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"content": "\u003cp>After the shellacking that California Republicans took in this year’s midterm elections, many figures within the more pragmatic wings of the party establishment had \u003ca href=\"https://calmatters.org/articles/commentary/my-turn-california-republicans-missed-the-future/\">hoped\u003c/a> that the party would turn away from the divisive politics of President Trump and seek to become a more diverse coalition.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But in the short term, the midterm election whittled away all the purple sections of the state now represented by the GOP, leaving only the scarlet-red core. With striking losses in Orange County and the Central Valley, the Republican Party’s \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/news/11704247/these-7-california-congressional-races-could-determine-which-party-controls-the-house\">diminished congressional delegation\u003c/a> will now represent a less diverse and less well-off subset of Californians and an electorate that was most enamored with the president. It will also be a much smaller portion of the state.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>This year, 26 percent of Californians are represented in Congress by a Republican. Next year, that number will fall to 13 percent.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Prior to the election, the average Californian living in a Republican-held district earned $65,634 per year. That’s slightly above the state average of $63,783. The average district was also slightly less educated than the state as whole (19 percent have bachelor’s degrees compared to 20 percent statewide) and significantly whiter (49 percent to 38 percent).\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"http://infogram.com/changing-cagop-1hnq41wxzkvd63z\">http://infogram.com/changing-cagop-1hnq41wxzkvd63z\u003c/a>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But in an \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/elections/results\">election\u003c/a> that cost them seven of their 14 seats, the GOP was driven inland, losing every seat that touches the Pacific Ocean and tossed out of its former stronghold in Orange County.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The party also lost the suburbs north of Los Angeles and — assuming Democrat T.J. Cox maintains his lead over Rep. David Valadao in Hanford — two seats in the Central Valley.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>And so come January, when only half of the Republican delegation will return to Washington, D.C., the average income of the new, diminished GOP-represented electorate will be nearly $5,000 lower. It will also be majority non-Latino white.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Only 16 percent of the population will have a college degree. And notably, every district in which less than a majority of voters supported Trump in 2016 abandoned the Republican brand this year. Only Trump country remains.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>This could make it all the more difficult for Republicans who want to rebuild the party.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>While the GOP’s broader electoral viability in California may depend on its willingness to disassociate itself from the politics of the president, the remaining Republican members of Congress — representing the most fiercely Trumpian corners of the state — may have little incentive to do that.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>\u003ca href=\"http://CALmatters.org\">CALmatters.org\u003c/a> is a nonprofit, nonpartisan media venture explaining California policies and politics.\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\n",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>After the shellacking that California Republicans took in this year’s midterm elections, many figures within the more pragmatic wings of the party establishment had \u003ca href=\"https://calmatters.org/articles/commentary/my-turn-california-republicans-missed-the-future/\">hoped\u003c/a> that the party would turn away from the divisive politics of President Trump and seek to become a more diverse coalition.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But in the short term, the midterm election whittled away all the purple sections of the state now represented by the GOP, leaving only the scarlet-red core. With striking losses in Orange County and the Central Valley, the Republican Party’s \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/news/11704247/these-7-california-congressional-races-could-determine-which-party-controls-the-house\">diminished congressional delegation\u003c/a> will now represent a less diverse and less well-off subset of Californians and an electorate that was most enamored with the president. It will also be a much smaller portion of the state.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>This year, 26 percent of Californians are represented in Congress by a Republican. Next year, that number will fall to 13 percent.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Prior to the election, the average Californian living in a Republican-held district earned $65,634 per year. That’s slightly above the state average of $63,783. The average district was also slightly less educated than the state as whole (19 percent have bachelor’s degrees compared to 20 percent statewide) and significantly whiter (49 percent to 38 percent).\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"http://infogram.com/changing-cagop-1hnq41wxzkvd63z\">http://infogram.com/changing-cagop-1hnq41wxzkvd63z\u003c/a>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But in an \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/elections/results\">election\u003c/a> that cost them seven of their 14 seats, the GOP was driven inland, losing every seat that touches the Pacific Ocean and tossed out of its former stronghold in Orange County.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The party also lost the suburbs north of Los Angeles and — assuming Democrat T.J. Cox maintains his lead over Rep. David Valadao in Hanford — two seats in the Central Valley.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>And so come January, when only half of the Republican delegation will return to Washington, D.C., the average income of the new, diminished GOP-represented electorate will be nearly $5,000 lower. It will also be majority non-Latino white.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Only 16 percent of the population will have a college degree. And notably, every district in which less than a majority of voters supported Trump in 2016 abandoned the Republican brand this year. Only Trump country remains.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>This could make it all the more difficult for Republicans who want to rebuild the party.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>While the GOP’s broader electoral viability in California may depend on its willingness to disassociate itself from the politics of the president, the remaining Republican members of Congress — representing the most fiercely Trumpian corners of the state — may have little incentive to do that.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>\u003ca href=\"http://CALmatters.org\">CALmatters.org\u003c/a> is a nonprofit, nonpartisan media venture explaining California policies and politics.\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>",
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"title": "Federal Judge Says Oakland Can Evict Residents of Female-Led Homeless Encampment",
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"content": "\u003cp>Oakland can evict the residents of a small, mostly female homeless encampment on the city’s east side, a federal judge ruled Wednesday.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Residents of the camp, located on a plot of city-owned land near the Oakland Coliseum, say it’s a “clean and sober” area created as a safe space for homeless women and families.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The city, though, insists that inhabitants broke into the fenced-off area and are illegally occupying public property for which the city is liable. The city’s first eviction attempt earlier this month was blocked when the same judge, Haywood Gilliam Jr., granted residents a temporary restraining order.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>About a dozen people, mostly women, are currently living in tents and trailers at the site on Edes Avenue, which they’ve named the \u003ca href=\"https://housingandignityvillage.org/\">Housing and Dignity Village\u003c/a>. It’s an offshoot of a larger coalition of unhoused activists and advocates known as The Village, which has\u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/news/11677080/oakland-searches-to-find-new-home-for-homeless-village\"> set up encampments across Oakland.\u003c/a> The city has shut down most of those locations.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11442422\" class=\"wp-caption alignnone\" style=\"max-width: 800px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-medium wp-image-11442422\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2017/05/IMG_1634-800x600.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"800\" height=\"600\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2017/05/IMG_1634-800x600.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2017/05/IMG_1634-160x120.jpg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2017/05/IMG_1634-1020x765.jpg 1020w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2017/05/IMG_1634-1920x1440.jpg 1920w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2017/05/IMG_1634-1180x885.jpg 1180w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2017/05/IMG_1634-960x720.jpg 960w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2017/05/IMG_1634-240x180.jpg 240w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2017/05/IMG_1634-375x281.jpg 375w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2017/05/IMG_1634-520x390.jpg 520w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2017/05/IMG_1634.jpg 2048w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">A formerly sanctioned homeless encampment at 35th and Peralta streets was cleared by the city in 2017 after a fire broke out. \u003ccite>(Devin Katayama/KQED)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Anita de Asis, who goes by the name Needa Bee, has been involved in spearheading other locations of the Village. She helped establish the female-led encampment in late October. Bee said she and her daughter have been without shelter for nine months.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“We had to go all the way to Hayward to find a shelter that would take us, and I work in Oakland, my daughter goes to school in Oakland,” she said. “That was not sustainable for our lives.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Women living on the streets face heightened risks and vulnerabilities, said Bee, who has squatted in abandoned houses and lived in a parked camper since losing her Oakland apartment last year.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp class=\"p1\">“Every night men would find out that we’d be in a camper by ourselves, and they’d try to break into the camper,” she said. “Being at this village, we’ve not been broken into. No one’s trying to rape us.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In court, the homeless group pointed to another federal case decided earlier this year — \u003ca href=\"https://www.reuters.com/article/us-idaho-homeless/prosecuting-homeless-for-sleeping-outside-may-violate-us-constitution-ruling-idUSKCN1LK26U\">Martin v. Boise\u003c/a> — in which the 9th U.S. Circuit Court of Appeals ruled it unconstitutional for cities to prosecute the homeless for sleeping outside when not enough shelter space had been provided. Doing so, the court ruled, is a violation of the Eighth Amendment, which prohibits cruel and unusual punishment.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“As long as there is no option of sleeping indoors, the government cannot criminalize indigent, homeless people for sleeping outdoors, on public property, on the false premise they had a choice in the matter,” Judge Marsha Berzon wrote for the majority.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But in court this week in Oakland, Deputy City Attorney Jamilah Jefferson told the judge that the city now has enough shelter beds for residents, and so would not be violating their rights in evicting them. Moving them to a shelter is legal, she argued, because it does not criminalize the residents.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In his ruling, Gilliam agreed with the city, writing that the Martin case “does not establish a constitutional right to occupy public property indefinitely at the Plaintiff’s option.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But Joshua Piovia-Scott, an attorney representing the homeless group, countered that there is a notable gap between stated policy and actual implementation.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“What happens in reality on the street is very different than what the city of Oakland says in its policies,” he said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“We submitted dozens of sworn declarations from people who are unhoused, who have been subject to arrest, harassment, citation, have had their belongings and their personal property destroyed, when this same type of notice to vacate has been served on them.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The homeless group also argues that the shelter beds the city is offering don’t provide any kind of a realistic solution. Occupancy time limits, and rules against staying with minors or pets, they say, are some of the restrictions that make the shelters an unrealistic option for many homeless people.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Gilliam, however, told the courtroom that his job was not to judge the city’s policies, but rather to rule on their legality. In his ruling, he said the city must find shelter beds for all 13 residents currently located at the site in order to proceed with a legal eviction.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>And, as Oakland pointed out in its case, there is no constitutional right to shelter.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The city must give residents 72 hours to remove their belongings from the encampment before being evicted.\u003c/p>\n\n",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>Oakland can evict the residents of a small, mostly female homeless encampment on the city’s east side, a federal judge ruled Wednesday.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Residents of the camp, located on a plot of city-owned land near the Oakland Coliseum, say it’s a “clean and sober” area created as a safe space for homeless women and families.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The city, though, insists that inhabitants broke into the fenced-off area and are illegally occupying public property for which the city is liable. The city’s first eviction attempt earlier this month was blocked when the same judge, Haywood Gilliam Jr., granted residents a temporary restraining order.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>About a dozen people, mostly women, are currently living in tents and trailers at the site on Edes Avenue, which they’ve named the \u003ca href=\"https://housingandignityvillage.org/\">Housing and Dignity Village\u003c/a>. It’s an offshoot of a larger coalition of unhoused activists and advocates known as The Village, which has\u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/news/11677080/oakland-searches-to-find-new-home-for-homeless-village\"> set up encampments across Oakland.\u003c/a> The city has shut down most of those locations.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11442422\" class=\"wp-caption alignnone\" style=\"max-width: 800px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-medium wp-image-11442422\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2017/05/IMG_1634-800x600.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"800\" height=\"600\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2017/05/IMG_1634-800x600.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2017/05/IMG_1634-160x120.jpg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2017/05/IMG_1634-1020x765.jpg 1020w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2017/05/IMG_1634-1920x1440.jpg 1920w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2017/05/IMG_1634-1180x885.jpg 1180w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2017/05/IMG_1634-960x720.jpg 960w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2017/05/IMG_1634-240x180.jpg 240w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2017/05/IMG_1634-375x281.jpg 375w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2017/05/IMG_1634-520x390.jpg 520w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2017/05/IMG_1634.jpg 2048w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">A formerly sanctioned homeless encampment at 35th and Peralta streets was cleared by the city in 2017 after a fire broke out. \u003ccite>(Devin Katayama/KQED)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Anita de Asis, who goes by the name Needa Bee, has been involved in spearheading other locations of the Village. She helped establish the female-led encampment in late October. Bee said she and her daughter have been without shelter for nine months.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“We had to go all the way to Hayward to find a shelter that would take us, and I work in Oakland, my daughter goes to school in Oakland,” she said. “That was not sustainable for our lives.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Women living on the streets face heightened risks and vulnerabilities, said Bee, who has squatted in abandoned houses and lived in a parked camper since losing her Oakland apartment last year.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp class=\"p1\">“Every night men would find out that we’d be in a camper by ourselves, and they’d try to break into the camper,” she said. “Being at this village, we’ve not been broken into. No one’s trying to rape us.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In court, the homeless group pointed to another federal case decided earlier this year — \u003ca href=\"https://www.reuters.com/article/us-idaho-homeless/prosecuting-homeless-for-sleeping-outside-may-violate-us-constitution-ruling-idUSKCN1LK26U\">Martin v. Boise\u003c/a> — in which the 9th U.S. Circuit Court of Appeals ruled it unconstitutional for cities to prosecute the homeless for sleeping outside when not enough shelter space had been provided. Doing so, the court ruled, is a violation of the Eighth Amendment, which prohibits cruel and unusual punishment.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“As long as there is no option of sleeping indoors, the government cannot criminalize indigent, homeless people for sleeping outdoors, on public property, on the false premise they had a choice in the matter,” Judge Marsha Berzon wrote for the majority.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But in court this week in Oakland, Deputy City Attorney Jamilah Jefferson told the judge that the city now has enough shelter beds for residents, and so would not be violating their rights in evicting them. Moving them to a shelter is legal, she argued, because it does not criminalize the residents.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In his ruling, Gilliam agreed with the city, writing that the Martin case “does not establish a constitutional right to occupy public property indefinitely at the Plaintiff’s option.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But Joshua Piovia-Scott, an attorney representing the homeless group, countered that there is a notable gap between stated policy and actual implementation.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“What happens in reality on the street is very different than what the city of Oakland says in its policies,” he said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“We submitted dozens of sworn declarations from people who are unhoused, who have been subject to arrest, harassment, citation, have had their belongings and their personal property destroyed, when this same type of notice to vacate has been served on them.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The homeless group also argues that the shelter beds the city is offering don’t provide any kind of a realistic solution. Occupancy time limits, and rules against staying with minors or pets, they say, are some of the restrictions that make the shelters an unrealistic option for many homeless people.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Gilliam, however, told the courtroom that his job was not to judge the city’s policies, but rather to rule on their legality. In his ruling, he said the city must find shelter beds for all 13 residents currently located at the site in order to proceed with a legal eviction.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>And, as Oakland pointed out in its case, there is no constitutional right to shelter.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The city must give residents 72 hours to remove their belongings from the encampment before being evicted.\u003c/p>\n\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>",
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"content": "\u003cp>There’s one thing 32-year-old Jodie Collins always keeps in the trunk of her car: a blanket. That’s because sometimes, in the middle of her marathon workdays, she needs to take a little nap so she can keep on going.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>For the last three years, Collins has commuted nearly two hours each way from Sacramento to San Francisco on weekends to work as a mobile stylist. She gets gigs doing hair and makeup for clients through apps like Glamsquad and StyleBee. Between appointments, she drives for Lyft.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"I work 18-hour days sometimes on Saturdays to make the long drive into the city worth it,\" she explains.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>This cobbling together of gig work to make a living is a reality for a growing number of people like Collins. They're super commuters, traveling more than 90 minutes for work each day.\u003c/p>\n\u003caside class=\"pullquote alignright\">'Highs are really, really high, but lows can be really low with these apps. At the end of the day, the pressure all falls on you.'\u003ccite>Jodie Collins\u003c/cite>\u003c/aside>\n\u003cp>San Francisco is an especially popular place to find these types of jobs because people who can afford to live in the city are more likely to use on-demand services. The irony is that those who perform these services often cannot afford to live in the city, so they commute from more affordable places, like Modesto, Stockton and Sacramento.\u003c/p>\n\u003ch3>The 18-Hour Workday\u003c/h3>\n\u003cp>On a typical Saturday, Collins wakes up at 4:45 a.m. She arrives in San Francisco by 8 a.m. for her first gig. The day I met with her, she was doing hair for a wedding party. Collins says she typically packs in as many clients as she can to make the trip worthwhile.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>At around 6 p.m. she stops styling hair and starts driving people around the city until midnight. Sometimes, she admits, the pay isn’t worth it. People have thrown up in her car, and sometimes she worries about her safety.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“The drunker people get, the more issues you run into,\" she says.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>After Collins finishes driving for Lyft, she either crashes in the city for the night or heads back to Sacramento. She often gets into bed around 2:30 a.m., nearly 24 hours after she first woke up.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>This isn’t the life she envisioned for herself.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“I’ve got really, really, really big dreams,” says Collins. “As an entrepreneur, I have big dreams for a business called Jodie’s Little Gems.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>From the time she was a teenager, Collins dreamt of being a stylist. But with $20,000 in cosmetology debt looming over her head, Collins is just trying to stay afloat.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Highs are really, really high, but lows can be really low with these apps,” she says. “At the end of the day the pressure all falls on you.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Collins has gotten speeding and carpool lane violation tickets, and once her car was stolen while she was doing hair for a bridal party. What’s more, some of the apps charge her if she misses an appointment.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"People like me really do need a little stability and help. Health care is expensive. Taxes are expensive,\" she says.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>A full-time job offers a stable income and insurance, but it won’t give her the flexibility she needs to take care of one of the most important people in her life, her older brother, Jeffrey.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“He’s had over 28 brain surgeries,” Collins says. “Nine hip and femur surgeries. His cerebral palsy was so bad at some point it was just curling his legs and making them go [cross-legged].”\u003c/p>\n\u003ch2>Jeffrey\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>Jeffrey, who is now 40 years old, was not supposed to survive birth. When Collins' mom was pregnant with him, she developed listeriosis, an intense bacterial infection that can cause birth defects.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11708741\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 800px\">\u003cimg class=\"size-medium wp-image-11708741\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2018/11/JodieAndJeffrey-800x525.jpg\" alt=\"Jodie commutes to San Francisco on weekends to work 18-hour-days so that she can be there to take care of her brother Jeffrey during the week. \" width=\"800\" height=\"525\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2018/11/JodieAndJeffrey-800x525.jpg 800w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2018/11/JodieAndJeffrey-160x105.jpg 160w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2018/11/JodieAndJeffrey-1020x669.jpg 1020w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2018/11/JodieAndJeffrey-1200x787.jpg 1200w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2018/11/JodieAndJeffrey.jpg 1920w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Jodie commutes to San Francisco on weekends to work 18-hour days so that she can be there to take care of her brother, Jeffrey, during the week. \u003ccite>(Sam Harnett/KQED)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>For most of his life, Jeffrey has been in and out of the ICU, which means for Collins, holding down a full-time job is nearly impossible. She says she’s lost many jobs because she had to abruptly leave work to help her brother or her mom, who recently had a double mastectomy. Her father is also struggling. He recently had quadruple bypass surgery.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"I felt a very strong obligation to him,\" says Collins, about her brother. \"It was always like he’s going to die. They prepare us for death. It made me so strong. I am not scared of much these days.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Jeffrey spends his life in a daybed. Collins helps change his diapers and move him to refresh the bedding. Jeffrey can’t say much, but he loves music. He has a radio on the table in front of him. He turns the dial in search of the songs he likes. When he finds one, he dances with his hands.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Collins sometimes wonders where her career would be if she didn’t have so much responsibility at home. She thinks she might have been a little farther along, or at least not in so much debt — in a place where she didn’t have to rely on gigs.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“I think I would have been better off in a certain sense,” Collins says. “But then again not, because I wouldn’t be the actual person with the morals and values and goals and work ethic I have.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>What Collins does wish is that she didn’t have to choose between being there for her brother and having a full-time job. As long as that’s the case, she’ll keep being an on-demand super commuter, heading to the Bay Area every weekend to make ends meet.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>There’s one thing 32-year-old Jodie Collins always keeps in the trunk of her car: a blanket. That’s because sometimes, in the middle of her marathon workdays, she needs to take a little nap so she can keep on going.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>For the last three years, Collins has commuted nearly two hours each way from Sacramento to San Francisco on weekends to work as a mobile stylist. She gets gigs doing hair and makeup for clients through apps like Glamsquad and StyleBee. Between appointments, she drives for Lyft.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"I work 18-hour days sometimes on Saturdays to make the long drive into the city worth it,\" she explains.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>This cobbling together of gig work to make a living is a reality for a growing number of people like Collins. They're super commuters, traveling more than 90 minutes for work each day.\u003c/p>\n\u003caside class=\"pullquote alignright\">'Highs are really, really high, but lows can be really low with these apps. At the end of the day, the pressure all falls on you.'\u003ccite>Jodie Collins\u003c/cite>\u003c/aside>\n\u003cp>San Francisco is an especially popular place to find these types of jobs because people who can afford to live in the city are more likely to use on-demand services. The irony is that those who perform these services often cannot afford to live in the city, so they commute from more affordable places, like Modesto, Stockton and Sacramento.\u003c/p>\n\u003ch3>The 18-Hour Workday\u003c/h3>\n\u003cp>On a typical Saturday, Collins wakes up at 4:45 a.m. She arrives in San Francisco by 8 a.m. for her first gig. The day I met with her, she was doing hair for a wedding party. Collins says she typically packs in as many clients as she can to make the trip worthwhile.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>At around 6 p.m. she stops styling hair and starts driving people around the city until midnight. Sometimes, she admits, the pay isn’t worth it. People have thrown up in her car, and sometimes she worries about her safety.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“The drunker people get, the more issues you run into,\" she says.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>After Collins finishes driving for Lyft, she either crashes in the city for the night or heads back to Sacramento. She often gets into bed around 2:30 a.m., nearly 24 hours after she first woke up.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>This isn’t the life she envisioned for herself.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“I’ve got really, really, really big dreams,” says Collins. “As an entrepreneur, I have big dreams for a business called Jodie’s Little Gems.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>From the time she was a teenager, Collins dreamt of being a stylist. But with $20,000 in cosmetology debt looming over her head, Collins is just trying to stay afloat.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Highs are really, really high, but lows can be really low with these apps,” she says. “At the end of the day the pressure all falls on you.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Collins has gotten speeding and carpool lane violation tickets, and once her car was stolen while she was doing hair for a bridal party. What’s more, some of the apps charge her if she misses an appointment.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"People like me really do need a little stability and help. Health care is expensive. Taxes are expensive,\" she says.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>A full-time job offers a stable income and insurance, but it won’t give her the flexibility she needs to take care of one of the most important people in her life, her older brother, Jeffrey.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“He’s had over 28 brain surgeries,” Collins says. “Nine hip and femur surgeries. His cerebral palsy was so bad at some point it was just curling his legs and making them go [cross-legged].”\u003c/p>\n\u003ch2>Jeffrey\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>Jeffrey, who is now 40 years old, was not supposed to survive birth. When Collins' mom was pregnant with him, she developed listeriosis, an intense bacterial infection that can cause birth defects.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11708741\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 800px\">\u003cimg class=\"size-medium wp-image-11708741\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2018/11/JodieAndJeffrey-800x525.jpg\" alt=\"Jodie commutes to San Francisco on weekends to work 18-hour-days so that she can be there to take care of her brother Jeffrey during the week. \" width=\"800\" height=\"525\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2018/11/JodieAndJeffrey-800x525.jpg 800w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2018/11/JodieAndJeffrey-160x105.jpg 160w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2018/11/JodieAndJeffrey-1020x669.jpg 1020w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2018/11/JodieAndJeffrey-1200x787.jpg 1200w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2018/11/JodieAndJeffrey.jpg 1920w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Jodie commutes to San Francisco on weekends to work 18-hour days so that she can be there to take care of her brother, Jeffrey, during the week. \u003ccite>(Sam Harnett/KQED)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>For most of his life, Jeffrey has been in and out of the ICU, which means for Collins, holding down a full-time job is nearly impossible. She says she’s lost many jobs because she had to abruptly leave work to help her brother or her mom, who recently had a double mastectomy. Her father is also struggling. He recently had quadruple bypass surgery.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"I felt a very strong obligation to him,\" says Collins, about her brother. \"It was always like he’s going to die. They prepare us for death. It made me so strong. I am not scared of much these days.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Jeffrey spends his life in a daybed. Collins helps change his diapers and move him to refresh the bedding. Jeffrey can’t say much, but he loves music. He has a radio on the table in front of him. He turns the dial in search of the songs he likes. When he finds one, he dances with his hands.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Collins sometimes wonders where her career would be if she didn’t have so much responsibility at home. She thinks she might have been a little farther along, or at least not in so much debt — in a place where she didn’t have to rely on gigs.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“I think I would have been better off in a certain sense,” Collins says. “But then again not, because I wouldn’t be the actual person with the morals and values and goals and work ethic I have.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>What Collins does wish is that she didn’t have to choose between being there for her brother and having a full-time job. As long as that’s the case, she’ll keep being an on-demand super commuter, heading to the Bay Area every weekend to make ends meet.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>",
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"disqusTitle": "Senior Homeowners at Risk for Clean Energy Loan Rip-Offs",
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"content": "\u003cp>Robert Unser is a 74-year-old cancer survivor with cognitive disabilities and a big dilemma. \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>He has four so-called Property Assessment Clean Energy loans he can’t pay back and four liens on his home.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“PACE loans are energy efficiency loans that are used to finance only energy efficiency home projects,” said San Diego Legal Aid Society lawyer Katy Box, who represents Unser.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>She said the high-interest, high-fee loans are peddled door to door and financed through a first-priority tax lien on a homeowner’s property.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“That means that the lien gets priority above any mortgage, above basically any other lien on the property,” Box said.\u003c/p>\n\u003caside class=\"alignright\">\n\u003ch3>\u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/news/11708405/pricey-real-estate-prompts-scammers-to-target-senior-homeowners\">Pricey Real Estate Prompts Scammers to Target Senior Homeowners\u003c/a>\u003c/h3>\n\u003cfigure>\u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/news/11708405/pricey-real-estate-prompts-scammers-to-target-senior-homeowners\">\u003cimg src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2018/11/Homes-1038x576.jpg\" alt=\"\">\u003c/a>\u003c/figure>\n\u003c/aside>\n\u003cp>Homeowners across the state have complained to prosecutors and groups like the San Diego Legal Aid Society about some PACE lenders. Thousands of PACE borrowers have said they didn’t understand the terms and are now saddled with loans they can’t afford to pay back.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>California Attorney General Xavier Becerra said the elderly are easy targets for unscrupulous lending.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“They’re essentially sitting on a gold mine,” Becerra said. “Chances are they probably paid off most of the mortgage, and so they have a great amount of equity in that home.” \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>San Diego County prosecutor Valerie Tanney said repayment of PACE loans through property taxes backed by liens puts the elderly especially at risk.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“With seniors to the extent they have less capacity to understand what this will cost them, then they’re in a danger of losing their homes,” she said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In the case of Unser, it’s both.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Unser has almost lost his home once. He lives on $11,000 in annual Social Security income. But because of the PACE loans, he’s seen his yearly property taxes jump from $300 to $17,000.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Unser appeared uncertain about how he ended up with four PACE loans.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11708427\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 800px\">\u003cimg src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2018/11/Unser-house-800x600.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"800\" height=\"600\" class=\"size-medium wp-image-11708427\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Robert Unser’s San Diego home, Sept. 27, 2018. \u003ccite>(Amita Sharma/KPBS)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>“I don’t know where it came from,” he said haltingly. “There was one bank that wanted me to take out a loan. I said, `Give me a few days.’ He wanted me to sign the thing uh, uh, I forget.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Lawyer Katy Box has filed a lawsuit on behalf of Unser against PACE loan providers Renovate America and Renew Financial, alleging fraud and breach of contract. The complaint is one of several that have been filed against the two loan providers, including class actions on behalf of Los Angeles County homeowners.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Colin Bishopp, Renew Financial vice president of corporate communications, said in a written statement, “Over the past decade, we've helped more than 90,000 homeowners to make critical home upgrades that enable their families to live more efficiently, comfortably and securely.” \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Customer complaints represent a small fraction of the many thousands of homeowners who choose our home improvement financing. When we receive a complaint, we do our best to resolve the matter as quickly as possible. We are dedicated to serving our customers and proud of our track record.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Renovate America also released the following statement: “PACE financing has always been subject to underwriting criteria established by the state of California, and we have consistently complied with those standards. In fact, Renovate America led efforts to pass new laws that strengthened PACE financing by requiring income verification as part of the approval process.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Representatives from both institutions declined to comment specifically on the Unser case because it’s in litigation, although Renovate America called Unser’s lawsuit meritless.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Box disagreed.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“It’s very apparent from speaking with him that he doesn’t understand these loans,” she said. “He doesn’t understand the contracts he entered into. He doesn’t understand who he owes money to. He doesn’t know why he owes the money.” \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>And Box said Unser did not need the renovations to his home that the PACE loans were meant to cover.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“He had kitchen remodeling done, and he doesn’t even cook,” she said. “He gets Meals on Wheels. He got solar panels. He lives in his living room, his bed and his chair and his TV are in his living room so I can’t imagine he uses that much power to have a need for solar panels.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Box said Unser is the one who brought the PACE loan contractors into his world.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“He is lonely and everyone that knocks on his door, he invites in,” she said. “And they talked him into, `Hey, you need these windows replaced. You need your kitchen remodeled.’ ”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Box said Unser’s PACE loans were finalized with electronic signatures on documents sent to non-existent email accounts. Unser doesn’t have an email address, an internet connection or a cellphone. \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“They literally made up a fake email address for him,” she claimed in a lawsuit against Renew Financial and Renovate America.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Laws took effect this year requiring more state oversight of PACE providers. They will have to consider a person’s ability to repay before approving the loans. \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But it’s too late to help Unser, who is angry and stressed as his lawsuit plays out.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“This thing has taken a very bad toll on me,” he said. “They’re not helping me. They’re hurting me. They might as well just bury me and be done with it.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>\u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/news/series/californiadream/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">The California Dream series\u003c/a> is a statewide media collaboration of CALmatters, KPBS, KPCC, KQED and Capital Public Radio with support from the Corporation for Public Broadcasting, the James Irvine Foundation and the College Futures Foundation.\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cimg class=\"aligncenter size-full wp-image-11660142\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2018/04/CADreamBanner.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"1867\" height=\"512\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2018/04/CADreamBanner.jpg 1867w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2018/04/CADreamBanner-160x44.jpg 160w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2018/04/CADreamBanner-800x219.jpg 800w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2018/04/CADreamBanner-1020x280.jpg 1020w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2018/04/CADreamBanner-1180x324.jpg 1180w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2018/04/CADreamBanner-960x263.jpg 960w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2018/04/CADreamBanner-240x66.jpg 240w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2018/04/CADreamBanner-375x103.jpg 375w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2018/04/CADreamBanner-520x143.jpg 520w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 1867px) 100vw, 1867px\">\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>Robert Unser is a 74-year-old cancer survivor with cognitive disabilities and a big dilemma. \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>He has four so-called Property Assessment Clean Energy loans he can’t pay back and four liens on his home.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“PACE loans are energy efficiency loans that are used to finance only energy efficiency home projects,” said San Diego Legal Aid Society lawyer Katy Box, who represents Unser.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>She said the high-interest, high-fee loans are peddled door to door and financed through a first-priority tax lien on a homeowner’s property.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“That means that the lien gets priority above any mortgage, above basically any other lien on the property,” Box said.\u003c/p>\n\u003caside class=\"alignright\">\n\u003ch3>\u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/news/11708405/pricey-real-estate-prompts-scammers-to-target-senior-homeowners\">Pricey Real Estate Prompts Scammers to Target Senior Homeowners\u003c/a>\u003c/h3>\n\u003cfigure>\u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/news/11708405/pricey-real-estate-prompts-scammers-to-target-senior-homeowners\">\u003cimg src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2018/11/Homes-1038x576.jpg\" alt=\"\">\u003c/a>\u003c/figure>\n\u003c/aside>\n\u003cp>Homeowners across the state have complained to prosecutors and groups like the San Diego Legal Aid Society about some PACE lenders. Thousands of PACE borrowers have said they didn’t understand the terms and are now saddled with loans they can’t afford to pay back.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>California Attorney General Xavier Becerra said the elderly are easy targets for unscrupulous lending.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“They’re essentially sitting on a gold mine,” Becerra said. “Chances are they probably paid off most of the mortgage, and so they have a great amount of equity in that home.” \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>San Diego County prosecutor Valerie Tanney said repayment of PACE loans through property taxes backed by liens puts the elderly especially at risk.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“With seniors to the extent they have less capacity to understand what this will cost them, then they’re in a danger of losing their homes,” she said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In the case of Unser, it’s both.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Unser has almost lost his home once. He lives on $11,000 in annual Social Security income. But because of the PACE loans, he’s seen his yearly property taxes jump from $300 to $17,000.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Unser appeared uncertain about how he ended up with four PACE loans.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11708427\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 800px\">\u003cimg src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2018/11/Unser-house-800x600.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"800\" height=\"600\" class=\"size-medium wp-image-11708427\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Robert Unser’s San Diego home, Sept. 27, 2018. \u003ccite>(Amita Sharma/KPBS)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>“I don’t know where it came from,” he said haltingly. “There was one bank that wanted me to take out a loan. I said, `Give me a few days.’ He wanted me to sign the thing uh, uh, I forget.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Lawyer Katy Box has filed a lawsuit on behalf of Unser against PACE loan providers Renovate America and Renew Financial, alleging fraud and breach of contract. The complaint is one of several that have been filed against the two loan providers, including class actions on behalf of Los Angeles County homeowners.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Colin Bishopp, Renew Financial vice president of corporate communications, said in a written statement, “Over the past decade, we've helped more than 90,000 homeowners to make critical home upgrades that enable their families to live more efficiently, comfortably and securely.” \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Customer complaints represent a small fraction of the many thousands of homeowners who choose our home improvement financing. When we receive a complaint, we do our best to resolve the matter as quickly as possible. We are dedicated to serving our customers and proud of our track record.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Renovate America also released the following statement: “PACE financing has always been subject to underwriting criteria established by the state of California, and we have consistently complied with those standards. In fact, Renovate America led efforts to pass new laws that strengthened PACE financing by requiring income verification as part of the approval process.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Representatives from both institutions declined to comment specifically on the Unser case because it’s in litigation, although Renovate America called Unser’s lawsuit meritless.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Box disagreed.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“It’s very apparent from speaking with him that he doesn’t understand these loans,” she said. “He doesn’t understand the contracts he entered into. He doesn’t understand who he owes money to. He doesn’t know why he owes the money.” \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>And Box said Unser did not need the renovations to his home that the PACE loans were meant to cover.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“He had kitchen remodeling done, and he doesn’t even cook,” she said. “He gets Meals on Wheels. He got solar panels. He lives in his living room, his bed and his chair and his TV are in his living room so I can’t imagine he uses that much power to have a need for solar panels.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Box said Unser is the one who brought the PACE loan contractors into his world.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“He is lonely and everyone that knocks on his door, he invites in,” she said. “And they talked him into, `Hey, you need these windows replaced. You need your kitchen remodeled.’ ”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Box said Unser’s PACE loans were finalized with electronic signatures on documents sent to non-existent email accounts. Unser doesn’t have an email address, an internet connection or a cellphone. \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“They literally made up a fake email address for him,” she claimed in a lawsuit against Renew Financial and Renovate America.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Laws took effect this year requiring more state oversight of PACE providers. They will have to consider a person’s ability to repay before approving the loans. \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But it’s too late to help Unser, who is angry and stressed as his lawsuit plays out.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“This thing has taken a very bad toll on me,” he said. “They’re not helping me. They’re hurting me. They might as well just bury me and be done with it.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>\u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/news/series/californiadream/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">The California Dream series\u003c/a> is a statewide media collaboration of CALmatters, KPBS, KPCC, KQED and Capital Public Radio with support from the Corporation for Public Broadcasting, the James Irvine Foundation and the College Futures Foundation.\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cimg class=\"aligncenter size-full wp-image-11660142\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2018/04/CADreamBanner.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"1867\" height=\"512\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2018/04/CADreamBanner.jpg 1867w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2018/04/CADreamBanner-160x44.jpg 160w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2018/04/CADreamBanner-800x219.jpg 800w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2018/04/CADreamBanner-1020x280.jpg 1020w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2018/04/CADreamBanner-1180x324.jpg 1180w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2018/04/CADreamBanner-960x263.jpg 960w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2018/04/CADreamBanner-240x66.jpg 240w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2018/04/CADreamBanner-375x103.jpg 375w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2018/04/CADreamBanner-520x143.jpg 520w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 1867px) 100vw, 1867px\">\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"headTitle": "The California Report | KQED News",
"content": "\u003cp>By the time someone clicks \"buy\" on Amazon, Jenny Freshwater's team has probably expected it.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Freshwater is a software director in Amazon's Supply Chain Optimization Technologies group. Her team forecasts demand for everything sold by Amazon worldwide.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>This task, into which NPR got exclusive insight, underlies the entire Amazon retail operation. And it's central to Amazon's wooing of some 100 million people who shell out up to $119 a year for a Prime subscription, which guarantees two-day shipping.\u003c/p>\n\u003caside class=\"alignright\">\n\u003cul>\n\u003cli>\u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/news/11491029/warehouses-promise-jobs-but-what-happens-when-the-robots-come\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Warehouses Promise Jobs, But What Happens When the Robots Come?\u003c/a>\u003c/li>\n\u003c/ul>\n\u003c/aside>\n\u003cp>Inside Amazon, corporate executives like to evoke magic when they talk about fast delivery. For months, they used the code name Houdini before launching their fastest service, Prime Now, which delivers household basics within hours.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But a lot of it is thanks to artificial intelligence. With AI, computers analyze reams of data, making decisions and performing tasks that typically require human intelligence. AI is key to Amazon's retail forecasting on steroids and its push to shave off minutes and seconds in the rush to prepare, pack and deliver.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"It goes beyond just being able to forecast we need 100 blouses,\" Freshwater says. \"We need to be able to determine how many do we expect our customers to buy across the sizes, and the colors. And then ... where do we actually put the product so that our customers can get it when they click 'buy.' \"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>That's a key element to how Amazon speeds up deliveries: The team predicts exactly where those blouses should be stocked so that they are as close as possible to the people who will buy them.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>(Note: Amazon is one of NPR's financial supporters.)\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>This process is even more essential now that the race is on for same-day and even same-hour delivery. Few other retailers have ventured into these speeds, because they're very expensive. And few rely quite so much on AI to control costs while expanding.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11707806\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 1920px\">\u003ca href=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2018/11/dsc1608_slide-fb3115386dffa8ab64c702cdf22e6175d9b6ab74.jpg\">\u003cimg class=\"wp-image-11707806\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2018/11/dsc1608_slide-fb3115386dffa8ab64c702cdf22e6175d9b6ab74.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"1920\" height=\"1279\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2018/11/dsc1608_slide-fb3115386dffa8ab64c702cdf22e6175d9b6ab74.jpg 2997w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2018/11/dsc1608_slide-fb3115386dffa8ab64c702cdf22e6175d9b6ab74-160x107.jpg 160w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2018/11/dsc1608_slide-fb3115386dffa8ab64c702cdf22e6175d9b6ab74-800x533.jpg 800w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2018/11/dsc1608_slide-fb3115386dffa8ab64c702cdf22e6175d9b6ab74-1020x679.jpg 1020w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2018/11/dsc1608_slide-fb3115386dffa8ab64c702cdf22e6175d9b6ab74-1200x799.jpg 1200w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2018/11/dsc1608_slide-fb3115386dffa8ab64c702cdf22e6175d9b6ab74-1920x1279.jpg 1920w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 1920px) 100vw, 1920px\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Amazon boxes are scanned on conveyor belts. AI systems keep track of all items in the warehouses, which can be as vast as 1 million square feet. \u003ccite>(Claire Harbage/NPR)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Both AI and forecasting are not unique to Amazon. All retail stores work hard to prepare, for example, for seasonal or weather-related demand. And all major retail companies have their own algorithms, automated warehouses and delivery tricks.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But it was Amazon Prime that got Americans hooked on two-day shipping, which shoppers now take for granted. Walmart, Target and many others now offer two-day deliveries even without membership fees.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>While all large online retailers rely on AI, \"Amazon definitely has the most powerful tools for all the little computational processes involved in moving the packages through many suppliers, routes of transit and all the steps that a package goes through,\" says Mike Liebhold, a senior tech researcher at the Institute for the Future.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Indeed, AI is woven through every part of an Amazon purchase, from the website to the warehouses to the actual delivery to your doorstep. In corporate lingo, Amazon calls that the \"first mile,\" \"middle mile\" and \"last mile.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Forecasting for the \"first mile\"\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In 2013, Amazon got \u003ca href=\"http://pdfpiw.uspto.gov/.piw?Docid=08615473&homeurl=http%3A%2F%2Fpatft.uspto.gov%2Fnetacgi%2Fnph-Parser%3FSect1%3DPTO2%2526Sect2%3DHITOFF%2526p%3D1%2526u%3D%25252Fnetahtml%25252FPTO%25252Fsearch-bool.html\">a patent\u003c/a> for so-called anticipatory shipping. The idea was to get your order as close as possible to your address before you actually click buy.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Since then, Amazon has built a massive warehousing footprint around the country. And it's been adding smaller warehouses closer to city centers where Prime Now promotes super-fast delivery options. It's also using Whole Foods locations for faster access to groceries and basic pickups.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Amazon regularly tests what new products people might want with extra-fast shipping, says Cem Sibay, who runs Amazon Prime in North America. \"If you see customers consistently trying to select for same-day delivery, then the next step is obviously that some customers maybe actually even need this faster,\" he says.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11707809\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 1920px\">\u003ca href=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2018/11/dsc1693_slide-c6d2a7481f7d901b98fce3dbfd55fa08903739bf.jpg\">\u003cimg class=\"wp-image-11707809\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2018/11/dsc1693_slide-c6d2a7481f7d901b98fce3dbfd55fa08903739bf.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"1920\" height=\"1279\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2018/11/dsc1693_slide-c6d2a7481f7d901b98fce3dbfd55fa08903739bf.jpg 3000w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2018/11/dsc1693_slide-c6d2a7481f7d901b98fce3dbfd55fa08903739bf-160x107.jpg 160w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2018/11/dsc1693_slide-c6d2a7481f7d901b98fce3dbfd55fa08903739bf-800x533.jpg 800w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2018/11/dsc1693_slide-c6d2a7481f7d901b98fce3dbfd55fa08903739bf-1020x680.jpg 1020w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2018/11/dsc1693_slide-c6d2a7481f7d901b98fce3dbfd55fa08903739bf-1200x800.jpg 1200w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2018/11/dsc1693_slide-c6d2a7481f7d901b98fce3dbfd55fa08903739bf-1920x1279.jpg 1920w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 1920px) 100vw, 1920px\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">An employee works on an order in Amazon's fulfillment center in Baltimore. Amazon's forecasting team works on anticipating demand for everything sold by the company worldwide. \u003ccite>(Claire Harbage/NPR)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Amazon decides what to stock by looking at every detail of each product. It takes a shirt and analyzes the color, length, silhouette, sleeve length and histories of purchases for similar clothing items. Freshwater, of Amazon's forecasting team, says her group does not have access to personally identifiable information on specific shoppers. But her team looks at past demand and online-shopping habits in aggregate to write algorithms and statistical models that teach the AI.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Some of Amazon's predictions are not surprising. \"You don't sell very much Chicago Cubs gear in Hawaii,\" Freshwater says.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Others are less obvious. For example, AI has learned that not all new products mean the same type of forecast.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Take tax software. Everyone wants the \u003cem>latest \u003c/em>version. But the release of a new DSLR camera? That actually triggers huge demand for the \u003cem>older \u003c/em>versions, which are cheaper.\u003c/p>\n\u003caside class=\"alignright\">\n\u003cul>\n\u003cli>\u003ca href=\"https://www.npr.org/2018/11/13/665646050/amazons-grand-search-for-2nd-headquarters-ends-with-split-nyc-and-d-c-suburb\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Amazon's Grand Search For 2nd Headquarters Ends With Split: NYC And D.C. Suburb\u003c/a>\u003c/li>\n\u003c/ul>\n\u003c/aside>\n\u003cp>AI has also determined that online shoppers often abandon their online grocery cart entirely if bananas are sold out — and that bananas are most in demand on Mondays.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Or consider sunscreen. It's obviously in demand in the summer, but Amazon's AI models have also detected mini-surges around winter holidays and spring breaks — when people go on trips to warm sunny places.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Whether you search on Amazon.com or shop using Alexa on the Echo device, AI determines what results or recommendations you see and tells you how fast you might get each item.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>The \"middle mile\"\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Inside Amazon's warehouses, AI powers the Kiva robots, which look like large Roombas carrying bright yellow shelves.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11707810\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 1920px\">\u003ca href=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2018/11/gettyimages-461841920_custom-78867aba5302b2285e4e991e3bf210607678b3e1.jpg\">\u003cimg class=\"wp-image-11707810\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2018/11/gettyimages-461841920_custom-78867aba5302b2285e4e991e3bf210607678b3e1.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"1920\" height=\"1268\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2018/11/gettyimages-461841920_custom-78867aba5302b2285e4e991e3bf210607678b3e1.jpg 3000w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2018/11/gettyimages-461841920_custom-78867aba5302b2285e4e991e3bf210607678b3e1-160x106.jpg 160w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2018/11/gettyimages-461841920_custom-78867aba5302b2285e4e991e3bf210607678b3e1-800x529.jpg 800w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2018/11/gettyimages-461841920_custom-78867aba5302b2285e4e991e3bf210607678b3e1-1020x674.jpg 1020w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2018/11/gettyimages-461841920_custom-78867aba5302b2285e4e991e3bf210607678b3e1-1200x793.jpg 1200w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2018/11/gettyimages-461841920_custom-78867aba5302b2285e4e991e3bf210607678b3e1-1920x1268.jpg 1920w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 1920px) 100vw, 1920px\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Kiva robots move racks of merchandise at an Amazon fulfillment center in Tracy, California, in 2015. The machines bring the shelves to workers. \u003ccite>(Justin Sullivan/Getty Images)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>In traditional warehouses, it's the people who walk to the shelves. But in most Amazon warehouses, the robots bring the shelves to people.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The machines know what to bring and when to get orders packed so they are in time for delivery. AI systems keep track of all items in the warehouses, which can be as vast as 1 million square feet. AI constantly arranges and reshuffles the shelves so that things you're about to buy are ready to go.\u003c/p>\n\u003caside class=\"alignright\">\n\u003cul>\n\u003cli>\u003ca href=\"https://www.npr.org/2018/11/13/666274605/how-big-is-amazon\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">How Big Is Amazon? Its Many Businesses In One Chart\u003c/a>\u003c/li>\n\u003c/ul>\n\u003c/aside>\n\u003cp>Amazon is now rolling out new efficiency-boosting technology that eliminates the need for handheld scanners, says Brad Porter, head of robotics for Amazon Operations. The new system retrofits workers' stations with advanced cameras that can automatically scan items that workers hold in their hands. AI is learning to discern and interpret people's hand movements to recognize when a person places an item inside a shelf slot.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>This kind of innovation is a controversial topic in retail, where layoffs are rampant, just as automation is reshaping the workforce. Economic research \u003ca href=\"https://www.technologyreview.com/s/610005/every-study-we-could-find-on-what-automation-will-do-to-jobs-in-one-chart/\">is divided\u003c/a> on how much exactly AI will eliminate or create jobs, especially for lower-income Americans.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>For example, Amazon has been hiring people by the hundreds of thousands for its highly automated warehouses. Its workforce has ballooned to\u003ca href=\"https://ir.aboutamazon.com/static-files/28f23db2-79d5-4aa0-9acc-ef6413e1bafe\"> 613,300\u003c/a> in a matter of a few years. Warehousing overall has been one of the fastest-growing industries, even though a lot of that work is part-time or temporary.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>At the same time, Amazon has launched \u003ca href=\"https://www.npr.org/sections/thetwo-way/2018/01/22/579640565/amazons-cashier-less-seattle-grocery-opens-to-the-public\">AI-powered stores\u003c/a> that eliminate the need for a cashier, stoking fears about the future of jobs like these industrywide. Plus, as Porter will point out, scientists have long been working on robots that can imitate human hands with their grip. For work like packing in warehouses, an agile robotic hand could erase one key edge that human workers now have over machines.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>To Porter, modern automation is simply in the latest chapter of industrial progress.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"Industrial automation and robotics are here. They've been here for a long time,\" Porter says. \"I think what's novel or hard in the logistics space and for Amazon is just the diversity and selection of inventory that we have and the scale at which we're doing it. And so yeah, I think we'll continue to see technology innovation in all these spaces.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>The \"last mile\"\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>One area where AI has created a new type of job is in deliveries.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11707811\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 1920px\">\u003ca href=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2018/11/dsc1746_slide-a2005f33ac974ca9ec779bc411f1fda21369ac24.jpg\">\u003cimg class=\"wp-image-11707811\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2018/11/dsc1746_slide-a2005f33ac974ca9ec779bc411f1fda21369ac24.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"1920\" height=\"1279\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2018/11/dsc1746_slide-a2005f33ac974ca9ec779bc411f1fda21369ac24.jpg 2997w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2018/11/dsc1746_slide-a2005f33ac974ca9ec779bc411f1fda21369ac24-160x107.jpg 160w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2018/11/dsc1746_slide-a2005f33ac974ca9ec779bc411f1fda21369ac24-800x533.jpg 800w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2018/11/dsc1746_slide-a2005f33ac974ca9ec779bc411f1fda21369ac24-1020x679.jpg 1020w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2018/11/dsc1746_slide-a2005f33ac974ca9ec779bc411f1fda21369ac24-1200x799.jpg 1200w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2018/11/dsc1746_slide-a2005f33ac974ca9ec779bc411f1fda21369ac24-1920x1279.jpg 1920w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 1920px) 100vw, 1920px\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">The exterior of a fulfillment center in Baltimore. \u003ccite>(Claire Harbage/NPR)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Amazon has many logistics contracts for deliveries, with the United States Postal Service, FedEx, UPS and other smaller companies. But it also took a page from Uber and began hiring drivers for side gigs to make superfast deliveries in busy cities, paying between $18 and $25 an hour.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The app is officially called \"Flex,\" but its original name is \"Rabbit\" — \"along the magic theme,\" says Beryl Tomay, director of Amazon's Last Mile Delivery Technology.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The process relies on AI to constantly calculate how many drivers are needed at any given time. The app considers the weight and number of packages headed to the same neighborhoods and whether packages can fit in one of the available cars. The app even recommends the order of packing boxes into a car for the most efficient delivery.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>One big challenge for Flex drivers is parking. Amazon's app does not guide where to leave cars while dropping off a package. However, Amazon does factor how long it took other drivers to deliver to an address in its estimates. AI's timing estimates also consider traffic and types of building.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"A single-family home is fairly straightforward, whereas if it's a commercial building or an apartment complex, that gets a little bit more difficult,\" Tomay says. \"It's not always obvious where the unit is, or are we taking it to a mailroom or receptionist?\"\u003c/p>\n\u003caside class=\"alignright\">\n\u003cul>\n\u003cli>\u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/news/11672953/what-americans-told-us-about-online-shopping-says-a-lot-about-amazon\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">What Americans Told Us About Online Shopping Says A Lot About Amazon\u003cbr>\n\u003c/a>\u003c/li>\n\u003c/ul>\n\u003c/aside>\n\u003cp>As Sibay describes it, when a delivery is a one-hour race, every minute counts. So delays and missed deadlines get a thorough analysis.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"Were we not able to pick it in time from our warehouse shelves? Did we not have the right number of drivers?\" says Sibay. Or maybe \"the driver forgets his key at reception and has to walk a little longer. The driver's delivering a package and it's an elderly lady and they, you know, talk a little bit before he moves on to his next order.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad floatright]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>It's hard for AI to predict all these scenarios, Sibay says. But next time, maybe the address with the Chatty Cathy will get a few more minutes baked into the algorithm.\u003c/p>\n\u003cdiv class=\"fullattribution\">\u003cem>Copyright 2018 \u003ca href=\"http://www.npr.org/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">NPR\u003c/a>. \u003c/em>\u003c/div>\n\n",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>By the time someone clicks \"buy\" on Amazon, Jenny Freshwater's team has probably expected it.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Freshwater is a software director in Amazon's Supply Chain Optimization Technologies group. Her team forecasts demand for everything sold by Amazon worldwide.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>This task, into which NPR got exclusive insight, underlies the entire Amazon retail operation. And it's central to Amazon's wooing of some 100 million people who shell out up to $119 a year for a Prime subscription, which guarantees two-day shipping.\u003c/p>\n\u003caside class=\"alignright\">\n\u003cul>\n\u003cli>\u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/news/11491029/warehouses-promise-jobs-but-what-happens-when-the-robots-come\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Warehouses Promise Jobs, But What Happens When the Robots Come?\u003c/a>\u003c/li>\n\u003c/ul>\n\u003c/aside>\n\u003cp>Inside Amazon, corporate executives like to evoke magic when they talk about fast delivery. For months, they used the code name Houdini before launching their fastest service, Prime Now, which delivers household basics within hours.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But a lot of it is thanks to artificial intelligence. With AI, computers analyze reams of data, making decisions and performing tasks that typically require human intelligence. AI is key to Amazon's retail forecasting on steroids and its push to shave off minutes and seconds in the rush to prepare, pack and deliver.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"It goes beyond just being able to forecast we need 100 blouses,\" Freshwater says. \"We need to be able to determine how many do we expect our customers to buy across the sizes, and the colors. And then ... where do we actually put the product so that our customers can get it when they click 'buy.' \"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>That's a key element to how Amazon speeds up deliveries: The team predicts exactly where those blouses should be stocked so that they are as close as possible to the people who will buy them.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>(Note: Amazon is one of NPR's financial supporters.)\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>This process is even more essential now that the race is on for same-day and even same-hour delivery. Few other retailers have ventured into these speeds, because they're very expensive. And few rely quite so much on AI to control costs while expanding.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11707806\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 1920px\">\u003ca href=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2018/11/dsc1608_slide-fb3115386dffa8ab64c702cdf22e6175d9b6ab74.jpg\">\u003cimg class=\"wp-image-11707806\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2018/11/dsc1608_slide-fb3115386dffa8ab64c702cdf22e6175d9b6ab74.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"1920\" height=\"1279\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2018/11/dsc1608_slide-fb3115386dffa8ab64c702cdf22e6175d9b6ab74.jpg 2997w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2018/11/dsc1608_slide-fb3115386dffa8ab64c702cdf22e6175d9b6ab74-160x107.jpg 160w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2018/11/dsc1608_slide-fb3115386dffa8ab64c702cdf22e6175d9b6ab74-800x533.jpg 800w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2018/11/dsc1608_slide-fb3115386dffa8ab64c702cdf22e6175d9b6ab74-1020x679.jpg 1020w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2018/11/dsc1608_slide-fb3115386dffa8ab64c702cdf22e6175d9b6ab74-1200x799.jpg 1200w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2018/11/dsc1608_slide-fb3115386dffa8ab64c702cdf22e6175d9b6ab74-1920x1279.jpg 1920w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 1920px) 100vw, 1920px\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Amazon boxes are scanned on conveyor belts. AI systems keep track of all items in the warehouses, which can be as vast as 1 million square feet. \u003ccite>(Claire Harbage/NPR)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Both AI and forecasting are not unique to Amazon. All retail stores work hard to prepare, for example, for seasonal or weather-related demand. And all major retail companies have their own algorithms, automated warehouses and delivery tricks.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But it was Amazon Prime that got Americans hooked on two-day shipping, which shoppers now take for granted. Walmart, Target and many others now offer two-day deliveries even without membership fees.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>While all large online retailers rely on AI, \"Amazon definitely has the most powerful tools for all the little computational processes involved in moving the packages through many suppliers, routes of transit and all the steps that a package goes through,\" says Mike Liebhold, a senior tech researcher at the Institute for the Future.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Indeed, AI is woven through every part of an Amazon purchase, from the website to the warehouses to the actual delivery to your doorstep. In corporate lingo, Amazon calls that the \"first mile,\" \"middle mile\" and \"last mile.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Forecasting for the \"first mile\"\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In 2013, Amazon got \u003ca href=\"http://pdfpiw.uspto.gov/.piw?Docid=08615473&homeurl=http%3A%2F%2Fpatft.uspto.gov%2Fnetacgi%2Fnph-Parser%3FSect1%3DPTO2%2526Sect2%3DHITOFF%2526p%3D1%2526u%3D%25252Fnetahtml%25252FPTO%25252Fsearch-bool.html\">a patent\u003c/a> for so-called anticipatory shipping. The idea was to get your order as close as possible to your address before you actually click buy.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Since then, Amazon has built a massive warehousing footprint around the country. And it's been adding smaller warehouses closer to city centers where Prime Now promotes super-fast delivery options. It's also using Whole Foods locations for faster access to groceries and basic pickups.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Amazon regularly tests what new products people might want with extra-fast shipping, says Cem Sibay, who runs Amazon Prime in North America. \"If you see customers consistently trying to select for same-day delivery, then the next step is obviously that some customers maybe actually even need this faster,\" he says.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11707809\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 1920px\">\u003ca href=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2018/11/dsc1693_slide-c6d2a7481f7d901b98fce3dbfd55fa08903739bf.jpg\">\u003cimg class=\"wp-image-11707809\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2018/11/dsc1693_slide-c6d2a7481f7d901b98fce3dbfd55fa08903739bf.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"1920\" height=\"1279\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2018/11/dsc1693_slide-c6d2a7481f7d901b98fce3dbfd55fa08903739bf.jpg 3000w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2018/11/dsc1693_slide-c6d2a7481f7d901b98fce3dbfd55fa08903739bf-160x107.jpg 160w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2018/11/dsc1693_slide-c6d2a7481f7d901b98fce3dbfd55fa08903739bf-800x533.jpg 800w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2018/11/dsc1693_slide-c6d2a7481f7d901b98fce3dbfd55fa08903739bf-1020x680.jpg 1020w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2018/11/dsc1693_slide-c6d2a7481f7d901b98fce3dbfd55fa08903739bf-1200x800.jpg 1200w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2018/11/dsc1693_slide-c6d2a7481f7d901b98fce3dbfd55fa08903739bf-1920x1279.jpg 1920w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 1920px) 100vw, 1920px\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">An employee works on an order in Amazon's fulfillment center in Baltimore. Amazon's forecasting team works on anticipating demand for everything sold by the company worldwide. \u003ccite>(Claire Harbage/NPR)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Amazon decides what to stock by looking at every detail of each product. It takes a shirt and analyzes the color, length, silhouette, sleeve length and histories of purchases for similar clothing items. Freshwater, of Amazon's forecasting team, says her group does not have access to personally identifiable information on specific shoppers. But her team looks at past demand and online-shopping habits in aggregate to write algorithms and statistical models that teach the AI.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Some of Amazon's predictions are not surprising. \"You don't sell very much Chicago Cubs gear in Hawaii,\" Freshwater says.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Others are less obvious. For example, AI has learned that not all new products mean the same type of forecast.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Take tax software. Everyone wants the \u003cem>latest \u003c/em>version. But the release of a new DSLR camera? That actually triggers huge demand for the \u003cem>older \u003c/em>versions, which are cheaper.\u003c/p>\n\u003caside class=\"alignright\">\n\u003cul>\n\u003cli>\u003ca href=\"https://www.npr.org/2018/11/13/665646050/amazons-grand-search-for-2nd-headquarters-ends-with-split-nyc-and-d-c-suburb\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Amazon's Grand Search For 2nd Headquarters Ends With Split: NYC And D.C. Suburb\u003c/a>\u003c/li>\n\u003c/ul>\n\u003c/aside>\n\u003cp>AI has also determined that online shoppers often abandon their online grocery cart entirely if bananas are sold out — and that bananas are most in demand on Mondays.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Or consider sunscreen. It's obviously in demand in the summer, but Amazon's AI models have also detected mini-surges around winter holidays and spring breaks — when people go on trips to warm sunny places.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Whether you search on Amazon.com or shop using Alexa on the Echo device, AI determines what results or recommendations you see and tells you how fast you might get each item.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>The \"middle mile\"\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Inside Amazon's warehouses, AI powers the Kiva robots, which look like large Roombas carrying bright yellow shelves.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11707810\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 1920px\">\u003ca href=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2018/11/gettyimages-461841920_custom-78867aba5302b2285e4e991e3bf210607678b3e1.jpg\">\u003cimg class=\"wp-image-11707810\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2018/11/gettyimages-461841920_custom-78867aba5302b2285e4e991e3bf210607678b3e1.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"1920\" height=\"1268\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2018/11/gettyimages-461841920_custom-78867aba5302b2285e4e991e3bf210607678b3e1.jpg 3000w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2018/11/gettyimages-461841920_custom-78867aba5302b2285e4e991e3bf210607678b3e1-160x106.jpg 160w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2018/11/gettyimages-461841920_custom-78867aba5302b2285e4e991e3bf210607678b3e1-800x529.jpg 800w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2018/11/gettyimages-461841920_custom-78867aba5302b2285e4e991e3bf210607678b3e1-1020x674.jpg 1020w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2018/11/gettyimages-461841920_custom-78867aba5302b2285e4e991e3bf210607678b3e1-1200x793.jpg 1200w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2018/11/gettyimages-461841920_custom-78867aba5302b2285e4e991e3bf210607678b3e1-1920x1268.jpg 1920w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 1920px) 100vw, 1920px\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Kiva robots move racks of merchandise at an Amazon fulfillment center in Tracy, California, in 2015. The machines bring the shelves to workers. \u003ccite>(Justin Sullivan/Getty Images)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>In traditional warehouses, it's the people who walk to the shelves. But in most Amazon warehouses, the robots bring the shelves to people.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The machines know what to bring and when to get orders packed so they are in time for delivery. AI systems keep track of all items in the warehouses, which can be as vast as 1 million square feet. AI constantly arranges and reshuffles the shelves so that things you're about to buy are ready to go.\u003c/p>\n\u003caside class=\"alignright\">\n\u003cul>\n\u003cli>\u003ca href=\"https://www.npr.org/2018/11/13/666274605/how-big-is-amazon\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">How Big Is Amazon? Its Many Businesses In One Chart\u003c/a>\u003c/li>\n\u003c/ul>\n\u003c/aside>\n\u003cp>Amazon is now rolling out new efficiency-boosting technology that eliminates the need for handheld scanners, says Brad Porter, head of robotics for Amazon Operations. The new system retrofits workers' stations with advanced cameras that can automatically scan items that workers hold in their hands. AI is learning to discern and interpret people's hand movements to recognize when a person places an item inside a shelf slot.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>This kind of innovation is a controversial topic in retail, where layoffs are rampant, just as automation is reshaping the workforce. Economic research \u003ca href=\"https://www.technologyreview.com/s/610005/every-study-we-could-find-on-what-automation-will-do-to-jobs-in-one-chart/\">is divided\u003c/a> on how much exactly AI will eliminate or create jobs, especially for lower-income Americans.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>For example, Amazon has been hiring people by the hundreds of thousands for its highly automated warehouses. Its workforce has ballooned to\u003ca href=\"https://ir.aboutamazon.com/static-files/28f23db2-79d5-4aa0-9acc-ef6413e1bafe\"> 613,300\u003c/a> in a matter of a few years. Warehousing overall has been one of the fastest-growing industries, even though a lot of that work is part-time or temporary.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>At the same time, Amazon has launched \u003ca href=\"https://www.npr.org/sections/thetwo-way/2018/01/22/579640565/amazons-cashier-less-seattle-grocery-opens-to-the-public\">AI-powered stores\u003c/a> that eliminate the need for a cashier, stoking fears about the future of jobs like these industrywide. Plus, as Porter will point out, scientists have long been working on robots that can imitate human hands with their grip. For work like packing in warehouses, an agile robotic hand could erase one key edge that human workers now have over machines.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>To Porter, modern automation is simply in the latest chapter of industrial progress.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"Industrial automation and robotics are here. They've been here for a long time,\" Porter says. \"I think what's novel or hard in the logistics space and for Amazon is just the diversity and selection of inventory that we have and the scale at which we're doing it. And so yeah, I think we'll continue to see technology innovation in all these spaces.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>The \"last mile\"\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>One area where AI has created a new type of job is in deliveries.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11707811\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 1920px\">\u003ca href=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2018/11/dsc1746_slide-a2005f33ac974ca9ec779bc411f1fda21369ac24.jpg\">\u003cimg class=\"wp-image-11707811\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2018/11/dsc1746_slide-a2005f33ac974ca9ec779bc411f1fda21369ac24.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"1920\" height=\"1279\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2018/11/dsc1746_slide-a2005f33ac974ca9ec779bc411f1fda21369ac24.jpg 2997w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2018/11/dsc1746_slide-a2005f33ac974ca9ec779bc411f1fda21369ac24-160x107.jpg 160w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2018/11/dsc1746_slide-a2005f33ac974ca9ec779bc411f1fda21369ac24-800x533.jpg 800w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2018/11/dsc1746_slide-a2005f33ac974ca9ec779bc411f1fda21369ac24-1020x679.jpg 1020w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2018/11/dsc1746_slide-a2005f33ac974ca9ec779bc411f1fda21369ac24-1200x799.jpg 1200w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2018/11/dsc1746_slide-a2005f33ac974ca9ec779bc411f1fda21369ac24-1920x1279.jpg 1920w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 1920px) 100vw, 1920px\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">The exterior of a fulfillment center in Baltimore. \u003ccite>(Claire Harbage/NPR)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Amazon has many logistics contracts for deliveries, with the United States Postal Service, FedEx, UPS and other smaller companies. But it also took a page from Uber and began hiring drivers for side gigs to make superfast deliveries in busy cities, paying between $18 and $25 an hour.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The app is officially called \"Flex,\" but its original name is \"Rabbit\" — \"along the magic theme,\" says Beryl Tomay, director of Amazon's Last Mile Delivery Technology.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The process relies on AI to constantly calculate how many drivers are needed at any given time. The app considers the weight and number of packages headed to the same neighborhoods and whether packages can fit in one of the available cars. The app even recommends the order of packing boxes into a car for the most efficient delivery.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>One big challenge for Flex drivers is parking. Amazon's app does not guide where to leave cars while dropping off a package. However, Amazon does factor how long it took other drivers to deliver to an address in its estimates. AI's timing estimates also consider traffic and types of building.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"A single-family home is fairly straightforward, whereas if it's a commercial building or an apartment complex, that gets a little bit more difficult,\" Tomay says. \"It's not always obvious where the unit is, or are we taking it to a mailroom or receptionist?\"\u003c/p>\n\u003caside class=\"alignright\">\n\u003cul>\n\u003cli>\u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/news/11672953/what-americans-told-us-about-online-shopping-says-a-lot-about-amazon\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">What Americans Told Us About Online Shopping Says A Lot About Amazon\u003cbr>\n\u003c/a>\u003c/li>\n\u003c/ul>\n\u003c/aside>\n\u003cp>As Sibay describes it, when a delivery is a one-hour race, every minute counts. So delays and missed deadlines get a thorough analysis.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"Were we not able to pick it in time from our warehouse shelves? Did we not have the right number of drivers?\" says Sibay. Or maybe \"the driver forgets his key at reception and has to walk a little longer. The driver's delivering a package and it's an elderly lady and they, you know, talk a little bit before he moves on to his next order.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>It's hard for AI to predict all these scenarios, Sibay says. But next time, maybe the address with the Chatty Cathy will get a few more minutes baked into the algorithm.\u003c/p>\n\u003cdiv class=\"fullattribution\">\u003cem>Copyright 2018 \u003ca href=\"http://www.npr.org/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">NPR\u003c/a>. \u003c/em>\u003c/div>\n\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>",
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"slug": "indian-entrepreneurs-with-no-green-cards-pursue-silicon-valley-dreams-elsewhere",
"title": "Indian Entrepreneurs With No Green Cards Pursue Silicon Valley Dreams Elsewhere",
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"content": "\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"https://www.nber.org/papers/w24494.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Immigrants start and/or lead\u003c/a> many of the biggest companies in Silicon Valley: Google, Oracle, Microsoft, etc. But with immigration reform in Congress stuck in neutral, a growing number of would-be entrepreneurs are choosing to pursue their Silicon Valley dreams someplace else.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Navish Jain’s aha! moment came after eight years of working at Cisco as an engineer. He’d read \u003ca href=\"https://www.washingtonpost.com/news/the-intersect/wp/2016/01/11/think-twice-before-answering-that-ad-101-killers-have-found-victims-on-craigslist/?utm_term=.10ec2e2cea5e\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">news headlines\u003c/a> about criminals finding their prey on Craigslist, and it struck him just how much he trusted Cisco’s in-house digital message boards.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>What if, he thought, there was a housing platform that verified that every user was either a college student or gainfully employed? “Those people are more trustworthy and credible as compared to complete strangers,” Jain thought, first to himself, and then out loud. He dubbed the new company \u003ca href=\"https://www.cirtru.com\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Cirtru\u003c/a>, inspired by the phrase “circles of trust.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But Jain faced a dilemma. He couldn’t work on Cirtru while working at Cisco, and because of his visa, he couldn’t stay in the U.S. \u003ci>without\u003c/i> working at Cisco. He was on a temporary, employment-contingent H-1B visa. A green card would have solved that but he’s Indian, and the backlog of Indian applicants stretches to 10, even 25 years.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“I waited for my green card for seven, eight years. I wanted to launch my startup here, create jobs, solve this problem here. But since my green card did not come, I was forced back to move to India,” Jain said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>He explained all this on a recent morning in Sunnyvale, a city he used to live in, while waiting to deliver a pitch for his company at the startup accelerator \u003ca href=\"https://www.plugandplaytechcenter.com\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Plug and Play Tech Center\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11707172\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 800px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-medium wp-image-11707172\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2018/11/Slide2-800x463.png\" alt=\"One of the slides from Jain's pitch deck for his startup, Cirtru.\" width=\"800\" height=\"463\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2018/11/Slide2-800x463.png 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2018/11/Slide2-160x93.png 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2018/11/Slide2-1020x590.png 1020w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2018/11/Slide2-1200x694.png 1200w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2018/11/Slide2-1920x1110.png 1920w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">One of the slides from Jain’s pitch deck for his startup, Cirtru. \u003ccite>(Courtesy of Navish Jain)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Think of it like speed dating in Silicon Valley. Roughly half the people in the room for that particular “Friday Pitch Day” were there to pitch their startups; roughly half were looking for startups to invest in. Each entrepreneur had five minutes on stage with his pitch deck to sell his idea, his team and his desired level of investment.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>People came from all over the world: Azerbaijan, Greece, Sweden, China, Germany, Japan. Even the local teams were packed with members whose accents betrayed that they didn’t start life in Northern California. There was a palpable atmosphere of excitement and ambition in the Plug and Play auditorium. For so many people in business around the world, Silicon Valley is where it’s at, the promised land, the global nexus of opportunity.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Of course, other countries are keen to mimic the magic of the San Francisco Bay Area, and Jain’s home country of India is no exception. Investors from around the world are pumping money into Indian startups. Jain is competing for those investors, too, but he said Cirtru is primarily designed for American users. After moving his family back to Mumbai, Jain now flies to the Bay Area periodically on temporary business visas for events like “Friday Pitch Day” at Plug and Play.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The backlog that Indians face for green cards didn’t start with the Trump administration, but it’s inexorably linked to the collateral damage produced as federal immigration officials pursue the president’s \u003ca href=\"https://www.uscis.gov/legal-resources/buy-american-hire-american-putting-american-workers-first\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">\u003cem>Buy American, Hire American\u003c/em>\u003c/a> executive order. \u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-medium wp-image-11707173\" style=\"font-weight: bold; color: #767676;\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2018/11/RS24885_GettyImages-665478668-qut-800x533.jpg\" alt='President Trump has said of H-1B visas, \"They should be given to the most skilled and highest paid applicants. And they should never ever be used to replace Americans.\"' width=\"800\" height=\"533\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2018/11/RS24885_GettyImages-665478668-qut-800x533.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2018/11/RS24885_GettyImages-665478668-qut-160x107.jpg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2018/11/RS24885_GettyImages-665478668-qut-1020x680.jpg 1020w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2018/11/RS24885_GettyImages-665478668-qut-1200x800.jpg 1200w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2018/11/RS24885_GettyImages-665478668-qut.jpg 1920w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\">\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>On signing the order, President Trump said of H-1B visas, “They should be given to the most skilled and highest-paid applicants. And they should never ever be used to replace Americans.” Theoretically, employers pay H-1B visa holders prevailing market wages and hire them only if they can’t find qualified American workers. But there have been news headlines — and lawsuits — claiming some companies are flouting the law.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"http://wadhwa.com\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Vivek Wadhwa\u003c/a> is a distinguished fellow at Harvard and Carnegie Mellon University of Silicon Valley who writes about technology. “The anti-immigrants rightfully criticize H-1B workers because they have no choice but to keep working for the same employer for 10, 15 even 20 years while they wait for green cards. And when they’re in this limbo, they can’t change jobs, they don’t get the same salary increases, they’re stuck doing the same jobs they did a decade ago,” Wadhwa said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"https://cis.org/Miano\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">John Miano\u003c/a> is a former tech worker who became an attorney in order to sue over the H-1B program. “Congress cannot even decide what H-1B even is. The original H category was strictly guest workers. The H-1B of today has been transformed into a holding pattern for immigration.” Miano argues the law itself is designed to profit employers who want to ditch American workers. “That is not abuse; that is what H-1B is intended to do.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"https://www.americanimmigrationcouncil.org/staff/leslie-dellon\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Leslie Dellon\u003c/a>, staff attorney for the pro-immigration American Immigration Council, disagrees. “It’s not the H-1B classification that creates a problem. If employers are complying with the requirement of paying the higher of the prevailing wage or the actual wage, then you’re not going to have a ‘lower-paid’ H-1B in the position. And, I believe the current law and regulations provide the agencies with ample tools to take action against those who don’t comply.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In the meantime, the Trump administration’s clampdown has effectively killed an entrepreneur’s visa that the U.S. Citizenship and Immigration Services estimates nearly 3,000 would apply for annually if it were a real thing. The Department of Homeland Security has delayed implementation of the Obama-era program twice and promised it plans to kill the rule entirely.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Somebody like Jain has the financial freedom to leave Silicon Valley and still pursue his startup. But Wadhwa warns that a growing number of other countries are eating Silicon Valley’s lunch, starting by snapping up entrepreneurs who feel they’re getting the cold shoulder from the U.S.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11707174\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 800px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-medium wp-image-11707174\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2018/11/RS33977_India_FamilyPhoto-qut-800x533.jpg\" alt=\"What's next for Navish Jain? An endless round of flights back and forth from Mumbai to San Francisco, as he seeks to raise his second round of funding for his startup.\" width=\"800\" height=\"533\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2018/11/RS33977_India_FamilyPhoto-qut-800x533.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2018/11/RS33977_India_FamilyPhoto-qut-160x107.jpg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2018/11/RS33977_India_FamilyPhoto-qut-1020x680.jpg 1020w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2018/11/RS33977_India_FamilyPhoto-qut-1200x800.jpg 1200w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2018/11/RS33977_India_FamilyPhoto-qut.jpg 1920w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">What’s next for Navish Jain? An endless round of flights back and forth from Mumbai to San Francisco, as he seeks to raise his second round of funding for his startup. \u003ccite>(Courtesy of Navish Jain)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>“Now, the chances of them succeeding in India, China, Brazil, Mexico are greater than here, because the cost of developing startups has dropped dramatically. And you have pockets of intelligence everywhere now. You have startups everywhere now,” Wadhwa said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad floatright]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“The United States may be becoming more xenophobic,” he added, “but that’s to our loss, our detriment.”\u003c/p>\n\n",
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"excerpt": "Some Silicon Valley entrepreneurs from India who face a wait of 10 years for a green card choose to launch their companies elsewhere.",
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"title": "Indian Entrepreneurs With No Green Cards Pursue Silicon Valley Dreams Elsewhere | KQED",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"https://www.nber.org/papers/w24494.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Immigrants start and/or lead\u003c/a> many of the biggest companies in Silicon Valley: Google, Oracle, Microsoft, etc. But with immigration reform in Congress stuck in neutral, a growing number of would-be entrepreneurs are choosing to pursue their Silicon Valley dreams someplace else.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Navish Jain’s aha! moment came after eight years of working at Cisco as an engineer. He’d read \u003ca href=\"https://www.washingtonpost.com/news/the-intersect/wp/2016/01/11/think-twice-before-answering-that-ad-101-killers-have-found-victims-on-craigslist/?utm_term=.10ec2e2cea5e\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">news headlines\u003c/a> about criminals finding their prey on Craigslist, and it struck him just how much he trusted Cisco’s in-house digital message boards.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>What if, he thought, there was a housing platform that verified that every user was either a college student or gainfully employed? “Those people are more trustworthy and credible as compared to complete strangers,” Jain thought, first to himself, and then out loud. He dubbed the new company \u003ca href=\"https://www.cirtru.com\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Cirtru\u003c/a>, inspired by the phrase “circles of trust.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But Jain faced a dilemma. He couldn’t work on Cirtru while working at Cisco, and because of his visa, he couldn’t stay in the U.S. \u003ci>without\u003c/i> working at Cisco. He was on a temporary, employment-contingent H-1B visa. A green card would have solved that but he’s Indian, and the backlog of Indian applicants stretches to 10, even 25 years.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“I waited for my green card for seven, eight years. I wanted to launch my startup here, create jobs, solve this problem here. But since my green card did not come, I was forced back to move to India,” Jain said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>He explained all this on a recent morning in Sunnyvale, a city he used to live in, while waiting to deliver a pitch for his company at the startup accelerator \u003ca href=\"https://www.plugandplaytechcenter.com\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Plug and Play Tech Center\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11707172\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 800px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-medium wp-image-11707172\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2018/11/Slide2-800x463.png\" alt=\"One of the slides from Jain's pitch deck for his startup, Cirtru.\" width=\"800\" height=\"463\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2018/11/Slide2-800x463.png 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2018/11/Slide2-160x93.png 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2018/11/Slide2-1020x590.png 1020w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2018/11/Slide2-1200x694.png 1200w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2018/11/Slide2-1920x1110.png 1920w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">One of the slides from Jain’s pitch deck for his startup, Cirtru. \u003ccite>(Courtesy of Navish Jain)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Think of it like speed dating in Silicon Valley. Roughly half the people in the room for that particular “Friday Pitch Day” were there to pitch their startups; roughly half were looking for startups to invest in. Each entrepreneur had five minutes on stage with his pitch deck to sell his idea, his team and his desired level of investment.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>People came from all over the world: Azerbaijan, Greece, Sweden, China, Germany, Japan. Even the local teams were packed with members whose accents betrayed that they didn’t start life in Northern California. There was a palpable atmosphere of excitement and ambition in the Plug and Play auditorium. For so many people in business around the world, Silicon Valley is where it’s at, the promised land, the global nexus of opportunity.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Of course, other countries are keen to mimic the magic of the San Francisco Bay Area, and Jain’s home country of India is no exception. Investors from around the world are pumping money into Indian startups. Jain is competing for those investors, too, but he said Cirtru is primarily designed for American users. After moving his family back to Mumbai, Jain now flies to the Bay Area periodically on temporary business visas for events like “Friday Pitch Day” at Plug and Play.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The backlog that Indians face for green cards didn’t start with the Trump administration, but it’s inexorably linked to the collateral damage produced as federal immigration officials pursue the president’s \u003ca href=\"https://www.uscis.gov/legal-resources/buy-american-hire-american-putting-american-workers-first\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">\u003cem>Buy American, Hire American\u003c/em>\u003c/a> executive order. \u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-medium wp-image-11707173\" style=\"font-weight: bold; color: #767676;\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2018/11/RS24885_GettyImages-665478668-qut-800x533.jpg\" alt='President Trump has said of H-1B visas, \"They should be given to the most skilled and highest paid applicants. And they should never ever be used to replace Americans.\"' width=\"800\" height=\"533\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2018/11/RS24885_GettyImages-665478668-qut-800x533.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2018/11/RS24885_GettyImages-665478668-qut-160x107.jpg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2018/11/RS24885_GettyImages-665478668-qut-1020x680.jpg 1020w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2018/11/RS24885_GettyImages-665478668-qut-1200x800.jpg 1200w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2018/11/RS24885_GettyImages-665478668-qut.jpg 1920w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\">\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>On signing the order, President Trump said of H-1B visas, “They should be given to the most skilled and highest-paid applicants. And they should never ever be used to replace Americans.” Theoretically, employers pay H-1B visa holders prevailing market wages and hire them only if they can’t find qualified American workers. But there have been news headlines — and lawsuits — claiming some companies are flouting the law.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"http://wadhwa.com\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Vivek Wadhwa\u003c/a> is a distinguished fellow at Harvard and Carnegie Mellon University of Silicon Valley who writes about technology. “The anti-immigrants rightfully criticize H-1B workers because they have no choice but to keep working for the same employer for 10, 15 even 20 years while they wait for green cards. And when they’re in this limbo, they can’t change jobs, they don’t get the same salary increases, they’re stuck doing the same jobs they did a decade ago,” Wadhwa said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"https://cis.org/Miano\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">John Miano\u003c/a> is a former tech worker who became an attorney in order to sue over the H-1B program. “Congress cannot even decide what H-1B even is. The original H category was strictly guest workers. The H-1B of today has been transformed into a holding pattern for immigration.” Miano argues the law itself is designed to profit employers who want to ditch American workers. “That is not abuse; that is what H-1B is intended to do.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"https://www.americanimmigrationcouncil.org/staff/leslie-dellon\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Leslie Dellon\u003c/a>, staff attorney for the pro-immigration American Immigration Council, disagrees. “It’s not the H-1B classification that creates a problem. If employers are complying with the requirement of paying the higher of the prevailing wage or the actual wage, then you’re not going to have a ‘lower-paid’ H-1B in the position. And, I believe the current law and regulations provide the agencies with ample tools to take action against those who don’t comply.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In the meantime, the Trump administration’s clampdown has effectively killed an entrepreneur’s visa that the U.S. Citizenship and Immigration Services estimates nearly 3,000 would apply for annually if it were a real thing. The Department of Homeland Security has delayed implementation of the Obama-era program twice and promised it plans to kill the rule entirely.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Somebody like Jain has the financial freedom to leave Silicon Valley and still pursue his startup. But Wadhwa warns that a growing number of other countries are eating Silicon Valley’s lunch, starting by snapping up entrepreneurs who feel they’re getting the cold shoulder from the U.S.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11707174\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 800px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-medium wp-image-11707174\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2018/11/RS33977_India_FamilyPhoto-qut-800x533.jpg\" alt=\"What's next for Navish Jain? An endless round of flights back and forth from Mumbai to San Francisco, as he seeks to raise his second round of funding for his startup.\" width=\"800\" height=\"533\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2018/11/RS33977_India_FamilyPhoto-qut-800x533.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2018/11/RS33977_India_FamilyPhoto-qut-160x107.jpg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2018/11/RS33977_India_FamilyPhoto-qut-1020x680.jpg 1020w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2018/11/RS33977_India_FamilyPhoto-qut-1200x800.jpg 1200w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2018/11/RS33977_India_FamilyPhoto-qut.jpg 1920w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">What’s next for Navish Jain? An endless round of flights back and forth from Mumbai to San Francisco, as he seeks to raise his second round of funding for his startup. \u003ccite>(Courtesy of Navish Jain)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>“Now, the chances of them succeeding in India, China, Brazil, Mexico are greater than here, because the cost of developing startups has dropped dramatically. And you have pockets of intelligence everywhere now. You have startups everywhere now,” Wadhwa said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"disqusTitle": "Butte County Supervisor Who Lost His Home 'Hopeful' Paradise Will Rebuild",
"title": "Butte County Supervisor Who Lost His Home 'Hopeful' Paradise Will Rebuild",
"headTitle": "The California Report | KQED News",
"content": "\u003cp>\u003cem>\u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/news/tag/wildfires/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Follow KQED's ongoing wildfire coverage.\u003c/a>\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>When the \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/news/11705243/california-wildfires-what-you-need-to-know\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Camp Fire\u003c/a> swept through the town of Paradise last week, tens of thousands of people had to flee from their homes.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Among them was Butte County Supervisor Doug Teeter. He grew up in Butte County, and watched the home his grandfather built become engulfed in flames as he barely made it out with his life.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>KQED spoke to Supervisor Teeter about how he and the community of Paradise are working to recover from the tragedy.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>A portion of the interview is included below and edited for clarity. Listen to the full conversation by pressing \"play\" above.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Where were you when the fire hit?\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>I was at home, and my wife was returning after dropping off the kids from school, and that's when I got the notification that there was a mandatory evacuation in my area. She left first, and I started discussing with neighbors who wanted to stay behind, and trying to convince them to leave. By the time I got on the road it was absolute gridlock, so I didn't get too far away from my house and ended up getting stuck on the road.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>I actually abandoned my car. Pretty soon after that, when I realized the flames were visible, [I thought] I better get back in someone's car. So I jumped into someone else's car, and we ultimately made it by hunkering down in a field. And at that point, I saw that my house was in flames and knew it was going to be lost.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11706876\" class=\"wp-caption alignright\" style=\"max-width: 300px\">\u003cimg class=\"size-full wp-image-11706876\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2018/11/DougTeeter.jpg\" alt=\"Butte County Supervisor Doug Teeter lost his home in the Camp Fire.\" width=\"300\" height=\"448\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2018/11/DougTeeter.jpg 300w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2018/11/DougTeeter-160x239.jpg 160w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 300px) 100vw, 300px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Butte County Supervisor Doug Teeter lost his home in the Camp Fire. \u003ccite>(Courtesy Butte County)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>The days since must have been difficult for you and other officials. Is it hard to be working, to be helping lead your community, when you've lost your own home?\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Yeah, it's kind of an understatement. And I think all the elected [officials] are powering on, and pretty much all of us lost homes.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>I lived in a home that was built by my grandfather, and so it really pains me to lose the last presence of my grandparents, because it was their home. But I'm not super materialistic, so losing stuff wasn't a big deal to me. I really value just making it out of there alive and still am really happy about that. And then just absorbing myself in the demands of trying to help others understand the situation they're in. Obviously, I can't speak for other elected [officials], but I see that they're trying to do the same thing and just get the work done and grieve when our people are happy.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>What's next for the community? With 90 percent of Paradise burned, do you rebuild?\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>I hope so. As a local leader, I plan on rebuilding. But right now we're still fighting active fire. You can't really move forward yet.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But let's just say we're ready to go into rebuild mode. A big concern is [that] our water is provided by a special district. There's no one living there, so who's going to pay the bills? The expenses of delivering water for a great number of people when there's only a few people there? It's going to be a huge economic loss for them. Same with the town. If no one moves back, then the town's not going to get sales tax. So they're not going to be able to pay for the personnel and the expenses that they incur. And I think that's the scariest thing, that if people don't commit to rebuilding, it's going to make it really hard for these municipalities in special districts to provide the services that they need to provide to make it amenable for rebuilding.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>There are a lot of mobile homes. And so now those things are gone. The elderly people that used to call this place home, and spend their retirement dollars and recreate, and kind of make it a really great place to retire — that's all changed because of the fire. And who's going to come back?\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>I'm hoping retirees that want to leave the high cost of these large urban centers will go, \"Wow, here's a place that had a horrific tragedy, but now is desiring a kind of phoenix from the ash.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Kind of the same thing that was in the '60s and '70s. It's going to be a great place to retire. It's going to be a great place to be a bedroom community for Chico. We could create a really nice downtown. We're 26,000 people that don't have a sewer system. It's all in septic. And without more people coming here to call Paradise home and enjoy the recreation that we offer -- like Lake Oroville, Butte Creek Canyon up in the mountains, Lassen Park -- it's just not going to survive.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>So I hope, I hope they can see the diamond in the rough that it would be for them.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>It sounds like despite this tragedy, you're hopeful.\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Oh, darn right! You know, I had a career as a mechanical engineer. I eventually called Mountain View my home, and I lived there for 13 years. And after a while, it's just like, \"Wow, why am I dealing with this traffic?\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>And it was kind of shocking, I never thought I'd move back home. I never had being a politician, supervisor, on my mind, ever. But you see what a great place this is, and we're only 3½ to four hours from the Bay Area. Less than two hours from Sacramento. And we've got this great community, a college, and you get to go in the mountains and fish and relax. But right now, it's really cool. And I hope people can see that and that they would want to stay and rebuild.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad floatright]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But I get it — people have to have jobs. We just lost pretty much every job that parents had except a few. And that's going to be the challenge. So, you know, open your eyes to what this tragedy is bringing to the masses. And it stinks to be number one [the most destructive wildfire in state history]. But, you know, it's definitely a marketing opportunity for rebuilding.\u003c/p>\n\n",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>\u003cem>\u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/news/tag/wildfires/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Follow KQED's ongoing wildfire coverage.\u003c/a>\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>When the \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/news/11705243/california-wildfires-what-you-need-to-know\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Camp Fire\u003c/a> swept through the town of Paradise last week, tens of thousands of people had to flee from their homes.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Among them was Butte County Supervisor Doug Teeter. He grew up in Butte County, and watched the home his grandfather built become engulfed in flames as he barely made it out with his life.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>KQED spoke to Supervisor Teeter about how he and the community of Paradise are working to recover from the tragedy.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>A portion of the interview is included below and edited for clarity. Listen to the full conversation by pressing \"play\" above.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Where were you when the fire hit?\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>I was at home, and my wife was returning after dropping off the kids from school, and that's when I got the notification that there was a mandatory evacuation in my area. She left first, and I started discussing with neighbors who wanted to stay behind, and trying to convince them to leave. By the time I got on the road it was absolute gridlock, so I didn't get too far away from my house and ended up getting stuck on the road.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>I actually abandoned my car. Pretty soon after that, when I realized the flames were visible, [I thought] I better get back in someone's car. So I jumped into someone else's car, and we ultimately made it by hunkering down in a field. And at that point, I saw that my house was in flames and knew it was going to be lost.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11706876\" class=\"wp-caption alignright\" style=\"max-width: 300px\">\u003cimg class=\"size-full wp-image-11706876\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2018/11/DougTeeter.jpg\" alt=\"Butte County Supervisor Doug Teeter lost his home in the Camp Fire.\" width=\"300\" height=\"448\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2018/11/DougTeeter.jpg 300w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2018/11/DougTeeter-160x239.jpg 160w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 300px) 100vw, 300px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Butte County Supervisor Doug Teeter lost his home in the Camp Fire. \u003ccite>(Courtesy Butte County)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>The days since must have been difficult for you and other officials. Is it hard to be working, to be helping lead your community, when you've lost your own home?\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Yeah, it's kind of an understatement. And I think all the elected [officials] are powering on, and pretty much all of us lost homes.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>I lived in a home that was built by my grandfather, and so it really pains me to lose the last presence of my grandparents, because it was their home. But I'm not super materialistic, so losing stuff wasn't a big deal to me. I really value just making it out of there alive and still am really happy about that. And then just absorbing myself in the demands of trying to help others understand the situation they're in. Obviously, I can't speak for other elected [officials], but I see that they're trying to do the same thing and just get the work done and grieve when our people are happy.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>What's next for the community? With 90 percent of Paradise burned, do you rebuild?\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>I hope so. As a local leader, I plan on rebuilding. But right now we're still fighting active fire. You can't really move forward yet.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But let's just say we're ready to go into rebuild mode. A big concern is [that] our water is provided by a special district. There's no one living there, so who's going to pay the bills? The expenses of delivering water for a great number of people when there's only a few people there? It's going to be a huge economic loss for them. Same with the town. If no one moves back, then the town's not going to get sales tax. So they're not going to be able to pay for the personnel and the expenses that they incur. And I think that's the scariest thing, that if people don't commit to rebuilding, it's going to make it really hard for these municipalities in special districts to provide the services that they need to provide to make it amenable for rebuilding.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>There are a lot of mobile homes. And so now those things are gone. The elderly people that used to call this place home, and spend their retirement dollars and recreate, and kind of make it a really great place to retire — that's all changed because of the fire. And who's going to come back?\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>I'm hoping retirees that want to leave the high cost of these large urban centers will go, \"Wow, here's a place that had a horrific tragedy, but now is desiring a kind of phoenix from the ash.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Kind of the same thing that was in the '60s and '70s. It's going to be a great place to retire. It's going to be a great place to be a bedroom community for Chico. We could create a really nice downtown. We're 26,000 people that don't have a sewer system. It's all in septic. And without more people coming here to call Paradise home and enjoy the recreation that we offer -- like Lake Oroville, Butte Creek Canyon up in the mountains, Lassen Park -- it's just not going to survive.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>So I hope, I hope they can see the diamond in the rough that it would be for them.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>It sounds like despite this tragedy, you're hopeful.\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Oh, darn right! You know, I had a career as a mechanical engineer. I eventually called Mountain View my home, and I lived there for 13 years. And after a while, it's just like, \"Wow, why am I dealing with this traffic?\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>And it was kind of shocking, I never thought I'd move back home. I never had being a politician, supervisor, on my mind, ever. But you see what a great place this is, and we're only 3½ to four hours from the Bay Area. Less than two hours from Sacramento. And we've got this great community, a college, and you get to go in the mountains and fish and relax. But right now, it's really cool. And I hope people can see that and that they would want to stay and rebuild.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But I get it — people have to have jobs. We just lost pretty much every job that parents had except a few. And that's going to be the challenge. So, you know, open your eyes to what this tragedy is bringing to the masses. And it stinks to be number one [the most destructive wildfire in state history]. But, you know, it's definitely a marketing opportunity for rebuilding.\u003c/p>\n\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>",
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"content": "\u003cp>\u003cem>\u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/news/tag/wildfires/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Follow KQED’s ongoing wildfire coverage.\u003c/a>\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Before the \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/news/11705243/california-wildfires-what-you-need-to-know\" rel=\"noopener\" target=\"_blank\">Camp Fire\u003c/a> destroyed much of Paradise, Caroline Bolin lived in a low-income Section 8 housing complex in the mountain town. Her rent was $236 a month, a payment she could afford on her $930-a-month disability check.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Bolin is still waiting to see what happened to her apartment complex. If it burned to the ground, like so many homes in Paradise, Bolin is afraid that she has run out of housing options.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“I don’t know what kind of home we’re going to have and what can we afford,” Bolin said. “We can’t stay in a hotel all the time. I might be out on the streets with two cats. Oh my God.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Unfortunately, Bolin won’t be the only Butte resident facing this dilemma. The Camp Fire destroyed more than 9,800 residences in a region that was already experiencing a housing crunch. Before the wildfire, Butte County’s vacancy rate was 1.5 percent.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In practical terms, that meant the the county was experiencing an extreme housing shortage before the fire, said Ed Mayer, executive director of the Butte County Housing Authority.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“We’ve been underproducing housing for our citizenry for any number of years,” Mayer said. “So the capacity of California and local communities to absorb such a disaster is very very limited.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Paradise sits in the foothills of the Sierra Nevada. It’s known for its natural beauty and for being affordable. With Chico just 15 miles to the east, Paradise was also close to many “big city” services like hospitals.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Now, with Paradise wiped out, where do they go?” Mayer asked. “They’re not going to find many other places in California that offered the same combination of affordability and proximity to services.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The Camp Fire hasn’t just exacerbated the county’s housing shortage, it could leave many of the thousands of fire victims homeless. As of Friday morning, 9,700 single residences and 144 multiple residences were destroyed in the Camp Fire, and officials estimate there are about 1,000 housing units available in Butte County.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Mayer said the county is considering opening temporary housing at fairgrounds where people can park RVs or live in large walled tents.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But that is little consolation to Luis Batres, who lived in Magalia, a small town just north of Paradise. The Camp Fire also ravaged most of the town and Batres’s house is probably gone.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11706503\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 640px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-large wp-image-11706503\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2018/11/RS33961_Image-from-iOS-4-qut-1020x765.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"640\" height=\"480\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2018/11/RS33961_Image-from-iOS-4-qut-1020x765.jpg 1020w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2018/11/RS33961_Image-from-iOS-4-qut-160x120.jpg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2018/11/RS33961_Image-from-iOS-4-qut-800x600.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2018/11/RS33961_Image-from-iOS-4-qut-1200x900.jpg 1200w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2018/11/RS33961_Image-from-iOS-4-qut.jpg 1920w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 640px) 100vw, 640px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Luis Batres and his daughter stand near a roadblock at the entrance to an evacuation zone that their home is in. They wanted to go up to Magalia to see if their home survived the Camp Fire. \u003ccite>(Sonja Hutson/KQED)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>“Right now, I don’t know what I’ve got,” he said while standing in front of a roadblock leading to the evacuation zone. Batres was waiting for the roadblock to open so he could see if his home was still standing.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Batres didn’t have a plan if it wasn’t. Would he find a new rental in Chico?\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“I hope,” Batres said with a note of hopelessness. “I hope.”\u003c/p>\n\n",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>\u003cem>\u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/news/tag/wildfires/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Follow KQED’s ongoing wildfire coverage.\u003c/a>\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Before the \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/news/11705243/california-wildfires-what-you-need-to-know\" rel=\"noopener\" target=\"_blank\">Camp Fire\u003c/a> destroyed much of Paradise, Caroline Bolin lived in a low-income Section 8 housing complex in the mountain town. Her rent was $236 a month, a payment she could afford on her $930-a-month disability check.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Bolin is still waiting to see what happened to her apartment complex. If it burned to the ground, like so many homes in Paradise, Bolin is afraid that she has run out of housing options.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“I don’t know what kind of home we’re going to have and what can we afford,” Bolin said. “We can’t stay in a hotel all the time. I might be out on the streets with two cats. Oh my God.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Unfortunately, Bolin won’t be the only Butte resident facing this dilemma. The Camp Fire destroyed more than 9,800 residences in a region that was already experiencing a housing crunch. Before the wildfire, Butte County’s vacancy rate was 1.5 percent.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In practical terms, that meant the the county was experiencing an extreme housing shortage before the fire, said Ed Mayer, executive director of the Butte County Housing Authority.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“We’ve been underproducing housing for our citizenry for any number of years,” Mayer said. “So the capacity of California and local communities to absorb such a disaster is very very limited.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Paradise sits in the foothills of the Sierra Nevada. It’s known for its natural beauty and for being affordable. With Chico just 15 miles to the east, Paradise was also close to many “big city” services like hospitals.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Now, with Paradise wiped out, where do they go?” Mayer asked. “They’re not going to find many other places in California that offered the same combination of affordability and proximity to services.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The Camp Fire hasn’t just exacerbated the county’s housing shortage, it could leave many of the thousands of fire victims homeless. As of Friday morning, 9,700 single residences and 144 multiple residences were destroyed in the Camp Fire, and officials estimate there are about 1,000 housing units available in Butte County.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Mayer said the county is considering opening temporary housing at fairgrounds where people can park RVs or live in large walled tents.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But that is little consolation to Luis Batres, who lived in Magalia, a small town just north of Paradise. The Camp Fire also ravaged most of the town and Batres’s house is probably gone.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11706503\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 640px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-large wp-image-11706503\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2018/11/RS33961_Image-from-iOS-4-qut-1020x765.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"640\" height=\"480\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2018/11/RS33961_Image-from-iOS-4-qut-1020x765.jpg 1020w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2018/11/RS33961_Image-from-iOS-4-qut-160x120.jpg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2018/11/RS33961_Image-from-iOS-4-qut-800x600.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2018/11/RS33961_Image-from-iOS-4-qut-1200x900.jpg 1200w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2018/11/RS33961_Image-from-iOS-4-qut.jpg 1920w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 640px) 100vw, 640px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Luis Batres and his daughter stand near a roadblock at the entrance to an evacuation zone that their home is in. They wanted to go up to Magalia to see if their home survived the Camp Fire. \u003ccite>(Sonja Hutson/KQED)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>“Right now, I don’t know what I’ve got,” he said while standing in front of a roadblock leading to the evacuation zone. Batres was waiting for the roadblock to open so he could see if his home was still standing.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Batres didn’t have a plan if it wasn’t. Would he find a new rental in Chico?\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“I hope,” Batres said with a note of hopelessness. “I hope.”\u003c/p>\n\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>",
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"content": "\u003ch2>Elderly, Disabled Residents & Their Treacherous Escape from the Camp Fire\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>At least 63 people are now reporting dead in the Camp Fire, and the list of missing persons has ballooned to 631 names. A week into this disaster, a picture is starting to emerge of the population hit hardest by this fire. Many of the town’s elderly and disabled residents couldn’t get out on their own.\u003cbr>\n\u003cem>Reporter: Sukey Lewis\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\u003ch2>Getting Your Post-Fire Life Together, One Package at a Time\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>Just over week since the fire broke out, evacuees are still grappling with immense loss, while having to figure out basics like where to sleep, how to pay for meals and even how to get their mail.\u003cbr>\n\u003cem>Reporter: Peter Arcuni\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\u003ch2>\u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/news/11706641/californias-chief-regulator-calls-for-review-of-pges-structure\" rel=\"noopener\" target=\"_blank\">California’s Chief Regulator Calls for Review of PG&E’s Structure\u003c/a>\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>With questions swirling about whether Pacific Gas & Electric Co. equipment could have sparked the Camp Fire — the state's deadliest and most destructive blaze on record — California's top utility regulator says he will expand an existing probe into PG&E's overall structure.\u003cbr>\n\u003cem>Reporter: Marisa Lagos\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\u003ch2>Sheriff's Sergeant Remembered as Admirable at His Funeral\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>Thousands gathered at Calvary Community Church near Thousand Oaks on Wednesday to celebrate the life of Sergeant Ron Helus, who died last week confronting the shooter at the Borderline Bar and Grill.\u003cbr>\n\u003cem>Reporter: Michelle Wiley\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\u003ch2>Tijuana NIMBYs\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>Hundreds more migrants from a largely Honduran exodus arrived in Tijuana yesterday. The sight of so many people on the streets triggered anger and fear among many Mexican residents who don’t want them there.\u003cbr>\n\u003cem>Reporters: Jean Guerrero and Sasha Khokha\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\u003ch2>What's the Military Doing at the Border?\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>150 U.S. Marines are putting razor wire on already existing fencing at the U.S.-Mexico border.\u003cbr>\n\u003cem>Guest: U.S. Army Captain Guster Cunningham\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003ch2>Elderly, Disabled Residents & Their Treacherous Escape from the Camp Fire\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>At least 63 people are now reporting dead in the Camp Fire, and the list of missing persons has ballooned to 631 names. A week into this disaster, a picture is starting to emerge of the population hit hardest by this fire. Many of the town’s elderly and disabled residents couldn’t get out on their own.\u003cbr>\n\u003cem>Reporter: Sukey Lewis\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\u003ch2>Getting Your Post-Fire Life Together, One Package at a Time\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>Just over week since the fire broke out, evacuees are still grappling with immense loss, while having to figure out basics like where to sleep, how to pay for meals and even how to get their mail.\u003cbr>\n\u003cem>Reporter: Peter Arcuni\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\u003ch2>\u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/news/11706641/californias-chief-regulator-calls-for-review-of-pges-structure\" rel=\"noopener\" target=\"_blank\">California’s Chief Regulator Calls for Review of PG&E’s Structure\u003c/a>\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>With questions swirling about whether Pacific Gas & Electric Co. equipment could have sparked the Camp Fire — the state's deadliest and most destructive blaze on record — California's top utility regulator says he will expand an existing probe into PG&E's overall structure.\u003cbr>\n\u003cem>Reporter: Marisa Lagos\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\u003ch2>Sheriff's Sergeant Remembered as Admirable at His Funeral\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>Thousands gathered at Calvary Community Church near Thousand Oaks on Wednesday to celebrate the life of Sergeant Ron Helus, who died last week confronting the shooter at the Borderline Bar and Grill.\u003cbr>\n\u003cem>Reporter: Michelle Wiley\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\u003ch2>Tijuana NIMBYs\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>Hundreds more migrants from a largely Honduran exodus arrived in Tijuana yesterday. The sight of so many people on the streets triggered anger and fear among many Mexican residents who don’t want them there.\u003cbr>\n\u003cem>Reporters: Jean Guerrero and Sasha Khokha\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\u003ch2>What's the Military Doing at the Border?\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>150 U.S. Marines are putting razor wire on already existing fencing at the U.S.-Mexico border.\u003cbr>\n\u003cem>Guest: U.S. Army Captain Guster Cunningham\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cp>\u003cem>\u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/news/tag/wildfires/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Follow KQED’s ongoing wildfire coverage.\u003c/a>\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>When ferociously destructive wildfires descend on a community — as the \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/news/11705243/california-wildfires-what-you-need-to-know\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Camp Fire\u003c/a> did in Paradise and the Woolsey Fire did in Ventura and Los Angeles counties last week — there’s a sense that everyone is created equal. Roaring, wind-driven infernos don’t discriminate between the structures or people in their paths.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>After the fires are out, however, it’s a different story.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Across the nation, wildfires disproportionately affect the poor and people of color, according to a \u003ca href=\"https://journals.plos.org/plosone/article?id=10.1371/journal.pone.0205825\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">study published earlier this month\u003c/a> by researchers from the University of Washington and the Nature Conservancy. The study’s authors examined over 70,000 census tracts across the United States.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>By far, Native Americans are hit the hardest.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Native Americans are six times more vulnerable to the impacts of wildfires than white people. Black and Hispanic people are about 50 percent more vulnerable.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Researchers took into account both the likelihood that a community would be hit by wildfire, and how difficult it is to recover economically.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>For example, they found that while affluent exurban regions east of San Francisco Bay and rural areas of the eastern Sierra Nevada have similar potential for suffering a destructive wildfire, relatively poorer socioeconomic conditions in the Sierra Nevada make those communities far more vulnerable to fire disaster.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In California more broadly, according to the study:\u003c/p>\n\u003cblockquote>\u003cp>Many individuals in rural areas, low-income neighborhoods, and immigrant communities do not have access to the resources necessary to pay for insurance, rebuilding, or continual investment in fire safety, \u003ca href=\"https://journals.plos.org/plosone/article?id=10.1371/journal.pone.0205825#pone.0205825.ref018\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">thereby increasing\u003c/a> their vulnerability to wildfire. These disparities became very clear after the 2017 wildfires in Sonoma County, California, where \u003ca href=\"https://journals.plos.org/plosone/article?id=10.1371/journal.pone.0205825#pone.0205825.ref019\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">price gouging on rentals worsened\u003c/a> an already dire housing shortage.\u003c/p>\u003c/blockquote>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Nature Conservancy lead scientist Phil Levin said Native Americans are so hard-hit because — first off — they were forced to settle in fire-prone areas.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Secondly, [these are] communities that are suffering economic or social issues, so there are higher poverty rates. Those populations tend to be most vulnerable as well,” Levin said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Wealthier people are more likely to be able to have cars to evacuate, buy fire insurance and create a defensible space around their homes.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>And they have more money to rebuild.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“So we were really interested in identifying where those places were around the country, around California, Oregon and Washington, where we could invest our resources most effectively so we could help the people that need it the most,” Levin said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Levin said preparing for wildfires doesn’t just mean controlled burns and forest thinning — it also means addressing poverty.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>\u003cem>\u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/news/tag/wildfires/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Follow KQED’s ongoing wildfire coverage.\u003c/a>\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>When ferociously destructive wildfires descend on a community — as the \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/news/11705243/california-wildfires-what-you-need-to-know\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Camp Fire\u003c/a> did in Paradise and the Woolsey Fire did in Ventura and Los Angeles counties last week — there’s a sense that everyone is created equal. Roaring, wind-driven infernos don’t discriminate between the structures or people in their paths.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>After the fires are out, however, it’s a different story.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Across the nation, wildfires disproportionately affect the poor and people of color, according to a \u003ca href=\"https://journals.plos.org/plosone/article?id=10.1371/journal.pone.0205825\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">study published earlier this month\u003c/a> by researchers from the University of Washington and the Nature Conservancy. The study’s authors examined over 70,000 census tracts across the United States.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>By far, Native Americans are hit the hardest.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Native Americans are six times more vulnerable to the impacts of wildfires than white people. Black and Hispanic people are about 50 percent more vulnerable.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Researchers took into account both the likelihood that a community would be hit by wildfire, and how difficult it is to recover economically.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>For example, they found that while affluent exurban regions east of San Francisco Bay and rural areas of the eastern Sierra Nevada have similar potential for suffering a destructive wildfire, relatively poorer socioeconomic conditions in the Sierra Nevada make those communities far more vulnerable to fire disaster.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In California more broadly, according to the study:\u003c/p>\n\u003cblockquote>\u003cp>Many individuals in rural areas, low-income neighborhoods, and immigrant communities do not have access to the resources necessary to pay for insurance, rebuilding, or continual investment in fire safety, \u003ca href=\"https://journals.plos.org/plosone/article?id=10.1371/journal.pone.0205825#pone.0205825.ref018\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">thereby increasing\u003c/a> their vulnerability to wildfire. These disparities became very clear after the 2017 wildfires in Sonoma County, California, where \u003ca href=\"https://journals.plos.org/plosone/article?id=10.1371/journal.pone.0205825#pone.0205825.ref019\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">price gouging on rentals worsened\u003c/a> an already dire housing shortage.\u003c/p>\u003c/blockquote>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Nature Conservancy lead scientist Phil Levin said Native Americans are so hard-hit because — first off — they were forced to settle in fire-prone areas.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Secondly, [these are] communities that are suffering economic or social issues, so there are higher poverty rates. Those populations tend to be most vulnerable as well,” Levin said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Wealthier people are more likely to be able to have cars to evacuate, buy fire insurance and create a defensible space around their homes.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>And they have more money to rebuild.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“So we were really interested in identifying where those places were around the country, around California, Oregon and Washington, where we could invest our resources most effectively so we could help the people that need it the most,” Levin said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Levin said preparing for wildfires doesn’t just mean controlled burns and forest thinning — it also means addressing poverty.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>",
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"disqusTitle": "San Francisco Latino Art Center Ups Pressure in Lease Negotiations",
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"content": "\u003cp>One of the Bay Area's leading Latino art galleries is ramping up the pressure on its landlord in their lease negotiations.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>On Saturday morning, staff members of San Francisco's Galería de la Raza rallied outside their building owner's apartment.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The Galería has been at the same location on the corner of 24th and Bryant streets in the Mission for the past 46 years. This summer, Galería’s landlord proposed doubling the $3,127 rent for the approximately 5,000-square-foot space. The property is owned by the Lily Ng Trust and managed by GBA Realty.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11703546\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 640px\">\u003cimg class=\"size-large wp-image-11703546\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2018/11/RS33481_20181029_104513-qut-1-1020x765.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"640\" height=\"480\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2018/11/RS33481_20181029_104513-qut-1-1020x765.jpg 1020w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2018/11/RS33481_20181029_104513-qut-1-160x120.jpg 160w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2018/11/RS33481_20181029_104513-qut-1-800x600.jpg 800w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2018/11/RS33481_20181029_104513-qut-1-1200x900.jpg 1200w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2018/11/RS33481_20181029_104513-qut-1.jpg 1920w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2018/11/RS33481_20181029_104513-qut-1-1180x885.jpg 1180w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2018/11/RS33481_20181029_104513-qut-1-960x720.jpg 960w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2018/11/RS33481_20181029_104513-qut-1-240x180.jpg 240w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2018/11/RS33481_20181029_104513-qut-1-375x281.jpg 375w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2018/11/RS33481_20181029_104513-qut-1-520x390.jpg 520w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 640px) 100vw, 640px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Galería de la Raza is located at 2857 24th St. in San Francisco’s Mission district. \u003ccite>(Sonja Hutson/KQED)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>The nonprofit countered, asking for a slower scale-up in cost or to rent a quarter of the space instead at the same price.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Two weeks ago, San Francisco Supervisor Hillary Ronen got involved and tried to bring the two sides to an agreement.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"Let's put down the greed for a moment and realize there are larger more important issues like how meaningful this organization is to the entire community in the mission,\" Ronen said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11703544\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 640px\">\u003cimg class=\"size-large wp-image-11703544\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2018/11/RS33611_Image-from-iOS-qut-1020x765.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"640\" height=\"480\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2018/11/RS33611_Image-from-iOS-qut-1020x765.jpg 1020w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2018/11/RS33611_Image-from-iOS-qut-160x120.jpg 160w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2018/11/RS33611_Image-from-iOS-qut-800x600.jpg 800w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2018/11/RS33611_Image-from-iOS-qut-960x720.jpg 960w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2018/11/RS33611_Image-from-iOS-qut-240x180.jpg 240w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2018/11/RS33611_Image-from-iOS-qut-375x281.jpg 375w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2018/11/RS33611_Image-from-iOS-qut-520x390.jpg 520w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2018/11/RS33611_Image-from-iOS-qut.jpg 1024w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 640px) 100vw, 640px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Hillary Ronen, who represents the Mission on the Board of Supervisors, speaks at a Saturday rally to pressure Galeria de la Raza's landlord to come back to the negotiating table. \u003ccite>(Sonja Hutson/KQED)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>But \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/news/11702324/galeria-de-la-raza-gets-nod-of-support-from-mayor-breed\">talks broke down\u003c/a> when the Galería refused to pay for accessibility improvements, because they are planning to move in two years to a new space they can afford.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Ani Rivera is the Galería's Executive Director. On Saturday, she held a sign outside the building owners' apartment that reads \"We stand with Galería.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11703542\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 640px\">\u003cimg class=\"size-large wp-image-11703542\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2018/11/RS33609_Image-from-iOS-2-qut-1020x1360.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"640\" height=\"853\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2018/11/RS33609_Image-from-iOS-2-qut-1020x1360.jpg 1020w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2018/11/RS33609_Image-from-iOS-2-qut-160x213.jpg 160w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2018/11/RS33609_Image-from-iOS-2-qut-800x1067.jpg 800w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2018/11/RS33609_Image-from-iOS-2-qut-900x1200.jpg 900w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2018/11/RS33609_Image-from-iOS-2-qut.jpg 1920w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2018/11/RS33609_Image-from-iOS-2-qut-1180x1573.jpg 1180w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2018/11/RS33609_Image-from-iOS-2-qut-960x1280.jpg 960w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2018/11/RS33609_Image-from-iOS-2-qut-240x320.jpg 240w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2018/11/RS33609_Image-from-iOS-2-qut-375x500.jpg 375w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2018/11/RS33609_Image-from-iOS-2-qut-520x693.jpg 520w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 640px) 100vw, 640px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Ani Rivera is Galeria de la Raza's Executive Director. She hopes this rally demonstrates \"what Galeria's about.\" \u003ccite>(Sonja Hutson/KQED)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>\"So we are here to today to sort of try to send a message, show them what the arts are about, what Galería 's about, the community they would be displacing,\" Rivera said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The building's property manager, Quan Phan, called the rally \"outrageous.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>According to Phan, the family is raising the rent to cover the skyrocketing cost of maintaining sidewalks, sewer lines and trees.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"They're finally asking for a little bit contribution and all of a sudden they become a greedy landlord,\" Phan said.\u003c/p>\n\n",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>One of the Bay Area's leading Latino art galleries is ramping up the pressure on its landlord in their lease negotiations.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>On Saturday morning, staff members of San Francisco's Galería de la Raza rallied outside their building owner's apartment.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The Galería has been at the same location on the corner of 24th and Bryant streets in the Mission for the past 46 years. This summer, Galería’s landlord proposed doubling the $3,127 rent for the approximately 5,000-square-foot space. The property is owned by the Lily Ng Trust and managed by GBA Realty.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11703546\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 640px\">\u003cimg class=\"size-large wp-image-11703546\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2018/11/RS33481_20181029_104513-qut-1-1020x765.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"640\" height=\"480\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2018/11/RS33481_20181029_104513-qut-1-1020x765.jpg 1020w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2018/11/RS33481_20181029_104513-qut-1-160x120.jpg 160w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2018/11/RS33481_20181029_104513-qut-1-800x600.jpg 800w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2018/11/RS33481_20181029_104513-qut-1-1200x900.jpg 1200w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2018/11/RS33481_20181029_104513-qut-1.jpg 1920w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2018/11/RS33481_20181029_104513-qut-1-1180x885.jpg 1180w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2018/11/RS33481_20181029_104513-qut-1-960x720.jpg 960w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2018/11/RS33481_20181029_104513-qut-1-240x180.jpg 240w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2018/11/RS33481_20181029_104513-qut-1-375x281.jpg 375w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2018/11/RS33481_20181029_104513-qut-1-520x390.jpg 520w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 640px) 100vw, 640px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Galería de la Raza is located at 2857 24th St. in San Francisco’s Mission district. \u003ccite>(Sonja Hutson/KQED)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>The nonprofit countered, asking for a slower scale-up in cost or to rent a quarter of the space instead at the same price.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Two weeks ago, San Francisco Supervisor Hillary Ronen got involved and tried to bring the two sides to an agreement.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"Let's put down the greed for a moment and realize there are larger more important issues like how meaningful this organization is to the entire community in the mission,\" Ronen said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11703544\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 640px\">\u003cimg class=\"size-large wp-image-11703544\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2018/11/RS33611_Image-from-iOS-qut-1020x765.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"640\" height=\"480\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2018/11/RS33611_Image-from-iOS-qut-1020x765.jpg 1020w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2018/11/RS33611_Image-from-iOS-qut-160x120.jpg 160w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2018/11/RS33611_Image-from-iOS-qut-800x600.jpg 800w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2018/11/RS33611_Image-from-iOS-qut-960x720.jpg 960w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2018/11/RS33611_Image-from-iOS-qut-240x180.jpg 240w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2018/11/RS33611_Image-from-iOS-qut-375x281.jpg 375w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2018/11/RS33611_Image-from-iOS-qut-520x390.jpg 520w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2018/11/RS33611_Image-from-iOS-qut.jpg 1024w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 640px) 100vw, 640px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Hillary Ronen, who represents the Mission on the Board of Supervisors, speaks at a Saturday rally to pressure Galeria de la Raza's landlord to come back to the negotiating table. \u003ccite>(Sonja Hutson/KQED)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>But \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/news/11702324/galeria-de-la-raza-gets-nod-of-support-from-mayor-breed\">talks broke down\u003c/a> when the Galería refused to pay for accessibility improvements, because they are planning to move in two years to a new space they can afford.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Ani Rivera is the Galería's Executive Director. On Saturday, she held a sign outside the building owners' apartment that reads \"We stand with Galería.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11703542\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 640px\">\u003cimg class=\"size-large wp-image-11703542\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2018/11/RS33609_Image-from-iOS-2-qut-1020x1360.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"640\" height=\"853\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2018/11/RS33609_Image-from-iOS-2-qut-1020x1360.jpg 1020w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2018/11/RS33609_Image-from-iOS-2-qut-160x213.jpg 160w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2018/11/RS33609_Image-from-iOS-2-qut-800x1067.jpg 800w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2018/11/RS33609_Image-from-iOS-2-qut-900x1200.jpg 900w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2018/11/RS33609_Image-from-iOS-2-qut.jpg 1920w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2018/11/RS33609_Image-from-iOS-2-qut-1180x1573.jpg 1180w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2018/11/RS33609_Image-from-iOS-2-qut-960x1280.jpg 960w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2018/11/RS33609_Image-from-iOS-2-qut-240x320.jpg 240w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2018/11/RS33609_Image-from-iOS-2-qut-375x500.jpg 375w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2018/11/RS33609_Image-from-iOS-2-qut-520x693.jpg 520w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 640px) 100vw, 640px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Ani Rivera is Galeria de la Raza's Executive Director. She hopes this rally demonstrates \"what Galeria's about.\" \u003ccite>(Sonja Hutson/KQED)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>\"So we are here to today to sort of try to send a message, show them what the arts are about, what Galería 's about, the community they would be displacing,\" Rivera said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The building's property manager, Quan Phan, called the rally \"outrageous.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>According to Phan, the family is raising the rent to cover the skyrocketing cost of maintaining sidewalks, sewer lines and trees.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"They're finally asking for a little bit contribution and all of a sudden they become a greedy landlord,\" Phan said.\u003c/p>\n\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>",
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"title": "Striking Hotel Workers Detail Hardships During Special Board Meeting at S.F. City Hall",
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"content": "\u003cp>Hundreds of unionized hotel workers who have been striking at Marriott hotels in San Francisco for the last month flooded into San Francisco City Hall on Friday, revealing stories of hardships to get by in one of the most expensive regions in the country.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Members of Unite Here Local 2, who walked off the job starting in early October, wore red shirts with the words “one job should be enough” and shared their struggles before a special Board of Supervisors hearing.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Some of them cried as they described how tough it’s been to get by, working several jobs on wages they consider too low, barely able to afford high rents and mortgages.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“I’m living on a razor’s edge from one day to the next,” said Nicholas Javier, a server at the Westin St. Francis who lives in a single-room-occupancy hotel.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Julian Penrose, a bellman at the W hotel, said he has to work multiple jobs.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11703377\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 800px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"wp-image-11703377 size-medium\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2018/11/mariott-strike-city-hall-0388-800x533.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"800\" height=\"533\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2018/11/mariott-strike-city-hall-0388-800x533.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2018/11/mariott-strike-city-hall-0388-160x107.jpg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2018/11/mariott-strike-city-hall-0388-1020x680.jpg 1020w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2018/11/mariott-strike-city-hall-0388-1200x800.jpg 1200w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2018/11/mariott-strike-city-hall-0388-1180x787.jpg 1180w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2018/11/mariott-strike-city-hall-0388-960x640.jpg 960w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2018/11/mariott-strike-city-hall-0388-240x160.jpg 240w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2018/11/mariott-strike-city-hall-0388-375x250.jpg 375w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2018/11/mariott-strike-city-hall-0388-520x347.jpg 520w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2018/11/mariott-strike-city-hall-0388.jpg 1620w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Ronald Morales (right) waits in line with other hotel workers on strike to attend a San Francisco Board of Supervisors meeting on Nov. 2, 2018. Morales works at the W Hotel in San Francisco and has been a Marriott employee for 19 years. \u003ccite>(J.P. Dobrin/KQED)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>“I don’t feel like my wife and I can afford to have children in this city,” Penrose said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“One job should be enough to make ends meet. One job should be enough to have a family, provide for your family … to cover health care … to retire in dignity,” Penrose said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“We live in a city where it’s in demand to have two jobs: one just to pay rent and one for survival,” said Diana Gochez, a hotel culinary worker.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The hearing came a day after San Francisco Mayor London Breed and Oakland Mayor Libby Schaaf urged Marriott CEO Arne Sorenson to “listen and work” with the union to help end the strike.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“The people who serve in our city’s hotels and restaurants deserve to have one job that is enough to live on,” Breed and Schaaf said in a letter to Sorenson.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11703378\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 800px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"wp-image-11703378 size-medium\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2018/11/mariott-strike-city-hall-0537-800x533.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"800\" height=\"533\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2018/11/mariott-strike-city-hall-0537-800x533.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2018/11/mariott-strike-city-hall-0537-160x107.jpg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2018/11/mariott-strike-city-hall-0537-1020x680.jpg 1020w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2018/11/mariott-strike-city-hall-0537-1200x800.jpg 1200w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2018/11/mariott-strike-city-hall-0537-1180x787.jpg 1180w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2018/11/mariott-strike-city-hall-0537-960x640.jpg 960w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2018/11/mariott-strike-city-hall-0537-240x160.jpg 240w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2018/11/mariott-strike-city-hall-0537-375x250.jpg 375w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2018/11/mariott-strike-city-hall-0537-520x347.jpg 520w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2018/11/mariott-strike-city-hall-0537.jpg 1620w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">A Marriott hotel employee is consoled after delivering a public comment at the Board of Supervisors meeting in San Francisco City Hall on Nov. 2, 2018. Many longtime employees expressed frustration with their low wages and the cost of living in the Bay Area. \u003ccite>(J.P. Dobrin/KQED)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>A Marriott spokesperson said the company is reviewing the letter but would not comment on it.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The message from the two mayors came two days after Sorenson rejected an invitation to attend Friday’s hearing. In his \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/news/11702796/marriott-ceo-slams-hotel-workers-union-refuses-to-attend-s-f-hearing\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">letter\u003c/a> to Supervisor Hillary Ronen, Sorenson criticized Unite Here, said its members were well compensated, and accused its leadership of focusing on orchestrating a nationwide job action instead of working a contract out at the bargaining table.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“We hoped to reach an agreement months ago. Unfortunately, the union seemed more interested in participating in a long planned, multi-city, 23-hotel strike against Marriott than they were in engaging in any meaningful negotiations,” Sorenson said in the letter.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Ronen and Supervisor Rafael Mandelman expressed outrage that Sorenson refused to attend the meeting.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“I’m incredibly disappointed, and in fact, insulted that you decided not to show up today,” Ronen said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11703379\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 800px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-medium wp-image-11703379\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2018/11/mariott-strike-city-hall-0480-800x533.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"800\" height=\"533\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2018/11/mariott-strike-city-hall-0480-800x533.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2018/11/mariott-strike-city-hall-0480-160x107.jpg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2018/11/mariott-strike-city-hall-0480-1020x680.jpg 1020w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2018/11/mariott-strike-city-hall-0480-1200x800.jpg 1200w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2018/11/mariott-strike-city-hall-0480-1180x787.jpg 1180w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2018/11/mariott-strike-city-hall-0480-960x640.jpg 960w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2018/11/mariott-strike-city-hall-0480-240x160.jpg 240w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2018/11/mariott-strike-city-hall-0480-375x250.jpg 375w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2018/11/mariott-strike-city-hall-0480-520x347.jpg 520w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2018/11/mariott-strike-city-hall-0480.jpg 1620w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Supervisor Hillary Ronen voices support for the striking Marriott workers at the beginning of a special supervisors meeting on Nov. 2, 2018. \u003ccite>(J.P. Dobrin/KQED)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>“I am just struck by the disrespect of this major international corporation,” Mandelman said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Close to 2,500 housekeepers, kitchen workers, bartenders and bellmen represented by Unite Here Local 2 walked off the job at the Courtyard Marriott Downtown, the Marriott Marquis, the Marriott Union Square, the Palace Hotel, the St. Regis, the W and the Westin St. Francis.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Similar strikes, involving other Unite Here local unions, have been taking place in Oakland, San Jose and several other cities around the country.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In San Francisco, the two sides have made progress on some sticking points, including job security and issues surrounding technology in the hotels, according to Unite Here Local 2 President Anand Singh.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But they are far apart on wages and health care, union officials have said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“This is a crisis,” Singh said. “This brazen position that this company has taken, an unreasonable position, has an impact on the entire industry.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Talks are expected to resume Nov. 12.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11703380\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 800px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"wp-image-11703380 size-medium\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2018/11/mariott-strike-city-hall-0307-800x533.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"800\" height=\"533\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2018/11/mariott-strike-city-hall-0307-800x533.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2018/11/mariott-strike-city-hall-0307-160x107.jpg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2018/11/mariott-strike-city-hall-0307-1020x680.jpg 1020w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2018/11/mariott-strike-city-hall-0307-1200x800.jpg 1200w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2018/11/mariott-strike-city-hall-0307-1180x787.jpg 1180w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2018/11/mariott-strike-city-hall-0307-960x640.jpg 960w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2018/11/mariott-strike-city-hall-0307-240x160.jpg 240w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2018/11/mariott-strike-city-hall-0307-375x250.jpg 375w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2018/11/mariott-strike-city-hall-0307-520x347.jpg 520w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2018/11/mariott-strike-city-hall-0307.jpg 1620w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Marriott hotel workers on strike enter San Francisco City Hall to attend a special Board of Supervisors meeting on Nov. 2, 2018. \u003ccite>(J.P. Dobrin/KQED)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n",
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"excerpt": "'I'm living on a razor's edge from one day to the next,' said Nicholas Javier, a server at the Westin St. Francis.",
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"title": "Striking Hotel Workers Detail Hardships During Special Board Meeting at S.F. City Hall | KQED",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>Hundreds of unionized hotel workers who have been striking at Marriott hotels in San Francisco for the last month flooded into San Francisco City Hall on Friday, revealing stories of hardships to get by in one of the most expensive regions in the country.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Members of Unite Here Local 2, who walked off the job starting in early October, wore red shirts with the words “one job should be enough” and shared their struggles before a special Board of Supervisors hearing.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Some of them cried as they described how tough it’s been to get by, working several jobs on wages they consider too low, barely able to afford high rents and mortgages.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“I’m living on a razor’s edge from one day to the next,” said Nicholas Javier, a server at the Westin St. Francis who lives in a single-room-occupancy hotel.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Julian Penrose, a bellman at the W hotel, said he has to work multiple jobs.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11703377\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 800px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"wp-image-11703377 size-medium\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2018/11/mariott-strike-city-hall-0388-800x533.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"800\" height=\"533\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2018/11/mariott-strike-city-hall-0388-800x533.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2018/11/mariott-strike-city-hall-0388-160x107.jpg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2018/11/mariott-strike-city-hall-0388-1020x680.jpg 1020w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2018/11/mariott-strike-city-hall-0388-1200x800.jpg 1200w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2018/11/mariott-strike-city-hall-0388-1180x787.jpg 1180w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2018/11/mariott-strike-city-hall-0388-960x640.jpg 960w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2018/11/mariott-strike-city-hall-0388-240x160.jpg 240w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2018/11/mariott-strike-city-hall-0388-375x250.jpg 375w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2018/11/mariott-strike-city-hall-0388-520x347.jpg 520w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2018/11/mariott-strike-city-hall-0388.jpg 1620w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Ronald Morales (right) waits in line with other hotel workers on strike to attend a San Francisco Board of Supervisors meeting on Nov. 2, 2018. Morales works at the W Hotel in San Francisco and has been a Marriott employee for 19 years. \u003ccite>(J.P. Dobrin/KQED)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>“I don’t feel like my wife and I can afford to have children in this city,” Penrose said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“One job should be enough to make ends meet. One job should be enough to have a family, provide for your family … to cover health care … to retire in dignity,” Penrose said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“We live in a city where it’s in demand to have two jobs: one just to pay rent and one for survival,” said Diana Gochez, a hotel culinary worker.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The hearing came a day after San Francisco Mayor London Breed and Oakland Mayor Libby Schaaf urged Marriott CEO Arne Sorenson to “listen and work” with the union to help end the strike.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“The people who serve in our city’s hotels and restaurants deserve to have one job that is enough to live on,” Breed and Schaaf said in a letter to Sorenson.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11703378\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 800px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"wp-image-11703378 size-medium\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2018/11/mariott-strike-city-hall-0537-800x533.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"800\" height=\"533\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2018/11/mariott-strike-city-hall-0537-800x533.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2018/11/mariott-strike-city-hall-0537-160x107.jpg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2018/11/mariott-strike-city-hall-0537-1020x680.jpg 1020w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2018/11/mariott-strike-city-hall-0537-1200x800.jpg 1200w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2018/11/mariott-strike-city-hall-0537-1180x787.jpg 1180w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2018/11/mariott-strike-city-hall-0537-960x640.jpg 960w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2018/11/mariott-strike-city-hall-0537-240x160.jpg 240w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2018/11/mariott-strike-city-hall-0537-375x250.jpg 375w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2018/11/mariott-strike-city-hall-0537-520x347.jpg 520w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2018/11/mariott-strike-city-hall-0537.jpg 1620w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">A Marriott hotel employee is consoled after delivering a public comment at the Board of Supervisors meeting in San Francisco City Hall on Nov. 2, 2018. Many longtime employees expressed frustration with their low wages and the cost of living in the Bay Area. \u003ccite>(J.P. Dobrin/KQED)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>A Marriott spokesperson said the company is reviewing the letter but would not comment on it.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The message from the two mayors came two days after Sorenson rejected an invitation to attend Friday’s hearing. In his \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/news/11702796/marriott-ceo-slams-hotel-workers-union-refuses-to-attend-s-f-hearing\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">letter\u003c/a> to Supervisor Hillary Ronen, Sorenson criticized Unite Here, said its members were well compensated, and accused its leadership of focusing on orchestrating a nationwide job action instead of working a contract out at the bargaining table.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“We hoped to reach an agreement months ago. Unfortunately, the union seemed more interested in participating in a long planned, multi-city, 23-hotel strike against Marriott than they were in engaging in any meaningful negotiations,” Sorenson said in the letter.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Ronen and Supervisor Rafael Mandelman expressed outrage that Sorenson refused to attend the meeting.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“I’m incredibly disappointed, and in fact, insulted that you decided not to show up today,” Ronen said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11703379\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 800px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-medium wp-image-11703379\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2018/11/mariott-strike-city-hall-0480-800x533.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"800\" height=\"533\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2018/11/mariott-strike-city-hall-0480-800x533.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2018/11/mariott-strike-city-hall-0480-160x107.jpg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2018/11/mariott-strike-city-hall-0480-1020x680.jpg 1020w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2018/11/mariott-strike-city-hall-0480-1200x800.jpg 1200w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2018/11/mariott-strike-city-hall-0480-1180x787.jpg 1180w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2018/11/mariott-strike-city-hall-0480-960x640.jpg 960w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2018/11/mariott-strike-city-hall-0480-240x160.jpg 240w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2018/11/mariott-strike-city-hall-0480-375x250.jpg 375w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2018/11/mariott-strike-city-hall-0480-520x347.jpg 520w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2018/11/mariott-strike-city-hall-0480.jpg 1620w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Supervisor Hillary Ronen voices support for the striking Marriott workers at the beginning of a special supervisors meeting on Nov. 2, 2018. \u003ccite>(J.P. Dobrin/KQED)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>“I am just struck by the disrespect of this major international corporation,” Mandelman said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Close to 2,500 housekeepers, kitchen workers, bartenders and bellmen represented by Unite Here Local 2 walked off the job at the Courtyard Marriott Downtown, the Marriott Marquis, the Marriott Union Square, the Palace Hotel, the St. Regis, the W and the Westin St. Francis.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Similar strikes, involving other Unite Here local unions, have been taking place in Oakland, San Jose and several other cities around the country.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In San Francisco, the two sides have made progress on some sticking points, including job security and issues surrounding technology in the hotels, according to Unite Here Local 2 President Anand Singh.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But they are far apart on wages and health care, union officials have said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“This is a crisis,” Singh said. “This brazen position that this company has taken, an unreasonable position, has an impact on the entire industry.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Talks are expected to resume Nov. 12.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11703380\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 800px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"wp-image-11703380 size-medium\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2018/11/mariott-strike-city-hall-0307-800x533.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"800\" height=\"533\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2018/11/mariott-strike-city-hall-0307-800x533.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2018/11/mariott-strike-city-hall-0307-160x107.jpg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2018/11/mariott-strike-city-hall-0307-1020x680.jpg 1020w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2018/11/mariott-strike-city-hall-0307-1200x800.jpg 1200w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2018/11/mariott-strike-city-hall-0307-1180x787.jpg 1180w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2018/11/mariott-strike-city-hall-0307-960x640.jpg 960w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2018/11/mariott-strike-city-hall-0307-240x160.jpg 240w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2018/11/mariott-strike-city-hall-0307-375x250.jpg 375w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2018/11/mariott-strike-city-hall-0307-520x347.jpg 520w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2018/11/mariott-strike-city-hall-0307.jpg 1620w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Marriott hotel workers on strike enter San Francisco City Hall to attend a special Board of Supervisors meeting on Nov. 2, 2018. \u003ccite>(J.P. Dobrin/KQED)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"info": "What kind of no sabo word is Hyphenación? For us, it’s about living within a hyphenation. Like being a third-gen Mexican-American from the Texas border now living that Bay Area Chicano life. Like Xorje! Each week we bring together a couple of hyphenated Latinos to talk all about personal life choices: family, careers, relationships, belonging … everything is on the table. ",
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"info": "The Political Mind of Jerry Brown brings listeners the wisdom of the former Governor, Mayor, and presidential candidate. Scott Shafer interviewed Brown for more than 40 hours, covering the former governor's life and half-century in the political game – and Brown has some lessons he'd like to share. ",
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"marketplace": {
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"info": "Our flagship program, helmed by Kai Ryssdal, examines what the day in money delivered, through stories, conversations, newsworthy numbers and more. Updated Monday through Friday at about 3:30 p.m. PT.",
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"info": "The MindShift podcast explores the innovations in education that are shaping how kids learn. Hosts Ki Sung and Katrina Schwartz introduce listeners to educators, researchers, parents and students who are developing effective ways to improve how kids learn. We cover topics like how fed-up administrators are developing surprising tactics to deal with classroom disruptions; how listening to podcasts are helping kids develop reading skills; the consequences of overparenting; and why interdisciplinary learning can engage students on all ends of the traditional achievement spectrum. This podcast is part of the MindShift education site, a division of KQED News. KQED is an NPR/PBS member station based in San Francisco. You can also visit the MindShift website for episodes and supplemental blog posts or tweet us \u003ca href=\"https://twitter.com/MindShiftKQED\">@MindShiftKQED\u003c/a> or visit us at \u003ca href=\"/mindshift\">MindShift.KQED.org\u003c/a>",
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"info": "For decades, the process for how police police themselves has been inconsistent – if not opaque. In some states, like California, these proceedings were completely hidden. After a new police transparency law unsealed scores of internal affairs files, our reporters set out to examine these cases and the shadow world of police discipline. On Our Watch brings listeners into the rooms where officers are questioned and witnesses are interrogated to find out who this system is really protecting. Is it the officers, or the public they've sworn to serve?",
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"info": "Our weekly podcast explores how the media 'sausage' is made, casts an incisive eye on fluctuations in the marketplace of ideas, and examines threats to the freedom of information and expression in America and abroad. For one hour a week, the show tries to lift the veil from the process of \"making media,\" especially news media, because it's through that lens that we see the world and the world sees us",
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"politicalbreakdown": {
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"title": "Political Breakdown",
"tagline": "Politics from a personal perspective",
"info": "Political Breakdown is a new series that explores the political intersection of California and the nation. Each week hosts Scott Shafer and Marisa Lagos are joined with a new special guest to unpack politics -- with personality — and offer an insider’s glimpse at how politics happens.",
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"possible": {
"id": "possible",
"title": "Possible",
"info": "Possible is hosted by entrepreneur Reid Hoffman and writer Aria Finger. Together in Possible, Hoffman and Finger lead enlightening discussions about building a brighter collective future. The show features interviews with visionary guests like Trevor Noah, Sam Altman and Janette Sadik-Khan. Possible paints an optimistic portrait of the world we can create through science, policy, business, art and our shared humanity. It asks: What if everything goes right for once? How can we get there? Each episode also includes a short fiction story generated by advanced AI GPT-4, serving as a thought-provoking springboard to speculate how humanity could leverage technology for good.",
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"pri-the-world": {
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"title": "PRI's The World: Latest Edition",
"info": "Each weekday, host Marco Werman and his team of producers bring you the world's most interesting stories in an hour of radio that reminds us just how small our planet really is.",
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"imageSrc": "https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/04/The-World-Podcast-Tile-360x360-1.jpg",
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"radiolab": {
"id": "radiolab",
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"info": "A two-time Peabody Award-winner, Radiolab is an investigation told through sounds and stories, and centered around one big idea. In the Radiolab world, information sounds like music and science and culture collide. Hosted by Jad Abumrad and Robert Krulwich, the show is designed for listeners who demand skepticism, but appreciate wonder. WNYC Studios is the producer of other leading podcasts including Freakonomics Radio, Death, Sex & Money, On the Media and many more.",
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"reveal": {
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"info": "Created by The Center for Investigative Reporting and PRX, Reveal is public radios first one-hour weekly radio show and podcast dedicated to investigative reporting. Credible, fact based and without a partisan agenda, Reveal combines the power and artistry of driveway moment storytelling with data-rich reporting on critically important issues. The result is stories that inform and inspire, arming our listeners with information to right injustices, hold the powerful accountable and improve lives.Reveal is hosted by Al Letson and showcases the award-winning work of CIR and newsrooms large and small across the nation. In a radio and podcast market crowded with choices, Reveal focuses on important and often surprising stories that illuminate the world for our listeners.",
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},
"rightnowish": {
"id": "rightnowish",
"title": "Rightnowish",
"tagline": "Art is where you find it",
"info": "Rightnowish digs into life in the Bay Area right now… ish. Journalist Pendarvis Harshaw takes us to galleries painted on the sides of liquor stores in West Oakland. We'll dance in warehouses in the Bayview, make smoothies with kids in South Berkeley, and listen to classical music in a 1984 Cutlass Supreme in Richmond. Every week, Pen talks to movers and shakers about how the Bay Area shapes what they create, and how they shape the place we call home.",
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"order": 16
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},
"science-friday": {
"id": "science-friday",
"title": "Science Friday",
"info": "Science Friday is a weekly science talk show, broadcast live over public radio stations nationwide. Each week, the show focuses on science topics that are in the news and tries to bring an educated, balanced discussion to bear on the scientific issues at hand. Panels of expert guests join host Ira Flatow, a veteran science journalist, to discuss science and to take questions from listeners during the call-in portion of the program.",
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"snap-judgment": {
"id": "snap-judgment",
"title": "Snap Judgment",
"tagline": "Real stories with killer beats",
"info": "The Snap Judgment radio show and podcast mixes real stories with killer beats to produce cinematic, dramatic radio. Snap's musical brand of storytelling dares listeners to see the world through the eyes of another. This is storytelling... with a BEAT!! Snap first aired on public radio stations nationwide in July 2010. Today, Snap Judgment airs on over 450 public radio stations and is brought to the airwaves by KQED & PRX.",
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