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"content": "\u003cp>UCSF just received its largest, individual financial gift ever - a donation of $185 million dedicated to neurosciences.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The donation was made by Sanford Weill, the former CEO of Citigroup, and his wife, Joan. Weill says the gift is partly inspired by his father’s lifelong struggle with depression, and his mother's battle with Alzheimer's disease.\u003c/p>\n\u003caside class=\"pullquote alignright\">Mental illness definitely strikes a very personal chord in both of us.”\u003ccite>Joan Weill, philanthropic donor.\u003c/cite>\u003c/aside>\n\u003cp>“For the last 15 years of her life she was in an institution where she didn’t say a word,” says Weill. “She had no expression as it related to anything. So, that person who looked like my mother was really not my mother. This is a horrible disease!”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Weill hopes the downward spiral he witnessed with his mother's demise may someday be prevented through therapeutic advances discovered at UCSF.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Joan Weill nods her head in agreement. Tears fill her eyes as she remembers a dear family friend who recently committed suicide.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“It was such a tragedy,” She explains with a quivering voice. “This man suffered from depression his whole life. So, mental illness definitely strikes a very personal chord in both of us.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The money will fund a new 270-thousand square foot facility in Mission Bay.\u003c/p>\n\u003caside class=\"pullquote alignright\">“If we don’t make breakthroughs in Alzheimer's, MS, autism and all the neuro-degenerative diseases it's going to be trillions and trillions of dollars,” '\u003ccite>Sanford Weill, former CEO Citigroup\u003c/cite>\u003c/aside>\n\u003cp>\"The Weill institute will bring together the traditional disciplines of neurology, psychiatry, neurosurgery and basic neurosciences to make advances in a faster way than was possible earlier,\" explains neurologist Steve Hauser, the institute’s new director.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The hope is that UCSF faculty will work across disciplines, and share their research with each other more often if they work in the same place. Currently, neurological departments are spread across different campuses.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In addition to 45 new research labs, the new institute will house clinics that will provide care to patients with diseases including:\u003c/p>\n\u003cul>\n\u003cli>Alzheimer’s disease and other dementias; amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS); and Huntington’s disease.\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>Movement disorders, including Parkinson’s disease and dystonia.\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>Sleep disorders.\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>Chronic pain and migraines.\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>Paralysis caused by stroke or injury.\u003c/li>\n\u003c/ul>\n\u003cp>Weill says it's crucial to prioritize neurological research to lower health care costs.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“If we don’t make breakthroughs in Alzheimer's, MS, autism and all the neuro-degenerative diseases it's going to be trillions and trillions of dollars,” says Weill. “And, that’s not a good thing. Nor is the quality of life (for these patients) that’s available today.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The philanthropic couple, who split time between their homes in Sonoma County and New York City, is dedicated to staying intellectually engaged and mentally stimulated as they move into their elder years. The couple will soon celebrate their 61st wedding anniversary.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“We've got to keep our minds working so that we can continue to relate to each other,” says Weill.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“And, so we know who each other are!” laughs Joan Weill.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp> \u003c/p>\n\n",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>UCSF just received its largest, individual financial gift ever - a donation of $185 million dedicated to neurosciences.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The donation was made by Sanford Weill, the former CEO of Citigroup, and his wife, Joan. Weill says the gift is partly inspired by his father’s lifelong struggle with depression, and his mother's battle with Alzheimer's disease.\u003c/p>\n\u003caside class=\"pullquote alignright\">Mental illness definitely strikes a very personal chord in both of us.”\u003ccite>Joan Weill, philanthropic donor.\u003c/cite>\u003c/aside>\n\u003cp>“For the last 15 years of her life she was in an institution where she didn’t say a word,” says Weill. “She had no expression as it related to anything. So, that person who looked like my mother was really not my mother. This is a horrible disease!”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Weill hopes the downward spiral he witnessed with his mother's demise may someday be prevented through therapeutic advances discovered at UCSF.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Joan Weill nods her head in agreement. Tears fill her eyes as she remembers a dear family friend who recently committed suicide.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“It was such a tragedy,” She explains with a quivering voice. “This man suffered from depression his whole life. So, mental illness definitely strikes a very personal chord in both of us.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The money will fund a new 270-thousand square foot facility in Mission Bay.\u003c/p>\n\u003caside class=\"pullquote alignright\">“If we don’t make breakthroughs in Alzheimer's, MS, autism and all the neuro-degenerative diseases it's going to be trillions and trillions of dollars,” '\u003ccite>Sanford Weill, former CEO Citigroup\u003c/cite>\u003c/aside>\n\u003cp>\"The Weill institute will bring together the traditional disciplines of neurology, psychiatry, neurosurgery and basic neurosciences to make advances in a faster way than was possible earlier,\" explains neurologist Steve Hauser, the institute’s new director.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The hope is that UCSF faculty will work across disciplines, and share their research with each other more often if they work in the same place. Currently, neurological departments are spread across different campuses.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In addition to 45 new research labs, the new institute will house clinics that will provide care to patients with diseases including:\u003c/p>\n\u003cul>\n\u003cli>Alzheimer’s disease and other dementias; amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS); and Huntington’s disease.\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>Movement disorders, including Parkinson’s disease and dystonia.\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>Sleep disorders.\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>Chronic pain and migraines.\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>Paralysis caused by stroke or injury.\u003c/li>\n\u003c/ul>\n\u003cp>Weill says it's crucial to prioritize neurological research to lower health care costs.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“If we don’t make breakthroughs in Alzheimer's, MS, autism and all the neuro-degenerative diseases it's going to be trillions and trillions of dollars,” says Weill. “And, that’s not a good thing. Nor is the quality of life (for these patients) that’s available today.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The philanthropic couple, who split time between their homes in Sonoma County and New York City, is dedicated to staying intellectually engaged and mentally stimulated as they move into their elder years. The couple will soon celebrate their 61st wedding anniversary.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“We've got to keep our minds working so that we can continue to relate to each other,” says Weill.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“And, so we know who each other are!” laughs Joan Weill.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp> \u003c/p>\n\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>",
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"disqusTitle": "A Scientist Deploys Light and Sound to Reveal the Brain",
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"content": "\u003cp>Lihong Wang creates the sort of medical technology you'd expect to find on the starship Enterprise.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Wang, a professor of biomedical engineering at Washington University in St. Louis, has already helped develop instruments that can detect individual cancer cells in the bloodstream and oxygen consumption deep within the body. He has also created a camera that shoots at 100 billion frames a second, fast enough to freeze an object traveling at the speed of light.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"It's really about turning some of these ideas that we thought were science fiction into fact,\" says \u003ca href=\"http://www.nibib.nih.gov/about-nibib/staff/richard-conroy\">Richard Conroy\u003c/a>, who directs the Division of Applied Science & Technology at the National Institute of Biomedical Imaging and Bioengineering.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Wang's ultimate goal is to use a combination of light and sound to solve the mysteries of the human brain. The brain is a \"magical black box we still don't understand,\" he says.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Wang describes himself as a toolmaker. And when President Obama unveiled his \u003ca href=\"http://www.npr.org/sections/health-shots/2013/04/02/176060875/obama-s-brain-map-plan-a-most-audacious-project\">BRAIN initiative\u003c/a> a couple of years ago to accelerate efforts to understand how we think and learn and remember, Wang realized that brain researchers really needed a tool he'd been working on for years.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"We want to conquer the brain,\" \u003ca href=\"http://bme.wustl.edu/people/Pages/faculty-bio.aspx?faculty=19\">Wang\u003c/a> says. \"But even for a mouse brain, which is only a few millimeters thick, we really don't have a technique that allows us to see throughout the whole brain.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Current brain-imaging techniques such as functional MRI or PET scans all have drawbacks. They're slow, or not sharp enough, or they can only see things near the surface.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>So Wang has been developing another approach, one he believes will be fast enough to monitor brain activity in real time and sharp enough to reveal an individual brain cell.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Wang's initial idea was to use light. There was a problem, though — one that's obvious if you hold your hand up to a light bulb. When light enters the body, it starts bouncing around.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_18556\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 800px\">\u003cimg class=\"size-medium wp-image-18556\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/futureofyou/wp-content/uploads/sites/13/2015/07/laser-1_custom-fc17ee201db1c2ba9294b981d9ef20d7556924d7-s800-c85-800x533.jpg\" alt=\"A nanosecond pulsed laser beam starts the photoacoustic imaging process.\" width=\"800\" height=\"533\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/13/2015/07/laser-1_custom-fc17ee201db1c2ba9294b981d9ef20d7556924d7-s800-c85.jpg 800w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/13/2015/07/laser-1_custom-fc17ee201db1c2ba9294b981d9ef20d7556924d7-s800-c85-400x267.jpg 400w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">A nanosecond pulsed laser beam starts the photoacoustic imaging process. \u003ccite>(Geoff Story/Courtesy of Washington University in St. Louis)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>\"This is why we can't even see our own bone in the hands,\" Wang says. \"Because light, after, like, a millimeter, it becomes hopeless to get a very good sharp image.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Wang thought he had a solution. It involved sound. Sound waves don't bounce around much in the body, which is why an ultrasound can show a growing fetus.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But ultrasound images are blurry, sometimes so blurry it's hard to tell a boy from a girl. So Wang began experimenting with a technique that blends the speed and precision of light with the penetrating ability of sound. It's called photoacoustic imaging.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"We're combining the strengths of two forms of energy, light and sound, in a single form of imaging,\" Wang says.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In the past few years, photoacoustic imaging has become a very big deal in the scientific world. And so has Wang.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Last year, he published more than 50 scientific papers. So far his research has attracted nearly $50 million in grant funding. And Caltech was impressed enough to lure him away from Washington University. His lab will be moved from St. Louis to Pasadena over the next year.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In the meantime, Wang seems to be everywhere, delivering speeches, leading meetings and sitting on scientific advisory boards. \"It's really nonstop, right? You have to sleep, but then, other than that, you try to work all the time,\" he says.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Wang has so many projects going that his lab now has teams working on four different floors of one research building at Washington University.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>One of those projects is Wang's latest photoacoustic microscope, which occupies much of a metal workbench the size of a pingpong table. Jinyang Liang, a postdoc, shows me how the device turns light into sound and sound into images of a living brain.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"So that big guy, metal box there, is a laser,\" Liang tells me. During an experiment, the laser generates pulses of light that travel through a maze of mirrors and filters before reaching an anesthetized mouse on the other side of the table.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Once the pulses of light enter the mouse's skull and brain, they start to bounce around. But enough light energy gets through to cause molecules of brain tissue to vibrate. And those vibrations produce distinctive sound waves.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>So light goes into the brain, and sounds come out. And just a few months ago, those sounds allowed a lab team to create high-speed, highly detailed, three-dimensional images of a mouse brain at work. \"When I first saw that, I was amazed,\" Liang says.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>So was Richard Conroy at the National Institute of Biomedical Imaging and Bioengineering. He says he's often amazed by Wang, who has been funded by the institute for more than a decade.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"He's one of these unique people who's able to take technologies and ideas from one field and apply them to a different field,\" Conroy says. \"So, for example, his work trying to target light at individual cells within the body — that's really borrowing ideas from astronomy.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Photoacoustic imaging can do more than reveal the brain, Conroy says. Wang's lab has helped develop systems that use the technique to show tumors of the breast and skin, and even detect individual cancer cells in the bloodstream.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>And Conroy says that's just the beginning. \"It's research that really pushes the limits of our understanding of how to image in space and time,\" he says.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>And that could eventually lead to devices as futuristic as the medical tricorder on the starship Enterprise, Conroy says. \"It would be great to have a device like they had in \u003cem>Star Trek\u003c/em>. You could just lie there, the beam of light would pass over you, it would be able to tell everything that was wrong with you.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Photoacoustic imaging can't do that yet. It still hasn't been used on a human brain. But Wang says he follows a simple rule in his lab: \"Never say impossible.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>And for Wang, that approach seems to work. A couple of years ago, he got some very special funding from the National Institutes of Health. \"This is a grant that gives you unbridled funds for you to do anything you see fit, essentially,\" he says. \"So we were really emboldened to explore very new directions.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>One of those directions involved a camera. The goal was to build the fastest camera ever — a camera so fast it could take pictures of light itself.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Wang picked a small team that included Jinyang Liang, an expert in optics. \"We thought, man, I mean, it sounds crazy, but can we see the propagation of light? Because that's literally the fastest object in the universe,\" Liang says.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Wang suggested an approach to achieve this seemingly impossible feat. And about six months later, the team was showing their boss the first movie ever of a pulse of light reflecting off a mirror.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"At the moment, I feel like he is speechless because, you know, no one has ever seen this before,\" Liang says.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Wang recalls being awed, but not exactly surprised. \"Science really has no limit, you know,\" he says. \"The minute that you reach one limit, you are trying to break it, trying to reach the next limit.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad floatright]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>And for Wang, that next limit lies somewhere inside the black box that is the human brain.\u003c/p>\n\u003cdiv class=\"fullattribution\">\u003cem>Copyright 2015 NPR. To see more, visit http://www.npr.org/.\u003cimg src=\"http://www.google-analytics.com/__utm.gif?utmac=UA-5828686-4&utmdt=A+Scientist+Deploys+Light+And+Sound+To+Reveal+The+Brain&utme=8(APIKey)9(MDAxOTAwOTE4MDEyMTkxMDAzNjczZDljZA004)\" alt=\"\">\u003c/em>\u003c/div>\n\n",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>Lihong Wang creates the sort of medical technology you'd expect to find on the starship Enterprise.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Wang, a professor of biomedical engineering at Washington University in St. Louis, has already helped develop instruments that can detect individual cancer cells in the bloodstream and oxygen consumption deep within the body. He has also created a camera that shoots at 100 billion frames a second, fast enough to freeze an object traveling at the speed of light.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"It's really about turning some of these ideas that we thought were science fiction into fact,\" says \u003ca href=\"http://www.nibib.nih.gov/about-nibib/staff/richard-conroy\">Richard Conroy\u003c/a>, who directs the Division of Applied Science & Technology at the National Institute of Biomedical Imaging and Bioengineering.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Wang's ultimate goal is to use a combination of light and sound to solve the mysteries of the human brain. The brain is a \"magical black box we still don't understand,\" he says.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Wang describes himself as a toolmaker. And when President Obama unveiled his \u003ca href=\"http://www.npr.org/sections/health-shots/2013/04/02/176060875/obama-s-brain-map-plan-a-most-audacious-project\">BRAIN initiative\u003c/a> a couple of years ago to accelerate efforts to understand how we think and learn and remember, Wang realized that brain researchers really needed a tool he'd been working on for years.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"We want to conquer the brain,\" \u003ca href=\"http://bme.wustl.edu/people/Pages/faculty-bio.aspx?faculty=19\">Wang\u003c/a> says. \"But even for a mouse brain, which is only a few millimeters thick, we really don't have a technique that allows us to see throughout the whole brain.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Current brain-imaging techniques such as functional MRI or PET scans all have drawbacks. They're slow, or not sharp enough, or they can only see things near the surface.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>So Wang has been developing another approach, one he believes will be fast enough to monitor brain activity in real time and sharp enough to reveal an individual brain cell.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Wang's initial idea was to use light. There was a problem, though — one that's obvious if you hold your hand up to a light bulb. When light enters the body, it starts bouncing around.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_18556\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 800px\">\u003cimg class=\"size-medium wp-image-18556\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/futureofyou/wp-content/uploads/sites/13/2015/07/laser-1_custom-fc17ee201db1c2ba9294b981d9ef20d7556924d7-s800-c85-800x533.jpg\" alt=\"A nanosecond pulsed laser beam starts the photoacoustic imaging process.\" width=\"800\" height=\"533\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/13/2015/07/laser-1_custom-fc17ee201db1c2ba9294b981d9ef20d7556924d7-s800-c85.jpg 800w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/13/2015/07/laser-1_custom-fc17ee201db1c2ba9294b981d9ef20d7556924d7-s800-c85-400x267.jpg 400w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">A nanosecond pulsed laser beam starts the photoacoustic imaging process. \u003ccite>(Geoff Story/Courtesy of Washington University in St. Louis)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>\"This is why we can't even see our own bone in the hands,\" Wang says. \"Because light, after, like, a millimeter, it becomes hopeless to get a very good sharp image.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Wang thought he had a solution. It involved sound. Sound waves don't bounce around much in the body, which is why an ultrasound can show a growing fetus.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But ultrasound images are blurry, sometimes so blurry it's hard to tell a boy from a girl. So Wang began experimenting with a technique that blends the speed and precision of light with the penetrating ability of sound. It's called photoacoustic imaging.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"We're combining the strengths of two forms of energy, light and sound, in a single form of imaging,\" Wang says.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In the past few years, photoacoustic imaging has become a very big deal in the scientific world. And so has Wang.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Last year, he published more than 50 scientific papers. So far his research has attracted nearly $50 million in grant funding. And Caltech was impressed enough to lure him away from Washington University. His lab will be moved from St. Louis to Pasadena over the next year.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In the meantime, Wang seems to be everywhere, delivering speeches, leading meetings and sitting on scientific advisory boards. \"It's really nonstop, right? You have to sleep, but then, other than that, you try to work all the time,\" he says.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Wang has so many projects going that his lab now has teams working on four different floors of one research building at Washington University.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>One of those projects is Wang's latest photoacoustic microscope, which occupies much of a metal workbench the size of a pingpong table. Jinyang Liang, a postdoc, shows me how the device turns light into sound and sound into images of a living brain.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"So that big guy, metal box there, is a laser,\" Liang tells me. During an experiment, the laser generates pulses of light that travel through a maze of mirrors and filters before reaching an anesthetized mouse on the other side of the table.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Once the pulses of light enter the mouse's skull and brain, they start to bounce around. But enough light energy gets through to cause molecules of brain tissue to vibrate. And those vibrations produce distinctive sound waves.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>So light goes into the brain, and sounds come out. And just a few months ago, those sounds allowed a lab team to create high-speed, highly detailed, three-dimensional images of a mouse brain at work. \"When I first saw that, I was amazed,\" Liang says.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>So was Richard Conroy at the National Institute of Biomedical Imaging and Bioengineering. He says he's often amazed by Wang, who has been funded by the institute for more than a decade.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"He's one of these unique people who's able to take technologies and ideas from one field and apply them to a different field,\" Conroy says. \"So, for example, his work trying to target light at individual cells within the body — that's really borrowing ideas from astronomy.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Photoacoustic imaging can do more than reveal the brain, Conroy says. Wang's lab has helped develop systems that use the technique to show tumors of the breast and skin, and even detect individual cancer cells in the bloodstream.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>And Conroy says that's just the beginning. \"It's research that really pushes the limits of our understanding of how to image in space and time,\" he says.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>And that could eventually lead to devices as futuristic as the medical tricorder on the starship Enterprise, Conroy says. \"It would be great to have a device like they had in \u003cem>Star Trek\u003c/em>. You could just lie there, the beam of light would pass over you, it would be able to tell everything that was wrong with you.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Photoacoustic imaging can't do that yet. It still hasn't been used on a human brain. But Wang says he follows a simple rule in his lab: \"Never say impossible.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>And for Wang, that approach seems to work. A couple of years ago, he got some very special funding from the National Institutes of Health. \"This is a grant that gives you unbridled funds for you to do anything you see fit, essentially,\" he says. \"So we were really emboldened to explore very new directions.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>One of those directions involved a camera. The goal was to build the fastest camera ever — a camera so fast it could take pictures of light itself.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Wang picked a small team that included Jinyang Liang, an expert in optics. \"We thought, man, I mean, it sounds crazy, but can we see the propagation of light? Because that's literally the fastest object in the universe,\" Liang says.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Wang suggested an approach to achieve this seemingly impossible feat. And about six months later, the team was showing their boss the first movie ever of a pulse of light reflecting off a mirror.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"At the moment, I feel like he is speechless because, you know, no one has ever seen this before,\" Liang says.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Wang recalls being awed, but not exactly surprised. \"Science really has no limit, you know,\" he says. \"The minute that you reach one limit, you are trying to break it, trying to reach the next limit.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>And for Wang, that next limit lies somewhere inside the black box that is the human brain.\u003c/p>\n\u003cdiv class=\"fullattribution\">\u003cem>Copyright 2015 NPR. To see more, visit http://www.npr.org/.\u003cimg src=\"http://www.google-analytics.com/__utm.gif?utmac=UA-5828686-4&utmdt=A+Scientist+Deploys+Light+And+Sound+To+Reveal+The+Brain&utme=8(APIKey)9(MDAxOTAwOTE4MDEyMTkxMDAzNjczZDljZA004)\" alt=\"\">\u003c/em>\u003c/div>\n\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>",
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"disqusTitle": "How to Fly a Model Helicopter With Your Brain and Other Adventures in EEG Gaming",
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"content": "\u003cp>http://www.kqed.org/.stream/anon/radio/science/2013/10/20131028science.mp3\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>As audiences for the 2013 \u003ca href=\"http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=6dz2gdXP6Zs\">“Carrie”\u003c/a> re-make are finding out in theaters across the country, the power to move things with your mind can be hazardous to one’s well-being and pretty much everyone else’s, too.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>My own experience with telekinesis, by contrast, was pretty tame.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c!-- iframe plugin v.4.3 wordpress.org/plugins/iframe/ -->\u003cbr>\n\u003ciframe src=\"//instagram.com/p/fx0qiDI_Ka/embed/\" frameborder=\"0\" scrolling=\"no\" width=\"612\" height=\"710\" class=\"iframe-class\">\u003c/iframe>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>In order to get the helicopter to fly, reporter Amy Standen, wearing a headset that captures her brain waves, has to concentrate on a single thought. She doesn’t have to think about the helicopter flying; it can be any thought, but she can’t be distracted and think, “Wow,” once the helicopter starts to fly.\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Technically, I’d have a hard time doing this without the use of an EEG headset, in this case the MindWave Mobile, which is made by a San Jose company called NeuroSky.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The MindWave Mobile—much like two other mobile brain-wave-sensing devices called the Emotiv and Interaxon—is a pared-down version of something you’ve seen in science fiction movies anytime someone’s head is covered in electrodes. It’s an EEG, or electroencephalogram.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The EEG is a device that measures electrical activity inside the brain. It’s good at revealing patterns, like what happens during an epileptic seizure, or during sleep. (Sleep scientists using an EEG discovered the REM, or rapid eye movement state.) It can also detect patterns associated with certain emotional states.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In recent years, these headsets have gotten easier to use and much less expensive; the MindWave Mobile costs $99. And this has encouraged developers to come up with ways to harness them for fun, by connecting mobile EEG headsets to other consumer devices like video games, smartphones and—as you see in the video above—miniature helicopters.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Johnny Liu, who directs the developer program at NeuroSky, came into the KQED studios recently to show me how to use a headset in combination with the \u003ca href=\"http://www.kickstarter.com/projects/puzzlebox/puzzlebox-orbit-brain-controlled-helicopter\">Puzzlebox Orbit Brain-Controlled Helicopter\u003c/a>. It’s a spherical cage about eight inches in diameter containing three small propellers. Liu positioned the headset’s single sensor over his forehead and powered up an iPad. Then, he just sat there.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_161\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 640px\">\u003cimg class=\"size-full wp-image-161\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/futureofyou/wp-content/uploads/sites/13/2013/10/Science_Drone_0017_web-e1382747907800.jpg\" alt=\"The helicopter waits for the brain waves to kick in. (Sara Bloomberg/KQED)\" width=\"640\" height=\"360\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/13/2013/10/Science_Drone_0017_web-e1382747907800.jpg 640w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/13/2013/10/Science_Drone_0017_web-e1382747907800-400x225.jpg 400w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/13/2013/10/Science_Drone_0017_web-e1382747907800-320x180.jpg 320w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 640px) 100vw, 640px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">The helicopter waits for the brain waves to kick in. (Sara Bloomberg/KQED)\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>“I’m driving up my attention level,” he explained.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Soon we had proof: A red bar on the iPad screen began to rise. When it passed the three-quarters mark, the helicopter’s propellers began to whir as the Orbit lifted from the table.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Telekinesis is a lot harder than it looks.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>When it was my turn, Liu told me to pick something, anything, to focus on. I thought about the fog I’d seen on a walk that morning. Nothing. I fixedly pictured my breakfast. Zilch.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“How about you just try thinking about the helicopter?” Liu suggested.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>It worked! For about three seconds. (The video above makes it look as if the helicopter flew after I focused on fog; that’s a flattering by-product of Instagram’s 15-second video limit.)\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>You can’t get frustrated with the helicopter, it turns out, because that’s different from concentration. You have to calmly focus on it, really hard.\u003c/p>\n\u003caside class=\"pullquote alignright\">You’re doing the same thing as a meditator, a Buddhist monk might do. It’s just we in the West maybe need a device to do it.\u003c/aside>\n\u003cp>“Imagine,” Liu coached, “that you actually have telekinetic powers.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Success: six seconds.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Fortunately for the aerodynamically challenged, there are other brain training devices in development. One is the \u003ca href=\"http://ericawarp.com/?projects=neurodisco\">NeuroDisco\u003c/a>, a prototype computer program that can be used with an EEG headset. It’s designed by the composer-husband and neuroscientist-wife team of Richard and Erica Warp, along with designer Chung-Hay Luk.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The NeuroDisco reads brainwaves from an EEG headset called the Emotiv, whose 16 sensors must be carefully positioned around the temples and the back of your head.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>(Fruitlessly, in my case. Apparently I have too much hair—or not enough brain. The Emotiv failed to pick up a signal.)\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Instead of flying a helicopter, the Emotive feeds brain signals wirelessly into a laptop, where the NeuroDisco, a computer program designed by Richard in composing software called Max/MSP, translates the brain’s electrical patterns into music.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The underlying beat corresponds to the type of emotional state. The Emotiv can’t read much of the range of human emotion, but it can, says Erica, “differentiate an excited state from a meditative state from a frustrated state, for example.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_107\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 640px\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/futureofyou/wp-content/uploads/sites/13/2013/10/Amyeeg2.jpg\">\u003cimg class=\"wp-image-107 size-full\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/futureofyou/wp-content/uploads/sites/13/2013/10/Amyeeg2.jpg\" alt=\"Amyeeg2\" width=\"640\" height=\"427\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/13/2013/10/Amyeeg2.jpg 640w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/13/2013/10/Amyeeg2-400x267.jpg 400w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/13/2013/10/Amyeeg2-320x214.jpg 320w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 640px) 100vw, 640px\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Erica Warp explains to me how the NeuroDisco works. (Sara Bloomberg/KQED)\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>In a “frustrated” state, the beat is pounding and loud, “like a Nine Inch Nails song,” Richard says. As you become calmer and more meditative, the beat becomes softer and recedes.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[soundcloud url=\"https://api.soundcloud.com/tracks/116956297\" width=\"100%\" height=\"166\" iframe=\"true\" /]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The notes, meanwhile, correspond to the intensity, or “push” of the emotional state. The stronger your meditative state becomes, for instance, the closer the notes come together, the more “shimmery” the music sounds. A more distracted, less focused state produces tones that are farther away from each other and more discordant.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Richard, a former club-goer from London, says he wanted NeuroDisco’s music to be “subtle” and pleasant enough that a user might keep working with it, or as Richard puts it, “communing” with it. The idea is that over time, users will learn how to compose music by subtly changing their brain states, maybe increasing the intensity of their meditative states, for example.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Key to this learning process is the experience of biofeedback, where seeing a helicopter lift or hearing music shift tells the user in real time what his or her brain is doing and how it’s changing.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[soundcloud url=\"https://api.soundcloud.com/tracks/116956835\" width=\"100%\" height=\"166\" iframe=\"true\" /]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“That’s how you would train to be a brain musician,” says Richard. Instead of listening to the sounds the piano produces when you hit the keys, “you’re training to control your mental processes.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Richard says he’s always been an anxious person. The desire to feel more grounded is part of what led him to work on this project.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“I was interested in creating an environment where people can really commune with their internal state,” he says.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But is more technology really what we need to help us relax? Haven’t people been communing with their internal states without technology for thousands of years?\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>At this, Warp laughs.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“You’re doing the same thing as a meditator, a Buddhist monk might do. It’s just we in the West maybe need a device to do it.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>I asked that question of Adam Gazzaley, a neuroscientist who studies distraction and technology at University of California-San Francisco: Is technology what we need to help us relax? What about taking a walk, or actually learning to meditate?\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Gazzaley points out that for some people, that’s a lot to ask, particularly meditation.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“A lot of people find it really hard to get started, because they’re not very good at it in the beginning,” he says. EEG games can help engage those people by offering tools they’re comfortable with.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Perhaps for some, he adds, EEG feedback could one day be diagnostic—even therapeutic.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Imagine your child is diagnosed with ADHD,” says Gazzaley, “and you take them to the doctor. Instead of being given a box of pills, they put an EEG cap on and they play a video game that looks at how they pay attention to relevant information, how they ignore information, how they sustain attention, how they deal with multiple tasks.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Then, that data gets turned into a game—one the child will actually want to play—that can train him or her to focus more.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Over time, they might see ‘wow, we’ve corrected those things and we didn’t need medication,’ or ‘we needed a lot less medication.’”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad floatright]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>As for the rest of us, Gazzaley says, think of EEG games as baby steps toward learning new ways of calming down. Technology helped get us into this mess, maybe technology can help get us out.\u003c/p>\n\n",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Technically, I’d have a hard time doing this without the use of an EEG headset, in this case the MindWave Mobile, which is made by a San Jose company called NeuroSky.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The MindWave Mobile—much like two other mobile brain-wave-sensing devices called the Emotiv and Interaxon—is a pared-down version of something you’ve seen in science fiction movies anytime someone’s head is covered in electrodes. It’s an EEG, or electroencephalogram.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The EEG is a device that measures electrical activity inside the brain. It’s good at revealing patterns, like what happens during an epileptic seizure, or during sleep. (Sleep scientists using an EEG discovered the REM, or rapid eye movement state.) It can also detect patterns associated with certain emotional states.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In recent years, these headsets have gotten easier to use and much less expensive; the MindWave Mobile costs $99. And this has encouraged developers to come up with ways to harness them for fun, by connecting mobile EEG headsets to other consumer devices like video games, smartphones and—as you see in the video above—miniature helicopters.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Johnny Liu, who directs the developer program at NeuroSky, came into the KQED studios recently to show me how to use a headset in combination with the \u003ca href=\"http://www.kickstarter.com/projects/puzzlebox/puzzlebox-orbit-brain-controlled-helicopter\">Puzzlebox Orbit Brain-Controlled Helicopter\u003c/a>. It’s a spherical cage about eight inches in diameter containing three small propellers. Liu positioned the headset’s single sensor over his forehead and powered up an iPad. Then, he just sat there.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_161\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 640px\">\u003cimg class=\"size-full wp-image-161\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/futureofyou/wp-content/uploads/sites/13/2013/10/Science_Drone_0017_web-e1382747907800.jpg\" alt=\"The helicopter waits for the brain waves to kick in. (Sara Bloomberg/KQED)\" width=\"640\" height=\"360\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/13/2013/10/Science_Drone_0017_web-e1382747907800.jpg 640w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/13/2013/10/Science_Drone_0017_web-e1382747907800-400x225.jpg 400w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/13/2013/10/Science_Drone_0017_web-e1382747907800-320x180.jpg 320w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 640px) 100vw, 640px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">The helicopter waits for the brain waves to kick in. (Sara Bloomberg/KQED)\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>“I’m driving up my attention level,” he explained.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Soon we had proof: A red bar on the iPad screen began to rise. When it passed the three-quarters mark, the helicopter’s propellers began to whir as the Orbit lifted from the table.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Telekinesis is a lot harder than it looks.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>When it was my turn, Liu told me to pick something, anything, to focus on. I thought about the fog I’d seen on a walk that morning. Nothing. I fixedly pictured my breakfast. Zilch.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“How about you just try thinking about the helicopter?” Liu suggested.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>It worked! For about three seconds. (The video above makes it look as if the helicopter flew after I focused on fog; that’s a flattering by-product of Instagram’s 15-second video limit.)\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>You can’t get frustrated with the helicopter, it turns out, because that’s different from concentration. You have to calmly focus on it, really hard.\u003c/p>\n\u003caside class=\"pullquote alignright\">You’re doing the same thing as a meditator, a Buddhist monk might do. It’s just we in the West maybe need a device to do it.\u003c/aside>\n\u003cp>“Imagine,” Liu coached, “that you actually have telekinetic powers.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Success: six seconds.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Fortunately for the aerodynamically challenged, there are other brain training devices in development. One is the \u003ca href=\"http://ericawarp.com/?projects=neurodisco\">NeuroDisco\u003c/a>, a prototype computer program that can be used with an EEG headset. It’s designed by the composer-husband and neuroscientist-wife team of Richard and Erica Warp, along with designer Chung-Hay Luk.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The NeuroDisco reads brainwaves from an EEG headset called the Emotiv, whose 16 sensors must be carefully positioned around the temples and the back of your head.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>(Fruitlessly, in my case. Apparently I have too much hair—or not enough brain. The Emotiv failed to pick up a signal.)\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Instead of flying a helicopter, the Emotive feeds brain signals wirelessly into a laptop, where the NeuroDisco, a computer program designed by Richard in composing software called Max/MSP, translates the brain’s electrical patterns into music.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The underlying beat corresponds to the type of emotional state. The Emotiv can’t read much of the range of human emotion, but it can, says Erica, “differentiate an excited state from a meditative state from a frustrated state, for example.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_107\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 640px\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/futureofyou/wp-content/uploads/sites/13/2013/10/Amyeeg2.jpg\">\u003cimg class=\"wp-image-107 size-full\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/futureofyou/wp-content/uploads/sites/13/2013/10/Amyeeg2.jpg\" alt=\"Amyeeg2\" width=\"640\" height=\"427\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/13/2013/10/Amyeeg2.jpg 640w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/13/2013/10/Amyeeg2-400x267.jpg 400w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/13/2013/10/Amyeeg2-320x214.jpg 320w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 640px) 100vw, 640px\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Erica Warp explains to me how the NeuroDisco works. (Sara Bloomberg/KQED)\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>In a “frustrated” state, the beat is pounding and loud, “like a Nine Inch Nails song,” Richard says. As you become calmer and more meditative, the beat becomes softer and recedes.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003cdiv class='utils-parseShortcode-shortcodes-__shortcodes__shortcodeWrapper'>\n \u003ciframe width='100%' height='166'\n scrolling='no' frameborder='no'\n src='https://w.soundcloud.com/player/?url=https://api.soundcloud.com/tracks/116956297&visual=true&undefined'\n title='https://api.soundcloud.com/tracks/116956297'>\n \u003c/iframe>\n \u003c/div>\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The notes, meanwhile, correspond to the intensity, or “push” of the emotional state. The stronger your meditative state becomes, for instance, the closer the notes come together, the more “shimmery” the music sounds. A more distracted, less focused state produces tones that are farther away from each other and more discordant.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Richard, a former club-goer from London, says he wanted NeuroDisco’s music to be “subtle” and pleasant enough that a user might keep working with it, or as Richard puts it, “communing” with it. The idea is that over time, users will learn how to compose music by subtly changing their brain states, maybe increasing the intensity of their meditative states, for example.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Key to this learning process is the experience of biofeedback, where seeing a helicopter lift or hearing music shift tells the user in real time what his or her brain is doing and how it’s changing.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003cdiv class='utils-parseShortcode-shortcodes-__shortcodes__shortcodeWrapper'>\n \u003ciframe width='100%' height='166'\n scrolling='no' frameborder='no'\n src='https://w.soundcloud.com/player/?url=https://api.soundcloud.com/tracks/116956835&visual=true&undefined'\n title='https://api.soundcloud.com/tracks/116956835'>\n \u003c/iframe>\n \u003c/div>\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“That’s how you would train to be a brain musician,” says Richard. Instead of listening to the sounds the piano produces when you hit the keys, “you’re training to control your mental processes.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Richard says he’s always been an anxious person. The desire to feel more grounded is part of what led him to work on this project.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“I was interested in creating an environment where people can really commune with their internal state,” he says.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But is more technology really what we need to help us relax? Haven’t people been communing with their internal states without technology for thousands of years?\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>At this, Warp laughs.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“You’re doing the same thing as a meditator, a Buddhist monk might do. It’s just we in the West maybe need a device to do it.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>I asked that question of Adam Gazzaley, a neuroscientist who studies distraction and technology at University of California-San Francisco: Is technology what we need to help us relax? What about taking a walk, or actually learning to meditate?\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Gazzaley points out that for some people, that’s a lot to ask, particularly meditation.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“A lot of people find it really hard to get started, because they’re not very good at it in the beginning,” he says. EEG games can help engage those people by offering tools they’re comfortable with.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Perhaps for some, he adds, EEG feedback could one day be diagnostic—even therapeutic.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Imagine your child is diagnosed with ADHD,” says Gazzaley, “and you take them to the doctor. Instead of being given a box of pills, they put an EEG cap on and they play a video game that looks at how they pay attention to relevant information, how they ignore information, how they sustain attention, how they deal with multiple tasks.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Then, that data gets turned into a game—one the child will actually want to play—that can train him or her to focus more.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Over time, they might see ‘wow, we’ve corrected those things and we didn’t need medication,’ or ‘we needed a lot less medication.’”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>As for the rest of us, Gazzaley says, think of EEG games as baby steps toward learning new ways of calming down. Technology helped get us into this mess, maybe technology can help get us out.\u003c/p>\n\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>",
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"info": "Our flagship program, helmed by Kai Ryssdal, examines what the day in money delivered, through stories, conversations, newsworthy numbers and more. Updated Monday through Friday at about 3:30 p.m. PT.",
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"mindshift": {
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"info": "The MindShift podcast explores the innovations in education that are shaping how kids learn. Hosts Ki Sung and Katrina Schwartz introduce listeners to educators, researchers, parents and students who are developing effective ways to improve how kids learn. We cover topics like how fed-up administrators are developing surprising tactics to deal with classroom disruptions; how listening to podcasts are helping kids develop reading skills; the consequences of overparenting; and why interdisciplinary learning can engage students on all ends of the traditional achievement spectrum. This podcast is part of the MindShift education site, a division of KQED News. KQED is an NPR/PBS member station based in San Francisco. You can also visit the MindShift website for episodes and supplemental blog posts or tweet us \u003ca href=\"https://twitter.com/MindShiftKQED\">@MindShiftKQED\u003c/a> or visit us at \u003ca href=\"/mindshift\">MindShift.KQED.org\u003c/a>",
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"order": 12
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"info": "For decades, the process for how police police themselves has been inconsistent – if not opaque. In some states, like California, these proceedings were completely hidden. After a new police transparency law unsealed scores of internal affairs files, our reporters set out to examine these cases and the shadow world of police discipline. On Our Watch brings listeners into the rooms where officers are questioned and witnesses are interrogated to find out who this system is really protecting. Is it the officers, or the public they've sworn to serve?",
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"info": "Political Breakdown is a new series that explores the political intersection of California and the nation. Each week hosts Scott Shafer and Marisa Lagos are joined with a new special guest to unpack politics -- with personality — and offer an insider’s glimpse at how politics happens.",
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"possible": {
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"info": "Possible is hosted by entrepreneur Reid Hoffman and writer Aria Finger. Together in Possible, Hoffman and Finger lead enlightening discussions about building a brighter collective future. The show features interviews with visionary guests like Trevor Noah, Sam Altman and Janette Sadik-Khan. Possible paints an optimistic portrait of the world we can create through science, policy, business, art and our shared humanity. It asks: What if everything goes right for once? How can we get there? Each episode also includes a short fiction story generated by advanced AI GPT-4, serving as a thought-provoking springboard to speculate how humanity could leverage technology for good.",
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"pri-the-world": {
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"title": "PRI's The World: Latest Edition",
"info": "Each weekday, host Marco Werman and his team of producers bring you the world's most interesting stories in an hour of radio that reminds us just how small our planet really is.",
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"imageSrc": "https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/04/The-World-Podcast-Tile-360x360-1.jpg",
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},
"radiolab": {
"id": "radiolab",
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"info": "A two-time Peabody Award-winner, Radiolab is an investigation told through sounds and stories, and centered around one big idea. In the Radiolab world, information sounds like music and science and culture collide. Hosted by Jad Abumrad and Robert Krulwich, the show is designed for listeners who demand skepticism, but appreciate wonder. WNYC Studios is the producer of other leading podcasts including Freakonomics Radio, Death, Sex & Money, On the Media and many more.",
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},
"reveal": {
"id": "reveal",
"title": "Reveal",
"info": "Created by The Center for Investigative Reporting and PRX, Reveal is public radios first one-hour weekly radio show and podcast dedicated to investigative reporting. Credible, fact based and without a partisan agenda, Reveal combines the power and artistry of driveway moment storytelling with data-rich reporting on critically important issues. The result is stories that inform and inspire, arming our listeners with information to right injustices, hold the powerful accountable and improve lives.Reveal is hosted by Al Letson and showcases the award-winning work of CIR and newsrooms large and small across the nation. In a radio and podcast market crowded with choices, Reveal focuses on important and often surprising stories that illuminate the world for our listeners.",
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"officialWebsiteLink": "https://www.revealnews.org/episodes/",
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},
"rightnowish": {
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