Elementary School, which now diverts more than 50 percent of its trash. Then Green Schools got grants from the \u003ca href=\"http://altamonteab.org/\">Altamont Education Advisory Board\u003c/a> and the \u003ca href=\"http://www.clifbarfamilyfoundation.org/\">Clif Bar Family Foundation\u003c/a>, and last year the group formed “green teams” of teachers, administrators and parents at Washington, Jefferson, Oxford, John Muir and Rosa Parks elementary schools, Longfellow and King middle schools, and Berkeley High School.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Green Schools also organized a districtwide symposium on recycling and composting for custodians last October.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Most schools had some amount of recycling going on, Moore said. But at many of them, for example, “the compost containers had turned into another trash can,” she said. The group’s goals were to increase recycling and composting, and also to reduce contamination (for example, no recyclables in compost, no food in trash).\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>An audit was done at each school, and the green teams, including students, then improved composting and recycling efforts with signs, education and monitoring.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>It’s not enough to put out the bins and expect sorting to follow. At Oxford School, during one recent lunch, third-grade monitors Kovas and Lev were on duty to help kids sort trash. Some kids were careful, some were clueless. And try “educating” 6-year olds in a noisy lunchroom; what Kovas and Lev spent most of the time doing was moving food and plastics from the wrong bins to the right ones.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Those efforts have produced results. Oxford teacher Jackie Omania, who heads up the school’s Green Team, pointed to an entry in her class’s log for the cafeteria – March 15: compost, 64 gallons; landfill (trash), 16 gallons.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>MAKING PROGRESS WITH NEW FOCUS\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Indeed, a number of the schools are now showing improvement, Spencer said. John Muir, Rosa Parks and Jefferson are all diverting more than 50 percent of their trash. At King, where paper towels in the bathrooms are being composted, the diversion rate is 63 percent.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>At Longfellow, Drescher and her student team of “Green Tigers” got composting going in the lunchroom and collection of paper recycling from classrooms. Pickup for one of the school’s three trash dumpsters was canceled. At Berkeley High students have collected about 640 pounds of bottles and cans this year and improved composting in the cafeteria.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Spencer expects Berkeley’s 36 percent diversion rate will go up when all numbers are tallied.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Meanwhile, StopWaste provides another set of services to the schools. The agency offers free field trips (bus included) to the\u003ca href=\"http://www.dsgardencenter.com/\"> Davis Street transfer station in San Leandro\u003c/a>, where the kids see a machine sort recyclables and then visit “the pit” – all the garbage destined for landfill – and see how much of that trash is recyclable and compostable. From Berkeley, eight fourth-grade classes and one high school group took the field trip this school year.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>StopWaste also sends educators to fifth-grade classrooms to work on waste-related projects. Students identify a problem at their school (such as not composting or using only one side of paper), create a plan, implement it and analyze the results. Eight Berkeley fifth-grade classes used this service this school year.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Because of anticipated budget cuts, StopWaste decided it couldn’t provide these programs to every school in the county in the future. So it’s prioritizing committed districts by asking them to sign the agreement. That means they’ll aim for the 90 percent recycling and composting goal, create a policy and keep statistics. This is the agreement the school board passed last week.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>On June 10, Green Schools heard that it would get a grant for $32,000 from the Altamont Education Advisory Board to work with the remaining K-12 schools in Berkeley next year: Cragmont, Berkeley Arts Magnet, Malcolm X, Emerson, LeConte and Thousand Oaks elementary schools, Willard Middle School, Berkeley Independent Study and the Berkeley Technology Academy. They’ll continue to work with this year’s schools, too.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The challenge, recent history shows, will be making the programs sustainable.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“We want to figure out how the district can do this on their own,” Moore said. “We want our schools to live up to Berkeley’s values.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad floatright]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“What we’ve seen in other districts,” said StopWaste’s Spencer, “is recycling doesn’t work if you say it’s the custodians' job. Recycling has to be everyone’s job — teachers, kids, administrators.”\u003c/p>\n\n",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_100133\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 640px\">\u003cimg class=\"size-full wp-image-100133\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2013/06/Berkeley-composting.jpg\" alt=\"Students at John Muir Elementary sort for composting and recycling. (Courtesy of Green Schools Initiative)\" width=\"640\" height=\"360\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Students at John Muir Elementary sort for composting and recycling. (Courtesy of Green Schools Initiative)\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>By Mary Flaherty, \u003ca href=\"http://www.berkeleyside.com/2013/06/17/berkeley-school-recycling-gets-back-on-track/\">Berkeleyside\u003c/a>\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Berkeley schools are making a renewed commitment to recycling and composting after efforts slacked off over the past five years.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>This year, a local nonprofit, \u003ca href=\"http://www.greenschools.net/\">Green Schools Initiative\u003c/a>, has worked with eight Berkeley schools, revitalizing recycling and composting programs. Green Schools was just awarded a grant for next year, so it can work with another eight schools in the fall.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>According to Deborah Moore, executive director of Green Schools Initiative, recycling and composting not only are good for reducing landfill and greenhouse gases but also can reduce the district’s spending.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“The Berkeley school district has potential to be saving $50,000 a year out of about $350,000 spent on trash pickup,” Moore said.\u003c/p>\n\u003caside class=\"pullquote alignleft\">How could it be that the Berkeley school district isn’t at the head of the class when it comes to recycling?\u003c/aside>\n\u003cp>“In general, schools pay less money if they put out less trash, because recyclables have a dollar value,” said Mark Spencer of \u003ca href=\"http://www.stopwaste.org/\">StopWaste\u003c/a>, the combined Alameda County Waste Management Authority and Alameda County Source Reduction and Recycling Board.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In addition to Green Schools’ work, the Berkeley school board \u003ca href=\"http://www.berkeleyschools.net/wp-content/uploads/2013/06/06-12-13_packet.pdf\">approved a resolution\u003c/a> at its June 12 meeting to become a “priority partner” with Alameda County Waste Management. That will secure educational programs for students in exchange for the district’s commitment to recycle and compost 90 percent of what can be recycled and composted by 2020 – the same goal, by the way, that’s been set for cities countywide.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The district will have to work to meet that goal, because as of June 2012 Berkeley schools were diverting – that is recycling and composting — just 36 percent of their total waste (including waste that is not recyclable or compostable). \u003c!--more-->\u003cimg class=\"alignleft size-full wp-image-100002\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2013/06/Berkeleyside-logo-small.jpg\" alt=\"Berkeleyside-logo-small\" width=\"163\" height=\"38\">Neighboring school districts were doing far better last year: Alameda schools diverted 64 percent of trash, Albany 57 percent and Oakland nearly 50 percent. A typical school’s waste is estimated at about 95 percent recyclable or compostable.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>How could it be that the Berkeley school district isn’t at the head of the class when it comes to recycling? After all, the city was the \u003ca href=\"http://ecologycenter.org/recycling/about/\">first in the nation to offer curbside recycling pickup \u003c/a>back in 1973, and today the residential diversion rate is 76 percent.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“It’s incredibly ironic,” agreed StopWaste’s Spencer.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But five and 10 years ago, the schools were actually doing a better job with waste – recycling and composting about half of it, estimate several people involved. That was above average at the time for schools in the county, Spencer said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>EARLY EFFORTS PAY OFF\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In 1998, then-Berkeley High parent Beebo Turman volunteered to promote recycling. Securing a grant, she started with five schools the first year, getting bins and signs and visiting every classroom to teach kids, she said. She got composting going in schools where a garden or science teacher would make compost – this was before curbside collection. Turman added five schools a year until she had them all covered.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“I was a nuisance to some principals,” she said. It was hard work, she said. “After five years I said, ‘That’s it, I’ve done what I can do.’ ”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Turman passed the job on to another parent, Marcy Greenhut. The city’s waste management department had been paying first Turman, then Greenhut a small salary. When the city decided to cut the position, Greenhut said she asked the school district to pay her $25,000 a year, showing that recycling efforts were saving the schools $100,000 a year.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The district didn’t or couldn’t offer Greenhut pay – she doesn’t know why — and she, too, moved on to another job in early 2008.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>SYSTEM DECAYS FROM NEGLECT, LACK OF LEADERSHIP\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>With the recycling systems in place, it would seem like the program would continue to run. Not so, say the waste experts. Every year, “trained” students graduate, replaced by kindergartners. Staff and custodians turn over with time. And there is no one to keep the momentum going.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Greenhut said that even summer vacation –when custodians scrub the bins and store them away – can break down the system.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>By the time Longfellow Middle School parent Anushka Drescher launched new composting and recycling efforts this year, recycling was almost nonexistent at the school, she said. Some teachers had classroom bins for paper, most not clearly marked – and didn’t realize those were getting put in the trash, not recycled, by the custodian. There was no recycling at all in the lunchroom.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But, said Spencer at StopWaste, “I would hesitate to blame the schools. They have the same challenges as elsewhere: not enough resources for teaching. It’s understandable that recycling has gone by the wayside.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Turman added, “It’s sad to say you need a coordinator, but you do.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>A NEW PUSH FOR SCHOOL RECYCLING\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>That’s where the Berkeley-based Green Schools Initiative comes in. Two years ago, the group ran a pilot program at Rosa Parks Elementary School, which now diverts more than 50 percent of its trash. Then Green Schools got grants from the \u003ca href=\"http://altamonteab.org/\">Altamont Education Advisory Board\u003c/a> and the \u003ca href=\"http://www.clifbarfamilyfoundation.org/\">Clif Bar Family Foundation\u003c/a>, and last year the group formed “green teams” of teachers, administrators and parents at Washington, Jefferson, Oxford, John Muir and Rosa Parks elementary schools, Longfellow and King middle schools, and Berkeley High School.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Green Schools also organized a districtwide symposium on recycling and composting for custodians last October.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Most schools had some amount of recycling going on, Moore said. But at many of them, for example, “the compost containers had turned into another trash can,” she said. The group’s goals were to increase recycling and composting, and also to reduce contamination (for example, no recyclables in compost, no food in trash).\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>An audit was done at each school, and the green teams, including students, then improved composting and recycling efforts with signs, education and monitoring.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>It’s not enough to put out the bins and expect sorting to follow. At Oxford School, during one recent lunch, third-grade monitors Kovas and Lev were on duty to help kids sort trash. Some kids were careful, some were clueless. And try “educating” 6-year olds in a noisy lunchroom; what Kovas and Lev spent most of the time doing was moving food and plastics from the wrong bins to the right ones.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Those efforts have produced results. Oxford teacher Jackie Omania, who heads up the school’s Green Team, pointed to an entry in her class’s log for the cafeteria – March 15: compost, 64 gallons; landfill (trash), 16 gallons.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>MAKING PROGRESS WITH NEW FOCUS\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Indeed, a number of the schools are now showing improvement, Spencer said. John Muir, Rosa Parks and Jefferson are all diverting more than 50 percent of their trash. At King, where paper towels in the bathrooms are being composted, the diversion rate is 63 percent.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>At Longfellow, Drescher and her student team of “Green Tigers” got composting going in the lunchroom and collection of paper recycling from classrooms. Pickup for one of the school’s three trash dumpsters was canceled. At Berkeley High students have collected about 640 pounds of bottles and cans this year and improved composting in the cafeteria.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Spencer expects Berkeley’s 36 percent diversion rate will go up when all numbers are tallied.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Meanwhile, StopWaste provides another set of services to the schools. The agency offers free field trips (bus included) to the\u003ca href=\"http://www.dsgardencenter.com/\"> Davis Street transfer station in San Leandro\u003c/a>, where the kids see a machine sort recyclables and then visit “the pit” – all the garbage destined for landfill – and see how much of that trash is recyclable and compostable. From Berkeley, eight fourth-grade classes and one high school group took the field trip this school year.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>StopWaste also sends educators to fifth-grade classrooms to work on waste-related projects. Students identify a problem at their school (such as not composting or using only one side of paper), create a plan, implement it and analyze the results. Eight Berkeley fifth-grade classes used this service this school year.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Because of anticipated budget cuts, StopWaste decided it couldn’t provide these programs to every school in the county in the future. So it’s prioritizing committed districts by asking them to sign the agreement. That means they’ll aim for the 90 percent recycling and composting goal, create a policy and keep statistics. This is the agreement the school board passed last week.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>On June 10, Green Schools heard that it would get a grant for $32,000 from the Altamont Education Advisory Board to work with the remaining K-12 schools in Berkeley next year: Cragmont, Berkeley Arts Magnet, Malcolm X, Emerson, LeConte and Thousand Oaks elementary schools, Willard Middle School, Berkeley Independent Study and the Berkeley Technology Academy. They’ll continue to work with this year’s schools, too.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The challenge, recent history shows, will be making the programs sustainable.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“We want to figure out how the district can do this on their own,” Moore said. “We want our schools to live up to Berkeley’s values.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“What we’ve seen in other districts,” said StopWaste’s Spencer, “is recycling doesn’t work if you say it’s the custodians' job. Recycling has to be everyone’s job — teachers, kids, administrators.”\u003c/p>\n\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>",
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"content": "\u003cp>\u003cstrong>By Lance Knobel, \u003ca href=\"http://www.berkeleyside.com/\">Berkeleyside\u003c/a>\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_99996\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 640px\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2013/06/Sheila-Quintana2.jpg\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-full wp-image-99996 \" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2013/06/Sheila-Quintana2.jpg\" alt=\"Sheila Quintana Principal at B-Tech, with students. (Mark Coplan / Berkeleyside)\" width=\"640\" height=\"360\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Sheila Quintana Principal at B-Tech, with students. (Mark Coplan / Berkeleyside)\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>This Friday, nearly 800 students from Berkeley High will attend their graduation ceremony at the historic Hearst Greek Theatre. But with equal fanfare, they’ll be joined by 62 seniors from \u003ca href=\"http://www.berkeleyschools.net/schools/high-schools/berkeley-technology-academy/\">Berkeley Technology Academy\u003c/a> (B-Tech). Compared to the many hundreds from BHS, that might not sound like a lot, but consider this: two years ago, only seven \u003ca href=\"http://www.btechacademy.org/\">B-Tech\u003c/a> students graduated.\u003c!--more-->\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>B-Tech provides a continuation high school diploma program for students who have either involuntarily been placed because of violations of \u003ca href=\"http://www.leginfo.ca.gov/cgi-bin/displaycode?section=edc&group=48001-49000&file=48900-48927\">Education Code 48900\u003c/a> or have chosen to be placed there because they are falling behind in academic credits at BHS. Many of the students are economically disadvantaged, nearly a third are homeless, and many have direct experience of violence and incarceration in their community. It’s a small school, with enrollment around 150, many of them in their senior year. The 62 B-Tech graduates this year are part of a class of 73 seniors.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“I want all 73 seniors graduating,” said Sheila Quintana, principal of B-Tech since July, 2011\u003ca href=\"http://www.berkeleyside.com/\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"alignright size-full wp-image-100002\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2013/06/Berkeleyside-logo-small.jpg\" alt=\"Berkeleyside-logo-small\" width=\"163\" height=\"38\">\u003c/a>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The statistical evidence of the change wrought by Quintana on the school is undeniable. From seven graduates out of 60 seniors in 2011, the school advanced to 44 out of 55 in 2012, to the 62 out of 73 this year. Attendance, too, has improved. Last school year, B-Tech had 59% attendance; this year, it’s 93%. B-Tech’s curriculum also acquired approval for the \u003ca href=\"http://www.ucop.edu/agguide/\">University of California’s “A-G” requirements\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The visiting committee of the Western Association of Schools and Colleges (WASC) recognized the strides \u003ca href=\"http://www.berkeleyschools.net/wp-content/uploads/2013/05/05-15-13_Packet.pdf\">being made by B-Tech in its April 2013 report \u003c/a>(the WASC report is pp 103-112 of the school board packet):\u003c/p>\n\u003cblockquote>\u003cp>The principal of the school has been instrumental in bringing about important changes and improvements, and has developed a relationship with the District leadership that B-Tech staff view as greatly improved. Her efficient preparation included the involvement of the entire B-Tech staff in the WASC process. Her staff has also acknowledged her for her transparent leadership and guiding the staff in creating a more nurturing environment for students.\u003c/p>\u003c/blockquote>\n\u003cp>Quintana does not mince words when she talks about the key elements of her transformation.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“The focus on curriculum has been the biggest piece for us,” she said. “When I came in in 2011, B-Tech had no textbooks. The mindset was this was not a real school. The teaching staff left around 1:30 every day. The tone was bad.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Classes at B-Tech are in double blocks, so there are only four, comparatively long classes each day. According to Quintana, that gives both teachers and students more time to dig into the material and cover a lot of ground in a short period of time.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Students are able to recover a full year’s worth of English, math, history and science in one semester,” Quintana said.\u003c/p>\n\u003caside class=\"pullquote alignleft\">“It’s not a small thing that B-Tech students will be walking the stage at the Greek Theatre.”\u003c/aside>\n\u003cp>The WASC report also noted that the double blocked schedule creates fewer transitions in the school day, reducing potential conflict situations and opportunities for truancy. If students are absent for either first or third block, the school calls their home.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>B-Tech also puts a particular emphasis on technology education. The school has one iMac lab and is opening a second soon.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“The students love technology so that’s a great motivator,” Quintana said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The school also recognizes the particular stresses and problems its students face.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“The psychosocial piece is huge,” Quintana said. “The majority of our day is removing the barriers. And sometimes its an individualized thing. We cocoon the student and we have adults who we identify to be with the student. The kids believe the whole community is checking in on them. Some of them, no one has ever checked in on them.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Quintana said that the school develops an individual strategy for each student, and its implementation includes a home visit.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“That shocks them when we do the home visits,” she said. “We really, really want our kids to excel.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Karen Hemphill, Chair of the BUSD School Board, said Quintana’s focus on individualized plans for students is just one of the many good things she has brought to the school.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“She cares deeply about the students there,” she said. “She’s doing a fantastic job.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>It has been about Quintana’s emphasis on the basics, Hemphill continued, citing as an example the way she has been very strong on finding alternative ways for students to make up academic credits. (Credit deficiency is often a reason students go to B-Tech in the first place.) Quintana has students enrolled at Berkeley City College and doing make-up classes, for instance.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Quintana has also forged a close relationship with the Principal of Berkeley High, Pasquale Scuderi, said Hemphill, something that has not always been the case. “It’s not a small thing that B-Tech students will be walking the stage at the Greek Theatre tomorrow,” she said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>B-Tech also has strong counseling services, and partners with a number of programs to address drug use and violence, including the \u003ca href=\"http://www.street-soldiers.org/conference.htm\">Alive and Free curriculum\u003c/a> from Omega Boys Club, pioneered by Joseph Marshall.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“There’s a lot that we can do to improve. We want to be open to options that will help the kids to be successful,” Quintana said. “Students have been told that you come here and it’s a b*** and you never get out. That’s not the case any more.”\u003c/p>\n\n",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>\u003cstrong>By Lance Knobel, \u003ca href=\"http://www.berkeleyside.com/\">Berkeleyside\u003c/a>\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_99996\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 640px\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2013/06/Sheila-Quintana2.jpg\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-full wp-image-99996 \" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2013/06/Sheila-Quintana2.jpg\" alt=\"Sheila Quintana Principal at B-Tech, with students. (Mark Coplan / Berkeleyside)\" width=\"640\" height=\"360\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Sheila Quintana Principal at B-Tech, with students. (Mark Coplan / Berkeleyside)\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>This Friday, nearly 800 students from Berkeley High will attend their graduation ceremony at the historic Hearst Greek Theatre. But with equal fanfare, they’ll be joined by 62 seniors from \u003ca href=\"http://www.berkeleyschools.net/schools/high-schools/berkeley-technology-academy/\">Berkeley Technology Academy\u003c/a> (B-Tech). Compared to the many hundreds from BHS, that might not sound like a lot, but consider this: two years ago, only seven \u003ca href=\"http://www.btechacademy.org/\">B-Tech\u003c/a> students graduated.\u003c!--more-->\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>B-Tech provides a continuation high school diploma program for students who have either involuntarily been placed because of violations of \u003ca href=\"http://www.leginfo.ca.gov/cgi-bin/displaycode?section=edc&group=48001-49000&file=48900-48927\">Education Code 48900\u003c/a> or have chosen to be placed there because they are falling behind in academic credits at BHS. Many of the students are economically disadvantaged, nearly a third are homeless, and many have direct experience of violence and incarceration in their community. It’s a small school, with enrollment around 150, many of them in their senior year. The 62 B-Tech graduates this year are part of a class of 73 seniors.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“I want all 73 seniors graduating,” said Sheila Quintana, principal of B-Tech since July, 2011\u003ca href=\"http://www.berkeleyside.com/\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"alignright size-full wp-image-100002\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2013/06/Berkeleyside-logo-small.jpg\" alt=\"Berkeleyside-logo-small\" width=\"163\" height=\"38\">\u003c/a>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The statistical evidence of the change wrought by Quintana on the school is undeniable. From seven graduates out of 60 seniors in 2011, the school advanced to 44 out of 55 in 2012, to the 62 out of 73 this year. Attendance, too, has improved. Last school year, B-Tech had 59% attendance; this year, it’s 93%. B-Tech’s curriculum also acquired approval for the \u003ca href=\"http://www.ucop.edu/agguide/\">University of California’s “A-G” requirements\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The visiting committee of the Western Association of Schools and Colleges (WASC) recognized the strides \u003ca href=\"http://www.berkeleyschools.net/wp-content/uploads/2013/05/05-15-13_Packet.pdf\">being made by B-Tech in its April 2013 report \u003c/a>(the WASC report is pp 103-112 of the school board packet):\u003c/p>\n\u003cblockquote>\u003cp>The principal of the school has been instrumental in bringing about important changes and improvements, and has developed a relationship with the District leadership that B-Tech staff view as greatly improved. Her efficient preparation included the involvement of the entire B-Tech staff in the WASC process. Her staff has also acknowledged her for her transparent leadership and guiding the staff in creating a more nurturing environment for students.\u003c/p>\u003c/blockquote>\n\u003cp>Quintana does not mince words when she talks about the key elements of her transformation.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“The focus on curriculum has been the biggest piece for us,” she said. “When I came in in 2011, B-Tech had no textbooks. The mindset was this was not a real school. The teaching staff left around 1:30 every day. The tone was bad.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Classes at B-Tech are in double blocks, so there are only four, comparatively long classes each day. According to Quintana, that gives both teachers and students more time to dig into the material and cover a lot of ground in a short period of time.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Students are able to recover a full year’s worth of English, math, history and science in one semester,” Quintana said.\u003c/p>\n\u003caside class=\"pullquote alignleft\">“It’s not a small thing that B-Tech students will be walking the stage at the Greek Theatre.”\u003c/aside>\n\u003cp>The WASC report also noted that the double blocked schedule creates fewer transitions in the school day, reducing potential conflict situations and opportunities for truancy. If students are absent for either first or third block, the school calls their home.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>B-Tech also puts a particular emphasis on technology education. The school has one iMac lab and is opening a second soon.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“The students love technology so that’s a great motivator,” Quintana said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The school also recognizes the particular stresses and problems its students face.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“The psychosocial piece is huge,” Quintana said. “The majority of our day is removing the barriers. And sometimes its an individualized thing. We cocoon the student and we have adults who we identify to be with the student. The kids believe the whole community is checking in on them. Some of them, no one has ever checked in on them.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Quintana said that the school develops an individual strategy for each student, and its implementation includes a home visit.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“That shocks them when we do the home visits,” she said. “We really, really want our kids to excel.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Karen Hemphill, Chair of the BUSD School Board, said Quintana’s focus on individualized plans for students is just one of the many good things she has brought to the school.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“She cares deeply about the students there,” she said. “She’s doing a fantastic job.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>It has been about Quintana’s emphasis on the basics, Hemphill continued, citing as an example the way she has been very strong on finding alternative ways for students to make up academic credits. (Credit deficiency is often a reason students go to B-Tech in the first place.) Quintana has students enrolled at Berkeley City College and doing make-up classes, for instance.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Quintana has also forged a close relationship with the Principal of Berkeley High, Pasquale Scuderi, said Hemphill, something that has not always been the case. “It’s not a small thing that B-Tech students will be walking the stage at the Greek Theatre tomorrow,” she said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>B-Tech also has strong counseling services, and partners with a number of programs to address drug use and violence, including the \u003ca href=\"http://www.street-soldiers.org/conference.htm\">Alive and Free curriculum\u003c/a> from Omega Boys Club, pioneered by Joseph Marshall.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“There’s a lot that we can do to improve. We want to be open to options that will help the kids to be successful,” Quintana said. “Students have been told that you come here and it’s a b*** and you never get out. That’s not the case any more.”\u003c/p>\n\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>",
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"content": "\u003cp>\u003cimg class=\"aligncenter size-full wp-image-99975\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2013/06/Oysters.jpg\" alt=\"Oysters\" width=\"640\" height=\"449\">\u003cbr>\n\u003ca href=\"http://blogs.kqed.org/bayareabites/2013/06/07/modern-day-food-foraging-comes-to-san-francisco-2/\">Food foraging is the new Bay Area craze\u003c/a>. It’s a popular culinary trend, taking us back to our hunter-gatherer roots. What does it mean? Simple. You go out into the wild, find edibles in Mother Nature’s pantry and whip up a meal. Locally, Americano’s executive chef, Kory Stewart, has taken up the pastime, leading groups on foraging expeditions. Oysters on the half shell with grilled ramp mignonette were a hit with one group he led. (Gina Scialabba / KQED)\u003c/p>\n\u003cp> \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cimg class=\"aligncenter size-full wp-image-99973\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2013/06/Filipino-Independence.jpg\" alt=\"Filipino Independence\" width=\"640\" height=\"450\">\u003cbr>\nAt a Philippine Independence Day celebration in Los Angeles earlier this month, traditional dancers, festooned in colorful feathers, capped the afternoon with an explosive tribal dance meant to symbolize the start of battle. (Steven Cuevas / KQED)\u003c/p>\n\u003cp> \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cimg class=\"aligncenter size-full wp-image-99976\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2013/06/Filipino-Vets.jpg\" alt=\"Filipino Vets\" width=\"640\" height=\"450\">\u003cbr>\nAn amendment recently tucked into the proposed immigration overhaul package now being debated in the Senate could have big implications for Filipino Americans. It would put the sons and daughters of Filipino World War II veterans who fought alongside Americans on a fast track to citizenship. John Aspiras Jr., an 86-year-old veteran, has been waiting for his daughter’s visa to be approved for years. (Steven Cuevas / KQED)\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c!--more-->\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cimg class=\"aligncenter size-full wp-image-99977\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2013/06/PhotoWeek130614distillary.jpg\" alt=\"PhotoWeek130614distillary\" width=\"640\" height=\"450\">\u003cbr>\nThe craft cocktail movement has taken off, and with it an interest in locally produced artisanal spirits. But \u003ca href=\"http://www.californiareport.org/archive/R201306071630/c\">small distilleries in California\u003c/a> face some unique legal challenges -- they can't offer paid tastings or sell bottles of their products on site. St. George's Spirits in Alameda has found creative ways to get around restrictions by offering paid tours with free tastings at the end. (Gina Scialabba / KQED)\u003c/p>\n\u003cp> \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cimg class=\"aligncenter size-full wp-image-99992\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2013/06/congestion.jpg\" alt=\"congestion\" width=\"640\" height=\"449\">\u003cbr>\nThe population living and working in San Francisco has been increasing in recent years; so has the number of cars trying to get in and out of downtown. One idea that has been floated to reduce traffic is \u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/news/2013/06/10/san-francisco-considers-charging-drivers-to-enter-or-leave-the-city/\">congestion pricing\u003c/a>. That's when drivers pay a toll at peak hours to enter or leave the most backed-up parts of the city. (Craig Miller / KQED)\u003c/p>\n\u003cp> \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cimg class=\"aligncenter size-full wp-image-99982\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2013/06/PhotoWeek130614Quintana.jpg\" alt=\"PhotoWeek130614Quintana\" width=\"640\" height=\"450\">\u003cbr>\nBerkeley Technology High's principal, Sheila Quintana, has had remarkable success \u003ca href=\"http://www.berkeleyside.com/2013/06/13/b-tech-graduation-rate-soars-under-inspired-leadership/\">increasing the school's graduation rate\u003c/a>. This year 62 of 73 seniors graduated. In 2011, only seve did so. Better known as B-Tech, the school serves the most difficult students, kids who have been expelled from Berkeley High, are way behind in credits and often are homeless. Here, Sheila Quintana is pictured with two students. (Mark Coplan / \u003ca href=\"http://www.berkeleyside.com/\">Berkeleyside\u003c/a>)\u003c/p>\n\n",
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"content": "\u003cp>An Alameda County judge says three top-ranked charter schools in Oakland may stay in business, for now, as they fight accusations of mismanagement.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>On March 20, the Oakland Unified school board voted 4-3 to revoke their charters, after finding the schools had not done enough to correct past financial problems.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Yesterday's ruling allows the American Indian Model Schools to hold summer classes and plan for a fall session while they appeal.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The school's attorney Greg Moser said the court saw it differently.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"The judge agreed that the most important factor as federal and state law provide has to be, are the students succeeding,\" he told KQED's Rachel Dornhelm. \"And the students at these school are, in fact, succeeding.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>This 2009 video gives a sample of the style of AIMS controversial former director Ben Chavis:\u003cbr>\n\u003c/strong>\u003ciframe src=\"http://www.youtube.com/embed/viMeLhPY1s4?rel=0\" frameborder=\"0\" width=\"420\" height=\"315\">\u003c/iframe>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Alameda County Superior Court Judge Evelio Grillo granted the schools' request for a temporary restraining order against the school district, effectively ordering the district to keep the charter in effect.\u003c!--more-->\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The schools serve a primarily low-income population and have received national recognition for high test scores.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>From Bay City News:\u003c/strong>\u003cbr>\nGrillo said at a hearing Thursday that he's concerned that the merits of the schools' appeal may not be heard \"before it goes out of business\" and he believes it would be irreparably harmed if it was closed now.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Grillo said American Indian Model Schools \"appears to be functioning at a high level\" and he thinks its students should be allowed to \"do what students do, which is study\" during the appellate process.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>After Grillo ruled, [another attorney for the schools], James Kachmar, said, \"We're ecstatic. This is about the students.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>... He said at this point it's not clear if Grillo will rule on the merits of a lawsuit the schools filed against the Oakland Unified School District or wait until after the county board of education rules on the school's appeal.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>During the hearing Thursday, Kachmar said the appellate process could be lengthy. He said the county board has until July 18 to act on the schools' appeal and if that board doesn't rule in favor of the school group it could then appeal to the state board of education, which would have another six months to act.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>School district spokesman Troy Flint said the district believed that the appeals process should have been completed before the matter went to court.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"We felt that there's an established procedure for appeals and that a court ruling at this time didn't make sense but the judge felt differently,\" Flint said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Flint said the school board voted to revoke American Indian Model School's charter \"to protect the taxpayers\" because the school abused the public's trust by misusing public funds.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>He said financial improprieties at the schools have been documented by three different agencies.\u003c/p>\n\n",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>This 2009 video gives a sample of the style of AIMS controversial former director Ben Chavis:\u003cbr>\n\u003c/strong>\u003ciframe src=\"http://www.youtube.com/embed/viMeLhPY1s4?rel=0\" frameborder=\"0\" width=\"420\" height=\"315\">\u003c/iframe>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Alameda County Superior Court Judge Evelio Grillo granted the schools' request for a temporary restraining order against the school district, effectively ordering the district to keep the charter in effect.\u003c!--more-->\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The schools serve a primarily low-income population and have received national recognition for high test scores.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>From Bay City News:\u003c/strong>\u003cbr>\nGrillo said at a hearing Thursday that he's concerned that the merits of the schools' appeal may not be heard \"before it goes out of business\" and he believes it would be irreparably harmed if it was closed now.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Grillo said American Indian Model Schools \"appears to be functioning at a high level\" and he thinks its students should be allowed to \"do what students do, which is study\" during the appellate process.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>After Grillo ruled, [another attorney for the schools], James Kachmar, said, \"We're ecstatic. This is about the students.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>... He said at this point it's not clear if Grillo will rule on the merits of a lawsuit the schools filed against the Oakland Unified School District or wait until after the county board of education rules on the school's appeal.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>During the hearing Thursday, Kachmar said the appellate process could be lengthy. He said the county board has until July 18 to act on the schools' appeal and if that board doesn't rule in favor of the school group it could then appeal to the state board of education, which would have another six months to act.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>School district spokesman Troy Flint said the district believed that the appeals process should have been completed before the matter went to court.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"We felt that there's an established procedure for appeals and that a court ruling at this time didn't make sense but the judge felt differently,\" Flint said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Flint said the school board voted to revoke American Indian Model School's charter \"to protect the taxpayers\" because the school abused the public's trust by misusing public funds.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>He said financial improprieties at the schools have been documented by three different agencies.\u003c/p>\n\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>",
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"content": "\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_99044\" class=\"wp-caption alignleft\" style=\"max-width: 300px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-medium wp-image-99044\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2013/06/Bulldog-photo-lighter-300x168.jpg\" alt=\"From left: Alyssa Cebalios, Madison Madrid, Aaron Do and TyShawn Williams work together on their Renaissance history project. (Katrina Schwartz/KQED)\" width=\"300\" height=\"168\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">From left: Alyssa Cebalios, Madison Madrid, Aaron Do and TyShawn Williams work together on their Renaissance history project. (Katrina Schwartz/KQED)\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Friday is a big day at \u003ca href=\"http://www.bulldogtech.org/\">Bulldog Tech\u003c/a>, a public middle school in southeast San Jose. It’s finishing its first year as an entirely \u003ca href=\"http://blogs.kqed.org/mindshift/2013/01/what-project-based-learning-is-and-isnt/\">project-based learning\u003c/a> school, a concept that’s got education reformers across the country buzzing. Bulldog is a small school with large ambition: prove that a public school can innovate as well as charter schools.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>It’s no secret that a lot of teachers, principals, parents and kids are fed up with standardized testing. They think it relies too much on memorization and too little on problem-solving skills, deemed key to getting ahead in the global economy. Instead, they’d like to see schools inspire students to collaborate, communicate, create and direct their own learning.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Bulldog Tech classrooms don’t look like many public seventh grades (eighth grade will be added next year). There are no desks, no rows and no teacher at the front of the classroom. Instead, teams of students sit at tables all over the classroom, collaborating on presentation boards about a topic in Renaissance history, for example.\u003c!--more-->\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>These kids have spent two weeks exploring a subject together, dividing up the work and holding one another accountable if a team member doesn’t do her part. Their teacher, Suzanne Zamora, got them going by designing a project around a few state standards. Project-based learning teaches students so much more than content, she said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003caside class=\"pullquote alignleft\">“We want to cover the curriculum much deeper and to find all those little hidden things that can allow the child to connect it to other learning in their head.”\u003c/aside>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“We have content, of course, oral communication, written communication, technology, we even have aesthetics as one of our learning goals,” Zamora said. “And we grade them on all of those. So a project isn’t just all about content, it’s about all of these different components.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Transitioning to this model was hard for students who had gone through six years of traditional elementary school.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“They weren’t really used to collaborating every single day,” Zamora said. “And they weren’t used to creating and learning through projects, rather than the project being at the end and more of the assessment.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>That’s a key part of Bulldog Tech and the project-based model. Projects aren’t an extra thing to do after a student has learned the content: They are the vehicle for learning.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>It’s all new stuff for the \u003ca href=\"http://www.eesd.org/\">Evergreen School District\u003c/a>, which is spending almost $400,000 over four years to be part of a nationwide nonprofit consortium of schools called \u003ca href=\"http://www.newtechnetwork.org/\">The New Tech Network\u003c/a>. The money covers iPads, training for teachers and access to a robust online system that tracks work and grades.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>New Tech Network, which was founded 15 years ago, is taking its schoolwide project-based model \u003ca href=\"http://blogs.kqed.org/mindshift/2013/05/what-it-takes-to-become-a-project-based-school/\">national\u003c/a>. The organization, which offers a paid program for schools to use its model, began with a flagship school in Napa and has grown to 120 schools in 18 states, most of which are public schools.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The network has grown not only in size but also in reputation. President Obama \u003ca href=\"http://www.csmonitor.com/USA/Education/2013/0509/In-Texas-Obama-lauds-New-Tech-high-school.-Model-for-the-future-video\">visited Manor New Tech High School\u003c/a> in Texas last month as part of an effort to promote an education agenda focused on producing graduates that can compete in today’s global economy.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Teachers at Bulldog are connected to other New Tech Network teachers around the country through the online system, so they can share lesson plans, project ideas and lessons learned. A big part of the New Tech service is providing each school with a coach. At Bulldog Tech, teachers transferred from other parts of the district and had never taught using project-based learning. The coach helped them understand how to craft effective projects, work together and build a culture of trust, respect and responsibility among the students.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_98980\" class=\"wp-caption alignleft\" style=\"max-width: 300px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-medium wp-image-98980\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2013/06/Bulldog2-300x225.jpg\" alt=\"Some Bulldog Tech student projects, ready for presentation to prospective sixth grade parents. (Katrina Schwartz/KQED)\" width=\"300\" height=\"225\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Some Bulldog Tech student projects, ready for presentation to prospective sixth grade parents. (Katrina Schwartz/KQED)\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Students at Bulldog Tech like the new model. They get to use technology like iPads in almost all their projects, and teachers even allow them to use their \u003ca href=\"http://blogs.kqed.org/mindshift/tag/mobile-learning/\">cell phones for work in class\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“I got to replicate a form of one of the Roman buildings called the Hagia Sophia in, I guess you can call it a video game, called Mindcraft,” explained 13-year-old Jasmine Le. She even designed a roller coaster so visitors to her building could get a 360-degree view – a little creative flare that distinguishes the model.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>And more importantly, it’s the kind of memorable learning that defines this method.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“We want to cover the curriculum much deeper and to find all those little hidden things that can allow the child to connect it to other learning in their head,” said Bulldog site director Randy Hollenkamp. “And once they do that, it’s the kind of learning they never forget.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But there are pitfalls. Project-based learning is time-consuming, and there are a lot of mandated state curricula to be covered. Hollenkamp said teachers can stumble if they don’t design a project that ensures students retain the right outcomes.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Otherwise you could just give out worksheets and cover the curriculum much faster,” Hollenkamp said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Math is particularly important on state tests, but Bulldog’s math teachers had trouble covering all the units this year. “The students have definitely learned to think critically for themselves and to problem-solve,” said Rosine Borello, a math teacher. When it came to testing, her students used their base knowledge to figure out things they’d never seen before, she said. That’s called transferring knowledge, or adapting it to a new situation, and it’s one of the skills employers say they are looking for in future hires.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Still, this is an expensive model and not one that’s likely to be doable throughout the district without a lot more state funding. As it stands now, Bulldog Tech is a magnet school, operating as a school-within-a-school on the larger \u003ca href=\"http://www.eesd.org/page.cfm?p=2497\">LeyVa Middle School\u003c/a> campus. More than half of LeyVa’s students qualify for free and reduced lunches, and Hollenkamp said Bulldog’s demographics mirror LeyVa’s.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Bulldog Tech students eat lunch at LeyVa, take PE there and have access to extracurricular activities like sports and school dances, too. That has caused a little friction.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“There’s a little jealousy, as far as why do they get all the money,” said Brian Conrad, a teacher at LeyVa, where teachers don’t get extra lesson planning time or iPads. Conrad and many of his colleagues understand the Bulldog Tech model needs more money to operate its model, but it raises equality questions. “Here we also need money at LeyVa. I mean, I get $1.85 per student in my budget,” he said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>It really is mostly a money problem. Some LeyVa teachers may be disgruntled, but they also see how project-based learning might benefit their classrooms down the road.\u003cbr>\nThe district wants to keep students in the district by offering a model that rivals the many charters competing for students.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Bulldog Tech has given 50 tours of their site this year, many of which were San Jose public schools interested in seeing how it’s working. Eastside Union High School District, where Bulldog Tech students would go after completing 8th grade, is even looking at opening several New Tech high schools.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“There are a lot of educators out there hungry for this, because Common Core is pushing them, but also because it’s common sense,” Hollenkamp said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The \u003ca href=\"http://www.corestandards.org/\">Common Core\u003c/a> is a new set of educational standards California has adopted. It puts more emphasis on problem-solving and explaining the process behind answers. Along with the new standards will come a new state test, called \u003ca href=\"http://www.smarterbalanced.org/smarter-balanced-assessments/\">Smarter Balanced Assessments\u003c/a>, to measure those new skills.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“It’s very likely, as we’ve seen again and again, that the outcomes and achievement for these kids will not be captured by the existing tests,” said Brent Duckor, a professor of education at San Jose State University focusing on assessment.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The U.S. has a long history of education reform efforts, many of which have been undone by tests that don’t measure the “soft skills,” things like collaboration and creativity on which schools like Bulldog Tech are based. The Smarter Balanced Assessment might be no different.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“If we are going to measure something it’s going to take time and it’s going to take resources and effort,” Duckor said. “And what we’ve seen is a lot less attention on measuring those skills in any rigorous or reliable way.” As it is, some education experts estimate that Smarter Balanced Assessments will cost 20 times as much per student as current state tests.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Adaptability, communication and perseverance might not be measurable yet on state tests, but they are the skills employers say they’re looking for in future hires.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad floatright]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Listen to the radio story \u003ca href=\"https://soundcloud.com/kqed/bulldog-tech-explores-project\">here\u003c/a>:\u003cbr>\n\u003ciframe loading=\"lazy\" src=\"https://w.soundcloud.com/player/?url=http%3A%2F%2Fapi.soundcloud.com%2Ftracks%2F95758435\" frameborder=\"no\" scrolling=\"no\" width=\"100%\" height=\"166\">\u003c/iframe>\u003c/p>\n\n",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_99044\" class=\"wp-caption alignleft\" style=\"max-width: 300px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-medium wp-image-99044\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2013/06/Bulldog-photo-lighter-300x168.jpg\" alt=\"From left: Alyssa Cebalios, Madison Madrid, Aaron Do and TyShawn Williams work together on their Renaissance history project. (Katrina Schwartz/KQED)\" width=\"300\" height=\"168\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">From left: Alyssa Cebalios, Madison Madrid, Aaron Do and TyShawn Williams work together on their Renaissance history project. (Katrina Schwartz/KQED)\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Friday is a big day at \u003ca href=\"http://www.bulldogtech.org/\">Bulldog Tech\u003c/a>, a public middle school in southeast San Jose. It’s finishing its first year as an entirely \u003ca href=\"http://blogs.kqed.org/mindshift/2013/01/what-project-based-learning-is-and-isnt/\">project-based learning\u003c/a> school, a concept that’s got education reformers across the country buzzing. Bulldog is a small school with large ambition: prove that a public school can innovate as well as charter schools.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>It’s no secret that a lot of teachers, principals, parents and kids are fed up with standardized testing. They think it relies too much on memorization and too little on problem-solving skills, deemed key to getting ahead in the global economy. Instead, they’d like to see schools inspire students to collaborate, communicate, create and direct their own learning.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Bulldog Tech classrooms don’t look like many public seventh grades (eighth grade will be added next year). There are no desks, no rows and no teacher at the front of the classroom. Instead, teams of students sit at tables all over the classroom, collaborating on presentation boards about a topic in Renaissance history, for example.\u003c!--more-->\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>These kids have spent two weeks exploring a subject together, dividing up the work and holding one another accountable if a team member doesn’t do her part. Their teacher, Suzanne Zamora, got them going by designing a project around a few state standards. Project-based learning teaches students so much more than content, she said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003caside class=\"pullquote alignleft\">“We want to cover the curriculum much deeper and to find all those little hidden things that can allow the child to connect it to other learning in their head.”\u003c/aside>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“We have content, of course, oral communication, written communication, technology, we even have aesthetics as one of our learning goals,” Zamora said. “And we grade them on all of those. So a project isn’t just all about content, it’s about all of these different components.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Transitioning to this model was hard for students who had gone through six years of traditional elementary school.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“They weren’t really used to collaborating every single day,” Zamora said. “And they weren’t used to creating and learning through projects, rather than the project being at the end and more of the assessment.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>That’s a key part of Bulldog Tech and the project-based model. Projects aren’t an extra thing to do after a student has learned the content: They are the vehicle for learning.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>It’s all new stuff for the \u003ca href=\"http://www.eesd.org/\">Evergreen School District\u003c/a>, which is spending almost $400,000 over four years to be part of a nationwide nonprofit consortium of schools called \u003ca href=\"http://www.newtechnetwork.org/\">The New Tech Network\u003c/a>. The money covers iPads, training for teachers and access to a robust online system that tracks work and grades.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>New Tech Network, which was founded 15 years ago, is taking its schoolwide project-based model \u003ca href=\"http://blogs.kqed.org/mindshift/2013/05/what-it-takes-to-become-a-project-based-school/\">national\u003c/a>. The organization, which offers a paid program for schools to use its model, began with a flagship school in Napa and has grown to 120 schools in 18 states, most of which are public schools.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The network has grown not only in size but also in reputation. President Obama \u003ca href=\"http://www.csmonitor.com/USA/Education/2013/0509/In-Texas-Obama-lauds-New-Tech-high-school.-Model-for-the-future-video\">visited Manor New Tech High School\u003c/a> in Texas last month as part of an effort to promote an education agenda focused on producing graduates that can compete in today’s global economy.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Teachers at Bulldog are connected to other New Tech Network teachers around the country through the online system, so they can share lesson plans, project ideas and lessons learned. A big part of the New Tech service is providing each school with a coach. At Bulldog Tech, teachers transferred from other parts of the district and had never taught using project-based learning. The coach helped them understand how to craft effective projects, work together and build a culture of trust, respect and responsibility among the students.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_98980\" class=\"wp-caption alignleft\" style=\"max-width: 300px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-medium wp-image-98980\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2013/06/Bulldog2-300x225.jpg\" alt=\"Some Bulldog Tech student projects, ready for presentation to prospective sixth grade parents. (Katrina Schwartz/KQED)\" width=\"300\" height=\"225\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Some Bulldog Tech student projects, ready for presentation to prospective sixth grade parents. (Katrina Schwartz/KQED)\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Students at Bulldog Tech like the new model. They get to use technology like iPads in almost all their projects, and teachers even allow them to use their \u003ca href=\"http://blogs.kqed.org/mindshift/tag/mobile-learning/\">cell phones for work in class\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“I got to replicate a form of one of the Roman buildings called the Hagia Sophia in, I guess you can call it a video game, called Mindcraft,” explained 13-year-old Jasmine Le. She even designed a roller coaster so visitors to her building could get a 360-degree view – a little creative flare that distinguishes the model.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>And more importantly, it’s the kind of memorable learning that defines this method.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“We want to cover the curriculum much deeper and to find all those little hidden things that can allow the child to connect it to other learning in their head,” said Bulldog site director Randy Hollenkamp. “And once they do that, it’s the kind of learning they never forget.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But there are pitfalls. Project-based learning is time-consuming, and there are a lot of mandated state curricula to be covered. Hollenkamp said teachers can stumble if they don’t design a project that ensures students retain the right outcomes.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Otherwise you could just give out worksheets and cover the curriculum much faster,” Hollenkamp said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Math is particularly important on state tests, but Bulldog’s math teachers had trouble covering all the units this year. “The students have definitely learned to think critically for themselves and to problem-solve,” said Rosine Borello, a math teacher. When it came to testing, her students used their base knowledge to figure out things they’d never seen before, she said. That’s called transferring knowledge, or adapting it to a new situation, and it’s one of the skills employers say they are looking for in future hires.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Still, this is an expensive model and not one that’s likely to be doable throughout the district without a lot more state funding. As it stands now, Bulldog Tech is a magnet school, operating as a school-within-a-school on the larger \u003ca href=\"http://www.eesd.org/page.cfm?p=2497\">LeyVa Middle School\u003c/a> campus. More than half of LeyVa’s students qualify for free and reduced lunches, and Hollenkamp said Bulldog’s demographics mirror LeyVa’s.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Bulldog Tech students eat lunch at LeyVa, take PE there and have access to extracurricular activities like sports and school dances, too. That has caused a little friction.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“There’s a little jealousy, as far as why do they get all the money,” said Brian Conrad, a teacher at LeyVa, where teachers don’t get extra lesson planning time or iPads. Conrad and many of his colleagues understand the Bulldog Tech model needs more money to operate its model, but it raises equality questions. “Here we also need money at LeyVa. I mean, I get $1.85 per student in my budget,” he said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>It really is mostly a money problem. Some LeyVa teachers may be disgruntled, but they also see how project-based learning might benefit their classrooms down the road.\u003cbr>\nThe district wants to keep students in the district by offering a model that rivals the many charters competing for students.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Bulldog Tech has given 50 tours of their site this year, many of which were San Jose public schools interested in seeing how it’s working. Eastside Union High School District, where Bulldog Tech students would go after completing 8th grade, is even looking at opening several New Tech high schools.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“There are a lot of educators out there hungry for this, because Common Core is pushing them, but also because it’s common sense,” Hollenkamp said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The \u003ca href=\"http://www.corestandards.org/\">Common Core\u003c/a> is a new set of educational standards California has adopted. It puts more emphasis on problem-solving and explaining the process behind answers. 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The Smarter Balanced Assessment might be no different.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“If we are going to measure something it’s going to take time and it’s going to take resources and effort,” Duckor said. “And what we’ve seen is a lot less attention on measuring those skills in any rigorous or reliable way.” As it is, some education experts estimate that Smarter Balanced Assessments will cost 20 times as much per student as current state tests.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Adaptability, communication and perseverance might not be measurable yet on state tests, but they are the skills employers say they’re looking for in future hires.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cp>A charter school can’t do much without a charter, so the American Indian Model Schools are asking a judge to save theirs.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The Oakland Unified School District yanked the schools’ charter on March 20, accusing the system of fiscal mismanagement.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>School managers say they addressed the concerns. The district says they ignored a year’s worth of requests.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The group of three schools filed an \u003ca href=\"http://boedocdepot.ousd.k12.ca.us/AIMS_Charter_Schools_ACBOE_Appeal_Documents/Appeal%20Binder_1.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">appeal\u003c/a> to the Alameda County Office of Education on April 18. The county has 90 days to respond. If it upholds the charter revocation, the schools can appeal to the state.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>While waiting for the result of its appeal, the school is seeking a temporary restraining order to keep the school district from shutting it down. That will allow it to begin its summer classes on schedule June 20 and plan a regular school year starting in fall, said the schools’ attorney, Greg Moser.\u003c/p>\n\u003cdiv style=\"text-align: center\">\u003cstrong>Students and faculty testified on behalf of the school in a 2012 OUSD School Board meeting:\u003c/strong>\u003c/div>\n\u003cdiv style=\"text-align: center\">\u003c/div>\n\u003cp> \u003c/p>\n\u003cdiv style=\"text-align: center\">\u003ciframe loading=\"lazy\" src=\"http://www.youtube.com/embed/73lHh-rw3Bc?rel=0\" frameborder=\"0\" width=\"420\" height=\"315\">\u003c/iframe>\u003c/div>\n\u003cp>\u003c!--more-->\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“We need to provide assurance to parents and students that school will go on this summer,” Moser told KQED’s Rachel Dornhelm. “And a court order that keeps the status quo in place is really the only way for us to do that.”\u003c!--more-->\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>A school district spokesman told Dornhelm there is no plan in the works to take action against the school during the appeals process, and the district will comply with whatever the court decides.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>From Bay City News:\u003cbr>\n\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cblockquote>\u003cp>Alameda County Superior Court Judge Evelio Grillo heard arguments on American Indian Model Schools’ bid for a restraining order at a hearing on Tuesday and is expected to issue a ruling at a second hearing this afternoon.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Moyer said a temporary restraining order would assure students, parents and teachers that American Indian Model Schools will remain open until Grillo hears the merits of a lawsuit that the charter school filed against the Oakland Unified School District on May 23.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>American Indian Model Schools was founded in 1996 as a charter middle school and later added an elementary school and a high school.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>U.S. News and World Report has ranked it as one of the top schools in California and the nation, but Oakland school district spokesman Troy Flint said a state audit last year found financial improprieties by the school’s founders and a separate school district audit found similar improprieties.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Flint said the school board ordered American Indian Model Schools to bring in new management and improve its financial practices but the school failed to made adequate changes.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Flint said, “Our preferred conclusion was to keep the schools open.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But he said the district had “no choice” except to close the schools because it believes American Indian Schools engaged in “clear violations of the law” and misused funds.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“We had a legal obligation to close them,” Flint said.\u003c/p>\u003c/blockquote>\n\n",
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"content": "\u003cp>\u003cimg class=\"aligncenter size-full wp-image-98371\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2013/05/PhotoWeek130531jailletters.jpg\" alt=\"PhotoWeek130531jailletters\" width=\"640\" height=\"450\">\u003cbr>\nSanta Clara County Jail recently announced plans to limit the type of mail inmates receive in jail to the size of a postcard. Steeda McGruder, founder of Sisters That Been There, a support group for women who have been formerly incarcerated, holds up daily letters she receives from inmates. She calls these their lifelines. (Jean Melesaine / \u003ca href=\"http://www.sjbeez.org/\">San Jose Beez\u003c/a>)\u003c/p>\n\u003cp> \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cimg class=\"aligncenter size-full wp-image-98372\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2013/05/PhotoWeek130531rain.jpg\" alt=\"PhotoWeek130531rain\" width=\"640\" height=\"450\">\u003cbr>\nRain early this week provided some much-needed moisture to Bay Area plants. Here, rain droplets linger on the leaves of a bay laurel. (Dan Brekke / KQED)\u003c/p>\n\u003cp> \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cimg class=\"aligncenter size-full wp-image-98373\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2013/05/PhotoWeek130531aquarium.jpg\" alt=\"PhotoWeek130531aquarium\" width=\"640\" height=\"450\">\u003cbr>\nAn immersive video wraps around a room in the Oakland Museum of California, giving visitors a feel for the swirling flora and fauna that live in Cordell Bank National Marine Sanctuary, one of seven locations featured in the \u003ca href=\"http://blogs.kqed.org/science/2013/05/31/californias-unique-environment-in-the-spotlight-at-the-oakland-museum/\">new Gallery of California Natural Sciences\u003c/a>. (Michael Osborne / KQED)\u003cbr>\n\u003c!--more-->\u003cbr>\n\u003cimg class=\"aligncenter size-full wp-image-98374\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2013/05/PhotoWeek130531memorialday.jpg\" alt=\"PhotoWeek130531memorialday\" width=\"640\" height=\"450\">\u003cbr>\nAbout 200 people gathered at the USS San Francisco Memorial at Lands End on San Francisco's west side Sunday afternoon to \u003ca href=\"http://oceanbeachbulletin.com/2013/05/27/sailors-sacrifice-remembered-at-uss-san-francisco-memorial/?show=gallery\">remember the sailors and marines\u003c/a> who gave their lives aboard that ship. A color guard carried flags into the ceremony, honoring those who have served in the U.S. military. (Tom Prete / \u003ca href=\"http://oceanbeachbulletin.com/\">Ocean Beach Bulletin\u003c/a>)\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp> \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cimg class=\"aligncenter size-full wp-image-98375\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2013/05/PhotoWeek130531summercourse.jpg\" alt=\"PhotoWeek130531summercourse\" width=\"640\" height=\"449\">\u003cbr>\nAfter years of cutbacks at California's community colleges, \u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/news/2013/05/31/getting-classes-at-californias-community-colleges-easier-this-summer/\">campuses are starting to restore some of the courses\u003c/a> slashed during the recession. Bekki Zarco is taking summer courses at Evergreen Valley College in San Jose after struggling to get classes she needs during the regular school year. (Charla Bear / KQED)\u003c/p>\n\n",
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"title": "Community College Summer Sessions Rebounding in California, Making Life Easier for Students",
"headTitle": "Community College Summer Sessions Rebounding in California, Making Life Easier for Students | KQED",
"content": "\u003cp>\u003cstrong>by Charla Bear\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>After years of cutbacks at the state’s community colleges, campuses are starting to \u003ca href=\"http://www.californiareport.org/archive/R201305310850/b\">restore\u003c/a> some of the courses slashed during the recession. That’s good news for students, who have struggled to graduate or even get in to college because of course bottlenecks.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/news/2013/05/31/getting-classes-at-californias-community-colleges-easier-this-summer/summer-course-photo/\" rel=\"attachment wp-att-98349\">\u003cimg decoding=\"async\" loading=\"lazy\" class=\"size-medium wp-image-98349 alignleft\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2013/05/summer-course-photo-300x225.jpg\" alt=\"Bekki Zarco is taking summer courses at Evergreen Valley College in San Jose after struggling to get classes she needs during the regular school year.(Charla Bear/KQED) \" width=\"300\" height=\"225\">\u003c/a>Recent reports show more than a half-million community college students have been shut out of classes over the past five years because of budget cuts.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Bekki Zarco enrolled at Evergreen Valley College in San Jose with a plan that could have been completed in two years when budgets were better: take classes full time, get her associates degree in English and then transfer to a state university. Yet she’s going on her fourth year here and says she has to take summer school to graduate by spring.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“If I don’t, then I’ll be stuck taking five classes next semester and probably a lot more in the spring,” she says.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Zarco says she hasn’t been able to get the classes she needs during the regular school year because of budget cuts. She’s so desperate that she took part two of an English class last semester and crossed her fingers she’d be able to do part one this summer.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Howard Ho shares her pain. He says he was so frustrated with the struggle to get classes at DeAnza College in Cupertino, 20 miles away, that he transferred to Evergreen. \u003c!--more-->\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Time is money like everybody says, and I really want to move on to my career goals,” he says.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>HELP FOR SOME, BUT NOT ALL\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In some ways, though, Zarco and Ho are kind of lucky. A \u003ca href=\"http://www.ppic.org/main/publication.asp?i=1048\">report\u003c/a> the Public Policy Institute of California put out this spring shows that community colleges cut so many classes during the recession that 600,000 students weren’t able to take any at all. That’s especially true for recent high school graduates and older workers in need of retraining, according to Sarah Bohn, lead researcher of the report.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Summer classes took a particularly hard hit. At Evergreen, for example, the school slashed summer sections from nearly 200 in 2010 to 67 in 2012, says Vice President of Academic Affairs Keith Aytch.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Aytch says the decline is directly linked to state funding. Now that tax revenues are rolling in from the passage of Proposition 30 last fall, the school expects to have enough money to almost fully restore its summer offerings.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“The economy looks better for the state,” he says. “The governor is supporting community colleges, so hopefully we’ve turned the corner.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>A survey conducted by the California Community Colleges Chancellor’s Office found summer sessions all over the state are rebounding. At least a third of the state’s 112 schools are offering more courses this summer than last.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Paul Feist, spokesman for the chancellor’s office, says the trend is encouraging, but still not enough.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“This is not an indication that we are back to normal,” he says.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The influx of cash from Prop. 30 will accommodate only about 20,000 students, Feist says, less than 4 percent of those shut out.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“So, while we are adding students back, you can see we have a long way to go to make up for the ground that we lost,” he says.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>BRINGING STUDENTS BACK\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>At Evergreen, math teacher Teck Ky says he plans to take extra students in his classes this summer to help as many as possible get back up to speed. Last year, the school cut half his courses, creating bottlenecks for dozens of students. Now, he’s back to a full load, plus one extra class.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Teaching summer courses is good for him, too. Instructors at some colleges get extra cash for summer sessions.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Last year, [my kids] have to stay home and I had to create all the activities for them,” he says. “They didn’t like that. So this year I said, ‘OK, we can send you guys to summer camps because of the extra sections I’m going to be teaching.’ ”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>There is some concern that classes won’t fill up. Aytch that says after years of cuts, students might expect summer to be a bust. If they don’t sign up, it will be. Empty classes usually get canceled.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“When you take away so many units, you lose the student,” Aytch says. “So you have to work harder to bring those students back.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>So, students in nearby high schools, colleges and those already enrolled at Evergreen during the regular year are getting hit with a ton of email blasts.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Student Becky Zarco says it seems to be working.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“The classes that I signed up for are pretty much on wait list already, so I’m pretty stoked for that,” she says.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The California Community Colleges Chancellor’s Office projects that as long as the economy keeps improving, colleges will add courses this fall, too.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>Listen to Charla Bear’s story on \u003ca href=\"http://www.californiareport.org/archive/R201305310850/b\">The California Report\u003c/a>.\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\n",
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"description": "by Charla Bear After years of cutbacks at the state’s community colleges, campuses are starting to restore some of the courses slashed during the recession. That’s good news for students, who have struggled to graduate or even get in to college because of course bottlenecks. Recent reports show more than a half-million community college students",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>\u003cstrong>by Charla Bear\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>After years of cutbacks at the state’s community colleges, campuses are starting to \u003ca href=\"http://www.californiareport.org/archive/R201305310850/b\">restore\u003c/a> some of the courses slashed during the recession. That’s good news for students, who have struggled to graduate or even get in to college because of course bottlenecks.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/news/2013/05/31/getting-classes-at-californias-community-colleges-easier-this-summer/summer-course-photo/\" rel=\"attachment wp-att-98349\">\u003cimg decoding=\"async\" loading=\"lazy\" class=\"size-medium wp-image-98349 alignleft\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2013/05/summer-course-photo-300x225.jpg\" alt=\"Bekki Zarco is taking summer courses at Evergreen Valley College in San Jose after struggling to get classes she needs during the regular school year.(Charla Bear/KQED) \" width=\"300\" height=\"225\">\u003c/a>Recent reports show more than a half-million community college students have been shut out of classes over the past five years because of budget cuts.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Bekki Zarco enrolled at Evergreen Valley College in San Jose with a plan that could have been completed in two years when budgets were better: take classes full time, get her associates degree in English and then transfer to a state university. Yet she’s going on her fourth year here and says she has to take summer school to graduate by spring.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“If I don’t, then I’ll be stuck taking five classes next semester and probably a lot more in the spring,” she says.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Zarco says she hasn’t been able to get the classes she needs during the regular school year because of budget cuts. She’s so desperate that she took part two of an English class last semester and crossed her fingers she’d be able to do part one this summer.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Howard Ho shares her pain. He says he was so frustrated with the struggle to get classes at DeAnza College in Cupertino, 20 miles away, that he transferred to Evergreen. \u003c!--more-->\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Time is money like everybody says, and I really want to move on to my career goals,” he says.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>HELP FOR SOME, BUT NOT ALL\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In some ways, though, Zarco and Ho are kind of lucky. A \u003ca href=\"http://www.ppic.org/main/publication.asp?i=1048\">report\u003c/a> the Public Policy Institute of California put out this spring shows that community colleges cut so many classes during the recession that 600,000 students weren’t able to take any at all. That’s especially true for recent high school graduates and older workers in need of retraining, according to Sarah Bohn, lead researcher of the report.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Summer classes took a particularly hard hit. At Evergreen, for example, the school slashed summer sections from nearly 200 in 2010 to 67 in 2012, says Vice President of Academic Affairs Keith Aytch.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Aytch says the decline is directly linked to state funding. Now that tax revenues are rolling in from the passage of Proposition 30 last fall, the school expects to have enough money to almost fully restore its summer offerings.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“The economy looks better for the state,” he says. “The governor is supporting community colleges, so hopefully we’ve turned the corner.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>A survey conducted by the California Community Colleges Chancellor’s Office found summer sessions all over the state are rebounding. At least a third of the state’s 112 schools are offering more courses this summer than last.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Paul Feist, spokesman for the chancellor’s office, says the trend is encouraging, but still not enough.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“This is not an indication that we are back to normal,” he says.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The influx of cash from Prop. 30 will accommodate only about 20,000 students, Feist says, less than 4 percent of those shut out.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“So, while we are adding students back, you can see we have a long way to go to make up for the ground that we lost,” he says.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>BRINGING STUDENTS BACK\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>At Evergreen, math teacher Teck Ky says he plans to take extra students in his classes this summer to help as many as possible get back up to speed. Last year, the school cut half his courses, creating bottlenecks for dozens of students. Now, he’s back to a full load, plus one extra class.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Teaching summer courses is good for him, too. Instructors at some colleges get extra cash for summer sessions.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Last year, [my kids] have to stay home and I had to create all the activities for them,” he says. “They didn’t like that. So this year I said, ‘OK, we can send you guys to summer camps because of the extra sections I’m going to be teaching.’ ”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>There is some concern that classes won’t fill up. Aytch that says after years of cuts, students might expect summer to be a bust. If they don’t sign up, it will be. Empty classes usually get canceled.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“When you take away so many units, you lose the student,” Aytch says. “So you have to work harder to bring those students back.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>So, students in nearby high schools, colleges and those already enrolled at Evergreen during the regular year are getting hit with a ton of email blasts.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Student Becky Zarco says it seems to be working.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“The classes that I signed up for are pretty much on wait list already, so I’m pretty stoked for that,” she says.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The California Community Colleges Chancellor’s Office projects that as long as the economy keeps improving, colleges will add courses this fall, too.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>Listen to Charla Bear’s story on \u003ca href=\"http://www.californiareport.org/archive/R201305310850/b\">The California Report\u003c/a>.\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>",
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"disqusTitle": "In California, Incarcerated Students Fall Through Gaps in Special Education Laws",
"title": "In California, Incarcerated Students Fall Through Gaps in Special Education Laws",
"headTitle": "News Fix | KQED News",
"content": "\u003cp>\u003cem>by Joanna Lin, \u003c/em>Center for Investigative Reporting\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>TEHACHAPI, Calif. – School ended for Michael Garcia with a routine transfer from juvenile hall to adult county jail. There was no fanfare, diploma or cap and gown. He hadn’t graduated or dropped out.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/news/2013/05/28/in-california-incarcerated-students-fall-through-gaps-in-special-education-laws/cir-logo-2/\" rel=\"attachment wp-att-98222\">\u003cimg class=\"size-medium wp-image-98222 alignleft\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2013/05/CIR-logo-300x72.png\" alt=\"CIR logo\" width=\"300\" height=\"72\">\u003c/a>He’d simply turned 18.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>For the next 19 months, he was in limbo, unable to receive the high school diploma that he’ll need for most jobs and to attend college. Despite being eligible for special education under state and federal laws – Garcia has a learning disability, an auditory processing disorder and a speech and language impairment – in the Los Angeles County Men’s Central Jail, he was a student that no one wanted to teach.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>California and federal laws allow students with disabilities to receive special education services until age 22. But the laws are vague enough that deciding who should provide that education is unclear.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Garcia has spent nearly five years in legal battles trying to hold someone accountable. This year, the California Supreme Court is expected to hear Garcia’s case to determine whether an incarcerated student’s local school district – the one in which his or her parents reside – is responsible for his or her special education.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_98224\" class=\"wp-caption alignright\" style=\"max-width: 200px\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/news/2013/05/28/in-california-incarcerated-students-fall-through-gaps-in-special-education-laws/incarcerated-students/\" rel=\"attachment wp-att-98224\">\u003cimg class=\"size-full wp-image-98224\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2013/05/incarcerated-students.jpg\" alt=\"Michael Garcia (center in photograph), who was once a junior cadet in the Bell Police Department's junior explorer program, struggled to receive special education services as an inmate in the Los Angeles County Men's Central Jail for 19 months. (Kelvin Kuo/ Center for Investigative Reporting)\" width=\"200\" height=\"200\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Michael Garcia (center in photograph) struggled to receive special education services as an inmate in the Los Angeles County Men's Central Jail. (Kelvin Kuo/ Center for Investigative Reporting)\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>The case has implications for county inmates with disabilities and school districts across the state that could be required to send teachers into jails to instruct special education students. In L.A. County jails alone, attorneys for Garcia estimate, between 400 and 700 young adults are eligible for special education on any given day.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The court’s decision will come too late for Garcia, who is incarcerated at a state prison – a system beyond the scope of his petition. Still, said Garcia, who turns 23 in June, “it’s the least I can do.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“I know other people are struggling to get education too but don’t have the courage to keep pushing,” he said. “I already went through that struggle. Why not keep going to help everyone else?”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>During a recent interview in prison, Garcia recited the Lord’s Prayer quickly, unblinking, through the thick glass of a visiting booth. The words weren’t always this easy for him to recall. Garcia grew up with his mother, Yamileth Fuentes, and four siblings in Bell, a small city in an industrial corridor southeast of downtown Los Angeles.\u003c!--more-->\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>After long hours of driving a county Metro bus, Fuentes would return home and teach Garcia angel prayers, first in Spanish and then in English, by having him repeat after her, line by line. Even after a month of saying the same prayers every night, Garcia would struggle to recite them on his own, Fuentes said. And because Garcia glossed over R’s and L’s, his words were garbled and difficult to understand.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In second grade, Garcia was found to have a learning disability caused by an auditory processing disorder and a speech and language impairment. He was assigned weekly speech therapy and placed in a special education class. Garcia said he hated the class for separating him from his peers and because it made him feel stupid.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>So in sixth grade, when he realized he had been mistakenly placed in a general education course, Garcia said nothing. He relished the chance to prove he was smart, that he did not need special education after all.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“It was a conflict I had with myself because I knew I was smart enough,” he said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>He failed the class. With an F on his report card, Garcia was dropped from the Bell Police Department’s junior explorer program, in which he had been a proud junior cadet who hoped to someday be a police officer.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Garcia said he got involved with the wrong crowd shortly after. By the time he finished middle school, he was a member of the Barrio Mojados gang.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>One evening in January 2006, Garcia was acting as a lookout as his friends tagged a corner store wall in South Los Angeles when two men from a rival gang came up to them and started shooting. Garcia said he ran toward them, shooting back.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>He then took cover behind a car in the driveway of a nearby house. The man and woman who lived there told Garcia to get out and tried to push him off their property. As the couple tussled with Garcia near the front yard, another teenage boy approached, pulling a gun from his waistband.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The couple testified that Garcia told the other boy, a fellow gang member, to shoot the man – a claim Garcia denies. Still, the other boy fired, striking the man’s pants.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Garcia was sentenced to 12 years in state prison for one count of attempted murder and two counts of vandalism. With time served, he’ll be released in 2016, when he’s 26 years old.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Garcia was a high school freshman when he was sent to Barry J. Nidorf Juvenile Hall in Sylmar to await trial. The Los Angeles County Office of Education ran the special day class he attended and provided him each week with 45 minutes of speech therapy and 30 minutes of counseling, to help him manage frustrations he felt because of his learning disability.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“I was still a kid,” he said. “I was going to the classroom, hanging out, not doing my work, fighting. I got older and I was like, what am I doing?”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>A few weeks after he turned 18, he was transferred to an L.A. County jail, and his special education services vanished.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Under California law, county offices of education serve students in juvenile halls. For all other students, state law generally holds the school district where a parent resides responsible for special education. The district remains responsible for the student, who may receive special education services until age 22, as long as his or her parent lives within district boundaries.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>An administrative law judge in 2009 found that the law extends to students incarcerated in county jails and ordered the Los Angeles Unified School District to provide special education services to Garcia, which the district did while also appealing the decision.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>A district court judge affirmed the decision, and L.A. Unified’s second appeal is now awaiting a hearing before the California Supreme Court. While the case is pending, a related class-action lawsuit – filed by Garcia and 10 other inmates against the district, state, county office of education and Los Angeles County Sheriff’s Department, among others – is on hold.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>L.A. Unified is “meeting legal requirements” to provide special education to inmates whose parents resided in district boundaries when the inmate turned 18, a district spokeswoman said in an email.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The district currently provides special education services to one of L.A. County’s 18,520 inmates, said Sheriff’s Department spokesman Steve Whitmore. At most, he said, the county has had no more than five inmates receiving special education, all from L.A. Unified, at the same time.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In court documents, L.A. Unified said that because there’s no law specifically assigning school districts to provide special education to inmates, the state Department of Education is responsible. The state, on the other hand, said it provides special education services only if it finds local agencies are “unwilling or unable to do so” – a circumstance that it said was not the case for students in Los Angeles County jails.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The state is “shirking their responsibility,” said Paula Pearlman, executive director of the Disability Rights Legal Center and an attorney for Garcia. When the local district and county education offices fail, the state is the “district of last resort,” she said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Since Garcia’s transfer from county jail to state prison in September 2010, the special education services he received under court order from L.A. Unified have stopped. He’s currently housed in the California Correctional Institution in Tehachapi.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Every Tuesday, Garcia attends a three-hour class in the prison to help him pass the General Educational Development test, which inmates can take once a month.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Practice exams have been challenging, he said, because he needs more time to comprehend each question than the test allows. The algebra in the test is difficult, too, especially because he can’t study with a calculator in his cell.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>He plans to take the test as soon as he can receive additional time – an accommodation called for in his individualized education program, a legal document that outlines a special education student’s goals and services.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>While Garcia’s case before the California Supreme Court is limited to L.A. Unified, Pearlman ultimately wants the state to provide oversight.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad floatright]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“If there was a system in place, it’s more likely these kids would get services … other than piecemeal, each district trying to figure out who’s there,” she said. “We don’t believe it should end based on your location.”\u003c/p>\n\n",
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"description": "by Joanna Lin, Center for Investigative Reporting TEHACHAPI, Calif. – School ended for Michael Garcia with a routine transfer from juvenile hall to adult county jail. There was no fanfare, diploma or cap and gown. He hadn’t graduated or dropped out. He’d simply turned 18. For the next 19 months, he was in limbo, unable",
"title": "In California, Incarcerated Students Fall Through Gaps in Special Education Laws | KQED",
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"headline": "In California, Incarcerated Students Fall Through Gaps in Special Education Laws",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>\u003cem>by Joanna Lin, \u003c/em>Center for Investigative Reporting\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>TEHACHAPI, Calif. – School ended for Michael Garcia with a routine transfer from juvenile hall to adult county jail. There was no fanfare, diploma or cap and gown. He hadn’t graduated or dropped out.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/news/2013/05/28/in-california-incarcerated-students-fall-through-gaps-in-special-education-laws/cir-logo-2/\" rel=\"attachment wp-att-98222\">\u003cimg class=\"size-medium wp-image-98222 alignleft\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2013/05/CIR-logo-300x72.png\" alt=\"CIR logo\" width=\"300\" height=\"72\">\u003c/a>He’d simply turned 18.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>For the next 19 months, he was in limbo, unable to receive the high school diploma that he’ll need for most jobs and to attend college. Despite being eligible for special education under state and federal laws – Garcia has a learning disability, an auditory processing disorder and a speech and language impairment – in the Los Angeles County Men’s Central Jail, he was a student that no one wanted to teach.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>California and federal laws allow students with disabilities to receive special education services until age 22. But the laws are vague enough that deciding who should provide that education is unclear.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Garcia has spent nearly five years in legal battles trying to hold someone accountable. This year, the California Supreme Court is expected to hear Garcia’s case to determine whether an incarcerated student’s local school district – the one in which his or her parents reside – is responsible for his or her special education.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_98224\" class=\"wp-caption alignright\" style=\"max-width: 200px\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/news/2013/05/28/in-california-incarcerated-students-fall-through-gaps-in-special-education-laws/incarcerated-students/\" rel=\"attachment wp-att-98224\">\u003cimg class=\"size-full wp-image-98224\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2013/05/incarcerated-students.jpg\" alt=\"Michael Garcia (center in photograph), who was once a junior cadet in the Bell Police Department's junior explorer program, struggled to receive special education services as an inmate in the Los Angeles County Men's Central Jail for 19 months. (Kelvin Kuo/ Center for Investigative Reporting)\" width=\"200\" height=\"200\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Michael Garcia (center in photograph) struggled to receive special education services as an inmate in the Los Angeles County Men's Central Jail. (Kelvin Kuo/ Center for Investigative Reporting)\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>The case has implications for county inmates with disabilities and school districts across the state that could be required to send teachers into jails to instruct special education students. In L.A. County jails alone, attorneys for Garcia estimate, between 400 and 700 young adults are eligible for special education on any given day.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The court’s decision will come too late for Garcia, who is incarcerated at a state prison – a system beyond the scope of his petition. Still, said Garcia, who turns 23 in June, “it’s the least I can do.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“I know other people are struggling to get education too but don’t have the courage to keep pushing,” he said. “I already went through that struggle. Why not keep going to help everyone else?”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>During a recent interview in prison, Garcia recited the Lord’s Prayer quickly, unblinking, through the thick glass of a visiting booth. The words weren’t always this easy for him to recall. Garcia grew up with his mother, Yamileth Fuentes, and four siblings in Bell, a small city in an industrial corridor southeast of downtown Los Angeles.\u003c!--more-->\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>After long hours of driving a county Metro bus, Fuentes would return home and teach Garcia angel prayers, first in Spanish and then in English, by having him repeat after her, line by line. Even after a month of saying the same prayers every night, Garcia would struggle to recite them on his own, Fuentes said. And because Garcia glossed over R’s and L’s, his words were garbled and difficult to understand.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In second grade, Garcia was found to have a learning disability caused by an auditory processing disorder and a speech and language impairment. He was assigned weekly speech therapy and placed in a special education class. Garcia said he hated the class for separating him from his peers and because it made him feel stupid.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>So in sixth grade, when he realized he had been mistakenly placed in a general education course, Garcia said nothing. He relished the chance to prove he was smart, that he did not need special education after all.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“It was a conflict I had with myself because I knew I was smart enough,” he said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>He failed the class. With an F on his report card, Garcia was dropped from the Bell Police Department’s junior explorer program, in which he had been a proud junior cadet who hoped to someday be a police officer.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Garcia said he got involved with the wrong crowd shortly after. By the time he finished middle school, he was a member of the Barrio Mojados gang.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>One evening in January 2006, Garcia was acting as a lookout as his friends tagged a corner store wall in South Los Angeles when two men from a rival gang came up to them and started shooting. Garcia said he ran toward them, shooting back.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>He then took cover behind a car in the driveway of a nearby house. The man and woman who lived there told Garcia to get out and tried to push him off their property. As the couple tussled with Garcia near the front yard, another teenage boy approached, pulling a gun from his waistband.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The couple testified that Garcia told the other boy, a fellow gang member, to shoot the man – a claim Garcia denies. Still, the other boy fired, striking the man’s pants.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Garcia was sentenced to 12 years in state prison for one count of attempted murder and two counts of vandalism. With time served, he’ll be released in 2016, when he’s 26 years old.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Garcia was a high school freshman when he was sent to Barry J. Nidorf Juvenile Hall in Sylmar to await trial. The Los Angeles County Office of Education ran the special day class he attended and provided him each week with 45 minutes of speech therapy and 30 minutes of counseling, to help him manage frustrations he felt because of his learning disability.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“I was still a kid,” he said. “I was going to the classroom, hanging out, not doing my work, fighting. I got older and I was like, what am I doing?”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>A few weeks after he turned 18, he was transferred to an L.A. County jail, and his special education services vanished.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Under California law, county offices of education serve students in juvenile halls. For all other students, state law generally holds the school district where a parent resides responsible for special education. The district remains responsible for the student, who may receive special education services until age 22, as long as his or her parent lives within district boundaries.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>An administrative law judge in 2009 found that the law extends to students incarcerated in county jails and ordered the Los Angeles Unified School District to provide special education services to Garcia, which the district did while also appealing the decision.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>A district court judge affirmed the decision, and L.A. Unified’s second appeal is now awaiting a hearing before the California Supreme Court. While the case is pending, a related class-action lawsuit – filed by Garcia and 10 other inmates against the district, state, county office of education and Los Angeles County Sheriff’s Department, among others – is on hold.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>L.A. Unified is “meeting legal requirements” to provide special education to inmates whose parents resided in district boundaries when the inmate turned 18, a district spokeswoman said in an email.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The district currently provides special education services to one of L.A. County’s 18,520 inmates, said Sheriff’s Department spokesman Steve Whitmore. At most, he said, the county has had no more than five inmates receiving special education, all from L.A. Unified, at the same time.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In court documents, L.A. Unified said that because there’s no law specifically assigning school districts to provide special education to inmates, the state Department of Education is responsible. The state, on the other hand, said it provides special education services only if it finds local agencies are “unwilling or unable to do so” – a circumstance that it said was not the case for students in Los Angeles County jails.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The state is “shirking their responsibility,” said Paula Pearlman, executive director of the Disability Rights Legal Center and an attorney for Garcia. When the local district and county education offices fail, the state is the “district of last resort,” she said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Since Garcia’s transfer from county jail to state prison in September 2010, the special education services he received under court order from L.A. Unified have stopped. He’s currently housed in the California Correctional Institution in Tehachapi.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Every Tuesday, Garcia attends a three-hour class in the prison to help him pass the General Educational Development test, which inmates can take once a month.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Practice exams have been challenging, he said, because he needs more time to comprehend each question than the test allows. The algebra in the test is difficult, too, especially because he can’t study with a calculator in his cell.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>He plans to take the test as soon as he can receive additional time – an accommodation called for in his individualized education program, a legal document that outlines a special education student’s goals and services.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>While Garcia’s case before the California Supreme Court is limited to L.A. Unified, Pearlman ultimately wants the state to provide oversight.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“If there was a system in place, it’s more likely these kids would get services … other than piecemeal, each district trying to figure out who’s there,” she said. “We don’t believe it should end based on your location.”\u003c/p>\n\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>",
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"disqusTitle": "California Lacks Means to Evaluate Teachers",
"title": "California Lacks Means to Evaluate Teachers",
"headTitle": "News Fix | KQED News",
"content": "\u003cp>\u003cem>by Jackie Mader, \u003ca href=\"http://hechingerreport.org/\">The Hechinger Report\u003c/a> \u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>On a recent afternoon at California State University, Northridge, Nancy Prosenjak was attempting to quiet the graduate students spread out across conference tables in the back of her classroom. She was still missing nearly a third of the class, but she was eager to debrief with her students about their first day of student teaching.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_97422\" class=\"wp-caption alignleft\" style=\"max-width: 300px\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/news/2013/05/16/97415/teacher-1-2/\" rel=\"attachment wp-att-97422\">\u003cimg class=\"size-medium wp-image-97422\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2013/05/teacher-11-300x199.jpg\" alt=\"Nancy Prosenjak, a professor at California State University, Northridge. (Jackie Mader / The Hechinger Report\" width=\"300\" height=\"199\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Nancy Prosenjak, a professor at California State University, Northridge. (Jackie Mader / The Hechinger Report\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>“You’re still smiling, this is good!” she told her students as the chatter died down. A few stragglers trickled in, wearily making their way to their seats.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The 17 students had spent the morning in classrooms across North Los Angeles and would devote the rest of the afternoon to discussing their experiences in Prosenjak’s supervised fieldwork course, a class dedicated to student teaching. The class is a requirement in the university’s post-baccalaureate teacher preparation program.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Who taught for one hour?” Prosenjak asked.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Nearly all the students raised their hand.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Who was in charge for more than an hour?”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Five hands remained.\u003c!--more-->\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“How did that feel?” Prosenjak asked.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“It went quickly,” responded one student. “I liked it.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>For the rest of the semester, the students will gradually take over more responsibilities in local classrooms, many of which are in low-performing schools in high-poverty districts. Then, after a year of coursework, including an average of nearly 500 hours of practice in schools, most can seek out jobs running their own classrooms by this fall.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>A high-quality teacher can make all the difference to a student who is struggling, according to a growing body of research that has found teachers are the largest in-school factor affecting student achievement. And there’s an emerging consensus that how teacher candidates are chosen and trained can make all the difference in developing teachers with the knowledge and skills to propel their students ahead.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But after students leave schools of education, and after years of reforms, the institutions often have no way of ascertaining if their programs produced strong teachers.\u003c/p>\n\u003caside class=\"pullquote alignleft\">More on this topic:\n\u003cul>\n\u003cli>\u003ca href=\"http://cironline.org/reports/california-test-aspiring-teachers-serving-model-national-exam-4527\">California's teacher test is a national model\u003c/a>\u003c/li>\n\u003c/ul>\n\u003cul>\n\u003cli>\u003ca href=\"http://cironline.org/reports/programs-offering-alternative-routes-teaching-careers-grow-4528\">Routes to a teaching credential proliferate\u003c/a>\u003c/li>\n\u003c/ul>\n\u003c/aside>\n\u003cp>In 1998, when \u003ca href=\"http://nces.ed.gov/nationsreportcard/states/\">20 percent of the California’s fourth-graders\u003c/a> tested at or above proficient in reading on the National Assessment of Educational Progress, lawmakers in California passed \u003ca href=\"http://www.leginfo.ca.gov/pub/97-98/bill/sen/sb_2001-2050/sb_2042_bill_19980918_chaptered.html\">ambitious legislation\u003c/a> meant to strengthen teacher preparation programs. The legislation allowed for multiple routes to the classroom and introduced uniform design standards for those programs. It also created new tests to ensure aspiring teachers were ready for the classroom.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Schools of education adopted the reforms and adapted their programs beginning in 2002. In California, there are various routes to becoming a teacher, all of which require attaining a bachelor’s degree, passing several competency exams and spending time in a classroom.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Yet about 10 years after the reforms, there is little more than anecdotal evidence – and no hard data – to show whether teachers graduating from these programs are better than those who graduated before the reforms. Student test scores, which are increasingly used to assess teacher performance, have shown little improvement. By 2011, the number of California students proficient on the national reading exam had increased 5 percentage points, to 25 percent.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The need for quality teachers is especially urgent in California, where experts anticipate that thousands of teachers \u003ca href=\"http://californiawatch.org/dailyreport/state-faces-teacher-shortage-more-retire-fewer-enter-profession-15172\">will retire in the next few years\u003c/a> even as fewer people are attracted to the profession. (Between 2006 and 2011, enrollment in the state’s teacher training programs fell by 33 percent, most likely due to lack of job certainty, educators say.)\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The retirement figures – combined with a \u003ca href=\"http://californiawatch.org/k-12/california-thousands-teachers-missing-needed-credentials-18814\">large number of teachers currently teaching in subjects for which they are not certified\u003c/a> and an ongoing \u003ca href=\"http://www.cde.ca.gov/pd/bt/ts/\">shortage of teachers\u003c/a> in areas like math, science and special education – have researchers estimating that California could lack nearly \u003ca href=\"http://www.calstate.edu/teacherquality/documents/possible_dream_exec.pdf\">33,000 teachers by 2015\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The declining number of students studying to become teachers has forced programs to try new recruiting tactics, including expanding to online programs that can draw students from rural areas or distant parts of the state.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>More new teachers also are earning their degree through district-run programs where education students start teaching in classrooms almost right away and take classes at a local university in the evening. But for aspiring teachers in California, enrolling in a traditional teacher preparation program through a private or public university is still the most popular route to the classroom.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>At CSU Northridge, Michael Spagna, dean of the college of education, says the school of education underwent extensive changes after the reforms were passed in 1998. He says it was a “seismic shift” for California.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Many say the biggest change to teacher preparation was the introduction of a mandatory performance assessment, a multipart exam meant to assess how prepared teachers are for the classroom. The exam is required for certification and is taken at the end of the program or at certain points during the program, depending on the version of the test the training program uses.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Schools of education created classes solely focused on preparing students to pass the exam, which centers on the “teaching event” where teacher candidates videotape a lesson and analyze it in a series of lengthy essays.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In education classrooms across California, the mention of the performance assessment elicits groans. “They think it’s this giant, big thing that they’re writing,” said Prosenjak of CSU Northridge. “Actually, it’s what teachers do every day,” she added. “But they just don’t write down 50 pages about it.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Programs also were asked to make uncomfortable changes. After the passage of legislation in 1970, students could no longer become teachers after only completing an undergraduate program. Schools of education had to shrink what had been multiple-year courses of undergraduate study into a yearlong post-baccalaureate offering. And while aspiring teachers still could begin taking education courses in their undergraduate years, they now had to stay for a fifth year.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>When the 1998 reforms were passed, schools suddenly had to fit even more required coursework, such as health and technology education, into the year. The reforms brought a new emphasis on teaching English-language learners, which meant programs had to infuse strategies to reach these students throughout their courses.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“We were struggling,” said David Kretschmer, professor and chairman of the Department of Elementary Education at CSU Northridge. “It was a matter of squeezing other things out.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The school discarded courses focusing on generic methods of teaching, instead offering methods courses specific to subject areas. Kretschmer said many courses improved, and the emphasis on English learners has \u003ca href=\"http://californiawatch.org/k-12/english-learners-still-far-behind-using-immersion-methods-13161\">mostly been seen as a success\u003c/a>. But other courses didn’t drill down as deeply as they once did. “That was just an untenable position because we couldn’t do what we needed to do,” he said.\u003cstrong> \u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_97419\" class=\"wp-caption alignright\" style=\"max-width: 300px\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/news/2013/05/16/97415/teacher-2/\" rel=\"attachment wp-att-97419\">\u003cimg class=\"size-medium wp-image-97419 \" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2013/05/teacher-2-300x199.jpg\" alt=\"Graduate students in the teacher preparation program at California State University, Northridge (Jackie Mader / The Hechinger Report) \" width=\"300\" height=\"199\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Graduate students in the teacher preparation program at California State University, Northridge. (Jackie Mader / The Hechinger Report)\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>As schools of education tinkered with their courses and focused on preparing teachers for the new test, experts began to realize that there was no accountability system to make sure the reforms were working.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In 2006, Sharon E. Russell, a professor at California State University, Dominguez Hills, \u003ca href=\"http://www1.chapman.edu/ITE/08russell.pdf\">published one\u003c/a> of several reports that highlighted the \u003ca href=\"http://www.ctc.ca.gov/commission/agendas/2004-06/june-2004-7A.pdf\">difficulties in tracking the impact of the teacher preparation reforms\u003c/a> and argued for creating a system to connect teacher performance with student achievement as a way to see if they were working.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Officials at teacher preparation programs say they are eager for guidance, and they point to flaws in the state’s current \u003ca href=\"http://www.ctc.ca.gov/reports/coa_2011_12_annual_report.pdf\">accountability system\u003c/a> for teaching programs, which looks at factors like admissions requirements and class offerings before approving programs.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Julie Gainsburg, associate professor at CSU Northridge, was part of a research team that in 2009 attempted to study the classroom performance of recent graduates. The team found that it was hard to disaggregate the teacher preparation program’s impact from other factors, like a teacher’s own philosophies about teaching or professional development he or she received while teaching at the school.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Unfortunately, we don’t know a lot about what happens to our graduates when they go out,” Gainsburg said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Several other researchers from CSU Northridge have attempted to study the performance of their teachers after graduation by using student test scores from the classrooms of recent graduates, however. In 2007, David Wright, the director of the California State University system’s Center for Teacher Quality analyzed how graduates from CSU Northridge \u003ca href=\"http://www.csun.edu/tne/whites/TNE_D6.pdf\">compared with those from other teacher preparation programs\u003c/a> in the state by looking at student achievement data.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Wright reported that in reading, graduates from other programs tended to slightly outperform CSU Northridge graduates. But another study found that teachers trained by California State University programs appeared to be more effective at teaching math to English language learners than teachers trained elsewhere.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The Center for Teacher Quality has produced annual reports since 2010 that compare student test scores of teachers within various California State University campuses against those from other programs. But the center cautions that test scores must be supplemented with other data because California’s tests don’t completely measure all aspects of what a student has learned.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Debating the use of student data\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Spagna argues that student test score data is the key to helping teacher programs – and the state – figure out whether they are succeeding. “No institution of higher education, no teacher preparation program, is ultimately going to be able to tell how successful they were without pupil learning (data),” the CSU Northridge college of education dean said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The problem is that while the college sends out surveys to graduates and employers, Spagna says it does not receive information from local school districts about how effective graduates are in their classrooms. “The right side of the equation is still missing,” he added.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Besides the surveys, programs can also look at the results of the performance assessments, which candidates take before receiving their credential. Teacher educators mostly praise the test because they say it helps them develop thoughtful teachers, but some question the rigor and credibility of the tests, which can be taken twice in California and which are scored by the institutions training the candidates. One of the performance assessments, taken by about 30 percent of all teacher candidates in the state, has a \u003ca href=\"http://www.ctc.ca.gov/commission/agendas/2012-04/2012-04-6B.pdf\">94 percent pass rate for first-time takers\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>And some say success on that exam does not guarantee a teacher will be strong. “It’s problematic,” said Gainsburg. “To imagine that this test given at (this) time … in their teaching career should correlate to what their kids are doing five years later, it’s so indirect,” she added.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>California is not alone in grappling with how best to improve the development of new teachers. Elsewhere, education schools are under fire and also dealing with new competition, as online programs and alternative pathways vie for a shrinking population of people interested in becoming teachers.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In 2006, Arthur Levine, the former president of Teachers College, Columbia University, published a lengthy \u003ca href=\"http://www.edschools.org/pdf/Educating_Teachers_Report.pdf\">report\u003c/a> on the state of teacher education, calling it a “troubled field” and criticizing schools of education for having low admission and graduation standards, and “wide disparities in institutional quality.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>A national debate has raged for the past few years about whether student test scores can provide a reliable and fair measure of teacher performance. Using those scores to examine a teacher’s academic training is also complicated.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In California, experts say it is difficult to tie a teacher’s performance directly back to the school they attended, in part, because another aspect of the 1998 reforms required teachers to receive additional training on the job. “There are a lot of factors that go into a teacher’s performance in the classroom, and certainly some of those do happen after teachers leave the preparation program,” said Sarah Almy, director of teacher quality at the Education Trust, a Washington D.C.-based advocacy group that pushes for more accountability in education.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>James Wyckoff, director of the Center on Education Policy and Workforce Competitiveness at the University of Virginia, agrees that it can be complex. But he says that some researchers have found that it is helpful to compare the success of teachers from different programs. “The information we’re getting from this is better than nothing, which is sort of what we’ve had before,” he said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Other states have increasingly embraced the use of student test scores for measuring teacher programs. Louisiana has used \u003ca href=\"http://www.regentsfiles.org/assets/docs/TeacherPreparation/RegentsRecsept11FINAL.pdf\">student test score data\u003c/a> since 2006 to determine which teacher training programs are most effective. While some say it has raised accountability for schools of education, some education schools have pointed to flaws and called the systems unfair.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The federal government has also tried to regulate quality in teacher training. In 1998, the same year California passed its reforms, Congress passed a new version of the federal Higher Education Act that required states to identify, report and help low-performing teacher preparation programs.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But like California’s law, the impact of the requirements still isn’t clear more than a decade later. Each state can determine its own criteria for evaluating programs, and in the past decade, \u003ca href=\"https://title2.ed.gov/TitleIIReport10_508.pdf\">25 states\u003c/a> have identified a program as “at-risk” or “low-performing.” And among the 42 states and the District of Columbia that provided a detailed description of their criteria to the federal government, 17 states and the district used a single criterion to evaluate teacher preparation programs, such as the program’s completion rate or its pass rate on state certification assessments.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Recruiting the best and brightest\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>At 12:15 on a recent Tuesday afternoon, Lynne Goldfarb began the last day of the semester for her master’s level humanities class in the University of Southern California’s education program. This was not a typical USC classroom; Goldfarb’s class is held weekly online, with two students logging on from Los Angeles and Phoenix.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Today we’re going to look at how the two of you, in your own individual ways, in your own individual classes, have applied what you’ve learned in this class,” Goldfarb said, looking into her laptop’s camera.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>With a few quick clicks, Goldfarb made of one her students the host of the online classroom, which would allow the student to share what was on her computer desktop with the class.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“This is sort of a game changer,” Goldfarb said, referring to the platform that USC uses for its online program, which allows students to see each other, share their computer screens and chat live during class. She says that one of the benefits of the online program is the ability for students from across the country to share experiences and strategies with each other. “It’s a cross- pollination of sorts,” she said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The online class is the product of USC’s evolving college of education, and a distant byproduct of the 1998 reforms. With fewer students enrolling in schools of education, an increasing number of traditional programs have started online components to draw in students who may find distance learning more convenient. The programs with the biggest enrollment numbers in California are now institutions with extensive online offerings, according to federal data.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But Karen Gallagher, dean of USC’s Rossier School of Education, says that although the online program has high enrollment rates, there’s no data to show if the teachers trained online are better – or worse – than those trained in brick-and-mortar classrooms.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Both education schools and would-be reformers of teacher training have embraced the idea of reaching out to a new population of potential teachers, because critics of teacher preparation programs say their biggest problem may be the kinds of people they recruit to become teachers in the first place. For years, colleges of education have battled reputations of attracting students with low test scores and grade-point averages.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>According to a \u003ca href=\"http://media.collegeboard.com/digitalServices/pdf/research/cbs2011_total_group_report.pdf\">2011 College Board report\u003c/a>, SAT takers planning to major in education scored an average of 480 in reading – below most disciplines, including law, engineering and psychology. And among teacher preparation programs, admissions requirements vary greatly.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>California requires a minimum score on the entrance exam students must take before they enroll in any teacher preparation program, but it is low. The cut score on the California Basic Educational Skills Test is 123 out of a top score of 240, or 51 percent – a percentage that would be considered a failing grade in most classrooms.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The test is split into three sections, which can be retaken as many times as needed, and scores from individual sections can be cobbled together to make a passing score. “If you are an intelligent ninth-grader, you can probably complete it with very little problem,” said Kretschmer, the CSU Northridge professor.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>And while some schools have chosen to raise the cut scores or GPA required for admission, not everyone agrees that tougher admission requirements will result in a better teacher. “People say that’s a no brainer; you’re going to get better teachers if you increase the GPA,” said Spagna, a dean at CSU Northridge. “I would say that’s not a no brainer.” Spagna said some traits, such as having a cultural connection with students, may also have a positive effect on a person’s ability to be a good teacher.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>At CSU Northridge, students say the many requirements needed to graduate, and the packed programs that often require long days of student teaching followed by evening classes, have served them well.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Austin Trujillo quit his job in entertainment to enter the program and says the program takes dedication and self-discipline – and that he is more confident about his job prospects than if he had chosen a newer, alternative program. “If you’re in competition and you have a degree from Northridge’s teaching credential program versus someone with an online degree, I think they’re going to assume you have a better-hands on experience,” he said. “It will be more respectable.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Nancy Prosenjak’s class is filled with others like him, students who were attracted to the program because they said it has a strong reputation among area principals. For these future teachers, it was all the data they needed to judge whether the program was working or not.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad floatright]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>This story was produced by \u003c/em>\u003cem>\u003ca href=\"http://hechingerreport.org/\">The Hechinger Report\u003c/a>\u003c/em>\u003cem>, a nonprofit, nonpartisan education-news outlet affiliated with Teachers College, Columbia University.\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\n",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>\u003cem>by Jackie Mader, \u003ca href=\"http://hechingerreport.org/\">The Hechinger Report\u003c/a> \u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>On a recent afternoon at California State University, Northridge, Nancy Prosenjak was attempting to quiet the graduate students spread out across conference tables in the back of her classroom. She was still missing nearly a third of the class, but she was eager to debrief with her students about their first day of student teaching.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_97422\" class=\"wp-caption alignleft\" style=\"max-width: 300px\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/news/2013/05/16/97415/teacher-1-2/\" rel=\"attachment wp-att-97422\">\u003cimg class=\"size-medium wp-image-97422\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2013/05/teacher-11-300x199.jpg\" alt=\"Nancy Prosenjak, a professor at California State University, Northridge. (Jackie Mader / The Hechinger Report\" width=\"300\" height=\"199\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Nancy Prosenjak, a professor at California State University, Northridge. (Jackie Mader / The Hechinger Report\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>“You’re still smiling, this is good!” she told her students as the chatter died down. A few stragglers trickled in, wearily making their way to their seats.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The 17 students had spent the morning in classrooms across North Los Angeles and would devote the rest of the afternoon to discussing their experiences in Prosenjak’s supervised fieldwork course, a class dedicated to student teaching. The class is a requirement in the university’s post-baccalaureate teacher preparation program.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Who taught for one hour?” Prosenjak asked.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Nearly all the students raised their hand.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Who was in charge for more than an hour?”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Five hands remained.\u003c!--more-->\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“How did that feel?” Prosenjak asked.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“It went quickly,” responded one student. “I liked it.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>For the rest of the semester, the students will gradually take over more responsibilities in local classrooms, many of which are in low-performing schools in high-poverty districts. Then, after a year of coursework, including an average of nearly 500 hours of practice in schools, most can seek out jobs running their own classrooms by this fall.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>A high-quality teacher can make all the difference to a student who is struggling, according to a growing body of research that has found teachers are the largest in-school factor affecting student achievement. And there’s an emerging consensus that how teacher candidates are chosen and trained can make all the difference in developing teachers with the knowledge and skills to propel their students ahead.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But after students leave schools of education, and after years of reforms, the institutions often have no way of ascertaining if their programs produced strong teachers.\u003c/p>\n\u003caside class=\"pullquote alignleft\">More on this topic:\n\u003cul>\n\u003cli>\u003ca href=\"http://cironline.org/reports/california-test-aspiring-teachers-serving-model-national-exam-4527\">California's teacher test is a national model\u003c/a>\u003c/li>\n\u003c/ul>\n\u003cul>\n\u003cli>\u003ca href=\"http://cironline.org/reports/programs-offering-alternative-routes-teaching-careers-grow-4528\">Routes to a teaching credential proliferate\u003c/a>\u003c/li>\n\u003c/ul>\n\u003c/aside>\n\u003cp>In 1998, when \u003ca href=\"http://nces.ed.gov/nationsreportcard/states/\">20 percent of the California’s fourth-graders\u003c/a> tested at or above proficient in reading on the National Assessment of Educational Progress, lawmakers in California passed \u003ca href=\"http://www.leginfo.ca.gov/pub/97-98/bill/sen/sb_2001-2050/sb_2042_bill_19980918_chaptered.html\">ambitious legislation\u003c/a> meant to strengthen teacher preparation programs. The legislation allowed for multiple routes to the classroom and introduced uniform design standards for those programs. It also created new tests to ensure aspiring teachers were ready for the classroom.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Schools of education adopted the reforms and adapted their programs beginning in 2002. In California, there are various routes to becoming a teacher, all of which require attaining a bachelor’s degree, passing several competency exams and spending time in a classroom.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Yet about 10 years after the reforms, there is little more than anecdotal evidence – and no hard data – to show whether teachers graduating from these programs are better than those who graduated before the reforms. Student test scores, which are increasingly used to assess teacher performance, have shown little improvement. By 2011, the number of California students proficient on the national reading exam had increased 5 percentage points, to 25 percent.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The need for quality teachers is especially urgent in California, where experts anticipate that thousands of teachers \u003ca href=\"http://californiawatch.org/dailyreport/state-faces-teacher-shortage-more-retire-fewer-enter-profession-15172\">will retire in the next few years\u003c/a> even as fewer people are attracted to the profession. (Between 2006 and 2011, enrollment in the state’s teacher training programs fell by 33 percent, most likely due to lack of job certainty, educators say.)\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The retirement figures – combined with a \u003ca href=\"http://californiawatch.org/k-12/california-thousands-teachers-missing-needed-credentials-18814\">large number of teachers currently teaching in subjects for which they are not certified\u003c/a> and an ongoing \u003ca href=\"http://www.cde.ca.gov/pd/bt/ts/\">shortage of teachers\u003c/a> in areas like math, science and special education – have researchers estimating that California could lack nearly \u003ca href=\"http://www.calstate.edu/teacherquality/documents/possible_dream_exec.pdf\">33,000 teachers by 2015\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The declining number of students studying to become teachers has forced programs to try new recruiting tactics, including expanding to online programs that can draw students from rural areas or distant parts of the state.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>More new teachers also are earning their degree through district-run programs where education students start teaching in classrooms almost right away and take classes at a local university in the evening. But for aspiring teachers in California, enrolling in a traditional teacher preparation program through a private or public university is still the most popular route to the classroom.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>At CSU Northridge, Michael Spagna, dean of the college of education, says the school of education underwent extensive changes after the reforms were passed in 1998. He says it was a “seismic shift” for California.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Many say the biggest change to teacher preparation was the introduction of a mandatory performance assessment, a multipart exam meant to assess how prepared teachers are for the classroom. The exam is required for certification and is taken at the end of the program or at certain points during the program, depending on the version of the test the training program uses.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Schools of education created classes solely focused on preparing students to pass the exam, which centers on the “teaching event” where teacher candidates videotape a lesson and analyze it in a series of lengthy essays.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In education classrooms across California, the mention of the performance assessment elicits groans. “They think it’s this giant, big thing that they’re writing,” said Prosenjak of CSU Northridge. “Actually, it’s what teachers do every day,” she added. “But they just don’t write down 50 pages about it.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Programs also were asked to make uncomfortable changes. After the passage of legislation in 1970, students could no longer become teachers after only completing an undergraduate program. Schools of education had to shrink what had been multiple-year courses of undergraduate study into a yearlong post-baccalaureate offering. And while aspiring teachers still could begin taking education courses in their undergraduate years, they now had to stay for a fifth year.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>When the 1998 reforms were passed, schools suddenly had to fit even more required coursework, such as health and technology education, into the year. The reforms brought a new emphasis on teaching English-language learners, which meant programs had to infuse strategies to reach these students throughout their courses.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“We were struggling,” said David Kretschmer, professor and chairman of the Department of Elementary Education at CSU Northridge. “It was a matter of squeezing other things out.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The school discarded courses focusing on generic methods of teaching, instead offering methods courses specific to subject areas. Kretschmer said many courses improved, and the emphasis on English learners has \u003ca href=\"http://californiawatch.org/k-12/english-learners-still-far-behind-using-immersion-methods-13161\">mostly been seen as a success\u003c/a>. But other courses didn’t drill down as deeply as they once did. “That was just an untenable position because we couldn’t do what we needed to do,” he said.\u003cstrong> \u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_97419\" class=\"wp-caption alignright\" style=\"max-width: 300px\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/news/2013/05/16/97415/teacher-2/\" rel=\"attachment wp-att-97419\">\u003cimg class=\"size-medium wp-image-97419 \" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2013/05/teacher-2-300x199.jpg\" alt=\"Graduate students in the teacher preparation program at California State University, Northridge (Jackie Mader / The Hechinger Report) \" width=\"300\" height=\"199\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Graduate students in the teacher preparation program at California State University, Northridge. (Jackie Mader / The Hechinger Report)\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>As schools of education tinkered with their courses and focused on preparing teachers for the new test, experts began to realize that there was no accountability system to make sure the reforms were working.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In 2006, Sharon E. Russell, a professor at California State University, Dominguez Hills, \u003ca href=\"http://www1.chapman.edu/ITE/08russell.pdf\">published one\u003c/a> of several reports that highlighted the \u003ca href=\"http://www.ctc.ca.gov/commission/agendas/2004-06/june-2004-7A.pdf\">difficulties in tracking the impact of the teacher preparation reforms\u003c/a> and argued for creating a system to connect teacher performance with student achievement as a way to see if they were working.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Officials at teacher preparation programs say they are eager for guidance, and they point to flaws in the state’s current \u003ca href=\"http://www.ctc.ca.gov/reports/coa_2011_12_annual_report.pdf\">accountability system\u003c/a> for teaching programs, which looks at factors like admissions requirements and class offerings before approving programs.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Julie Gainsburg, associate professor at CSU Northridge, was part of a research team that in 2009 attempted to study the classroom performance of recent graduates. The team found that it was hard to disaggregate the teacher preparation program’s impact from other factors, like a teacher’s own philosophies about teaching or professional development he or she received while teaching at the school.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Unfortunately, we don’t know a lot about what happens to our graduates when they go out,” Gainsburg said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Several other researchers from CSU Northridge have attempted to study the performance of their teachers after graduation by using student test scores from the classrooms of recent graduates, however. In 2007, David Wright, the director of the California State University system’s Center for Teacher Quality analyzed how graduates from CSU Northridge \u003ca href=\"http://www.csun.edu/tne/whites/TNE_D6.pdf\">compared with those from other teacher preparation programs\u003c/a> in the state by looking at student achievement data.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Wright reported that in reading, graduates from other programs tended to slightly outperform CSU Northridge graduates. But another study found that teachers trained by California State University programs appeared to be more effective at teaching math to English language learners than teachers trained elsewhere.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The Center for Teacher Quality has produced annual reports since 2010 that compare student test scores of teachers within various California State University campuses against those from other programs. But the center cautions that test scores must be supplemented with other data because California’s tests don’t completely measure all aspects of what a student has learned.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Debating the use of student data\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Spagna argues that student test score data is the key to helping teacher programs – and the state – figure out whether they are succeeding. “No institution of higher education, no teacher preparation program, is ultimately going to be able to tell how successful they were without pupil learning (data),” the CSU Northridge college of education dean said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The problem is that while the college sends out surveys to graduates and employers, Spagna says it does not receive information from local school districts about how effective graduates are in their classrooms. “The right side of the equation is still missing,” he added.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Besides the surveys, programs can also look at the results of the performance assessments, which candidates take before receiving their credential. Teacher educators mostly praise the test because they say it helps them develop thoughtful teachers, but some question the rigor and credibility of the tests, which can be taken twice in California and which are scored by the institutions training the candidates. One of the performance assessments, taken by about 30 percent of all teacher candidates in the state, has a \u003ca href=\"http://www.ctc.ca.gov/commission/agendas/2012-04/2012-04-6B.pdf\">94 percent pass rate for first-time takers\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>And some say success on that exam does not guarantee a teacher will be strong. “It’s problematic,” said Gainsburg. “To imagine that this test given at (this) time … in their teaching career should correlate to what their kids are doing five years later, it’s so indirect,” she added.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>California is not alone in grappling with how best to improve the development of new teachers. Elsewhere, education schools are under fire and also dealing with new competition, as online programs and alternative pathways vie for a shrinking population of people interested in becoming teachers.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In 2006, Arthur Levine, the former president of Teachers College, Columbia University, published a lengthy \u003ca href=\"http://www.edschools.org/pdf/Educating_Teachers_Report.pdf\">report\u003c/a> on the state of teacher education, calling it a “troubled field” and criticizing schools of education for having low admission and graduation standards, and “wide disparities in institutional quality.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>A national debate has raged for the past few years about whether student test scores can provide a reliable and fair measure of teacher performance. Using those scores to examine a teacher’s academic training is also complicated.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In California, experts say it is difficult to tie a teacher’s performance directly back to the school they attended, in part, because another aspect of the 1998 reforms required teachers to receive additional training on the job. “There are a lot of factors that go into a teacher’s performance in the classroom, and certainly some of those do happen after teachers leave the preparation program,” said Sarah Almy, director of teacher quality at the Education Trust, a Washington D.C.-based advocacy group that pushes for more accountability in education.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>James Wyckoff, director of the Center on Education Policy and Workforce Competitiveness at the University of Virginia, agrees that it can be complex. But he says that some researchers have found that it is helpful to compare the success of teachers from different programs. “The information we’re getting from this is better than nothing, which is sort of what we’ve had before,” he said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Other states have increasingly embraced the use of student test scores for measuring teacher programs. Louisiana has used \u003ca href=\"http://www.regentsfiles.org/assets/docs/TeacherPreparation/RegentsRecsept11FINAL.pdf\">student test score data\u003c/a> since 2006 to determine which teacher training programs are most effective. While some say it has raised accountability for schools of education, some education schools have pointed to flaws and called the systems unfair.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The federal government has also tried to regulate quality in teacher training. In 1998, the same year California passed its reforms, Congress passed a new version of the federal Higher Education Act that required states to identify, report and help low-performing teacher preparation programs.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But like California’s law, the impact of the requirements still isn’t clear more than a decade later. Each state can determine its own criteria for evaluating programs, and in the past decade, \u003ca href=\"https://title2.ed.gov/TitleIIReport10_508.pdf\">25 states\u003c/a> have identified a program as “at-risk” or “low-performing.” And among the 42 states and the District of Columbia that provided a detailed description of their criteria to the federal government, 17 states and the district used a single criterion to evaluate teacher preparation programs, such as the program’s completion rate or its pass rate on state certification assessments.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Recruiting the best and brightest\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>At 12:15 on a recent Tuesday afternoon, Lynne Goldfarb began the last day of the semester for her master’s level humanities class in the University of Southern California’s education program. This was not a typical USC classroom; Goldfarb’s class is held weekly online, with two students logging on from Los Angeles and Phoenix.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Today we’re going to look at how the two of you, in your own individual ways, in your own individual classes, have applied what you’ve learned in this class,” Goldfarb said, looking into her laptop’s camera.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>With a few quick clicks, Goldfarb made of one her students the host of the online classroom, which would allow the student to share what was on her computer desktop with the class.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“This is sort of a game changer,” Goldfarb said, referring to the platform that USC uses for its online program, which allows students to see each other, share their computer screens and chat live during class. She says that one of the benefits of the online program is the ability for students from across the country to share experiences and strategies with each other. “It’s a cross- pollination of sorts,” she said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The online class is the product of USC’s evolving college of education, and a distant byproduct of the 1998 reforms. With fewer students enrolling in schools of education, an increasing number of traditional programs have started online components to draw in students who may find distance learning more convenient. The programs with the biggest enrollment numbers in California are now institutions with extensive online offerings, according to federal data.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But Karen Gallagher, dean of USC’s Rossier School of Education, says that although the online program has high enrollment rates, there’s no data to show if the teachers trained online are better – or worse – than those trained in brick-and-mortar classrooms.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Both education schools and would-be reformers of teacher training have embraced the idea of reaching out to a new population of potential teachers, because critics of teacher preparation programs say their biggest problem may be the kinds of people they recruit to become teachers in the first place. For years, colleges of education have battled reputations of attracting students with low test scores and grade-point averages.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>According to a \u003ca href=\"http://media.collegeboard.com/digitalServices/pdf/research/cbs2011_total_group_report.pdf\">2011 College Board report\u003c/a>, SAT takers planning to major in education scored an average of 480 in reading – below most disciplines, including law, engineering and psychology. And among teacher preparation programs, admissions requirements vary greatly.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>California requires a minimum score on the entrance exam students must take before they enroll in any teacher preparation program, but it is low. The cut score on the California Basic Educational Skills Test is 123 out of a top score of 240, or 51 percent – a percentage that would be considered a failing grade in most classrooms.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The test is split into three sections, which can be retaken as many times as needed, and scores from individual sections can be cobbled together to make a passing score. “If you are an intelligent ninth-grader, you can probably complete it with very little problem,” said Kretschmer, the CSU Northridge professor.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>And while some schools have chosen to raise the cut scores or GPA required for admission, not everyone agrees that tougher admission requirements will result in a better teacher. “People say that’s a no brainer; you’re going to get better teachers if you increase the GPA,” said Spagna, a dean at CSU Northridge. “I would say that’s not a no brainer.” Spagna said some traits, such as having a cultural connection with students, may also have a positive effect on a person’s ability to be a good teacher.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>At CSU Northridge, students say the many requirements needed to graduate, and the packed programs that often require long days of student teaching followed by evening classes, have served them well.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Austin Trujillo quit his job in entertainment to enter the program and says the program takes dedication and self-discipline – and that he is more confident about his job prospects than if he had chosen a newer, alternative program. “If you’re in competition and you have a degree from Northridge’s teaching credential program versus someone with an online degree, I think they’re going to assume you have a better-hands on experience,” he said. “It will be more respectable.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Nancy Prosenjak’s class is filled with others like him, students who were attracted to the program because they said it has a strong reputation among area principals. For these future teachers, it was all the data they needed to judge whether the program was working or not.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cp>University of California President Mark Yudof said patients at the university’s medical centers will be at risk if thousands of union workers make good on their plans to strike.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_86317\" class=\"wp-caption alignleft\" style=\"max-width: 163px\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/news/2013/01/18/uc-president-mark-yudof-retires/mark-yudof-courtesy-of-uc/\" rel=\"attachment wp-att-86317\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-medium wp-image-86317 \" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2013/01/Mark-Yudof-courtesy-of-UC-199x300.jpg\" alt=\"Mark Yudof (University of California)\" width=\"163\" height=\"246\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Mark Yudof (University of California)\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Last week, unions announced that their members had overwhelmingly approved a strike. Both sides are debating a contract, including pension benefits.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>A strike could be devastating, Yudof said during a meeting of the UC Board of Regents in Sacramento on Wednesday morning. “It would endanger patient safety,” he said. “It would cost the university itself $10 million a day. And of course it would cost the employees money, those who participated.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>A strike would affect UC’s medical centers and campus clinics.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>A union rep said the current pension program enriches top executives at the expense of front-line workers. Yudof said the benefits of current employees will not be touched.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n",
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"info": "The Commonwealth Club of California is the nation's oldest and largest public affairs forum. As a non-partisan forum, The Club brings to the public airwaves diverse viewpoints on important topics. The Club's weekly radio broadcast - the oldest in the U.S., dating back to 1924 - is carried across the nation on public radio stations and is now podcasting. Our website archive features audio of our recent programs, as well as selected speeches from our long and distinguished history. This podcast feed is usually updated twice a week and is always un-edited.",
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"order": 9
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"id": "fresh-air",
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"airtime": "SUN 7:30pm-8pm",
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"tagline": "Where conversation and cultura meet",
"info": "What kind of no sabo word is Hyphenación? For us, it’s about living within a hyphenation. Like being a third-gen Mexican-American from the Texas border now living that Bay Area Chicano life. Like Xorje! Each week we bring together a couple of hyphenated Latinos to talk all about personal life choices: family, careers, relationships, belonging … everything is on the table. ",
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"order": 15
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"title": "The Political Mind of Jerry Brown",
"tagline": "Lessons from a lifetime in politics",
"info": "The Political Mind of Jerry Brown brings listeners the wisdom of the former Governor, Mayor, and presidential candidate. Scott Shafer interviewed Brown for more than 40 hours, covering the former governor's life and half-century in the political game and Brown has some lessons he'd like to share. ",
"imageSrc": "https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/04/The-Political-Mind-of-Jerry-Brown-Podcast-Tile-703x703-1.jpg",
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"order": 18
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"info": "Latino USA, the radio journal of news and culture, is the only national, English-language radio program produced from a Latino perspective.",
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"marketplace": {
"id": "marketplace",
"title": "Marketplace",
"info": "Our flagship program, helmed by Kai Ryssdal, examines what the day in money delivered, through stories, conversations, newsworthy numbers and more. Updated Monday through Friday at about 3:30 p.m. PT.",
"airtime": "MON-FRI 4pm-4:30pm, MON-WED 6:30pm-7pm",
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"source": "American Public Media"
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"masters-of-scale": {
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"title": "Masters of Scale",
"info": "Masters of Scale is an original podcast in which LinkedIn co-founder and Greylock Partner Reid Hoffman sets out to describe and prove theories that explain how great entrepreneurs take their companies from zero to a gazillion in ingenious fashion.",
"airtime": "Every other Wednesday June 12 through October 16 at 8pm (repeats Thursdays at 2am)",
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},
"mindshift": {
"id": "mindshift",
"title": "MindShift",
"tagline": "A podcast about the future of learning and how we raise our kids",
"info": "The MindShift podcast explores the innovations in education that are shaping how kids learn. Hosts Ki Sung and Katrina Schwartz introduce listeners to educators, researchers, parents and students who are developing effective ways to improve how kids learn. We cover topics like how fed-up administrators are developing surprising tactics to deal with classroom disruptions; how listening to podcasts are helping kids develop reading skills; the consequences of overparenting; and why interdisciplinary learning can engage students on all ends of the traditional achievement spectrum. This podcast is part of the MindShift education site, a division of KQED News. KQED is an NPR/PBS member station based in San Francisco. You can also visit the MindShift website for episodes and supplemental blog posts or tweet us \u003ca href=\"https://twitter.com/MindShiftKQED\">@MindShiftKQED\u003c/a> or visit us at \u003ca href=\"/mindshift\">MindShift.KQED.org\u003c/a>",
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"order": 12
},
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"google": "https://podcasts.google.com/feed/aHR0cHM6Ly9mZWVkcy5tZWdhcGhvbmUuZm0vS1FJTkM1NzY0NjAwNDI5",
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"morning-edition": {
"id": "morning-edition",
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"info": "\u003cem>Morning Edition\u003c/em> takes listeners around the country and the world with multi-faceted stories and commentaries every weekday. Hosts Steve Inskeep, David Greene and Rachel Martin bring you the latest breaking news and features to prepare you for the day.",
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"onourwatch": {
"id": "onourwatch",
"title": "On Our Watch",
"tagline": "Deeply-reported investigative journalism",
"info": "For decades, the process for how police police themselves has been inconsistent – if not opaque. In some states, like California, these proceedings were completely hidden. After a new police transparency law unsealed scores of internal affairs files, our reporters set out to examine these cases and the shadow world of police discipline. On Our Watch brings listeners into the rooms where officers are questioned and witnesses are interrogated to find out who this system is really protecting. Is it the officers, or the public they've sworn to serve?",
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"order": 11
},
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"on-the-media": {
"id": "on-the-media",
"title": "On The Media",
"info": "Our weekly podcast explores how the media 'sausage' is made, casts an incisive eye on fluctuations in the marketplace of ideas, and examines threats to the freedom of information and expression in America and abroad. For one hour a week, the show tries to lift the veil from the process of \"making media,\" especially news media, because it's through that lens that we see the world and the world sees us",
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"link": "/radio/program/on-the-media",
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},
"pbs-newshour": {
"id": "pbs-newshour",
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"info": "Analysis, background reports and updates from the PBS NewsHour putting today's news in context.",
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"imageSrc": "https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/04/PBS-News-Hour-Podcast-Tile-360x360-1.jpg",
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},
"perspectives": {
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"order": 14
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"planet-money": {
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"info": "The economy explained. Imagine you could call up a friend and say, Meet me at the bar and tell me what's going on with the economy. Now imagine that's actually a fun evening.",
"airtime": "SUN 3pm-4pm",
"imageSrc": "https://ww2.kqed.org/radio/wp-content/uploads/sites/50/2018/04/planetmoney.jpg",
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},
"link": "/radio/program/planet-money",
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"apple": "https://itunes.apple.com/us/podcast/planet-money/id290783428?mt=2",
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},
"politicalbreakdown": {
"id": "politicalbreakdown",
"title": "Political Breakdown",
"tagline": "Politics from a personal perspective",
"info": "Political Breakdown is a new series that explores the political intersection of California and the nation. Each week hosts Scott Shafer and Marisa Lagos are joined with a new special guest to unpack politics -- with personality — and offer an insider’s glimpse at how politics happens.",
"airtime": "THU 6:30pm-7pm",
"imageSrc": "https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/04/Political-Breakdown-2024-Podcast-Tile-703x703-1.jpg",
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"order": 5
},
"link": "/podcasts/politicalbreakdown",
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"possible": {
"id": "possible",
"title": "Possible",
"info": "Possible is hosted by entrepreneur Reid Hoffman and writer Aria Finger. Together in Possible, Hoffman and Finger lead enlightening discussions about building a brighter collective future. The show features interviews with visionary guests like Trevor Noah, Sam Altman and Janette Sadik-Khan. Possible paints an optimistic portrait of the world we can create through science, policy, business, art and our shared humanity. It asks: What if everything goes right for once? How can we get there? Each episode also includes a short fiction story generated by advanced AI GPT-4, serving as a thought-provoking springboard to speculate how humanity could leverage technology for good.",
"airtime": "SUN 2pm",
"imageSrc": "https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/04/Possible-Podcast-Tile-360x360-1.jpg",
"officialWebsiteLink": "https://www.possible.fm/",
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"source": "Possible"
},
"link": "/radio/program/possible",
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"spotify": "https://open.spotify.com/show/730YpdUSNlMyPQwNnyjp4k"
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},
"pri-the-world": {
"id": "pri-the-world",
"title": "PRI's The World: Latest Edition",
"info": "Each weekday, host Marco Werman and his team of producers bring you the world's most interesting stories in an hour of radio that reminds us just how small our planet really is.",
"airtime": "MON-FRI 2pm-3pm",
"imageSrc": "https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/04/The-World-Podcast-Tile-360x360-1.jpg",
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