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"content": "\u003cp>Don Brown has been driving a school bus for more than 20 years in the Chicago area. And for all that time, he's noticed one odd student habit.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>As they climb aboard his bus, \"when they get to the top step, they always cough,\" he says. \"This was even before the pandemic! Or, when they get ready to get off, they say 'Bye, bus driver!' and they cough.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Because of this, Brown says, he hopes he'll be getting the vaccine, \"as soon as I can.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>As another semester gets under way, more than half of U.S. public school students are learning in front of tablets and laptops, according to the organization Burbio. President-elect Joe Biden has pledged to try to open most schools within his first hundred days in office.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>And to make opening schools safer, the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention has classed school staff as \"frontline essential workers\" — meaning they're among the earliest in line to get the new coronavirus vaccines. But access and timelines vary around the country, and some teachers remain worried about coronavirus continuing to spread in schools, even if they themselves can get the shots.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Per federal vaccination guidelines, school personnel — including custodians, food service workers, and bus drivers — along with child care providers, are in category 1b, just after the elderly in long-term care facilities and health care workers.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Grace Lee, the chief medical officer for practice innovation and pediatric infectious disease physician at Stanford Children's Health, sat on the committee that drew up those recommendations. She said they put education workers so high up on the list because she's concerned about the social and academic effects of prolonged school closures. \"My worry is that some children are being left behind, and that we need to really be able to make sure that there is the opportunity for everyone to be educated.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In some states, school workers have already begun to receive vaccines, or expect to in the coming days. NPR asked teachers on Twitter how they felt about getting the vaccine, and got an outpouring of more than 2,000 responses.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Most, like Don Brown in Illinois, were eager to get theirs. But few were as emphatic, or poetic, as Cheryl Coker, who teaches elementary music in Houston:\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"I would take it in a box, I would take it with a fox. I would take it in a house, I would take it with a mouse. Vaccinate me here or there, vaccinate me anywhere.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003ch2>\u003cstrong>The Lions' Den \u003c/strong>\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>Regardless of federal guidelines, states are setting their own priority lists. And in states like Utah and Texas, educators have been in tense discussions with state leaders over vaccine priority.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In Utah, where most schools are fully or partially open, Heidi Matthews is president of the state's largest teacher union, which fought to get teachers moved up the list. She notes that the state historically has among the \u003ca href=\"https://nces.ed.gov/surveys/sass/tables/sass0708_2009324_t1s_08.asp\">largest average class sizes\u003c/a> in the nation. \"I mean, we can't keep our desks six inches apart, much less do any sort of social distancing.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>She says, \"many of our teachers feel like they have been forced into that proverbial lion's den.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Which raises a question that has challenged educators and public health experts since the pandemic began: Are classrooms that dangerous when it comes to coronavirus? That's the subject of \u003ca href=\"https://www.chalkbeat.org/2021/1/4/22214312/covid-spread-schools-research\">two\u003c/a> new \u003ca href=\"https://www.npr.org/sections/coronavirus-live-updates/2021/01/07/953961009/where-is-it-safe-to-reopen-schools-new-research-offers-answers\">studies\u003c/a>. Both found schools that can operate safely, with precautions, as long as community spread is not too high.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But in most places in the United States, COVID-19 is surging out of control. And that means mixed feelings at this moment for educators, especially where school buildings are open.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>When I reached Michael Hinojosa, the superintendent of the Dallas public schools, he had just struck a deal to use one of his fieldhouses as a vaccination site, both for his staff and for the local community.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"I feel that we've finally been listened to. During this whole pandemic, we've been the lost voice out there,\" he said, referring to educators. But it's hard to celebrate, he added, when cases are rising: \"I think it's still going to be horrible between now and spring break. But now I see a light at the end of the tunnel, and it's not a freight train.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003ch2>\u003cstrong>Logistics and \"Excruciating choices\"\u003c/strong>\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>In Kentucky, where schools were ordered closed due to COVID-19 surges in November, Commissioner of Education Jason Glass talked about the logistical challenges of getting shots in arms, which he hopes will begin in February.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>First of all, his Department of Education asked all school staff, both public and private, to put in their names to get the vaccine, which in turn determined how many doses the Department of Public Health would order. The request went out over the December holidays. Around 82,000 people quickly put up their hands, or roughly 9 in 10 of the relevant staff members in school systems like Louisville's.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Meanwhile, local public health departments are busy standing up vaccine sites.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"We have contracts that are in development right now with grocery stores, with commercial pharmacies, big retail stores like Walmart, those are all options.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>And finally comes a set of what Glass calls excruciating choices. \"We're gonna have scarcity associated with the vaccine,\" he explained, which means asking:\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In what order do people get it? Should those who are older or have pre-existing conditions go first? What about school staff who have the most face-to-face contact with students? Or communities of color that have been disproportionately harmed?\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"Those are all variables that I think have to be taken into account.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003ch2>\u003cstrong>Hesitation\u003c/strong>\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>An \u003cem>Education Week \u003c/em>\u003ca href=\"https://www.edweek.org/leadership/school-workers-may-get-early-shot-at-covid-19-vaccine-will-they-take-it/2020/12\">survey of teachers\u003c/a> taken in November found just over 1 in 4 expressing some hesitation about lining up for their shots, somewhat on par with the general population.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Patrick Harris, who teaches middle school humanities at the Roeper School in the Detroit area, says that while he is ultimately willing to take the vaccine, \"the hesitation that I have is just thinking about long-term impacts that are not necessarily known.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Meanwhile, Harris says, members of his family, including his 100-year-old grandmother, are dead-set against it: \"My parents, my grandparents, the older black folks in my family, you know, they are like, 'I'm not getting the vaccine first, if at all, and you better not either.' \"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Many polls have shown more vaccine-hesitancy among African Americans, a legacy of centuries of what the medical ethicist Harriet Washington calls \"medical apartheid.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>For educators like Harris who have yet to go back to work in person, the stakes of getting a vaccine are different. Many of the school systems that have remained all remote are in cities, serving large numbers of Black and Hispanic students whose communities have been hit hard by the virus.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Clarice Brazas teaches humanities, currently online at The U School, a Philadelphia public high school. Brazas says she'll be happy to get the vaccine, but she'll still be worried about her students spreading the virus, especially those who use public transportation.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"I work in a really small high school,\" she says, \"but we've already had several students who have either lost parents or whose parents have been hospitalized. A lot of our students live with their grandparents.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>No vaccine has yet been approved for children under 16, and younger people are at the back of the line according to CDC guidelines. Dr. Lee, at Stanford, says that means masks, handwashing, social distancing and ventilation are here to stay for at least the rest of this school year.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad floatright]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"Vaccines in my mind are another layer of protection,\" she said. \"It doesn't mean all the other barriers go away, but it does mean that if we add that layer in, it adds a huge degree of protection that does not always depend on everyone being perfect one hundred percent of the time.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cdiv class=\"fullattribution\">Copyright 2021 NPR. To see more, visit https://www.npr.org.\u003cimg src=\"https://www.google-analytics.com/__utm.gif?utmac=UA-5828686-4&utmdt=Amid+Surges%2C+Teachers+Line+Up+For+Their+Vaccines&utme=8(APIKey)9(MDAxOTAwOTE4MDEyMTkxMDAzNjczZDljZA004)\">\u003c/div>\n\n",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>Don Brown has been driving a school bus for more than 20 years in the Chicago area. And for all that time, he's noticed one odd student habit.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>As they climb aboard his bus, \"when they get to the top step, they always cough,\" he says. \"This was even before the pandemic! Or, when they get ready to get off, they say 'Bye, bus driver!' and they cough.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Because of this, Brown says, he hopes he'll be getting the vaccine, \"as soon as I can.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>As another semester gets under way, more than half of U.S. public school students are learning in front of tablets and laptops, according to the organization Burbio. President-elect Joe Biden has pledged to try to open most schools within his first hundred days in office.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>And to make opening schools safer, the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention has classed school staff as \"frontline essential workers\" — meaning they're among the earliest in line to get the new coronavirus vaccines. But access and timelines vary around the country, and some teachers remain worried about coronavirus continuing to spread in schools, even if they themselves can get the shots.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Per federal vaccination guidelines, school personnel — including custodians, food service workers, and bus drivers — along with child care providers, are in category 1b, just after the elderly in long-term care facilities and health care workers.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Grace Lee, the chief medical officer for practice innovation and pediatric infectious disease physician at Stanford Children's Health, sat on the committee that drew up those recommendations. She said they put education workers so high up on the list because she's concerned about the social and academic effects of prolonged school closures. \"My worry is that some children are being left behind, and that we need to really be able to make sure that there is the opportunity for everyone to be educated.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In some states, school workers have already begun to receive vaccines, or expect to in the coming days. NPR asked teachers on Twitter how they felt about getting the vaccine, and got an outpouring of more than 2,000 responses.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Most, like Don Brown in Illinois, were eager to get theirs. But few were as emphatic, or poetic, as Cheryl Coker, who teaches elementary music in Houston:\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"I would take it in a box, I would take it with a fox. I would take it in a house, I would take it with a mouse. Vaccinate me here or there, vaccinate me anywhere.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003ch2>\u003cstrong>The Lions' Den \u003c/strong>\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>Regardless of federal guidelines, states are setting their own priority lists. And in states like Utah and Texas, educators have been in tense discussions with state leaders over vaccine priority.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In Utah, where most schools are fully or partially open, Heidi Matthews is president of the state's largest teacher union, which fought to get teachers moved up the list. She notes that the state historically has among the \u003ca href=\"https://nces.ed.gov/surveys/sass/tables/sass0708_2009324_t1s_08.asp\">largest average class sizes\u003c/a> in the nation. \"I mean, we can't keep our desks six inches apart, much less do any sort of social distancing.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>She says, \"many of our teachers feel like they have been forced into that proverbial lion's den.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Which raises a question that has challenged educators and public health experts since the pandemic began: Are classrooms that dangerous when it comes to coronavirus? That's the subject of \u003ca href=\"https://www.chalkbeat.org/2021/1/4/22214312/covid-spread-schools-research\">two\u003c/a> new \u003ca href=\"https://www.npr.org/sections/coronavirus-live-updates/2021/01/07/953961009/where-is-it-safe-to-reopen-schools-new-research-offers-answers\">studies\u003c/a>. Both found schools that can operate safely, with precautions, as long as community spread is not too high.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But in most places in the United States, COVID-19 is surging out of control. And that means mixed feelings at this moment for educators, especially where school buildings are open.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>When I reached Michael Hinojosa, the superintendent of the Dallas public schools, he had just struck a deal to use one of his fieldhouses as a vaccination site, both for his staff and for the local community.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"I feel that we've finally been listened to. During this whole pandemic, we've been the lost voice out there,\" he said, referring to educators. But it's hard to celebrate, he added, when cases are rising: \"I think it's still going to be horrible between now and spring break. But now I see a light at the end of the tunnel, and it's not a freight train.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003ch2>\u003cstrong>Logistics and \"Excruciating choices\"\u003c/strong>\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>In Kentucky, where schools were ordered closed due to COVID-19 surges in November, Commissioner of Education Jason Glass talked about the logistical challenges of getting shots in arms, which he hopes will begin in February.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>First of all, his Department of Education asked all school staff, both public and private, to put in their names to get the vaccine, which in turn determined how many doses the Department of Public Health would order. The request went out over the December holidays. Around 82,000 people quickly put up their hands, or roughly 9 in 10 of the relevant staff members in school systems like Louisville's.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Meanwhile, local public health departments are busy standing up vaccine sites.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"We have contracts that are in development right now with grocery stores, with commercial pharmacies, big retail stores like Walmart, those are all options.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>And finally comes a set of what Glass calls excruciating choices. \"We're gonna have scarcity associated with the vaccine,\" he explained, which means asking:\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In what order do people get it? Should those who are older or have pre-existing conditions go first? What about school staff who have the most face-to-face contact with students? Or communities of color that have been disproportionately harmed?\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"Those are all variables that I think have to be taken into account.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003ch2>\u003cstrong>Hesitation\u003c/strong>\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>An \u003cem>Education Week \u003c/em>\u003ca href=\"https://www.edweek.org/leadership/school-workers-may-get-early-shot-at-covid-19-vaccine-will-they-take-it/2020/12\">survey of teachers\u003c/a> taken in November found just over 1 in 4 expressing some hesitation about lining up for their shots, somewhat on par with the general population.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Patrick Harris, who teaches middle school humanities at the Roeper School in the Detroit area, says that while he is ultimately willing to take the vaccine, \"the hesitation that I have is just thinking about long-term impacts that are not necessarily known.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Meanwhile, Harris says, members of his family, including his 100-year-old grandmother, are dead-set against it: \"My parents, my grandparents, the older black folks in my family, you know, they are like, 'I'm not getting the vaccine first, if at all, and you better not either.' \"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Many polls have shown more vaccine-hesitancy among African Americans, a legacy of centuries of what the medical ethicist Harriet Washington calls \"medical apartheid.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>For educators like Harris who have yet to go back to work in person, the stakes of getting a vaccine are different. Many of the school systems that have remained all remote are in cities, serving large numbers of Black and Hispanic students whose communities have been hit hard by the virus.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Clarice Brazas teaches humanities, currently online at The U School, a Philadelphia public high school. Brazas says she'll be happy to get the vaccine, but she'll still be worried about her students spreading the virus, especially those who use public transportation.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"I work in a really small high school,\" she says, \"but we've already had several students who have either lost parents or whose parents have been hospitalized. A lot of our students live with their grandparents.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>No vaccine has yet been approved for children under 16, and younger people are at the back of the line according to CDC guidelines. Dr. Lee, at Stanford, says that means masks, handwashing, social distancing and ventilation are here to stay for at least the rest of this school year.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"Vaccines in my mind are another layer of protection,\" she said. \"It doesn't mean all the other barriers go away, but it does mean that if we add that layer in, it adds a huge degree of protection that does not always depend on everyone being perfect one hundred percent of the time.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cdiv class=\"fullattribution\">Copyright 2021 NPR. To see more, visit https://www.npr.org.\u003cimg src=\"https://www.google-analytics.com/__utm.gif?utmac=UA-5828686-4&utmdt=Amid+Surges%2C+Teachers+Line+Up+For+Their+Vaccines&utme=8(APIKey)9(MDAxOTAwOTE4MDEyMTkxMDAzNjczZDljZA004)\">\u003c/div>\n\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>",
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"disqusTitle": "A Quiet And 'Unsettling' Pandemic Toll: Students Who've Fallen Off The Grid",
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"content": "\u003cp>For American families and their children, school is more than just a building. It's a social life and a community, an athletic center and a place to get meals that aren't available at home. The coronavirus pandemic has disrupted — and continues to disrupt — the lives of U.S. students in profound ways.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Many kids haven't set foot in their schools since March, when \u003ca href=\"https://www.edweek.org/leadership/the-coronavirus-spring-the-historic-closing-of-u-s-schools-a-timeline/2020/07#:~:text=April%2017%3A%20More%20states%20close,the%202019%2D20%20school%20year.\">most in-person schooling shut down\u003c/a> across the United States. Teachers are working tirelessly to educate their students online, but they are growing increasingly anxious about the kids who aren't showing up at all.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>An estimated \u003ca href=\"https://bellwethereducation.org/publication/missing-margins-estimating-scale-covid-19-attendance-crisis#How%20did%20you%20estimate%201-3%20million%20missing%20students?\">3 million students\u003c/a> may have dropped out of school learning since March, according to Bellwether Education Partners, a national nonprofit that focuses on underserved youth. The group's study cited a lack of Internet access, housing insecurity, disabilities and language barriers as major obstacles to attending virtual classes during the pandemic.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"It is really, really unsettling,\" says Alex, a teacher in western Virginia, who asked that her last name not be used for fear of repercussions for speaking out. \"I think people don't realize how much we need to see these kids. A lot of times in schools, we are the first line for seeing signs of child abuse, for seeing signs of food insecurity. And you don't have that with virtual students. Especially when they ghost.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>That \"ghosting\" is a constant problem for school employees who track attendance in both urban and rural districts. Staying connected to students with little to no Internet access has become impossible in many cases.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"They find ways to disappear when they don't want to be found,\" says Karen Smith, who has been an educator for more than three decades and teaches high school English in a rural area on Maryland's Eastern Shore.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"Many of our students and even our faculty and staff don't have reliable Internet,\" she says. \"We experimented with portable Wi-Fi, and in our neck of the woods, that's not really a feasible thing because you have to have a signal to bounce off of. And in some cases, they're rural enough that they don't have that option.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Located about 150 miles northwest of Smith's school district, Baltimore might seem like a different world. But families in Evan Murray's urban school district face many of the same challenges.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"The Wi-Fi has been problematic for everybody,\" says Murray, who has worked in education for 13 years. He's now employed by Baltimore City Public Schools as a community school site specialist, communicating with students and their families about what they need for both their academic and nonacademic lives.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Smith's and Murray's two Maryland communities have nearly identical poverty levels, hovering just above 20%. So when a student is absent, missed lessons aren't the only concern.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"Our kids already rely on the teachers and the staff for a lot of different levels of support,\" such as food and health care resources, Murray says.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"We have a bunch of kids who rely on the morning breakfast and lunch programs to eat throughout the day,\" he continues. \"We need to communicate and check on our babies, our scholars, and make sure they're fine.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Smith, in rural Maryland, is worried about that too.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"It's really created a hardship for those families, and I think that is one of the reasons that there's been such a push to go back to school in person,\" she says, also noting that schools act as child care for many working parents.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The pandemic has made life unpredictable, and teachers see that reflected in class participation.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"Some of the students are in and out of touch,\" says Smith. \"There's one student that I haven't heard from her in, I don't know how long.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Smith says she has been trying to reach the student by phone but senses that she might be dealing with a precarious family situation.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"I think they're hesitant to be upfront about what's going on at home sometimes,\" she says.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Last week, Smith lost her own Internet access at home about 10 minutes before class was supposed to start. After that, she decided to start working out of the empty school building. The loud, buzzing hallways she remembers, filled with young voices and bodies, are now silent. After a few minutes, the motion-sensitive lights go off.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>One thing she and her colleagues often think about is how they don't necessarily even know what their students look like.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"They could walk in my room, face-to-face, and I would have absolutely no idea,\" she says. \"I don't even know if I've heard their voices.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Before the pandemic, Murray of the Baltimore schools says he spent a lot of time doing things like getting uniforms for kids and making parents feel involved. Now, his job deals largely with technology issues — getting tablets and other equipment out to students' homes, assuming he has the correct address.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Otherwise, he spends much of his workday on the phone, trying to track down students who have fallen off the grid.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>On a recent day, he says he spent two hours — from 1:30 to 3:30 p.m. — trying to contact 13 kids. \"We have to, because there are still a number of students we haven't gotten, we haven't made contact with.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>There are wrong numbers, kids who are tracked down to a different state, and home visits — when they were happening — where no one comes to the door.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Echoing Smith's experience in rural Maryland, Murray says he thinks there is shame or embarrassment, from students or their families, behind those unanswered messages and knocks on the doors.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>And amid worries that some of the temporary student absences could become permanent, Murray says schools need to be relentless in their outreach efforts.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"You can't go in this like you're waiting and wishing for students to come back,\" he says. \"It's not going to happen.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cdiv class=\"fullattribution\">Copyright 2021 NPR. To see more, visit https://www.npr.org.\u003cimg src=\"https://www.google-analytics.com/__utm.gif?utmac=UA-5828686-4&utmdt=A+Quiet+And+%27Unsettling%27+Pandemic+Toll%3A+Students+Who%27ve+Fallen+Off+The+Grid&utme=8(APIKey)9(MDAxOTAwOTE4MDEyMTkxMDAzNjczZDljZA004)\">\u003c/div>\n\n",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>For American families and their children, school is more than just a building. It's a social life and a community, an athletic center and a place to get meals that aren't available at home. The coronavirus pandemic has disrupted — and continues to disrupt — the lives of U.S. students in profound ways.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Many kids haven't set foot in their schools since March, when \u003ca href=\"https://www.edweek.org/leadership/the-coronavirus-spring-the-historic-closing-of-u-s-schools-a-timeline/2020/07#:~:text=April%2017%3A%20More%20states%20close,the%202019%2D20%20school%20year.\">most in-person schooling shut down\u003c/a> across the United States. Teachers are working tirelessly to educate their students online, but they are growing increasingly anxious about the kids who aren't showing up at all.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>An estimated \u003ca href=\"https://bellwethereducation.org/publication/missing-margins-estimating-scale-covid-19-attendance-crisis#How%20did%20you%20estimate%201-3%20million%20missing%20students?\">3 million students\u003c/a> may have dropped out of school learning since March, according to Bellwether Education Partners, a national nonprofit that focuses on underserved youth. The group's study cited a lack of Internet access, housing insecurity, disabilities and language barriers as major obstacles to attending virtual classes during the pandemic.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"It is really, really unsettling,\" says Alex, a teacher in western Virginia, who asked that her last name not be used for fear of repercussions for speaking out. \"I think people don't realize how much we need to see these kids. A lot of times in schools, we are the first line for seeing signs of child abuse, for seeing signs of food insecurity. And you don't have that with virtual students. Especially when they ghost.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>That \"ghosting\" is a constant problem for school employees who track attendance in both urban and rural districts. Staying connected to students with little to no Internet access has become impossible in many cases.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"They find ways to disappear when they don't want to be found,\" says Karen Smith, who has been an educator for more than three decades and teaches high school English in a rural area on Maryland's Eastern Shore.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"Many of our students and even our faculty and staff don't have reliable Internet,\" she says. \"We experimented with portable Wi-Fi, and in our neck of the woods, that's not really a feasible thing because you have to have a signal to bounce off of. And in some cases, they're rural enough that they don't have that option.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Located about 150 miles northwest of Smith's school district, Baltimore might seem like a different world. But families in Evan Murray's urban school district face many of the same challenges.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"The Wi-Fi has been problematic for everybody,\" says Murray, who has worked in education for 13 years. He's now employed by Baltimore City Public Schools as a community school site specialist, communicating with students and their families about what they need for both their academic and nonacademic lives.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Smith's and Murray's two Maryland communities have nearly identical poverty levels, hovering just above 20%. So when a student is absent, missed lessons aren't the only concern.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"Our kids already rely on the teachers and the staff for a lot of different levels of support,\" such as food and health care resources, Murray says.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"We have a bunch of kids who rely on the morning breakfast and lunch programs to eat throughout the day,\" he continues. \"We need to communicate and check on our babies, our scholars, and make sure they're fine.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Smith, in rural Maryland, is worried about that too.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"It's really created a hardship for those families, and I think that is one of the reasons that there's been such a push to go back to school in person,\" she says, also noting that schools act as child care for many working parents.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The pandemic has made life unpredictable, and teachers see that reflected in class participation.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"Some of the students are in and out of touch,\" says Smith. \"There's one student that I haven't heard from her in, I don't know how long.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Smith says she has been trying to reach the student by phone but senses that she might be dealing with a precarious family situation.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"I think they're hesitant to be upfront about what's going on at home sometimes,\" she says.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Last week, Smith lost her own Internet access at home about 10 minutes before class was supposed to start. After that, she decided to start working out of the empty school building. The loud, buzzing hallways she remembers, filled with young voices and bodies, are now silent. After a few minutes, the motion-sensitive lights go off.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>One thing she and her colleagues often think about is how they don't necessarily even know what their students look like.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"They could walk in my room, face-to-face, and I would have absolutely no idea,\" she says. \"I don't even know if I've heard their voices.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Before the pandemic, Murray of the Baltimore schools says he spent a lot of time doing things like getting uniforms for kids and making parents feel involved. Now, his job deals largely with technology issues — getting tablets and other equipment out to students' homes, assuming he has the correct address.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Otherwise, he spends much of his workday on the phone, trying to track down students who have fallen off the grid.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>On a recent day, he says he spent two hours — from 1:30 to 3:30 p.m. — trying to contact 13 kids. \"We have to, because there are still a number of students we haven't gotten, we haven't made contact with.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>There are wrong numbers, kids who are tracked down to a different state, and home visits — when they were happening — where no one comes to the door.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Echoing Smith's experience in rural Maryland, Murray says he thinks there is shame or embarrassment, from students or their families, behind those unanswered messages and knocks on the doors.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>And amid worries that some of the temporary student absences could become permanent, Murray says schools need to be relentless in their outreach efforts.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"You can't go in this like you're waiting and wishing for students to come back,\" he says. \"It's not going to happen.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cdiv class=\"fullattribution\">Copyright 2021 NPR. To see more, visit https://www.npr.org.\u003cimg src=\"https://www.google-analytics.com/__utm.gif?utmac=UA-5828686-4&utmdt=A+Quiet+And+%27Unsettling%27+Pandemic+Toll%3A+Students+Who%27ve+Fallen+Off+The+Grid&utme=8(APIKey)9(MDAxOTAwOTE4MDEyMTkxMDAzNjczZDljZA004)\">\u003c/div>\n\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>",
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"disqusTitle": "Fall College Enrollment Plummets For 1st-Year Students",
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"content": "\u003cp>All throughout high school, Brian Williams planned to go to college. But as the pandemic eroded the final moments of his senior year, the Stafford, Texas, student began to second-guess that plan.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"I'm terrible at online school,\" Williams says. He was barely interested in logging on for his final weeks of high school; being online for his first semester at Houston Community College felt unbearable.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"I know what works best for me, and doing stuff on the computer doesn't really stimulate me in the same way an actual class would.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Paying for college was always going to be hard, but it was even harder to justify the expense during a pandemic. \"We had no money for it,\" he says, \"and I'm not trying to go into debt and pay that for the rest of my life.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>He wondered if college in 2020 was \"really worth it.\" So he postponed and instead got a job at Jimmy John's so he could start saving up.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Williams is one of hundreds of thousands of students who decided to put off higher education this year. According to new data from the National Student Clearinghouse, \u003ca href=\"https://nscresearchcenter.org/current-term-enrollment-estimates/\">undergraduate enrollment this fall declined by 3.6% from the fall of 2019\u003c/a>. That's more than 560,000 students and twice the rate of enrollment decline seen last year. Most of that decline occurred at community colleges, where enrollment fell by more than 10%, or more than 544,000 students.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_57128\" class=\"wp-caption alignnone\" style=\"max-width: 1920px\">\u003cimg class=\"size-full wp-image-57128\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/23/2020/12/brian-williams_stafford-tx_005-27055c1661bf5c65708619eaf6e33521932af644-scaled-e1608281205646.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"1920\" height=\"1440\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Williams graduated from high school last spring. He thought he would go straight to college but second-guessed his plan after getting a taste of distance learning. \"I'm terrible at online school,\" he says. \u003ccite>(Scott Dalton for NPR)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>\"To see this level of decline all at once is so sudden and so dramatic,\" says Doug Shapiro, who leads the research center at the National Student Clearinghouse. \"It's completely unprecedented.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Students attending college for the first time represent one of the largest groups missing from college classes this fall, Shapiro says. For students who graduated from high school in the class of 2020, the number of graduates enrolling in college is \u003ca href=\"https://www.studentclearinghouse.org/nscblog/high-school-class-of-2020-college-enrollments-decline-22-compared-to-2019-class/\">down by 21.7% compared with last year\u003c/a>, based on preliminary data. For graduates at high-poverty high schools there was a 32.6% decline in attending college, compared with a 16.4% decline for graduates of low-poverty schools.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"That's a lot of individuals whose lives are on hold, whose career and educational aspirations are suspended,\" says Shapiro. \"You can almost think of this as an entire generation that will enter adulthood with lower education, lower skills, less employability, ultimately lower productivity.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Shapiro says the pandemic is largely to blame for this year's drastic declines, but it's also true that attending college has been on a decade-long downward trend. College enrollment nationwide \u003ca href=\"https://www.npr.org/2019/12/16/787909495/fewer-students-are-going-to-college-heres-why-that-matters\">fell 11% between 2011 and 2019\u003c/a>, the Clearinghouse found.\u003c/p>\n\u003ch1>Undergraduate And Graduate Student Enrollment Fell 2.5% From Fall\u003cspan class=\"widont\"> \u003c/span>2019\u003c/h1>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_57135\" class=\"wp-caption alignnone\" style=\"max-width: 600px\">\u003cimg class=\"wp-image-57135 size-full\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/23/2020/12/Undergraduate-and-Graduate-Enrollment.png\" alt=\"\" width=\"600\" height=\"343\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/23/2020/12/Undergraduate-and-Graduate-Enrollment.png 600w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/23/2020/12/Undergraduate-and-Graduate-Enrollment-160x91.png 160w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 600px) 100vw, 600px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">About 460,000 fewer students enrolled in U.S. colleges this fall than in fall 2019. Source: \u003ca href=\"https://nscresearchcenter.org/current-term-enrollment-estimates/\">National Student Clearinghouse Research Center\u003c/a> Credit: Daniel Wood and Connie Hanzhang Jin/NPR\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Fewer people going to college and getting a degree spells trouble for individual families, for communities and for the U.S. economy as a whole.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"There is a much larger implication here for the country,\" says Angel Pérez, who oversees the National Association for College Admission Counseling. \"The fact is if we lose an entire generation of young people in the pipeline to college, that will have an impact on our tax base. It will have an impact on an educated citizenry.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>\"A very bad financial time\"\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>For colleges, lower enrollment means fewer tuition dollars, which translates to a drop in revenue at a time when college budgets were already strained because of the pandemic.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Now, colleges have begun to tighten their belts. In October, Ithaca College, a private college in upstate New York, announced \u003ca href=\"https://theithacan.org/news/ic-to-cut-130-faculty-positions-due-to-low-enrollment/\">plans to cut about 130 faculty positions\u003c/a> to deal with falling enrollment. That's in addition to pandemic-related cuts the college made in April. Across the country institutions have announced \u003ca href=\"https://www.chronicle.com/article/were-tracking-employees-laid-off-or-furloughed-by-colleges/?cid2=gen_login_refresh&cid=gen_sign_in\">furloughs and layoffs\u003c/a>; they've \u003ca href=\"https://www.cbsnews.com/news/college-sports-cuts-gymnastics-swimming-pandemic-60-minutes-2020-12-06/\">canceled sports,\u003c/a> \u003ca href=\"https://kansaspublicradio.org/kpr-news/coronavirus-could-end-history-math-and-chemistry-majors-universities-kansas\">majors \u003c/a>and \u003ca href=\"https://www.burlingtonfreepress.com/story/news/2020/12/03/uvm-proposals-cut-12-majors-other-programs-respond-deficit/3806864001/\">even entire departments\u003c/a>. More than 50 universities have suspended admissions to their Ph.D. programs, \u003ca href=\"https://www.chronicle.com/article/more-doctoral-programs-suspend-admissions-that-could-have-lasting-effects-on-graduate-education?cid2=gen_login_refresh&cid=gen_sign_in\">\u003cem>The Chronicle of Higher Education\u003c/em> found\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"To be blunt, we are in a very bad financial time for higher education, and the most unfortunate part is I don't see that we have sort of reached the bottom yet,\" says Dominique Baker, a professor of education policy at Southern Methodist University in Dallas.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"What determines how bad this eventually gets are things like what is the federal government doing? How much funding does the federal government give out to states? How much funding does the federal government give out to individual higher education institutions to help them?\" she says. \"If we're not seeing a significant investment in higher education, this is going to become much more widespread.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Without federal or state money, colleges may look to increase tuition to offset budget shortfalls. In Florida, there's talk of \u003ca href=\"https://www.sun-sentinel.com/news/education/os-ne-florida-university-tuition-20201127-hqivzdfmd5eatk2atdyinnx4uy-story.html\">raising tuition\u003c/a> at public institutions for the first time in several years.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Even after the pandemic is over, colleges won't be out of the woods. They're still facing a demographic cliff. The number of U.S. high school graduates is expected to peak by 2025, buoyed by nonwhite students, then decline through the end of 2037, \u003ca href=\"https://knocking.wiche.edu/executive-summary/\">according to projections by the Western Interstate Commission for Higher Education\u003c/a>. In other words, the pool of eligible college students is shrinking.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"Historically, when colleges and universities had financial challenges, the answer was always to go to the chief enrollment officer and say, 'Bring us more students,\" Pérez explains. \"That option no longer exists.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>There are two bright spots in the new fall enrollment numbers: There were increases in enrollment at graduate schools — mainly in short-term certificate and master's programs, Shapiro says — and enrollment went up at for-profit colleges, many of which had previous experience with online learning, so were well-positioned to take on students during the pandemic.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>For-profit colleges have lower graduation rates compared to public colleges, \u003ca href=\"https://nces.ed.gov/programs/digest/d19/tables/dt19_326.10.asp\">federal data shows\u003c/a>. They tend to enroll the same types of students that go to community colleges, though tuition is often much higher. For-profits also \u003ca href=\"https://www.brookings.edu/research/commercials-for-college-advertising-in-higher-education/\">spend more on advertising\u003c/a>, a factor that may have enticed students uncertain about what college would look like at brick-and-mortar institutions. Baker worries that for-profits may have scooped up students who would otherwise have enrolled in community colleges.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"Community colleges do not have the money to market themselves in the way that a for-profit institution does,\" she says. \"They're just less nimble.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>A shock for community colleges\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>At community colleges, the financial situation is also less fixable. Budgets are already tight, and raising tuition goes against the core of their mission: to be an affordable, open-access institution.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"Community colleges are an area of higher education that our country, and often states, have systematically underfunded,\" Baker says. At the same time, she explains, \"they do the lion's share of educating students in the United States.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Low-income students are \u003ca href=\"https://ccrc.tc.columbia.edu/Community-College-FAQs.html#:~:text=How%20does%20the%20population%20of,Latino%2C%20and%2046%25%20White.\">more likely to attend community colleges\u003c/a>, as are nonwhite students. Baker says that when community colleges are hurting, it also hurts the students they serve.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"The financial situation, the enrollment situation, this is not an issue that is hitting all students in the same way,\" Baker says.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Historically, students flock to community colleges when unemployment is high. Bill Pink, the president of Grand Rapids Community College in Michigan, says that's what everyone expected to happen this year: \" 'Community colleges, you guys are going to clean up. You guys are not going to have room for all these people!' That is so wrong.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_57130\" class=\"wp-caption alignnone\" style=\"max-width: 1920px\">\u003cimg class=\"size-full wp-image-57130\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/23/2020/12/121320_npr_rileyborup_jt_010_slide-becc25d17ca349a131843754b6c455be49090855-scaled-e1608281757140.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"1920\" height=\"1280\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Riley Borup collects garbage bags at an apartment complex in Lynnwood, Wash. Frustrated by distance learning, Borup dropped out of his engineering program at Everett Community College to take a job as a trash collector. \u003ccite>(Jovelle Tamayo for NPR)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>In late September, Pink says, fall enrollment at GRCC was down about 9% from the year before. Pink sees a few factors influencing this drop. The biggest is finances — he says students and their families are squeezed right now, despite the low cost of tuition at most community colleges.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The other thing holding people back is the idea of learning online.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"Students say: 'You know what? Instead of trying to navigate online learning that I'm not really accustomed to, I'm just going to sit it out. I'm just going to work. I'm going to take a year or a semester off,'\" Pink explains.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>That's what Riley Borup decided this spring. He's in his late 20s, and after working as a plumber for his father for several years, he decided to enroll at Everett Community College, 40 minutes north of Seattle, to study engineering. In March, he was learning about circuit boards and enjoying it, but when classes shifted to virtual, it didn't take long for Borup to decide online learning wasn't for him.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"The circuit board, it would have been so much easier to do in person,\" he says. \"You do the Zoom thing and it's like, man, I want the professor to just point this out to me in person.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>With campus closed, his college routine was thrown into chaos.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"I looked at college like a full-time job,\" Borup says. \"I'd try to stay on campus for at least 40 hours a week.\" At home, he had trouble focusing. There were dogs and roommates to distract him. So Borup decided to withdraw from school and pick up a job as a part-time garbage collector to pass the time and pay the rent.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_57131\" class=\"wp-caption alignnone\" style=\"max-width: 1920px\">\u003cimg class=\"size-full wp-image-57131\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/23/2020/12/121320_npr_rileyborup_jt_016_slide-b17c2403c87f40454fe8727f830b90dd9acbb82e-scaled-e1608281797573.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"1920\" height=\"1280\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Borup plans to return to school this spring, but he says some days he loses faith that he'll ever get his degree. \"It's definitely like an internal battle.\" \u003ccite>(Jovelle Tamayo for NPR)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>He says there are some days when he loses faith that he'll ever go back to school. \"It's definitely like an internal battle where sometimes I'm like, 'I might just join the military,' \" he says. \"But then I'm like, 'This is my goal. I'm going to stick with it.' And I've told a lot of people, family, friends, so it's kind of for them.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Plus, he adds, \"I wouldn't respect myself if I just dropped off. I've already put over a year into it, so it's like I'm not going to waste the last year.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Borup says he is \"very aware\" of the delay this break is causing — instead of getting a degree in 2023, graduation in 2024 is more likely. The plan for now is to take one online class in the spring to see if he can ease back in.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Losing a generation\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>For Catalina Cifuentes, who works to promote college access in Riverside County, east of Los Angeles, the number of students who decided not to go to college worries her. \"It really does feel like we're losing a generation,\" she says.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The students in her county are mostly from low-income families, and many would be the first in their family to go to college. \"They don't know what they don't know,\" she says. \"They don't know that research shows the longer you're out of school, the less likely you are to return.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Some of her students are calling their break a \"gap year,\" but Cifuentes says it's not the kind of gap year wealthier students might experience. \"They're working, and their families are getting used to that extra paycheck. That's going to be really hard to give up for school.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>When she thinks back to the spring, Cifuentes isn't surprised so many 2020 high school graduates didn't enroll in college this fall.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"We were in survival mode. We went into making sure students had food, housing, basic needs,\" she says. \"Things like college and college applications, they take a backseat.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>And she's seeing the same pattern play out for this year's high school seniors, the class of 2021. \"We're trying to get them to come to class, to log on. If it was bad in the spring and summer for college conversations, this is worse. We were in the back seat before. Now we're outside of the car.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>There is data to support Cifuentes' concerns about this year's seniors. As of Dec. 4, the number of students who had filled out the Free Application for Federal Student Aid, or FAFSA, \u003ca href=\"https://public.tableau.com/profile/bill.debaun.national.college.access.network#!/vizhome/FormYourFutureFAFSATracker/HomePage\">was down 14%\u003c/a> compared with the same time last year. The drop is even more dramatic among low-income and nonwhite students. Colleges, \u003ca href=\"https://www2.calstate.edu/apply\">including the 23 campuses in the California State system\u003c/a>, pushed back their application deadlines to allow more students to apply.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>For her part, Cifuentes and her staff have been taking to the phones, calling students to help them with their college applications. And she's not giving up on the class of 2020 either. \"I'm really hopeful that students will go back,\" she says. \"It's not too late.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Brian Williams, who decided to forgo college in Houston and is now working at Jimmy John's, says he's \"working long hours and saving a lot of money.\" He's recently been promoted to manager, and though he's enjoying the bigger paycheck and more responsibility, he hasn't given up on the idea of getting his degree.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"So far this year I've really grown mentally and financially,\" he says, \"and when the time comes for college, I'll be ready.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>He says he plans to enroll at his local community college next fall.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad floatright]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>Education Desk intern Marco Treviño contributed to this report.\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\u003cdiv class=\"fullattribution\">Copyright 2020 NPR. To see more, visit https://www.npr.org.\u003cimg src=\"https://www.google-analytics.com/__utm.gif?utmac=UA-5828686-4&utmdt=%27Losing+A+Generation%27%3A+Fall+College+Enrollment+Plummets+For+1st-Year+Students&utme=8(APIKey)9(MDAxOTAwOTE4MDEyMTkxMDAzNjczZDljZA004)\">\u003c/div>\n\n",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>All throughout high school, Brian Williams planned to go to college. But as the pandemic eroded the final moments of his senior year, the Stafford, Texas, student began to second-guess that plan.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"I'm terrible at online school,\" Williams says. He was barely interested in logging on for his final weeks of high school; being online for his first semester at Houston Community College felt unbearable.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"I know what works best for me, and doing stuff on the computer doesn't really stimulate me in the same way an actual class would.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Paying for college was always going to be hard, but it was even harder to justify the expense during a pandemic. \"We had no money for it,\" he says, \"and I'm not trying to go into debt and pay that for the rest of my life.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>He wondered if college in 2020 was \"really worth it.\" So he postponed and instead got a job at Jimmy John's so he could start saving up.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Williams is one of hundreds of thousands of students who decided to put off higher education this year. According to new data from the National Student Clearinghouse, \u003ca href=\"https://nscresearchcenter.org/current-term-enrollment-estimates/\">undergraduate enrollment this fall declined by 3.6% from the fall of 2019\u003c/a>. That's more than 560,000 students and twice the rate of enrollment decline seen last year. Most of that decline occurred at community colleges, where enrollment fell by more than 10%, or more than 544,000 students.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_57128\" class=\"wp-caption alignnone\" style=\"max-width: 1920px\">\u003cimg class=\"size-full wp-image-57128\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/23/2020/12/brian-williams_stafford-tx_005-27055c1661bf5c65708619eaf6e33521932af644-scaled-e1608281205646.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"1920\" height=\"1440\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Williams graduated from high school last spring. He thought he would go straight to college but second-guessed his plan after getting a taste of distance learning. \"I'm terrible at online school,\" he says. \u003ccite>(Scott Dalton for NPR)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>\"To see this level of decline all at once is so sudden and so dramatic,\" says Doug Shapiro, who leads the research center at the National Student Clearinghouse. \"It's completely unprecedented.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Students attending college for the first time represent one of the largest groups missing from college classes this fall, Shapiro says. For students who graduated from high school in the class of 2020, the number of graduates enrolling in college is \u003ca href=\"https://www.studentclearinghouse.org/nscblog/high-school-class-of-2020-college-enrollments-decline-22-compared-to-2019-class/\">down by 21.7% compared with last year\u003c/a>, based on preliminary data. For graduates at high-poverty high schools there was a 32.6% decline in attending college, compared with a 16.4% decline for graduates of low-poverty schools.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"That's a lot of individuals whose lives are on hold, whose career and educational aspirations are suspended,\" says Shapiro. \"You can almost think of this as an entire generation that will enter adulthood with lower education, lower skills, less employability, ultimately lower productivity.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Shapiro says the pandemic is largely to blame for this year's drastic declines, but it's also true that attending college has been on a decade-long downward trend. College enrollment nationwide \u003ca href=\"https://www.npr.org/2019/12/16/787909495/fewer-students-are-going-to-college-heres-why-that-matters\">fell 11% between 2011 and 2019\u003c/a>, the Clearinghouse found.\u003c/p>\n\u003ch1>Undergraduate And Graduate Student Enrollment Fell 2.5% From Fall\u003cspan class=\"widont\"> \u003c/span>2019\u003c/h1>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_57135\" class=\"wp-caption alignnone\" style=\"max-width: 600px\">\u003cimg class=\"wp-image-57135 size-full\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/23/2020/12/Undergraduate-and-Graduate-Enrollment.png\" alt=\"\" width=\"600\" height=\"343\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/23/2020/12/Undergraduate-and-Graduate-Enrollment.png 600w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/23/2020/12/Undergraduate-and-Graduate-Enrollment-160x91.png 160w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 600px) 100vw, 600px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">About 460,000 fewer students enrolled in U.S. colleges this fall than in fall 2019. Source: \u003ca href=\"https://nscresearchcenter.org/current-term-enrollment-estimates/\">National Student Clearinghouse Research Center\u003c/a> Credit: Daniel Wood and Connie Hanzhang Jin/NPR\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Fewer people going to college and getting a degree spells trouble for individual families, for communities and for the U.S. economy as a whole.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"There is a much larger implication here for the country,\" says Angel Pérez, who oversees the National Association for College Admission Counseling. \"The fact is if we lose an entire generation of young people in the pipeline to college, that will have an impact on our tax base. It will have an impact on an educated citizenry.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>\"A very bad financial time\"\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>For colleges, lower enrollment means fewer tuition dollars, which translates to a drop in revenue at a time when college budgets were already strained because of the pandemic.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Now, colleges have begun to tighten their belts. In October, Ithaca College, a private college in upstate New York, announced \u003ca href=\"https://theithacan.org/news/ic-to-cut-130-faculty-positions-due-to-low-enrollment/\">plans to cut about 130 faculty positions\u003c/a> to deal with falling enrollment. That's in addition to pandemic-related cuts the college made in April. Across the country institutions have announced \u003ca href=\"https://www.chronicle.com/article/were-tracking-employees-laid-off-or-furloughed-by-colleges/?cid2=gen_login_refresh&cid=gen_sign_in\">furloughs and layoffs\u003c/a>; they've \u003ca href=\"https://www.cbsnews.com/news/college-sports-cuts-gymnastics-swimming-pandemic-60-minutes-2020-12-06/\">canceled sports,\u003c/a> \u003ca href=\"https://kansaspublicradio.org/kpr-news/coronavirus-could-end-history-math-and-chemistry-majors-universities-kansas\">majors \u003c/a>and \u003ca href=\"https://www.burlingtonfreepress.com/story/news/2020/12/03/uvm-proposals-cut-12-majors-other-programs-respond-deficit/3806864001/\">even entire departments\u003c/a>. More than 50 universities have suspended admissions to their Ph.D. programs, \u003ca href=\"https://www.chronicle.com/article/more-doctoral-programs-suspend-admissions-that-could-have-lasting-effects-on-graduate-education?cid2=gen_login_refresh&cid=gen_sign_in\">\u003cem>The Chronicle of Higher Education\u003c/em> found\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"To be blunt, we are in a very bad financial time for higher education, and the most unfortunate part is I don't see that we have sort of reached the bottom yet,\" says Dominique Baker, a professor of education policy at Southern Methodist University in Dallas.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"What determines how bad this eventually gets are things like what is the federal government doing? How much funding does the federal government give out to states? How much funding does the federal government give out to individual higher education institutions to help them?\" she says. \"If we're not seeing a significant investment in higher education, this is going to become much more widespread.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Without federal or state money, colleges may look to increase tuition to offset budget shortfalls. In Florida, there's talk of \u003ca href=\"https://www.sun-sentinel.com/news/education/os-ne-florida-university-tuition-20201127-hqivzdfmd5eatk2atdyinnx4uy-story.html\">raising tuition\u003c/a> at public institutions for the first time in several years.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Even after the pandemic is over, colleges won't be out of the woods. They're still facing a demographic cliff. The number of U.S. high school graduates is expected to peak by 2025, buoyed by nonwhite students, then decline through the end of 2037, \u003ca href=\"https://knocking.wiche.edu/executive-summary/\">according to projections by the Western Interstate Commission for Higher Education\u003c/a>. In other words, the pool of eligible college students is shrinking.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"Historically, when colleges and universities had financial challenges, the answer was always to go to the chief enrollment officer and say, 'Bring us more students,\" Pérez explains. \"That option no longer exists.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>There are two bright spots in the new fall enrollment numbers: There were increases in enrollment at graduate schools — mainly in short-term certificate and master's programs, Shapiro says — and enrollment went up at for-profit colleges, many of which had previous experience with online learning, so were well-positioned to take on students during the pandemic.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>For-profit colleges have lower graduation rates compared to public colleges, \u003ca href=\"https://nces.ed.gov/programs/digest/d19/tables/dt19_326.10.asp\">federal data shows\u003c/a>. They tend to enroll the same types of students that go to community colleges, though tuition is often much higher. For-profits also \u003ca href=\"https://www.brookings.edu/research/commercials-for-college-advertising-in-higher-education/\">spend more on advertising\u003c/a>, a factor that may have enticed students uncertain about what college would look like at brick-and-mortar institutions. Baker worries that for-profits may have scooped up students who would otherwise have enrolled in community colleges.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"Community colleges do not have the money to market themselves in the way that a for-profit institution does,\" she says. \"They're just less nimble.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>A shock for community colleges\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>At community colleges, the financial situation is also less fixable. Budgets are already tight, and raising tuition goes against the core of their mission: to be an affordable, open-access institution.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"Community colleges are an area of higher education that our country, and often states, have systematically underfunded,\" Baker says. At the same time, she explains, \"they do the lion's share of educating students in the United States.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Low-income students are \u003ca href=\"https://ccrc.tc.columbia.edu/Community-College-FAQs.html#:~:text=How%20does%20the%20population%20of,Latino%2C%20and%2046%25%20White.\">more likely to attend community colleges\u003c/a>, as are nonwhite students. Baker says that when community colleges are hurting, it also hurts the students they serve.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"The financial situation, the enrollment situation, this is not an issue that is hitting all students in the same way,\" Baker says.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Historically, students flock to community colleges when unemployment is high. Bill Pink, the president of Grand Rapids Community College in Michigan, says that's what everyone expected to happen this year: \" 'Community colleges, you guys are going to clean up. You guys are not going to have room for all these people!' That is so wrong.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_57130\" class=\"wp-caption alignnone\" style=\"max-width: 1920px\">\u003cimg class=\"size-full wp-image-57130\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/23/2020/12/121320_npr_rileyborup_jt_010_slide-becc25d17ca349a131843754b6c455be49090855-scaled-e1608281757140.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"1920\" height=\"1280\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Riley Borup collects garbage bags at an apartment complex in Lynnwood, Wash. Frustrated by distance learning, Borup dropped out of his engineering program at Everett Community College to take a job as a trash collector. \u003ccite>(Jovelle Tamayo for NPR)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>In late September, Pink says, fall enrollment at GRCC was down about 9% from the year before. Pink sees a few factors influencing this drop. The biggest is finances — he says students and their families are squeezed right now, despite the low cost of tuition at most community colleges.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The other thing holding people back is the idea of learning online.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"Students say: 'You know what? Instead of trying to navigate online learning that I'm not really accustomed to, I'm just going to sit it out. I'm just going to work. I'm going to take a year or a semester off,'\" Pink explains.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>That's what Riley Borup decided this spring. He's in his late 20s, and after working as a plumber for his father for several years, he decided to enroll at Everett Community College, 40 minutes north of Seattle, to study engineering. In March, he was learning about circuit boards and enjoying it, but when classes shifted to virtual, it didn't take long for Borup to decide online learning wasn't for him.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"The circuit board, it would have been so much easier to do in person,\" he says. \"You do the Zoom thing and it's like, man, I want the professor to just point this out to me in person.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>With campus closed, his college routine was thrown into chaos.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"I looked at college like a full-time job,\" Borup says. \"I'd try to stay on campus for at least 40 hours a week.\" At home, he had trouble focusing. There were dogs and roommates to distract him. So Borup decided to withdraw from school and pick up a job as a part-time garbage collector to pass the time and pay the rent.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_57131\" class=\"wp-caption alignnone\" style=\"max-width: 1920px\">\u003cimg class=\"size-full wp-image-57131\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/23/2020/12/121320_npr_rileyborup_jt_016_slide-b17c2403c87f40454fe8727f830b90dd9acbb82e-scaled-e1608281797573.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"1920\" height=\"1280\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Borup plans to return to school this spring, but he says some days he loses faith that he'll ever get his degree. \"It's definitely like an internal battle.\" \u003ccite>(Jovelle Tamayo for NPR)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>He says there are some days when he loses faith that he'll ever go back to school. \"It's definitely like an internal battle where sometimes I'm like, 'I might just join the military,' \" he says. \"But then I'm like, 'This is my goal. I'm going to stick with it.' And I've told a lot of people, family, friends, so it's kind of for them.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Plus, he adds, \"I wouldn't respect myself if I just dropped off. I've already put over a year into it, so it's like I'm not going to waste the last year.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Borup says he is \"very aware\" of the delay this break is causing — instead of getting a degree in 2023, graduation in 2024 is more likely. The plan for now is to take one online class in the spring to see if he can ease back in.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Losing a generation\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>For Catalina Cifuentes, who works to promote college access in Riverside County, east of Los Angeles, the number of students who decided not to go to college worries her. \"It really does feel like we're losing a generation,\" she says.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The students in her county are mostly from low-income families, and many would be the first in their family to go to college. \"They don't know what they don't know,\" she says. \"They don't know that research shows the longer you're out of school, the less likely you are to return.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Some of her students are calling their break a \"gap year,\" but Cifuentes says it's not the kind of gap year wealthier students might experience. \"They're working, and their families are getting used to that extra paycheck. That's going to be really hard to give up for school.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>When she thinks back to the spring, Cifuentes isn't surprised so many 2020 high school graduates didn't enroll in college this fall.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"We were in survival mode. We went into making sure students had food, housing, basic needs,\" she says. \"Things like college and college applications, they take a backseat.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>And she's seeing the same pattern play out for this year's high school seniors, the class of 2021. \"We're trying to get them to come to class, to log on. If it was bad in the spring and summer for college conversations, this is worse. We were in the back seat before. Now we're outside of the car.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>There is data to support Cifuentes' concerns about this year's seniors. As of Dec. 4, the number of students who had filled out the Free Application for Federal Student Aid, or FAFSA, \u003ca href=\"https://public.tableau.com/profile/bill.debaun.national.college.access.network#!/vizhome/FormYourFutureFAFSATracker/HomePage\">was down 14%\u003c/a> compared with the same time last year. The drop is even more dramatic among low-income and nonwhite students. Colleges, \u003ca href=\"https://www2.calstate.edu/apply\">including the 23 campuses in the California State system\u003c/a>, pushed back their application deadlines to allow more students to apply.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>For her part, Cifuentes and her staff have been taking to the phones, calling students to help them with their college applications. And she's not giving up on the class of 2020 either. \"I'm really hopeful that students will go back,\" she says. \"It's not too late.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Brian Williams, who decided to forgo college in Houston and is now working at Jimmy John's, says he's \"working long hours and saving a lot of money.\" He's recently been promoted to manager, and though he's enjoying the bigger paycheck and more responsibility, he hasn't given up on the idea of getting his degree.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"So far this year I've really grown mentally and financially,\" he says, \"and when the time comes for college, I'll be ready.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>He says he plans to enroll at his local community college next fall.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>Education Desk intern Marco Treviño contributed to this report.\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\u003cdiv class=\"fullattribution\">Copyright 2020 NPR. To see more, visit https://www.npr.org.\u003cimg src=\"https://www.google-analytics.com/__utm.gif?utmac=UA-5828686-4&utmdt=%27Losing+A+Generation%27%3A+Fall+College+Enrollment+Plummets+For+1st-Year+Students&utme=8(APIKey)9(MDAxOTAwOTE4MDEyMTkxMDAzNjczZDljZA004)\">\u003c/div>\n\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>",
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"disqusTitle": "5 Things We've Learned About Virtual School During the Pandemic",
"title": "5 Things We've Learned About Virtual School During the Pandemic",
"headTitle": "MindShift | KQED News",
"content": "\u003cp>Deborah Rosenthal starts her virtual kindergarten class on Zoom every morning with a song — today, it's the Spanish version of \"If You're Happy and You Know It.\" Her students clap along. There's a greeting from the class mascot (a dragon), yoga, meditation and then some practice with letter sounds: \"Oso, oso, O, O, O.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Rosenthal teaches Spanish immersion in a public school in San Francisco's Mission District. Most of the families are low-income, and many are now affected by job losses related to COVID-19. She has taught kindergarten for 15 years, and she loves how \"hands-on,\" \"tactile\" and \"cozy\" it is to work with 5-year-olds.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But this year, she's spending 10 or 12 hours a day on, basically, her own home production of \u003cem>Mister Rogers' Neighborhood en Español. \u003c/em>\"It's a very two-dimensional experience,\" she says.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Few people would tell you that online kindergarten was a good idea, or frankly even possible. That was before 2020. The number has fluctuated as cases rise across the country, but throughout this fall pandemic semester, between 40% and 60% of students have been enrolled in districts that offer only remote learning, according to a tracker maintained by the company Burbio.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>And even in hybrid districts, some students have been learning remotely, either part or full time. In short, online learning is the reality for a majority of students this fall.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>We are still starved for data on what this all means. The earliest \u003ca href=\"https://www.npr.org/sections/coronavirus-live-updates/2020/12/01/938048852/some-good-news-student-reading-gains-are-steady-while-math-slows-down\">standardized test \u003c/a>scores coming out show modest learning loss for students in math, but there are worries that the most at-risk students are not being tested at all.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>For this story I talked to educators in six states, from California to South Carolina. For the most part they say things have improved since the spring. But they are close to burnout, with only a patchwork of support. They say the heart of the job right now is getting students connected with school and keeping them that way — both technologically and even more importantly, emotionally. Here are five lessons learned so far:\u003c/p>\n\u003ch2>\u003cstrong>1. The digital divide is still big and complex. \u003c/strong>\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>Eight months after schools first shut down, how many students still can't sign on? We don't really know, and that's a problem, says Nicol Turner Lee, director of the Center for Technology Innovation at the Brookings Institution. \"We've not done a really great job in aggregating the data as to how many kids are still disconnected,\" she adds. \"It's very disappointing as well as concerning.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The National Education Association \u003ca href=\"https://www.nea.org/resource-library/digital-divide-and-homework-gap-your-state\">recently reported,\u003c/a> based on pre-pandemic census data, that one quarter of households with children ages 5 to 17 lacked either high-speed Wi-Fi, a computer or both. For households near the poverty line, the number was closer to half.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>That figure may have gotten better. Many districts have scrambled to distribute their classroom laptops to families, to buy portable hot spots, and call on private and corporate donations. But there are still gaps.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Partly, that's because there hasn't been any pandemic federal stimulus aid to public schools since April. State revenue is down, too. For example, Richard Carranza, chancellor of New York City public schools, said last month that 60,000 of the district's 1.1 million students are still missing devices — about 5.5%.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Lee at Brookings is working on a book about the digital divide, and she says it's multidimensional. There's housing: Lose your home and you lose your broadband connection. There are backlogs of items such as Chromebooks.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Then there's infrastructure.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"That rural Internet divide is real. I mean it's a real problem right now in America,\" says Caroline Weathers, who teaches in a small town in South Carolina. Her district gave out hot spots, but in some places they didn't work because there wasn't cell service from the major carriers.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>And the digital divide is about more than equipment. Rosenthal's school in San Francisco, Buena Vista Horace Mann, is a community school, meaning there are wraparound services, including lots of help with technology.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Despite all that, she didn't make contact with one of her students until 2 1/2 months into the school year. That's so even though her mother had come to school to pick up a laptop and hot spot. \"The little girl was going to a babysitter that was not literate,\" Rosenthal says. \"And so nobody could help this child get onto a computer.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Another of her students has a single mother who works cleaning hotel rooms; the girl goes along and often joins the class from her mother's smartphone. Because of barriers such as these, although attendance on her daily Zooms is high, Rosenthal says no more than a fourth of her students have been accessing the written assignments.\u003c/p>\n\u003ch2>\u003cstrong>2. Relationships are everything when it comes to keeping kids engaged remotely. \u003c/strong>\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>Successful schools are using every adult on the team and every form of communication possible. Theresa Rouse is the superintendent of Joliet Public Schools District 86 in Illinois, where a majority of the students are low-income and either Latino or Black. She says their focus has been on relationships.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The district spent the first three weeks of the school year focusing just on social and emotional learning. Educators communicate expectations to parents and teachers by email, calls, texts, over social media, YouTube videos and podcasts.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>And, Rouse says, any adult at a school — from teachers, to the assistant principal, to a school counselor or social worker — might drop in during video class to show they care: \"If they're seeing a student that looks distressed, they pull them aside into a breakout room, have a conversation.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In South Carolina, Weathers usually teaches science at St. George Middle School. This year she created a new role for herself, helping families — sometimes with an app that parents can download to track kids' grades, or with strategies to build kids' executive function skills so they can succeed in remote learning. She says she'd like to continue the role going forward, making parents more active partners in their kids' education and taking learning out into the community as well.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"We could take this as a learning moment,\" Weathers says. \"Now we have the parents' attention. So maybe now is the time to really reach out and say, 'This is what we need you to do on your end, and we'll take care of this on our end.' And in 10 years, we might see something entirely different in education in the country if we did that.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003ch2>\u003cstrong>3. Digital teaching can be good, even great with the right support for teachers. But that's far from the norm. \u003c/strong>\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>Districts such as Weathers' and Rouse's are working with the Digital Learning Collaborative, a nonprofit that is dedicated to best practices in digital learning.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Rouse, in Joliet, calls its training \"pretty fabulous\" and essential to her district's transition from teaching mainly through paper packets in the spring to full-on remote using Google Classroom this fall. The training \"was more intense than [teachers] expected it would be, but that's OK because teaching online is more intense than people anticipate as well.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Another organization, Cadence, \u003ca href=\"https://www.npr.org/2020/07/25/895329194/national-summer-school-initiative-aims-to-improve-online-teaching\">is also trying\u003c/a> to improve digital teaching at scale. It pairs \"mentor teachers\" with \"partner teachers\" to deliver a standardized curriculum in reading, math and science. The teaching is a high-intensity blend of video lessons, active classroom instruction with breakout sessions, and software-based practice.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Olyvia Kozicki teaches fifth grade at Augustine Prep, a nondenominational private school in Milwaukee, and is a Cadence partner teacher for English language arts. She says she's overjoyed at the quality and quantity of work her students are producing. It's not only more than she expected from online teaching, \"it's more just in general.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Twice a week, she meets with other Cadence teachers from around the country who are also teaching the exact same material on the same timetable. She says that makes it the most practical and actionable professional education she's ever had.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"When we switched to virtual, it was very overwhelming, and it seemed like such a daunting task,\" she says. And now \"I am so happy with what the kids have been able to do.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Justin Reich says Kozicki's experience is unusual for teachers this year. Reich is an expert on educational technology at Massachusetts Institute of Technology and the author of the new book \u003cem>Failure to Disrupt: Why Technology Alone Can't Transform Education. \u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>He says that across the country this fall, \"I've heard very little evidence of innovation.\" Even moves that might seem relatively simple, such as adopting a free, online university-level course for use by high school students, aren't happening often. Mostly, he adds, districts are trying to re-create classroom teaching routines online with varying levels of success.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"I don't think it's getting better because there are major approaches that people have figured out or there's a model that's sort of spreading around,\" he says. Nor is there a lot of leadership or direction on improving online learning coming from the federal Department of Education or anyone else.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Instead, Reich says, what improvement there has been since spring comes mainly from teachers such as Rosenthal — putting in long hours and learning as they go. \"It's just kind of folks sanding down one little rough edge at a time.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003ch2>\u003cstrong>4. Hybrid models are extremely challenging. \u003c/strong>\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>At last count, according to Burbio, 17.5% of districts were offering school in person just a few days a week, with students learning from home the rest of the time. The purpose was to maintain social distancing by reducing class sizes, but the model has created confusion and constant interruptions. Many students are struggling to adjust to classroom routines when they may attend only five days out of three weeks.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Depending on available staffing, teachers, meanwhile, may be yelling through a mask and face shield to be heard by students over Zoom. Jennifer Echols is the director of online and personalized learning for Mesa Public Schools, the largest school district in Arizona. She calls this model \"one of the biggest challenges\" in remote learning right now. Randi Weingarten, president of the American Federation of Teachers, has called for this \"hybrid\" model to be phased out. \"Hybrid doesn't work,\" Weingarten says flatly. \"You can't livestream and teach in person at the same time.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003ch2>\u003cstrong>5. Some kids are not learning much online. They'll be playing catch-up in years to come. \u003c/strong>\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>There are some anecdotes of children who are thriving with remote learning. \"There's [approximately] 10% of people for whom it works better,\" Reich says. And for these students, \"this is actually a better version of school.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Maybe they had school anxiety, he explains, or were victims of bullying or discrimination, or have sensory issues and enjoy having more control over their learning environment.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But districts including Houston, St. Paul, Minn., and Fairfax County, Va., have reported historically high failure rates this fall.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Echols, in Arizona, says both attendance and engagement in online learning is suffering. \"Some kids have had difficulty just paying attention and keeping themselves focused.\" In other cases, she adds, \"we have families where parents are working, and there's not the appropriate supervision for young learners, or children that need to be babysitting siblings during the school day.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>What keeps Rosenthal up at night are the kids she just can't reach. Every year, she says, out of a class of 20 or 21, there are five or six students who show up unprepared for kindergarten.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"They're struggling, but at least they're with me all day long. And so I can support them six or seven hours a day.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad floatright]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>This year, she sees most of her students learning and growing despite all the obstacles. But those five or six who started out behind aren't getting much of anywhere.\u003c/p>\n\u003cdiv class=\"fullattribution\">Copyright 2020 NPR. To see more, visit https://www.npr.org.\u003cimg src=\"https://www.google-analytics.com/__utm.gif?utmac=UA-5828686-4&utmdt=5+Things+We%27ve+Learned+About+Virtual+School+In+2020&utme=8(APIKey)9(MDAxOTAwOTE4MDEyMTkxMDAzNjczZDljZA004)\">\u003c/div>\n\n",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>Deborah Rosenthal starts her virtual kindergarten class on Zoom every morning with a song — today, it's the Spanish version of \"If You're Happy and You Know It.\" Her students clap along. There's a greeting from the class mascot (a dragon), yoga, meditation and then some practice with letter sounds: \"Oso, oso, O, O, O.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Rosenthal teaches Spanish immersion in a public school in San Francisco's Mission District. Most of the families are low-income, and many are now affected by job losses related to COVID-19. She has taught kindergarten for 15 years, and she loves how \"hands-on,\" \"tactile\" and \"cozy\" it is to work with 5-year-olds.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But this year, she's spending 10 or 12 hours a day on, basically, her own home production of \u003cem>Mister Rogers' Neighborhood en Español. \u003c/em>\"It's a very two-dimensional experience,\" she says.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Few people would tell you that online kindergarten was a good idea, or frankly even possible. That was before 2020. The number has fluctuated as cases rise across the country, but throughout this fall pandemic semester, between 40% and 60% of students have been enrolled in districts that offer only remote learning, according to a tracker maintained by the company Burbio.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>And even in hybrid districts, some students have been learning remotely, either part or full time. In short, online learning is the reality for a majority of students this fall.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>We are still starved for data on what this all means. The earliest \u003ca href=\"https://www.npr.org/sections/coronavirus-live-updates/2020/12/01/938048852/some-good-news-student-reading-gains-are-steady-while-math-slows-down\">standardized test \u003c/a>scores coming out show modest learning loss for students in math, but there are worries that the most at-risk students are not being tested at all.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>For this story I talked to educators in six states, from California to South Carolina. For the most part they say things have improved since the spring. But they are close to burnout, with only a patchwork of support. They say the heart of the job right now is getting students connected with school and keeping them that way — both technologically and even more importantly, emotionally. Here are five lessons learned so far:\u003c/p>\n\u003ch2>\u003cstrong>1. The digital divide is still big and complex. \u003c/strong>\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>Eight months after schools first shut down, how many students still can't sign on? We don't really know, and that's a problem, says Nicol Turner Lee, director of the Center for Technology Innovation at the Brookings Institution. \"We've not done a really great job in aggregating the data as to how many kids are still disconnected,\" she adds. \"It's very disappointing as well as concerning.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The National Education Association \u003ca href=\"https://www.nea.org/resource-library/digital-divide-and-homework-gap-your-state\">recently reported,\u003c/a> based on pre-pandemic census data, that one quarter of households with children ages 5 to 17 lacked either high-speed Wi-Fi, a computer or both. For households near the poverty line, the number was closer to half.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>That figure may have gotten better. Many districts have scrambled to distribute their classroom laptops to families, to buy portable hot spots, and call on private and corporate donations. But there are still gaps.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Partly, that's because there hasn't been any pandemic federal stimulus aid to public schools since April. State revenue is down, too. For example, Richard Carranza, chancellor of New York City public schools, said last month that 60,000 of the district's 1.1 million students are still missing devices — about 5.5%.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Lee at Brookings is working on a book about the digital divide, and she says it's multidimensional. There's housing: Lose your home and you lose your broadband connection. There are backlogs of items such as Chromebooks.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Then there's infrastructure.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"That rural Internet divide is real. I mean it's a real problem right now in America,\" says Caroline Weathers, who teaches in a small town in South Carolina. Her district gave out hot spots, but in some places they didn't work because there wasn't cell service from the major carriers.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>And the digital divide is about more than equipment. Rosenthal's school in San Francisco, Buena Vista Horace Mann, is a community school, meaning there are wraparound services, including lots of help with technology.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Despite all that, she didn't make contact with one of her students until 2 1/2 months into the school year. That's so even though her mother had come to school to pick up a laptop and hot spot. \"The little girl was going to a babysitter that was not literate,\" Rosenthal says. \"And so nobody could help this child get onto a computer.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Another of her students has a single mother who works cleaning hotel rooms; the girl goes along and often joins the class from her mother's smartphone. Because of barriers such as these, although attendance on her daily Zooms is high, Rosenthal says no more than a fourth of her students have been accessing the written assignments.\u003c/p>\n\u003ch2>\u003cstrong>2. Relationships are everything when it comes to keeping kids engaged remotely. \u003c/strong>\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>Successful schools are using every adult on the team and every form of communication possible. Theresa Rouse is the superintendent of Joliet Public Schools District 86 in Illinois, where a majority of the students are low-income and either Latino or Black. She says their focus has been on relationships.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The district spent the first three weeks of the school year focusing just on social and emotional learning. Educators communicate expectations to parents and teachers by email, calls, texts, over social media, YouTube videos and podcasts.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>And, Rouse says, any adult at a school — from teachers, to the assistant principal, to a school counselor or social worker — might drop in during video class to show they care: \"If they're seeing a student that looks distressed, they pull them aside into a breakout room, have a conversation.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In South Carolina, Weathers usually teaches science at St. George Middle School. This year she created a new role for herself, helping families — sometimes with an app that parents can download to track kids' grades, or with strategies to build kids' executive function skills so they can succeed in remote learning. She says she'd like to continue the role going forward, making parents more active partners in their kids' education and taking learning out into the community as well.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"We could take this as a learning moment,\" Weathers says. \"Now we have the parents' attention. So maybe now is the time to really reach out and say, 'This is what we need you to do on your end, and we'll take care of this on our end.' And in 10 years, we might see something entirely different in education in the country if we did that.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003ch2>\u003cstrong>3. Digital teaching can be good, even great with the right support for teachers. But that's far from the norm. \u003c/strong>\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>Districts such as Weathers' and Rouse's are working with the Digital Learning Collaborative, a nonprofit that is dedicated to best practices in digital learning.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Rouse, in Joliet, calls its training \"pretty fabulous\" and essential to her district's transition from teaching mainly through paper packets in the spring to full-on remote using Google Classroom this fall. The training \"was more intense than [teachers] expected it would be, but that's OK because teaching online is more intense than people anticipate as well.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Another organization, Cadence, \u003ca href=\"https://www.npr.org/2020/07/25/895329194/national-summer-school-initiative-aims-to-improve-online-teaching\">is also trying\u003c/a> to improve digital teaching at scale. It pairs \"mentor teachers\" with \"partner teachers\" to deliver a standardized curriculum in reading, math and science. The teaching is a high-intensity blend of video lessons, active classroom instruction with breakout sessions, and software-based practice.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Olyvia Kozicki teaches fifth grade at Augustine Prep, a nondenominational private school in Milwaukee, and is a Cadence partner teacher for English language arts. She says she's overjoyed at the quality and quantity of work her students are producing. It's not only more than she expected from online teaching, \"it's more just in general.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Twice a week, she meets with other Cadence teachers from around the country who are also teaching the exact same material on the same timetable. She says that makes it the most practical and actionable professional education she's ever had.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"When we switched to virtual, it was very overwhelming, and it seemed like such a daunting task,\" she says. And now \"I am so happy with what the kids have been able to do.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Justin Reich says Kozicki's experience is unusual for teachers this year. Reich is an expert on educational technology at Massachusetts Institute of Technology and the author of the new book \u003cem>Failure to Disrupt: Why Technology Alone Can't Transform Education. \u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>He says that across the country this fall, \"I've heard very little evidence of innovation.\" Even moves that might seem relatively simple, such as adopting a free, online university-level course for use by high school students, aren't happening often. Mostly, he adds, districts are trying to re-create classroom teaching routines online with varying levels of success.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"I don't think it's getting better because there are major approaches that people have figured out or there's a model that's sort of spreading around,\" he says. Nor is there a lot of leadership or direction on improving online learning coming from the federal Department of Education or anyone else.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Instead, Reich says, what improvement there has been since spring comes mainly from teachers such as Rosenthal — putting in long hours and learning as they go. \"It's just kind of folks sanding down one little rough edge at a time.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003ch2>\u003cstrong>4. Hybrid models are extremely challenging. \u003c/strong>\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>At last count, according to Burbio, 17.5% of districts were offering school in person just a few days a week, with students learning from home the rest of the time. The purpose was to maintain social distancing by reducing class sizes, but the model has created confusion and constant interruptions. Many students are struggling to adjust to classroom routines when they may attend only five days out of three weeks.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Depending on available staffing, teachers, meanwhile, may be yelling through a mask and face shield to be heard by students over Zoom. Jennifer Echols is the director of online and personalized learning for Mesa Public Schools, the largest school district in Arizona. She calls this model \"one of the biggest challenges\" in remote learning right now. Randi Weingarten, president of the American Federation of Teachers, has called for this \"hybrid\" model to be phased out. \"Hybrid doesn't work,\" Weingarten says flatly. \"You can't livestream and teach in person at the same time.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003ch2>\u003cstrong>5. Some kids are not learning much online. They'll be playing catch-up in years to come. \u003c/strong>\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>There are some anecdotes of children who are thriving with remote learning. \"There's [approximately] 10% of people for whom it works better,\" Reich says. And for these students, \"this is actually a better version of school.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Maybe they had school anxiety, he explains, or were victims of bullying or discrimination, or have sensory issues and enjoy having more control over their learning environment.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But districts including Houston, St. Paul, Minn., and Fairfax County, Va., have reported historically high failure rates this fall.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Echols, in Arizona, says both attendance and engagement in online learning is suffering. \"Some kids have had difficulty just paying attention and keeping themselves focused.\" In other cases, she adds, \"we have families where parents are working, and there's not the appropriate supervision for young learners, or children that need to be babysitting siblings during the school day.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>What keeps Rosenthal up at night are the kids she just can't reach. Every year, she says, out of a class of 20 or 21, there are five or six students who show up unprepared for kindergarten.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"They're struggling, but at least they're with me all day long. And so I can support them six or seven hours a day.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>This year, she sees most of her students learning and growing despite all the obstacles. But those five or six who started out behind aren't getting much of anywhere.\u003c/p>\n\u003cdiv class=\"fullattribution\">Copyright 2020 NPR. To see more, visit https://www.npr.org.\u003cimg src=\"https://www.google-analytics.com/__utm.gif?utmac=UA-5828686-4&utmdt=5+Things+We%27ve+Learned+About+Virtual+School+In+2020&utme=8(APIKey)9(MDAxOTAwOTE4MDEyMTkxMDAzNjczZDljZA004)\">\u003c/div>\n\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>",
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"disqusTitle": "Report Offers Clearest Picture Yet Of Pandemic's Impact On Student Learning",
"title": "Report Offers Clearest Picture Yet Of Pandemic's Impact On Student Learning",
"headTitle": "MindShift | KQED News",
"content": "\u003cp>A sweeping \u003ca href=\"https://www.nwea.org/content/uploads/2020/11/Collaborative-brief-Learning-during-COVID-19.NOV2020.pdf\">new review\u003c/a> of national test data suggests the pandemic-driven jump to online learning has had little impact on children's reading growth and has only somewhat slowed gains in math. That positive news comes from the testing nonprofit NWEA and covers nearly 4.4 million U.S. students in grades three through eight. But the report also includes a worrying caveat: Many of the nation's most vulnerable students are missing from the data.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"Preliminary fall data suggests that, on average, students are faring better than we had feared,\" says Beth Tarasawa, head of research at NWEA, in a news release accompanying the report.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"While there's some good news here, we want to stress that not all students are represented in the data, especially from our most marginalized communities.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Until now, estimates of learning loss have been just that — estimates or projections, based on the kind of academic backsliding schools see after a long summer. This report offers the clearest picture yet of the impact that the past eight months of disruption have had on student learning.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>The MAP Growth test\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The data at the heart of NWEA's report come from what's known to teachers and children alike as the MAP Growth test — a check-in assessment used to measure kids' math and reading skills that's generally given three times a year, in fall, winter and spring.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>While millions of students took these MAP tests in the winter of 2020, few took them again in the spring as schools raced (and many struggled) to provide learning online. But this fall, nearly 4.4 million children did take the test, either from home or back in a classroom. And the results give researchers a vital new data point: a measure of where students are \u003cem>right now.\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Tarasawa and her research team studied the data a few different ways. First, they compared students' performance this fall — in, say, third-grade reading — with the performance of a \u003cem>different\u003c/em> group of students who took third-grade reading in the fall of 2019, before the coronavirus pandemic.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Tarasawa tells NPR that with this method of comparison, the results in reading were \"relatively optimistic\" because \"kids on average are performing similarly to how [other children] did pre-pandemic.\" In math, the current pandemic class of students performed about 5 to 10 percentile points lower than the pre-pandemic comparison group — what Tarasawa describes as a \"moderate\" drop.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In addition to comparing two different groups of students, researchers also studied students' individual growth over time, looking at where they were when they took the MAP test in the winter of 2020 and comparing it with where they are now, in the fall of 2020.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"We saw, on average, students showed growth in both math and reading across the grade levels in almost all grades,\" says Tarasawa. \"Most students made some learning gains in both reading and math since COVID started.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In short, students kept learning when schools shifted online; they just didn't learn quite as much in math as they likely would have if there had never been a pandemic.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Mitigating the learning loss that \u003cem>is\u003c/em> happening will still require patience and a thoughtful approach, says Aaliyah Samuel, NWEA's executive vice president of government affairs and partnerships.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"Addressing the unfinished learning is going to be a matter of time. We really need to be thinking about the supports and interventions for kids over at least a two- or three-year runway.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Depending on the depth of learning lost, school districts could consider a range of options, including extending the school year or even enlisting a volunteer tutoring corps.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Roughly a quarter of students missing\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The \"good\" news (and the not-so-good news) in this report also comes with an important and worrying red flag.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In an effort to be sure their 4.4 million-student sample, albeit large, was also representative of America's classrooms, NWEA researchers dug into the demographics of this new data set and compared it with the earlier fall 2019 test data — a sample of nearly 5.2 million children.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>What they found, Tarasawa says, is that roughly a quarter of students were missing — meaning they didn't take the MAP test this fall — and that these children are \"more likely to be black and brown, more likely to be from high-poverty schools and more likely to have lower performance in the first place.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The researchers cite a host of possible reasons these students weren't able to take the latest test, including a lack of technology or Internet access at home as well as the possibility that some children have disengaged from school more broadly.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"This is screaming that we have to be very cautious,\" says Tarasawa, about interpreting the relatively optimistic results in reading and even math as evidence that the kids are all right.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"It's just like any time you get a new puzzle,\" Samuel says. \"The first thing you do is ... you start to look for the corners because those are usually the easiest to put together first.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>That's where we're at now, she explains: building the edges of the puzzle.\u003c/p>\n\u003cdiv class=\"fullattribution\">Copyright 2020 NPR. To see more, visit https://www.npr.org.\u003cimg src=\"https://www.google-analytics.com/__utm.gif?utmac=UA-5828686-4&utmdt=New+Report+Offers+Clearest+Picture+Yet+Of+Pandemic+Impact+On+Student+Learning+&utme=8(APIKey)9(MDAxOTAwOTE4MDEyMTkxMDAzNjczZDljZA004)\">\u003c/div>\n\n",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>A sweeping \u003ca href=\"https://www.nwea.org/content/uploads/2020/11/Collaborative-brief-Learning-during-COVID-19.NOV2020.pdf\">new review\u003c/a> of national test data suggests the pandemic-driven jump to online learning has had little impact on children's reading growth and has only somewhat slowed gains in math. That positive news comes from the testing nonprofit NWEA and covers nearly 4.4 million U.S. students in grades three through eight. But the report also includes a worrying caveat: Many of the nation's most vulnerable students are missing from the data.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"Preliminary fall data suggests that, on average, students are faring better than we had feared,\" says Beth Tarasawa, head of research at NWEA, in a news release accompanying the report.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"While there's some good news here, we want to stress that not all students are represented in the data, especially from our most marginalized communities.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Until now, estimates of learning loss have been just that — estimates or projections, based on the kind of academic backsliding schools see after a long summer. This report offers the clearest picture yet of the impact that the past eight months of disruption have had on student learning.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>The MAP Growth test\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The data at the heart of NWEA's report come from what's known to teachers and children alike as the MAP Growth test — a check-in assessment used to measure kids' math and reading skills that's generally given three times a year, in fall, winter and spring.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>While millions of students took these MAP tests in the winter of 2020, few took them again in the spring as schools raced (and many struggled) to provide learning online. But this fall, nearly 4.4 million children did take the test, either from home or back in a classroom. And the results give researchers a vital new data point: a measure of where students are \u003cem>right now.\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Tarasawa and her research team studied the data a few different ways. First, they compared students' performance this fall — in, say, third-grade reading — with the performance of a \u003cem>different\u003c/em> group of students who took third-grade reading in the fall of 2019, before the coronavirus pandemic.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Tarasawa tells NPR that with this method of comparison, the results in reading were \"relatively optimistic\" because \"kids on average are performing similarly to how [other children] did pre-pandemic.\" In math, the current pandemic class of students performed about 5 to 10 percentile points lower than the pre-pandemic comparison group — what Tarasawa describes as a \"moderate\" drop.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In addition to comparing two different groups of students, researchers also studied students' individual growth over time, looking at where they were when they took the MAP test in the winter of 2020 and comparing it with where they are now, in the fall of 2020.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"We saw, on average, students showed growth in both math and reading across the grade levels in almost all grades,\" says Tarasawa. \"Most students made some learning gains in both reading and math since COVID started.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In short, students kept learning when schools shifted online; they just didn't learn quite as much in math as they likely would have if there had never been a pandemic.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Mitigating the learning loss that \u003cem>is\u003c/em> happening will still require patience and a thoughtful approach, says Aaliyah Samuel, NWEA's executive vice president of government affairs and partnerships.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"Addressing the unfinished learning is going to be a matter of time. We really need to be thinking about the supports and interventions for kids over at least a two- or three-year runway.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Depending on the depth of learning lost, school districts could consider a range of options, including extending the school year or even enlisting a volunteer tutoring corps.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Roughly a quarter of students missing\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The \"good\" news (and the not-so-good news) in this report also comes with an important and worrying red flag.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In an effort to be sure their 4.4 million-student sample, albeit large, was also representative of America's classrooms, NWEA researchers dug into the demographics of this new data set and compared it with the earlier fall 2019 test data — a sample of nearly 5.2 million children.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>What they found, Tarasawa says, is that roughly a quarter of students were missing — meaning they didn't take the MAP test this fall — and that these children are \"more likely to be black and brown, more likely to be from high-poverty schools and more likely to have lower performance in the first place.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The researchers cite a host of possible reasons these students weren't able to take the latest test, including a lack of technology or Internet access at home as well as the possibility that some children have disengaged from school more broadly.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"This is screaming that we have to be very cautious,\" says Tarasawa, about interpreting the relatively optimistic results in reading and even math as evidence that the kids are all right.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"It's just like any time you get a new puzzle,\" Samuel says. \"The first thing you do is ... you start to look for the corners because those are usually the easiest to put together first.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>That's where we're at now, she explains: building the edges of the puzzle.\u003c/p>\n\u003cdiv class=\"fullattribution\">Copyright 2020 NPR. To see more, visit https://www.npr.org.\u003cimg src=\"https://www.google-analytics.com/__utm.gif?utmac=UA-5828686-4&utmdt=New+Report+Offers+Clearest+Picture+Yet+Of+Pandemic+Impact+On+Student+Learning+&utme=8(APIKey)9(MDAxOTAwOTE4MDEyMTkxMDAzNjczZDljZA004)\">\u003c/div>\n\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>",
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"disqusTitle": "A College Student Is Coming Home. Should The Whole Family Wear Masks?",
"title": "A College Student Is Coming Home. Should The Whole Family Wear Masks?",
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"content": "\u003cp>Sandy Kretschmer imagines her son Henry returning home from college, dropping his bags and then giving her a big hug. But she knows the reality of this homecoming may be a lot different.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"I'll probably have a mask on, and he'll have a mask on when I hug him,\" she says.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Henry plans to take a COVID-19 test a few days before he leaves Iowa State University where he's a junior, and he'll self-quarantine until he heads home to Chicago.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The Kretschmers are taking these precautions because some family members have \u003ca href=\"https://www.cdc.gov/coronavirus/2019-ncov/need-extra-precautions/people-with-medical-conditions.html?CDC_AA_refVal=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.cdc.gov%2Fcoronavirus%2F2019-ncov%2Fneed-extra-precautions%2Fgroups-at-higher-risk.html\">underlying conditions \u003c/a>that put them at higher risk of becoming seriously ill with COVID-19. Henry's father has an autoimmune disease, and his 78-year-old grandfather is in hospice care.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Families all across the country are facing a similar dilemma: They want their students home for Thanksgiving, but no one wants the virus to come home with them.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"I want to make sure that I'm not bringing anything home to my parents, and I don't want them to get sick,\" says\u003ca href=\"https://www.linkedin.com/in/brisisloschutta/\"> Brianna Sislo-Schutta, \u003c/a>a junior at the University of Minnesota.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Home is just a 20-minute drive from campus, in the suburbs of St. Paul. \"That's why I went to school in my home state,\" she says. \"I love my family. I love spending time with them.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In normal years, she would go home often for a meal or a visit. This year she's forgone the weekend trips home — afraid she might get her parents sick. But Thanksgiving is a hard holiday to miss, which has meant some hard conversations about what the visit might look like.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"As a mother, it's just gut-wrenching,\" says Brianna's mom, Toni Schutta. \"Can I be inside with my child? If so, for how long? Do we have to wear masks?\" she asks.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Some students are choosing not to risk it and have decided to stay on campus for the holidays, says \u003ca href=\"https://publichealth.gmu.edu/profile/view/578426\">Amira Roess, \u003c/a>an epidemiologist at George Mason University in Fairfax, Va.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"There are students who are choosing to stay in the dorms because they have family members who are high risk,\" she says.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Other experts agree: If a family member is especially vulnerable, the safest option is to celebrate lovingly — but remotely — this year. But for college students and their families who are considering spending Thanksgiving together, here are some precautions you can take to reduce the risk of spreading infections.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Get tested — but don't rely exclusively on test results\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>A few colleges are requiring students to get tested before they leave campus and head home.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"It's kind of like the last phase of our semester,\" says\u003ca href=\"https://news.vanderbilt.edu/2019/12/04/daniel-diermeier-ninth-chancellor/\"> Daniel Diermeier, \u003c/a>chancellor of Vanderbilt University, in Nashville, Tenn. He says the exit testing is to make sure that the families and the communities the students are returning to \"feel good about their students coming home.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The State University of New York requires on-campus students\u003ca href=\"https://www.suny.edu/suny-news/press-releases/10-20/10-27-20/covid-test-thanksgiving-break.html\"> to test negative before \u003c/a>heading home for the break and \u003ca href=\"https://governor.nc.gov/news/north-carolina-provides-covid-19-tests-colleges-universities-across-state-support-testing\">Gov. Roy Cooper of North Carolina\u003c/a> just announced the state will send rapid tests to colleges ahead of Thanksgiving. The University of Minnesota, where Brianna Sislo-Schutta is a junior, is also offering free coronavirus testing.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"I know testing isn't 100%, but it definitely makes it a little less scary for me. I can go home and feel better and have peace of mind,\" she says.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But remember a test is just a snapshot of the day it is taken, says \u003ca href=\"https://www.ohsu.edu/providers/judith-a-guzman-cottrill-do\">Dr. Judy Guzman-Cottrill\u003c/a>, a pediatric infectious disease specialist at Oregon Health & Science University. \"One negative test does not mean that you are home free.\" And even if a test is negative, it's not a guarantee the person taking it is not infected.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>She recommends students take another test when they get home, and in the meantime, they should stay masked up after they return home and keep 6 feet away from other family members.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Masks and social distancing may seem like they take all the warmth and humanity out of the holiday, but Guzman-Cottrill says any place where 5% or more COVID-19 tests return positive is a high-risk zone. Before traveling, students and parents should \u003ca href=\"https://usafacts.org/visualizations/coronavirus-covid-19-spread-map/\">evaluate the rates of infection\u003c/a> on campus and the surrounding community.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Not all colleges are offering students testing before they leave for the holidays. \u003ca href=\"https://collegecrisis.org/\">The College Crisis Initiative \u003c/a>did a random survey of about 100 four-year institutions and found that only eight were offering additional testing to students before the break.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"There's a sense, at least at some colleges, that once the semester finishes and students leave, it's not their problem,\" says \u003ca href=\"https://www.shu.edu/profiles/robertkelchen.cfm\">Robert Kelchen, \u003c/a>an associate professor of higher education at Seton Hall University in New Jersey. Seton Hall transitioned to online classes this week, amid a rising number COVID-19 cases on campus. The school is encouraging all students to get tested at the university health center before they head home.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Limit your social activities starting now\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>For colleges that don't have resources for exit testing, many are encouraging students to essentially lock down before heading out for Thanksgiving.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"If you don't have testing available, you really have to be cautious starting now to make sure you don't bring it home,\" says\u003ca href=\"https://experts.illinois.edu/en/persons/rebecca-lee-smith\"> Rebecca Smith, \u003c/a>an epidemiologist at the University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>And remember, \"any form of travel involves some amount of risk,\" she says. \"Just relying on testing alone is not enough.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>There are 13 days until Thanksgiving and the virus'\u003ca href=\"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/32150748/\"> incubation period ranges \u003c/a>from about five to 14 days. \"If you were to be exposed any time, starting now, you could be infectious at the time that you go home for Thanksgiving,\" Smith says.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Getting tested once doesn't mean you won't test positive for the virus a day later, she says. So the best defense for students — and the family planning to welcome them in — is to limit activities to the essentials.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"No parties obviously,\" says Smith, and \"limit your social circles to only the people in your bubble and keep that bubble small.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Wear masks, keep your distance and rethink that turkey dinner\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Students should stay masked up after they return home, says epidemiologist Guzman-Cottrill.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"The only time they should be removing their mask should be when they are eating and eating in a separate room, I think, is the safest decision, or eating outdoors,\" she says.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>And while it may seem like this takes the joy out of the holiday, with the virus surging across the country, the extra precautions are worth taking, our experts say.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"The last thing we want is big family gatherings that end up being somebody's last Thanksgiving,\" Smith says.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>And there are all sorts of things that you can do outdoors with your family that are safer than meals, says Smith.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"You could play outside, you could \u003ca href=\"https://gamerules.com/rules/croquet/\">play croquet\u003c/a> or \u003ca href=\"https://www.backyardbocce.com/\">bocce \u003c/a>quite safely. You can \u003ca href=\"https://www.playcornhole.org/pages/rules\">play cornhole\u003c/a> with your family safely outdoors,\" she says.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Outdoor activities are safer because airflow helps dilute the virus, thus reducing the risk of infection.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The Sislo-Schutta family usually gathers with at least 20 friends and family members at their home, but this year it will be just immediate family and they're planning to do Thanksgiving dinner around the fire pit.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>And there will be one more big change this year — they won't be having a turkey!\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"The new plan is to make spinach lasagna,\" Brianna's mom says. \"It's going to be a lasagna Thanksgiving.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad floatright]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>That's fine with Brianna. \"I'm honestly not a huge Thanksgiving food person,\" she says. \"I just enjoy spending time with my family.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cdiv class=\"fullattribution\">Copyright 2020 NPR. To see more, visit https://www.npr.org.\u003cimg src=\"https://www.google-analytics.com/__utm.gif?utmac=UA-5828686-4&utmdt=A+College+Student+Is+Coming+Home.+Should+The+Whole+Family+Wear+Masks%3F&utme=8(APIKey)9(MDAxOTAwOTE4MDEyMTkxMDAzNjczZDljZA004)\">\u003c/div>\n\n",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>Sandy Kretschmer imagines her son Henry returning home from college, dropping his bags and then giving her a big hug. But she knows the reality of this homecoming may be a lot different.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"I'll probably have a mask on, and he'll have a mask on when I hug him,\" she says.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Henry plans to take a COVID-19 test a few days before he leaves Iowa State University where he's a junior, and he'll self-quarantine until he heads home to Chicago.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The Kretschmers are taking these precautions because some family members have \u003ca href=\"https://www.cdc.gov/coronavirus/2019-ncov/need-extra-precautions/people-with-medical-conditions.html?CDC_AA_refVal=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.cdc.gov%2Fcoronavirus%2F2019-ncov%2Fneed-extra-precautions%2Fgroups-at-higher-risk.html\">underlying conditions \u003c/a>that put them at higher risk of becoming seriously ill with COVID-19. Henry's father has an autoimmune disease, and his 78-year-old grandfather is in hospice care.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Families all across the country are facing a similar dilemma: They want their students home for Thanksgiving, but no one wants the virus to come home with them.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"I want to make sure that I'm not bringing anything home to my parents, and I don't want them to get sick,\" says\u003ca href=\"https://www.linkedin.com/in/brisisloschutta/\"> Brianna Sislo-Schutta, \u003c/a>a junior at the University of Minnesota.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Home is just a 20-minute drive from campus, in the suburbs of St. Paul. \"That's why I went to school in my home state,\" she says. \"I love my family. I love spending time with them.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In normal years, she would go home often for a meal or a visit. This year she's forgone the weekend trips home — afraid she might get her parents sick. But Thanksgiving is a hard holiday to miss, which has meant some hard conversations about what the visit might look like.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"As a mother, it's just gut-wrenching,\" says Brianna's mom, Toni Schutta. \"Can I be inside with my child? If so, for how long? Do we have to wear masks?\" she asks.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Some students are choosing not to risk it and have decided to stay on campus for the holidays, says \u003ca href=\"https://publichealth.gmu.edu/profile/view/578426\">Amira Roess, \u003c/a>an epidemiologist at George Mason University in Fairfax, Va.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"There are students who are choosing to stay in the dorms because they have family members who are high risk,\" she says.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Other experts agree: If a family member is especially vulnerable, the safest option is to celebrate lovingly — but remotely — this year. But for college students and their families who are considering spending Thanksgiving together, here are some precautions you can take to reduce the risk of spreading infections.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Get tested — but don't rely exclusively on test results\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>A few colleges are requiring students to get tested before they leave campus and head home.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"It's kind of like the last phase of our semester,\" says\u003ca href=\"https://news.vanderbilt.edu/2019/12/04/daniel-diermeier-ninth-chancellor/\"> Daniel Diermeier, \u003c/a>chancellor of Vanderbilt University, in Nashville, Tenn. He says the exit testing is to make sure that the families and the communities the students are returning to \"feel good about their students coming home.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The State University of New York requires on-campus students\u003ca href=\"https://www.suny.edu/suny-news/press-releases/10-20/10-27-20/covid-test-thanksgiving-break.html\"> to test negative before \u003c/a>heading home for the break and \u003ca href=\"https://governor.nc.gov/news/north-carolina-provides-covid-19-tests-colleges-universities-across-state-support-testing\">Gov. Roy Cooper of North Carolina\u003c/a> just announced the state will send rapid tests to colleges ahead of Thanksgiving. The University of Minnesota, where Brianna Sislo-Schutta is a junior, is also offering free coronavirus testing.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"I know testing isn't 100%, but it definitely makes it a little less scary for me. I can go home and feel better and have peace of mind,\" she says.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But remember a test is just a snapshot of the day it is taken, says \u003ca href=\"https://www.ohsu.edu/providers/judith-a-guzman-cottrill-do\">Dr. Judy Guzman-Cottrill\u003c/a>, a pediatric infectious disease specialist at Oregon Health & Science University. \"One negative test does not mean that you are home free.\" And even if a test is negative, it's not a guarantee the person taking it is not infected.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>She recommends students take another test when they get home, and in the meantime, they should stay masked up after they return home and keep 6 feet away from other family members.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Masks and social distancing may seem like they take all the warmth and humanity out of the holiday, but Guzman-Cottrill says any place where 5% or more COVID-19 tests return positive is a high-risk zone. Before traveling, students and parents should \u003ca href=\"https://usafacts.org/visualizations/coronavirus-covid-19-spread-map/\">evaluate the rates of infection\u003c/a> on campus and the surrounding community.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Not all colleges are offering students testing before they leave for the holidays. \u003ca href=\"https://collegecrisis.org/\">The College Crisis Initiative \u003c/a>did a random survey of about 100 four-year institutions and found that only eight were offering additional testing to students before the break.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"There's a sense, at least at some colleges, that once the semester finishes and students leave, it's not their problem,\" says \u003ca href=\"https://www.shu.edu/profiles/robertkelchen.cfm\">Robert Kelchen, \u003c/a>an associate professor of higher education at Seton Hall University in New Jersey. Seton Hall transitioned to online classes this week, amid a rising number COVID-19 cases on campus. The school is encouraging all students to get tested at the university health center before they head home.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Limit your social activities starting now\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>For colleges that don't have resources for exit testing, many are encouraging students to essentially lock down before heading out for Thanksgiving.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"If you don't have testing available, you really have to be cautious starting now to make sure you don't bring it home,\" says\u003ca href=\"https://experts.illinois.edu/en/persons/rebecca-lee-smith\"> Rebecca Smith, \u003c/a>an epidemiologist at the University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>And remember, \"any form of travel involves some amount of risk,\" she says. \"Just relying on testing alone is not enough.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>There are 13 days until Thanksgiving and the virus'\u003ca href=\"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/32150748/\"> incubation period ranges \u003c/a>from about five to 14 days. \"If you were to be exposed any time, starting now, you could be infectious at the time that you go home for Thanksgiving,\" Smith says.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Getting tested once doesn't mean you won't test positive for the virus a day later, she says. So the best defense for students — and the family planning to welcome them in — is to limit activities to the essentials.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"No parties obviously,\" says Smith, and \"limit your social circles to only the people in your bubble and keep that bubble small.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Wear masks, keep your distance and rethink that turkey dinner\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Students should stay masked up after they return home, says epidemiologist Guzman-Cottrill.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"The only time they should be removing their mask should be when they are eating and eating in a separate room, I think, is the safest decision, or eating outdoors,\" she says.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>And while it may seem like this takes the joy out of the holiday, with the virus surging across the country, the extra precautions are worth taking, our experts say.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"The last thing we want is big family gatherings that end up being somebody's last Thanksgiving,\" Smith says.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>And there are all sorts of things that you can do outdoors with your family that are safer than meals, says Smith.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"You could play outside, you could \u003ca href=\"https://gamerules.com/rules/croquet/\">play croquet\u003c/a> or \u003ca href=\"https://www.backyardbocce.com/\">bocce \u003c/a>quite safely. You can \u003ca href=\"https://www.playcornhole.org/pages/rules\">play cornhole\u003c/a> with your family safely outdoors,\" she says.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Outdoor activities are safer because airflow helps dilute the virus, thus reducing the risk of infection.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The Sislo-Schutta family usually gathers with at least 20 friends and family members at their home, but this year it will be just immediate family and they're planning to do Thanksgiving dinner around the fire pit.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>And there will be one more big change this year — they won't be having a turkey!\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"The new plan is to make spinach lasagna,\" Brianna's mom says. \"It's going to be a lasagna Thanksgiving.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>That's fine with Brianna. \"I'm honestly not a huge Thanksgiving food person,\" she says. \"I just enjoy spending time with my family.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cdiv class=\"fullattribution\">Copyright 2020 NPR. To see more, visit https://www.npr.org.\u003cimg src=\"https://www.google-analytics.com/__utm.gif?utmac=UA-5828686-4&utmdt=A+College+Student+Is+Coming+Home.+Should+The+Whole+Family+Wear+Masks%3F&utme=8(APIKey)9(MDAxOTAwOTE4MDEyMTkxMDAzNjczZDljZA004)\">\u003c/div>\n\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>",
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"disqusTitle": "Lessons From Europe, Where Cases Are Rising But Schools Are Open",
"title": "Lessons From Europe, Where Cases Are Rising But Schools Are Open",
"headTitle": "MindShift | KQED News",
"content": "\u003cp>Mahua Barve lives in Frankfurt, Germany, with her husband, a son in first grade and twin daughters in kindergarten. All three children are currently attending school full time and in person. That's despite a coronavirus surge that has led Germany to \u003ca href=\"https://apnews.com/article/international-news-virus-outbreak-angela-merkel-germany-a071c4750cbee07a586640c297032bd1\">shut down\u003c/a> restaurants, bars, theaters, gyms, tattoo parlors and brothels (which are legal in the country) for November. Schools were allowed to remain open.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Despite the resurgence of the virus, Barve says, her children's school's careful safety strategies give her confidence. Each \"pod\" of kids goes to recess at 10 minute intervals, for example, so they don't mix in the hallways.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"When I see all the parents who are coming to pick up and drop off, they're wearing masks. The teachers are always wearing masks. They're doing their best to minimize risk. And as soon as something is detected, they are quarantining.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Barve says everyone is doing their part: \"It's a little bit of choppy water, but if people are swimming in their own lanes, there's less likelihood of a disturbance.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Across Europe, schools and child care centers are staying open even as much of the continent \u003ca href=\"https://www.npr.org/sections/goatsandsoda/2020/03/30/822491838/coronavirus-world-map-tracking-the-spread-of-the-outbreak\">reports rising coronavirus cases\u003c/a>, and even as many \u003ca href=\"https://www.nbcnews.com/news/world/germany-announces-four-week-shutdown-coronavirus-cases-spike-n1245121\">businesses and gathering places\u003c/a> are \u003ca href=\"https://www.cbsnews.com/news/italy-coronavirus-restrictions-early-curfews-cafes-restaurants-covid19-pandemic-2020-10-25/\">shut or restricted\u003c/a>. Countries such as \u003ca href=\"https://www.bbc.com/news/world-europe-54716993\">France\u003c/a>, the \u003ca href=\"https://www.npr.org/sections/coronavirus-live-updates/2020/11/02/930398019/britains-boris-johnson-no-alternative-to-strict-new-coronavirus-lockdown\">United Kingdom\u003c/a>, \u003ca href=\"https://apnews.com/article/international-news-virus-outbreak-angela-merkel-germany-a071c4750cbee07a586640c297032bd1\">Germany\u003c/a> and \u003ca href=\"https://www.cbsnews.com/news/italy-coronavirus-restrictions-early-curfews-cafes-restaurants-covid19-pandemic-2020-10-25/\">Italy\u003c/a> appear to be following the \u003ca href=\"https://www.npr.org/2020/10/21/925794511/were-the-risks-of-reopening-schools-exaggerated\">emerging evidence\u003c/a> that schools have not been major centers of transmission of the virus, especially for young children. And experts say these nations are also demonstrating a commitment to avoiding the \u003ca href=\"https://www.npr.org/2020/09/10/911117577/the-pandemic-has-researchers-worried-about-teen-suicide\">worst\u003c/a> \u003ca href=\"https://www.npr.org/2020/10/07/920320592/an-impossible-choice-for-homeless-parents-a-job-or-their-childs-education\">impacts\u003c/a> \u003ca href=\"https://www.npr.org/2020/09/08/908442609/children-are-going-hungry-why-schools-are-struggling-to-feed-students\">of the pandemic \u003c/a>\u003ca href=\"https://www.npr.org/2020/08/21/902141314/for-students-with-disabilities-schools-say-they-have-to-do-better-in-the-fall\">on children\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The U.S. has taken a different approach. As new cases climb \u003ca href=\"https://www.npr.org/sections/coronavirus-live-updates/#id933023659\">above 100,000 per day\u003c/a>, there are very few places in the U.S. where classrooms have remained full even as restaurants and bars are empty. In cities such as Boston and Washington, D.C., schools are remote, but indoor dining is allowed. This week, Detroit announced it was \u003ca href=\"https://www.detroitk12.org/site/default.aspx?PageType=3&DomainID=4&ModuleInstanceID=4585&ViewID=6446EE88-D30C-497E-9316-3F8874B3E108&RenderLoc=0&FlexDataID=41744&PageID=1\">closing its schools\u003c/a> through January, while indoor dining and bars there remain \u003ca href=\"https://detroit.eater.com/2020/10/15/21517506/michigan-restaurant-bar-covid-19-rules-mdhhs-miosha-pandemic-safety\">open at 50% capacity\u003c/a>. Meanwhile, in states like Florida and Texas, schools — along with most businesses — have stayed open, even \u003ca href=\"https://www.npr.org/sections/health-shots/2020/09/01/816707182/map-tracking-the-spread-of-the-coronavirus-in-the-u-s\">with very high and rising case rates\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Andreas Schleicher has a global view on education from his position in Paris overseeing the PISA international assessment program at the Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development. He says that while schools in Europe were initially closed out of an abundance of caution, \"Research has shown that if you put social distancing protocols in place, school is actually quite a safe environment, certainly safer than having children running around outside school.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>At the same time, he says that in Europe, \"I do think people have understood fairly quickly how much damage the school closures have done, particularly to disadvantaged learners.\" He says the science especially favors opening elementary schools, with young children both less likely to spread the disease and less able to benefit from remote learning.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Randa Grob-Zakhary of the group Insights for Education \u003ca href=\"https://www.npr.org/2020/10/21/925794511/were-the-risks-of-reopening-schools-exaggerated\">recently analyzed \u003c/a>school reopening patterns across the world. When it comes to European countries, she says for the most part, \"They have ... localized closures based on numbers of cases.\" For example, at Barve's children's school in Germany, sometimes just a single \"pod\" of about 20 children and teachers will be sent home to quarantine because of a case.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Johannes Huebner, the head of the pediatric infectious disease department at the Ludwig-Maximilians University Hospital in Munich, recently told \u003ca href=\"https://www.npr.org/2020/11/06/932214981/schools-in-germany-remain-open-amid-a-new-lockdown\">NPR correspondent Rob Schmitz\u003c/a> that scientific studies have not detected high rates of transmission in schools. \"Most of the infections are brought into the schools by adults, by teachers, and then spread among kids. But most of the time, it's only single cases. It's two, three kids, five maybe that get positive.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Grob-Zakhary says, \"I think five, six months ago there was a view that we don't know what the heck we're dealing with and we better keep our kids safe no matter what. And now there's a view that, yes, it's dangerous, but we know so much more about how to handle it.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Even where schools are open, it doesn't mean everyone feels safe. In the U.K., teachers unions have \u003ca href=\"https://www.theguardian.com/education/2020/nov/05/nearly-half-teachers-england-worried-about-covid-safety-schools\">raised safety concerns\u003c/a>. And in Switzerland, one of the \u003ca href=\"https://globalepidemics.org/key-metrics-for-covid-suppression/\">worst coronavirus hot spots in Europe\u003c/a>, parent Anindita Basu Sempere is keeping her 6-year-old son home from school. It worries her that local health authorities don't require children under 12 to wear a mask. She is seeking a doctor's authorization to keep her son out of school as long as the current surge continues. She says her son is sad to be away from his friends, but he's told her \"it feels weird to not change what we're doing when everything else is changing.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>President-elect Joe Biden has called school closures \"\u003ca href=\"https://www.npr.org/2020/09/04/909337949/biden-calls-school-reopening-a-national-emergency\">a national emergency\u003c/a>.\" Some members of his newly appointed \u003ca href=\"https://www.npr.org/sections/live-updates-2020-election-results/2020/11/09/933002962/president-elect-biden-names-13-experts-to-covid-19-transition-advisory-board\">COVID-19 task force\u003c/a> — including former Surgeon General Vivek Murthy, epidemiologist Michael Osterholm and oncologist and bioethicist Ezekiel Emanuel — have spoken \u003ca href=\"https://www.npr.org/2020/11/10/933423976/what-a-biden-presidency-could-mean-for-education\">cautiously in favor\u003c/a> of reopening schools, but only with proper mitigation measures in place such as testing, contact tracing, social distancing and masking, which not all schools or locations have the resources to do currently. Murthy and Emanuel have written that schools should be open only where the virus is controlled.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Other American observers are adamant that the United States ought to make a different calculation of the societywide impact of school closures, even when virus spread is high. Dimitri Christakis, a pediatrician at Seattle Children's Hospital and editor of the journal \u003cem>JAMA Pediatrics\u003c/em>, has just published \u003ca href=\"http://jamanetwork.com/journals/jamanetworkopen/fullarticle/10.1001/jamanetworkopen.2020.28786?utm_source=For_The_Media&utm_medium=referral&utm_campaign=ftm_links&utm_term=111220\">a paper\u003c/a> that estimates 5.53 million years of life could be lost as a result of school closures in the United States.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The calculation is based on research showing that missing months of school \u003ca href=\"https://www.brookings.edu/research/chronic-absenteeism-an-old-problem-in-search-of-new-answers/\">lowers a child's chances\u003c/a> of graduating from high school. Lower educational attainment, in turn, is well established to \u003ca href=\"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4435622/\">lower life expectancy\u003c/a> because people with less education are more likely \u003ca href=\"https://academic.oup.com/ije/article/37/3/615/742307\">to smoke\u003c/a>, more likely \u003ca href=\"https://www.sciencedaily.com/releases/2019/10/191025075838.htm\">to drink heavily\u003c/a>, more likely \u003ca href=\"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/abs/pii/S0091743583710042\">to suffer from heart disease\u003c/a>, and more likely \u003ca href=\"https://www.bls.gov/opub/mlr/2006/05/art5full.pdf\">to perform more hazardous work\u003c/a>, among other reasons.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"When you frame it in terms of school versus lives, it becomes a no-brainer,\" says Christakis. \"And everybody says, 'Well, we can't send kids to school if it's going to cost lives.' But in fact, not sending kids to school also costs lives.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Lala Tanmoy Das, an M.D.-Ph.D. student at Weill Cornell/Rockefeller/Memorial Sloan Kettering, is familiar with the kind of modeling Christakis used, and calls the paper \"fairly robust.\" But Das also points out that the virus is more dangerous for Black children, Latino children and those with preexisting conditions, and that we don't know enough about its long-term effects on children or adults to capture the full impacts on health. He also notes that many school districts in the U.S. have \u003ca href=\"https://www.npr.org/sections/coronavirus-live-updates/2020/10/23/926815076/americas-school-funding-crisis-budget-cuts-rising-costs-and-no-help-in-sight\">faced budget cuts\u003c/a> that make it hard to do mitigation measures, like regular disinfection, or put proper social distancing protocols in place.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Still, Das agrees with Christakis that schools shouldn't be closed preferentially over other restrictions, particularly for younger children.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad floatright]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"In New York somehow restaurants and bars are open but we're talking about closing schools. That just doesn't make a lot of sense.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cdiv class=\"fullattribution\">Copyright 2020 NPR. To see more, visit https://www.npr.org.\u003cimg src=\"https://www.google-analytics.com/__utm.gif?utmac=UA-5828686-4&utmdt=Lessons+From+Europe%2C+Where+Cases+Are+Rising+But+Schools+Are+Open&utme=8(APIKey)9(MDAxOTAwOTE4MDEyMTkxMDAzNjczZDljZA004)\">\u003c/div>\n\n",
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"headline": "Lessons From Europe, Where Cases Are Rising But Schools Are Open",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>Mahua Barve lives in Frankfurt, Germany, with her husband, a son in first grade and twin daughters in kindergarten. All three children are currently attending school full time and in person. That's despite a coronavirus surge that has led Germany to \u003ca href=\"https://apnews.com/article/international-news-virus-outbreak-angela-merkel-germany-a071c4750cbee07a586640c297032bd1\">shut down\u003c/a> restaurants, bars, theaters, gyms, tattoo parlors and brothels (which are legal in the country) for November. Schools were allowed to remain open.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Despite the resurgence of the virus, Barve says, her children's school's careful safety strategies give her confidence. Each \"pod\" of kids goes to recess at 10 minute intervals, for example, so they don't mix in the hallways.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"When I see all the parents who are coming to pick up and drop off, they're wearing masks. The teachers are always wearing masks. They're doing their best to minimize risk. And as soon as something is detected, they are quarantining.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Barve says everyone is doing their part: \"It's a little bit of choppy water, but if people are swimming in their own lanes, there's less likelihood of a disturbance.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Across Europe, schools and child care centers are staying open even as much of the continent \u003ca href=\"https://www.npr.org/sections/goatsandsoda/2020/03/30/822491838/coronavirus-world-map-tracking-the-spread-of-the-outbreak\">reports rising coronavirus cases\u003c/a>, and even as many \u003ca href=\"https://www.nbcnews.com/news/world/germany-announces-four-week-shutdown-coronavirus-cases-spike-n1245121\">businesses and gathering places\u003c/a> are \u003ca href=\"https://www.cbsnews.com/news/italy-coronavirus-restrictions-early-curfews-cafes-restaurants-covid19-pandemic-2020-10-25/\">shut or restricted\u003c/a>. Countries such as \u003ca href=\"https://www.bbc.com/news/world-europe-54716993\">France\u003c/a>, the \u003ca href=\"https://www.npr.org/sections/coronavirus-live-updates/2020/11/02/930398019/britains-boris-johnson-no-alternative-to-strict-new-coronavirus-lockdown\">United Kingdom\u003c/a>, \u003ca href=\"https://apnews.com/article/international-news-virus-outbreak-angela-merkel-germany-a071c4750cbee07a586640c297032bd1\">Germany\u003c/a> and \u003ca href=\"https://www.cbsnews.com/news/italy-coronavirus-restrictions-early-curfews-cafes-restaurants-covid19-pandemic-2020-10-25/\">Italy\u003c/a> appear to be following the \u003ca href=\"https://www.npr.org/2020/10/21/925794511/were-the-risks-of-reopening-schools-exaggerated\">emerging evidence\u003c/a> that schools have not been major centers of transmission of the virus, especially for young children. And experts say these nations are also demonstrating a commitment to avoiding the \u003ca href=\"https://www.npr.org/2020/09/10/911117577/the-pandemic-has-researchers-worried-about-teen-suicide\">worst\u003c/a> \u003ca href=\"https://www.npr.org/2020/10/07/920320592/an-impossible-choice-for-homeless-parents-a-job-or-their-childs-education\">impacts\u003c/a> \u003ca href=\"https://www.npr.org/2020/09/08/908442609/children-are-going-hungry-why-schools-are-struggling-to-feed-students\">of the pandemic \u003c/a>\u003ca href=\"https://www.npr.org/2020/08/21/902141314/for-students-with-disabilities-schools-say-they-have-to-do-better-in-the-fall\">on children\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The U.S. has taken a different approach. As new cases climb \u003ca href=\"https://www.npr.org/sections/coronavirus-live-updates/#id933023659\">above 100,000 per day\u003c/a>, there are very few places in the U.S. where classrooms have remained full even as restaurants and bars are empty. In cities such as Boston and Washington, D.C., schools are remote, but indoor dining is allowed. This week, Detroit announced it was \u003ca href=\"https://www.detroitk12.org/site/default.aspx?PageType=3&DomainID=4&ModuleInstanceID=4585&ViewID=6446EE88-D30C-497E-9316-3F8874B3E108&RenderLoc=0&FlexDataID=41744&PageID=1\">closing its schools\u003c/a> through January, while indoor dining and bars there remain \u003ca href=\"https://detroit.eater.com/2020/10/15/21517506/michigan-restaurant-bar-covid-19-rules-mdhhs-miosha-pandemic-safety\">open at 50% capacity\u003c/a>. Meanwhile, in states like Florida and Texas, schools — along with most businesses — have stayed open, even \u003ca href=\"https://www.npr.org/sections/health-shots/2020/09/01/816707182/map-tracking-the-spread-of-the-coronavirus-in-the-u-s\">with very high and rising case rates\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Andreas Schleicher has a global view on education from his position in Paris overseeing the PISA international assessment program at the Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development. He says that while schools in Europe were initially closed out of an abundance of caution, \"Research has shown that if you put social distancing protocols in place, school is actually quite a safe environment, certainly safer than having children running around outside school.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>At the same time, he says that in Europe, \"I do think people have understood fairly quickly how much damage the school closures have done, particularly to disadvantaged learners.\" He says the science especially favors opening elementary schools, with young children both less likely to spread the disease and less able to benefit from remote learning.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Randa Grob-Zakhary of the group Insights for Education \u003ca href=\"https://www.npr.org/2020/10/21/925794511/were-the-risks-of-reopening-schools-exaggerated\">recently analyzed \u003c/a>school reopening patterns across the world. When it comes to European countries, she says for the most part, \"They have ... localized closures based on numbers of cases.\" For example, at Barve's children's school in Germany, sometimes just a single \"pod\" of about 20 children and teachers will be sent home to quarantine because of a case.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Johannes Huebner, the head of the pediatric infectious disease department at the Ludwig-Maximilians University Hospital in Munich, recently told \u003ca href=\"https://www.npr.org/2020/11/06/932214981/schools-in-germany-remain-open-amid-a-new-lockdown\">NPR correspondent Rob Schmitz\u003c/a> that scientific studies have not detected high rates of transmission in schools. \"Most of the infections are brought into the schools by adults, by teachers, and then spread among kids. But most of the time, it's only single cases. It's two, three kids, five maybe that get positive.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Grob-Zakhary says, \"I think five, six months ago there was a view that we don't know what the heck we're dealing with and we better keep our kids safe no matter what. And now there's a view that, yes, it's dangerous, but we know so much more about how to handle it.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Even where schools are open, it doesn't mean everyone feels safe. In the U.K., teachers unions have \u003ca href=\"https://www.theguardian.com/education/2020/nov/05/nearly-half-teachers-england-worried-about-covid-safety-schools\">raised safety concerns\u003c/a>. And in Switzerland, one of the \u003ca href=\"https://globalepidemics.org/key-metrics-for-covid-suppression/\">worst coronavirus hot spots in Europe\u003c/a>, parent Anindita Basu Sempere is keeping her 6-year-old son home from school. It worries her that local health authorities don't require children under 12 to wear a mask. She is seeking a doctor's authorization to keep her son out of school as long as the current surge continues. She says her son is sad to be away from his friends, but he's told her \"it feels weird to not change what we're doing when everything else is changing.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>President-elect Joe Biden has called school closures \"\u003ca href=\"https://www.npr.org/2020/09/04/909337949/biden-calls-school-reopening-a-national-emergency\">a national emergency\u003c/a>.\" Some members of his newly appointed \u003ca href=\"https://www.npr.org/sections/live-updates-2020-election-results/2020/11/09/933002962/president-elect-biden-names-13-experts-to-covid-19-transition-advisory-board\">COVID-19 task force\u003c/a> — including former Surgeon General Vivek Murthy, epidemiologist Michael Osterholm and oncologist and bioethicist Ezekiel Emanuel — have spoken \u003ca href=\"https://www.npr.org/2020/11/10/933423976/what-a-biden-presidency-could-mean-for-education\">cautiously in favor\u003c/a> of reopening schools, but only with proper mitigation measures in place such as testing, contact tracing, social distancing and masking, which not all schools or locations have the resources to do currently. Murthy and Emanuel have written that schools should be open only where the virus is controlled.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Other American observers are adamant that the United States ought to make a different calculation of the societywide impact of school closures, even when virus spread is high. Dimitri Christakis, a pediatrician at Seattle Children's Hospital and editor of the journal \u003cem>JAMA Pediatrics\u003c/em>, has just published \u003ca href=\"http://jamanetwork.com/journals/jamanetworkopen/fullarticle/10.1001/jamanetworkopen.2020.28786?utm_source=For_The_Media&utm_medium=referral&utm_campaign=ftm_links&utm_term=111220\">a paper\u003c/a> that estimates 5.53 million years of life could be lost as a result of school closures in the United States.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The calculation is based on research showing that missing months of school \u003ca href=\"https://www.brookings.edu/research/chronic-absenteeism-an-old-problem-in-search-of-new-answers/\">lowers a child's chances\u003c/a> of graduating from high school. Lower educational attainment, in turn, is well established to \u003ca href=\"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4435622/\">lower life expectancy\u003c/a> because people with less education are more likely \u003ca href=\"https://academic.oup.com/ije/article/37/3/615/742307\">to smoke\u003c/a>, more likely \u003ca href=\"https://www.sciencedaily.com/releases/2019/10/191025075838.htm\">to drink heavily\u003c/a>, more likely \u003ca href=\"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/abs/pii/S0091743583710042\">to suffer from heart disease\u003c/a>, and more likely \u003ca href=\"https://www.bls.gov/opub/mlr/2006/05/art5full.pdf\">to perform more hazardous work\u003c/a>, among other reasons.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"When you frame it in terms of school versus lives, it becomes a no-brainer,\" says Christakis. \"And everybody says, 'Well, we can't send kids to school if it's going to cost lives.' But in fact, not sending kids to school also costs lives.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Lala Tanmoy Das, an M.D.-Ph.D. student at Weill Cornell/Rockefeller/Memorial Sloan Kettering, is familiar with the kind of modeling Christakis used, and calls the paper \"fairly robust.\" But Das also points out that the virus is more dangerous for Black children, Latino children and those with preexisting conditions, and that we don't know enough about its long-term effects on children or adults to capture the full impacts on health. He also notes that many school districts in the U.S. have \u003ca href=\"https://www.npr.org/sections/coronavirus-live-updates/2020/10/23/926815076/americas-school-funding-crisis-budget-cuts-rising-costs-and-no-help-in-sight\">faced budget cuts\u003c/a> that make it hard to do mitigation measures, like regular disinfection, or put proper social distancing protocols in place.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Still, Das agrees with Christakis that schools shouldn't be closed preferentially over other restrictions, particularly for younger children.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"In New York somehow restaurants and bars are open but we're talking about closing schools. That just doesn't make a lot of sense.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cdiv class=\"fullattribution\">Copyright 2020 NPR. To see more, visit https://www.npr.org.\u003cimg src=\"https://www.google-analytics.com/__utm.gif?utmac=UA-5828686-4&utmdt=Lessons+From+Europe%2C+Where+Cases+Are+Rising+But+Schools+Are+Open&utme=8(APIKey)9(MDAxOTAwOTE4MDEyMTkxMDAzNjczZDljZA004)\">\u003c/div>\n\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>",
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"disqusTitle": "'I Come Up Short Every Day': Couples Under Strain As Pandemic Upends Life At Home",
"title": "'I Come Up Short Every Day': Couples Under Strain As Pandemic Upends Life At Home",
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"content": "\u003cp>Like many married and working couples first confronting the pandemic, Bianca Flokstra and Victor Udoewa tried to go on with their lives as normal.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Flokstra continued to work full time while taking care of their kids, ages 4 and 2. She also handled most of the housework, with her husband helping from time to time. It didn't work.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"Those first couple of months were really hard,\" Flokstra says. \"There was ... a lot of fighting. A lot of tears.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The pandemic has upended many aspects of domestic life, and that has brought new attention to one of the most enduring disparities between men and women — the wide difference in handling housework and child care.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>It's what Marianne Cooper, a sociologist at the Stanford VMware Women's Leadership Innovation Lab, calls one of society's most \"stubborn\" divides.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"The traditional gender division of labor is very durable,\" Cooper says. \"Even the most egalitarian-thinking couples, after having children, find themselves in a much more traditional division of labor than they ever would have intended.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Cooper, who has studied the issue extensively, says that divide, which is rooted in history and perpetuated by persistent societal norms, has endured even as women have joined the workforce in larger numbers over the decades, making record gains.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Yet even as more families become dual-income households, women still do 30% more of the housework and 40% more of the child care, Cooper says.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The disparity in work done at home is now having a serious economic impact as entire families are forced home with schools closed and no child care options available.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>More than 2.2 million women have left the workforce this year, far more than the 1.4 million men who have left as a result of the pandemic, \u003ca href=\"https://www.bls.gov/bls/news-release/empsit.htm#2020\">according to\u003c/a> the monthly U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics data.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Proportionally, more women were employed in sectors that were hit hard by the pandemic, including hospitality and retail.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But Cooper, as well as many economists, says the burden placed on working moms during the pandemic is another key variable forcing many women out of the workforce.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Some couples have adapted.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Flokstra, for example, says she had little choice. She desperately needed sleep after exhausting days at a new job in international aid while also taking care of all of her other responsibilities.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>She started sending the kids to her husband, unprompted. Then, she started drafting to-do lists — activities she and her husband would split day to day.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cimg class=\"alignnone size-full wp-image-56960\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/23/2020/11/spotfinish-ab6d7b658b1f8734d535840812709c893efa96e4-e1605253130229.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"1920\" height=\"1440\">\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Today, her husband is more involved than ever. Udoewa sweeps floors twice a day, does the dishes and takes care of the kids for half the day, among other things. He cooks dinners as well.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But getting there wasn't easy. It wasn't that Udoewa wasn't willing to help; he was.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Flokstra says she had become so used to doing household chores that she found it hard to delegate — and trust — her own husband to do the job.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>That hesitancy is surprisingly common among women, according to Cooper.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>It's a complicated mix of \"mother's guilt\" as well as societal expectations on couples, where men are still seen as the breadwinners.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"The end result is that oftentimes we have a division of labor [at home] that looks a lot more like the 1950s or 1960s than 2020,\" Cooper says.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>It's an issue familiar to Flokstra, who says her own mother was a \"stay-at-home mom.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Flokstra is now pregnant with their third child. And despite Udoewa's more equitable help, she can't help but feel guilt at times.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"I'm always battling that guilt, that mom guilt of should I be with my children more?\" she says.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Nonetheless, she's happy. She credits her husband with stepping up, but she also credits herself.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"That was also me,\" Flokstra added. \"It was me forcing myself to say, 'Hey, I don't have to do everything.' \"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Not every couple with children can make it work. And oftentimes it's the mothers who give up the most.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>A survey by Moody's Analytics and data intelligence company Morning Consult \u003ca href=\"https://www.moodysanalytics.com/-/media/article/2020/economic-challenges-for-parents-during-covid19.pdf\">published last month\u003c/a> showed that women are more than twice as likely as their male partners to reduce their working hours because of child care responsibilities. Women are also more likely to quit their jobs or turn down a career opportunity.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"Even after we look at households where the female contributes more to the household income than males, we still see females are reducing their hours more than males,\" says John Leer, an economist at Morning Consult.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But Raul Carrillo and Laura Uribarri aren't that couple. Both have high-powered jobs and neither can dial back.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>He runs a law firm with 13 employees. She is the assistant dean at the University of Texas in El Paso. Their hours are long.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>When the pandemic hit and schools shut down, their kids, 11 and 6, were forced to stay home.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Carrillo had to continue to go to work, but he offered to stay at home some days.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Uribarri declined, deciding it would be easier for her to do the bulk of the household chores because she had done it for so long.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"To me, it seemed like more work to help him learn the onboarding piece of it,\" she says.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>So, Carrillo did step up. He has been picking up some housework. He cooks breakfast for the kids. He takes them out when he gets back home so his wife can have a little time for herself and catch a break. But he constantly feels like he's not doing enough.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"I feel like I come up short every day,\" he says.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>And as Carrillo thinks about the future, he can sense the fragility of his family's situation and wonders how long they can continue in the same manner if the pandemic stretches well into next year.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>As for Uribarri, she's trying to make it work as best as she can. She does have a piece of advice for husbands. It's not sweeping the floors or setting up the Zoom calls for the kids.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad floatright]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"I would tell husbands out there — maybe every morning when you get up — ask your wife, is there one thing I could help you with today?\" she says. \"That's it. Is there one thing that would make your life a little bit better?\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cdiv class=\"fullattribution\">Copyright 2020 NPR. To see more, visit https://www.npr.org.\u003cimg src=\"https://www.google-analytics.com/__utm.gif?utmac=UA-5828686-4&utmdt=%27I+Come+Up+Short+Every+Day%27%3A+Couples+Under+Strain+As+Pandemic+Upends+Life+At+Home&utme=8(APIKey)9(MDAxOTAwOTE4MDEyMTkxMDAzNjczZDljZA004)\">\u003c/div>\n\n",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>Like many married and working couples first confronting the pandemic, Bianca Flokstra and Victor Udoewa tried to go on with their lives as normal.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Flokstra continued to work full time while taking care of their kids, ages 4 and 2. She also handled most of the housework, with her husband helping from time to time. It didn't work.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"Those first couple of months were really hard,\" Flokstra says. \"There was ... a lot of fighting. A lot of tears.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The pandemic has upended many aspects of domestic life, and that has brought new attention to one of the most enduring disparities between men and women — the wide difference in handling housework and child care.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>It's what Marianne Cooper, a sociologist at the Stanford VMware Women's Leadership Innovation Lab, calls one of society's most \"stubborn\" divides.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"The traditional gender division of labor is very durable,\" Cooper says. \"Even the most egalitarian-thinking couples, after having children, find themselves in a much more traditional division of labor than they ever would have intended.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Cooper, who has studied the issue extensively, says that divide, which is rooted in history and perpetuated by persistent societal norms, has endured even as women have joined the workforce in larger numbers over the decades, making record gains.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Yet even as more families become dual-income households, women still do 30% more of the housework and 40% more of the child care, Cooper says.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The disparity in work done at home is now having a serious economic impact as entire families are forced home with schools closed and no child care options available.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>More than 2.2 million women have left the workforce this year, far more than the 1.4 million men who have left as a result of the pandemic, \u003ca href=\"https://www.bls.gov/bls/news-release/empsit.htm#2020\">according to\u003c/a> the monthly U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics data.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Proportionally, more women were employed in sectors that were hit hard by the pandemic, including hospitality and retail.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But Cooper, as well as many economists, says the burden placed on working moms during the pandemic is another key variable forcing many women out of the workforce.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Some couples have adapted.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Flokstra, for example, says she had little choice. She desperately needed sleep after exhausting days at a new job in international aid while also taking care of all of her other responsibilities.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>She started sending the kids to her husband, unprompted. Then, she started drafting to-do lists — activities she and her husband would split day to day.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cimg class=\"alignnone size-full wp-image-56960\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/23/2020/11/spotfinish-ab6d7b658b1f8734d535840812709c893efa96e4-e1605253130229.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"1920\" height=\"1440\">\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Today, her husband is more involved than ever. Udoewa sweeps floors twice a day, does the dishes and takes care of the kids for half the day, among other things. He cooks dinners as well.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But getting there wasn't easy. It wasn't that Udoewa wasn't willing to help; he was.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Flokstra says she had become so used to doing household chores that she found it hard to delegate — and trust — her own husband to do the job.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>That hesitancy is surprisingly common among women, according to Cooper.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>It's a complicated mix of \"mother's guilt\" as well as societal expectations on couples, where men are still seen as the breadwinners.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"The end result is that oftentimes we have a division of labor [at home] that looks a lot more like the 1950s or 1960s than 2020,\" Cooper says.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>It's an issue familiar to Flokstra, who says her own mother was a \"stay-at-home mom.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Flokstra is now pregnant with their third child. And despite Udoewa's more equitable help, she can't help but feel guilt at times.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"I'm always battling that guilt, that mom guilt of should I be with my children more?\" she says.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Nonetheless, she's happy. She credits her husband with stepping up, but she also credits herself.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"That was also me,\" Flokstra added. \"It was me forcing myself to say, 'Hey, I don't have to do everything.' \"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Not every couple with children can make it work. And oftentimes it's the mothers who give up the most.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>A survey by Moody's Analytics and data intelligence company Morning Consult \u003ca href=\"https://www.moodysanalytics.com/-/media/article/2020/economic-challenges-for-parents-during-covid19.pdf\">published last month\u003c/a> showed that women are more than twice as likely as their male partners to reduce their working hours because of child care responsibilities. Women are also more likely to quit their jobs or turn down a career opportunity.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"Even after we look at households where the female contributes more to the household income than males, we still see females are reducing their hours more than males,\" says John Leer, an economist at Morning Consult.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But Raul Carrillo and Laura Uribarri aren't that couple. Both have high-powered jobs and neither can dial back.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>He runs a law firm with 13 employees. She is the assistant dean at the University of Texas in El Paso. Their hours are long.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>When the pandemic hit and schools shut down, their kids, 11 and 6, were forced to stay home.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Carrillo had to continue to go to work, but he offered to stay at home some days.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Uribarri declined, deciding it would be easier for her to do the bulk of the household chores because she had done it for so long.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"To me, it seemed like more work to help him learn the onboarding piece of it,\" she says.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>So, Carrillo did step up. He has been picking up some housework. He cooks breakfast for the kids. He takes them out when he gets back home so his wife can have a little time for herself and catch a break. But he constantly feels like he's not doing enough.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"I feel like I come up short every day,\" he says.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>And as Carrillo thinks about the future, he can sense the fragility of his family's situation and wonders how long they can continue in the same manner if the pandemic stretches well into next year.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>As for Uribarri, she's trying to make it work as best as she can. She does have a piece of advice for husbands. It's not sweeping the floors or setting up the Zoom calls for the kids.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"I would tell husbands out there — maybe every morning when you get up — ask your wife, is there one thing I could help you with today?\" she says. \"That's it. Is there one thing that would make your life a little bit better?\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cdiv class=\"fullattribution\">Copyright 2020 NPR. To see more, visit https://www.npr.org.\u003cimg src=\"https://www.google-analytics.com/__utm.gif?utmac=UA-5828686-4&utmdt=%27I+Come+Up+Short+Every+Day%27%3A+Couples+Under+Strain+As+Pandemic+Upends+Life+At+Home&utme=8(APIKey)9(MDAxOTAwOTE4MDEyMTkxMDAzNjczZDljZA004)\">\u003c/div>\n\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>",
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"disqusTitle": "What A Biden Presidency Could Mean For Education",
"title": "What A Biden Presidency Could Mean For Education",
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"content": "\u003cp>With the eyes of the country upon him, Joe Biden shouted out education during his speech Saturday in Wilmington, Del: \"For American educators, this is a great day for you all. You're going to have one of your own in the White House.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Of course, the president-elect was talking about his wife, Jill Biden, an English professor at Northern Virginia Community College. She continued her teaching career during Biden's two terms as vice president, and in a break with precedent, intends to continue doing so as first lady.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Which raises the question as the transition planning moves forward: How has this perspective shaped the president-elect's education agenda? And how much of that agenda can Joe Biden hope to achieve, with the massive challenges of the coronavirus and the economic recession, and with Democratic control of the Senate in doubt?\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Here's our overview of his policy priorities for K-12 and higher education:\u003c/p>\n\u003ch2>\u003cstrong>Reopening schools safely \u003c/strong>\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>Like so much in the country, experts say, the president's education agenda must start by confronting the threat of the coronavirus. As of Nov. 9, according to one \u003ca href=\"https://cai.burbio.com/school-opening-tracker/\">national\u003c/a> estimate, 63% of U.S. students were enrolled in districts that offered some in-person learning at least a few days a week.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But even within those districts, many or most students are staying home to avoid the virus. And education experts still forecast huge amounts of \u003ca href=\"https://www.chalkbeat.org/2020/10/6/21504195/covid-schools-learning-loss-projections-nwea-credo\">learning loss\u003c/a> and \u003ca href=\"https://www.npr.org/2020/05/14/855641420/with-school-buildings-closed-children-s-mental-health-is-suffering\">negative social and emotional impacts\u003c/a>, especially for younger students, those with special needs and lower-income students.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The question of whether, and when, to reopen schools became a political debate over the summer when President Trump called \u003ca href=\"https://www.npr.org/2020/07/07/888161294/the-trump-administration-pushes-to-reopen-schools-in-the-fall\">forcefully for reopening\u003c/a> without providing additional funding through Congress. Biden, by contrast, has publicly noted the estimate by the School Superintendents Association and the Association of Educational Service Agencies that K-12 education needs at least $200 billion in emergency funding.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>This week the president-elect named a COVID-19 task force, composed of doctors and public health experts. Some members have spoken cautiously in favor of reopening schools, but only with proper safety measures in place — and the resources to do it right.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>For example, Dr. Vivek Murthy, the co-chair of the new task force, wrote on \u003ca href=\"https://twitter.com/vivek_murthy/status/1304432709029240833\">Twitter in September: \u003c/a> \"3 keys to open schools: low community prevalence of virus (critical), safety precautions (eg reduced class sizes, universal masking), and resources for implementation.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Dr. Ezekiel Emanuel, another task force member, co-authored an op-ed in \u003cem>The New York Times\u003c/em> in July that outlined \u003ca href=\"https://www.nytimes.com/2020/07/29/opinion/coronavirus-schools-reopen.html\">safe school reopening guidelines\u003c/a>. \"We all want schools to open, even as we recognize the risks attached,\" the piece noted. But it also reinforced the idea, \"Being safe is not free.\" In other words, following measures such as social distancing and smaller class sizes takes additional funding.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>That includes hiring teachers and substitutes to keep schools staffed. Becky Pringle, president of the National Education Association, told NPR that by the union's estimates almost 1 million educators have been laid off since the passage of the initial coronavirus relief package in the spring.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Aside from funding, experts told NPR they expect a Biden Department of Education to do more to help schools operate through the pandemic. Scott Sargrad at the left-leaning Center for American Progress said, \"I think you'll certainly hear from the Education Department more of an effort to actually provide guidance to school districts on ... how to ensure that, if you're considering reopening, that they can do that safely, how to improve their remote learning strategies.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The urgency of the pandemic — and a closely divided Senate, with control awaiting the outcome of two Georgia runoffs in January — also means that a coronavirus relief package could end up being this administration's most significant intervention in public schools.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Michael J. Petrilli of the conservative-leaning Thomas B. Fordham Institute pointed to the Obama-era Race to the Top initiative as a potential model. In 2009, tasked with crafting a giant economic rescue package amid the financial crisis, the Obama administration created a funding competition for states. Race to the Top influenced the adoption of the Common Core State Standards, high-stakes evaluations for teachers, data systems for schools and other innovations.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>This time, Petrilli said, \"I think the Biden folks are likely to be looking very carefully at what goes into this relief bill and try to get [Senate Majority Leader Mitch] McConnell and other Republicans to go along with as much as they can, to get some of their larger agenda.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003ch2>\u003cstrong>Teacher pay and respect\u003c/strong>\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>The U.S. Education Department controls only around 10% of the dollars spent on K-12 public education in this country. A lot of that comes through the $16 billion Title I program, which goes to schools serving the most high-poverty students. The \u003ca href=\"https://joebiden.com/education/#\">Biden campaign pledged\u003c/a> to triple that funding and, first off, direct states to use it preferentially to bump up teacher pay. \u003ca href=\"https://www.epi.org/publication/teacher-pay-penalty-dips-but-persists-in-2019-public-school-teachers-earn-about-20-less-in-weekly-wages-than-nonteacher-college-graduates/\">Teachers consistently make\u003c/a> about 20% less than other professionals with the same amount of education — a number that has risen slightly in the wake of teacher walkouts\u003ca href=\"https://www.npr.org/sections/ed/2018/04/25/602859780/teacher-walkouts-a-state-by-state-guide\"> in many states\u003c/a> in 2018.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>That's a lot of money, and the fate of Biden's Title I proposal is unknown, as is whether the federal government will be successful in telling cash-strapped states how to allocate that money if they do pass it.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Of course, one of the biggest ways in which the incoming administration will signal its support for educators is through the naming of an education secretary. \"It is a teacher. A teacher. Promise,\" Biden told the NEA, the nation's largest teachers union,\u003ca href=\"https://www.cnn.com/2019/07/05/politics/joe-biden-appoint-teacher-education-secretary/index.html\"> back in July 2019. \u003c/a>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"It seems like something we would take for granted, that the secretary of education would be an educator,\" the NEA's Pringle said. \"But no, it is something we have to say out loud.\" And she added, \"It brings a smile to my face to say it.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>However, that doesn't necessarily mean a K-12 teacher. \"The most politically savvy thing for them to do,\" the Fordham Institute's Petrilli said, \"is to pick somebody from the world of higher education who can get around some of the complications with their reform wing versus the union wing within the [Democratic Party].\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The Education Department wields a much bigger budgetary impact on higher education, through student aid, than it does with K-12. So, having someone in charge who's an expert in higher ed — for example the president of a historically black college or a community college — makes a lot of sense, Petrilli said.\u003c/p>\n\u003ch2>\u003cstrong>Rights and equity\u003c/strong>\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>The education secretary commands a bully pulpit, particularly on issues of discrimination, segregation and bias through the Office for Civil Rights. During her controversial tenure, the current secretary, Betsy DeVos, made headlines for \u003ca href=\"https://www.npr.org/sections/ed/2018/02/12/585181704/the-education-department-says-it-wont-act-on-transgender-student-bathroom-access\">rolling back\u003c/a> rights for students who are transgender, and for \u003ca href=\"https://www.npr.org/2018/12/18/675556455/devos-to-rescind-obama-era-guidance-on-school-discipline?fbclid=IwAR1Vp_5qDgG09fzy9MYr5EHhRYGifSHZqJSJM9_U5QV3no2G4BBen-2KTzE\">guidance on\u003c/a> racially discriminatory discipline.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Pringle said her union will be looking to Biden's Education Department to be a partner: \"On racial justice. Social justice. The work we still have to do for women and girls ... the rights of our LGBTQ students.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Sargrad of the Center for American Progress agreed: \"I think we'll see a real effort to actually enforce our nation's civil rights laws, and rebuild the Office for Civil Rights and make sure that they are investigating complaints, that they're pursuing cases, that they're taking their role as enforcing civil rights laws seriously.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003ch2>\u003cstrong>Early childhood education\u003c/strong>\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>The president-elect has promised a broad expansion of K-12 to include 3- and 4-year-olds in the form of \"high-quality, universal\" prekindergarten.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Publicly funded preschool has been gaining momentum in the states over the past two decades. Tulsa, Okla., adopted an influential and high-quality program in 2001, with \u003ca href=\"https://www.npr.org/sections/ed/2017/12/12/568378251/does-preschool-pay-off-tulsa-says-yes\">promising long-term results\u003c/a>. Washington, D.C., and New York City have programs, too, and Multnomah County, Ore., where Portland is located, just \u003ca href=\"https://www.opb.org/article/2020/11/04/preschool-for-all-multnomah-county-pass-fail-result/\">passed a preschool initiative\u003c/a> of its own.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The pandemic has driven\u003ca href=\"https://www.npr.org/2020/10/28/928253674/stuck-at-home-moms-the-pandemics-devastating-toll-on-women\"> hundreds of thousands of mothers\u003c/a> out of the workforce, highlighting the conflict between the needs of small children and the demands of the economy. At the Democratic National Convention this summer, Sen. Elizabeth Warren of Massachusetts delivered a remote address from an early childhood classroom, stressing the message that child care is \"\u003ca href=\"https://www.vox.com/2020/8/20/21376792/elizabeth-warren-dnc-convention-child-care-biden\">infrastructure for families\u003c/a>.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But, like tripling Title I and increasing teachers' pay, any major expansion of pre-K is going to be expensive, likely requiring both states and the federal government to chip in. Pringle said she'll be looking for action from agencies such as the Department of Health and Human Services, which oversees Head Start, and the Department of Labor as well as the Education Department.\u003c/p>\n\u003ch2>\u003cstrong>Higher ed \u003c/strong>\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>For higher education, Biden released an expensive and ambitious \u003ca href=\"https://joebiden.com/beyondhs/#\">plan during the campaign\u003c/a> that included free public colleges, loan forgiveness and more money for low-income students to pay for college.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Broadly, the federal government's approach to higher education seems almost certain to be less confrontational. In both rhetoric and policy, the Trump administration was openly hostile to colleges, viewing them as liberal, elite institutions that were out of touch with the rest of the country.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"Across most of public and private nonprofit higher ed, there is a sigh of relief,\" said Robert Kelchen, \u003ca href=\"https://www.shu.edu/profiles/robertkelchen.cfm\">a professor of higher education at Seton Hall University.\u003c/a>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"This will be an administration that cares about the challenges that students are facing, that knows that the cost of college is a significant problem and needs to be addressed both on the front end and the back end,\" said Antoinette Flores, \u003ca href=\"https://www.americanprogress.org/person/flores-antoinette/\">director of postsecondary education at the Center for American Progress\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Other experts, though, are less certain how far the Biden administration might go to fight for progressive policy proposals, some of which were borrowed from Warren and Sen. Bernie Sanders for the campaign.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"These plans, they look nothing like what [Biden] advocated in 2008, or really nothing like what he's advocated for most of his career,\" said Jason Delisle of the \u003ca href=\"https://www.aei.org/profile/jason-delisle/\">American Enterprise Institute,\u003c/a> a right-leaning think tank. \"We should take him at his word. But you look at what he's proposed on higher ed in the past, and you just sort of have to say, 'Do you really believe your own stuff here? How hard is he going to fight for this?' \"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Plus, there is the potential of a Republican-controlled Senate, which will pose a challenge for progressive legislation and funding increases. The administration will most likely rely on other ways to make policy changes: through executive orders and regulations from the Department of Education.\u003c/p>\n\u003ch2>\u003cstrong>More money \u003c/strong>\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>As with K-12 schools, the biggest priority for higher ed is getting through the pandemic. Just 40% of colleges are operating fully or primarily in person this fall.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"The finances are very bad across the board right now,\" Kelchen said. \"[Colleges] have laid off staff members, they've laid off faculty, they've cut majors in programs. They're doing everything they can to preserve their money so they can get through the length of the pandemic, and quite a few colleges are starting to run out of money because this has gone on so long.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The American Council on Education, a group representing college presidents, is \u003ca href=\"https://www.acenet.edu/News-Room/Pages/Statement-by-ACE-President-Ted-Mitchell-on-the-Election-of-Joe-Biden-and-Kamala-Harris.aspx\">asking for $120 billion to support higher ed\u003c/a>. A relief package will be a major priority for the Biden administration if the Trump administration and Congress can't do something in the meantime.\u003c/p>\n\u003ch2>\u003cstrong>Student loans\u003c/strong>\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>There was a lot of talk during the campaign, especially from Democratic candidates Warren and Sanders, about forgiving some — or all — of the nation's $1.5 trillion in student debt.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Congress and the Trump administration opened the door in March when they issued a moratorium on student loan payments because of the pandemic, \u003ca href=\"https://www.whitehouse.gov/presidential-actions/executive-order-fighting-spread-covid-19-providing-assistance-renters-homeowners/\">which Trump later extended through Dec. 31\u003c/a>. Higher education groups have \u003ca href=\"https://www.acenet.edu/Documents/Letter-NASFAA-TICAS-ACE-Borrower-Relief-110220.pdf\">asked DeVos to extend that suspension of payments until September 2021\u003c/a>. \"I expect the Biden administration to support that plan,\" Kelchen wrote in an op-ed in \u003cem>The Chronicle of Higher Education\u003c/em>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The pandemic may be good cover for loan forgiveness — Biden has proposed a number of changes to paying back loans, including canceling $10,000 in debt for students who work in national or community service.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But it's unclear exactly how the administration would go about doing that in a more permanent way. Warren has noted that the education secretary \u003ca href=\"https://www.npr.org/2020/01/14/796329598/cancelling-student-debt-is-easier-than-it-sounds\">does have the power to cancel loans\u003c/a> via an obscure and rarely used provision \u003ca href=\"https://greatdemocracyinitiative.org/wp-content/uploads/2019/12/HerrineStudentDebtJubilee_FINAL.pdf\">in a 1958 law\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"Would Biden's secretary of education use that authority to enact his loan-forgiveness plans? I don't know,\" Delisle said. \"Politically speaking, the question is, how far can you take it? Trump has pushed the envelope, in terms of power, and so for Democrats, it's really, how much can you get away with?\"\u003c/p>\n\u003ch2>\u003cstrong>Immigration\u003c/strong>\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>The Trump administration has tightened restrictions on immigration, which often directly affect higher education, notably in a roller coaster two weeks this summer when the administration tried \u003ca href=\"https://www.politico.com/news/2020/07/06/trump-international-students-ice-online-classes-349937\">to ban international students\u003c/a> from coming to the U.S. if their classes were held online due to the pandemic. It's possible the Biden administration will focus on immigration ahead of any policies specific to higher education.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"Higher education is, in general, very supportive of making it easier for international students to come to, and stay in, the U.S.,\" Kelchen said. \"International enrollment went down substantially this fall, part of it due to the pandemic and part of it due to changes in immigration policy. And that's a big revenue loss.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>A Biden administration could also push to make protections for DREAMers, young undocumented immigrants brought to the U.S. as children, permanent, and to create a path to American citizenship. \u003ca href=\"https://www.insidehighered.com/news/2020/06/19/compilation-statements-presidents-and-higher-ed-associations-supreme-courts-daca\">That policy has been encouraged \u003c/a>by high education leaders and groups.\u003c/p>\n\u003ch2>\u003cstrong>Walking back DeVos' policies\u003c/strong>\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>Additional policies the Biden administration may strengthen or revive that were dismantled or weakened under Trump include \"borrower defense to repayment,\" a policy that allows for the cancellation of debt when students have been misled or defrauded by their colleges and the \"gainful-employment\" rule, a policy that targets programs where debt is high in relation to income.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Another focus point: Title IX , which governs how colleges handle sexual assault and sexual harassment. As vice president, Biden helped craft federal guidelines around students' reports of assault — he personally unveiled \u003ca href=\"https://www.chronicle.com/article/how-a-20-page-letter-changed-the-way-higher-education-handles-sexual-assault/?cid2=gen_login_refresh&cid=gen_sign_in\">the now famous \"Dear Colleague\" letter\u003c/a> that outlined how colleges should handle reports.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Under DeVos, the rule was changed — strengthening protections for accused students and employees. Advocates for victims' rights said that made it harder for people to report offenses.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"I think [Biden] will continue prioritizing addressing sexual harassment and safe school climates for students,\" said Shiwali Patel of the National Women's Law Center, an organization challenging DeVos' Title IX changes in court.\u003c/p>\n\u003ch2>\u003cstrong>For-profit colleges\u003c/strong>\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>The Trump administration has been friendly with the for-profit sector, but that is set to change under a Biden administration. As the attorney general of California, \u003ca href=\"https://www.latimes.com/local/lanow/la-me-ln-corinthian-colleges-judgment-false-advertising-20160323-story.html\">Vice President-elect Kamala Harris prosecuted Corinthian Colleges\u003c/a>, a large chain of for-profit colleges that defrauded students.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"Harris' track record prosecuting for-profits and her awareness of the depths of the abuses is really important,\" said Flores of the Center for American Progress. \"I think that will inform the response in the regulations that come out of this administration.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad floatright]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>While several large for-profit companies were shut down under the Obama administration, the pandemic may usher in new growth to the sector, she noted. \u003ca href=\"https://www.brookings.edu/blog/brown-center-chalkboard/2020/11/02/the-alarming-rise-in-for-profit-college-enrollment/#:~:text=A%20recent%20report%20by%20the,in%20public%20community%20college%20enrollment.\">Already this fall, enrollment is up at for-profit colleges\u003c/a>, while all other types of colleges have seen declines.\u003c/p>\n\u003cdiv class=\"fullattribution\">Copyright 2020 NPR. To see more, visit https://www.npr.org.\u003cimg src=\"https://www.google-analytics.com/__utm.gif?utmac=UA-5828686-4&utmdt=What+A+Biden+Presidency+Could+Mean+For+Education&utme=8(APIKey)9(MDAxOTAwOTE4MDEyMTkxMDAzNjczZDljZA004)\">\u003c/div>\n\n",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>With the eyes of the country upon him, Joe Biden shouted out education during his speech Saturday in Wilmington, Del: \"For American educators, this is a great day for you all. You're going to have one of your own in the White House.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Of course, the president-elect was talking about his wife, Jill Biden, an English professor at Northern Virginia Community College. She continued her teaching career during Biden's two terms as vice president, and in a break with precedent, intends to continue doing so as first lady.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Which raises the question as the transition planning moves forward: How has this perspective shaped the president-elect's education agenda? And how much of that agenda can Joe Biden hope to achieve, with the massive challenges of the coronavirus and the economic recession, and with Democratic control of the Senate in doubt?\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Here's our overview of his policy priorities for K-12 and higher education:\u003c/p>\n\u003ch2>\u003cstrong>Reopening schools safely \u003c/strong>\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>Like so much in the country, experts say, the president's education agenda must start by confronting the threat of the coronavirus. As of Nov. 9, according to one \u003ca href=\"https://cai.burbio.com/school-opening-tracker/\">national\u003c/a> estimate, 63% of U.S. students were enrolled in districts that offered some in-person learning at least a few days a week.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But even within those districts, many or most students are staying home to avoid the virus. And education experts still forecast huge amounts of \u003ca href=\"https://www.chalkbeat.org/2020/10/6/21504195/covid-schools-learning-loss-projections-nwea-credo\">learning loss\u003c/a> and \u003ca href=\"https://www.npr.org/2020/05/14/855641420/with-school-buildings-closed-children-s-mental-health-is-suffering\">negative social and emotional impacts\u003c/a>, especially for younger students, those with special needs and lower-income students.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The question of whether, and when, to reopen schools became a political debate over the summer when President Trump called \u003ca href=\"https://www.npr.org/2020/07/07/888161294/the-trump-administration-pushes-to-reopen-schools-in-the-fall\">forcefully for reopening\u003c/a> without providing additional funding through Congress. Biden, by contrast, has publicly noted the estimate by the School Superintendents Association and the Association of Educational Service Agencies that K-12 education needs at least $200 billion in emergency funding.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>This week the president-elect named a COVID-19 task force, composed of doctors and public health experts. Some members have spoken cautiously in favor of reopening schools, but only with proper safety measures in place — and the resources to do it right.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>For example, Dr. Vivek Murthy, the co-chair of the new task force, wrote on \u003ca href=\"https://twitter.com/vivek_murthy/status/1304432709029240833\">Twitter in September: \u003c/a> \"3 keys to open schools: low community prevalence of virus (critical), safety precautions (eg reduced class sizes, universal masking), and resources for implementation.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Dr. Ezekiel Emanuel, another task force member, co-authored an op-ed in \u003cem>The New York Times\u003c/em> in July that outlined \u003ca href=\"https://www.nytimes.com/2020/07/29/opinion/coronavirus-schools-reopen.html\">safe school reopening guidelines\u003c/a>. \"We all want schools to open, even as we recognize the risks attached,\" the piece noted. But it also reinforced the idea, \"Being safe is not free.\" In other words, following measures such as social distancing and smaller class sizes takes additional funding.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>That includes hiring teachers and substitutes to keep schools staffed. Becky Pringle, president of the National Education Association, told NPR that by the union's estimates almost 1 million educators have been laid off since the passage of the initial coronavirus relief package in the spring.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Aside from funding, experts told NPR they expect a Biden Department of Education to do more to help schools operate through the pandemic. Scott Sargrad at the left-leaning Center for American Progress said, \"I think you'll certainly hear from the Education Department more of an effort to actually provide guidance to school districts on ... how to ensure that, if you're considering reopening, that they can do that safely, how to improve their remote learning strategies.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The urgency of the pandemic — and a closely divided Senate, with control awaiting the outcome of two Georgia runoffs in January — also means that a coronavirus relief package could end up being this administration's most significant intervention in public schools.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Michael J. Petrilli of the conservative-leaning Thomas B. Fordham Institute pointed to the Obama-era Race to the Top initiative as a potential model. In 2009, tasked with crafting a giant economic rescue package amid the financial crisis, the Obama administration created a funding competition for states. Race to the Top influenced the adoption of the Common Core State Standards, high-stakes evaluations for teachers, data systems for schools and other innovations.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>This time, Petrilli said, \"I think the Biden folks are likely to be looking very carefully at what goes into this relief bill and try to get [Senate Majority Leader Mitch] McConnell and other Republicans to go along with as much as they can, to get some of their larger agenda.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003ch2>\u003cstrong>Teacher pay and respect\u003c/strong>\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>The U.S. Education Department controls only around 10% of the dollars spent on K-12 public education in this country. A lot of that comes through the $16 billion Title I program, which goes to schools serving the most high-poverty students. The \u003ca href=\"https://joebiden.com/education/#\">Biden campaign pledged\u003c/a> to triple that funding and, first off, direct states to use it preferentially to bump up teacher pay. \u003ca href=\"https://www.epi.org/publication/teacher-pay-penalty-dips-but-persists-in-2019-public-school-teachers-earn-about-20-less-in-weekly-wages-than-nonteacher-college-graduates/\">Teachers consistently make\u003c/a> about 20% less than other professionals with the same amount of education — a number that has risen slightly in the wake of teacher walkouts\u003ca href=\"https://www.npr.org/sections/ed/2018/04/25/602859780/teacher-walkouts-a-state-by-state-guide\"> in many states\u003c/a> in 2018.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>That's a lot of money, and the fate of Biden's Title I proposal is unknown, as is whether the federal government will be successful in telling cash-strapped states how to allocate that money if they do pass it.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Of course, one of the biggest ways in which the incoming administration will signal its support for educators is through the naming of an education secretary. \"It is a teacher. A teacher. Promise,\" Biden told the NEA, the nation's largest teachers union,\u003ca href=\"https://www.cnn.com/2019/07/05/politics/joe-biden-appoint-teacher-education-secretary/index.html\"> back in July 2019. \u003c/a>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"It seems like something we would take for granted, that the secretary of education would be an educator,\" the NEA's Pringle said. \"But no, it is something we have to say out loud.\" And she added, \"It brings a smile to my face to say it.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>However, that doesn't necessarily mean a K-12 teacher. \"The most politically savvy thing for them to do,\" the Fordham Institute's Petrilli said, \"is to pick somebody from the world of higher education who can get around some of the complications with their reform wing versus the union wing within the [Democratic Party].\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The Education Department wields a much bigger budgetary impact on higher education, through student aid, than it does with K-12. So, having someone in charge who's an expert in higher ed — for example the president of a historically black college or a community college — makes a lot of sense, Petrilli said.\u003c/p>\n\u003ch2>\u003cstrong>Rights and equity\u003c/strong>\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>The education secretary commands a bully pulpit, particularly on issues of discrimination, segregation and bias through the Office for Civil Rights. During her controversial tenure, the current secretary, Betsy DeVos, made headlines for \u003ca href=\"https://www.npr.org/sections/ed/2018/02/12/585181704/the-education-department-says-it-wont-act-on-transgender-student-bathroom-access\">rolling back\u003c/a> rights for students who are transgender, and for \u003ca href=\"https://www.npr.org/2018/12/18/675556455/devos-to-rescind-obama-era-guidance-on-school-discipline?fbclid=IwAR1Vp_5qDgG09fzy9MYr5EHhRYGifSHZqJSJM9_U5QV3no2G4BBen-2KTzE\">guidance on\u003c/a> racially discriminatory discipline.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Pringle said her union will be looking to Biden's Education Department to be a partner: \"On racial justice. Social justice. The work we still have to do for women and girls ... the rights of our LGBTQ students.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Sargrad of the Center for American Progress agreed: \"I think we'll see a real effort to actually enforce our nation's civil rights laws, and rebuild the Office for Civil Rights and make sure that they are investigating complaints, that they're pursuing cases, that they're taking their role as enforcing civil rights laws seriously.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003ch2>\u003cstrong>Early childhood education\u003c/strong>\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>The president-elect has promised a broad expansion of K-12 to include 3- and 4-year-olds in the form of \"high-quality, universal\" prekindergarten.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Publicly funded preschool has been gaining momentum in the states over the past two decades. Tulsa, Okla., adopted an influential and high-quality program in 2001, with \u003ca href=\"https://www.npr.org/sections/ed/2017/12/12/568378251/does-preschool-pay-off-tulsa-says-yes\">promising long-term results\u003c/a>. Washington, D.C., and New York City have programs, too, and Multnomah County, Ore., where Portland is located, just \u003ca href=\"https://www.opb.org/article/2020/11/04/preschool-for-all-multnomah-county-pass-fail-result/\">passed a preschool initiative\u003c/a> of its own.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The pandemic has driven\u003ca href=\"https://www.npr.org/2020/10/28/928253674/stuck-at-home-moms-the-pandemics-devastating-toll-on-women\"> hundreds of thousands of mothers\u003c/a> out of the workforce, highlighting the conflict between the needs of small children and the demands of the economy. At the Democratic National Convention this summer, Sen. Elizabeth Warren of Massachusetts delivered a remote address from an early childhood classroom, stressing the message that child care is \"\u003ca href=\"https://www.vox.com/2020/8/20/21376792/elizabeth-warren-dnc-convention-child-care-biden\">infrastructure for families\u003c/a>.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But, like tripling Title I and increasing teachers' pay, any major expansion of pre-K is going to be expensive, likely requiring both states and the federal government to chip in. Pringle said she'll be looking for action from agencies such as the Department of Health and Human Services, which oversees Head Start, and the Department of Labor as well as the Education Department.\u003c/p>\n\u003ch2>\u003cstrong>Higher ed \u003c/strong>\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>For higher education, Biden released an expensive and ambitious \u003ca href=\"https://joebiden.com/beyondhs/#\">plan during the campaign\u003c/a> that included free public colleges, loan forgiveness and more money for low-income students to pay for college.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Broadly, the federal government's approach to higher education seems almost certain to be less confrontational. In both rhetoric and policy, the Trump administration was openly hostile to colleges, viewing them as liberal, elite institutions that were out of touch with the rest of the country.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"Across most of public and private nonprofit higher ed, there is a sigh of relief,\" said Robert Kelchen, \u003ca href=\"https://www.shu.edu/profiles/robertkelchen.cfm\">a professor of higher education at Seton Hall University.\u003c/a>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"This will be an administration that cares about the challenges that students are facing, that knows that the cost of college is a significant problem and needs to be addressed both on the front end and the back end,\" said Antoinette Flores, \u003ca href=\"https://www.americanprogress.org/person/flores-antoinette/\">director of postsecondary education at the Center for American Progress\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Other experts, though, are less certain how far the Biden administration might go to fight for progressive policy proposals, some of which were borrowed from Warren and Sen. Bernie Sanders for the campaign.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"These plans, they look nothing like what [Biden] advocated in 2008, or really nothing like what he's advocated for most of his career,\" said Jason Delisle of the \u003ca href=\"https://www.aei.org/profile/jason-delisle/\">American Enterprise Institute,\u003c/a> a right-leaning think tank. \"We should take him at his word. But you look at what he's proposed on higher ed in the past, and you just sort of have to say, 'Do you really believe your own stuff here? How hard is he going to fight for this?' \"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Plus, there is the potential of a Republican-controlled Senate, which will pose a challenge for progressive legislation and funding increases. The administration will most likely rely on other ways to make policy changes: through executive orders and regulations from the Department of Education.\u003c/p>\n\u003ch2>\u003cstrong>More money \u003c/strong>\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>As with K-12 schools, the biggest priority for higher ed is getting through the pandemic. Just 40% of colleges are operating fully or primarily in person this fall.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"The finances are very bad across the board right now,\" Kelchen said. \"[Colleges] have laid off staff members, they've laid off faculty, they've cut majors in programs. They're doing everything they can to preserve their money so they can get through the length of the pandemic, and quite a few colleges are starting to run out of money because this has gone on so long.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The American Council on Education, a group representing college presidents, is \u003ca href=\"https://www.acenet.edu/News-Room/Pages/Statement-by-ACE-President-Ted-Mitchell-on-the-Election-of-Joe-Biden-and-Kamala-Harris.aspx\">asking for $120 billion to support higher ed\u003c/a>. A relief package will be a major priority for the Biden administration if the Trump administration and Congress can't do something in the meantime.\u003c/p>\n\u003ch2>\u003cstrong>Student loans\u003c/strong>\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>There was a lot of talk during the campaign, especially from Democratic candidates Warren and Sanders, about forgiving some — or all — of the nation's $1.5 trillion in student debt.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Congress and the Trump administration opened the door in March when they issued a moratorium on student loan payments because of the pandemic, \u003ca href=\"https://www.whitehouse.gov/presidential-actions/executive-order-fighting-spread-covid-19-providing-assistance-renters-homeowners/\">which Trump later extended through Dec. 31\u003c/a>. Higher education groups have \u003ca href=\"https://www.acenet.edu/Documents/Letter-NASFAA-TICAS-ACE-Borrower-Relief-110220.pdf\">asked DeVos to extend that suspension of payments until September 2021\u003c/a>. \"I expect the Biden administration to support that plan,\" Kelchen wrote in an op-ed in \u003cem>The Chronicle of Higher Education\u003c/em>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The pandemic may be good cover for loan forgiveness — Biden has proposed a number of changes to paying back loans, including canceling $10,000 in debt for students who work in national or community service.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But it's unclear exactly how the administration would go about doing that in a more permanent way. Warren has noted that the education secretary \u003ca href=\"https://www.npr.org/2020/01/14/796329598/cancelling-student-debt-is-easier-than-it-sounds\">does have the power to cancel loans\u003c/a> via an obscure and rarely used provision \u003ca href=\"https://greatdemocracyinitiative.org/wp-content/uploads/2019/12/HerrineStudentDebtJubilee_FINAL.pdf\">in a 1958 law\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"Would Biden's secretary of education use that authority to enact his loan-forgiveness plans? I don't know,\" Delisle said. \"Politically speaking, the question is, how far can you take it? Trump has pushed the envelope, in terms of power, and so for Democrats, it's really, how much can you get away with?\"\u003c/p>\n\u003ch2>\u003cstrong>Immigration\u003c/strong>\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>The Trump administration has tightened restrictions on immigration, which often directly affect higher education, notably in a roller coaster two weeks this summer when the administration tried \u003ca href=\"https://www.politico.com/news/2020/07/06/trump-international-students-ice-online-classes-349937\">to ban international students\u003c/a> from coming to the U.S. if their classes were held online due to the pandemic. It's possible the Biden administration will focus on immigration ahead of any policies specific to higher education.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"Higher education is, in general, very supportive of making it easier for international students to come to, and stay in, the U.S.,\" Kelchen said. \"International enrollment went down substantially this fall, part of it due to the pandemic and part of it due to changes in immigration policy. And that's a big revenue loss.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>A Biden administration could also push to make protections for DREAMers, young undocumented immigrants brought to the U.S. as children, permanent, and to create a path to American citizenship. \u003ca href=\"https://www.insidehighered.com/news/2020/06/19/compilation-statements-presidents-and-higher-ed-associations-supreme-courts-daca\">That policy has been encouraged \u003c/a>by high education leaders and groups.\u003c/p>\n\u003ch2>\u003cstrong>Walking back DeVos' policies\u003c/strong>\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>Additional policies the Biden administration may strengthen or revive that were dismantled or weakened under Trump include \"borrower defense to repayment,\" a policy that allows for the cancellation of debt when students have been misled or defrauded by their colleges and the \"gainful-employment\" rule, a policy that targets programs where debt is high in relation to income.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Another focus point: Title IX , which governs how colleges handle sexual assault and sexual harassment. As vice president, Biden helped craft federal guidelines around students' reports of assault — he personally unveiled \u003ca href=\"https://www.chronicle.com/article/how-a-20-page-letter-changed-the-way-higher-education-handles-sexual-assault/?cid2=gen_login_refresh&cid=gen_sign_in\">the now famous \"Dear Colleague\" letter\u003c/a> that outlined how colleges should handle reports.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Under DeVos, the rule was changed — strengthening protections for accused students and employees. Advocates for victims' rights said that made it harder for people to report offenses.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"I think [Biden] will continue prioritizing addressing sexual harassment and safe school climates for students,\" said Shiwali Patel of the National Women's Law Center, an organization challenging DeVos' Title IX changes in court.\u003c/p>\n\u003ch2>\u003cstrong>For-profit colleges\u003c/strong>\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>The Trump administration has been friendly with the for-profit sector, but that is set to change under a Biden administration. As the attorney general of California, \u003ca href=\"https://www.latimes.com/local/lanow/la-me-ln-corinthian-colleges-judgment-false-advertising-20160323-story.html\">Vice President-elect Kamala Harris prosecuted Corinthian Colleges\u003c/a>, a large chain of for-profit colleges that defrauded students.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"Harris' track record prosecuting for-profits and her awareness of the depths of the abuses is really important,\" said Flores of the Center for American Progress. \"I think that will inform the response in the regulations that come out of this administration.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>While several large for-profit companies were shut down under the Obama administration, the pandemic may usher in new growth to the sector, she noted. \u003ca href=\"https://www.brookings.edu/blog/brown-center-chalkboard/2020/11/02/the-alarming-rise-in-for-profit-college-enrollment/#:~:text=A%20recent%20report%20by%20the,in%20public%20community%20college%20enrollment.\">Already this fall, enrollment is up at for-profit colleges\u003c/a>, while all other types of colleges have seen declines.\u003c/p>\n\u003cdiv class=\"fullattribution\">Copyright 2020 NPR. To see more, visit https://www.npr.org.\u003cimg src=\"https://www.google-analytics.com/__utm.gif?utmac=UA-5828686-4&utmdt=What+A+Biden+Presidency+Could+Mean+For+Education&utme=8(APIKey)9(MDAxOTAwOTE4MDEyMTkxMDAzNjczZDljZA004)\">\u003c/div>\n\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>",
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"disqusTitle": "What Kindergarten Struggles Could Mean for a Child’s Later Years",
"title": "What Kindergarten Struggles Could Mean for a Child’s Later Years",
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"content": "\u003cp>\u003cem>This story about online kindergarten was produced by \u003c/em>\u003ca href=\"http://hechingerreport.org/\">The Hechinger Report\u003c/a>\u003cem>, a nonprofit, independent news organization focused on inequality and innovation in education. Sign up for the \u003c/em>\u003ca href=\"http://hechingerreport.us2.list-manage1.com/subscribe?u=66c306eebb323868c3ce353c1&id=d3ee4c3e04\">\u003cem>Hechinger newsletter\u003c/em>\u003c/a>\u003cem>.\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In Greenbrier County, West Virginia, Jennifer Holley began the year teaching nine 5-year-olds in person and 14 online. Her first online kindergarten class was a bit of a mess, she said. Only three children were correctly logged in, while her email and the school’s phone were flooded with requests for technical help from the frantic parents and grandparents of the other kids.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“One child was talking away and answering my questions,” Holley said. “The only problem was I couldn’t hear him. It’s very frustrating. I don’t think all of these children are going to get what they need and that frightens me.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Parents are equally overwhelmed, according to email interviews with more than two dozen kindergarten families.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“She can't do anything independently,” said Suzanne Parker Miller, 40, of her 5-year-old daughter, Salem. “Not reading yet or knowing how to use a computer or mouse or knowing how to use a keyboard — everything takes longer and requires my help. It has been difficult to manage and — five weeks in — still feels unsustainable.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Miller, who is a pastor and children’s advocate in Raleigh, North Carolina, said \u003ca href=\"https://goodfaithmedia.org/no-playing-politics-with-our-kids-health/\">her family was straining\u003c/a> under the intensity of what she had looked forward to as a seminal year in her child’s life.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“I find the grief about the lost semester of school to virtual learning (the social interactions and experiences I can't replicate at home) comes in waves and at unexpected times,” Miller said in her email.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Kindergarten is designed for young children, who learn best by doing. And while pre-literacy and math skills are covered, building block towers, playing make-believe and mastering the playground equipment are also key elements of this critical grade.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“I don’t want to pit one grade against another,” said Laura Bornfreund, the director of early and elementary education policy at New America, a progressive think tank. “But the foundational knowledge, the skills to be able to learn and do well in school later are so important. Kindergarten matters a lot.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_56888\" class=\"wp-caption alignnone\" style=\"max-width: 1920px\">\u003cimg class=\"size-full wp-image-56888\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/23/2020/10/Lillian-Mongeau-Kindergarten-Sadie-Kenzler-scaled-e1603781315997.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"1920\" height=\"1440\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">“As a mom and teacher, I have also been realizing more than ever how BIG schools are in kid's lives for childcare, food, mental health care, safety, and so much more.” Sadie Kenzler, whose daughter is attending virtual kindergarten. Portland, Oregon. \u003ccite>(Sadie Kenzler)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Approximately \u003ca href=\"https://nces.ed.gov/programs/digest/d19/tables/dt19_203.10.asp\">3.7 million 5-year-olds\u003c/a> were expected to enroll in kindergarten this fall. In pandemic times, most of them — \u003ca href=\"https://info.burbio.com/press/\">62 percent by one estimate\u003c/a> — were slated to start the school year sitting at home in front of a computer.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Asked what 5-year-olds stand to lose if their entire kindergarten experience is moved online, Bornfreund was concise: “All of it.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>And children who already have the least stand to lose the most. Research has shown that \u003ca href=\"https://hechingerreport.org/sending-your-boy-to-preschool-is-great-for-your-grandson-new-research-shows/\">high-quality early education benefits children\u003c/a>, especially children from low-income families, through to their adulthood. A strong start can improve academic achievement, financial independence, even heart health. For the most vulnerable students, missing kindergarten could become a permanent handicap.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>As consensus grows that \u003ca href=\"https://www.npr.org/2020/10/16/924396576/what-health-data-says-about-safely-reopening-schools\">schools are not the superspreaders\u003c/a> of the virus they were initially feared to be, many districts are working to bring their youngest students back to school. However, students of color were the least likely to return to school in person this fall. A September \u003ca href=\"https://www.chalkbeat.org/2020/9/11/21431146/hispanic-and-black-students-more-likely-than-white-students-to-start-the-school-year-online\">survey of 677 school districts\u003c/a> found that 79 percent of Hispanic students, 75 percent of Black students and 51 percent of white students wouldn’t have the option of in-person learning in September, according the survey by the news service AP and Chalkbeat, a nonprofit news organization focused on education.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>(Schools district plans are changing so rapidly that it is impossible to pin down concrete numbers that can be counted on for the whole year, so snapshots like those provided by surveys offer the best information we have at the moment.)\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>If missing kindergarten “could happen equitably it doesn’t seem like a tragedy to me, but the fact is that kids’ experiences are just going to be incredibly unequal,” said Mimi Engel, an associate professor of education at the University of Colorado, Boulder, who studies how children learn in kindergarten.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Nobody is prepared for this, Engel said, including teachers.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“We already have something that’s ‘good online kindergarten’ called Sesame Street,” said Engel. “That’s quality programming originally targeted to low-income kids. You’d want something as engaging as that. And to expect a teacher to create that is unreasonable.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>What life looks like for 5-year-olds this year will vary immensely depending on where they live, who they live with and whether their schools are offering instruction online or in person. What is certain is that many, if not most, of this year’s kindergartners will enter first grade knowing less than they would have learned in a typical year. And the variation between what different kids know will have grown.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“We can’t just ignore going into first grade that kids didn’t have kindergarten,” said Bornfreund. “Without the recognition that this year was just a loss, that’s going to be to the detriment of kids.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_56890\" class=\"wp-caption alignnone\" style=\"max-width: 1920px\">\u003cimg class=\"size-full wp-image-56890\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/23/2020/10/Lillian-Mongeau-Kindergarten-Kisha-Young-2-e1603781348934.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"1920\" height=\"1440\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Kariyana Young, 6, attends school virtually from her bedroom in Port Orchard, Washington. \u003ccite>(Kisha Young )\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>In West Virginia, kindergarten teacher Holley said she feels better about the experience of her in-person students. By early October, two of her online kindergarten students were attending in person and she expected more to follow. Nationally, more than a third of children (about 38 percent) were attending school in person either a few days a week or every day at the start of the school year. Anecdotally, it’s going better than expected.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“The kids are handling it remarkably well,” Holley said of her students, two thirds of whom come from families living in poverty. “I think a lot of us thought, ‘Oh the kids will never wear masks.’ They are doing just fine.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Holley said the staff at Rupert Elementary School in Crawley, West Virginia, where she teaches, has pulled together and she’s never felt more supported. She thinks they are doing everything they can to keep in-person learning safe. That doesn’t mean she isn’t terrified sometimes.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“My biggest fear is that a child will get the virus, transmit it to their caregiver and then the caregiver will die and the child will have no one,” she said. “Children need to be in school; it’s the most important thing. And it’s a pandemic. This is not going to be a normal year.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Safety concerns plague parents too. And yet, of the many families interviewed for this story, those with kids in school were the happiest.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Vivian Olsen, 5, goes to school four days a week in Eagle, Colorado. She thinks of her masks “like an accessory,” said her mom, Robin Olsen, 47, who works remotely for a Dallas-based investment firm. More importantly to Olsen, Vivian comes home each day proclaiming it to have been “the best day of my life.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“We are so grateful for our teachers and educators for showing up EVERY day for our children,” said Olsen by email. “Most of them are parents too — it must be a lot to juggle and I am humbled by their courage.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Adding to the juggling act, some districts are frequently switching schedules. In State College, Pennsylvania, parents are getting a notice each Friday about whether they will have in-person school or virtual school.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“It was the first time in almost six months I received a solid block of time to work that was quiet and without interruptions or distractions,” said Tiffany Mathews, 44, of her twins’ first week of kindergarten in State College. Then the Covid-19 infection rate in the area jumped and school moved online.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Their teacher is great and very helpful,” said Mathews, who works as a program coordinator for science education outreach at Penn State. “However, trying to work with kindergarteners going to school at home is chaotic and productivity for my work has hit a wall (again). Not sure how this is going to be sustainable for nine months.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_56886\" class=\"wp-caption alignnone\" style=\"max-width: 1920px\">\u003cimg class=\"size-full wp-image-56886\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/23/2020/10/Lillian-Mongeau-Kindergarten-Nicol-Russell-scaled.jpeg\" alt=\"\" width=\"1920\" height=\"2560\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/23/2020/10/Lillian-Mongeau-Kindergarten-Nicol-Russell-scaled.jpeg 1920w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/23/2020/10/Lillian-Mongeau-Kindergarten-Nicol-Russell-800x1067.jpeg 800w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/23/2020/10/Lillian-Mongeau-Kindergarten-Nicol-Russell-1020x1360.jpeg 1020w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/23/2020/10/Lillian-Mongeau-Kindergarten-Nicol-Russell-160x213.jpeg 160w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/23/2020/10/Lillian-Mongeau-Kindergarten-Nicol-Russell-768x1024.jpeg 768w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/23/2020/10/Lillian-Mongeau-Kindergarten-Nicol-Russell-1152x1536.jpeg 1152w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/23/2020/10/Lillian-Mongeau-Kindergarten-Nicol-Russell-1536x2048.jpeg 1536w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 1920px) 100vw, 1920px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">“I know my daughter deserves better than a six-hour day on Zoom with 25 other children. I know her teacher deserves better. And I feel powerless to help make it better. I feel defeated.” Nicol Russell on her daughter Makena’s experience with virtual kindergarten. Phoenix, Arizona. \u003ccite>( Nicol Russell)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>For many teachers and parents, however, the risks of in-person school simply feel too high.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Jennifer Callahan of Redmond, Oregon has taught kindergarten for 25 years. Her husband’s fragile health made her think she might have to quit her job this fall if teaching in person was her only option. He’s had two recent surgeries and she didn’t feel safe going into a classroom every day and then possibly bringing the virus home.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Instead, she volunteered to be her district’s kindergarten teacher for the students who opted to go online all year. Her 42 students come from all eight district elementary schools, she said, representing both the high- and low-income areas of her small city in central Oregon. Their families have chosen the online option, often because of health conditions in their own homes, and signed a contract designating an adult who will supervise learning at home.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>She said it’s a relief to feel that none of the adults involved expect perfection from each other. “They have asked for grace as well as said they would provide grace on my part,” she said of the parents, grandparents, older siblings and babysitters she’ll be working with all year long. “It was comforting to find out that they wanted that flexibility as well as being willing to provide it.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Callahan has come up with dozens of ways to make online kindergarten work. Kids show they can identify letters by finding them on the keyboard and typing them into the chat box. Callahan leads “brain breaks” mid-lesson so kids stand up and move for a minute. To get to know their classmates, she has kids run to find certain items in their house and then hold them up in front of the camera. There’s crazy hat day, guest speaker day, pet show-and-tell day. She’s hooked her document camera up to her video feed so that kids can see her writing, and a colleague created digital versions of their social-emotional teaching materials. She introduced estimation by explaining to kids that she now keeps chickens — a pandemic hobby — and asks them to estimate the number of eggs in a basket she holds up for them. She hopes to take any student who wants to come on a socially-distanced snowshoe adventure this winter.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Callahan said that to preserve her optimism she had to stop paying attention to negative comments about online kindergarten, which can seem ubiquitous on her social media. “We didn’t choose this,” she said. “And we have to find a way to make it work.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Many public school families have already given up trying to make it work and are simply opting out. Firm national figures are not yet available, but\u003ca href=\"https://medium.com/rapid-ec-project\"> a research team based at the University of Oregon\u003c/a> estimates that as many as 600,000 fewer children than expected have enrolled in public kindergarten this fall. If that’s accurate, it would be about a 17 percent decline in kindergarten enrollment. According to the surveys the team conducted, nearly half (47 percent) of parents reported that they could not manage having their child in kindergarten along with their other responsibilities.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The trend is widespread. In Los Angeles, \u003ca href=\"https://www.latimes.com/california/story/2020-09-01/lausd-kingergarten-enrollment-drop-online-learning?_amp=true&__twitter_impression=true\">6,000 fewer kindergarteners showed up for school\u003c/a> this fall, a 14 percent drop from fall 2019. \u003ca href=\"https://www.seattletimes.com/education-lab/washington-state-kindergarten-enrollment-drops-14-amid-pandemic-where-are-the-children/\">Washington state saw a 14 percent drop\u003c/a> in kindergarten enrollment as well. In Philadelphia, \u003ca href=\"https://philadelphia.chalkbeat.org/2020/9/15/21439026/principal-leader-says-hite-is-pausing-mass-teacher-transfer-based-on-enrollment\">kindergarten enrollment was down 25 percent\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Michelle Blanchet, 35, a teacher training consultant and mom to a kindergartner and a first grader, has decided to homeschool her kids, at least until the family moves to Switzerland in February. Though they currently live in Leesburg, Virginia, Blanchet’s husband and children are Swiss. The Blanchets had already planned to move, but “the political climate and mismanagement of the pandemic have definitely created more of a sense of urgency,” Blanchet said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In the meantime, Blanchet said she picks a theme each week and makes the lessons age-appropriate so that both of her children are learning at their current levels.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Honestly, I think it takes me a fraction of the time it would to sit with my children and do distance learning (and I think hands on learning is much higher quality),” Blanchet said in an email.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_56885\" class=\"wp-caption alignnone\" style=\"max-width: 1920px\">\u003cimg class=\"size-full wp-image-56885\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/23/2020/10/Lillian-Mongeau-Kindergarten-Juan-Vazquez-e1603781440929.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"1920\" height=\"1440\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Aaron Vazquez, 5, in his “classroom” on his first day of virtual kindergarten in Ft. Worth, Texas. \u003ccite>(Juan Vazquez )\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Some parents who would have used the public schools have enrolled their children in private schools or decided to pay special child care centers to supervise their kids using online public school programs.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Teddy Brown, 5, lives a five-minute walk from his local elementary school in Columbia, South Carolina. His parents bought the house precisely because of that short walk, said his mom, Jessica Brown. And yet, this year Teddy started kindergarten at his Catholic parish’s private school. Brown, an economics professor at the University of South Carolina, knows her family is lucky to be able to afford this option. She also thinks it didn’t have to be this way.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“I feel a bit abandoned and betrayed by the public schools,” Brown said in an email. “If it’s safe for daycares to be open and caring for 4- and 5-year-olds, then I think they could have at least tried to open kindergarten. Instead, they’re treating it like an all or nothing decision. Either the entire school system is open or it’s closed. We need to do better for our youngest kids.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>It remains to be seen whether families like the Browns will return to public schools when they reopen, whenever that may be.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_56884\" class=\"wp-caption alignnone\" style=\"max-width: 1920px\">\u003cimg class=\"size-full wp-image-56884\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/23/2020/10/Lillian-Mongeau-Kindergarten-Jessica-Hedrich-Brown-scaled-e1603781255498.jpeg\" alt=\"\" width=\"1920\" height=\"2560\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/23/2020/10/Lillian-Mongeau-Kindergarten-Jessica-Hedrich-Brown-scaled-e1603781255498.jpeg 1920w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/23/2020/10/Lillian-Mongeau-Kindergarten-Jessica-Hedrich-Brown-scaled-e1603781255498-800x1067.jpeg 800w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/23/2020/10/Lillian-Mongeau-Kindergarten-Jessica-Hedrich-Brown-scaled-e1603781255498-1020x1360.jpeg 1020w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/23/2020/10/Lillian-Mongeau-Kindergarten-Jessica-Hedrich-Brown-scaled-e1603781255498-160x213.jpeg 160w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/23/2020/10/Lillian-Mongeau-Kindergarten-Jessica-Hedrich-Brown-scaled-e1603781255498-768x1024.jpeg 768w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/23/2020/10/Lillian-Mongeau-Kindergarten-Jessica-Hedrich-Brown-scaled-e1603781255498-1152x1536.jpeg 1152w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/23/2020/10/Lillian-Mongeau-Kindergarten-Jessica-Hedrich-Brown-scaled-e1603781255498-1536x2048.jpeg 1536w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 1920px) 100vw, 1920px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">“We were lucky to get the last spot in our parish’s kindergarten class and to be able to afford it. There are lots of families who don’t have that option.” Jessica Brown on her son Teddy’s experience attending school in person. Columbia, South Carolina. \u003ccite>(Jessica Brown)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>And when schools do reopen, this missed year will have to be accounted for, said kindergarten expert Bornfreund. Indeed, first grade teachers should be prepared to start their 2021 school year in more of a kindergarten mindset, she said. She wants to see districts bring kids to school next summer, if it’s safe, to stem learning loss. And she hopes educators use the moment to step back and think deeply about what makes kindergarten so important and then focus on that.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In the meantime, she said, offering social-emotional support to young children and their families is going to be paramount for the 2020-21 school year.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Understanding where they are will help the academic learning,” Bornfreund said. “This is just an especially challenging time.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Despite it all, there are some moments worth savoring, said Esther Berg, 46, whose youngest is enrolled in online kindergarten in Springfield, Virginia. Sometimes, during class, her son will reach over and grab her hand.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_56882\" class=\"wp-caption alignnone\" style=\"max-width: 1080px\">\u003cimg class=\"size-full wp-image-56882\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/23/2020/10/Lillian-Mongeau-Kindergarten-Esther-Rege-Berg.png\" alt=\"\" width=\"1080\" height=\"1920\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/23/2020/10/Lillian-Mongeau-Kindergarten-Esther-Rege-Berg.png 1080w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/23/2020/10/Lillian-Mongeau-Kindergarten-Esther-Rege-Berg-800x1422.png 800w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/23/2020/10/Lillian-Mongeau-Kindergarten-Esther-Rege-Berg-1020x1813.png 1020w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/23/2020/10/Lillian-Mongeau-Kindergarten-Esther-Rege-Berg-160x284.png 160w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/23/2020/10/Lillian-Mongeau-Kindergarten-Esther-Rege-Berg-768x1365.png 768w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/23/2020/10/Lillian-Mongeau-Kindergarten-Esther-Rege-Berg-864x1536.png 864w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 1080px) 100vw, 1080px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">“Sometimes during class, he’ll reach over and grab my hand.” Esther Berg on her son Julian’s experience with virtual kindergarten. Springfield, Virginia. \u003ccite>(Esther Berg)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>“Being able to stay with him and see him throughout the day has been bittersweet for me,” said Berg, who works in communications. “I’m thrilled to be there when he laughs and enjoys different parts of his day, but feel like I’m intruding on a part of his life that should be exclusively his. It’s hard.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>It can also get weird. In Boise, Idaho, Elizabeth Lion, 5, opened her phys ed class link recently only to find a YouTube video of someone twerking, a booty-shaking dance move, instead of playing soccer. “My younger boys do the PE classes with my kindergartner and they were confused about why they had to ‘do stuff with their butt,’” said Elizabeth’s mom, Kate Lion, 37.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The link, posted by accident, was deleted by school staff as soon as Lion, a stay-at-home parent, alerted them to the error. Overall, she said that to the extent she could drop the idea of Elizabeth getting a “normal” kindergarten year, online school was going pretty well.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“I had to realize that my expectations are not hers,” Lion said. “She doesn't know what she is missing so she doesn't miss it.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>Correction: The story has been updated to correctly state Suzanne Parker Miller's last name, which is Miller.\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad floatright]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>This story about online kindergarten was produced by \u003c/em>\u003ca href=\"http://hechingerreport.org/\">The Hechinger Report\u003c/a>\u003cem>, a nonprofit, independent news organization focused on inequality and innovation in education. Sign up for the \u003c/em>\u003ca href=\"http://hechingerreport.us2.list-manage1.com/subscribe?u=66c306eebb323868c3ce353c1&id=d3ee4c3e04\">\u003cem>Hechinger newsletter\u003c/em>\u003c/a>\u003cem>.\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\n",
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"excerpt": "Kindergarten is designed for young children, who learn best by doing. And while pre-literacy and math skills are covered, building block towers, playing make-believe and mastering the playground equipment are also critical elements. ",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>\u003cem>This story about online kindergarten was produced by \u003c/em>\u003ca href=\"http://hechingerreport.org/\">The Hechinger Report\u003c/a>\u003cem>, a nonprofit, independent news organization focused on inequality and innovation in education. Sign up for the \u003c/em>\u003ca href=\"http://hechingerreport.us2.list-manage1.com/subscribe?u=66c306eebb323868c3ce353c1&id=d3ee4c3e04\">\u003cem>Hechinger newsletter\u003c/em>\u003c/a>\u003cem>.\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In Greenbrier County, West Virginia, Jennifer Holley began the year teaching nine 5-year-olds in person and 14 online. Her first online kindergarten class was a bit of a mess, she said. Only three children were correctly logged in, while her email and the school’s phone were flooded with requests for technical help from the frantic parents and grandparents of the other kids.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“One child was talking away and answering my questions,” Holley said. “The only problem was I couldn’t hear him. It’s very frustrating. I don’t think all of these children are going to get what they need and that frightens me.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Parents are equally overwhelmed, according to email interviews with more than two dozen kindergarten families.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“She can't do anything independently,” said Suzanne Parker Miller, 40, of her 5-year-old daughter, Salem. “Not reading yet or knowing how to use a computer or mouse or knowing how to use a keyboard — everything takes longer and requires my help. It has been difficult to manage and — five weeks in — still feels unsustainable.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Miller, who is a pastor and children’s advocate in Raleigh, North Carolina, said \u003ca href=\"https://goodfaithmedia.org/no-playing-politics-with-our-kids-health/\">her family was straining\u003c/a> under the intensity of what she had looked forward to as a seminal year in her child’s life.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“I find the grief about the lost semester of school to virtual learning (the social interactions and experiences I can't replicate at home) comes in waves and at unexpected times,” Miller said in her email.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Kindergarten is designed for young children, who learn best by doing. And while pre-literacy and math skills are covered, building block towers, playing make-believe and mastering the playground equipment are also key elements of this critical grade.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“I don’t want to pit one grade against another,” said Laura Bornfreund, the director of early and elementary education policy at New America, a progressive think tank. “But the foundational knowledge, the skills to be able to learn and do well in school later are so important. Kindergarten matters a lot.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_56888\" class=\"wp-caption alignnone\" style=\"max-width: 1920px\">\u003cimg class=\"size-full wp-image-56888\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/23/2020/10/Lillian-Mongeau-Kindergarten-Sadie-Kenzler-scaled-e1603781315997.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"1920\" height=\"1440\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">“As a mom and teacher, I have also been realizing more than ever how BIG schools are in kid's lives for childcare, food, mental health care, safety, and so much more.” Sadie Kenzler, whose daughter is attending virtual kindergarten. Portland, Oregon. \u003ccite>(Sadie Kenzler)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Approximately \u003ca href=\"https://nces.ed.gov/programs/digest/d19/tables/dt19_203.10.asp\">3.7 million 5-year-olds\u003c/a> were expected to enroll in kindergarten this fall. In pandemic times, most of them — \u003ca href=\"https://info.burbio.com/press/\">62 percent by one estimate\u003c/a> — were slated to start the school year sitting at home in front of a computer.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Asked what 5-year-olds stand to lose if their entire kindergarten experience is moved online, Bornfreund was concise: “All of it.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>And children who already have the least stand to lose the most. Research has shown that \u003ca href=\"https://hechingerreport.org/sending-your-boy-to-preschool-is-great-for-your-grandson-new-research-shows/\">high-quality early education benefits children\u003c/a>, especially children from low-income families, through to their adulthood. A strong start can improve academic achievement, financial independence, even heart health. For the most vulnerable students, missing kindergarten could become a permanent handicap.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>As consensus grows that \u003ca href=\"https://www.npr.org/2020/10/16/924396576/what-health-data-says-about-safely-reopening-schools\">schools are not the superspreaders\u003c/a> of the virus they were initially feared to be, many districts are working to bring their youngest students back to school. However, students of color were the least likely to return to school in person this fall. A September \u003ca href=\"https://www.chalkbeat.org/2020/9/11/21431146/hispanic-and-black-students-more-likely-than-white-students-to-start-the-school-year-online\">survey of 677 school districts\u003c/a> found that 79 percent of Hispanic students, 75 percent of Black students and 51 percent of white students wouldn’t have the option of in-person learning in September, according the survey by the news service AP and Chalkbeat, a nonprofit news organization focused on education.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>(Schools district plans are changing so rapidly that it is impossible to pin down concrete numbers that can be counted on for the whole year, so snapshots like those provided by surveys offer the best information we have at the moment.)\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>If missing kindergarten “could happen equitably it doesn’t seem like a tragedy to me, but the fact is that kids’ experiences are just going to be incredibly unequal,” said Mimi Engel, an associate professor of education at the University of Colorado, Boulder, who studies how children learn in kindergarten.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Nobody is prepared for this, Engel said, including teachers.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“We already have something that’s ‘good online kindergarten’ called Sesame Street,” said Engel. “That’s quality programming originally targeted to low-income kids. You’d want something as engaging as that. And to expect a teacher to create that is unreasonable.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>What life looks like for 5-year-olds this year will vary immensely depending on where they live, who they live with and whether their schools are offering instruction online or in person. What is certain is that many, if not most, of this year’s kindergartners will enter first grade knowing less than they would have learned in a typical year. And the variation between what different kids know will have grown.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“We can’t just ignore going into first grade that kids didn’t have kindergarten,” said Bornfreund. “Without the recognition that this year was just a loss, that’s going to be to the detriment of kids.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_56890\" class=\"wp-caption alignnone\" style=\"max-width: 1920px\">\u003cimg class=\"size-full wp-image-56890\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/23/2020/10/Lillian-Mongeau-Kindergarten-Kisha-Young-2-e1603781348934.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"1920\" height=\"1440\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Kariyana Young, 6, attends school virtually from her bedroom in Port Orchard, Washington. \u003ccite>(Kisha Young )\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>In West Virginia, kindergarten teacher Holley said she feels better about the experience of her in-person students. By early October, two of her online kindergarten students were attending in person and she expected more to follow. Nationally, more than a third of children (about 38 percent) were attending school in person either a few days a week or every day at the start of the school year. Anecdotally, it’s going better than expected.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“The kids are handling it remarkably well,” Holley said of her students, two thirds of whom come from families living in poverty. “I think a lot of us thought, ‘Oh the kids will never wear masks.’ They are doing just fine.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Holley said the staff at Rupert Elementary School in Crawley, West Virginia, where she teaches, has pulled together and she’s never felt more supported. She thinks they are doing everything they can to keep in-person learning safe. That doesn’t mean she isn’t terrified sometimes.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“My biggest fear is that a child will get the virus, transmit it to their caregiver and then the caregiver will die and the child will have no one,” she said. “Children need to be in school; it’s the most important thing. And it’s a pandemic. This is not going to be a normal year.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Safety concerns plague parents too. And yet, of the many families interviewed for this story, those with kids in school were the happiest.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Vivian Olsen, 5, goes to school four days a week in Eagle, Colorado. She thinks of her masks “like an accessory,” said her mom, Robin Olsen, 47, who works remotely for a Dallas-based investment firm. More importantly to Olsen, Vivian comes home each day proclaiming it to have been “the best day of my life.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“We are so grateful for our teachers and educators for showing up EVERY day for our children,” said Olsen by email. “Most of them are parents too — it must be a lot to juggle and I am humbled by their courage.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Adding to the juggling act, some districts are frequently switching schedules. In State College, Pennsylvania, parents are getting a notice each Friday about whether they will have in-person school or virtual school.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“It was the first time in almost six months I received a solid block of time to work that was quiet and without interruptions or distractions,” said Tiffany Mathews, 44, of her twins’ first week of kindergarten in State College. Then the Covid-19 infection rate in the area jumped and school moved online.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Their teacher is great and very helpful,” said Mathews, who works as a program coordinator for science education outreach at Penn State. “However, trying to work with kindergarteners going to school at home is chaotic and productivity for my work has hit a wall (again). Not sure how this is going to be sustainable for nine months.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_56886\" class=\"wp-caption alignnone\" style=\"max-width: 1920px\">\u003cimg class=\"size-full wp-image-56886\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/23/2020/10/Lillian-Mongeau-Kindergarten-Nicol-Russell-scaled.jpeg\" alt=\"\" width=\"1920\" height=\"2560\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/23/2020/10/Lillian-Mongeau-Kindergarten-Nicol-Russell-scaled.jpeg 1920w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/23/2020/10/Lillian-Mongeau-Kindergarten-Nicol-Russell-800x1067.jpeg 800w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/23/2020/10/Lillian-Mongeau-Kindergarten-Nicol-Russell-1020x1360.jpeg 1020w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/23/2020/10/Lillian-Mongeau-Kindergarten-Nicol-Russell-160x213.jpeg 160w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/23/2020/10/Lillian-Mongeau-Kindergarten-Nicol-Russell-768x1024.jpeg 768w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/23/2020/10/Lillian-Mongeau-Kindergarten-Nicol-Russell-1152x1536.jpeg 1152w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/23/2020/10/Lillian-Mongeau-Kindergarten-Nicol-Russell-1536x2048.jpeg 1536w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 1920px) 100vw, 1920px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">“I know my daughter deserves better than a six-hour day on Zoom with 25 other children. I know her teacher deserves better. And I feel powerless to help make it better. I feel defeated.” Nicol Russell on her daughter Makena’s experience with virtual kindergarten. Phoenix, Arizona. \u003ccite>( Nicol Russell)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>For many teachers and parents, however, the risks of in-person school simply feel too high.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Jennifer Callahan of Redmond, Oregon has taught kindergarten for 25 years. Her husband’s fragile health made her think she might have to quit her job this fall if teaching in person was her only option. He’s had two recent surgeries and she didn’t feel safe going into a classroom every day and then possibly bringing the virus home.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Instead, she volunteered to be her district’s kindergarten teacher for the students who opted to go online all year. Her 42 students come from all eight district elementary schools, she said, representing both the high- and low-income areas of her small city in central Oregon. Their families have chosen the online option, often because of health conditions in their own homes, and signed a contract designating an adult who will supervise learning at home.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>She said it’s a relief to feel that none of the adults involved expect perfection from each other. “They have asked for grace as well as said they would provide grace on my part,” she said of the parents, grandparents, older siblings and babysitters she’ll be working with all year long. “It was comforting to find out that they wanted that flexibility as well as being willing to provide it.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Callahan has come up with dozens of ways to make online kindergarten work. Kids show they can identify letters by finding them on the keyboard and typing them into the chat box. Callahan leads “brain breaks” mid-lesson so kids stand up and move for a minute. To get to know their classmates, she has kids run to find certain items in their house and then hold them up in front of the camera. There’s crazy hat day, guest speaker day, pet show-and-tell day. She’s hooked her document camera up to her video feed so that kids can see her writing, and a colleague created digital versions of their social-emotional teaching materials. She introduced estimation by explaining to kids that she now keeps chickens — a pandemic hobby — and asks them to estimate the number of eggs in a basket she holds up for them. She hopes to take any student who wants to come on a socially-distanced snowshoe adventure this winter.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Callahan said that to preserve her optimism she had to stop paying attention to negative comments about online kindergarten, which can seem ubiquitous on her social media. “We didn’t choose this,” she said. “And we have to find a way to make it work.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Many public school families have already given up trying to make it work and are simply opting out. Firm national figures are not yet available, but\u003ca href=\"https://medium.com/rapid-ec-project\"> a research team based at the University of Oregon\u003c/a> estimates that as many as 600,000 fewer children than expected have enrolled in public kindergarten this fall. If that’s accurate, it would be about a 17 percent decline in kindergarten enrollment. According to the surveys the team conducted, nearly half (47 percent) of parents reported that they could not manage having their child in kindergarten along with their other responsibilities.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The trend is widespread. In Los Angeles, \u003ca href=\"https://www.latimes.com/california/story/2020-09-01/lausd-kingergarten-enrollment-drop-online-learning?_amp=true&__twitter_impression=true\">6,000 fewer kindergarteners showed up for school\u003c/a> this fall, a 14 percent drop from fall 2019. \u003ca href=\"https://www.seattletimes.com/education-lab/washington-state-kindergarten-enrollment-drops-14-amid-pandemic-where-are-the-children/\">Washington state saw a 14 percent drop\u003c/a> in kindergarten enrollment as well. In Philadelphia, \u003ca href=\"https://philadelphia.chalkbeat.org/2020/9/15/21439026/principal-leader-says-hite-is-pausing-mass-teacher-transfer-based-on-enrollment\">kindergarten enrollment was down 25 percent\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Michelle Blanchet, 35, a teacher training consultant and mom to a kindergartner and a first grader, has decided to homeschool her kids, at least until the family moves to Switzerland in February. Though they currently live in Leesburg, Virginia, Blanchet’s husband and children are Swiss. The Blanchets had already planned to move, but “the political climate and mismanagement of the pandemic have definitely created more of a sense of urgency,” Blanchet said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In the meantime, Blanchet said she picks a theme each week and makes the lessons age-appropriate so that both of her children are learning at their current levels.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Honestly, I think it takes me a fraction of the time it would to sit with my children and do distance learning (and I think hands on learning is much higher quality),” Blanchet said in an email.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_56885\" class=\"wp-caption alignnone\" style=\"max-width: 1920px\">\u003cimg class=\"size-full wp-image-56885\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/23/2020/10/Lillian-Mongeau-Kindergarten-Juan-Vazquez-e1603781440929.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"1920\" height=\"1440\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Aaron Vazquez, 5, in his “classroom” on his first day of virtual kindergarten in Ft. Worth, Texas. \u003ccite>(Juan Vazquez )\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Some parents who would have used the public schools have enrolled their children in private schools or decided to pay special child care centers to supervise their kids using online public school programs.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Teddy Brown, 5, lives a five-minute walk from his local elementary school in Columbia, South Carolina. His parents bought the house precisely because of that short walk, said his mom, Jessica Brown. And yet, this year Teddy started kindergarten at his Catholic parish’s private school. Brown, an economics professor at the University of South Carolina, knows her family is lucky to be able to afford this option. She also thinks it didn’t have to be this way.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“I feel a bit abandoned and betrayed by the public schools,” Brown said in an email. “If it’s safe for daycares to be open and caring for 4- and 5-year-olds, then I think they could have at least tried to open kindergarten. Instead, they’re treating it like an all or nothing decision. Either the entire school system is open or it’s closed. We need to do better for our youngest kids.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>It remains to be seen whether families like the Browns will return to public schools when they reopen, whenever that may be.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_56884\" class=\"wp-caption alignnone\" style=\"max-width: 1920px\">\u003cimg class=\"size-full wp-image-56884\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/23/2020/10/Lillian-Mongeau-Kindergarten-Jessica-Hedrich-Brown-scaled-e1603781255498.jpeg\" alt=\"\" width=\"1920\" height=\"2560\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/23/2020/10/Lillian-Mongeau-Kindergarten-Jessica-Hedrich-Brown-scaled-e1603781255498.jpeg 1920w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/23/2020/10/Lillian-Mongeau-Kindergarten-Jessica-Hedrich-Brown-scaled-e1603781255498-800x1067.jpeg 800w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/23/2020/10/Lillian-Mongeau-Kindergarten-Jessica-Hedrich-Brown-scaled-e1603781255498-1020x1360.jpeg 1020w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/23/2020/10/Lillian-Mongeau-Kindergarten-Jessica-Hedrich-Brown-scaled-e1603781255498-160x213.jpeg 160w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/23/2020/10/Lillian-Mongeau-Kindergarten-Jessica-Hedrich-Brown-scaled-e1603781255498-768x1024.jpeg 768w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/23/2020/10/Lillian-Mongeau-Kindergarten-Jessica-Hedrich-Brown-scaled-e1603781255498-1152x1536.jpeg 1152w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/23/2020/10/Lillian-Mongeau-Kindergarten-Jessica-Hedrich-Brown-scaled-e1603781255498-1536x2048.jpeg 1536w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 1920px) 100vw, 1920px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">“We were lucky to get the last spot in our parish’s kindergarten class and to be able to afford it. There are lots of families who don’t have that option.” Jessica Brown on her son Teddy’s experience attending school in person. Columbia, South Carolina. \u003ccite>(Jessica Brown)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>And when schools do reopen, this missed year will have to be accounted for, said kindergarten expert Bornfreund. Indeed, first grade teachers should be prepared to start their 2021 school year in more of a kindergarten mindset, she said. She wants to see districts bring kids to school next summer, if it’s safe, to stem learning loss. And she hopes educators use the moment to step back and think deeply about what makes kindergarten so important and then focus on that.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In the meantime, she said, offering social-emotional support to young children and their families is going to be paramount for the 2020-21 school year.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Understanding where they are will help the academic learning,” Bornfreund said. “This is just an especially challenging time.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Despite it all, there are some moments worth savoring, said Esther Berg, 46, whose youngest is enrolled in online kindergarten in Springfield, Virginia. Sometimes, during class, her son will reach over and grab her hand.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_56882\" class=\"wp-caption alignnone\" style=\"max-width: 1080px\">\u003cimg class=\"size-full wp-image-56882\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/23/2020/10/Lillian-Mongeau-Kindergarten-Esther-Rege-Berg.png\" alt=\"\" width=\"1080\" height=\"1920\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/23/2020/10/Lillian-Mongeau-Kindergarten-Esther-Rege-Berg.png 1080w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/23/2020/10/Lillian-Mongeau-Kindergarten-Esther-Rege-Berg-800x1422.png 800w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/23/2020/10/Lillian-Mongeau-Kindergarten-Esther-Rege-Berg-1020x1813.png 1020w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/23/2020/10/Lillian-Mongeau-Kindergarten-Esther-Rege-Berg-160x284.png 160w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/23/2020/10/Lillian-Mongeau-Kindergarten-Esther-Rege-Berg-768x1365.png 768w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/23/2020/10/Lillian-Mongeau-Kindergarten-Esther-Rege-Berg-864x1536.png 864w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 1080px) 100vw, 1080px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">“Sometimes during class, he’ll reach over and grab my hand.” Esther Berg on her son Julian’s experience with virtual kindergarten. Springfield, Virginia. \u003ccite>(Esther Berg)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>“Being able to stay with him and see him throughout the day has been bittersweet for me,” said Berg, who works in communications. “I’m thrilled to be there when he laughs and enjoys different parts of his day, but feel like I’m intruding on a part of his life that should be exclusively his. It’s hard.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>It can also get weird. In Boise, Idaho, Elizabeth Lion, 5, opened her phys ed class link recently only to find a YouTube video of someone twerking, a booty-shaking dance move, instead of playing soccer. “My younger boys do the PE classes with my kindergartner and they were confused about why they had to ‘do stuff with their butt,’” said Elizabeth’s mom, Kate Lion, 37.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The link, posted by accident, was deleted by school staff as soon as Lion, a stay-at-home parent, alerted them to the error. Overall, she said that to the extent she could drop the idea of Elizabeth getting a “normal” kindergarten year, online school was going pretty well.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“I had to realize that my expectations are not hers,” Lion said. “She doesn't know what she is missing so she doesn't miss it.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>Correction: The story has been updated to correctly state Suzanne Parker Miller's last name, which is Miller.\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cp>By Election Day, more than 60% of U.S. K-12 public school students will be attending schools that offer in-person learning at least a few days a week, an updated tracker finds.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>More and more districts are opening up school buildings this fall, even as coronavirus infection rates \u003ca href=\"https://www.npr.org/sections/health-shots/2020/09/01/816707182/map-tracking-the-spread-of-the-coronavirus-in-the-u-s\">remain high in most states\u003c/a>. That's according to the latest \u003ca href=\"https://cai.burbio.com/school-opening-tracker/\">release\u003c/a> from Burbio, a company that aggregates school and community calendars from the Web.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>As of Election Day, the report says:\u003c/p>\n\u003cul>\n\u003cli>37.8% of students will be attending schools that only offer virtual learning.\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>35.7% of students will be attending schools offering traditional, in-person learning every day.\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>The remainder, 26.5% will be attending schools that offer a hybrid schedule of two or three in-person days per week.\u003c/li>\n\u003c/ul>\n\u003cp>From Labor Day to Election Day, Burbio calculates the percentage of students with access to at least some in-person school will have grown by 22 percentage points, from 38% to 60%. There are large regional variations, with states like Texas and Florida offering full-time, in-person learning to more than 75% of students, while California, Washington, Maryland, Oregon and Hawaii have more than 90% of their students learning only online.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>These numbers don't necessarily speak to the full picture of how children are learning. That's because a percentage of students choose virtual learning even where in-person school is offered. For example, in New York City, where schools are hybrid, just under half of students are \u003ca href=\"https://patch.com/new-york/new-york-city/nearly-half-nyc-students-now-opting-remote-learning\">reportedly learning from home\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Burbio says it gathers its information directly from school websites across a national sample of 1,200 districts in all 50 states, including the 200 largest districts in the country.\u003c/p>\n\u003cdiv class=\"fullattribution\">Copyright 2020 NPR. To see more, visit https://www.npr.org.\u003cimg src=\"https://www.google-analytics.com/__utm.gif?utmac=UA-5828686-4&utmdt=A+Rising+Number+Of+U.S.+Children+Have+The+Option+Of+In-Person+School&utme=8(APIKey)9(MDAxOTAwOTE4MDEyMTkxMDAzNjczZDljZA004)\">\u003c/div>\n\n",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>By Election Day, more than 60% of U.S. K-12 public school students will be attending schools that offer in-person learning at least a few days a week, an updated tracker finds.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>More and more districts are opening up school buildings this fall, even as coronavirus infection rates \u003ca href=\"https://www.npr.org/sections/health-shots/2020/09/01/816707182/map-tracking-the-spread-of-the-coronavirus-in-the-u-s\">remain high in most states\u003c/a>. That's according to the latest \u003ca href=\"https://cai.burbio.com/school-opening-tracker/\">release\u003c/a> from Burbio, a company that aggregates school and community calendars from the Web.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>As of Election Day, the report says:\u003c/p>\n\u003cul>\n\u003cli>37.8% of students will be attending schools that only offer virtual learning.\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>35.7% of students will be attending schools offering traditional, in-person learning every day.\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>The remainder, 26.5% will be attending schools that offer a hybrid schedule of two or three in-person days per week.\u003c/li>\n\u003c/ul>\n\u003cp>From Labor Day to Election Day, Burbio calculates the percentage of students with access to at least some in-person school will have grown by 22 percentage points, from 38% to 60%. There are large regional variations, with states like Texas and Florida offering full-time, in-person learning to more than 75% of students, while California, Washington, Maryland, Oregon and Hawaii have more than 90% of their students learning only online.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>These numbers don't necessarily speak to the full picture of how children are learning. That's because a percentage of students choose virtual learning even where in-person school is offered. For example, in New York City, where schools are hybrid, just under half of students are \u003ca href=\"https://patch.com/new-york/new-york-city/nearly-half-nyc-students-now-opting-remote-learning\">reportedly learning from home\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"disqusTitle": "FAFSA Applications Are Open. Here's How To Fill It Out This Year",
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"content": "\u003cp>\u003cb data-stringify-type=\"bold\">\u003ci data-stringify-type=\"italic\">\u003ca class=\"c-link\" href=\"https://bit.ly/ComoLlenarLaFAFSA\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\" data-stringify-link=\"https://bit.ly/ComoLlenarLaFAFSA\" data-sk=\"tooltip_parent\">Leer en español\u003c/a>\u003c/i>\u003c/b>\u003cb data-stringify-type=\"bold\"> \u003c/b>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Welcome to FAFSA season.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The Free Application For Federal Student Aid opened on Oct. 1 — and if you're planning on going to college next year, or even just toying with the idea of taking classes, you should fill it out.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Yes, it's a government form, but it's free, and it's the first step in getting financial aid that \u003cem>could\u003c/em> be the key to going to college. COVID-19 makes everything more tricky, and filling out the FAFSA is no exception — but even if your family has lost a lot of income during the pandemic, there's still hope. Colleges \u003cem>want\u003c/em> you to come to their schools, and this form could be the first step in getting there.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Here's how to fill out the FAFSA and why you shouldn't wait to do it.\u003c/p>\n\u003ch3>How It Works\u003c/h3>\n\u003cp>The FAFSA will prompt you to list up to 10 schools that you're interested in attending, and the federal government will send your information to these schools. You'll hear back directly from them — not from the government — about how much financial aid you'll get. This will include grants, scholarships (which you don't have to pay back!) and loans.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Lots of schools determine financial aid on a rolling basis, so you could hear back in a few weeks — and some more selective schools won't let students know their financial aid package until their admission results come back in the spring.\u003c/p>\n\u003ch3>Where To Start\u003c/h3>\n\u003cp>Before you start the FAFSA, you'll need to make a Federal Student Aid ID — a username and password that serve as your online signature when you're filling out aid forms through the federal government. \u003ca href=\"https://fsaid.ed.gov/npas/index.htm\">Create an FSA ID here. \u003c/a>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>You'll need to be prepared with a few things as you sit down to start the application. Have your social security number (or permanent resident card) handy.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>It's also helpful to have the 2019 federal tax returns for you and your parents. The FAFSA starts by asking demographic questions about you, your family and your high school — and then moves on to financial questions to get a sense of how much money you might need to pay for college. It relies on \u003cem>last year's\u003c/em> tax data for much of this information. The form automatically pulls that information from the IRS, but it's helpful if you can have the taxes accessible while you're filling it out just in case.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"It seems intimidating, but it's really not that bad,\" says Dominique Gunn,\u003ca href=\"https://iknowican.org/\"> a college advisor\u003c/a> in Columbus, Ohio. \"All we're doing is plugging and chugging. Just plugging in information and moving on to the next page.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Got it all? Now \u003ca href=\"https://studentaid.gov/h/apply-for-aid/fafsa\">go to this website to fill out the FAFSA. \u003c/a>\u003c/p>\n\u003ch3>Deadlines To Remember\u003c/h3>\n\u003cp>The FAFSA opened up on Oct. 1, and it will close on June 30, 2021. That's a big window to apply for financial aid — but if you already know you're thinking about college next fall, you should go ahead and fill out the application now. \"Many states and a lot of institutional funds are first come, first serve,\" says \u003ca href=\"https://www.aspdallas.org/our-staff/\">Sara Urquidez\u003c/a>, who runs a non-profit that guides students in Dallas and Houston through the college process. \"[The] earlier you get in line, the more money you could potentially receive from a particular institution.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Applying earlier could make a big difference in the funds that you get — and you'll want to know how much financial aid you'll receive before you make a decision about where to go.\u003c/p>\n\u003ch3>What If My Financial Situation Has Changed Since My 2019 Taxes?\u003c/h3>\n\u003cp>The FAFSA always relies on the taxes from the previous year — that's just how the federal form works. This year, that gives an unrealistic picture of lots of families' finances, because so many people have lost jobs and income due to COVID-19. If you're in this situation, you're not alone and colleges know that.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Fill out the FAFSA — but then reach out to the colleges you're considering. \"Let them know, '\u003cem>Hey, something's happened. Our finances are just a little bit different now. What can we do to let you know so you can take a second look?\u003c/em>'\" recommends Karla Weber, who works in the financial aid office at the University of Wisconsin, Madison.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Colleges know these calls are coming and are ready to adjust financial aid offers.\u003c/p>\n\u003ch3>Where To Go For Help\u003c/h3>\n\u003cp>If you've got questions while you're filling out the form, you can save it and come back to it later. Reach out to your guidance counselor or even your teachers for help. They're the people who know you best.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Financial aid offices at the colleges you're interested in attending can also help you. \"The financial aid office is your friend in this process. I think sometimes we get made out to be the ones that are hiding or hoarding this money from students, where it's really just the opposite,\" says Karla Weber at the University of Wisconsin, Madison. It's their \u003cem>job\u003c/em> to get you the money you need.\u003c/p>\n\u003ch3>Once Those Results Come In\u003c/h3>\n\u003cp>Your offer letters from individual schools will spell out the financial aid you receive — but you don't \u003cem>have\u003c/em> to take it. You can always turn the funds down if you choose a different school, or if one school simply isn't offering you enough money to attend.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>If you need more aid to attend the school you're most interested in, you should reach out to the financial aid office and let them know. Nothing is final in this process, and they may be able to provide more money for you — or even suggest scholarships you can apply for to make it work. You'll never get that extra cash unless you ask.\u003c/p>\n\u003chr>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>The podcast and digital versions of this story were produced by Clare Lombardo.\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>We'd love to hear from you. Leave us a voicemail at 202-216-9823 with a greeting, your name, your phone number and a random life tip. Or send us an email at \u003c/em>\u003ca href=\"mailto:LifeKit@npr.org\">\u003cem>LifeKit@npr.org\u003c/em>\u003c/a>\u003cem>. It might appear in an upcoming episode.\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad floatright]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>For more Life Kit, \u003c/em>\u003ca href=\"https://www.npr.org/newsletter/life-kit\">\u003cem>subscribe to our newsletter\u003c/em>\u003c/a>\u003cem>.\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\u003cdiv class=\"fullattribution\">Copyright 2020 NPR. To see more, visit https://www.npr.org.\u003cimg src=\"https://www.google-analytics.com/__utm.gif?utmac=UA-5828686-4&utmdt=FAFSA+Applications+Are+Open.+Here%27s+How+To+Fill+It+Out+This+Year+&utme=8(APIKey)9(MDAxOTAwOTE4MDEyMTkxMDAzNjczZDljZA004)\">\u003c/div>\n\n",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>\u003cb data-stringify-type=\"bold\">\u003ci data-stringify-type=\"italic\">\u003ca class=\"c-link\" href=\"https://bit.ly/ComoLlenarLaFAFSA\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\" data-stringify-link=\"https://bit.ly/ComoLlenarLaFAFSA\" data-sk=\"tooltip_parent\">Leer en español\u003c/a>\u003c/i>\u003c/b>\u003cb data-stringify-type=\"bold\"> \u003c/b>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Welcome to FAFSA season.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The Free Application For Federal Student Aid opened on Oct. 1 — and if you're planning on going to college next year, or even just toying with the idea of taking classes, you should fill it out.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Yes, it's a government form, but it's free, and it's the first step in getting financial aid that \u003cem>could\u003c/em> be the key to going to college. COVID-19 makes everything more tricky, and filling out the FAFSA is no exception — but even if your family has lost a lot of income during the pandemic, there's still hope. Colleges \u003cem>want\u003c/em> you to come to their schools, and this form could be the first step in getting there.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Here's how to fill out the FAFSA and why you shouldn't wait to do it.\u003c/p>\n\u003ch3>How It Works\u003c/h3>\n\u003cp>The FAFSA will prompt you to list up to 10 schools that you're interested in attending, and the federal government will send your information to these schools. You'll hear back directly from them — not from the government — about how much financial aid you'll get. This will include grants, scholarships (which you don't have to pay back!) and loans.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Lots of schools determine financial aid on a rolling basis, so you could hear back in a few weeks — and some more selective schools won't let students know their financial aid package until their admission results come back in the spring.\u003c/p>\n\u003ch3>Where To Start\u003c/h3>\n\u003cp>Before you start the FAFSA, you'll need to make a Federal Student Aid ID — a username and password that serve as your online signature when you're filling out aid forms through the federal government. \u003ca href=\"https://fsaid.ed.gov/npas/index.htm\">Create an FSA ID here. \u003c/a>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>You'll need to be prepared with a few things as you sit down to start the application. Have your social security number (or permanent resident card) handy.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>It's also helpful to have the 2019 federal tax returns for you and your parents. The FAFSA starts by asking demographic questions about you, your family and your high school — and then moves on to financial questions to get a sense of how much money you might need to pay for college. It relies on \u003cem>last year's\u003c/em> tax data for much of this information. The form automatically pulls that information from the IRS, but it's helpful if you can have the taxes accessible while you're filling it out just in case.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"It seems intimidating, but it's really not that bad,\" says Dominique Gunn,\u003ca href=\"https://iknowican.org/\"> a college advisor\u003c/a> in Columbus, Ohio. \"All we're doing is plugging and chugging. Just plugging in information and moving on to the next page.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Got it all? Now \u003ca href=\"https://studentaid.gov/h/apply-for-aid/fafsa\">go to this website to fill out the FAFSA. \u003c/a>\u003c/p>\n\u003ch3>Deadlines To Remember\u003c/h3>\n\u003cp>The FAFSA opened up on Oct. 1, and it will close on June 30, 2021. That's a big window to apply for financial aid — but if you already know you're thinking about college next fall, you should go ahead and fill out the application now. \"Many states and a lot of institutional funds are first come, first serve,\" says \u003ca href=\"https://www.aspdallas.org/our-staff/\">Sara Urquidez\u003c/a>, who runs a non-profit that guides students in Dallas and Houston through the college process. \"[The] earlier you get in line, the more money you could potentially receive from a particular institution.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Applying earlier could make a big difference in the funds that you get — and you'll want to know how much financial aid you'll receive before you make a decision about where to go.\u003c/p>\n\u003ch3>What If My Financial Situation Has Changed Since My 2019 Taxes?\u003c/h3>\n\u003cp>The FAFSA always relies on the taxes from the previous year — that's just how the federal form works. This year, that gives an unrealistic picture of lots of families' finances, because so many people have lost jobs and income due to COVID-19. If you're in this situation, you're not alone and colleges know that.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Fill out the FAFSA — but then reach out to the colleges you're considering. \"Let them know, '\u003cem>Hey, something's happened. Our finances are just a little bit different now. What can we do to let you know so you can take a second look?\u003c/em>'\" recommends Karla Weber, who works in the financial aid office at the University of Wisconsin, Madison.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Colleges know these calls are coming and are ready to adjust financial aid offers.\u003c/p>\n\u003ch3>Where To Go For Help\u003c/h3>\n\u003cp>If you've got questions while you're filling out the form, you can save it and come back to it later. Reach out to your guidance counselor or even your teachers for help. They're the people who know you best.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Financial aid offices at the colleges you're interested in attending can also help you. \"The financial aid office is your friend in this process. I think sometimes we get made out to be the ones that are hiding or hoarding this money from students, where it's really just the opposite,\" says Karla Weber at the University of Wisconsin, Madison. It's their \u003cem>job\u003c/em> to get you the money you need.\u003c/p>\n\u003ch3>Once Those Results Come In\u003c/h3>\n\u003cp>Your offer letters from individual schools will spell out the financial aid you receive — but you don't \u003cem>have\u003c/em> to take it. You can always turn the funds down if you choose a different school, or if one school simply isn't offering you enough money to attend.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>If you need more aid to attend the school you're most interested in, you should reach out to the financial aid office and let them know. Nothing is final in this process, and they may be able to provide more money for you — or even suggest scholarships you can apply for to make it work. You'll never get that extra cash unless you ask.\u003c/p>\n\u003chr>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>The podcast and digital versions of this story were produced by Clare Lombardo.\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>We'd love to hear from you. Leave us a voicemail at 202-216-9823 with a greeting, your name, your phone number and a random life tip. Or send us an email at \u003c/em>\u003ca href=\"mailto:LifeKit@npr.org\">\u003cem>LifeKit@npr.org\u003c/em>\u003c/a>\u003cem>. It might appear in an upcoming episode.\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"info": "What kind of no sabo word is Hyphenación? For us, it’s about living within a hyphenation. Like being a third-gen Mexican-American from the Texas border now living that Bay Area Chicano life. Like Xorje! Each week we bring together a couple of hyphenated Latinos to talk all about personal life choices: family, careers, relationships, belonging … everything is on the table. ",
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"info": "Our flagship program, helmed by Kai Ryssdal, examines what the day in money delivered, through stories, conversations, newsworthy numbers and more. Updated Monday through Friday at about 3:30 p.m. PT.",
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"info": "The MindShift podcast explores the innovations in education that are shaping how kids learn. Hosts Ki Sung and Katrina Schwartz introduce listeners to educators, researchers, parents and students who are developing effective ways to improve how kids learn. We cover topics like how fed-up administrators are developing surprising tactics to deal with classroom disruptions; how listening to podcasts are helping kids develop reading skills; the consequences of overparenting; and why interdisciplinary learning can engage students on all ends of the traditional achievement spectrum. This podcast is part of the MindShift education site, a division of KQED News. KQED is an NPR/PBS member station based in San Francisco. You can also visit the MindShift website for episodes and supplemental blog posts or tweet us \u003ca href=\"https://twitter.com/MindShiftKQED\">@MindShiftKQED\u003c/a> or visit us at \u003ca href=\"/mindshift\">MindShift.KQED.org\u003c/a>",
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"order": 12
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"info": "For decades, the process for how police police themselves has been inconsistent – if not opaque. In some states, like California, these proceedings were completely hidden. After a new police transparency law unsealed scores of internal affairs files, our reporters set out to examine these cases and the shadow world of police discipline. On Our Watch brings listeners into the rooms where officers are questioned and witnesses are interrogated to find out who this system is really protecting. Is it the officers, or the public they've sworn to serve?",
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"title": "Political Breakdown",
"tagline": "Politics from a personal perspective",
"info": "Political Breakdown is a new series that explores the political intersection of California and the nation. Each week hosts Scott Shafer and Marisa Lagos are joined with a new special guest to unpack politics -- with personality — and offer an insider’s glimpse at how politics happens.",
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"possible": {
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"title": "Possible",
"info": "Possible is hosted by entrepreneur Reid Hoffman and writer Aria Finger. Together in Possible, Hoffman and Finger lead enlightening discussions about building a brighter collective future. The show features interviews with visionary guests like Trevor Noah, Sam Altman and Janette Sadik-Khan. Possible paints an optimistic portrait of the world we can create through science, policy, business, art and our shared humanity. It asks: What if everything goes right for once? How can we get there? Each episode also includes a short fiction story generated by advanced AI GPT-4, serving as a thought-provoking springboard to speculate how humanity could leverage technology for good.",
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"pri-the-world": {
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"title": "PRI's The World: Latest Edition",
"info": "Each weekday, host Marco Werman and his team of producers bring you the world's most interesting stories in an hour of radio that reminds us just how small our planet really is.",
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"imageSrc": "https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/04/The-World-Podcast-Tile-360x360-1.jpg",
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},
"radiolab": {
"id": "radiolab",
"title": "Radiolab",
"info": "A two-time Peabody Award-winner, Radiolab is an investigation told through sounds and stories, and centered around one big idea. In the Radiolab world, information sounds like music and science and culture collide. Hosted by Jad Abumrad and Robert Krulwich, the show is designed for listeners who demand skepticism, but appreciate wonder. WNYC Studios is the producer of other leading podcasts including Freakonomics Radio, Death, Sex & Money, On the Media and many more.",
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},
"reveal": {
"id": "reveal",
"title": "Reveal",
"info": "Created by The Center for Investigative Reporting and PRX, Reveal is public radios first one-hour weekly radio show and podcast dedicated to investigative reporting. Credible, fact based and without a partisan agenda, Reveal combines the power and artistry of driveway moment storytelling with data-rich reporting on critically important issues. The result is stories that inform and inspire, arming our listeners with information to right injustices, hold the powerful accountable and improve lives.Reveal is hosted by Al Letson and showcases the award-winning work of CIR and newsrooms large and small across the nation. In a radio and podcast market crowded with choices, Reveal focuses on important and often surprising stories that illuminate the world for our listeners.",
"airtime": "SAT 4pm-5pm",
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"officialWebsiteLink": "https://www.revealnews.org/episodes/",
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"rss": "http://feeds.revealradio.org/revealpodcast"
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},
"rightnowish": {
"id": "rightnowish",
"title": "Rightnowish",
"tagline": "Art is where you find it",
"info": "Rightnowish digs into life in the Bay Area right now… ish. Journalist Pendarvis Harshaw takes us to galleries painted on the sides of liquor stores in West Oakland. We'll dance in warehouses in the Bayview, make smoothies with kids in South Berkeley, and listen to classical music in a 1984 Cutlass Supreme in Richmond. Every week, Pen talks to movers and shakers about how the Bay Area shapes what they create, and how they shape the place we call home.",
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"order": 16
},
"link": "/podcasts/rightnowish",
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