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"disqusTitle": "Assessing the In-Your-Face Sexism of the 2016 Campaign",
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"headTitle": "Election 2016 | The California Report | KQED News",
"content": "\u003cp>The men parked their white work van on a patch of dirt down the road from the college where Hillary Clinton was set to give a major speech.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Then they attached a banner.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>It was almost as long as the van with bold red-and-black vinyl lettering.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"Trump that bitch,\" it said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>They waved and smiled, as people drove by.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The message wasn't subtle. It also wasn't an outlier. It's a slogan that's been found on T-shirts at many Trump rallies since \u003ca href=\"http://fortune.com/2016/04/25/trump-clinton-misogynistic-merch/\">at least March\u003c/a>. There are bumper stickers for sale with the slogan, even a \u003ca href=\"https://saucedistributor.com/trump-that-bitch-presidential-hot-sauce.html\">bottle of hot sauce\u003c/a>. (Clinton has said she \u003ca href=\"http://www.npr.org/sections/thesalt/2016/01/21/463858189/hillary-clintons-elixir-can-a-hot-pepper-a-day-boost-immunity\">carries hot sauce with her wherever she goes \u003c/a>because of the immune-boosting properties of hot peppers.)\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Perhaps it was inevitable that with the first female nominee of a major political party on the ballot, the race for president would have undercurrents of sexism. But what wasn't inevitable is just how out in the open it has been.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>It is nearly impossible to separate out everything underlying this moment in history. Would this type of vitriol be directed at \u003cem>any\u003c/em> woman trying to reach the highest office in the land? Or is there something unique about Clinton, who has been on the political stage disrupting norms and drawing ire from Republicans for decades? And what about her opponent? If Clinton were running against someone else, would this still be happening?\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>'Is this what we are teaching our little boys?'\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>How much responsibility does Donald Trump have to bear? For strategists aligned with the previous two Republican presidential nominees, quite a bit.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"I don't think that Jeb would have allowed that — or any of the other candidates,\" said Katie Packer, who was deputy campaign manager for Republican Mitt Romney in 2012.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Steve Schmidt, a senior adviser to John McCain's 2008 campaign, also blamed Trump.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"He's created a permissible environment for this,\" he said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Schmidt and Packer are not Trump fans. But they speak from the experience of being part of the rigors of campaigns with GOP nominees for president that both also ran against another candidate whose very presence on the ballot challenged a historical norm — Barack Obama.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Schmidt remembers a famous moment from 2008.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"There was anger,\" Schmidt said, \"and there was angst and, as Sen. Obama was moving towards election to the presidency, the crowds became angrier frankly at the end of the campaign.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>At one point, a woman stood up at and said, \"I can't trust Obama. I have read about him, and he's not, he's not, he's a -- he's an Arab.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>McCain stopped her.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>He \"stepped forward towards her, and he said, 'No ma'am,' \" Schmidt recalled.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>McCain went on, \"He's a decent family man, citizen, that I just happen to have disagreements with on fundamental issues, and that's what this campaign is all about.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>McCain never became beloved by the base the same way his running mate, Sarah Palin, did, and that was, in part, because of his willingness do things like that.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>This time around, perhaps unsurprisingly, there's been no moment like that — though there have been plenty of opportunity.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Packer points to pictures of parents standing with their children at rallies with a variety of shirts and signs describing Clinton in crude sexual terms.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"Is this what we are teaching our little boys?\" Packer asked. \"Is this what we're teaching these kids is an appropriate way to treat women that you don't agree with? And there hasn't been a peep from the campaign about this stuff being offensive. And, so, by not addressing it, they have encouraged it.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Those T-shirts aren't sold by the campaign — and the lowest-common denominator has a way of thriving on the periphery of all campaigns. But Packer and Schmidt argue Trump's own words have fostered sexism rather than tamping it down.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>The woman's card\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>For example, there was Trump accusing Clinton of playing the \"\u003ca href=\"http://www.npr.org/2016/04/27/475899411/3-things-to-know-about-the-woman-card-in-the-2016-election\">woman's card\u003c/a>.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"Well, I think the only card she has is the woman's card,\" Trump said in April during a victory speech after sweeping five primaries. \"She's got nothing else going on. And frankly, if Hillary Clinton were a man, I don't think she'd get 5 percent of the vote. The only thing she's got going is the women's vote. And the beautiful thing is that women don't like her, OK?\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>He doubled down on that, telling a crowd in Spokane, Washington, a couple of weeks later: \"If she didn't play the woman's card she would have no chance, I mean zero, of winning.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Clinton shrugged it off — and tried to use it to her advantage. \"If fighting for women's health care and paid family leave and equal pay is playing the woman card, then deal me in,\" she said in a \u003ca href=\"http://talkingpointsmemo.com/livewire/clinton-trump-woman-card-deal-me-in\">campaign video \u003c/a>after Trump's remarks.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"Deal me in\" became something of a call-and-response catch phrase for Clinton. The campaign even began selling a pink $5 \"Woman Card.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>'I just don't think she has a presidential look'\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Trump, who has made plenty of derogatory comments about women's appearances in this campaign, \u003ca href=\"http://www.businessinsider.com/donald-trump-hillary-clinton-presidential-look-2016-9\">said last month \u003c/a>of Clinton, \"I just don't think she has a presidential look. And you need a presidential look. You have to get the job done.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Asked directly about his comment that he didn't think Clinton \"has a presidential look\" during the first debate, Trump again said, \"She doesn't have the look,\" before immediately pivoting to talking about her \"stamina.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>'\u003cstrong>I wasn't impressed'\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Then there was the time, at a rally, where he was talking about the second debate, the town-hall style event where the candidates walked around on stage.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"She walks in front of me, you know, and when she walked in front of me, believe me, I wasn't impressed,\" he said to hoots and laughter from the crowd.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11143657\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 800px\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2016/10/gettyimages-615757104_wide-8f1552e2fa535c5b964571a50d86faa83a38ec21-e1477322871985.jpg\">\u003cimg class=\"size-medium wp-image-11143657\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2016/10/gettyimages-615757104_wide-8f1552e2fa535c5b964571a50d86faa83a38ec21-800x450.jpg\" alt=\"Hillary Clinton and Donald Trump walk off stage Wednesday after the third and final presidential debate at the University of Las Vegas in Las Vegas, Nev.\" width=\"800\" height=\"450\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Hillary Clinton and Donald Trump walk off stage Wednesday after the third and final presidential debate at the University of Las Vegas in Las Vegas, Nevada. \u003ccite>(Robyn Beck/AFP-Getty Images)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Clinton occasionally nods to her potential at making history, but she studiously avoids talking about the sexism directed at her. Instead she deflects, talking about sexism and chauvinism aimed at others.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Backlash with women\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Packer, who has made a specialty of helping Republicans better communicate with female voters, said women do notice Trump's language and recognize it.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"The kinds of women that Trump would need to win in a general election really recoil at that,\" Packer said, \"and it's the kind of thing that causes them to want to defend Hillary.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>And that has shown up in the polls. Since the first debate, and especially since the leaked audio of Trump bragging about groping and kissing women, Clinton's lead has expanded. It's been because of those very kinds of women — white, suburban, college-educated. It's why places like Pennsylvania, Colorado and New Hampshire have moved more strongly to her corner.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In 2008, when Clinton ran in the primary, there were certainly \u003cem>signs\u003c/em> of sexism. \"Saturday Night Live\" joked about a perceived double standard she seemed to face in the debates.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>And, if you wanted to, you could buy a pantsuit-wearing Hillary Clinton nutcracker. (Actually, it is \u003ca href=\"http://www.sears.com/eagleview-usa-hillary-clinton-political-novelty-nutcracker-2016/p-SPM8050066527?sid=IDx20110310x00001i&gclid=CjwKEAjw-abABRDquOTJi8qdojwSJABt1S1OsOSSTRBedURLf4Ki1jJ_3WtJVUDaffdHW8wd1P9cDxoCRBXw_wcB&gclsrc=aw.ds\" target=\"_blank\">back for 2016\u003c/a> with a longer suit jacket to match Clinton's new style).\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But this time — as she gets closer to that highest, hardest glass ceiling — it's even more out in the open, said Debbie Walsh, who heads the Center for American Women and Politics at Rutgers.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"It is ironic in so many ways,\" Walsh said, \"that the person that this woman is running against kind of is almost a caricature of this uber-masculine guy with just tremendous bravado.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>So maybe it was fitting that in the waning minutes of the final debate, as Clinton was answering a question about Social Security — and again getting in a dig at her opponent's taxes — Trump would interrupt.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"Such a nasty woman,\" he interjected.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad floatright]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Many female voters, especially millennials, scoff at the idea of supporting Clinton just because she's a woman, but moments like that have \u003ca href=\"http://fivethirtyeight.com/features/men-are-treating-2016-as-a-normal-election-women-arent/\">experts predicting \u003c/a>2016 could have a historically large gender gap — with women overwhelmingly supporting Clinton.\u003c/p>\n\u003cdiv class=\"fullattribution\">Copyright 2016 NPR. To see more, visit http://www.npr.org/.\u003cimg src=\"http://www.google-analytics.com/__utm.gif?utmac=UA-5828686-4&utmdt=Sexism+Is+Out+In+The+Open+In+The+2016+Campaign.+That+May+Have+Been+Inevitable&utme=8(APIKey)9(MDAxOTAwOTE4MDEyMTkxMDAzNjczZDljZA004)\">\u003c/div>\n\n",
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"excerpt": "With Hillary Clinton, the first woman to head a major party ticket on the ballot, it was always likely there'd be undercurrents of sexism. What's surprising is just how out in the open it has been.",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>The men parked their white work van on a patch of dirt down the road from the college where Hillary Clinton was set to give a major speech.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Then they attached a banner.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>It was almost as long as the van with bold red-and-black vinyl lettering.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"Trump that bitch,\" it said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>They waved and smiled, as people drove by.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The message wasn't subtle. It also wasn't an outlier. It's a slogan that's been found on T-shirts at many Trump rallies since \u003ca href=\"http://fortune.com/2016/04/25/trump-clinton-misogynistic-merch/\">at least March\u003c/a>. There are bumper stickers for sale with the slogan, even a \u003ca href=\"https://saucedistributor.com/trump-that-bitch-presidential-hot-sauce.html\">bottle of hot sauce\u003c/a>. (Clinton has said she \u003ca href=\"http://www.npr.org/sections/thesalt/2016/01/21/463858189/hillary-clintons-elixir-can-a-hot-pepper-a-day-boost-immunity\">carries hot sauce with her wherever she goes \u003c/a>because of the immune-boosting properties of hot peppers.)\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Perhaps it was inevitable that with the first female nominee of a major political party on the ballot, the race for president would have undercurrents of sexism. But what wasn't inevitable is just how out in the open it has been.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>It is nearly impossible to separate out everything underlying this moment in history. Would this type of vitriol be directed at \u003cem>any\u003c/em> woman trying to reach the highest office in the land? Or is there something unique about Clinton, who has been on the political stage disrupting norms and drawing ire from Republicans for decades? And what about her opponent? If Clinton were running against someone else, would this still be happening?\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>'Is this what we are teaching our little boys?'\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>How much responsibility does Donald Trump have to bear? For strategists aligned with the previous two Republican presidential nominees, quite a bit.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"I don't think that Jeb would have allowed that — or any of the other candidates,\" said Katie Packer, who was deputy campaign manager for Republican Mitt Romney in 2012.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Steve Schmidt, a senior adviser to John McCain's 2008 campaign, also blamed Trump.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"He's created a permissible environment for this,\" he said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Schmidt and Packer are not Trump fans. But they speak from the experience of being part of the rigors of campaigns with GOP nominees for president that both also ran against another candidate whose very presence on the ballot challenged a historical norm — Barack Obama.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Schmidt remembers a famous moment from 2008.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"There was anger,\" Schmidt said, \"and there was angst and, as Sen. Obama was moving towards election to the presidency, the crowds became angrier frankly at the end of the campaign.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>At one point, a woman stood up at and said, \"I can't trust Obama. I have read about him, and he's not, he's not, he's a -- he's an Arab.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>McCain stopped her.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>He \"stepped forward towards her, and he said, 'No ma'am,' \" Schmidt recalled.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>McCain went on, \"He's a decent family man, citizen, that I just happen to have disagreements with on fundamental issues, and that's what this campaign is all about.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>McCain never became beloved by the base the same way his running mate, Sarah Palin, did, and that was, in part, because of his willingness do things like that.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>This time around, perhaps unsurprisingly, there's been no moment like that — though there have been plenty of opportunity.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Packer points to pictures of parents standing with their children at rallies with a variety of shirts and signs describing Clinton in crude sexual terms.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"Is this what we are teaching our little boys?\" Packer asked. \"Is this what we're teaching these kids is an appropriate way to treat women that you don't agree with? And there hasn't been a peep from the campaign about this stuff being offensive. And, so, by not addressing it, they have encouraged it.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Those T-shirts aren't sold by the campaign — and the lowest-common denominator has a way of thriving on the periphery of all campaigns. But Packer and Schmidt argue Trump's own words have fostered sexism rather than tamping it down.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>The woman's card\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>For example, there was Trump accusing Clinton of playing the \"\u003ca href=\"http://www.npr.org/2016/04/27/475899411/3-things-to-know-about-the-woman-card-in-the-2016-election\">woman's card\u003c/a>.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"Well, I think the only card she has is the woman's card,\" Trump said in April during a victory speech after sweeping five primaries. \"She's got nothing else going on. And frankly, if Hillary Clinton were a man, I don't think she'd get 5 percent of the vote. The only thing she's got going is the women's vote. And the beautiful thing is that women don't like her, OK?\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>He doubled down on that, telling a crowd in Spokane, Washington, a couple of weeks later: \"If she didn't play the woman's card she would have no chance, I mean zero, of winning.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Clinton shrugged it off — and tried to use it to her advantage. \"If fighting for women's health care and paid family leave and equal pay is playing the woman card, then deal me in,\" she said in a \u003ca href=\"http://talkingpointsmemo.com/livewire/clinton-trump-woman-card-deal-me-in\">campaign video \u003c/a>after Trump's remarks.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"Deal me in\" became something of a call-and-response catch phrase for Clinton. The campaign even began selling a pink $5 \"Woman Card.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>'I just don't think she has a presidential look'\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Trump, who has made plenty of derogatory comments about women's appearances in this campaign, \u003ca href=\"http://www.businessinsider.com/donald-trump-hillary-clinton-presidential-look-2016-9\">said last month \u003c/a>of Clinton, \"I just don't think she has a presidential look. And you need a presidential look. You have to get the job done.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Asked directly about his comment that he didn't think Clinton \"has a presidential look\" during the first debate, Trump again said, \"She doesn't have the look,\" before immediately pivoting to talking about her \"stamina.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>'\u003cstrong>I wasn't impressed'\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Then there was the time, at a rally, where he was talking about the second debate, the town-hall style event where the candidates walked around on stage.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"She walks in front of me, you know, and when she walked in front of me, believe me, I wasn't impressed,\" he said to hoots and laughter from the crowd.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11143657\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 800px\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2016/10/gettyimages-615757104_wide-8f1552e2fa535c5b964571a50d86faa83a38ec21-e1477322871985.jpg\">\u003cimg class=\"size-medium wp-image-11143657\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2016/10/gettyimages-615757104_wide-8f1552e2fa535c5b964571a50d86faa83a38ec21-800x450.jpg\" alt=\"Hillary Clinton and Donald Trump walk off stage Wednesday after the third and final presidential debate at the University of Las Vegas in Las Vegas, Nev.\" width=\"800\" height=\"450\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Hillary Clinton and Donald Trump walk off stage Wednesday after the third and final presidential debate at the University of Las Vegas in Las Vegas, Nevada. \u003ccite>(Robyn Beck/AFP-Getty Images)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Clinton occasionally nods to her potential at making history, but she studiously avoids talking about the sexism directed at her. Instead she deflects, talking about sexism and chauvinism aimed at others.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Backlash with women\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Packer, who has made a specialty of helping Republicans better communicate with female voters, said women do notice Trump's language and recognize it.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"The kinds of women that Trump would need to win in a general election really recoil at that,\" Packer said, \"and it's the kind of thing that causes them to want to defend Hillary.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>And that has shown up in the polls. Since the first debate, and especially since the leaked audio of Trump bragging about groping and kissing women, Clinton's lead has expanded. It's been because of those very kinds of women — white, suburban, college-educated. It's why places like Pennsylvania, Colorado and New Hampshire have moved more strongly to her corner.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In 2008, when Clinton ran in the primary, there were certainly \u003cem>signs\u003c/em> of sexism. \"Saturday Night Live\" joked about a perceived double standard she seemed to face in the debates.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>And, if you wanted to, you could buy a pantsuit-wearing Hillary Clinton nutcracker. (Actually, it is \u003ca href=\"http://www.sears.com/eagleview-usa-hillary-clinton-political-novelty-nutcracker-2016/p-SPM8050066527?sid=IDx20110310x00001i&gclid=CjwKEAjw-abABRDquOTJi8qdojwSJABt1S1OsOSSTRBedURLf4Ki1jJ_3WtJVUDaffdHW8wd1P9cDxoCRBXw_wcB&gclsrc=aw.ds\" target=\"_blank\">back for 2016\u003c/a> with a longer suit jacket to match Clinton's new style).\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But this time — as she gets closer to that highest, hardest glass ceiling — it's even more out in the open, said Debbie Walsh, who heads the Center for American Women and Politics at Rutgers.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"It is ironic in so many ways,\" Walsh said, \"that the person that this woman is running against kind of is almost a caricature of this uber-masculine guy with just tremendous bravado.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>So maybe it was fitting that in the waning minutes of the final debate, as Clinton was answering a question about Social Security — and again getting in a dig at her opponent's taxes — Trump would interrupt.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"Such a nasty woman,\" he interjected.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Many female voters, especially millennials, scoff at the idea of supporting Clinton just because she's a woman, but moments like that have \u003ca href=\"http://fivethirtyeight.com/features/men-are-treating-2016-as-a-normal-election-women-arent/\">experts predicting \u003c/a>2016 could have a historically large gender gap — with women overwhelmingly supporting Clinton.\u003c/p>\n\u003cdiv class=\"fullattribution\">Copyright 2016 NPR. To see more, visit http://www.npr.org/.\u003cimg src=\"http://www.google-analytics.com/__utm.gif?utmac=UA-5828686-4&utmdt=Sexism+Is+Out+In+The+Open+In+The+2016+Campaign.+That+May+Have+Been+Inevitable&utme=8(APIKey)9(MDAxOTAwOTE4MDEyMTkxMDAzNjczZDljZA004)\">\u003c/div>\n\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>",
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"content": "\u003cp>Remember the California drought? It was all over the news a year ago, when the state took the unprecedented step of mandating statewide water cutbacks. The Sierra Nevada snowpack was at its lowest recorded level. Rivers and reservoirs were getting shallower and shallower. Wells in rural towns were literally running dry.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>That drought is still very much a thing.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[contextly_sidebar id=”vVCIzFDGCbodGGT2QlAPs2Fq6ma0JQep”]More than 62 percent of California remains in severe to exceptional drought conditions, according to the U.S. Drought Monitor. And without a wet winter the state could be facing a sixth-consecutive year of severe drought.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Absolutely we’re still in a drought,” says Peter Gleick, a co-founder of the Pacific Institute, a water think tank. “We are way below normal. Our reservoirs are low. Our groundwater is still being grossly over-pumped.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Problem is: People aren’t acting like it — at least not quite like they did. And that’s raising questions about how the drought is being messaged.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>A year ago, when Governor Jerry Brown mandated a 25 percent water cutback, the message was dire and it was clear. Californians rose to the occasion. In August 2015, urban water consumption was cut by 27 percent statewide, compared to the same month in 2013.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Earlier this year, the state did away with those mandatory water cutbacks, citing an improvement in the state’s water conditions. “Since the circumstances changed, we felt like we needed to change our approach,” says Felicia Marcus, chairwoman of the state water board.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Water conservation numbers fell after that announcement and they continue to fall. This past August, Californians cut their water use 17.7 percent — a nearly 10 percentage point slide from the year previous.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“I think people have kind of gone into denial mode because they’re not getting as dire a message anymore,” says Los Angeles homeowner Kelly Krull.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Krull is one of the people who got the message last year. She tore out her water-thirsty lawn and landscaping to put in dirt paths and drought-tolerant gardens. Some of her neighbors did the same. This year, Krull says, “I’m not hearing much of a message at all.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>The difficulty of messaging drought \u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Messaging for something like drought is difficult for a lot of reasons. And it becomes more difficult the longer the drought persists.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>To explain, NPR reached out to two people who do messaging for a living: Tony Foleno, the senior vice president and head of strategic development at the Ad Council, and Nick Barham, the chief strategy officer at TBWAChiatDay Los Angeles, an advertising agency that works with companies such as Apple and Gatorade.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Below are some excerpts from both interviews, edited for clarity.\u003c/p>\n\u003chr>\n\u003ch3>\u003cstrong>Interview Highlights\u003c/strong>\u003c/h3>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>How do you keep people interested in something that’s been going on for longer than five years? How do you keep something like drought sexy? \u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Tony Foleno, Ad Council:\u003c/strong> I don’t know if drought will ever be sexy, but I think that it’s one of the tougher issues. It’s sort of intangible [for urban users]. If you can’t water your lawn or there’s some inconvenience, it becomes a little more tangible, but it’s not something that you might think of that might immediately affect you and your family. The other part of it is, the sense of self-efficacy: are my actions — my day-to-day actions — really making a difference? There could be some doubt around that. There could be doubt that while I’m doing my part, other people aren’t doing their part.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Nick Barham, TBWAChiatDay LA:\u003c/strong> With any messaging — whether it’s about drought, whether it’s about war or whether it’s about the next pair of sneakers — there’s an inevitable wear-out if people feel like they’ve heard the same thing before, especially if they feel like [earlier] danger has been averted. That’s a shared characteristic between [public service announcements] and advertising in general; a lot of time you’re trying to make things that feel over-familiar, mundane, invisible, boring or repetitious interesting and fresh. And trying to get people to reconsider something that has become a familiar part of daily life. I do think that’s a challenge. But talking about water conservation in California, I think we need to get out of a campaign mindset and a temporary action and think more about long-term change of behavior.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c!-- iframe plugin v.4.3 wordpress.org/plugins/iframe/ -->\u003cbr>\n\u003ciframe loading=\"lazy\" src=\"https://player.vimeo.com/video/130249787?title=0&byline=0&portrait=0\" width=\"640\" height=\"360\" frameborder=\"0\" scrolling=\"yes\" class=\"iframe-class\">\u003c/iframe>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"https://vimeo.com/130249787\">Save the Drop\u003c/a> from \u003ca href=\"https://vimeo.com/weareroyale\">We Are Royale\u003c/a> on \u003ca href=\"https://vimeo.com\">Vimeo\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>What do you think of California’s current efforts to message the drought? \u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Barham:\u003c/strong> Overall, I think they’ve been pretty successful. They did a lot of things right, certainly at the height of the drought, before El Nino did or didn’t happen. They were getting lots of supporting messages from different areas. It was in the news, so you saw headlines and pictures of lakes that were less full than they used to be, so it didn’t feel like a distant issue. There were tough targets that people saw and penalties for people who overused, some incentives for people who tore out their lawns and stuff like that. And there were things like ‘Save the Drop,’ which had a very cute cartoony version of a water drop and a clear call to action. But I think [now], it certainly feels like it’s less of an urgent issue. My observation here [in Los Angeles] is that the city doesn’t behave like a city that’s in a drought. You can still drive through the city and see perfect green lawns and the kind of plants and greenery that you wouldn’t have naturally in a drought area. I think there are a lot of behaviors here that are in denial of the kind of climate we’re in.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>https://youtu.be/hdUQrGht7NE\u003cbr>\n\u003cstrong>It’s got to be hard to try and get people to change their behavior. What makes an effective PSA or messaging campaign?\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Foleno:\u003c/strong> Behavior change is the ultimate objective of every campaign we do at the Ad Council. It’s harder by an order of magnitude — I don’t know what it would be — than to just raise awareness of something, to get people to re-Tweet something or think about it for a minute and then move on. Every campaign has a different set of tools, but we start at the end point – sitting down a year from now, what do we want to see? What does success look like? Then we work backwards from there. You need to be relevant. You need to be emotional. You need to be understandable and single-minded. You also need to know the media landscape. How are you going to reach the people you want to reach? And then you need to be consistent. A lot of things require long-term commitment. The reason we’ve been working on Smokey Bear for decades is you need to maintain and educate a new generation of the public all the time about wildfire prevention.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Barham:\u003c/strong> One of the key difficulties of PSAs is you’re trying to stop people from doing something they really like doing or you’re trying to get them to do something that’s going to be more of a hassle than not doing. There are two favorite tactics to get attention, neither of which has been used to strongly in California. The first obvious one is through shock: exaggerating or at least shining a light on how bad things could be if you don’t change behavior. The best recent example of this was an Australian campaign for rail safety which was called ‘Dumb Ways to Die.’\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>https://youtu.be/IJNR2EpS0jw\u003cbr>\nThe other way is through humor. The best recent example of that is called the ‘World’s Biggest Asshole.’ It got lots and lots of attention and talked to people in a way that didn’t feel preachy.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>https://youtu.be/TeVLxcekEsw\u003cbr>\n\u003cstrong>OK, I’m emperor for the day and I put you in charge of messaging California’s drought. What would you do? \u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Foleno:\u003c/strong> I’m a research guy, so the first thing I would do is go out and talk to the folks of California to see what their awareness of the current messaging is — what their perception is, how do they talk about it with their friends and loved ones and neighbors — to get a real sense of where their head is at, from the consumer perspective. From there you’d generate a set of message framings, depending on what you hear back. Those are all testable. You can go out and see which are the most motivating. There are a variety of approaches off the top of my head. There’s a social-norming approach, where you let people know that their neighbor is actually using a lot less water than they are. You could talk about the future of California and inject a sense of state pride into it. You could talk about dire consequences down the road if we don’t make this a top issue.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad floatright]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Barham:\u003c/strong> I think there’s room to use those two models I talked about [shock and humor], but I think you need to balance that by giving people very practical guidelines for what they should be doing. I would try to think about water conservation in the way that we think about our health, as something that we try to maintain on a day-to-day basis, rather than as a diet, which tends to be a short-term fix to some kind of issue. I think we’re in danger of the equivalent of yo-yo dieting, where we take some extreme measures for a short period of time, think that will fix everything and then go back to bad behavior. What we should be trying to do is instill behavior and attitudes that are ongoing and permanent and can be measured and monitored. I think a good model to look at is how a lot of fitness apps work, which is this daily check at how you’re doing and the ability to share it with other people, either in your immediate social circle or the broader public.\u003c/p>\n\u003cdiv class=\"fullattribution\">Copyright 2016 NPR. To see more, visit http://www.npr.org/.\u003cimg decoding=\"async\" src=\"http://www.google-analytics.com/__utm.gif?utmac=UA-5828686-4&utmdt=California%27s+Dire+Drought+Message+Wanes%2C+Conservation+Levels+Drop+&utme=8(APIKey)9(MDAxOTAwOTE4MDEyMTkxMDAzNjczZDljZA004)\">\u003c/div>\n\n",
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"excerpt": "Californians are saving less and less water as the state enters what may be its sixth year of drought, in part because they say they're hearing a less-than-clear message about the drought.",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>Remember the California drought? It was all over the news a year ago, when the state took the unprecedented step of mandating statewide water cutbacks. The Sierra Nevada snowpack was at its lowest recorded level. Rivers and reservoirs were getting shallower and shallower. Wells in rural towns were literally running dry.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>That drought is still very much a thing.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003cp>More than 62 percent of California remains in severe to exceptional drought conditions, according to the U.S. Drought Monitor. And without a wet winter the state could be facing a sixth-consecutive year of severe drought.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Absolutely we’re still in a drought,” says Peter Gleick, a co-founder of the Pacific Institute, a water think tank. “We are way below normal. Our reservoirs are low. Our groundwater is still being grossly over-pumped.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Problem is: People aren’t acting like it — at least not quite like they did. And that’s raising questions about how the drought is being messaged.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>A year ago, when Governor Jerry Brown mandated a 25 percent water cutback, the message was dire and it was clear. Californians rose to the occasion. In August 2015, urban water consumption was cut by 27 percent statewide, compared to the same month in 2013.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Earlier this year, the state did away with those mandatory water cutbacks, citing an improvement in the state’s water conditions. “Since the circumstances changed, we felt like we needed to change our approach,” says Felicia Marcus, chairwoman of the state water board.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Water conservation numbers fell after that announcement and they continue to fall. This past August, Californians cut their water use 17.7 percent — a nearly 10 percentage point slide from the year previous.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“I think people have kind of gone into denial mode because they’re not getting as dire a message anymore,” says Los Angeles homeowner Kelly Krull.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Krull is one of the people who got the message last year. She tore out her water-thirsty lawn and landscaping to put in dirt paths and drought-tolerant gardens. Some of her neighbors did the same. This year, Krull says, “I’m not hearing much of a message at all.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>The difficulty of messaging drought \u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Messaging for something like drought is difficult for a lot of reasons. And it becomes more difficult the longer the drought persists.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>To explain, NPR reached out to two people who do messaging for a living: Tony Foleno, the senior vice president and head of strategic development at the Ad Council, and Nick Barham, the chief strategy officer at TBWAChiatDay Los Angeles, an advertising agency that works with companies such as Apple and Gatorade.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Below are some excerpts from both interviews, edited for clarity.\u003c/p>\n\u003chr>\n\u003ch3>\u003cstrong>Interview Highlights\u003c/strong>\u003c/h3>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>How do you keep people interested in something that’s been going on for longer than five years? How do you keep something like drought sexy? \u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Tony Foleno, Ad Council:\u003c/strong> I don’t know if drought will ever be sexy, but I think that it’s one of the tougher issues. It’s sort of intangible [for urban users]. If you can’t water your lawn or there’s some inconvenience, it becomes a little more tangible, but it’s not something that you might think of that might immediately affect you and your family. The other part of it is, the sense of self-efficacy: are my actions — my day-to-day actions — really making a difference? There could be some doubt around that. There could be doubt that while I’m doing my part, other people aren’t doing their part.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Nick Barham, TBWAChiatDay LA:\u003c/strong> With any messaging — whether it’s about drought, whether it’s about war or whether it’s about the next pair of sneakers — there’s an inevitable wear-out if people feel like they’ve heard the same thing before, especially if they feel like [earlier] danger has been averted. That’s a shared characteristic between [public service announcements] and advertising in general; a lot of time you’re trying to make things that feel over-familiar, mundane, invisible, boring or repetitious interesting and fresh. And trying to get people to reconsider something that has become a familiar part of daily life. I do think that’s a challenge. But talking about water conservation in California, I think we need to get out of a campaign mindset and a temporary action and think more about long-term change of behavior.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c!-- iframe plugin v.4.3 wordpress.org/plugins/iframe/ -->\u003cbr>\n\u003ciframe loading=\"lazy\" src=\"https://player.vimeo.com/video/130249787?title=0&byline=0&portrait=0\" width=\"640\" height=\"360\" frameborder=\"0\" scrolling=\"yes\" class=\"iframe-class\">\u003c/iframe>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"https://vimeo.com/130249787\">Save the Drop\u003c/a> from \u003ca href=\"https://vimeo.com/weareroyale\">We Are Royale\u003c/a> on \u003ca href=\"https://vimeo.com\">Vimeo\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>What do you think of California’s current efforts to message the drought? \u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Barham:\u003c/strong> Overall, I think they’ve been pretty successful. They did a lot of things right, certainly at the height of the drought, before El Nino did or didn’t happen. They were getting lots of supporting messages from different areas. It was in the news, so you saw headlines and pictures of lakes that were less full than they used to be, so it didn’t feel like a distant issue. There were tough targets that people saw and penalties for people who overused, some incentives for people who tore out their lawns and stuff like that. And there were things like ‘Save the Drop,’ which had a very cute cartoony version of a water drop and a clear call to action. But I think [now], it certainly feels like it’s less of an urgent issue. My observation here [in Los Angeles] is that the city doesn’t behave like a city that’s in a drought. You can still drive through the city and see perfect green lawns and the kind of plants and greenery that you wouldn’t have naturally in a drought area. I think there are a lot of behaviors here that are in denial of the kind of climate we’re in.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>https://youtu.be/hdUQrGht7NE\u003cbr>\n\u003cstrong>It’s got to be hard to try and get people to change their behavior. What makes an effective PSA or messaging campaign?\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Foleno:\u003c/strong> Behavior change is the ultimate objective of every campaign we do at the Ad Council. It’s harder by an order of magnitude — I don’t know what it would be — than to just raise awareness of something, to get people to re-Tweet something or think about it for a minute and then move on. Every campaign has a different set of tools, but we start at the end point – sitting down a year from now, what do we want to see? What does success look like? Then we work backwards from there. You need to be relevant. You need to be emotional. You need to be understandable and single-minded. You also need to know the media landscape. How are you going to reach the people you want to reach? And then you need to be consistent. A lot of things require long-term commitment. The reason we’ve been working on Smokey Bear for decades is you need to maintain and educate a new generation of the public all the time about wildfire prevention.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Barham:\u003c/strong> One of the key difficulties of PSAs is you’re trying to stop people from doing something they really like doing or you’re trying to get them to do something that’s going to be more of a hassle than not doing. There are two favorite tactics to get attention, neither of which has been used to strongly in California. The first obvious one is through shock: exaggerating or at least shining a light on how bad things could be if you don’t change behavior. The best recent example of this was an Australian campaign for rail safety which was called ‘Dumb Ways to Die.’\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>https://youtu.be/IJNR2EpS0jw\u003cbr>\nThe other way is through humor. The best recent example of that is called the ‘World’s Biggest Asshole.’ It got lots and lots of attention and talked to people in a way that didn’t feel preachy.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>https://youtu.be/TeVLxcekEsw\u003cbr>\n\u003cstrong>OK, I’m emperor for the day and I put you in charge of messaging California’s drought. What would you do? \u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Foleno:\u003c/strong> I’m a research guy, so the first thing I would do is go out and talk to the folks of California to see what their awareness of the current messaging is — what their perception is, how do they talk about it with their friends and loved ones and neighbors — to get a real sense of where their head is at, from the consumer perspective. From there you’d generate a set of message framings, depending on what you hear back. Those are all testable. You can go out and see which are the most motivating. There are a variety of approaches off the top of my head. There’s a social-norming approach, where you let people know that their neighbor is actually using a lot less water than they are. You could talk about the future of California and inject a sense of state pride into it. You could talk about dire consequences down the road if we don’t make this a top issue.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Barham:\u003c/strong> I think there’s room to use those two models I talked about [shock and humor], but I think you need to balance that by giving people very practical guidelines for what they should be doing. I would try to think about water conservation in the way that we think about our health, as something that we try to maintain on a day-to-day basis, rather than as a diet, which tends to be a short-term fix to some kind of issue. I think we’re in danger of the equivalent of yo-yo dieting, where we take some extreme measures for a short period of time, think that will fix everything and then go back to bad behavior. What we should be trying to do is instill behavior and attitudes that are ongoing and permanent and can be measured and monitored. I think a good model to look at is how a lot of fitness apps work, which is this daily check at how you’re doing and the ability to share it with other people, either in your immediate social circle or the broader public.\u003c/p>\n\u003cdiv class=\"fullattribution\">Copyright 2016 NPR. To see more, visit http://www.npr.org/.\u003cimg decoding=\"async\" src=\"http://www.google-analytics.com/__utm.gif?utmac=UA-5828686-4&utmdt=California%27s+Dire+Drought+Message+Wanes%2C+Conservation+Levels+Drop+&utme=8(APIKey)9(MDAxOTAwOTE4MDEyMTkxMDAzNjczZDljZA004)\">\u003c/div>\n\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>",
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"content": "\u003cp>The Obama administration is announcing a series of recommendations for ensuring the safety of the nation's more than 400 underground natural gas storage wells.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The \u003ca href=\"http://energy.gov/sites/prod/files/2016/10/f33/Ensuring%20Safe%20and%20Reliable%20Underground%20Natural%20Gas%20Storage%20-%20Final%20Repor..._0.pdf\">report\u003c/a> comes as a result of the natural gas leak in Porter Ranch, a Los Angeles neighborhood, one year ago. It says the leak at the Aliso Canyon plant was the largest methane release from a natural gas storage facility in U.S. history. Some 8,000 families were displaced after complaining of headaches, nosebleeds and nausea. The facility operator, Southern California Gas Co., was unable to seal the well until February 2016, four months after the leak was detected.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The report by a White House interagency task force includes 44 recommendations related to the integrity of gas storage wells, preparation for possible natural gas leaks, and better coordination between the gas and electric industries, which are increasingly interdependent.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"No community should have to go through something like the Aliso Canyon leak again. The recommendations in this report outline the steps we can take to prevent such an incident in the future. Now, it is up to industry to implement these recommendations in a timely fashion,\" said Energy Secretary Ernest J. Moniz.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>One of the main recommendations is that natural gas operators should phase out \"single-point-of-failure well designs\" and introduce backup systems or \"double-barrier protection\" that can contain gas even in the event of a leak.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>According to the report, the Aliso Canyon incident highlighted the problems with the nation's aging natural gas infrastructure:\u003c/p>\n\u003cblockquote>\u003cp>\"Approximately 80% of wells in the Nation's natural gas storage fields were completed in the 1970s or earlier. They have been exposed to decades of physical and mechanical stresses and pre-date many current materials and technology standards. In addition, many of these wells were converted to gas storage from oil production and may not have piping designed for the higher overall operating pressures of natural gas. Although rare, large natural gas storage leakage events can have negative impacts on human health and communities.\"\u003c/p>\u003c/blockquote>\n\u003cp>Interim federal rules to ensure the safety of natural gas storage facilities will be released by the end of the year, said Marie Therese Dominguez, the chief of the Pipeline and Hazardous Materials Safety Administration, at a Washington news conference.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>As we reported in September, Southern California Gas Co. \u003ca href=\"http://www.npr.org/sections/thetwo-way/2016/09/13/493813305/socal-gas-to-pay-4-million-after-massive-gas-leak\">pleaded no contest\u003c/a> to a single criminal charge that it failed to immediately report the Aliso Canyon leak to state emergency officials. The company paid a settlement of $4 million, most of which will pay for the installation and maintenance of an infrared methane leak detection system that includes the hiring of six full-time monitors over the next three years.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>As the \u003ca href=\"http://hosted.ap.org/dynamic/stories/U/US_NATURAL_GAS_LEAKS?SITE=AP&SECTION=HOME&TEMPLATE=DEFAULT\">Associated Press\u003c/a> reports, SoCal Gas still faces more than 130 pending lawsuits or civil or criminal penalties from a variety of government agencies.\u003c/p>\n\u003cdiv class=\"fullattribution\">\u003cem>Copyright 2016 NPR. To see more, visit http://www.npr.org/.\u003cimg src=\"http://www.google-analytics.com/__utm.gif?utmac=UA-5828686-4&utmdt=White+House+Report+Calls+For+Safer+Natural+Gas+Storage&utme=8(APIKey)9(MDAxOTAwOTE4MDEyMTkxMDAzNjczZDljZA004)\">\u003c/em>\u003c/div>\n\n",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>The Obama administration is announcing a series of recommendations for ensuring the safety of the nation's more than 400 underground natural gas storage wells.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The \u003ca href=\"http://energy.gov/sites/prod/files/2016/10/f33/Ensuring%20Safe%20and%20Reliable%20Underground%20Natural%20Gas%20Storage%20-%20Final%20Repor..._0.pdf\">report\u003c/a> comes as a result of the natural gas leak in Porter Ranch, a Los Angeles neighborhood, one year ago. It says the leak at the Aliso Canyon plant was the largest methane release from a natural gas storage facility in U.S. history. Some 8,000 families were displaced after complaining of headaches, nosebleeds and nausea. The facility operator, Southern California Gas Co., was unable to seal the well until February 2016, four months after the leak was detected.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The report by a White House interagency task force includes 44 recommendations related to the integrity of gas storage wells, preparation for possible natural gas leaks, and better coordination between the gas and electric industries, which are increasingly interdependent.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"No community should have to go through something like the Aliso Canyon leak again. The recommendations in this report outline the steps we can take to prevent such an incident in the future. Now, it is up to industry to implement these recommendations in a timely fashion,\" said Energy Secretary Ernest J. Moniz.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>One of the main recommendations is that natural gas operators should phase out \"single-point-of-failure well designs\" and introduce backup systems or \"double-barrier protection\" that can contain gas even in the event of a leak.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>According to the report, the Aliso Canyon incident highlighted the problems with the nation's aging natural gas infrastructure:\u003c/p>\n\u003cblockquote>\u003cp>\"Approximately 80% of wells in the Nation's natural gas storage fields were completed in the 1970s or earlier. They have been exposed to decades of physical and mechanical stresses and pre-date many current materials and technology standards. In addition, many of these wells were converted to gas storage from oil production and may not have piping designed for the higher overall operating pressures of natural gas. Although rare, large natural gas storage leakage events can have negative impacts on human health and communities.\"\u003c/p>\u003c/blockquote>\n\u003cp>Interim federal rules to ensure the safety of natural gas storage facilities will be released by the end of the year, said Marie Therese Dominguez, the chief of the Pipeline and Hazardous Materials Safety Administration, at a Washington news conference.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>As we reported in September, Southern California Gas Co. \u003ca href=\"http://www.npr.org/sections/thetwo-way/2016/09/13/493813305/socal-gas-to-pay-4-million-after-massive-gas-leak\">pleaded no contest\u003c/a> to a single criminal charge that it failed to immediately report the Aliso Canyon leak to state emergency officials. The company paid a settlement of $4 million, most of which will pay for the installation and maintenance of an infrared methane leak detection system that includes the hiring of six full-time monitors over the next three years.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>As the \u003ca href=\"http://hosted.ap.org/dynamic/stories/U/US_NATURAL_GAS_LEAKS?SITE=AP&SECTION=HOME&TEMPLATE=DEFAULT\">Associated Press\u003c/a> reports, SoCal Gas still faces more than 130 pending lawsuits or civil or criminal penalties from a variety of government agencies.\u003c/p>\n\u003cdiv class=\"fullattribution\">\u003cem>Copyright 2016 NPR. To see more, visit http://www.npr.org/.\u003cimg src=\"http://www.google-analytics.com/__utm.gif?utmac=UA-5828686-4&utmdt=White+House+Report+Calls+For+Safer+Natural+Gas+Storage&utme=8(APIKey)9(MDAxOTAwOTE4MDEyMTkxMDAzNjczZDljZA004)\">\u003c/em>\u003c/div>\n\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>",
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"disqusTitle": "Head Of Police Chiefs Group Apologizes For 'Historical Mistreatment' Of Minorities",
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"content": "\u003cp>The head of the largest association of police chiefs in the U.S. has issued a formal apology on the group's behalf for \"historical mistreatment of communities of color.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Speaking Monday at the annual meeting of the International Association of Chiefs of Police in San Diego, Terry Cunningham \u003ca href=\"http://www.iacp.org/ViewResult?SearchID=2690\">said his remarks on behalf of the group\u003c/a> were aimed at breaking a \"historic cycle of mistrust.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>He said that policing is, in essence, a \"noble profession\" that has seen dark periods in its history.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"There have been times when law enforcement officers, because of the laws enacted by federal, state and local governments, have been the face of oppression for far too many of our fellow citizens,\" Cunningham said. \"In the past, the laws adopted by our society have required police officers to perform many unpalatable tasks, such as ensuring legalized discrimination or even denying the basic rights of citizenship to many of our fellow Americans.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>He emphasized that these darker periods are in the past, adding that \"while this is no longer the case, this dark side of our shared history has created a multigenerational — almost inherited — mistrust between many communities of color and their law enforcement agencies.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"We must move forward together to build a shared understanding,\" he said, calling the apology a first step in the process. \"At the same time, those who denounce the police must also acknowledge that today's officers are not to blame for the injustices of the past.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Police officers gave the speech a standing ovation, IACP spokeswoman Sarah Guy \u003ca href=\"https://www.washingtonpost.com/news/true-crime/wp/2016/10/17/head-of-u-s-police-chiefs-apologizes-for-historic-mistreatment-of-minorities/\">told the Washington Post\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Cunningham, who is the police chief in Wellesley, Massachusetts, did not specifically mention any of the recent, numerous, high-profile police shootings of black men, nor did he bring up the police officers killed earlier this year in Dallas and Baton Rouge.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The issue of historic injustices is a \"delicate subject inside policing,\" as NPR's Martin Kaste tells our Newscast unit, \"especially as many rank-and-file cops have come to resent accusations of systemic racism by groups such as Black Lives Matter.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>And as Martin reports, \"Cunningham says he decided to make this statement after a meeting last summer with President Obama, who told him police needed to acknowledge historical mistreatment of communities of color.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Civil rights groups such as the American Civil Liberties Union and the NAACP Legal Defense Fund told the \u003cem>Post \u003c/em>that they welcomed the apology. Here's what Jeffrey Robinson, ACLU deputy legal director, said to the newspaper:\u003c/p>\n\u003cblockquote>\u003cp>\"It seems to me that this is a very significant admission ... and a very significant acknowledgement of what much of America has known for some time about the historical relationship between police and communities of color. The fact someone high in the law enforcement community has said this is significant and I applaud it because it is long overdue. And I think it's a necessary first step to them trying to change these relationships.\"\u003c/p>\u003c/blockquote>\n\u003cp>But others were less impressed. \"[Cunningham] fails to acknowledge the deplorable behavior of some modern-day police officers who are allowed to go from police agency to police agency after having been cited for misconduct within one or more departments,\" Delores Jones-Brown, a professor at the John Jay College Center on Race, Crime and Justice, \u003ca href=\"http://www.latimes.com/nation/la-na-police-chiefs-apology-20161017-snap-story.html\">told the Los Angeles Times\u003c/a>. \"There are bigoted cops today, as there were when it was legal to be a bigoted cop.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The apology comes less than a week after U.S. Attorney General Loretta Lynch \u003ca href=\"http://www.npr.org/sections/thetwo-way/2016/10/13/497850361/justice-department-will-track-police-killings-and-use-of-force\">announced that the Department of Justice plans\u003c/a> to collect data on killings by police and use of force.\u003c/p>\n\u003cdiv class=\"fullattribution\">\u003cem>Copyright 2016 NPR. To see more, visit http://www.npr.org/.\u003cimg src=\"http://www.google-analytics.com/__utm.gif?utmac=UA-5828686-4&utmdt=Head+Of+Police+Chiefs+Group+Apologizes+For+%27Historical+Mistreatment%27+Of+Minorities&utme=8(APIKey)9(MDAxOTAwOTE4MDEyMTkxMDAzNjczZDljZA004)\">\u003c/em>\u003c/div>\n\n",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>The head of the largest association of police chiefs in the U.S. has issued a formal apology on the group's behalf for \"historical mistreatment of communities of color.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Speaking Monday at the annual meeting of the International Association of Chiefs of Police in San Diego, Terry Cunningham \u003ca href=\"http://www.iacp.org/ViewResult?SearchID=2690\">said his remarks on behalf of the group\u003c/a> were aimed at breaking a \"historic cycle of mistrust.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>He said that policing is, in essence, a \"noble profession\" that has seen dark periods in its history.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"There have been times when law enforcement officers, because of the laws enacted by federal, state and local governments, have been the face of oppression for far too many of our fellow citizens,\" Cunningham said. \"In the past, the laws adopted by our society have required police officers to perform many unpalatable tasks, such as ensuring legalized discrimination or even denying the basic rights of citizenship to many of our fellow Americans.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>He emphasized that these darker periods are in the past, adding that \"while this is no longer the case, this dark side of our shared history has created a multigenerational — almost inherited — mistrust between many communities of color and their law enforcement agencies.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"We must move forward together to build a shared understanding,\" he said, calling the apology a first step in the process. \"At the same time, those who denounce the police must also acknowledge that today's officers are not to blame for the injustices of the past.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Police officers gave the speech a standing ovation, IACP spokeswoman Sarah Guy \u003ca href=\"https://www.washingtonpost.com/news/true-crime/wp/2016/10/17/head-of-u-s-police-chiefs-apologizes-for-historic-mistreatment-of-minorities/\">told the Washington Post\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Cunningham, who is the police chief in Wellesley, Massachusetts, did not specifically mention any of the recent, numerous, high-profile police shootings of black men, nor did he bring up the police officers killed earlier this year in Dallas and Baton Rouge.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The issue of historic injustices is a \"delicate subject inside policing,\" as NPR's Martin Kaste tells our Newscast unit, \"especially as many rank-and-file cops have come to resent accusations of systemic racism by groups such as Black Lives Matter.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>And as Martin reports, \"Cunningham says he decided to make this statement after a meeting last summer with President Obama, who told him police needed to acknowledge historical mistreatment of communities of color.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Civil rights groups such as the American Civil Liberties Union and the NAACP Legal Defense Fund told the \u003cem>Post \u003c/em>that they welcomed the apology. Here's what Jeffrey Robinson, ACLU deputy legal director, said to the newspaper:\u003c/p>\n\u003cblockquote>\u003cp>\"It seems to me that this is a very significant admission ... and a very significant acknowledgement of what much of America has known for some time about the historical relationship between police and communities of color. The fact someone high in the law enforcement community has said this is significant and I applaud it because it is long overdue. And I think it's a necessary first step to them trying to change these relationships.\"\u003c/p>\u003c/blockquote>\n\u003cp>But others were less impressed. \"[Cunningham] fails to acknowledge the deplorable behavior of some modern-day police officers who are allowed to go from police agency to police agency after having been cited for misconduct within one or more departments,\" Delores Jones-Brown, a professor at the John Jay College Center on Race, Crime and Justice, \u003ca href=\"http://www.latimes.com/nation/la-na-police-chiefs-apology-20161017-snap-story.html\">told the Los Angeles Times\u003c/a>. \"There are bigoted cops today, as there were when it was legal to be a bigoted cop.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The apology comes less than a week after U.S. Attorney General Loretta Lynch \u003ca href=\"http://www.npr.org/sections/thetwo-way/2016/10/13/497850361/justice-department-will-track-police-killings-and-use-of-force\">announced that the Department of Justice plans\u003c/a> to collect data on killings by police and use of force.\u003c/p>\n\u003cdiv class=\"fullattribution\">\u003cem>Copyright 2016 NPR. To see more, visit http://www.npr.org/.\u003cimg src=\"http://www.google-analytics.com/__utm.gif?utmac=UA-5828686-4&utmdt=Head+Of+Police+Chiefs+Group+Apologizes+For+%27Historical+Mistreatment%27+Of+Minorities&utme=8(APIKey)9(MDAxOTAwOTE4MDEyMTkxMDAzNjczZDljZA004)\">\u003c/em>\u003c/div>\n\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>",
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"disqusTitle": "5 Reasons (and Then Some) Not to Worry About a 'Rigged' Election",
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"content": "\u003cp>Donald Trump is warning that the election will be rigged. He has precisely zero evidence to back up that claim. But he has a remarkably receptive audience.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"http://www.apnorc.org/projects/Pages/HTML%20Reports/views-on-the-american-election-process-and-perceptions-of-voter-fraud-issue-brief.aspx\">Around 30 percent\u003c/a> of Americans have \"little or no confidence\" that votes will be counted accurately — and Trump's voters are far less confident about that than Clinton's.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>That means that potentially millions of Americans will turn out to vote on Nov. 8, despite apparently believing their votes may not count at all. But to believe the election will be \"rigged\" is to believe that any number of improbable things will happen.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Here's a handful of reasons not to worry about any rigging:\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>\u003cstrong>1. The election is decentralized\u003c/strong>\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Yes, election-rigging worked on \u003cem>Scandal\u003c/em>, when a super-secret cabal of five people (including the first lady AND the White House chief of staff) flipped the election by fiddling with a single voting machine in Ohio.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But then, Campaign 2016 is not a Shonda Rhimes production. Which is to say: Rigging the election would be much, much harder than this. For one, there are few options of where to try doing that voting-machine fiddling. Where would you begin? Ohio? Florida? Iowa? Arizona?\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"Conceivably one could focus on the few states that factor into the Electoral College,\" Walter Mebane, a political scientist who focuses on voter fraud at the University of Michigan, told NPR in August. \"And maybe that turns into a few hundred or a few thousand precincts.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>And that would be difficult to do because — let's repeat this again — elections are not federally run. States run them themselves. Trying to twist the results in a bunch of different precincts run by different authorities would be monstrously difficult. And even if one could somehow pull it off, then there's the problem of people's big mouths.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"So, say, 400 precincts in a big conspiracy, and no one will know?\" Mebane added. \"That's not gonna happen.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>\u003cstrong>2. State officials are on guard\u003c/strong>\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Secretaries of state are charged with administering elections in each state. And on Monday, Ohio Secretary of State Jon Husted, a Republican, insisted that rigging won't happen.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"First of all, I can reassure Donald Trump: I am in charge of elections in Ohio, and they're not going to be rigged. I'll make sure of that,\" \u003ca href=\"http://www.politico.com/story/2016/10/trump-election-rigged-ohio-secretary-of-state-229\">he told CNN\u003c/a>. \"Our institutions, like our election system, is one of the bedrocks of American democracy. We should not question it or the legitimacy of it. It works very well. In places like Ohio, we make it easy to vote and hard to cheat.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>And he's no enemy of Trump — Husted, by the way, said later Monday that he will vote for the Republican nominee.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Multiple other secretaries of state have likewise asserted that the elections in their states will not be rigged.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In addition, considering that the cries of election rigging are overwhelmingly coming from the right, there's another reason to be skeptical, as the \u003ca href=\"https://twitter.com/NickRiccardi/status/782210861330857985\">AP's Nick Riccardi\u003c/a> pointed out: Many of the closest states — Ohio, Iowa, Arizona, Florida, North Carolina, Alaska, Georgia — have Republican governors. That means the rigging would have to take place under Republican administrations — people who would, theoretically, have more reason to want Trump rather than Clinton to win.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>\u003cstrong>3. Clinton is already leading by a lot\u003c/strong>\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>With a really close race, there could potentially be more of an argument that \"rigging\" the election would be possible (with irregularities in particular counties or precincts, which would be challenged and subject to recounts and oversight and courts weighing in).\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But the way things look right now, that doesn't seem likely to happen.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"If the polls in November look like they do now, then I don't see much of an issue,\" Vanderbilt University political science professor Marc Hetherington \u003ca href=\"http://www.npr.org/2016/08/07/488893858/questioning-if-an-election-will-be-rigged-strikes-at-the-heart-of-democracy\">told NPR in August\u003c/a>. \"No one will find credible charges of election fraud if it looks like a blowout in advance.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>At the time, Clinton was far ahead of Trump — she had an 83 percent chance of winning to his 17, according to FiveThirtyEight. Now, it's looking slightly better for Clinton — 88 percent chance to his 12.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>It's true that some states will be close. But if Clinton is far enough ahead in enough states — which is looking increasingly likely — then it wouldn't be necessary to rig the election. (Or you'd have to believe that many polls in many states are rigged, which isn't happening.)\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>\u003cstrong>4. Election fraud is rare (and it's not quite \"rigging\" either)\u003c/strong>\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Multiple analyses have found the problem of voter fraud to be sparse.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>According to Loyola Law School professor Justin Levitt's comprehensive analysis, there were only \u003ca href=\"https://www.washingtonpost.com/news/wonk/wp/2014/08/06/a-comprehensive-investigation-of-voter-impersonation-finds-31-credible-incidents-out-of-one-billion-ballots-cast/\">31 incidents of the type of voter fraud\u003c/a> that could have been prevented by voter ID laws — that is, voter impersonation — from 2000 through 2014. Another analysis from News21 looked into 2,068 allegations of election fraud and found only 10 cases of impersonation.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>And after analyzing multiple studies, the \u003ca href=\"http://www.gao.gov/assets/670/665966.pdf\">Government Accountability Office\u003c/a> said it found \"few instances of in-person voter fraud\" (though it also acknowledged that in-person voter fraud is difficult to count accurately). So it appears that in-person voter fraud on the scale that it currently happens would have very little chance of swaying the election.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Still, Trump and Pence have told their supporters to head to the polls to make sure people are voting fairly on Election Day. But even then, they could easily miss some cases of fraud, because fraud via absentee ballots is \u003ca href=\"https://www.washingtonpost.com/news/the-fix/wp/2014/10/13/the-disconnect-between-voter-id-laws-and-voter-fraud/\">\"unfortunately quite real,\"\u003c/a> as Levitt told \u003cem>The Washington Post\u003c/em> in 2014.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Furthermore, as election lawyer Chris Ashby pointed out on CNN Monday afternoon (after an \u003ca href=\"https://twitter.com/ashbylaw/status/787352959633981440\">epic tweetstorm \u003c/a>over the weekend), individual instances of voter fraud aren't exactly \"rigging\" anyway. This isn't just semantics — yes, voter fraud is a bad thing. However, calling an election \"rigged\" implies a systematic, coordinated effort to cause one candidate to win.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>One more point here is that voter ID laws are the weapon of choice, particularly for politicians on the right, for fighting voter fraud. However, there's evidence that voter ID laws — which are put in place to fight voter fraud — end up swinging elections themselves.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>\u003cstrong>5 (and 6 and 7 and 8 ...). Read Chris Ashby's latest post\u003c/strong>\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>We'd be entirely remiss if we didn't point to Ashby's \u003ca href=\"https://extranewsfeed.com/the-election-is-not-rigged-23917d9b0534#.ii0k4de5k\">excellent Medium post\u003c/a> spelling out a few more reasons to be skeptical of \"rigging\" allegations. For example:\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>-- elections are held in public places and staffed by private citizens;\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>-- party officials and lawyers are at the ready to challenge if needed;\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>-- voting machines have systems in place to prevent fraud — for example, they are \"equipped with multiple interconnected counters that make it impossible to add or remove votes secretly\" (sorry, Olivia Pope); and ...\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>-- representatives of both candidates \u003cem>and \u003c/em>parties observe vote-counting.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>And on.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad floatright]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>So if someone tells you the election is rigged, it's just not true.\u003c/p>\n\u003cdiv class=\"fullattribution\">\u003cem>Copyright 2016 NPR. To see more, visit http://www.npr.org/.\u003cimg src=\"http://www.google-analytics.com/__utm.gif?utmac=UA-5828686-4&utmdt=5+Reasons+%28And+Then+Some%29+Not+To+Worry+About+A+%27Rigged%27+Election&utme=8(APIKey)9(MDAxOTAwOTE4MDEyMTkxMDAzNjczZDljZA004)\">\u003c/em>\u003c/div>\n\n",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>Donald Trump is warning that the election will be rigged. He has precisely zero evidence to back up that claim. But he has a remarkably receptive audience.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"http://www.apnorc.org/projects/Pages/HTML%20Reports/views-on-the-american-election-process-and-perceptions-of-voter-fraud-issue-brief.aspx\">Around 30 percent\u003c/a> of Americans have \"little or no confidence\" that votes will be counted accurately — and Trump's voters are far less confident about that than Clinton's.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>That means that potentially millions of Americans will turn out to vote on Nov. 8, despite apparently believing their votes may not count at all. But to believe the election will be \"rigged\" is to believe that any number of improbable things will happen.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Here's a handful of reasons not to worry about any rigging:\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>\u003cstrong>1. The election is decentralized\u003c/strong>\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Yes, election-rigging worked on \u003cem>Scandal\u003c/em>, when a super-secret cabal of five people (including the first lady AND the White House chief of staff) flipped the election by fiddling with a single voting machine in Ohio.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But then, Campaign 2016 is not a Shonda Rhimes production. Which is to say: Rigging the election would be much, much harder than this. For one, there are few options of where to try doing that voting-machine fiddling. Where would you begin? Ohio? Florida? Iowa? Arizona?\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"Conceivably one could focus on the few states that factor into the Electoral College,\" Walter Mebane, a political scientist who focuses on voter fraud at the University of Michigan, told NPR in August. \"And maybe that turns into a few hundred or a few thousand precincts.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>And that would be difficult to do because — let's repeat this again — elections are not federally run. States run them themselves. Trying to twist the results in a bunch of different precincts run by different authorities would be monstrously difficult. And even if one could somehow pull it off, then there's the problem of people's big mouths.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"So, say, 400 precincts in a big conspiracy, and no one will know?\" Mebane added. \"That's not gonna happen.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>\u003cstrong>2. State officials are on guard\u003c/strong>\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Secretaries of state are charged with administering elections in each state. And on Monday, Ohio Secretary of State Jon Husted, a Republican, insisted that rigging won't happen.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"First of all, I can reassure Donald Trump: I am in charge of elections in Ohio, and they're not going to be rigged. I'll make sure of that,\" \u003ca href=\"http://www.politico.com/story/2016/10/trump-election-rigged-ohio-secretary-of-state-229\">he told CNN\u003c/a>. \"Our institutions, like our election system, is one of the bedrocks of American democracy. We should not question it or the legitimacy of it. It works very well. In places like Ohio, we make it easy to vote and hard to cheat.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>And he's no enemy of Trump — Husted, by the way, said later Monday that he will vote for the Republican nominee.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Multiple other secretaries of state have likewise asserted that the elections in their states will not be rigged.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In addition, considering that the cries of election rigging are overwhelmingly coming from the right, there's another reason to be skeptical, as the \u003ca href=\"https://twitter.com/NickRiccardi/status/782210861330857985\">AP's Nick Riccardi\u003c/a> pointed out: Many of the closest states — Ohio, Iowa, Arizona, Florida, North Carolina, Alaska, Georgia — have Republican governors. That means the rigging would have to take place under Republican administrations — people who would, theoretically, have more reason to want Trump rather than Clinton to win.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>\u003cstrong>3. Clinton is already leading by a lot\u003c/strong>\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>With a really close race, there could potentially be more of an argument that \"rigging\" the election would be possible (with irregularities in particular counties or precincts, which would be challenged and subject to recounts and oversight and courts weighing in).\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But the way things look right now, that doesn't seem likely to happen.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"If the polls in November look like they do now, then I don't see much of an issue,\" Vanderbilt University political science professor Marc Hetherington \u003ca href=\"http://www.npr.org/2016/08/07/488893858/questioning-if-an-election-will-be-rigged-strikes-at-the-heart-of-democracy\">told NPR in August\u003c/a>. \"No one will find credible charges of election fraud if it looks like a blowout in advance.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>At the time, Clinton was far ahead of Trump — she had an 83 percent chance of winning to his 17, according to FiveThirtyEight. Now, it's looking slightly better for Clinton — 88 percent chance to his 12.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>It's true that some states will be close. But if Clinton is far enough ahead in enough states — which is looking increasingly likely — then it wouldn't be necessary to rig the election. (Or you'd have to believe that many polls in many states are rigged, which isn't happening.)\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>\u003cstrong>4. Election fraud is rare (and it's not quite \"rigging\" either)\u003c/strong>\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Multiple analyses have found the problem of voter fraud to be sparse.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>According to Loyola Law School professor Justin Levitt's comprehensive analysis, there were only \u003ca href=\"https://www.washingtonpost.com/news/wonk/wp/2014/08/06/a-comprehensive-investigation-of-voter-impersonation-finds-31-credible-incidents-out-of-one-billion-ballots-cast/\">31 incidents of the type of voter fraud\u003c/a> that could have been prevented by voter ID laws — that is, voter impersonation — from 2000 through 2014. Another analysis from News21 looked into 2,068 allegations of election fraud and found only 10 cases of impersonation.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>And after analyzing multiple studies, the \u003ca href=\"http://www.gao.gov/assets/670/665966.pdf\">Government Accountability Office\u003c/a> said it found \"few instances of in-person voter fraud\" (though it also acknowledged that in-person voter fraud is difficult to count accurately). So it appears that in-person voter fraud on the scale that it currently happens would have very little chance of swaying the election.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Still, Trump and Pence have told their supporters to head to the polls to make sure people are voting fairly on Election Day. But even then, they could easily miss some cases of fraud, because fraud via absentee ballots is \u003ca href=\"https://www.washingtonpost.com/news/the-fix/wp/2014/10/13/the-disconnect-between-voter-id-laws-and-voter-fraud/\">\"unfortunately quite real,\"\u003c/a> as Levitt told \u003cem>The Washington Post\u003c/em> in 2014.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Furthermore, as election lawyer Chris Ashby pointed out on CNN Monday afternoon (after an \u003ca href=\"https://twitter.com/ashbylaw/status/787352959633981440\">epic tweetstorm \u003c/a>over the weekend), individual instances of voter fraud aren't exactly \"rigging\" anyway. This isn't just semantics — yes, voter fraud is a bad thing. However, calling an election \"rigged\" implies a systematic, coordinated effort to cause one candidate to win.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>One more point here is that voter ID laws are the weapon of choice, particularly for politicians on the right, for fighting voter fraud. However, there's evidence that voter ID laws — which are put in place to fight voter fraud — end up swinging elections themselves.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>\u003cstrong>5 (and 6 and 7 and 8 ...). Read Chris Ashby's latest post\u003c/strong>\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>We'd be entirely remiss if we didn't point to Ashby's \u003ca href=\"https://extranewsfeed.com/the-election-is-not-rigged-23917d9b0534#.ii0k4de5k\">excellent Medium post\u003c/a> spelling out a few more reasons to be skeptical of \"rigging\" allegations. For example:\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>-- elections are held in public places and staffed by private citizens;\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>-- party officials and lawyers are at the ready to challenge if needed;\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>-- voting machines have systems in place to prevent fraud — for example, they are \"equipped with multiple interconnected counters that make it impossible to add or remove votes secretly\" (sorry, Olivia Pope); and ...\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>-- representatives of both candidates \u003cem>and \u003c/em>parties observe vote-counting.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>And on.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>So if someone tells you the election is rigged, it's just not true.\u003c/p>\n\u003cdiv class=\"fullattribution\">\u003cem>Copyright 2016 NPR. To see more, visit http://www.npr.org/.\u003cimg src=\"http://www.google-analytics.com/__utm.gif?utmac=UA-5828686-4&utmdt=5+Reasons+%28And+Then+Some%29+Not+To+Worry+About+A+%27Rigged%27+Election&utme=8(APIKey)9(MDAxOTAwOTE4MDEyMTkxMDAzNjczZDljZA004)\">\u003c/em>\u003c/div>\n\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>",
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"headTitle": "Election 2016 | The California Report | KQED News",
"content": "\u003cp>At some point everyone, regardless of party affiliation or lack thereof, wants to bail from a presidential election. OK, that's a hunch, but it's borne out, at least in part (caveats aplenty), in an online survey by the American Psychological Association.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Fifty-two percent of American adults tell the pollsters that the 2016 election is a very or somewhat significant source of stress. The survey was conducted online among adults 18 years old and older living in the U.S. \u003ca href=\"http://www.apa.org/news/press/releases/2016/10/presidential-election-stress.aspx\">by the Harris Poll for the association.\u003c/a>\u003c/p>\n\u003cblockquote>\u003cp>\"For the past decade, the Stress in America™ survey has examined how stress affects the health and well-being of American adults. Prior to the release of this year's full survey results slated for early 2017, APA highlighted data that points to Americans' stress levels related to the upcoming presidential election.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\" 'We're seeing that it doesn't matter whether you're registered as a Democrat or Republican — U.S. adults say they are experiencing significant stress from the current election,' said Lynn Bufka, PhD, APA's associate executive director for practice research and policy. Across party lines, those registered as Democrats (55 percent) and Republicans (59 percent) are statistically equally likely to say the election is a very or somewhat significant source of stress.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\" 'Election stress becomes exacerbated by arguments, stories, images and video on social media that can heighten concern and frustration, particularly with thousands of comments that can range from factual to hostile or even inflammatory,' said Bufka.\"\u003c/p>\u003c/blockquote>\n\u003cp>\"If there is an effect it's a lagged effect,\" says Joe Nunes. He is head of the marketing department at the University of Southern California Marshall School of Business and he studies consumer behavior. In an interview with NPR, Nunes says consumers and voters often show their reactions to elections in spending and investment patterns. However, so far in this election, Nunes says \"there's no economic indicator that shows people are fearful and not spending.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Nunes points out that the results of the American Psychological Association survey are not definitive. The poll is online and (more caveats) taken before the most recent round of political turmoil, but \"there is a real psychological effect of the news,\" Nunes says. If people felt the status quo was going to radically change, he says, \"they'd pull money out of the stock market, stop spending on major goods.\" He says people are likely feeling fatigue and concern but that's different from a panic.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But if you are feeling stressed, what can you do about it? \u003ca href=\"http://www.npr.org/sections/thetwo-way/2016/10/14/497942024/in-other-news-this-photo-of-an-elephant-snuggling-an-ostrich\">You could\u003c/a> follow\u003ca href=\"http://www.npr.org/sections/thetwo-way/2016/10/13/497824938/man-juggles-for-an-entire-marathon-without-a-single-drop\"> the links\u003c/a> to some of our \u003ca href=\"http://www.npr.org/sections/thetwo-way/2016/10/06/496938817/world-s-oldest-living-man-celebrates-his-bar-mitzvah-100-years-late\">non-politics news\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>And the APA has these suggestions:\u003c/p>\n\u003cblockquote>\u003cp>\"If the 24-hour news cycle of claims and counterclaims from the candidates is causing you stress, limit your media consumption. Read just enough to stay informed. Turn off the newsfeed or take a digital break. Take some time for yourself, go for a walk, or spend time with friends and family doing things that you enjoy.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"Avoid getting into discussions about the election if you think they have the potential to escalate to conflict. Be cognizant of the frequency with which you're discussing the election with friends, family members or coworkers.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"Stress and anxiety about what might happen is not productive. Channel your concerns to make a positive difference on issues you care about. Consider volunteering in your community, advocating for an issue you support or joining a local group. Remember that in addition to the presidential election, there are state and local elections taking place in many parts of the country, providing more opportunities for civic involvement.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"Whatever happens on Nov. 8, life will go on. Our political system and the three branches of government mean that we can expect a significant degree of stability immediately after a major transition of government. Avoid catastrophizing, and maintain a balanced perspective.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"Vote. In a democracy, a citizen's voice does matter. By voting, you will hopefully feel you are taking a proactive step and participating in what for many has been a stressful election cycle. Find balanced information to learn about all the candidates and issues on your ballot (not just the presidential race), make informed decisions and wear your 'I voted' sticker with pride.\"\u003c/p>\u003c/blockquote>\n\u003cdiv class=\"fullattribution\">Copyright 2016 NPR. To see more, visit http://www.npr.org/.\u003cimg src=\"http://www.google-analytics.com/__utm.gif?utmac=UA-5828686-4&utmdt=Survey+Says+Americans+Are+Getting+Stressed+By+The+Elections&utme=8(APIKey)9(MDAxOTAwOTE4MDEyMTkxMDAzNjczZDljZA004)\">\u003c/div>\n\n",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>At some point everyone, regardless of party affiliation or lack thereof, wants to bail from a presidential election. OK, that's a hunch, but it's borne out, at least in part (caveats aplenty), in an online survey by the American Psychological Association.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Fifty-two percent of American adults tell the pollsters that the 2016 election is a very or somewhat significant source of stress. The survey was conducted online among adults 18 years old and older living in the U.S. \u003ca href=\"http://www.apa.org/news/press/releases/2016/10/presidential-election-stress.aspx\">by the Harris Poll for the association.\u003c/a>\u003c/p>\n\u003cblockquote>\u003cp>\"For the past decade, the Stress in America™ survey has examined how stress affects the health and well-being of American adults. Prior to the release of this year's full survey results slated for early 2017, APA highlighted data that points to Americans' stress levels related to the upcoming presidential election.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\" 'We're seeing that it doesn't matter whether you're registered as a Democrat or Republican — U.S. adults say they are experiencing significant stress from the current election,' said Lynn Bufka, PhD, APA's associate executive director for practice research and policy. Across party lines, those registered as Democrats (55 percent) and Republicans (59 percent) are statistically equally likely to say the election is a very or somewhat significant source of stress.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\" 'Election stress becomes exacerbated by arguments, stories, images and video on social media that can heighten concern and frustration, particularly with thousands of comments that can range from factual to hostile or even inflammatory,' said Bufka.\"\u003c/p>\u003c/blockquote>\n\u003cp>\"If there is an effect it's a lagged effect,\" says Joe Nunes. He is head of the marketing department at the University of Southern California Marshall School of Business and he studies consumer behavior. In an interview with NPR, Nunes says consumers and voters often show their reactions to elections in spending and investment patterns. However, so far in this election, Nunes says \"there's no economic indicator that shows people are fearful and not spending.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Nunes points out that the results of the American Psychological Association survey are not definitive. The poll is online and (more caveats) taken before the most recent round of political turmoil, but \"there is a real psychological effect of the news,\" Nunes says. If people felt the status quo was going to radically change, he says, \"they'd pull money out of the stock market, stop spending on major goods.\" He says people are likely feeling fatigue and concern but that's different from a panic.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But if you are feeling stressed, what can you do about it? \u003ca href=\"http://www.npr.org/sections/thetwo-way/2016/10/14/497942024/in-other-news-this-photo-of-an-elephant-snuggling-an-ostrich\">You could\u003c/a> follow\u003ca href=\"http://www.npr.org/sections/thetwo-way/2016/10/13/497824938/man-juggles-for-an-entire-marathon-without-a-single-drop\"> the links\u003c/a> to some of our \u003ca href=\"http://www.npr.org/sections/thetwo-way/2016/10/06/496938817/world-s-oldest-living-man-celebrates-his-bar-mitzvah-100-years-late\">non-politics news\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>And the APA has these suggestions:\u003c/p>\n\u003cblockquote>\u003cp>\"If the 24-hour news cycle of claims and counterclaims from the candidates is causing you stress, limit your media consumption. Read just enough to stay informed. Turn off the newsfeed or take a digital break. Take some time for yourself, go for a walk, or spend time with friends and family doing things that you enjoy.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"Avoid getting into discussions about the election if you think they have the potential to escalate to conflict. Be cognizant of the frequency with which you're discussing the election with friends, family members or coworkers.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"Stress and anxiety about what might happen is not productive. Channel your concerns to make a positive difference on issues you care about. Consider volunteering in your community, advocating for an issue you support or joining a local group. Remember that in addition to the presidential election, there are state and local elections taking place in many parts of the country, providing more opportunities for civic involvement.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"Whatever happens on Nov. 8, life will go on. Our political system and the three branches of government mean that we can expect a significant degree of stability immediately after a major transition of government. Avoid catastrophizing, and maintain a balanced perspective.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"Vote. In a democracy, a citizen's voice does matter. By voting, you will hopefully feel you are taking a proactive step and participating in what for many has been a stressful election cycle. Find balanced information to learn about all the candidates and issues on your ballot (not just the presidential race), make informed decisions and wear your 'I voted' sticker with pride.\"\u003c/p>\u003c/blockquote>\n\u003cdiv class=\"fullattribution\">Copyright 2016 NPR. To see more, visit http://www.npr.org/.\u003cimg src=\"http://www.google-analytics.com/__utm.gif?utmac=UA-5828686-4&utmdt=Survey+Says+Americans+Are+Getting+Stressed+By+The+Elections&utme=8(APIKey)9(MDAxOTAwOTE4MDEyMTkxMDAzNjczZDljZA004)\">\u003c/div>\n\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>",
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"disqusTitle": "Harnessing Social Media To Reconnect Homeless People With Their Families",
"title": "Harnessing Social Media To Reconnect Homeless People With Their Families",
"headTitle": "News Fix | KQED News",
"content": "\u003cp>San Francisco has made headlines as a hub for technology — giants like Facebook, Apple and Google are headquartered nearby, as are a plethora of tech startups. At the same time, residents complain that those same tech companies are part of the cause of the city's \u003ca href=\"https://www.wired.com/2016/02/sfs-tech-bus-problem-isnt-about-buses-its-about-housing/\">astronomical cost of living\u003c/a> — and in turn contributing to the city's big homeless problem.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Homelessness in the city is \u003ca href=\"http://www.npr.org/2016/07/03/484516166/san-francisco-media-outlets-unite-to-help-end-the-citys-homelessness\">well reported\u003c/a> — the San Francisco Chronicle even ran a \u003ca href=\"http://projects.sfchronicle.com/sf-homeless/civic-disgrace/\">front-page editorial\u003c/a> earlier this year calling the \"level and pervasiveness of homelessness in San Francisco\" a \"civic disgrace.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Measuring the number of homeless people in San Francisco is hard. One estimate gathered by a group of volunteers over one night counted 6,686 adults. The city's \u003ca href=\"http://sfbos.org/sites/default/files/FileCenter/Documents/56163-061316%20Homeless%20Services%20in%20SF_Bud%26LegAnalyst.pdf\">Department of Public Health\u003c/a> counts homeless people using city services over a year and counted 9,975.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>San Francisco doesn't lead the country in per capita homelessness. But the reason San Francisco's homeless problem is much more visible than in other large cities is because the city has more per capita unsheltered homeless people: \"511 people on the streets for every 100,000 residents,\" as noted by \u003ca href=\"http://projects.sfchronicle.com/sf-homeless/numbers/\">the Chronicle\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Naturally, someone in San Francisco had an idea to use technology to help alleviate one of the symptoms of homelessness: falling out of touch with one's family.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>That's the mission of \u003ca href=\"http://www.miraclemessages.org/\">Miracle Messages\u003c/a>, an organization started by Kevin Adler in 2014. Volunteers record video messages from homeless people to their loved ones, who they have often not seen for many years. The organization then uses social media to publicize the videos in hope of contacting that person's family.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=glXZS-LDVHE\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Dave Adams lived on the streets in San Francisco for 20 years. He tells NPR's Mary Louise Kelly that he lost touch with his family and couldn't figure out how to make contact. \"I ain't computer smart,\" he says.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>That changed after he recorded a video message with a Miracle Messages volunteer. Adams learned he had a half-sister named Dorothy, who had been looking for him for years. Adams says she started crying the first time he called her.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>It's one of the success stories for founder and CEO Adler, who says messages are positively received in about 90 percent of the cases where they reach the family. Many people are hesitant to participate at first, though.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"They've said, 'Well, I don't know how the family is going to respond, I feel like a burden, I feel ashamed, I'm embarrassed,' \" Adler tells NPR. \"Trying to get past that — doing something very simple, with what we call a video postcard, is a very helpful first step for basically saying who you love, who you want to reconnect with, whatever kind of message you want to leave. And we'll do our best to deliver it.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The mission is personal for Adler. It has to do with empathy and understanding people as more than just the label \"homeless,\" including his own family.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11133746\" class=\"wp-caption alignnone\" style=\"max-width: 800px\">\u003cimg class=\"size-medium wp-image-11133746\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2016/10/RS13835_mission_camp_for_web-800x546.jpg\" alt=\"A homeless encampment in San Francisco.\" width=\"800\" height=\"546\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">A homeless encampment in San Francisco. \u003ccite>(Eric Lawson/San Francisco Public Press)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>\"My uncle Mark had been homeless for about 30 years,\" Adler says. \"He suffered from schizophrenia, lived on and off the streets. I never saw him as a homeless man. He's my beloved uncle.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"I ain't homeless, I'm houseless,\" Adams interrupts.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"Exactly — houseless,\" Adler says. \"And so when we walk down the street and we see someone who is without a house, it's easy to define them by that. And we want to live in a world where we walk down the street and we don't see Homeless Joe or Jane ... but we see someone's loved one.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"Homelessness is a state of mind,\" Adams says. \"Houseless is like how I think about it. Where you lay your head at night and lay down and go to sleep. Whether it's in a mansion, whether it's in a jail cell, or a car, or school bus, or a doorway — one thing about it is, that's home.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Adler's goal for Miracle Messages is ambitious.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"We want to reunite 1 million people by 2021,\" he says. \"That's 1 percent of the world's homeless population — houseless population. So yeah, if we're really going to move the needle in ending homelessness and using social media for social good, we figure we need to set the goal at least at a million, and then hopefully exceed it.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>For his part, Adams is headed to work and live at his sister's farm in Tennessee. She's going to pick him up at the bus stop, he says.\u003c/p>\n\u003cdiv class=\"fullattribution\">\u003cem>Copyright 2016 NPR. To see more, visit http://www.npr.org/.\u003cimg src=\"http://www.google-analytics.com/__utm.gif?utmac=UA-5828686-4&utmdt=Harnessing+Social+Media+To+Reconnect+Homeless+People+With+Their+Families&utme=8(APIKey)9(MDAxOTAwOTE4MDEyMTkxMDAzNjczZDljZA004)\">\u003c/em>\u003c/div>\n\n",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>San Francisco has made headlines as a hub for technology — giants like Facebook, Apple and Google are headquartered nearby, as are a plethora of tech startups. At the same time, residents complain that those same tech companies are part of the cause of the city's \u003ca href=\"https://www.wired.com/2016/02/sfs-tech-bus-problem-isnt-about-buses-its-about-housing/\">astronomical cost of living\u003c/a> — and in turn contributing to the city's big homeless problem.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Homelessness in the city is \u003ca href=\"http://www.npr.org/2016/07/03/484516166/san-francisco-media-outlets-unite-to-help-end-the-citys-homelessness\">well reported\u003c/a> — the San Francisco Chronicle even ran a \u003ca href=\"http://projects.sfchronicle.com/sf-homeless/civic-disgrace/\">front-page editorial\u003c/a> earlier this year calling the \"level and pervasiveness of homelessness in San Francisco\" a \"civic disgrace.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Measuring the number of homeless people in San Francisco is hard. One estimate gathered by a group of volunteers over one night counted 6,686 adults. The city's \u003ca href=\"http://sfbos.org/sites/default/files/FileCenter/Documents/56163-061316%20Homeless%20Services%20in%20SF_Bud%26LegAnalyst.pdf\">Department of Public Health\u003c/a> counts homeless people using city services over a year and counted 9,975.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>San Francisco doesn't lead the country in per capita homelessness. But the reason San Francisco's homeless problem is much more visible than in other large cities is because the city has more per capita unsheltered homeless people: \"511 people on the streets for every 100,000 residents,\" as noted by \u003ca href=\"http://projects.sfchronicle.com/sf-homeless/numbers/\">the Chronicle\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Naturally, someone in San Francisco had an idea to use technology to help alleviate one of the symptoms of homelessness: falling out of touch with one's family.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>That's the mission of \u003ca href=\"http://www.miraclemessages.org/\">Miracle Messages\u003c/a>, an organization started by Kevin Adler in 2014. Volunteers record video messages from homeless people to their loved ones, who they have often not seen for many years. The organization then uses social media to publicize the videos in hope of contacting that person's family.\u003c/p>\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003cspan class='utils-parseShortcode-shortcodes-__youtubeShortcode__embedYoutube'>\n \u003cspan class='utils-parseShortcode-shortcodes-__youtubeShortcode__embedYoutubeInside'>\n \u003ciframe\n loading='lazy'\n class='utils-parseShortcode-shortcodes-__youtubeShortcode__youtubePlayer'\n type='text/html'\n src='//www.youtube.com/embed/glXZS-LDVHE'\n title='//www.youtube.com/embed/glXZS-LDVHE'\n allowfullscreen='true'\n style='border:0;'>\u003c/iframe>\n \u003c/span>\n \u003c/span>\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003cp>Dave Adams lived on the streets in San Francisco for 20 years. He tells NPR's Mary Louise Kelly that he lost touch with his family and couldn't figure out how to make contact. \"I ain't computer smart,\" he says.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>That changed after he recorded a video message with a Miracle Messages volunteer. Adams learned he had a half-sister named Dorothy, who had been looking for him for years. Adams says she started crying the first time he called her.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>It's one of the success stories for founder and CEO Adler, who says messages are positively received in about 90 percent of the cases where they reach the family. Many people are hesitant to participate at first, though.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"They've said, 'Well, I don't know how the family is going to respond, I feel like a burden, I feel ashamed, I'm embarrassed,' \" Adler tells NPR. \"Trying to get past that — doing something very simple, with what we call a video postcard, is a very helpful first step for basically saying who you love, who you want to reconnect with, whatever kind of message you want to leave. And we'll do our best to deliver it.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The mission is personal for Adler. It has to do with empathy and understanding people as more than just the label \"homeless,\" including his own family.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11133746\" class=\"wp-caption alignnone\" style=\"max-width: 800px\">\u003cimg class=\"size-medium wp-image-11133746\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2016/10/RS13835_mission_camp_for_web-800x546.jpg\" alt=\"A homeless encampment in San Francisco.\" width=\"800\" height=\"546\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">A homeless encampment in San Francisco. \u003ccite>(Eric Lawson/San Francisco Public Press)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>\"My uncle Mark had been homeless for about 30 years,\" Adler says. \"He suffered from schizophrenia, lived on and off the streets. I never saw him as a homeless man. He's my beloved uncle.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"I ain't homeless, I'm houseless,\" Adams interrupts.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"Exactly — houseless,\" Adler says. \"And so when we walk down the street and we see someone who is without a house, it's easy to define them by that. And we want to live in a world where we walk down the street and we don't see Homeless Joe or Jane ... but we see someone's loved one.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"Homelessness is a state of mind,\" Adams says. \"Houseless is like how I think about it. Where you lay your head at night and lay down and go to sleep. Whether it's in a mansion, whether it's in a jail cell, or a car, or school bus, or a doorway — one thing about it is, that's home.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Adler's goal for Miracle Messages is ambitious.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"We want to reunite 1 million people by 2021,\" he says. \"That's 1 percent of the world's homeless population — houseless population. So yeah, if we're really going to move the needle in ending homelessness and using social media for social good, we figure we need to set the goal at least at a million, and then hopefully exceed it.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>For his part, Adams is headed to work and live at his sister's farm in Tennessee. She's going to pick him up at the bus stop, he says.\u003c/p>\n\u003cdiv class=\"fullattribution\">\u003cem>Copyright 2016 NPR. To see more, visit http://www.npr.org/.\u003cimg src=\"http://www.google-analytics.com/__utm.gif?utmac=UA-5828686-4&utmdt=Harnessing+Social+Media+To+Reconnect+Homeless+People+With+Their+Families&utme=8(APIKey)9(MDAxOTAwOTE4MDEyMTkxMDAzNjczZDljZA004)\">\u003c/em>\u003c/div>\n\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>",
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"content": "\u003cp>When doctors want to help untangle confusing and sometimes contradictory findings in the scientific literature, they often turn to specially crafted summary studies. These are considered the gold standard for evidence. But one of the leading advocates for this practice is now raising alarm about them, because they are increasingly being tainted by commercial interests.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>For many years, these studies — called meta-analyses and systematic reviews — seemed to solve a big problem. Doctors who had once relied on each other's expert opinions to select the best treatments gradually turned to careful scientific studies instead.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But the number of studies mushroomed and often came to different conclusions. So in the 1990s, doctors and medical advisory committees started relying on studies that combined results from many different research projects to streamline the search for answers.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>These kinds of studies are \"extremely important,\" says \u003ca href=\"https://med.stanford.edu/profiles/john-ioannidis\">Dr. John Ioannidis\u003c/a>, a professor of medicine health research and policy at Stanford University. He has conducted many of these types of studies over the course of his career. \"They're trying to make some sense out of a very convoluted scientific and medical literature.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But Ioannidis says unfortunately things have gotten out of hand. First, \"the problem is that there are just too many meta-analyses,\" Ioannidis says.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In a \u003ca href=\"http://www.milbank.org/wp-content/files/documents/The_Mass_Production_of_Redundant_Misleading_and_Conflicted_Systematic_Reviews_and_Meta-Analyses.pdf\">recent study on the subject\u003c/a>, titled \"The Mass Production of Redundant, Misleading, and Conflicted Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses,\" he chose as an example studies involving antidepressant drugs. \"There are 185 of them published in the literature within seven years, which means about 25 of them published every year for the very same drugs and the very same indication, major depression,\" Ioannidis said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>What's worse, they're increasingly being generated by scientists who have financial interests in the outcome, Ioannidis \u003ca href=\"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/26399904\">found\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"About 80 percent of them have been funded or have some other conflicts of interest with manufacturers of these drugs,\" he says. \"If you look at what their conclusions are, those that have been authored by industry employees, practically all of them, with one exception, have claimed that there are no caveats about antidepressants.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>You have to read deep into the studies to find warnings about potential suicide risks, for example — if downsides are mentioned at all.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>That's potentially misleading to doctors who turn to this kind of analysis to get a quick take on what works and what doesn't. Ioannidis says the drug industry has started using meta-analysis for commercial purposes, rather than as a disinterested look at the evidence.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"They can get the results or at least the interpretation that fits their needs. So you have the most powerful and most prestigious design in current medical evidence, and it can be easily manipulated as an advertisement, as a marketing tool.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>And that defeats one of the main purposes of these studies, which is to make an overflowing scientific literature more manageable.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Peter Kramer, a clinical professor emeritus at Brown University and author of \u003cem>Listening to Prozac,\u003c/em> took a deep dive into meta-analyses when he was writing his latest book, \u003ca href=\"http://www.wbur.org/onpoint/2016/06/16/peter-kramers-new-defense-of-antidepressants\">Ordinarily Well\u003c/a>. He found the situation even worse than Ioannidis suggests.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"In some ways my doubts are stronger than his,\" Kramer told Shots.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Some analyses he looked at were trying to parse very subtle differences — for example, comparing two very similar antidepressants. You could get any answer you want, depending on how you set up the study, Kramer says.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>And the problems he found aren't simply commercial conflicts of interest. For example, he saw biases among academics who were wedded to the notion that placebos are just as good as actual drugs for depression.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"Even on that side of the equation, where there's no adverse sponsorship but just an allegiance to an idea, I thought it wasn't always the case that everybody's hands were on the table,\" Kramer said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But financial conflicts are easier to identify. Five years ago, the National Academy's Institute of Medicine (now called the National Academy of Medicine) suggested dozens of standards that should apply to systematic reviews of the research literature.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The influence of funders is a concern, says \u003ca href=\"https://depts.washington.edu/fammed/profile/?id=00041\">Dr. Alfred Berg\u003c/a>, a professor emeritus of family medicine at the University of Washington who chaired one of the committees.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"If there's obvious sponsorship from an organization that might have a conflict of interest, that's probably not a good idea,\" he says. It's reasonable to suggest that scientists with clear financial conflicts of interest should not be producing these studies. \"Is it going to happen in my lifetime?\" Berg says. \"Probably not!\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Pfizer, one of the many drug companies that fund meta-analyses involving their own products, declined an interview request. But the company noted in an emailed statement that the drug company \"shares data from its clinical trials with outside members of the research community for them to conduct their own independent meta-analyses.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Fortunately, scientific journals are starting to do a better job of making sure researchers disclose their financial interests. It's up to readers now to take heed.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>Email Richard Harris at \u003ca href=\"mailto:rharris@npr.org\">rharris@npr.org.\u003c/a>\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\u003cdiv class=\"fullattribution\">Copyright 2016 NPR. To see more, visit http://www.npr.org/.\u003cimg src=\"http://www.google-analytics.com/__utm.gif?utmac=UA-5828686-4&utmdt=Reviews+Of+Medical+Studies+May+Be+Tainted+By+Funders%27+Influence&utme=8(APIKey)9(MDAxOTAwOTE4MDEyMTkxMDAzNjczZDljZA004)\">\u003c/div>\n\n",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>When doctors want to help untangle confusing and sometimes contradictory findings in the scientific literature, they often turn to specially crafted summary studies. These are considered the gold standard for evidence. But one of the leading advocates for this practice is now raising alarm about them, because they are increasingly being tainted by commercial interests.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>For many years, these studies — called meta-analyses and systematic reviews — seemed to solve a big problem. Doctors who had once relied on each other's expert opinions to select the best treatments gradually turned to careful scientific studies instead.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But the number of studies mushroomed and often came to different conclusions. So in the 1990s, doctors and medical advisory committees started relying on studies that combined results from many different research projects to streamline the search for answers.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>These kinds of studies are \"extremely important,\" says \u003ca href=\"https://med.stanford.edu/profiles/john-ioannidis\">Dr. John Ioannidis\u003c/a>, a professor of medicine health research and policy at Stanford University. He has conducted many of these types of studies over the course of his career. \"They're trying to make some sense out of a very convoluted scientific and medical literature.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But Ioannidis says unfortunately things have gotten out of hand. First, \"the problem is that there are just too many meta-analyses,\" Ioannidis says.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In a \u003ca href=\"http://www.milbank.org/wp-content/files/documents/The_Mass_Production_of_Redundant_Misleading_and_Conflicted_Systematic_Reviews_and_Meta-Analyses.pdf\">recent study on the subject\u003c/a>, titled \"The Mass Production of Redundant, Misleading, and Conflicted Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses,\" he chose as an example studies involving antidepressant drugs. \"There are 185 of them published in the literature within seven years, which means about 25 of them published every year for the very same drugs and the very same indication, major depression,\" Ioannidis said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>What's worse, they're increasingly being generated by scientists who have financial interests in the outcome, Ioannidis \u003ca href=\"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/26399904\">found\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"About 80 percent of them have been funded or have some other conflicts of interest with manufacturers of these drugs,\" he says. \"If you look at what their conclusions are, those that have been authored by industry employees, practically all of them, with one exception, have claimed that there are no caveats about antidepressants.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>You have to read deep into the studies to find warnings about potential suicide risks, for example — if downsides are mentioned at all.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>That's potentially misleading to doctors who turn to this kind of analysis to get a quick take on what works and what doesn't. Ioannidis says the drug industry has started using meta-analysis for commercial purposes, rather than as a disinterested look at the evidence.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"They can get the results or at least the interpretation that fits their needs. So you have the most powerful and most prestigious design in current medical evidence, and it can be easily manipulated as an advertisement, as a marketing tool.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>And that defeats one of the main purposes of these studies, which is to make an overflowing scientific literature more manageable.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Peter Kramer, a clinical professor emeritus at Brown University and author of \u003cem>Listening to Prozac,\u003c/em> took a deep dive into meta-analyses when he was writing his latest book, \u003ca href=\"http://www.wbur.org/onpoint/2016/06/16/peter-kramers-new-defense-of-antidepressants\">Ordinarily Well\u003c/a>. He found the situation even worse than Ioannidis suggests.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"In some ways my doubts are stronger than his,\" Kramer told Shots.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Some analyses he looked at were trying to parse very subtle differences — for example, comparing two very similar antidepressants. You could get any answer you want, depending on how you set up the study, Kramer says.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>And the problems he found aren't simply commercial conflicts of interest. For example, he saw biases among academics who were wedded to the notion that placebos are just as good as actual drugs for depression.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"Even on that side of the equation, where there's no adverse sponsorship but just an allegiance to an idea, I thought it wasn't always the case that everybody's hands were on the table,\" Kramer said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But financial conflicts are easier to identify. Five years ago, the National Academy's Institute of Medicine (now called the National Academy of Medicine) suggested dozens of standards that should apply to systematic reviews of the research literature.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The influence of funders is a concern, says \u003ca href=\"https://depts.washington.edu/fammed/profile/?id=00041\">Dr. Alfred Berg\u003c/a>, a professor emeritus of family medicine at the University of Washington who chaired one of the committees.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"If there's obvious sponsorship from an organization that might have a conflict of interest, that's probably not a good idea,\" he says. It's reasonable to suggest that scientists with clear financial conflicts of interest should not be producing these studies. \"Is it going to happen in my lifetime?\" Berg says. \"Probably not!\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Pfizer, one of the many drug companies that fund meta-analyses involving their own products, declined an interview request. But the company noted in an emailed statement that the drug company \"shares data from its clinical trials with outside members of the research community for them to conduct their own independent meta-analyses.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Fortunately, scientific journals are starting to do a better job of making sure researchers disclose their financial interests. It's up to readers now to take heed.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>Email Richard Harris at \u003ca href=\"mailto:rharris@npr.org\">rharris@npr.org.\u003c/a>\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\u003cdiv class=\"fullattribution\">Copyright 2016 NPR. To see more, visit http://www.npr.org/.\u003cimg src=\"http://www.google-analytics.com/__utm.gif?utmac=UA-5828686-4&utmdt=Reviews+Of+Medical+Studies+May+Be+Tainted+By+Funders%27+Influence&utme=8(APIKey)9(MDAxOTAwOTE4MDEyMTkxMDAzNjczZDljZA004)\">\u003c/div>\n\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>",
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"disqusTitle": "Asian-Americans Continue to Drift Away From the GOP, But It's a Complicated Story",
"title": "Asian-Americans Continue to Drift Away From the GOP, But It's a Complicated Story",
"headTitle": "Election 2016 | The California Report | KQED News",
"content": "\u003cp>Former Florida Gov. Jeb Bush once described Asian-Americans as the \"canary in the coal mine\" of the Republican Party, saying that if Republicans didn't make more of an effort to court the fastest-growing racial group in the United States, the party would pay a price at the polls.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Now a \u003ca href=\"http://naasurvey.com/wp-content/uploads/2016/10/NAAS2016-Oct5-report.pdf\">new report\u003c/a> from the National Asian American Survey finds not only that Asian-Americans continue a steady drift away from the GOP, but that the party may be losing one of its most reliable ethnic groups.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Among registered Asian-American voters, the survey found Democrat Hillary Clinton had a 4-1 lead over Republican Donald Trump.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Alton Wang, a communications associate with the nonpartisan group \u003ca href=\"http://www.apiavote.org/\">APIAVote\u003c/a>, said many Asian-Americans are \u003ca href=\"http://www.npr.org/sections/itsallpolitics/2015/09/16/439574726/how-asian-american-voters-went-from-republican-to-democratic\">increasingly turned off\u003c/a> by anti-immigrant and anti-Muslim rhetoric. More than one in five respondents were undecided. This is especially key because swing states, including Nevada, Virginia and North Carolina, have sizable Asian-American populations with undecided voters.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>One group stood out. Vietnamese-Americans were once considered a reliable Republican voting bloc. But since 2008, more voters identified as something other than Republican. Here's what the survey found:\u003c/p>\n\u003cblockquote>\u003cp>\"In the past, Vietnamese Americans were the only Asian American group more likely to identify as Republican than Democrat. In 2008, 42% of Vietnamese American registered voters identified as Republican, compared to 23% in 2016. Among this group, non-partisan identifiers are growing. In 2008, 40% of Vietnamese registered voters identified as independent or claimed they did 'not think in terms of political parties,' but this number rose to 47% in 2016.\"\u003c/p>\u003c/blockquote>\n\u003cp>Vietnamese-Americans, many of whom \u003ca href=\"http://www.migrationpolicy.org/article/vietnamese-immigrants-united-states\">came to the U.S.\u003c/a> as refugees after the Vietnam War, stood out in one other way: They were among the least likely to say they support accepting Syrian refugees into the United States.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Trump has made opposition to Syrian resettlement in the U.S. a key part of his campaign.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"It's so ironic and contradictory to their history as refugees,\" said Linda Vo, a professor at the University of California, Irvine, who has been trying to make sense of this inconsistency. \"I've asked these individuals, 'Why would you be supportive of a candidate [Trump] who is anti-refugee, anti-immigrant, when you yourself came as one?' \"\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11128468\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 690px\">\u003cimg class=\"size-full wp-image-11128468\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2016/10/screen-shot-2016-10-12-at-11.28.18-am_custom-11ebd33722b9288b4d427577e8cdcaeec373f0f8.png\" alt=\"Source: 2016 National Asian American Survey of 1,694 Asian-American and 261 Native Hawaiian and Pacific Islander registered voters conducted by telephone between Aug. 10 and Sept. 29, 2016. The overall margin of error is +/- 3.5 percent.\" width=\"690\" height=\"408\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2016/10/screen-shot-2016-10-12-at-11.28.18-am_custom-11ebd33722b9288b4d427577e8cdcaeec373f0f8.png 690w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2016/10/screen-shot-2016-10-12-at-11.28.18-am_custom-11ebd33722b9288b4d427577e8cdcaeec373f0f8-400x237.png 400w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 690px) 100vw, 690px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Source: 2016 National Asian American Survey of 1,694 Asian-American and 261 Native Hawaiian and Pacific Islander registered voters conducted by telephone between Aug. 10 and Sept. 29, 2016. The overall margin of error is +/- 3.5 percent. \u003ccite>(Alyson Hurt/NPR)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Janelle Wong, one of the NAAS researchers, who also heads the Asian-American Studies department at the University of Maryland, broke the data down even further. She said Vietnamese-American respondents who are younger, U.S.-born and with a college degree were more likely to say they'd welcome Syrian refugees. Of all the groups surveyed, Vietnamese-Americans were the most divided: 34 percent said they opposed accepting refugees; 27 percent refused to answer the question or said they didn't know; and 38 percent said they favored accepting refugees. This is in stark contrast to Hmong-American respondents, 74 percent of whom supported accepting refugees.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Vo said many of the Vietnamese-Americans she spoke with who aren't welcoming of refugees tend to agree with the view that Syrian refugees are dangerous, and they think of themselves as different. That is, they consider themselves to be \"good\" refugees.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Postwar refugees from Vietnam, she said, considered the Republican Party to be more anti-Communist and — for the largely Catholic immigrants — more socially conservative, with values that aligned with their own. Second-generation Vietnamese-Americans, Vo said, tend to vote for Democratic candidates — as they voted for Barack Obama in 2012.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"They're shifting away from the Republican Party, but not yet ready to commit to Democrats,\" Wong said. Many Vietnamese-Americans tend to be \"big government people\" — supporting social services, including Obamacare — but aren't necessarily comfortable with the label of \"Democrat,\" she said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>I talked with Steven Mai, a 42-year-old Vietnamese-American engineer and community activist who lives in Garden Grove, California. Mai immigrated to the U.S. in 1985. He's a Republican but says he doesn't always vote for GOP candidates. He said he had supported Trump until the Republican candidate \u003ca href=\"http://www.nytimes.com/2016/07/31/us/politics/donald-trump-khizr-khan-wife-ghazala.html\">criticized the family\u003c/a> of Humayun Khan, an American Muslim Army captain who died in Iraq.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"Trump, when he was attacking that family ... I said, 'That's it, that's my final call,' \" said Mai, who serves in the California State Military Reserve. \"And now I confirmed my belief that yes ... he's just proven over time that he was never a leader.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But Mai's parents feel differently.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"My parents are going to vote for Donald Trump,\" he said. \"Even though I told them their votes can be very dangerous, they said, 'Well, I'm not particularly liking Trump, I just don't like Hillary.'\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"I did mention that, 'Hey, after all, this person [Trump] is not supporting us — particularly minorities, or refugees. But my mom, she said, 'Well, the better of the two is still going to be Trump,' because [my parents are] Republican, and they vote by party line.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Copyright 2016 NPR. To see more, visit http://www.npr.org/.\u003c/p>\n\n",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>Former Florida Gov. Jeb Bush once described Asian-Americans as the \"canary in the coal mine\" of the Republican Party, saying that if Republicans didn't make more of an effort to court the fastest-growing racial group in the United States, the party would pay a price at the polls.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Now a \u003ca href=\"http://naasurvey.com/wp-content/uploads/2016/10/NAAS2016-Oct5-report.pdf\">new report\u003c/a> from the National Asian American Survey finds not only that Asian-Americans continue a steady drift away from the GOP, but that the party may be losing one of its most reliable ethnic groups.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Among registered Asian-American voters, the survey found Democrat Hillary Clinton had a 4-1 lead over Republican Donald Trump.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Alton Wang, a communications associate with the nonpartisan group \u003ca href=\"http://www.apiavote.org/\">APIAVote\u003c/a>, said many Asian-Americans are \u003ca href=\"http://www.npr.org/sections/itsallpolitics/2015/09/16/439574726/how-asian-american-voters-went-from-republican-to-democratic\">increasingly turned off\u003c/a> by anti-immigrant and anti-Muslim rhetoric. More than one in five respondents were undecided. This is especially key because swing states, including Nevada, Virginia and North Carolina, have sizable Asian-American populations with undecided voters.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>One group stood out. Vietnamese-Americans were once considered a reliable Republican voting bloc. But since 2008, more voters identified as something other than Republican. Here's what the survey found:\u003c/p>\n\u003cblockquote>\u003cp>\"In the past, Vietnamese Americans were the only Asian American group more likely to identify as Republican than Democrat. In 2008, 42% of Vietnamese American registered voters identified as Republican, compared to 23% in 2016. Among this group, non-partisan identifiers are growing. In 2008, 40% of Vietnamese registered voters identified as independent or claimed they did 'not think in terms of political parties,' but this number rose to 47% in 2016.\"\u003c/p>\u003c/blockquote>\n\u003cp>Vietnamese-Americans, many of whom \u003ca href=\"http://www.migrationpolicy.org/article/vietnamese-immigrants-united-states\">came to the U.S.\u003c/a> as refugees after the Vietnam War, stood out in one other way: They were among the least likely to say they support accepting Syrian refugees into the United States.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Trump has made opposition to Syrian resettlement in the U.S. a key part of his campaign.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"It's so ironic and contradictory to their history as refugees,\" said Linda Vo, a professor at the University of California, Irvine, who has been trying to make sense of this inconsistency. \"I've asked these individuals, 'Why would you be supportive of a candidate [Trump] who is anti-refugee, anti-immigrant, when you yourself came as one?' \"\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11128468\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 690px\">\u003cimg class=\"size-full wp-image-11128468\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2016/10/screen-shot-2016-10-12-at-11.28.18-am_custom-11ebd33722b9288b4d427577e8cdcaeec373f0f8.png\" alt=\"Source: 2016 National Asian American Survey of 1,694 Asian-American and 261 Native Hawaiian and Pacific Islander registered voters conducted by telephone between Aug. 10 and Sept. 29, 2016. The overall margin of error is +/- 3.5 percent.\" width=\"690\" height=\"408\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2016/10/screen-shot-2016-10-12-at-11.28.18-am_custom-11ebd33722b9288b4d427577e8cdcaeec373f0f8.png 690w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2016/10/screen-shot-2016-10-12-at-11.28.18-am_custom-11ebd33722b9288b4d427577e8cdcaeec373f0f8-400x237.png 400w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 690px) 100vw, 690px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Source: 2016 National Asian American Survey of 1,694 Asian-American and 261 Native Hawaiian and Pacific Islander registered voters conducted by telephone between Aug. 10 and Sept. 29, 2016. The overall margin of error is +/- 3.5 percent. \u003ccite>(Alyson Hurt/NPR)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Janelle Wong, one of the NAAS researchers, who also heads the Asian-American Studies department at the University of Maryland, broke the data down even further. She said Vietnamese-American respondents who are younger, U.S.-born and with a college degree were more likely to say they'd welcome Syrian refugees. Of all the groups surveyed, Vietnamese-Americans were the most divided: 34 percent said they opposed accepting refugees; 27 percent refused to answer the question or said they didn't know; and 38 percent said they favored accepting refugees. This is in stark contrast to Hmong-American respondents, 74 percent of whom supported accepting refugees.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Vo said many of the Vietnamese-Americans she spoke with who aren't welcoming of refugees tend to agree with the view that Syrian refugees are dangerous, and they think of themselves as different. That is, they consider themselves to be \"good\" refugees.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Postwar refugees from Vietnam, she said, considered the Republican Party to be more anti-Communist and — for the largely Catholic immigrants — more socially conservative, with values that aligned with their own. Second-generation Vietnamese-Americans, Vo said, tend to vote for Democratic candidates — as they voted for Barack Obama in 2012.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"They're shifting away from the Republican Party, but not yet ready to commit to Democrats,\" Wong said. Many Vietnamese-Americans tend to be \"big government people\" — supporting social services, including Obamacare — but aren't necessarily comfortable with the label of \"Democrat,\" she said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>I talked with Steven Mai, a 42-year-old Vietnamese-American engineer and community activist who lives in Garden Grove, California. Mai immigrated to the U.S. in 1985. He's a Republican but says he doesn't always vote for GOP candidates. He said he had supported Trump until the Republican candidate \u003ca href=\"http://www.nytimes.com/2016/07/31/us/politics/donald-trump-khizr-khan-wife-ghazala.html\">criticized the family\u003c/a> of Humayun Khan, an American Muslim Army captain who died in Iraq.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"Trump, when he was attacking that family ... I said, 'That's it, that's my final call,' \" said Mai, who serves in the California State Military Reserve. \"And now I confirmed my belief that yes ... he's just proven over time that he was never a leader.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But Mai's parents feel differently.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"My parents are going to vote for Donald Trump,\" he said. \"Even though I told them their votes can be very dangerous, they said, 'Well, I'm not particularly liking Trump, I just don't like Hillary.'\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"I did mention that, 'Hey, after all, this person [Trump] is not supporting us — particularly minorities, or refugees. But my mom, she said, 'Well, the better of the two is still going to be Trump,' because [my parents are] Republican, and they vote by party line.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Copyright 2016 NPR. To see more, visit http://www.npr.org/.\u003c/p>\n\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>",
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"content": "\u003cp>The fight over transporting crude oil has spread across the northern U.S., with protesters disrupting pipelines that carry crude from Canada into the U.S. At least one protester has been injured and dozens have been arrested since Monday.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The unrest, in communities from Minnesota to Washington state, is connected in each case to the ongoing battle over an oil pipeline under construction in North Dakota. Since it was approved by the U.S. Army Corps of Engineers \u003ca href=\"http://www.npr.org/2016/08/25/491377956/native-americans-protest-new-oil-pipeline-in-north-dakota\">over the summer\u003c/a>, more than \u003ca href=\"http://www.npr.org/2016/09/12/493532162/n-d-pipeline-protester-its-about-our-rights-as-native-people\">1,000 people\u003c/a> have protested against the Dakota Access Pipeline — specifically the portion that is slated to run under a river near the Standing Rock Sioux Reservation in North Dakota.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The Standing Rock Sioux Tribe opposes the pipeline because they say the route crosses \u003ca href=\"https://www.documentcloud.org/documents/3098063-Mentz.html\">sacred sites and burial places\u003c/a>, and they are concerned that if the pipeline ruptures, an oil spill could pollute drinking water.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Construction had \u003ca href=\"https://www.documentcloud.org/documents/3097679-Standing-Rock-Sioux-Tribe-Army-Corps.html\">temporarily halted\u003c/a> while the courts reviewed the tribe’s complaints, but \u003ca href=\"http://www.pbs.org/newshour/rundown/weekend-court-decision-restarts-dakota-access-pipeline-construction-private-lands/\">on Sunday\u003c/a> a federal appeals court paved the way for building to resume.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>That was when two days of clashes began.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>https://twitter.com/NewsHour/status/786197730481827840\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>On Monday morning, the company building the Dakota Access Pipeline — Energy Transfer Partners — went ahead with construction, despite a \u003ca href=\"https://www.justice.gov/opa/pr/joint-statement-department-justice-department-army-and-department-interior-regarding-dc\">joint statement\u003c/a> from the U.S. Departments of Justice, Army and Interior requesting that they voluntarily pause until the Corps finishes its review of the pipeline’s entire route.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>That day, 27 people near the Standing Rock Sioux Reservation were arrested for what the local sheriff called a “riot,” \u003ca href=\"http://bismarcktribune.com/news/state-and-regional/arrests-made-at-st-anthony-protest-sites/article_ba8d2aab-cf9c-5fa1-a268-46661bb51966.html\">according to the Bismarck Tribune\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Meanwhile, a Columbus Day protest in Reno, Nevada, turned dangerous when a pickup truck barreled through a crowd of people demonstrating for Native American land rights, hurting several people and seriously injuring one woman, \u003ca href=\"https://www.google.com/url?sa=t&rct=j&q=&esrc=s&source=web&cd=1&cad=rja&uact=8&ved=0ahUKEwj20e6759XPAhXDVyYKHS-BBGYQqQIIHTAA&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.rgj.com%2Fstory%2Fnews%2Fcrime%2F2016%2F10%2F10%2Fdriver-plows-through-reno-protesters-under-arch%2F91883894%2F&usg=AFQjCNFXMBv7UAcU4LMGxDkfTL1zZHz3aQ&sig2=EoJiFfeZsfSuGBSXgeV9_w&bvm=bv.135475266,d.eWE\">according to the Reno Gazette-Journal\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"https://www.facebook.com/100010016970938/videos/349103885433508/\">Audio from the scene appeared to capture\u003c/a> the pickup truck revving its engine before accelerating into a crosswalk. The Reno Police Department \u003ca href=\"https://www.google.com/url?sa=t&rct=j&q=&esrc=s&source=web&cd=4&cad=rja&uact=8&ved=0ahUKEwjGueGf8dXPAhWG6iYKHSqZBoIQFgglMAM&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.rgj.com%2Fstory%2Fnews%2Fcrime%2F2016%2F10%2F11%2Fupdate-reno-arch-incident%2F91903256%2F&usg=AFQjCNHzv31n3QOrzNPvnxKrM02hSDSs9Q&sig2=H43W5ErhK7sMrtvXN2aXJw&bvm=bv.135475266,d.eWE\">told the paper\u003c/a> they are investigating the incident and have not arrested the driver.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[contextly_sidebar id=”pDfklo2TQNITUAAaDuum19HIeiBU94eY”]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Then, on Tuesday, a group acting in support of Dakota Access Pipeline protesters carried out a coordinated protest that briefly shut down five pipelines that carry crude oil into the U.S. from Canada.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Climate Disobedience Action Fund \u003ca href=\"http://www.shutitdown.today/press\">said on its website\u003c/a> that a total of nine people affiliated with the group were arrested for tampering with two pipelines in Minnesota, and three others in Washington state, North Dakota and Montana.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The two Minnesota pipelines are run by the energy company Enbridge, which took to Twitter to condemn the protests as dangerous.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“We are aware of tampering that occurred on our infrastructure this morning — this action is incredibly dangerous and reckless,” \u003ca href=\"https://twitter.com/Enbridge?ref_src=twsrc%5Egoogle%7Ctwcamp%5Eserp%7Ctwgr%5Eauthor\">the company tweeted\u003c/a>. “Those involved claim to be protecting the environment, but their actions invite environmental incident and create a safety risk.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>https://twitter.com/Enbridge/status/785886797452771328\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In Washington state, a spokesman for the Trans Mountain pipeline, Ali Hounsell, confirmed by email that three people were arrested after tampering with the Puget Sound portion of that pipeline.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The company echoed the concerns of other companies, calling the protesters “reckless.” A spokesman for the company’s Canadian operation told NPR the pipeline was not operating at the time, but that a line that feeds into the affected area was shut down as a precaution until the section could be inspected.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>A spokesperson for Spectra Energy also confirmed a section of the company’s Express pipeline in Montana had been shut down on Tuesday after people tampered with a valve.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The Association of Oil Pipe Lines, a trade group, released a statement calling for activists to “end their forms of dangerous protest,” and warning that “incorrectly closing a valve in the middle of a pipeline … could cause a pressure surge, rupture the pipeline and cause a spill.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cdiv class=\"fullattribution\">Copyright 2016 NPR. To see more, visit http://www.npr.org/.\u003cimg decoding=\"async\" src=\"http://www.google-analytics.com/__utm.gif?utmac=UA-5828686-4&utmdt=Protests+Disrupt+Pipelines+Across+The+West&utme=8(APIKey)9(MDAxOTAwOTE4MDEyMTkxMDAzNjczZDljZA004)\">\u003c/div>\n\n",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>The fight over transporting crude oil has spread across the northern U.S., with protesters disrupting pipelines that carry crude from Canada into the U.S. At least one protester has been injured and dozens have been arrested since Monday.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The unrest, in communities from Minnesota to Washington state, is connected in each case to the ongoing battle over an oil pipeline under construction in North Dakota. Since it was approved by the U.S. Army Corps of Engineers \u003ca href=\"http://www.npr.org/2016/08/25/491377956/native-americans-protest-new-oil-pipeline-in-north-dakota\">over the summer\u003c/a>, more than \u003ca href=\"http://www.npr.org/2016/09/12/493532162/n-d-pipeline-protester-its-about-our-rights-as-native-people\">1,000 people\u003c/a> have protested against the Dakota Access Pipeline — specifically the portion that is slated to run under a river near the Standing Rock Sioux Reservation in North Dakota.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The Standing Rock Sioux Tribe opposes the pipeline because they say the route crosses \u003ca href=\"https://www.documentcloud.org/documents/3098063-Mentz.html\">sacred sites and burial places\u003c/a>, and they are concerned that if the pipeline ruptures, an oil spill could pollute drinking water.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Construction had \u003ca href=\"https://www.documentcloud.org/documents/3097679-Standing-Rock-Sioux-Tribe-Army-Corps.html\">temporarily halted\u003c/a> while the courts reviewed the tribe’s complaints, but \u003ca href=\"http://www.pbs.org/newshour/rundown/weekend-court-decision-restarts-dakota-access-pipeline-construction-private-lands/\">on Sunday\u003c/a> a federal appeals court paved the way for building to resume.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>That was when two days of clashes began.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\n\u003cp>On Monday morning, the company building the Dakota Access Pipeline — Energy Transfer Partners — went ahead with construction, despite a \u003ca href=\"https://www.justice.gov/opa/pr/joint-statement-department-justice-department-army-and-department-interior-regarding-dc\">joint statement\u003c/a> from the U.S. Departments of Justice, Army and Interior requesting that they voluntarily pause until the Corps finishes its review of the pipeline’s entire route.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>That day, 27 people near the Standing Rock Sioux Reservation were arrested for what the local sheriff called a “riot,” \u003ca href=\"http://bismarcktribune.com/news/state-and-regional/arrests-made-at-st-anthony-protest-sites/article_ba8d2aab-cf9c-5fa1-a268-46661bb51966.html\">according to the Bismarck Tribune\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Meanwhile, a Columbus Day protest in Reno, Nevada, turned dangerous when a pickup truck barreled through a crowd of people demonstrating for Native American land rights, hurting several people and seriously injuring one woman, \u003ca href=\"https://www.google.com/url?sa=t&rct=j&q=&esrc=s&source=web&cd=1&cad=rja&uact=8&ved=0ahUKEwj20e6759XPAhXDVyYKHS-BBGYQqQIIHTAA&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.rgj.com%2Fstory%2Fnews%2Fcrime%2F2016%2F10%2F10%2Fdriver-plows-through-reno-protesters-under-arch%2F91883894%2F&usg=AFQjCNFXMBv7UAcU4LMGxDkfTL1zZHz3aQ&sig2=EoJiFfeZsfSuGBSXgeV9_w&bvm=bv.135475266,d.eWE\">according to the Reno Gazette-Journal\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"https://www.facebook.com/100010016970938/videos/349103885433508/\">Audio from the scene appeared to capture\u003c/a> the pickup truck revving its engine before accelerating into a crosswalk. The Reno Police Department \u003ca href=\"https://www.google.com/url?sa=t&rct=j&q=&esrc=s&source=web&cd=4&cad=rja&uact=8&ved=0ahUKEwjGueGf8dXPAhWG6iYKHSqZBoIQFgglMAM&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.rgj.com%2Fstory%2Fnews%2Fcrime%2F2016%2F10%2F11%2Fupdate-reno-arch-incident%2F91903256%2F&usg=AFQjCNHzv31n3QOrzNPvnxKrM02hSDSs9Q&sig2=H43W5ErhK7sMrtvXN2aXJw&bvm=bv.135475266,d.eWE\">told the paper\u003c/a> they are investigating the incident and have not arrested the driver.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Then, on Tuesday, a group acting in support of Dakota Access Pipeline protesters carried out a coordinated protest that briefly shut down five pipelines that carry crude oil into the U.S. from Canada.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Climate Disobedience Action Fund \u003ca href=\"http://www.shutitdown.today/press\">said on its website\u003c/a> that a total of nine people affiliated with the group were arrested for tampering with two pipelines in Minnesota, and three others in Washington state, North Dakota and Montana.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The two Minnesota pipelines are run by the energy company Enbridge, which took to Twitter to condemn the protests as dangerous.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“We are aware of tampering that occurred on our infrastructure this morning — this action is incredibly dangerous and reckless,” \u003ca href=\"https://twitter.com/Enbridge?ref_src=twsrc%5Egoogle%7Ctwcamp%5Eserp%7Ctwgr%5Eauthor\">the company tweeted\u003c/a>. “Those involved claim to be protecting the environment, but their actions invite environmental incident and create a safety risk.”\u003c/p>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\n\u003cp>In Washington state, a spokesman for the Trans Mountain pipeline, Ali Hounsell, confirmed by email that three people were arrested after tampering with the Puget Sound portion of that pipeline.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The company echoed the concerns of other companies, calling the protesters “reckless.” A spokesman for the company’s Canadian operation told NPR the pipeline was not operating at the time, but that a line that feeds into the affected area was shut down as a precaution until the section could be inspected.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>A spokesperson for Spectra Energy also confirmed a section of the company’s Express pipeline in Montana had been shut down on Tuesday after people tampered with a valve.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The Association of Oil Pipe Lines, a trade group, released a statement calling for activists to “end their forms of dangerous protest,” and warning that “incorrectly closing a valve in the middle of a pipeline … could cause a pressure surge, rupture the pipeline and cause a spill.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cdiv class=\"fullattribution\">Copyright 2016 NPR. To see more, visit http://www.npr.org/.\u003cimg decoding=\"async\" src=\"http://www.google-analytics.com/__utm.gif?utmac=UA-5828686-4&utmdt=Protests+Disrupt+Pipelines+Across+The+West&utme=8(APIKey)9(MDAxOTAwOTE4MDEyMTkxMDAzNjczZDljZA004)\">\u003c/div>\n\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>",
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"content": "\u003cp>\u003cem>Updated at 3:15pm PT with Wells Fargo statement.\u003cbr>\n\u003c/em>\u003cbr>\nThe chairman and chief executive of Wells Fargo & Co., John Stumpf, has resigned effective immediately in the aftermath of a scandal over the bank's past practice of secretly selling services to unsuspecting customers.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Stumpf will be replaced by President and Chief Operating Officer Timothy Sloan, long considered to be Stumpf's eventual successor.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Wells Fargo has been hammered in recent weeks by critics who say the bank unfairly took advantage of customers to meet sales targets. In September, the bank agreed to pay $185 million to settle charges that it had opened as many as 2 million accounts without the knowledge or approval of customers.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The bank's board already had sought to discipline Stumpf by requiring him to \u003ca href=\"http://www.npr.org/sections/thetwo-way/2016/09/27/495649072/report-wells-fargo-considers-clawing-back-executive-pay-over-fake-account-scanda\">forfeit $41 million\u003c/a> in unvested equity.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In a \u003ca href=\"http://www.businesswire.com/news/home/20161012006336/en/\">statement\u003c/a>, Wells Fargo Lead Director Stephen Sanger said:\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"John Stumpf has dedicated his professional life to banking, successfully leading Wells Fargo through the financial crisis and the largest merger in banking history, and helping to create one of the strongest and most well-known financial services companies in the world. However, he believes new leadership at this time is appropriate to guide Wells Fargo through its current challenges and take the Company forward.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Stumpf joined Wells Fargo in 1982 and became the bank's CEO in June 2007 and its chairman in January 2010, according to the statement.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>There is no mention of the scandal that led to Stumpf's two \u003ca href=\"https://www.bostonglobe.com/news/politics/2016/09/20/warren-slams-gutless-leadership-wells-fargo-during-senate-hearing/kHSvtvES0Uskjbg8QVf6gP/story.html\">appearances before Congress,\u003c/a> where he faced \u003ca href=\"http://money.cnn.com/2016/09/29/investing/wells-fargo-john-stumpf-hearing-congress/index.html\">bipartisan wrath\u003c/a> over the bank's sales practices.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp> \u003c/p>\n\u003cdiv class=\"fullattribution\">Copyright 2016 NPR. To see more, visit http://www.npr.org/.\u003cimg src=\"http://www.google-analytics.com/__utm.gif?utmac=UA-5828686-4&utmdt=Wells+Fargo+CEO+John+Stumpf+Resigns+Amid+Scandal&utme=8(APIKey)9(MDAxOTAwOTE4MDEyMTkxMDAzNjczZDljZA004)\">\u003c/div>\n\n",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>\u003cem>Updated at 3:15pm PT with Wells Fargo statement.\u003cbr>\n\u003c/em>\u003cbr>\nThe chairman and chief executive of Wells Fargo & Co., John Stumpf, has resigned effective immediately in the aftermath of a scandal over the bank's past practice of secretly selling services to unsuspecting customers.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Stumpf will be replaced by President and Chief Operating Officer Timothy Sloan, long considered to be Stumpf's eventual successor.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Wells Fargo has been hammered in recent weeks by critics who say the bank unfairly took advantage of customers to meet sales targets. In September, the bank agreed to pay $185 million to settle charges that it had opened as many as 2 million accounts without the knowledge or approval of customers.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The bank's board already had sought to discipline Stumpf by requiring him to \u003ca href=\"http://www.npr.org/sections/thetwo-way/2016/09/27/495649072/report-wells-fargo-considers-clawing-back-executive-pay-over-fake-account-scanda\">forfeit $41 million\u003c/a> in unvested equity.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In a \u003ca href=\"http://www.businesswire.com/news/home/20161012006336/en/\">statement\u003c/a>, Wells Fargo Lead Director Stephen Sanger said:\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"John Stumpf has dedicated his professional life to banking, successfully leading Wells Fargo through the financial crisis and the largest merger in banking history, and helping to create one of the strongest and most well-known financial services companies in the world. However, he believes new leadership at this time is appropriate to guide Wells Fargo through its current challenges and take the Company forward.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Stumpf joined Wells Fargo in 1982 and became the bank's CEO in June 2007 and its chairman in January 2010, according to the statement.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>There is no mention of the scandal that led to Stumpf's two \u003ca href=\"https://www.bostonglobe.com/news/politics/2016/09/20/warren-slams-gutless-leadership-wells-fargo-during-senate-hearing/kHSvtvES0Uskjbg8QVf6gP/story.html\">appearances before Congress,\u003c/a> where he faced \u003ca href=\"http://money.cnn.com/2016/09/29/investing/wells-fargo-john-stumpf-hearing-congress/index.html\">bipartisan wrath\u003c/a> over the bank's sales practices.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp> \u003c/p>\n\u003cdiv class=\"fullattribution\">Copyright 2016 NPR. To see more, visit http://www.npr.org/.\u003cimg src=\"http://www.google-analytics.com/__utm.gif?utmac=UA-5828686-4&utmdt=Wells+Fargo+CEO+John+Stumpf+Resigns+Amid+Scandal&utme=8(APIKey)9(MDAxOTAwOTE4MDEyMTkxMDAzNjczZDljZA004)\">\u003c/div>\n\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>",
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"disqusTitle": "How California's 'Paid Family Leave' Law Buys Time for New Parents",
"title": "How California's 'Paid Family Leave' Law Buys Time for New Parents",
"headTitle": "The California Report | KQED News",
"content": "\u003cp>Back in 2002, California passed a law that provides \u003ca href=\"http://www.edd.ca.gov/disability/paid_family_leave.htm\">paid family leave benefits\u003c/a> to eligible workers. In many ways, the law mimicked paid parental leave policies that are in effect in \u003ca href=\"http://www.npr.org/2016/10/06/495839588/countries-around-the-world-beat-the-u-s-on-paid-parental-leave\">nearly every other country\u003c/a> in the world. But it was the first of its kind in the U.S., and several other states have \u003ca href=\"http://www.npr.org/2016/10/07/497079311/state-laws-build-momentum-for-first-national-paid-family-leave-program\">since followed suit\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Here's how California's law, part of the state's disability insurance program, works: Most workers in the state have small deductions (less than 1 percent of their wages) withheld from each paycheck\u003cstrong>.\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The program works sort of like the federal Social Security system, creating a pool of money employees can draw from if and when they need to take time off work to care for a seriously ill relative, or when they have a new baby.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>New moms and dads get six weeks off at a little more than half their weekly pay — 55 percent, with a cap that's indexed to inflation each year.\u003cstrong>\u003cbr>\n\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Iris and Eli Fugate, who live in San Diego, say the paid leave gave them precious time to welcome their son, Jack, into the family. Iris took the full six weeks of leave after Jack was born five months ago. Eli took three weeks, and plans to spread the rest out over the next few months.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11123753\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 800px\">\u003cimg src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2016/10/cafamily-2_enl-fc34b2936b23c9298392c3d4ec1ceca4d7203069-800x534.jpg\" alt=\"Iris Fugate says having the time with her husband, Eli, to jointly care for their baby in Jack's first weeks of life helped them learn how to parent together.\" width=\"800\" height=\"534\" class=\"size-medium wp-image-11123753\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2016/10/cafamily-2_enl-fc34b2936b23c9298392c3d4ec1ceca4d7203069-800x534.jpg 800w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2016/10/cafamily-2_enl-fc34b2936b23c9298392c3d4ec1ceca4d7203069-400x267.jpg 400w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2016/10/cafamily-2_enl-fc34b2936b23c9298392c3d4ec1ceca4d7203069-1920x1281.jpg 1920w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2016/10/cafamily-2_enl-fc34b2936b23c9298392c3d4ec1ceca4d7203069-1180x787.jpg 1180w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2016/10/cafamily-2_enl-fc34b2936b23c9298392c3d4ec1ceca4d7203069-960x641.jpg 960w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2016/10/cafamily-2_enl-fc34b2936b23c9298392c3d4ec1ceca4d7203069.jpg 1996w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Iris Fugate says having the time with her husband, Eli, to jointly care for their baby in Jack's first weeks of life helped them learn how to parent together. \u003ccite>(Sandy Huffaker for NPR)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>\"We both got time to get to know him \u003cem>together\u003c/em>,\" Iris says of that early time with baby Jack. \"Really meaningful — I can't imagine it going any other way.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Eli agrees. \"It was really important during that first week or two especially,\" he says. Being able to encourage one of his son's first milestones — turning over for the first time — and share the baby's delight was priceless, he says.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Since the family leave law went into effect more than a decade ago, it's had a positive impact, says sociologist \u003ca href=\"https://www.gc.cuny.edu/Faculty/Core-Bios/Ruth-Milkman\">Ruth Milkman\u003c/a>, a professor at City University of New York, who has studied the law and its history. Business interests initially opposed the law, Milkman says, claiming it would kill jobs and drive small business out of business.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But when she and a colleague \u003ca href=\"http://cepr.net/documents/publications/paid-family-leave-1-2011.pdf\">surveyed \u003c/a>large, midsize and small companies in California five years after the state's family leave law went into effect, they discovered those early fears hadn't played out.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>More than 90 percent of businesses reported a neutral or even positive impact on their companies after the law. The positive impact had to do with improved employee productivity and morale.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>That makes sense, Milkman says. \"It's a new benefit and employees are happy about it.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Families too, have reported positive changes, she says. There's been a steady, significant increase in the number of new dads like Eli taking paternity leave to bond with their babies. And, since the law launched, the length of time new mothers like Iris breastfeed has doubled.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The law still requires sacrifice on the part of anyone taking the benefit. It doesn't provide a full paycheck — just 55 percent of an employee's weekly salary. The Fugates say living on a tighter budget each week wasn't easy, but the couple had enough saved to make that work. Eli works as a manager for a large grocery chain, and Iris is a lawyer.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But for many families, especially low-wage workers, living on half-pay is much tougher, or even impossible.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11123754\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 800px\">\u003cimg src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2016/10/cafamily-duo_enl-c7df7d322a9aa9a2ab25f323c6a021ee3565b652-800x264.jpg\" alt=\"It was financially challenging to live on 55 percent of the family's income in the weeks after Jack was born, Iris Fugate says, but the couple had been able to save enough money to make it work.\" width=\"800\" height=\"264\" class=\"size-medium wp-image-11123754\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2016/10/cafamily-duo_enl-c7df7d322a9aa9a2ab25f323c6a021ee3565b652-800x264.jpg 800w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2016/10/cafamily-duo_enl-c7df7d322a9aa9a2ab25f323c6a021ee3565b652-400x132.jpg 400w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2016/10/cafamily-duo_enl-c7df7d322a9aa9a2ab25f323c6a021ee3565b652-1920x634.jpg 1920w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2016/10/cafamily-duo_enl-c7df7d322a9aa9a2ab25f323c6a021ee3565b652-1180x390.jpg 1180w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2016/10/cafamily-duo_enl-c7df7d322a9aa9a2ab25f323c6a021ee3565b652-960x317.jpg 960w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">It was financially challenging to live on 55 percent of the family's income in the weeks after Jack was born, Iris Fugate says, but the couple had been able to save enough money to make it work. \u003ccite>(Sandy Huffaker for NPR)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Kitty Jensen and her husband, Lasha Gabrichi, live in North Hollywood, where Jensen works as a personal assistant to a clothing designer. Her boss encouraged her to take maternity leave after her baby was born, Jensen says, and never pressured her to return to work early.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Still, in the end, she returned to work much earlier than she wanted to. At the time of their son Leo's birth, Gabrichi was out of work, which meant the new family was living on half of Jensen's moderate salary.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>It was money, says Jensen, but it felt like \"nothing!\" The family still had to pay rent, utilities, telephone, food, health insurance, car insurance, plus all the other new costs of having a baby — from medical bills to diapers.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"If you're not in the upper middle class, I don't know how people survive on it,\" Jensen says. \"We certainly didn't.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Jensen turned to her parents for help. They're not well off, she says, but contributed as much as they could. Jensen and Gabrichi also started selling possessions on Craig's List — \"furniture and art stuff I had, vintage art pieces, chairs,\" Jensen says. \"I just sold anything I possibly could — all year.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Despite the financial strain, Jensen says she's grateful for the time she was able take away from her job to spend with the baby. But many workers who are eligible for family leave don't take it because they are even more stretched financially.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Beyond her survey of how companies were affected by the state law, Milkman also looked at whether Californians were able to take advantage of the family benefit. One-third of those surveyed said they couldn't afford to take the leave.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11123755\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 800px\">\u003cimg src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2016/10/cafamily-5_enl-313fdbeb8e5b6f5d2d2ce3558c6cac7b026a0f4a-800x533.jpg\" alt=\"The Fugates still make time to stroll their San Diego neighborhood together. In a survey of California companies, more than 90 percent of businesses reported a neutral or positive impact on their companies after the 2002 California family leave law was enacted.\" width=\"800\" height=\"533\" class=\"size-medium wp-image-11123755\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2016/10/cafamily-5_enl-313fdbeb8e5b6f5d2d2ce3558c6cac7b026a0f4a-800x533.jpg 800w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2016/10/cafamily-5_enl-313fdbeb8e5b6f5d2d2ce3558c6cac7b026a0f4a-400x266.jpg 400w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2016/10/cafamily-5_enl-313fdbeb8e5b6f5d2d2ce3558c6cac7b026a0f4a-1920x1279.jpg 1920w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2016/10/cafamily-5_enl-313fdbeb8e5b6f5d2d2ce3558c6cac7b026a0f4a-1180x786.jpg 1180w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2016/10/cafamily-5_enl-313fdbeb8e5b6f5d2d2ce3558c6cac7b026a0f4a-960x639.jpg 960w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2016/10/cafamily-5_enl-313fdbeb8e5b6f5d2d2ce3558c6cac7b026a0f4a.jpg 2000w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">The Fugates still make time to stroll their San Diego neighborhood together. In a survey of California companies, more than 90 percent of businesses reported a neutral or positive impact on their companies after the 2002 California family leave law was enacted. \u003ccite>(Sandy Huffaker for NPR)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Even worse, says Milkman, more than half of those surveyed weren't even aware the law exists, she says.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"And the people who need it most — immigrants, young workers, poor people, low-wage workers — they are the least likely to know about it,\" Milkman found.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Service industry workers, like Claudia Chi-Ku, who lives in Los Angeles, are often among those who don't realize they have the option of paid leave. Chi-Ku has worked in numerous restaurants, and is now doing housecleaning at a health care facility. But when she got pregnant with her fourth child several years ago, she was working for a large car wash chain.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"At that time, to be honest with you I had no idea — none whatsoever — about the paid leave law and the benefits it came with,\" Chi-Ku says. Even half a paycheck would have been a godsend, she says.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"I would have used that money,\" Chi-Ku says. \"I really needed it at that time.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Today Chi-Ku works with advocacy groups, like the\u003ca href=\"http://rocunited.org/\"> Restaurant Opportunities Centers United\u003c/a>, to help other low-wage workers understand their rights under the paid leave law.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad floatright]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>And changes are on the way. Come 2018, leave benefits in California will be boosted to 60 percent of an employee's salary, and 70 percent for low-wage workers like Chi-Ku. State lawmakers have also worked to put more job protections in place for people who opt to take the leave.\u003c/p>\n\u003cdiv class=\"fullattribution\">Copyright 2016 NPR. To see more, visit http://www.npr.org/.\u003cimg src=\"http://www.google-analytics.com/__utm.gif?utmac=UA-5828686-4&utmdt=How+California%27s+%27Paid+Family+Leave%27+Law+Buys+Time+For+New+Parents&utme=8(APIKey)9(MDAxOTAwOTE4MDEyMTkxMDAzNjczZDljZA004)\">\u003c/div>\n\n",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>Back in 2002, California passed a law that provides \u003ca href=\"http://www.edd.ca.gov/disability/paid_family_leave.htm\">paid family leave benefits\u003c/a> to eligible workers. In many ways, the law mimicked paid parental leave policies that are in effect in \u003ca href=\"http://www.npr.org/2016/10/06/495839588/countries-around-the-world-beat-the-u-s-on-paid-parental-leave\">nearly every other country\u003c/a> in the world. But it was the first of its kind in the U.S., and several other states have \u003ca href=\"http://www.npr.org/2016/10/07/497079311/state-laws-build-momentum-for-first-national-paid-family-leave-program\">since followed suit\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Here's how California's law, part of the state's disability insurance program, works: Most workers in the state have small deductions (less than 1 percent of their wages) withheld from each paycheck\u003cstrong>.\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The program works sort of like the federal Social Security system, creating a pool of money employees can draw from if and when they need to take time off work to care for a seriously ill relative, or when they have a new baby.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>New moms and dads get six weeks off at a little more than half their weekly pay — 55 percent, with a cap that's indexed to inflation each year.\u003cstrong>\u003cbr>\n\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Iris and Eli Fugate, who live in San Diego, say the paid leave gave them precious time to welcome their son, Jack, into the family. Iris took the full six weeks of leave after Jack was born five months ago. Eli took three weeks, and plans to spread the rest out over the next few months.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11123753\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 800px\">\u003cimg src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2016/10/cafamily-2_enl-fc34b2936b23c9298392c3d4ec1ceca4d7203069-800x534.jpg\" alt=\"Iris Fugate says having the time with her husband, Eli, to jointly care for their baby in Jack's first weeks of life helped them learn how to parent together.\" width=\"800\" height=\"534\" class=\"size-medium wp-image-11123753\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2016/10/cafamily-2_enl-fc34b2936b23c9298392c3d4ec1ceca4d7203069-800x534.jpg 800w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2016/10/cafamily-2_enl-fc34b2936b23c9298392c3d4ec1ceca4d7203069-400x267.jpg 400w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2016/10/cafamily-2_enl-fc34b2936b23c9298392c3d4ec1ceca4d7203069-1920x1281.jpg 1920w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2016/10/cafamily-2_enl-fc34b2936b23c9298392c3d4ec1ceca4d7203069-1180x787.jpg 1180w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2016/10/cafamily-2_enl-fc34b2936b23c9298392c3d4ec1ceca4d7203069-960x641.jpg 960w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2016/10/cafamily-2_enl-fc34b2936b23c9298392c3d4ec1ceca4d7203069.jpg 1996w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Iris Fugate says having the time with her husband, Eli, to jointly care for their baby in Jack's first weeks of life helped them learn how to parent together. \u003ccite>(Sandy Huffaker for NPR)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>\"We both got time to get to know him \u003cem>together\u003c/em>,\" Iris says of that early time with baby Jack. \"Really meaningful — I can't imagine it going any other way.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Eli agrees. \"It was really important during that first week or two especially,\" he says. Being able to encourage one of his son's first milestones — turning over for the first time — and share the baby's delight was priceless, he says.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Since the family leave law went into effect more than a decade ago, it's had a positive impact, says sociologist \u003ca href=\"https://www.gc.cuny.edu/Faculty/Core-Bios/Ruth-Milkman\">Ruth Milkman\u003c/a>, a professor at City University of New York, who has studied the law and its history. Business interests initially opposed the law, Milkman says, claiming it would kill jobs and drive small business out of business.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But when she and a colleague \u003ca href=\"http://cepr.net/documents/publications/paid-family-leave-1-2011.pdf\">surveyed \u003c/a>large, midsize and small companies in California five years after the state's family leave law went into effect, they discovered those early fears hadn't played out.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>More than 90 percent of businesses reported a neutral or even positive impact on their companies after the law. The positive impact had to do with improved employee productivity and morale.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>That makes sense, Milkman says. \"It's a new benefit and employees are happy about it.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Families too, have reported positive changes, she says. There's been a steady, significant increase in the number of new dads like Eli taking paternity leave to bond with their babies. And, since the law launched, the length of time new mothers like Iris breastfeed has doubled.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The law still requires sacrifice on the part of anyone taking the benefit. It doesn't provide a full paycheck — just 55 percent of an employee's weekly salary. The Fugates say living on a tighter budget each week wasn't easy, but the couple had enough saved to make that work. Eli works as a manager for a large grocery chain, and Iris is a lawyer.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But for many families, especially low-wage workers, living on half-pay is much tougher, or even impossible.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11123754\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 800px\">\u003cimg src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2016/10/cafamily-duo_enl-c7df7d322a9aa9a2ab25f323c6a021ee3565b652-800x264.jpg\" alt=\"It was financially challenging to live on 55 percent of the family's income in the weeks after Jack was born, Iris Fugate says, but the couple had been able to save enough money to make it work.\" width=\"800\" height=\"264\" class=\"size-medium wp-image-11123754\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2016/10/cafamily-duo_enl-c7df7d322a9aa9a2ab25f323c6a021ee3565b652-800x264.jpg 800w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2016/10/cafamily-duo_enl-c7df7d322a9aa9a2ab25f323c6a021ee3565b652-400x132.jpg 400w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2016/10/cafamily-duo_enl-c7df7d322a9aa9a2ab25f323c6a021ee3565b652-1920x634.jpg 1920w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2016/10/cafamily-duo_enl-c7df7d322a9aa9a2ab25f323c6a021ee3565b652-1180x390.jpg 1180w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2016/10/cafamily-duo_enl-c7df7d322a9aa9a2ab25f323c6a021ee3565b652-960x317.jpg 960w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">It was financially challenging to live on 55 percent of the family's income in the weeks after Jack was born, Iris Fugate says, but the couple had been able to save enough money to make it work. \u003ccite>(Sandy Huffaker for NPR)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Kitty Jensen and her husband, Lasha Gabrichi, live in North Hollywood, where Jensen works as a personal assistant to a clothing designer. Her boss encouraged her to take maternity leave after her baby was born, Jensen says, and never pressured her to return to work early.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Still, in the end, she returned to work much earlier than she wanted to. At the time of their son Leo's birth, Gabrichi was out of work, which meant the new family was living on half of Jensen's moderate salary.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>It was money, says Jensen, but it felt like \"nothing!\" The family still had to pay rent, utilities, telephone, food, health insurance, car insurance, plus all the other new costs of having a baby — from medical bills to diapers.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"If you're not in the upper middle class, I don't know how people survive on it,\" Jensen says. \"We certainly didn't.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Jensen turned to her parents for help. They're not well off, she says, but contributed as much as they could. Jensen and Gabrichi also started selling possessions on Craig's List — \"furniture and art stuff I had, vintage art pieces, chairs,\" Jensen says. \"I just sold anything I possibly could — all year.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Despite the financial strain, Jensen says she's grateful for the time she was able take away from her job to spend with the baby. But many workers who are eligible for family leave don't take it because they are even more stretched financially.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Beyond her survey of how companies were affected by the state law, Milkman also looked at whether Californians were able to take advantage of the family benefit. One-third of those surveyed said they couldn't afford to take the leave.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11123755\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 800px\">\u003cimg src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2016/10/cafamily-5_enl-313fdbeb8e5b6f5d2d2ce3558c6cac7b026a0f4a-800x533.jpg\" alt=\"The Fugates still make time to stroll their San Diego neighborhood together. In a survey of California companies, more than 90 percent of businesses reported a neutral or positive impact on their companies after the 2002 California family leave law was enacted.\" width=\"800\" height=\"533\" class=\"size-medium wp-image-11123755\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2016/10/cafamily-5_enl-313fdbeb8e5b6f5d2d2ce3558c6cac7b026a0f4a-800x533.jpg 800w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2016/10/cafamily-5_enl-313fdbeb8e5b6f5d2d2ce3558c6cac7b026a0f4a-400x266.jpg 400w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2016/10/cafamily-5_enl-313fdbeb8e5b6f5d2d2ce3558c6cac7b026a0f4a-1920x1279.jpg 1920w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2016/10/cafamily-5_enl-313fdbeb8e5b6f5d2d2ce3558c6cac7b026a0f4a-1180x786.jpg 1180w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2016/10/cafamily-5_enl-313fdbeb8e5b6f5d2d2ce3558c6cac7b026a0f4a-960x639.jpg 960w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2016/10/cafamily-5_enl-313fdbeb8e5b6f5d2d2ce3558c6cac7b026a0f4a.jpg 2000w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">The Fugates still make time to stroll their San Diego neighborhood together. In a survey of California companies, more than 90 percent of businesses reported a neutral or positive impact on their companies after the 2002 California family leave law was enacted. \u003ccite>(Sandy Huffaker for NPR)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Even worse, says Milkman, more than half of those surveyed weren't even aware the law exists, she says.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"And the people who need it most — immigrants, young workers, poor people, low-wage workers — they are the least likely to know about it,\" Milkman found.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Service industry workers, like Claudia Chi-Ku, who lives in Los Angeles, are often among those who don't realize they have the option of paid leave. Chi-Ku has worked in numerous restaurants, and is now doing housecleaning at a health care facility. But when she got pregnant with her fourth child several years ago, she was working for a large car wash chain.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"At that time, to be honest with you I had no idea — none whatsoever — about the paid leave law and the benefits it came with,\" Chi-Ku says. Even half a paycheck would have been a godsend, she says.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"I would have used that money,\" Chi-Ku says. \"I really needed it at that time.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Today Chi-Ku works with advocacy groups, like the\u003ca href=\"http://rocunited.org/\"> Restaurant Opportunities Centers United\u003c/a>, to help other low-wage workers understand their rights under the paid leave law.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>And changes are on the way. Come 2018, leave benefits in California will be boosted to 60 percent of an employee's salary, and 70 percent for low-wage workers like Chi-Ku. State lawmakers have also worked to put more job protections in place for people who opt to take the leave.\u003c/p>\n\u003cdiv class=\"fullattribution\">Copyright 2016 NPR. To see more, visit http://www.npr.org/.\u003cimg src=\"http://www.google-analytics.com/__utm.gif?utmac=UA-5828686-4&utmdt=How+California%27s+%27Paid+Family+Leave%27+Law+Buys+Time+For+New+Parents&utme=8(APIKey)9(MDAxOTAwOTE4MDEyMTkxMDAzNjczZDljZA004)\">\u003c/div>\n\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>",
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"id": "commonwealth-club",
"title": "Commonwealth Club of California Podcast",
"info": "The Commonwealth Club of California is the nation's oldest and largest public affairs forum. As a non-partisan forum, The Club brings to the public airwaves diverse viewpoints on important topics. The Club's weekly radio broadcast - the oldest in the U.S., dating back to 1924 - is carried across the nation on public radio stations and is now podcasting. Our website archive features audio of our recent programs, as well as selected speeches from our long and distinguished history. This podcast feed is usually updated twice a week and is always un-edited.",
"airtime": "THU 10pm, FRI 1am",
"imageSrc": "https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/04/Commonwealth-Club-Podcast-Tile-360x360-1.jpg",
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"meta": {
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"source": "Commonwealth Club of California"
},
"link": "/radio/program/commonwealth-club",
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"google": "https://podcasts.google.com/feed/aHR0cDovL3d3dy5jb21tb253ZWFsdGhjbHViLm9yZy9hdWRpby9wb2RjYXN0L3dlZWtseS54bWw",
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},
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"id": "forum",
"title": "Forum",
"tagline": "The conversation starts here",
"info": "KQED’s live call-in program discussing local, state, national and international issues, as well as in-depth interviews.",
"airtime": "MON-FRI 9am-11am, 10pm-11pm",
"imageSrc": "https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/04/Forum-Podcast-Tile-703x703-1.jpg",
"imageAlt": "KQED Forum with Mina Kim and Alexis Madrigal",
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"order": 9
},
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"id": "freakonomics-radio",
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"imageSrc": "https://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2018/05/freakonomicsRadio.png",
"officialWebsiteLink": "http://freakonomics.com/",
"airtime": "SUN 1am-2am, SAT 3pm-4pm",
"meta": {
"site": "radio",
"source": "WNYC"
},
"link": "/radio/program/freakonomics-radio",
"subscribe": {
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"apple": "https://itunes.apple.com/us/podcast/freakonomics-radio/id354668519",
"tuneIn": "https://tunein.com/podcasts/WNYC-Podcasts/Freakonomics-Radio-p272293/",
"rss": "https://feeds.feedburner.com/freakonomicsradio"
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},
"fresh-air": {
"id": "fresh-air",
"title": "Fresh Air",
"info": "Hosted by Terry Gross, \u003cem>Fresh Air from WHYY\u003c/em> is the Peabody Award-winning weekday magazine of contemporary arts and issues. One of public radio's most popular programs, Fresh Air features intimate conversations with today's biggest luminaries.",
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"apple": "https://itunes.apple.com/WebObjects/MZStore.woa/wa/viewPodcast?s=143441&mt=2&id=214089682&at=11l79Y&ct=nprdirectory",
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"rss": "https://feeds.npr.org/381444908/podcast.xml"
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"info": "A live production of NPR and WBUR Boston, in collaboration with stations across the country, Here & Now reflects the fluid world of news as it's happening in the middle of the day, with timely, in-depth news, interviews and conversation. Hosted by Robin Young, Jeremy Hobson and Tonya Mosley.",
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"rss": "https://feeds.npr.org/510051/podcast.xml"
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},
"hidden-brain": {
"id": "hidden-brain",
"title": "Hidden Brain",
"info": "Shankar Vedantam uses science and storytelling to reveal the unconscious patterns that drive human behavior, shape our choices and direct our relationships.",
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"airtime": "SUN 7pm-8pm",
"meta": {
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"source": "NPR"
},
"link": "/radio/program/hidden-brain",
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},
"how-i-built-this": {
"id": "how-i-built-this",
"title": "How I Built This with Guy Raz",
"info": "Guy Raz dives into the stories behind some of the world's best known companies. How I Built This weaves a narrative journey about innovators, entrepreneurs and idealists—and the movements they built.",
"imageSrc": "https://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2018/05/howIBuiltThis.png",
"officialWebsiteLink": "https://www.npr.org/podcasts/510313/how-i-built-this",
"airtime": "SUN 7:30pm-8pm",
"meta": {
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},
"link": "/radio/program/how-i-built-this",
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"npr": "https://rpb3r.app.goo.gl/3zxy",
"apple": "https://itunes.apple.com/us/podcast/how-i-built-this-with-guy-raz/id1150510297?mt=2",
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},
"hyphenacion": {
"id": "hyphenacion",
"title": "Hyphenación",
"tagline": "Where conversation and cultura meet",
"info": "What kind of no sabo word is Hyphenación? For us, it’s about living within a hyphenation. Like being a third-gen Mexican-American from the Texas border now living that Bay Area Chicano life. Like Xorje! Each week we bring together a couple of hyphenated Latinos to talk all about personal life choices: family, careers, relationships, belonging … everything is on the table. ",
"imageSrc": "https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2025/03/Hyphenacion_FinalAssets_PodcastTile.png",
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"officialWebsiteLink": "/podcasts/hyphenacion",
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"order": 15
},
"link": "/podcasts/hyphenacion",
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"spotify": "https://open.spotify.com/show/2p3Fifq96nw9BPcmFdIq0o?si=39209f7b25774f38",
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},
"jerrybrown": {
"id": "jerrybrown",
"title": "The Political Mind of Jerry Brown",
"tagline": "Lessons from a lifetime in politics",
"info": "The Political Mind of Jerry Brown brings listeners the wisdom of the former Governor, Mayor, and presidential candidate. Scott Shafer interviewed Brown for more than 40 hours, covering the former governor's life and half-century in the political game – and Brown has some lessons he'd like to share. ",
"imageSrc": "https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/04/The-Political-Mind-of-Jerry-Brown-Podcast-Tile-703x703-1.jpg",
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"officialWebsiteLink": "/podcasts/jerrybrown",
"meta": {
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"order": 18
},
"link": "/podcasts/jerrybrown",
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}
},
"latino-usa": {
"id": "latino-usa",
"title": "Latino USA",
"airtime": "MON 1am-2am, SUN 6pm-7pm",
"info": "Latino USA, the radio journal of news and culture, is the only national, English-language radio program produced from a Latino perspective.",
"imageSrc": "https://ww2.kqed.org/radio/wp-content/uploads/sites/50/2018/04/latinoUsa.jpg",
"officialWebsiteLink": "http://latinousa.org/",
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},
"link": "/radio/program/latino-usa",
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"apple": "https://itunes.apple.com/WebObjects/MZStore.woa/wa/viewPodcast?s=143441&mt=2&id=79681317&at=11l79Y&ct=nprdirectory",
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"rss": "https://feeds.npr.org/510016/podcast.xml"
}
},
"marketplace": {
"id": "marketplace",
"title": "Marketplace",
"info": "Our flagship program, helmed by Kai Ryssdal, examines what the day in money delivered, through stories, conversations, newsworthy numbers and more. Updated Monday through Friday at about 3:30 p.m. PT.",
"airtime": "MON-FRI 4pm-4:30pm, MON-WED 6:30pm-7pm",
"imageSrc": "https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/04/Marketplace-Podcast-Tile-360x360-1.jpg",
"officialWebsiteLink": "https://www.marketplace.org/",
"meta": {
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"source": "American Public Media"
},
"link": "/radio/program/marketplace",
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"rss": "https://feeds.publicradio.org/public_feeds/marketplace-pm/rss/rss"
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},
"masters-of-scale": {
"id": "masters-of-scale",
"title": "Masters of Scale",
"info": "Masters of Scale is an original podcast in which LinkedIn co-founder and Greylock Partner Reid Hoffman sets out to describe and prove theories that explain how great entrepreneurs take their companies from zero to a gazillion in ingenious fashion.",
"airtime": "Every other Wednesday June 12 through October 16 at 8pm (repeats Thursdays at 2am)",
"imageSrc": "https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/04/Masters-of-Scale-Podcast-Tile-360x360-1.jpg",
"officialWebsiteLink": "https://mastersofscale.com/",
"meta": {
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"source": "WaitWhat"
},
"link": "/radio/program/masters-of-scale",
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"apple": "http://mastersofscale.app.link/",
"rss": "https://rss.art19.com/masters-of-scale"
}
},
"mindshift": {
"id": "mindshift",
"title": "MindShift",
"tagline": "A podcast about the future of learning and how we raise our kids",
"info": "The MindShift podcast explores the innovations in education that are shaping how kids learn. Hosts Ki Sung and Katrina Schwartz introduce listeners to educators, researchers, parents and students who are developing effective ways to improve how kids learn. We cover topics like how fed-up administrators are developing surprising tactics to deal with classroom disruptions; how listening to podcasts are helping kids develop reading skills; the consequences of overparenting; and why interdisciplinary learning can engage students on all ends of the traditional achievement spectrum. This podcast is part of the MindShift education site, a division of KQED News. KQED is an NPR/PBS member station based in San Francisco. You can also visit the MindShift website for episodes and supplemental blog posts or tweet us \u003ca href=\"https://twitter.com/MindShiftKQED\">@MindShiftKQED\u003c/a> or visit us at \u003ca href=\"/mindshift\">MindShift.KQED.org\u003c/a>",
"imageSrc": "https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/04/Mindshift-Podcast-Tile-703x703-1.jpg",
"imageAlt": "KQED MindShift: How We Will Learn",
"officialWebsiteLink": "/mindshift/",
"meta": {
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"source": "kqed",
"order": 12
},
"link": "/podcasts/mindshift",
"subscribe": {
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"google": "https://podcasts.google.com/feed/aHR0cHM6Ly9mZWVkcy5tZWdhcGhvbmUuZm0vS1FJTkM1NzY0NjAwNDI5",
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}
},
"morning-edition": {
"id": "morning-edition",
"title": "Morning Edition",
"info": "\u003cem>Morning Edition\u003c/em> takes listeners around the country and the world with multi-faceted stories and commentaries every weekday. Hosts Steve Inskeep, David Greene and Rachel Martin bring you the latest breaking news and features to prepare you for the day.",
"airtime": "MON-FRI 3am-9am",
"imageSrc": "https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/04/Morning-Edition-Podcast-Tile-360x360-1.jpg",
"officialWebsiteLink": "https://www.npr.org/programs/morning-edition/",
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"link": "/radio/program/morning-edition"
},
"onourwatch": {
"id": "onourwatch",
"title": "On Our Watch",
"tagline": "Deeply-reported investigative journalism",
"info": "For decades, the process for how police police themselves has been inconsistent – if not opaque. In some states, like California, these proceedings were completely hidden. After a new police transparency law unsealed scores of internal affairs files, our reporters set out to examine these cases and the shadow world of police discipline. On Our Watch brings listeners into the rooms where officers are questioned and witnesses are interrogated to find out who this system is really protecting. Is it the officers, or the public they've sworn to serve?",
"imageSrc": "https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/04/On-Our-Watch-Podcast-Tile-703x703-1.jpg",
"imageAlt": "On Our Watch from NPR and KQED",
"officialWebsiteLink": "/podcasts/onourwatch",
"meta": {
"site": "news",
"source": "kqed",
"order": 11
},
"link": "/podcasts/onourwatch",
"subscribe": {
"apple": "https://podcasts.apple.com/podcast/id1567098962",
"google": "https://podcasts.google.com/feed/aHR0cHM6Ly9mZWVkcy5ucHIub3JnLzUxMDM2MC9wb2RjYXN0LnhtbD9zYz1nb29nbGVwb2RjYXN0cw",
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"rss": "https://feeds.npr.org/510360/podcast.xml"
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},
"on-the-media": {
"id": "on-the-media",
"title": "On The Media",
"info": "Our weekly podcast explores how the media 'sausage' is made, casts an incisive eye on fluctuations in the marketplace of ideas, and examines threats to the freedom of information and expression in America and abroad. For one hour a week, the show tries to lift the veil from the process of \"making media,\" especially news media, because it's through that lens that we see the world and the world sees us",
"airtime": "SUN 2pm-3pm, MON 12am-1am",
"imageSrc": "https://ww2.kqed.org/radio/wp-content/uploads/sites/50/2018/04/onTheMedia.png",
"officialWebsiteLink": "https://www.wnycstudios.org/shows/otm",
"meta": {
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"source": "wnyc"
},
"link": "/radio/program/on-the-media",
"subscribe": {
"apple": "https://itunes.apple.com/us/podcast/on-the-media/id73330715?mt=2",
"tuneIn": "https://tunein.com/radio/On-the-Media-p69/",
"rss": "http://feeds.wnyc.org/onthemedia"
}
},
"pbs-newshour": {
"id": "pbs-newshour",
"title": "PBS NewsHour",
"info": "Analysis, background reports and updates from the PBS NewsHour putting today's news in context.",
"airtime": "MON-FRI 3pm-4pm",
"imageSrc": "https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/04/PBS-News-Hour-Podcast-Tile-360x360-1.jpg",
"officialWebsiteLink": "https://www.pbs.org/newshour/",
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"source": "pbs"
},
"link": "/radio/program/pbs-newshour",
"subscribe": {
"apple": "https://itunes.apple.com/us/podcast/pbs-newshour-full-show/id394432287?mt=2",
"tuneIn": "https://tunein.com/radio/PBS-NewsHour---Full-Show-p425698/",
"rss": "https://www.pbs.org/newshour/feeds/rss/podcasts/show"
}
},
"perspectives": {
"id": "perspectives",
"title": "Perspectives",
"tagline": "KQED's series of daily listener commentaries since 1991",
"info": "KQED's series of daily listener commentaries since 1991.",
"imageSrc": "https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2025/01/Perspectives_Tile_Final.jpg",
"imageAlt": "KQED Perspectives",
"officialWebsiteLink": "/perspectives/",
"meta": {
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"source": "kqed",
"order": 14
},
"link": "/perspectives",
"subscribe": {
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"npr": "https://www.npr.org/podcasts/432309616/perspectives",
"rss": "https://ww2.kqed.org/perspectives/category/perspectives/feed/",
"google": "https://podcasts.google.com/feed/aHR0cHM6Ly93dzIua3FlZC5vcmcvcGVyc3BlY3RpdmVzL2NhdGVnb3J5L3BlcnNwZWN0aXZlcy9mZWVkLw"
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},
"planet-money": {
"id": "planet-money",
"title": "Planet Money",
"info": "The economy explained. Imagine you could call up a friend and say, Meet me at the bar and tell me what's going on with the economy. Now imagine that's actually a fun evening.",
"airtime": "SUN 3pm-4pm",
"imageSrc": "https://ww2.kqed.org/radio/wp-content/uploads/sites/50/2018/04/planetmoney.jpg",
"officialWebsiteLink": "https://www.npr.org/sections/money/",
"meta": {
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"source": "npr"
},
"link": "/radio/program/planet-money",
"subscribe": {
"npr": "https://rpb3r.app.goo.gl/M4f5",
"apple": "https://itunes.apple.com/us/podcast/planet-money/id290783428?mt=2",
"tuneIn": "https://tunein.com/podcasts/Business--Economics-Podcasts/Planet-Money-p164680/",
"rss": "https://feeds.npr.org/510289/podcast.xml"
}
},
"politicalbreakdown": {
"id": "politicalbreakdown",
"title": "Political Breakdown",
"tagline": "Politics from a personal perspective",
"info": "Political Breakdown is a new series that explores the political intersection of California and the nation. Each week hosts Scott Shafer and Marisa Lagos are joined with a new special guest to unpack politics -- with personality — and offer an insider’s glimpse at how politics happens.",
"airtime": "THU 6:30pm-7pm",
"imageSrc": "https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/04/Political-Breakdown-2024-Podcast-Tile-703x703-1.jpg",
"imageAlt": "KQED Political Breakdown",
"officialWebsiteLink": "/podcasts/politicalbreakdown",
"meta": {
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"source": "kqed",
"order": 5
},
"link": "/podcasts/politicalbreakdown",
"subscribe": {
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"amazon": "https://music.amazon.com/podcasts/e0c2d153-ad36-4c8d-901d-f1da6a724824/political-breakdown",
"npr": "https://www.npr.org/podcasts/572155894/political-breakdown",
"stitcher": "https://www.stitcher.com/podcast/kqed/political-breakdown",
"spotify": "https://open.spotify.com/show/07RVyIjIdk2WDuVehvBMoN",
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