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"content": "\u003cp>California’s lush coastline, balmy climate and post-World War II economic promise made it an easy sell as America’s middle-class paradise in the 1950s.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“The California Dream of two or three generations ago was, ‘I’m going to move from a place that’s cold and flat to a place where there’s lots of opportunity,’” said Joel Kotkin, a presidential fellow in Urban Futures at Chapman University in Orange. “’I’ll get a job in an aerospace factory, in an oil company. I’ll buy a house with a pool. I’ll die and go to heaven. And I’ll do it all in good weather.’”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Today the weather remains. But access to the California Dream is being choked off.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Stratospheric housing costs, the exit of key companies and the failure to replace the jobs that left with them have downsized the state’s middle class.\u003c/p>\n\u003ch2>‘We could keep up, but we could never get ahead’\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>Since 1970, California’s share of the middle class fell from 60 percent to just over half the population. That trend almost mirrors patterns across the country. The number of middle-income Americans slipped from 61 percent in 1971 to 50 percent in 2015, according to the Pew Research Center.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In California, some have risen to the upper class and others have slid down. And some have \u003ca href=\"https://www.dailynews.com/2017/07/07/is-california-anti-family-joel-kotkin-and-wendell-cox/\">left the state\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“The key group leaving is basically in their 30s, 40s and 50s tending to be making about $100,000 to $200,000 a year,” Kotkin said, citing Internal Revenue Service data.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Between 2007 and 2016, \u003ca href=\"http://lao.ca.gov/LAOEconTax/Article/Detail/265\">California lost 1 million more domestic residents than have come into the state,\u003c/a> according to the IRS. Many are moving to Texas, Arizona, Nevada and Oregon.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“California opened their doors and basically kicked us out,” Kelly Rudiger said. “We couldn’t afford to live there with almost half of our income paying for our housing, our property taxes, our utilities. So my husband and I, both being full-time employees, we could keep up but we could never get ahead.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Rudiger and her husband, Tony, moved their two children to Texas last year.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“We sold an 1,800-square-foot home in San Diego and now live in a 4,000-square-foot home and are still paying less on our mortgage,” Rudiger said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>She said her middle-class income goes a lot further in Texas than in California.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11654647\" class=\"wp-caption alignright\" style=\"max-width: 800px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-medium wp-image-11654647\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2018/03/Rudiger800-800x1177.jpg\" alt=\"The Rudiger family: Tony, back left; Kelly, back right; and their children Renae and Branden Bingham -- moved to Texas in 2017 because San Diego was no longer affordable for their middle-income family.\" width=\"800\" height=\"1177\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2018/03/Rudiger800.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2018/03/Rudiger800-160x235.jpg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2018/03/Rudiger800-240x353.jpg 240w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2018/03/Rudiger800-375x552.jpg 375w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2018/03/Rudiger800-520x765.jpg 520w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">The Rudiger family: Tony, back left; Kelly, back right; and their children — Renae and Branden Bingham — moved to Texas in 2017 because San Diego was no longer affordable for their middle-income family. \u003ccite>(Courtesy Kelly Rudiger)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>The Public Policy Institute of California classifies middle-income earners as those making between $49,716 and $174,006, based on 2017 calculations.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Kotkin said California families used to pay three times their income for a home in 1970. Sometime over the next decade it changed, and now that figure has jumped to as high as 10 times.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Who has got that kind of money?” asked Kotkin. “Where I live, all the older people keep complaining, `My kids keep visiting me just waiting for me to drop dead so they can have the house.’ ”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Peter Brownell, research director at San Diego’s Center on Policy Initiatives, said the inability of California’s middle class to afford homes exposes a vulnerability in the state’s economy.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Even though as a whole, our economy is successful in terms of what it’s producing and the amount of wealth it’s producing, we’re not seeing that translate into incomes that will support families here in San Diego and across California,” he said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>And he believes that is not economically sustainable.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“When people have stable, middle-class incomes, it means they have money in their pocket to consume all kinds of goods, whether that’s purchasing housing, buying new clothes, buying cars, buying refrigerators,” Brownell said. “Our economy is driven by consumer spending.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Kotkin said California’s middle class started to dwindle when the Cold War ended in the 1990s, devastating the state’s aerospace industry. California has lost 280,000 aerospace jobs over the last 30 years, according to the book “Blue Sky Metropolis: The Aerospace Century in Southern California.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Kotkin said real estate and construction jobs also went away. More recently, jobs in the business sector have taken a hit.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Toyota, Occidental Petroleum, Nissan, companies that employed a large number of middle-class people, are going,” Kotkin said. “These were companies that had a lot of good paying jobs — $80,000, $100,000, $120,000 — enough to support a middle-class lifestyle.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>And he said many companies that remain are not expanding because of California’s land, energy, housing and regulatory costs.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The Center on Policy Initiative’s Brownell said the companies that are expanding are contributing to the state’s income inequality.\u003c/p>\n\u003caside class=\"alignright\">\n\u003ch3>\u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/news/series/californiadream\">Explore the California Dream Series\u003c/a>\u003c/h3>\n\u003cfigure>\u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/news/series/californiadream\">\u003cimg decoding=\"async\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2017/10/interstate-1920x1080-tight-crop.jpg\" alt=\"\">\u003c/a>\u003c/figure>\n\u003c/aside>\n\u003cp>“Here in California, we’ve had great success in creating highly skilled, high-paying jobs — in the tech industry in Silicon Valley and in San Diego the biotech industry,” Brownell said. “A lot of those really successful and well-paying industries have built into them a structural demand for low-wage work as well, the nannies, the restaurant workers and the dry cleaners.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Brownell said it is important to note that even people earning more than workers in low-wage jobs\u003ca href=\"https://www.cpisandiego.org/lack-of-hours-hits-minimum-wage-increase/\"> are struggling to survive.\u003c/a>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Sharon Mintz runs a floral arrangement business in San Diego. She said she offers free meals to her employees and has increased their pay from $15 to $20 an hour over the past few years but still cannot hold onto them.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“It works and then the rent goes up,” Mintz said. “And then we offer a little bit more and then groceries go up. It feels like we’re always trying to catch up.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Brownell said a middle-class revival lies in the hands of government, strong unions and companies.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>He said policymakers need to encourage the creation of quality jobs in the state. Unions set standards for wage and working conditions. And Brownell said companies with healthy profits should pay their employees more.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“The more prosperous a company becomes, the more of an obligation it has to share its success across the company,” Brownell said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Without any fixes, Kotkin said California is headed away from the enchantment of the 1950s toward a more primitive time.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Today, we have a society which over time is becoming more and more feudal with the very rich, very successful — some of the richest people in the history of the world — at the very top, and then a diminishing middle class,” Kotkin said. “And what’s more frightening is you have young people, some of them with college educations, working at Uber, working at Starbucks, essentially barely making it.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>\u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/news/series/californiadream/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">The California Dream series\u003c/a> is a statewide media collaboration of CALmatters, KPBS, KPCC, KQED and Capital Public Radio with support from the Corporation for Public Broadcasting, the James Irvine Foundation and the College Futures Foundation.\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad floatright]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"aligncenter size-medium wp-image-11660142\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2018/04/CADreamBanner-800x219.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"800\" height=\"219\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2018/04/CADreamBanner-800x219.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2018/04/CADreamBanner-160x44.jpg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2018/04/CADreamBanner-1020x280.jpg 1020w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2018/04/CADreamBanner-1180x324.jpg 1180w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2018/04/CADreamBanner-960x263.jpg 960w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2018/04/CADreamBanner-240x66.jpg 240w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2018/04/CADreamBanner-375x103.jpg 375w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2018/04/CADreamBanner-520x143.jpg 520w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2018/04/CADreamBanner.jpg 1867w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\">\u003c/p>\n\n",
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"headline": "For the Middle Class, the California Dream Has Become a California Joke",
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"nprByline": "\u003cstrong>\u003ca href=\"http://www.kpbs.org/staff/amita-sharma/\">Amita Sharma\u003c/a>\u003c/strong>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>California’s lush coastline, balmy climate and post-World War II economic promise made it an easy sell as America’s middle-class paradise in the 1950s.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“The California Dream of two or three generations ago was, ‘I’m going to move from a place that’s cold and flat to a place where there’s lots of opportunity,’” said Joel Kotkin, a presidential fellow in Urban Futures at Chapman University in Orange. “’I’ll get a job in an aerospace factory, in an oil company. I’ll buy a house with a pool. I’ll die and go to heaven. And I’ll do it all in good weather.’”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Today the weather remains. But access to the California Dream is being choked off.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Stratospheric housing costs, the exit of key companies and the failure to replace the jobs that left with them have downsized the state’s middle class.\u003c/p>\n\u003ch2>‘We could keep up, but we could never get ahead’\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>Since 1970, California’s share of the middle class fell from 60 percent to just over half the population. That trend almost mirrors patterns across the country. The number of middle-income Americans slipped from 61 percent in 1971 to 50 percent in 2015, according to the Pew Research Center.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In California, some have risen to the upper class and others have slid down. And some have \u003ca href=\"https://www.dailynews.com/2017/07/07/is-california-anti-family-joel-kotkin-and-wendell-cox/\">left the state\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“The key group leaving is basically in their 30s, 40s and 50s tending to be making about $100,000 to $200,000 a year,” Kotkin said, citing Internal Revenue Service data.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Between 2007 and 2016, \u003ca href=\"http://lao.ca.gov/LAOEconTax/Article/Detail/265\">California lost 1 million more domestic residents than have come into the state,\u003c/a> according to the IRS. Many are moving to Texas, Arizona, Nevada and Oregon.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“California opened their doors and basically kicked us out,” Kelly Rudiger said. “We couldn’t afford to live there with almost half of our income paying for our housing, our property taxes, our utilities. So my husband and I, both being full-time employees, we could keep up but we could never get ahead.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Rudiger and her husband, Tony, moved their two children to Texas last year.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“We sold an 1,800-square-foot home in San Diego and now live in a 4,000-square-foot home and are still paying less on our mortgage,” Rudiger said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>She said her middle-class income goes a lot further in Texas than in California.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11654647\" class=\"wp-caption alignright\" style=\"max-width: 800px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-medium wp-image-11654647\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2018/03/Rudiger800-800x1177.jpg\" alt=\"The Rudiger family: Tony, back left; Kelly, back right; and their children Renae and Branden Bingham -- moved to Texas in 2017 because San Diego was no longer affordable for their middle-income family.\" width=\"800\" height=\"1177\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2018/03/Rudiger800.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2018/03/Rudiger800-160x235.jpg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2018/03/Rudiger800-240x353.jpg 240w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2018/03/Rudiger800-375x552.jpg 375w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2018/03/Rudiger800-520x765.jpg 520w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">The Rudiger family: Tony, back left; Kelly, back right; and their children — Renae and Branden Bingham — moved to Texas in 2017 because San Diego was no longer affordable for their middle-income family. \u003ccite>(Courtesy Kelly Rudiger)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>The Public Policy Institute of California classifies middle-income earners as those making between $49,716 and $174,006, based on 2017 calculations.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Kotkin said California families used to pay three times their income for a home in 1970. Sometime over the next decade it changed, and now that figure has jumped to as high as 10 times.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Who has got that kind of money?” asked Kotkin. “Where I live, all the older people keep complaining, `My kids keep visiting me just waiting for me to drop dead so they can have the house.’ ”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Peter Brownell, research director at San Diego’s Center on Policy Initiatives, said the inability of California’s middle class to afford homes exposes a vulnerability in the state’s economy.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Even though as a whole, our economy is successful in terms of what it’s producing and the amount of wealth it’s producing, we’re not seeing that translate into incomes that will support families here in San Diego and across California,” he said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>And he believes that is not economically sustainable.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“When people have stable, middle-class incomes, it means they have money in their pocket to consume all kinds of goods, whether that’s purchasing housing, buying new clothes, buying cars, buying refrigerators,” Brownell said. “Our economy is driven by consumer spending.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Kotkin said California’s middle class started to dwindle when the Cold War ended in the 1990s, devastating the state’s aerospace industry. California has lost 280,000 aerospace jobs over the last 30 years, according to the book “Blue Sky Metropolis: The Aerospace Century in Southern California.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Kotkin said real estate and construction jobs also went away. More recently, jobs in the business sector have taken a hit.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Toyota, Occidental Petroleum, Nissan, companies that employed a large number of middle-class people, are going,” Kotkin said. “These were companies that had a lot of good paying jobs — $80,000, $100,000, $120,000 — enough to support a middle-class lifestyle.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>And he said many companies that remain are not expanding because of California’s land, energy, housing and regulatory costs.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The Center on Policy Initiative’s Brownell said the companies that are expanding are contributing to the state’s income inequality.\u003c/p>\n\u003caside class=\"alignright\">\n\u003ch3>\u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/news/series/californiadream\">Explore the California Dream Series\u003c/a>\u003c/h3>\n\u003cfigure>\u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/news/series/californiadream\">\u003cimg decoding=\"async\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2017/10/interstate-1920x1080-tight-crop.jpg\" alt=\"\">\u003c/a>\u003c/figure>\n\u003c/aside>\n\u003cp>“Here in California, we’ve had great success in creating highly skilled, high-paying jobs — in the tech industry in Silicon Valley and in San Diego the biotech industry,” Brownell said. “A lot of those really successful and well-paying industries have built into them a structural demand for low-wage work as well, the nannies, the restaurant workers and the dry cleaners.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Brownell said it is important to note that even people earning more than workers in low-wage jobs\u003ca href=\"https://www.cpisandiego.org/lack-of-hours-hits-minimum-wage-increase/\"> are struggling to survive.\u003c/a>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Sharon Mintz runs a floral arrangement business in San Diego. She said she offers free meals to her employees and has increased their pay from $15 to $20 an hour over the past few years but still cannot hold onto them.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“It works and then the rent goes up,” Mintz said. “And then we offer a little bit more and then groceries go up. It feels like we’re always trying to catch up.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Brownell said a middle-class revival lies in the hands of government, strong unions and companies.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>He said policymakers need to encourage the creation of quality jobs in the state. Unions set standards for wage and working conditions. And Brownell said companies with healthy profits should pay their employees more.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“The more prosperous a company becomes, the more of an obligation it has to share its success across the company,” Brownell said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Without any fixes, Kotkin said California is headed away from the enchantment of the 1950s toward a more primitive time.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Today, we have a society which over time is becoming more and more feudal with the very rich, very successful — some of the richest people in the history of the world — at the very top, and then a diminishing middle class,” Kotkin said. “And what’s more frightening is you have young people, some of them with college educations, working at Uber, working at Starbucks, essentially barely making it.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>\u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/news/series/californiadream/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">The California Dream series\u003c/a> is a statewide media collaboration of CALmatters, KPBS, KPCC, KQED and Capital Public Radio with support from the Corporation for Public Broadcasting, the James Irvine Foundation and the College Futures Foundation.\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"title": "California Spent Nearly $1.8 Billion Fighting Major 2017 Wildfires",
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"content": "\u003cp>California state agencies spent nearly $1.8 billion fighting fierce wildfires that killed dozens of people and destroyed thousands of homes and businesses last year, legislative budget experts reported Thursday.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The federal government will reimburse most of the costs, but the state will still need to come up with about $371 million on top of the state’s existing wildfire budget, the Legislative Analyst’s Office told the Senate Budget committee. That shouldn’t be a problem because state revenue has far exceeded expectations so far this fiscal year and the general fund is flush with cash.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“The 2017 wildfire season in California was nothing short of catastrophic,” said Mark Ghilarducci, director of the Governor’s Office of Emergency Services.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Nearly $1.5 billion was spent fighting fires and on recovery north of San Francisco in October, including debris removal and infrastructure repair. A series of fires in the North Bay and other areas killed 44 people and destroyed 8,800 buildings, prompting $10 billion in insurance claims.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The state spent about $300 million on December fires in Southern California, including the largest blaze in state history that swept through Ventura and Santa Barbara counties. The preliminary numbers are likely to increase as officials get a better account of spending.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Gov. Jerry Brown has proposed spending $35 million in next year’s budget to backfill lost sales, property and hotel tax revenue for local governments and to repair infrastructure. He also proposed spending $350 million from the state’s tax on carbon emissions for forest management on fire prevention, new helicopters, fire engines and other purposes.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Meanwhile, fire chiefs from around the state are asking lawmakers for $100 million to boost the state’s mutual aid system for sharing resources across departments.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>That could include overtime for firefighters positioned ahead of time in areas experiencing dangerous weather and for new technology such as satellite tracking to monitor fire engines.\u003c/p>\n\n",
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"excerpt": "Nearly $1.5 billion was spent fighting fires and on recovery north of San Francisco in October.",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>California state agencies spent nearly $1.8 billion fighting fierce wildfires that killed dozens of people and destroyed thousands of homes and businesses last year, legislative budget experts reported Thursday.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The federal government will reimburse most of the costs, but the state will still need to come up with about $371 million on top of the state’s existing wildfire budget, the Legislative Analyst’s Office told the Senate Budget committee. That shouldn’t be a problem because state revenue has far exceeded expectations so far this fiscal year and the general fund is flush with cash.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“The 2017 wildfire season in California was nothing short of catastrophic,” said Mark Ghilarducci, director of the Governor’s Office of Emergency Services.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Nearly $1.5 billion was spent fighting fires and on recovery north of San Francisco in October, including debris removal and infrastructure repair. A series of fires in the North Bay and other areas killed 44 people and destroyed 8,800 buildings, prompting $10 billion in insurance claims.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The state spent about $300 million on December fires in Southern California, including the largest blaze in state history that swept through Ventura and Santa Barbara counties. The preliminary numbers are likely to increase as officials get a better account of spending.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Gov. Jerry Brown has proposed spending $35 million in next year’s budget to backfill lost sales, property and hotel tax revenue for local governments and to repair infrastructure. He also proposed spending $350 million from the state’s tax on carbon emissions for forest management on fire prevention, new helicopters, fire engines and other purposes.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Meanwhile, fire chiefs from around the state are asking lawmakers for $100 million to boost the state’s mutual aid system for sharing resources across departments.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>That could include overtime for firefighters positioned ahead of time in areas experiencing dangerous weather and for new technology such as satellite tracking to monitor fire engines.\u003c/p>\n\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>",
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"slug": "how-trumps-steel-tariffs-could-have-an-outsize-impact-on-california",
"title": "How Trump's Steel Tariffs Could Have an Outsize Impact on California",
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"content": "\u003cp>President Donald Trump may be trying to save jobs in the Rust Belt with his planned 25 percent \u003ca href=\"https://www.scpr.org/programs/airtalk/2018/03/02/62000/economists-discuss-potential-impact-of-steel-tarif/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">tariff on imported steel\u003c/a>. But his actions could have an outsized impact in California.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The state does have about 5,500 steel workers, according to Bureau of Labor Statistics data from 2016. But UC Davis economist Katheryn Russ estimates that California has many more workers — over 100,000 — turning steel into products like hardware and car parts.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Steel as an input affects the cost of production in a lot of different industries,” Russ said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>She notes that President George W. Bush implemented tariffs on certain steel products in the early 2000s, and the outcome was not good for jobs.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The effects are difficult to quantify. But Russ \u003ca href=\"http://econofact.org/will-steel-tariffs-put-u-s-jobs-at-risk\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">points to estimates\u003c/a> that as many as 10,000 steel jobs were saved by President Bush’s tariffs — while anywhere from 26,000 to 200,000 jobs were lost in steel-using industries.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>And saving jobs in the steel industry has only become more difficult, Russ said, due to technological advancements that mean employers now need fewer workers to produce the same amount of steel.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“How many jobs can we save if we raise the price of steel in the U.S.? It’s hard to tell,” Russ said. “You’d basically have to tell industries to stop innovating.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[contextly_sidebar id=”0aEPFRW35Jz2uQsrWOFqycRg03t0j8m2″]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>UCLA economist Edward Leamer said Trump’s protectionist actions — through previously announced tariffs on imports of solar panels, washing machines and now steel and aluminum — could end up threatening more domestic jobs than they’re intended to save.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“The reality is, in the areas of coal and steel, he’s not going to be creating enough jobs to make a difference,” said Leamer.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Los Angeles-based Hannibal Industries relies on domestic and imported steel. Executive vice president Steve Rogers says it’s too soon to tell how his company would fare under Trump’s tariffs, but he’s concerned about rising costs and supply issues.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“There is not enough domestic steel-making capacity to fulfill steel demand in the United States,” Rogers said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Hannibal has more than 300 workers at its facility in Vernon, just outside of downtown Los Angeles. They take steel and fashion it into racks and tubes used for shelving units in warehouses. Rogers worries that tariffs could end up giving an advantage to foreign companies making the same products.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“We do compete with foreign finished goods, which we already have a hard time competing with just on a cost basis,” he said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>About 25 percent of imported steel comes into the U.S. through the ports of Los Angeles and Long Beach.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Last year, a steel mill in Fontana — California Steel Industries — expressed concern about tariffs, saying Western states rely on imports. In a letter to the U.S. Department of Commerce, President and CEO Marcelo Botelho Rodrigues \u003ca href=\"https://www.bis.doc.gov/index.php/232-steel-public-comments/1755-california-steel-industries-public-comment/file\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">wrote\u003c/a> that if tariffs were imposed, “the result could be the loss of thousands of U.S. jobs.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The nations exporting the most steel to the U.S. include Canada, Brazil and South Korea. Countries could respond to Trump’s tariffs with trade restrictions of their own. A European Union official said on Friday that Europe is prepared to retaliate by slapping import duties on U.S. products, including jeans made by San Francisco-based Levi’s.\u003c/p>\n\n",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>President Donald Trump may be trying to save jobs in the Rust Belt with his planned 25 percent \u003ca href=\"https://www.scpr.org/programs/airtalk/2018/03/02/62000/economists-discuss-potential-impact-of-steel-tarif/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">tariff on imported steel\u003c/a>. But his actions could have an outsized impact in California.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The state does have about 5,500 steel workers, according to Bureau of Labor Statistics data from 2016. But UC Davis economist Katheryn Russ estimates that California has many more workers — over 100,000 — turning steel into products like hardware and car parts.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Steel as an input affects the cost of production in a lot of different industries,” Russ said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>She notes that President George W. Bush implemented tariffs on certain steel products in the early 2000s, and the outcome was not good for jobs.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The effects are difficult to quantify. But Russ \u003ca href=\"http://econofact.org/will-steel-tariffs-put-u-s-jobs-at-risk\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">points to estimates\u003c/a> that as many as 10,000 steel jobs were saved by President Bush’s tariffs — while anywhere from 26,000 to 200,000 jobs were lost in steel-using industries.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>And saving jobs in the steel industry has only become more difficult, Russ said, due to technological advancements that mean employers now need fewer workers to produce the same amount of steel.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“How many jobs can we save if we raise the price of steel in the U.S.? It’s hard to tell,” Russ said. “You’d basically have to tell industries to stop innovating.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>UCLA economist Edward Leamer said Trump’s protectionist actions — through previously announced tariffs on imports of solar panels, washing machines and now steel and aluminum — could end up threatening more domestic jobs than they’re intended to save.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“The reality is, in the areas of coal and steel, he’s not going to be creating enough jobs to make a difference,” said Leamer.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Los Angeles-based Hannibal Industries relies on domestic and imported steel. Executive vice president Steve Rogers says it’s too soon to tell how his company would fare under Trump’s tariffs, but he’s concerned about rising costs and supply issues.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“There is not enough domestic steel-making capacity to fulfill steel demand in the United States,” Rogers said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Hannibal has more than 300 workers at its facility in Vernon, just outside of downtown Los Angeles. They take steel and fashion it into racks and tubes used for shelving units in warehouses. Rogers worries that tariffs could end up giving an advantage to foreign companies making the same products.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“We do compete with foreign finished goods, which we already have a hard time competing with just on a cost basis,” he said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>About 25 percent of imported steel comes into the U.S. through the ports of Los Angeles and Long Beach.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Last year, a steel mill in Fontana — California Steel Industries — expressed concern about tariffs, saying Western states rely on imports. In a letter to the U.S. Department of Commerce, President and CEO Marcelo Botelho Rodrigues \u003ca href=\"https://www.bis.doc.gov/index.php/232-steel-public-comments/1755-california-steel-industries-public-comment/file\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">wrote\u003c/a> that if tariffs were imposed, “the result could be the loss of thousands of U.S. jobs.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The nations exporting the most steel to the U.S. include Canada, Brazil and South Korea. Countries could respond to Trump’s tariffs with trade restrictions of their own. A European Union official said on Friday that Europe is prepared to retaliate by slapping import duties on U.S. products, including jeans made by San Francisco-based Levi’s.\u003c/p>\n\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>",
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"content": "\u003cp>Carl Ditlefsen vacuums out his car as the sun sets on the Green Cab taxi lot. He’s the only cab driver here. Next to the lot is a cluttered two-person office and a tarp lean-to. It covers a portable toilet with a sign that reads “Taxi Driver Parking Only.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Ditlefsen just finished a slow 11-hour shift, and he’s had only one good ride all day. His pay will be less than minimum wage, and these days, that’s normal.\u003c/p>\n\u003caside class=\"pullquote alignright\">‘If you keep me busy that’s all I ask.’ \u003ccite>Carl Ditlefsen, Cab driver\u003c/cite>\u003c/aside>\n\u003cp>“I used to work four or five days a week, and you were able to survive,” Ditlefsen said. “You weren’t on easy street by any means, but you were able to survive. If you keep me busy that’s all I ask.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Ditlefsen is wearing a blue hoodie that’s worn and pilled. One of his black sneakers has partially separated from the sole. I asked him if he thought he’d retire anytime soon.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Oh, I don’t think there’s retirement in sight,” Ditlefsen said. “You drive until you die. Whether you like it or not, a lot of us don’t have retirements to fall onto.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[audio src=\"https://www.kqed.org/.stream/anon/radio/tcrmag/2018/03/HarnettUberLyft.mp3\" title=\"The Human Cost of Uber and Lyft: Life in the Dying Taxi Industry\" program=\"The California Report\" image=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2018/02/Office-e1519254145353.jpg\"]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Taxi drivers like Ditlefsen are being sent to the brink by Uber and Lyft. Over the years, the companies have pushed down the cost of a ride and the earnings for drivers. Cab drivers have tried to fight back, protesting and forming unions. But Uber and Lyft’s footprints continue to expand.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Recently, Doug Schifter, a for-hire black-car driver in New York City, went to the steps of City Hall and shot himself to protest the industry’s decimation. Before taking his life, \u003ca href=\"https://www.npr.org/2018/02/10/584757778/taxi-drivers-face-financial-crisis\">Schifter posted on Facebook\u003c/a> about the financial pressure put on drivers like him by services like Uber.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The taxi companies themselves are imploding. In San Francisco, \u003ca href=\"http://www.sfexaminer.com/sf-yellow-cab-sold-competitor-810000/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">Yellow Cab went bankrupt in 2016\u003c/a>. Yellow Cab had around 500 medallions, which the city sold for $250,000 apiece. The company ended up selling for around $810,000, a little more than the sticker price for just three medallions.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Yellow Cab, Luxor and Citywide have all been consolidated into one company. Green Cab, Ditlefsen’s company used to have 19 members. Now it’s down to six. And they don’t even drive full time.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Mark Gruberg is a taxi driver and co-founder of Green Cab, which is driver-owned. Gruberg said many younger drivers have left the industry and those who remain are mostly career drivers. Many of them are stuck with medallions, \u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/news/2015/09/24/for-san-francisco-cab-drivers-once-treasured-medallions-now-a-burden/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">which can be a big financial burden\u003c/a>. The upshot of all this is that there are fewer cabs on the road.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11651107\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 800px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-medium wp-image-11651107\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2018/02/Office-e1519088025430-800x600.jpg\" alt=\"The office for Green Cab, which has been downsized from 19 to six members.\" width=\"800\" height=\"600\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">The office for Green Cab, which has been downsized from 19 to six members. \u003ccite>(Sam Harnett/KQED)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Gruberg shows me the company’s shift schedule. It used to be filled all the time. Now the schedule is shot through with yellow, the color for unfilled shifts.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Gruberg says Uber and Lyft have taken away cab drivers’ biggest paydays: Valentine’s Day, Halloween, St Patrick’s Day, even New Year’s Eve. None of these days bring in the business they used to. Gruberg says drivers have lost between a third and half of their income.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>At the end of every shift, Deborah Sears, the office manager, adds up what drivers earned.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“There’s days when some guy will come in and say, I had three fares today,’ ” Sears said. “It’s like going out there and playing Russian roulette.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Veena Dubal, a professor of law at UC Hastings, recently conducted an ethnographic study, comparing cab drivers with those for Uber and Lyft. Dubal says identity plays a huge role in the lives of these drivers. “The sort of dignity that people got from their work when they were full-time professional drivers is just not possible with Uber and Lyft.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Dubal said ride apps like Uber and Lyft are not only destroying the stable long-term jobs of the taxi industry, but also the sense of community in the industry.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Because of how low the fares are they have to drive and drive and drive and drive for an inordinate amount of time in order to eke out a living,” Dubal said. “So there isn’t an opportunity to build community in the same way that there was in the taxi industry.”\u003c/p>\n\u003caside class=\"pullquote alignleft\">‘Consumers who use these ride services are absolutely complicit.’ \u003ccite>Veena Dubal, Lawyer at UC Hastings\u003c/cite>\u003c/aside>\n\u003cp>Dubal says the “app drivers” are way more atomized, isolated. There’s no taxi lot, less of a sense of community. They just flip on the app and drive, feeding customer demand for cheap, convenient rides. Dubal said “consumers who use these ride services are absolutely complicit” in the destruction of the taxi industry.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Joe Disalvo just arrived at the Green Cab office for his shift. He has a bright, bushy, white mustache and bifocal lenses.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“I’ve heard drivers say things like, ‘If I don’t die of old age soon, I’m going to go crazy,’ ” Disalvo said.\u003c/p>\n\u003caside class=\"pullquote alignright\">‘I’ve heard drivers say things like, ‘If I don’t die of old age soon, I’m going to go crazy.’ ” \u003ccite>Joe Disalvo\u003cbr>\nTaxi driver\u003c/cite>\u003c/aside>\n\u003cp>Disalvo has been driving since 1984. He’s one of the career drivers who is locked into the job.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“I’m 74, and if I was younger I’d just leave,” Disalvo said. “I’d get a second job or go do something else, but my time has passed for that. I have to do what I am doing for as long as I can and make it work somehow.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Disalvo is also stuck financially. He took out a loan to buy a medallion. For Disalvo and many others, it was the de facto taxi retirement plan. Now Disalvo says a medallion is pretty much a worthless piece of tin and a huge financial burden.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“There are drivers who are applying for food stamps and welfare,” Disalvo said, “I haven’t done it, I haven’t had to, but this is the first year I’ve been underwater.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad floatright]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Disalvo finishes the tiny paper cup of water he’s drinking, crunches it and drops it in the trash. He thanks me for letting him vent. That, he said, will at least keep him going for a little while longer.\u003c/p>\n\n",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Taxi drivers like Ditlefsen are being sent to the brink by Uber and Lyft. Over the years, the companies have pushed down the cost of a ride and the earnings for drivers. Cab drivers have tried to fight back, protesting and forming unions. But Uber and Lyft’s footprints continue to expand.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Recently, Doug Schifter, a for-hire black-car driver in New York City, went to the steps of City Hall and shot himself to protest the industry’s decimation. Before taking his life, \u003ca href=\"https://www.npr.org/2018/02/10/584757778/taxi-drivers-face-financial-crisis\">Schifter posted on Facebook\u003c/a> about the financial pressure put on drivers like him by services like Uber.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The taxi companies themselves are imploding. In San Francisco, \u003ca href=\"http://www.sfexaminer.com/sf-yellow-cab-sold-competitor-810000/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">Yellow Cab went bankrupt in 2016\u003c/a>. Yellow Cab had around 500 medallions, which the city sold for $250,000 apiece. The company ended up selling for around $810,000, a little more than the sticker price for just three medallions.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Yellow Cab, Luxor and Citywide have all been consolidated into one company. Green Cab, Ditlefsen’s company used to have 19 members. Now it’s down to six. And they don’t even drive full time.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Mark Gruberg is a taxi driver and co-founder of Green Cab, which is driver-owned. Gruberg said many younger drivers have left the industry and those who remain are mostly career drivers. Many of them are stuck with medallions, \u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/news/2015/09/24/for-san-francisco-cab-drivers-once-treasured-medallions-now-a-burden/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">which can be a big financial burden\u003c/a>. The upshot of all this is that there are fewer cabs on the road.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11651107\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 800px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-medium wp-image-11651107\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2018/02/Office-e1519088025430-800x600.jpg\" alt=\"The office for Green Cab, which has been downsized from 19 to six members.\" width=\"800\" height=\"600\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">The office for Green Cab, which has been downsized from 19 to six members. \u003ccite>(Sam Harnett/KQED)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Gruberg shows me the company’s shift schedule. It used to be filled all the time. Now the schedule is shot through with yellow, the color for unfilled shifts.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Gruberg says Uber and Lyft have taken away cab drivers’ biggest paydays: Valentine’s Day, Halloween, St Patrick’s Day, even New Year’s Eve. None of these days bring in the business they used to. Gruberg says drivers have lost between a third and half of their income.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>At the end of every shift, Deborah Sears, the office manager, adds up what drivers earned.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“There’s days when some guy will come in and say, I had three fares today,’ ” Sears said. “It’s like going out there and playing Russian roulette.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Veena Dubal, a professor of law at UC Hastings, recently conducted an ethnographic study, comparing cab drivers with those for Uber and Lyft. Dubal says identity plays a huge role in the lives of these drivers. “The sort of dignity that people got from their work when they were full-time professional drivers is just not possible with Uber and Lyft.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Dubal said ride apps like Uber and Lyft are not only destroying the stable long-term jobs of the taxi industry, but also the sense of community in the industry.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Because of how low the fares are they have to drive and drive and drive and drive for an inordinate amount of time in order to eke out a living,” Dubal said. “So there isn’t an opportunity to build community in the same way that there was in the taxi industry.”\u003c/p>\n\u003caside class=\"pullquote alignleft\">‘Consumers who use these ride services are absolutely complicit.’ \u003ccite>Veena Dubal, Lawyer at UC Hastings\u003c/cite>\u003c/aside>\n\u003cp>Dubal says the “app drivers” are way more atomized, isolated. There’s no taxi lot, less of a sense of community. They just flip on the app and drive, feeding customer demand for cheap, convenient rides. Dubal said “consumers who use these ride services are absolutely complicit” in the destruction of the taxi industry.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Joe Disalvo just arrived at the Green Cab office for his shift. He has a bright, bushy, white mustache and bifocal lenses.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“I’ve heard drivers say things like, ‘If I don’t die of old age soon, I’m going to go crazy,’ ” Disalvo said.\u003c/p>\n\u003caside class=\"pullquote alignright\">‘I’ve heard drivers say things like, ‘If I don’t die of old age soon, I’m going to go crazy.’ ” \u003ccite>Joe Disalvo\u003cbr>\nTaxi driver\u003c/cite>\u003c/aside>\n\u003cp>Disalvo has been driving since 1984. He’s one of the career drivers who is locked into the job.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“I’m 74, and if I was younger I’d just leave,” Disalvo said. “I’d get a second job or go do something else, but my time has passed for that. I have to do what I am doing for as long as I can and make it work somehow.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Disalvo is also stuck financially. He took out a loan to buy a medallion. For Disalvo and many others, it was the de facto taxi retirement plan. Now Disalvo says a medallion is pretty much a worthless piece of tin and a huge financial burden.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“There are drivers who are applying for food stamps and welfare,” Disalvo said, “I haven’t done it, I haven’t had to, but this is the first year I’ve been underwater.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Disalvo finishes the tiny paper cup of water he’s drinking, crunches it and drops it in the trash. He thanks me for letting him vent. That, he said, will at least keep him going for a little while longer.\u003c/p>\n\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>",
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"content": "\u003cp>The vast majority of Uber and Lyft drivers are earning less than minimum wage and almost a third of them are actually losing money by driving, according to researchers at the Massachusetts Institute of Technology.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"http://ceepr.mit.edu/files/papers/2018-005-Brief.pdf\" target=\"_blank\">A working paper\u003c/a> by Stephen M. Zoepf, Stella Chen, Paa Adu and Gonzalo Pozo at MIT's Center for Energy and Environmental Policy Research says the median pretax profit earned from driving is $3.37 per hour after taking expenses into account. Seventy-four percent of drivers earn less than their state's minimum wage, the researchers say.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Thirty percent of drivers \"are actually losing money once vehicle expenses are included,\" the authors found.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The conclusions are based on surveys of more than 1,100 drivers who told researchers about their revenue, how many miles they drove and what type of car they used. The study's authors then combined that with typical costs associated with a certain car's insurance, maintenance, gas and depreciation, which was gathered in data from Edmunds, Kelley Blue Book and the Environmental Protection Agency.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Drivers earning the median amount of revenue are getting $0.59 per mile driven, researchers say, but expenses work out to $0.30 per mile, meaning a driver makes a median profit of $0.29 for each mile.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>An Uber spokesperson responded to the finding in a \u003ca href=\"https://www.theguardian.com/technology/2018/mar/01/uber-lyft-driver-wages-median-report\" target=\"_blank\">statement to The Guardian:\u003c/a>\u003c/p>\n\u003cblockquote>\n\u003cp>\"While the paper is certainly attention grabbing, its methodology and findings are deeply flawed. We've reached out to the paper's authors to share our concerns and suggest ways we might work together to refine their approach.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003c/blockquote>\n\u003cp>The newspaper also noted, \"Other \u003ca href=\"https://web.stanford.edu/~diamondr/UberPayGap.pdf\" target=\"_blank\">studies\u003c/a> and \u003ca href=\"https://therideshareguy.com/2018-uber-and-lyft-driver-survey-results-the-rideshare-guy/\" target=\"_blank\">surveys\u003c/a> have found higher hourly earnings for Uber drivers, in part because there are numerous ways to report income and to calculate costs and time and miles spent on the job.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>MIT authors also calculated that it's possible for billions of dollars in driver profits to be untaxed because \"nearly half of drivers can declare a loss on their taxes.\" Drivers are able to use the IRS standard mileage rate deduction to write off some of the costs of using a car for business. In 2016, that number was \u003ca href=\"https://www.irs.gov/tax-professionals/standard-mileage-rates\" target=\"_blank\">$0.54 per mile.\u003c/a> \"Because of this deduction, most ride-hailing drivers are able to declare profits that are substantially lower,\" researchers write.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"If drivers are fully able to capitalize on these losses for tax purposes, 73.5% of an estimated U.S. market $4.8B in annual ride-hailing driver profit is untaxed,\" they add.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>According to MIT researchers, 80 percent of drivers said they work less than 40 hours per week. An NPR/Marist poll in January found that 1 in 5 jobs in the U.S. is \u003ca href=\"https://www.npr.org/series/579833363/the-rise-of-the-contract-workers\" target=\"_blank\">held by a contract worker;\u003c/a> contractors often juggle multiple part-time jobs.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Uber and Lyft both have \u003ca href=\"https://www.npr.org/2017/12/11/569462645/in-effort-to-court-drivers-lyft-offering-education-discounts\" target=\"_blank\">\"notoriously high\"\u003c/a> turnover rates among drivers. A report last year said just \u003ca href=\"https://www.cnbc.com/2017/04/20/only-4-percent-of-uber-drivers-remain-after-a-year-says-report.html\">4 percent\u003c/a> of Uber drivers work for the company for at least a year.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>NPR's \u003ca href=\"https://www.npr.org/2017/12/11/569462645/in-effort-to-court-drivers-lyft-offering-education-discounts\" target=\"_blank\">Aarti Shahani reported\u003c/a> in December that Lyft began a program to give drivers \"access to discounted GED and college courses online\" in a recruiting effort.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>It was only last year that Uber introduced the option to tip drivers into its app for customers. \u003ca href=\"https://www.recode.net/2017/10/7/16363448/uber-lyft-driver-features-app\" target=\"_blank\">Recode listed\u003c/a> the initiatives Uber rolled out in 2017 in order to appeal to drivers, including 24-hour phone support, paid wait time and paying drivers if customers cancel after a certain amount of time.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Both Uber and Lyft have been fighting legal battles for years against initiatives to classify their drivers as \"employees\" instead of \"independent contractors\" — meaning drivers don't receive benefits like health care or sick leave.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Copyright 2018 NPR. To see more, visit http://www.npr.org/.\u003c/p>\n\n",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>The vast majority of Uber and Lyft drivers are earning less than minimum wage and almost a third of them are actually losing money by driving, according to researchers at the Massachusetts Institute of Technology.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"http://ceepr.mit.edu/files/papers/2018-005-Brief.pdf\" target=\"_blank\">A working paper\u003c/a> by Stephen M. Zoepf, Stella Chen, Paa Adu and Gonzalo Pozo at MIT's Center for Energy and Environmental Policy Research says the median pretax profit earned from driving is $3.37 per hour after taking expenses into account. Seventy-four percent of drivers earn less than their state's minimum wage, the researchers say.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Thirty percent of drivers \"are actually losing money once vehicle expenses are included,\" the authors found.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The conclusions are based on surveys of more than 1,100 drivers who told researchers about their revenue, how many miles they drove and what type of car they used. The study's authors then combined that with typical costs associated with a certain car's insurance, maintenance, gas and depreciation, which was gathered in data from Edmunds, Kelley Blue Book and the Environmental Protection Agency.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Drivers earning the median amount of revenue are getting $0.59 per mile driven, researchers say, but expenses work out to $0.30 per mile, meaning a driver makes a median profit of $0.29 for each mile.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>An Uber spokesperson responded to the finding in a \u003ca href=\"https://www.theguardian.com/technology/2018/mar/01/uber-lyft-driver-wages-median-report\" target=\"_blank\">statement to The Guardian:\u003c/a>\u003c/p>\n\u003cblockquote>\n\u003cp>\"While the paper is certainly attention grabbing, its methodology and findings are deeply flawed. We've reached out to the paper's authors to share our concerns and suggest ways we might work together to refine their approach.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003c/blockquote>\n\u003cp>The newspaper also noted, \"Other \u003ca href=\"https://web.stanford.edu/~diamondr/UberPayGap.pdf\" target=\"_blank\">studies\u003c/a> and \u003ca href=\"https://therideshareguy.com/2018-uber-and-lyft-driver-survey-results-the-rideshare-guy/\" target=\"_blank\">surveys\u003c/a> have found higher hourly earnings for Uber drivers, in part because there are numerous ways to report income and to calculate costs and time and miles spent on the job.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>MIT authors also calculated that it's possible for billions of dollars in driver profits to be untaxed because \"nearly half of drivers can declare a loss on their taxes.\" Drivers are able to use the IRS standard mileage rate deduction to write off some of the costs of using a car for business. In 2016, that number was \u003ca href=\"https://www.irs.gov/tax-professionals/standard-mileage-rates\" target=\"_blank\">$0.54 per mile.\u003c/a> \"Because of this deduction, most ride-hailing drivers are able to declare profits that are substantially lower,\" researchers write.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"If drivers are fully able to capitalize on these losses for tax purposes, 73.5% of an estimated U.S. market $4.8B in annual ride-hailing driver profit is untaxed,\" they add.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>According to MIT researchers, 80 percent of drivers said they work less than 40 hours per week. An NPR/Marist poll in January found that 1 in 5 jobs in the U.S. is \u003ca href=\"https://www.npr.org/series/579833363/the-rise-of-the-contract-workers\" target=\"_blank\">held by a contract worker;\u003c/a> contractors often juggle multiple part-time jobs.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Uber and Lyft both have \u003ca href=\"https://www.npr.org/2017/12/11/569462645/in-effort-to-court-drivers-lyft-offering-education-discounts\" target=\"_blank\">\"notoriously high\"\u003c/a> turnover rates among drivers. A report last year said just \u003ca href=\"https://www.cnbc.com/2017/04/20/only-4-percent-of-uber-drivers-remain-after-a-year-says-report.html\">4 percent\u003c/a> of Uber drivers work for the company for at least a year.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>NPR's \u003ca href=\"https://www.npr.org/2017/12/11/569462645/in-effort-to-court-drivers-lyft-offering-education-discounts\" target=\"_blank\">Aarti Shahani reported\u003c/a> in December that Lyft began a program to give drivers \"access to discounted GED and college courses online\" in a recruiting effort.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>It was only last year that Uber introduced the option to tip drivers into its app for customers. \u003ca href=\"https://www.recode.net/2017/10/7/16363448/uber-lyft-driver-features-app\" target=\"_blank\">Recode listed\u003c/a> the initiatives Uber rolled out in 2017 in order to appeal to drivers, including 24-hour phone support, paid wait time and paying drivers if customers cancel after a certain amount of time.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Both Uber and Lyft have been fighting legal battles for years against initiatives to classify their drivers as \"employees\" instead of \"independent contractors\" — meaning drivers don't receive benefits like health care or sick leave.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Copyright 2018 NPR. To see more, visit http://www.npr.org/.\u003c/p>\n\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>",
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"content": "\u003cp>Equifax has disclosed that an additional 2.4 million people were impacted by a massive cybersecurity breach last year, bringing the total to about 148 million people.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The credit reporting agency \u003ca href=\"https://investor.equifax.com/news-and-events/news/2018/03-01-2018-140531340\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">says that the new consumers\u003c/a> were identified during forensic examination of the breach. They were previously unidentified, the company says, because their social security numbers were not stolen.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Their names and some of their driver’s license information was taken, however. According to the company, “in the vast majority of cases, it did not include consumers’ home addresses, or their respective driver’s license states, dates of issuance, or expiration dates.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Equifax says it will directly notify these 2.4 million newly identified people, “and will offer identity theft protection and credit file monitoring services at no cost to them.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The company has struggled to rebuild public trust after the revelation of the breach and what is widely perceived as a bungled response.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>For example, after the cyberattack, several times the company’s official Twitter account mistakenly directed worried customers \u003ca href=\"https://www.npr.org/sections/thetwo-way/2017/09/21/552681357/after-massive-data-breach-equifax-directed-customers-to-fake-site\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">to a fake phishing site\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Lawmakers also have been highly critical of the company’s response, and Thursday’s revelation is prompting new scrutiny.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Some lawmakers say the company has delayed and given only partial responses to questions related to a House Commerce Committee Investigation,” NPR’s Chris Arnold told our Newscast unit. “They are now requesting a briefing from a company Equifax hired to do its own investigation of the breach.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Last week Democrats from the House Committee on Oversight and Government Reform \u003ca href=\"https://democrats-oversight.house.gov/sites/democrats.oversight.house.gov/files/2018-02-20.OGR%20Dems%20to%20Barros-Equifax%20re%20Credit%20Protection.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">pressed Equifax to extend\u003c/a> their free identity theft protection and credit file monitoring \u003ca href=\"https://www.equifaxsecurity2017.com/consumer-notice/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">from one year\u003c/a> to three.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Given the sensitive nature of the personal information that was stolen — and the ability of criminals to store and use that information for years to come — we believe that the millions of U.S. consumers whose personal information was compromised in the Equifax data breach should receive the most robust form of credit protection and identity theft services available,” says the letter to Paulino Barros, Equifax’s interim CEO.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>As NPR’s Colin Dwyer reported \u003ca href=\"https://www.npr.org/sections/thetwo-way/2017/09/07/549296359/hackers-accessed-the-personal-data-of-143-million-people-equifax-says\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">when the breach was first disclosed\u003c/a>, “the number of American consumers affected constitutes about 44 percent of the U.S. population.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But there’s good reason to think that many of those impacted may not be aware of it. A new survey from CreditCards.com found that 50 percent of adults surveyed have not checked their credit scores and reports \u003ca href=\"https://www.creditcards.com/credit-card-news/equifax-data-breach-cellphone-survey.php\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">since the breach\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>And “twenty percent of all respondents have heard little or nothing about the Equifax breach, including 46 percent of those aged 18-37,” according to the survey results.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Worried your data has been exposed? NPR’s Yuki Noguchi put together this \u003ca href=\"https://www.npr.org/2017/09/14/550949718/after-equifax-data-breach-consumers-are-largely-on-their-own\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">set of tips\u003c/a> for protecting yourself.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Copyright 2018 NPR. To see more, visit http://www.npr.org/.\u003c/p>\n\n",
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"excerpt": "This announcement brings the total number impacted by the massive hack to about 148 million people and renews lawmakers' scrutiny of the company's response to the data theft.",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>Equifax has disclosed that an additional 2.4 million people were impacted by a massive cybersecurity breach last year, bringing the total to about 148 million people.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The credit reporting agency \u003ca href=\"https://investor.equifax.com/news-and-events/news/2018/03-01-2018-140531340\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">says that the new consumers\u003c/a> were identified during forensic examination of the breach. They were previously unidentified, the company says, because their social security numbers were not stolen.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Their names and some of their driver’s license information was taken, however. According to the company, “in the vast majority of cases, it did not include consumers’ home addresses, or their respective driver’s license states, dates of issuance, or expiration dates.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Equifax says it will directly notify these 2.4 million newly identified people, “and will offer identity theft protection and credit file monitoring services at no cost to them.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The company has struggled to rebuild public trust after the revelation of the breach and what is widely perceived as a bungled response.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>For example, after the cyberattack, several times the company’s official Twitter account mistakenly directed worried customers \u003ca href=\"https://www.npr.org/sections/thetwo-way/2017/09/21/552681357/after-massive-data-breach-equifax-directed-customers-to-fake-site\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">to a fake phishing site\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Lawmakers also have been highly critical of the company’s response, and Thursday’s revelation is prompting new scrutiny.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Some lawmakers say the company has delayed and given only partial responses to questions related to a House Commerce Committee Investigation,” NPR’s Chris Arnold told our Newscast unit. “They are now requesting a briefing from a company Equifax hired to do its own investigation of the breach.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Last week Democrats from the House Committee on Oversight and Government Reform \u003ca href=\"https://democrats-oversight.house.gov/sites/democrats.oversight.house.gov/files/2018-02-20.OGR%20Dems%20to%20Barros-Equifax%20re%20Credit%20Protection.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">pressed Equifax to extend\u003c/a> their free identity theft protection and credit file monitoring \u003ca href=\"https://www.equifaxsecurity2017.com/consumer-notice/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">from one year\u003c/a> to three.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Given the sensitive nature of the personal information that was stolen — and the ability of criminals to store and use that information for years to come — we believe that the millions of U.S. consumers whose personal information was compromised in the Equifax data breach should receive the most robust form of credit protection and identity theft services available,” says the letter to Paulino Barros, Equifax’s interim CEO.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>As NPR’s Colin Dwyer reported \u003ca href=\"https://www.npr.org/sections/thetwo-way/2017/09/07/549296359/hackers-accessed-the-personal-data-of-143-million-people-equifax-says\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">when the breach was first disclosed\u003c/a>, “the number of American consumers affected constitutes about 44 percent of the U.S. population.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But there’s good reason to think that many of those impacted may not be aware of it. A new survey from CreditCards.com found that 50 percent of adults surveyed have not checked their credit scores and reports \u003ca href=\"https://www.creditcards.com/credit-card-news/equifax-data-breach-cellphone-survey.php\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">since the breach\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>And “twenty percent of all respondents have heard little or nothing about the Equifax breach, including 46 percent of those aged 18-37,” according to the survey results.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Worried your data has been exposed? NPR’s Yuki Noguchi put together this \u003ca href=\"https://www.npr.org/2017/09/14/550949718/after-equifax-data-breach-consumers-are-largely-on-their-own\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">set of tips\u003c/a> for protecting yourself.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Copyright 2018 NPR. To see more, visit http://www.npr.org/.\u003c/p>\n\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>",
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"content": "\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Updated March 1 at 9:40 a.m.\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Walmart and Dick’s Sporting Goods said Wednesday they won’t sell guns to customers under 21, and both are putting new restrictions on ammunition sales.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Kroger Co. announced Thursday that its Fred Meyer stores would also stop selling guns and ammunition to people under age 21.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Dick’s Sporting Goods, one of the largest sports retailers in the U.S., announced it is immediately ending its sales of military-style semi-automatic rifles and is requiring all customers to be older than 21 to buy a firearm at its stores. Additionally, the company no longer will sell high-capacity magazines. \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Walmart, which ended sales of modern sporting rifles such as AR-15s in 2015, has \u003ca href=\"https://news.walmart.com/2018/02/28/walmart-statement-on-firearms-policy\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">announced \u003c/a>that it is raising the minimum age for purchasing firearms and ammunition from 18 to 21. The company notes that it does not sell bump stocks, high-capacity magazines and similar accessories.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Walmart is also removing items from its website “resembling assault-style rifles, including nonlethal airsoft guns and toys” —\u003cbr>\n like the air gun Tamir Rice \u003ca href=\"https://www.npr.org/2015/11/20/456626171/for-family-of-tamir-rice-an-inauspicious-anniversary\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">was playing with\u003c/a> when he was shot by a Cleveland police officer who thought the 12-year-old was armed. \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Dick’s Sporting Goods CEO Ed Stack announced the firm’s decision on ABC’s “Good Morning America” on Wednesday, the same day that survivors of the shooting at Marjory Stoneman Douglas High School \u003ca href=\"https://www.npr.org/2018/02/28/589355178/stoneman-douglas-students-head-back-to-school\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">returned to class\u003c/a>. Stack said the 19-year-old gunman allegedly behind that massacre, which claimed 17 lives and wounded many more in Parkland, Fla., had purchased a firearm from the retailer last November.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>While that the weapon — a shotgun — was not used in the shooting, the CEO said the revelation deeply affected Stack and his colleagues at Dick’s.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“We did everything by the book. We did everything that the law required, and still he was able to buy a gun,” Stack said. “When we looked at that, we said the systems that are in place across the board just aren’t effective enough to keep us from selling a gun like that.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“And so we’ve decided we’re not going to sell the assault-type rifles any longer.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>https://twitter.com/DICKS/status/968830988246765568\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The company, which operates more than 715 locations, already had pulled assault-style weapons from Dick’s stores after the 2012 Sandy Hook shooting; now it will also stop selling the weapons at its subsidiary Field & Stream stores.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Stack said the decision to eliminate assault-style rifles is permanent.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Our thoughts and prayers are with all of the victims and their loved ones,” the company said in a \u003ca href=\"http://pressroom.dicks.com/press-information/media-statements.aspx?camp=sns::20180227:CS2015:am:end:&utm_medium=Social%20DSG&utm_source=&utm_campaign=CS2015&utm_term=&utm_content=20180227\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">statement issued\u003c/a> Wednesday. “But thoughts and prayers are not enough. We have tremendous respect and admiration for the students organizing and making their voices heard regarding gun violence in schools and elsewhere in our country.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“We have heard you. The nation has heard you. … The systems in place are not effective to protect our kids and our citizens.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The statement asserted the company’s support for the Second Amendment but continued, “we have to help solve the problem that’s in front of us. Gun violence is an epidemic.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In addition to changing its own policies, the company issued a plea to elected officials to enact “common-sense gun reform,” specifically calling for the following regulations:\u003c/p>\n\u003cul>\n\u003cli>Ban assault-style firearms\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>Raise the minimum age to purchase firearms to 21\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>Ban high-capacity magazines, as well as bump stocks — gun accessories that allow semi-automatic rifles to operate like fully automatic weapons\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>Require universal background checks that include relevant mental health information and previous interactions with the law\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>Ensure a complete universal database of those banned from buying firearms\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>Close the private sale and gun show loopholes that waive background checks\u003c/li>\n\u003c/ul>\n\u003cp>With their moves, Dick’s and Walmart join a host of major companies that made changes in reaction to the Parkland shooting. As \u003ca href=\"https://www.npr.org/sections/thetwo-way/2018/02/23/588233273/one-by-one-companies-cut-ties-with-nra\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">NPR’s Amy Held reported\u003c/a> last week, many other high-profile companies — from MetLife Insurance and First National Bank of Omaha to Symantec and Hertz — have ended their corporate partnerships with the National Rifle Association.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Those moves have not been without controversy.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Earlier this week, for instance, Georgia Lt. Gov. Casey Cagle threatened to “\u003ca href=\"https://www.npr.org/sections/thetwo-way/2018/02/27/589047224/georgias-lt-gov-threatens-to-kill-tax-break-for-delta-airlines-amid-nra-spat\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">kill any tax legislation\u003c/a> that benefits” Delta Air Lines after the company ended its own relationship with the NRA. Delta, which is based in Atlanta, had announced two days earlier that “we will be requesting that the NRA remove our information from their website” — a decision Cagle described as an attack on conservatives.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Asked about the potential for pushback among gun rights advocates, Stack acknowledged the move “isn’t going to make everyone happy. But when we look at what those kids and the parents and the heroes in the school, what they did, our view was: If the kids can be brave enough to organize like this, we can be brave enough to get these [firearms] out of here.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“We’re staunch supporters of the Second Amendment,” he added. “I’m a gun owner myself. We’ve just decided that based on what’s happened and with these guns, we don’t want to be part of this story.” \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Copyright 2018 NPR. To see more, visit http://www.npr.org/.\u003c/p>\n\n",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Updated March 1 at 9:40 a.m.\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Walmart and Dick’s Sporting Goods said Wednesday they won’t sell guns to customers under 21, and both are putting new restrictions on ammunition sales.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Kroger Co. announced Thursday that its Fred Meyer stores would also stop selling guns and ammunition to people under age 21.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Dick’s Sporting Goods, one of the largest sports retailers in the U.S., announced it is immediately ending its sales of military-style semi-automatic rifles and is requiring all customers to be older than 21 to buy a firearm at its stores. Additionally, the company no longer will sell high-capacity magazines. \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Walmart, which ended sales of modern sporting rifles such as AR-15s in 2015, has \u003ca href=\"https://news.walmart.com/2018/02/28/walmart-statement-on-firearms-policy\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">announced \u003c/a>that it is raising the minimum age for purchasing firearms and ammunition from 18 to 21. The company notes that it does not sell bump stocks, high-capacity magazines and similar accessories.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Walmart is also removing items from its website “resembling assault-style rifles, including nonlethal airsoft guns and toys” —\u003cbr>\n like the air gun Tamir Rice \u003ca href=\"https://www.npr.org/2015/11/20/456626171/for-family-of-tamir-rice-an-inauspicious-anniversary\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">was playing with\u003c/a> when he was shot by a Cleveland police officer who thought the 12-year-old was armed. \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Dick’s Sporting Goods CEO Ed Stack announced the firm’s decision on ABC’s “Good Morning America” on Wednesday, the same day that survivors of the shooting at Marjory Stoneman Douglas High School \u003ca href=\"https://www.npr.org/2018/02/28/589355178/stoneman-douglas-students-head-back-to-school\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">returned to class\u003c/a>. Stack said the 19-year-old gunman allegedly behind that massacre, which claimed 17 lives and wounded many more in Parkland, Fla., had purchased a firearm from the retailer last November.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>While that the weapon — a shotgun — was not used in the shooting, the CEO said the revelation deeply affected Stack and his colleagues at Dick’s.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“We did everything by the book. We did everything that the law required, and still he was able to buy a gun,” Stack said. “When we looked at that, we said the systems that are in place across the board just aren’t effective enough to keep us from selling a gun like that.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“And so we’ve decided we’re not going to sell the assault-type rifles any longer.”\u003c/p>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\n\u003cp>The company, which operates more than 715 locations, already had pulled assault-style weapons from Dick’s stores after the 2012 Sandy Hook shooting; now it will also stop selling the weapons at its subsidiary Field & Stream stores.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Stack said the decision to eliminate assault-style rifles is permanent.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Our thoughts and prayers are with all of the victims and their loved ones,” the company said in a \u003ca href=\"http://pressroom.dicks.com/press-information/media-statements.aspx?camp=sns::20180227:CS2015:am:end:&utm_medium=Social%20DSG&utm_source=&utm_campaign=CS2015&utm_term=&utm_content=20180227\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">statement issued\u003c/a> Wednesday. “But thoughts and prayers are not enough. We have tremendous respect and admiration for the students organizing and making their voices heard regarding gun violence in schools and elsewhere in our country.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“We have heard you. The nation has heard you. … The systems in place are not effective to protect our kids and our citizens.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The statement asserted the company’s support for the Second Amendment but continued, “we have to help solve the problem that’s in front of us. Gun violence is an epidemic.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In addition to changing its own policies, the company issued a plea to elected officials to enact “common-sense gun reform,” specifically calling for the following regulations:\u003c/p>\n\u003cul>\n\u003cli>Ban assault-style firearms\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>Raise the minimum age to purchase firearms to 21\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>Ban high-capacity magazines, as well as bump stocks — gun accessories that allow semi-automatic rifles to operate like fully automatic weapons\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>Require universal background checks that include relevant mental health information and previous interactions with the law\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>Ensure a complete universal database of those banned from buying firearms\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>Close the private sale and gun show loopholes that waive background checks\u003c/li>\n\u003c/ul>\n\u003cp>With their moves, Dick’s and Walmart join a host of major companies that made changes in reaction to the Parkland shooting. As \u003ca href=\"https://www.npr.org/sections/thetwo-way/2018/02/23/588233273/one-by-one-companies-cut-ties-with-nra\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">NPR’s Amy Held reported\u003c/a> last week, many other high-profile companies — from MetLife Insurance and First National Bank of Omaha to Symantec and Hertz — have ended their corporate partnerships with the National Rifle Association.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Those moves have not been without controversy.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Earlier this week, for instance, Georgia Lt. Gov. Casey Cagle threatened to “\u003ca href=\"https://www.npr.org/sections/thetwo-way/2018/02/27/589047224/georgias-lt-gov-threatens-to-kill-tax-break-for-delta-airlines-amid-nra-spat\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">kill any tax legislation\u003c/a> that benefits” Delta Air Lines after the company ended its own relationship with the NRA. Delta, which is based in Atlanta, had announced two days earlier that “we will be requesting that the NRA remove our information from their website” — a decision Cagle described as an attack on conservatives.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Asked about the potential for pushback among gun rights advocates, Stack acknowledged the move “isn’t going to make everyone happy. But when we look at what those kids and the parents and the heroes in the school, what they did, our view was: If the kids can be brave enough to organize like this, we can be brave enough to get these [firearms] out of here.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“We’re staunch supporters of the Second Amendment,” he added. “I’m a gun owner myself. We’ve just decided that based on what’s happened and with these guns, we don’t want to be part of this story.” \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Copyright 2018 NPR. To see more, visit http://www.npr.org/.\u003c/p>\n\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>",
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"disqusTitle": "Unions Prepare to Lose in the Courthouse and Strike Back in the Statehouse",
"title": "Unions Prepare to Lose in the Courthouse and Strike Back in the Statehouse",
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"content": "\u003cp>The U.S. Supreme Court has yet to weigh in on a high-profile case that could slash the power of public-employee unions. But California labor leaders are already planning to push for new state laws to blunt the impact of an unfavorable ruling.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The \u003ca href=\"http://www.scotusblog.com/case-files/cases/janus-v-american-federation-state-county-municipal-employees-council-31/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">case\u003c/a> argued before the court Monday, Janus v. American Federation of State, County and Municipal Employees, challenges whether public-employee unions can collect fees from workers who choose not to join the union. California is one of several states that allow unions to collect “fair share fees” from workers who benefit from services such as contract negotiations but don’t want to pay for their union’s political activity.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[contextly_sidebar id=\"VdcviHQzX9RpOQem0IbR3txGML6g9hu0\"]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Plaintiff Mark Janus, a state child support specialist in Illinois, contends that all union activity is political when the workers’ boss is the government. He argues that requiring him to pay the fee infringes on his constitutional rights to free speech and association by essentially forcing him to support a group that advocates \u003ca href=\"https://www.vox.com/policy-and-politics/2018/2/26/17053328/janus-afscme-supreme-court-unions-minorities\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">positions\u003c/a> with which he disagrees—in particular, its push for boosting worker salaries in a state facing a budget crisis after reportedly mismanaging its pension program.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>AFSCME, the nation’s largest union for government workers, argues that without the fees workers would get a “free ride,” enjoying job protections the union secures without paying the associated cost. In a friend-of-the-court \u003ca href=\"https://www.supremecourt.gov/DocketPDF/16/16-1466/28475/20180119135931353_16-1466bsacStateOfCalifornia.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">brief\u003c/a> on behalf of California, the state’s Democratic attorney general, Xavier Becerra, argues that changing the status quo would unnecessarily disrupt California’s dealings with its public-employee unions.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The court is likely to rule this spring, and given its conservative majority, many observers expect the unions to lose. That would slash the amount of money public-employee unions can collect from their workers—and, over time, could shrink membership. Those changes would shake up politics in California, where organized labor has long enjoyed enormous clout in a state dominated by Democrats. The Janus case is backed by a network of \u003ca href=\"https://www.nytimes.com/2018/02/25/business/economy/labor-court-conservatives.html\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">conservative groups\u003c/a> whose funders also support Republican candidates.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cimg class=\"aligncenter size-full wp-image-11652576\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2018/02/LABOR-POWER-graphic.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"550\" height=\"730\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2018/02/LABOR-POWER-graphic.jpg 550w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2018/02/LABOR-POWER-graphic-160x212.jpg 160w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2018/02/LABOR-POWER-graphic-240x319.jpg 240w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2018/02/LABOR-POWER-graphic-375x498.jpg 375w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2018/02/LABOR-POWER-graphic-520x690.jpg 520w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 550px) 100vw, 550px\">\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“The threat to organized labor is a threat to all of us, in particular to the Democratic Party,” Alma Hernandez, executive director of the Service Employees International Union in California, said to a roomful of union activists at the California Democratic Party convention. The mood was a mix of doom and defiance.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“And make no mistake about it, brothers and sisters, they’re coming after us.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Predicting they will lose in the courthouse, California union leaders have begun fighting back in the statehouse. Last year, they successfully lobbied for \u003ca href=\"http://www.sacbee.com/news/politics-government/the-state-worker/article156146364.html\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">a new state law\u003c/a> that requires government workers, upon being hired, to go through an orientation session with union representatives.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“That is going to be a great boost to allow us to at least access the people and ask them to join,” said Dave Low, executive director of the California School Employees Association.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Once Janus is decided, and we feel very much that it is going to be decided against us, we will be moving other legislation.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The legislation is in early conceptual stages and it’s too soon to say whether, if approved, it would cover all unions or just those in the public sector. But union-backed bills under consideration, Low said, include:\u003c/p>\n\u003cul>\n\u003cli>giving union members “release time” from their jobs so they can recruit other workers to join the union\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>shielding union members’ contact information from the public to make it harder for anti-union groups to reach them\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>allowing unions to charge nonmembers who use services such as arbitration or a labor representative to help them through a disciplinary process\u003c/li>\n\u003c/ul>\n\u003cp>Taxpayer advocates would likely oppose bills that would shield contact information or give union members release time from work, said Jon Coupal, president of the Howard Jarvis Taxpayers Association. But overall, he said, a court ruling in favor of Janus could relieve some pressure on California taxpayers.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“It will perhaps result in our elected officials being able to pursue policies that have more the public in mind, and not just the public employees,” Coupal said. “They will be less likely to cave to public employees in collective bargaining in terms of salary and compensation.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[contextly_sidebar id=\"n4HDBFCJzFBTcBLv3Aqd6fDCSFqj7Aej\"]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Labor unions are a major influence in California’s Capitol, spending money to help elect Democrats and then lobbying them to pass new laws. In just the past few years, unions here have successfully advocated for laws granting overtime to farmworkers, making paid sick days mandatory and increasing the state’s minimum wage to $15 an hour. Labor has shaped many other decisions in the Capitol, from which \u003ca href=\"https://calmatters.org/articles/tesla-troubles-can-california-impose-blue-values-green-economy/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">car companies\u003c/a> can get electric-vehicle rebates to how much money school districts can hold in reserves.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>That kind of influence is costly. Labor unions spent at least $16.3 million lobbying the California Legislature last year and, according to the National Institute on Money in State Politics, more than $123 million on California political campaigns in the last election cycle—money that comes from dues paid by union members.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>About 2.5 million public- and private-sector workers in California are union members, according to the California Labor Federation, and another 110,000 government workers here pay fair-share fees to unions they choose not to join.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>An unfavorable ruling from the Supreme Court could diminish union membership in California by between 5 and 30 percent, depending on what other laws are in place, predicted California Labor Federation spokesman Steve Smith. It’s unlikely to strike an immediate blow to how much unions spend on political campaigns in California this year, he said, though it could have some impact. The real change will be felt over time: If the ruling leads to a decline in membership, unions will have less money to spend on politics.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“If we have less money as labor, we’re going to be spending less money on Democratic candidates, we’re going to be spending less money on things like ballot initiatives,” said Jessica Ulstad, political field director for the California Federation of Teachers.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“We will all have to look at our budgets and say, ‘What is it that we absolutely are going to spend money on, and what are we not going to be able to do any more?’ ”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad floatright]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>CALmatters.org is a nonprofit, nonpartisan media venture explaining California’s policies and politics\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\n",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>The U.S. Supreme Court has yet to weigh in on a high-profile case that could slash the power of public-employee unions. But California labor leaders are already planning to push for new state laws to blunt the impact of an unfavorable ruling.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The \u003ca href=\"http://www.scotusblog.com/case-files/cases/janus-v-american-federation-state-county-municipal-employees-council-31/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">case\u003c/a> argued before the court Monday, Janus v. American Federation of State, County and Municipal Employees, challenges whether public-employee unions can collect fees from workers who choose not to join the union. California is one of several states that allow unions to collect “fair share fees” from workers who benefit from services such as contract negotiations but don’t want to pay for their union’s political activity.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Plaintiff Mark Janus, a state child support specialist in Illinois, contends that all union activity is political when the workers’ boss is the government. He argues that requiring him to pay the fee infringes on his constitutional rights to free speech and association by essentially forcing him to support a group that advocates \u003ca href=\"https://www.vox.com/policy-and-politics/2018/2/26/17053328/janus-afscme-supreme-court-unions-minorities\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">positions\u003c/a> with which he disagrees—in particular, its push for boosting worker salaries in a state facing a budget crisis after reportedly mismanaging its pension program.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>AFSCME, the nation’s largest union for government workers, argues that without the fees workers would get a “free ride,” enjoying job protections the union secures without paying the associated cost. In a friend-of-the-court \u003ca href=\"https://www.supremecourt.gov/DocketPDF/16/16-1466/28475/20180119135931353_16-1466bsacStateOfCalifornia.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">brief\u003c/a> on behalf of California, the state’s Democratic attorney general, Xavier Becerra, argues that changing the status quo would unnecessarily disrupt California’s dealings with its public-employee unions.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The court is likely to rule this spring, and given its conservative majority, many observers expect the unions to lose. That would slash the amount of money public-employee unions can collect from their workers—and, over time, could shrink membership. Those changes would shake up politics in California, where organized labor has long enjoyed enormous clout in a state dominated by Democrats. The Janus case is backed by a network of \u003ca href=\"https://www.nytimes.com/2018/02/25/business/economy/labor-court-conservatives.html\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">conservative groups\u003c/a> whose funders also support Republican candidates.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cimg class=\"aligncenter size-full wp-image-11652576\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2018/02/LABOR-POWER-graphic.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"550\" height=\"730\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2018/02/LABOR-POWER-graphic.jpg 550w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2018/02/LABOR-POWER-graphic-160x212.jpg 160w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2018/02/LABOR-POWER-graphic-240x319.jpg 240w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2018/02/LABOR-POWER-graphic-375x498.jpg 375w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2018/02/LABOR-POWER-graphic-520x690.jpg 520w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 550px) 100vw, 550px\">\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“The threat to organized labor is a threat to all of us, in particular to the Democratic Party,” Alma Hernandez, executive director of the Service Employees International Union in California, said to a roomful of union activists at the California Democratic Party convention. The mood was a mix of doom and defiance.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“And make no mistake about it, brothers and sisters, they’re coming after us.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Predicting they will lose in the courthouse, California union leaders have begun fighting back in the statehouse. Last year, they successfully lobbied for \u003ca href=\"http://www.sacbee.com/news/politics-government/the-state-worker/article156146364.html\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">a new state law\u003c/a> that requires government workers, upon being hired, to go through an orientation session with union representatives.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“That is going to be a great boost to allow us to at least access the people and ask them to join,” said Dave Low, executive director of the California School Employees Association.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Once Janus is decided, and we feel very much that it is going to be decided against us, we will be moving other legislation.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The legislation is in early conceptual stages and it’s too soon to say whether, if approved, it would cover all unions or just those in the public sector. But union-backed bills under consideration, Low said, include:\u003c/p>\n\u003cul>\n\u003cli>giving union members “release time” from their jobs so they can recruit other workers to join the union\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>shielding union members’ contact information from the public to make it harder for anti-union groups to reach them\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>allowing unions to charge nonmembers who use services such as arbitration or a labor representative to help them through a disciplinary process\u003c/li>\n\u003c/ul>\n\u003cp>Taxpayer advocates would likely oppose bills that would shield contact information or give union members release time from work, said Jon Coupal, president of the Howard Jarvis Taxpayers Association. But overall, he said, a court ruling in favor of Janus could relieve some pressure on California taxpayers.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“It will perhaps result in our elected officials being able to pursue policies that have more the public in mind, and not just the public employees,” Coupal said. “They will be less likely to cave to public employees in collective bargaining in terms of salary and compensation.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Labor unions are a major influence in California’s Capitol, spending money to help elect Democrats and then lobbying them to pass new laws. In just the past few years, unions here have successfully advocated for laws granting overtime to farmworkers, making paid sick days mandatory and increasing the state’s minimum wage to $15 an hour. Labor has shaped many other decisions in the Capitol, from which \u003ca href=\"https://calmatters.org/articles/tesla-troubles-can-california-impose-blue-values-green-economy/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">car companies\u003c/a> can get electric-vehicle rebates to how much money school districts can hold in reserves.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>That kind of influence is costly. Labor unions spent at least $16.3 million lobbying the California Legislature last year and, according to the National Institute on Money in State Politics, more than $123 million on California political campaigns in the last election cycle—money that comes from dues paid by union members.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>About 2.5 million public- and private-sector workers in California are union members, according to the California Labor Federation, and another 110,000 government workers here pay fair-share fees to unions they choose not to join.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>An unfavorable ruling from the Supreme Court could diminish union membership in California by between 5 and 30 percent, depending on what other laws are in place, predicted California Labor Federation spokesman Steve Smith. It’s unlikely to strike an immediate blow to how much unions spend on political campaigns in California this year, he said, though it could have some impact. The real change will be felt over time: If the ruling leads to a decline in membership, unions will have less money to spend on politics.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“If we have less money as labor, we’re going to be spending less money on Democratic candidates, we’re going to be spending less money on things like ballot initiatives,” said Jessica Ulstad, political field director for the California Federation of Teachers.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“We will all have to look at our budgets and say, ‘What is it that we absolutely are going to spend money on, and what are we not going to be able to do any more?’ ”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cp>The Trump administration is tightening the rules for companies that contract out high-skilled workers who are in this country on H-1B visas.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The U.S. Citizenship and Immigration Services agency issued a new \u003ca href=\"https://www.uscis.gov/sites/default/files/USCIS/Laws/Memoranda/2018/2018-02-22-PM-602-0157-Contracts-and-Itineraries-Requirements-for-H-1B.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">policy memo\u003c/a> on Thursday that requires “detailed statements of work or work orders” about the work that will be performed when an H-1B visa worker is employed at a third-party work site. Employers will have to file more details that support the need for foreign talent.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>H-1B visas are controversial. American tech companies use them to hire highly skilled foreign workers, such as engineers, IT specialists, architects among others, in situations in which they say there is a shortage of U.S.-born talent. The visas are good for three years and renewable for another three-year term.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"http://www.wbur.org/bostonomix/2017/02/23/h1b-visas-debate\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Critics\u003c/a> of the visas — 85,000 of which are issued every year — say American workers are aced out of competition with workers who can be paid less.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>As CNN \u003ca href=\"http://money.cnn.com/2018/02/23/technology/h1b-visa-abuse/index.html\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">reports\u003c/a>, “Indian outsourcing firms will be the hardest hit. Indian workers receive more than 70% of all H-1B visas.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The USCIS memo says that if a visa beneficiary will be placed at one or more third-party worksites, the employer “has specific and non-speculative qualifying assignments in a specialty occupation for the beneficiary for the entire time requested in the petition; and the employer will maintain an employer-employee relationship with the beneficiary for the duration of the requested validity period.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The memo says USCIS recognizes that visa-holders may wind up earning less money than promised or might perform “non-specialty” jobs when they are contracted out to third-party worksites.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The policy change comes as the Trump administration has signaled its desire to change the visa program with a “Buy American, Hire American” policy outlined in an \u003ca href=\"https://www.uscis.gov/legal-resources/buy-american-hire-american-putting-american-workers-first\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">executive order\u003c/a> signed in April 2017. The order promised to root out fraud and abuse in the program.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>As the Mercury News \u003ca href=\"https://www.mercurynews.com/2018/02/23/trump-administration-announces-more-h-1b-restrictions/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">reports\u003c/a>, the H-1B program has come under intense federal scrutiny.\u003c/p>\n\u003cblockquote>\u003cp>“A Bay Area News Group \u003ca href=\"https://www.mercurynews.com/2018/02/20/h-1b-visas-how-the-trump-administration-is-freaking-people-out/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">report earlier this week\u003c/a> found a sharp rise in the number of reviews immigration officials were conducting on H-1B applications. From January to August 2017, the U.S. Citizenship and Immigration Services sent 85,265 requests for evidence in response to H-1B visa applications, a 45 percent increase compared to the same period a year earlier, agency data show. Such requests are made when an application is missing required documents or when the agency determines it needs more proof to decide if a worker is eligible for the visa. Immigration lawyers say the extra enforcement could discourage companies and individuals from seeking an H-1B visa in the first place.”\u003c/p>\u003c/blockquote>\n\u003cdiv class=\"fullattribution\">Copyright 2018 NPR. To see more, visit http://www.npr.org/.\u003cimg decoding=\"async\" src=\"https://www.google-analytics.com/__utm.gif?utmac=UA-5828686-4&utmdt=Trump+Administration+Restricts+H-1B+Worker+Visas+Coveted+By+High+Tech&utme=8(APIKey)9(MDAxOTAwOTE4MDEyMTkxMDAzNjczZDljZA004)\">\u003c/div>\n\n",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>The Trump administration is tightening the rules for companies that contract out high-skilled workers who are in this country on H-1B visas.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The U.S. Citizenship and Immigration Services agency issued a new \u003ca href=\"https://www.uscis.gov/sites/default/files/USCIS/Laws/Memoranda/2018/2018-02-22-PM-602-0157-Contracts-and-Itineraries-Requirements-for-H-1B.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">policy memo\u003c/a> on Thursday that requires “detailed statements of work or work orders” about the work that will be performed when an H-1B visa worker is employed at a third-party work site. Employers will have to file more details that support the need for foreign talent.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>H-1B visas are controversial. American tech companies use them to hire highly skilled foreign workers, such as engineers, IT specialists, architects among others, in situations in which they say there is a shortage of U.S.-born talent. The visas are good for three years and renewable for another three-year term.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"http://www.wbur.org/bostonomix/2017/02/23/h1b-visas-debate\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Critics\u003c/a> of the visas — 85,000 of which are issued every year — say American workers are aced out of competition with workers who can be paid less.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>As CNN \u003ca href=\"http://money.cnn.com/2018/02/23/technology/h1b-visa-abuse/index.html\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">reports\u003c/a>, “Indian outsourcing firms will be the hardest hit. Indian workers receive more than 70% of all H-1B visas.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The USCIS memo says that if a visa beneficiary will be placed at one or more third-party worksites, the employer “has specific and non-speculative qualifying assignments in a specialty occupation for the beneficiary for the entire time requested in the petition; and the employer will maintain an employer-employee relationship with the beneficiary for the duration of the requested validity period.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The memo says USCIS recognizes that visa-holders may wind up earning less money than promised or might perform “non-specialty” jobs when they are contracted out to third-party worksites.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The policy change comes as the Trump administration has signaled its desire to change the visa program with a “Buy American, Hire American” policy outlined in an \u003ca href=\"https://www.uscis.gov/legal-resources/buy-american-hire-american-putting-american-workers-first\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">executive order\u003c/a> signed in April 2017. The order promised to root out fraud and abuse in the program.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>As the Mercury News \u003ca href=\"https://www.mercurynews.com/2018/02/23/trump-administration-announces-more-h-1b-restrictions/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">reports\u003c/a>, the H-1B program has come under intense federal scrutiny.\u003c/p>\n\u003cblockquote>\u003cp>“A Bay Area News Group \u003ca href=\"https://www.mercurynews.com/2018/02/20/h-1b-visas-how-the-trump-administration-is-freaking-people-out/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">report earlier this week\u003c/a> found a sharp rise in the number of reviews immigration officials were conducting on H-1B applications. From January to August 2017, the U.S. Citizenship and Immigration Services sent 85,265 requests for evidence in response to H-1B visa applications, a 45 percent increase compared to the same period a year earlier, agency data show. Such requests are made when an application is missing required documents or when the agency determines it needs more proof to decide if a worker is eligible for the visa. Immigration lawyers say the extra enforcement could discourage companies and individuals from seeking an H-1B visa in the first place.”\u003c/p>\u003c/blockquote>\n\u003cdiv class=\"fullattribution\">Copyright 2018 NPR. To see more, visit http://www.npr.org/.\u003cimg decoding=\"async\" src=\"https://www.google-analytics.com/__utm.gif?utmac=UA-5828686-4&utmdt=Trump+Administration+Restricts+H-1B+Worker+Visas+Coveted+By+High+Tech&utme=8(APIKey)9(MDAxOTAwOTE4MDEyMTkxMDAzNjczZDljZA004)\">\u003c/div>\n\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>",
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"content": "\u003cp>\u003cstrong>\u003cem>Updated on Feb. 23 at 10:22 a.m. ET \u003c/em>\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>When Congress passed a sweeping tax overhaul last December, it lowered the corporate tax rate, and dozens of companies promised to share the good fortune with employees by offering raises or bonuses.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The Walt Disney Co. was among them, having logged a one-time windfall of $1.6 billion during its latest quarter, largely because of tax cuts. It announced to its workers in January that nonmanagement employees — about 125,000 workers in all — would receive a $1,000 bonus.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But the company has since added a caveat for some employees: The unions in the midst of contract negotiations must approve and ratify the company’s latest contract offer before the represented workers can see their bonus. [contextly_sidebar id=”2z2KcodMPg2noxelVm1A95Oe4YvDXzOZ”]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“I’ve seen the company do things that I think [are] wrong in the past. I’ve never seen them do something this outrageous,” says Eric Clinton, a veteran Disney World cast member in Orlando and president of the Unite Here Local 362.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The Service Trades Council Union, a six-union coalition representing 38,000 Disney World workers, says what the company is doing is also illegal. On Monday, the group filed a complaint with the National Labor Relations Board.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Wages and bonuses are part of our negotiation process,” Andrea Finger, a Disney spokeswoman, said in a statement. “We will continue to meet with the union to move toward a ratified agreement.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Disney’s bonus announcement came just as the unions were restarting contract negotiations. In December, 93 percent of union members rejected the theme park’s offer of a $200 signing bonus and a $1-an-hour raise over two years.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Ed Chambers, that union coalition’s president, said by tying the bonus to contract negotiations only for those union members, Disney is engaging in a kind of extortion.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“We are taking a position at the council [that] they’re two separate things: Give us the $1,000 bonus like everybody else; continue to bargain the contract,” he says.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Madeline Johnson, a ride operator at Disney’s Animal Kingdom, says from the moment the bonus was announced, she worried the company would try to use it as leverage over workers. Johnson voted against Disney’s most recent offer and says the company is retaliating against workers who voted “no.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“I just feel like I’m trying to be bribed and I feel discriminated against, because I don’t think it’s right that we have to go through this and be blackmailed into accepting something,” she says.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Johnson says she wants to hold out for a bigger raise, which she says is worth far more to her than a one-time bonus.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Not everyone agrees it’s worth holding out.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Maria Cornell, who works in a Disney store, says she had plans for her bonus. “As a matter of fact, I was going to buy my new glasses,” she says, but now those plans are on hold, because both the bonus and the contract remain in limbo.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Cornell says she thinks workers have little leverage to negotiate any more than what Disney is offering, and she wants to see a contract ratified.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“I just want to get it over with,” she says.\u003c/p>\n\u003cdiv class=\"fullattribution\">Copyright 2018 NPR. To see more, visit http://www.npr.org/.\u003cimg decoding=\"async\" src=\"https://www.google-analytics.com/__utm.gif?utmac=UA-5828686-4&utmdt=Disney+Says+Promised+Bonus+Depends+On+Workers+Signing+Wage+Contract&utme=8(APIKey)9(MDAxOTAwOTE4MDEyMTkxMDAzNjczZDljZA004)\">\u003c/div>\n\n",
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"info": "What kind of no sabo word is Hyphenación? For us, it’s about living within a hyphenation. Like being a third-gen Mexican-American from the Texas border now living that Bay Area Chicano life. Like Xorje! Each week we bring together a couple of hyphenated Latinos to talk all about personal life choices: family, careers, relationships, belonging … everything is on the table. ",
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"marketplace": {
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"info": "Our flagship program, helmed by Kai Ryssdal, examines what the day in money delivered, through stories, conversations, newsworthy numbers and more. Updated Monday through Friday at about 3:30 p.m. PT.",
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"mindshift": {
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"info": "The MindShift podcast explores the innovations in education that are shaping how kids learn. Hosts Ki Sung and Katrina Schwartz introduce listeners to educators, researchers, parents and students who are developing effective ways to improve how kids learn. We cover topics like how fed-up administrators are developing surprising tactics to deal with classroom disruptions; how listening to podcasts are helping kids develop reading skills; the consequences of overparenting; and why interdisciplinary learning can engage students on all ends of the traditional achievement spectrum. This podcast is part of the MindShift education site, a division of KQED News. KQED is an NPR/PBS member station based in San Francisco. You can also visit the MindShift website for episodes and supplemental blog posts or tweet us \u003ca href=\"https://twitter.com/MindShiftKQED\">@MindShiftKQED\u003c/a> or visit us at \u003ca href=\"/mindshift\">MindShift.KQED.org\u003c/a>",
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"order": 12
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"google": "https://podcasts.google.com/feed/aHR0cHM6Ly9mZWVkcy5tZWdhcGhvbmUuZm0vS1FJTkM1NzY0NjAwNDI5",
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"tagline": "Deeply-reported investigative journalism",
"info": "For decades, the process for how police police themselves has been inconsistent – if not opaque. In some states, like California, these proceedings were completely hidden. After a new police transparency law unsealed scores of internal affairs files, our reporters set out to examine these cases and the shadow world of police discipline. On Our Watch brings listeners into the rooms where officers are questioned and witnesses are interrogated to find out who this system is really protecting. Is it the officers, or the public they've sworn to serve?",
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"info": "Our weekly podcast explores how the media 'sausage' is made, casts an incisive eye on fluctuations in the marketplace of ideas, and examines threats to the freedom of information and expression in America and abroad. For one hour a week, the show tries to lift the veil from the process of \"making media,\" especially news media, because it's through that lens that we see the world and the world sees us",
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},
"perspectives": {
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"order": 14
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"info": "The economy explained. Imagine you could call up a friend and say, Meet me at the bar and tell me what's going on with the economy. Now imagine that's actually a fun evening.",
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"title": "Political Breakdown",
"tagline": "Politics from a personal perspective",
"info": "Political Breakdown is a new series that explores the political intersection of California and the nation. Each week hosts Scott Shafer and Marisa Lagos are joined with a new special guest to unpack politics -- with personality — and offer an insider’s glimpse at how politics happens.",
"airtime": "THU 6:30pm-7pm",
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"possible": {
"id": "possible",
"title": "Possible",
"info": "Possible is hosted by entrepreneur Reid Hoffman and writer Aria Finger. Together in Possible, Hoffman and Finger lead enlightening discussions about building a brighter collective future. The show features interviews with visionary guests like Trevor Noah, Sam Altman and Janette Sadik-Khan. Possible paints an optimistic portrait of the world we can create through science, policy, business, art and our shared humanity. It asks: What if everything goes right for once? How can we get there? Each episode also includes a short fiction story generated by advanced AI GPT-4, serving as a thought-provoking springboard to speculate how humanity could leverage technology for good.",
"airtime": "SUN 2pm",
"imageSrc": "https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/04/Possible-Podcast-Tile-360x360-1.jpg",
"officialWebsiteLink": "https://www.possible.fm/",
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"source": "Possible"
},
"link": "/radio/program/possible",
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"spotify": "https://open.spotify.com/show/730YpdUSNlMyPQwNnyjp4k"
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},
"pri-the-world": {
"id": "pri-the-world",
"title": "PRI's The World: Latest Edition",
"info": "Each weekday, host Marco Werman and his team of producers bring you the world's most interesting stories in an hour of radio that reminds us just how small our planet really is.",
"airtime": "MON-FRI 2pm-3pm",
"imageSrc": "https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/04/The-World-Podcast-Tile-360x360-1.jpg",
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},
"radiolab": {
"id": "radiolab",
"title": "Radiolab",
"info": "A two-time Peabody Award-winner, Radiolab is an investigation told through sounds and stories, and centered around one big idea. In the Radiolab world, information sounds like music and science and culture collide. Hosted by Jad Abumrad and Robert Krulwich, the show is designed for listeners who demand skepticism, but appreciate wonder. WNYC Studios is the producer of other leading podcasts including Freakonomics Radio, Death, Sex & Money, On the Media and many more.",
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},
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