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"content": "\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Updated at 3:46 p.m. ET\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Nancy Pelosi is again speaker of the House, as Democrats retook control of the chamber for the first time in eight years, bringing divided government back to Washington.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The first woman to hold the position, Pelosi is now the first person to reclaim the speaker's gavel in more than six decades.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The California Democrat was elected with 220 votes over California Republican Kevin McCarthy, the new minority leader.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>After accepting the speaker's gavel from McCarthy, Pelosi said the nation is at a \"historic moment.\" And while not mentioning President Trump by name, Pelosi said voters spoke last November, calling on \"the beauty of our Constitution, our system of checks and balances that protects our democracy.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Pelosi said she was \"particularly proud\" to return as speaker now, in the 100th year of women having the right to vote, presiding over more than 100 women in Congress, the highest number in history.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>With the start of the new Congress, nearly 100 newly elected lawmakers are coming to the House and Senate — including those representing the 40 seats the Democrats picked up to sweep their party back into power in the House.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>They will be led by Pelosi, who with Thursday's vote returns to the job of speaker after eight years leading Democrats in the minority. Pelosi made the record books in 2007 when she became the first woman elected speaker, and on Thursday, she became the first person to return to that job \u003ca href=\"https://history.house.gov/Institution/Firsts-Milestones/Speaker-Fast-Facts/\">since Sam Rayburn in 1955.\u003c/a>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Pelosi took the gavel in the midst of a nearly two-week partial government shutdown over Trump's demand for more than $5 billion to build a wall on the southwest border with Mexico. Democrats plan to launch their new majority with votes on a package of bills to end the shutdown and reform the rules of the House.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The first day of the new Congress is always a festive occasion, and Thursday's opening session was no different. Lawmakers brought along spouses and their children, many of whom surrounded Pelosi as she was sworn in as speaker.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>She said the House will \"debate and advance good ideas no matter where they come from\" and noted that the spending bill that is to get a vote late on Thursday had been supported by Senate Republicans.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11715745\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 800px\">\u003cimg class=\"size-medium wp-image-11715745\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2019/01/ap_19003644545687_custom-7f9af097fe2a53c9e5f3ffb905e9924154161ee8-s1600-c85-800x541.jpg\" alt=\"New Speaker of the House Nancy Pelosi and Steny Hoyer, D-Md., are applauded at the Capitol on Thursday as Democrats officially regain control of the chamber.\" width=\"800\" height=\"541\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2019/01/ap_19003644545687_custom-7f9af097fe2a53c9e5f3ffb905e9924154161ee8-s1600-c85-800x541.jpg 800w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2019/01/ap_19003644545687_custom-7f9af097fe2a53c9e5f3ffb905e9924154161ee8-s1600-c85-160x108.jpg 160w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2019/01/ap_19003644545687_custom-7f9af097fe2a53c9e5f3ffb905e9924154161ee8-s1600-c85-1020x690.jpg 1020w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2019/01/ap_19003644545687_custom-7f9af097fe2a53c9e5f3ffb905e9924154161ee8-s1600-c85-1200x812.jpg 1200w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2019/01/ap_19003644545687_custom-7f9af097fe2a53c9e5f3ffb905e9924154161ee8-s1600-c85.jpg 1600w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">New Speaker of the House Nancy Pelosi and Steny Hoyer, D-Md., are applauded at the Capitol on Thursday as Democrats officially regain control of the chamber. \u003ccite>(Carolyn Kaster/AP)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>She outlined an ambitious agenda for the next two years, saying the House will address income disparity and be \"a champion of the middle class,\" protect Medicare, Medicaid and Social Security, as well as people with pre-existing medical conditions, and face what she called \"the existential threat of our time, the climate crisis.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>She also pledged the House will act on guns by passing \"bipartisan background check legislation,\" pass the Equality Act to end discrimination against LGBTQ Americans, and protect those she called \"our patriotic, courageous Dreamers,\" young immigrants who arrived in the U.S. illegally as children.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Pelosi promised the 116th Congress will be \"transparent, bipartisan and unifying,\" saying that \"the floor of this House must be America's Town Hall: where the people will see our debates, and where their voices will be heard and affect our decisions.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The vote to reopen government is expected to sail through with a majority of Democrats supporting six bipartisan spending bills that fund most of the closed agencies through September and a short-term extension of current funding for the Department of Homeland Security. Pelosi said the legislation gives Republicans a chance to reopen government and to keep working on border security, which is funded through DHS.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>That party unity may begin to crack when it comes to the new House rules. A small group of progressives, including California Rep. Ro Khanna and incoming New York Rep. Alexandria Ocasio-Cortez, said they'll vote against the rules. They object to a provision that would require Congress to offset new spending through a provision called pay as you go, or PAYGO.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Traditional budget economists and incoming House Rules Committee Chairman Jim McGovern, D-Mass., said Democrats can, and often do, waive the rule Ocasio-Cortez and Khanna oppose. Progressives are divided on the issue. Congressional Progressive Caucus co-chairs, Reps. Pramila Jayapal, D-Wash., and Mark Pocan D-Wis., said they will support the rules package despite the budgeting concern.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>https://twitter.com/RoKhanna/status/1080472399123042304\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>https://twitter.com/AOC/status/1080492088356159489\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"Chairman McGovern and House Leadership have committed to us that PAYGO will not be an impediment to advancing key progressive priorities in the 116th Congress,\" the co-chairs said in a statement. \"With the assurances that PAYGO can be waived, we do plan to vote for the House rules package and proceed with legislation to fix the statute.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The fight over rules will be the first of likely many intraparty squabbles among Democrats as they try to satisfy the demands of an ideologically and demographically diverse coalition.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Other rules changes included in the package could significantly affect how the House operates. One revives a rule that would automatically raise the nation's borrowing authority once a budget is approved — lowering the threat of partisan confrontations about the debt ceiling. Another changes the process for attempts to force out a sitting House speaker. And Democrats also plan to vow lawmakers will get 72 hours to review any legislation before it gets a floor vote.\u003c/p>\n\u003cdiv class=\"fullattribution\">Copyright 2019 NPR. To see more, visit https://www.npr.org.\u003cimg src=\"https://www.google-analytics.com/__utm.gif?utmac=UA-5828686-4&utmdt=Pelosi+Retakes+Gavel+As+House+Speaker+With+New+Session+Of+Congress&utme=8(APIKey)9(MDAxOTAwOTE4MDEyMTkxMDAzNjczZDljZA004)\">\u003c/div>\n\n",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Pelosi said she was \"particularly proud\" to return as speaker now, in the 100th year of women having the right to vote, presiding over more than 100 women in Congress, the highest number in history.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>With the start of the new Congress, nearly 100 newly elected lawmakers are coming to the House and Senate — including those representing the 40 seats the Democrats picked up to sweep their party back into power in the House.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>They will be led by Pelosi, who with Thursday's vote returns to the job of speaker after eight years leading Democrats in the minority. Pelosi made the record books in 2007 when she became the first woman elected speaker, and on Thursday, she became the first person to return to that job \u003ca href=\"https://history.house.gov/Institution/Firsts-Milestones/Speaker-Fast-Facts/\">since Sam Rayburn in 1955.\u003c/a>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Pelosi took the gavel in the midst of a nearly two-week partial government shutdown over Trump's demand for more than $5 billion to build a wall on the southwest border with Mexico. Democrats plan to launch their new majority with votes on a package of bills to end the shutdown and reform the rules of the House.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The first day of the new Congress is always a festive occasion, and Thursday's opening session was no different. 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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\n\u003cp>\"Chairman McGovern and House Leadership have committed to us that PAYGO will not be an impediment to advancing key progressive priorities in the 116th Congress,\" the co-chairs said in a statement. \"With the assurances that PAYGO can be waived, we do plan to vote for the House rules package and proceed with legislation to fix the statute.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The fight over rules will be the first of likely many intraparty squabbles among Democrats as they try to satisfy the demands of an ideologically and demographically diverse coalition.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Other rules changes included in the package could significantly affect how the House operates. One revives a rule that would automatically raise the nation's borrowing authority once a budget is approved — lowering the threat of partisan confrontations about the debt ceiling. Another changes the process for attempts to force out a sitting House speaker. And Democrats also plan to vow lawmakers will get 72 hours to review any legislation before it gets a floor vote.\u003c/p>\n\u003cdiv class=\"fullattribution\">Copyright 2019 NPR. To see more, visit https://www.npr.org.\u003cimg src=\"https://www.google-analytics.com/__utm.gif?utmac=UA-5828686-4&utmdt=Pelosi+Retakes+Gavel+As+House+Speaker+With+New+Session+Of+Congress&utme=8(APIKey)9(MDAxOTAwOTE4MDEyMTkxMDAzNjczZDljZA004)\">\u003c/div>\n\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>",
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"disqusTitle": "U.S. Agents Fire Tear Gas at Migrants Trying to Cross Mexico Border",
"title": "U.S. Agents Fire Tear Gas at Migrants Trying to Cross Mexico Border",
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"content": "\u003cp>U.S. border protection agents fired tear gas into Mexico early Tuesday aimed at about 150 migrants who were trying to scale over and crawl under a border fence to cross into the U.S., according to The \u003ca href=\"https://apnews.com/3f2a5aba2a8844dcb05816a24402739e\">Associated Press\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>White clouds of acrid smoke could be seen wafting over the migrants' heads in video captured by \u003ca href=\"https://www.reuters.com/article/us-usa-immigration-border/us-agents-fire-tear-gas-at-violent-mob-near-mexico-border-idUSKCN1OV1TG\">Reuters\u003c/a>. Migrants coughed and bent over as they walked through the haze. At least one person hurled a canister back toward U.S. agents.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>A spokeswoman for the Department of Homeland Security said the migrants were part of \"a violent mob\" that attacked U.S. agents with projectiles. Katie Waldman \u003ca href=\"https://www.latimes.com/local/lanow/la-me-ln-tear-gas-border-crossing-20190101-story.html\">told\u003c/a> reporter Wendy Fry \"the mob began pushing women and minors to the front, forcing minors to climb dangerous concertina wire, and encouraged conveniently invited media to begin filming their illegal acts.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cblockquote class=\"twitter-tweet\">\n\u003cp dir=\"ltr\" lang=\"en\">Statement from \u003ca href=\"https://twitter.com/DHSgov?ref_src=twsrc%5Etfw\">@DHSgov\u003c/a> spokeswoman about U.S. border agents firing tear gas on migrant group trying to cross border fence when some in group threw rocks at \u003ca href=\"https://twitter.com/CBP?ref_src=twsrc%5Etfw\">@CBP\u003c/a> officers in San Diego \u003ca href=\"https://twitter.com/CBPSanDiego?ref_src=twsrc%5Etfw\">@CBPSanDiego\u003c/a> \u003ca href=\"https://t.co/OF3pyet7d0\">pic.twitter.com/OF3pyet7d0\u003c/a>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>— WendyFry (@WendyFry_) \u003ca href=\"https://twitter.com/WendyFry_/status/1080300351150931970?ref_src=twsrc%5Etfw\">January 2, 2019\u003c/a>\u003c/p>\u003c/blockquote>\n\u003cp>An AP photographer at the scene \u003ca href=\"https://apnews.com/3f2a5aba2a8844dcb05816a24402739e\">said\u003c/a> the migrants began throwing rocks after the tear gas was fired.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The men, women and children on the Mexico side of the border arrived with \u003ca href=\"https://www.npr.org/2018/12/24/679895410/in-2018-thousands-of-migrants-traveled-to-the-u-s-in-caravans-escaping-violence-\">the caravan\u003c/a> of thousands of migrants who say they are fleeing violence and poverty in Central America. Most have been stopped in Mexico and have been waiting in shelters in Tijuana for weeks for a chance to apply for asylum in the U.S. Several of the migrants \u003ca href=\"https://www.latimes.com/local/lanow/la-me-ln-tear-gas-border-crossing-20190101-story.html\">told\u003c/a> the Los Angeles Times they tried to cross the border illegally after growing frustrated with the deadlocked process.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Amnesty International deputy director of research Justin Mazzola \u003ca href=\"https://www.amnestyusa.org/press-releases/amnesty-usa-reaction-to-use-of-tear-gas-along-us-mexico-border/\">condemned \u003c/a>the firing of tear gas as \"cruel and inhumane\" and called for an investigation into the incident.\u003c/p>\n\u003caside class=\"alignright\">\n\u003ch3>\u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/news/11708219/tear-gassing-asylum-seekers\">Tear-Gassing Asylum-Seekers\u003c/a>\u003c/h3>\n\u003cfigure>\u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/news/11708219/tear-gassing-asylum-seekers\">\u003cimg src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2018/11/running_112618_final-1180x758.jpg\" alt=\"\">\u003c/a>\u003c/figure>\n\u003c/aside>\n\u003cp>\"The Trump administration is defying international law and orchestrating a crisis by deliberately turning asylum-seekers away from ports of entry, endangering families who see no choice but to take desperate measures in their search for protection,\" Mazzola said in a statement.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In November, U.S. border agents \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/news/11708306/bay-area-lawmakers-criticize-border-patrols-use-of-tear-gas-on-migrants\">fired tear gas at a crowd of migrants\u003c/a> moving toward the U.S.-Mexico border. After that clash, the U.S. temporarily closed the San Ysidro border crossing.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The issue of border security has paralyzed the government after President Trump demanded an additional $5 billion in funding for securing the frontier and Democrats refused. The federal government\u003ca href=\"https://www.npr.org/2019/01/01/681441666/trump-invites-congressional-leaders-for-talks-as-shutdown-continues\"> began its 12th day of a partial shutdown\u003c/a> Wednesday; it is unlikely to end before Congress resumes on Jan. 3. That's the day Democrats take control of the House of Representatives, and the chamber is expected to vote on a bill to end the shutdown.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11715540\" class=\"wp-caption alignright\" style=\"max-width: 1920px\">\u003ca href=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2019/01/GettyImages-1071233102-e1546471281398.jpg\">\u003cimg class=\"size-full wp-image-11715540\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2019/01/GettyImages-1071233102-e1546471281398.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"1920\" height=\"1186\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2019/01/GettyImages-1071233102-e1546471281398.jpg 1920w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2019/01/GettyImages-1071233102-e1546471281398-160x99.jpg 160w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2019/01/GettyImages-1071233102-e1546471281398-800x494.jpg 800w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2019/01/GettyImages-1071233102-e1546471281398-1020x630.jpg 1020w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2019/01/GettyImages-1071233102-e1546471281398-1200x741.jpg 1200w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 1920px) 100vw, 1920px\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">U.S. Customs and Border Protection (CBP) agents stand guard on the U.S. side of the San Ysidro Port of Entry. \u003ccite>(Mario Tama/Getty Images)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>DHS spokeswoman Waldman added in her statement, \"Congress needs to fully fund the border wall.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>DHS Secretary Kirstjen Nielsen \u003ca href=\"https://www.npr.org/2018/12/29/680950631/dhs-secretary-kirstjen-nielsen-visits-u-s-border-after-second-migrant-childs-dea\">visited the border\u003c/a> over the weekend in Texas to inspect migrant processing facilities and medical screenings of children. Her visit came after two Guatemalan children died in U.S. custody in December.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Independent of border funding, the Trump administration has taken steps to tighten rules around asylum-seekers. The White House \u003ca href=\"https://www.npr.org/2018/12/21/679237244/asylum-lawyer-discusses-new-u-s-policy-changes\">announced in December that Mexico\u003c/a>, rather than the U.S., will house migrants while they wait for their asylum cases to be processed.\u003c/p>\n\u003caside class=\"alignright\">\n\u003ch3>\u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/news/11714240/new-policy-adds-to-complexity-for-migrants-in-mexico-seeking-u-s-asylum\">New Policy Adds to Complexity for Migrants in Mexico Seeking U.S. Asylum\u003c/a>\u003c/h3>\n\u003cfigure>\u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/news/11714240/new-policy-adds-to-complexity-for-migrants-in-mexico-seeking-u-s-asylum\">\u003cimg src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2018/12/RS34155_Nolvia-Romero-FINAL-01-qut-1180x785.jpg\" alt=\"\">\u003c/a>\u003c/figure>\n\u003c/aside>\n\u003cp>Secretary of State Mike Pompeo told NPR's \u003ca href=\"https://www.npr.org/2018/12/21/679057325/trump-administration-changes-border-policy-to-discourage-asylum-seekers\">Steve Inskeep\u003c/a>, \"We think this will disincentivize folks who think that if they can make the transit through Mexico — a very difficult and arduous journey where terrible things often happen to these migrants — we think they will realize that they won't be able to stay in the United States and disappear into our country.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The White House has also attempted to prevent migrants from applying for asylum if they cross the border illegally, and to rule that domestic abuse or gang violence does not qualify migrants for asylum. Judges in California and Washington, D.C., \u003ca href=\"https://www.npr.org/2018/12/20/678557703/latest-court-rulings-deal-setbacks-to-trump-s-attempt-to-thwart-asylum-seekers\">struck down both of those measures\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cdiv class=\"fullattribution\">Copyright 2019 NPR. To see more, visit \u003ca href=\"https://www.npr.org\">https://www.npr.org\u003c/a>.\u003cimg src=\"https://www.google-analytics.com/__utm.gif?utmac=UA-5828686-4&utmdt=U.S.+Agents+Fire+Tear+Gas+At+Migrants+Trying+To+Cross+Mexico+Border&utme=8(APIKey)9(MDAxOTAwOTE4MDEyMTkxMDAzNjczZDljZA004)\">\u003c/div>\n\n",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>U.S. border protection agents fired tear gas into Mexico early Tuesday aimed at about 150 migrants who were trying to scale over and crawl under a border fence to cross into the U.S., according to The \u003ca href=\"https://apnews.com/3f2a5aba2a8844dcb05816a24402739e\">Associated Press\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>White clouds of acrid smoke could be seen wafting over the migrants' heads in video captured by \u003ca href=\"https://www.reuters.com/article/us-usa-immigration-border/us-agents-fire-tear-gas-at-violent-mob-near-mexico-border-idUSKCN1OV1TG\">Reuters\u003c/a>. Migrants coughed and bent over as they walked through the haze. At least one person hurled a canister back toward U.S. agents.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>A spokeswoman for the Department of Homeland Security said the migrants were part of \"a violent mob\" that attacked U.S. agents with projectiles. Katie Waldman \u003ca href=\"https://www.latimes.com/local/lanow/la-me-ln-tear-gas-border-crossing-20190101-story.html\">told\u003c/a> reporter Wendy Fry \"the mob began pushing women and minors to the front, forcing minors to climb dangerous concertina wire, and encouraged conveniently invited media to begin filming their illegal acts.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cblockquote class=\"twitter-tweet\">\n\u003cp dir=\"ltr\" lang=\"en\">Statement from \u003ca href=\"https://twitter.com/DHSgov?ref_src=twsrc%5Etfw\">@DHSgov\u003c/a> spokeswoman about U.S. border agents firing tear gas on migrant group trying to cross border fence when some in group threw rocks at \u003ca href=\"https://twitter.com/CBP?ref_src=twsrc%5Etfw\">@CBP\u003c/a> officers in San Diego \u003ca href=\"https://twitter.com/CBPSanDiego?ref_src=twsrc%5Etfw\">@CBPSanDiego\u003c/a> \u003ca href=\"https://t.co/OF3pyet7d0\">pic.twitter.com/OF3pyet7d0\u003c/a>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>— WendyFry (@WendyFry_) \u003ca href=\"https://twitter.com/WendyFry_/status/1080300351150931970?ref_src=twsrc%5Etfw\">January 2, 2019\u003c/a>\u003c/p>\u003c/blockquote>\n\u003cp>An AP photographer at the scene \u003ca href=\"https://apnews.com/3f2a5aba2a8844dcb05816a24402739e\">said\u003c/a> the migrants began throwing rocks after the tear gas was fired.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The men, women and children on the Mexico side of the border arrived with \u003ca href=\"https://www.npr.org/2018/12/24/679895410/in-2018-thousands-of-migrants-traveled-to-the-u-s-in-caravans-escaping-violence-\">the caravan\u003c/a> of thousands of migrants who say they are fleeing violence and poverty in Central America. Most have been stopped in Mexico and have been waiting in shelters in Tijuana for weeks for a chance to apply for asylum in the U.S. Several of the migrants \u003ca href=\"https://www.latimes.com/local/lanow/la-me-ln-tear-gas-border-crossing-20190101-story.html\">told\u003c/a> the Los Angeles Times they tried to cross the border illegally after growing frustrated with the deadlocked process.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Amnesty International deputy director of research Justin Mazzola \u003ca href=\"https://www.amnestyusa.org/press-releases/amnesty-usa-reaction-to-use-of-tear-gas-along-us-mexico-border/\">condemned \u003c/a>the firing of tear gas as \"cruel and inhumane\" and called for an investigation into the incident.\u003c/p>\n\u003caside class=\"alignright\">\n\u003ch3>\u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/news/11708219/tear-gassing-asylum-seekers\">Tear-Gassing Asylum-Seekers\u003c/a>\u003c/h3>\n\u003cfigure>\u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/news/11708219/tear-gassing-asylum-seekers\">\u003cimg src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2018/11/running_112618_final-1180x758.jpg\" alt=\"\">\u003c/a>\u003c/figure>\n\u003c/aside>\n\u003cp>\"The Trump administration is defying international law and orchestrating a crisis by deliberately turning asylum-seekers away from ports of entry, endangering families who see no choice but to take desperate measures in their search for protection,\" Mazzola said in a statement.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In November, U.S. border agents \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/news/11708306/bay-area-lawmakers-criticize-border-patrols-use-of-tear-gas-on-migrants\">fired tear gas at a crowd of migrants\u003c/a> moving toward the U.S.-Mexico border. After that clash, the U.S. temporarily closed the San Ysidro border crossing.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The issue of border security has paralyzed the government after President Trump demanded an additional $5 billion in funding for securing the frontier and Democrats refused. The federal government\u003ca href=\"https://www.npr.org/2019/01/01/681441666/trump-invites-congressional-leaders-for-talks-as-shutdown-continues\"> began its 12th day of a partial shutdown\u003c/a> Wednesday; it is unlikely to end before Congress resumes on Jan. 3. That's the day Democrats take control of the House of Representatives, and the chamber is expected to vote on a bill to end the shutdown.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11715540\" class=\"wp-caption alignright\" style=\"max-width: 1920px\">\u003ca href=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2019/01/GettyImages-1071233102-e1546471281398.jpg\">\u003cimg class=\"size-full wp-image-11715540\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2019/01/GettyImages-1071233102-e1546471281398.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"1920\" height=\"1186\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2019/01/GettyImages-1071233102-e1546471281398.jpg 1920w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2019/01/GettyImages-1071233102-e1546471281398-160x99.jpg 160w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2019/01/GettyImages-1071233102-e1546471281398-800x494.jpg 800w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2019/01/GettyImages-1071233102-e1546471281398-1020x630.jpg 1020w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2019/01/GettyImages-1071233102-e1546471281398-1200x741.jpg 1200w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 1920px) 100vw, 1920px\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">U.S. Customs and Border Protection (CBP) agents stand guard on the U.S. side of the San Ysidro Port of Entry. \u003ccite>(Mario Tama/Getty Images)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>DHS spokeswoman Waldman added in her statement, \"Congress needs to fully fund the border wall.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>DHS Secretary Kirstjen Nielsen \u003ca href=\"https://www.npr.org/2018/12/29/680950631/dhs-secretary-kirstjen-nielsen-visits-u-s-border-after-second-migrant-childs-dea\">visited the border\u003c/a> over the weekend in Texas to inspect migrant processing facilities and medical screenings of children. Her visit came after two Guatemalan children died in U.S. custody in December.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Independent of border funding, the Trump administration has taken steps to tighten rules around asylum-seekers. The White House \u003ca href=\"https://www.npr.org/2018/12/21/679237244/asylum-lawyer-discusses-new-u-s-policy-changes\">announced in December that Mexico\u003c/a>, rather than the U.S., will house migrants while they wait for their asylum cases to be processed.\u003c/p>\n\u003caside class=\"alignright\">\n\u003ch3>\u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/news/11714240/new-policy-adds-to-complexity-for-migrants-in-mexico-seeking-u-s-asylum\">New Policy Adds to Complexity for Migrants in Mexico Seeking U.S. Asylum\u003c/a>\u003c/h3>\n\u003cfigure>\u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/news/11714240/new-policy-adds-to-complexity-for-migrants-in-mexico-seeking-u-s-asylum\">\u003cimg src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2018/12/RS34155_Nolvia-Romero-FINAL-01-qut-1180x785.jpg\" alt=\"\">\u003c/a>\u003c/figure>\n\u003c/aside>\n\u003cp>Secretary of State Mike Pompeo told NPR's \u003ca href=\"https://www.npr.org/2018/12/21/679057325/trump-administration-changes-border-policy-to-discourage-asylum-seekers\">Steve Inskeep\u003c/a>, \"We think this will disincentivize folks who think that if they can make the transit through Mexico — a very difficult and arduous journey where terrible things often happen to these migrants — we think they will realize that they won't be able to stay in the United States and disappear into our country.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The White House has also attempted to prevent migrants from applying for asylum if they cross the border illegally, and to rule that domestic abuse or gang violence does not qualify migrants for asylum. Judges in California and Washington, D.C., \u003ca href=\"https://www.npr.org/2018/12/20/678557703/latest-court-rulings-deal-setbacks-to-trump-s-attempt-to-thwart-asylum-seekers\">struck down both of those measures\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cdiv class=\"fullattribution\">Copyright 2019 NPR. To see more, visit \u003ca href=\"https://www.npr.org\">https://www.npr.org\u003c/a>.\u003cimg src=\"https://www.google-analytics.com/__utm.gif?utmac=UA-5828686-4&utmdt=U.S.+Agents+Fire+Tear+Gas+At+Migrants+Trying+To+Cross+Mexico+Border&utme=8(APIKey)9(MDAxOTAwOTE4MDEyMTkxMDAzNjczZDljZA004)\">\u003c/div>\n\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>",
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"content": "\u003cp>The House of Representatives will vote on a funding bill to end the partial government shutdown on Thursday, the first day of the new Congress when Democrats will take control of the chamber and are expected to elect Rep. Nancy Pelosi, D-Calif., as speaker.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>According to a Democratic leadership aide, the legislation will include the full-year appropriations for six of the seven outstanding funding bills and stop-gap funding until Feb. 8 for the Department of Homeland Security, which is where the fight over President Trump's demand for $5.7 billion in border wall funding is contained.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>This is a Democratic proposal, and it is unclear if it will be taken up by the Senate, where Republicans will expand their majority come Thursday, or if President Trump will support it. Speaker-designate Pelosi has previously stated that the House would take up a bill to reopen government as a first order of business. Senate Majority Leader Mitch McConnell, R-Ky., has said he will put a bill on the floor only if President Trump will support and sign it.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The Senate previously passed a bill to keep the government open without the president's wall funding, before Trump changed his mind and decided not to sign it. The outgoing Republican House majority passed a bill with Trump's wall funds that was not passed by the Senate, where Democratic votes are necessary for such legislation.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>A proposal was floated on Sunday by Sen. Lindsey Graham, R-S.C., to trade wall funds for legislation addressing the Deferred Action for Childhood Arrivals program and Temporary Protected Status, granted to those from a country where it's deemed unsafe to return. The same Democratic aide said in response, \"Unless the president puts a proposal on the table, there's nothing to discuss given how many times the president has changed his position.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Trump spent Monday morning taunting Democrats on Twitter, urging them to \"come back from vacation now\" as he remained at the White House.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>https://twitter.com/realDonaldTrump/status/1079763419908243456\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The president was also on the defensive over comments his outgoing chief of staff, John Kelly, made over the weekend about the status of plans for a border wall.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"To be honest, it's not a wall,\" Kelly said in an \u003ca href=\"https://www.latimes.com/politics/la-na-pol-john-kelly-exit-interview-20181230-story.html\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">exit interview\u003c/a> with the Los Angeles Times. He added, \"The president still says 'wall' — oftentimes frankly he'll say 'barrier' or 'fencing,' now he's tended toward steel slats. But we left a solid concrete wall early on in the administration, when we asked people what they needed and where they needed it.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In response, Trump tweeted, \"An all concrete Wall was NEVER ABANDONED, as has been reported by the media.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>On Dec. 21, however, the president tweeted out a drawing of a barrier made of steel slats, calling it \"totally effective.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>https://twitter.com/realDonaldTrump/status/1076239448461987841\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Copyright 2018 NPR. To see more, visit https://www.npr.org.\u003c/p>\n\n",
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"excerpt": "Incoming House leadership plans legislation to fund Department of Homeland Security for a month. President Trump shows no sign of agreeing to their terms, digging in on funding a border wall.",
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"description": "Incoming House leadership plans legislation to fund Department of Homeland Security for a month. President Trump shows no sign of agreeing to their terms, digging in on funding a border wall.",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>The House of Representatives will vote on a funding bill to end the partial government shutdown on Thursday, the first day of the new Congress when Democrats will take control of the chamber and are expected to elect Rep. Nancy Pelosi, D-Calif., as speaker.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>According to a Democratic leadership aide, the legislation will include the full-year appropriations for six of the seven outstanding funding bills and stop-gap funding until Feb. 8 for the Department of Homeland Security, which is where the fight over President Trump's demand for $5.7 billion in border wall funding is contained.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>This is a Democratic proposal, and it is unclear if it will be taken up by the Senate, where Republicans will expand their majority come Thursday, or if President Trump will support it. Speaker-designate Pelosi has previously stated that the House would take up a bill to reopen government as a first order of business. Senate Majority Leader Mitch McConnell, R-Ky., has said he will put a bill on the floor only if President Trump will support and sign it.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The Senate previously passed a bill to keep the government open without the president's wall funding, before Trump changed his mind and decided not to sign it. The outgoing Republican House majority passed a bill with Trump's wall funds that was not passed by the Senate, where Democratic votes are necessary for such legislation.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>A proposal was floated on Sunday by Sen. Lindsey Graham, R-S.C., to trade wall funds for legislation addressing the Deferred Action for Childhood Arrivals program and Temporary Protected Status, granted to those from a country where it's deemed unsafe to return. The same Democratic aide said in response, \"Unless the president puts a proposal on the table, there's nothing to discuss given how many times the president has changed his position.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Trump spent Monday morning taunting Democrats on Twitter, urging them to \"come back from vacation now\" as he remained at the White House.\u003c/p>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\n\u003cp>The president was also on the defensive over comments his outgoing chief of staff, John Kelly, made over the weekend about the status of plans for a border wall.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"To be honest, it's not a wall,\" Kelly said in an \u003ca href=\"https://www.latimes.com/politics/la-na-pol-john-kelly-exit-interview-20181230-story.html\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">exit interview\u003c/a> with the Los Angeles Times. He added, \"The president still says 'wall' — oftentimes frankly he'll say 'barrier' or 'fencing,' now he's tended toward steel slats. But we left a solid concrete wall early on in the administration, when we asked people what they needed and where they needed it.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In response, Trump tweeted, \"An all concrete Wall was NEVER ABANDONED, as has been reported by the media.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>On Dec. 21, however, the president tweeted out a drawing of a barrier made of steel slats, calling it \"totally effective.\"\u003c/p>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Copyright 2018 NPR. To see more, visit https://www.npr.org.\u003c/p>\n\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>",
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"slug": "department-of-homeland-security-promises-changes-to-protect-migrant-children",
"title": "Department of Homeland Security Promises Changes to Protect Migrant Children",
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"content": "\u003cp>In the wake of the death of a second migrant child in U.S. custody within the past two weeks, Homeland Security Secretary Kirstjen Nielsen announced on Wednesday the government is calling on several federal agencies to help U.S. Customs and Border Protection implement a host of new directives intended to improve how it cares for children and adults held in federal facilities.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“In response to the unprecedented surge of children into our custody, I have directed a series of extraordinary protective measures,” Nielsen said in a statement.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>She explained the changes had been enacted as a result of the “heartbreaking” death of Guatemalan \u003ca href=\"https://www.npr.org/2018/12/25/680066848/8-year-old-migrant-boy-dies-in-government-custody-in-new-mexico-hospital\">Felipe Gomez Alonso\u003c/a>, 8, who \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/news/11714697/california-lawmakers-slam-border-patrol-over-latest-migrant-child-death\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">died after being diagnosed\u003c/a> with a cold and a high fever in New Mexico on Monday night.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"https://www.npr.org/2018/12/13/676622047/7-year-old-migrant-girl-dies-of-dehydration-and-shock-in-border-patrol-custody\">Jackelin Caal Maquin\u003c/a>, a 7-year-old girl also from Guatemala, died of dehydration and septic shock on Dec. 8, two days after she was taken into custody with her father.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“It is now clear that migrants, particularly children, are increasingly facing medical challenges and harboring illness caused by their long and dangerous journey,” Nielsen said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The recent fatalities are the first such child deaths in more than a decade, according to Nielsen, who cited the remote locations of their crossings and lack of resources as the primary obstacles preventing first responders from dispatching assistance.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>As of Tuesday, Border Patrol agents had started conducting secondary medical checks on all children in CBP custody, including unaccompanied minors and those part of family units traveling with other family members or legal guardians.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Moving forward, all children will receive more thorough hands on assessment at the earliest possible time post-apprehension – whether or not the accompanying adult has asked for one,” Nielsen said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The Homeland Security secretary said she had tapped the Department of Defense to boost medical staffs along the border as well as the U.S. Coast Guard Medical Corps to assess CBP’s medical programs and make recommendations for improvements.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Additionally, Nielsen said, “I have personally engaged with the Centers for Disease Control to request that their experts investigate the uptick in sick children crossing our borders and identify additional steps hospitals along the border should be undertaking to prepare for and to treat these children.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>An earlier statement by CBP Commissioner Kevin McAleenan noted the agency is considering requesting further aid from the Federal Emergency Management Agency and Health and Human Services “to assist U.S. Border Patrol supplemental medical capabilities.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>With regard to the partnership with the CDC, McAleenan said the two agencies would coordinate “on the numbers of children in custody as well” — a suggestion that drew sharp criticism from Rep. Lou Correa, a member of the Congressional Hispanic Caucus from California and chairman-elect of the House Homeland Security Oversight Subcommittee.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“The fact that they’re trying to get an accurate head count now is very concerning,” Correa told NPR. “You would think that someone comes into custody, and that is when the head count is done.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“In this age of high-tech interconnectivity, why is it that we don’t have an accurate head count?” he asked. “It raises a whole number of red flags.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Correa supported the announced move by CBP to begin a full review of its policies regarding “the care and custody of children under 10 at intake and beyond 24 hours in custody,” saying a broader mind shift in the way migrants are perceived by Border Patrol agents and politicians is long overdue.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“CBP and Border Patrol have not figured out that this a refugee and humanitarian crisis. They’re still stuck in a mentality of zero tolerance and deterrence, when in reality what you have are families fleeing violence who need doctors and social services” when they arrive in the U.S. seeking asylum, Correa said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The congressman said promises of more medical personnel do not sufficiently address the systematic and management problems within CBP that allowed for the deaths of Jackelin and Felipe.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In the boy’s case, “he was transported to a local medical facility, then he was released and \u003cem>then\u003c/em> he died” Correa said. “That tells me we still have a lot of gaps in the system that we need to address.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Andrew Meehan, CBP assistant commissioner for public affairs, told NPR there has been a “dramatic increase in the numbers of families and kids that are approaching the border.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>According to CBP, \u003ca href=\"https://www.cbp.gov/newsroom/stats/sw-border-migration/fy-2018\">48,287 family units\u003c/a> were apprehended during October and November, which is in contrast with \u003ca href=\"https://www.cbp.gov/newsroom/stats/sw-border-migration/fy-2018\">11,852 family units\u003c/a> that were apprehended during the same period in the previous fiscal year.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The number of unaccompanied minors is also on the rise; 10,265 children traveled alone in October and November of this fiscal year, whereas 7,127 were taken into custody over the same two months the previous year.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Meehan said the shift in demographics among arriving migrants has placed tremendous strain on existing intake systems and detention facilities built 20 to 30 years ago. “They are meant to handle single adults usually traveling for seasonal work” from Mexico, he said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Secretary Nielsen placed the blame for the influx of young children on parents, suggesting that America has “an immigration system that rewards parents for sending their children across the border alone, a system that prevents parents who bring their children on a dangerous and illegal journey from facing consequences for their actions, an asylum process that is not able to quickly help those who qualify for asylum.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Under current law, non-Mexican unaccompanied children cannot be released or removed from the U.S. They are turned over to Health and Human Services for placement, while family units are typically released into the interior while they await asylum proceedings.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Rep. Joaquin Castro, D-Texas, who is the incoming chair of the Congressional Hispanic Caucus, \u003ca href=\"https://www.npr.org/2018/12/26/680260468/texas-congressman-discusses-border-facilities-and-how-to-prevent-future-deaths\">told NPR’s \u003cem>All Things Considered\u003c/em>\u003c/a> he hopes CBP moves quickly on its latest plan to relieve overcrowding issues in Border Patrol stations and checkpoints in El Paso. Officials said they are “reviewing all options” to reduce the number of people in custody by partnering with local nongovernmental organizations to provide temporary housing.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“I hope that [CBP] will ask Congress for the medical resources and supplies and training and equipment and personnel that they need to properly treat the migrants who are arriving at the U.S. Mexico border,” Castro said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“It should be noted that the lack of training and equipment and staff also presents a danger to the personnel from CBP who work there,” he added.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Castro said that it is “remarkable” that Congress has not received an official count of the number of children who have died in CBP custody over the last year and called on the agency to release the information immediately.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Because the president has taken such a dehumanizing and criminalizing tone when it comes to asylum-seekers and migrants, I think it’s important to get an answer to that question,” he said. “And until we get an official count, I think with this administration anything’s possible.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad floatright]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>NPR’s Joel Rose contributed to this report. \u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\u003cdiv class=\"fullattribution\">Copyright 2018 NPR. To see more, visit https://www.npr.org.\u003cimg decoding=\"async\" src=\"https://www.google-analytics.com/__utm.gif?utmac=UA-5828686-4&utmdt=Department+Of+Homeland+Security+Promises+Changes+To+Protect+Migrant+Children&utme=8(APIKey)9(MDAxOTAwOTE4MDEyMTkxMDAzNjczZDljZA004)\">\u003c/div>\n\n",
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"excerpt": "Secretary Kirstjen Nielsen promises new \"extraordinary protective measures\" in the wake of the death of a second migrant child this month. They will require assistance from multiple federal agencies.",
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"title": "Department of Homeland Security Promises Changes to Protect Migrant Children | KQED",
"description": "Secretary Kirstjen Nielsen promises new "extraordinary protective measures" in the wake of the death of a second migrant child this month. They will require assistance from multiple federal agencies.",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>In the wake of the death of a second migrant child in U.S. custody within the past two weeks, Homeland Security Secretary Kirstjen Nielsen announced on Wednesday the government is calling on several federal agencies to help U.S. Customs and Border Protection implement a host of new directives intended to improve how it cares for children and adults held in federal facilities.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“In response to the unprecedented surge of children into our custody, I have directed a series of extraordinary protective measures,” Nielsen said in a statement.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>She explained the changes had been enacted as a result of the “heartbreaking” death of Guatemalan \u003ca href=\"https://www.npr.org/2018/12/25/680066848/8-year-old-migrant-boy-dies-in-government-custody-in-new-mexico-hospital\">Felipe Gomez Alonso\u003c/a>, 8, who \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/news/11714697/california-lawmakers-slam-border-patrol-over-latest-migrant-child-death\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">died after being diagnosed\u003c/a> with a cold and a high fever in New Mexico on Monday night.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"https://www.npr.org/2018/12/13/676622047/7-year-old-migrant-girl-dies-of-dehydration-and-shock-in-border-patrol-custody\">Jackelin Caal Maquin\u003c/a>, a 7-year-old girl also from Guatemala, died of dehydration and septic shock on Dec. 8, two days after she was taken into custody with her father.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“It is now clear that migrants, particularly children, are increasingly facing medical challenges and harboring illness caused by their long and dangerous journey,” Nielsen said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The recent fatalities are the first such child deaths in more than a decade, according to Nielsen, who cited the remote locations of their crossings and lack of resources as the primary obstacles preventing first responders from dispatching assistance.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>As of Tuesday, Border Patrol agents had started conducting secondary medical checks on all children in CBP custody, including unaccompanied minors and those part of family units traveling with other family members or legal guardians.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Moving forward, all children will receive more thorough hands on assessment at the earliest possible time post-apprehension – whether or not the accompanying adult has asked for one,” Nielsen said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The Homeland Security secretary said she had tapped the Department of Defense to boost medical staffs along the border as well as the U.S. Coast Guard Medical Corps to assess CBP’s medical programs and make recommendations for improvements.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Additionally, Nielsen said, “I have personally engaged with the Centers for Disease Control to request that their experts investigate the uptick in sick children crossing our borders and identify additional steps hospitals along the border should be undertaking to prepare for and to treat these children.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>An earlier statement by CBP Commissioner Kevin McAleenan noted the agency is considering requesting further aid from the Federal Emergency Management Agency and Health and Human Services “to assist U.S. Border Patrol supplemental medical capabilities.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>With regard to the partnership with the CDC, McAleenan said the two agencies would coordinate “on the numbers of children in custody as well” — a suggestion that drew sharp criticism from Rep. Lou Correa, a member of the Congressional Hispanic Caucus from California and chairman-elect of the House Homeland Security Oversight Subcommittee.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“The fact that they’re trying to get an accurate head count now is very concerning,” Correa told NPR. “You would think that someone comes into custody, and that is when the head count is done.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“In this age of high-tech interconnectivity, why is it that we don’t have an accurate head count?” he asked. “It raises a whole number of red flags.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Correa supported the announced move by CBP to begin a full review of its policies regarding “the care and custody of children under 10 at intake and beyond 24 hours in custody,” saying a broader mind shift in the way migrants are perceived by Border Patrol agents and politicians is long overdue.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“CBP and Border Patrol have not figured out that this a refugee and humanitarian crisis. They’re still stuck in a mentality of zero tolerance and deterrence, when in reality what you have are families fleeing violence who need doctors and social services” when they arrive in the U.S. seeking asylum, Correa said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The congressman said promises of more medical personnel do not sufficiently address the systematic and management problems within CBP that allowed for the deaths of Jackelin and Felipe.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In the boy’s case, “he was transported to a local medical facility, then he was released and \u003cem>then\u003c/em> he died” Correa said. “That tells me we still have a lot of gaps in the system that we need to address.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Andrew Meehan, CBP assistant commissioner for public affairs, told NPR there has been a “dramatic increase in the numbers of families and kids that are approaching the border.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>According to CBP, \u003ca href=\"https://www.cbp.gov/newsroom/stats/sw-border-migration/fy-2018\">48,287 family units\u003c/a> were apprehended during October and November, which is in contrast with \u003ca href=\"https://www.cbp.gov/newsroom/stats/sw-border-migration/fy-2018\">11,852 family units\u003c/a> that were apprehended during the same period in the previous fiscal year.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The number of unaccompanied minors is also on the rise; 10,265 children traveled alone in October and November of this fiscal year, whereas 7,127 were taken into custody over the same two months the previous year.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Meehan said the shift in demographics among arriving migrants has placed tremendous strain on existing intake systems and detention facilities built 20 to 30 years ago. “They are meant to handle single adults usually traveling for seasonal work” from Mexico, he said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Secretary Nielsen placed the blame for the influx of young children on parents, suggesting that America has “an immigration system that rewards parents for sending their children across the border alone, a system that prevents parents who bring their children on a dangerous and illegal journey from facing consequences for their actions, an asylum process that is not able to quickly help those who qualify for asylum.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Under current law, non-Mexican unaccompanied children cannot be released or removed from the U.S. They are turned over to Health and Human Services for placement, while family units are typically released into the interior while they await asylum proceedings.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Rep. Joaquin Castro, D-Texas, who is the incoming chair of the Congressional Hispanic Caucus, \u003ca href=\"https://www.npr.org/2018/12/26/680260468/texas-congressman-discusses-border-facilities-and-how-to-prevent-future-deaths\">told NPR’s \u003cem>All Things Considered\u003c/em>\u003c/a> he hopes CBP moves quickly on its latest plan to relieve overcrowding issues in Border Patrol stations and checkpoints in El Paso. Officials said they are “reviewing all options” to reduce the number of people in custody by partnering with local nongovernmental organizations to provide temporary housing.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“I hope that [CBP] will ask Congress for the medical resources and supplies and training and equipment and personnel that they need to properly treat the migrants who are arriving at the U.S. Mexico border,” Castro said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“It should be noted that the lack of training and equipment and staff also presents a danger to the personnel from CBP who work there,” he added.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Castro said that it is “remarkable” that Congress has not received an official count of the number of children who have died in CBP custody over the last year and called on the agency to release the information immediately.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Because the president has taken such a dehumanizing and criminalizing tone when it comes to asylum-seekers and migrants, I think it’s important to get an answer to that question,” he said. “And until we get an official count, I think with this administration anything’s possible.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>NPR’s Joel Rose contributed to this report. \u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\u003cdiv class=\"fullattribution\">Copyright 2018 NPR. To see more, visit https://www.npr.org.\u003cimg decoding=\"async\" src=\"https://www.google-analytics.com/__utm.gif?utmac=UA-5828686-4&utmdt=Department+Of+Homeland+Security+Promises+Changes+To+Protect+Migrant+Children&utme=8(APIKey)9(MDAxOTAwOTE4MDEyMTkxMDAzNjczZDljZA004)\">\u003c/div>\n\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>",
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"disqusTitle": "A Honduran Restaurant Hands Out Hot Comfort Food for the Migrant Caravan in Tijuana",
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"content": "\u003cp>When José Aguilar, a Honduran-born resident of Tijuana, Mexico, heard that a caravan of mostly Honduran migrants was headed to the border city, he knew he had to do something.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Seven years ago, Aguilar moved to Tijuana after bouncing between the United States, Mexico and Honduras for two decades. Once settled, he opened a restaurant called Honduras 504. People often call it just 504 or Catracho 504, using the informal demonym Hondurans call each other and their country code.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11713685\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 1920px\">\u003cimg class=\"wp-image-11713685 size-full\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2018/12/0_family_regular-life-2-_slide-aa58a1ba01b14078fa9671bc4a7c648b6b1fdc60-1-e1545259311401.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"1920\" height=\"1280\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2018/12/0_family_regular-life-2-_slide-aa58a1ba01b14078fa9671bc4a7c648b6b1fdc60-1-e1545259311401.jpg 1920w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2018/12/0_family_regular-life-2-_slide-aa58a1ba01b14078fa9671bc4a7c648b6b1fdc60-1-e1545259311401-160x107.jpg 160w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2018/12/0_family_regular-life-2-_slide-aa58a1ba01b14078fa9671bc4a7c648b6b1fdc60-1-e1545259311401-800x533.jpg 800w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2018/12/0_family_regular-life-2-_slide-aa58a1ba01b14078fa9671bc4a7c648b6b1fdc60-1-e1545259311401-1020x680.jpg 1020w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2018/12/0_family_regular-life-2-_slide-aa58a1ba01b14078fa9671bc4a7c648b6b1fdc60-1-e1545259311401-1200x800.jpg 1200w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 1920px) 100vw, 1920px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">When thousands of Hondurans and other Central Americans poured into Tijuana, Aguilar knew he had to do something. \"They're from the same streets and cities as us. They're family!\" he says. \"It wasn't up for discussion, it was simply a matter of going out there and getting these people fed with a taste of home.\" \u003ccite>(Tomás Ayuso for NPR)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Through the years, the restaurant has become the unofficial heart of the Honduran community in Tijuana. \"Local Hondurans come here to eat and drink; it's kind of like a little Honduras. Since there isn't a consulate, newly arrived migrants also come here asking for food and phone calls. Ever since we opened, we've always been there to help,\" Aguilar says.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>He manages the front while his wife, Lilian Mejía, runs the kitchen with her sister, Mitxy. In this cramped space the sisters cook up staples from northern Honduras: stewed chicken with plantains, \u003cem>yuca con chicharrón\u003c/em> (fried cassava and cubed pork) and the beloved \u003cem>baleada\u003c/em> (a flour tortilla stuffed with red beans, avocado, cream and salty cheese).\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11713681\" class=\"wp-caption alignright\" style=\"max-width: 640px\">\u003cimg class=\"wp-image-11713681 size-large\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2018/12/0_family_regular-life-16-_slide-ecf811f0730d36f9e45ce5caaba2f1a1545e7209-1-1020x680.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"640\" height=\"427\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Cristian Aguilar carries his half-brother Jaden's toy car into the restaurant Honduras 504, owned by his father, José Aguilar. Cooking up traditional food, it has served the Honduran diaspora community in Tijuana since 2015. \u003ccite>(Tomás Ayuso for NPR)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>When the caravan arrived in November, the migrants were sent to a shelter inside the Benito Juárez sports complex. The park and baseball diamond were turned into a refugee camp, a short walk from the restaurant.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>After thousands of Haitians had come to Tijuana in 2016, Aguilar and Mejía knew from experience that food was the most critical need during a sudden migration crisis.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The couple closed the restaurant and started cooking for the displaced Hondurans. Aguilar sourced the produce, Mejía folded tortilla dough and her sister stewed beans, ultimately assembling some 200 \u003cem>baleadas\u003c/em>. Along with José's eldest son, Cristian, they went to the shelter and handed them out. Within minutes the whole supply was gone.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11713682\" class=\"wp-caption alignleft\" style=\"max-width: 640px\">\u003cimg class=\"size-large wp-image-11713682\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2018/12/0_family_regular-life-3-_slide-b1fa0a50084cb38efb8d203afe260341faeaf3eb-1-1020x680.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"640\" height=\"427\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">A night at Honduras 504, where signs of Honduran culture are everywhere: National soccer matches and news play on TV, fast-paced punta music gets the expats dancing, and food from every region in the country is served from lunch to midnight to a packed house. \u003ccite>(Tomás Ayuso for NPR)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>The exhausted migrants smiled ear to ear, many of them eating Honduran cooking for the first time since they fled the country. Once the weary crowd found out it was Hondurans donating food, they erupted in cheers for the family and thanked them for bringing them a taste of home.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The joy that flashed over so many faces got Aguilar and Mejía thinking: They had to do it again, and they had to go bigger. Funded by friends in America wanting to help, the pair set out to feed 1,000 mouths a week. For the family to undertake this monumental task, they hired people from the caravan, upgraded their stove and set aside a whole workday to \"cook enough food to feed an army,\" Aguilar says.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11713687\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 1920px\">\u003cimg class=\"wp-image-11713687 size-full\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2018/12/composite_11_custom-7ab15cb40fefb1dc7feee8d9646925f28797379c-1-e1545259256893.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"1920\" height=\"1921\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Top: Mitxy Mejía washes up before hauling stew to the shelter. She was the last of her family to reach Tijuana after they all left the crisis-stricken Honduran city of San Pedro Sula. \"It's painful to see our paisanos forced from their homes, but I understand why they fled,\" she says. Left: José Aguilar with his son, Jaden. Right: Lilian Mejía, Aguilar's wife, on her way to the market. \u003ccite>(Tomás Ayuso for NPR)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Mejía believes a warm meal, cooked by Honduran hands, brings these folks back a sense of humanity that the long, difficult journey had taken from them. More than 2,700 miles from San Pedro Sula, Honduras, the caravan found family one step away from the U.S. And here, Aguilar sees his responsibility clearly: \"They're our brothers and sisters, and as long as they're here it's our duty to look after our own.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11713684\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 1920px\">\u003cimg class=\"size-full wp-image-11713684\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2018/12/3_family_serving-food-17-_slide-e8583a4eb941d97ab51ea2a1cdfc71563b6c441d-1-e1545259384669.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"1920\" height=\"1280\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2018/12/3_family_serving-food-17-_slide-e8583a4eb941d97ab51ea2a1cdfc71563b6c441d-1-e1545259384669.jpg 1920w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2018/12/3_family_serving-food-17-_slide-e8583a4eb941d97ab51ea2a1cdfc71563b6c441d-1-e1545259384669-160x107.jpg 160w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2018/12/3_family_serving-food-17-_slide-e8583a4eb941d97ab51ea2a1cdfc71563b6c441d-1-e1545259384669-800x533.jpg 800w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2018/12/3_family_serving-food-17-_slide-e8583a4eb941d97ab51ea2a1cdfc71563b6c441d-1-e1545259384669-1020x680.jpg 1020w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2018/12/3_family_serving-food-17-_slide-e8583a4eb941d97ab51ea2a1cdfc71563b6c441d-1-e1545259384669-1200x800.jpg 1200w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 1920px) 100vw, 1920px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">The Mejía sisters assemble servings of rice, beans, chicken stew and a stack of tortillas. With temperatures dipping to the low 50s, the warm meal is well-received. \u003ccite>(Tomás Ayuso for NPR)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11713683\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 1920px\">\u003cimg class=\"size-full wp-image-11713683\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2018/12/2_family_food-prep-8-_slide-d87ceace08e8304ee6362d6865031582e11b75c0-1-e1545259415837.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"1920\" height=\"1280\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Friends come help the restaurant load coolers filled with stew onto a truck. Customers, employees and the owners, all of whom are Honduran, volunteer their time to help feed the thousands of migrants. \u003ccite>(Tomás Ayuso for NPR)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cdiv class=\"fullattribution\">Copyright 2018 NPR. To see more, visit https://www.npr.org.\u003cimg src=\"https://www.google-analytics.com/__utm.gif?utmac=UA-5828686-4&utmdt=A+Honduran+Restaurant+Hands+Out+Hot+Comfort+Food+For+The+Migrant+Caravan+In+Tijuana&utme=8(APIKey)9(MDAxOTAwOTE4MDEyMTkxMDAzNjczZDljZA004)\">\u003c/div>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>When José Aguilar, a Honduran-born resident of Tijuana, Mexico, heard that a caravan of mostly Honduran migrants was headed to the border city, he knew he had to do something.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Seven years ago, Aguilar moved to Tijuana after bouncing between the United States, Mexico and Honduras for two decades. Once settled, he opened a restaurant called Honduras 504. People often call it just 504 or Catracho 504, using the informal demonym Hondurans call each other and their country code.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11713685\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 1920px\">\u003cimg class=\"wp-image-11713685 size-full\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2018/12/0_family_regular-life-2-_slide-aa58a1ba01b14078fa9671bc4a7c648b6b1fdc60-1-e1545259311401.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"1920\" height=\"1280\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2018/12/0_family_regular-life-2-_slide-aa58a1ba01b14078fa9671bc4a7c648b6b1fdc60-1-e1545259311401.jpg 1920w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2018/12/0_family_regular-life-2-_slide-aa58a1ba01b14078fa9671bc4a7c648b6b1fdc60-1-e1545259311401-160x107.jpg 160w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2018/12/0_family_regular-life-2-_slide-aa58a1ba01b14078fa9671bc4a7c648b6b1fdc60-1-e1545259311401-800x533.jpg 800w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2018/12/0_family_regular-life-2-_slide-aa58a1ba01b14078fa9671bc4a7c648b6b1fdc60-1-e1545259311401-1020x680.jpg 1020w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2018/12/0_family_regular-life-2-_slide-aa58a1ba01b14078fa9671bc4a7c648b6b1fdc60-1-e1545259311401-1200x800.jpg 1200w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 1920px) 100vw, 1920px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">When thousands of Hondurans and other Central Americans poured into Tijuana, Aguilar knew he had to do something. \"They're from the same streets and cities as us. They're family!\" he says. \"It wasn't up for discussion, it was simply a matter of going out there and getting these people fed with a taste of home.\" \u003ccite>(Tomás Ayuso for NPR)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Through the years, the restaurant has become the unofficial heart of the Honduran community in Tijuana. \"Local Hondurans come here to eat and drink; it's kind of like a little Honduras. Since there isn't a consulate, newly arrived migrants also come here asking for food and phone calls. Ever since we opened, we've always been there to help,\" Aguilar says.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>He manages the front while his wife, Lilian Mejía, runs the kitchen with her sister, Mitxy. In this cramped space the sisters cook up staples from northern Honduras: stewed chicken with plantains, \u003cem>yuca con chicharrón\u003c/em> (fried cassava and cubed pork) and the beloved \u003cem>baleada\u003c/em> (a flour tortilla stuffed with red beans, avocado, cream and salty cheese).\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11713681\" class=\"wp-caption alignright\" style=\"max-width: 640px\">\u003cimg class=\"wp-image-11713681 size-large\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2018/12/0_family_regular-life-16-_slide-ecf811f0730d36f9e45ce5caaba2f1a1545e7209-1-1020x680.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"640\" height=\"427\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Cristian Aguilar carries his half-brother Jaden's toy car into the restaurant Honduras 504, owned by his father, José Aguilar. Cooking up traditional food, it has served the Honduran diaspora community in Tijuana since 2015. \u003ccite>(Tomás Ayuso for NPR)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>When the caravan arrived in November, the migrants were sent to a shelter inside the Benito Juárez sports complex. The park and baseball diamond were turned into a refugee camp, a short walk from the restaurant.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>After thousands of Haitians had come to Tijuana in 2016, Aguilar and Mejía knew from experience that food was the most critical need during a sudden migration crisis.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The couple closed the restaurant and started cooking for the displaced Hondurans. Aguilar sourced the produce, Mejía folded tortilla dough and her sister stewed beans, ultimately assembling some 200 \u003cem>baleadas\u003c/em>. Along with José's eldest son, Cristian, they went to the shelter and handed them out. Within minutes the whole supply was gone.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11713682\" class=\"wp-caption alignleft\" style=\"max-width: 640px\">\u003cimg class=\"size-large wp-image-11713682\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2018/12/0_family_regular-life-3-_slide-b1fa0a50084cb38efb8d203afe260341faeaf3eb-1-1020x680.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"640\" height=\"427\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">A night at Honduras 504, where signs of Honduran culture are everywhere: National soccer matches and news play on TV, fast-paced punta music gets the expats dancing, and food from every region in the country is served from lunch to midnight to a packed house. \u003ccite>(Tomás Ayuso for NPR)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>The exhausted migrants smiled ear to ear, many of them eating Honduran cooking for the first time since they fled the country. Once the weary crowd found out it was Hondurans donating food, they erupted in cheers for the family and thanked them for bringing them a taste of home.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The joy that flashed over so many faces got Aguilar and Mejía thinking: They had to do it again, and they had to go bigger. Funded by friends in America wanting to help, the pair set out to feed 1,000 mouths a week. For the family to undertake this monumental task, they hired people from the caravan, upgraded their stove and set aside a whole workday to \"cook enough food to feed an army,\" Aguilar says.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11713687\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 1920px\">\u003cimg class=\"wp-image-11713687 size-full\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2018/12/composite_11_custom-7ab15cb40fefb1dc7feee8d9646925f28797379c-1-e1545259256893.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"1920\" height=\"1921\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Top: Mitxy Mejía washes up before hauling stew to the shelter. She was the last of her family to reach Tijuana after they all left the crisis-stricken Honduran city of San Pedro Sula. \"It's painful to see our paisanos forced from their homes, but I understand why they fled,\" she says. Left: José Aguilar with his son, Jaden. Right: Lilian Mejía, Aguilar's wife, on her way to the market. \u003ccite>(Tomás Ayuso for NPR)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Mejía believes a warm meal, cooked by Honduran hands, brings these folks back a sense of humanity that the long, difficult journey had taken from them. More than 2,700 miles from San Pedro Sula, Honduras, the caravan found family one step away from the U.S. And here, Aguilar sees his responsibility clearly: \"They're our brothers and sisters, and as long as they're here it's our duty to look after our own.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11713684\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 1920px\">\u003cimg class=\"size-full wp-image-11713684\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2018/12/3_family_serving-food-17-_slide-e8583a4eb941d97ab51ea2a1cdfc71563b6c441d-1-e1545259384669.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"1920\" height=\"1280\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2018/12/3_family_serving-food-17-_slide-e8583a4eb941d97ab51ea2a1cdfc71563b6c441d-1-e1545259384669.jpg 1920w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2018/12/3_family_serving-food-17-_slide-e8583a4eb941d97ab51ea2a1cdfc71563b6c441d-1-e1545259384669-160x107.jpg 160w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2018/12/3_family_serving-food-17-_slide-e8583a4eb941d97ab51ea2a1cdfc71563b6c441d-1-e1545259384669-800x533.jpg 800w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2018/12/3_family_serving-food-17-_slide-e8583a4eb941d97ab51ea2a1cdfc71563b6c441d-1-e1545259384669-1020x680.jpg 1020w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2018/12/3_family_serving-food-17-_slide-e8583a4eb941d97ab51ea2a1cdfc71563b6c441d-1-e1545259384669-1200x800.jpg 1200w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 1920px) 100vw, 1920px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">The Mejía sisters assemble servings of rice, beans, chicken stew and a stack of tortillas. With temperatures dipping to the low 50s, the warm meal is well-received. \u003ccite>(Tomás Ayuso for NPR)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11713683\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 1920px\">\u003cimg class=\"size-full wp-image-11713683\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2018/12/2_family_food-prep-8-_slide-d87ceace08e8304ee6362d6865031582e11b75c0-1-e1545259415837.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"1920\" height=\"1280\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Friends come help the restaurant load coolers filled with stew onto a truck. Customers, employees and the owners, all of whom are Honduran, volunteer their time to help feed the thousands of migrants. \u003ccite>(Tomás Ayuso for NPR)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cdiv class=\"fullattribution\">Copyright 2018 NPR. To see more, visit https://www.npr.org.\u003cimg src=\"https://www.google-analytics.com/__utm.gif?utmac=UA-5828686-4&utmdt=A+Honduran+Restaurant+Hands+Out+Hot+Comfort+Food+For+The+Migrant+Caravan+In+Tijuana&utme=8(APIKey)9(MDAxOTAwOTE4MDEyMTkxMDAzNjczZDljZA004)\">\u003c/div>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"disqusTitle": "Biker Bar in the Malibu Hills Serves as Bedrock for a Fire-Ravaged Community",
"title": "Biker Bar in the Malibu Hills Serves as Bedrock for a Fire-Ravaged Community",
"headTitle": "The California Report | KQED News",
"content": "\u003cp>Before the Woolsey Fire raged near Malibu in November, hundreds of bikers gathered each weekend at the \u003ca href=\"http://rock-store.com/about/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Rock Store\u003c/a> for pancakes or a cup of coffee before riding through the Santa Monica Mountains on the twisty road called \"The Snake.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>After the fire swept through the area, not much was left standing – except, somewhat miraculously, the popular biker bar.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"http://fire.ca.gov/current_incidents/incidentdetails/Index/2281\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">The Woolsey Fire\u003c/a> was one of the largest fires in Los Angeles County history. It burned for two weeks, destroying 15,000 structures and decimating almost 100,000 acres. Three people died.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Now, more than a month after it swept through the area, the air still smells like ash. The surrounding hills are an eerie blackened moonscape. Burnt rubble and twisted metal are all that's left of whole neighborhoods nearby.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Amid this destruction, the Rock Store became a makeshift community center — even without power or a working telephone. Dozens of people rolled through to check in, including actor Keanu Reeves.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11713692\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 700px\">\u003cimg class=\"size-full wp-image-11713692\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2018/12/lizkuball-181207-0049-highres_custom-46a3e94a1a1cc566c9bb739ed9368549d6c18e36-s700-c85.jpg\" alt=\"Built from volcanic rock, the Rock Store building was formerly a stagecoach stop in the 1910s. At first, Ed and Vern Savko opened it as a small town grocery store.\" width=\"700\" height=\"466\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2018/12/lizkuball-181207-0049-highres_custom-46a3e94a1a1cc566c9bb739ed9368549d6c18e36-s700-c85.jpg 700w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2018/12/lizkuball-181207-0049-highres_custom-46a3e94a1a1cc566c9bb739ed9368549d6c18e36-s700-c85-160x107.jpg 160w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 700px) 100vw, 700px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Built from volcanic rock, the Rock Store building was formerly a stagecoach stop in the 1910s. At first, Ed and Vern Savko opened it as a small-town grocery store. \u003ccite>(Liz Kuball for NPR)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11713693\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 700px\">\u003cimg class=\"size-full wp-image-11713693\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2018/12/lizkuball-181207-0070-highres_custom-e61e86399ed63e6083cdc981d53a9109d3efd35c-s700-c85.jpg\" alt=\"Rich Savko and his mother, Vern, at the Rock Store.\" width=\"700\" height=\"466\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2018/12/lizkuball-181207-0070-highres_custom-e61e86399ed63e6083cdc981d53a9109d3efd35c-s700-c85.jpg 700w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2018/12/lizkuball-181207-0070-highres_custom-e61e86399ed63e6083cdc981d53a9109d3efd35c-s700-c85-160x107.jpg 160w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2018/12/lizkuball-181207-0070-highres_custom-e61e86399ed63e6083cdc981d53a9109d3efd35c-s700-c85-240x160.jpg 240w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2018/12/lizkuball-181207-0070-highres_custom-e61e86399ed63e6083cdc981d53a9109d3efd35c-s700-c85-375x250.jpg 375w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2018/12/lizkuball-181207-0070-highres_custom-e61e86399ed63e6083cdc981d53a9109d3efd35c-s700-c85-520x346.jpg 520w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 700px) 100vw, 700px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Rich Savko and his mother, Vern, at the Rock Store. \u003ccite>(Liz Kuball for NPR)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Vern Savko and her husband, Ed, bought the Rock Store in 1961 and ran it together until Ed died in 2012. Vern is 90 now, and their son, Rich, runs the place.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Rich Savko set up barbecue pits to cook off all the food they had left and shared it with anyone still in the area. They used a generator to boil water to make coffee that they handed out. The American Red Cross set up shop in the parking lot. Rich hasn't let anyone pay for any of it.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11713694\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 800px\">\u003cimg class=\"size-medium wp-image-11713694\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2018/12/lizkuballbarmalibu_custom-0fdc9187433d162a60af9ebe7aa07b91914088d8-s1300-c85-800x599.jpg\" alt=\"Left: A mailbox across the street from the Rock Store. Right: Gary Jones' multi-acre property above the Rock Store once had five structures. Now all that's left is a towering chimney where the main house once stood, shells of burnt vehicles, and a trailer (bottom right) that managed to survive the flames where Jones is now living.\" width=\"800\" height=\"599\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2018/12/lizkuballbarmalibu_custom-0fdc9187433d162a60af9ebe7aa07b91914088d8-s1300-c85-800x599.jpg 800w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2018/12/lizkuballbarmalibu_custom-0fdc9187433d162a60af9ebe7aa07b91914088d8-s1300-c85-160x120.jpg 160w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2018/12/lizkuballbarmalibu_custom-0fdc9187433d162a60af9ebe7aa07b91914088d8-s1300-c85-1020x763.jpg 1020w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2018/12/lizkuballbarmalibu_custom-0fdc9187433d162a60af9ebe7aa07b91914088d8-s1300-c85-1200x898.jpg 1200w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2018/12/lizkuballbarmalibu_custom-0fdc9187433d162a60af9ebe7aa07b91914088d8-s1300-c85.jpg 1300w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Left: A mailbox across the street from the Rock Store. Right: Gary Jones' multi-acre property above the Rock Store once had five structures. Now all that's left is a towering chimney where the main house once stood, shells of burnt vehicles, and a trailer (bottom right) that managed to survive the flames where Jones is now living. \u003ccite>(Liz Kuball for NPR)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>\"It seemed really tough around Thanksgiving,\" Savko remembers, sitting outside on the patio. Tears well up in his eyes. \"People obviously lost all their homes and things like that, but they sat out here and had Thanksgiving dinner. The guy across the street cooked a huge turkey. People didn't know where they were going to go or what they were going to do, but fortunately we were able to light some battery-powered lanterns and celebrate.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>On a recent day, even though the bar is officially closed, a group of firefighters gather in the parking lot.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11713696\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 700px\">\u003cimg class=\"size-full wp-image-11713696\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2018/12/lizkuball-181207-0072-highres_custom-b507fe2b8e1ea1e02f91caec2d6a13aebd98ab6f-s700-c85.jpg\" alt=\"Los Angeles County firefighters, from left: Brian Knutson, Jay Colvin, Adam Young and Marcus Carballo. Knutson lives in the community and says this is the worst fire any of them can ever remember. "It's always hard to talk to someone that's lost their house," he says. "I wish we could have done more for them."\" width=\"700\" height=\"466\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2018/12/lizkuball-181207-0072-highres_custom-b507fe2b8e1ea1e02f91caec2d6a13aebd98ab6f-s700-c85.jpg 700w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2018/12/lizkuball-181207-0072-highres_custom-b507fe2b8e1ea1e02f91caec2d6a13aebd98ab6f-s700-c85-160x107.jpg 160w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 700px) 100vw, 700px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Los Angeles County firefighters, from left: Brian Knutson, Jay Colvin, Adam Young and Marcus Carballo. Knutson lives in the community and says this is the worst fire any of them can ever remember. \"It's always hard to talk to someone that's lost their house,\" he says. \"I wish we could have done more for them.\" \u003ccite>(Liz Kuball for NPR)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>One of the people who lost everything is 76-year-old Gary Jones. He's lived on the ridge above the Rock Store for decades.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Jones ignored the initial evacuation orders, and by the time he tried to leave, the fire had surrounded his house. He got trapped behind a big metal gate at his property line.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"I called my wife and said goodbye and asked her to pray for me,\" he says.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11713697\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 700px\">\u003cimg class=\"size-full wp-image-11713697\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2018/12/lizkuball-181207-0176-highres_custom-6d166eca2734513d257cf0a7131bf9320c29c872-s700-c85.jpg\" alt=\"Holding a cigar, Gary Jones sits where his house once stood, in a wooden porch chair that somehow wasn't destroyed. Jones lost three of his five dogs in the flames and came back the next day to bury them. His horse was found alive up the hill and is recovering from burns.\" width=\"700\" height=\"466\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2018/12/lizkuball-181207-0176-highres_custom-6d166eca2734513d257cf0a7131bf9320c29c872-s700-c85.jpg 700w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2018/12/lizkuball-181207-0176-highres_custom-6d166eca2734513d257cf0a7131bf9320c29c872-s700-c85-160x107.jpg 160w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 700px) 100vw, 700px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Holding a cigar, Gary Jones sits where his house once stood, in a wooden porch chair that somehow wasn't destroyed. Jones lost three of his five dogs in the flames and came back the next day to bury them. His horse was found alive up the hill and is recovering from burns. \u003ccite>(Liz Kuball for NPR)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11713698\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 700px\">\u003cimg class=\"size-full wp-image-11713698\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2018/12/lizkuball-181207-0218-highres_custom-9661aa12b0d00ffbbcf7f983a48cb94d22a0f04a-s700-c85.jpg\" alt=\"Coins melted together on Jones' property. He had a pot of coins for his grandchildren to pull from when they visited.\" width=\"700\" height=\"466\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2018/12/lizkuball-181207-0218-highres_custom-9661aa12b0d00ffbbcf7f983a48cb94d22a0f04a-s700-c85.jpg 700w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2018/12/lizkuball-181207-0218-highres_custom-9661aa12b0d00ffbbcf7f983a48cb94d22a0f04a-s700-c85-160x107.jpg 160w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2018/12/lizkuball-181207-0218-highres_custom-9661aa12b0d00ffbbcf7f983a48cb94d22a0f04a-s700-c85-240x160.jpg 240w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2018/12/lizkuball-181207-0218-highres_custom-9661aa12b0d00ffbbcf7f983a48cb94d22a0f04a-s700-c85-375x250.jpg 375w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2018/12/lizkuball-181207-0218-highres_custom-9661aa12b0d00ffbbcf7f983a48cb94d22a0f04a-s700-c85-520x346.jpg 520w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 700px) 100vw, 700px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Coins melted together on Jones' property. He had a pot of coins for his grandchildren to pull from when they visited. \u003ccite>(Liz Kuball for NPR)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11713699\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 700px\">\u003cimg class=\"size-full wp-image-11713699\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2018/12/lizkuball-181207-0164-highres_custom-9f487f0248bb35328a8dae9f98e0f29d2bf1783d-s700-c85.jpg\" alt=\"A few of the burned-out vehicles on Jones' property. The truck he used to escape during the fire is heavily blistered by fire, but still intact.\" width=\"700\" height=\"466\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2018/12/lizkuball-181207-0164-highres_custom-9f487f0248bb35328a8dae9f98e0f29d2bf1783d-s700-c85.jpg 700w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2018/12/lizkuball-181207-0164-highres_custom-9f487f0248bb35328a8dae9f98e0f29d2bf1783d-s700-c85-160x107.jpg 160w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 700px) 100vw, 700px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">A few of the burned-out vehicles on Jones' property. The truck he used to escape during the fire is heavily blistered by fire, but still intact. \u003ccite>(Liz Kuball for NPR)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>After about 10 minutes, he managed to force the gate open and drive through the black smoke down the hill to safety. When he returned a few days later, the house was gone. He had to leave in such a hurry that he lost three of his five dogs.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Today, a tall brick chimney looms over a stretch of blackened stone where he used to live. A bathtub is about the only recognizable object in the rubble. A shell of a car sits in a melted garage.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"We've been doing some sifting,\" Jones says, pointing to piles of ash. \"I found my wife's wedding ring. Turns out rubies don't melt!\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>There's not much Jones can do these days. He's waiting for a hazardous materials team to come inspect the mess and authorize him to take everything to the dump. He says he's actually excited.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11713700\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 800px\">\u003cimg class=\"size-medium wp-image-11713700\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2018/12/lizkuball-rock-storebar_custom-b8e4177c050128b49dab7a4db5b7fe39019e5acc-s1300-c85-800x599.jpg\" alt=\"Left: On Linda Rappoport's property, the glass liquefied and flowed like a river, before solidifying again. Right: Rappoport lives behind the Rock Store. The house she had just finished remodeling two days before the fire burned to the ground. Another smaller front house was left standing. She was sleeping when the evacuation orders were announced and awoke to the fire surrounding her property.\" width=\"800\" height=\"599\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2018/12/lizkuball-rock-storebar_custom-b8e4177c050128b49dab7a4db5b7fe39019e5acc-s1300-c85-800x599.jpg 800w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2018/12/lizkuball-rock-storebar_custom-b8e4177c050128b49dab7a4db5b7fe39019e5acc-s1300-c85-160x120.jpg 160w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2018/12/lizkuball-rock-storebar_custom-b8e4177c050128b49dab7a4db5b7fe39019e5acc-s1300-c85-1020x763.jpg 1020w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2018/12/lizkuball-rock-storebar_custom-b8e4177c050128b49dab7a4db5b7fe39019e5acc-s1300-c85-1200x898.jpg 1200w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2018/12/lizkuball-rock-storebar_custom-b8e4177c050128b49dab7a4db5b7fe39019e5acc-s1300-c85.jpg 1300w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Left: On Linda Rappoport's property, the glass liquefied and flowed like a river, before solidifying again. Right: Rappoport lives behind the Rock Store. The house she had just finished remodeling two days before the fire burned to the ground. Another smaller front house was left standing. She was sleeping when the evacuation orders were announced and awoke to the fire surrounding her property. \u003ccite>(Liz Kuball for NPR)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>\"This is a blessing in disguise,\" he says. He had storage containers on the property, containers \"full of decisions that haven't been made yet.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"And when you finally clear out the storage container it has a feeling of cleansing. That's kind of what I feel like. All the problems I had were gone,\" he says. \"I've got some new ones now. But you know, everyone talks about turning the pages of a book and it's true — I'm turning the pages of a book, but the book is getting more interesting.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>These days, the signs of progress are small. Residents are combing through property, hoping to find mementos that survived the inferno. Roads are opening and power is being restored. Shoots of grass are starting to poke out of the ashy soil.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>And last weekend, the Rock Store officially opened for business for the first time since the fire.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The smells of frying bacon, pancakes and coffee cover up the scent of ash in the air. Vern Savko, who bought the place more than 50 years ago, sits in a booth drinking tea, looking around at her grateful customers.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad floatright]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"It's so great to see everybody, you know? They were worried about us, so it's great. I cry every time I start ...\" She trails off and her eyes fill with tears as she scans the blackened hills around the store. \"But we're here.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cdiv class=\"fullattribution\">Copyright 2018 NPR. To see more, visit https://www.npr.org.\u003cimg src=\"https://www.google-analytics.com/__utm.gif?utmac=UA-5828686-4&utmdt=Biker+Bar+In+The+Malibu+Hills+Serves+As+Bedrock+For+A+Fire-Ravaged+Community&utme=8(APIKey)9(MDAxOTAwOTE4MDEyMTkxMDAzNjczZDljZA004)\">\u003c/div>\n\n",
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"excerpt": "The Rock Store, run by the Savko family for more than 50 years, is one of the few structures still standing after last month's Woolsey Fire. There, amid the destruction, locals found help and hope.",
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"description": "The Rock Store, run by the Savko family for more than 50 years, is one of the few structures still standing after last month's Woolsey Fire. There, amid the destruction, locals found help and hope.",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>Before the Woolsey Fire raged near Malibu in November, hundreds of bikers gathered each weekend at the \u003ca href=\"http://rock-store.com/about/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Rock Store\u003c/a> for pancakes or a cup of coffee before riding through the Santa Monica Mountains on the twisty road called \"The Snake.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>After the fire swept through the area, not much was left standing – except, somewhat miraculously, the popular biker bar.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"http://fire.ca.gov/current_incidents/incidentdetails/Index/2281\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">The Woolsey Fire\u003c/a> was one of the largest fires in Los Angeles County history. It burned for two weeks, destroying 15,000 structures and decimating almost 100,000 acres. Three people died.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Now, more than a month after it swept through the area, the air still smells like ash. The surrounding hills are an eerie blackened moonscape. Burnt rubble and twisted metal are all that's left of whole neighborhoods nearby.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Amid this destruction, the Rock Store became a makeshift community center — even without power or a working telephone. Dozens of people rolled through to check in, including actor Keanu Reeves.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11713692\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 700px\">\u003cimg class=\"size-full wp-image-11713692\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2018/12/lizkuball-181207-0049-highres_custom-46a3e94a1a1cc566c9bb739ed9368549d6c18e36-s700-c85.jpg\" alt=\"Built from volcanic rock, the Rock Store building was formerly a stagecoach stop in the 1910s. At first, Ed and Vern Savko opened it as a small town grocery store.\" width=\"700\" height=\"466\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2018/12/lizkuball-181207-0049-highres_custom-46a3e94a1a1cc566c9bb739ed9368549d6c18e36-s700-c85.jpg 700w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2018/12/lizkuball-181207-0049-highres_custom-46a3e94a1a1cc566c9bb739ed9368549d6c18e36-s700-c85-160x107.jpg 160w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 700px) 100vw, 700px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Built from volcanic rock, the Rock Store building was formerly a stagecoach stop in the 1910s. At first, Ed and Vern Savko opened it as a small-town grocery store. \u003ccite>(Liz Kuball for NPR)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11713693\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 700px\">\u003cimg class=\"size-full wp-image-11713693\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2018/12/lizkuball-181207-0070-highres_custom-e61e86399ed63e6083cdc981d53a9109d3efd35c-s700-c85.jpg\" alt=\"Rich Savko and his mother, Vern, at the Rock Store.\" width=\"700\" height=\"466\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2018/12/lizkuball-181207-0070-highres_custom-e61e86399ed63e6083cdc981d53a9109d3efd35c-s700-c85.jpg 700w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2018/12/lizkuball-181207-0070-highres_custom-e61e86399ed63e6083cdc981d53a9109d3efd35c-s700-c85-160x107.jpg 160w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2018/12/lizkuball-181207-0070-highres_custom-e61e86399ed63e6083cdc981d53a9109d3efd35c-s700-c85-240x160.jpg 240w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2018/12/lizkuball-181207-0070-highres_custom-e61e86399ed63e6083cdc981d53a9109d3efd35c-s700-c85-375x250.jpg 375w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2018/12/lizkuball-181207-0070-highres_custom-e61e86399ed63e6083cdc981d53a9109d3efd35c-s700-c85-520x346.jpg 520w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 700px) 100vw, 700px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Rich Savko and his mother, Vern, at the Rock Store. \u003ccite>(Liz Kuball for NPR)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Vern Savko and her husband, Ed, bought the Rock Store in 1961 and ran it together until Ed died in 2012. Vern is 90 now, and their son, Rich, runs the place.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Rich Savko set up barbecue pits to cook off all the food they had left and shared it with anyone still in the area. They used a generator to boil water to make coffee that they handed out. The American Red Cross set up shop in the parking lot. Rich hasn't let anyone pay for any of it.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11713694\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 800px\">\u003cimg class=\"size-medium wp-image-11713694\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2018/12/lizkuballbarmalibu_custom-0fdc9187433d162a60af9ebe7aa07b91914088d8-s1300-c85-800x599.jpg\" alt=\"Left: A mailbox across the street from the Rock Store. Right: Gary Jones' multi-acre property above the Rock Store once had five structures. Now all that's left is a towering chimney where the main house once stood, shells of burnt vehicles, and a trailer (bottom right) that managed to survive the flames where Jones is now living.\" width=\"800\" height=\"599\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2018/12/lizkuballbarmalibu_custom-0fdc9187433d162a60af9ebe7aa07b91914088d8-s1300-c85-800x599.jpg 800w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2018/12/lizkuballbarmalibu_custom-0fdc9187433d162a60af9ebe7aa07b91914088d8-s1300-c85-160x120.jpg 160w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2018/12/lizkuballbarmalibu_custom-0fdc9187433d162a60af9ebe7aa07b91914088d8-s1300-c85-1020x763.jpg 1020w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2018/12/lizkuballbarmalibu_custom-0fdc9187433d162a60af9ebe7aa07b91914088d8-s1300-c85-1200x898.jpg 1200w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2018/12/lizkuballbarmalibu_custom-0fdc9187433d162a60af9ebe7aa07b91914088d8-s1300-c85.jpg 1300w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Left: A mailbox across the street from the Rock Store. Right: Gary Jones' multi-acre property above the Rock Store once had five structures. Now all that's left is a towering chimney where the main house once stood, shells of burnt vehicles, and a trailer (bottom right) that managed to survive the flames where Jones is now living. \u003ccite>(Liz Kuball for NPR)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>\"It seemed really tough around Thanksgiving,\" Savko remembers, sitting outside on the patio. Tears well up in his eyes. \"People obviously lost all their homes and things like that, but they sat out here and had Thanksgiving dinner. The guy across the street cooked a huge turkey. People didn't know where they were going to go or what they were going to do, but fortunately we were able to light some battery-powered lanterns and celebrate.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>On a recent day, even though the bar is officially closed, a group of firefighters gather in the parking lot.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11713696\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 700px\">\u003cimg class=\"size-full wp-image-11713696\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2018/12/lizkuball-181207-0072-highres_custom-b507fe2b8e1ea1e02f91caec2d6a13aebd98ab6f-s700-c85.jpg\" alt=\"Los Angeles County firefighters, from left: Brian Knutson, Jay Colvin, Adam Young and Marcus Carballo. Knutson lives in the community and says this is the worst fire any of them can ever remember. "It's always hard to talk to someone that's lost their house," he says. "I wish we could have done more for them."\" width=\"700\" height=\"466\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2018/12/lizkuball-181207-0072-highres_custom-b507fe2b8e1ea1e02f91caec2d6a13aebd98ab6f-s700-c85.jpg 700w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2018/12/lizkuball-181207-0072-highres_custom-b507fe2b8e1ea1e02f91caec2d6a13aebd98ab6f-s700-c85-160x107.jpg 160w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 700px) 100vw, 700px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Los Angeles County firefighters, from left: Brian Knutson, Jay Colvin, Adam Young and Marcus Carballo. Knutson lives in the community and says this is the worst fire any of them can ever remember. \"It's always hard to talk to someone that's lost their house,\" he says. \"I wish we could have done more for them.\" \u003ccite>(Liz Kuball for NPR)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>One of the people who lost everything is 76-year-old Gary Jones. He's lived on the ridge above the Rock Store for decades.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Jones ignored the initial evacuation orders, and by the time he tried to leave, the fire had surrounded his house. He got trapped behind a big metal gate at his property line.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"I called my wife and said goodbye and asked her to pray for me,\" he says.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11713697\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 700px\">\u003cimg class=\"size-full wp-image-11713697\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2018/12/lizkuball-181207-0176-highres_custom-6d166eca2734513d257cf0a7131bf9320c29c872-s700-c85.jpg\" alt=\"Holding a cigar, Gary Jones sits where his house once stood, in a wooden porch chair that somehow wasn't destroyed. Jones lost three of his five dogs in the flames and came back the next day to bury them. His horse was found alive up the hill and is recovering from burns.\" width=\"700\" height=\"466\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2018/12/lizkuball-181207-0176-highres_custom-6d166eca2734513d257cf0a7131bf9320c29c872-s700-c85.jpg 700w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2018/12/lizkuball-181207-0176-highres_custom-6d166eca2734513d257cf0a7131bf9320c29c872-s700-c85-160x107.jpg 160w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 700px) 100vw, 700px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Holding a cigar, Gary Jones sits where his house once stood, in a wooden porch chair that somehow wasn't destroyed. Jones lost three of his five dogs in the flames and came back the next day to bury them. His horse was found alive up the hill and is recovering from burns. \u003ccite>(Liz Kuball for NPR)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11713698\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 700px\">\u003cimg class=\"size-full wp-image-11713698\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2018/12/lizkuball-181207-0218-highres_custom-9661aa12b0d00ffbbcf7f983a48cb94d22a0f04a-s700-c85.jpg\" alt=\"Coins melted together on Jones' property. He had a pot of coins for his grandchildren to pull from when they visited.\" width=\"700\" height=\"466\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2018/12/lizkuball-181207-0218-highres_custom-9661aa12b0d00ffbbcf7f983a48cb94d22a0f04a-s700-c85.jpg 700w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2018/12/lizkuball-181207-0218-highres_custom-9661aa12b0d00ffbbcf7f983a48cb94d22a0f04a-s700-c85-160x107.jpg 160w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2018/12/lizkuball-181207-0218-highres_custom-9661aa12b0d00ffbbcf7f983a48cb94d22a0f04a-s700-c85-240x160.jpg 240w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2018/12/lizkuball-181207-0218-highres_custom-9661aa12b0d00ffbbcf7f983a48cb94d22a0f04a-s700-c85-375x250.jpg 375w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2018/12/lizkuball-181207-0218-highres_custom-9661aa12b0d00ffbbcf7f983a48cb94d22a0f04a-s700-c85-520x346.jpg 520w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 700px) 100vw, 700px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Coins melted together on Jones' property. He had a pot of coins for his grandchildren to pull from when they visited. \u003ccite>(Liz Kuball for NPR)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11713699\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 700px\">\u003cimg class=\"size-full wp-image-11713699\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2018/12/lizkuball-181207-0164-highres_custom-9f487f0248bb35328a8dae9f98e0f29d2bf1783d-s700-c85.jpg\" alt=\"A few of the burned-out vehicles on Jones' property. The truck he used to escape during the fire is heavily blistered by fire, but still intact.\" width=\"700\" height=\"466\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2018/12/lizkuball-181207-0164-highres_custom-9f487f0248bb35328a8dae9f98e0f29d2bf1783d-s700-c85.jpg 700w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2018/12/lizkuball-181207-0164-highres_custom-9f487f0248bb35328a8dae9f98e0f29d2bf1783d-s700-c85-160x107.jpg 160w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 700px) 100vw, 700px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">A few of the burned-out vehicles on Jones' property. The truck he used to escape during the fire is heavily blistered by fire, but still intact. \u003ccite>(Liz Kuball for NPR)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>After about 10 minutes, he managed to force the gate open and drive through the black smoke down the hill to safety. When he returned a few days later, the house was gone. He had to leave in such a hurry that he lost three of his five dogs.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Today, a tall brick chimney looms over a stretch of blackened stone where he used to live. A bathtub is about the only recognizable object in the rubble. A shell of a car sits in a melted garage.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"We've been doing some sifting,\" Jones says, pointing to piles of ash. \"I found my wife's wedding ring. Turns out rubies don't melt!\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>There's not much Jones can do these days. He's waiting for a hazardous materials team to come inspect the mess and authorize him to take everything to the dump. He says he's actually excited.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11713700\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 800px\">\u003cimg class=\"size-medium wp-image-11713700\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2018/12/lizkuball-rock-storebar_custom-b8e4177c050128b49dab7a4db5b7fe39019e5acc-s1300-c85-800x599.jpg\" alt=\"Left: On Linda Rappoport's property, the glass liquefied and flowed like a river, before solidifying again. Right: Rappoport lives behind the Rock Store. The house she had just finished remodeling two days before the fire burned to the ground. Another smaller front house was left standing. She was sleeping when the evacuation orders were announced and awoke to the fire surrounding her property.\" width=\"800\" height=\"599\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2018/12/lizkuball-rock-storebar_custom-b8e4177c050128b49dab7a4db5b7fe39019e5acc-s1300-c85-800x599.jpg 800w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2018/12/lizkuball-rock-storebar_custom-b8e4177c050128b49dab7a4db5b7fe39019e5acc-s1300-c85-160x120.jpg 160w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2018/12/lizkuball-rock-storebar_custom-b8e4177c050128b49dab7a4db5b7fe39019e5acc-s1300-c85-1020x763.jpg 1020w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2018/12/lizkuball-rock-storebar_custom-b8e4177c050128b49dab7a4db5b7fe39019e5acc-s1300-c85-1200x898.jpg 1200w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2018/12/lizkuball-rock-storebar_custom-b8e4177c050128b49dab7a4db5b7fe39019e5acc-s1300-c85.jpg 1300w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Left: On Linda Rappoport's property, the glass liquefied and flowed like a river, before solidifying again. Right: Rappoport lives behind the Rock Store. The house she had just finished remodeling two days before the fire burned to the ground. Another smaller front house was left standing. She was sleeping when the evacuation orders were announced and awoke to the fire surrounding her property. \u003ccite>(Liz Kuball for NPR)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>\"This is a blessing in disguise,\" he says. He had storage containers on the property, containers \"full of decisions that haven't been made yet.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"And when you finally clear out the storage container it has a feeling of cleansing. That's kind of what I feel like. All the problems I had were gone,\" he says. \"I've got some new ones now. But you know, everyone talks about turning the pages of a book and it's true — I'm turning the pages of a book, but the book is getting more interesting.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>These days, the signs of progress are small. Residents are combing through property, hoping to find mementos that survived the inferno. Roads are opening and power is being restored. Shoots of grass are starting to poke out of the ashy soil.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>And last weekend, the Rock Store officially opened for business for the first time since the fire.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The smells of frying bacon, pancakes and coffee cover up the scent of ash in the air. Vern Savko, who bought the place more than 50 years ago, sits in a booth drinking tea, looking around at her grateful customers.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"It's so great to see everybody, you know? They were worried about us, so it's great. I cry every time I start ...\" She trails off and her eyes fill with tears as she scans the blackened hills around the store. \"But we're here.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cdiv class=\"fullattribution\">Copyright 2018 NPR. To see more, visit https://www.npr.org.\u003cimg src=\"https://www.google-analytics.com/__utm.gif?utmac=UA-5828686-4&utmdt=Biker+Bar+In+The+Malibu+Hills+Serves+As+Bedrock+For+A+Fire-Ravaged+Community&utme=8(APIKey)9(MDAxOTAwOTE4MDEyMTkxMDAzNjczZDljZA004)\">\u003c/div>\n\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>",
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"title": "Scientists Are Fighting for the Stricken Pickle Against This Tricky Disease",
"headTitle": "Scientists Are Fighting for the Stricken Pickle Against This Tricky Disease | KQED",
"content": "\u003cp>The pickle is in peril. Each summer since the mid 2000s, Florida winds carry downy mildew to cucumber fields north. By summer’s end, the disease reaches Michigan, leaving a trail of withered leaves and thwarted pickling plans.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>With failed harvests, fewer growers are taking a chance on cucumbers. According to \u003ca href=\"https://quickstats.nass.usda.gov/results/62F44E3C-4E4E-3614-99D5-78C998447ADB?pivot=short_desc\">USDA records\u003c/a>, pickling cucumber acreage declined nearly 25 percent between 2004 and 2015. Globally, downy mildew threatens fields as far flung as India, Israel, Mexico and China.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“This is the number one threat to the pickle industry,” says vegetable pathologist \u003ca href=\"https://www.ces.ncsu.edu/profile/lina-quesada-ocampo/\">Lina Quesada-Ocampo\u003c/a> of North Carolina State University. The growers, she says, lose money on failed crops and pricey fungicides. “It is a really bad double whammy.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Fortunately for pickle lovers, vegetable breeder \u003ca href=\"https://hort.cals.cornell.edu/people/michael-mazourek/\">Michael Mazourek\u003c/a> of Cornell University is close to releasing varieties that resist downy mildew. “It’s been one of our proudest David and Goliath stories,” he says. But his success hinges on funding at a time when public support of agricultural research is declining.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The story of saving the pickle, then, is not just about preserving the deli sandwich’s sidekick. It’s a story of how much we value our food supply. And who we think should pay to protect it.\u003c/p>\n\u003ch3>\u003cstrong>Trying to hit a moving target \u003c/strong>\u003c/h3>\n\u003cp>Cucurbit downy mildew, caused by the fungal pathogen \u003cem>Pseudoperonospora cubensis\u003c/em>, was once a minor nuisance. Starting in the 1960s, a Clemson University plant breeder, Carroll Barnes, produced a series of cucumber cultivars containing a strong resistance gene known as dm-1. For more than four decades, this gene helped keep the disease in check.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But in 2004, the pathogen overwhelmed the defense. In North Carolina, pickling cucumber growers were a third of the way through harvesting when downy mildew arrived. Within about a week, the crop “almost melted,” says Thomas Joyner, president of Nash Produce. “It burned the leaves and there was almost nothing left.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>That year, downy mildew struck cucumbers from Florida to New Jersey. The following year, it reached Michigan, the number one pickling cucumber state. And it has spread from Florida every summer since.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“I have never seen something that moves this fast and is this devastating,” says Quesada-Ocampo. “You see a lot of brown, dead leaves on the ground, and cucumbers … almost becoming bleached white because of the sun scalding.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Growers turned to fungicide, but downy mildew quickly adapts faster than the industry can release new ones. “Some that were very effective just a few years ago are absolutely ineffective now,” says Phil Denlinger, vice president of agricultural procurement for Mt. Olive Pickle Company. “It is a serious situation.”\u003c/p>\n\u003ch3>\u003cstrong>Breeding in resistance \u003c/strong>\u003c/h3>\n\u003cp>“Every year we wonder, will our tools hold up?” says plant pathologist \u003ca href=\"https://www.canr.msu.edu/people/mary_hausbeck\">Mary Hausbeck\u003c/a> of Michigan State University. As extension specialists for each of their states, Hausbeck and Quesada-Ocampo test fungicides and advise growers on methods that remain effective.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In 2014, Hausbeck was becoming increasingly concerned about running out of means for growers when she approached Cornell’s Mazourek with a personal plea for help. As she saw it, the industry was at terrible risk and, having grown up in Michigan pickle country, she hated to see it collapse. She recalls Mazourek listening politely and then saying, “You know, we might be able to do something.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Mazourek had already developed a downy mildew resistant slicing cucumber, the kind we eat fresh on a salad, by crossing two cultivars with moderate levels of resistance and then selecting the most hardy offspring over multiple generations.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But a pickling cucumber is a different cuke altogether. Unlike the much smoother slicers, pickling cucumbers have enough bumps on the skin for brine to pass through, and seed cavities that don’t disintegrate during that process. And those destined to become pickle spears must fit neatly in jars.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Accepting the challenge, he crossed his slicing cucumber with pickling cucumbers already on the market and selected the most disease resistant and pickle-like offspring. He tested plants in Florida, New York and Michigan to select for cucumbers that could resist downy mildew across the planting range.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In 2017, Hausbeck invited a few pickling cucumber growers and processors to meet Mazourek and assess his progress. Downy mildew had already swept through the MSU experimental farm, but the leaves of Mazourek’s plants were mostly green. “The growers were just about ready to hoist him on their shoulders and carry him through downtown East Lansing,” says Hausbeck.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But they also told him that many of his cucumbers weren’t quite pickling ready. Some, for example, had pockets between the seed cavity and flesh that could cause the center to fall out of a sliced pickle. Others were simply too short to make enough crosswise slices to top hamburgers.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Mazourek took cuttings of the plants the pickle experts liked best. He then crossed some and self-pollinated others to make the next generation of new and, hopefully, improved pickling cucumbers.\u003c/p>\n\u003ch3>\u003cstrong>A growing threat \u003c/strong>\u003c/h3>\n\u003cp>If downy mildew prevails, the pickling cucumber wouldn’t be the first crop lost from a region. A century ago, a related downy mildew helped drive commercial hops from the Northeast to the Pacific Northwest. In the second half of the 19\u003csup>th\u003c/sup> century, coffee leaf rust wiped out the plantations of Ceylon, now Sri Lanka, pushing growers to switch to tea.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Crop pathogen problems may only get worse. “I’ve been doing plant pathology research for more than 30 years, and we’re seeing more threatening plant diseases now than in the past,” says plant pathologist \u003ca href=\"https://plantpath.cals.ncsu.edu/people/faculty/jean-ristaino/\">Jean Ristaino\u003c/a>, who directs N.C. State’s Emerging Plant Disease and Global Food Security program.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The change stems, in part, from global trade. “Over the past 100 years, there has been more movement of plants, and the volume is much higher, so it is harder … to monitor all the pests and pathogens coming in,” says Ristaino. Climate change is also a factor. Fungi could move to where it was once too cold. And with milder winters, seasonal pathogens could become year-round residents.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Faced with these challenges, Mazourek recognizes that any pickle fix may be temporary. “The last resistances that were deployed lasted for decades. While we hope that’s true, more and more we’re seeing new diseases, faster evolution of diseases,” he says.\u003c/p>\n\u003ch3>\u003cstrong>A fall in funding \u003c/strong>\u003c/h3>\n\u003cp>Despite these threats, U.S. public spending on crop protection is declining. According to the USDA, total federal and state funding for agricultural research and development fell between 2002 and 2015 from about $6 billion to $4.4 billion. Meanwhile, Brazil, India and China increased spending, with China surging to about twice U.S. levels.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Agricultural researchers at land-grant universities like Cornell, MSU, and NC State once received enough set federal and state support to cover their programs. With this funding declining, they must apply for competitive grants from the USDA and other institutions to make up the difference. In the competition for funds, crops like the pickling cucumber are often passed over for crops that cover more acreage, says Quesada-Ocampo.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>N.C. State plant breeder \u003ca href=\"https://cals.ncsu.edu/horticultural-science/people/tcwehner/\">Todd Wehner\u003c/a> says there were many more publicly funded cucumber breeders when he began his program nearly four decades ago. But today, with less funding, there are far fewer jobs. In fact, Wehner and Mazourek are among the last few still breeding.\u003c/p>\n\u003ch3>\u003cstrong> Private i\u003c/strong>\u003cstrong>ndustry steps in \u003c/strong>\u003c/h3>\n\u003cp>Though public funding is waning, private investment in agricultural research and development, not including food manufacturing, increased from about $3.2 billion to $6.3 billion between 2002 and 2014, according to the USDA.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>And the pickle has profited. Nischit Shetty, a geneticist for Seminis, a Bayer Crop Science vegetable seeds brand (formerly of Monsanto), led efforts to develop the first two commercialized pickling cucumber hybrids resistant to downy mildew. Released two years ago, Shetty says that they remain the only two such hybrids on the market. But they don’t fend off downy mildew completely, so growers must still use at least some fungicide.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Private fungicide research has also protected pickles. When downy mildew first struck, the pesticide producer Valent stepped in with a new fungicide called Presidio that was initially very effective. Unfortunately, the pathogen evolved resistance to Presidio within a few years. Other companies also developed fungicides. The industry advises growers to rotate sprays to limit the pathogen’s chances of adapting to any one of them.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But one consequence of our increasing reliance on agriculture companies is that growers foot a larger portion of the bill, says Wehner. Companies must charge growers enough to make a return on investment. Alternatively, public research expenses are spread across society, and the results of that research are shared openly. “It really comes down to: Do Americans want to help with their food production system, or do they want it to fall on the shoulders of the growers?” says Wehner.\u003c/p>\n\u003ch3>\u003cstrong>The future of the pickle \u003c/strong>\u003c/h3>\n\u003cp>In late September, Mazourek sat in a room on an MSU experimental farm with his graduate student and lab technician, laying out their pickling cucumber vision for seven growers and processors that Hausbeck invited, including some who assessed Mazourek’s plants last year.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Breeders often cross two plant varieties, each genetically uniform, to make a new “hybrid” variety that boasts the best genes from each parent. But because downy mildew is quickly evolving, the best genes for resistance in 2018 may not be the same for the years ahead.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Rather than a hybrid, Mazourek described developing what are called open-pollinated varieties. Each of these varieties is really more like a population of plants that each have slightly different sets of genes, all growing together in a field. Mazourek observes which cucumbers are the most disease resistant and have the best pickling traits and then chooses those to keep in the gene pool for the next generation. The plants are uniform enough for repeatable results, but genetically diverse enough to resist whatever tricks downy mildew might devise next.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“By having that mix of plants, the disease can’t really get a foothold,” said Mazourek. “And if it does, it can’t wipe out the whole field, and we can continue to, every year, find the most resistant plants and select from that. And it just keeps evolving.” A seed company could continue this process, but so could a grower, just by saving some seed from the best plants for the next year’s planting.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Later, the group arrived at the field where Hausbeck was testing Mazourek’s progress. Before them lay about 500 cucumber plants, most with barely a hint of downy mildew.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The growers and processors spread out, cutting open “pickles,” as they dub them even before brining, and staking pink flags by promising plants. One cucumber got flagged for a seed cavity without pockets. Another’s boxier ends meant squeezing more slices out of a pickle. After much enthusiastic cucumber slicing and squeezing, the pickle experts left and the Cornell team and Hausbeck stood gazing at their glowing assessment — 30 pink flags across the field. There was still room for improvement, Mazourek concluded, but it was time to scale up. They were close enough that some growers could test the plants next year.\u003c/p>\n\u003ch3>\u003cstrong>Against the clock\u003c/strong>\u003c/h3>\n\u003cp>He’s eager to release something fast. Downy mildew isn’t getting weaker. And the funding clock is ticking — unless renewed, USDA support for Mazourek’s pickle program ends in 2020.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But for now, pickle prospects look good — at least according to grower and fermenter John Swanson’s evaluation of Mazourek’s plants. “They’re alive,” he says. “And they’re pickles.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad floatright]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>Carolyn Beans is a freelance science journalist living in Washington, D.C. She specializes in ecology, evolution, and health.\u003cbr>\n\u003c/em>Copyright 2018 NPR. To see more, visit https://www.npr.org.\u003cimg decoding=\"async\" src=\"https://www.google-analytics.com/__utm.gif?utmac=UA-5828686-4&utmdt=Scientists+Are+Fighting+For+The+Stricken+Pickle+Against+This+Tricky+Disease&utme=8(APIKey)9(MDAxOTAwOTE4MDEyMTkxMDAzNjczZDljZA004)\">\u003c/p>\n\n",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>The pickle is in peril. Each summer since the mid 2000s, Florida winds carry downy mildew to cucumber fields north. By summer’s end, the disease reaches Michigan, leaving a trail of withered leaves and thwarted pickling plans.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>With failed harvests, fewer growers are taking a chance on cucumbers. According to \u003ca href=\"https://quickstats.nass.usda.gov/results/62F44E3C-4E4E-3614-99D5-78C998447ADB?pivot=short_desc\">USDA records\u003c/a>, pickling cucumber acreage declined nearly 25 percent between 2004 and 2015. Globally, downy mildew threatens fields as far flung as India, Israel, Mexico and China.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“This is the number one threat to the pickle industry,” says vegetable pathologist \u003ca href=\"https://www.ces.ncsu.edu/profile/lina-quesada-ocampo/\">Lina Quesada-Ocampo\u003c/a> of North Carolina State University. The growers, she says, lose money on failed crops and pricey fungicides. “It is a really bad double whammy.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Fortunately for pickle lovers, vegetable breeder \u003ca href=\"https://hort.cals.cornell.edu/people/michael-mazourek/\">Michael Mazourek\u003c/a> of Cornell University is close to releasing varieties that resist downy mildew. “It’s been one of our proudest David and Goliath stories,” he says. But his success hinges on funding at a time when public support of agricultural research is declining.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The story of saving the pickle, then, is not just about preserving the deli sandwich’s sidekick. It’s a story of how much we value our food supply. And who we think should pay to protect it.\u003c/p>\n\u003ch3>\u003cstrong>Trying to hit a moving target \u003c/strong>\u003c/h3>\n\u003cp>Cucurbit downy mildew, caused by the fungal pathogen \u003cem>Pseudoperonospora cubensis\u003c/em>, was once a minor nuisance. Starting in the 1960s, a Clemson University plant breeder, Carroll Barnes, produced a series of cucumber cultivars containing a strong resistance gene known as dm-1. For more than four decades, this gene helped keep the disease in check.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But in 2004, the pathogen overwhelmed the defense. In North Carolina, pickling cucumber growers were a third of the way through harvesting when downy mildew arrived. Within about a week, the crop “almost melted,” says Thomas Joyner, president of Nash Produce. “It burned the leaves and there was almost nothing left.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>That year, downy mildew struck cucumbers from Florida to New Jersey. The following year, it reached Michigan, the number one pickling cucumber state. And it has spread from Florida every summer since.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“I have never seen something that moves this fast and is this devastating,” says Quesada-Ocampo. “You see a lot of brown, dead leaves on the ground, and cucumbers … almost becoming bleached white because of the sun scalding.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Growers turned to fungicide, but downy mildew quickly adapts faster than the industry can release new ones. “Some that were very effective just a few years ago are absolutely ineffective now,” says Phil Denlinger, vice president of agricultural procurement for Mt. Olive Pickle Company. “It is a serious situation.”\u003c/p>\n\u003ch3>\u003cstrong>Breeding in resistance \u003c/strong>\u003c/h3>\n\u003cp>“Every year we wonder, will our tools hold up?” says plant pathologist \u003ca href=\"https://www.canr.msu.edu/people/mary_hausbeck\">Mary Hausbeck\u003c/a> of Michigan State University. As extension specialists for each of their states, Hausbeck and Quesada-Ocampo test fungicides and advise growers on methods that remain effective.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In 2014, Hausbeck was becoming increasingly concerned about running out of means for growers when she approached Cornell’s Mazourek with a personal plea for help. As she saw it, the industry was at terrible risk and, having grown up in Michigan pickle country, she hated to see it collapse. She recalls Mazourek listening politely and then saying, “You know, we might be able to do something.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Mazourek had already developed a downy mildew resistant slicing cucumber, the kind we eat fresh on a salad, by crossing two cultivars with moderate levels of resistance and then selecting the most hardy offspring over multiple generations.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But a pickling cucumber is a different cuke altogether. Unlike the much smoother slicers, pickling cucumbers have enough bumps on the skin for brine to pass through, and seed cavities that don’t disintegrate during that process. And those destined to become pickle spears must fit neatly in jars.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Accepting the challenge, he crossed his slicing cucumber with pickling cucumbers already on the market and selected the most disease resistant and pickle-like offspring. He tested plants in Florida, New York and Michigan to select for cucumbers that could resist downy mildew across the planting range.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In 2017, Hausbeck invited a few pickling cucumber growers and processors to meet Mazourek and assess his progress. Downy mildew had already swept through the MSU experimental farm, but the leaves of Mazourek’s plants were mostly green. “The growers were just about ready to hoist him on their shoulders and carry him through downtown East Lansing,” says Hausbeck.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But they also told him that many of his cucumbers weren’t quite pickling ready. Some, for example, had pockets between the seed cavity and flesh that could cause the center to fall out of a sliced pickle. Others were simply too short to make enough crosswise slices to top hamburgers.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Mazourek took cuttings of the plants the pickle experts liked best. He then crossed some and self-pollinated others to make the next generation of new and, hopefully, improved pickling cucumbers.\u003c/p>\n\u003ch3>\u003cstrong>A growing threat \u003c/strong>\u003c/h3>\n\u003cp>If downy mildew prevails, the pickling cucumber wouldn’t be the first crop lost from a region. A century ago, a related downy mildew helped drive commercial hops from the Northeast to the Pacific Northwest. In the second half of the 19\u003csup>th\u003c/sup> century, coffee leaf rust wiped out the plantations of Ceylon, now Sri Lanka, pushing growers to switch to tea.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Crop pathogen problems may only get worse. “I’ve been doing plant pathology research for more than 30 years, and we’re seeing more threatening plant diseases now than in the past,” says plant pathologist \u003ca href=\"https://plantpath.cals.ncsu.edu/people/faculty/jean-ristaino/\">Jean Ristaino\u003c/a>, who directs N.C. State’s Emerging Plant Disease and Global Food Security program.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The change stems, in part, from global trade. “Over the past 100 years, there has been more movement of plants, and the volume is much higher, so it is harder … to monitor all the pests and pathogens coming in,” says Ristaino. Climate change is also a factor. Fungi could move to where it was once too cold. And with milder winters, seasonal pathogens could become year-round residents.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Faced with these challenges, Mazourek recognizes that any pickle fix may be temporary. “The last resistances that were deployed lasted for decades. While we hope that’s true, more and more we’re seeing new diseases, faster evolution of diseases,” he says.\u003c/p>\n\u003ch3>\u003cstrong>A fall in funding \u003c/strong>\u003c/h3>\n\u003cp>Despite these threats, U.S. public spending on crop protection is declining. According to the USDA, total federal and state funding for agricultural research and development fell between 2002 and 2015 from about $6 billion to $4.4 billion. Meanwhile, Brazil, India and China increased spending, with China surging to about twice U.S. levels.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Agricultural researchers at land-grant universities like Cornell, MSU, and NC State once received enough set federal and state support to cover their programs. With this funding declining, they must apply for competitive grants from the USDA and other institutions to make up the difference. In the competition for funds, crops like the pickling cucumber are often passed over for crops that cover more acreage, says Quesada-Ocampo.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>N.C. State plant breeder \u003ca href=\"https://cals.ncsu.edu/horticultural-science/people/tcwehner/\">Todd Wehner\u003c/a> says there were many more publicly funded cucumber breeders when he began his program nearly four decades ago. But today, with less funding, there are far fewer jobs. In fact, Wehner and Mazourek are among the last few still breeding.\u003c/p>\n\u003ch3>\u003cstrong> Private i\u003c/strong>\u003cstrong>ndustry steps in \u003c/strong>\u003c/h3>\n\u003cp>Though public funding is waning, private investment in agricultural research and development, not including food manufacturing, increased from about $3.2 billion to $6.3 billion between 2002 and 2014, according to the USDA.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>And the pickle has profited. Nischit Shetty, a geneticist for Seminis, a Bayer Crop Science vegetable seeds brand (formerly of Monsanto), led efforts to develop the first two commercialized pickling cucumber hybrids resistant to downy mildew. Released two years ago, Shetty says that they remain the only two such hybrids on the market. But they don’t fend off downy mildew completely, so growers must still use at least some fungicide.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Private fungicide research has also protected pickles. When downy mildew first struck, the pesticide producer Valent stepped in with a new fungicide called Presidio that was initially very effective. Unfortunately, the pathogen evolved resistance to Presidio within a few years. Other companies also developed fungicides. The industry advises growers to rotate sprays to limit the pathogen’s chances of adapting to any one of them.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But one consequence of our increasing reliance on agriculture companies is that growers foot a larger portion of the bill, says Wehner. Companies must charge growers enough to make a return on investment. Alternatively, public research expenses are spread across society, and the results of that research are shared openly. “It really comes down to: Do Americans want to help with their food production system, or do they want it to fall on the shoulders of the growers?” says Wehner.\u003c/p>\n\u003ch3>\u003cstrong>The future of the pickle \u003c/strong>\u003c/h3>\n\u003cp>In late September, Mazourek sat in a room on an MSU experimental farm with his graduate student and lab technician, laying out their pickling cucumber vision for seven growers and processors that Hausbeck invited, including some who assessed Mazourek’s plants last year.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Breeders often cross two plant varieties, each genetically uniform, to make a new “hybrid” variety that boasts the best genes from each parent. But because downy mildew is quickly evolving, the best genes for resistance in 2018 may not be the same for the years ahead.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Rather than a hybrid, Mazourek described developing what are called open-pollinated varieties. Each of these varieties is really more like a population of plants that each have slightly different sets of genes, all growing together in a field. Mazourek observes which cucumbers are the most disease resistant and have the best pickling traits and then chooses those to keep in the gene pool for the next generation. The plants are uniform enough for repeatable results, but genetically diverse enough to resist whatever tricks downy mildew might devise next.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“By having that mix of plants, the disease can’t really get a foothold,” said Mazourek. “And if it does, it can’t wipe out the whole field, and we can continue to, every year, find the most resistant plants and select from that. And it just keeps evolving.” A seed company could continue this process, but so could a grower, just by saving some seed from the best plants for the next year’s planting.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Later, the group arrived at the field where Hausbeck was testing Mazourek’s progress. Before them lay about 500 cucumber plants, most with barely a hint of downy mildew.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The growers and processors spread out, cutting open “pickles,” as they dub them even before brining, and staking pink flags by promising plants. One cucumber got flagged for a seed cavity without pockets. Another’s boxier ends meant squeezing more slices out of a pickle. After much enthusiastic cucumber slicing and squeezing, the pickle experts left and the Cornell team and Hausbeck stood gazing at their glowing assessment — 30 pink flags across the field. There was still room for improvement, Mazourek concluded, but it was time to scale up. They were close enough that some growers could test the plants next year.\u003c/p>\n\u003ch3>\u003cstrong>Against the clock\u003c/strong>\u003c/h3>\n\u003cp>He’s eager to release something fast. Downy mildew isn’t getting weaker. And the funding clock is ticking — unless renewed, USDA support for Mazourek’s pickle program ends in 2020.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But for now, pickle prospects look good — at least according to grower and fermenter John Swanson’s evaluation of Mazourek’s plants. “They’re alive,” he says. “And they’re pickles.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>Carolyn Beans is a freelance science journalist living in Washington, D.C. She specializes in ecology, evolution, and health.\u003cbr>\n\u003c/em>Copyright 2018 NPR. To see more, visit https://www.npr.org.\u003cimg decoding=\"async\" src=\"https://www.google-analytics.com/__utm.gif?utmac=UA-5828686-4&utmdt=Scientists+Are+Fighting+For+The+Stricken+Pickle+Against+This+Tricky+Disease&utme=8(APIKey)9(MDAxOTAwOTE4MDEyMTkxMDAzNjczZDljZA004)\">\u003c/p>\n\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>",
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"title": "'Rethinking the Past' in the Aftermath of California's Deadly Wildfires",
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"headTitle": "‘Rethinking the Past’ in the Aftermath of California’s Deadly Wildfires | KQED",
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"content": "\u003cp>From the air, the scale of the devastation in and around Paradise, California, is, simply put, alarming.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Whole neighborhoods and commercial districts are completely decimated, turned to rubble amid the tall, orange-singed pine trees with blackened trunks. Deeper into the mountains, illegal pot plantations were suddenly exposed — and charred. Then there’s the odd home on a ridge top or Rite Aid store that has been randomly spared.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“See how hot that burned, there’s nothing left down there,” says Dan Tomascheski, talking through a headset over the roar of the helicopter.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>He’s vice president of resources for Sierra Pacific Industries, one of Northern California’s biggest timber companies. About 10,000 acres of the company’s private land was scorched by the Camp Fire, the largest and deadliest wildfire in California history.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“We’ll have to get [down] there quickly and harvest what’s big enough to make lumber,” Tomascheski says.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In the immediate term, his company will try to salvage as many of the burned trees as they can before they’re taken over by bugs or rot. The longer-term strategy is more complicated and, in the past, politically fraught. But now, many on the ground in beleaguered Butte County — from the timber industry to environmentalists, forest ecologists and firefighters — see this fire as a possible turning point in the long-running debate over how Western forests should be managed.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11712313\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 800px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-medium wp-image-11712313\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2018/12/Siegler_Sierra-Pacific-lumber-2-800x557.jpg\" alt=\"Sierra Pacific\" width=\"800\" height=\"557\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2018/12/Siegler_Sierra-Pacific-lumber-2-800x557.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2018/12/Siegler_Sierra-Pacific-lumber-2-160x111.jpg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2018/12/Siegler_Sierra-Pacific-lumber-2-1020x711.jpg 1020w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2018/12/Siegler_Sierra-Pacific-lumber-2-1200x836.jpg 1200w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2018/12/Siegler_Sierra-Pacific-lumber-2.jpg 1837w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Part of Sierra Pacific’s defensible space project next to Paradise Lake, as seen from the air. The tree thinning can be seen in comparison to the denser forest in the background. \u003ccite>(Adam Grossberg/KQED)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>“Every one of the fires, Thomas, Tubbs, Carr, and of course Camp, have all been leading us down the same direction — we have to rethink the past,” said Jim Broshears, emergency operations coordinator for the town of Paradise.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Even as Paradise and the communities around it are still reeling in crisis, foresters are already eyeing the critical forest health and restoration work ahead.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“There’s an agreement now that we have overstocked forests that are not resilient to drought, disease and wildfire,” Broshears says.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In many Northern California forests, they are so overgrown there are 10 times as many trees as there would be in a healthy, natural forest. All of that overgrowth, dried out from hotter and longer summers and a history of suppressing wildfires, is a big reason why we’re now seeing deadly infernos like the Camp Fire.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Trees as a ‘liability’\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In the mountains near the old sawmill town of Stirling City, Dan Tomascheski has traded a chopper for a pickup so he can get a closer look at the extent of some of the damage to Sierra Pacific’s timber lands. In one forested rural neighborhood that didn’t burn, it is astounding how dense the woods are, thick with brush and small-diameter trees. It is similar to how many forested areas near Paradise looked before last month.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“People love the trees and they’re beautiful,” Tomascheski says. “But they can be a liability.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11712315\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 800px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"wp-image-11712315 size-medium\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2018/12/Siegler_Sierra-Pacific-lumber-6-800x533.jpg\" alt=\"Tomasheski\" width=\"800\" height=\"533\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2018/12/Siegler_Sierra-Pacific-lumber-6-800x533.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2018/12/Siegler_Sierra-Pacific-lumber-6-160x107.jpg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2018/12/Siegler_Sierra-Pacific-lumber-6-1020x680.jpg 1020w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2018/12/Siegler_Sierra-Pacific-lumber-6-1200x800.jpg 1200w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2018/12/Siegler_Sierra-Pacific-lumber-6.jpg 1824w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Sierra Pacific Vice President Dan Tomascheski \u003ccite>(Adam Grossberg/KQED)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Tomascheski stops near Paradise Lake to point out a small clearing in the forest where the large trees mostly survived the fire. Earlier this year, Sierra Pacific had thinned out underbrush and some of the trees to create what’s known as a fuel break. This had the effect of slowing down the Camp Fire long enough to allow firefighters to safely stage here and make a stand against the fire.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“We don’t think we’re being naive in that this is a panacea for every condition every time, but this really is a start,” Tomascheski says. You’re never going to stop these modern megafires once they blow up, he says, but a key fuel break like this might give firefighters the upper hand on the second or third day.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>There isn’t a lot of good news after the Camp Fire. But the small success around this fuel break makes the case for the kind of work that foresters say needs to be done now across millions of acres of private and public lands in the West.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Landscape-level restoration \u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>An estimated 90 percent of all of the homes in Paradise, which had a population of almost 27,000, were destroyed. Jim Broshears’ place was spared, which he credits to the extensive brush clearing and other mitigation work he’d done prior to the fire. But he says this work creating defensible space and fuel breaks can’t just be focused in and around towns that have been built out into fire-prone areas. Attention also needs to be paid way out into the forests, doing selective thinning projects, brush clearing and controlled burns.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“I hope that one of the outcomes of this is that we’ll all be at the same table,” Broshears says.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11712314\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 800px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-medium wp-image-11712314\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2018/12/Siegler_Sierra-Pacific-lumber-4-800x523.jpg\" alt=\"Sierra Pacific\" width=\"800\" height=\"523\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2018/12/Siegler_Sierra-Pacific-lumber-4-800x523.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2018/12/Siegler_Sierra-Pacific-lumber-4-160x105.jpg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2018/12/Siegler_Sierra-Pacific-lumber-4-1020x667.jpg 1020w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2018/12/Siegler_Sierra-Pacific-lumber-4-1200x785.jpg 1200w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2018/12/Siegler_Sierra-Pacific-lumber-4.jpg 1920w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Part of Sierra Pacific’s defensible space project outside the town of Stirling City. This thinned area was used as a Cal Fire staging area and was one of the northern boundaries of the Camp Fire. \u003ccite>(Adam Grossberg/KQED)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>The so-called timber wars of the 1980s and ’90s pitted environmentalists against the logging industry. Battles over the spotted owl and other issues led to a significant drop in timber harvests on federal public land. But Broshears and others who work on the land say, these days, what’s really holding up these critical forest management projects is funding, not those environmental battles or lawsuits.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Arielle Halpern, a wildfire scientist with the Mount Shasta Bioregional Ecology Center, says there’s a realization now that all the finger-pointing and blaming of the past wasn’t constructive.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“I think there are a lot of discussions that need to happen and everybody could use some education,” she says. “I say this for myself as well.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>North of Paradise near the town of Mount Shasta, Halpern is organizing her neighbors — from hippies to ranchers — into community groups that will conduct prescribed burns on private land.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“We do have common goals; we all like to have safe homes and families,” Halpern says. “You talk to an environmentalist on the far left and someone on the far right, and I bet that they could agree with that statement.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Rural economic rebound? \u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Back in the woods, near the old sawmill town of Stirling City, Dan Tomascheski says his industry is now talking and compromising with groups they might not have even agreed to meet with a couple of decades ago.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“It takes time. You go to more meetings than you’d like to, but you need to build a consensus,” he says.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>There’s too much at stake not to build that consensus, foresters say. There’s valuable timber, of course. But the forests are also important wildlife habitat. They serve as critical watersheds for many cities in the West, and the recent megafires are emitting enormous amounts of carbon into the atmosphere, worsening global warming.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“It’s in nobody’s interest to burn the whole resource up,” Tomascheski says.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In recent years, Sierra Pacific and other companies have begun making retrofits to mills in order to process the smaller-diameter wood and biomass that needs to be cleared out from the forests, and turn it into a commercially viable product.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad floatright]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>If the industry knows there will be a steady market, Tomascheski says, they’ll invest and expand. He sees an upside amid all this tragedy — the potential for a rural economic boom.\u003c/p>\n\n",
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"excerpt": "November's devastating Camp Fire has become a turning point in the debate over how Western forests should be managed. ",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>From the air, the scale of the devastation in and around Paradise, California, is, simply put, alarming.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Whole neighborhoods and commercial districts are completely decimated, turned to rubble amid the tall, orange-singed pine trees with blackened trunks. Deeper into the mountains, illegal pot plantations were suddenly exposed — and charred. Then there’s the odd home on a ridge top or Rite Aid store that has been randomly spared.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“See how hot that burned, there’s nothing left down there,” says Dan Tomascheski, talking through a headset over the roar of the helicopter.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>He’s vice president of resources for Sierra Pacific Industries, one of Northern California’s biggest timber companies. About 10,000 acres of the company’s private land was scorched by the Camp Fire, the largest and deadliest wildfire in California history.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“We’ll have to get [down] there quickly and harvest what’s big enough to make lumber,” Tomascheski says.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In the immediate term, his company will try to salvage as many of the burned trees as they can before they’re taken over by bugs or rot. The longer-term strategy is more complicated and, in the past, politically fraught. But now, many on the ground in beleaguered Butte County — from the timber industry to environmentalists, forest ecologists and firefighters — see this fire as a possible turning point in the long-running debate over how Western forests should be managed.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11712313\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 800px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-medium wp-image-11712313\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2018/12/Siegler_Sierra-Pacific-lumber-2-800x557.jpg\" alt=\"Sierra Pacific\" width=\"800\" height=\"557\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2018/12/Siegler_Sierra-Pacific-lumber-2-800x557.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2018/12/Siegler_Sierra-Pacific-lumber-2-160x111.jpg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2018/12/Siegler_Sierra-Pacific-lumber-2-1020x711.jpg 1020w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2018/12/Siegler_Sierra-Pacific-lumber-2-1200x836.jpg 1200w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2018/12/Siegler_Sierra-Pacific-lumber-2.jpg 1837w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Part of Sierra Pacific’s defensible space project next to Paradise Lake, as seen from the air. The tree thinning can be seen in comparison to the denser forest in the background. \u003ccite>(Adam Grossberg/KQED)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>“Every one of the fires, Thomas, Tubbs, Carr, and of course Camp, have all been leading us down the same direction — we have to rethink the past,” said Jim Broshears, emergency operations coordinator for the town of Paradise.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Even as Paradise and the communities around it are still reeling in crisis, foresters are already eyeing the critical forest health and restoration work ahead.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“There’s an agreement now that we have overstocked forests that are not resilient to drought, disease and wildfire,” Broshears says.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In many Northern California forests, they are so overgrown there are 10 times as many trees as there would be in a healthy, natural forest. All of that overgrowth, dried out from hotter and longer summers and a history of suppressing wildfires, is a big reason why we’re now seeing deadly infernos like the Camp Fire.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Trees as a ‘liability’\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In the mountains near the old sawmill town of Stirling City, Dan Tomascheski has traded a chopper for a pickup so he can get a closer look at the extent of some of the damage to Sierra Pacific’s timber lands. In one forested rural neighborhood that didn’t burn, it is astounding how dense the woods are, thick with brush and small-diameter trees. It is similar to how many forested areas near Paradise looked before last month.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“People love the trees and they’re beautiful,” Tomascheski says. “But they can be a liability.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11712315\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 800px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"wp-image-11712315 size-medium\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2018/12/Siegler_Sierra-Pacific-lumber-6-800x533.jpg\" alt=\"Tomasheski\" width=\"800\" height=\"533\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2018/12/Siegler_Sierra-Pacific-lumber-6-800x533.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2018/12/Siegler_Sierra-Pacific-lumber-6-160x107.jpg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2018/12/Siegler_Sierra-Pacific-lumber-6-1020x680.jpg 1020w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2018/12/Siegler_Sierra-Pacific-lumber-6-1200x800.jpg 1200w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2018/12/Siegler_Sierra-Pacific-lumber-6.jpg 1824w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Sierra Pacific Vice President Dan Tomascheski \u003ccite>(Adam Grossberg/KQED)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Tomascheski stops near Paradise Lake to point out a small clearing in the forest where the large trees mostly survived the fire. Earlier this year, Sierra Pacific had thinned out underbrush and some of the trees to create what’s known as a fuel break. This had the effect of slowing down the Camp Fire long enough to allow firefighters to safely stage here and make a stand against the fire.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“We don’t think we’re being naive in that this is a panacea for every condition every time, but this really is a start,” Tomascheski says. You’re never going to stop these modern megafires once they blow up, he says, but a key fuel break like this might give firefighters the upper hand on the second or third day.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>There isn’t a lot of good news after the Camp Fire. But the small success around this fuel break makes the case for the kind of work that foresters say needs to be done now across millions of acres of private and public lands in the West.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Landscape-level restoration \u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>An estimated 90 percent of all of the homes in Paradise, which had a population of almost 27,000, were destroyed. Jim Broshears’ place was spared, which he credits to the extensive brush clearing and other mitigation work he’d done prior to the fire. But he says this work creating defensible space and fuel breaks can’t just be focused in and around towns that have been built out into fire-prone areas. Attention also needs to be paid way out into the forests, doing selective thinning projects, brush clearing and controlled burns.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“I hope that one of the outcomes of this is that we’ll all be at the same table,” Broshears says.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11712314\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 800px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-medium wp-image-11712314\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2018/12/Siegler_Sierra-Pacific-lumber-4-800x523.jpg\" alt=\"Sierra Pacific\" width=\"800\" height=\"523\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2018/12/Siegler_Sierra-Pacific-lumber-4-800x523.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2018/12/Siegler_Sierra-Pacific-lumber-4-160x105.jpg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2018/12/Siegler_Sierra-Pacific-lumber-4-1020x667.jpg 1020w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2018/12/Siegler_Sierra-Pacific-lumber-4-1200x785.jpg 1200w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2018/12/Siegler_Sierra-Pacific-lumber-4.jpg 1920w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Part of Sierra Pacific’s defensible space project outside the town of Stirling City. This thinned area was used as a Cal Fire staging area and was one of the northern boundaries of the Camp Fire. \u003ccite>(Adam Grossberg/KQED)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>The so-called timber wars of the 1980s and ’90s pitted environmentalists against the logging industry. Battles over the spotted owl and other issues led to a significant drop in timber harvests on federal public land. But Broshears and others who work on the land say, these days, what’s really holding up these critical forest management projects is funding, not those environmental battles or lawsuits.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Arielle Halpern, a wildfire scientist with the Mount Shasta Bioregional Ecology Center, says there’s a realization now that all the finger-pointing and blaming of the past wasn’t constructive.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“I think there are a lot of discussions that need to happen and everybody could use some education,” she says. “I say this for myself as well.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>North of Paradise near the town of Mount Shasta, Halpern is organizing her neighbors — from hippies to ranchers — into community groups that will conduct prescribed burns on private land.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“We do have common goals; we all like to have safe homes and families,” Halpern says. “You talk to an environmentalist on the far left and someone on the far right, and I bet that they could agree with that statement.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Rural economic rebound? \u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Back in the woods, near the old sawmill town of Stirling City, Dan Tomascheski says his industry is now talking and compromising with groups they might not have even agreed to meet with a couple of decades ago.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“It takes time. You go to more meetings than you’d like to, but you need to build a consensus,” he says.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>There’s too much at stake not to build that consensus, foresters say. There’s valuable timber, of course. But the forests are also important wildlife habitat. They serve as critical watersheds for many cities in the West, and the recent megafires are emitting enormous amounts of carbon into the atmosphere, worsening global warming.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“It’s in nobody’s interest to burn the whole resource up,” Tomascheski says.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In recent years, Sierra Pacific and other companies have begun making retrofits to mills in order to process the smaller-diameter wood and biomass that needs to be cleared out from the forests, and turn it into a commercially viable product.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>If the industry knows there will be a steady market, Tomascheski says, they’ll invest and expand. He sees an upside amid all this tragedy — the potential for a rural economic boom.\u003c/p>\n\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>",
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"content": "\u003cp>For 25 years, schools, hospitals and places of worship have effectively been off-limits to federal immigration officers. Now, a group of dozens of former state and federal judges is asking U.S. Immigration and Customs Enforcement to add courthouses to the list of “sensitive locations” where their officers generally do not go.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Judges simply cannot do their jobs — and our justice system cannot function effectively — if victims, defendants, witnesses, and family members do not feel secure in accessing the courthouse,” said the judges \u003ca href=\"https://www.scribd.com/document/395488473/Letter-From-Former-Judges-Courthouse-Immigration-Arrests\">in a letter Wednesday\u003c/a> to Acting Director Ronald Vitiello. “ICE’s reliance on immigration arrests in courthouses instills fear in clients and deters them from seeking justice in a court building.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The judges cited reports of a marked increase in ICE activity in courts over the past two years. One study by the Immigrant Defense Project found a \u003ca href=\"https://www.immigrantdefenseproject.org/ice-courts/\">1200 percent increase\u003c/a> in arrests and attempted arrests across New York state from 2016 to 2017. Arrests have been documented in dozens of states, the judges wrote, affecting \u003ca href=\"https://www.elpasotimes.com/story/news/2017/02/15/ice-detains-domestic-violence-victim-court/97965624/\">survivors of domestic violence\u003c/a>, \u003ca href=\"https://www.newyorker.com/news/daily-comment/when-a-day-in-court-is-a-trap-for-immigrants\">parents seeking to protect their children\u003c/a> from unsafe living conditions, and even \u003ca href=\"https://www.wnyc.org/story/when-ice-shows-court/\">victims of human trafficking\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“We know firsthand that for courts to effectively do justice, ensure public safety, and serve their communities, the public must be able to access courthouses safely and without fear of retribution,” the judges said. “For many, however, ICE’s courthouse arrests have made courts places to avoid.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In a January \u003ca href=\"https://www.ice.gov/sites/default/files/documents/Document/2018/ciEnforcementActionsCourthouses.pdf\">memo\u003c/a>, ICE said it would limit its civil immigration enforcement actions inside courthouses to only certain people, such as gang members, those with criminal convictions, or people who pose national security threats. ICE officers won’t go after family members of arrest targets unless they try to intervene. Officers “should exercise sound judgment when enforcing federal law and make substantial efforts to avoid unnecessarily alarming the public,” the memo said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>That assurance didn’t go far enough, the judges wrote. “Following nearly two years of high profile ICE courthouse activity, only unequivocal guarantees and protections will restore the public’s confidence that it can safely pursue justice in our nation’s courts.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In an \u003ca href=\"https://www.ice.gov/ero/enforcement/sensitive-loc\">FAQ on its web site\u003c/a>, ICE says that “courthouse arrests seem to be occurring more frequently” because some law enforcement agencies no longer work with ICE agents as easily as they used to.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“The increasing unwillingness of some jurisdictions to cooperate with ICE in the safe and orderly transfer of targeted aliens inside their prisons and jails has necessitated additional at-large arrests.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cdiv class=\"fullattribution\">Copyright 2018 NPR. To see more, visit https://www.npr.org.\u003cimg decoding=\"async\" src=\"https://www.google-analytics.com/__utm.gif?utmac=UA-5828686-4&utmdt=Judges+Ask+ICE+to+Make+Courts+Off+Limits+To+Immigration+Arrests&utme=8(APIKey)9(MDAxOTAwOTE4MDEyMTkxMDAzNjczZDljZA004)\">\u003c/div>\n\n",
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"excerpt": "Courts should be added to the list of \"sensitive locations\" that ICE officials are to avoid, judges say, arguing the justice system depends on safe and equal access to the court system.",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>For 25 years, schools, hospitals and places of worship have effectively been off-limits to federal immigration officers. Now, a group of dozens of former state and federal judges is asking U.S. Immigration and Customs Enforcement to add courthouses to the list of “sensitive locations” where their officers generally do not go.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Judges simply cannot do their jobs — and our justice system cannot function effectively — if victims, defendants, witnesses, and family members do not feel secure in accessing the courthouse,” said the judges \u003ca href=\"https://www.scribd.com/document/395488473/Letter-From-Former-Judges-Courthouse-Immigration-Arrests\">in a letter Wednesday\u003c/a> to Acting Director Ronald Vitiello. “ICE’s reliance on immigration arrests in courthouses instills fear in clients and deters them from seeking justice in a court building.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The judges cited reports of a marked increase in ICE activity in courts over the past two years. One study by the Immigrant Defense Project found a \u003ca href=\"https://www.immigrantdefenseproject.org/ice-courts/\">1200 percent increase\u003c/a> in arrests and attempted arrests across New York state from 2016 to 2017. Arrests have been documented in dozens of states, the judges wrote, affecting \u003ca href=\"https://www.elpasotimes.com/story/news/2017/02/15/ice-detains-domestic-violence-victim-court/97965624/\">survivors of domestic violence\u003c/a>, \u003ca href=\"https://www.newyorker.com/news/daily-comment/when-a-day-in-court-is-a-trap-for-immigrants\">parents seeking to protect their children\u003c/a> from unsafe living conditions, and even \u003ca href=\"https://www.wnyc.org/story/when-ice-shows-court/\">victims of human trafficking\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“We know firsthand that for courts to effectively do justice, ensure public safety, and serve their communities, the public must be able to access courthouses safely and without fear of retribution,” the judges said. “For many, however, ICE’s courthouse arrests have made courts places to avoid.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In a January \u003ca href=\"https://www.ice.gov/sites/default/files/documents/Document/2018/ciEnforcementActionsCourthouses.pdf\">memo\u003c/a>, ICE said it would limit its civil immigration enforcement actions inside courthouses to only certain people, such as gang members, those with criminal convictions, or people who pose national security threats. ICE officers won’t go after family members of arrest targets unless they try to intervene. Officers “should exercise sound judgment when enforcing federal law and make substantial efforts to avoid unnecessarily alarming the public,” the memo said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>That assurance didn’t go far enough, the judges wrote. “Following nearly two years of high profile ICE courthouse activity, only unequivocal guarantees and protections will restore the public’s confidence that it can safely pursue justice in our nation’s courts.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In an \u003ca href=\"https://www.ice.gov/ero/enforcement/sensitive-loc\">FAQ on its web site\u003c/a>, ICE says that “courthouse arrests seem to be occurring more frequently” because some law enforcement agencies no longer work with ICE agents as easily as they used to.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“The increasing unwillingness of some jurisdictions to cooperate with ICE in the safe and orderly transfer of targeted aliens inside their prisons and jails has necessitated additional at-large arrests.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cdiv class=\"fullattribution\">Copyright 2018 NPR. To see more, visit https://www.npr.org.\u003cimg decoding=\"async\" src=\"https://www.google-analytics.com/__utm.gif?utmac=UA-5828686-4&utmdt=Judges+Ask+ICE+to+Make+Courts+Off+Limits+To+Immigration+Arrests&utme=8(APIKey)9(MDAxOTAwOTE4MDEyMTkxMDAzNjczZDljZA004)\">\u003c/div>\n\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>",
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"content": "\u003cp>The number of immigrant children being held in government custody has reached almost 15,000, putting a network of federally contracted shelters across the country near capacity.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The national network of more than 100 shelters is 92 percent full, according to the Department of Health and Human Services. The situation is forcing the government to consider a range of options, possibly including releasing children more quickly to sponsors in the United States or expanding the already crowded shelter network.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Most of the migrant children are teenage boys from Central America who travel to the border alone. Many are escaping poverty or gangs, and they plan to ask for asylum and ultimately find work or go to school in the U.S.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Waves of these so-called unaccompanied children have arrived in recent years, and the numbers are on the rise again. In November, according to Customs and Border Protection, an average of 175 unaccompanied children crossed the southern border every day.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The largest migrant youth shelter in the country is in Tornillo in remote west Texas. About 2,800 children live in heated, sand-colored tents set up on a patch of desert a few hundred yards from the Rio Grande.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c!-- iframe plugin v.4.3 wordpress.org/plugins/iframe/ -->\u003cbr>\n\u003ciframe src=\"https://www.npr.org/player/embed/676300525/676346867\" width=\"100%\" height=\"290\" frameborder=\"0\" scrolling=\"no\" is unsustainable on the table. continue to look for options that don jeopardize child safety incentive never in best interest of a especially when it extended bad mental and physical health. class=\"iframe-class\">\u003c/iframe>\u003cbr>\n is inherently a violent place. Now you have a massive detention facility where you have thousands of children detained there. It's deplorable,\" Perez said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Last month, the Office of Inspector General at Health and Human Services identified two \"significant vulnerabilities\" at Tornillo. The contractor, BCFS, did not conduct FBI fingerprint background checks on its 2,000 staffers, though it had performed routine criminal background checks. And the facility lacked enough mental health clinicians for the swelling number of children.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The nonprofit says it is addressing both deficiencies.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>BCSF officials have defended the camp, insisting that it is not a detention facility and that the employees are not guards. They say every child has access to three hot meals, snacks, education classes, medical care, soccer games, movie nights and, soon, Christmas festivities.\u003c/p>\n\u003cdiv class=\"fullattribution\">Copyright 2018 NPR. To see more, visit https://www.npr.org.\u003cimg src=\"https://www.google-analytics.com/__utm.gif?utmac=UA-5828686-4&utmdt=Almost+15%2C000+Migrant+Children+Now+Held+At+Nearly+Full+Shelters&utme=8(APIKey)9(MDAxOTAwOTE4MDEyMTkxMDAzNjczZDljZA004)\">\u003c/div>\n\n",
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"excerpt": "With government shelters across the country nearing capacity, officials are considering a range of options, from releasing the children more quickly to building more tent cities.",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>The number of immigrant children being held in government custody has reached almost 15,000, putting a network of federally contracted shelters across the country near capacity.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The national network of more than 100 shelters is 92 percent full, according to the Department of Health and Human Services. The situation is forcing the government to consider a range of options, possibly including releasing children more quickly to sponsors in the United States or expanding the already crowded shelter network.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Most of the migrant children are teenage boys from Central America who travel to the border alone. Many are escaping poverty or gangs, and they plan to ask for asylum and ultimately find work or go to school in the U.S.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Waves of these so-called unaccompanied children have arrived in recent years, and the numbers are on the rise again. In November, according to Customs and Border Protection, an average of 175 unaccompanied children crossed the southern border every day.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The largest migrant youth shelter in the country is in Tornillo in remote west Texas. About 2,800 children live in heated, sand-colored tents set up on a patch of desert a few hundred yards from the Rio Grande.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c!-- iframe plugin v.4.3 wordpress.org/plugins/iframe/ -->\u003cbr>\n\u003ciframe src=\"https://www.npr.org/player/embed/676300525/676346867\" width=\"100%\" height=\"290\" frameborder=\"0\" scrolling=\"no\" is unsustainable on the table. continue to look for options that don jeopardize child safety incentive never in best interest of a especially when it extended bad mental and physical health. class=\"iframe-class\">\u003c/iframe>\u003cbr>\n is inherently a violent place. Now you have a massive detention facility where you have thousands of children detained there. It's deplorable,\" Perez said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Last month, the Office of Inspector General at Health and Human Services identified two \"significant vulnerabilities\" at Tornillo. The contractor, BCFS, did not conduct FBI fingerprint background checks on its 2,000 staffers, though it had performed routine criminal background checks. And the facility lacked enough mental health clinicians for the swelling number of children.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The nonprofit says it is addressing both deficiencies.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>BCSF officials have defended the camp, insisting that it is not a detention facility and that the employees are not guards. They say every child has access to three hot meals, snacks, education classes, medical care, soccer games, movie nights and, soon, Christmas festivities.\u003c/p>\n\u003cdiv class=\"fullattribution\">Copyright 2018 NPR. To see more, visit https://www.npr.org.\u003cimg src=\"https://www.google-analytics.com/__utm.gif?utmac=UA-5828686-4&utmdt=Almost+15%2C000+Migrant+Children+Now+Held+At+Nearly+Full+Shelters&utme=8(APIKey)9(MDAxOTAwOTE4MDEyMTkxMDAzNjczZDljZA004)\">\u003c/div>\n\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>",
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"slug": "fact-check-trump-says-a-lot-of-wall-has-been-built-as-he-demands-we-build-more",
"title": "FACT CHECK: Trump Says 'A Lot of Wall Has Been Built' As He Demands We Build More",
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"content": "\u003cp>In an \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/news/11711657/in-fight-with-chuck-and-nancy-trump-says-hed-be-proud-to-shut-down-government\">uncommonly contentious public exchange\u003c/a> in the Oval Office with House and Senate Democratic leaders, President Trump made several remarks about the southern border with Mexico justifying his demand for billions of dollars to build a wall to restrict illegal immigration.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Trump said:\u003c/p>\n\u003cblockquote>\u003cp>“One thing that I do have to say is: Tremendous amounts of wall have already been built, and a lot of — a lot of wall. When you include the renovation of existing fences and walls, we’ve renovated a tremendous amount and we’ve done a lot of work. In San Diego, we’re building new walls right now. And we’ve — right next to San Diego, we’ve completed a major section of wall and it’s really worked well.”\u003c/p>\u003c/blockquote>\n\u003cp>After promising voters that Mexico would pay for the border wall, the president has sought $25 billion from Congress to fund the project.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Despite Republican majorities in both houses of Congress, lawmakers have not approved such funding. In 2017, the president managed to secure about $1.6 billion for border protection projects, but they are primarily for fortifying \u003ca href=\"https://www.washingtonpost.com/news/fact-checker/wp/2018/04/05/president-trump-says-his-beautiful-wall-is-being-built-nope/?utm_term=.fb77f6a06d7c\">existing border fencing\u003c/a>, not expanding the current wall.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>That appropriation by Congress did not authorize using the money for the border wall prototypes Trump has \u003ca href=\"https://www.npr.org/sections/thetwo-way/2018/03/13/593071082/trump-visits-u-s-mexico-border-to-tout-long-promised-wall\">promoted\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The president is demanding $5 billion more for wall construction. Democrats are proposing to spend $1.3 billion on border security overall.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Trump said:\u003c/p>\n\u003cblockquote>\u003cp>“If you look at San Diego, illegal traffic dropped 92 percent once the wall was up. El Paso, illegal traffic dropped 72 percent, then ultimately 95 percent, once the wall was up. In Tucson, Arizona, illegal traffic dropped 92 percent. Yuma, it dropped illegal traffic 95 to 96 percent.”\u003c/p>\u003c/blockquote>\n\u003cp>Leaving aside the semantic difference between a wall and a fence, Trump is correct that fencing in San Diego, for example, significantly reduced “illegal traffic” when originally built decades ago. It also pushed border-crossers east, away from coastal San Diego, to areas where the fencing is less robust. Partly as a result, \u003ca href=\"https://www.sandiegouniontribune.com/news/immigration/sd-me-borderwall-update-20170124-story.html\">thousands have perished\u003c/a> trying to trek through deserts and mountains.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The other locales Trump mentioned do have many miles of existing fencing that is being replaced or strengthened. To date, the fencing is a hodgepodge of projects covering about \u003ca href=\"https://www.politico.com/story/2018/03/30/trump-border-wall-mexico-492767\">650 miles.\u003c/a>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In November, the government \u003ca href=\"https://www.cbp.gov/newsroom/national-media-release/border-wall-contract-award-arizona\">announced\u003c/a> a $324 million contract for 32 miles of “primary pedestrian replacement wall” in Arizona.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>A \u003ca href=\"https://www.cbp.gov/newsroom/local-media-release/santa-teresa-border-wall-replacement-project-begin\">20-mile border wall replacement\u003c/a> project in Santa Teresa, New Mexico, was announced in April 2018. The cost is reported to be $73.3 million.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>A 6-mile “\u003ca href=\"https://www.cbp.gov/newsroom/national-media-release/border-wall-construction-project-begin-texas\">levee wall system\u003c/a>” is set for construction in Texas’s Rio Grande Valley beginning in February 2019. It will cost $145 million.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>A 14-mile “border wall construction project” along the border in San Diego was \u003ca href=\"https://www.cbp.gov/newsroom/local-media-release/border-wall-construction-project-starts-san-diego-sector\">announced in June 2018\u003c/a>. The project actually will replace an “eight-to-10 foot high scrap metal wall with an 18-to-30 foot bollard-style wall topped off with an anti-climbing plate.” The cost will be $147 million.\u003c/p>\n\u003caside class=\"alignright\">\n\u003ch3>\u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/news/11711657/in-fight-with-chuck-and-nancy-trump-says-hed-be-proud-to-shut-down-government\">In Fight With ‘Chuck and Nancy,’ Trump Says He’d Be ‘Proud’ to Shut Down Government\u003c/a>\u003c/h3>\n\u003cfigure>\u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/news/11711657/in-fight-with-chuck-and-nancy-trump-says-hed-be-proud-to-shut-down-government\">\u003cimg decoding=\"async\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2018/12/gettyimages-10718178121_wide-066c1e0d08e9a5e3b4486732836ce5979c0a71df-1180x664.jpg\" alt=\"\">\u003c/a>\u003c/figure>\n\u003c/aside>\n\u003cp>The dramatic declines in “illegal traffic,” as the president put it, appear to reflect the long-term impact of fencing and \u003ca href=\"https://urldefense.proofpoint.com/v2/url?u=https-3A__www.brookings.edu_research_the-2Dimpact-2Dof-2Dthe-2Dgreat-2Drecession-2Don-2Dmetropolitan-2Dimmigration-2Dtrends_&d=DwMFaQ&c=E2nBno7hEddFhl23N5nD1Q&r=AJlZncBfTCNtTh4d3iqfyg&m=QL2DcceBYvyn0mEalxNj6R7o2rwBsorz-4UHr2MqbNs&s=qulxLqDzUNO93hGzkVXtaYNi4Iw7kJ1z19i5Oaq8b-A&e=\">other factors\u003c/a> that go back to the 1990s.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The larger picture is more complicated. Border apprehensions — an indicator of overall unauthorized border crossings — have declined since \u003ca href=\"https://urldefense.proofpoint.com/v2/url?u=https-3A__www.cbp.gov_sites_default_files_assets_documents_2017-2DDec_BP-2520Total-2520Monthly-2520Apps-2520by-2520Sector-2520and-2520Area-252C-2520FY2000-2DFY2017.pdf&d=DwMFaQ&c=E2nBno7hEddFhl23N5nD1Q&r=AJlZncBfTCNtTh4d3iqfyg&m=QL2DcceBYvyn0mEalxNj6R7o2rwBsorz-4UHr2MqbNs&s=fYCSG4Pb6l81WG5EeE2SBGoL6DYfODWs4UMWkhrdoao&e=\">2000,\u003c/a> when monthly totals were as high as 220,000. That same year 1.6 million unauthorized border-crossers were detained.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Spending on border protection, on technology as well as on personnel, \u003ca href=\"https://urldefense.proofpoint.com/v2/url?u=https-3A__americasvoice.org_research_charts-5Fenforcement-5Fspending-5Fand-5Fdeportation-5Flevels-5Fcontinue-5Fto-5Fskyrock_&d=DwMFaQ&c=E2nBno7hEddFhl23N5nD1Q&r=AJlZncBfTCNtTh4d3iqfyg&m=QL2DcceBYvyn0mEalxNj6R7o2rwBsorz-4UHr2MqbNs&s=ok_jEpqPPO2s2SJzDB203aFC9TGLmQ9mnAr_5GgJPy8&e=\">climbed \u003c/a>under both presidents Bush and Obama.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In \u003ca href=\"https://www.cbp.gov/newsroom/stats/sw-border-migration/fy-2018\">FY 18,\u003c/a> which ended in September, 521,090 people were apprehended at the southwest border.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>At the same time, \u003ca href=\"https://www.npr.org/2018/12/06/674434725/new-southwest-border-arrests-jump-78-percent-in-november\">monthly apprehensions are climbing\u003c/a>. More than 51,000 people were captured at the southwest border in November 2018. That’s a 78 percent increase over the same period last year. Yet it still far lower than the monthly totals in 2000.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The Pew Research Center finds that \u003ca href=\"https://www.npr.org/2018/11/27/671238799/u-s-seeing-lowest-level-of-unauthorized-immigrants-in-a-decade-says-pew-study\">far fewer Mexicans\u003c/a> are attempting to enter the U.S. and more Central Americans are making the trek, especially families with children.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Trump said:\u003c/p>\n\u003cblockquote>\u003cp>“A lot of the people that wanted to come into the country, and really, they were to come in no matter how they wanted to come in — they were going to come in even in a rough way — many of these people are leaving now and they’re going back to their countries: Honduras, Guatemala, El Salvador, and other countries. They’re leaving. If you noticed, it’s getting a lot less crowded in Mexico.”\u003c/p>\u003c/blockquote>\n\u003cp>There are preliminary reports that the migrant caravan has diminished in strength, as many have chosen to return home. As KPBS’s Jean Guerrero \u003ca href=\"https://www.npr.org/2018/12/06/674036694/location-of-new-tijuana-shelter-may-interfere-with-asylum-process\">reports\u003c/a>, “hundreds” have become disillusioned with the difficulty of entering the U.S. as asylees and have taken transport back to their native countries. Still, \u003ca href=\"https://www.npr.org/2018/12/09/675070386/asylum-seekers-rely-on-ad-hoc-group-of-migrant-coordinators\">several thousand remain\u003c/a> in Tijuana, Mexico, where they are \u003ca href=\"https://www.npr.org/2018/11/28/671429590/mexican-residents-grow-irritated-by-influx-of-central-american-migrants\">taxing local resources\u003c/a>. There’s no evidence that Mexico as a whole is getting a lot less crowded.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In a \u003ca href=\"https://twitter.com/realDonaldTrump/status/1072471575956504576\">tweet\u003c/a> before the Oval Office meeting, Trump said:\u003c/p>\n\u003cblockquote>\u003cp>“People do not yet realize how much of the Wall, including really effective renovation, has already been built. If the Democrats do not give us the votes to secure our Country, the Military will build the remaining sections of the Wall. They know how important it is!”\u003c/p>\u003c/blockquote>\n\u003cp>The Defense Department said in a statement Tuesday that while there are no current plans for the Pentagon to build the border wall, it could become involved in “border barrier projects.”\u003c/p>\n\u003caside class=\"alignright\">\n\u003ch3>\u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/news/11710249/fact-check-trump-wrong-on-illegal-immigration-costs\">FACT CHECK: Trump Wrong on Illegal Immigration Costs\u003c/a>\u003c/h3>\n\u003cfigure>\u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/news/11710249/fact-check-trump-wrong-on-illegal-immigration-costs\">\u003cimg decoding=\"async\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2018/12/GettyImages-1066361328-1180x785.jpg\" alt=\"\">\u003c/a>\u003c/figure>\n\u003c/aside>\n\u003cp>In an email to NPR’s Tom Bowman, Pentagon spokesman Lt. Col. Jamie Davis said:\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“To date, there is no plan to build sections of the wall. However, Congress has provided options under Title 10 U.S. Code that could permit the Department of Defense to fund border barrier projects, such as in support of counter drug operations or national emergencies.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Trump said:\u003c/p>\n\u003cblockquote>\u003cp>“People are pouring into our country, including terrorists. We have terrorists. We caught 10 terrorists over the last very short period of time. Ten. These are very serious people. Our border agents, all of our law enforcement has been incredible what they’ve done. But we caught 10 terrorists. These are people that were looking to do harm.”\u003c/p>\u003c/blockquote>\n\u003cp>According to statements from the Secretary of Homeland Security, Kirstjen Nielsen, the president may have underreported, or mis-reported, the number of terrorists caught at the border.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In June 2018, Nielsen \u003ca href=\"https://www.dhs.gov/news/2018/06/12/secretary-nielsen-receives-operational-briefing-israeli-security-technology-delivers\">said\u003c/a> U.S. security officials intercepted “ten known or suspected terrorists a day.” She did not say that they were caught at the southwest border.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Similarly, an official at DHS, in an e-mail to NPR, cited agency data derived from Customs and Border Protection.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad floatright]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“The data concerns individuals attempting to travel to the United States by air, sea, or land. On average last year, DHS prevented 10 individuals tied to terror—known or suspect terrorists—each day from traveling or attempting to travel to the United States. These are individuals that hit against U.S. terror watchlists. This is in addition to the 17,000 criminals and 3,000 special interest aliens that CBP apprehended at the border last year.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cdiv class=\"fullattribution\">Copyright 2018 NPR. To see more, visit https://www.npr.org.\u003cimg decoding=\"async\" src=\"https://www.google-analytics.com/__utm.gif?utmac=UA-5828686-4&utmdt=FACT+CHECK%3A+Trump+Says+%27A+Lot+Of+Wall+Has+Been+Built%27+As+He+Demands+We+Build+More&utme=8(APIKey)9(MDAxOTAwOTE4MDEyMTkxMDAzNjczZDljZA004)\">\u003c/div>\n\n",
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"excerpt": "The president is threatening a government shutdown if he doesn't get funding to build his border wall. In a meeting with Democratic leaders, he said, 'tremendous amounts of wall have been built.'",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>In an \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/news/11711657/in-fight-with-chuck-and-nancy-trump-says-hed-be-proud-to-shut-down-government\">uncommonly contentious public exchange\u003c/a> in the Oval Office with House and Senate Democratic leaders, President Trump made several remarks about the southern border with Mexico justifying his demand for billions of dollars to build a wall to restrict illegal immigration.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Trump said:\u003c/p>\n\u003cblockquote>\u003cp>“One thing that I do have to say is: Tremendous amounts of wall have already been built, and a lot of — a lot of wall. When you include the renovation of existing fences and walls, we’ve renovated a tremendous amount and we’ve done a lot of work. In San Diego, we’re building new walls right now. And we’ve — right next to San Diego, we’ve completed a major section of wall and it’s really worked well.”\u003c/p>\u003c/blockquote>\n\u003cp>After promising voters that Mexico would pay for the border wall, the president has sought $25 billion from Congress to fund the project.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Despite Republican majorities in both houses of Congress, lawmakers have not approved such funding. In 2017, the president managed to secure about $1.6 billion for border protection projects, but they are primarily for fortifying \u003ca href=\"https://www.washingtonpost.com/news/fact-checker/wp/2018/04/05/president-trump-says-his-beautiful-wall-is-being-built-nope/?utm_term=.fb77f6a06d7c\">existing border fencing\u003c/a>, not expanding the current wall.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>That appropriation by Congress did not authorize using the money for the border wall prototypes Trump has \u003ca href=\"https://www.npr.org/sections/thetwo-way/2018/03/13/593071082/trump-visits-u-s-mexico-border-to-tout-long-promised-wall\">promoted\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The president is demanding $5 billion more for wall construction. Democrats are proposing to spend $1.3 billion on border security overall.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Trump said:\u003c/p>\n\u003cblockquote>\u003cp>“If you look at San Diego, illegal traffic dropped 92 percent once the wall was up. El Paso, illegal traffic dropped 72 percent, then ultimately 95 percent, once the wall was up. In Tucson, Arizona, illegal traffic dropped 92 percent. Yuma, it dropped illegal traffic 95 to 96 percent.”\u003c/p>\u003c/blockquote>\n\u003cp>Leaving aside the semantic difference between a wall and a fence, Trump is correct that fencing in San Diego, for example, significantly reduced “illegal traffic” when originally built decades ago. It also pushed border-crossers east, away from coastal San Diego, to areas where the fencing is less robust. Partly as a result, \u003ca href=\"https://www.sandiegouniontribune.com/news/immigration/sd-me-borderwall-update-20170124-story.html\">thousands have perished\u003c/a> trying to trek through deserts and mountains.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The other locales Trump mentioned do have many miles of existing fencing that is being replaced or strengthened. To date, the fencing is a hodgepodge of projects covering about \u003ca href=\"https://www.politico.com/story/2018/03/30/trump-border-wall-mexico-492767\">650 miles.\u003c/a>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In November, the government \u003ca href=\"https://www.cbp.gov/newsroom/national-media-release/border-wall-contract-award-arizona\">announced\u003c/a> a $324 million contract for 32 miles of “primary pedestrian replacement wall” in Arizona.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>A \u003ca href=\"https://www.cbp.gov/newsroom/local-media-release/santa-teresa-border-wall-replacement-project-begin\">20-mile border wall replacement\u003c/a> project in Santa Teresa, New Mexico, was announced in April 2018. The cost is reported to be $73.3 million.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>A 6-mile “\u003ca href=\"https://www.cbp.gov/newsroom/national-media-release/border-wall-construction-project-begin-texas\">levee wall system\u003c/a>” is set for construction in Texas’s Rio Grande Valley beginning in February 2019. It will cost $145 million.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>A 14-mile “border wall construction project” along the border in San Diego was \u003ca href=\"https://www.cbp.gov/newsroom/local-media-release/border-wall-construction-project-starts-san-diego-sector\">announced in June 2018\u003c/a>. The project actually will replace an “eight-to-10 foot high scrap metal wall with an 18-to-30 foot bollard-style wall topped off with an anti-climbing plate.” The cost will be $147 million.\u003c/p>\n\u003caside class=\"alignright\">\n\u003ch3>\u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/news/11711657/in-fight-with-chuck-and-nancy-trump-says-hed-be-proud-to-shut-down-government\">In Fight With ‘Chuck and Nancy,’ Trump Says He’d Be ‘Proud’ to Shut Down Government\u003c/a>\u003c/h3>\n\u003cfigure>\u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/news/11711657/in-fight-with-chuck-and-nancy-trump-says-hed-be-proud-to-shut-down-government\">\u003cimg decoding=\"async\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2018/12/gettyimages-10718178121_wide-066c1e0d08e9a5e3b4486732836ce5979c0a71df-1180x664.jpg\" alt=\"\">\u003c/a>\u003c/figure>\n\u003c/aside>\n\u003cp>The dramatic declines in “illegal traffic,” as the president put it, appear to reflect the long-term impact of fencing and \u003ca href=\"https://urldefense.proofpoint.com/v2/url?u=https-3A__www.brookings.edu_research_the-2Dimpact-2Dof-2Dthe-2Dgreat-2Drecession-2Don-2Dmetropolitan-2Dimmigration-2Dtrends_&d=DwMFaQ&c=E2nBno7hEddFhl23N5nD1Q&r=AJlZncBfTCNtTh4d3iqfyg&m=QL2DcceBYvyn0mEalxNj6R7o2rwBsorz-4UHr2MqbNs&s=qulxLqDzUNO93hGzkVXtaYNi4Iw7kJ1z19i5Oaq8b-A&e=\">other factors\u003c/a> that go back to the 1990s.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The larger picture is more complicated. Border apprehensions — an indicator of overall unauthorized border crossings — have declined since \u003ca href=\"https://urldefense.proofpoint.com/v2/url?u=https-3A__www.cbp.gov_sites_default_files_assets_documents_2017-2DDec_BP-2520Total-2520Monthly-2520Apps-2520by-2520Sector-2520and-2520Area-252C-2520FY2000-2DFY2017.pdf&d=DwMFaQ&c=E2nBno7hEddFhl23N5nD1Q&r=AJlZncBfTCNtTh4d3iqfyg&m=QL2DcceBYvyn0mEalxNj6R7o2rwBsorz-4UHr2MqbNs&s=fYCSG4Pb6l81WG5EeE2SBGoL6DYfODWs4UMWkhrdoao&e=\">2000,\u003c/a> when monthly totals were as high as 220,000. That same year 1.6 million unauthorized border-crossers were detained.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Spending on border protection, on technology as well as on personnel, \u003ca href=\"https://urldefense.proofpoint.com/v2/url?u=https-3A__americasvoice.org_research_charts-5Fenforcement-5Fspending-5Fand-5Fdeportation-5Flevels-5Fcontinue-5Fto-5Fskyrock_&d=DwMFaQ&c=E2nBno7hEddFhl23N5nD1Q&r=AJlZncBfTCNtTh4d3iqfyg&m=QL2DcceBYvyn0mEalxNj6R7o2rwBsorz-4UHr2MqbNs&s=ok_jEpqPPO2s2SJzDB203aFC9TGLmQ9mnAr_5GgJPy8&e=\">climbed \u003c/a>under both presidents Bush and Obama.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In \u003ca href=\"https://www.cbp.gov/newsroom/stats/sw-border-migration/fy-2018\">FY 18,\u003c/a> which ended in September, 521,090 people were apprehended at the southwest border.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>At the same time, \u003ca href=\"https://www.npr.org/2018/12/06/674434725/new-southwest-border-arrests-jump-78-percent-in-november\">monthly apprehensions are climbing\u003c/a>. More than 51,000 people were captured at the southwest border in November 2018. That’s a 78 percent increase over the same period last year. Yet it still far lower than the monthly totals in 2000.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The Pew Research Center finds that \u003ca href=\"https://www.npr.org/2018/11/27/671238799/u-s-seeing-lowest-level-of-unauthorized-immigrants-in-a-decade-says-pew-study\">far fewer Mexicans\u003c/a> are attempting to enter the U.S. and more Central Americans are making the trek, especially families with children.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Trump said:\u003c/p>\n\u003cblockquote>\u003cp>“A lot of the people that wanted to come into the country, and really, they were to come in no matter how they wanted to come in — they were going to come in even in a rough way — many of these people are leaving now and they’re going back to their countries: Honduras, Guatemala, El Salvador, and other countries. They’re leaving. If you noticed, it’s getting a lot less crowded in Mexico.”\u003c/p>\u003c/blockquote>\n\u003cp>There are preliminary reports that the migrant caravan has diminished in strength, as many have chosen to return home. As KPBS’s Jean Guerrero \u003ca href=\"https://www.npr.org/2018/12/06/674036694/location-of-new-tijuana-shelter-may-interfere-with-asylum-process\">reports\u003c/a>, “hundreds” have become disillusioned with the difficulty of entering the U.S. as asylees and have taken transport back to their native countries. Still, \u003ca href=\"https://www.npr.org/2018/12/09/675070386/asylum-seekers-rely-on-ad-hoc-group-of-migrant-coordinators\">several thousand remain\u003c/a> in Tijuana, Mexico, where they are \u003ca href=\"https://www.npr.org/2018/11/28/671429590/mexican-residents-grow-irritated-by-influx-of-central-american-migrants\">taxing local resources\u003c/a>. There’s no evidence that Mexico as a whole is getting a lot less crowded.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In a \u003ca href=\"https://twitter.com/realDonaldTrump/status/1072471575956504576\">tweet\u003c/a> before the Oval Office meeting, Trump said:\u003c/p>\n\u003cblockquote>\u003cp>“People do not yet realize how much of the Wall, including really effective renovation, has already been built. If the Democrats do not give us the votes to secure our Country, the Military will build the remaining sections of the Wall. They know how important it is!”\u003c/p>\u003c/blockquote>\n\u003cp>The Defense Department said in a statement Tuesday that while there are no current plans for the Pentagon to build the border wall, it could become involved in “border barrier projects.”\u003c/p>\n\u003caside class=\"alignright\">\n\u003ch3>\u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/news/11710249/fact-check-trump-wrong-on-illegal-immigration-costs\">FACT CHECK: Trump Wrong on Illegal Immigration Costs\u003c/a>\u003c/h3>\n\u003cfigure>\u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/news/11710249/fact-check-trump-wrong-on-illegal-immigration-costs\">\u003cimg decoding=\"async\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2018/12/GettyImages-1066361328-1180x785.jpg\" alt=\"\">\u003c/a>\u003c/figure>\n\u003c/aside>\n\u003cp>In an email to NPR’s Tom Bowman, Pentagon spokesman Lt. Col. Jamie Davis said:\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“To date, there is no plan to build sections of the wall. However, Congress has provided options under Title 10 U.S. Code that could permit the Department of Defense to fund border barrier projects, such as in support of counter drug operations or national emergencies.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Trump said:\u003c/p>\n\u003cblockquote>\u003cp>“People are pouring into our country, including terrorists. We have terrorists. We caught 10 terrorists over the last very short period of time. Ten. These are very serious people. Our border agents, all of our law enforcement has been incredible what they’ve done. But we caught 10 terrorists. These are people that were looking to do harm.”\u003c/p>\u003c/blockquote>\n\u003cp>According to statements from the Secretary of Homeland Security, Kirstjen Nielsen, the president may have underreported, or mis-reported, the number of terrorists caught at the border.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In June 2018, Nielsen \u003ca href=\"https://www.dhs.gov/news/2018/06/12/secretary-nielsen-receives-operational-briefing-israeli-security-technology-delivers\">said\u003c/a> U.S. security officials intercepted “ten known or suspected terrorists a day.” She did not say that they were caught at the southwest border.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Similarly, an official at DHS, in an e-mail to NPR, cited agency data derived from Customs and Border Protection.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“The data concerns individuals attempting to travel to the United States by air, sea, or land. On average last year, DHS prevented 10 individuals tied to terror—known or suspect terrorists—each day from traveling or attempting to travel to the United States. These are individuals that hit against U.S. terror watchlists. This is in addition to the 17,000 criminals and 3,000 special interest aliens that CBP apprehended at the border last year.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cdiv class=\"fullattribution\">Copyright 2018 NPR. To see more, visit https://www.npr.org.\u003cimg decoding=\"async\" src=\"https://www.google-analytics.com/__utm.gif?utmac=UA-5828686-4&utmdt=FACT+CHECK%3A+Trump+Says+%27A+Lot+Of+Wall+Has+Been+Built%27+As+He+Demands+We+Build+More&utme=8(APIKey)9(MDAxOTAwOTE4MDEyMTkxMDAzNjczZDljZA004)\">\u003c/div>\n\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>",
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"slug": "google-ceo-says-he-leads-without-political-bias-in-congressional-testimony",
"title": "Google CEO Says He Leads 'Without Political Bias' in Congressional Testimony",
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"content": "\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Updated at 3:19 p.m. ET\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Google CEO Sundar Pichai made his public debut before Congress on Tuesday, spending much of his testimony countering Republicans’ allegations of anti-conservative bias in the company’s search results.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>He also faced scrutiny of how much data Google collects on users and on the company’s work on a \u003ca href=\"https://www.npr.org/2018/11/27/671123903/we-re-taking-a-stand-google-workers-protest-plans-for-censored-search-in-china\">censored search tool\u003c/a> for China.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Time and again, Republican lawmakers pressed Pichai on allegations of political bias in search results on Google and its video subsidiary YouTube. In a few instances, they suggested that some Google engineers might be manipulating the results to sideline views that are conservative or supportive of President Trump.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Google has long denied this, and Pichai did so repeatedly over \u003ca href=\"https://judiciary.house.gov/hearing/transparency-accountability-examining-google-and-its-data-collection-use-and-filtering-practices/\">almost four hours\u003c/a> in front of the House Judiciary Committee.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“We use a robust methodology to reflect what is being said about any given topic at any particular time,” he said. “It is in our interest to make sure we reflect what’s happening out there in the best objective manner possible. I can commit to you and I can assure you, we do it without regards to political ideology. Our algorithms do it with no notion of political sentiment.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Google’s appearance on Capitol Hill comes at a time of high scrutiny for Silicon Valley. Alphabet (Google’s parent company), Facebook, Twitter and other companies are facing a downturn of public opinion as they struggle to strike a balance between serving up content that will engage users and reeling back the spread of misinformation and conspiracy theories.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Though Democrats have decried the anti-conservative accusations as political theater without evidence, this intense political focus on tech companies has opened a door to serious conversations about regulation. In September, a Justice Department meeting originally meant to address tech’s political bias instead \u003ca href=\"https://www.npr.org/2018/09/25/651472693/attorneys-general-zoom-in-on-tech-privacy-and-power\">united state attorneys general\u003c/a> in an effort to rein in the industry.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>On Tuesday, Pichai faced pointed questions about just how much data Google collects on users, especially about their location. The AP \u003ca href=\"https://www.apnews.com/ef95c6a91eeb4d8e9dda9cad887bf211\">reported\u003c/a> earlier this year that “several Google apps and websites store user location even if users have turned off Location History.” \u003ca href=\"https://www.nytimes.com/interactive/2018/12/10/business/location-data-privacy-apps.html\">A report\u003c/a> in \u003cem>The New York Times \u003c/em>this week showed how detailed — and lucrative — location tracking can be.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Rep. Doug Collins, R-Ga., zoomed in on the scale of data gathering by Google, as one of the tech giants whose business model relies on the sale of advertising using the vast knowledge about people who use their platforms or devices. He quizzed Pichai on a few specific data points:\u003c/p>\n\u003cblockquote>\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Rep. Collins:\u003c/strong> Do you or do you not collect identifiers like name, age or address? Yes or no.\u003cbr>\n\u003cstrong>Google’s Pichai:\u003c/strong> If you’re creating an account, yes — and using an account, yes.\u003cbr>\n\u003cstrong>Collins:\u003c/strong> Specific search histories when a person types something into a search bar.\u003cbr>\n\u003cstrong>Pichai:\u003c/strong> If you have search history turned on, yes.\u003cbr>\n\u003cstrong>Collins:\u003c/strong> Device identifiers like IP address or IMEI.\u003cbr>\n\u003cstrong>Pichai:\u003c/strong> Depending on the situation, we could be collecting it, yes.\u003cbr>\n\u003cstrong>Collins:\u003c/strong> GPS signals, Wi-Fi signals, Bluetooth beacons.\u003cbr>\n\u003cstrong>Pichai: \u003c/strong>Would depend on the specifics, but there may be situations, yes.\u003cbr>\n[…]\u003cbr>\n\u003cstrong>Collins:\u003c/strong> Contents of emails and Google documents.\u003cbr>\n\u003cstrong>Pichai:\u003c/strong> We store the data, but we don’t read or look at …\u003cbr>\n\u003cstrong>Collins:\u003c/strong> But you have access to them.\u003cbr>\n\u003cstrong>Pichai:\u003c/strong> As a company we have access to them, yes.\u003c/p>\u003c/blockquote>\n\u003cp>Pichai also faced many questions by lawmakers from both parties about the company’s project — \u003ca href=\"https://www.npr.org/2018/11/27/671123903/we-re-taking-a-stand-google-workers-protest-plans-for-censored-search-in-china\">code-named Dragonfly\u003c/a> — to build a search engine adjusted to China’s censorship demands, blocking certain websites and search terms as determined by the Chinese government.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Right now, there are no plans for us to launch a search product in China,” Pichai said repeatedly. The response indicated that the plan might change in the future, though Pichai said the company would be transparent with Congress about that.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Pichai confirmed that the project was underway for a while and at one point involved more than 100 people. “We explored what a search could look like if it were to be launched in a country like China,” he said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>This would have marked a return of a censored version of Google to China, which the company exited in 2010 after \u003ca href=\"https://www.npr.org/templates/story/story.php?storyId=122540813\">tensions with Beijing\u003c/a> and a \u003ca href=\"https://www.npr.org/templates/story/story.php?storyId=5206175\">backlash in the United States\u003c/a>. The company has been facing an outcry over the work on a censored search product since it was first revealed by the website The Intercept \u003ca href=\"https://theintercept.com/2018/08/01/google-china-search-engine-censorship/\">in August\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Lawmakers did not ask Pichai about Google’s recent decision to not renew its so-called Project Maven contract with the Pentagon, following protests from employees concerned that the company’s artificial intelligence could be used for drone strikes.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Google had also decided not to bid for a $10 billion cloud-computing contract with the Defense Department, saying that Google didn’t qualify for part of the work and that the company “couldn’t be assured” that the project would align with its corporate values for artificial-intelligence work.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Earlier this year, Google’s parent company, Alphabet, decided to not send an executive to a big hearing with \u003ca href=\"https://www.npr.org/2018/09/05/644607908/facebook-twitter-heavies-set-to-appear-at-senate-hearing-google-may-be-mia\">other tech companies\u003c/a> about disinformation. Incensed by Google’s absence at the time, lawmakers had left an empty seat marked with the company’s name.\u003c/p>\n\u003cdiv class=\"fullattribution\">Copyright 2018 NPR. To see more, visit https://www.npr.org.\u003cimg decoding=\"async\" src=\"https://www.google-analytics.com/__utm.gif?utmac=UA-5828686-4&utmdt=Google+CEO+Says+He+Leads+%27Without+Political+Bias%27+In+Congressional+Testimony&utme=8(APIKey)9(MDAxOTAwOTE4MDEyMTkxMDAzNjczZDljZA004)\">\u003c/div>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Updated at 3:19 p.m. ET\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Google CEO Sundar Pichai made his public debut before Congress on Tuesday, spending much of his testimony countering Republicans’ allegations of anti-conservative bias in the company’s search results.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>He also faced scrutiny of how much data Google collects on users and on the company’s work on a \u003ca href=\"https://www.npr.org/2018/11/27/671123903/we-re-taking-a-stand-google-workers-protest-plans-for-censored-search-in-china\">censored search tool\u003c/a> for China.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Time and again, Republican lawmakers pressed Pichai on allegations of political bias in search results on Google and its video subsidiary YouTube. In a few instances, they suggested that some Google engineers might be manipulating the results to sideline views that are conservative or supportive of President Trump.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Google has long denied this, and Pichai did so repeatedly over \u003ca href=\"https://judiciary.house.gov/hearing/transparency-accountability-examining-google-and-its-data-collection-use-and-filtering-practices/\">almost four hours\u003c/a> in front of the House Judiciary Committee.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“We use a robust methodology to reflect what is being said about any given topic at any particular time,” he said. “It is in our interest to make sure we reflect what’s happening out there in the best objective manner possible. I can commit to you and I can assure you, we do it without regards to political ideology. Our algorithms do it with no notion of political sentiment.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Google’s appearance on Capitol Hill comes at a time of high scrutiny for Silicon Valley. Alphabet (Google’s parent company), Facebook, Twitter and other companies are facing a downturn of public opinion as they struggle to strike a balance between serving up content that will engage users and reeling back the spread of misinformation and conspiracy theories.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Though Democrats have decried the anti-conservative accusations as political theater without evidence, this intense political focus on tech companies has opened a door to serious conversations about regulation. In September, a Justice Department meeting originally meant to address tech’s political bias instead \u003ca href=\"https://www.npr.org/2018/09/25/651472693/attorneys-general-zoom-in-on-tech-privacy-and-power\">united state attorneys general\u003c/a> in an effort to rein in the industry.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>On Tuesday, Pichai faced pointed questions about just how much data Google collects on users, especially about their location. The AP \u003ca href=\"https://www.apnews.com/ef95c6a91eeb4d8e9dda9cad887bf211\">reported\u003c/a> earlier this year that “several Google apps and websites store user location even if users have turned off Location History.” \u003ca href=\"https://www.nytimes.com/interactive/2018/12/10/business/location-data-privacy-apps.html\">A report\u003c/a> in \u003cem>The New York Times \u003c/em>this week showed how detailed — and lucrative — location tracking can be.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Rep. Doug Collins, R-Ga., zoomed in on the scale of data gathering by Google, as one of the tech giants whose business model relies on the sale of advertising using the vast knowledge about people who use their platforms or devices. He quizzed Pichai on a few specific data points:\u003c/p>\n\u003cblockquote>\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Rep. Collins:\u003c/strong> Do you or do you not collect identifiers like name, age or address? Yes or no.\u003cbr>\n\u003cstrong>Google’s Pichai:\u003c/strong> If you’re creating an account, yes — and using an account, yes.\u003cbr>\n\u003cstrong>Collins:\u003c/strong> Specific search histories when a person types something into a search bar.\u003cbr>\n\u003cstrong>Pichai:\u003c/strong> If you have search history turned on, yes.\u003cbr>\n\u003cstrong>Collins:\u003c/strong> Device identifiers like IP address or IMEI.\u003cbr>\n\u003cstrong>Pichai:\u003c/strong> Depending on the situation, we could be collecting it, yes.\u003cbr>\n\u003cstrong>Collins:\u003c/strong> GPS signals, Wi-Fi signals, Bluetooth beacons.\u003cbr>\n\u003cstrong>Pichai: \u003c/strong>Would depend on the specifics, but there may be situations, yes.\u003cbr>\n[…]\u003cbr>\n\u003cstrong>Collins:\u003c/strong> Contents of emails and Google documents.\u003cbr>\n\u003cstrong>Pichai:\u003c/strong> We store the data, but we don’t read or look at …\u003cbr>\n\u003cstrong>Collins:\u003c/strong> But you have access to them.\u003cbr>\n\u003cstrong>Pichai:\u003c/strong> As a company we have access to them, yes.\u003c/p>\u003c/blockquote>\n\u003cp>Pichai also faced many questions by lawmakers from both parties about the company’s project — \u003ca href=\"https://www.npr.org/2018/11/27/671123903/we-re-taking-a-stand-google-workers-protest-plans-for-censored-search-in-china\">code-named Dragonfly\u003c/a> — to build a search engine adjusted to China’s censorship demands, blocking certain websites and search terms as determined by the Chinese government.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Right now, there are no plans for us to launch a search product in China,” Pichai said repeatedly. The response indicated that the plan might change in the future, though Pichai said the company would be transparent with Congress about that.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Pichai confirmed that the project was underway for a while and at one point involved more than 100 people. “We explored what a search could look like if it were to be launched in a country like China,” he said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>This would have marked a return of a censored version of Google to China, which the company exited in 2010 after \u003ca href=\"https://www.npr.org/templates/story/story.php?storyId=122540813\">tensions with Beijing\u003c/a> and a \u003ca href=\"https://www.npr.org/templates/story/story.php?storyId=5206175\">backlash in the United States\u003c/a>. The company has been facing an outcry over the work on a censored search product since it was first revealed by the website The Intercept \u003ca href=\"https://theintercept.com/2018/08/01/google-china-search-engine-censorship/\">in August\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Lawmakers did not ask Pichai about Google’s recent decision to not renew its so-called Project Maven contract with the Pentagon, following protests from employees concerned that the company’s artificial intelligence could be used for drone strikes.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"id": "city-arts",
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"info": "A one-hour radio program to hear celebrated writers, artists and thinkers address contemporary ideas and values, often discussing the creative process. Please note: tapes or transcripts are not available",
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"airtime": "SUN 1pm-2pm, TUE 10pm, WED 1am",
"meta": {
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"source": "City Arts & Lectures"
},
"link": "https://www.cityarts.net",
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"rss": "https://www.cityarts.net/feed/"
}
},
"closealltabs": {
"id": "closealltabs",
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"officialWebsiteLink": "/podcasts/closealltabs",
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"order": 1
},
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"id": "code-switch-life-kit",
"title": "Code Switch / Life Kit",
"info": "\u003cem>Code Switch\u003c/em>, which listeners will hear in the first part of the hour, has fearless and much-needed conversations about race. Hosted by journalists of color, the show tackles the subject of race head-on, exploring how it impacts every part of society — from politics and pop culture to history, sports and more.\u003cbr />\u003cbr />\u003cem>Life Kit\u003c/em>, which will be in the second part of the hour, guides you through spaces and feelings no one prepares you for — from finances to mental health, from workplace microaggressions to imposter syndrome, from relationships to parenting. The show features experts with real world experience and shares their knowledge. Because everyone needs a little help being human.\u003cbr />\u003cbr />\u003ca href=\"https://www.npr.org/podcasts/510312/codeswitch\">\u003cem>Code Switch\u003c/em> offical site and podcast\u003c/a>\u003cbr />\u003ca href=\"https://www.npr.org/lifekit\">\u003cem>Life Kit\u003c/em> offical site and podcast\u003c/a>\u003cbr />",
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"id": "commonwealth-club",
"title": "Commonwealth Club of California Podcast",
"info": "The Commonwealth Club of California is the nation's oldest and largest public affairs forum. As a non-partisan forum, The Club brings to the public airwaves diverse viewpoints on important topics. The Club's weekly radio broadcast - the oldest in the U.S., dating back to 1924 - is carried across the nation on public radio stations and is now podcasting. Our website archive features audio of our recent programs, as well as selected speeches from our long and distinguished history. This podcast feed is usually updated twice a week and is always un-edited.",
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"imageSrc": "https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/04/Commonwealth-Club-Podcast-Tile-360x360-1.jpg",
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"meta": {
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"source": "Commonwealth Club of California"
},
"link": "/radio/program/commonwealth-club",
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"google": "https://podcasts.google.com/feed/aHR0cDovL3d3dy5jb21tb253ZWFsdGhjbHViLm9yZy9hdWRpby9wb2RjYXN0L3dlZWtseS54bWw",
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"id": "forum",
"title": "Forum",
"tagline": "The conversation starts here",
"info": "KQED’s live call-in program discussing local, state, national and international issues, as well as in-depth interviews.",
"airtime": "MON-FRI 9am-11am, 10pm-11pm",
"imageSrc": "https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/04/Forum-Podcast-Tile-703x703-1.jpg",
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"source": "kqed",
"order": 9
},
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"google": "https://podcasts.google.com/feed/aHR0cHM6Ly9mZWVkcy5tZWdhcGhvbmUuZm0vS1FJTkM5NTU3MzgxNjMz",
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"meta": {
"site": "radio",
"source": "WNYC"
},
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"apple": "https://itunes.apple.com/us/podcast/freakonomics-radio/id354668519",
"tuneIn": "https://tunein.com/podcasts/WNYC-Podcasts/Freakonomics-Radio-p272293/",
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},
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"id": "fresh-air",
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"apple": "https://itunes.apple.com/WebObjects/MZStore.woa/wa/viewPodcast?s=143441&mt=2&id=214089682&at=11l79Y&ct=nprdirectory",
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"info": "A live production of NPR and WBUR Boston, in collaboration with stations across the country, Here & Now reflects the fluid world of news as it's happening in the middle of the day, with timely, in-depth news, interviews and conversation. Hosted by Robin Young, Jeremy Hobson and Tonya Mosley.",
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},
"hidden-brain": {
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"info": "Shankar Vedantam uses science and storytelling to reveal the unconscious patterns that drive human behavior, shape our choices and direct our relationships.",
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"airtime": "SUN 7pm-8pm",
"meta": {
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"source": "NPR"
},
"link": "/radio/program/hidden-brain",
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"how-i-built-this": {
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"title": "How I Built This with Guy Raz",
"info": "Guy Raz dives into the stories behind some of the world's best known companies. How I Built This weaves a narrative journey about innovators, entrepreneurs and idealists—and the movements they built.",
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"airtime": "SUN 7:30pm-8pm",
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"link": "/radio/program/how-i-built-this",
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"apple": "https://itunes.apple.com/us/podcast/how-i-built-this-with-guy-raz/id1150510297?mt=2",
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"hyphenacion": {
"id": "hyphenacion",
"title": "Hyphenación",
"tagline": "Where conversation and cultura meet",
"info": "What kind of no sabo word is Hyphenación? For us, it’s about living within a hyphenation. Like being a third-gen Mexican-American from the Texas border now living that Bay Area Chicano life. Like Xorje! Each week we bring together a couple of hyphenated Latinos to talk all about personal life choices: family, careers, relationships, belonging … everything is on the table. ",
"imageSrc": "https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2025/03/Hyphenacion_FinalAssets_PodcastTile.png",
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"officialWebsiteLink": "/podcasts/hyphenacion",
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"order": 15
},
"link": "/podcasts/hyphenacion",
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"spotify": "https://open.spotify.com/show/2p3Fifq96nw9BPcmFdIq0o?si=39209f7b25774f38",
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},
"jerrybrown": {
"id": "jerrybrown",
"title": "The Political Mind of Jerry Brown",
"tagline": "Lessons from a lifetime in politics",
"info": "The Political Mind of Jerry Brown brings listeners the wisdom of the former Governor, Mayor, and presidential candidate. Scott Shafer interviewed Brown for more than 40 hours, covering the former governor's life and half-century in the political game – and Brown has some lessons he'd like to share. ",
"imageSrc": "https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/04/The-Political-Mind-of-Jerry-Brown-Podcast-Tile-703x703-1.jpg",
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"officialWebsiteLink": "/podcasts/jerrybrown",
"meta": {
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"order": 18
},
"link": "/podcasts/jerrybrown",
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"apple": "https://itunes.apple.com/us/podcast/id1492194549",
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},
"latino-usa": {
"id": "latino-usa",
"title": "Latino USA",
"airtime": "MON 1am-2am, SUN 6pm-7pm",
"info": "Latino USA, the radio journal of news and culture, is the only national, English-language radio program produced from a Latino perspective.",
"imageSrc": "https://ww2.kqed.org/radio/wp-content/uploads/sites/50/2018/04/latinoUsa.jpg",
"officialWebsiteLink": "http://latinousa.org/",
"meta": {
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"source": "npr"
},
"link": "/radio/program/latino-usa",
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"apple": "https://itunes.apple.com/WebObjects/MZStore.woa/wa/viewPodcast?s=143441&mt=2&id=79681317&at=11l79Y&ct=nprdirectory",
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"rss": "https://feeds.npr.org/510016/podcast.xml"
}
},
"marketplace": {
"id": "marketplace",
"title": "Marketplace",
"info": "Our flagship program, helmed by Kai Ryssdal, examines what the day in money delivered, through stories, conversations, newsworthy numbers and more. Updated Monday through Friday at about 3:30 p.m. PT.",
"airtime": "MON-FRI 4pm-4:30pm, MON-WED 6:30pm-7pm",
"imageSrc": "https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/04/Marketplace-Podcast-Tile-360x360-1.jpg",
"officialWebsiteLink": "https://www.marketplace.org/",
"meta": {
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"source": "American Public Media"
},
"link": "/radio/program/marketplace",
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},
"masters-of-scale": {
"id": "masters-of-scale",
"title": "Masters of Scale",
"info": "Masters of Scale is an original podcast in which LinkedIn co-founder and Greylock Partner Reid Hoffman sets out to describe and prove theories that explain how great entrepreneurs take their companies from zero to a gazillion in ingenious fashion.",
"airtime": "Every other Wednesday June 12 through October 16 at 8pm (repeats Thursdays at 2am)",
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"officialWebsiteLink": "https://mastersofscale.com/",
"meta": {
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"source": "WaitWhat"
},
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"apple": "http://mastersofscale.app.link/",
"rss": "https://rss.art19.com/masters-of-scale"
}
},
"mindshift": {
"id": "mindshift",
"title": "MindShift",
"tagline": "A podcast about the future of learning and how we raise our kids",
"info": "The MindShift podcast explores the innovations in education that are shaping how kids learn. Hosts Ki Sung and Katrina Schwartz introduce listeners to educators, researchers, parents and students who are developing effective ways to improve how kids learn. We cover topics like how fed-up administrators are developing surprising tactics to deal with classroom disruptions; how listening to podcasts are helping kids develop reading skills; the consequences of overparenting; and why interdisciplinary learning can engage students on all ends of the traditional achievement spectrum. This podcast is part of the MindShift education site, a division of KQED News. KQED is an NPR/PBS member station based in San Francisco. You can also visit the MindShift website for episodes and supplemental blog posts or tweet us \u003ca href=\"https://twitter.com/MindShiftKQED\">@MindShiftKQED\u003c/a> or visit us at \u003ca href=\"/mindshift\">MindShift.KQED.org\u003c/a>",
"imageSrc": "https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/04/Mindshift-Podcast-Tile-703x703-1.jpg",
"imageAlt": "KQED MindShift: How We Will Learn",
"officialWebsiteLink": "/mindshift/",
"meta": {
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"source": "kqed",
"order": 12
},
"link": "/podcasts/mindshift",
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"google": "https://podcasts.google.com/feed/aHR0cHM6Ly9mZWVkcy5tZWdhcGhvbmUuZm0vS1FJTkM1NzY0NjAwNDI5",
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}
},
"morning-edition": {
"id": "morning-edition",
"title": "Morning Edition",
"info": "\u003cem>Morning Edition\u003c/em> takes listeners around the country and the world with multi-faceted stories and commentaries every weekday. Hosts Steve Inskeep, David Greene and Rachel Martin bring you the latest breaking news and features to prepare you for the day.",
"airtime": "MON-FRI 3am-9am",
"imageSrc": "https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/04/Morning-Edition-Podcast-Tile-360x360-1.jpg",
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"link": "/radio/program/morning-edition"
},
"onourwatch": {
"id": "onourwatch",
"title": "On Our Watch",
"tagline": "Deeply-reported investigative journalism",
"info": "For decades, the process for how police police themselves has been inconsistent – if not opaque. In some states, like California, these proceedings were completely hidden. After a new police transparency law unsealed scores of internal affairs files, our reporters set out to examine these cases and the shadow world of police discipline. On Our Watch brings listeners into the rooms where officers are questioned and witnesses are interrogated to find out who this system is really protecting. Is it the officers, or the public they've sworn to serve?",
"imageSrc": "https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/04/On-Our-Watch-Podcast-Tile-703x703-1.jpg",
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"officialWebsiteLink": "/podcasts/onourwatch",
"meta": {
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"source": "kqed",
"order": 11
},
"link": "/podcasts/onourwatch",
"subscribe": {
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"google": "https://podcasts.google.com/feed/aHR0cHM6Ly9mZWVkcy5ucHIub3JnLzUxMDM2MC9wb2RjYXN0LnhtbD9zYz1nb29nbGVwb2RjYXN0cw",
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},
"on-the-media": {
"id": "on-the-media",
"title": "On The Media",
"info": "Our weekly podcast explores how the media 'sausage' is made, casts an incisive eye on fluctuations in the marketplace of ideas, and examines threats to the freedom of information and expression in America and abroad. For one hour a week, the show tries to lift the veil from the process of \"making media,\" especially news media, because it's through that lens that we see the world and the world sees us",
"airtime": "SUN 2pm-3pm, MON 12am-1am",
"imageSrc": "https://ww2.kqed.org/radio/wp-content/uploads/sites/50/2018/04/onTheMedia.png",
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"meta": {
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"source": "wnyc"
},
"link": "/radio/program/on-the-media",
"subscribe": {
"apple": "https://itunes.apple.com/us/podcast/on-the-media/id73330715?mt=2",
"tuneIn": "https://tunein.com/radio/On-the-Media-p69/",
"rss": "http://feeds.wnyc.org/onthemedia"
}
},
"pbs-newshour": {
"id": "pbs-newshour",
"title": "PBS NewsHour",
"info": "Analysis, background reports and updates from the PBS NewsHour putting today's news in context.",
"airtime": "MON-FRI 3pm-4pm",
"imageSrc": "https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/04/PBS-News-Hour-Podcast-Tile-360x360-1.jpg",
"officialWebsiteLink": "https://www.pbs.org/newshour/",
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"source": "pbs"
},
"link": "/radio/program/pbs-newshour",
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"apple": "https://itunes.apple.com/us/podcast/pbs-newshour-full-show/id394432287?mt=2",
"tuneIn": "https://tunein.com/radio/PBS-NewsHour---Full-Show-p425698/",
"rss": "https://www.pbs.org/newshour/feeds/rss/podcasts/show"
}
},
"perspectives": {
"id": "perspectives",
"title": "Perspectives",
"tagline": "KQED's series of daily listener commentaries since 1991",
"info": "KQED's series of daily listener commentaries since 1991.",
"imageSrc": "https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2025/01/Perspectives_Tile_Final.jpg",
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"officialWebsiteLink": "/perspectives/",
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"source": "kqed",
"order": 14
},
"link": "/perspectives",
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