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"content": "\u003cp>The federal judge overseeing a criminal case against former President Donald Trump for interfering with the 2020 presidential election has set a trial date of March 4, 2024, brushing aside Trump’s arguments for a two-year delay.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Judge Tanya Chutkan said she spoke “briefly” with a judge in New York who had been set to oversee a separate, hush-money case against Trump later in March 2024.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Manhattan District Attorney Alvin Bragg had previously said he would be flexible on that case, as long as the judges agreed.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The trial in Washington, D.C., at a courthouse only steps from the U.S. Capitol where rioters ran amok on Jan. 6, 2021, falls deep into the 2024 election season — and just before Super Tuesday. It adds to a hectic legal schedule for Trump, who also faces charges in New York, Florida and Georgia.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Trump has pleaded not guilty to charges that include conspiracy to defraud the U.S., conspiracy to obstruct Congress, and conspiracy against rights for allegedly trying to disenfranchise millions of American voters by attempting to overturn the 2020 election and disrupt the peaceful transfer of power.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Setting a trial date does not depend and should not depend on a defendant’s personal obligations,” the judge said. She said setting a trial date while considering a professional athlete’s schedule would be “inappropriate” and the same would be true in a case involving a former president running to return to the White House.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“I take seriously the defense’s request that Mr. Trump be treated like any other defendant appearing before this court, and I intend to do so,” said the judge, a longtime former public defender.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Special counsel prosecutor Molly Gaston said the Justice Department had already turned over 12.8 million pages of discovery to the defense, including another group of materials overnight. She said the special counsel had created and shared a nearly 300-page annotated version of the four-count indictment, pointing out their evidentiary basis for each allegation in the charging document.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“At this point, discovery is now substantially complete,” Gaston said.[aside postID=\"news_11957092,news_11951113,news_11918319\" label=\"Related Coverage\"]Much of that material consists of duplicate papers or pages the Trump legal team has already seen coming from his political action committee, the National Archives, the Secret Service and the work of the House Select Committee investigating the Jan. 6 riot, the judge pointed out. Many of the potential 250 witnesses in the case worked closely with Trump, who spent months trying without success to prevent some of his attorneys, top aides and former Vice President Mike Pence from providing grand jury testimony.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“This is an overwhelming task,” Trump attorney John Lauro said. “This man’s liberty and life is at stake. He deserves an adequate representation.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Lauro said the trial date is “inconsistent” with Trump’s right to due process and the judge said she would note that objection for the record.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Lauro, who was hired about six weeks ago, said he had a “solemn obligation” to protect Trump’s rights, raising his voice.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The judge twice cautioned him to “take the temperature down here.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“It’s not easy when you have the entire government amassed against you,” Lauro replied. “President Trump stands before you as an innocent man right now.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Lauro argued the case would be a complex one as he foreshadowed a number of motions he will file in the coming weeks, including an argument that the former president should be immune from prosecution because he has been indicted for “being President Trump.” Lauro said he’s preparing a motion to dismiss the indictment based on selective prosecution, because “it provides an advantage to these prosecutors’ boss who’s running a campaign against President Trump.” He said they plan to assert Trump was exercising his First Amendment rights, not violating federal conspiracy laws.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Prosecutor Gaston said the trial should happen as soon as the defense can reasonably be ready, given Trump’s disparaging remarks about prosecutors, witnesses, the judge, and residents of Washington, D.C., which could taint the jury pool.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Earlier Monday, Trump called special counsel Jack Smith “deranged” and accused Biden White House officials of being “fascist thugs.” Smith attended the hearing in Washington on Monday morning, but he didn’t make any comments in or outside the courtroom.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>Copyright 2023 NPR. To see more, visit \u003ca href=\"https://www.npr.org\">npr.org\u003c/a>.\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\n",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>Much of that material consists of duplicate papers or pages the Trump legal team has already seen coming from his political action committee, the National Archives, the Secret Service and the work of the House Select Committee investigating the Jan. 6 riot, the judge pointed out. Many of the potential 250 witnesses in the case worked closely with Trump, who spent months trying without success to prevent some of his attorneys, top aides and former Vice President Mike Pence from providing grand jury testimony.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“This is an overwhelming task,” Trump attorney John Lauro said. “This man’s liberty and life is at stake. He deserves an adequate representation.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Lauro said the trial date is “inconsistent” with Trump’s right to due process and the judge said she would note that objection for the record.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Lauro, who was hired about six weeks ago, said he had a “solemn obligation” to protect Trump’s rights, raising his voice.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The judge twice cautioned him to “take the temperature down here.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“It’s not easy when you have the entire government amassed against you,” Lauro replied. “President Trump stands before you as an innocent man right now.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Lauro argued the case would be a complex one as he foreshadowed a number of motions he will file in the coming weeks, including an argument that the former president should be immune from prosecution because he has been indicted for “being President Trump.” Lauro said he’s preparing a motion to dismiss the indictment based on selective prosecution, because “it provides an advantage to these prosecutors’ boss who’s running a campaign against President Trump.” He said they plan to assert Trump was exercising his First Amendment rights, not violating federal conspiracy laws.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Prosecutor Gaston said the trial should happen as soon as the defense can reasonably be ready, given Trump’s disparaging remarks about prosecutors, witnesses, the judge, and residents of Washington, D.C., which could taint the jury pool.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Earlier Monday, Trump called special counsel Jack Smith “deranged” and accused Biden White House officials of being “fascist thugs.” Smith attended the hearing in Washington on Monday morning, but he didn’t make any comments in or outside the courtroom.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>Copyright 2023 NPR. To see more, visit \u003ca href=\"https://www.npr.org\">npr.org\u003c/a>.\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>",
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"title": "Another COVID Variant? What to Know About BA.2.86, Your Immunity and Boosters",
"headTitle": "Another COVID Variant? What to Know About BA.2.86, Your Immunity and Boosters | KQED",
"content": "\u003cp>\u003cstrong>I’ve heard there is yet another new variant of SARS-CoV-2. Say it ain’t so!\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Yes, it is so. Viruses mutate, new variants emerge. That’s happened a number of times with SARS-CoV-2 since the start of the pandemic in 2020. And it’s happening again. In mid-August, the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention announced: “A new variant of SARS-CoV-2 called BA.2.86 was detected in samples from people in Denmark and Israel. At least two cases have been identified in the United States. This variant is notable because it has multiple genetic differences from previous versions of SARS-CoV-2.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In fact there are 35 mutations on the spike protein compared to currently circulating variants. That’s as big of a difference as there was between the original virus and the omicron variant identified in November 2021.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The spike protein is what the virus uses to enter our cells. Those mutations could potentially help the virus evade the protection provided by COVID vaccinations and prior infections, says \u003ca href=\"https://yourlocalepidemiologist.substack.com/about\">Katelyn Jetelina,\u003c/a> an epidemiologist and scientific consultant to the CDC, who writes the “Your Local Epidemiologist” blog.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The CDC and the World Health Organization are taking a closer look.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>There’s not yet enough data to assess the potential of this variant to cause a wave. But the CDC said on Wednesday that, “based on what [it] knows now, existing tests used to detect and medications used to treat COVID-19 appear to be effective” for the variant.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The CDC also believes that BA.2.86 may be more capable of causing infection in people who have previously had COVID-19 or who have received COVID-19 vaccines because the mutations on the spike protein could allow it to evade our immune systems despite prior vaccinations and having had COVID-19. Scientists are evaluating the effectiveness of the new booster expected to be approved by mid September.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>And companies that make antigen tests, vaccines and treatments are testing them to see if they are effective on the variant.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>If the conclusion is that this variant poses a significant risk of triggering waves of cases due to its mutations, it will get it own name. That name, next in the Greek alphabet for COVID variants, would be pi.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>I have a 66-year-old friend who’s never stopped wearing a mask and still refuses to go to restaurants, movies or even socialize indoors. He has had the latest booster. Are these extreme precautions still warranted at this stage? \u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“It’s complicated,” says \u003ca href=\"https://profiles.mountsinai.org/waleed-javaid\">Dr. Waleed Javaid,\u003c/a> epidemiologist and director of Infection Prevention and Control at Mount Sinai Downtown in New York City. “Some people refused to mask, and others refuse to unmask. Part of it is knowing your risks, like if you are traveling in a crowded space.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Javaid says we need to to be empathetic to the needs of others. “We don’t know other peoples’ risks. Some people may have serious illnesses, immunocompromising conditions, cancers, or transplants — and not share this information with their friends or loved ones.”[pullquote size='medium' align='right' citation=\"Dr. Waleed Javaid, director, Infection Prevention and Control at Mount Sinai Downtown in New York City\"]‘We don’t know other peoples’ risks. Some people may have serious illnesses, immunocompromising conditions, cancers, or transplants — and not share this information with their friends or loved ones.’[/pullquote]\u003ca href=\"https://publichealth.jhu.edu/faculty/1972/andrew-stanley-pekosz\">Andrew Pekosz,\u003c/a> a professor of molecular microbiology and immunology at the Johns Hopkins Center for Global Health, says “it’s still very, very clear” that the hospitalizations and deaths from COVID — \u003ca href=\"https://covid.cdc.gov/covid-data-tracker/#hospitalizations-landing\">currently on the rise\u003c/a> — are being driven by certain portions of the population: those over the age of 65, those with underlying medical conditions, individuals on cancer treatment, solid organ transplant recipients and people who are immunocompromised. “In my opinion, if you are in those groups that should more than justify taking a few extra precautions if you want to minimize your risk,” he says. “And I think we as a society needs to be a little bit more accepting of those individuals who feel the need to take those steps to protect themselves.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>As for case counts, the end of the public health emergency for COVID means many data points on cases are no longer collected. But in the U.S., \u003ca href=\"https://covid.cdc.gov/covid-data-tracker/#trends_weeklyhospitaladmissions_7dayeddiagnosed_00\">emergency room visits\u003c/a> are still tallied and are rising. U.S. hospitalizations are still reported as well and have been increasing steadily since July, based on CDC data. For the week ending Aug. 12, there were 12,613 new hospitalizations for the virus, up from 10,370 the previous week.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>How long will it take for the new booster, coming in the fall, to confer protection? A week? Ten days? \u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>First, news alert: A meeting of the CDC’s Advisory Committee on Immunization Practices \u003ca href=\"https://www.federalregister.gov/documents/2023/08/25/2023-18288/advisory-committee-on-immunization-practices\">has been set for Sept. 12\u003c/a> to discuss the updated COVID-19 booster, likely to be followed by the CDC director adopting their recommendation very soon after and making recommendations on who should get the updated shot. Pharmacies and doctors offices are already gearing up to give the shot.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Now back to the immunity you can expect. “It takes up to two weeks for you to have the best protection [from a vaccine],” says Dr. Javaid. Andrew Pekosz says for COVID the vaccines may even work a bit faster because of prior immunity people have from vaccines and from \u003ca href=\"https://www.cdc.gov/coronavirus/2019-ncov/cases-updates/burden.html#est-infections\">having had the virus.\u003c/a> “Within ten days you would detect increases in your immunity and by two weeks you should be at pretty good levels that would be protecting you from a COVID-19 infection and particularly severe COVID-19,” Pekosz says.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>When does protection of COVID vaccines and boosters wane? \u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“We don’t have that long-term data available yet,” says Dr. Javaid. “There are multiple factors involved. There are patient factors, illnesses, immunocompromising conditions and the ability to mount immune response depending on medications — like steroids — that suppress the immune system. There are also viral factors, like if the virus mutates enough to evade our immune system.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In general, says Javaid, being vaccinated will provide some degree of protection against infection that can last for months or even years because of the body’s immune memory. This means vaccinated individuals will likely have milder symptoms than unvaccinated. And so far, Javaid says, the vaccines have held up well against severe disease.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>There are three vaccines this fall — the flu vaccine, the expected fall COVID booster and the RSV vaccine. Can I get them all at once?\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>You can get the flu shot and fall booster together without any interference of the effectiveness of either, says \u003ca href=\"https://www.medschool.umaryland.edu/profiles/Frieman-Matthew/\">Matthew Frieman,\u003c/a> research professor of microbiology and immunology at the University of Maryland School of Medicine. “In fact,” says Frieman, “vaccines that would combine the two are in clinical trials.”[aside postID=news_11954507,news_11957790,news_11948759 label='COVID resources']Dr. Javaid points out that children get vaccines that combine protection — like one for mumps, measles and rubella (German measles) with no problem.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"https://www.cdc.gov/flu/prevent/coadministration.htm\">The CDC gives the thumbs up to getting the flu and COVID vaccines together as well\u003c/a> and says you can even get them in the same arm, though getting each in a different arm can help reduce short-term pain that can come with getting a vaccination.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>As for timing … The new boosters aren’t here yet. October is considered the best month to get a flu shot since protection can wane over the flu season, which ends in May or June. So assuming that the new booster is out by then, you could go for a two-fer.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Then there are new vaccines, just recently approved, for \u003ca href=\"https://www.cdc.gov/rsv/index.html\">respiratory syncytial virus (RSV)\u003c/a>, which is also a fall virus and which is most dangerous for very young kids and older adults. A vaccine is recommended for people 60+ and is available now, and another was just approved\u003ca href=\"https://www.npr.org/sections/health-shots/2023/08/21/1194677541/pfizers-rsv-vaccine-to-protect-babies-gets-greenlight-from-fda\"> for pregnant women\u003c/a> to provide protection for their babies from RSV right from birth. There’s also a treatment for infants that works like a vaccine to protect them.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But there isn’t yet data available on whether people over 60 can take the RSV vaccine simultaneously with the COVID and flu vaccines. You may want to consult with your doctor about timing for the RSV vaccine if you are in a risk group, suggests the immunologist Pekosz.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>I’m over 65. Does that impact immunity from the booster? \u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In older adults the body may not be as aggressive in making antibodies as it in younger years, says Dr. Javaid. “This is why it’s a good idea to ask your doctor if the CDC recommends more frequent boosting for your age or for individuals in certain risk groups.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Pekosz adds that for your average over-65er, “the immune response from the vaccine should last from four to six months in terms of protecting from severe disease.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>And everyone should be considering the updated booster when it’s available, says Pekosz, “because the variants that are circulating now are very different from what was in the last vaccine for COVID-19.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"https://www.cdc.gov/coronavirus/2019-ncov/your-health/isolation.html\">\u003cstrong>The CDC advises\u003c/strong>\u003c/a>\u003cstrong> that people exposed to someone who has tested positive for COVID wear a mask for at least 10 days and people who test positive themselves wear a mask for at least five days. A reader asks if five days is enough for someone who is infected? \u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Dr. Javaid says that if you are exposed to COVID-19 and don’t develop symptoms right away, it’s good to stay masked for the CDC’s recommended time because if you do develop the virus in the days ahead, your infectiousness is highest in the first few days, and you can’t be sure when that might be.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>There’s news on home tests as well. On this week’s reporter’s call, the CDC said there is some funding to send tests to libraries and public health departments so check to see if free tests are available. And also check prices since online and retail stores may sometimes discount home tests.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>See \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/news/tag/coronavirus-resources-and-explainers\">all KQED COVID resources and explainers\u003c/a>.\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>Fran Kritz is a health policy reporter based in Washington, D.C., and a regular contributor to NPR. She also reports for the \u003c/em>Washington Post\u003cem> and \u003c/em>Verywell Health\u003cem>. Find her on Twitter: @fkritz\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>Copyright 2023 NPR. To see more, visit \u003ca href=\"https://www.npr.org\">npr.org\u003c/a>.\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad floatright]\u003c/p>\n",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>\u003cstrong>I’ve heard there is yet another new variant of SARS-CoV-2. Say it ain’t so!\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Yes, it is so. Viruses mutate, new variants emerge. That’s happened a number of times with SARS-CoV-2 since the start of the pandemic in 2020. And it’s happening again. In mid-August, the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention announced: “A new variant of SARS-CoV-2 called BA.2.86 was detected in samples from people in Denmark and Israel. At least two cases have been identified in the United States. This variant is notable because it has multiple genetic differences from previous versions of SARS-CoV-2.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In fact there are 35 mutations on the spike protein compared to currently circulating variants. That’s as big of a difference as there was between the original virus and the omicron variant identified in November 2021.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The spike protein is what the virus uses to enter our cells. Those mutations could potentially help the virus evade the protection provided by COVID vaccinations and prior infections, says \u003ca href=\"https://yourlocalepidemiologist.substack.com/about\">Katelyn Jetelina,\u003c/a> an epidemiologist and scientific consultant to the CDC, who writes the “Your Local Epidemiologist” blog.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The CDC and the World Health Organization are taking a closer look.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>There’s not yet enough data to assess the potential of this variant to cause a wave. But the CDC said on Wednesday that, “based on what [it] knows now, existing tests used to detect and medications used to treat COVID-19 appear to be effective” for the variant.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The CDC also believes that BA.2.86 may be more capable of causing infection in people who have previously had COVID-19 or who have received COVID-19 vaccines because the mutations on the spike protein could allow it to evade our immune systems despite prior vaccinations and having had COVID-19. Scientists are evaluating the effectiveness of the new booster expected to be approved by mid September.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>And companies that make antigen tests, vaccines and treatments are testing them to see if they are effective on the variant.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>If the conclusion is that this variant poses a significant risk of triggering waves of cases due to its mutations, it will get it own name. That name, next in the Greek alphabet for COVID variants, would be pi.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>I have a 66-year-old friend who’s never stopped wearing a mask and still refuses to go to restaurants, movies or even socialize indoors. He has had the latest booster. Are these extreme precautions still warranted at this stage? \u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“It’s complicated,” says \u003ca href=\"https://profiles.mountsinai.org/waleed-javaid\">Dr. Waleed Javaid,\u003c/a> epidemiologist and director of Infection Prevention and Control at Mount Sinai Downtown in New York City. “Some people refused to mask, and others refuse to unmask. Part of it is knowing your risks, like if you are traveling in a crowded space.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Javaid says we need to to be empathetic to the needs of others. “We don’t know other peoples’ risks. Some people may have serious illnesses, immunocompromising conditions, cancers, or transplants — and not share this information with their friends or loved ones.”\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"https://publichealth.jhu.edu/faculty/1972/andrew-stanley-pekosz\">Andrew Pekosz,\u003c/a> a professor of molecular microbiology and immunology at the Johns Hopkins Center for Global Health, says “it’s still very, very clear” that the hospitalizations and deaths from COVID — \u003ca href=\"https://covid.cdc.gov/covid-data-tracker/#hospitalizations-landing\">currently on the rise\u003c/a> — are being driven by certain portions of the population: those over the age of 65, those with underlying medical conditions, individuals on cancer treatment, solid organ transplant recipients and people who are immunocompromised. “In my opinion, if you are in those groups that should more than justify taking a few extra precautions if you want to minimize your risk,” he says. “And I think we as a society needs to be a little bit more accepting of those individuals who feel the need to take those steps to protect themselves.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>As for case counts, the end of the public health emergency for COVID means many data points on cases are no longer collected. But in the U.S., \u003ca href=\"https://covid.cdc.gov/covid-data-tracker/#trends_weeklyhospitaladmissions_7dayeddiagnosed_00\">emergency room visits\u003c/a> are still tallied and are rising. U.S. hospitalizations are still reported as well and have been increasing steadily since July, based on CDC data. For the week ending Aug. 12, there were 12,613 new hospitalizations for the virus, up from 10,370 the previous week.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>How long will it take for the new booster, coming in the fall, to confer protection? A week? Ten days? \u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>First, news alert: A meeting of the CDC’s Advisory Committee on Immunization Practices \u003ca href=\"https://www.federalregister.gov/documents/2023/08/25/2023-18288/advisory-committee-on-immunization-practices\">has been set for Sept. 12\u003c/a> to discuss the updated COVID-19 booster, likely to be followed by the CDC director adopting their recommendation very soon after and making recommendations on who should get the updated shot. Pharmacies and doctors offices are already gearing up to give the shot.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Now back to the immunity you can expect. “It takes up to two weeks for you to have the best protection [from a vaccine],” says Dr. Javaid. Andrew Pekosz says for COVID the vaccines may even work a bit faster because of prior immunity people have from vaccines and from \u003ca href=\"https://www.cdc.gov/coronavirus/2019-ncov/cases-updates/burden.html#est-infections\">having had the virus.\u003c/a> “Within ten days you would detect increases in your immunity and by two weeks you should be at pretty good levels that would be protecting you from a COVID-19 infection and particularly severe COVID-19,” Pekosz says.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>When does protection of COVID vaccines and boosters wane? \u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“We don’t have that long-term data available yet,” says Dr. Javaid. “There are multiple factors involved. There are patient factors, illnesses, immunocompromising conditions and the ability to mount immune response depending on medications — like steroids — that suppress the immune system. There are also viral factors, like if the virus mutates enough to evade our immune system.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In general, says Javaid, being vaccinated will provide some degree of protection against infection that can last for months or even years because of the body’s immune memory. This means vaccinated individuals will likely have milder symptoms than unvaccinated. And so far, Javaid says, the vaccines have held up well against severe disease.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>There are three vaccines this fall — the flu vaccine, the expected fall COVID booster and the RSV vaccine. Can I get them all at once?\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>You can get the flu shot and fall booster together without any interference of the effectiveness of either, says \u003ca href=\"https://www.medschool.umaryland.edu/profiles/Frieman-Matthew/\">Matthew Frieman,\u003c/a> research professor of microbiology and immunology at the University of Maryland School of Medicine. “In fact,” says Frieman, “vaccines that would combine the two are in clinical trials.”\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>Dr. Javaid points out that children get vaccines that combine protection — like one for mumps, measles and rubella (German measles) with no problem.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"https://www.cdc.gov/flu/prevent/coadministration.htm\">The CDC gives the thumbs up to getting the flu and COVID vaccines together as well\u003c/a> and says you can even get them in the same arm, though getting each in a different arm can help reduce short-term pain that can come with getting a vaccination.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>As for timing … The new boosters aren’t here yet. October is considered the best month to get a flu shot since protection can wane over the flu season, which ends in May or June. So assuming that the new booster is out by then, you could go for a two-fer.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Then there are new vaccines, just recently approved, for \u003ca href=\"https://www.cdc.gov/rsv/index.html\">respiratory syncytial virus (RSV)\u003c/a>, which is also a fall virus and which is most dangerous for very young kids and older adults. A vaccine is recommended for people 60+ and is available now, and another was just approved\u003ca href=\"https://www.npr.org/sections/health-shots/2023/08/21/1194677541/pfizers-rsv-vaccine-to-protect-babies-gets-greenlight-from-fda\"> for pregnant women\u003c/a> to provide protection for their babies from RSV right from birth. There’s also a treatment for infants that works like a vaccine to protect them.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But there isn’t yet data available on whether people over 60 can take the RSV vaccine simultaneously with the COVID and flu vaccines. You may want to consult with your doctor about timing for the RSV vaccine if you are in a risk group, suggests the immunologist Pekosz.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>I’m over 65. Does that impact immunity from the booster? \u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In older adults the body may not be as aggressive in making antibodies as it in younger years, says Dr. Javaid. “This is why it’s a good idea to ask your doctor if the CDC recommends more frequent boosting for your age or for individuals in certain risk groups.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Pekosz adds that for your average over-65er, “the immune response from the vaccine should last from four to six months in terms of protecting from severe disease.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>And everyone should be considering the updated booster when it’s available, says Pekosz, “because the variants that are circulating now are very different from what was in the last vaccine for COVID-19.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"https://www.cdc.gov/coronavirus/2019-ncov/your-health/isolation.html\">\u003cstrong>The CDC advises\u003c/strong>\u003c/a>\u003cstrong> that people exposed to someone who has tested positive for COVID wear a mask for at least 10 days and people who test positive themselves wear a mask for at least five days. A reader asks if five days is enough for someone who is infected? \u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Dr. Javaid says that if you are exposed to COVID-19 and don’t develop symptoms right away, it’s good to stay masked for the CDC’s recommended time because if you do develop the virus in the days ahead, your infectiousness is highest in the first few days, and you can’t be sure when that might be.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>There’s news on home tests as well. On this week’s reporter’s call, the CDC said there is some funding to send tests to libraries and public health departments so check to see if free tests are available. And also check prices since online and retail stores may sometimes discount home tests.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>See \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/news/tag/coronavirus-resources-and-explainers\">all KQED COVID resources and explainers\u003c/a>.\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>Fran Kritz is a health policy reporter based in Washington, D.C., and a regular contributor to NPR. She also reports for the \u003c/em>Washington Post\u003cem> and \u003c/em>Verywell Health\u003cem>. Find her on Twitter: @fkritz\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>Copyright 2023 NPR. To see more, visit \u003ca href=\"https://www.npr.org\">npr.org\u003c/a>.\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cp>Two people dressed in dark colors and wearing masks dart into a busy street on a hill in San Francisco. One of them hauls a big orange traffic cone. They sprint toward a \u003ca href=\"https://www.npr.org/2023/08/10/1193272085/san-francisco-has-lots-of-self-driving-cars-theyre-driving-first-responders-nuts\">driverless car \u003c/a>and quickly set the cone on the hood.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The vehicle’s side lights burst on and start flashing orange. And then, it sits there immobile.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“All right, looks good,” one of them says after making sure no one is inside. “Let’s get out of here.” They hop on e-bikes and pedal off.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>All it takes to render the technology-packed self-driving car inoperable is a traffic cone. If all goes according to plan, it will stay there, frozen, until someone comes and removes it. \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>An anonymous activist group called Safe Street Rebel is responsible for this so-called coning incident and dozens of others over the past few months. The group’s goal is to incapacitate the driverless cars roaming San Francisco’s streets as a protest against the city being used \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/news/11957833/are-you-ready-for-more-driverless-taxis-cpuc-votes-on-whether-to-let-cruise-waymo-expand-in-sf\">as a testing ground for this emerging technology\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Over the past couple of years, driverless cars have become ubiquitous throughout San Francisco. It began with human safety drivers on board, who were there to make sure everything ran smoothly. And then, many cars started operating with no humans at all. \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>They’re mostly run by Cruise, which is owned by GM, and Waymo, which is owned by Google parent company Alphabet. Both companies have \u003ca href=\"https://www.wsj.com/articles/americas-most-tech-forward-city-has-doubts-about-self-driving-cars-d6b098e0\">poured billions of dollars\u003c/a> into developing these autonomous vehicles. Neither Cruise nor Waymo responded to questions about why the cars can be disabled by traffic cones.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Waymo says it has a permit for 250 cars and it deploys about 100 at any given time. Cruise says it runs 100 in San Francisco during the day and 300 at night. The Department of Motor Vehicles made Cruise \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/news/11958630/cruise-robotaxi-fleet-will-be-halved-after-2-crashes-in-san-francisco\">cut that number in half\u003c/a> after one of its cars collided with a firetruck last week. \u003c/p>\n\u003ch2>Street theater protests are nothing new in San Francisco\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>Earlier this month, the California Public Utilities Commission voted 3-1 to let the two companies \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/news/11957833/are-you-ready-for-more-driverless-taxis-cpuc-votes-on-whether-to-let-cruise-waymo-expand-in-sf\">run their vehicles at all hours of the day\u003c/a> picking up passengers like taxis.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The lead-up to the commission’s vote prompted the Safe Street Rebel group to start “coning,” as they call it. Members have long used street theater shenanigans to gain attention in their fight against cars and to promote public transportation. \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Coning driverless cars fits in line with a long history of protests against the impact of the tech industry on San Francisco. Throughout the years, activists have \u003ca href=\"https://www.npr.org/sections/alltechconsidered/2013/12/17/251960183/in-a-divided-san-francisco-private-tech-buses-drive-tension\">blockaded Google’s private commuter buses\u003c/a> from picking up employees in the city. And when scooter companies flooded the sidewalks with electric scooters, people \u003ca href=\"https://www.cnet.com/culture/the-mad-tale-of-the-electric-scooter-craze-with-bird-lime-and-spin-in-san-francisco/\">threw them into San Francisco Bay\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Then there was the burning of Lime scooters in front of a Google bus,” says Manissa Maharawal, an assistant professor at American University who has \u003ca href=\"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/abs/10.1111/anti.12744\">studied these protests\u003c/a>. \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>She points out that when tech companies test their products in the city, residents don’t have much say in those decisions: “There’s been various iterations of this where it’s like, ‘Oh, yep, let’s try that out in San Francisco again,’ with very little input from anyone who lives here.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>That gets to the crux of Safe Street Rebel’s protest. The group only agreed to speak to NPR if they could remain anonymous because it’s unclear if what they’re doing is legal.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“We thought that putting cones on these [driverless cars] was a funny image that could captivate people,” says one organizer. “One of these self-driving cars with billions of dollars of venture capital investment money and R&D, just being disabled by a common traffic cone.”\u003c/p>\n\u003ch2>First responders aren’t happy with driverless cars\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>Safe Street Rebel has \u003ca href=\"https://www.safestreetrebel.com/conesf/\">cataloged hundreds of near misses and blunders\u003c/a> with Cruise and Waymo vehicles over the past few months — even without traffic cones. \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The cars have \u003ca href=\"https://sfstandard.com/2023/07/12/watch-san-francisco-cruise-robotaxi-appears-to-almost-get-hit-by-bus/\">run red lights\u003c/a>, \u003ca href=\"https://www.dmv.ca.gov/portal/file/cruise_032323-pdf/\">rear-ended a bus\u003c/a> and blocked crosswalks and bike paths. In one incident, dozens of confused cars \u003ca href=\"https://www.cbsnews.com/sanfrancisco/news/dead-end-sf-street-plagued-with-confused-waymo-cars-trying-to-turn-around-every-5-minutes/\">congregated in a residential cul-de-sac\u003c/a>, clogging the street. In another, a Waymo \u003ca href=\"https://techcrunch.com/2023/06/06/a-waymo-self-driving-car-killed-a-dog-in-unavoidable-accident/\">ran over and killed a dog\u003c/a>. \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“We don’t really need traffic cones to show how vulnerable they are,” says the Safe Street Rebel organizer.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Both Cruise and Waymo say their vehicles are far safer than human drivers and compared to humans they’ve had relatively\u003cstrong> \u003c/strong>few incidents. They say they’ve driven millions of driverless miles without any human fatalities or life-threatening injuries. An Uber self-driving car, operating in full autonomous mode and with a safety driver in the vehicle, \u003ca href=\"https://www.wired.com/story/uber-self-driving-car-fatal-crash/\">killed a pedestrian in Arizona\u003c/a> in 2018.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Safe Street Rebel isn’t the only group that’s had issues with the autonomous vehicles. San Francisco’s police and fire departments have also said the cars \u003ca href=\"https://www.npr.org/2023/08/10/1193272085/san-francisco-has-lots-of-self-driving-cars-theyre-driving-first-responders-nuts\">aren’t yet ready for public roads\u003c/a>. They’ve \u003ca href=\"https://missionlocal.org/2023/08/cruise-waymo-autonomous-vehicle-robot-taxi-driverless-car-reports-san-francisco/\">tallied 55 incidents where self-driving cars have gotten in the way of rescue operations\u003c/a> in just the past six months. \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Those incidents include driving through yellow emergency tape, blocking firehouse driveways, \u003ca href=\"https://missionlocal.org/2023/05/waymo-cruise-fire-department-police-san-francisco/\">running over fire hoses\u003c/a> and refusing to move for first responders. \u003c/p>\n\u003ch2>Autonomous vehicles are programmed to be overly conservative\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>Ziwen Wan, a Ph.D. candidate in computer science at University of California, Irvine, has \u003ca href=\"https://www.universityofcalifornia.edu/news/autonomous-vehicles-can-be-tricked-dangerous-driving-behavior\">studied why driverless cars may be acting this way\u003c/a>. He used open source data for his research, so his findings aren’t based specifically on Cruise and Waymo. Wan found that ordinary objects on the road can lead to dangerous driving behavior. Part of this, he says, is because the cars are programmed to be overly conservative. \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“The software can make the autonomous vehicle behave as conservatively as possible because a safety violation would be very serious,” Wan says. “But this may lead to concerns on the other side, like in some cases, even though it’s safe it will fail to drive normally.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>That abnormal driving includes abrupt halts, swerves, erratic behavior or just stopping in the middle of the road. \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“The traffic cone protest is an example of how things in the real world can really confound machines, even ones as sophisticated and finely tuned as this,” says Margaret O’Mara, a history professor at the University of Washington who \u003ca href=\"https://www.margaretomara.com/\">studies the tech industry\u003c/a>. “It’s a reminder that in this very high-tech world, the most low-tech things can literally put a wrench in the machine.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Despite the bumps in the road, both Waymo and Cruise are rapidly expanding their robo-taxi programs throughout the U.S. Waymo is already giving rides in Phoenix and is testing with human safety drivers in Los Angeles and Austin. And Cruise is offering rides in Phoenix and Austin and testing in Dallas, Houston, Miami, Nashville and Charlotte.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad floatright]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Meanwhile, in San Francisco, members of Safe Street Rebel continue to go out at night and stalk the vehicles one cone at a time. \u003c/p>\n\u003cdiv class=\"fullattribution\">Copyright 2023 NPR. To see more, visit https://www.npr.org.\u003cimg decoding=\"async\" src=\"https://www.google-analytics.com/__utm.gif?utmac=UA-5828686-4&utmdt=Armed+with+traffic+cones%2C+protesters+are+immobilizing+driverless+cars&utme=8(APIKey)9(MDAxOTAwOTE4MDEyMTkxMDAzNjczZDljZA004)\">\u003c/div>\n\n",
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"excerpt": "Self-driving cars have flooded San Francisco's streets, and not everyone is happy. Street activists have been using a low-tech solution to incapacitate the vehicles.",
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"title": "SF Activists Protest, Immobilize Driverless Cars With Traffic Cones | KQED",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>Two people dressed in dark colors and wearing masks dart into a busy street on a hill in San Francisco. One of them hauls a big orange traffic cone. They sprint toward a \u003ca href=\"https://www.npr.org/2023/08/10/1193272085/san-francisco-has-lots-of-self-driving-cars-theyre-driving-first-responders-nuts\">driverless car \u003c/a>and quickly set the cone on the hood.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The vehicle’s side lights burst on and start flashing orange. And then, it sits there immobile.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“All right, looks good,” one of them says after making sure no one is inside. “Let’s get out of here.” They hop on e-bikes and pedal off.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>All it takes to render the technology-packed self-driving car inoperable is a traffic cone. If all goes according to plan, it will stay there, frozen, until someone comes and removes it. \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>An anonymous activist group called Safe Street Rebel is responsible for this so-called coning incident and dozens of others over the past few months. The group’s goal is to incapacitate the driverless cars roaming San Francisco’s streets as a protest against the city being used \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/news/11957833/are-you-ready-for-more-driverless-taxis-cpuc-votes-on-whether-to-let-cruise-waymo-expand-in-sf\">as a testing ground for this emerging technology\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Over the past couple of years, driverless cars have become ubiquitous throughout San Francisco. It began with human safety drivers on board, who were there to make sure everything ran smoothly. And then, many cars started operating with no humans at all. \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>They’re mostly run by Cruise, which is owned by GM, and Waymo, which is owned by Google parent company Alphabet. Both companies have \u003ca href=\"https://www.wsj.com/articles/americas-most-tech-forward-city-has-doubts-about-self-driving-cars-d6b098e0\">poured billions of dollars\u003c/a> into developing these autonomous vehicles. Neither Cruise nor Waymo responded to questions about why the cars can be disabled by traffic cones.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Waymo says it has a permit for 250 cars and it deploys about 100 at any given time. Cruise says it runs 100 in San Francisco during the day and 300 at night. The Department of Motor Vehicles made Cruise \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/news/11958630/cruise-robotaxi-fleet-will-be-halved-after-2-crashes-in-san-francisco\">cut that number in half\u003c/a> after one of its cars collided with a firetruck last week. \u003c/p>\n\u003ch2>Street theater protests are nothing new in San Francisco\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>Earlier this month, the California Public Utilities Commission voted 3-1 to let the two companies \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/news/11957833/are-you-ready-for-more-driverless-taxis-cpuc-votes-on-whether-to-let-cruise-waymo-expand-in-sf\">run their vehicles at all hours of the day\u003c/a> picking up passengers like taxis.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The lead-up to the commission’s vote prompted the Safe Street Rebel group to start “coning,” as they call it. Members have long used street theater shenanigans to gain attention in their fight against cars and to promote public transportation. \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Coning driverless cars fits in line with a long history of protests against the impact of the tech industry on San Francisco. Throughout the years, activists have \u003ca href=\"https://www.npr.org/sections/alltechconsidered/2013/12/17/251960183/in-a-divided-san-francisco-private-tech-buses-drive-tension\">blockaded Google’s private commuter buses\u003c/a> from picking up employees in the city. And when scooter companies flooded the sidewalks with electric scooters, people \u003ca href=\"https://www.cnet.com/culture/the-mad-tale-of-the-electric-scooter-craze-with-bird-lime-and-spin-in-san-francisco/\">threw them into San Francisco Bay\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Then there was the burning of Lime scooters in front of a Google bus,” says Manissa Maharawal, an assistant professor at American University who has \u003ca href=\"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/abs/10.1111/anti.12744\">studied these protests\u003c/a>. \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>She points out that when tech companies test their products in the city, residents don’t have much say in those decisions: “There’s been various iterations of this where it’s like, ‘Oh, yep, let’s try that out in San Francisco again,’ with very little input from anyone who lives here.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>That gets to the crux of Safe Street Rebel’s protest. The group only agreed to speak to NPR if they could remain anonymous because it’s unclear if what they’re doing is legal.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“We thought that putting cones on these [driverless cars] was a funny image that could captivate people,” says one organizer. “One of these self-driving cars with billions of dollars of venture capital investment money and R&D, just being disabled by a common traffic cone.”\u003c/p>\n\u003ch2>First responders aren’t happy with driverless cars\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>Safe Street Rebel has \u003ca href=\"https://www.safestreetrebel.com/conesf/\">cataloged hundreds of near misses and blunders\u003c/a> with Cruise and Waymo vehicles over the past few months — even without traffic cones. \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The cars have \u003ca href=\"https://sfstandard.com/2023/07/12/watch-san-francisco-cruise-robotaxi-appears-to-almost-get-hit-by-bus/\">run red lights\u003c/a>, \u003ca href=\"https://www.dmv.ca.gov/portal/file/cruise_032323-pdf/\">rear-ended a bus\u003c/a> and blocked crosswalks and bike paths. In one incident, dozens of confused cars \u003ca href=\"https://www.cbsnews.com/sanfrancisco/news/dead-end-sf-street-plagued-with-confused-waymo-cars-trying-to-turn-around-every-5-minutes/\">congregated in a residential cul-de-sac\u003c/a>, clogging the street. In another, a Waymo \u003ca href=\"https://techcrunch.com/2023/06/06/a-waymo-self-driving-car-killed-a-dog-in-unavoidable-accident/\">ran over and killed a dog\u003c/a>. \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“We don’t really need traffic cones to show how vulnerable they are,” says the Safe Street Rebel organizer.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Both Cruise and Waymo say their vehicles are far safer than human drivers and compared to humans they’ve had relatively\u003cstrong> \u003c/strong>few incidents. They say they’ve driven millions of driverless miles without any human fatalities or life-threatening injuries. An Uber self-driving car, operating in full autonomous mode and with a safety driver in the vehicle, \u003ca href=\"https://www.wired.com/story/uber-self-driving-car-fatal-crash/\">killed a pedestrian in Arizona\u003c/a> in 2018.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Safe Street Rebel isn’t the only group that’s had issues with the autonomous vehicles. San Francisco’s police and fire departments have also said the cars \u003ca href=\"https://www.npr.org/2023/08/10/1193272085/san-francisco-has-lots-of-self-driving-cars-theyre-driving-first-responders-nuts\">aren’t yet ready for public roads\u003c/a>. They’ve \u003ca href=\"https://missionlocal.org/2023/08/cruise-waymo-autonomous-vehicle-robot-taxi-driverless-car-reports-san-francisco/\">tallied 55 incidents where self-driving cars have gotten in the way of rescue operations\u003c/a> in just the past six months. \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Those incidents include driving through yellow emergency tape, blocking firehouse driveways, \u003ca href=\"https://missionlocal.org/2023/05/waymo-cruise-fire-department-police-san-francisco/\">running over fire hoses\u003c/a> and refusing to move for first responders. \u003c/p>\n\u003ch2>Autonomous vehicles are programmed to be overly conservative\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>Ziwen Wan, a Ph.D. candidate in computer science at University of California, Irvine, has \u003ca href=\"https://www.universityofcalifornia.edu/news/autonomous-vehicles-can-be-tricked-dangerous-driving-behavior\">studied why driverless cars may be acting this way\u003c/a>. He used open source data for his research, so his findings aren’t based specifically on Cruise and Waymo. Wan found that ordinary objects on the road can lead to dangerous driving behavior. Part of this, he says, is because the cars are programmed to be overly conservative. \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“The software can make the autonomous vehicle behave as conservatively as possible because a safety violation would be very serious,” Wan says. “But this may lead to concerns on the other side, like in some cases, even though it’s safe it will fail to drive normally.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>That abnormal driving includes abrupt halts, swerves, erratic behavior or just stopping in the middle of the road. \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“The traffic cone protest is an example of how things in the real world can really confound machines, even ones as sophisticated and finely tuned as this,” says Margaret O’Mara, a history professor at the University of Washington who \u003ca href=\"https://www.margaretomara.com/\">studies the tech industry\u003c/a>. “It’s a reminder that in this very high-tech world, the most low-tech things can literally put a wrench in the machine.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Despite the bumps in the road, both Waymo and Cruise are rapidly expanding their robo-taxi programs throughout the U.S. Waymo is already giving rides in Phoenix and is testing with human safety drivers in Los Angeles and Austin. And Cruise is offering rides in Phoenix and Austin and testing in Dallas, Houston, Miami, Nashville and Charlotte.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Meanwhile, in San Francisco, members of Safe Street Rebel continue to go out at night and stalk the vehicles one cone at a time. \u003c/p>\n\u003cdiv class=\"fullattribution\">Copyright 2023 NPR. To see more, visit https://www.npr.org.\u003cimg decoding=\"async\" src=\"https://www.google-analytics.com/__utm.gif?utmac=UA-5828686-4&utmdt=Armed+with+traffic+cones%2C+protesters+are+immobilizing+driverless+cars&utme=8(APIKey)9(MDAxOTAwOTE4MDEyMTkxMDAzNjczZDljZA004)\">\u003c/div>\n\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>",
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"slug": "biden-proposes-vast-new-marine-sanctuary-in-partnership-with-california-tribe",
"title": "Biden Proposes Vast New Marine Sanctuary in Partnership With California Tribe",
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"headTitle": "Biden Proposes Vast New Marine Sanctuary in Partnership With California Tribe | KQED",
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"content": "\u003cp>The Biden administration is one step away from designating the first national marine sanctuary nominated by a tribe. The Chumash Heritage National Marine Sanctuary would protect 5,600 square miles of ocean off the central California coast, an area known for its kelp forests, sea otters and migratory whales. Tribal members of the Chumash, \u003ca href=\"https://www.npr.org/2023/08/10/1192122040/chumash-tribe-california-marine-sanctuary\">who have lobbied for its creation for more than a decade\u003c/a>, would be involved in managing it.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The decision is part of the Biden administration’s push to give Native American tribes a say over lands and waters that were forcibly taken from them. Under the proposal, the area would be protected from energy development.[aside postID=news_11940494 hero='https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2023/02/RS62630_rock2018-qut-1020x728.jpg']“Sanctuaries uplift local participation in ocean management, and this sanctuary will put Indigenous communities in partnership with NOAA,” says Violet Sage Walker, Northern Chumash Tribal Council chairwoman and a nominator of the sanctuary. “The collective knowledge of the Central Coast’s First Peoples, as well as other local stakeholders, scientists, and policymakers, will create a strong foundation to have a thriving coast for generations to come.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Walker’s father proposed the sanctuary in 2015 and the application sat idle for years. It would be located off a stretch of coastline that’s home to many Chumash sacred sites.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“The coastal waters of central California are rich with precious marine life, contain critical ocean ecosystems, and are connected to the past, present, and future of the Chumash people,” Vice President Kamala Harris said in a statement about the announcement.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The National Oceanic and Atmospheric Association put the proposal together in consultation with the Chumash. If the sanctuary moves forward, federally recognized tribes would advise decision-making as part of a collaborative group known as an Intergovernmental Policy Council, modeled after one \u003ca href=\"https://olympiccoast.noaa.gov/management/intergovernmentalpolicy.html\">pioneered with tribes for the Olympic Coast National Marine Sanctuary\u003c/a> in Washington state.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Only one band of Chumash, the Santa Santa Ynez Band of Chumash Indians, is federally recognized. Other bands, like many tribes in California, are not. In the mid-1800s, Congress\u003ca href=\"https://www.archives.gov/files/publications/prologue/2013/fall-winter/treaties.pdf\"> rejected treaties made with some California tribes (PDF)\u003c/a> — a move that was kept secret for decades. Other bands of Chumash would be able to join the sanctuary’s advisory council, which also provides feedback for decisions and priorities.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11959142\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 1600px\">\u003ca href=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/news/?attachment_id=11959142\" rel=\"attachment wp-att-11959142\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-full wp-image-11959142\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2023/08/Screen-Shot-2023-08-24-at-5.12.42-PM.png\" alt=\"a map showing the waters off California \" width=\"1600\" height=\"1198\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2023/08/Screen-Shot-2023-08-24-at-5.12.42-PM.png 1600w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2023/08/Screen-Shot-2023-08-24-at-5.12.42-PM-800x599.png 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2023/08/Screen-Shot-2023-08-24-at-5.12.42-PM-1020x764.png 1020w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2023/08/Screen-Shot-2023-08-24-at-5.12.42-PM-160x120.png 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2023/08/Screen-Shot-2023-08-24-at-5.12.42-PM-1536x1150.png 1536w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 1600px) 100vw, 1600px\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">The proposed Chumash Heritage National Marine Sanctuary. \u003ccite>(Source: National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration Credit: Connie Hanzhang Jin/NPR)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>The new boundary of the sanctuary is smaller than the originally proposed 7,600 square miles. It now would exclude an area that is likely to be used for undersea transmission cables from future wind turbines. California’s coast has been the focus of new attention in recent years, as the wind industry looks for places to \u003ca href=\"https://www.npr.org/2022/12/30/1146141123/california-offshore-wind-promises-a-new-gold-rush-while-slashing-emissions\">install the state’s first offshore wind farms\u003c/a>. The state has an ambitious goal to get 100% of its electricity from renewable sources by 2045.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>A marine sanctuary designation would prevent wind turbines from being installed within its boundaries, as well as offshore oil platforms. Commercial fishing would be permitted in the sanctuary, as it is in most marine sanctuaries.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>NOAA will take public comments until Oct. 23 before a final decision is made in mid-2024.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The country’s network of 15 other marine sanctuaries are monitored for their ecological health, which marine experts say helps spot possible impacts and the effects of climate change. \u003ca href=\"https://www.npr.org/2023/08/10/1192122040/chumash-tribe-california-marine-sanctuary\">Chumash tribal members are already teaming up with scientists\u003c/a> to start a monitoring program where the new sanctuary would be designated.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n",
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"excerpt": "The Chumash Heritage National Marine Sanctuary would make history as the first marine sanctuary to be managed with a tribe from the outset. ",
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"title": "Biden Proposes Vast New Marine Sanctuary in Partnership With California Tribe | KQED",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>The Biden administration is one step away from designating the first national marine sanctuary nominated by a tribe. The Chumash Heritage National Marine Sanctuary would protect 5,600 square miles of ocean off the central California coast, an area known for its kelp forests, sea otters and migratory whales. Tribal members of the Chumash, \u003ca href=\"https://www.npr.org/2023/08/10/1192122040/chumash-tribe-california-marine-sanctuary\">who have lobbied for its creation for more than a decade\u003c/a>, would be involved in managing it.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The decision is part of the Biden administration’s push to give Native American tribes a say over lands and waters that were forcibly taken from them. Under the proposal, the area would be protected from energy development.\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>“Sanctuaries uplift local participation in ocean management, and this sanctuary will put Indigenous communities in partnership with NOAA,” says Violet Sage Walker, Northern Chumash Tribal Council chairwoman and a nominator of the sanctuary. “The collective knowledge of the Central Coast’s First Peoples, as well as other local stakeholders, scientists, and policymakers, will create a strong foundation to have a thriving coast for generations to come.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Walker’s father proposed the sanctuary in 2015 and the application sat idle for years. It would be located off a stretch of coastline that’s home to many Chumash sacred sites.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“The coastal waters of central California are rich with precious marine life, contain critical ocean ecosystems, and are connected to the past, present, and future of the Chumash people,” Vice President Kamala Harris said in a statement about the announcement.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The National Oceanic and Atmospheric Association put the proposal together in consultation with the Chumash. If the sanctuary moves forward, federally recognized tribes would advise decision-making as part of a collaborative group known as an Intergovernmental Policy Council, modeled after one \u003ca href=\"https://olympiccoast.noaa.gov/management/intergovernmentalpolicy.html\">pioneered with tribes for the Olympic Coast National Marine Sanctuary\u003c/a> in Washington state.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Only one band of Chumash, the Santa Santa Ynez Band of Chumash Indians, is federally recognized. Other bands, like many tribes in California, are not. In the mid-1800s, Congress\u003ca href=\"https://www.archives.gov/files/publications/prologue/2013/fall-winter/treaties.pdf\"> rejected treaties made with some California tribes (PDF)\u003c/a> — a move that was kept secret for decades. Other bands of Chumash would be able to join the sanctuary’s advisory council, which also provides feedback for decisions and priorities.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11959142\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 1600px\">\u003ca href=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/news/?attachment_id=11959142\" rel=\"attachment wp-att-11959142\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-full wp-image-11959142\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2023/08/Screen-Shot-2023-08-24-at-5.12.42-PM.png\" alt=\"a map showing the waters off California \" width=\"1600\" height=\"1198\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2023/08/Screen-Shot-2023-08-24-at-5.12.42-PM.png 1600w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2023/08/Screen-Shot-2023-08-24-at-5.12.42-PM-800x599.png 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2023/08/Screen-Shot-2023-08-24-at-5.12.42-PM-1020x764.png 1020w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2023/08/Screen-Shot-2023-08-24-at-5.12.42-PM-160x120.png 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2023/08/Screen-Shot-2023-08-24-at-5.12.42-PM-1536x1150.png 1536w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 1600px) 100vw, 1600px\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">The proposed Chumash Heritage National Marine Sanctuary. \u003ccite>(Source: National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration Credit: Connie Hanzhang Jin/NPR)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>The new boundary of the sanctuary is smaller than the originally proposed 7,600 square miles. It now would exclude an area that is likely to be used for undersea transmission cables from future wind turbines. California’s coast has been the focus of new attention in recent years, as the wind industry looks for places to \u003ca href=\"https://www.npr.org/2022/12/30/1146141123/california-offshore-wind-promises-a-new-gold-rush-while-slashing-emissions\">install the state’s first offshore wind farms\u003c/a>. The state has an ambitious goal to get 100% of its electricity from renewable sources by 2045.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>A marine sanctuary designation would prevent wind turbines from being installed within its boundaries, as well as offshore oil platforms. Commercial fishing would be permitted in the sanctuary, as it is in most marine sanctuaries.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>NOAA will take public comments until Oct. 23 before a final decision is made in mid-2024.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The country’s network of 15 other marine sanctuaries are monitored for their ecological health, which marine experts say helps spot possible impacts and the effects of climate change. \u003ca href=\"https://www.npr.org/2023/08/10/1192122040/chumash-tribe-california-marine-sanctuary\">Chumash tribal members are already teaming up with scientists\u003c/a> to start a monitoring program where the new sanctuary would be designated.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"title": "Why California's Ocean Has the World's Largest 'Octopus Garden'",
"headTitle": "Why California’s Ocean Has the World’s Largest ‘Octopus Garden’ | KQED",
"content": "\u003cp>Off the coast of California is an unusual “octopus garden” — the largest congregation of deep-sea octopuses ever discovered on Earth, where over 6,000 huddle around an extinct underwater volcano in the black, cold ocean depths, almost two miles below the surface.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Most are brooding females that spend their days doing nothing but guarding nests full of eggs, a tedious task which can take nearly two years. It would take even longer if not for the warm water seeping from the seafloor that speeds up the growth of their babies, according to new \u003ca href=\"http://www.science.org/doi/10.1126/sciadv.adg3247\">research\u003c/a> that suggests this natural incubator is why octopuses gather there in such huge numbers.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/news/11958992/warm-below-the-storm-worlds-largest-known-octopus-garden-discovered-off-california-coast\">The discovery\u003c/a>, published in the journal \u003cem>Science Advances\u003c/em> on Wednesday, highlights how low-key hydrothermal vents on the ocean floor can create isolated patches of cozy warmth, hidden in the darkness, that could play an outsized role in supporting deep-sea life. Thousands of such spots could be dotted up and down coastlines, researchers say.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“It’s definitely a special site for these animals. It’s a breeding site for this octopus. It has effects for the entire community nearby that then has spillover effects beyond that,” says \u003ca href=\"https://www.mbari.org/person/james-barry/\">Jim Barry\u003c/a> of the Monterey Bay Aquarium Research Institute in California, the lead researcher for this work. “So it’s regionally important and we still know very little about it. How many more of these are there?”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003ch2>A surprise in shimmering water\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>Scientists found this site about five years ago, when a submersible vehicle got sent to explore some underwater hills around Davidson Seamount, a submerged mountain off the coast of central California that once was a volcano.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>While the seamount was well-studied, the surrounding areas were not, and researchers were shocked when the vehicle’s headlamps suddenly revealed large groups of purple octopuses, \u003cem>Muusoctopus robustus\u003c/em>, that were crouched over nests of eggs.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11959038\" class=\"wp-caption alignright\" style=\"max-width: 640px\">\u003ca href=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/news/2023/08/24/why-californias-ocean-has-the-worlds-largest-octopus-garden/octopus_garden_map_labeled_1080-1024x1024/\" rel=\"attachment wp-att-11959038\">\u003cimg decoding=\"async\" loading=\"lazy\" class=\"size-large wp-image-11959038\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2023/08/Octopus_Garden_map_labeled_1080-1024x1024-1-1020x1020.jpeg\" alt=\"\" width=\"640\" height=\"640\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2023/08/Octopus_Garden_map_labeled_1080-1024x1024-1-1020x1020.jpeg 1020w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2023/08/Octopus_Garden_map_labeled_1080-1024x1024-1-800x800.jpeg 800w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2023/08/Octopus_Garden_map_labeled_1080-1024x1024-1-160x160.jpeg 160w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2023/08/Octopus_Garden_map_labeled_1080-1024x1024-1.jpeg 1024w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 640px) 100vw, 640px\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Davidson Seamount is an extinct volcano located 80 miles southwest of Monterey. The octopus garden is located 10,500 feet below the ocean’s surface on a small hill near the base of the seamount. \u003ccite>(Madeline Go/MBARI, basemap created via ArcGIS Online, sources: Esri, USGS | Esri, GEBCO, DeLorme, NaturalVue | California State Parks, Esri, HERE, Garmin, SafeGraph, FAO, METI/NASA, USGS, Bureau of Land Management, EPA, NPS)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Octopuses generally are antisocial loners that would rather fight another octopus than live in close quarters. And yet biologists had stumbled onto an enormous octopus garden, a trippy scene straight out of a Beatles song.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“They thought, ‘Well, let’s get a really close look.’ And as they zoomed into these octopus, then they saw this shimmering water and they realized this is a thermal spring, this is warm water coming out. And that was somewhat of a surprise because this is an inactive volcano,” explains Barry.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The first time scientists ever \u003ca href=\"http://www.science.org/doi/10.1126/sciadv.adg3247\">observed\u003c/a> a bunch of deep-sea octopuses gathering together was about a decade ago, in another place where warm water seeped out of the seafloor, off Costa Rica. But researchers studying that rocky outcrop didn’t see any viable eggs and thought that perhaps the higher temperatures there had harmed their development.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Just this summer, however, \u003ca href=\"https://schmidtocean.org/scientists-discover-new-deep-sea-octopus-nurseries-in-costa-rica/\">another expedition\u003c/a> revisited that outcrop and saw that it was actually an active, successful nursery.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“It really kind of blew my mind because it is so drastically different and they’re taking observations in the exact same places that we had been looking at,” says \u003ca href=\"https://ccom.unh.edu/user/ahartwell\">Anne Hartwell\u003c/a>, with the Center for Coastal & Ocean Mapping/Joint Hydrographic Center at the University of New Hampshire, who visited the Costa Rica site in 2014.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Hartwell is part of the team that recently spent months doing robotic work to study the octopus garden near California, to figure out what role warm water might play in drawing octopuses together.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“The robots we use are so advanced and they have such great technology and cameras and dexterity with their mechanical arms,” says Hartwell. “They enable us to not quite be down there in person, but get a lot done as if we were.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The researchers mapped an area the size of a few football fields in detail, installed a time-lapse camera that watched octopuses continuously, and visited individual octopus nests again and again while monitoring water temperatures with probes.[aside postID=news_11958992 hero='https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2023/08/MBARI_OctopusGarden_octopus_nests_D1427_01_logo-1-1-1020x678.jpg']“We found 6,000 animals in just a small area, and that was just a portion of where the octopuses are distributed. So we’re estimating, I don’t know, up to 20,000 animals may be there,” explains Barry. He adds that the female octopuses are so focused on tending their nests that they mostly ignored the investigators.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“We can drive up to within eight inches of them and hold a camera right there. They don’t do a thing,” he says.\u003c/p>\n\u003ch2>The allure of rare warmth in the deep\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>The ocean water at this depth is normally about 35 degrees Fahrenheit, but the spa-like waters seeping out of cracks and crevices got up to about 51 degrees Fahrenheit — and that’s where the octopuses wanted to brood.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“The females only nest in warm sites. As far as we can tell, we could find none in cold waters,” says Barry. “There are plenty of nesting sites available, but they don’t nest on just any bare rock. They only choose those sites where there’s a nice warm pool. And in fact, if one female leaves, we found that another one will jump in there within a couple of weeks.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>What’s more, he says, the octopus eggs matured much more quickly than one would expect, based on what’s known about other octopuses that live in the cold ocean depths.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11959031\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 1909px\">\u003ca href=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/news/2023/08/24/why-californias-ocean-has-the-worlds-largest-octopus-garden/researchers-at-the-monterey-bay-aquarium-research-institute-studied-female-octopuses-that-nest-together-off-central-california-at-a-depth-of-about-3200-meters/\" rel=\"attachment wp-att-11959031\">\u003cimg decoding=\"async\" loading=\"lazy\" class=\"size-full wp-image-11959031\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2023/08/mbari_octopusgarden_octopus_nests_d1234_01_custom-1ab07c32e2a99aa4a9f7370a2432fc803ce9cf54.jpg\" alt=\"a collection of small octopus gathered on the sea floor\" width=\"1909\" height=\"1075\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2023/08/mbari_octopusgarden_octopus_nests_d1234_01_custom-1ab07c32e2a99aa4a9f7370a2432fc803ce9cf54.jpg 1909w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2023/08/mbari_octopusgarden_octopus_nests_d1234_01_custom-1ab07c32e2a99aa4a9f7370a2432fc803ce9cf54-800x450.jpg 800w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2023/08/mbari_octopusgarden_octopus_nests_d1234_01_custom-1ab07c32e2a99aa4a9f7370a2432fc803ce9cf54-1020x574.jpg 1020w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2023/08/mbari_octopusgarden_octopus_nests_d1234_01_custom-1ab07c32e2a99aa4a9f7370a2432fc803ce9cf54-160x90.jpg 160w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2023/08/mbari_octopusgarden_octopus_nests_d1234_01_custom-1ab07c32e2a99aa4a9f7370a2432fc803ce9cf54-1536x865.jpg 1536w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 1909px) 100vw, 1909px\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Researchers at the Monterey Bay Aquarium Research Institute studied female octopuses that nest together off Central California at a depth of about 10,500 feet. \u003ccite>(MBARI)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Brood times for nesting females there seemed to be about 1.8 years, while previous \u003ca href=\"https://www.mbari.org/news/deep-sea-octopus-broods-eggs-for-over-four-years-longer-than-any-known-animal/\">observations\u003c/a> of a deep-sea octopus in cold water showed that it took 4.5 years for its eggs to hatch, a length of time longer than any other animal.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Biologists know from prior research that warming generally speeds the pace of octopus embryo development. Barry says that having a shorter brooding period should give the offspring a greater chance of survival, since the female octopuses and their developing embryos would spend less time in an immobile, vulnerable state.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Seeing that they are getting a brooding time of 1.8 years is awesome. It shows that there’s an advantage to these octopus breeding their eggs in the warmer water,” says \u003ca href=\"https://www.bigelow.org/about/people/borcutt.html\">Beth Orcutt\u003c/a> of the Bigelow Laboratory for Ocean Sciences in Maine, who has studied the octopus populations off Costa Rica. “That’s the first time we’ve been able to look at that with this kind of data.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"https://www.fieldmuseum.org/about/staff/profile/janet-voight\">Janet Voight\u003c/a>, an expert on deep-sea octopuses at the Field Museum of Natural History in Chicago, says it’s astonishing to her that the California site has “a concentration of predators that exceeds any reasonable expectation. It’s like, whoa.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But these female octopuses have given up their predatory life to reproduce and, instead, they themselves are being eaten when they die. The octopus garden seems to support a teeming variety of other life such as crustaceans, anemones and snails. “These are all parts of an ecosystem that’s sustained by the octopus being there and dying in there,” Voight says.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Despite the richness of this ecosystem, it could easily have been missed by explorers, because the ocean bottom is so vast and dark, illuminated only for brief moments by the lights of slow-moving exploration vehicles.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“When you think of the deep sea, it’s kind of muddy and flat and nothing too much conspicuous around,” says Voight. “Then you stumble upon something like this and it’s like a bonanza.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad floatright]\u003c/p>\n",
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"excerpt": "Over 6,000 octopuses have been found huddling around an extinct volcano deep in the Pacific Ocean, and researchers now think they understand why the octopuses find it so cozy. ",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>Off the coast of California is an unusual “octopus garden” — the largest congregation of deep-sea octopuses ever discovered on Earth, where over 6,000 huddle around an extinct underwater volcano in the black, cold ocean depths, almost two miles below the surface.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Most are brooding females that spend their days doing nothing but guarding nests full of eggs, a tedious task which can take nearly two years. It would take even longer if not for the warm water seeping from the seafloor that speeds up the growth of their babies, according to new \u003ca href=\"http://www.science.org/doi/10.1126/sciadv.adg3247\">research\u003c/a> that suggests this natural incubator is why octopuses gather there in such huge numbers.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/news/11958992/warm-below-the-storm-worlds-largest-known-octopus-garden-discovered-off-california-coast\">The discovery\u003c/a>, published in the journal \u003cem>Science Advances\u003c/em> on Wednesday, highlights how low-key hydrothermal vents on the ocean floor can create isolated patches of cozy warmth, hidden in the darkness, that could play an outsized role in supporting deep-sea life. Thousands of such spots could be dotted up and down coastlines, researchers say.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“It’s definitely a special site for these animals. It’s a breeding site for this octopus. It has effects for the entire community nearby that then has spillover effects beyond that,” says \u003ca href=\"https://www.mbari.org/person/james-barry/\">Jim Barry\u003c/a> of the Monterey Bay Aquarium Research Institute in California, the lead researcher for this work. “So it’s regionally important and we still know very little about it. How many more of these are there?”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003ch2>A surprise in shimmering water\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>Scientists found this site about five years ago, when a submersible vehicle got sent to explore some underwater hills around Davidson Seamount, a submerged mountain off the coast of central California that once was a volcano.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>While the seamount was well-studied, the surrounding areas were not, and researchers were shocked when the vehicle’s headlamps suddenly revealed large groups of purple octopuses, \u003cem>Muusoctopus robustus\u003c/em>, that were crouched over nests of eggs.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11959038\" class=\"wp-caption alignright\" style=\"max-width: 640px\">\u003ca href=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/news/2023/08/24/why-californias-ocean-has-the-worlds-largest-octopus-garden/octopus_garden_map_labeled_1080-1024x1024/\" rel=\"attachment wp-att-11959038\">\u003cimg decoding=\"async\" loading=\"lazy\" class=\"size-large wp-image-11959038\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2023/08/Octopus_Garden_map_labeled_1080-1024x1024-1-1020x1020.jpeg\" alt=\"\" width=\"640\" height=\"640\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2023/08/Octopus_Garden_map_labeled_1080-1024x1024-1-1020x1020.jpeg 1020w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2023/08/Octopus_Garden_map_labeled_1080-1024x1024-1-800x800.jpeg 800w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2023/08/Octopus_Garden_map_labeled_1080-1024x1024-1-160x160.jpeg 160w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2023/08/Octopus_Garden_map_labeled_1080-1024x1024-1.jpeg 1024w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 640px) 100vw, 640px\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Davidson Seamount is an extinct volcano located 80 miles southwest of Monterey. The octopus garden is located 10,500 feet below the ocean’s surface on a small hill near the base of the seamount. \u003ccite>(Madeline Go/MBARI, basemap created via ArcGIS Online, sources: Esri, USGS | Esri, GEBCO, DeLorme, NaturalVue | California State Parks, Esri, HERE, Garmin, SafeGraph, FAO, METI/NASA, USGS, Bureau of Land Management, EPA, NPS)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Octopuses generally are antisocial loners that would rather fight another octopus than live in close quarters. And yet biologists had stumbled onto an enormous octopus garden, a trippy scene straight out of a Beatles song.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“They thought, ‘Well, let’s get a really close look.’ And as they zoomed into these octopus, then they saw this shimmering water and they realized this is a thermal spring, this is warm water coming out. And that was somewhat of a surprise because this is an inactive volcano,” explains Barry.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The first time scientists ever \u003ca href=\"http://www.science.org/doi/10.1126/sciadv.adg3247\">observed\u003c/a> a bunch of deep-sea octopuses gathering together was about a decade ago, in another place where warm water seeped out of the seafloor, off Costa Rica. But researchers studying that rocky outcrop didn’t see any viable eggs and thought that perhaps the higher temperatures there had harmed their development.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Just this summer, however, \u003ca href=\"https://schmidtocean.org/scientists-discover-new-deep-sea-octopus-nurseries-in-costa-rica/\">another expedition\u003c/a> revisited that outcrop and saw that it was actually an active, successful nursery.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“It really kind of blew my mind because it is so drastically different and they’re taking observations in the exact same places that we had been looking at,” says \u003ca href=\"https://ccom.unh.edu/user/ahartwell\">Anne Hartwell\u003c/a>, with the Center for Coastal & Ocean Mapping/Joint Hydrographic Center at the University of New Hampshire, who visited the Costa Rica site in 2014.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Hartwell is part of the team that recently spent months doing robotic work to study the octopus garden near California, to figure out what role warm water might play in drawing octopuses together.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“The robots we use are so advanced and they have such great technology and cameras and dexterity with their mechanical arms,” says Hartwell. “They enable us to not quite be down there in person, but get a lot done as if we were.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The researchers mapped an area the size of a few football fields in detail, installed a time-lapse camera that watched octopuses continuously, and visited individual octopus nests again and again while monitoring water temperatures with probes.\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>“We found 6,000 animals in just a small area, and that was just a portion of where the octopuses are distributed. So we’re estimating, I don’t know, up to 20,000 animals may be there,” explains Barry. He adds that the female octopuses are so focused on tending their nests that they mostly ignored the investigators.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“We can drive up to within eight inches of them and hold a camera right there. They don’t do a thing,” he says.\u003c/p>\n\u003ch2>The allure of rare warmth in the deep\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>The ocean water at this depth is normally about 35 degrees Fahrenheit, but the spa-like waters seeping out of cracks and crevices got up to about 51 degrees Fahrenheit — and that’s where the octopuses wanted to brood.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“The females only nest in warm sites. As far as we can tell, we could find none in cold waters,” says Barry. “There are plenty of nesting sites available, but they don’t nest on just any bare rock. They only choose those sites where there’s a nice warm pool. And in fact, if one female leaves, we found that another one will jump in there within a couple of weeks.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>What’s more, he says, the octopus eggs matured much more quickly than one would expect, based on what’s known about other octopuses that live in the cold ocean depths.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11959031\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 1909px\">\u003ca href=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/news/2023/08/24/why-californias-ocean-has-the-worlds-largest-octopus-garden/researchers-at-the-monterey-bay-aquarium-research-institute-studied-female-octopuses-that-nest-together-off-central-california-at-a-depth-of-about-3200-meters/\" rel=\"attachment wp-att-11959031\">\u003cimg decoding=\"async\" loading=\"lazy\" class=\"size-full wp-image-11959031\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2023/08/mbari_octopusgarden_octopus_nests_d1234_01_custom-1ab07c32e2a99aa4a9f7370a2432fc803ce9cf54.jpg\" alt=\"a collection of small octopus gathered on the sea floor\" width=\"1909\" height=\"1075\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2023/08/mbari_octopusgarden_octopus_nests_d1234_01_custom-1ab07c32e2a99aa4a9f7370a2432fc803ce9cf54.jpg 1909w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2023/08/mbari_octopusgarden_octopus_nests_d1234_01_custom-1ab07c32e2a99aa4a9f7370a2432fc803ce9cf54-800x450.jpg 800w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2023/08/mbari_octopusgarden_octopus_nests_d1234_01_custom-1ab07c32e2a99aa4a9f7370a2432fc803ce9cf54-1020x574.jpg 1020w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2023/08/mbari_octopusgarden_octopus_nests_d1234_01_custom-1ab07c32e2a99aa4a9f7370a2432fc803ce9cf54-160x90.jpg 160w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2023/08/mbari_octopusgarden_octopus_nests_d1234_01_custom-1ab07c32e2a99aa4a9f7370a2432fc803ce9cf54-1536x865.jpg 1536w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 1909px) 100vw, 1909px\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Researchers at the Monterey Bay Aquarium Research Institute studied female octopuses that nest together off Central California at a depth of about 10,500 feet. \u003ccite>(MBARI)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Brood times for nesting females there seemed to be about 1.8 years, while previous \u003ca href=\"https://www.mbari.org/news/deep-sea-octopus-broods-eggs-for-over-four-years-longer-than-any-known-animal/\">observations\u003c/a> of a deep-sea octopus in cold water showed that it took 4.5 years for its eggs to hatch, a length of time longer than any other animal.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Biologists know from prior research that warming generally speeds the pace of octopus embryo development. Barry says that having a shorter brooding period should give the offspring a greater chance of survival, since the female octopuses and their developing embryos would spend less time in an immobile, vulnerable state.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Seeing that they are getting a brooding time of 1.8 years is awesome. It shows that there’s an advantage to these octopus breeding their eggs in the warmer water,” says \u003ca href=\"https://www.bigelow.org/about/people/borcutt.html\">Beth Orcutt\u003c/a> of the Bigelow Laboratory for Ocean Sciences in Maine, who has studied the octopus populations off Costa Rica. “That’s the first time we’ve been able to look at that with this kind of data.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"https://www.fieldmuseum.org/about/staff/profile/janet-voight\">Janet Voight\u003c/a>, an expert on deep-sea octopuses at the Field Museum of Natural History in Chicago, says it’s astonishing to her that the California site has “a concentration of predators that exceeds any reasonable expectation. It’s like, whoa.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But these female octopuses have given up their predatory life to reproduce and, instead, they themselves are being eaten when they die. The octopus garden seems to support a teeming variety of other life such as crustaceans, anemones and snails. “These are all parts of an ecosystem that’s sustained by the octopus being there and dying in there,” Voight says.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Despite the richness of this ecosystem, it could easily have been missed by explorers, because the ocean bottom is so vast and dark, illuminated only for brief moments by the lights of slow-moving exploration vehicles.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“When you think of the deep sea, it’s kind of muddy and flat and nothing too much conspicuous around,” says Voight. “Then you stumble upon something like this and it’s like a bonanza.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cp>A new repayment program opened yesterday to more than 20 million student loan borrowers, with payments based on their income and family size.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The Biden administration \u003ca href=\"https://www.npr.org/2023/07/14/1187545921/student-loan-forgiveness-save-repayment\">announced the Saving on a Valuable Education (SAVE) program\u003c/a> earlier this summer, following the Supreme Court’s decision to overturn their proposed loan cancellation program.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“We refuse to go back to those days before the pandemic when nearly a million borrowers defaulted on their loans every single year because they couldn’t afford the payments,” Education Secretary Miguel Cardona said on a press call. “Starting today, borrowers can enroll in the most affordable student loan repayment plan ever available.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The SAVE program does not deliver debt forgiveness in one fell swoop, as the administration initially sought to do. But millions of borrowers — \u003ca href=\"https://www.npr.org/2023/08/08/1192703211/biden-save-plan-how-it-works\">including those with higher incomes\u003c/a> — will see some of their debt forgiven under this plan.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The program will calculate monthly payments based on the borrower’s income and family size. The administration estimates that under SAVE more than a million borrowers will qualify for $0 monthly payments, while the average borrower will save about $1,000 a year. The new plan also seeks to prevent interest from exploding.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“The nightmare of making payments and watching your loan balance get bigger and bigger will finally be over,” Cardona says.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Under the SAVE plan, as long as borrowers make their monthly payments, interest will not accumulate. With previous plans, borrowers with low or $0 payments — too low to cover their monthly interest charge — saw that interest accrue. Now, the government says, that won’t happen.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The department says that under the old plan, borrowers repaid, on average, $10,956 for every $10,000 they borrowed. Under the new plan, they would pay back just $6,121.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“This is a big new loan forgiveness policy, particularly for undergraduates,” says Jason Delisle, who studies higher education at the Urban Institute.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In a January review of the SAVE plan, Delisle and his colleagues found that, for bachelor’s degree recipients, “the share fully paying off their loans would fall from 59% under current [income-driven repayment] to 22%.”\u003c/p>\n\u003ch2>Who qualifies?\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>Borrowers with federally held loans including direct subsidized, unsubsidized and consolidated loans qualify for SAVE.[aside tag=\"education, fafsa, loan\" label=\"More Related Stories\"]Those with Federal Family Education Loans (FFEL) or Perkins Loans that are held by a commercial lender would need to consolidate that debt into a federal direct loan in order to qualify.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Parents who took out a federal loan to help their children pay for college (known as Parent PLUS loans) are not eligible for SAVE, but are eligible for other income-driven repayment plans. Borrowers can find the best plan for them at \u003ca href=\"https://studentaid.gov/\">studentaid.gov\u003c/a>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Unlike the now defunct forgiveness program, the SAVE program will benefit not only current student loan borrowers, but also future ones.\u003c/p>\n\u003ch2>How can I apply?\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>Borrowers can now apply at \u003ca href=\"https://studentaid.gov/announcements-events/save-plan\">studentaid.gov/SAVE\u003c/a>. In \u003ca href=\"https://youtu.be/VPPmMLAQsCo\">an announcement video\u003c/a>, President Biden assured borrowers that the application will take “10 minutes.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The program allows borrowers to opt in to a feature that allows the Education Department to access their tax returns from the Internal Revenue Service. This will allow the department to automatically recertify borrowers’ enrollment every year, so they don’t have to keep applying and updating.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The administration is urging borrowers to apply soon because, after three years of pause extensions, student loan payments are set to resume in October, with interest starting to accrue in September.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>A senior administration official told reporters that borrowers who apply early enough will be able to see the new plan’s savings reflected in their first payment in October.\u003c/p>\n\u003cdiv class=\"fullattribution\">\u003cem>Copyright 2023 NPR. To see more, visit https://www.npr.org.\u003cimg decoding=\"async\" src=\"https://www.google-analytics.com/__utm.gif?utmac=UA-5828686-4&utmdt=Borrowers+can+now+apply+for+new%2C+income-based+student+loan+repayment&utme=8(APIKey)9(MDAxOTAwOTE4MDEyMTkxMDAzNjczZDljZA004)\">\u003c/em>\u003c/div>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>A new repayment program opened yesterday to more than 20 million student loan borrowers, with payments based on their income and family size.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The Biden administration \u003ca href=\"https://www.npr.org/2023/07/14/1187545921/student-loan-forgiveness-save-repayment\">announced the Saving on a Valuable Education (SAVE) program\u003c/a> earlier this summer, following the Supreme Court’s decision to overturn their proposed loan cancellation program.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“We refuse to go back to those days before the pandemic when nearly a million borrowers defaulted on their loans every single year because they couldn’t afford the payments,” Education Secretary Miguel Cardona said on a press call. “Starting today, borrowers can enroll in the most affordable student loan repayment plan ever available.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The SAVE program does not deliver debt forgiveness in one fell swoop, as the administration initially sought to do. But millions of borrowers — \u003ca href=\"https://www.npr.org/2023/08/08/1192703211/biden-save-plan-how-it-works\">including those with higher incomes\u003c/a> — will see some of their debt forgiven under this plan.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The program will calculate monthly payments based on the borrower’s income and family size. The administration estimates that under SAVE more than a million borrowers will qualify for $0 monthly payments, while the average borrower will save about $1,000 a year. The new plan also seeks to prevent interest from exploding.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“The nightmare of making payments and watching your loan balance get bigger and bigger will finally be over,” Cardona says.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Under the SAVE plan, as long as borrowers make their monthly payments, interest will not accumulate. With previous plans, borrowers with low or $0 payments — too low to cover their monthly interest charge — saw that interest accrue. Now, the government says, that won’t happen.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The department says that under the old plan, borrowers repaid, on average, $10,956 for every $10,000 they borrowed. Under the new plan, they would pay back just $6,121.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“This is a big new loan forgiveness policy, particularly for undergraduates,” says Jason Delisle, who studies higher education at the Urban Institute.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In a January review of the SAVE plan, Delisle and his colleagues found that, for bachelor’s degree recipients, “the share fully paying off their loans would fall from 59% under current [income-driven repayment] to 22%.”\u003c/p>\n\u003ch2>Who qualifies?\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>Borrowers with federally held loans including direct subsidized, unsubsidized and consolidated loans qualify for SAVE.\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>Those with Federal Family Education Loans (FFEL) or Perkins Loans that are held by a commercial lender would need to consolidate that debt into a federal direct loan in order to qualify.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Parents who took out a federal loan to help their children pay for college (known as Parent PLUS loans) are not eligible for SAVE, but are eligible for other income-driven repayment plans. Borrowers can find the best plan for them at \u003ca href=\"https://studentaid.gov/\">studentaid.gov\u003c/a>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Unlike the now defunct forgiveness program, the SAVE program will benefit not only current student loan borrowers, but also future ones.\u003c/p>\n\u003ch2>How can I apply?\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>Borrowers can now apply at \u003ca href=\"https://studentaid.gov/announcements-events/save-plan\">studentaid.gov/SAVE\u003c/a>. In \u003ca href=\"https://youtu.be/VPPmMLAQsCo\">an announcement video\u003c/a>, President Biden assured borrowers that the application will take “10 minutes.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The program allows borrowers to opt in to a feature that allows the Education Department to access their tax returns from the Internal Revenue Service. This will allow the department to automatically recertify borrowers’ enrollment every year, so they don’t have to keep applying and updating.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The administration is urging borrowers to apply soon because, after three years of pause extensions, student loan payments are set to resume in October, with interest starting to accrue in September.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>A senior administration official told reporters that borrowers who apply early enough will be able to see the new plan’s savings reflected in their first payment in October.\u003c/p>\n\u003cdiv class=\"fullattribution\">\u003cem>Copyright 2023 NPR. To see more, visit https://www.npr.org.\u003cimg decoding=\"async\" src=\"https://www.google-analytics.com/__utm.gif?utmac=UA-5828686-4&utmdt=Borrowers+can+now+apply+for+new%2C+income-based+student+loan+repayment&utme=8(APIKey)9(MDAxOTAwOTE4MDEyMTkxMDAzNjczZDljZA004)\">\u003c/em>\u003c/div>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>",
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"content": "\u003cp>A federal appeals court ruled Wednesday that mifepristone, one of two pills used in medication abortions, should not be prescribed past seven weeks of pregnancy or via telemedicine. However, a previous stay by the Supreme Court means this won’t go into effect right away.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The pills will remain on the market and available by telemedicine and mail for the time being.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In a \u003ca href=\"https://adfmedialegalfiles.blob.core.windows.net/files/AHM-5thCircuitRuling.pdf\">93-page ruling (PDF)\u003c/a>, the 5\u003csup>th\u003c/sup> Circuit Court of Appeals in New Orleans sided with \u003ca href=\"https://adfmedia.org/case/alliance-hippocratic-medicine-v-us-food-and-drug-administration\">plaintiffs\u003c/a> that want to restrict use of mifepristone, a pill used in medication abortions.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The Alliance Defending Freedom, which brought the case, cheered the opinion.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“This is a significant victory for the doctors and medical associations we represent and, more importantly, the health and safety of women,” says Erin Hawley, the senior counsel with the Alliance Defending Freedom.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The federal Department of Justice is defending the Food and Drug Administration in the case. A spokesperson for DOJ said the department strongly disagrees with the ruling and is looking for the Supreme Court to review it.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Mary Ziegler, a professor of law at the University of California, Davis who has written books about the history of abortion, said she was not surprised by the decision. “My impression is that this is the Fifth Circuit trying to resurrect what had been a pretty flawed case in the hope that this Supreme Court is conservative enough that there’s no case too weak or extreme, really, for this court on abortion,” says Ziegler.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The Supreme Court is likely to hear the case in the fall, possibly with another \u003ca href=\"https://www.npr.org/2023/02/25/1159565357/washington-state-attorney-general-says-fda-rules-on-abortion-drug-are-unreasonab\">case from Washington state\u003c/a> that seeks to expand access to the medicine.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The case is an unprecedented challenge to the authority of the Food and Drug Administration to approve medications.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>A three judge panel of the 5\u003csup>th\u003c/sup> Circuit heard arguments in the case in May. All three judges were appointed by Republicans. Two are Trump appointees, one was appointed by George W. Bush.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Mifepristone and misoprostol, the two-drug regimen, is used in about 50% of abortions now. Since its approval by the FDA in 2000, the drug has been used for abortions by more than 5 million women in the U.S. A \u003ca href=\"https://www.kff.org/womens-health-policy/fact-sheet/the-availability-and-use-of-medication-abortion/\">study from KFF, an independent health policy organization\u003c/a>, determined that medication abortion successfully terminates pregnancy 99.6% of the time. The foundation found a 0.4% risk of major complications and a mortality rate of less than 0.001%.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The crux of the plaintiffs’ case concerns those rare complications. Attorney Hawley, who is married to Sen. Josh Hawley, the Republican from Missouri, argued that physicians who oppose abortion would be facing a moral injury if they had to care for a woman after a complication after taking mifepristone.\u003c/p>\n\u003cdiv class=\"fullattribution\">Copyright 2023 NPR. To see more, visit https://www.npr.org.\u003cimg decoding=\"async\" src=\"https://www.google-analytics.com/__utm.gif?utmac=UA-5828686-4&utmdt=Ruling+deals+blow+to+access+to+abortion+pill+mifepristone+%E2%80%94+but+nothing+changes+yet&utme=8(APIKey)9(MDAxOTAwOTE4MDEyMTkxMDAzNjczZDljZA004)\">\u003c/div>\n\n",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>A federal appeals court ruled Wednesday that mifepristone, one of two pills used in medication abortions, should not be prescribed past seven weeks of pregnancy or via telemedicine. However, a previous stay by the Supreme Court means this won’t go into effect right away.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The pills will remain on the market and available by telemedicine and mail for the time being.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In a \u003ca href=\"https://adfmedialegalfiles.blob.core.windows.net/files/AHM-5thCircuitRuling.pdf\">93-page ruling (PDF)\u003c/a>, the 5\u003csup>th\u003c/sup> Circuit Court of Appeals in New Orleans sided with \u003ca href=\"https://adfmedia.org/case/alliance-hippocratic-medicine-v-us-food-and-drug-administration\">plaintiffs\u003c/a> that want to restrict use of mifepristone, a pill used in medication abortions.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The Alliance Defending Freedom, which brought the case, cheered the opinion.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“This is a significant victory for the doctors and medical associations we represent and, more importantly, the health and safety of women,” says Erin Hawley, the senior counsel with the Alliance Defending Freedom.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The federal Department of Justice is defending the Food and Drug Administration in the case. A spokesperson for DOJ said the department strongly disagrees with the ruling and is looking for the Supreme Court to review it.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Mary Ziegler, a professor of law at the University of California, Davis who has written books about the history of abortion, said she was not surprised by the decision. “My impression is that this is the Fifth Circuit trying to resurrect what had been a pretty flawed case in the hope that this Supreme Court is conservative enough that there’s no case too weak or extreme, really, for this court on abortion,” says Ziegler.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The Supreme Court is likely to hear the case in the fall, possibly with another \u003ca href=\"https://www.npr.org/2023/02/25/1159565357/washington-state-attorney-general-says-fda-rules-on-abortion-drug-are-unreasonab\">case from Washington state\u003c/a> that seeks to expand access to the medicine.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The case is an unprecedented challenge to the authority of the Food and Drug Administration to approve medications.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>A three judge panel of the 5\u003csup>th\u003c/sup> Circuit heard arguments in the case in May. All three judges were appointed by Republicans. Two are Trump appointees, one was appointed by George W. Bush.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Mifepristone and misoprostol, the two-drug regimen, is used in about 50% of abortions now. Since its approval by the FDA in 2000, the drug has been used for abortions by more than 5 million women in the U.S. A \u003ca href=\"https://www.kff.org/womens-health-policy/fact-sheet/the-availability-and-use-of-medication-abortion/\">study from KFF, an independent health policy organization\u003c/a>, determined that medication abortion successfully terminates pregnancy 99.6% of the time. The foundation found a 0.4% risk of major complications and a mortality rate of less than 0.001%.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The crux of the plaintiffs’ case concerns those rare complications. Attorney Hawley, who is married to Sen. Josh Hawley, the Republican from Missouri, argued that physicians who oppose abortion would be facing a moral injury if they had to care for a woman after a complication after taking mifepristone.\u003c/p>\n\u003cdiv class=\"fullattribution\">Copyright 2023 NPR. To see more, visit https://www.npr.org.\u003cimg decoding=\"async\" src=\"https://www.google-analytics.com/__utm.gif?utmac=UA-5828686-4&utmdt=Ruling+deals+blow+to+access+to+abortion+pill+mifepristone+%E2%80%94+but+nothing+changes+yet&utme=8(APIKey)9(MDAxOTAwOTE4MDEyMTkxMDAzNjczZDljZA004)\">\u003c/div>\n\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>",
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"content": "\u003cp>When deadly heat hit the Pacific Northwest two years ago, hundreds of people died, including several residents of public housing in Portland. That’s where Beth Vansmith lives. She has heart disease, a condition that puts her at higher risk for heat illness, and she remembers how awful she felt with no air conditioner and temperatures soaring up to 116.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“I would get dizzy. I would get nauseous. You know, I’d lose my appetite completely, and it was just so miserably hot,” she says.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Vansmith borrowed an “itty bitty” portable air conditioner from her sister, which was still a huge relief and at least allowed her to sleep. “I was sitting like this most of the time next to it,” she says during an interview in her one-bedroom apartment, “because it really only cooled like, right here.”[pullquote size=\"medium\" align=\"right\" citation=\"Vivek Shandas, researcher, Portland State University\"]‘A lot of people go through heat waves, particularly in public housing, without recognizing that this is a potentially lethal climate induced event that’s about to hit them.’[/pullquote]As heat waves get worse, air conditioning has come to feel like a must-have even in parts of the U.S. that historically haven’t needed it. Those who live in public housing are especially \u003ca href=\"https://nlihc.org/sites/default/files/Heat_Vulnerability_2020.pdf\">vulnerable (PDF)\u003c/a> to the heat — they’re not just low-income, but also disproportionately older, people of color, chronically ill and often living in hotter neighborhoods that lack shade from tree cover. And yet even as extreme heat becomes more common, it remains a struggle for many tenants to get AC.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Much public housing is decades old, built before central air was widely available, and it would be incredibly expensive to add it now. Many tenants get an allowance for utilities that includes heat, but \u003ca href=\"https://www.greenandhealthyhomes.org/wp-content/uploads/Air-Conditioning-Heat-Vulnerability-and-Racial-Equity.pdf\">federal rules (PDF) \u003c/a>actually specify that it not cover air conditioning. Residents are allowed to get their own AC units, but Deborah Thrope, of the National Housing Law Project, says most must pay for it and the monthly bills themselves.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“That’s when we start seeing families paying well above 30% of their income in rent, which makes these programs less affordable.” she says.\u003c/p>\n\u003ch2>A proposal to mandate AC in Texas public housing faced pushback this year\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>Texas state Rep. Diego Bernal remembers the moment he learned about this problem a few years ago.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>He was chatting with a woman who lived in public housing in San Antonio, and she mentioned how brutal the heat was with no AC. He assumed hers was simply broken and offered to send someone to fix it. No, she explained, she was among some 2,400 public housing residents there who had no air conditioner and could not afford to get one.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“It blew my mind, and I was embarrassed,” Bernal says. “Not only do I represent the area, but it also is across the street from my middle school. I mean, I knew all kinds of kids who came from there.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Bernal, a Democrat, set out to fix this. The City of San Antonio put up money and helped find other funding to \u003ca href=\"https://sanantonioreport.org/workers-installing-air-conditioning-bring-comfort-to-public-housing-residents/\">get AC units\u003c/a> for all public housing residents. In the process, the Department of Housing and Urban Development rejected the use of a federal grant because the window air conditioners were deemed a temporary upgrade, not permanent.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>For the past two years, Bernal proposed bills to mandate or at least encourage air conditioning in federally subsidized housing across Texas. Both failed after affordable housing providers pushed back hard, saying they had no money to make it happen.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Bernal says he understands the public housing system is “wildly underfunded.” HUD has an astounding \u003ca href=\"https://publicintegrity.org/inside-publici/newsletters/watchdog-newsletter/us-ignored-public-housing/\">$80 billion\u003c/a> construction backlog, and many of its buildings are in disrepair. Still, “it is unsafe and inhumane to expect people to live in Texas, especially central and south Texas, without air conditioning,” Bernal says. “So figure it out.”\u003c/p>\n\u003ch2>Federal regulations restrict spending on individual air conditioners in public housing\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>HUD recently updated its safety inspection \u003ca href=\"https://www.hud.gov/sites/dfiles/PIH/documents/NSPIRE-Standard-HVAC_20230620.pdf\">standards (PDF)\u003c/a> which, for the first time, include a temperature threshold to make sure apartments are warm enough during winter. The National Housing Law Project and others urged it to also include a cooling standard during summer months, but the agency did not.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>HUD declined an interview request but says it is “exploring options” for a cooling requirement. It also recently clarified to local housing agencies that they \u003cem>are\u003c/em> allowed to spend federal money for air conditioning, though only to set up cooling centers in common areas, not for units in individual apartments.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In a statement to NPR, the agency said, “HUD regulations require that the cost of air conditioning for resident units be paid by the residents, except in the case that elderly or disabled households necessitate it as a reasonable accommodation.” In buildings where a local housing agency pays utility expenses, “families must be charged a surcharge or otherwise pay for … air conditioning.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The public housing agency in New York City cites those federal guidelines, as well as its “current financial hardships,” as the reason for a newly announced air-conditioning fee.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>When COVID hit, then-Mayor Bill de Blasio used emergency pandemic aid to distribute free ACs to low-income households, including 16,000 in public housing. But with that aid running out, the housing agency says starting in October, tenants must pay $8 a month or give back their AC units.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“I told them they can take it,” says 73-year-old Manhattan resident Vera Naseva. She says even that little extra would force her to cut back on food. Plus, her AC is noisy and doesn’t fit well in her window, a big problem whenever it rains. “It’s leaking and the floor gets wet,” she says. “It’s not real good.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Still, she hopes the agency changes its mind on the fee, because these days “everybody needs air conditioning.”\u003c/p>\n\u003ch2>Research finds air conditioners alone are not the solution\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>To help better prepare for more extreme events, Portland studied indoor heat in three public housing buildings last summer. Vivek Shandas of Portland State University helped lead it, and says so much research is based on outdoor temperatures from “machines that are flying around the planet.” But of course when temperature spike, people go inside.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Some of \u003ca href=\"https://www.portland.gov/pbem/news/2023/4/24/city-county-housing-providers-and-residents-partner-improve-indoor-heat-safety\">the findings\u003c/a> were surprising. It turned out many apartments with AC didn’t cool down as much as expected. Residents also found them too noisy and turned them off, especially at night. Others say they just prefer to do without.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“I’m comfortable, I’m cool, I’ve got the fan,” says Chris Harris, who lives in one of the buildings in the study. She says her sun-blocking drapes are a “godsend” and that “the only time I see sunlight in my apartment … is when one of the cats gets in the windowsill.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Harris is not wrong. The study found that using things like that, as well as evaporative coolers or awnings over a window, made a big difference.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Their units were remarkably cool throughout the day and the night. And in fact those were the units that were consistently as cool as those that had the mechanical air conditioning systems,” Shandas says.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Still, some apartments reached 90 degrees or more and stayed hot for hours after the outdoor temperature had cooled off. Residents’ ability to tolerate such heat varied widely. When researchers sent phone alerts to warn people their place had reached a possibly dangerous level, some actually found it annoying and turned off the alert.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“A lot of people go through heat waves, particularly in public housing, without recognizing that this is a potentially lethal climate induced event that’s about to hit them,” Shandas says.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The study made clear that residents need more education about heat safety, says Ian Davie, chief operating officer of Home Forward, which manages the public housing buildings in Portland. The agency is holding classes that include “tips for staying cool, how to identify heat related illnesses and then, in a more acute context, what to do if someone is feeling ill, including calling 911,” he says.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Despite a tight budget, last year Davie did also allocate a million dollars for air conditioners. That’s helped Vansmith, the woman who sat next to her tiny borrowed air conditioner in 2021. (The heat study found that even with it turned on full blast, the temperature in her apartment was 86.) Now she says she has a much better unit that keeps the entire place cool.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Home Forward is also getting energy efficient heat pumps — which both heat and cool — from Portland’s clean energy fund. Davie says he started early and created a stockpile and built an entire safety team. When the temperature spikes and requests for AC pour in, he says he’ll be ready.\u003c/p>\n\u003cdiv class=\"fullattribution\">Copyright 2023 NPR. To see more, visit https://www.npr.org.\u003cimg decoding=\"async\" src=\"https://www.google-analytics.com/__utm.gif?utmac=UA-5828686-4&utmdt=Withering+heat+is+more+common%2C+but+getting+AC+is+still+a+struggle+in+public+housing&utme=8(APIKey)9(MDAxOTAwOTE4MDEyMTkxMDAzNjczZDljZA004)\">\u003c/div>\n\u003cp>[ad floatright]\u003c/p>\n",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>When deadly heat hit the Pacific Northwest two years ago, hundreds of people died, including several residents of public housing in Portland. That’s where Beth Vansmith lives. She has heart disease, a condition that puts her at higher risk for heat illness, and she remembers how awful she felt with no air conditioner and temperatures soaring up to 116.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“I would get dizzy. I would get nauseous. You know, I’d lose my appetite completely, and it was just so miserably hot,” she says.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Vansmith borrowed an “itty bitty” portable air conditioner from her sister, which was still a huge relief and at least allowed her to sleep. “I was sitting like this most of the time next to it,” she says during an interview in her one-bedroom apartment, “because it really only cooled like, right here.”\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>As heat waves get worse, air conditioning has come to feel like a must-have even in parts of the U.S. that historically haven’t needed it. Those who live in public housing are especially \u003ca href=\"https://nlihc.org/sites/default/files/Heat_Vulnerability_2020.pdf\">vulnerable (PDF)\u003c/a> to the heat — they’re not just low-income, but also disproportionately older, people of color, chronically ill and often living in hotter neighborhoods that lack shade from tree cover. And yet even as extreme heat becomes more common, it remains a struggle for many tenants to get AC.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Much public housing is decades old, built before central air was widely available, and it would be incredibly expensive to add it now. Many tenants get an allowance for utilities that includes heat, but \u003ca href=\"https://www.greenandhealthyhomes.org/wp-content/uploads/Air-Conditioning-Heat-Vulnerability-and-Racial-Equity.pdf\">federal rules (PDF) \u003c/a>actually specify that it not cover air conditioning. Residents are allowed to get their own AC units, but Deborah Thrope, of the National Housing Law Project, says most must pay for it and the monthly bills themselves.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“That’s when we start seeing families paying well above 30% of their income in rent, which makes these programs less affordable.” she says.\u003c/p>\n\u003ch2>A proposal to mandate AC in Texas public housing faced pushback this year\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>Texas state Rep. Diego Bernal remembers the moment he learned about this problem a few years ago.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>He was chatting with a woman who lived in public housing in San Antonio, and she mentioned how brutal the heat was with no AC. He assumed hers was simply broken and offered to send someone to fix it. No, she explained, she was among some 2,400 public housing residents there who had no air conditioner and could not afford to get one.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“It blew my mind, and I was embarrassed,” Bernal says. “Not only do I represent the area, but it also is across the street from my middle school. I mean, I knew all kinds of kids who came from there.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Bernal, a Democrat, set out to fix this. The City of San Antonio put up money and helped find other funding to \u003ca href=\"https://sanantonioreport.org/workers-installing-air-conditioning-bring-comfort-to-public-housing-residents/\">get AC units\u003c/a> for all public housing residents. In the process, the Department of Housing and Urban Development rejected the use of a federal grant because the window air conditioners were deemed a temporary upgrade, not permanent.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>For the past two years, Bernal proposed bills to mandate or at least encourage air conditioning in federally subsidized housing across Texas. Both failed after affordable housing providers pushed back hard, saying they had no money to make it happen.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Bernal says he understands the public housing system is “wildly underfunded.” HUD has an astounding \u003ca href=\"https://publicintegrity.org/inside-publici/newsletters/watchdog-newsletter/us-ignored-public-housing/\">$80 billion\u003c/a> construction backlog, and many of its buildings are in disrepair. Still, “it is unsafe and inhumane to expect people to live in Texas, especially central and south Texas, without air conditioning,” Bernal says. “So figure it out.”\u003c/p>\n\u003ch2>Federal regulations restrict spending on individual air conditioners in public housing\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>HUD recently updated its safety inspection \u003ca href=\"https://www.hud.gov/sites/dfiles/PIH/documents/NSPIRE-Standard-HVAC_20230620.pdf\">standards (PDF)\u003c/a> which, for the first time, include a temperature threshold to make sure apartments are warm enough during winter. The National Housing Law Project and others urged it to also include a cooling standard during summer months, but the agency did not.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>HUD declined an interview request but says it is “exploring options” for a cooling requirement. It also recently clarified to local housing agencies that they \u003cem>are\u003c/em> allowed to spend federal money for air conditioning, though only to set up cooling centers in common areas, not for units in individual apartments.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In a statement to NPR, the agency said, “HUD regulations require that the cost of air conditioning for resident units be paid by the residents, except in the case that elderly or disabled households necessitate it as a reasonable accommodation.” In buildings where a local housing agency pays utility expenses, “families must be charged a surcharge or otherwise pay for … air conditioning.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The public housing agency in New York City cites those federal guidelines, as well as its “current financial hardships,” as the reason for a newly announced air-conditioning fee.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>When COVID hit, then-Mayor Bill de Blasio used emergency pandemic aid to distribute free ACs to low-income households, including 16,000 in public housing. But with that aid running out, the housing agency says starting in October, tenants must pay $8 a month or give back their AC units.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“I told them they can take it,” says 73-year-old Manhattan resident Vera Naseva. She says even that little extra would force her to cut back on food. Plus, her AC is noisy and doesn’t fit well in her window, a big problem whenever it rains. “It’s leaking and the floor gets wet,” she says. “It’s not real good.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Still, she hopes the agency changes its mind on the fee, because these days “everybody needs air conditioning.”\u003c/p>\n\u003ch2>Research finds air conditioners alone are not the solution\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>To help better prepare for more extreme events, Portland studied indoor heat in three public housing buildings last summer. Vivek Shandas of Portland State University helped lead it, and says so much research is based on outdoor temperatures from “machines that are flying around the planet.” But of course when temperature spike, people go inside.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Some of \u003ca href=\"https://www.portland.gov/pbem/news/2023/4/24/city-county-housing-providers-and-residents-partner-improve-indoor-heat-safety\">the findings\u003c/a> were surprising. It turned out many apartments with AC didn’t cool down as much as expected. Residents also found them too noisy and turned them off, especially at night. Others say they just prefer to do without.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“I’m comfortable, I’m cool, I’ve got the fan,” says Chris Harris, who lives in one of the buildings in the study. She says her sun-blocking drapes are a “godsend” and that “the only time I see sunlight in my apartment … is when one of the cats gets in the windowsill.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Harris is not wrong. The study found that using things like that, as well as evaporative coolers or awnings over a window, made a big difference.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Their units were remarkably cool throughout the day and the night. And in fact those were the units that were consistently as cool as those that had the mechanical air conditioning systems,” Shandas says.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Still, some apartments reached 90 degrees or more and stayed hot for hours after the outdoor temperature had cooled off. Residents’ ability to tolerate such heat varied widely. When researchers sent phone alerts to warn people their place had reached a possibly dangerous level, some actually found it annoying and turned off the alert.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“A lot of people go through heat waves, particularly in public housing, without recognizing that this is a potentially lethal climate induced event that’s about to hit them,” Shandas says.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The study made clear that residents need more education about heat safety, says Ian Davie, chief operating officer of Home Forward, which manages the public housing buildings in Portland. The agency is holding classes that include “tips for staying cool, how to identify heat related illnesses and then, in a more acute context, what to do if someone is feeling ill, including calling 911,” he says.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Despite a tight budget, last year Davie did also allocate a million dollars for air conditioners. That’s helped Vansmith, the woman who sat next to her tiny borrowed air conditioner in 2021. (The heat study found that even with it turned on full blast, the temperature in her apartment was 86.) Now she says she has a much better unit that keeps the entire place cool.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Home Forward is also getting energy efficient heat pumps — which both heat and cool — from Portland’s clean energy fund. Davie says he started early and created a stockpile and built an entire safety team. When the temperature spikes and requests for AC pour in, he says he’ll be ready.\u003c/p>\n\u003cdiv class=\"fullattribution\">Copyright 2023 NPR. To see more, visit https://www.npr.org.\u003cimg decoding=\"async\" src=\"https://www.google-analytics.com/__utm.gif?utmac=UA-5828686-4&utmdt=Withering+heat+is+more+common%2C+but+getting+AC+is+still+a+struggle+in+public+housing&utme=8(APIKey)9(MDAxOTAwOTE4MDEyMTkxMDAzNjczZDljZA004)\">\u003c/div>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cp>Renters headed about \u003ca href=\"https://www.pewresearch.org/short-reads/2021/08/02/as-national-eviction-ban-expires-a-look-at-who-rents-and-who-owns-in-the-u-s/\">36% of the nation’s 122.8 million households in 2019\u003c/a>. If you’re one of them, whether you’re renting a single-family house in a small town or a studio apartment in an urban 300-unit high-rise, you might feel like you’re at a disadvantage.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“In general in our country, we’re very oriented toward property ownership,” says \u003ca href=\"https://www.pdx.edu/profile/lisa-bates\">Lisa Bates\u003c/a>, a professor at the Toulan School of Urban Studies and Planning at Portland State University in Oregon. “Renters face an uphill battle in policy and in law because they’re always considered subordinate in terms of their rights in the space.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But not owning your home shouldn’t mean you experience unstable living conditions, she says.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“No tenant is alone,” says Nina Rosenblatt, the know your rights training coordinator for the California-based tenants’ rights coalition, Tenants Together. “All tenants in all states have some extent of rights.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>This is true regardless of disability, family status, immigration status or age but regulations and resources vary depending on which state — \u003ca href=\"https://www.huduser.gov/portal/datasets/fmr/smallarea/index.html\">and even zip code\u003c/a> — you live in, so it’s important to understand your specific rights.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>To start, here are some tips to help you become a more empowered renter regardless of where you live:\u003c/p>\n\u003ch2>Learn to read your lease agreement\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>There is \u003ca href=\"https://www.nolo.com/legal-encyclopedia/free-books/renters-rights-book/chapter2-4.html\">no standard rental agreement\u003c/a>. So it’s critical to look at the unique contours of your lease and note any additions or omissions that might affect your standard of living or that might be outside local laws.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Look closely at any fees on top of monthly rent. If there’s a late rent fee, Rosenblatt says that number should be \u003ca href=\"https://www.nolo.com/legal-encyclopedia/free-books/renters-rights-book/chapter3-6.html\">no more than about 5% of your monthly rent\u003c/a>. And if a lease doesn’t specifically list a fee, know your landlord can’t tack on an arbitrary fee after the lease has been signed.\u003c/p>\n\u003cul>\n\u003cli>\u003cstrong>\u003ca href=\"#tellus\">Tell us: What else do you need information about right now?\u003c/a>\u003c/strong>\u003c/li>\n\u003c/ul>\n\u003cp>Rosenblatt says she’s also seen things like expensive application fees and move-in fees charged to new tenants for things like fresh paint, key fobs or the use of a freight elevator. So make sure any additional costs seem reasonable and affordable to you. If you feel something might be off, try and look at other local rental applications and lease agreements, or ask friends and family about their experiences renting in the area.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Also, look out for vague timelines and overly broad language. “Most states have a law which specifies that the landlord is responsible for making any appropriate and necessary repairs,” says Rosenblatt. So watch out for phrases like “the tenant is responsible for all damages and repairs” or “this lease can be amended at any time during the year of tenancy.” Phrases like these could be a landlord’s attempt to transfer responsibility to a tenant unfairly.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>If you realize after signing your lease that some language or a clause seems fishy, \u003ca href=\"https://law.shu.edu/faculty/full-time/paula-franzese.cfm\">Paula Franzese\u003c/a>, legal scholar and professor of property law at the Seton Hall University School of Law, says fear not. Any clause deemed “unconscionable” or “oppressive” would be unenforceable if you sought legal action.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003ch2>Keep your receipts\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>When it comes to a healthy relationship with your landlord, thorough documentation and ongoing communication are key — starting as soon as you move into a new place.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Rosenblatt says, “Keep in mind the conditions of the unit and have documentation of what it looks like, especially in its initial condition.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Off-kilter ceiling fan, missing blinds or stains on the carpet?\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[aside label='More Guides from KQED' tag='audience-news']Take a picture or video, says Rosenblatt. Don’t get your deposit dinged for issues that came before you. Make sure to send documentation to the landlord with a date and timestamp included.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Opt for email or text messages when contacting your landlord. “It is really important that all communication is written,” says Rosenblatt. If you talk over the phone, make sure there are “follow-up emails summarizing what was spoken about.” She says to include a timeline in the email of when a repair will be fixed by, for example, so there’s documentation of that agreement.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>And if you have a persistent problem and receive inconsistent communication from your landlord — document that, too. “It’s important to keep records of the number of phone calls made,” says Franzese.\u003c/p>\n\u003ch2>Learn some powerful words to resolve conflicts with landlords\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>Oftentimes, says Lisa Bates, the key to quickly resolving a rental dispute requires knowing what she calls “magic words” — phrases, often legal, that signal to a landlord you’re aware of your rights and can exercise them if needed.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>For example: if your landlord is unresponsive to a repair request for something like mold or pests, the magic words might be city inspection or code enforcement.[aside postID=\"news_11938251\" hero=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2023/01/RS62026_GettyImages-1455813510-qut-1536x1024.jpg\"]Rosenblatt says you could try saying something like: “I want to work collaboratively with you on finding a solution. But if not, I’d like to request a city inspection, or I plan on going to code enforcement and getting them to come in and check out these conditions.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>This sort of language will often encourage landlords to take action because going through a city or county can be more time intensive and costly than just addressing the issue themselves, says Rosenblatt.\u003c/p>\n\u003ch2>If you have a problem, don’t go it alone\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>Get to know your neighbors. Our experts say seeking out community and working towards joint solutions is a critical tool for renters who want to make a difference in their housing situation.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Especially if you live in a building with a lot of other units — the problems you’re dealing with likely affect more than just you. “If you have roaches, somebody else has roaches,” says Bates.[pullquote align=\"right\" size=\"medium\" citation=\"Nina Rosenblatt, Tenants Together\"]‘It’s really important to not make decisions based on fear or panic … instead, [make] decisions based on tenant’s rights knowledge.’[/pullquote]Connecting with fellow tenants can give you context for your issues, help you prepare if something like a rent increase is coming down the pipeline and give you strength in numbers when requesting action from a property owner.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Then, if your building doesn’t already have one, \u003ca href=\"https://www.tenantstogether.org/resources/form-tenants-union\">find or form a local tenant union\u003c/a>. These organizations can provide writing templates, legal advice and other collective action options to help with difficult landlords.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>And what’s more, they can help you act from a place of empowerment instead of intimidation. “It’s really important to not make decisions based on fear or panic,” says Rosenblatt. “Instead, [make] decisions based on tenant’s rights knowledge.”\u003c/p>\n\u003ch2>\u003ca id=\"tellus\">\u003c/a>Tell us: What else do you need information about?\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>At KQED News, we know that it can sometimes be hard to track down the answers to navigate life in the Bay Area in 2023. We’ve published \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/news/tag/coronavirus-resources-and-explainers\">clear, practical explainers and guides about COVID\u003c/a>, \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/news/11936674/how-to-prepare-for-this-weeks-atmospheric-river-storm-sandbags-emergency-kits-and-more\">how to cope with intense winter weather\u003c/a> and \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/news/11821950/how-to-safely-attend-a-protest-in-the-bay-area\">how to exercise your right to protest safely\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>So tell us: What do you need to know more about? Tell us, and you could see your question answered online or on social media. What you submit will make our reporting stronger, and help us decide what to cover here on our site, and on KQED Public Radio, too.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[hearken id=\"10483\" src=\"https://modules.wearehearken.com/kqed/embed/10483.js\"]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad floatright]\u003c/p>\n",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>Renters headed about \u003ca href=\"https://www.pewresearch.org/short-reads/2021/08/02/as-national-eviction-ban-expires-a-look-at-who-rents-and-who-owns-in-the-u-s/\">36% of the nation’s 122.8 million households in 2019\u003c/a>. If you’re one of them, whether you’re renting a single-family house in a small town or a studio apartment in an urban 300-unit high-rise, you might feel like you’re at a disadvantage.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“In general in our country, we’re very oriented toward property ownership,” says \u003ca href=\"https://www.pdx.edu/profile/lisa-bates\">Lisa Bates\u003c/a>, a professor at the Toulan School of Urban Studies and Planning at Portland State University in Oregon. “Renters face an uphill battle in policy and in law because they’re always considered subordinate in terms of their rights in the space.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But not owning your home shouldn’t mean you experience unstable living conditions, she says.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“No tenant is alone,” says Nina Rosenblatt, the know your rights training coordinator for the California-based tenants’ rights coalition, Tenants Together. “All tenants in all states have some extent of rights.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>This is true regardless of disability, family status, immigration status or age but regulations and resources vary depending on which state — \u003ca href=\"https://www.huduser.gov/portal/datasets/fmr/smallarea/index.html\">and even zip code\u003c/a> — you live in, so it’s important to understand your specific rights.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>To start, here are some tips to help you become a more empowered renter regardless of where you live:\u003c/p>\n\u003ch2>Learn to read your lease agreement\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>There is \u003ca href=\"https://www.nolo.com/legal-encyclopedia/free-books/renters-rights-book/chapter2-4.html\">no standard rental agreement\u003c/a>. So it’s critical to look at the unique contours of your lease and note any additions or omissions that might affect your standard of living or that might be outside local laws.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Look closely at any fees on top of monthly rent. If there’s a late rent fee, Rosenblatt says that number should be \u003ca href=\"https://www.nolo.com/legal-encyclopedia/free-books/renters-rights-book/chapter3-6.html\">no more than about 5% of your monthly rent\u003c/a>. And if a lease doesn’t specifically list a fee, know your landlord can’t tack on an arbitrary fee after the lease has been signed.\u003c/p>\n\u003cul>\n\u003cli>\u003cstrong>\u003ca href=\"#tellus\">Tell us: What else do you need information about right now?\u003c/a>\u003c/strong>\u003c/li>\n\u003c/ul>\n\u003cp>Rosenblatt says she’s also seen things like expensive application fees and move-in fees charged to new tenants for things like fresh paint, key fobs or the use of a freight elevator. So make sure any additional costs seem reasonable and affordable to you. If you feel something might be off, try and look at other local rental applications and lease agreements, or ask friends and family about their experiences renting in the area.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Also, look out for vague timelines and overly broad language. “Most states have a law which specifies that the landlord is responsible for making any appropriate and necessary repairs,” says Rosenblatt. So watch out for phrases like “the tenant is responsible for all damages and repairs” or “this lease can be amended at any time during the year of tenancy.” Phrases like these could be a landlord’s attempt to transfer responsibility to a tenant unfairly.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>If you realize after signing your lease that some language or a clause seems fishy, \u003ca href=\"https://law.shu.edu/faculty/full-time/paula-franzese.cfm\">Paula Franzese\u003c/a>, legal scholar and professor of property law at the Seton Hall University School of Law, says fear not. Any clause deemed “unconscionable” or “oppressive” would be unenforceable if you sought legal action.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cp>Black Twitter has been a force since the platform started, creating a space for everything from discussing daily life to helping launch and spotlight movements like #BlackLivesMatter and #OscarsSoWhite.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Now, one woman is seeking to archive it, as Twitter’s future appears uncertain.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Who is she?\u003c/strong> Meredith Clark is an associate professor of communications and journalism at Northeastern University. She is launching the \u003ca href=\"https://www.meredithdclark.com/archivingblacktwitter\">Archiving Black Twitter project\u003c/a> as part of the \u003ca href=\"https://archivingtheblackweb.org/\">Archiving the Black Web initiative\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cul>\n\u003cli>Clark’s research focuses on “the intersections of race, media, and power in digital, social, and news media,” \u003ca href=\"https://camd.northeastern.edu/faculty/meredith-clark/\">according to her university bio\u003c/a>, and she has also spent years working as an editor, editorial writer and columnist.\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>She says the term Black Twitter has many definitions, and hers is: “A network of culturally linked communicators who are using the platform to talk about issues of concern to Black life and in Black life.”[aside label='More on Black Twitter' link1='https://www.npr.org/2022/12/12/1142283827/what-we-lose-if-black-twitter-disappears,What We Lose If Black Twitter Disappears']\u003cstrong>What’s the big deal?\u003c/strong> Clark says preserving Black Twitter will allow for a more accurate and complex retelling of the history of the internet. But it’s not a simple task.\u003c/li>\n\u003c/ul>\n\u003cul>\n\u003cli>Clark says it’s impossible to collect — or even distill — the whole of Black Twitter. So instead there will be a collection of what are called “small histories.”\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>They are “parts and pieces of what has happened in this place and time, but they are not the end-all-be-all of Black Twitter,” Clark told NPR, adding that it’s a delicate balance.\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>NPR’s \u003ca href=\"https://www.npr.org/2023/05/24/1178070208/twitter-glitches-mar-ron-desantis-debut-as-presidential-candidate\">Dara Kerr and Bobby Allyn report\u003c/a> that since Elon Musk acquired Twitter in October, the company’s staff has been whittled down to about 10% of what it was before, following mass layoffs and others quitting. “Outages have become far more common [and] overall system bugginess has also become the norm for many users,” they report.\u003c/li>\n\u003c/ul>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>What is Clark saying?\u003c/strong> \u003ca href=\"https://www.npr.org/2023/05/24/1178021296/the-challenges-of-accurately-archiving-black-twitter\">Speaking to NPR’s Juana Summers\u003c/a>, Clark outlined why the project was important — and feeling increasingly urgent.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>On the power of preserving stories:\u003c/p>\n\u003cblockquote>\u003cp>The power of that preservation is making sure that accurate narratives are told. There are so many instances where people might have forgotten about the truth of how something unfolded. One that sticks out in my mind is that, recently, there was coverage that made reference to Nikki Haley, the former governor of South Carolina, signing legislation to take down the Confederate flag over that state’s Capitol following the massacre of the Emanuel Nine. And I took issue with that reporting because it erased the work of Bree Newsome and her comrades in actually scaling the flagpole at the state Capitol and taking that flag down. And without the witnessing that folks were able to do on Twitter, that narrative might be lost. And I think that that is just one reflection of many stories that require us to have plenty of evidence to make sure that they are told correctly.\u003c/p>\u003c/blockquote>\n\u003cp>On whether the changing dynamics of Twitter itself add more urgency to the work she’s doing:\u003c/p>\n\u003cblockquote>\u003cp>It does. It almost adds a sense of desperation. At this point, Twitter is now reaching out to researchers who have large-scale Twitter datasets and, in some cases, asking them to delete that data. And if that data is deleted, then it leaves those of us who study this grasping for information and grasping for records.\u003c/p>\u003c/blockquote>\n\u003cp>https://twitter.com/ArchivingTBW/status/1639091308185944065\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>So, what now?\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cul>\n\u003cli>The project launched this year and Clark says she is working with collaborators and inviting others to the project.\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>You can read more and get involved \u003ca href=\"https://www.meredithdclark.com/archivingblacktwitter\">on Clark’s website\u003c/a>.\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>“There’s a version of Black Twitter that I can talk about, that I’ve written about, that I study. But everyone who is a part of Black Twitter has a perspective on it. And by that regard, they have something to offer,” she said.\u003c/li>\n\u003c/ul>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cstrong>What’s the big deal?\u003c/strong> Clark says preserving Black Twitter will allow for a more accurate and complex retelling of the history of the internet. But it’s not a simple task.\u003c/li>\n\u003c/ul>\n\u003cul>\n\u003cli>Clark says it’s impossible to collect — or even distill — the whole of Black Twitter. So instead there will be a collection of what are called “small histories.”\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>They are “parts and pieces of what has happened in this place and time, but they are not the end-all-be-all of Black Twitter,” Clark told NPR, adding that it’s a delicate balance.\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>NPR’s \u003ca href=\"https://www.npr.org/2023/05/24/1178070208/twitter-glitches-mar-ron-desantis-debut-as-presidential-candidate\">Dara Kerr and Bobby Allyn report\u003c/a> that since Elon Musk acquired Twitter in October, the company’s staff has been whittled down to about 10% of what it was before, following mass layoffs and others quitting. “Outages have become far more common [and] overall system bugginess has also become the norm for many users,” they report.\u003c/li>\n\u003c/ul>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>What is Clark saying?\u003c/strong> \u003ca href=\"https://www.npr.org/2023/05/24/1178021296/the-challenges-of-accurately-archiving-black-twitter\">Speaking to NPR’s Juana Summers\u003c/a>, Clark outlined why the project was important — and feeling increasingly urgent.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>On the power of preserving stories:\u003c/p>\n\u003cblockquote>\u003cp>The power of that preservation is making sure that accurate narratives are told. There are so many instances where people might have forgotten about the truth of how something unfolded. One that sticks out in my mind is that, recently, there was coverage that made reference to Nikki Haley, the former governor of South Carolina, signing legislation to take down the Confederate flag over that state’s Capitol following the massacre of the Emanuel Nine. And I took issue with that reporting because it erased the work of Bree Newsome and her comrades in actually scaling the flagpole at the state Capitol and taking that flag down. And without the witnessing that folks were able to do on Twitter, that narrative might be lost. And I think that that is just one reflection of many stories that require us to have plenty of evidence to make sure that they are told correctly.\u003c/p>\u003c/blockquote>\n\u003cp>On whether the changing dynamics of Twitter itself add more urgency to the work she’s doing:\u003c/p>\n\u003cblockquote>\u003cp>It does. It almost adds a sense of desperation. At this point, Twitter is now reaching out to researchers who have large-scale Twitter datasets and, in some cases, asking them to delete that data. And if that data is deleted, then it leaves those of us who study this grasping for information and grasping for records.\u003c/p>\u003c/blockquote>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cp>The IRS is developing a system that would let taxpayers send electronic returns directly to the government for free, sidestepping commercial options such as TurboTax.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The agency plans a pilot test of the program next year.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Many other countries already offer taxpayers a government-run filing system. But the IRS plan is likely to face stiff opposition from the $14 billion tax-preparation industry.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“A direct-to-IRS e-file system is wholly redundant and is nothing more than a solution in search of a problem,” said Rick Heineman, a spokesman for Intuit, the company behind TurboTax. “That solution will unnecessarily cost taxpayers billions of dollars and especially harm the most vulnerable Americans.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11949751\" class=\"wp-caption alignright\" style=\"max-width: 1024px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-full wp-image-11949751\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2023/05/GettyImages-1482887884.jpg\" alt=\"People outside an H&R Block office protest with signs.\" width=\"1024\" height=\"692\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2023/05/GettyImages-1482887884.jpg 1024w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2023/05/GettyImages-1482887884-800x541.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2023/05/GettyImages-1482887884-1020x689.jpg 1020w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2023/05/GettyImages-1482887884-160x108.jpg 160w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 1024px) 100vw, 1024px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Advocates gather in Washington, DC to call out tax prep companies like Intuit TurboTax and H&R Block for blocking simplified filing and to support IRS exploration of alternative free tax filing on April 17, 2023 in Washington, DC. \u003ccite>(Tasos Katopodis/Getty Images for Economic Security Project)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Americans already spend significant time and money preparing their taxes. The average individual filer pays $140 per year, according to the IRS.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>While an alliance of industry players offers a free-filing option through the IRS website, only about 2% of taxpayers use it.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“That’s because the tax prep companies sabotaged the program, so they could keep raking in money,” Sen. Elizabeth Warren, D-Mass., said last month.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Last year, TurboTax paid $141 million to settle a complaint that it advertised free tax preparation, then steered customers into costly upgrades. The company did not admit to any wrongdoing.\u003c/p>\n\u003ch2>Taxpayers will still have choices on how to file\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>IRS commissioner Danny Werfel stressed that filing returns directly with the government will be strictly optional.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Taxpayers will always have choices for how they file their taxes,” Werfel told reporters during a conference call Tuesday. “They can use tax software. They can use a trusted tax professional. They can use a paper tax return. We’d rather they file electronically, sure. But they have that choice.”[pullquote align=\"right\" size=\"medium\" citation=\"Sen. Ron Wyden (D-Ore.)\"]‘When it comes to filing taxes online, the status quo is unacceptable.’[/pullquote]Many Democrats have long favored a direct filing option. Legislation passed last year gave the IRS $15 million to study the idea.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Democrats are committed to the proposition that it shouldn’t cost hundreds of dollars and many more hours of time simply to follow the law,” Senate Finance Committee chairman Ron Wyden, D-Ore., said during a hearing last month. “When it comes to filing taxes online, the status quo is unacceptable.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Through surveys, the IRS found significant interest in a government-run filing system, but also challenges.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>One survey found 72% of taxpayers would be “very interested” or “somewhat interested” in a system that allowed them to file returns directly with the government at no cost. The option was most popular with younger people, those with limited English skills and people who do their own taxes.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“If the government is requiring me to file, they should offer a free service,” one survey respondent said.\u003c/p>\n\u003ch2>Concerns remain about online filing\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>Other participants were concerned, however, that the tax collector might not provide them with the largest refund or the smallest tax bill — a potential conflict that’s been highlighted by commercial tax preparers.[aside postID=news_11939953 hero='https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2023/02/pexels-mikhail-nilov-8297351-1020x680.jpg']The IRS estimates that setting up and operating a direct file system would cost the government between $64 million and $249 million annually, depending on the number of users and the complexity of returns it could handle.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>One challenge is how to integrate state tax returns, which would make a IRS-run system more attractive. The system could also be a stepping stone to having the IRS fill in parts of a tax return itself, using information from employers and other sources.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The next step in the process is to let some real taxpayers try using the system next year.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“The best way to be successful is to begin with a limited scope pilot that allows the IRS to test functionality for some taxpayers, evaluate success, and use lessons learned to inform the growth of the tool,” Deputy Treasury Secretary Wally Adeyemo wrote, in a letter authorizing the test.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The scale of the experiment and the kinds of taxpayers who will be eligible is yet to be determined.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>The IRS is developing a system that would let taxpayers send electronic returns directly to the government for free, sidestepping commercial options such as TurboTax.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The agency plans a pilot test of the program next year.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Many other countries already offer taxpayers a government-run filing system. But the IRS plan is likely to face stiff opposition from the $14 billion tax-preparation industry.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“A direct-to-IRS e-file system is wholly redundant and is nothing more than a solution in search of a problem,” said Rick Heineman, a spokesman for Intuit, the company behind TurboTax. “That solution will unnecessarily cost taxpayers billions of dollars and especially harm the most vulnerable Americans.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11949751\" class=\"wp-caption alignright\" style=\"max-width: 1024px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-full wp-image-11949751\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2023/05/GettyImages-1482887884.jpg\" alt=\"People outside an H&R Block office protest with signs.\" width=\"1024\" height=\"692\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2023/05/GettyImages-1482887884.jpg 1024w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2023/05/GettyImages-1482887884-800x541.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2023/05/GettyImages-1482887884-1020x689.jpg 1020w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2023/05/GettyImages-1482887884-160x108.jpg 160w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 1024px) 100vw, 1024px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Advocates gather in Washington, DC to call out tax prep companies like Intuit TurboTax and H&R Block for blocking simplified filing and to support IRS exploration of alternative free tax filing on April 17, 2023 in Washington, DC. \u003ccite>(Tasos Katopodis/Getty Images for Economic Security Project)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Americans already spend significant time and money preparing their taxes. The average individual filer pays $140 per year, according to the IRS.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>While an alliance of industry players offers a free-filing option through the IRS website, only about 2% of taxpayers use it.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“That’s because the tax prep companies sabotaged the program, so they could keep raking in money,” Sen. Elizabeth Warren, D-Mass., said last month.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Last year, TurboTax paid $141 million to settle a complaint that it advertised free tax preparation, then steered customers into costly upgrades. The company did not admit to any wrongdoing.\u003c/p>\n\u003ch2>Taxpayers will still have choices on how to file\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>IRS commissioner Danny Werfel stressed that filing returns directly with the government will be strictly optional.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Taxpayers will always have choices for how they file their taxes,” Werfel told reporters during a conference call Tuesday. “They can use tax software. They can use a trusted tax professional. They can use a paper tax return. We’d rather they file electronically, sure. But they have that choice.”\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>Many Democrats have long favored a direct filing option. Legislation passed last year gave the IRS $15 million to study the idea.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Democrats are committed to the proposition that it shouldn’t cost hundreds of dollars and many more hours of time simply to follow the law,” Senate Finance Committee chairman Ron Wyden, D-Ore., said during a hearing last month. “When it comes to filing taxes online, the status quo is unacceptable.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Through surveys, the IRS found significant interest in a government-run filing system, but also challenges.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>One survey found 72% of taxpayers would be “very interested” or “somewhat interested” in a system that allowed them to file returns directly with the government at no cost. The option was most popular with younger people, those with limited English skills and people who do their own taxes.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“If the government is requiring me to file, they should offer a free service,” one survey respondent said.\u003c/p>\n\u003ch2>Concerns remain about online filing\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>Other participants were concerned, however, that the tax collector might not provide them with the largest refund or the smallest tax bill — a potential conflict that’s been highlighted by commercial tax preparers.\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>The IRS estimates that setting up and operating a direct file system would cost the government between $64 million and $249 million annually, depending on the number of users and the complexity of returns it could handle.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>One challenge is how to integrate state tax returns, which would make a IRS-run system more attractive. The system could also be a stepping stone to having the IRS fill in parts of a tax return itself, using information from employers and other sources.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The next step in the process is to let some real taxpayers try using the system next year.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“The best way to be successful is to begin with a limited scope pilot that allows the IRS to test functionality for some taxpayers, evaluate success, and use lessons learned to inform the growth of the tool,” Deputy Treasury Secretary Wally Adeyemo wrote, in a letter authorizing the test.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The scale of the experiment and the kinds of taxpayers who will be eligible is yet to be determined.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cp>It’s halftime at the Golden State Warriors’ arena, and the stars are realigning.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Steph Curry and his teammates have gone to the locker room, giving up the floor to a crew of sashaying, strutting, seasoned dancers ranging in age from 55 to 77 known as the Hardwood Classics.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“You see 20,000 fans. And sometimes they’ll even stand up in front of us and start dancing too. It’s just electric. And we’re so, so lucky,” said Jan, the most-veteran crew member, who turns 78 in August.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The Golden State Warriors organization has a policy of giving only its dancers’ first names, for their privacy and security.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Jan was part of the inaugural Hardwood Classics team. This is her fifth season with the group.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“The very first time we went out, we didn’t know how we would be received. The fans really were behind us and applauded. And some of us, me included, came off with tears in our eyes. It was just such an emotional, wonderful experience.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[pullquote size=\"medium\" align=\"right\" citation=\"Jan, dancer, Hardwood Classics\"]‘At this stage of your life, usually you’re rather sedate. You’re not, you know, making new friends and things like that. This is just the complete opposite.’[/pullquote]The dancers come from varied backgrounds. Jenn is a season ticket holder with the Warriors, and she has a day job in healthcare. She saw the Hardwoods and tried out as soon as she qualified. At 55, it was the first audition of her life.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“I have to admit I was a little terrified in the beginning. In my first season, I had a little bit of imposter syndrome,” Jenn said. “How did I get here? How am I getting to do this? But now that I’m doing it, I can’t imagine not doing it.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Jan, on the other hand, said she began her professional dancing career when she was 14. She described working on chorus lines, on television, and as a contortionist in an acrobatic act. She says she still does the splits to limber up — “at a moment’s notice, wherever I go.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The group’s routines are morsels lasting a single minute and belying its diligent work ethic. Each requires several hours of learning, then perfecting, the choreography.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“You just eat, sleep, and drink the routine,” Jan said. “I try to do it first thing, before I brush my teeth.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The dancers say they feel grateful for the community they have found among their fellow Hardwood Classics, and for their enormous stage at half-court in San Francisco’s Chase Center.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“We all love each other so much,” Jenn said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Jan adds that they visit each other in the offseason to see movies, watch games, and celebrate grandchildren.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“At this stage of your life, usually you’re rather sedate. You’re not, you know, making new friends and things like that. This is just the complete opposite.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>If the Golden State Warriors can pull out three straight wins against the Los Angeles Lakers in the semifinals — Game 5 is Wednesday night — the team will proceed to the finals.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>That would give the Hardwood Classics a chance at one more performance to cap off their season.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>Audio story edited by Jacob Conrad.\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\u003cdiv class=\"fullattribution\">Copyright 2023 NPR. To see more, visit https://www.npr.org.\u003cimg decoding=\"async\" src=\"https://www.google-analytics.com/__utm.gif?utmac=UA-5828686-4&utmdt=Meet+the+NBA+dancers+strutting+into+their+Golden+years&utme=8(APIKey)9(MDAxOTAwOTE4MDEyMTkxMDAzNjczZDljZA004)\">\u003c/div>\n\n",
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"info": "Every week, The California Report Magazine takes you on a road trip for the ears: to visit the places and meet the people who make California unique. The in-depth storytelling podcast from the California Report.",
"airtime": "FRI 4:30pm-5pm, 6:30pm-7pm, 11pm-11:30pm",
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"officialWebsiteLink": "/californiareportmagazine",
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"order": 10
},
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},
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"id": "city-arts",
"title": "City Arts & Lectures",
"info": "A one-hour radio program to hear celebrated writers, artists and thinkers address contemporary ideas and values, often discussing the creative process. Please note: tapes or transcripts are not available",
"imageSrc": "https://ww2.kqed.org/radio/wp-content/uploads/sites/50/2018/05/cityartsandlecture-300x300.jpg",
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"airtime": "SUN 1pm-2pm, TUE 10pm, WED 1am",
"meta": {
"site": "news",
"source": "City Arts & Lectures"
},
"link": "https://www.cityarts.net",
"subscribe": {
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"rss": "https://www.cityarts.net/feed/"
}
},
"closealltabs": {
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"info": "Close All Tabs breaks down how digital culture shapes our world through thoughtful insights and irreverent humor.",
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"officialWebsiteLink": "/podcasts/closealltabs",
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"order": 1
},
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"title": "Code Switch / Life Kit",
"info": "\u003cem>Code Switch\u003c/em>, which listeners will hear in the first part of the hour, has fearless and much-needed conversations about race. Hosted by journalists of color, the show tackles the subject of race head-on, exploring how it impacts every part of society — from politics and pop culture to history, sports and more.\u003cbr />\u003cbr />\u003cem>Life Kit\u003c/em>, which will be in the second part of the hour, guides you through spaces and feelings no one prepares you for — from finances to mental health, from workplace microaggressions to imposter syndrome, from relationships to parenting. The show features experts with real world experience and shares their knowledge. Because everyone needs a little help being human.\u003cbr />\u003cbr />\u003ca href=\"https://www.npr.org/podcasts/510312/codeswitch\">\u003cem>Code Switch\u003c/em> offical site and podcast\u003c/a>\u003cbr />\u003ca href=\"https://www.npr.org/lifekit\">\u003cem>Life Kit\u003c/em> offical site and podcast\u003c/a>\u003cbr />",
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"meta": {
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"google": "https://podcasts.google.com/feed/aHR0cHM6Ly93d3cubnByLm9yZy9yc3MvcG9kY2FzdC5waHA_aWQ9NTEwMzEy",
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"id": "commonwealth-club",
"title": "Commonwealth Club of California Podcast",
"info": "The Commonwealth Club of California is the nation's oldest and largest public affairs forum. As a non-partisan forum, The Club brings to the public airwaves diverse viewpoints on important topics. The Club's weekly radio broadcast - the oldest in the U.S., dating back to 1924 - is carried across the nation on public radio stations and is now podcasting. Our website archive features audio of our recent programs, as well as selected speeches from our long and distinguished history. This podcast feed is usually updated twice a week and is always un-edited.",
"airtime": "THU 10pm, FRI 1am",
"imageSrc": "https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/04/Commonwealth-Club-Podcast-Tile-360x360-1.jpg",
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"meta": {
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"source": "Commonwealth Club of California"
},
"link": "/radio/program/commonwealth-club",
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"google": "https://podcasts.google.com/feed/aHR0cDovL3d3dy5jb21tb253ZWFsdGhjbHViLm9yZy9hdWRpby9wb2RjYXN0L3dlZWtseS54bWw",
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},
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"id": "forum",
"title": "Forum",
"tagline": "The conversation starts here",
"info": "KQED’s live call-in program discussing local, state, national and international issues, as well as in-depth interviews.",
"airtime": "MON-FRI 9am-11am, 10pm-11pm",
"imageSrc": "https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/04/Forum-Podcast-Tile-703x703-1.jpg",
"imageAlt": "KQED Forum with Mina Kim and Alexis Madrigal",
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"source": "kqed",
"order": 9
},
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"google": "https://podcasts.google.com/feed/aHR0cHM6Ly9mZWVkcy5tZWdhcGhvbmUuZm0vS1FJTkM5NTU3MzgxNjMz",
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"id": "freakonomics-radio",
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"imageSrc": "https://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2018/05/freakonomicsRadio.png",
"officialWebsiteLink": "http://freakonomics.com/",
"airtime": "SUN 1am-2am, SAT 3pm-4pm",
"meta": {
"site": "radio",
"source": "WNYC"
},
"link": "/radio/program/freakonomics-radio",
"subscribe": {
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"apple": "https://itunes.apple.com/us/podcast/freakonomics-radio/id354668519",
"tuneIn": "https://tunein.com/podcasts/WNYC-Podcasts/Freakonomics-Radio-p272293/",
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},
"fresh-air": {
"id": "fresh-air",
"title": "Fresh Air",
"info": "Hosted by Terry Gross, \u003cem>Fresh Air from WHYY\u003c/em> is the Peabody Award-winning weekday magazine of contemporary arts and issues. One of public radio's most popular programs, Fresh Air features intimate conversations with today's biggest luminaries.",
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"apple": "https://itunes.apple.com/WebObjects/MZStore.woa/wa/viewPodcast?s=143441&mt=2&id=214089682&at=11l79Y&ct=nprdirectory",
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"rss": "https://feeds.npr.org/381444908/podcast.xml"
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"info": "A live production of NPR and WBUR Boston, in collaboration with stations across the country, Here & Now reflects the fluid world of news as it's happening in the middle of the day, with timely, in-depth news, interviews and conversation. Hosted by Robin Young, Jeremy Hobson and Tonya Mosley.",
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"rss": "https://feeds.npr.org/510051/podcast.xml"
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},
"hidden-brain": {
"id": "hidden-brain",
"title": "Hidden Brain",
"info": "Shankar Vedantam uses science and storytelling to reveal the unconscious patterns that drive human behavior, shape our choices and direct our relationships.",
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"officialWebsiteLink": "https://www.npr.org/series/423302056/hidden-brain",
"airtime": "SUN 7pm-8pm",
"meta": {
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"source": "NPR"
},
"link": "/radio/program/hidden-brain",
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},
"how-i-built-this": {
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"title": "How I Built This with Guy Raz",
"info": "Guy Raz dives into the stories behind some of the world's best known companies. How I Built This weaves a narrative journey about innovators, entrepreneurs and idealists—and the movements they built.",
"imageSrc": "https://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2018/05/howIBuiltThis.png",
"officialWebsiteLink": "https://www.npr.org/podcasts/510313/how-i-built-this",
"airtime": "SUN 7:30pm-8pm",
"meta": {
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"source": "npr"
},
"link": "/radio/program/how-i-built-this",
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"npr": "https://rpb3r.app.goo.gl/3zxy",
"apple": "https://itunes.apple.com/us/podcast/how-i-built-this-with-guy-raz/id1150510297?mt=2",
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"hyphenacion": {
"id": "hyphenacion",
"title": "Hyphenación",
"tagline": "Where conversation and cultura meet",
"info": "What kind of no sabo word is Hyphenación? For us, it’s about living within a hyphenation. Like being a third-gen Mexican-American from the Texas border now living that Bay Area Chicano life. Like Xorje! Each week we bring together a couple of hyphenated Latinos to talk all about personal life choices: family, careers, relationships, belonging … everything is on the table. ",
"imageSrc": "https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2025/03/Hyphenacion_FinalAssets_PodcastTile.png",
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"officialWebsiteLink": "/podcasts/hyphenacion",
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"order": 15
},
"link": "/podcasts/hyphenacion",
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"spotify": "https://open.spotify.com/show/2p3Fifq96nw9BPcmFdIq0o?si=39209f7b25774f38",
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},
"jerrybrown": {
"id": "jerrybrown",
"title": "The Political Mind of Jerry Brown",
"tagline": "Lessons from a lifetime in politics",
"info": "The Political Mind of Jerry Brown brings listeners the wisdom of the former Governor, Mayor, and presidential candidate. Scott Shafer interviewed Brown for more than 40 hours, covering the former governor's life and half-century in the political game – and Brown has some lessons he'd like to share. ",
"imageSrc": "https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/04/The-Political-Mind-of-Jerry-Brown-Podcast-Tile-703x703-1.jpg",
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"officialWebsiteLink": "/podcasts/jerrybrown",
"meta": {
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"source": "kqed",
"order": 18
},
"link": "/podcasts/jerrybrown",
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}
},
"latino-usa": {
"id": "latino-usa",
"title": "Latino USA",
"airtime": "MON 1am-2am, SUN 6pm-7pm",
"info": "Latino USA, the radio journal of news and culture, is the only national, English-language radio program produced from a Latino perspective.",
"imageSrc": "https://ww2.kqed.org/radio/wp-content/uploads/sites/50/2018/04/latinoUsa.jpg",
"officialWebsiteLink": "http://latinousa.org/",
"meta": {
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},
"link": "/radio/program/latino-usa",
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"apple": "https://itunes.apple.com/WebObjects/MZStore.woa/wa/viewPodcast?s=143441&mt=2&id=79681317&at=11l79Y&ct=nprdirectory",
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"rss": "https://feeds.npr.org/510016/podcast.xml"
}
},
"marketplace": {
"id": "marketplace",
"title": "Marketplace",
"info": "Our flagship program, helmed by Kai Ryssdal, examines what the day in money delivered, through stories, conversations, newsworthy numbers and more. Updated Monday through Friday at about 3:30 p.m. PT.",
"airtime": "MON-FRI 4pm-4:30pm, MON-WED 6:30pm-7pm",
"imageSrc": "https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/04/Marketplace-Podcast-Tile-360x360-1.jpg",
"officialWebsiteLink": "https://www.marketplace.org/",
"meta": {
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"source": "American Public Media"
},
"link": "/radio/program/marketplace",
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"rss": "https://feeds.publicradio.org/public_feeds/marketplace-pm/rss/rss"
}
},
"masters-of-scale": {
"id": "masters-of-scale",
"title": "Masters of Scale",
"info": "Masters of Scale is an original podcast in which LinkedIn co-founder and Greylock Partner Reid Hoffman sets out to describe and prove theories that explain how great entrepreneurs take their companies from zero to a gazillion in ingenious fashion.",
"airtime": "Every other Wednesday June 12 through October 16 at 8pm (repeats Thursdays at 2am)",
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"officialWebsiteLink": "https://mastersofscale.com/",
"meta": {
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"source": "WaitWhat"
},
"link": "/radio/program/masters-of-scale",
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"apple": "http://mastersofscale.app.link/",
"rss": "https://rss.art19.com/masters-of-scale"
}
},
"mindshift": {
"id": "mindshift",
"title": "MindShift",
"tagline": "A podcast about the future of learning and how we raise our kids",
"info": "The MindShift podcast explores the innovations in education that are shaping how kids learn. Hosts Ki Sung and Katrina Schwartz introduce listeners to educators, researchers, parents and students who are developing effective ways to improve how kids learn. We cover topics like how fed-up administrators are developing surprising tactics to deal with classroom disruptions; how listening to podcasts are helping kids develop reading skills; the consequences of overparenting; and why interdisciplinary learning can engage students on all ends of the traditional achievement spectrum. This podcast is part of the MindShift education site, a division of KQED News. KQED is an NPR/PBS member station based in San Francisco. You can also visit the MindShift website for episodes and supplemental blog posts or tweet us \u003ca href=\"https://twitter.com/MindShiftKQED\">@MindShiftKQED\u003c/a> or visit us at \u003ca href=\"/mindshift\">MindShift.KQED.org\u003c/a>",
"imageSrc": "https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/04/Mindshift-Podcast-Tile-703x703-1.jpg",
"imageAlt": "KQED MindShift: How We Will Learn",
"officialWebsiteLink": "/mindshift/",
"meta": {
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"source": "kqed",
"order": 12
},
"link": "/podcasts/mindshift",
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"google": "https://podcasts.google.com/feed/aHR0cHM6Ly9mZWVkcy5tZWdhcGhvbmUuZm0vS1FJTkM1NzY0NjAwNDI5",
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}
},
"morning-edition": {
"id": "morning-edition",
"title": "Morning Edition",
"info": "\u003cem>Morning Edition\u003c/em> takes listeners around the country and the world with multi-faceted stories and commentaries every weekday. Hosts Steve Inskeep, David Greene and Rachel Martin bring you the latest breaking news and features to prepare you for the day.",
"airtime": "MON-FRI 3am-9am",
"imageSrc": "https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/04/Morning-Edition-Podcast-Tile-360x360-1.jpg",
"officialWebsiteLink": "https://www.npr.org/programs/morning-edition/",
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"link": "/radio/program/morning-edition"
},
"onourwatch": {
"id": "onourwatch",
"title": "On Our Watch",
"tagline": "Deeply-reported investigative journalism",
"info": "For decades, the process for how police police themselves has been inconsistent – if not opaque. In some states, like California, these proceedings were completely hidden. After a new police transparency law unsealed scores of internal affairs files, our reporters set out to examine these cases and the shadow world of police discipline. On Our Watch brings listeners into the rooms where officers are questioned and witnesses are interrogated to find out who this system is really protecting. Is it the officers, or the public they've sworn to serve?",
"imageSrc": "https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/04/On-Our-Watch-Podcast-Tile-703x703-1.jpg",
"imageAlt": "On Our Watch from NPR and KQED",
"officialWebsiteLink": "/podcasts/onourwatch",
"meta": {
"site": "news",
"source": "kqed",
"order": 11
},
"link": "/podcasts/onourwatch",
"subscribe": {
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"google": "https://podcasts.google.com/feed/aHR0cHM6Ly9mZWVkcy5ucHIub3JnLzUxMDM2MC9wb2RjYXN0LnhtbD9zYz1nb29nbGVwb2RjYXN0cw",
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}
},
"on-the-media": {
"id": "on-the-media",
"title": "On The Media",
"info": "Our weekly podcast explores how the media 'sausage' is made, casts an incisive eye on fluctuations in the marketplace of ideas, and examines threats to the freedom of information and expression in America and abroad. For one hour a week, the show tries to lift the veil from the process of \"making media,\" especially news media, because it's through that lens that we see the world and the world sees us",
"airtime": "SUN 2pm-3pm, MON 12am-1am",
"imageSrc": "https://ww2.kqed.org/radio/wp-content/uploads/sites/50/2018/04/onTheMedia.png",
"officialWebsiteLink": "https://www.wnycstudios.org/shows/otm",
"meta": {
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"source": "wnyc"
},
"link": "/radio/program/on-the-media",
"subscribe": {
"apple": "https://itunes.apple.com/us/podcast/on-the-media/id73330715?mt=2",
"tuneIn": "https://tunein.com/radio/On-the-Media-p69/",
"rss": "http://feeds.wnyc.org/onthemedia"
}
},
"pbs-newshour": {
"id": "pbs-newshour",
"title": "PBS NewsHour",
"info": "Analysis, background reports and updates from the PBS NewsHour putting today's news in context.",
"airtime": "MON-FRI 3pm-4pm",
"imageSrc": "https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/04/PBS-News-Hour-Podcast-Tile-360x360-1.jpg",
"officialWebsiteLink": "https://www.pbs.org/newshour/",
"meta": {
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"source": "pbs"
},
"link": "/radio/program/pbs-newshour",
"subscribe": {
"apple": "https://itunes.apple.com/us/podcast/pbs-newshour-full-show/id394432287?mt=2",
"tuneIn": "https://tunein.com/radio/PBS-NewsHour---Full-Show-p425698/",
"rss": "https://www.pbs.org/newshour/feeds/rss/podcasts/show"
}
},
"perspectives": {
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