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"content": "\u003cp>The number of immigrant children being held in government custody has reached almost 15,000, putting a network of federally contracted shelters across the country near capacity.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The national network of more than 100 shelters is 92 percent full, according to the Department of Health and Human Services. The situation is forcing the government to consider a range of options, possibly including releasing children more quickly to sponsors in the United States or expanding the already crowded shelter network.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Most of the migrant children are teenage boys from Central America who travel to the border alone. Many are escaping poverty or gangs, and they plan to ask for asylum and ultimately find work or go to school in the U.S.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Waves of these so-called unaccompanied children have arrived in recent years, and the numbers are on the rise again. In November, according to Customs and Border Protection, an average of 175 unaccompanied children crossed the southern border every day.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The largest migrant youth shelter in the country is in Tornillo in remote west Texas. About 2,800 children live in heated, sand-colored tents set up on a patch of desert a few hundred yards from the Rio Grande.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c!-- iframe plugin v.4.3 wordpress.org/plugins/iframe/ -->\u003cbr>\n\u003ciframe src=\"https://www.npr.org/player/embed/676300525/676346867\" width=\"100%\" height=\"290\" frameborder=\"0\" scrolling=\"no\" is unsustainable on the table. continue to look for options that don jeopardize child safety incentive never in best interest of a especially when it extended bad mental and physical health. class=\"iframe-class\">\u003c/iframe>\u003cbr>\n is inherently a violent place. Now you have a massive detention facility where you have thousands of children detained there. It's deplorable,\" Perez said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Last month, the Office of Inspector General at Health and Human Services identified two \"significant vulnerabilities\" at Tornillo. The contractor, BCFS, did not conduct FBI fingerprint background checks on its 2,000 staffers, though it had performed routine criminal background checks. And the facility lacked enough mental health clinicians for the swelling number of children.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The nonprofit says it is addressing both deficiencies.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>BCSF officials have defended the camp, insisting that it is not a detention facility and that the employees are not guards. They say every child has access to three hot meals, snacks, education classes, medical care, soccer games, movie nights and, soon, Christmas festivities.\u003c/p>\n\u003cdiv class=\"fullattribution\">Copyright 2018 NPR. To see more, visit https://www.npr.org.\u003cimg src=\"https://www.google-analytics.com/__utm.gif?utmac=UA-5828686-4&utmdt=Almost+15%2C000+Migrant+Children+Now+Held+At+Nearly+Full+Shelters&utme=8(APIKey)9(MDAxOTAwOTE4MDEyMTkxMDAzNjczZDljZA004)\">\u003c/div>\n\n",
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"content": "\u003cp>In an \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/news/11711657/in-fight-with-chuck-and-nancy-trump-says-hed-be-proud-to-shut-down-government\">uncommonly contentious public exchange\u003c/a> in the Oval Office with House and Senate Democratic leaders, President Trump made several remarks about the southern border with Mexico justifying his demand for billions of dollars to build a wall to restrict illegal immigration.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Trump said:\u003c/p>\n\u003cblockquote>\u003cp>“One thing that I do have to say is: Tremendous amounts of wall have already been built, and a lot of — a lot of wall. When you include the renovation of existing fences and walls, we’ve renovated a tremendous amount and we’ve done a lot of work. In San Diego, we’re building new walls right now. And we’ve — right next to San Diego, we’ve completed a major section of wall and it’s really worked well.”\u003c/p>\u003c/blockquote>\n\u003cp>After promising voters that Mexico would pay for the border wall, the president has sought $25 billion from Congress to fund the project.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Despite Republican majorities in both houses of Congress, lawmakers have not approved such funding. In 2017, the president managed to secure about $1.6 billion for border protection projects, but they are primarily for fortifying \u003ca href=\"https://www.washingtonpost.com/news/fact-checker/wp/2018/04/05/president-trump-says-his-beautiful-wall-is-being-built-nope/?utm_term=.fb77f6a06d7c\">existing border fencing\u003c/a>, not expanding the current wall.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>That appropriation by Congress did not authorize using the money for the border wall prototypes Trump has \u003ca href=\"https://www.npr.org/sections/thetwo-way/2018/03/13/593071082/trump-visits-u-s-mexico-border-to-tout-long-promised-wall\">promoted\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The president is demanding $5 billion more for wall construction. Democrats are proposing to spend $1.3 billion on border security overall.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Trump said:\u003c/p>\n\u003cblockquote>\u003cp>“If you look at San Diego, illegal traffic dropped 92 percent once the wall was up. El Paso, illegal traffic dropped 72 percent, then ultimately 95 percent, once the wall was up. In Tucson, Arizona, illegal traffic dropped 92 percent. Yuma, it dropped illegal traffic 95 to 96 percent.”\u003c/p>\u003c/blockquote>\n\u003cp>Leaving aside the semantic difference between a wall and a fence, Trump is correct that fencing in San Diego, for example, significantly reduced “illegal traffic” when originally built decades ago. It also pushed border-crossers east, away from coastal San Diego, to areas where the fencing is less robust. Partly as a result, \u003ca href=\"https://www.sandiegouniontribune.com/news/immigration/sd-me-borderwall-update-20170124-story.html\">thousands have perished\u003c/a> trying to trek through deserts and mountains.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The other locales Trump mentioned do have many miles of existing fencing that is being replaced or strengthened. To date, the fencing is a hodgepodge of projects covering about \u003ca href=\"https://www.politico.com/story/2018/03/30/trump-border-wall-mexico-492767\">650 miles.\u003c/a>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In November, the government \u003ca href=\"https://www.cbp.gov/newsroom/national-media-release/border-wall-contract-award-arizona\">announced\u003c/a> a $324 million contract for 32 miles of “primary pedestrian replacement wall” in Arizona.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>A \u003ca href=\"https://www.cbp.gov/newsroom/local-media-release/santa-teresa-border-wall-replacement-project-begin\">20-mile border wall replacement\u003c/a> project in Santa Teresa, New Mexico, was announced in April 2018. The cost is reported to be $73.3 million.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>A 6-mile “\u003ca href=\"https://www.cbp.gov/newsroom/national-media-release/border-wall-construction-project-begin-texas\">levee wall system\u003c/a>” is set for construction in Texas’s Rio Grande Valley beginning in February 2019. It will cost $145 million.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>A 14-mile “border wall construction project” along the border in San Diego was \u003ca href=\"https://www.cbp.gov/newsroom/local-media-release/border-wall-construction-project-starts-san-diego-sector\">announced in June 2018\u003c/a>. The project actually will replace an “eight-to-10 foot high scrap metal wall with an 18-to-30 foot bollard-style wall topped off with an anti-climbing plate.” The cost will be $147 million.\u003c/p>\n\u003caside class=\"alignright\">\n\u003ch3>\u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/news/11711657/in-fight-with-chuck-and-nancy-trump-says-hed-be-proud-to-shut-down-government\">In Fight With ‘Chuck and Nancy,’ Trump Says He’d Be ‘Proud’ to Shut Down Government\u003c/a>\u003c/h3>\n\u003cfigure>\u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/news/11711657/in-fight-with-chuck-and-nancy-trump-says-hed-be-proud-to-shut-down-government\">\u003cimg decoding=\"async\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2018/12/gettyimages-10718178121_wide-066c1e0d08e9a5e3b4486732836ce5979c0a71df-1180x664.jpg\" alt=\"\">\u003c/a>\u003c/figure>\n\u003c/aside>\n\u003cp>The dramatic declines in “illegal traffic,” as the president put it, appear to reflect the long-term impact of fencing and \u003ca href=\"https://urldefense.proofpoint.com/v2/url?u=https-3A__www.brookings.edu_research_the-2Dimpact-2Dof-2Dthe-2Dgreat-2Drecession-2Don-2Dmetropolitan-2Dimmigration-2Dtrends_&d=DwMFaQ&c=E2nBno7hEddFhl23N5nD1Q&r=AJlZncBfTCNtTh4d3iqfyg&m=QL2DcceBYvyn0mEalxNj6R7o2rwBsorz-4UHr2MqbNs&s=qulxLqDzUNO93hGzkVXtaYNi4Iw7kJ1z19i5Oaq8b-A&e=\">other factors\u003c/a> that go back to the 1990s.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The larger picture is more complicated. Border apprehensions — an indicator of overall unauthorized border crossings — have declined since \u003ca href=\"https://urldefense.proofpoint.com/v2/url?u=https-3A__www.cbp.gov_sites_default_files_assets_documents_2017-2DDec_BP-2520Total-2520Monthly-2520Apps-2520by-2520Sector-2520and-2520Area-252C-2520FY2000-2DFY2017.pdf&d=DwMFaQ&c=E2nBno7hEddFhl23N5nD1Q&r=AJlZncBfTCNtTh4d3iqfyg&m=QL2DcceBYvyn0mEalxNj6R7o2rwBsorz-4UHr2MqbNs&s=fYCSG4Pb6l81WG5EeE2SBGoL6DYfODWs4UMWkhrdoao&e=\">2000,\u003c/a> when monthly totals were as high as 220,000. That same year 1.6 million unauthorized border-crossers were detained.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Spending on border protection, on technology as well as on personnel, \u003ca href=\"https://urldefense.proofpoint.com/v2/url?u=https-3A__americasvoice.org_research_charts-5Fenforcement-5Fspending-5Fand-5Fdeportation-5Flevels-5Fcontinue-5Fto-5Fskyrock_&d=DwMFaQ&c=E2nBno7hEddFhl23N5nD1Q&r=AJlZncBfTCNtTh4d3iqfyg&m=QL2DcceBYvyn0mEalxNj6R7o2rwBsorz-4UHr2MqbNs&s=ok_jEpqPPO2s2SJzDB203aFC9TGLmQ9mnAr_5GgJPy8&e=\">climbed \u003c/a>under both presidents Bush and Obama.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In \u003ca href=\"https://www.cbp.gov/newsroom/stats/sw-border-migration/fy-2018\">FY 18,\u003c/a> which ended in September, 521,090 people were apprehended at the southwest border.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>At the same time, \u003ca href=\"https://www.npr.org/2018/12/06/674434725/new-southwest-border-arrests-jump-78-percent-in-november\">monthly apprehensions are climbing\u003c/a>. More than 51,000 people were captured at the southwest border in November 2018. That’s a 78 percent increase over the same period last year. Yet it still far lower than the monthly totals in 2000.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The Pew Research Center finds that \u003ca href=\"https://www.npr.org/2018/11/27/671238799/u-s-seeing-lowest-level-of-unauthorized-immigrants-in-a-decade-says-pew-study\">far fewer Mexicans\u003c/a> are attempting to enter the U.S. and more Central Americans are making the trek, especially families with children.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Trump said:\u003c/p>\n\u003cblockquote>\u003cp>“A lot of the people that wanted to come into the country, and really, they were to come in no matter how they wanted to come in — they were going to come in even in a rough way — many of these people are leaving now and they’re going back to their countries: Honduras, Guatemala, El Salvador, and other countries. They’re leaving. If you noticed, it’s getting a lot less crowded in Mexico.”\u003c/p>\u003c/blockquote>\n\u003cp>There are preliminary reports that the migrant caravan has diminished in strength, as many have chosen to return home. As KPBS’s Jean Guerrero \u003ca href=\"https://www.npr.org/2018/12/06/674036694/location-of-new-tijuana-shelter-may-interfere-with-asylum-process\">reports\u003c/a>, “hundreds” have become disillusioned with the difficulty of entering the U.S. as asylees and have taken transport back to their native countries. Still, \u003ca href=\"https://www.npr.org/2018/12/09/675070386/asylum-seekers-rely-on-ad-hoc-group-of-migrant-coordinators\">several thousand remain\u003c/a> in Tijuana, Mexico, where they are \u003ca href=\"https://www.npr.org/2018/11/28/671429590/mexican-residents-grow-irritated-by-influx-of-central-american-migrants\">taxing local resources\u003c/a>. There’s no evidence that Mexico as a whole is getting a lot less crowded.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In a \u003ca href=\"https://twitter.com/realDonaldTrump/status/1072471575956504576\">tweet\u003c/a> before the Oval Office meeting, Trump said:\u003c/p>\n\u003cblockquote>\u003cp>“People do not yet realize how much of the Wall, including really effective renovation, has already been built. If the Democrats do not give us the votes to secure our Country, the Military will build the remaining sections of the Wall. They know how important it is!”\u003c/p>\u003c/blockquote>\n\u003cp>The Defense Department said in a statement Tuesday that while there are no current plans for the Pentagon to build the border wall, it could become involved in “border barrier projects.”\u003c/p>\n\u003caside class=\"alignright\">\n\u003ch3>\u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/news/11710249/fact-check-trump-wrong-on-illegal-immigration-costs\">FACT CHECK: Trump Wrong on Illegal Immigration Costs\u003c/a>\u003c/h3>\n\u003cfigure>\u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/news/11710249/fact-check-trump-wrong-on-illegal-immigration-costs\">\u003cimg decoding=\"async\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2018/12/GettyImages-1066361328-1180x785.jpg\" alt=\"\">\u003c/a>\u003c/figure>\n\u003c/aside>\n\u003cp>In an email to NPR’s Tom Bowman, Pentagon spokesman Lt. Col. Jamie Davis said:\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“To date, there is no plan to build sections of the wall. However, Congress has provided options under Title 10 U.S. Code that could permit the Department of Defense to fund border barrier projects, such as in support of counter drug operations or national emergencies.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Trump said:\u003c/p>\n\u003cblockquote>\u003cp>“People are pouring into our country, including terrorists. We have terrorists. We caught 10 terrorists over the last very short period of time. Ten. These are very serious people. Our border agents, all of our law enforcement has been incredible what they’ve done. But we caught 10 terrorists. These are people that were looking to do harm.”\u003c/p>\u003c/blockquote>\n\u003cp>According to statements from the Secretary of Homeland Security, Kirstjen Nielsen, the president may have underreported, or mis-reported, the number of terrorists caught at the border.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In June 2018, Nielsen \u003ca href=\"https://www.dhs.gov/news/2018/06/12/secretary-nielsen-receives-operational-briefing-israeli-security-technology-delivers\">said\u003c/a> U.S. security officials intercepted “ten known or suspected terrorists a day.” She did not say that they were caught at the southwest border.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Similarly, an official at DHS, in an e-mail to NPR, cited agency data derived from Customs and Border Protection.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad floatright]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“The data concerns individuals attempting to travel to the United States by air, sea, or land. On average last year, DHS prevented 10 individuals tied to terror—known or suspect terrorists—each day from traveling or attempting to travel to the United States. These are individuals that hit against U.S. terror watchlists. This is in addition to the 17,000 criminals and 3,000 special interest aliens that CBP apprehended at the border last year.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cdiv class=\"fullattribution\">Copyright 2018 NPR. To see more, visit https://www.npr.org.\u003cimg decoding=\"async\" src=\"https://www.google-analytics.com/__utm.gif?utmac=UA-5828686-4&utmdt=FACT+CHECK%3A+Trump+Says+%27A+Lot+Of+Wall+Has+Been+Built%27+As+He+Demands+We+Build+More&utme=8(APIKey)9(MDAxOTAwOTE4MDEyMTkxMDAzNjczZDljZA004)\">\u003c/div>\n\n",
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"excerpt": "The president is threatening a government shutdown if he doesn't get funding to build his border wall. In a meeting with Democratic leaders, he said, 'tremendous amounts of wall have been built.'",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>In an \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/news/11711657/in-fight-with-chuck-and-nancy-trump-says-hed-be-proud-to-shut-down-government\">uncommonly contentious public exchange\u003c/a> in the Oval Office with House and Senate Democratic leaders, President Trump made several remarks about the southern border with Mexico justifying his demand for billions of dollars to build a wall to restrict illegal immigration.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Trump said:\u003c/p>\n\u003cblockquote>\u003cp>“One thing that I do have to say is: Tremendous amounts of wall have already been built, and a lot of — a lot of wall. When you include the renovation of existing fences and walls, we’ve renovated a tremendous amount and we’ve done a lot of work. In San Diego, we’re building new walls right now. And we’ve — right next to San Diego, we’ve completed a major section of wall and it’s really worked well.”\u003c/p>\u003c/blockquote>\n\u003cp>After promising voters that Mexico would pay for the border wall, the president has sought $25 billion from Congress to fund the project.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Despite Republican majorities in both houses of Congress, lawmakers have not approved such funding. In 2017, the president managed to secure about $1.6 billion for border protection projects, but they are primarily for fortifying \u003ca href=\"https://www.washingtonpost.com/news/fact-checker/wp/2018/04/05/president-trump-says-his-beautiful-wall-is-being-built-nope/?utm_term=.fb77f6a06d7c\">existing border fencing\u003c/a>, not expanding the current wall.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>That appropriation by Congress did not authorize using the money for the border wall prototypes Trump has \u003ca href=\"https://www.npr.org/sections/thetwo-way/2018/03/13/593071082/trump-visits-u-s-mexico-border-to-tout-long-promised-wall\">promoted\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The president is demanding $5 billion more for wall construction. Democrats are proposing to spend $1.3 billion on border security overall.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Trump said:\u003c/p>\n\u003cblockquote>\u003cp>“If you look at San Diego, illegal traffic dropped 92 percent once the wall was up. El Paso, illegal traffic dropped 72 percent, then ultimately 95 percent, once the wall was up. In Tucson, Arizona, illegal traffic dropped 92 percent. Yuma, it dropped illegal traffic 95 to 96 percent.”\u003c/p>\u003c/blockquote>\n\u003cp>Leaving aside the semantic difference between a wall and a fence, Trump is correct that fencing in San Diego, for example, significantly reduced “illegal traffic” when originally built decades ago. It also pushed border-crossers east, away from coastal San Diego, to areas where the fencing is less robust. Partly as a result, \u003ca href=\"https://www.sandiegouniontribune.com/news/immigration/sd-me-borderwall-update-20170124-story.html\">thousands have perished\u003c/a> trying to trek through deserts and mountains.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The other locales Trump mentioned do have many miles of existing fencing that is being replaced or strengthened. To date, the fencing is a hodgepodge of projects covering about \u003ca href=\"https://www.politico.com/story/2018/03/30/trump-border-wall-mexico-492767\">650 miles.\u003c/a>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In November, the government \u003ca href=\"https://www.cbp.gov/newsroom/national-media-release/border-wall-contract-award-arizona\">announced\u003c/a> a $324 million contract for 32 miles of “primary pedestrian replacement wall” in Arizona.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>A \u003ca href=\"https://www.cbp.gov/newsroom/local-media-release/santa-teresa-border-wall-replacement-project-begin\">20-mile border wall replacement\u003c/a> project in Santa Teresa, New Mexico, was announced in April 2018. The cost is reported to be $73.3 million.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>A 6-mile “\u003ca href=\"https://www.cbp.gov/newsroom/national-media-release/border-wall-construction-project-begin-texas\">levee wall system\u003c/a>” is set for construction in Texas’s Rio Grande Valley beginning in February 2019. It will cost $145 million.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>A 14-mile “border wall construction project” along the border in San Diego was \u003ca href=\"https://www.cbp.gov/newsroom/local-media-release/border-wall-construction-project-starts-san-diego-sector\">announced in June 2018\u003c/a>. The project actually will replace an “eight-to-10 foot high scrap metal wall with an 18-to-30 foot bollard-style wall topped off with an anti-climbing plate.” The cost will be $147 million.\u003c/p>\n\u003caside class=\"alignright\">\n\u003ch3>\u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/news/11711657/in-fight-with-chuck-and-nancy-trump-says-hed-be-proud-to-shut-down-government\">In Fight With ‘Chuck and Nancy,’ Trump Says He’d Be ‘Proud’ to Shut Down Government\u003c/a>\u003c/h3>\n\u003cfigure>\u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/news/11711657/in-fight-with-chuck-and-nancy-trump-says-hed-be-proud-to-shut-down-government\">\u003cimg decoding=\"async\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2018/12/gettyimages-10718178121_wide-066c1e0d08e9a5e3b4486732836ce5979c0a71df-1180x664.jpg\" alt=\"\">\u003c/a>\u003c/figure>\n\u003c/aside>\n\u003cp>The dramatic declines in “illegal traffic,” as the president put it, appear to reflect the long-term impact of fencing and \u003ca href=\"https://urldefense.proofpoint.com/v2/url?u=https-3A__www.brookings.edu_research_the-2Dimpact-2Dof-2Dthe-2Dgreat-2Drecession-2Don-2Dmetropolitan-2Dimmigration-2Dtrends_&d=DwMFaQ&c=E2nBno7hEddFhl23N5nD1Q&r=AJlZncBfTCNtTh4d3iqfyg&m=QL2DcceBYvyn0mEalxNj6R7o2rwBsorz-4UHr2MqbNs&s=qulxLqDzUNO93hGzkVXtaYNi4Iw7kJ1z19i5Oaq8b-A&e=\">other factors\u003c/a> that go back to the 1990s.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The larger picture is more complicated. Border apprehensions — an indicator of overall unauthorized border crossings — have declined since \u003ca href=\"https://urldefense.proofpoint.com/v2/url?u=https-3A__www.cbp.gov_sites_default_files_assets_documents_2017-2DDec_BP-2520Total-2520Monthly-2520Apps-2520by-2520Sector-2520and-2520Area-252C-2520FY2000-2DFY2017.pdf&d=DwMFaQ&c=E2nBno7hEddFhl23N5nD1Q&r=AJlZncBfTCNtTh4d3iqfyg&m=QL2DcceBYvyn0mEalxNj6R7o2rwBsorz-4UHr2MqbNs&s=fYCSG4Pb6l81WG5EeE2SBGoL6DYfODWs4UMWkhrdoao&e=\">2000,\u003c/a> when monthly totals were as high as 220,000. That same year 1.6 million unauthorized border-crossers were detained.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Spending on border protection, on technology as well as on personnel, \u003ca href=\"https://urldefense.proofpoint.com/v2/url?u=https-3A__americasvoice.org_research_charts-5Fenforcement-5Fspending-5Fand-5Fdeportation-5Flevels-5Fcontinue-5Fto-5Fskyrock_&d=DwMFaQ&c=E2nBno7hEddFhl23N5nD1Q&r=AJlZncBfTCNtTh4d3iqfyg&m=QL2DcceBYvyn0mEalxNj6R7o2rwBsorz-4UHr2MqbNs&s=ok_jEpqPPO2s2SJzDB203aFC9TGLmQ9mnAr_5GgJPy8&e=\">climbed \u003c/a>under both presidents Bush and Obama.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In \u003ca href=\"https://www.cbp.gov/newsroom/stats/sw-border-migration/fy-2018\">FY 18,\u003c/a> which ended in September, 521,090 people were apprehended at the southwest border.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>At the same time, \u003ca href=\"https://www.npr.org/2018/12/06/674434725/new-southwest-border-arrests-jump-78-percent-in-november\">monthly apprehensions are climbing\u003c/a>. More than 51,000 people were captured at the southwest border in November 2018. That’s a 78 percent increase over the same period last year. Yet it still far lower than the monthly totals in 2000.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The Pew Research Center finds that \u003ca href=\"https://www.npr.org/2018/11/27/671238799/u-s-seeing-lowest-level-of-unauthorized-immigrants-in-a-decade-says-pew-study\">far fewer Mexicans\u003c/a> are attempting to enter the U.S. and more Central Americans are making the trek, especially families with children.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Trump said:\u003c/p>\n\u003cblockquote>\u003cp>“A lot of the people that wanted to come into the country, and really, they were to come in no matter how they wanted to come in — they were going to come in even in a rough way — many of these people are leaving now and they’re going back to their countries: Honduras, Guatemala, El Salvador, and other countries. They’re leaving. If you noticed, it’s getting a lot less crowded in Mexico.”\u003c/p>\u003c/blockquote>\n\u003cp>There are preliminary reports that the migrant caravan has diminished in strength, as many have chosen to return home. As KPBS’s Jean Guerrero \u003ca href=\"https://www.npr.org/2018/12/06/674036694/location-of-new-tijuana-shelter-may-interfere-with-asylum-process\">reports\u003c/a>, “hundreds” have become disillusioned with the difficulty of entering the U.S. as asylees and have taken transport back to their native countries. Still, \u003ca href=\"https://www.npr.org/2018/12/09/675070386/asylum-seekers-rely-on-ad-hoc-group-of-migrant-coordinators\">several thousand remain\u003c/a> in Tijuana, Mexico, where they are \u003ca href=\"https://www.npr.org/2018/11/28/671429590/mexican-residents-grow-irritated-by-influx-of-central-american-migrants\">taxing local resources\u003c/a>. There’s no evidence that Mexico as a whole is getting a lot less crowded.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In a \u003ca href=\"https://twitter.com/realDonaldTrump/status/1072471575956504576\">tweet\u003c/a> before the Oval Office meeting, Trump said:\u003c/p>\n\u003cblockquote>\u003cp>“People do not yet realize how much of the Wall, including really effective renovation, has already been built. If the Democrats do not give us the votes to secure our Country, the Military will build the remaining sections of the Wall. They know how important it is!”\u003c/p>\u003c/blockquote>\n\u003cp>The Defense Department said in a statement Tuesday that while there are no current plans for the Pentagon to build the border wall, it could become involved in “border barrier projects.”\u003c/p>\n\u003caside class=\"alignright\">\n\u003ch3>\u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/news/11710249/fact-check-trump-wrong-on-illegal-immigration-costs\">FACT CHECK: Trump Wrong on Illegal Immigration Costs\u003c/a>\u003c/h3>\n\u003cfigure>\u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/news/11710249/fact-check-trump-wrong-on-illegal-immigration-costs\">\u003cimg decoding=\"async\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2018/12/GettyImages-1066361328-1180x785.jpg\" alt=\"\">\u003c/a>\u003c/figure>\n\u003c/aside>\n\u003cp>In an email to NPR’s Tom Bowman, Pentagon spokesman Lt. Col. Jamie Davis said:\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“To date, there is no plan to build sections of the wall. However, Congress has provided options under Title 10 U.S. Code that could permit the Department of Defense to fund border barrier projects, such as in support of counter drug operations or national emergencies.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Trump said:\u003c/p>\n\u003cblockquote>\u003cp>“People are pouring into our country, including terrorists. We have terrorists. We caught 10 terrorists over the last very short period of time. Ten. These are very serious people. Our border agents, all of our law enforcement has been incredible what they’ve done. But we caught 10 terrorists. These are people that were looking to do harm.”\u003c/p>\u003c/blockquote>\n\u003cp>According to statements from the Secretary of Homeland Security, Kirstjen Nielsen, the president may have underreported, or mis-reported, the number of terrorists caught at the border.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In June 2018, Nielsen \u003ca href=\"https://www.dhs.gov/news/2018/06/12/secretary-nielsen-receives-operational-briefing-israeli-security-technology-delivers\">said\u003c/a> U.S. security officials intercepted “ten known or suspected terrorists a day.” She did not say that they were caught at the southwest border.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Similarly, an official at DHS, in an e-mail to NPR, cited agency data derived from Customs and Border Protection.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“The data concerns individuals attempting to travel to the United States by air, sea, or land. On average last year, DHS prevented 10 individuals tied to terror—known or suspect terrorists—each day from traveling or attempting to travel to the United States. These are individuals that hit against U.S. terror watchlists. This is in addition to the 17,000 criminals and 3,000 special interest aliens that CBP apprehended at the border last year.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cdiv class=\"fullattribution\">Copyright 2018 NPR. To see more, visit https://www.npr.org.\u003cimg decoding=\"async\" src=\"https://www.google-analytics.com/__utm.gif?utmac=UA-5828686-4&utmdt=FACT+CHECK%3A+Trump+Says+%27A+Lot+Of+Wall+Has+Been+Built%27+As+He+Demands+We+Build+More&utme=8(APIKey)9(MDAxOTAwOTE4MDEyMTkxMDAzNjczZDljZA004)\">\u003c/div>\n\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>",
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"title": "Google CEO Says He Leads 'Without Political Bias' in Congressional Testimony",
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"content": "\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Updated at 3:19 p.m. ET\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Google CEO Sundar Pichai made his public debut before Congress on Tuesday, spending much of his testimony countering Republicans’ allegations of anti-conservative bias in the company’s search results.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>He also faced scrutiny of how much data Google collects on users and on the company’s work on a \u003ca href=\"https://www.npr.org/2018/11/27/671123903/we-re-taking-a-stand-google-workers-protest-plans-for-censored-search-in-china\">censored search tool\u003c/a> for China.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Time and again, Republican lawmakers pressed Pichai on allegations of political bias in search results on Google and its video subsidiary YouTube. In a few instances, they suggested that some Google engineers might be manipulating the results to sideline views that are conservative or supportive of President Trump.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Google has long denied this, and Pichai did so repeatedly over \u003ca href=\"https://judiciary.house.gov/hearing/transparency-accountability-examining-google-and-its-data-collection-use-and-filtering-practices/\">almost four hours\u003c/a> in front of the House Judiciary Committee.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“We use a robust methodology to reflect what is being said about any given topic at any particular time,” he said. “It is in our interest to make sure we reflect what’s happening out there in the best objective manner possible. I can commit to you and I can assure you, we do it without regards to political ideology. Our algorithms do it with no notion of political sentiment.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Google’s appearance on Capitol Hill comes at a time of high scrutiny for Silicon Valley. Alphabet (Google’s parent company), Facebook, Twitter and other companies are facing a downturn of public opinion as they struggle to strike a balance between serving up content that will engage users and reeling back the spread of misinformation and conspiracy theories.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Though Democrats have decried the anti-conservative accusations as political theater without evidence, this intense political focus on tech companies has opened a door to serious conversations about regulation. In September, a Justice Department meeting originally meant to address tech’s political bias instead \u003ca href=\"https://www.npr.org/2018/09/25/651472693/attorneys-general-zoom-in-on-tech-privacy-and-power\">united state attorneys general\u003c/a> in an effort to rein in the industry.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>On Tuesday, Pichai faced pointed questions about just how much data Google collects on users, especially about their location. The AP \u003ca href=\"https://www.apnews.com/ef95c6a91eeb4d8e9dda9cad887bf211\">reported\u003c/a> earlier this year that “several Google apps and websites store user location even if users have turned off Location History.” \u003ca href=\"https://www.nytimes.com/interactive/2018/12/10/business/location-data-privacy-apps.html\">A report\u003c/a> in \u003cem>The New York Times \u003c/em>this week showed how detailed — and lucrative — location tracking can be.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Rep. Doug Collins, R-Ga., zoomed in on the scale of data gathering by Google, as one of the tech giants whose business model relies on the sale of advertising using the vast knowledge about people who use their platforms or devices. He quizzed Pichai on a few specific data points:\u003c/p>\n\u003cblockquote>\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Rep. Collins:\u003c/strong> Do you or do you not collect identifiers like name, age or address? Yes or no.\u003cbr>\n\u003cstrong>Google’s Pichai:\u003c/strong> If you’re creating an account, yes — and using an account, yes.\u003cbr>\n\u003cstrong>Collins:\u003c/strong> Specific search histories when a person types something into a search bar.\u003cbr>\n\u003cstrong>Pichai:\u003c/strong> If you have search history turned on, yes.\u003cbr>\n\u003cstrong>Collins:\u003c/strong> Device identifiers like IP address or IMEI.\u003cbr>\n\u003cstrong>Pichai:\u003c/strong> Depending on the situation, we could be collecting it, yes.\u003cbr>\n\u003cstrong>Collins:\u003c/strong> GPS signals, Wi-Fi signals, Bluetooth beacons.\u003cbr>\n\u003cstrong>Pichai: \u003c/strong>Would depend on the specifics, but there may be situations, yes.\u003cbr>\n[…]\u003cbr>\n\u003cstrong>Collins:\u003c/strong> Contents of emails and Google documents.\u003cbr>\n\u003cstrong>Pichai:\u003c/strong> We store the data, but we don’t read or look at …\u003cbr>\n\u003cstrong>Collins:\u003c/strong> But you have access to them.\u003cbr>\n\u003cstrong>Pichai:\u003c/strong> As a company we have access to them, yes.\u003c/p>\u003c/blockquote>\n\u003cp>Pichai also faced many questions by lawmakers from both parties about the company’s project — \u003ca href=\"https://www.npr.org/2018/11/27/671123903/we-re-taking-a-stand-google-workers-protest-plans-for-censored-search-in-china\">code-named Dragonfly\u003c/a> — to build a search engine adjusted to China’s censorship demands, blocking certain websites and search terms as determined by the Chinese government.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Right now, there are no plans for us to launch a search product in China,” Pichai said repeatedly. The response indicated that the plan might change in the future, though Pichai said the company would be transparent with Congress about that.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Pichai confirmed that the project was underway for a while and at one point involved more than 100 people. “We explored what a search could look like if it were to be launched in a country like China,” he said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>This would have marked a return of a censored version of Google to China, which the company exited in 2010 after \u003ca href=\"https://www.npr.org/templates/story/story.php?storyId=122540813\">tensions with Beijing\u003c/a> and a \u003ca href=\"https://www.npr.org/templates/story/story.php?storyId=5206175\">backlash in the United States\u003c/a>. The company has been facing an outcry over the work on a censored search product since it was first revealed by the website The Intercept \u003ca href=\"https://theintercept.com/2018/08/01/google-china-search-engine-censorship/\">in August\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Lawmakers did not ask Pichai about Google’s recent decision to not renew its so-called Project Maven contract with the Pentagon, following protests from employees concerned that the company’s artificial intelligence could be used for drone strikes.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Google had also decided not to bid for a $10 billion cloud-computing contract with the Defense Department, saying that Google didn’t qualify for part of the work and that the company “couldn’t be assured” that the project would align with its corporate values for artificial-intelligence work.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Earlier this year, Google’s parent company, Alphabet, decided to not send an executive to a big hearing with \u003ca href=\"https://www.npr.org/2018/09/05/644607908/facebook-twitter-heavies-set-to-appear-at-senate-hearing-google-may-be-mia\">other tech companies\u003c/a> about disinformation. Incensed by Google’s absence at the time, lawmakers had left an empty seat marked with the company’s name.\u003c/p>\n\u003cdiv class=\"fullattribution\">Copyright 2018 NPR. To see more, visit https://www.npr.org.\u003cimg decoding=\"async\" src=\"https://www.google-analytics.com/__utm.gif?utmac=UA-5828686-4&utmdt=Google+CEO+Says+He+Leads+%27Without+Political+Bias%27+In+Congressional+Testimony&utme=8(APIKey)9(MDAxOTAwOTE4MDEyMTkxMDAzNjczZDljZA004)\">\u003c/div>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Updated at 3:19 p.m. ET\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Google CEO Sundar Pichai made his public debut before Congress on Tuesday, spending much of his testimony countering Republicans’ allegations of anti-conservative bias in the company’s search results.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>He also faced scrutiny of how much data Google collects on users and on the company’s work on a \u003ca href=\"https://www.npr.org/2018/11/27/671123903/we-re-taking-a-stand-google-workers-protest-plans-for-censored-search-in-china\">censored search tool\u003c/a> for China.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Time and again, Republican lawmakers pressed Pichai on allegations of political bias in search results on Google and its video subsidiary YouTube. In a few instances, they suggested that some Google engineers might be manipulating the results to sideline views that are conservative or supportive of President Trump.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Google has long denied this, and Pichai did so repeatedly over \u003ca href=\"https://judiciary.house.gov/hearing/transparency-accountability-examining-google-and-its-data-collection-use-and-filtering-practices/\">almost four hours\u003c/a> in front of the House Judiciary Committee.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“We use a robust methodology to reflect what is being said about any given topic at any particular time,” he said. “It is in our interest to make sure we reflect what’s happening out there in the best objective manner possible. I can commit to you and I can assure you, we do it without regards to political ideology. Our algorithms do it with no notion of political sentiment.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Google’s appearance on Capitol Hill comes at a time of high scrutiny for Silicon Valley. Alphabet (Google’s parent company), Facebook, Twitter and other companies are facing a downturn of public opinion as they struggle to strike a balance between serving up content that will engage users and reeling back the spread of misinformation and conspiracy theories.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Though Democrats have decried the anti-conservative accusations as political theater without evidence, this intense political focus on tech companies has opened a door to serious conversations about regulation. In September, a Justice Department meeting originally meant to address tech’s political bias instead \u003ca href=\"https://www.npr.org/2018/09/25/651472693/attorneys-general-zoom-in-on-tech-privacy-and-power\">united state attorneys general\u003c/a> in an effort to rein in the industry.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>On Tuesday, Pichai faced pointed questions about just how much data Google collects on users, especially about their location. The AP \u003ca href=\"https://www.apnews.com/ef95c6a91eeb4d8e9dda9cad887bf211\">reported\u003c/a> earlier this year that “several Google apps and websites store user location even if users have turned off Location History.” \u003ca href=\"https://www.nytimes.com/interactive/2018/12/10/business/location-data-privacy-apps.html\">A report\u003c/a> in \u003cem>The New York Times \u003c/em>this week showed how detailed — and lucrative — location tracking can be.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Rep. Doug Collins, R-Ga., zoomed in on the scale of data gathering by Google, as one of the tech giants whose business model relies on the sale of advertising using the vast knowledge about people who use their platforms or devices. He quizzed Pichai on a few specific data points:\u003c/p>\n\u003cblockquote>\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Rep. Collins:\u003c/strong> Do you or do you not collect identifiers like name, age or address? Yes or no.\u003cbr>\n\u003cstrong>Google’s Pichai:\u003c/strong> If you’re creating an account, yes — and using an account, yes.\u003cbr>\n\u003cstrong>Collins:\u003c/strong> Specific search histories when a person types something into a search bar.\u003cbr>\n\u003cstrong>Pichai:\u003c/strong> If you have search history turned on, yes.\u003cbr>\n\u003cstrong>Collins:\u003c/strong> Device identifiers like IP address or IMEI.\u003cbr>\n\u003cstrong>Pichai:\u003c/strong> Depending on the situation, we could be collecting it, yes.\u003cbr>\n\u003cstrong>Collins:\u003c/strong> GPS signals, Wi-Fi signals, Bluetooth beacons.\u003cbr>\n\u003cstrong>Pichai: \u003c/strong>Would depend on the specifics, but there may be situations, yes.\u003cbr>\n[…]\u003cbr>\n\u003cstrong>Collins:\u003c/strong> Contents of emails and Google documents.\u003cbr>\n\u003cstrong>Pichai:\u003c/strong> We store the data, but we don’t read or look at …\u003cbr>\n\u003cstrong>Collins:\u003c/strong> But you have access to them.\u003cbr>\n\u003cstrong>Pichai:\u003c/strong> As a company we have access to them, yes.\u003c/p>\u003c/blockquote>\n\u003cp>Pichai also faced many questions by lawmakers from both parties about the company’s project — \u003ca href=\"https://www.npr.org/2018/11/27/671123903/we-re-taking-a-stand-google-workers-protest-plans-for-censored-search-in-china\">code-named Dragonfly\u003c/a> — to build a search engine adjusted to China’s censorship demands, blocking certain websites and search terms as determined by the Chinese government.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Right now, there are no plans for us to launch a search product in China,” Pichai said repeatedly. The response indicated that the plan might change in the future, though Pichai said the company would be transparent with Congress about that.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Pichai confirmed that the project was underway for a while and at one point involved more than 100 people. “We explored what a search could look like if it were to be launched in a country like China,” he said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>This would have marked a return of a censored version of Google to China, which the company exited in 2010 after \u003ca href=\"https://www.npr.org/templates/story/story.php?storyId=122540813\">tensions with Beijing\u003c/a> and a \u003ca href=\"https://www.npr.org/templates/story/story.php?storyId=5206175\">backlash in the United States\u003c/a>. The company has been facing an outcry over the work on a censored search product since it was first revealed by the website The Intercept \u003ca href=\"https://theintercept.com/2018/08/01/google-china-search-engine-censorship/\">in August\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Lawmakers did not ask Pichai about Google’s recent decision to not renew its so-called Project Maven contract with the Pentagon, following protests from employees concerned that the company’s artificial intelligence could be used for drone strikes.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Google had also decided not to bid for a $10 billion cloud-computing contract with the Defense Department, saying that Google didn’t qualify for part of the work and that the company “couldn’t be assured” that the project would align with its corporate values for artificial-intelligence work.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Earlier this year, Google’s parent company, Alphabet, decided to not send an executive to a big hearing with \u003ca href=\"https://www.npr.org/2018/09/05/644607908/facebook-twitter-heavies-set-to-appear-at-senate-hearing-google-may-be-mia\">other tech companies\u003c/a> about disinformation. Incensed by Google’s absence at the time, lawmakers had left an empty seat marked with the company’s name.\u003c/p>\n\u003cdiv class=\"fullattribution\">Copyright 2018 NPR. To see more, visit https://www.npr.org.\u003cimg decoding=\"async\" src=\"https://www.google-analytics.com/__utm.gif?utmac=UA-5828686-4&utmdt=Google+CEO+Says+He+Leads+%27Without+Political+Bias%27+In+Congressional+Testimony&utme=8(APIKey)9(MDAxOTAwOTE4MDEyMTkxMDAzNjczZDljZA004)\">\u003c/div>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>",
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"slug": "in-fight-with-chuck-and-nancy-trump-says-hed-be-proud-to-shut-down-government",
"title": "In Fight With 'Chuck and Nancy,' Trump Says He'd Be 'Proud' to Shut Down Government",
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"content": "\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Updated at 5:37 p.m. ET\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In a testy Oval Office exchange with the two top congressional Democrats, Rep. Nancy Pelosi and Sen. Chuck Schumer, President Trump made clear he would be “proud” to shut down the government in less than two weeks if he doesn’t get funding for his border wall.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“I’ll be the one to shut it down. I will take the mantle. And I will shut it down for border security,” Trump told House and Senate Democratic leaders as Vice President Pence sat by stoically.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The statement from Trump came in an extraordinary show before the cameras and the press, with minutes of tense back-and-forth with both Pelosi, the likely incoming House speaker, and Schumer, the Senate minority leader.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Democratic leaders have made it clear they don’t intend to give the president a victory on funding for his signature border wall, and afterward released a statement reiterating that “We gave the president two options that would keep the government open. It’s his choice to accept one of those options or shut the government down.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Pelosi told reporters on Capitol Hill at a holiday reception later Tuesday she and Trump had spoken on the phone but there was no response to the earlier offer from her and Schumer. According to an aide, the call was around 4 p.m. and lasted about a minute.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Speaking immediately afterthe meeting, both Schumer and Pelosi thought they had emerged with the upper hand after seemingly baiting Trump into taking the blame if there’s a partial shutdown just days before Christmas.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“This Trump shutdown, this temper tantrum he seems to want to throw, will not get him his wall,” the Senate minority leader told reporters outside the White House.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Throughout the meeting, Trump kept insisting that much of the wall has already been built (numerous fact checkers earlier this year \u003ca href=\"https://www.factcheck.org/2018/04/has-the-border-wall-begun/\">determined it hasn’t\u003c/a>, which Schumer pointed out) and he’s also said that the military can build the rest. In a statement provided to NPR Tuesday evening, a spokesperson for the Department of Defense said “to date, there is no plan to build sections of the wall.” But, “Congress has provided options under [existing law] that could permit the Department of Defense to fund border barrier projects, such as in support of counter drug operations or national emergencies.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>During the 2016 campaign, Trump also kept claiming that Mexico would pay to build the wall, but he has since dropped that talking point.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Pelosi insisted during the meeting that the cameras should leave, saying afterward she made such a request because “we didn’t want to contradict the president when he was putting forth figures that have no basis in fact. … I didn’t want to say in front of those people, ‘You have no idea what you’re talking about.'”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Except by making that comment just after leaving the Oval Office, Pelosi was saying just that. She also kept trying to explain to Trump that there wasn’t enough support even in the GOP-controlled House for his border wall, urging him to accept a continuous funding resolution at the current spending levels, or $1.3 billion for a year. But Trump kept interjecting to shift blame, saying a House vote wouldn’t matter since he needs to get to 60 votes in the Senate anyway and that would require help from Democrats — a frequent complaint of his.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Back on Capitol Hill, Pelosi told fellow Democratic lawmakers in private that she was “trying to be the mom” in the room.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“I can’t explain it to you. It was so wild. It goes to show you: You get into a tinkle contest with a skunk, you get tinkle all over you,'” Pelosi said, according to an aide in the room. “You can’t let him take you down that path. But the fact is we did get him to say, to fully own that the shutdown was his. That was an accomplishment.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In another comment sure to irk the president, Pelosi went even further, saying that Trump’s obsession with the border wall is “like a manhood thing for him. As if manhood could ever be associated with him.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The tense exchanges underscored the challenges in the coming two years of divided government. Trump diverted from discussing Democrats’ takeover of the House, choosing to focus on GOP gains in the Senate — thanks, in large part, to a very Republican-friendly map in the 2018 midterms.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“When the president brags that he won North Dakota and Indiana, he’s in real trouble,” Schumer jabbed.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Well, I did,” Trump retorted.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The White House tried to paint a very different picture of the meeting after the fact, with press secretary Sarah Sanders saying in a statement, “President Trump had a constructive dialogue with Democrat Leaders Chuck Schumer and Nancy Pelosi,” although “Major disagreement remains on the issue of border security and transparency.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Trump himself told reporters later on Tuesday that “believe it or not, I think it was a very friendly meeting….I’ve actually liked [Schumer and Pelosi] for a long period of time, and I respect them both” and that “when the press left, we had a fairly long meeting and we really discussed a lot of great subjects.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>And the president showed no regrets for having said he would own a shutdown if it comes to that.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“If we close down the country I will take it, because we’re closing it down for border security, and I think I win that every single time,” Trump said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Speaking on Capitol Hill, Senate Majority Leader Mitch McConnell, R-Ky., acknowledged it had been a “spirited meeting” at the White House, but that “I’d still like to have a smooth ending here” and avoid a government shutdown.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“I’m sort of hoping for a Christmas miracle here that we’ll have a level of cooperation that we don’t normally have in getting bills across the Senate floor,” McConnell said, pointing to not just the government funding bill, but the farm bill and a \u003ca href=\"https://www.npr.org/2018/12/11/675596651/senate-to-vote-on-criminal-justice-bill-after-push-from-boosters-white-house\">criminal justice overhaul\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Democratic resistance to funding the wall may have prompted President Trump’s pre-meeting tweetstorm, which over a series of five long tweets seemed to simultaneously \u003ca href=\"https://twitter.com/realDonaldTrump/status/1072471575956504576\">concede defeat\u003c/a> and declare victory on wall funding.\u003c/p>\n\u003cblockquote class=\"twitter-tweet\">\n\u003cp dir=\"ltr\" lang=\"en\">…..I look forward to my meeting with Chuck Schumer & Nancy Pelosi. In 2006, Democrats voted for a Wall, and they were right to do so. Today, they no longer want Border Security. They will fight it at all cost, and Nancy must get votes for Speaker. But the Wall will get built…\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>— Donald J. Trump (@realDonaldTrump) \u003ca href=\"https://twitter.com/realDonaldTrump/status/1072468779974713345?ref_src=twsrc%5Etfw\">December 11, 2018\u003c/a>\u003c/p>\u003c/blockquote>\n\u003cblockquote class=\"twitter-tweet\">\n\u003cp dir=\"ltr\" lang=\"en\">….People do not yet realize how much of the Wall, including really effective renovation, has already been built. If the Democrats do not give us the votes to secure our Country, the Military will build the remaining sections of the Wall. They know how important it is!\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>— Donald J. Trump (@realDonaldTrump) \u003ca href=\"https://twitter.com/realDonaldTrump/status/1072471575956504576?ref_src=twsrc%5Etfw\">December 11, 2018\u003c/a>\u003c/p>\u003c/blockquote>\n\u003cp>Troops have been stationed along the southern border with Mexico since just before the midterm elections, and while some are being extended through the end of January, other units have been sent home.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“He’s talking about reprogramming/transferring funds from other [Department of Defense] programs,” said Stan Collender, a federal budget expert, when asked if he could explain the Trump tweets. “That would indeed take away resources from other activities.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Collender said he wasn’t sure how much discretion Trump would actually have to do this and said it will “get the new Democratic House very angry.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Even before the Tuesday morning tweetstorm, in recent days Trump had been far less specific about his demands for border-wall funding than he has been in past rounds of budget talks. Sometimes he leaves out specific dollar amounts (though the standing ask is $5 billion). \u003ca href=\"https://twitter.com/realDonaldTrump/status/1070879369432850433\">And his use of the phrase “border security”\u003c/a> indicates more than just funding to build the wall.\u003c/p>\n\u003cblockquote class=\"twitter-tweet\">\n\u003cp dir=\"ltr\" lang=\"en\">Arizona, together with our Military and Border Patrol, is bracing for a massive surge at a NON-WALLED area. WE WILL NOT LET THEM THROUGH. Big danger. Nancy and Chuck must approve Boarder Security and the Wall!\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>— Donald J. Trump (@realDonaldTrump) \u003ca href=\"https://twitter.com/realDonaldTrump/status/1070879369432850433?ref_src=twsrc%5Etfw\">December 7, 2018\u003c/a>\u003c/p>\u003c/blockquote>\n\u003cp>“Congress must fully fund border security in the year-ending funding bill,” Trump said Friday in a speech at a law enforcement conference. “We have to — we have to get this done. They’re playing games. They’re playing political games. I actually think the politics of what they’re doing is very bad for them, but we’re going to very soon find out. Maybe I’m not right, but usually I’m right.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Democrats, looking at public opinion, may feel they have some leverage in the talks. A \u003ca href=\"https://www.npr.org/2018/12/11/675334306/poll-americans-want-trump-to-compromise-on-border-wall-amid-possible-shutdown\">new NPR/PBS NewsHour/Marist poll \u003c/a>out Tuesday shows that 57 percent of Americans, including 63 percent of independents, want the president to compromise on the border wall to prevent gridlock and not risk a government shutdown. Two-thirds of Republicans, however, want the president to stand his ground. And President Trump is often laser focused on his base.\u003c/p>\n\u003ch3>\u003cstrong>A history of failed meetings with “Chuck and Nancy”\u003c/strong>\u003c/h3>\n\u003cp>The days of high expectations for White House summits leading to bipartisan breakthroughs were well in the past even before Tuesday’s Oval Office throw down.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>A little more than a year ago, Trump had a couple of meetings with Schumer and Pelosi. He said he’d worked out a deal on immigration with “Chuck and Nancy,” as he called them.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“I think something can happen,” Trump told reporters. “We’ll see what happens. But something will happen.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Nothing happened. The deal blew up without even an agreement on what the deal was.\u003c/p>\n\u003ch3>\u003cstrong>Can Trump work with a Democratic House next year?\u003c/strong>\u003c/h3>\n\u003cp>The sparring between Trump, Pelosi and Schumer may well be a preview of the next two years of divided government. Both Trump and Pelosi, who is expected to once again become speaker when Democrats take control of the House, have talked about the potential for bipartisan compromise on things like infrastructure and prescription drug prices. But they’ve also both foreshadowed conflict.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Pelosi and Democrats are promising robust investigations of Trump and his administration, and Trump has said that would lead to a “warlike posture.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Then at the end of two years, nothing is done,” Trump predicted. “Now what’s bad for them is being in the majority, I’m just going to blame them.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>This leaves many questions: Are Democrats willing or able to compromise with Trump? Is Trump willing to deal? If he is, will congressional Republicans go along? And, given the way Trump has changed his mind in the midst of past negotiations, will anyone trust him?\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Still, allies of the president and Pelosi interviewed for this story say some limited compromise is possible.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“I think there’s several positions the president has that frankly line up more traditionally with Democrats,” said Marc Short, former director of legislative affairs for the Trump administration. “The question I think that is yet to be determined is whether or not Democrats will give their leadership the flexibility to negotiate with the president.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>That’s one way of pinning blame back on the other party when big things fail to get done. Short also questioned whether Democrats would be willing to give Trump a win as he begins his re-election campaign in earnest.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>John Lawrence, a former chief of staff to Pelosi, countered that Democrats are likely open and looking to cut some deals.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“[Pelosi] is going to be, and I think Democrats in the House are going to be, concerned with proving that they can be trusted that they can govern,” Lawrence said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Short and Lawrence both see incentives for their respective parties to get something done, while questioning whether those incentives exist for the other side. But first they have to make it to next year. And the budget fight brewing as 2018 closes out could well affect the relationship going forward.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad floatright]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>NPR congressional correspondents Scott Detrow and Kelsey Snell contributed. \u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\u003cdiv class=\"fullattribution\">Copyright 2018 NPR. To see more, visit https://www.npr.org.\u003cimg decoding=\"async\" src=\"https://www.google-analytics.com/__utm.gif?utmac=UA-5828686-4&utmdt=In+Fight+With+%27Chuck+And+Nancy%2C%27+Trump+Says+He%27d+Be+%27Proud%27+To+Shut+Down+Government&utme=8(APIKey)9(MDAxOTAwOTE4MDEyMTkxMDAzNjczZDljZA004)\">\u003c/div>\n\n",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Updated at 5:37 p.m. ET\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In a testy Oval Office exchange with the two top congressional Democrats, Rep. Nancy Pelosi and Sen. Chuck Schumer, President Trump made clear he would be “proud” to shut down the government in less than two weeks if he doesn’t get funding for his border wall.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“I’ll be the one to shut it down. I will take the mantle. And I will shut it down for border security,” Trump told House and Senate Democratic leaders as Vice President Pence sat by stoically.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The statement from Trump came in an extraordinary show before the cameras and the press, with minutes of tense back-and-forth with both Pelosi, the likely incoming House speaker, and Schumer, the Senate minority leader.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Democratic leaders have made it clear they don’t intend to give the president a victory on funding for his signature border wall, and afterward released a statement reiterating that “We gave the president two options that would keep the government open. It’s his choice to accept one of those options or shut the government down.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Pelosi told reporters on Capitol Hill at a holiday reception later Tuesday she and Trump had spoken on the phone but there was no response to the earlier offer from her and Schumer. According to an aide, the call was around 4 p.m. and lasted about a minute.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Speaking immediately afterthe meeting, both Schumer and Pelosi thought they had emerged with the upper hand after seemingly baiting Trump into taking the blame if there’s a partial shutdown just days before Christmas.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“This Trump shutdown, this temper tantrum he seems to want to throw, will not get him his wall,” the Senate minority leader told reporters outside the White House.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Throughout the meeting, Trump kept insisting that much of the wall has already been built (numerous fact checkers earlier this year \u003ca href=\"https://www.factcheck.org/2018/04/has-the-border-wall-begun/\">determined it hasn’t\u003c/a>, which Schumer pointed out) and he’s also said that the military can build the rest. In a statement provided to NPR Tuesday evening, a spokesperson for the Department of Defense said “to date, there is no plan to build sections of the wall.” But, “Congress has provided options under [existing law] that could permit the Department of Defense to fund border barrier projects, such as in support of counter drug operations or national emergencies.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>During the 2016 campaign, Trump also kept claiming that Mexico would pay to build the wall, but he has since dropped that talking point.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Pelosi insisted during the meeting that the cameras should leave, saying afterward she made such a request because “we didn’t want to contradict the president when he was putting forth figures that have no basis in fact. … I didn’t want to say in front of those people, ‘You have no idea what you’re talking about.'”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Except by making that comment just after leaving the Oval Office, Pelosi was saying just that. She also kept trying to explain to Trump that there wasn’t enough support even in the GOP-controlled House for his border wall, urging him to accept a continuous funding resolution at the current spending levels, or $1.3 billion for a year. But Trump kept interjecting to shift blame, saying a House vote wouldn’t matter since he needs to get to 60 votes in the Senate anyway and that would require help from Democrats — a frequent complaint of his.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Back on Capitol Hill, Pelosi told fellow Democratic lawmakers in private that she was “trying to be the mom” in the room.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“I can’t explain it to you. It was so wild. It goes to show you: You get into a tinkle contest with a skunk, you get tinkle all over you,'” Pelosi said, according to an aide in the room. “You can’t let him take you down that path. But the fact is we did get him to say, to fully own that the shutdown was his. That was an accomplishment.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In another comment sure to irk the president, Pelosi went even further, saying that Trump’s obsession with the border wall is “like a manhood thing for him. As if manhood could ever be associated with him.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The tense exchanges underscored the challenges in the coming two years of divided government. Trump diverted from discussing Democrats’ takeover of the House, choosing to focus on GOP gains in the Senate — thanks, in large part, to a very Republican-friendly map in the 2018 midterms.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“When the president brags that he won North Dakota and Indiana, he’s in real trouble,” Schumer jabbed.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Well, I did,” Trump retorted.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The White House tried to paint a very different picture of the meeting after the fact, with press secretary Sarah Sanders saying in a statement, “President Trump had a constructive dialogue with Democrat Leaders Chuck Schumer and Nancy Pelosi,” although “Major disagreement remains on the issue of border security and transparency.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Trump himself told reporters later on Tuesday that “believe it or not, I think it was a very friendly meeting….I’ve actually liked [Schumer and Pelosi] for a long period of time, and I respect them both” and that “when the press left, we had a fairly long meeting and we really discussed a lot of great subjects.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>And the president showed no regrets for having said he would own a shutdown if it comes to that.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“If we close down the country I will take it, because we’re closing it down for border security, and I think I win that every single time,” Trump said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Speaking on Capitol Hill, Senate Majority Leader Mitch McConnell, R-Ky., acknowledged it had been a “spirited meeting” at the White House, but that “I’d still like to have a smooth ending here” and avoid a government shutdown.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“I’m sort of hoping for a Christmas miracle here that we’ll have a level of cooperation that we don’t normally have in getting bills across the Senate floor,” McConnell said, pointing to not just the government funding bill, but the farm bill and a \u003ca href=\"https://www.npr.org/2018/12/11/675596651/senate-to-vote-on-criminal-justice-bill-after-push-from-boosters-white-house\">criminal justice overhaul\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Democratic resistance to funding the wall may have prompted President Trump’s pre-meeting tweetstorm, which over a series of five long tweets seemed to simultaneously \u003ca href=\"https://twitter.com/realDonaldTrump/status/1072471575956504576\">concede defeat\u003c/a> and declare victory on wall funding.\u003c/p>\n\u003cblockquote class=\"twitter-tweet\">\n\u003cp dir=\"ltr\" lang=\"en\">…..I look forward to my meeting with Chuck Schumer & Nancy Pelosi. In 2006, Democrats voted for a Wall, and they were right to do so. Today, they no longer want Border Security. They will fight it at all cost, and Nancy must get votes for Speaker. But the Wall will get built…\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>— Donald J. Trump (@realDonaldTrump) \u003ca href=\"https://twitter.com/realDonaldTrump/status/1072468779974713345?ref_src=twsrc%5Etfw\">December 11, 2018\u003c/a>\u003c/p>\u003c/blockquote>\n\u003cblockquote class=\"twitter-tweet\">\n\u003cp dir=\"ltr\" lang=\"en\">….People do not yet realize how much of the Wall, including really effective renovation, has already been built. If the Democrats do not give us the votes to secure our Country, the Military will build the remaining sections of the Wall. They know how important it is!\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>— Donald J. Trump (@realDonaldTrump) \u003ca href=\"https://twitter.com/realDonaldTrump/status/1072471575956504576?ref_src=twsrc%5Etfw\">December 11, 2018\u003c/a>\u003c/p>\u003c/blockquote>\n\u003cp>Troops have been stationed along the southern border with Mexico since just before the midterm elections, and while some are being extended through the end of January, other units have been sent home.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“He’s talking about reprogramming/transferring funds from other [Department of Defense] programs,” said Stan Collender, a federal budget expert, when asked if he could explain the Trump tweets. “That would indeed take away resources from other activities.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Collender said he wasn’t sure how much discretion Trump would actually have to do this and said it will “get the new Democratic House very angry.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Even before the Tuesday morning tweetstorm, in recent days Trump had been far less specific about his demands for border-wall funding than he has been in past rounds of budget talks. Sometimes he leaves out specific dollar amounts (though the standing ask is $5 billion). \u003ca href=\"https://twitter.com/realDonaldTrump/status/1070879369432850433\">And his use of the phrase “border security”\u003c/a> indicates more than just funding to build the wall.\u003c/p>\n\u003cblockquote class=\"twitter-tweet\">\n\u003cp dir=\"ltr\" lang=\"en\">Arizona, together with our Military and Border Patrol, is bracing for a massive surge at a NON-WALLED area. WE WILL NOT LET THEM THROUGH. Big danger. Nancy and Chuck must approve Boarder Security and the Wall!\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>— Donald J. Trump (@realDonaldTrump) \u003ca href=\"https://twitter.com/realDonaldTrump/status/1070879369432850433?ref_src=twsrc%5Etfw\">December 7, 2018\u003c/a>\u003c/p>\u003c/blockquote>\n\u003cp>“Congress must fully fund border security in the year-ending funding bill,” Trump said Friday in a speech at a law enforcement conference. “We have to — we have to get this done. They’re playing games. They’re playing political games. I actually think the politics of what they’re doing is very bad for them, but we’re going to very soon find out. Maybe I’m not right, but usually I’m right.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Democrats, looking at public opinion, may feel they have some leverage in the talks. A \u003ca href=\"https://www.npr.org/2018/12/11/675334306/poll-americans-want-trump-to-compromise-on-border-wall-amid-possible-shutdown\">new NPR/PBS NewsHour/Marist poll \u003c/a>out Tuesday shows that 57 percent of Americans, including 63 percent of independents, want the president to compromise on the border wall to prevent gridlock and not risk a government shutdown. Two-thirds of Republicans, however, want the president to stand his ground. And President Trump is often laser focused on his base.\u003c/p>\n\u003ch3>\u003cstrong>A history of failed meetings with “Chuck and Nancy”\u003c/strong>\u003c/h3>\n\u003cp>The days of high expectations for White House summits leading to bipartisan breakthroughs were well in the past even before Tuesday’s Oval Office throw down.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>A little more than a year ago, Trump had a couple of meetings with Schumer and Pelosi. He said he’d worked out a deal on immigration with “Chuck and Nancy,” as he called them.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“I think something can happen,” Trump told reporters. “We’ll see what happens. But something will happen.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Nothing happened. The deal blew up without even an agreement on what the deal was.\u003c/p>\n\u003ch3>\u003cstrong>Can Trump work with a Democratic House next year?\u003c/strong>\u003c/h3>\n\u003cp>The sparring between Trump, Pelosi and Schumer may well be a preview of the next two years of divided government. Both Trump and Pelosi, who is expected to once again become speaker when Democrats take control of the House, have talked about the potential for bipartisan compromise on things like infrastructure and prescription drug prices. But they’ve also both foreshadowed conflict.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Pelosi and Democrats are promising robust investigations of Trump and his administration, and Trump has said that would lead to a “warlike posture.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Then at the end of two years, nothing is done,” Trump predicted. “Now what’s bad for them is being in the majority, I’m just going to blame them.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>This leaves many questions: Are Democrats willing or able to compromise with Trump? Is Trump willing to deal? If he is, will congressional Republicans go along? And, given the way Trump has changed his mind in the midst of past negotiations, will anyone trust him?\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Still, allies of the president and Pelosi interviewed for this story say some limited compromise is possible.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“I think there’s several positions the president has that frankly line up more traditionally with Democrats,” said Marc Short, former director of legislative affairs for the Trump administration. “The question I think that is yet to be determined is whether or not Democrats will give their leadership the flexibility to negotiate with the president.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>That’s one way of pinning blame back on the other party when big things fail to get done. Short also questioned whether Democrats would be willing to give Trump a win as he begins his re-election campaign in earnest.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>John Lawrence, a former chief of staff to Pelosi, countered that Democrats are likely open and looking to cut some deals.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“[Pelosi] is going to be, and I think Democrats in the House are going to be, concerned with proving that they can be trusted that they can govern,” Lawrence said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Short and Lawrence both see incentives for their respective parties to get something done, while questioning whether those incentives exist for the other side. But first they have to make it to next year. And the budget fight brewing as 2018 closes out could well affect the relationship going forward.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>NPR congressional correspondents Scott Detrow and Kelsey Snell contributed. \u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\u003cdiv class=\"fullattribution\">Copyright 2018 NPR. To see more, visit https://www.npr.org.\u003cimg decoding=\"async\" src=\"https://www.google-analytics.com/__utm.gif?utmac=UA-5828686-4&utmdt=In+Fight+With+%27Chuck+And+Nancy%2C%27+Trump+Says+He%27d+Be+%27Proud%27+To+Shut+Down+Government&utme=8(APIKey)9(MDAxOTAwOTE4MDEyMTkxMDAzNjczZDljZA004)\">\u003c/div>\n\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>",
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"title": "'Retreat' Is Not an Option as a California Beach Town Plans for Rising Seas",
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"headTitle": "‘Retreat’ Is Not an Option as a California Beach Town Plans for Rising Seas | KQED",
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"content": "\u003cp>About 150 steps from John Imperato’s Southern California home, pavement gives way to an ever-shrinking stretch of soft sand.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Imperato lives in Del Mar, a small, affluent town just north of San Diego. He spent his life savings to live here. He wanted to raise his son like he grew up, within walking distance of the sea.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Del Mar is a picturesque place; its name means “of the sea,” in Spanish.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>That’s becoming increasingly true.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Del Mar is one of countless coastal communities in California and across the U.S. that is seeing the impacts of climate change and preparing for worse to come.\u003c/p>\n\u003caside class=\"pullquote alignright\">‘The feel-good here is gone. I thought they were going to bury me here, but if someone offered [to buy my house], I’d take it. I’d walk away.’\u003ccite>John Imperato, Del Mar resident\u003c/cite>\u003c/aside>\n\u003cp>By midcentury, tens of millions of U.S. homes and billions of dollars of property are likely to be destroyed or made unusable by increased flooding from rising seas and storms, according to \u003ca href=\"https://nca2018.globalchange.gov/chapter/25/\">a recent climate report \u003c/a>by the U.S. government.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Sea level rise and storm surge could completely erode two-thirds of southern California beaches by 2100,” the report warns.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>That leaves residents of seaside towns like Del Mar with an alarming choice: stay and fight those impacts, or turn and leave.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Del Mar has been having that discussion for years. The city is a national leader in that regard. But it also provides a good example of just how difficult and precarious even planning for sea level rise can be.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“The feel-good here is gone,” Imperato says, standing outside of his home. “I thought they were going to bury me here, but if someone offered [to buy my house], I’d take it. I’d walk away.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>‘When the sea walls go, we go’ \u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In 2015, Del Mar created a committee, consisting primarily of residents, to help identify the city’s biggest vulnerabilities to increased flooding and to come up with a plan on how best to address them.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>They got grants from the state’s coastal commission and worked with paid consultants.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The findings were grim.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Del Mar’s walkable beach — a huge draw for the town’s 3 million annual visitors — could disappear by 2050.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Sea levels here are projected to rise 1 to 2 feet by 2050, and as much as 5½ feet by 2100, \u003ca href=\"http://www.delmar.ca.us/DocumentCenter/View/3321/Chapter-1-2017-11-21-CLEAN?bidId=\">according to scientific projections used by the city\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The homes in Imperato’s low-lying neighborhood faced a double whammy.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Beach erosion and sea-level rise are likely to increase flooding during high-tide events and storms, threatening to overwhelm a long line of private seawalls that line the beach.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“When those sea walls go, we go,” says Imperato, who served on the committee.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11709961\" class=\"wp-caption alignnone\" style=\"max-width: 800px\">\u003ca href=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2018/12/Del_Mar_Planning_Map-b38de181625515e64b1c96327b4453d1fb85982b-s800-c85.jpg\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-full wp-image-11709961\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2018/12/Del_Mar_Planning_Map-b38de181625515e64b1c96327b4453d1fb85982b-s800-c85.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"800\" height=\"599\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2018/12/Del_Mar_Planning_Map-b38de181625515e64b1c96327b4453d1fb85982b-s800-c85.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2018/12/Del_Mar_Planning_Map-b38de181625515e64b1c96327b4453d1fb85982b-s800-c85-160x120.jpg 160w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Del Mar’s affluent Beach Colony neighborhood, under the green on left, would be nearly inundated under extreme projections of sea-level rise, according to the city’s planning documents. \u003ccite>(City of Del Mar)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Increased precipitation from storm events,\u003ca href=\"https://www.nature.com/articles/s41558-018-0140-y\"> another expected result of climate change\u003c/a>, may also bring more river flooding. The mouth of the San Dieguito River sits just north of Imperato’s neighborhood.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Knowing the risks, a few years ago, the city moved into the next phase of planning: how to adapt.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>There are \u003ca href=\"https://documents.coastal.ca.gov/assets/slr/guidance/2018/7_Ch7_2018AdoptedSLRGuidanceUpdate.pdf\">three broad adaptation strategies\u003c/a> communities should look at, according to guidance policies provided by the California Coastal Commission, a state agency tasked with oversight of California’s coasts.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The first is protection — the creation of seawalls or other armoring to defend coastal developments.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The second is accommodation — modifying buildings or developments to accommodate increased flooding. That includes changing zoning or elevating structures.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The final option is the one nobody wants — an option that homeowners like Imperato describe as “the kiss of death.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Retreat.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>‘Not feasible here in Del Mar’\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Retreating from sea-level rise can take different forms. It can mean changing zoning to limit construction in flood-prone areas. It can also mean removing or relocating development from vulnerable areas, using buyout programs or transferring property rights.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Some communities in California are embracing the idea.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>At first, Del Mar was looking at it, too.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The blowback, though, was almost immediate. Realtors’ groups spoke out against the plan. Homeowners were hysterical.\u003c/p>\n\u003caside class=\"alignright\">\n\u003ch3>\u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/science/1932139/in-poor-neighborhoods-add-rising-seas-to-list-of-housing-woes\">In Poor Neighborhoods, Add Rising Seas to List of Housing Woes\u003c/a>\u003c/h3>\n\u003cfigure>\u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/science/1932139/in-poor-neighborhoods-add-rising-seas-to-list-of-housing-woes\">\u003cimg decoding=\"async\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2018/10/sealevel4-1180x787.jpeg\" alt=\"\">\u003c/a>\u003c/figure>\n\u003c/aside>\n\u003cp> \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“What we learned from our community is that even the mere discussion of managed retreat, in the minds of some, completely devalues their property,” says Amanda Lee, Del Mar’s senior city planner.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The concern was that if the city formalized a plan that included retreat, it would be harder for property owners to get loans or sell their land.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Hearing those concerns, “we started crossing out managed retreat and replacing it with other words like ‘not feasible here in Del Mar,’ ” says Terry Gaasterland, who chaired the city’s Sea Level Rise Advisory Committee.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The City Council even went as far as to pass a resolution banning future city councils from planning for retreat.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>There were practical reasons for the decision, Gaasterland says. The median home value in Del Mar is about $2.5 million, according to the \u003ca href=\"https://www.zillow.com/del-mar-ca/home-values/\">real estate market app Zillow\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>One oceanfront house in Imperato’s neighborhood is listed for sale for $24 million.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“In Del Mar, market value of all the properties in the managed retreat zone is estimated at $1.5 billion,” Gaasterland says. “Who’s going to pay for that? Certainly not the city of Del Mar.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Another problem is the topography of the area. There are bluffs to the north and south of Del Mar, making relocation of residents nearly impossible.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Instead, the town approved a plan that included strategies like sand replenishment for its beaches and dredging of the San Dieguito River to lessen the chance of flooding.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>That plan was sent to the state’s coastal commission, where it’s waiting for review.\u003c/p>\n\u003caside class=\"alignright\">\n\u003ch3>\u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/news/11709956\">MAP: See Whether Your Home Is at Risk From Rising Seas\u003c/a>\u003c/h3>\n\u003cfigure>\u003ca>\u003cimg alt=\"\">\u003c/a>\u003c/figure>\n\u003c/aside>\n\u003cp>The California Coastal Commission, for its part, isn’t penalizing cities that don’t embrace the idea of managed retreat. Madeline Cavalieri, a manager with the commission, says there’s no one-size-fits-all solution for dealing with sea-level rise; different cities need to consider a combination of different strategies.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The idea, though, is to prepare.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Over the past however many years, people have thought, ‘Well I’m purchasing a home, I’m buying a property, this property is going to be here forever.’ We now understand with sea-level rise that there are going to be locations where we can no longer count on the fact that house is going to be there in perpetuity,” she says.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>End of the line\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Homeowners like Imperato are not denying that sea-level rise is happening.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>He and others in Del Mar will tell you that they’ve seen the beach shrink and the high tide creep ever higher. But for many, the more devastating effects still seem far away.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“We’re not worried about the actual hazard because you can accept Mother Nature, and that may happen 100 years from now,” Imperato says, “What we’re afraid of is the regulations that are going to affect us today or tomorrow.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Imperato, like many homeowners in Del Mar, was happy that the city said no to managed retreat, but he’s still frustrated that it was considered in the first place. He believes damage to property values has already been done and says he has told a real estate agent to “pocket list” his house.\u003c/p>\n\u003caside class=\"alignright\">\n\u003ch3>\u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/science/1924579/like-it-or-not-the-water-is-coming-will-the-bay-area-defend-against-rising-seas-or-embrace-them\">Like It Or Not, the Water Is Coming: Will the Bay Area Defend Against Rising Seas, or Embrace Them?\u003c/a>\u003c/h3>\n\u003cfigure>\u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/science/1924579/like-it-or-not-the-water-is-coming-will-the-bay-area-defend-against-rising-seas-or-embrace-them\">\u003cimg decoding=\"async\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2018/05/38628863865_434d8ddc2b_o-1180x787.jpg\" alt=\"\">\u003c/a>\u003c/figure>\n\u003c/aside>\n\u003cp> \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Pocket listing is you want to sell your house, but you don’t want to put a sign up with everyone else because then it’s a race to the bottom,” he says.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Dwight Worden, a city councilman who serves as Del Mar’s mayor, is sympathetic to those concerns but says the city needed to consider managed retreat.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“If you pretend that you did a scientific study of risks and options in your community, but you didn’t study retreat, your study has no credibility,” he says. “It needs to be studied.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Worden agrees that in Del Mar, managed retreat does not make sense. He doesn’t believe it’s feasible. But he’s also realistic about the challenge sea-level rise presents.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“At some point you’re left with two options. You either organize a retreat, or you do what’s called evacuation and you call FEMA because you’re flooded out,” he says. “We realize that’s the end of the line. But we want to try Plan A. And if Plan A doesn’t work, we think there may be a Plan B. We want to do everything else we can first.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In other words, he says, the city would rather hold off the water as long as it can.\u003c/p>\n\u003cdiv class=\"fullattribution\">Copyright 2018 NPR. To see more, visit \u003ca href=\"https://www.npr.org.\">https://www.npr.org.\u003c/a>\u003cimg decoding=\"async\" src=\"https://www.google-analytics.com/__utm.gif?utmac=UA-5828686-4&utmdt=%27Retreat%27+Is+Not+An+Option+As+A+California+Beach+Town+Plans+For+Rising+Seas&utme=8(APIKey)9(MDAxOTAwOTE4MDEyMTkxMDAzNjczZDljZA004)\">\u003c/div>\n\u003cp>[ad floatright]\u003c/p>\n",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>About 150 steps from John Imperato’s Southern California home, pavement gives way to an ever-shrinking stretch of soft sand.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Imperato lives in Del Mar, a small, affluent town just north of San Diego. He spent his life savings to live here. He wanted to raise his son like he grew up, within walking distance of the sea.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Del Mar is a picturesque place; its name means “of the sea,” in Spanish.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>That’s becoming increasingly true.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Del Mar is one of countless coastal communities in California and across the U.S. that is seeing the impacts of climate change and preparing for worse to come.\u003c/p>\n\u003caside class=\"pullquote alignright\">‘The feel-good here is gone. I thought they were going to bury me here, but if someone offered [to buy my house], I’d take it. I’d walk away.’\u003ccite>John Imperato, Del Mar resident\u003c/cite>\u003c/aside>\n\u003cp>By midcentury, tens of millions of U.S. homes and billions of dollars of property are likely to be destroyed or made unusable by increased flooding from rising seas and storms, according to \u003ca href=\"https://nca2018.globalchange.gov/chapter/25/\">a recent climate report \u003c/a>by the U.S. government.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Sea level rise and storm surge could completely erode two-thirds of southern California beaches by 2100,” the report warns.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>That leaves residents of seaside towns like Del Mar with an alarming choice: stay and fight those impacts, or turn and leave.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Del Mar has been having that discussion for years. The city is a national leader in that regard. But it also provides a good example of just how difficult and precarious even planning for sea level rise can be.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“The feel-good here is gone,” Imperato says, standing outside of his home. “I thought they were going to bury me here, but if someone offered [to buy my house], I’d take it. I’d walk away.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>‘When the sea walls go, we go’ \u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In 2015, Del Mar created a committee, consisting primarily of residents, to help identify the city’s biggest vulnerabilities to increased flooding and to come up with a plan on how best to address them.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>They got grants from the state’s coastal commission and worked with paid consultants.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The findings were grim.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Del Mar’s walkable beach — a huge draw for the town’s 3 million annual visitors — could disappear by 2050.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Sea levels here are projected to rise 1 to 2 feet by 2050, and as much as 5½ feet by 2100, \u003ca href=\"http://www.delmar.ca.us/DocumentCenter/View/3321/Chapter-1-2017-11-21-CLEAN?bidId=\">according to scientific projections used by the city\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The homes in Imperato’s low-lying neighborhood faced a double whammy.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Beach erosion and sea-level rise are likely to increase flooding during high-tide events and storms, threatening to overwhelm a long line of private seawalls that line the beach.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“When those sea walls go, we go,” says Imperato, who served on the committee.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11709961\" class=\"wp-caption alignnone\" style=\"max-width: 800px\">\u003ca href=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2018/12/Del_Mar_Planning_Map-b38de181625515e64b1c96327b4453d1fb85982b-s800-c85.jpg\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-full wp-image-11709961\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2018/12/Del_Mar_Planning_Map-b38de181625515e64b1c96327b4453d1fb85982b-s800-c85.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"800\" height=\"599\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2018/12/Del_Mar_Planning_Map-b38de181625515e64b1c96327b4453d1fb85982b-s800-c85.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2018/12/Del_Mar_Planning_Map-b38de181625515e64b1c96327b4453d1fb85982b-s800-c85-160x120.jpg 160w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Del Mar’s affluent Beach Colony neighborhood, under the green on left, would be nearly inundated under extreme projections of sea-level rise, according to the city’s planning documents. \u003ccite>(City of Del Mar)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Increased precipitation from storm events,\u003ca href=\"https://www.nature.com/articles/s41558-018-0140-y\"> another expected result of climate change\u003c/a>, may also bring more river flooding. The mouth of the San Dieguito River sits just north of Imperato’s neighborhood.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Knowing the risks, a few years ago, the city moved into the next phase of planning: how to adapt.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>There are \u003ca href=\"https://documents.coastal.ca.gov/assets/slr/guidance/2018/7_Ch7_2018AdoptedSLRGuidanceUpdate.pdf\">three broad adaptation strategies\u003c/a> communities should look at, according to guidance policies provided by the California Coastal Commission, a state agency tasked with oversight of California’s coasts.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The first is protection — the creation of seawalls or other armoring to defend coastal developments.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The second is accommodation — modifying buildings or developments to accommodate increased flooding. That includes changing zoning or elevating structures.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The final option is the one nobody wants — an option that homeowners like Imperato describe as “the kiss of death.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Retreat.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>‘Not feasible here in Del Mar’\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Retreating from sea-level rise can take different forms. It can mean changing zoning to limit construction in flood-prone areas. It can also mean removing or relocating development from vulnerable areas, using buyout programs or transferring property rights.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Some communities in California are embracing the idea.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>At first, Del Mar was looking at it, too.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The blowback, though, was almost immediate. Realtors’ groups spoke out against the plan. Homeowners were hysterical.\u003c/p>\n\u003caside class=\"alignright\">\n\u003ch3>\u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/science/1932139/in-poor-neighborhoods-add-rising-seas-to-list-of-housing-woes\">In Poor Neighborhoods, Add Rising Seas to List of Housing Woes\u003c/a>\u003c/h3>\n\u003cfigure>\u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/science/1932139/in-poor-neighborhoods-add-rising-seas-to-list-of-housing-woes\">\u003cimg decoding=\"async\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2018/10/sealevel4-1180x787.jpeg\" alt=\"\">\u003c/a>\u003c/figure>\n\u003c/aside>\n\u003cp> \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“What we learned from our community is that even the mere discussion of managed retreat, in the minds of some, completely devalues their property,” says Amanda Lee, Del Mar’s senior city planner.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The concern was that if the city formalized a plan that included retreat, it would be harder for property owners to get loans or sell their land.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Hearing those concerns, “we started crossing out managed retreat and replacing it with other words like ‘not feasible here in Del Mar,’ ” says Terry Gaasterland, who chaired the city’s Sea Level Rise Advisory Committee.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The City Council even went as far as to pass a resolution banning future city councils from planning for retreat.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>There were practical reasons for the decision, Gaasterland says. The median home value in Del Mar is about $2.5 million, according to the \u003ca href=\"https://www.zillow.com/del-mar-ca/home-values/\">real estate market app Zillow\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>One oceanfront house in Imperato’s neighborhood is listed for sale for $24 million.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“In Del Mar, market value of all the properties in the managed retreat zone is estimated at $1.5 billion,” Gaasterland says. “Who’s going to pay for that? Certainly not the city of Del Mar.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Another problem is the topography of the area. There are bluffs to the north and south of Del Mar, making relocation of residents nearly impossible.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Instead, the town approved a plan that included strategies like sand replenishment for its beaches and dredging of the San Dieguito River to lessen the chance of flooding.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>That plan was sent to the state’s coastal commission, where it’s waiting for review.\u003c/p>\n\u003caside class=\"alignright\">\n\u003ch3>\u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/news/11709956\">MAP: See Whether Your Home Is at Risk From Rising Seas\u003c/a>\u003c/h3>\n\u003cfigure>\u003ca>\u003cimg alt=\"\">\u003c/a>\u003c/figure>\n\u003c/aside>\n\u003cp>The California Coastal Commission, for its part, isn’t penalizing cities that don’t embrace the idea of managed retreat. Madeline Cavalieri, a manager with the commission, says there’s no one-size-fits-all solution for dealing with sea-level rise; different cities need to consider a combination of different strategies.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The idea, though, is to prepare.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Over the past however many years, people have thought, ‘Well I’m purchasing a home, I’m buying a property, this property is going to be here forever.’ We now understand with sea-level rise that there are going to be locations where we can no longer count on the fact that house is going to be there in perpetuity,” she says.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>End of the line\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Homeowners like Imperato are not denying that sea-level rise is happening.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>He and others in Del Mar will tell you that they’ve seen the beach shrink and the high tide creep ever higher. But for many, the more devastating effects still seem far away.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“We’re not worried about the actual hazard because you can accept Mother Nature, and that may happen 100 years from now,” Imperato says, “What we’re afraid of is the regulations that are going to affect us today or tomorrow.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Imperato, like many homeowners in Del Mar, was happy that the city said no to managed retreat, but he’s still frustrated that it was considered in the first place. He believes damage to property values has already been done and says he has told a real estate agent to “pocket list” his house.\u003c/p>\n\u003caside class=\"alignright\">\n\u003ch3>\u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/science/1924579/like-it-or-not-the-water-is-coming-will-the-bay-area-defend-against-rising-seas-or-embrace-them\">Like It Or Not, the Water Is Coming: Will the Bay Area Defend Against Rising Seas, or Embrace Them?\u003c/a>\u003c/h3>\n\u003cfigure>\u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/science/1924579/like-it-or-not-the-water-is-coming-will-the-bay-area-defend-against-rising-seas-or-embrace-them\">\u003cimg decoding=\"async\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2018/05/38628863865_434d8ddc2b_o-1180x787.jpg\" alt=\"\">\u003c/a>\u003c/figure>\n\u003c/aside>\n\u003cp> \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Pocket listing is you want to sell your house, but you don’t want to put a sign up with everyone else because then it’s a race to the bottom,” he says.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Dwight Worden, a city councilman who serves as Del Mar’s mayor, is sympathetic to those concerns but says the city needed to consider managed retreat.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“If you pretend that you did a scientific study of risks and options in your community, but you didn’t study retreat, your study has no credibility,” he says. “It needs to be studied.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Worden agrees that in Del Mar, managed retreat does not make sense. He doesn’t believe it’s feasible. But he’s also realistic about the challenge sea-level rise presents.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“At some point you’re left with two options. You either organize a retreat, or you do what’s called evacuation and you call FEMA because you’re flooded out,” he says. “We realize that’s the end of the line. But we want to try Plan A. And if Plan A doesn’t work, we think there may be a Plan B. We want to do everything else we can first.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In other words, he says, the city would rather hold off the water as long as it can.\u003c/p>\n\u003cdiv class=\"fullattribution\">Copyright 2018 NPR. To see more, visit \u003ca href=\"https://www.npr.org.\">https://www.npr.org.\u003c/a>\u003cimg decoding=\"async\" src=\"https://www.google-analytics.com/__utm.gif?utmac=UA-5828686-4&utmdt=%27Retreat%27+Is+Not+An+Option+As+A+California+Beach+Town+Plans+For+Rising+Seas&utme=8(APIKey)9(MDAxOTAwOTE4MDEyMTkxMDAzNjczZDljZA004)\">\u003c/div>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cp>House Democrats nominated Minority Leader Nancy Pelosi to serve as the next speaker of the House. If approved by the full House, Pelosi would again wield the gavel in January — a dozen years after she became the first female speaker in 2007.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The vote was 203 voting for Pelosi, 32 opposing her and three members leaving their ballot blank. One member was absent.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>After more than a year of party angst about needing fresh and younger faces in leadership, House Democrats will almost certainly emerge from their internal caucus election with the same three people in its top three posts: Nancy Pelosi, Steny Hoyer and James Clyburn.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The secret Democratic ballot is the first of two key elections Pelosi needs to win to officially become the first House speaker since Sam Rayburn to hold the post, then go into the minority and then win the job again. Pelosi was speaker from 2007 to 2011, the last time the Democrats held the chamber.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The full House of Representatives will formally vote on its next speaker on Jan. 3, the first day of Congress' next session.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Speaking to reporters as the votes were being counted down the hall, Pelosi said it was \"so inspiring to hear my colleagues place my name in nomination once again for speaker of the House.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Heading into the internal vote, Pelosi had faced the most serious challenge of her leadership tenure.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Sixteen House Democrats had signed a letter vowing to oppose her in January's floor vote for House speaker. While it was not enough to block Pelosi from being selected on Wednesday, the figure was just shy of the threshold of votes needed to keep Pelosi from winning the needed 218 votes on the House floor in January.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Two things have happened since the anti-Pelosi letter emerged.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>First, Democrats continued to win House races that had been too close to call on election night, slowly building their majority to what could ultimately be a 40-seat gain. Every additional Democrat-held seat gives Pelosi more space to win the speakership, even with several Democrats voting against her.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Second, Pelosi successfully defused the letter's threat by winning support from Ohio Rep. Marcia Fudge, the one Democrat who had considered challenging Pelosi for the speakership. Pelosi cut a deal with Fudge, creating a new House subcommittee on elections and naming Fudge as the chair.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Pelosi took a similar approach with several other House Democrats who had either promised to vote against her or had refused to say which way they would cast their ballots. She got New York Rep. Brian Higgins to go from signing the letter to endorsing her speaker bid by promising to work with Higgins on two of his priorities: lowering the age for Medicare eligibility and improving infrastructure.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In addition to selecting their nominee for speaker, Democrats are choosing their majority leader, majority whip and several other leadership positions.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In one small surprise, 48-year-old Rep. Hakeem Jeffries, D-N.Y., was elected as caucus chair, defeating Rep. Barbara Lee of California for the fourth-ranking leadership position.\u003c/p>\n\u003cdiv class=\"fullattribution\">Copyright 2018 NPR. To see more, visit https://www.npr.org.\u003cimg src=\"https://www.google-analytics.com/__utm.gif?utmac=UA-5828686-4&utmdt=Democrats+Pick+Nancy+Pelosi+As+House+Speaker%2C+Despite+Earlier+Internal+Opposition&utme=8(APIKey)9(MDAxOTAwOTE4MDEyMTkxMDAzNjczZDljZA004)\">\u003c/div>\n\n",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>House Democrats nominated Minority Leader Nancy Pelosi to serve as the next speaker of the House. If approved by the full House, Pelosi would again wield the gavel in January — a dozen years after she became the first female speaker in 2007.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The vote was 203 voting for Pelosi, 32 opposing her and three members leaving their ballot blank. One member was absent.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>After more than a year of party angst about needing fresh and younger faces in leadership, House Democrats will almost certainly emerge from their internal caucus election with the same three people in its top three posts: Nancy Pelosi, Steny Hoyer and James Clyburn.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The secret Democratic ballot is the first of two key elections Pelosi needs to win to officially become the first House speaker since Sam Rayburn to hold the post, then go into the minority and then win the job again. Pelosi was speaker from 2007 to 2011, the last time the Democrats held the chamber.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The full House of Representatives will formally vote on its next speaker on Jan. 3, the first day of Congress' next session.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Speaking to reporters as the votes were being counted down the hall, Pelosi said it was \"so inspiring to hear my colleagues place my name in nomination once again for speaker of the House.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Heading into the internal vote, Pelosi had faced the most serious challenge of her leadership tenure.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Sixteen House Democrats had signed a letter vowing to oppose her in January's floor vote for House speaker. While it was not enough to block Pelosi from being selected on Wednesday, the figure was just shy of the threshold of votes needed to keep Pelosi from winning the needed 218 votes on the House floor in January.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Two things have happened since the anti-Pelosi letter emerged.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>First, Democrats continued to win House races that had been too close to call on election night, slowly building their majority to what could ultimately be a 40-seat gain. Every additional Democrat-held seat gives Pelosi more space to win the speakership, even with several Democrats voting against her.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Second, Pelosi successfully defused the letter's threat by winning support from Ohio Rep. Marcia Fudge, the one Democrat who had considered challenging Pelosi for the speakership. Pelosi cut a deal with Fudge, creating a new House subcommittee on elections and naming Fudge as the chair.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Pelosi took a similar approach with several other House Democrats who had either promised to vote against her or had refused to say which way they would cast their ballots. She got New York Rep. Brian Higgins to go from signing the letter to endorsing her speaker bid by promising to work with Higgins on two of his priorities: lowering the age for Medicare eligibility and improving infrastructure.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In addition to selecting their nominee for speaker, Democrats are choosing their majority leader, majority whip and several other leadership positions.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In one small surprise, 48-year-old Rep. Hakeem Jeffries, D-N.Y., was elected as caucus chair, defeating Rep. Barbara Lee of California for the fourth-ranking leadership position.\u003c/p>\n\u003cdiv class=\"fullattribution\">Copyright 2018 NPR. To see more, visit https://www.npr.org.\u003cimg src=\"https://www.google-analytics.com/__utm.gif?utmac=UA-5828686-4&utmdt=Democrats+Pick+Nancy+Pelosi+As+House+Speaker%2C+Despite+Earlier+Internal+Opposition&utme=8(APIKey)9(MDAxOTAwOTE4MDEyMTkxMDAzNjczZDljZA004)\">\u003c/div>\n\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>",
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"disqusTitle": "FACT CHECK: What's Happening on the U.S.-Mexico Border?",
"title": "FACT CHECK: What's Happening on the U.S.-Mexico Border?",
"headTitle": "The California Report | KQED News",
"content": "\u003cp>\u003cstrong>\u003cem>Have a question about the migrant caravan for KQED? Ask it \u003ca href=\"https://modules.wearehearken.com/kqed/embed/2414/share\">here\u003c/a> -- and we may look into it. \u003c/em>\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The situation at the San Ysidro Land Port of Entry has been chaotic and confusing in recent days. And reactions from the American public suggest that photos and footage from the scene serve as a sort of Rorschach test.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>On Sunday, for instance, U.S. agents closed a major border crossing and \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/news/11708082/u-s-agents-spray-tear-gas-at-migrants-briefly-close-tijuana-border-entry\">fired tear gas at migrants\u003c/a> attempting to cross into the U.S. from Tijuana, Mexico. The migrants, many of whom had been part of a caravan of Central American asylum-seekers, were protesting the slow pace with which the U.S. has been processing asylum claims.\u003c/p>\n\u003caside class=\"alignright\">\n\u003ch3>\u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/news/11708219/tear-gassing-asylum-seekers\">Tear-Gassing Asylum-Seekers\u003c/a>\u003c/h3>\n\u003cfigure>\u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/news/11708219/tear-gassing-asylum-seekers\">\u003cimg src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2018/11/running_112618_final-1180x758.jpg\" alt=\"\">\u003c/a>\u003c/figure>\n\u003c/aside>\n\u003cp>For supporters of President Trump who advocate a crackdown on immigration, the events of Sunday showed migrants storming a protected border, confirming fears of an \"invasion\" of migrants defying U.S. laws.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>For Trump's critics and pro-immigration activists, the scene showed American patrol agents firing tear gas at an unarmed crowd, including children, reinforcing horror over the way the U.S. is treating immigrants.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Here's what we know about what's happening on the border.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Is the U.S.-Mexico border currently closed? \u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>No. The border has not been shut down. One port of entry was closed for a few hours on Sunday but has since reopened.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The port of entry in question — San Ysidro — is a big one. It's the busiest land border crossing in the Western Hemisphere. An average of 90,000 people pass north through the crossing each day, 70,000 in cars and 20,000 by foot.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11708501\" class=\"wp-caption alignnone\" style=\"max-width: 1800px\">\u003ca href=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2018/11/RS34148_migrant-caravan-shelter-FINAL-03-qut.jpg\">\u003cimg class=\"wp-image-11708501 size-full\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2018/11/RS34148_migrant-caravan-shelter-FINAL-03-qut.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"1800\" height=\"1198\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2018/11/RS34148_migrant-caravan-shelter-FINAL-03-qut.jpg 1800w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2018/11/RS34148_migrant-caravan-shelter-FINAL-03-qut-160x106.jpg 160w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2018/11/RS34148_migrant-caravan-shelter-FINAL-03-qut-800x532.jpg 800w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2018/11/RS34148_migrant-caravan-shelter-FINAL-03-qut-1020x679.jpg 1020w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2018/11/RS34148_migrant-caravan-shelter-FINAL-03-qut-1200x799.jpg 1200w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 1800px) 100vw, 1800px\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">People wait in line to enter a city sports facility that has been converted into a temporary shelter for people from a migrant caravan of mostly Hondurans who are arriving in Tijuana on Nov. 20, 2018. \u003ccite>(David Maung/KQED)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Could President Trump seal the border if he wished? \u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Yes. It is difficult to completely secure a border more than 1,900 miles long, but ports of entry could be shut down, \u003ca href=\"https://www.usatoday.com/story/news/politics/2018/10/18/trump-threatens-seal-southern-border-over-migrant-caravan-can-he/1684534002/\">as USA Today explains. \u003c/a>There is some precedent for such an action, although it's extreme.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>And as \u003ca href=\"https://qz.com/1428513/what-happens-if-trump-closes-the-us-mexico-border/\">Quartz notes\u003c/a>, that would only delay — not eliminate — the United States' legal responsibility to hear asylum claims.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>How many people are waiting in Mexico, hoping to cross into the U.S.? \u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003caside class=\"alignright\">\n\u003ch3>\u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/news/11707927/long-waits-in-tijuana-for-migrants-seeking-u-s-refuge\">Caravan Members Face Long Waits in Tijuana, Alongside Other Migrants Seeking U.S. Refuge\u003c/a>\u003c/h3>\n\u003cfigure>\u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/news/11707927/long-waits-in-tijuana-for-migrants-seeking-u-s-refuge\">\u003cimg src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2018/11/RS34068_chaparral-FINAL-01-qut-1180x785.jpg\" alt=\"\">\u003c/a>\u003c/figure>\n\u003c/aside>\n\u003cp>More than 5,000 migrants from Central America have reached the border town of Tijuana, as part of the caravan that traveled some 3,000 miles. Most are from Honduras, where gang violence is widespread and \u003ca href=\"https://www.npr.org/2012/02/12/146758628/who-rules-in-honduras-a-coups-lasting-impact\">a 2009 coup\u003c/a> triggered an ongoing political crisis. The U.S. has long played a key role in Honduran politics.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>All told, more than 7,000 migrants with the caravan have reached the state of Baja California, where Tijuana is located, according to the Mexican government.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>And there were other migrants waiting in Tijuana even before the caravan members began to arrive, reporter James Fredrick notes.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Several hundred migrants were involved in the confrontation on Sunday.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Why were the migrants protesting over the weekend?\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Many of the migrants say they want to seek asylum in the U.S., which is not illegal — in fact, the right to seek asylum is protected by both U.S. and international law.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>However, authorities at legal border crossings have been limiting the number of people who can request asylum. Only 40 to 100 people are allowed each day, Fredrick says.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"People in the caravan who want to request asylum, they're looking at months to even be heard first by U.S. authorities, and then for that claim to be processed can take months or even years,\" Fredrick tells NPR.\u003c/p>\n\u003caside class=\"alignright\">\n\u003ch3>\u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/news/11705361/trumps-move-to-limit-asylum-is-challenged-in-court\">Trump's Move to Limit Asylum is Challenged in Court\u003c/a>\u003c/h3>\n\u003cfigure>\u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/news/11705361/trumps-move-to-limit-asylum-is-challenged-in-court\">\u003cimg src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2018/11/RS32045_IMG_1721-qut-1180x787.jpg\" alt=\"\">\u003c/a>\u003c/figure>\n\u003c/aside>\n\u003cp>Migrants were protesting that delay.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>A spokesman for CBP told NPR's Joel Rose that San Ysidro is limited by its facilities, which can hold up to 300 people, and that the port of entry can process about 100 people per day under ideal conditions.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The federal government is aware that asylum-seekers face a backlog. A report from the Department of Homeland Security's Office of Inspector General \u003ca href=\"https://www.oig.dhs.gov/sites/default/files/assets/2018-10/OIG-18-84-Sep18.pdf\">published in September\u003c/a> described the issue.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The U.S. government has encouraged all asylum-seekers to go to ports of entry, rather than along the rest of the border. At the same time, authorities are limiting the volume of asylum-seekers allowed at ports of entry. The \"competing directives\" have created a backlog, OIG found, likely causing more migrants to enter the country illegally.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Earlier this month the Trump administration \u003ca href=\"https://www.npr.org/2018/11/09/666038481/trump-administration-aims-to-deny-asylum-to-migrants-who-enter-u-s-illegally\">announced new measures\u003c/a> aimed at denying asylum to migrants who enter the country illegally. A federal court later \u003ca href=\"https://www.npr.org/2018/11/20/669471110/federal-court-blocks-trump-administrations-asylum-ban\">blocked\u003c/a> that effort.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>What happened on Sunday? \u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>It was a peaceful protest at first, says Fredrick, who witnessed the events in Tijuana. Mexican federal police attempted to contain the crowd, but some migrants were able to pass the Mexican police.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"They went down into this kind of riverbank, where there is not that giant steel fence that divides the U.S. and Mexico,\" he says. \"It's a chain-link fence and barbed wire. A group of them started pushing up against that fence.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>At that point, U.S. agents began firing tear gas into the crowd for the first time. Tear gas was used again several times.\u003c/p>\n\u003caside class=\"alignright\">\n\u003ch3>\u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/news/11708306/bay-area-lawmakers-criticize-border-patrols-use-of-tear-gas-on-migrants\">Bay Area Lawmakers Criticize Border Agents' Use of Tear Gas on Migrants\u003c/a>\u003c/h3>\n\u003cfigure>\u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/news/11708306/bay-area-lawmakers-criticize-border-patrols-use-of-tear-gas-on-migrants\">\u003cimg src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2018/11/TearGas1920.jpg\" alt=\"\">\u003c/a>\u003c/figure>\n\u003c/aside>\n\u003cp>It was a windy day, and the tear gas drifted at least half a mile, Fredrick \u003ca href=\"https://www.npr.org/2018/11/25/670695100/u-s-closes-major-san-diego-port-of-entry-as-migrants-converge-at-border\">reported Sunday\u003c/a>. Families with children, including some far from the altercation at the fence, felt its effects.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Ninety-eight migrants were arrested by Mexican authorities south of the border.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Rodney Scott, chief patrol agent of the San Diego Sector Border Patrol, \u003ca href=\"https://twitter.com/NewDay/status/1067046163881189382\">told CNN on Monday\u003c/a> that about 42 people were arrested on the U.S. side of the border, including eight women and \"a few children.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Some of the migrants threw rocks, and Border Patrol agents \"deployed tear gas to protect themselves and to protect the border,\" Scott said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>He said several agents were struck by rocks but were not injured because they were wearing tactical gear, including helmets and bulletproof vests.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11708519\" class=\"wp-caption alignnone\" style=\"max-width: 1920px\">\u003ca href=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2018/11/GettyImages-1072797630-e1543359019799.jpg\">\u003cimg class=\"wp-image-11708519 size-full\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2018/11/GettyImages-1072797630-e1543359019799.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"1920\" height=\"1310\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2018/11/GettyImages-1072797630-e1543359019799.jpg 1920w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2018/11/GettyImages-1072797630-e1543359019799-160x109.jpg 160w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2018/11/GettyImages-1072797630-e1543359019799-800x546.jpg 800w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2018/11/GettyImages-1072797630-e1543359019799-1020x696.jpg 1020w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2018/11/GettyImages-1072797630-e1543359019799-1200x819.jpg 1200w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 1920px) 100vw, 1920px\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">U.S. Border Patrol agents stand watch on the U.S. side of the U.S.-Mexico border fence at dusk on Nov. 26, 2018, in Tijuana, Mexico. \u003ccite>(Mario Tama/Getty Images)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>What's the role of the military along the border? \u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>President Trump has sent nearly 6,000 U.S. troops, including military engineers and military police, to the U.S.-Mexico border to support Customs and Border Protection. The military police are not supposed to carry out law enforcement duties, but they can protect CBP officials.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>While local police and CBP agents have firepower, military leaders and spokesmen have repeatedly said that the military police at the border are unarmed. Secretary of Defense James Mattis said Wednesday that military police would carry shields and batons, not firearms.\u003c/p>\n\u003caside class=\"alignright\">\n\u003ch3>\u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/news/11705958/u-s-hardens-border-at-tijuana-to-prepare-for-migrant-caravan\">U.S. Hardens Border at Tijuana to Prepare for Migrant Caravan\u003c/a>\u003c/h3>\n\u003cfigure>\u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/news/11705958/u-s-hardens-border-at-tijuana-to-prepare-for-migrant-caravan\">\u003cimg src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2018/11/GettyImages-1061160044-1180x787.jpg\" alt=\"\">\u003c/a>\u003c/figure>\n\u003c/aside>\n\u003cp>Armed Border Patrol tactical units are deployed at the border to protect Border Patrol agents. Backing up these tactical units are unarmed military police with protective shields and batons. The military police are not supposed to engage migrants but are there in a support role to back up the Border Patrol.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>A total of 1,800 troops are in California as of Monday, an increase compared with recent weeks. Some of the military police — it's not clear how many — participated in the border action over the weekend.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>U.S. Northern Command said the military provided nonlethal assistance, did not have contact with migrants and were not involved in deploying tear gas.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>It's not yet clear what their role was.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Does the military have authorization to use lethal force?\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>President Trump has said that he's \"given the OK\" for U.S. forces to \"use lethal force\" against the migrant caravan.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But according to a White House memo from last week, which was acquired by multiple media outlets, the decision to use lethal force is limited to protecting federal agents — and at the discretion of the secretary of Defense.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>And Mattis, in a briefing last week, said that the Department of Homeland Security has issued no call for lethal force. On Monday, CBP \u003ca href=\"https://www.cbp.gov/newsroom/spotlights/moving-people-and-materials-cbp-and-dod-unite-tackle-logistics-operation-secure\">described\u003c/a> the military's role as helping put up barriers along the border — with no mention of force.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The memo expanding the military's powers was signed by White House Chief of Staff John Kelly, which is unusual. It was \u003ca href=\"https://www.politico.com/story/2018/11/22/kelly-nielsen-debate-border-troops-1012547\">reportedly\u003c/a> opposed by both Mattis and Secretary of Homeland Security Kirstjen Nielsen.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>U.S. troops have always had the right to act in their own self-defense.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11708492\" class=\"wp-caption alignnone\" style=\"max-width: 1920px\">\u003ca href=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2018/11/RS34171_Caravana_11152018_006-qut.jpg\">\u003cimg class=\"size-full wp-image-11708492\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2018/11/RS34171_Caravana_11152018_006-qut.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"1920\" height=\"1280\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2018/11/RS34171_Caravana_11152018_006-qut.jpg 1920w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2018/11/RS34171_Caravana_11152018_006-qut-160x107.jpg 160w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2018/11/RS34171_Caravana_11152018_006-qut-800x533.jpg 800w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2018/11/RS34171_Caravana_11152018_006-qut-1020x680.jpg 1020w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2018/11/RS34171_Caravana_11152018_006-qut-1200x800.jpg 1200w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 1920px) 100vw, 1920px\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">In the Mexican border city of Tijuana, thousands of Central American migrants traveling together in an exodus known as the \"Caravan\" continued arriving in the city Nov. 15, 2018. Here, migrants rest in the temporary shelter operated by the Mexican government at the Unidad Deportiva Benito Juárez sports center. \u003ccite>(Erin Siegal McIntyre/KQED)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Are the number of border crossings increasing or at a historic high? \u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>No. As \u003ca href=\"https://www.npr.org/2018/11/02/663532238/fact-check-migrants-are-not-overwhelming-the-southwest-border\">Joel Rose reported this month,\u003c/a> the total number of migrants apprehended at the border last year is actually down slightly, to about 521,000, and remains far below the numbers that were routine in the 1990s and 2000s.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The difference, according to the Trump administration, is the kind of migrants turning up at the border. In the past, migrants were largely single adults who could be deported quickly. Today's migrants are more likely from Central America and part of family units. That means they have greater protections under U.S. law, and it may take months or years to deport them. In the meantime, hundreds of thousands have been released into this country, awaiting their day in court.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Has the U.S. made a deal with Mexico that would keep asylum-seekers south of the border as their claims are processed? \u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>It appears that the initial reports of a deal between the U.S. and Mexico to keep asylum-seekers in Mexico were premature, but not inaccurate.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>The Washington Post\u003c/em> first \u003ca href=\"https://www.washingtonpost.com/world/national-security/deal-with-mexico-paves-way-for-asylum-overhaul-at-us-border/2018/11/24/87b9570a-ef74-11e8-9236-bb94154151d2_story.html?utm_term=.013e07e46a26\">reported\u003c/a> on Saturday that a tentative deal with Mexico had been reached, adding that \"no formal agreement has been signed.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>The Post\u003c/em> offered these details:\u003c/p>\n\u003cblockquote>\u003cp>\"According to outlines of the plan, known as Remain in Mexico, asylum applicants at the border will have to stay in Mexico while their cases are processed, potentially ending the system, which Trump decries as 'catch and release,'\" that has generally allowed those seeking refuge to wait on safer U.S. soil.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"For now, we have agreed to this policy of Remain in Mexico,\" said Olga Sánchez Cordero, Mexico's incoming interior minister, the top domestic policy official for López Obrador, who takes office Dec. 1. In an interview with The Washington Post, she called it a 'short-term solution.'\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"The medium- and long-term solution is that people don't migrate,\" Sánchez Cordero said. 'Mexico has open arms and everything, but imagine one caravan after another after another. That would also be a problem for us.'\"\u003c/p>\u003c/blockquote>\n\u003cp>Within hours, the incoming Mexican government appeared to pull back from the deal. In a \u003ca href=\"https://lopezobrador.org.mx/2018/11/24/respuesta-de-olga-sanchez-cordero-a-the-washington-post/\">statement\u003c/a>, Sánchez Cordero declared that \"there is no agreement of any kind\" between the U.S. and Mexican governments, \"since the next president, Andrés Manuel López Obrador, will take office on December 1.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>However, the statement doesn't really deny that there have been some negotiations between the two countries on how to handle the migrant caravan. It also implies that López Obrador's incoming government cannot yet announce any deal, if there is one, because he has not taken authority.\u003c/p>\n\u003caside class=\"alignright\">\n\u003ch3>\u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/news/11706843/tijuana-struggles-to-shelter-migrants-combat-hostility-of-some-local-residents\">Tijuana Struggles to Shelter Migrants, Combat Hostility of Some Local Residents\u003c/a>\u003c/h3>\n\u003cfigure>\u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/news/11706843/tijuana-struggles-to-shelter-migrants-combat-hostility-of-some-local-residents\">\u003cimg src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2018/11/Peluqueria_005-e1542403507849.jpg\" alt=\"\">\u003c/a>\u003c/figure>\n\u003c/aside>\n\u003cp>The statement does say that Mexico won't become a \"safe third country\" for the asylum-seekers. That refers to a specific arrangement sought by American officials under which the Central American migrants would be required to seek asylum in Mexico rather than in the U.S. As \u003cem>The Post\u003c/em> \u003ca href=\"https://www.washingtonpost.com/world/the_americas/us-and-mexico-discussing-a-deal-that-could-slash-migration-at-the-border/2018/07/10/34e68f72-7ef2-11e8-a63f-7b5d2aba7ac5_story.html?utm_term=.97ef1ac4a905\">reported\u003c/a> in July, the Mexican government never warmed up to that idea.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Under the \"Remain in Mexico\" policy, \u003cem>The Post \u003c/em>\u003ca href=\"https://www.washingtonpost.com/world/national-security/trump-plan-would-force-asylum-seekers-to-wait-in-mexico-as-cases-are-processed-a-major-break-with-current-policy/2018/11/21/5ad47e82-ede8-11e8-9236-bb94154151d2_story.html?utm_term=.93fbff154c3a\">reports\u003c/a> asylum-seekers would be screened in interviews allowing them to claim a \"credible fear\" of persecution in their homeland if they return there. They also would have to establish a \"reasonable fear\" of persecution in Mexico if they remain there. Only those determined to have a \"reasonable fear\" of staying in Mexico would be allowed into the U.S. to await an asylum hearing. All others would have to wait in Mexico to apply for asylum.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Immigrant advocates say they are monitoring the reports of negotiations between the two governments.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"We are going to wait to see precisely what the president proposes,\" said Lee Gelernt, an attorney with the American Civil Liberties Union (ACLU) in an interview with NPR.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad floatright]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"But one thing we know right off the bat is that it cannot be legal unless they can assure all the asylum-seekers who will be stranded in Mexico ... will be safe — not only from persecution by state actors in Mexico, but by criminal gangs. And from what we know about what's going on, we see no likelihood that that is going to be true. And so because that's part of the legal analysis, whether the asylum-seekers will be safe in Mexico, we can't imagine any proposal will be legal.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cdiv class=\"fullattribution\">Copyright 2018 NPR. To see more, visit \u003ca href=\"https://www.npr.org\">https://www.npr.org\u003c/a>.\u003cimg src=\"https://www.google-analytics.com/__utm.gif?utmac=UA-5828686-4&utmdt=FACT+CHECK%3A+What%27s+Happening+On+The+U.S.-Mexico+Border%3F&utme=8(APIKey)9(MDAxOTAwOTE4MDEyMTkxMDAzNjczZDljZA004)\">\u003c/div>\n\n",
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"excerpt": "On Sunday, U.S. agents fired tear gas at migrants trying to cross into San Diego from Tijuana, Mexico. The migrants were protesting the slow pace with which the U.S. has been processing asylum claims.",
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"description": "On Sunday, U.S. agents fired tear gas at migrants trying to cross into San Diego from Tijuana, Mexico. The migrants were protesting the slow pace with which the U.S. has been processing asylum claims.",
"title": "FACT CHECK: What's Happening on the U.S.-Mexico Border? | KQED",
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"headline": "FACT CHECK: What's Happening on the U.S.-Mexico Border?",
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"nprByline": "\u003cstrong>\u003ca href=\"https://www.npr.org/people/2100569/richard-gonzales\">Richard Gonzales\u003c/a>\u003c/strong>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>\u003cstrong>\u003cem>Have a question about the migrant caravan for KQED? Ask it \u003ca href=\"https://modules.wearehearken.com/kqed/embed/2414/share\">here\u003c/a> -- and we may look into it. \u003c/em>\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The situation at the San Ysidro Land Port of Entry has been chaotic and confusing in recent days. And reactions from the American public suggest that photos and footage from the scene serve as a sort of Rorschach test.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>On Sunday, for instance, U.S. agents closed a major border crossing and \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/news/11708082/u-s-agents-spray-tear-gas-at-migrants-briefly-close-tijuana-border-entry\">fired tear gas at migrants\u003c/a> attempting to cross into the U.S. from Tijuana, Mexico. The migrants, many of whom had been part of a caravan of Central American asylum-seekers, were protesting the slow pace with which the U.S. has been processing asylum claims.\u003c/p>\n\u003caside class=\"alignright\">\n\u003ch3>\u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/news/11708219/tear-gassing-asylum-seekers\">Tear-Gassing Asylum-Seekers\u003c/a>\u003c/h3>\n\u003cfigure>\u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/news/11708219/tear-gassing-asylum-seekers\">\u003cimg src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2018/11/running_112618_final-1180x758.jpg\" alt=\"\">\u003c/a>\u003c/figure>\n\u003c/aside>\n\u003cp>For supporters of President Trump who advocate a crackdown on immigration, the events of Sunday showed migrants storming a protected border, confirming fears of an \"invasion\" of migrants defying U.S. laws.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>For Trump's critics and pro-immigration activists, the scene showed American patrol agents firing tear gas at an unarmed crowd, including children, reinforcing horror over the way the U.S. is treating immigrants.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Here's what we know about what's happening on the border.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Is the U.S.-Mexico border currently closed? \u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>No. The border has not been shut down. One port of entry was closed for a few hours on Sunday but has since reopened.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The port of entry in question — San Ysidro — is a big one. It's the busiest land border crossing in the Western Hemisphere. An average of 90,000 people pass north through the crossing each day, 70,000 in cars and 20,000 by foot.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11708501\" class=\"wp-caption alignnone\" style=\"max-width: 1800px\">\u003ca href=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2018/11/RS34148_migrant-caravan-shelter-FINAL-03-qut.jpg\">\u003cimg class=\"wp-image-11708501 size-full\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2018/11/RS34148_migrant-caravan-shelter-FINAL-03-qut.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"1800\" height=\"1198\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2018/11/RS34148_migrant-caravan-shelter-FINAL-03-qut.jpg 1800w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2018/11/RS34148_migrant-caravan-shelter-FINAL-03-qut-160x106.jpg 160w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2018/11/RS34148_migrant-caravan-shelter-FINAL-03-qut-800x532.jpg 800w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2018/11/RS34148_migrant-caravan-shelter-FINAL-03-qut-1020x679.jpg 1020w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2018/11/RS34148_migrant-caravan-shelter-FINAL-03-qut-1200x799.jpg 1200w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 1800px) 100vw, 1800px\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">People wait in line to enter a city sports facility that has been converted into a temporary shelter for people from a migrant caravan of mostly Hondurans who are arriving in Tijuana on Nov. 20, 2018. \u003ccite>(David Maung/KQED)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Could President Trump seal the border if he wished? \u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Yes. It is difficult to completely secure a border more than 1,900 miles long, but ports of entry could be shut down, \u003ca href=\"https://www.usatoday.com/story/news/politics/2018/10/18/trump-threatens-seal-southern-border-over-migrant-caravan-can-he/1684534002/\">as USA Today explains. \u003c/a>There is some precedent for such an action, although it's extreme.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>And as \u003ca href=\"https://qz.com/1428513/what-happens-if-trump-closes-the-us-mexico-border/\">Quartz notes\u003c/a>, that would only delay — not eliminate — the United States' legal responsibility to hear asylum claims.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>How many people are waiting in Mexico, hoping to cross into the U.S.? \u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003caside class=\"alignright\">\n\u003ch3>\u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/news/11707927/long-waits-in-tijuana-for-migrants-seeking-u-s-refuge\">Caravan Members Face Long Waits in Tijuana, Alongside Other Migrants Seeking U.S. Refuge\u003c/a>\u003c/h3>\n\u003cfigure>\u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/news/11707927/long-waits-in-tijuana-for-migrants-seeking-u-s-refuge\">\u003cimg src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2018/11/RS34068_chaparral-FINAL-01-qut-1180x785.jpg\" alt=\"\">\u003c/a>\u003c/figure>\n\u003c/aside>\n\u003cp>More than 5,000 migrants from Central America have reached the border town of Tijuana, as part of the caravan that traveled some 3,000 miles. Most are from Honduras, where gang violence is widespread and \u003ca href=\"https://www.npr.org/2012/02/12/146758628/who-rules-in-honduras-a-coups-lasting-impact\">a 2009 coup\u003c/a> triggered an ongoing political crisis. The U.S. has long played a key role in Honduran politics.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>All told, more than 7,000 migrants with the caravan have reached the state of Baja California, where Tijuana is located, according to the Mexican government.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>And there were other migrants waiting in Tijuana even before the caravan members began to arrive, reporter James Fredrick notes.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Several hundred migrants were involved in the confrontation on Sunday.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Why were the migrants protesting over the weekend?\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Many of the migrants say they want to seek asylum in the U.S., which is not illegal — in fact, the right to seek asylum is protected by both U.S. and international law.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>However, authorities at legal border crossings have been limiting the number of people who can request asylum. Only 40 to 100 people are allowed each day, Fredrick says.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"People in the caravan who want to request asylum, they're looking at months to even be heard first by U.S. authorities, and then for that claim to be processed can take months or even years,\" Fredrick tells NPR.\u003c/p>\n\u003caside class=\"alignright\">\n\u003ch3>\u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/news/11705361/trumps-move-to-limit-asylum-is-challenged-in-court\">Trump's Move to Limit Asylum is Challenged in Court\u003c/a>\u003c/h3>\n\u003cfigure>\u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/news/11705361/trumps-move-to-limit-asylum-is-challenged-in-court\">\u003cimg src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2018/11/RS32045_IMG_1721-qut-1180x787.jpg\" alt=\"\">\u003c/a>\u003c/figure>\n\u003c/aside>\n\u003cp>Migrants were protesting that delay.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>A spokesman for CBP told NPR's Joel Rose that San Ysidro is limited by its facilities, which can hold up to 300 people, and that the port of entry can process about 100 people per day under ideal conditions.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The federal government is aware that asylum-seekers face a backlog. A report from the Department of Homeland Security's Office of Inspector General \u003ca href=\"https://www.oig.dhs.gov/sites/default/files/assets/2018-10/OIG-18-84-Sep18.pdf\">published in September\u003c/a> described the issue.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The U.S. government has encouraged all asylum-seekers to go to ports of entry, rather than along the rest of the border. At the same time, authorities are limiting the volume of asylum-seekers allowed at ports of entry. The \"competing directives\" have created a backlog, OIG found, likely causing more migrants to enter the country illegally.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Earlier this month the Trump administration \u003ca href=\"https://www.npr.org/2018/11/09/666038481/trump-administration-aims-to-deny-asylum-to-migrants-who-enter-u-s-illegally\">announced new measures\u003c/a> aimed at denying asylum to migrants who enter the country illegally. A federal court later \u003ca href=\"https://www.npr.org/2018/11/20/669471110/federal-court-blocks-trump-administrations-asylum-ban\">blocked\u003c/a> that effort.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>What happened on Sunday? \u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>It was a peaceful protest at first, says Fredrick, who witnessed the events in Tijuana. Mexican federal police attempted to contain the crowd, but some migrants were able to pass the Mexican police.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"They went down into this kind of riverbank, where there is not that giant steel fence that divides the U.S. and Mexico,\" he says. \"It's a chain-link fence and barbed wire. A group of them started pushing up against that fence.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>At that point, U.S. agents began firing tear gas into the crowd for the first time. Tear gas was used again several times.\u003c/p>\n\u003caside class=\"alignright\">\n\u003ch3>\u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/news/11708306/bay-area-lawmakers-criticize-border-patrols-use-of-tear-gas-on-migrants\">Bay Area Lawmakers Criticize Border Agents' Use of Tear Gas on Migrants\u003c/a>\u003c/h3>\n\u003cfigure>\u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/news/11708306/bay-area-lawmakers-criticize-border-patrols-use-of-tear-gas-on-migrants\">\u003cimg src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2018/11/TearGas1920.jpg\" alt=\"\">\u003c/a>\u003c/figure>\n\u003c/aside>\n\u003cp>It was a windy day, and the tear gas drifted at least half a mile, Fredrick \u003ca href=\"https://www.npr.org/2018/11/25/670695100/u-s-closes-major-san-diego-port-of-entry-as-migrants-converge-at-border\">reported Sunday\u003c/a>. Families with children, including some far from the altercation at the fence, felt its effects.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Ninety-eight migrants were arrested by Mexican authorities south of the border.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Rodney Scott, chief patrol agent of the San Diego Sector Border Patrol, \u003ca href=\"https://twitter.com/NewDay/status/1067046163881189382\">told CNN on Monday\u003c/a> that about 42 people were arrested on the U.S. side of the border, including eight women and \"a few children.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Some of the migrants threw rocks, and Border Patrol agents \"deployed tear gas to protect themselves and to protect the border,\" Scott said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>He said several agents were struck by rocks but were not injured because they were wearing tactical gear, including helmets and bulletproof vests.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11708519\" class=\"wp-caption alignnone\" style=\"max-width: 1920px\">\u003ca href=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2018/11/GettyImages-1072797630-e1543359019799.jpg\">\u003cimg class=\"wp-image-11708519 size-full\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2018/11/GettyImages-1072797630-e1543359019799.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"1920\" height=\"1310\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2018/11/GettyImages-1072797630-e1543359019799.jpg 1920w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2018/11/GettyImages-1072797630-e1543359019799-160x109.jpg 160w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2018/11/GettyImages-1072797630-e1543359019799-800x546.jpg 800w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2018/11/GettyImages-1072797630-e1543359019799-1020x696.jpg 1020w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2018/11/GettyImages-1072797630-e1543359019799-1200x819.jpg 1200w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 1920px) 100vw, 1920px\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">U.S. Border Patrol agents stand watch on the U.S. side of the U.S.-Mexico border fence at dusk on Nov. 26, 2018, in Tijuana, Mexico. \u003ccite>(Mario Tama/Getty Images)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>What's the role of the military along the border? \u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>President Trump has sent nearly 6,000 U.S. troops, including military engineers and military police, to the U.S.-Mexico border to support Customs and Border Protection. The military police are not supposed to carry out law enforcement duties, but they can protect CBP officials.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>While local police and CBP agents have firepower, military leaders and spokesmen have repeatedly said that the military police at the border are unarmed. Secretary of Defense James Mattis said Wednesday that military police would carry shields and batons, not firearms.\u003c/p>\n\u003caside class=\"alignright\">\n\u003ch3>\u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/news/11705958/u-s-hardens-border-at-tijuana-to-prepare-for-migrant-caravan\">U.S. Hardens Border at Tijuana to Prepare for Migrant Caravan\u003c/a>\u003c/h3>\n\u003cfigure>\u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/news/11705958/u-s-hardens-border-at-tijuana-to-prepare-for-migrant-caravan\">\u003cimg src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2018/11/GettyImages-1061160044-1180x787.jpg\" alt=\"\">\u003c/a>\u003c/figure>\n\u003c/aside>\n\u003cp>Armed Border Patrol tactical units are deployed at the border to protect Border Patrol agents. Backing up these tactical units are unarmed military police with protective shields and batons. The military police are not supposed to engage migrants but are there in a support role to back up the Border Patrol.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>A total of 1,800 troops are in California as of Monday, an increase compared with recent weeks. Some of the military police — it's not clear how many — participated in the border action over the weekend.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>U.S. Northern Command said the military provided nonlethal assistance, did not have contact with migrants and were not involved in deploying tear gas.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>It's not yet clear what their role was.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Does the military have authorization to use lethal force?\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>President Trump has said that he's \"given the OK\" for U.S. forces to \"use lethal force\" against the migrant caravan.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But according to a White House memo from last week, which was acquired by multiple media outlets, the decision to use lethal force is limited to protecting federal agents — and at the discretion of the secretary of Defense.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>And Mattis, in a briefing last week, said that the Department of Homeland Security has issued no call for lethal force. On Monday, CBP \u003ca href=\"https://www.cbp.gov/newsroom/spotlights/moving-people-and-materials-cbp-and-dod-unite-tackle-logistics-operation-secure\">described\u003c/a> the military's role as helping put up barriers along the border — with no mention of force.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The memo expanding the military's powers was signed by White House Chief of Staff John Kelly, which is unusual. It was \u003ca href=\"https://www.politico.com/story/2018/11/22/kelly-nielsen-debate-border-troops-1012547\">reportedly\u003c/a> opposed by both Mattis and Secretary of Homeland Security Kirstjen Nielsen.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>U.S. troops have always had the right to act in their own self-defense.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11708492\" class=\"wp-caption alignnone\" style=\"max-width: 1920px\">\u003ca href=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2018/11/RS34171_Caravana_11152018_006-qut.jpg\">\u003cimg class=\"size-full wp-image-11708492\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2018/11/RS34171_Caravana_11152018_006-qut.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"1920\" height=\"1280\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2018/11/RS34171_Caravana_11152018_006-qut.jpg 1920w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2018/11/RS34171_Caravana_11152018_006-qut-160x107.jpg 160w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2018/11/RS34171_Caravana_11152018_006-qut-800x533.jpg 800w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2018/11/RS34171_Caravana_11152018_006-qut-1020x680.jpg 1020w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2018/11/RS34171_Caravana_11152018_006-qut-1200x800.jpg 1200w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 1920px) 100vw, 1920px\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">In the Mexican border city of Tijuana, thousands of Central American migrants traveling together in an exodus known as the \"Caravan\" continued arriving in the city Nov. 15, 2018. Here, migrants rest in the temporary shelter operated by the Mexican government at the Unidad Deportiva Benito Juárez sports center. \u003ccite>(Erin Siegal McIntyre/KQED)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Are the number of border crossings increasing or at a historic high? \u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>No. As \u003ca href=\"https://www.npr.org/2018/11/02/663532238/fact-check-migrants-are-not-overwhelming-the-southwest-border\">Joel Rose reported this month,\u003c/a> the total number of migrants apprehended at the border last year is actually down slightly, to about 521,000, and remains far below the numbers that were routine in the 1990s and 2000s.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The difference, according to the Trump administration, is the kind of migrants turning up at the border. In the past, migrants were largely single adults who could be deported quickly. Today's migrants are more likely from Central America and part of family units. That means they have greater protections under U.S. law, and it may take months or years to deport them. In the meantime, hundreds of thousands have been released into this country, awaiting their day in court.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Has the U.S. made a deal with Mexico that would keep asylum-seekers south of the border as their claims are processed? \u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>It appears that the initial reports of a deal between the U.S. and Mexico to keep asylum-seekers in Mexico were premature, but not inaccurate.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>The Washington Post\u003c/em> first \u003ca href=\"https://www.washingtonpost.com/world/national-security/deal-with-mexico-paves-way-for-asylum-overhaul-at-us-border/2018/11/24/87b9570a-ef74-11e8-9236-bb94154151d2_story.html?utm_term=.013e07e46a26\">reported\u003c/a> on Saturday that a tentative deal with Mexico had been reached, adding that \"no formal agreement has been signed.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>The Post\u003c/em> offered these details:\u003c/p>\n\u003cblockquote>\u003cp>\"According to outlines of the plan, known as Remain in Mexico, asylum applicants at the border will have to stay in Mexico while their cases are processed, potentially ending the system, which Trump decries as 'catch and release,'\" that has generally allowed those seeking refuge to wait on safer U.S. soil.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"For now, we have agreed to this policy of Remain in Mexico,\" said Olga Sánchez Cordero, Mexico's incoming interior minister, the top domestic policy official for López Obrador, who takes office Dec. 1. In an interview with The Washington Post, she called it a 'short-term solution.'\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"The medium- and long-term solution is that people don't migrate,\" Sánchez Cordero said. 'Mexico has open arms and everything, but imagine one caravan after another after another. That would also be a problem for us.'\"\u003c/p>\u003c/blockquote>\n\u003cp>Within hours, the incoming Mexican government appeared to pull back from the deal. In a \u003ca href=\"https://lopezobrador.org.mx/2018/11/24/respuesta-de-olga-sanchez-cordero-a-the-washington-post/\">statement\u003c/a>, Sánchez Cordero declared that \"there is no agreement of any kind\" between the U.S. and Mexican governments, \"since the next president, Andrés Manuel López Obrador, will take office on December 1.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>However, the statement doesn't really deny that there have been some negotiations between the two countries on how to handle the migrant caravan. It also implies that López Obrador's incoming government cannot yet announce any deal, if there is one, because he has not taken authority.\u003c/p>\n\u003caside class=\"alignright\">\n\u003ch3>\u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/news/11706843/tijuana-struggles-to-shelter-migrants-combat-hostility-of-some-local-residents\">Tijuana Struggles to Shelter Migrants, Combat Hostility of Some Local Residents\u003c/a>\u003c/h3>\n\u003cfigure>\u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/news/11706843/tijuana-struggles-to-shelter-migrants-combat-hostility-of-some-local-residents\">\u003cimg src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2018/11/Peluqueria_005-e1542403507849.jpg\" alt=\"\">\u003c/a>\u003c/figure>\n\u003c/aside>\n\u003cp>The statement does say that Mexico won't become a \"safe third country\" for the asylum-seekers. That refers to a specific arrangement sought by American officials under which the Central American migrants would be required to seek asylum in Mexico rather than in the U.S. As \u003cem>The Post\u003c/em> \u003ca href=\"https://www.washingtonpost.com/world/the_americas/us-and-mexico-discussing-a-deal-that-could-slash-migration-at-the-border/2018/07/10/34e68f72-7ef2-11e8-a63f-7b5d2aba7ac5_story.html?utm_term=.97ef1ac4a905\">reported\u003c/a> in July, the Mexican government never warmed up to that idea.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Under the \"Remain in Mexico\" policy, \u003cem>The Post \u003c/em>\u003ca href=\"https://www.washingtonpost.com/world/national-security/trump-plan-would-force-asylum-seekers-to-wait-in-mexico-as-cases-are-processed-a-major-break-with-current-policy/2018/11/21/5ad47e82-ede8-11e8-9236-bb94154151d2_story.html?utm_term=.93fbff154c3a\">reports\u003c/a> asylum-seekers would be screened in interviews allowing them to claim a \"credible fear\" of persecution in their homeland if they return there. They also would have to establish a \"reasonable fear\" of persecution in Mexico if they remain there. Only those determined to have a \"reasonable fear\" of staying in Mexico would be allowed into the U.S. to await an asylum hearing. All others would have to wait in Mexico to apply for asylum.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Immigrant advocates say they are monitoring the reports of negotiations between the two governments.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"We are going to wait to see precisely what the president proposes,\" said Lee Gelernt, an attorney with the American Civil Liberties Union (ACLU) in an interview with NPR.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"But one thing we know right off the bat is that it cannot be legal unless they can assure all the asylum-seekers who will be stranded in Mexico ... will be safe — not only from persecution by state actors in Mexico, but by criminal gangs. And from what we know about what's going on, we see no likelihood that that is going to be true. And so because that's part of the legal analysis, whether the asylum-seekers will be safe in Mexico, we can't imagine any proposal will be legal.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cdiv class=\"fullattribution\">Copyright 2018 NPR. To see more, visit \u003ca href=\"https://www.npr.org\">https://www.npr.org\u003c/a>.\u003cimg src=\"https://www.google-analytics.com/__utm.gif?utmac=UA-5828686-4&utmdt=FACT+CHECK%3A+What%27s+Happening+On+The+U.S.-Mexico+Border%3F&utme=8(APIKey)9(MDAxOTAwOTE4MDEyMTkxMDAzNjczZDljZA004)\">\u003c/div>\n\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>",
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"disqusTitle": "'We're Taking a Stand': Google Workers Protest Plans for Censored Search in China",
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"content": "\u003cp>Several Google employees have gone public with their opposition to the tech giant's plans for building a search engine tailored to China's censorship demands.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The project, code-named Dragonfly, would block certain websites and search terms determined by the Chinese government — a move that, according to a growing number of workers at Google, is tantamount to enabling \"state surveillance.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"We are among thousands of employees who have raised our voices for months. International human rights organizations and investigative reporters have also sounded the alarm, emphasizing serious human rights concerns and repeatedly calling on Google to cancel the project,\" said the letter's signatories, whose group initially numbered nine employees but has ballooned since \u003ca href=\"https://medium.com/@googlersagainstdragonfly/we-are-google-employees-google-must-drop-dragonfly-4c8a30c5e5eb\">its publication on Medium\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"So far,\" they added, \"our leadership's response has been unsatisfactory.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In a draft shared with NPR before its publication, the employees at first claimed that the company's leadership had offered \"no satisfactory answers\" at all.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Reached by NPR on Tuesday, Google declined to comment on the letter, pointing instead to a previous statement about the project.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"We've been investing for many years to help Chinese users, from developing Android, through mobile apps such as Google Translate and Files Go, and our developer tools,\" a spokesperson said. \"But our work on search has been exploratory, and we are not close to launching a search product in China.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>News of the program first surfaced on the website The Intercept, which \u003ca href=\"https://theintercept.com/2018/08/01/google-china-search-engine-censorship/\">reported in August \u003c/a>that the customized search engine would \"blacklist websites and search terms about human rights, democracy, religion, and peaceful protest.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>As NPR's Jasmine Garsd explained, those terms would likely include such words as \"repression,\" \"Nobel Prize\" and \"Tiananmen Square,\" the Beijing landmark where Chinese authorities \u003ca href=\"https://www.npr.org/blogs/parallels/2014/06/03/318454674/june-4-the-day-that-defines-and-still-haunts-china\">brutally subdued\u003c/a> mass protests nearly three decades ago.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"And this is really important,\" she \u003ca href=\"https://www.npr.org/2018/11/27/671139845/google-workers-amnesty-international-protest-censored-search-engine-in-china\">told NPR's Morning Edition\u003c/a>: \"The search platform would also reportedly make Chinese users' search records accessible to the government.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c!-- iframe plugin v.4.3 wordpress.org/plugins/iframe/ -->\u003cbr>\n\u003ciframe src=\"https://www.npr.org/player/embed/671123903/671162218\" width=\"100%\" height=\"290\" frameborder=\"0\" scrolling=\"no\" title=\"NPR embedded audio player\" class=\"iframe-class\">\u003c/iframe>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Other news outlets,\u003ca href=\"https://www.nytimes.com/2018/08/01/technology/china-google-censored-search-engine.html\"> such as The New York Times\u003c/a>, backed up the Intercept's reporting, noting Google's desire to tap the huge Chinese market — though adding that work on the project does not necessarily mean its release is imminent.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Google once ran a \u003ca href=\"https://www.npr.org/templates/story/story.php?storyId=5172204\">similarly censored version\u003c/a> of its search engine in China, but it officially pulled out of the country in 2010 after \u003ca href=\"https://www.npr.org/templates/story/story.php?storyId=122540813\">friction with Beijing\u003c/a> and significant \u003ca href=\"https://www.npr.org/templates/story/story.php?storyId=5206175\">backlash in the U.S.\u003c/a>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The employees are not alone in expressing their dismay at reports of the new project's development. In fact, they released their letter the same day that Amnesty International launched a protest of its own. The human rights organization announced it would be reaching out to Google staff to add their names to \u003ca href=\"https://join.amnesty.org/page/34286/petition/1#\">a petition calling on CEO Sundar Pichai\u003c/a> to kill the project before it can even get off the ground.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"This is a watershed moment for Google,\" Joe Westby, Amnesty's researcher on technology and human rights, said in \u003ca href=\"https://www.amnesty.org/en/latest/news/2018/11/google-must-not-capitulate-to-chinas-censorship-demands/\">a statement Tuesday\u003c/a>. \"As the world's number one search engine, it should be fighting for an internet where information is freely accessible to everyone, not backing the Chinese government's dystopian alternative.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>This is also not the first time Google's leadership has gotten pushback from within its own ranks over company policies. The tech giant decided not to renew a contract with the Pentagon after employees \u003ca href=\"https://gizmodo.com/google-employees-resign-in-protest-against-pentagon-con-1825729300\">revolted over a controversial project\u003c/a> involving artificial intelligence for drone footage analysis.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"Many of us accepted employment at Google with the company's values in mind, including its \u003ca href=\"https://publicpolicy.googleblog.com/2010/03/new-approach-to-china-update.html\">previous position\u003c/a> on Chinese censorship and surveillance, and an understanding that Google was a company willing to place its values above its profits,\" the employees said in their letter Tuesday.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"After a year of disappointments including \u003ca href=\"https://www.nytimes.com/2018/04/04/technology/google-letter-ceo-pentagon-project.html\">Project Maven\u003c/a>, Dragonfly, and \u003ca href=\"https://www.nytimes.com/2018/10/25/technology/google-sexual-harassment-andy-rubin.html\">Google's support for abusers\u003c/a>, we no longer believe this is the case,\" they wrote. \"This is why we're taking a stand.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cdiv class=\"fullattribution\">Copyright 2018 NPR. To see more, visit https://www.npr.org.\u003cimg src=\"https://www.google-analytics.com/__utm.gif?utmac=UA-5828686-4&utmdt=%27We%27re+Taking+A+Stand%27%3A+Google+Workers+Protest+Plans+For+Censored+Search+In+China&utme=8(APIKey)9(MDAxOTAwOTE4MDEyMTkxMDAzNjczZDljZA004)\">\u003c/div>\n\n",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>Several Google employees have gone public with their opposition to the tech giant's plans for building a search engine tailored to China's censorship demands.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The project, code-named Dragonfly, would block certain websites and search terms determined by the Chinese government — a move that, according to a growing number of workers at Google, is tantamount to enabling \"state surveillance.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"We are among thousands of employees who have raised our voices for months. International human rights organizations and investigative reporters have also sounded the alarm, emphasizing serious human rights concerns and repeatedly calling on Google to cancel the project,\" said the letter's signatories, whose group initially numbered nine employees but has ballooned since \u003ca href=\"https://medium.com/@googlersagainstdragonfly/we-are-google-employees-google-must-drop-dragonfly-4c8a30c5e5eb\">its publication on Medium\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"So far,\" they added, \"our leadership's response has been unsatisfactory.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In a draft shared with NPR before its publication, the employees at first claimed that the company's leadership had offered \"no satisfactory answers\" at all.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Reached by NPR on Tuesday, Google declined to comment on the letter, pointing instead to a previous statement about the project.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"We've been investing for many years to help Chinese users, from developing Android, through mobile apps such as Google Translate and Files Go, and our developer tools,\" a spokesperson said. \"But our work on search has been exploratory, and we are not close to launching a search product in China.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>News of the program first surfaced on the website The Intercept, which \u003ca href=\"https://theintercept.com/2018/08/01/google-china-search-engine-censorship/\">reported in August \u003c/a>that the customized search engine would \"blacklist websites and search terms about human rights, democracy, religion, and peaceful protest.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>As NPR's Jasmine Garsd explained, those terms would likely include such words as \"repression,\" \"Nobel Prize\" and \"Tiananmen Square,\" the Beijing landmark where Chinese authorities \u003ca href=\"https://www.npr.org/blogs/parallels/2014/06/03/318454674/june-4-the-day-that-defines-and-still-haunts-china\">brutally subdued\u003c/a> mass protests nearly three decades ago.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"And this is really important,\" she \u003ca href=\"https://www.npr.org/2018/11/27/671139845/google-workers-amnesty-international-protest-censored-search-engine-in-china\">told NPR's Morning Edition\u003c/a>: \"The search platform would also reportedly make Chinese users' search records accessible to the government.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c!-- iframe plugin v.4.3 wordpress.org/plugins/iframe/ -->\u003cbr>\n\u003ciframe src=\"https://www.npr.org/player/embed/671123903/671162218\" width=\"100%\" height=\"290\" frameborder=\"0\" scrolling=\"no\" title=\"NPR embedded audio player\" class=\"iframe-class\">\u003c/iframe>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Other news outlets,\u003ca href=\"https://www.nytimes.com/2018/08/01/technology/china-google-censored-search-engine.html\"> such as The New York Times\u003c/a>, backed up the Intercept's reporting, noting Google's desire to tap the huge Chinese market — though adding that work on the project does not necessarily mean its release is imminent.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Google once ran a \u003ca href=\"https://www.npr.org/templates/story/story.php?storyId=5172204\">similarly censored version\u003c/a> of its search engine in China, but it officially pulled out of the country in 2010 after \u003ca href=\"https://www.npr.org/templates/story/story.php?storyId=122540813\">friction with Beijing\u003c/a> and significant \u003ca href=\"https://www.npr.org/templates/story/story.php?storyId=5206175\">backlash in the U.S.\u003c/a>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The employees are not alone in expressing their dismay at reports of the new project's development. In fact, they released their letter the same day that Amnesty International launched a protest of its own. The human rights organization announced it would be reaching out to Google staff to add their names to \u003ca href=\"https://join.amnesty.org/page/34286/petition/1#\">a petition calling on CEO Sundar Pichai\u003c/a> to kill the project before it can even get off the ground.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"This is a watershed moment for Google,\" Joe Westby, Amnesty's researcher on technology and human rights, said in \u003ca href=\"https://www.amnesty.org/en/latest/news/2018/11/google-must-not-capitulate-to-chinas-censorship-demands/\">a statement Tuesday\u003c/a>. \"As the world's number one search engine, it should be fighting for an internet where information is freely accessible to everyone, not backing the Chinese government's dystopian alternative.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>This is also not the first time Google's leadership has gotten pushback from within its own ranks over company policies. The tech giant decided not to renew a contract with the Pentagon after employees \u003ca href=\"https://gizmodo.com/google-employees-resign-in-protest-against-pentagon-con-1825729300\">revolted over a controversial project\u003c/a> involving artificial intelligence for drone footage analysis.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"Many of us accepted employment at Google with the company's values in mind, including its \u003ca href=\"https://publicpolicy.googleblog.com/2010/03/new-approach-to-china-update.html\">previous position\u003c/a> on Chinese censorship and surveillance, and an understanding that Google was a company willing to place its values above its profits,\" the employees said in their letter Tuesday.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"After a year of disappointments including \u003ca href=\"https://www.nytimes.com/2018/04/04/technology/google-letter-ceo-pentagon-project.html\">Project Maven\u003c/a>, Dragonfly, and \u003ca href=\"https://www.nytimes.com/2018/10/25/technology/google-sexual-harassment-andy-rubin.html\">Google's support for abusers\u003c/a>, we no longer believe this is the case,\" they wrote. \"This is why we're taking a stand.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cdiv class=\"fullattribution\">Copyright 2018 NPR. To see more, visit https://www.npr.org.\u003cimg src=\"https://www.google-analytics.com/__utm.gif?utmac=UA-5828686-4&utmdt=%27We%27re+Taking+A+Stand%27%3A+Google+Workers+Protest+Plans+For+Censored+Search+In+China&utme=8(APIKey)9(MDAxOTAwOTE4MDEyMTkxMDAzNjczZDljZA004)\">\u003c/div>\n\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>",
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"disqusTitle": "Optimized Prime: How AI and Anticipation Power Amazon's 1-Hour Deliveries",
"title": "Optimized Prime: How AI and Anticipation Power Amazon's 1-Hour Deliveries",
"headTitle": "The California Report | KQED News",
"content": "\u003cp>By the time someone clicks \"buy\" on Amazon, Jenny Freshwater's team has probably expected it.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Freshwater is a software director in Amazon's Supply Chain Optimization Technologies group. Her team forecasts demand for everything sold by Amazon worldwide.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>This task, into which NPR got exclusive insight, underlies the entire Amazon retail operation. And it's central to Amazon's wooing of some 100 million people who shell out up to $119 a year for a Prime subscription, which guarantees two-day shipping.\u003c/p>\n\u003caside class=\"alignright\">\n\u003cul>\n\u003cli>\u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/news/11491029/warehouses-promise-jobs-but-what-happens-when-the-robots-come\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Warehouses Promise Jobs, But What Happens When the Robots Come?\u003c/a>\u003c/li>\n\u003c/ul>\n\u003c/aside>\n\u003cp>Inside Amazon, corporate executives like to evoke magic when they talk about fast delivery. For months, they used the code name Houdini before launching their fastest service, Prime Now, which delivers household basics within hours.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But a lot of it is thanks to artificial intelligence. With AI, computers analyze reams of data, making decisions and performing tasks that typically require human intelligence. AI is key to Amazon's retail forecasting on steroids and its push to shave off minutes and seconds in the rush to prepare, pack and deliver.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"It goes beyond just being able to forecast we need 100 blouses,\" Freshwater says. \"We need to be able to determine how many do we expect our customers to buy across the sizes, and the colors. And then ... where do we actually put the product so that our customers can get it when they click 'buy.' \"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>That's a key element to how Amazon speeds up deliveries: The team predicts exactly where those blouses should be stocked so that they are as close as possible to the people who will buy them.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>(Note: Amazon is one of NPR's financial supporters.)\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>This process is even more essential now that the race is on for same-day and even same-hour delivery. Few other retailers have ventured into these speeds, because they're very expensive. And few rely quite so much on AI to control costs while expanding.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11707806\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 1920px\">\u003ca href=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2018/11/dsc1608_slide-fb3115386dffa8ab64c702cdf22e6175d9b6ab74.jpg\">\u003cimg class=\"wp-image-11707806\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2018/11/dsc1608_slide-fb3115386dffa8ab64c702cdf22e6175d9b6ab74.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"1920\" height=\"1279\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2018/11/dsc1608_slide-fb3115386dffa8ab64c702cdf22e6175d9b6ab74.jpg 2997w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2018/11/dsc1608_slide-fb3115386dffa8ab64c702cdf22e6175d9b6ab74-160x107.jpg 160w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2018/11/dsc1608_slide-fb3115386dffa8ab64c702cdf22e6175d9b6ab74-800x533.jpg 800w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2018/11/dsc1608_slide-fb3115386dffa8ab64c702cdf22e6175d9b6ab74-1020x679.jpg 1020w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2018/11/dsc1608_slide-fb3115386dffa8ab64c702cdf22e6175d9b6ab74-1200x799.jpg 1200w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2018/11/dsc1608_slide-fb3115386dffa8ab64c702cdf22e6175d9b6ab74-1920x1279.jpg 1920w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 1920px) 100vw, 1920px\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Amazon boxes are scanned on conveyor belts. AI systems keep track of all items in the warehouses, which can be as vast as 1 million square feet. \u003ccite>(Claire Harbage/NPR)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Both AI and forecasting are not unique to Amazon. All retail stores work hard to prepare, for example, for seasonal or weather-related demand. And all major retail companies have their own algorithms, automated warehouses and delivery tricks.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But it was Amazon Prime that got Americans hooked on two-day shipping, which shoppers now take for granted. Walmart, Target and many others now offer two-day deliveries even without membership fees.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>While all large online retailers rely on AI, \"Amazon definitely has the most powerful tools for all the little computational processes involved in moving the packages through many suppliers, routes of transit and all the steps that a package goes through,\" says Mike Liebhold, a senior tech researcher at the Institute for the Future.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Indeed, AI is woven through every part of an Amazon purchase, from the website to the warehouses to the actual delivery to your doorstep. In corporate lingo, Amazon calls that the \"first mile,\" \"middle mile\" and \"last mile.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Forecasting for the \"first mile\"\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In 2013, Amazon got \u003ca href=\"http://pdfpiw.uspto.gov/.piw?Docid=08615473&homeurl=http%3A%2F%2Fpatft.uspto.gov%2Fnetacgi%2Fnph-Parser%3FSect1%3DPTO2%2526Sect2%3DHITOFF%2526p%3D1%2526u%3D%25252Fnetahtml%25252FPTO%25252Fsearch-bool.html\">a patent\u003c/a> for so-called anticipatory shipping. The idea was to get your order as close as possible to your address before you actually click buy.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Since then, Amazon has built a massive warehousing footprint around the country. And it's been adding smaller warehouses closer to city centers where Prime Now promotes super-fast delivery options. It's also using Whole Foods locations for faster access to groceries and basic pickups.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Amazon regularly tests what new products people might want with extra-fast shipping, says Cem Sibay, who runs Amazon Prime in North America. \"If you see customers consistently trying to select for same-day delivery, then the next step is obviously that some customers maybe actually even need this faster,\" he says.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11707809\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 1920px\">\u003ca href=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2018/11/dsc1693_slide-c6d2a7481f7d901b98fce3dbfd55fa08903739bf.jpg\">\u003cimg class=\"wp-image-11707809\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2018/11/dsc1693_slide-c6d2a7481f7d901b98fce3dbfd55fa08903739bf.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"1920\" height=\"1279\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2018/11/dsc1693_slide-c6d2a7481f7d901b98fce3dbfd55fa08903739bf.jpg 3000w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2018/11/dsc1693_slide-c6d2a7481f7d901b98fce3dbfd55fa08903739bf-160x107.jpg 160w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2018/11/dsc1693_slide-c6d2a7481f7d901b98fce3dbfd55fa08903739bf-800x533.jpg 800w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2018/11/dsc1693_slide-c6d2a7481f7d901b98fce3dbfd55fa08903739bf-1020x680.jpg 1020w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2018/11/dsc1693_slide-c6d2a7481f7d901b98fce3dbfd55fa08903739bf-1200x800.jpg 1200w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2018/11/dsc1693_slide-c6d2a7481f7d901b98fce3dbfd55fa08903739bf-1920x1279.jpg 1920w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 1920px) 100vw, 1920px\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">An employee works on an order in Amazon's fulfillment center in Baltimore. Amazon's forecasting team works on anticipating demand for everything sold by the company worldwide. \u003ccite>(Claire Harbage/NPR)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Amazon decides what to stock by looking at every detail of each product. It takes a shirt and analyzes the color, length, silhouette, sleeve length and histories of purchases for similar clothing items. Freshwater, of Amazon's forecasting team, says her group does not have access to personally identifiable information on specific shoppers. But her team looks at past demand and online-shopping habits in aggregate to write algorithms and statistical models that teach the AI.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Some of Amazon's predictions are not surprising. \"You don't sell very much Chicago Cubs gear in Hawaii,\" Freshwater says.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Others are less obvious. For example, AI has learned that not all new products mean the same type of forecast.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Take tax software. Everyone wants the \u003cem>latest \u003c/em>version. But the release of a new DSLR camera? That actually triggers huge demand for the \u003cem>older \u003c/em>versions, which are cheaper.\u003c/p>\n\u003caside class=\"alignright\">\n\u003cul>\n\u003cli>\u003ca href=\"https://www.npr.org/2018/11/13/665646050/amazons-grand-search-for-2nd-headquarters-ends-with-split-nyc-and-d-c-suburb\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Amazon's Grand Search For 2nd Headquarters Ends With Split: NYC And D.C. Suburb\u003c/a>\u003c/li>\n\u003c/ul>\n\u003c/aside>\n\u003cp>AI has also determined that online shoppers often abandon their online grocery cart entirely if bananas are sold out — and that bananas are most in demand on Mondays.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Or consider sunscreen. It's obviously in demand in the summer, but Amazon's AI models have also detected mini-surges around winter holidays and spring breaks — when people go on trips to warm sunny places.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Whether you search on Amazon.com or shop using Alexa on the Echo device, AI determines what results or recommendations you see and tells you how fast you might get each item.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>The \"middle mile\"\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Inside Amazon's warehouses, AI powers the Kiva robots, which look like large Roombas carrying bright yellow shelves.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11707810\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 1920px\">\u003ca href=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2018/11/gettyimages-461841920_custom-78867aba5302b2285e4e991e3bf210607678b3e1.jpg\">\u003cimg class=\"wp-image-11707810\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2018/11/gettyimages-461841920_custom-78867aba5302b2285e4e991e3bf210607678b3e1.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"1920\" height=\"1268\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2018/11/gettyimages-461841920_custom-78867aba5302b2285e4e991e3bf210607678b3e1.jpg 3000w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2018/11/gettyimages-461841920_custom-78867aba5302b2285e4e991e3bf210607678b3e1-160x106.jpg 160w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2018/11/gettyimages-461841920_custom-78867aba5302b2285e4e991e3bf210607678b3e1-800x529.jpg 800w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2018/11/gettyimages-461841920_custom-78867aba5302b2285e4e991e3bf210607678b3e1-1020x674.jpg 1020w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2018/11/gettyimages-461841920_custom-78867aba5302b2285e4e991e3bf210607678b3e1-1200x793.jpg 1200w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2018/11/gettyimages-461841920_custom-78867aba5302b2285e4e991e3bf210607678b3e1-1920x1268.jpg 1920w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 1920px) 100vw, 1920px\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Kiva robots move racks of merchandise at an Amazon fulfillment center in Tracy, California, in 2015. The machines bring the shelves to workers. \u003ccite>(Justin Sullivan/Getty Images)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>In traditional warehouses, it's the people who walk to the shelves. But in most Amazon warehouses, the robots bring the shelves to people.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The machines know what to bring and when to get orders packed so they are in time for delivery. AI systems keep track of all items in the warehouses, which can be as vast as 1 million square feet. AI constantly arranges and reshuffles the shelves so that things you're about to buy are ready to go.\u003c/p>\n\u003caside class=\"alignright\">\n\u003cul>\n\u003cli>\u003ca href=\"https://www.npr.org/2018/11/13/666274605/how-big-is-amazon\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">How Big Is Amazon? Its Many Businesses In One Chart\u003c/a>\u003c/li>\n\u003c/ul>\n\u003c/aside>\n\u003cp>Amazon is now rolling out new efficiency-boosting technology that eliminates the need for handheld scanners, says Brad Porter, head of robotics for Amazon Operations. The new system retrofits workers' stations with advanced cameras that can automatically scan items that workers hold in their hands. AI is learning to discern and interpret people's hand movements to recognize when a person places an item inside a shelf slot.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>This kind of innovation is a controversial topic in retail, where layoffs are rampant, just as automation is reshaping the workforce. Economic research \u003ca href=\"https://www.technologyreview.com/s/610005/every-study-we-could-find-on-what-automation-will-do-to-jobs-in-one-chart/\">is divided\u003c/a> on how much exactly AI will eliminate or create jobs, especially for lower-income Americans.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>For example, Amazon has been hiring people by the hundreds of thousands for its highly automated warehouses. Its workforce has ballooned to\u003ca href=\"https://ir.aboutamazon.com/static-files/28f23db2-79d5-4aa0-9acc-ef6413e1bafe\"> 613,300\u003c/a> in a matter of a few years. Warehousing overall has been one of the fastest-growing industries, even though a lot of that work is part-time or temporary.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>At the same time, Amazon has launched \u003ca href=\"https://www.npr.org/sections/thetwo-way/2018/01/22/579640565/amazons-cashier-less-seattle-grocery-opens-to-the-public\">AI-powered stores\u003c/a> that eliminate the need for a cashier, stoking fears about the future of jobs like these industrywide. Plus, as Porter will point out, scientists have long been working on robots that can imitate human hands with their grip. For work like packing in warehouses, an agile robotic hand could erase one key edge that human workers now have over machines.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>To Porter, modern automation is simply in the latest chapter of industrial progress.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"Industrial automation and robotics are here. They've been here for a long time,\" Porter says. \"I think what's novel or hard in the logistics space and for Amazon is just the diversity and selection of inventory that we have and the scale at which we're doing it. And so yeah, I think we'll continue to see technology innovation in all these spaces.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>The \"last mile\"\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>One area where AI has created a new type of job is in deliveries.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11707811\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 1920px\">\u003ca href=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2018/11/dsc1746_slide-a2005f33ac974ca9ec779bc411f1fda21369ac24.jpg\">\u003cimg class=\"wp-image-11707811\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2018/11/dsc1746_slide-a2005f33ac974ca9ec779bc411f1fda21369ac24.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"1920\" height=\"1279\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2018/11/dsc1746_slide-a2005f33ac974ca9ec779bc411f1fda21369ac24.jpg 2997w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2018/11/dsc1746_slide-a2005f33ac974ca9ec779bc411f1fda21369ac24-160x107.jpg 160w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2018/11/dsc1746_slide-a2005f33ac974ca9ec779bc411f1fda21369ac24-800x533.jpg 800w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2018/11/dsc1746_slide-a2005f33ac974ca9ec779bc411f1fda21369ac24-1020x679.jpg 1020w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2018/11/dsc1746_slide-a2005f33ac974ca9ec779bc411f1fda21369ac24-1200x799.jpg 1200w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2018/11/dsc1746_slide-a2005f33ac974ca9ec779bc411f1fda21369ac24-1920x1279.jpg 1920w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 1920px) 100vw, 1920px\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">The exterior of a fulfillment center in Baltimore. \u003ccite>(Claire Harbage/NPR)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Amazon has many logistics contracts for deliveries, with the United States Postal Service, FedEx, UPS and other smaller companies. But it also took a page from Uber and began hiring drivers for side gigs to make superfast deliveries in busy cities, paying between $18 and $25 an hour.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The app is officially called \"Flex,\" but its original name is \"Rabbit\" — \"along the magic theme,\" says Beryl Tomay, director of Amazon's Last Mile Delivery Technology.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The process relies on AI to constantly calculate how many drivers are needed at any given time. The app considers the weight and number of packages headed to the same neighborhoods and whether packages can fit in one of the available cars. The app even recommends the order of packing boxes into a car for the most efficient delivery.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>One big challenge for Flex drivers is parking. Amazon's app does not guide where to leave cars while dropping off a package. However, Amazon does factor how long it took other drivers to deliver to an address in its estimates. AI's timing estimates also consider traffic and types of building.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"A single-family home is fairly straightforward, whereas if it's a commercial building or an apartment complex, that gets a little bit more difficult,\" Tomay says. \"It's not always obvious where the unit is, or are we taking it to a mailroom or receptionist?\"\u003c/p>\n\u003caside class=\"alignright\">\n\u003cul>\n\u003cli>\u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/news/11672953/what-americans-told-us-about-online-shopping-says-a-lot-about-amazon\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">What Americans Told Us About Online Shopping Says A Lot About Amazon\u003cbr>\n\u003c/a>\u003c/li>\n\u003c/ul>\n\u003c/aside>\n\u003cp>As Sibay describes it, when a delivery is a one-hour race, every minute counts. So delays and missed deadlines get a thorough analysis.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"Were we not able to pick it in time from our warehouse shelves? Did we not have the right number of drivers?\" says Sibay. Or maybe \"the driver forgets his key at reception and has to walk a little longer. The driver's delivering a package and it's an elderly lady and they, you know, talk a little bit before he moves on to his next order.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad floatright]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>It's hard for AI to predict all these scenarios, Sibay says. But next time, maybe the address with the Chatty Cathy will get a few more minutes baked into the algorithm.\u003c/p>\n\u003cdiv class=\"fullattribution\">\u003cem>Copyright 2018 \u003ca href=\"http://www.npr.org/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">NPR\u003c/a>. \u003c/em>\u003c/div>\n\n",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>By the time someone clicks \"buy\" on Amazon, Jenny Freshwater's team has probably expected it.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Freshwater is a software director in Amazon's Supply Chain Optimization Technologies group. Her team forecasts demand for everything sold by Amazon worldwide.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>This task, into which NPR got exclusive insight, underlies the entire Amazon retail operation. And it's central to Amazon's wooing of some 100 million people who shell out up to $119 a year for a Prime subscription, which guarantees two-day shipping.\u003c/p>\n\u003caside class=\"alignright\">\n\u003cul>\n\u003cli>\u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/news/11491029/warehouses-promise-jobs-but-what-happens-when-the-robots-come\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Warehouses Promise Jobs, But What Happens When the Robots Come?\u003c/a>\u003c/li>\n\u003c/ul>\n\u003c/aside>\n\u003cp>Inside Amazon, corporate executives like to evoke magic when they talk about fast delivery. For months, they used the code name Houdini before launching their fastest service, Prime Now, which delivers household basics within hours.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But a lot of it is thanks to artificial intelligence. With AI, computers analyze reams of data, making decisions and performing tasks that typically require human intelligence. AI is key to Amazon's retail forecasting on steroids and its push to shave off minutes and seconds in the rush to prepare, pack and deliver.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"It goes beyond just being able to forecast we need 100 blouses,\" Freshwater says. \"We need to be able to determine how many do we expect our customers to buy across the sizes, and the colors. And then ... where do we actually put the product so that our customers can get it when they click 'buy.' \"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>That's a key element to how Amazon speeds up deliveries: The team predicts exactly where those blouses should be stocked so that they are as close as possible to the people who will buy them.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>(Note: Amazon is one of NPR's financial supporters.)\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>This process is even more essential now that the race is on for same-day and even same-hour delivery. Few other retailers have ventured into these speeds, because they're very expensive. And few rely quite so much on AI to control costs while expanding.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11707806\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 1920px\">\u003ca href=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2018/11/dsc1608_slide-fb3115386dffa8ab64c702cdf22e6175d9b6ab74.jpg\">\u003cimg class=\"wp-image-11707806\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2018/11/dsc1608_slide-fb3115386dffa8ab64c702cdf22e6175d9b6ab74.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"1920\" height=\"1279\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2018/11/dsc1608_slide-fb3115386dffa8ab64c702cdf22e6175d9b6ab74.jpg 2997w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2018/11/dsc1608_slide-fb3115386dffa8ab64c702cdf22e6175d9b6ab74-160x107.jpg 160w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2018/11/dsc1608_slide-fb3115386dffa8ab64c702cdf22e6175d9b6ab74-800x533.jpg 800w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2018/11/dsc1608_slide-fb3115386dffa8ab64c702cdf22e6175d9b6ab74-1020x679.jpg 1020w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2018/11/dsc1608_slide-fb3115386dffa8ab64c702cdf22e6175d9b6ab74-1200x799.jpg 1200w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2018/11/dsc1608_slide-fb3115386dffa8ab64c702cdf22e6175d9b6ab74-1920x1279.jpg 1920w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 1920px) 100vw, 1920px\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Amazon boxes are scanned on conveyor belts. AI systems keep track of all items in the warehouses, which can be as vast as 1 million square feet. \u003ccite>(Claire Harbage/NPR)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Both AI and forecasting are not unique to Amazon. All retail stores work hard to prepare, for example, for seasonal or weather-related demand. And all major retail companies have their own algorithms, automated warehouses and delivery tricks.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But it was Amazon Prime that got Americans hooked on two-day shipping, which shoppers now take for granted. Walmart, Target and many others now offer two-day deliveries even without membership fees.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>While all large online retailers rely on AI, \"Amazon definitely has the most powerful tools for all the little computational processes involved in moving the packages through many suppliers, routes of transit and all the steps that a package goes through,\" says Mike Liebhold, a senior tech researcher at the Institute for the Future.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Indeed, AI is woven through every part of an Amazon purchase, from the website to the warehouses to the actual delivery to your doorstep. In corporate lingo, Amazon calls that the \"first mile,\" \"middle mile\" and \"last mile.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Forecasting for the \"first mile\"\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In 2013, Amazon got \u003ca href=\"http://pdfpiw.uspto.gov/.piw?Docid=08615473&homeurl=http%3A%2F%2Fpatft.uspto.gov%2Fnetacgi%2Fnph-Parser%3FSect1%3DPTO2%2526Sect2%3DHITOFF%2526p%3D1%2526u%3D%25252Fnetahtml%25252FPTO%25252Fsearch-bool.html\">a patent\u003c/a> for so-called anticipatory shipping. The idea was to get your order as close as possible to your address before you actually click buy.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Since then, Amazon has built a massive warehousing footprint around the country. And it's been adding smaller warehouses closer to city centers where Prime Now promotes super-fast delivery options. It's also using Whole Foods locations for faster access to groceries and basic pickups.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Amazon regularly tests what new products people might want with extra-fast shipping, says Cem Sibay, who runs Amazon Prime in North America. \"If you see customers consistently trying to select for same-day delivery, then the next step is obviously that some customers maybe actually even need this faster,\" he says.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11707809\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 1920px\">\u003ca href=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2018/11/dsc1693_slide-c6d2a7481f7d901b98fce3dbfd55fa08903739bf.jpg\">\u003cimg class=\"wp-image-11707809\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2018/11/dsc1693_slide-c6d2a7481f7d901b98fce3dbfd55fa08903739bf.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"1920\" height=\"1279\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2018/11/dsc1693_slide-c6d2a7481f7d901b98fce3dbfd55fa08903739bf.jpg 3000w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2018/11/dsc1693_slide-c6d2a7481f7d901b98fce3dbfd55fa08903739bf-160x107.jpg 160w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2018/11/dsc1693_slide-c6d2a7481f7d901b98fce3dbfd55fa08903739bf-800x533.jpg 800w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2018/11/dsc1693_slide-c6d2a7481f7d901b98fce3dbfd55fa08903739bf-1020x680.jpg 1020w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2018/11/dsc1693_slide-c6d2a7481f7d901b98fce3dbfd55fa08903739bf-1200x800.jpg 1200w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2018/11/dsc1693_slide-c6d2a7481f7d901b98fce3dbfd55fa08903739bf-1920x1279.jpg 1920w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 1920px) 100vw, 1920px\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">An employee works on an order in Amazon's fulfillment center in Baltimore. Amazon's forecasting team works on anticipating demand for everything sold by the company worldwide. \u003ccite>(Claire Harbage/NPR)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Amazon decides what to stock by looking at every detail of each product. It takes a shirt and analyzes the color, length, silhouette, sleeve length and histories of purchases for similar clothing items. Freshwater, of Amazon's forecasting team, says her group does not have access to personally identifiable information on specific shoppers. But her team looks at past demand and online-shopping habits in aggregate to write algorithms and statistical models that teach the AI.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Some of Amazon's predictions are not surprising. \"You don't sell very much Chicago Cubs gear in Hawaii,\" Freshwater says.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Others are less obvious. For example, AI has learned that not all new products mean the same type of forecast.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Take tax software. Everyone wants the \u003cem>latest \u003c/em>version. But the release of a new DSLR camera? That actually triggers huge demand for the \u003cem>older \u003c/em>versions, which are cheaper.\u003c/p>\n\u003caside class=\"alignright\">\n\u003cul>\n\u003cli>\u003ca href=\"https://www.npr.org/2018/11/13/665646050/amazons-grand-search-for-2nd-headquarters-ends-with-split-nyc-and-d-c-suburb\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Amazon's Grand Search For 2nd Headquarters Ends With Split: NYC And D.C. Suburb\u003c/a>\u003c/li>\n\u003c/ul>\n\u003c/aside>\n\u003cp>AI has also determined that online shoppers often abandon their online grocery cart entirely if bananas are sold out — and that bananas are most in demand on Mondays.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Or consider sunscreen. It's obviously in demand in the summer, but Amazon's AI models have also detected mini-surges around winter holidays and spring breaks — when people go on trips to warm sunny places.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Whether you search on Amazon.com or shop using Alexa on the Echo device, AI determines what results or recommendations you see and tells you how fast you might get each item.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>The \"middle mile\"\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Inside Amazon's warehouses, AI powers the Kiva robots, which look like large Roombas carrying bright yellow shelves.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11707810\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 1920px\">\u003ca href=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2018/11/gettyimages-461841920_custom-78867aba5302b2285e4e991e3bf210607678b3e1.jpg\">\u003cimg class=\"wp-image-11707810\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2018/11/gettyimages-461841920_custom-78867aba5302b2285e4e991e3bf210607678b3e1.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"1920\" height=\"1268\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2018/11/gettyimages-461841920_custom-78867aba5302b2285e4e991e3bf210607678b3e1.jpg 3000w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2018/11/gettyimages-461841920_custom-78867aba5302b2285e4e991e3bf210607678b3e1-160x106.jpg 160w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2018/11/gettyimages-461841920_custom-78867aba5302b2285e4e991e3bf210607678b3e1-800x529.jpg 800w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2018/11/gettyimages-461841920_custom-78867aba5302b2285e4e991e3bf210607678b3e1-1020x674.jpg 1020w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2018/11/gettyimages-461841920_custom-78867aba5302b2285e4e991e3bf210607678b3e1-1200x793.jpg 1200w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2018/11/gettyimages-461841920_custom-78867aba5302b2285e4e991e3bf210607678b3e1-1920x1268.jpg 1920w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 1920px) 100vw, 1920px\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Kiva robots move racks of merchandise at an Amazon fulfillment center in Tracy, California, in 2015. The machines bring the shelves to workers. \u003ccite>(Justin Sullivan/Getty Images)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>In traditional warehouses, it's the people who walk to the shelves. But in most Amazon warehouses, the robots bring the shelves to people.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The machines know what to bring and when to get orders packed so they are in time for delivery. AI systems keep track of all items in the warehouses, which can be as vast as 1 million square feet. AI constantly arranges and reshuffles the shelves so that things you're about to buy are ready to go.\u003c/p>\n\u003caside class=\"alignright\">\n\u003cul>\n\u003cli>\u003ca href=\"https://www.npr.org/2018/11/13/666274605/how-big-is-amazon\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">How Big Is Amazon? Its Many Businesses In One Chart\u003c/a>\u003c/li>\n\u003c/ul>\n\u003c/aside>\n\u003cp>Amazon is now rolling out new efficiency-boosting technology that eliminates the need for handheld scanners, says Brad Porter, head of robotics for Amazon Operations. The new system retrofits workers' stations with advanced cameras that can automatically scan items that workers hold in their hands. AI is learning to discern and interpret people's hand movements to recognize when a person places an item inside a shelf slot.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>This kind of innovation is a controversial topic in retail, where layoffs are rampant, just as automation is reshaping the workforce. Economic research \u003ca href=\"https://www.technologyreview.com/s/610005/every-study-we-could-find-on-what-automation-will-do-to-jobs-in-one-chart/\">is divided\u003c/a> on how much exactly AI will eliminate or create jobs, especially for lower-income Americans.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>For example, Amazon has been hiring people by the hundreds of thousands for its highly automated warehouses. Its workforce has ballooned to\u003ca href=\"https://ir.aboutamazon.com/static-files/28f23db2-79d5-4aa0-9acc-ef6413e1bafe\"> 613,300\u003c/a> in a matter of a few years. Warehousing overall has been one of the fastest-growing industries, even though a lot of that work is part-time or temporary.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>At the same time, Amazon has launched \u003ca href=\"https://www.npr.org/sections/thetwo-way/2018/01/22/579640565/amazons-cashier-less-seattle-grocery-opens-to-the-public\">AI-powered stores\u003c/a> that eliminate the need for a cashier, stoking fears about the future of jobs like these industrywide. Plus, as Porter will point out, scientists have long been working on robots that can imitate human hands with their grip. For work like packing in warehouses, an agile robotic hand could erase one key edge that human workers now have over machines.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>To Porter, modern automation is simply in the latest chapter of industrial progress.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"Industrial automation and robotics are here. They've been here for a long time,\" Porter says. \"I think what's novel or hard in the logistics space and for Amazon is just the diversity and selection of inventory that we have and the scale at which we're doing it. And so yeah, I think we'll continue to see technology innovation in all these spaces.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>The \"last mile\"\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>One area where AI has created a new type of job is in deliveries.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11707811\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 1920px\">\u003ca href=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2018/11/dsc1746_slide-a2005f33ac974ca9ec779bc411f1fda21369ac24.jpg\">\u003cimg class=\"wp-image-11707811\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2018/11/dsc1746_slide-a2005f33ac974ca9ec779bc411f1fda21369ac24.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"1920\" height=\"1279\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2018/11/dsc1746_slide-a2005f33ac974ca9ec779bc411f1fda21369ac24.jpg 2997w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2018/11/dsc1746_slide-a2005f33ac974ca9ec779bc411f1fda21369ac24-160x107.jpg 160w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2018/11/dsc1746_slide-a2005f33ac974ca9ec779bc411f1fda21369ac24-800x533.jpg 800w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2018/11/dsc1746_slide-a2005f33ac974ca9ec779bc411f1fda21369ac24-1020x679.jpg 1020w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2018/11/dsc1746_slide-a2005f33ac974ca9ec779bc411f1fda21369ac24-1200x799.jpg 1200w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2018/11/dsc1746_slide-a2005f33ac974ca9ec779bc411f1fda21369ac24-1920x1279.jpg 1920w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 1920px) 100vw, 1920px\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">The exterior of a fulfillment center in Baltimore. \u003ccite>(Claire Harbage/NPR)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Amazon has many logistics contracts for deliveries, with the United States Postal Service, FedEx, UPS and other smaller companies. But it also took a page from Uber and began hiring drivers for side gigs to make superfast deliveries in busy cities, paying between $18 and $25 an hour.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The app is officially called \"Flex,\" but its original name is \"Rabbit\" — \"along the magic theme,\" says Beryl Tomay, director of Amazon's Last Mile Delivery Technology.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The process relies on AI to constantly calculate how many drivers are needed at any given time. The app considers the weight and number of packages headed to the same neighborhoods and whether packages can fit in one of the available cars. The app even recommends the order of packing boxes into a car for the most efficient delivery.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>One big challenge for Flex drivers is parking. Amazon's app does not guide where to leave cars while dropping off a package. However, Amazon does factor how long it took other drivers to deliver to an address in its estimates. AI's timing estimates also consider traffic and types of building.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"A single-family home is fairly straightforward, whereas if it's a commercial building or an apartment complex, that gets a little bit more difficult,\" Tomay says. \"It's not always obvious where the unit is, or are we taking it to a mailroom or receptionist?\"\u003c/p>\n\u003caside class=\"alignright\">\n\u003cul>\n\u003cli>\u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/news/11672953/what-americans-told-us-about-online-shopping-says-a-lot-about-amazon\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">What Americans Told Us About Online Shopping Says A Lot About Amazon\u003cbr>\n\u003c/a>\u003c/li>\n\u003c/ul>\n\u003c/aside>\n\u003cp>As Sibay describes it, when a delivery is a one-hour race, every minute counts. So delays and missed deadlines get a thorough analysis.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"Were we not able to pick it in time from our warehouse shelves? Did we not have the right number of drivers?\" says Sibay. Or maybe \"the driver forgets his key at reception and has to walk a little longer. The driver's delivering a package and it's an elderly lady and they, you know, talk a little bit before he moves on to his next order.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>It's hard for AI to predict all these scenarios, Sibay says. But next time, maybe the address with the Chatty Cathy will get a few more minutes baked into the algorithm.\u003c/p>\n\u003cdiv class=\"fullattribution\">\u003cem>Copyright 2018 \u003ca href=\"http://www.npr.org/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">NPR\u003c/a>. \u003c/em>\u003c/div>\n\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>",
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"disqusTitle": "LGBT Splinter Group From Migrant Caravan Is 1st to Arrive in Tijuana",
"title": "LGBT Splinter Group From Migrant Caravan Is 1st to Arrive in Tijuana",
"headTitle": "The California Report | KQED News",
"content": "\u003cp>A group of LGBT migrants who were part of the massive caravan slowly marching toward the U.S. made it to the coastal border city of Tijuana on Sunday. They are the first of more than 3,600 Central Americans to reach the northern border of Mexico.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>About 80 migrants, the majority of whom identify as LGBT, splintered off from the larger group in Mexico City after weeks of what they say was discriminatory treatment by local residents and other travelers, Honduran migrant Cesar Mejia told reporters at a \u003ca href=\"https://www.facebook.com/Frontera.info/videos/1111726772327510/\">news conference\u003c/a> on Sunday.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"Whenever we arrived at a stopping point the LGBT community was the last to be taken into account in every way. So our goal was to change that and say, 'This time we are going to be first,' \" Mejia said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Members of the group in Tijuana include Honduran, Guatemalan, Nicaraguan and Salvadoran men and women, including transgender men and women, and also a handful of children. They are weeks ahead of the thousands who are on foot; the largest group of migrants is in Guadalajara, Mexico — nearly 1,400 miles south of Tijuana.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Most plan to use their status as members of a persecuted class to request asylum in the U.S. as early as Thursday.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"We are fleeing a country where there's a lot of crime against us,\" an unidentified transgender woman told reporters.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The LGBT migrants gravitated toward one another within the caravan and began organizing en route. An internal count revealed there were more than 120 LGBT people among them, \u003ca href=\"https://www.voiceofsandiego.org/topics/news/border-report-a-caravan-within-the-caravan-has-arrived-in-tijuana/\">Voice of San Diego reported\u003c/a>. Their numbers emboldened the collective to forge their own path northward, which they did after linking up with an assortment of U.S. and Mexico-based LGBT groups that paid for the asylum-seekers to travel by bus, \u003ca href=\"https://www.univision.com/noticias/inmigracion/eeuu-se-prepara-para-recibir-a-la-caravana-de-migrantes-cierra-carriles-en-dos-garitas-fronterizas-e-instala-barreras-para-guiarlos\">Univision said\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"When we entered Mexican territory, those organizations began to help us. We did not contact them; they learned from our group thanks to the media and decided to help us,\" Mejia said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>On Sunday the group arrived at an upscale neighborhood called Coronado in Playas de Tijuana just a few miles from the San Diego port of entry. They were dropped off in the tony enclave in small groups by Mexican immigration officials who had been alerted of the migrants' arrival in nearby Mexicali. But upon their arrival they were met with anger from local residents who said they should have been warned by local authorities that LGBT people would be renting the four-bedroom house.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"This is a peaceful neighborhood and we don't want any trouble,\" Jose Roberto Martinez told Mejia. He said he lived in the neighborhood and that families in the area had survived terrible violence that plagued the region in the early 2000s — a result of the vicious drug wars in Tijuana.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"We aren't safe here,\" a woman who lives in the neighborhood said. \"There could be someone within your group that could hurt us.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Another woman demanded to know how the group had come up with the money to pay the rental fee for the expensive house. Mejia assured the community they were not backed by narcotraffickers.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Mejia spoke with reporters about the arduous journey that began on Oct. 12, recounting instances in which many LGBT migrants were denied food and access to showers by other members of the caravan or local groups providing aid.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"There was no physical abuse but there was plenty of verbal abuse,\" a transgender woman told reporters, although she added it was nothing compared to the reality of living as a transgender woman in her home country of Honduras.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Erick Dubon \u003ca href=\"https://www.telemundo20.com/noticias/eeuu/primeros-migrantes-de-la-caravana-llegan-a-la-frontera--500241841.html\">told Telemundo 20\u003c/a> that he was forced into prostitution in Honduras. With no options for any other type of work, he said, he had to choose between becoming a thief or sleeping with men for money. He chose the latter and that made him vulnerable to attacks. Telemundo reported Dubon's body is covered in scars from a violent assault.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Nehemias de Leon shared similar stories about living in Guatemala. He said the trip north was difficult and frightening, and that the chances of obtaining asylum are slim in light of the Trump administration's rhetoric regarding the caravan and immigrants in general. But Leon said he'll never go back. \"It would be a death sentence,\" he said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Among the few possessions Leon has carried with him along the 2,400-mile journey are documents he said are proof of the danger he faces living as a gay man in his country of origin.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"We want to do things in order, in the right way,\" Mejia told reporters. He said the LGBT group plans to request asylum at the San Ysidro or Otay Mesa ports of entry. \"We are waiting for our representatives,\" he added.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>César Palencia, the head of migrant services for Tijuana's municipal government, told Univision there are more than 2,000 people already waiting for an interview with U.S. Customs and Border Protection officials. He anticipates anyone who applies now will have to wait until the end of the year for an interview.\u003c/p>\n\u003cdiv class=\"fullattribution\">Copyright 2018 NPR. To see more, visit http://www.npr.org/.\u003cimg src=\"https://www.google-analytics.com/__utm.gif?utmac=UA-5828686-4&utmdt=LGBT+Splinter+Group+From+Migrant+Caravan+Is+The+1st+To+Arrive+In+Tijuana&utme=8(APIKey)9(MDAxOTAwOTE4MDEyMTkxMDAzNjczZDljZA004)\">\u003c/div>\n\n",
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"excerpt": "About 80 mostly LGBT migrants reached the border city south of San Diego on Sunday. They plan to seek political asylum as early as Thursday, arriving weeks ahead of thousands en route to the U.S.",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>A group of LGBT migrants who were part of the massive caravan slowly marching toward the U.S. made it to the coastal border city of Tijuana on Sunday. They are the first of more than 3,600 Central Americans to reach the northern border of Mexico.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>About 80 migrants, the majority of whom identify as LGBT, splintered off from the larger group in Mexico City after weeks of what they say was discriminatory treatment by local residents and other travelers, Honduran migrant Cesar Mejia told reporters at a \u003ca href=\"https://www.facebook.com/Frontera.info/videos/1111726772327510/\">news conference\u003c/a> on Sunday.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"Whenever we arrived at a stopping point the LGBT community was the last to be taken into account in every way. So our goal was to change that and say, 'This time we are going to be first,' \" Mejia said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Members of the group in Tijuana include Honduran, Guatemalan, Nicaraguan and Salvadoran men and women, including transgender men and women, and also a handful of children. They are weeks ahead of the thousands who are on foot; the largest group of migrants is in Guadalajara, Mexico — nearly 1,400 miles south of Tijuana.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Most plan to use their status as members of a persecuted class to request asylum in the U.S. as early as Thursday.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"We are fleeing a country where there's a lot of crime against us,\" an unidentified transgender woman told reporters.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The LGBT migrants gravitated toward one another within the caravan and began organizing en route. An internal count revealed there were more than 120 LGBT people among them, \u003ca href=\"https://www.voiceofsandiego.org/topics/news/border-report-a-caravan-within-the-caravan-has-arrived-in-tijuana/\">Voice of San Diego reported\u003c/a>. Their numbers emboldened the collective to forge their own path northward, which they did after linking up with an assortment of U.S. and Mexico-based LGBT groups that paid for the asylum-seekers to travel by bus, \u003ca href=\"https://www.univision.com/noticias/inmigracion/eeuu-se-prepara-para-recibir-a-la-caravana-de-migrantes-cierra-carriles-en-dos-garitas-fronterizas-e-instala-barreras-para-guiarlos\">Univision said\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"When we entered Mexican territory, those organizations began to help us. We did not contact them; they learned from our group thanks to the media and decided to help us,\" Mejia said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>On Sunday the group arrived at an upscale neighborhood called Coronado in Playas de Tijuana just a few miles from the San Diego port of entry. They were dropped off in the tony enclave in small groups by Mexican immigration officials who had been alerted of the migrants' arrival in nearby Mexicali. But upon their arrival they were met with anger from local residents who said they should have been warned by local authorities that LGBT people would be renting the four-bedroom house.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"This is a peaceful neighborhood and we don't want any trouble,\" Jose Roberto Martinez told Mejia. He said he lived in the neighborhood and that families in the area had survived terrible violence that plagued the region in the early 2000s — a result of the vicious drug wars in Tijuana.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"We aren't safe here,\" a woman who lives in the neighborhood said. \"There could be someone within your group that could hurt us.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Another woman demanded to know how the group had come up with the money to pay the rental fee for the expensive house. Mejia assured the community they were not backed by narcotraffickers.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Mejia spoke with reporters about the arduous journey that began on Oct. 12, recounting instances in which many LGBT migrants were denied food and access to showers by other members of the caravan or local groups providing aid.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"There was no physical abuse but there was plenty of verbal abuse,\" a transgender woman told reporters, although she added it was nothing compared to the reality of living as a transgender woman in her home country of Honduras.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Erick Dubon \u003ca href=\"https://www.telemundo20.com/noticias/eeuu/primeros-migrantes-de-la-caravana-llegan-a-la-frontera--500241841.html\">told Telemundo 20\u003c/a> that he was forced into prostitution in Honduras. With no options for any other type of work, he said, he had to choose between becoming a thief or sleeping with men for money. He chose the latter and that made him vulnerable to attacks. Telemundo reported Dubon's body is covered in scars from a violent assault.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Nehemias de Leon shared similar stories about living in Guatemala. He said the trip north was difficult and frightening, and that the chances of obtaining asylum are slim in light of the Trump administration's rhetoric regarding the caravan and immigrants in general. But Leon said he'll never go back. \"It would be a death sentence,\" he said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Among the few possessions Leon has carried with him along the 2,400-mile journey are documents he said are proof of the danger he faces living as a gay man in his country of origin.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"We want to do things in order, in the right way,\" Mejia told reporters. He said the LGBT group plans to request asylum at the San Ysidro or Otay Mesa ports of entry. \"We are waiting for our representatives,\" he added.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>César Palencia, the head of migrant services for Tijuana's municipal government, told Univision there are more than 2,000 people already waiting for an interview with U.S. Customs and Border Protection officials. He anticipates anyone who applies now will have to wait until the end of the year for an interview.\u003c/p>\n\u003cdiv class=\"fullattribution\">Copyright 2018 NPR. To see more, visit http://www.npr.org/.\u003cimg src=\"https://www.google-analytics.com/__utm.gif?utmac=UA-5828686-4&utmdt=LGBT+Splinter+Group+From+Migrant+Caravan+Is+The+1st+To+Arrive+In+Tijuana&utme=8(APIKey)9(MDAxOTAwOTE4MDEyMTkxMDAzNjczZDljZA004)\">\u003c/div>\n\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>",
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"slug": "megafires-more-frequent-because-of-climate-change-and-forest-management",
"title": "Megafires More Frequent Because Of Climate Change And Forest Management",
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"content": "\u003cp>\u003cem>\u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/news/tag/wildfires/\" rel=\"noopener\" target=\"_blank\">Follow KQED’s ongoing wildfire coverage.\u003c/a>\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Strong, dry winds are expected to continue through the early part of this week in California as the state battles several wildfires.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/news/11705243/california-wildfires-what-you-need-to-know\">Camp Fire in Northern California\u003c/a>, which started Thursday, is the state’s most destructive fire ever, scorching more than 113,000 \u003ca href=\"http://www.fire.ca.gov/current_incidents\">acres \u003c/a>north of Sacramento and killing 29 people so far, according to state officials on Monday. In Southern California, officials say the Woolsey Fire, which also started Thursday, has killed at least two people and burned more than 91,000 acres.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Over the weekend President Trump twice \u003ca href=\"https://twitter.com/realDonaldTrump/status/1061168803218948096\">tweeted \u003c/a>that the \u003ca href=\"https://twitter.com/realDonaldTrump/status/1061554334276747264\">fires \u003c/a>were the result of poor forest management, threatening to withhold federal aid if the problem wasn’t remedied.\u003c/p>\n\u003cblockquote class=\"twitter-tweet\">\n\u003cp dir=\"ltr\" lang=\"en\">There is no reason for these massive, deadly and costly forest fires in California except that forest management is so poor. Billions of dollars are given each year, with so many lives lost, all because of gross mismanagement of the forests. Remedy now, or no more Fed payments!\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>— Donald J. Trump (@realDonaldTrump) \u003ca href=\"https://twitter.com/realDonaldTrump/status/1061168803218948096?ref_src=twsrc%5Etfw\">November 10, 2018\u003c/a>\u003c/p>\u003c/blockquote>\n\u003cp>California Gov. Jerry Brown, who has asked the White House for a “major disaster declaration,” hit back at the president on Sunday \u003ca href=\"https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=hAVF-SWaPOQ\">during a news conference\u003c/a>. He said forest management is only one element of preventing forest fires.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Managing all the forests in every way we can does not stop climate change and those who deny that are definitely contributing to the tragedies that we are now witnessing and will continue to witness,” Brown said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Scientists who study fire agree and say both a changing climate as well as how people have managed forests has created a new environment for big fires to thrive.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The global average temperature is more than 1 degree Fahrenheit higher than it used to be before the Industrial Revolution. And in a dry climate more heat equals more drying. Meaning: The hot dry air literally sucks the moisture out of the ground and out of vegetation.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“And it doesn’t take much,” says Jennifer Balch, a fire ecologist at the University of Colorado. “With just a little bit of drying you get a substantial increase in the amount of burning.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In fact, the number of large fires across the Western U.S. has increased five-fold since the 1970s, says Balch.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2018/11/Screen-Shot-2018-11-12-at-4.18.07-PM.png\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"alignnone size-full wp-image-11705918\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2018/11/Screen-Shot-2018-11-12-at-4.18.07-PM.png\" alt=\"\" width=\"802\" height=\"558\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2018/11/Screen-Shot-2018-11-12-at-4.18.07-PM.png 802w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2018/11/Screen-Shot-2018-11-12-at-4.18.07-PM-160x111.png 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2018/11/Screen-Shot-2018-11-12-at-4.18.07-PM-800x557.png 800w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 802px) 100vw, 802px\">\u003c/a>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Scientists say the warming climate has already caused a smaller snowpack in California’s mountains as well as a reduction in the amount of fog that rolls in off the Pacific Ocean. Both lead to drier vegetation, says Balch.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Human carelessness has also contributed to increased fire activity in the West, says Balch, noting that 84 percent of wildfires in the U.S. in the past two decades have been started by people.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>They’re also putting themselves more at risk, she says. “We … have more and more people moving, literally building homes, in the line of fire,” says Balch. “And today there are about 1.8 million homes at high fire risk across the Western U.S.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In addition to wildfires becoming more frequent — California’s fire season is almost year-round now — scientists have also found that the fires are becoming bigger.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>It’s relentless, says Malcolm North, an ecologist with the U.S. Forest Service.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“In much of California we’re getting to a pretty much year-round fire season as in the past it used to be limited to five or six months out of the year,” says North.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Dry weather and strong winds also mean that what would have been small fires in the past are now monster fires that both damage trees and climb up into the canopy and kill whole forests, says North. This is due in part to the fact that forest managers have spent the last century putting out every fire they could, even small, natural fires, he says, and the forests have became choked with too much overgrowth, making them ready to burn.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Additionally, North says hurdles such as steep slopes, protected wildlife and complaints from homeowners about smoke limit how much federal and state mangers can thin or do controlled burns in forests.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Literally probably 80 to 90 percent of these dry, mid-elevation forests are chock-full of fuels that really drives high intensity fire,” he says.\u003c/p>\n\u003cdiv class=\"fullattribution\">Copyright 2018 NPR. To see more, visit \u003ca href=\"http://www.npr.org/\">http://www.npr.org/\u003c/a>.\u003cimg decoding=\"async\" src=\"https://www.google-analytics.com/__utm.gif?utmac=UA-5828686-4&utmdt=Megafires+More+Frequent+Because+Of+Climate+Change+And+Forest+Management&utme=8(APIKey)9(MDAxOTAwOTE4MDEyMTkxMDAzNjczZDljZA004)\">\u003c/div>\n\n",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>\u003cem>\u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/news/tag/wildfires/\" rel=\"noopener\" target=\"_blank\">Follow KQED’s ongoing wildfire coverage.\u003c/a>\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Strong, dry winds are expected to continue through the early part of this week in California as the state battles several wildfires.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/news/11705243/california-wildfires-what-you-need-to-know\">Camp Fire in Northern California\u003c/a>, which started Thursday, is the state’s most destructive fire ever, scorching more than 113,000 \u003ca href=\"http://www.fire.ca.gov/current_incidents\">acres \u003c/a>north of Sacramento and killing 29 people so far, according to state officials on Monday. In Southern California, officials say the Woolsey Fire, which also started Thursday, has killed at least two people and burned more than 91,000 acres.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Over the weekend President Trump twice \u003ca href=\"https://twitter.com/realDonaldTrump/status/1061168803218948096\">tweeted \u003c/a>that the \u003ca href=\"https://twitter.com/realDonaldTrump/status/1061554334276747264\">fires \u003c/a>were the result of poor forest management, threatening to withhold federal aid if the problem wasn’t remedied.\u003c/p>\n\u003cblockquote class=\"twitter-tweet\">\n\u003cp dir=\"ltr\" lang=\"en\">There is no reason for these massive, deadly and costly forest fires in California except that forest management is so poor. Billions of dollars are given each year, with so many lives lost, all because of gross mismanagement of the forests. Remedy now, or no more Fed payments!\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>— Donald J. Trump (@realDonaldTrump) \u003ca href=\"https://twitter.com/realDonaldTrump/status/1061168803218948096?ref_src=twsrc%5Etfw\">November 10, 2018\u003c/a>\u003c/p>\u003c/blockquote>\n\u003cp>California Gov. Jerry Brown, who has asked the White House for a “major disaster declaration,” hit back at the president on Sunday \u003ca href=\"https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=hAVF-SWaPOQ\">during a news conference\u003c/a>. He said forest management is only one element of preventing forest fires.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Managing all the forests in every way we can does not stop climate change and those who deny that are definitely contributing to the tragedies that we are now witnessing and will continue to witness,” Brown said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Scientists who study fire agree and say both a changing climate as well as how people have managed forests has created a new environment for big fires to thrive.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The global average temperature is more than 1 degree Fahrenheit higher than it used to be before the Industrial Revolution. And in a dry climate more heat equals more drying. Meaning: The hot dry air literally sucks the moisture out of the ground and out of vegetation.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“And it doesn’t take much,” says Jennifer Balch, a fire ecologist at the University of Colorado. “With just a little bit of drying you get a substantial increase in the amount of burning.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In fact, the number of large fires across the Western U.S. has increased five-fold since the 1970s, says Balch.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2018/11/Screen-Shot-2018-11-12-at-4.18.07-PM.png\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"alignnone size-full wp-image-11705918\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2018/11/Screen-Shot-2018-11-12-at-4.18.07-PM.png\" alt=\"\" width=\"802\" height=\"558\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2018/11/Screen-Shot-2018-11-12-at-4.18.07-PM.png 802w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2018/11/Screen-Shot-2018-11-12-at-4.18.07-PM-160x111.png 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2018/11/Screen-Shot-2018-11-12-at-4.18.07-PM-800x557.png 800w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 802px) 100vw, 802px\">\u003c/a>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Scientists say the warming climate has already caused a smaller snowpack in California’s mountains as well as a reduction in the amount of fog that rolls in off the Pacific Ocean. Both lead to drier vegetation, says Balch.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Human carelessness has also contributed to increased fire activity in the West, says Balch, noting that 84 percent of wildfires in the U.S. in the past two decades have been started by people.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>They’re also putting themselves more at risk, she says. “We … have more and more people moving, literally building homes, in the line of fire,” says Balch. “And today there are about 1.8 million homes at high fire risk across the Western U.S.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In addition to wildfires becoming more frequent — California’s fire season is almost year-round now — scientists have also found that the fires are becoming bigger.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>It’s relentless, says Malcolm North, an ecologist with the U.S. Forest Service.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“In much of California we’re getting to a pretty much year-round fire season as in the past it used to be limited to five or six months out of the year,” says North.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Dry weather and strong winds also mean that what would have been small fires in the past are now monster fires that both damage trees and climb up into the canopy and kill whole forests, says North. This is due in part to the fact that forest managers have spent the last century putting out every fire they could, even small, natural fires, he says, and the forests have became choked with too much overgrowth, making them ready to burn.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Additionally, North says hurdles such as steep slopes, protected wildlife and complaints from homeowners about smoke limit how much federal and state mangers can thin or do controlled burns in forests.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Literally probably 80 to 90 percent of these dry, mid-elevation forests are chock-full of fuels that really drives high intensity fire,” he says.\u003c/p>\n\u003cdiv class=\"fullattribution\">Copyright 2018 NPR. To see more, visit \u003ca href=\"http://www.npr.org/\">http://www.npr.org/\u003c/a>.\u003cimg decoding=\"async\" src=\"https://www.google-analytics.com/__utm.gif?utmac=UA-5828686-4&utmdt=Megafires+More+Frequent+Because+Of+Climate+Change+And+Forest+Management&utme=8(APIKey)9(MDAxOTAwOTE4MDEyMTkxMDAzNjczZDljZA004)\">\u003c/div>\n\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>",
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"disqusTitle": "Federal Appeals Court Deals Trump Another Setback on DACA",
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"content": "\u003cp>A federal appeals court in California has \u003ca href=\"http://cdn.ca9.uscourts.gov/datastore/general/2018/11/08/18-15068%20Opinion.pdf\">blocked\u003c/a> the Trump administration from immediately terminating an Obama-era program protecting from deportation young immigrants brought illegally to the U.S. as children.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>A three-judge panel of the U.S. 9th Circuit Court of Appeals, based in San Francisco, ruled unanimously in favor of a lower court's \u003ca href=\"https://assets.documentcloud.org/documents/4345906/1-9-18-DACA-Opinion.pdf\">preliminary injunction\u003c/a> against the administration's attempt to phase out Deferred Action for Childhood Arrivals.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The program allows about \u003ca href=\"https://www.uscis.gov/sites/default/files/USCIS/Resources/Reports%20and%20Studies/Immigration%20Forms%20Data/All%20Form%20Types/DACA/DACA_Population_Data_July_31_2018.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">703,000 young immigrants\u003c/a> to stay and work in the United States—201,000 of them live in California. In January, U.S. District Judge William Alsup \u003ca href=\"https://www.npr.org/sections/thetwo-way/2018/01/10/576963434/federal-judge-temporarily-blocks-trumps-decision-to-end-daca\">granted a request\u003c/a> to keep DACA operational while its future was being litigated.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The ruling is the latest legal setback for the Trump administration over DACA.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11705151\" class=\"wp-caption alignright\" style=\"max-width: 3000px\">\u003ca href=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2018/11/RS5735_027.jpg\">\u003cimg class=\"size-full wp-image-11705151\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2018/11/RS5735_027.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"3000\" height=\"2000\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Janet Napolitano, President of the University of California, sued the Trump administration over its decision to end DACA. \u003ccite>(Deborah Svoboda/KQED)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>\"What that means for our students and for DACA students around the country is they can continue to be enrolled and to reenroll,\" Janet Napolitano, President of the University of California, told KQED.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">Napolitano helped create DACA in 2012 when she worked as former President Obama's Homeland Security Secretary. \u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">Last year, she brought the lawsuit on behalf of UC students that has kept DACA alive thus far. \u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">\"I take it a bit personally when the next administration just eliminated the program, with seemingly little thought for the hardships they were causing,\" she said.\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">Earlier this week, the U.S. Department of Justice \u003ca href=\"https://www.politico.com/story/2018/11/05/trump-administration-supreme-court-daca-927891\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">asked\u003c/a> the Supreme Court to intervene intervene, even before the 9th Circuit issued its ruling. The administration argues the program is unlawful.\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">\"The Department of Homeland Security acted within its lawful authority in deciding to wind down DACA in an orderly manner,\" said Steven Stafford, a spokesman for the Justice Department. \u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">\"While we are disappointed with today's (9th Circuit) ruling, we are pleased that the court has finally acted and that the Supreme Court now can consider our petition for review,\" he said.\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>History of Legal Challenges\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Last year, President Trump announced his intention to end DACA to avoid a lawsuit by Texas and other states. But the president's action drew immediate \u003ca href=\"https://www.npr.org/sections/thetwo-way/2017/09/07/549047054/states-sue-to-block-daca-termination-citing-trumps-racial-animus\">legal challenges\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In February, a federal judge in New York also \u003ca href=\"https://www.npr.org/sections/thetwo-way/2018/02/13/585597527/second-federal-court-blocks-trump-from-rescinding-daca\">blocked\u003c/a> the administration from ending DACA.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In April, a third federal judge, in Washington, D.C., also \u003ca href=\"https://www.politico.com/story/2018/04/24/third-judge-rules-against-trump-daca-550092\">ruled against\u003c/a> the administration.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"When President Trump announced the decision of to end the DACA program, we knew right away here in California that we needed to take legal action,\" said California Attorney General Xavier Becerra at a press conference. \"We are home to more than one of every four dreamers in this country.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In this latest ruling, the first by an appellate panel, the judges rejected the government's arguments that the court has no jurisdiction in the matter and said that DACA supporters are likely to succeed in their claim that the administration was acting in an arbitrary and capricious manner.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"In upholding Judge Alsup's preliminary injunction, the Court recognized that... DACA was put in place to prevent 'the cruelty and wastefulness of deporting productive young people to countries with which they have no ties,'\" said attorney Ethan Dettmer of Gibson, Dunn & Crutcher LLP, a firm representing some of the DACA plaintiffs, in a statement.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The high court has not responded to the federal government's request to review three rulings across the country blocking the administration's plan to terminate DACA.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But virtually all legal observers anticipate that the Supreme Court will ultimately decide the program's fate.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>KQED's Farida Jhabvala Romero contributed to this report.\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n",
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"excerpt": "The U.S. 9th Circuit Court of Appeals is the first appellate court to rule on ending Deferred Action for Childhood Arrivals. Judges rejected government arguments that the court has no jurisdiction.",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>A federal appeals court in California has \u003ca href=\"http://cdn.ca9.uscourts.gov/datastore/general/2018/11/08/18-15068%20Opinion.pdf\">blocked\u003c/a> the Trump administration from immediately terminating an Obama-era program protecting from deportation young immigrants brought illegally to the U.S. as children.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>A three-judge panel of the U.S. 9th Circuit Court of Appeals, based in San Francisco, ruled unanimously in favor of a lower court's \u003ca href=\"https://assets.documentcloud.org/documents/4345906/1-9-18-DACA-Opinion.pdf\">preliminary injunction\u003c/a> against the administration's attempt to phase out Deferred Action for Childhood Arrivals.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The program allows about \u003ca href=\"https://www.uscis.gov/sites/default/files/USCIS/Resources/Reports%20and%20Studies/Immigration%20Forms%20Data/All%20Form%20Types/DACA/DACA_Population_Data_July_31_2018.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">703,000 young immigrants\u003c/a> to stay and work in the United States—201,000 of them live in California. In January, U.S. District Judge William Alsup \u003ca href=\"https://www.npr.org/sections/thetwo-way/2018/01/10/576963434/federal-judge-temporarily-blocks-trumps-decision-to-end-daca\">granted a request\u003c/a> to keep DACA operational while its future was being litigated.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The ruling is the latest legal setback for the Trump administration over DACA.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11705151\" class=\"wp-caption alignright\" style=\"max-width: 3000px\">\u003ca href=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2018/11/RS5735_027.jpg\">\u003cimg class=\"size-full wp-image-11705151\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2018/11/RS5735_027.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"3000\" height=\"2000\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Janet Napolitano, President of the University of California, sued the Trump administration over its decision to end DACA. \u003ccite>(Deborah Svoboda/KQED)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>\"What that means for our students and for DACA students around the country is they can continue to be enrolled and to reenroll,\" Janet Napolitano, President of the University of California, told KQED.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">Napolitano helped create DACA in 2012 when she worked as former President Obama's Homeland Security Secretary. \u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">Last year, she brought the lawsuit on behalf of UC students that has kept DACA alive thus far. \u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">\"I take it a bit personally when the next administration just eliminated the program, with seemingly little thought for the hardships they were causing,\" she said.\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">Earlier this week, the U.S. Department of Justice \u003ca href=\"https://www.politico.com/story/2018/11/05/trump-administration-supreme-court-daca-927891\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">asked\u003c/a> the Supreme Court to intervene intervene, even before the 9th Circuit issued its ruling. The administration argues the program is unlawful.\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">\"The Department of Homeland Security acted within its lawful authority in deciding to wind down DACA in an orderly manner,\" said Steven Stafford, a spokesman for the Justice Department. \u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">\"While we are disappointed with today's (9th Circuit) ruling, we are pleased that the court has finally acted and that the Supreme Court now can consider our petition for review,\" he said.\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>History of Legal Challenges\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Last year, President Trump announced his intention to end DACA to avoid a lawsuit by Texas and other states. But the president's action drew immediate \u003ca href=\"https://www.npr.org/sections/thetwo-way/2017/09/07/549047054/states-sue-to-block-daca-termination-citing-trumps-racial-animus\">legal challenges\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In February, a federal judge in New York also \u003ca href=\"https://www.npr.org/sections/thetwo-way/2018/02/13/585597527/second-federal-court-blocks-trump-from-rescinding-daca\">blocked\u003c/a> the administration from ending DACA.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In April, a third federal judge, in Washington, D.C., also \u003ca href=\"https://www.politico.com/story/2018/04/24/third-judge-rules-against-trump-daca-550092\">ruled against\u003c/a> the administration.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"When President Trump announced the decision of to end the DACA program, we knew right away here in California that we needed to take legal action,\" said California Attorney General Xavier Becerra at a press conference. \"We are home to more than one of every four dreamers in this country.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In this latest ruling, the first by an appellate panel, the judges rejected the government's arguments that the court has no jurisdiction in the matter and said that DACA supporters are likely to succeed in their claim that the administration was acting in an arbitrary and capricious manner.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"In upholding Judge Alsup's preliminary injunction, the Court recognized that... DACA was put in place to prevent 'the cruelty and wastefulness of deporting productive young people to countries with which they have no ties,'\" said attorney Ethan Dettmer of Gibson, Dunn & Crutcher LLP, a firm representing some of the DACA plaintiffs, in a statement.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The high court has not responded to the federal government's request to review three rulings across the country blocking the administration's plan to terminate DACA.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But virtually all legal observers anticipate that the Supreme Court will ultimately decide the program's fate.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>KQED's Farida Jhabvala Romero contributed to this report.\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>",
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"tagline": "The flip side of gentrification, told through one town",
"info": "Gentrification is changing cities across America, forcing people from neighborhoods they have long called home. Call them the displaced. Now those priced out of the Bay Area are looking for a better life in an unlikely place. American Suburb follows this migration to one California town along the Delta, 45 miles from San Francisco. But is this once sleepy suburb ready for them?",
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"tagline": "Exploring the Bay Area, one question at a time",
"info": "KQED’s new podcast, Bay Curious, gets to the bottom of the mysteries — both profound and peculiar — that give the Bay Area its unique identity. And we’ll do it with your help! You ask the questions. You decide what Bay Curious investigates. And you join us on the journey to find the answers.",
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"info": "KQED’s statewide radio news program providing daily coverage of issues, trends and public policy decisions.",
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"order": 8
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},
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"id": "commonwealth-club",
"title": "Commonwealth Club of California Podcast",
"info": "The Commonwealth Club of California is the nation's oldest and largest public affairs forum. As a non-partisan forum, The Club brings to the public airwaves diverse viewpoints on important topics. The Club's weekly radio broadcast - the oldest in the U.S., dating back to 1924 - is carried across the nation on public radio stations and is now podcasting. Our website archive features audio of our recent programs, as well as selected speeches from our long and distinguished history. This podcast feed is usually updated twice a week and is always un-edited.",
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"imageSrc": "https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/04/Commonwealth-Club-Podcast-Tile-360x360-1.jpg",
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"source": "Commonwealth Club of California"
},
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"info": "KQED’s live call-in program discussing local, state, national and international issues, as well as in-depth interviews.",
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"imageSrc": "https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/04/Forum-Podcast-Tile-703x703-1.jpg",
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"order": 9
},
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"hidden-brain": {
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"airtime": "SUN 7:30pm-8pm",
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"tagline": "Where conversation and cultura meet",
"info": "What kind of no sabo word is Hyphenación? For us, it’s about living within a hyphenation. Like being a third-gen Mexican-American from the Texas border now living that Bay Area Chicano life. Like Xorje! Each week we bring together a couple of hyphenated Latinos to talk all about personal life choices: family, careers, relationships, belonging … everything is on the table. ",
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"title": "The Political Mind of Jerry Brown",
"tagline": "Lessons from a lifetime in politics",
"info": "The Political Mind of Jerry Brown brings listeners the wisdom of the former Governor, Mayor, and presidential candidate. Scott Shafer interviewed Brown for more than 40 hours, covering the former governor's life and half-century in the political game – and Brown has some lessons he'd like to share. ",
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"order": 18
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"id": "latino-usa",
"title": "Latino USA",
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"info": "Latino USA, the radio journal of news and culture, is the only national, English-language radio program produced from a Latino perspective.",
"imageSrc": "https://ww2.kqed.org/radio/wp-content/uploads/sites/50/2018/04/latinoUsa.jpg",
"officialWebsiteLink": "http://latinousa.org/",
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},
"marketplace": {
"id": "marketplace",
"title": "Marketplace",
"info": "Our flagship program, helmed by Kai Ryssdal, examines what the day in money delivered, through stories, conversations, newsworthy numbers and more. Updated Monday through Friday at about 3:30 p.m. PT.",
"airtime": "MON-FRI 4pm-4:30pm, MON-WED 6:30pm-7pm",
"imageSrc": "https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/04/Marketplace-Podcast-Tile-360x360-1.jpg",
"officialWebsiteLink": "https://www.marketplace.org/",
"meta": {
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"source": "American Public Media"
},
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"rss": "https://feeds.publicradio.org/public_feeds/marketplace-pm/rss/rss"
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},
"masters-of-scale": {
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"title": "Masters of Scale",
"info": "Masters of Scale is an original podcast in which LinkedIn co-founder and Greylock Partner Reid Hoffman sets out to describe and prove theories that explain how great entrepreneurs take their companies from zero to a gazillion in ingenious fashion.",
"airtime": "Every other Wednesday June 12 through October 16 at 8pm (repeats Thursdays at 2am)",
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"officialWebsiteLink": "https://mastersofscale.com/",
"meta": {
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"source": "WaitWhat"
},
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"rss": "https://rss.art19.com/masters-of-scale"
}
},
"mindshift": {
"id": "mindshift",
"title": "MindShift",
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"info": "The MindShift podcast explores the innovations in education that are shaping how kids learn. Hosts Ki Sung and Katrina Schwartz introduce listeners to educators, researchers, parents and students who are developing effective ways to improve how kids learn. We cover topics like how fed-up administrators are developing surprising tactics to deal with classroom disruptions; how listening to podcasts are helping kids develop reading skills; the consequences of overparenting; and why interdisciplinary learning can engage students on all ends of the traditional achievement spectrum. This podcast is part of the MindShift education site, a division of KQED News. KQED is an NPR/PBS member station based in San Francisco. You can also visit the MindShift website for episodes and supplemental blog posts or tweet us \u003ca href=\"https://twitter.com/MindShiftKQED\">@MindShiftKQED\u003c/a> or visit us at \u003ca href=\"/mindshift\">MindShift.KQED.org\u003c/a>",
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