window.__IS_SSR__=true
window.__INITIAL_STATE__={
"attachmentsReducer": {
"audio_0": {
"type": "attachments",
"id": "audio_0",
"imgSizes": {
"kqedFullSize": {
"file": "https://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/themes/KQED-unified/img/audio_bgs/background0.jpg"
}
}
},
"audio_1": {
"type": "attachments",
"id": "audio_1",
"imgSizes": {
"kqedFullSize": {
"file": "https://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/themes/KQED-unified/img/audio_bgs/background1.jpg"
}
}
},
"audio_2": {
"type": "attachments",
"id": "audio_2",
"imgSizes": {
"kqedFullSize": {
"file": "https://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/themes/KQED-unified/img/audio_bgs/background2.jpg"
}
}
},
"audio_3": {
"type": "attachments",
"id": "audio_3",
"imgSizes": {
"kqedFullSize": {
"file": "https://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/themes/KQED-unified/img/audio_bgs/background3.jpg"
}
}
},
"audio_4": {
"type": "attachments",
"id": "audio_4",
"imgSizes": {
"kqedFullSize": {
"file": "https://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/themes/KQED-unified/img/audio_bgs/background4.jpg"
}
}
},
"placeholder": {
"type": "attachments",
"id": "placeholder",
"imgSizes": {
"thumbnail": {
"file": "https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/12/KQED-Default-Image-816638274-2000x1333-1-160x107.jpg",
"width": 160,
"height": 107,
"mimeType": "image/jpeg"
},
"medium": {
"file": "https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/12/KQED-Default-Image-816638274-2000x1333-1-800x533.jpg",
"width": 800,
"height": 533,
"mimeType": "image/jpeg"
},
"medium_large": {
"file": "https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/12/KQED-Default-Image-816638274-2000x1333-1-768x512.jpg",
"width": 768,
"height": 512,
"mimeType": "image/jpeg"
},
"large": {
"file": "https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/12/KQED-Default-Image-816638274-2000x1333-1-1020x680.jpg",
"width": 1020,
"height": 680,
"mimeType": "image/jpeg"
},
"1536x1536": {
"file": "https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/12/KQED-Default-Image-816638274-2000x1333-1-1536x1024.jpg",
"width": 1536,
"height": 1024,
"mimeType": "image/jpeg"
},
"fd-lrg": {
"file": "https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/12/KQED-Default-Image-816638274-2000x1333-1-1536x1024.jpg",
"width": 1536,
"height": 1024,
"mimeType": "image/jpeg"
},
"fd-med": {
"file": "https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/12/KQED-Default-Image-816638274-2000x1333-1-1020x680.jpg",
"width": 1020,
"height": 680,
"mimeType": "image/jpeg"
},
"fd-sm": {
"file": "https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/12/KQED-Default-Image-816638274-2000x1333-1-800x533.jpg",
"width": 800,
"height": 533,
"mimeType": "image/jpeg"
},
"post-thumbnail": {
"file": "https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/12/KQED-Default-Image-816638274-2000x1333-1-672x372.jpg",
"width": 672,
"height": 372,
"mimeType": "image/jpeg"
},
"twentyfourteen-full-width": {
"file": "https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/12/KQED-Default-Image-816638274-2000x1333-1-1038x576.jpg",
"width": 1038,
"height": 576,
"mimeType": "image/jpeg"
},
"xxsmall": {
"file": "https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/12/KQED-Default-Image-816638274-2000x1333-1-160x107.jpg",
"width": 160,
"height": 107,
"mimeType": "image/jpeg"
},
"xsmall": {
"file": "https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/12/KQED-Default-Image-816638274-2000x1333-1-672x372.jpg",
"width": 672,
"height": 372,
"mimeType": "image/jpeg"
},
"small": {
"file": "https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/12/KQED-Default-Image-816638274-2000x1333-1-672x372.jpg",
"width": 672,
"height": 372,
"mimeType": "image/jpeg"
},
"xlarge": {
"file": "https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/12/KQED-Default-Image-816638274-2000x1333-1-1020x680.jpg",
"width": 1020,
"height": 680,
"mimeType": "image/jpeg"
},
"full-width": {
"file": "https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/12/KQED-Default-Image-816638274-2000x1333-1-1920x1280.jpg",
"width": 1920,
"height": 1280,
"mimeType": "image/jpeg"
},
"guest-author-32": {
"file": "https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2025/01/KQED-Default-Image-816638274-1333x1333-1-160x160.jpg",
"width": 32,
"height": 32,
"mimeType": "image/jpeg"
},
"guest-author-50": {
"file": "https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2025/01/KQED-Default-Image-816638274-1333x1333-1-160x160.jpg",
"width": 50,
"height": 50,
"mimeType": "image/jpeg"
},
"guest-author-64": {
"file": "https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2025/01/KQED-Default-Image-816638274-1333x1333-1-160x160.jpg",
"width": 64,
"height": 64,
"mimeType": "image/jpeg"
},
"guest-author-96": {
"file": "https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2025/01/KQED-Default-Image-816638274-1333x1333-1-160x160.jpg",
"width": 96,
"height": 96,
"mimeType": "image/jpeg"
},
"guest-author-128": {
"file": "https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2025/01/KQED-Default-Image-816638274-1333x1333-1-160x160.jpg",
"width": 128,
"height": 128,
"mimeType": "image/jpeg"
},
"detail": {
"file": "https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2025/01/KQED-Default-Image-816638274-1333x1333-1-160x160.jpg",
"width": 160,
"height": 160,
"mimeType": "image/jpeg"
},
"kqedFullSize": {
"file": "https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/12/KQED-Default-Image-816638274-2000x1333-1.jpg",
"width": 2000,
"height": 1333
}
}
},
"futureofyou_440729": {
"type": "attachments",
"id": "futureofyou_440729",
"meta": {
"index": "attachments_1716263798",
"site": "futureofyou",
"id": "440729",
"found": true
},
"parent": 440728,
"imgSizes": {
"small": {
"file": "https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/13/2018/04/plaques-1-54705a5d4229197599541fa58e6d15a02ae8e32a-520x390.jpg",
"width": 520,
"mimeType": "image/jpeg",
"height": 390
},
"twentyfourteen-full-width": {
"file": "https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/13/2018/04/plaques-1-54705a5d4229197599541fa58e6d15a02ae8e32a-1038x576.jpg",
"width": 1038,
"mimeType": "image/jpeg",
"height": 576
},
"thumbnail": {
"file": "https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/13/2018/04/plaques-1-54705a5d4229197599541fa58e6d15a02ae8e32a-160x120.jpg",
"width": 160,
"mimeType": "image/jpeg",
"height": 120
},
"fd-sm": {
"file": "https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/13/2018/04/plaques-1-54705a5d4229197599541fa58e6d15a02ae8e32a-960x720.jpg",
"width": 960,
"mimeType": "image/jpeg",
"height": 720
},
"post-thumbnail": {
"file": "https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/13/2018/04/plaques-1-54705a5d4229197599541fa58e6d15a02ae8e32a-672x372.jpg",
"width": 672,
"mimeType": "image/jpeg",
"height": 372
},
"xsmall": {
"file": "https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/13/2018/04/plaques-1-54705a5d4229197599541fa58e6d15a02ae8e32a-375x281.jpg",
"width": 375,
"mimeType": "image/jpeg",
"height": 281
},
"kqedFullSize": {
"file": "https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/13/2018/04/plaques-1-54705a5d4229197599541fa58e6d15a02ae8e32a.jpg",
"width": 1748,
"height": 1311
},
"large": {
"file": "https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/13/2018/04/plaques-1-54705a5d4229197599541fa58e6d15a02ae8e32a-1020x765.jpg",
"width": 1020,
"mimeType": "image/jpeg",
"height": 765
},
"xlarge": {
"file": "https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/13/2018/04/plaques-1-54705a5d4229197599541fa58e6d15a02ae8e32a-1180x885.jpg",
"width": 1180,
"mimeType": "image/jpeg",
"height": 885
},
"guest-author-50": {
"file": "https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/13/2018/04/plaques-1-54705a5d4229197599541fa58e6d15a02ae8e32a-50x50.jpg",
"width": 50,
"mimeType": "image/jpeg",
"height": 50
},
"guest-author-96": {
"file": "https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/13/2018/04/plaques-1-54705a5d4229197599541fa58e6d15a02ae8e32a-96x96.jpg",
"width": 96,
"mimeType": "image/jpeg",
"height": 96
},
"medium": {
"file": "https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/13/2018/04/plaques-1-54705a5d4229197599541fa58e6d15a02ae8e32a-800x600.jpg",
"width": 800,
"mimeType": "image/jpeg",
"height": 600
},
"guest-author-64": {
"file": "https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/13/2018/04/plaques-1-54705a5d4229197599541fa58e6d15a02ae8e32a-64x64.jpg",
"width": 64,
"mimeType": "image/jpeg",
"height": 64
},
"guest-author-32": {
"file": "https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/13/2018/04/plaques-1-54705a5d4229197599541fa58e6d15a02ae8e32a-32x32.jpg",
"width": 32,
"mimeType": "image/jpeg",
"height": 32
},
"fd-med": {
"file": "https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/13/2018/04/plaques-1-54705a5d4229197599541fa58e6d15a02ae8e32a-1180x885.jpg",
"width": 1180,
"mimeType": "image/jpeg",
"height": 885
},
"detail": {
"file": "https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/13/2018/04/plaques-1-54705a5d4229197599541fa58e6d15a02ae8e32a-150x150.jpg",
"width": 150,
"mimeType": "image/jpeg",
"height": 150
},
"medium_large": {
"file": "https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/13/2018/04/plaques-1-54705a5d4229197599541fa58e6d15a02ae8e32a-768x576.jpg",
"width": 768,
"mimeType": "image/jpeg",
"height": 576
},
"guest-author-128": {
"file": "https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/13/2018/04/plaques-1-54705a5d4229197599541fa58e6d15a02ae8e32a-128x128.jpg",
"width": 128,
"mimeType": "image/jpeg",
"height": 128
},
"xxsmall": {
"file": "https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/13/2018/04/plaques-1-54705a5d4229197599541fa58e6d15a02ae8e32a-240x180.jpg",
"width": 240,
"mimeType": "image/jpeg",
"height": 180
}
},
"publishDate": 1523382289,
"modified": 1523383040,
"caption": "Plaques located in the gray matter of the brain are key indicators of Alzheimer's disease.",
"description": "Plaques located in the gray matter of the brain are key indicators of Alzheimer's disease.",
"title": "Plaques located in the gray matter of the brain are key indicators of Alzheimer's disease.",
"credit": "Cecil Fox/Science Source",
"status": "inherit",
"isLoading": false,
"fetchFailed": false
},
"futureofyou_440673": {
"type": "attachments",
"id": "futureofyou_440673",
"meta": {
"index": "attachments_1716263798",
"site": "futureofyou",
"id": "440673",
"found": true
},
"parent": 440672,
"imgSizes": {
"small": {
"file": "https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/13/2018/04/daydreaming-10-ca7f66512da6a0384891d7f2d0f7d7e7c7ab89bf-520x389.jpg",
"width": 520,
"mimeType": "image/jpeg",
"height": 389
},
"twentyfourteen-full-width": {
"file": "https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/13/2018/04/daydreaming-10-ca7f66512da6a0384891d7f2d0f7d7e7c7ab89bf-1038x576.jpg",
"width": 1038,
"mimeType": "image/jpeg",
"height": 576
},
"thumbnail": {
"file": "https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/13/2018/04/daydreaming-10-ca7f66512da6a0384891d7f2d0f7d7e7c7ab89bf-160x120.jpg",
"width": 160,
"mimeType": "image/jpeg",
"height": 120
},
"fd-sm": {
"file": "https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/13/2018/04/daydreaming-10-ca7f66512da6a0384891d7f2d0f7d7e7c7ab89bf-960x719.jpg",
"width": 960,
"mimeType": "image/jpeg",
"height": 719
},
"post-thumbnail": {
"file": "https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/13/2018/04/daydreaming-10-ca7f66512da6a0384891d7f2d0f7d7e7c7ab89bf-672x372.jpg",
"width": 672,
"mimeType": "image/jpeg",
"height": 372
},
"xsmall": {
"file": "https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/13/2018/04/daydreaming-10-ca7f66512da6a0384891d7f2d0f7d7e7c7ab89bf-375x281.jpg",
"width": 375,
"mimeType": "image/jpeg",
"height": 281
},
"kqedFullSize": {
"file": "https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/13/2018/04/daydreaming-10-ca7f66512da6a0384891d7f2d0f7d7e7c7ab89bf.jpg",
"width": 1442,
"height": 1080
},
"large": {
"file": "https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/13/2018/04/daydreaming-10-ca7f66512da6a0384891d7f2d0f7d7e7c7ab89bf-1020x764.jpg",
"width": 1020,
"mimeType": "image/jpeg",
"height": 764
},
"xlarge": {
"file": "https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/13/2018/04/daydreaming-10-ca7f66512da6a0384891d7f2d0f7d7e7c7ab89bf-1180x884.jpg",
"width": 1180,
"mimeType": "image/jpeg",
"height": 884
},
"guest-author-50": {
"file": "https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/13/2018/04/daydreaming-10-ca7f66512da6a0384891d7f2d0f7d7e7c7ab89bf-50x50.jpg",
"width": 50,
"mimeType": "image/jpeg",
"height": 50
},
"guest-author-96": {
"file": "https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/13/2018/04/daydreaming-10-ca7f66512da6a0384891d7f2d0f7d7e7c7ab89bf-96x96.jpg",
"width": 96,
"mimeType": "image/jpeg",
"height": 96
},
"medium": {
"file": "https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/13/2018/04/daydreaming-10-ca7f66512da6a0384891d7f2d0f7d7e7c7ab89bf-800x599.jpg",
"width": 800,
"mimeType": "image/jpeg",
"height": 599
},
"guest-author-64": {
"file": "https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/13/2018/04/daydreaming-10-ca7f66512da6a0384891d7f2d0f7d7e7c7ab89bf-64x64.jpg",
"width": 64,
"mimeType": "image/jpeg",
"height": 64
},
"guest-author-32": {
"file": "https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/13/2018/04/daydreaming-10-ca7f66512da6a0384891d7f2d0f7d7e7c7ab89bf-32x32.jpg",
"width": 32,
"mimeType": "image/jpeg",
"height": 32
},
"fd-med": {
"file": "https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/13/2018/04/daydreaming-10-ca7f66512da6a0384891d7f2d0f7d7e7c7ab89bf-1180x884.jpg",
"width": 1180,
"mimeType": "image/jpeg",
"height": 884
},
"detail": {
"file": "https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/13/2018/04/daydreaming-10-ca7f66512da6a0384891d7f2d0f7d7e7c7ab89bf-150x150.jpg",
"width": 150,
"mimeType": "image/jpeg",
"height": 150
},
"medium_large": {
"file": "https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/13/2018/04/daydreaming-10-ca7f66512da6a0384891d7f2d0f7d7e7c7ab89bf-768x575.jpg",
"width": 768,
"mimeType": "image/jpeg",
"height": 575
},
"guest-author-128": {
"file": "https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/13/2018/04/daydreaming-10-ca7f66512da6a0384891d7f2d0f7d7e7c7ab89bf-128x128.jpg",
"width": 128,
"mimeType": "image/jpeg",
"height": 128
},
"xxsmall": {
"file": "https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/13/2018/04/daydreaming-10-ca7f66512da6a0384891d7f2d0f7d7e7c7ab89bf-240x180.jpg",
"width": 240,
"mimeType": "image/jpeg",
"height": 180
}
},
"publishDate": 1523034142,
"modified": 1523034396,
"caption": null,
"description": "M spends so much time daydreaming that it interferes with her life.",
"title": "M spends so much time daydreaming that it interferes with her life.",
"credit": "NPR",
"status": "inherit",
"isLoading": false,
"fetchFailed": false
},
"futureofyou_440232": {
"type": "attachments",
"id": "futureofyou_440232",
"meta": {
"index": "attachments_1716263798",
"site": "futureofyou",
"id": "440232",
"found": true
},
"parent": 440231,
"imgSizes": {
"small": {
"file": "https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/13/2018/02/606_npr_deep_learning_3000px_wide-8ed918393f08414b80c281a835a584d945428d49-520x292.jpg",
"width": 520,
"mimeType": "image/jpeg",
"height": 292
},
"twentyfourteen-full-width": {
"file": "https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/13/2018/02/606_npr_deep_learning_3000px_wide-8ed918393f08414b80c281a835a584d945428d49-1038x576.jpg",
"width": 1038,
"mimeType": "image/jpeg",
"height": 576
},
"thumbnail": {
"file": "https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/13/2018/02/606_npr_deep_learning_3000px_wide-8ed918393f08414b80c281a835a584d945428d49-160x90.jpg",
"width": 160,
"mimeType": "image/jpeg",
"height": 90
},
"fd-sm": {
"file": "https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/13/2018/02/606_npr_deep_learning_3000px_wide-8ed918393f08414b80c281a835a584d945428d49-960x540.jpg",
"width": 960,
"mimeType": "image/jpeg",
"height": 540
},
"post-thumbnail": {
"file": "https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/13/2018/02/606_npr_deep_learning_3000px_wide-8ed918393f08414b80c281a835a584d945428d49-672x372.jpg",
"width": 672,
"mimeType": "image/jpeg",
"height": 372
},
"xsmall": {
"file": "https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/13/2018/02/606_npr_deep_learning_3000px_wide-8ed918393f08414b80c281a835a584d945428d49-375x211.jpg",
"width": 375,
"mimeType": "image/jpeg",
"height": 211
},
"kqedFullSize": {
"file": "https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/13/2018/02/606_npr_deep_learning_3000px_wide-8ed918393f08414b80c281a835a584d945428d49.jpg",
"width": 3000,
"height": 1687
},
"large": {
"file": "https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/13/2018/02/606_npr_deep_learning_3000px_wide-8ed918393f08414b80c281a835a584d945428d49-1020x574.jpg",
"width": 1020,
"mimeType": "image/jpeg",
"height": 574
},
"xlarge": {
"file": "https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/13/2018/02/606_npr_deep_learning_3000px_wide-8ed918393f08414b80c281a835a584d945428d49-1180x664.jpg",
"width": 1180,
"mimeType": "image/jpeg",
"height": 664
},
"guest-author-50": {
"file": "https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/13/2018/02/606_npr_deep_learning_3000px_wide-8ed918393f08414b80c281a835a584d945428d49-50x50.jpg",
"width": 50,
"mimeType": "image/jpeg",
"height": 50
},
"guest-author-96": {
"file": "https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/13/2018/02/606_npr_deep_learning_3000px_wide-8ed918393f08414b80c281a835a584d945428d49-96x96.jpg",
"width": 96,
"mimeType": "image/jpeg",
"height": 96
},
"medium": {
"file": "https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/13/2018/02/606_npr_deep_learning_3000px_wide-8ed918393f08414b80c281a835a584d945428d49-800x450.jpg",
"width": 800,
"mimeType": "image/jpeg",
"height": 450
},
"guest-author-64": {
"file": "https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/13/2018/02/606_npr_deep_learning_3000px_wide-8ed918393f08414b80c281a835a584d945428d49-64x64.jpg",
"width": 64,
"mimeType": "image/jpeg",
"height": 64
},
"guest-author-32": {
"file": "https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/13/2018/02/606_npr_deep_learning_3000px_wide-8ed918393f08414b80c281a835a584d945428d49-32x32.jpg",
"width": 32,
"mimeType": "image/jpeg",
"height": 32
},
"fd-lrg": {
"file": "https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/13/2018/02/606_npr_deep_learning_3000px_wide-8ed918393f08414b80c281a835a584d945428d49-1920x1080.jpg",
"width": 1920,
"mimeType": "image/jpeg",
"height": 1080
},
"fd-med": {
"file": "https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/13/2018/02/606_npr_deep_learning_3000px_wide-8ed918393f08414b80c281a835a584d945428d49-1180x664.jpg",
"width": 1180,
"mimeType": "image/jpeg",
"height": 664
},
"full-width": {
"file": "https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/13/2018/02/606_npr_deep_learning_3000px_wide-8ed918393f08414b80c281a835a584d945428d49-1920x1080.jpg",
"width": 1920,
"mimeType": "image/jpeg",
"height": 1080
},
"detail": {
"file": "https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/13/2018/02/606_npr_deep_learning_3000px_wide-8ed918393f08414b80c281a835a584d945428d49-150x150.jpg",
"width": 150,
"mimeType": "image/jpeg",
"height": 150
},
"medium_large": {
"file": "https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/13/2018/02/606_npr_deep_learning_3000px_wide-8ed918393f08414b80c281a835a584d945428d49-768x432.jpg",
"width": 768,
"mimeType": "image/jpeg",
"height": 432
},
"guest-author-128": {
"file": "https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/13/2018/02/606_npr_deep_learning_3000px_wide-8ed918393f08414b80c281a835a584d945428d49-128x128.jpg",
"width": 128,
"mimeType": "image/jpeg",
"height": 128
},
"xxsmall": {
"file": "https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/13/2018/02/606_npr_deep_learning_3000px_wide-8ed918393f08414b80c281a835a584d945428d49-240x135.jpg",
"width": 240,
"mimeType": "image/jpeg",
"height": 135
}
},
"publishDate": 1521224846,
"modified": 1521224846,
"caption": null,
"description": "Computers use artificial intelligence to do everything from drive cars to pick music we'll like. But what exactly is artificial intelligence? How does it work? What are its limits?",
"title": "Computers use artificial intelligence to do everything from drive cars to pick music we'll like. But what exactly is artificial intelligence? How does it work? What are its limits?",
"credit": null,
"status": "inherit",
"isLoading": false,
"fetchFailed": false
},
"futureofyou_439939": {
"type": "attachments",
"id": "futureofyou_439939",
"meta": {
"index": "attachments_1716263798",
"site": "futureofyou",
"id": "439939",
"found": true
},
"parent": 439938,
"imgSizes": {
"small": {
"file": "https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/13/2018/02/plaques-1_wide-aaad1eb9087e6968b631c8b3022f944b95ea7f60-520x292.jpg",
"width": 520,
"mimeType": "image/jpeg",
"height": 292
},
"twentyfourteen-full-width": {
"file": "https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/13/2018/02/plaques-1_wide-aaad1eb9087e6968b631c8b3022f944b95ea7f60-1038x576.jpg",
"width": 1038,
"mimeType": "image/jpeg",
"height": 576
},
"thumbnail": {
"file": "https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/13/2018/02/plaques-1_wide-aaad1eb9087e6968b631c8b3022f944b95ea7f60-160x90.jpg",
"width": 160,
"mimeType": "image/jpeg",
"height": 90
},
"fd-sm": {
"file": "https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/13/2018/02/plaques-1_wide-aaad1eb9087e6968b631c8b3022f944b95ea7f60-960x540.jpg",
"width": 960,
"mimeType": "image/jpeg",
"height": 540
},
"post-thumbnail": {
"file": "https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/13/2018/02/plaques-1_wide-aaad1eb9087e6968b631c8b3022f944b95ea7f60-672x372.jpg",
"width": 672,
"mimeType": "image/jpeg",
"height": 372
},
"xsmall": {
"file": "https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/13/2018/02/plaques-1_wide-aaad1eb9087e6968b631c8b3022f944b95ea7f60-375x211.jpg",
"width": 375,
"mimeType": "image/jpeg",
"height": 211
},
"kqedFullSize": {
"file": "https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/13/2018/02/plaques-1_wide-aaad1eb9087e6968b631c8b3022f944b95ea7f60.jpg",
"width": 1961,
"height": 1103
},
"large": {
"file": "https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/13/2018/02/plaques-1_wide-aaad1eb9087e6968b631c8b3022f944b95ea7f60-1020x574.jpg",
"width": 1020,
"mimeType": "image/jpeg",
"height": 574
},
"xlarge": {
"file": "https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/13/2018/02/plaques-1_wide-aaad1eb9087e6968b631c8b3022f944b95ea7f60-1180x664.jpg",
"width": 1180,
"mimeType": "image/jpeg",
"height": 664
},
"guest-author-50": {
"file": "https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/13/2018/02/plaques-1_wide-aaad1eb9087e6968b631c8b3022f944b95ea7f60-50x50.jpg",
"width": 50,
"mimeType": "image/jpeg",
"height": 50
},
"guest-author-96": {
"file": "https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/13/2018/02/plaques-1_wide-aaad1eb9087e6968b631c8b3022f944b95ea7f60-96x96.jpg",
"width": 96,
"mimeType": "image/jpeg",
"height": 96
},
"medium": {
"file": "https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/13/2018/02/plaques-1_wide-aaad1eb9087e6968b631c8b3022f944b95ea7f60-800x450.jpg",
"width": 800,
"mimeType": "image/jpeg",
"height": 450
},
"guest-author-64": {
"file": "https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/13/2018/02/plaques-1_wide-aaad1eb9087e6968b631c8b3022f944b95ea7f60-64x64.jpg",
"width": 64,
"mimeType": "image/jpeg",
"height": 64
},
"guest-author-32": {
"file": "https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/13/2018/02/plaques-1_wide-aaad1eb9087e6968b631c8b3022f944b95ea7f60-32x32.jpg",
"width": 32,
"mimeType": "image/jpeg",
"height": 32
},
"fd-lrg": {
"file": "https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/13/2018/02/plaques-1_wide-aaad1eb9087e6968b631c8b3022f944b95ea7f60-1920x1080.jpg",
"width": 1920,
"mimeType": "image/jpeg",
"height": 1080
},
"fd-med": {
"file": "https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/13/2018/02/plaques-1_wide-aaad1eb9087e6968b631c8b3022f944b95ea7f60-1180x664.jpg",
"width": 1180,
"mimeType": "image/jpeg",
"height": 664
},
"full-width": {
"file": "https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/13/2018/02/plaques-1_wide-aaad1eb9087e6968b631c8b3022f944b95ea7f60-1920x1080.jpg",
"width": 1920,
"mimeType": "image/jpeg",
"height": 1080
},
"detail": {
"file": "https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/13/2018/02/plaques-1_wide-aaad1eb9087e6968b631c8b3022f944b95ea7f60-150x150.jpg",
"width": 150,
"mimeType": "image/jpeg",
"height": 150
},
"medium_large": {
"file": "https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/13/2018/02/plaques-1_wide-aaad1eb9087e6968b631c8b3022f944b95ea7f60-768x432.jpg",
"width": 768,
"mimeType": "image/jpeg",
"height": 432
},
"guest-author-128": {
"file": "https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/13/2018/02/plaques-1_wide-aaad1eb9087e6968b631c8b3022f944b95ea7f60-128x128.jpg",
"width": 128,
"mimeType": "image/jpeg",
"height": 128
},
"xxsmall": {
"file": "https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/13/2018/02/plaques-1_wide-aaad1eb9087e6968b631c8b3022f944b95ea7f60-240x135.jpg",
"width": 240,
"mimeType": "image/jpeg",
"height": 135
}
},
"publishDate": 1520028041,
"modified": 1520028041,
"caption": null,
"description": "This light micrograph of a part of a brain affected by Alzheimer's disease shows an accumulation of darkened plaques, which have molecules called amyloid-beta at their core. Once dismissed as all bad, amyloid-beta might actually be a useful part of the immune system, some scientists now suspect — until the brain starts making too muc",
"title": "This light micrograph of a part of a brain affected by Alzheimer's disease shows an accumulation of darkened plaques, which have molecules called amyloid-beta at their core. Once dismissed as all bad, amyloid-beta might actually be a useful part of the immune system, some scientists now suspect — until the brain starts making too much.",
"credit": null,
"status": "inherit",
"isLoading": false,
"fetchFailed": false
},
"futureofyou_439764": {
"type": "attachments",
"id": "futureofyou_439764",
"meta": {
"index": "attachments_1716263798",
"site": "futureofyou",
"id": "439764",
"found": true
},
"parent": 439750,
"imgSizes": {
"small": {
"file": "https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/13/2018/02/GettyImages-152489329-520x347.jpg",
"width": 520,
"mimeType": "image/jpeg",
"height": 347
},
"twentyfourteen-full-width": {
"file": "https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/13/2018/02/GettyImages-152489329-1038x576.jpg",
"width": 1038,
"mimeType": "image/jpeg",
"height": 576
},
"thumbnail": {
"file": "https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/13/2018/02/GettyImages-152489329-160x107.jpg",
"width": 160,
"mimeType": "image/jpeg",
"height": 107
},
"fd-sm": {
"file": "https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/13/2018/02/GettyImages-152489329-960x640.jpg",
"width": 960,
"mimeType": "image/jpeg",
"height": 640
},
"post-thumbnail": {
"file": "https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/13/2018/02/GettyImages-152489329-672x372.jpg",
"width": 672,
"mimeType": "image/jpeg",
"height": 372
},
"xsmall": {
"file": "https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/13/2018/02/GettyImages-152489329-375x250.jpg",
"width": 375,
"mimeType": "image/jpeg",
"height": 250
},
"kqedFullSize": {
"file": "https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/13/2018/02/GettyImages-152489329.jpg",
"width": 3000,
"height": 2000
},
"large": {
"file": "https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/13/2018/02/GettyImages-152489329-1020x680.jpg",
"width": 1020,
"mimeType": "image/jpeg",
"height": 680
},
"xlarge": {
"file": "https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/13/2018/02/GettyImages-152489329-1180x787.jpg",
"width": 1180,
"mimeType": "image/jpeg",
"height": 787
},
"guest-author-50": {
"file": "https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/13/2018/02/GettyImages-152489329-50x50.jpg",
"width": 50,
"mimeType": "image/jpeg",
"height": 50
},
"guest-author-96": {
"file": "https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/13/2018/02/GettyImages-152489329-96x96.jpg",
"width": 96,
"mimeType": "image/jpeg",
"height": 96
},
"medium": {
"file": "https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/13/2018/02/GettyImages-152489329-800x533.jpg",
"width": 800,
"mimeType": "image/jpeg",
"height": 533
},
"guest-author-64": {
"file": "https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/13/2018/02/GettyImages-152489329-64x64.jpg",
"width": 64,
"mimeType": "image/jpeg",
"height": 64
},
"guest-author-32": {
"file": "https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/13/2018/02/GettyImages-152489329-32x32.jpg",
"width": 32,
"mimeType": "image/jpeg",
"height": 32
},
"fd-lrg": {
"file": "https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/13/2018/02/GettyImages-152489329-1920x1280.jpg",
"width": 1920,
"mimeType": "image/jpeg",
"height": 1280
},
"fd-med": {
"file": "https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/13/2018/02/GettyImages-152489329-1180x787.jpg",
"width": 1180,
"mimeType": "image/jpeg",
"height": 787
},
"full-width": {
"file": "https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/13/2018/02/GettyImages-152489329-1920x1280.jpg",
"width": 1920,
"mimeType": "image/jpeg",
"height": 1280
},
"detail": {
"file": "https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/13/2018/02/GettyImages-152489329-150x150.jpg",
"width": 150,
"mimeType": "image/jpeg",
"height": 150
},
"medium_large": {
"file": "https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/13/2018/02/GettyImages-152489329-768x512.jpg",
"width": 768,
"mimeType": "image/jpeg",
"height": 512
},
"guest-author-128": {
"file": "https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/13/2018/02/GettyImages-152489329-128x128.jpg",
"width": 128,
"mimeType": "image/jpeg",
"height": 128
},
"xxsmall": {
"file": "https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/13/2018/02/GettyImages-152489329-240x160.jpg",
"width": 240,
"mimeType": "image/jpeg",
"height": 160
}
},
"publishDate": 1519423711,
"modified": 1519423762,
"caption": "Tamara Lycholaj, 89, speaks with a nutrition specialist on September 21, 2012 in Glen Spey, New York. ",
"description": null,
"title": "Government Assistance Programs Aid Underprivileged Communities In New York State",
"credit": "John Moore/Getty Images",
"status": "inherit",
"isLoading": false,
"fetchFailed": false
},
"futureofyou_439402": {
"type": "attachments",
"id": "futureofyou_439402",
"meta": {
"index": "attachments_1716263798",
"site": "futureofyou",
"id": "439402",
"found": true
},
"parent": 439399,
"imgSizes": {
"small": {
"file": "https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/13/2018/02/hand-520x295.png",
"width": 520,
"mimeType": "image/png",
"height": 295
},
"thumbnail": {
"file": "https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/13/2018/02/hand-160x91.png",
"width": 160,
"mimeType": "image/png",
"height": 91
},
"post-thumbnail": {
"file": "https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/13/2018/02/hand-672x372.png",
"width": 672,
"mimeType": "image/png",
"height": 372
},
"xsmall": {
"file": "https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/13/2018/02/hand-375x213.png",
"width": 375,
"mimeType": "image/png",
"height": 213
},
"kqedFullSize": {
"file": "https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/13/2018/02/hand.png",
"width": 694,
"height": 394
},
"guest-author-50": {
"file": "https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/13/2018/02/hand-50x50.png",
"width": 50,
"mimeType": "image/png",
"height": 50
},
"guest-author-96": {
"file": "https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/13/2018/02/hand-96x96.png",
"width": 96,
"mimeType": "image/png",
"height": 96
},
"guest-author-64": {
"file": "https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/13/2018/02/hand-64x64.png",
"width": 64,
"mimeType": "image/png",
"height": 64
},
"detail": {
"file": "https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/13/2018/02/hand-150x150.png",
"width": 150,
"mimeType": "image/png",
"height": 150
},
"guest-author-32": {
"file": "https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/13/2018/02/hand-32x32.png",
"width": 32,
"mimeType": "image/png",
"height": 32
},
"guest-author-128": {
"file": "https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/13/2018/02/hand-128x128.png",
"width": 128,
"mimeType": "image/png",
"height": 128
},
"xxsmall": {
"file": "https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/13/2018/02/hand-240x136.png",
"width": 240,
"mimeType": "image/png",
"height": 136
}
},
"publishDate": 1518211484,
"modified": 1518211495,
"caption": null,
"description": null,
"title": "hand",
"credit": "NPR",
"status": "inherit",
"isLoading": false,
"fetchFailed": false
},
"futureofyou_436055": {
"type": "attachments",
"id": "futureofyou_436055",
"meta": {
"index": "attachments_1716263798",
"site": "futureofyou",
"id": "436055",
"found": true
},
"parent": 436054,
"imgSizes": {
"small": {
"file": "https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/13/2017/10/scisource_custom-eefe0352fb8feabb40c82bc82d82d7ba247746b8-520x319.jpg",
"width": 520,
"mimeType": "image/jpeg",
"height": 319
},
"twentyfourteen-full-width": {
"file": "https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/13/2017/10/scisource_custom-eefe0352fb8feabb40c82bc82d82d7ba247746b8-1038x576.jpg",
"width": 1038,
"mimeType": "image/jpeg",
"height": 576
},
"thumbnail": {
"file": "https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/13/2017/10/scisource_custom-eefe0352fb8feabb40c82bc82d82d7ba247746b8-160x98.jpg",
"width": 160,
"mimeType": "image/jpeg",
"height": 98
},
"fd-sm": {
"file": "https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/13/2017/10/scisource_custom-eefe0352fb8feabb40c82bc82d82d7ba247746b8-960x589.jpg",
"width": 960,
"mimeType": "image/jpeg",
"height": 589
},
"post-thumbnail": {
"file": "https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/13/2017/10/scisource_custom-eefe0352fb8feabb40c82bc82d82d7ba247746b8-672x372.jpg",
"width": 672,
"mimeType": "image/jpeg",
"height": 372
},
"xsmall": {
"file": "https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/13/2017/10/scisource_custom-eefe0352fb8feabb40c82bc82d82d7ba247746b8-375x230.jpg",
"width": 375,
"mimeType": "image/jpeg",
"height": 230
},
"kqedFullSize": {
"file": "https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/13/2017/10/scisource_custom-eefe0352fb8feabb40c82bc82d82d7ba247746b8-e1508863790882.jpg",
"width": 1920,
"height": 1178
},
"large": {
"file": "https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/13/2017/10/scisource_custom-eefe0352fb8feabb40c82bc82d82d7ba247746b8-1020x626.jpg",
"width": 1020,
"mimeType": "image/jpeg",
"height": 626
},
"xlarge": {
"file": "https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/13/2017/10/scisource_custom-eefe0352fb8feabb40c82bc82d82d7ba247746b8-1180x724.jpg",
"width": 1180,
"mimeType": "image/jpeg",
"height": 724
},
"guest-author-50": {
"file": "https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/13/2017/10/scisource_custom-eefe0352fb8feabb40c82bc82d82d7ba247746b8-50x50.jpg",
"width": 50,
"mimeType": "image/jpeg",
"height": 50
},
"guest-author-96": {
"file": "https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/13/2017/10/scisource_custom-eefe0352fb8feabb40c82bc82d82d7ba247746b8-96x96.jpg",
"width": 96,
"mimeType": "image/jpeg",
"height": 96
},
"medium": {
"file": "https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/13/2017/10/scisource_custom-eefe0352fb8feabb40c82bc82d82d7ba247746b8-800x491.jpg",
"width": 800,
"mimeType": "image/jpeg",
"height": 491
},
"guest-author-64": {
"file": "https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/13/2017/10/scisource_custom-eefe0352fb8feabb40c82bc82d82d7ba247746b8-64x64.jpg",
"width": 64,
"mimeType": "image/jpeg",
"height": 64
},
"guest-author-32": {
"file": "https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/13/2017/10/scisource_custom-eefe0352fb8feabb40c82bc82d82d7ba247746b8-32x32.jpg",
"width": 32,
"mimeType": "image/jpeg",
"height": 32
},
"fd-lrg": {
"file": "https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/13/2017/10/scisource_custom-eefe0352fb8feabb40c82bc82d82d7ba247746b8-1920x1178.jpg",
"width": 1920,
"mimeType": "image/jpeg",
"height": 1178
},
"fd-med": {
"file": "https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/13/2017/10/scisource_custom-eefe0352fb8feabb40c82bc82d82d7ba247746b8-1180x724.jpg",
"width": 1180,
"mimeType": "image/jpeg",
"height": 724
},
"full-width": {
"file": "https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/13/2017/10/scisource_custom-eefe0352fb8feabb40c82bc82d82d7ba247746b8-1920x1178.jpg",
"width": 1920,
"mimeType": "image/jpeg",
"height": 1178
},
"detail": {
"file": "https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/13/2017/10/scisource_custom-eefe0352fb8feabb40c82bc82d82d7ba247746b8-150x150.jpg",
"width": 150,
"mimeType": "image/jpeg",
"height": 150
},
"medium_large": {
"file": "https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/13/2017/10/scisource_custom-eefe0352fb8feabb40c82bc82d82d7ba247746b8-768x471.jpg",
"width": 768,
"mimeType": "image/jpeg",
"height": 471
},
"guest-author-128": {
"file": "https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/13/2017/10/scisource_custom-eefe0352fb8feabb40c82bc82d82d7ba247746b8-128x128.jpg",
"width": 128,
"mimeType": "image/jpeg",
"height": 128
},
"xxsmall": {
"file": "https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/13/2017/10/scisource_custom-eefe0352fb8feabb40c82bc82d82d7ba247746b8-240x147.jpg",
"width": 240,
"mimeType": "image/jpeg",
"height": 147
}
},
"publishDate": 1507833388,
"modified": 1508863802,
"caption": null,
"description": "Alzheimer's disease causes atrophy of brain tissue. The discovery that lymph vessels near the brain's surface help remove waste suggests glitches in the lymph system might be involved in Alzheimer's and a variety of other brain diseases.",
"title": "Alzheimer's disease causes atrophy of brain tissue. The discovery that lymph vessels near the brain's surface help remove waste suggests glitches in the lymph system might be involved in Alzheimer's and a variety of other brain diseases.",
"credit": "Alfred Pasieka/Science Source",
"status": "inherit",
"isLoading": false,
"fetchFailed": false
},
"futureofyou_435640": {
"type": "attachments",
"id": "futureofyou_435640",
"meta": {
"index": "attachments_1716263798",
"site": "futureofyou",
"id": "435640",
"found": true
},
"parent": 435638,
"imgSizes": {
"small": {
"file": "https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/13/2017/09/iStock-594036552-520x434.jpg",
"width": 520,
"mimeType": "image/jpeg",
"height": 434
},
"twentyfourteen-full-width": {
"file": "https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/13/2017/09/iStock-594036552-1038x576.jpg",
"width": 1038,
"mimeType": "image/jpeg",
"height": 576
},
"thumbnail": {
"file": "https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/13/2017/09/iStock-594036552-160x134.jpg",
"width": 160,
"mimeType": "image/jpeg",
"height": 134
},
"fd-sm": {
"file": "https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/13/2017/09/iStock-594036552-960x801.jpg",
"width": 960,
"mimeType": "image/jpeg",
"height": 801
},
"post-thumbnail": {
"file": "https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/13/2017/09/iStock-594036552-672x372.jpg",
"width": 672,
"mimeType": "image/jpeg",
"height": 372
},
"xsmall": {
"file": "https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/13/2017/09/iStock-594036552-375x313.jpg",
"width": 375,
"mimeType": "image/jpeg",
"height": 313
},
"kqedFullSize": {
"file": "https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/13/2017/09/iStock-594036552.jpg",
"width": 1895,
"height": 1582
},
"large": {
"file": "https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/13/2017/09/iStock-594036552-1020x852.jpg",
"width": 1020,
"mimeType": "image/jpeg",
"height": 852
},
"xlarge": {
"file": "https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/13/2017/09/iStock-594036552-1180x985.jpg",
"width": 1180,
"mimeType": "image/jpeg",
"height": 985
},
"guest-author-50": {
"file": "https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/13/2017/09/iStock-594036552-50x50.jpg",
"width": 50,
"mimeType": "image/jpeg",
"height": 50
},
"guest-author-96": {
"file": "https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/13/2017/09/iStock-594036552-96x96.jpg",
"width": 96,
"mimeType": "image/jpeg",
"height": 96
},
"medium": {
"file": "https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/13/2017/09/iStock-594036552-800x668.jpg",
"width": 800,
"mimeType": "image/jpeg",
"height": 668
},
"guest-author-64": {
"file": "https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/13/2017/09/iStock-594036552-64x64.jpg",
"width": 64,
"mimeType": "image/jpeg",
"height": 64
},
"guest-author-32": {
"file": "https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/13/2017/09/iStock-594036552-32x32.jpg",
"width": 32,
"mimeType": "image/jpeg",
"height": 32
},
"fd-med": {
"file": "https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/13/2017/09/iStock-594036552-1180x985.jpg",
"width": 1180,
"mimeType": "image/jpeg",
"height": 985
},
"detail": {
"file": "https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/13/2017/09/iStock-594036552-150x150.jpg",
"width": 150,
"mimeType": "image/jpeg",
"height": 150
},
"medium_large": {
"file": "https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/13/2017/09/iStock-594036552-768x641.jpg",
"width": 768,
"mimeType": "image/jpeg",
"height": 641
},
"guest-author-128": {
"file": "https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/13/2017/09/iStock-594036552-128x128.jpg",
"width": 128,
"mimeType": "image/jpeg",
"height": 128
},
"xxsmall": {
"file": "https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/13/2017/09/iStock-594036552-240x200.jpg",
"width": 240,
"mimeType": "image/jpeg",
"height": 200
}
},
"publishDate": 1506451938,
"modified": 1506452041,
"caption": "A man is showing his first signs of consciousness, 15 years after a car crash, thanks to vagus nerve stimulation. A man is showing his first signs of consciousness, 15 years after a car crash, thanks to vagus nerve stimulation.",
"description": null,
"title": "Brain x-ray scan , Medically accurate 3D illustration",
"credit": "\u003ca class=\"photographer\" href=\"http://www.istockphoto.com/portfolio/alex-mit?mediatype=photography\">alex-mit\u003c/a>/iStockphoto\u003c/p>",
"status": "inherit",
"isLoading": false,
"fetchFailed": false
},
"futureofyou_434764": {
"type": "attachments",
"id": "futureofyou_434764",
"meta": {
"index": "attachments_1716263798",
"site": "futureofyou",
"id": "434764",
"found": true
},
"parent": 434763,
"imgSizes": {
"small": {
"file": "https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/13/2017/08/gettyimages-176426057_wide-c6d79c47986bd46b88ffe656b1ca09afd3b7e7b3-520x292.jpg",
"width": 520,
"mimeType": "image/jpeg",
"height": 292
},
"twentyfourteen-full-width": {
"file": "https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/13/2017/08/gettyimages-176426057_wide-c6d79c47986bd46b88ffe656b1ca09afd3b7e7b3-1038x576.jpg",
"width": 1038,
"mimeType": "image/jpeg",
"height": 576
},
"thumbnail": {
"file": "https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/13/2017/08/gettyimages-176426057_wide-c6d79c47986bd46b88ffe656b1ca09afd3b7e7b3-160x90.jpg",
"width": 160,
"mimeType": "image/jpeg",
"height": 90
},
"fd-sm": {
"file": "https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/13/2017/08/gettyimages-176426057_wide-c6d79c47986bd46b88ffe656b1ca09afd3b7e7b3-960x540.jpg",
"width": 960,
"mimeType": "image/jpeg",
"height": 540
},
"post-thumbnail": {
"file": "https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/13/2017/08/gettyimages-176426057_wide-c6d79c47986bd46b88ffe656b1ca09afd3b7e7b3-672x372.jpg",
"width": 672,
"mimeType": "image/jpeg",
"height": 372
},
"xsmall": {
"file": "https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/13/2017/08/gettyimages-176426057_wide-c6d79c47986bd46b88ffe656b1ca09afd3b7e7b3-375x211.jpg",
"width": 375,
"mimeType": "image/jpeg",
"height": 211
},
"kqedFullSize": {
"file": "https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/13/2017/08/gettyimages-176426057_wide-c6d79c47986bd46b88ffe656b1ca09afd3b7e7b3.jpg",
"width": 1999,
"height": 1124
},
"large": {
"file": "https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/13/2017/08/gettyimages-176426057_wide-c6d79c47986bd46b88ffe656b1ca09afd3b7e7b3-1020x574.jpg",
"width": 1020,
"mimeType": "image/jpeg",
"height": 574
},
"xlarge": {
"file": "https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/13/2017/08/gettyimages-176426057_wide-c6d79c47986bd46b88ffe656b1ca09afd3b7e7b3-1180x663.jpg",
"width": 1180,
"mimeType": "image/jpeg",
"height": 663
},
"guest-author-50": {
"file": "https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/13/2017/08/gettyimages-176426057_wide-c6d79c47986bd46b88ffe656b1ca09afd3b7e7b3-50x50.jpg",
"width": 50,
"mimeType": "image/jpeg",
"height": 50
},
"guest-author-96": {
"file": "https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/13/2017/08/gettyimages-176426057_wide-c6d79c47986bd46b88ffe656b1ca09afd3b7e7b3-96x96.jpg",
"width": 96,
"mimeType": "image/jpeg",
"height": 96
},
"medium": {
"file": "https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/13/2017/08/gettyimages-176426057_wide-c6d79c47986bd46b88ffe656b1ca09afd3b7e7b3-800x450.jpg",
"width": 800,
"mimeType": "image/jpeg",
"height": 450
},
"guest-author-64": {
"file": "https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/13/2017/08/gettyimages-176426057_wide-c6d79c47986bd46b88ffe656b1ca09afd3b7e7b3-64x64.jpg",
"width": 64,
"mimeType": "image/jpeg",
"height": 64
},
"guest-author-32": {
"file": "https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/13/2017/08/gettyimages-176426057_wide-c6d79c47986bd46b88ffe656b1ca09afd3b7e7b3-32x32.jpg",
"width": 32,
"mimeType": "image/jpeg",
"height": 32
},
"fd-lrg": {
"file": "https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/13/2017/08/gettyimages-176426057_wide-c6d79c47986bd46b88ffe656b1ca09afd3b7e7b3-1920x1080.jpg",
"width": 1920,
"mimeType": "image/jpeg",
"height": 1080
},
"fd-med": {
"file": "https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/13/2017/08/gettyimages-176426057_wide-c6d79c47986bd46b88ffe656b1ca09afd3b7e7b3-1180x663.jpg",
"width": 1180,
"mimeType": "image/jpeg",
"height": 663
},
"full-width": {
"file": "https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/13/2017/08/gettyimages-176426057_wide-c6d79c47986bd46b88ffe656b1ca09afd3b7e7b3-1920x1080.jpg",
"width": 1920,
"mimeType": "image/jpeg",
"height": 1080
},
"detail": {
"file": "https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/13/2017/08/gettyimages-176426057_wide-c6d79c47986bd46b88ffe656b1ca09afd3b7e7b3-150x150.jpg",
"width": 150,
"mimeType": "image/jpeg",
"height": 150
},
"medium_large": {
"file": "https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/13/2017/08/gettyimages-176426057_wide-c6d79c47986bd46b88ffe656b1ca09afd3b7e7b3-768x432.jpg",
"width": 768,
"mimeType": "image/jpeg",
"height": 432
},
"guest-author-128": {
"file": "https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/13/2017/08/gettyimages-176426057_wide-c6d79c47986bd46b88ffe656b1ca09afd3b7e7b3-128x128.jpg",
"width": 128,
"mimeType": "image/jpeg",
"height": 128
},
"xxsmall": {
"file": "https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/13/2017/08/gettyimages-176426057_wide-c6d79c47986bd46b88ffe656b1ca09afd3b7e7b3-240x135.jpg",
"width": 240,
"mimeType": "image/jpeg",
"height": 135
}
},
"publishDate": 1502302990,
"modified": 1502302990,
"caption": null,
"description": "Scientists are still trying to figure out how playing video games affects the brain.",
"title": "Scientists are still trying to figure out how playing video games affects the brain.",
"credit": null,
"status": "inherit",
"isLoading": false,
"fetchFailed": false
},
"futureofyou_415174": {
"type": "attachments",
"id": "futureofyou_415174",
"meta": {
"index": "attachments_1716263798",
"site": "futureofyou",
"id": "415174",
"found": true
},
"parent": 415148,
"imgSizes": {
"small": {
"file": "https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/13/2017/06/iStock-623601424-1-520x505.jpg",
"width": 520,
"mimeType": "image/jpeg",
"height": 505
},
"twentyfourteen-full-width": {
"file": "https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/13/2017/06/iStock-623601424-1-1038x576.jpg",
"width": 1038,
"mimeType": "image/jpeg",
"height": 576
},
"thumbnail": {
"file": "https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/13/2017/06/iStock-623601424-1-160x155.jpg",
"width": 160,
"mimeType": "image/jpeg",
"height": 155
},
"fd-sm": {
"file": "https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/13/2017/06/iStock-623601424-1-960x932.jpg",
"width": 960,
"mimeType": "image/jpeg",
"height": 932
},
"post-thumbnail": {
"file": "https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/13/2017/06/iStock-623601424-1-672x372.jpg",
"width": 672,
"mimeType": "image/jpeg",
"height": 372
},
"xsmall": {
"file": "https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/13/2017/06/iStock-623601424-1-375x364.jpg",
"width": 375,
"mimeType": "image/jpeg",
"height": 364
},
"kqedFullSize": {
"file": "https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/13/2017/06/iStock-623601424-1.jpg",
"width": 1981,
"height": 1923
},
"large": {
"file": "https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/13/2017/06/iStock-623601424-1-1020x990.jpg",
"width": 1020,
"mimeType": "image/jpeg",
"height": 990
},
"xlarge": {
"file": "https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/13/2017/06/iStock-623601424-1-1180x1145.jpg",
"width": 1180,
"mimeType": "image/jpeg",
"height": 1145
},
"guest-author-50": {
"file": "https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/13/2017/06/iStock-623601424-1-50x50.jpg",
"width": 50,
"mimeType": "image/jpeg",
"height": 50
},
"guest-author-96": {
"file": "https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/13/2017/06/iStock-623601424-1-96x96.jpg",
"width": 96,
"mimeType": "image/jpeg",
"height": 96
},
"medium": {
"file": "https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/13/2017/06/iStock-623601424-1-800x777.jpg",
"width": 800,
"mimeType": "image/jpeg",
"height": 777
},
"guest-author-64": {
"file": "https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/13/2017/06/iStock-623601424-1-64x64.jpg",
"width": 64,
"mimeType": "image/jpeg",
"height": 64
},
"guest-author-32": {
"file": "https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/13/2017/06/iStock-623601424-1-32x32.jpg",
"width": 32,
"mimeType": "image/jpeg",
"height": 32
},
"fd-lrg": {
"file": "https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/13/2017/06/iStock-623601424-1-1920x1864.jpg",
"width": 1920,
"mimeType": "image/jpeg",
"height": 1864
},
"fd-med": {
"file": "https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/13/2017/06/iStock-623601424-1-1180x1145.jpg",
"width": 1180,
"mimeType": "image/jpeg",
"height": 1145
},
"full-width": {
"file": "https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/13/2017/06/iStock-623601424-1-1920x1864.jpg",
"width": 1920,
"mimeType": "image/jpeg",
"height": 1864
},
"detail": {
"file": "https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/13/2017/06/iStock-623601424-1-150x150.jpg",
"width": 150,
"mimeType": "image/jpeg",
"height": 150
},
"medium_large": {
"file": "https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/13/2017/06/iStock-623601424-1-768x746.jpg",
"width": 768,
"mimeType": "image/jpeg",
"height": 746
},
"guest-author-128": {
"file": "https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/13/2017/06/iStock-623601424-1-128x128.jpg",
"width": 128,
"mimeType": "image/jpeg",
"height": 128
},
"xxsmall": {
"file": "https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/13/2017/06/iStock-623601424-1-240x233.jpg",
"width": 240,
"mimeType": "image/jpeg",
"height": 233
}
},
"publishDate": 1498249193,
"modified": 1498613101,
"caption": "You needn't be controlled by your emotions, says Lisa Feldman Barrett, a distinguished professor of psychology at Northeastern University. Cultivating new experiences of emotional situations can seed your brain to have more control in the future.",
"description": null,
"title": "iStock-623601424-1",
"credit": "iStock",
"status": "inherit",
"isLoading": false,
"fetchFailed": false
},
"futureofyou_262413": {
"type": "attachments",
"id": "futureofyou_262413",
"meta": {
"index": "attachments_1716263798",
"site": "futureofyou",
"id": "262413",
"found": true
},
"parent": 262412,
"imgSizes": {
"twentyfourteen-full-width": {
"file": "https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/13/2016/10/Multitask-1038x576.jpg",
"width": 1038,
"mimeType": "image/jpeg",
"height": 576
},
"thumbnail": {
"file": "https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/13/2016/10/Multitask-400x267.jpg",
"width": 400,
"mimeType": "image/jpeg",
"height": 267
},
"fd-sm": {
"file": "https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/13/2016/10/Multitask-960x640.jpg",
"width": 960,
"mimeType": "image/jpeg",
"height": 640
},
"post-thumbnail": {
"file": "https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/13/2016/10/Multitask-672x372.jpg",
"width": 672,
"mimeType": "image/jpeg",
"height": 372
},
"kqedFullSize": {
"file": "https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/13/2016/10/Multitask.jpg",
"width": 1920,
"height": 1280
},
"large": {
"file": "https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/13/2016/10/Multitask-1180x787.jpg",
"width": 1180,
"mimeType": "image/jpeg",
"height": 787
},
"guest-author-50": {
"file": "https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/13/2016/10/Multitask-50x50.jpg",
"width": 50,
"mimeType": "image/jpeg",
"height": 50
},
"guest-author-96": {
"file": "https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/13/2016/10/Multitask-96x96.jpg",
"width": 96,
"mimeType": "image/jpeg",
"height": 96
},
"medium": {
"file": "https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/13/2016/10/Multitask-800x533.jpg",
"width": 800,
"mimeType": "image/jpeg",
"height": 533
},
"guest-author-64": {
"file": "https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/13/2016/10/Multitask-64x64.jpg",
"width": 64,
"mimeType": "image/jpeg",
"height": 64
},
"guest-author-32": {
"file": "https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/13/2016/10/Multitask-32x32.jpg",
"width": 32,
"mimeType": "image/jpeg",
"height": 32
},
"fd-lrg": {
"file": "https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/13/2016/10/Multitask-1920x1280.jpg",
"width": 1920,
"mimeType": "image/jpeg",
"height": 1280
},
"fd-med": {
"file": "https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/13/2016/10/Multitask-1180x787.jpg",
"width": 1180,
"mimeType": "image/jpeg",
"height": 787
},
"detail": {
"file": "https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/13/2016/10/Multitask-150x150.jpg",
"width": 150,
"mimeType": "image/jpeg",
"height": 150
},
"medium_large": {
"file": "https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/13/2016/10/Multitask-768x512.jpg",
"width": 768,
"mimeType": "image/jpeg",
"height": 512
},
"guest-author-128": {
"file": "https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/13/2016/10/Multitask-128x128.jpg",
"width": 128,
"mimeType": "image/jpeg",
"height": 128
}
},
"publishDate": 1476372565,
"modified": 1476372622,
"caption": null,
"description": null,
"title": "Multitask",
"credit": "Teodros Hailye/KQED",
"status": "inherit",
"isLoading": false,
"fetchFailed": false
},
"futureofyou_266209": {
"type": "attachments",
"id": "futureofyou_266209",
"meta": {
"index": "attachments_1716263798",
"site": "futureofyou",
"id": "266209",
"found": true
},
"parent": 260662,
"imgSizes": {
"twentyfourteen-full-width": {
"file": "https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/13/2016/10/multitasker_101816_final-1038x576.png",
"width": 1038,
"mimeType": "image/png",
"height": 576
},
"thumbnail": {
"file": "https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/13/2016/10/multitasker_101816_final-400x400.png",
"width": 400,
"mimeType": "image/png",
"height": 400
},
"fd-sm": {
"file": "https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/13/2016/10/multitasker_101816_final-960x960.png",
"width": 960,
"mimeType": "image/png",
"height": 960
},
"post-thumbnail": {
"file": "https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/13/2016/10/multitasker_101816_final-672x372.png",
"width": 672,
"mimeType": "image/png",
"height": 372
},
"kqedFullSize": {
"file": "https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/13/2016/10/multitasker_101816_final-e1476893748138.png",
"width": 1920,
"height": 1920
},
"large": {
"file": "https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/13/2016/10/multitasker_101816_final-1180x1180.png",
"width": 1180,
"mimeType": "image/png",
"height": 1180
},
"guest-author-50": {
"file": "https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/13/2016/10/multitasker_101816_final-50x50.png",
"width": 50,
"mimeType": "image/png",
"height": 50
},
"guest-author-96": {
"file": "https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/13/2016/10/multitasker_101816_final-96x96.png",
"width": 96,
"mimeType": "image/png",
"height": 96
},
"medium": {
"file": "https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/13/2016/10/multitasker_101816_final-600x600.png",
"width": 600,
"mimeType": "image/png",
"height": 600
},
"guest-author-64": {
"file": "https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/13/2016/10/multitasker_101816_final-64x64.png",
"width": 64,
"mimeType": "image/png",
"height": 64
},
"guest-author-32": {
"file": "https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/13/2016/10/multitasker_101816_final-32x32.png",
"width": 32,
"mimeType": "image/png",
"height": 32
},
"fd-lrg": {
"file": "https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/13/2016/10/multitasker_101816_final-1920x1920.png",
"width": 1920,
"mimeType": "image/png",
"height": 1920
},
"fd-med": {
"file": "https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/13/2016/10/multitasker_101816_final-1180x1180.png",
"width": 1180,
"mimeType": "image/png",
"height": 1180
},
"detail": {
"file": "https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/13/2016/10/multitasker_101816_final-150x150.png",
"width": 150,
"mimeType": "image/png",
"height": 150
},
"medium_large": {
"file": "https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/13/2016/10/multitasker_101816_final-768x768.png",
"width": 768,
"mimeType": "image/png",
"height": 768
},
"guest-author-128": {
"file": "https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/13/2016/10/multitasker_101816_final-128x128.png",
"width": 128,
"mimeType": "image/png",
"height": 128
}
},
"publishDate": 1476893677,
"modified": 1476893777,
"caption": "The perils of multitasking",
"description": null,
"title": "multitasker_101816_final",
"credit": "Mark Fiore",
"status": "inherit",
"isLoading": false,
"fetchFailed": false
}
},
"audioPlayerReducer": {
"postId": "stream_live",
"isPaused": true,
"isPlaying": false,
"pfsActive": false,
"pledgeModalIsOpen": true,
"playerDrawerIsOpen": false,
"liveAudioPlayStartedAt": 0,
"liveAudioPlayContext": ""
},
"authorsReducer": {
"byline_futureofyou_440728": {
"type": "authors",
"id": "byline_futureofyou_440728",
"meta": {
"override": true
},
"slug": "byline_futureofyou_440728",
"name": "Jon Hamilton\u003cbr />NPR Shots",
"isLoading": false
},
"byline_futureofyou_440672": {
"type": "authors",
"id": "byline_futureofyou_440672",
"meta": {
"override": true
},
"slug": "byline_futureofyou_440672",
"name": "Meredith Rizzo\u003cbr />NPR Shots",
"isLoading": false
},
"byline_futureofyou_440231": {
"type": "authors",
"id": "byline_futureofyou_440231",
"meta": {
"override": true
},
"slug": "byline_futureofyou_440231",
"name": "Joe Palca\u003cbr />NPR All Tech Considered",
"isLoading": false
},
"byline_futureofyou_439938": {
"type": "authors",
"id": "byline_futureofyou_439938",
"meta": {
"override": true
},
"slug": "byline_futureofyou_439938",
"name": "Jon Hamilton\u003cbr />NPR Shots",
"isLoading": false
},
"byline_futureofyou_439750": {
"type": "authors",
"id": "byline_futureofyou_439750",
"meta": {
"override": true
},
"slug": "byline_futureofyou_439750",
"name": "Lauran Neergaard\u003cbr />The Associated Press",
"isLoading": false
},
"byline_futureofyou_439399": {
"type": "authors",
"id": "byline_futureofyou_439399",
"meta": {
"override": true
},
"slug": "byline_futureofyou_439399",
"name": "Menaka Wilhelm\u003cbr />NPR Shots",
"isLoading": false
},
"byline_futureofyou_436054": {
"type": "authors",
"id": "byline_futureofyou_436054",
"meta": {
"override": true
},
"slug": "byline_futureofyou_436054",
"name": "Jon Hamilton\u003cbr />NPR Shots",
"isLoading": false
},
"byline_futureofyou_435638": {
"type": "authors",
"id": "byline_futureofyou_435638",
"meta": {
"override": true
},
"slug": "byline_futureofyou_435638",
"name": "Fedor Kossakovski\u003c/br>PBS Newshour",
"isLoading": false
},
"byline_futureofyou_434763": {
"type": "authors",
"id": "byline_futureofyou_434763",
"meta": {
"override": true
},
"slug": "byline_futureofyou_434763",
"name": "Courtney Columbus\u003c/br>NPR",
"isLoading": false
},
"jscott": {
"type": "authors",
"id": "8664",
"meta": {
"index": "authors_1716337520",
"id": "8664",
"found": true
},
"name": "Julia Scott",
"firstName": "Julia",
"lastName": "Scott",
"slug": "jscott",
"email": "jscott@kqed.org",
"display_author_email": false,
"staff_mastheads": [],
"title": "KQED Contributor",
"bio": "Julia Scott is a former editor with KQED News. Prior to KQED, she was an editor with \u003cem>Crosscurrents\u003c/em> at KALW Radio in San Francisco. As a freelance reporter, she has filed stories for \u003cem>The California Report, Marketplace, Nautilus\u003c/em> and \u003cem>The New York Times Magazine.\u003c/em>\r\n\r\nPrior to her work in radio, Julia was an environmental reporter for the \u003cem>San Jose Mercury News\u003c/em> and Bay Area News Group, where her work was recognized with awards from the California Newspaper Publishers Association and the Society of Professional Journalists. Her radio honors include awards and citations from the Sony Radio Academy Awards and the National Lesbian and Gay Journalists Association.\r\n\r\nJulia hails from Montreal, Canada and lives in Oakland. She is the editor of the humor collection\u003cem> DRIVEL: Deliciously Bad Writing by Your Favorite Authors.\u003c/em>",
"avatar": "https://secure.gravatar.com/avatar/7fe25e0cf81dec2d4f74f1d4737a2871?s=600&d=blank&r=g",
"twitter": "juliascribe",
"facebook": null,
"instagram": null,
"linkedin": null,
"sites": [
{
"site": "",
"roles": [
"editor"
]
},
{
"site": "arts",
"roles": [
"administrator"
]
},
{
"site": "news",
"roles": [
"subscriber"
]
},
{
"site": "futureofyou",
"roles": [
"editor"
]
},
{
"site": "science",
"roles": [
"administrator"
]
}
],
"headData": {
"title": "Julia Scott | KQED",
"description": "KQED Contributor",
"ogImgSrc": "https://secure.gravatar.com/avatar/7fe25e0cf81dec2d4f74f1d4737a2871?s=600&d=blank&r=g",
"twImgSrc": "https://secure.gravatar.com/avatar/7fe25e0cf81dec2d4f74f1d4737a2871?s=600&d=blank&r=g"
},
"isLoading": false,
"link": "/author/jscott"
},
"lesleymcclurg": {
"type": "authors",
"id": "11229",
"meta": {
"index": "authors_1716337520",
"id": "11229",
"found": true
},
"name": "Lesley McClurg",
"firstName": "Lesley",
"lastName": "McClurg",
"slug": "lesleymcclurg",
"email": "lmcclurg@KQED.org",
"display_author_email": false,
"staff_mastheads": [],
"title": "KQED Health Correspondent",
"bio": "Lesley McClurg is a health correspondent and fill-in host whose work is regularly rebroadcast on NPR and PBS programs. She’s earned multiple regional Emmy awards, a national and a regional Edward R. Murrow award, and was named Best Beat Reporter by the Association of Health Care Journalists. The Society of Professional Journalists has recognized her work several times, and the Society of Environmental Journalists spotlighted her coverage of California’s historic drought.\r\n\r\nBefore joining KQED in 2016, Lesley covered food and sustainability for Capital Public Radio, environmental issues for Colorado Public Radio, and reported for KUOW and KCTS 9 in Seattle. Away from the newsroom, she loves skiing with her daughter, mountain biking with her partner, and playing with Ollie, the family’s goldendoodle. On deadline, she runs almost entirely on chocolate chips.\r\n\r\n ",
"avatar": "https://secure.gravatar.com/avatar/bab49e972ea10c774fe0f5e29dba1722b158f7c0d58a360923d1389d380b2978?s=600&d=blank&r=g",
"twitter": "lesleywmcclurg",
"bluesky": null,
"facebook": null,
"instagram": null,
"linkedin": null,
"sites": [
{
"site": "arts",
"roles": [
"subscriber"
]
},
{
"site": "news",
"roles": [
"subscriber"
]
},
{
"site": "futureofyou",
"roles": [
"subscriber"
]
},
{
"site": "stateofhealth",
"roles": [
"subscriber"
]
},
{
"site": "science",
"roles": [
"subscriber"
]
},
{
"site": "quest",
"roles": [
"subscriber"
]
},
{
"site": "forum",
"roles": [
"subscriber"
]
},
{
"site": "liveblog",
"roles": [
"subscriber"
]
}
],
"headData": {
"title": "Lesley McClurg | KQED",
"description": "KQED Health Correspondent",
"ogImgSrc": "https://secure.gravatar.com/avatar/bab49e972ea10c774fe0f5e29dba1722b158f7c0d58a360923d1389d380b2978?s=600&d=blank&r=g",
"twImgSrc": "https://secure.gravatar.com/avatar/bab49e972ea10c774fe0f5e29dba1722b158f7c0d58a360923d1389d380b2978?s=600&d=blank&r=g"
},
"isLoading": false,
"link": "/author/lesleymcclurg"
}
},
"pagesReducer": {
"futureofyou_tag_brain": {
"type": "terms",
"id": "futureofyou_56",
"meta": {
"index": "terms_1716263798",
"site": "futureofyou",
"id": "56",
"score": 8.940047
},
"featImg": null,
"name": "brain",
"description": null,
"taxonomy": "tag",
"headData": {
"twImgId": null,
"twTitle": null,
"ogTitle": null,
"ogImgId": null,
"twDescription": null,
"description": null,
"title": "brain Archives | KQED Arts",
"ogDescription": null
},
"ttid": 56,
"slug": "brain",
"isLoading": false,
"title": "brain",
"pageMeta": {
"site": "futureofyou",
"WpPageTemplate": "page-topic-editorial",
"currentPage": 3
},
"blocks": [
{
"blockName": "kqed/post-list",
"attrs": {
"layout": "cardArticle2",
"query": "posts/futureofyou?tag=brain",
"seeMore": false,
"paginated": true,
"page": 3
}
},
{
"blockName": "kqed/ad"
}
]
}
},
"pfsSessionReducer": {},
"postsReducer": {
"stream_live": {
"type": "live",
"id": "stream_live",
"audioUrl": "https://hls.kqed.org/hls/kqed_app/playlist.m3u8",
"title": "Live Stream",
"excerpt": "Live Stream information currently unavailable.",
"link": "/radio",
"featImg": "",
"label": {
"name": "KQED Live",
"link": "/"
}
},
"stream_kqedNewscast": {
"type": "posts",
"id": "stream_kqedNewscast",
"audioUrl": "https://www.kqed.org/.stream/anon/radio/RDnews/newscast.mp3?_=1",
"title": "KQED Newscast",
"featImg": "",
"label": {
"name": "88.5 FM",
"link": "/"
}
},
"futureofyou_440728": {
"type": "posts",
"id": "futureofyou_440728",
"meta": {
"index": "posts_1716263798",
"site": "futureofyou",
"id": "440728",
"score": null,
"sort": [
1523386836000
]
},
"parent": 0,
"labelTerm": {},
"blocks": [],
"publishDate": 1523386836,
"format": "standard",
"disqusTitle": "Scientists Push Plan To Change How Researchers Define Alzheimer's",
"title": "Scientists Push Plan To Change How Researchers Define Alzheimer's",
"headTitle": "KQED Future of You | KQED Science",
"content": "\u003cp>An international coalition of brain researchers is suggesting a new way of looking at Alzheimer's.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Instead of defining the disease through symptoms like memory problems or fuzzy thinking, the scientists want to focus on biological changes in the brain associated with Alzheimer's. These include the plaques and tangles that build up in the brains of people with the disease.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But they say the new approach is intended only for research studies, and isn't yet ready for use by most doctors who treat Alzheimer's patients.[contextly_sidebar id=\"Zc2PdHyXHi6M2lDV49kQiFVNaKeIPoB0\"]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>If the new approach is widely adopted, it would help researchers study patients whose brain function is still normal, but are likely to develop dementia caused by Alzheimer's.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"There is a stage of the disease where there are no symptoms and we need to have some sort of a marker,\" says \u003ca href=\"https://www.nia.nih.gov/research/blog/2016/09/meet-director-division-neuroscience\">Eliezer Masliah\u003c/a>, who directs the Division of Neuroscience at the National Institute on Aging.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The new approach would be a dramatic departure from the traditional way of looking at Alzheimer's, says \u003ca href=\"http://www.mayo.edu/research/faculty/jack-clifford-r-jr-m-d/bio-00026247\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Clifford Jack\u003c/a>, an Alzheimer's researcher at Mayo Clinic Rochester.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In the past, \"a person displayed a certain set of signs and symptoms and it was expected that they had Alzheimer's pathology,\" says Jack, who is the first author of the central paper describing the proposed new \"research framework.\"[contextly_sidebar id=\"cR0O5c7lGyXeCBcMlKvsHUcXDud9KX3K\"]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But researchers began to see the flaws in that approach when they took a close look at the brains of people receiving experimental drugs for the disease, Jack says. \"About 30 percent of people who met all the appropriate clinical criteria did not have Alzheimer's disease.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Their memory or thinking problems were being caused by something else.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>So researchers have been looking for more reliable ways of determining whether someone really has Alzheimer's. And they've focused on the two best-known brain changes associated with the disease.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"What we're seeing now is that Alzheimer's disease is defined by the presence of plaques and tangles in your brain,\" Jack says. And in this way of thinking, he says, \"symptoms become the result of the disease, not the definition of the disease.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Once it was virtually impossible to detect plaques and tangles in a living person. But over time, scientists have developed a number of ways to spot the abnormalities using special brain scans or tests of spinal fluid.[contextly_sidebar id=\"YZk4pmpKdzGmEy59QhebIBpZRwnapuqb\"]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>These tests for what are known as biomarkers of Alzheimer's are allowing scientists to do experiments that would have been impossible relying on symptoms alone. \"One could, let's say, start preventive treatment five years before the onset of the symptoms,\" Masliah says.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The new approach has detractors, who argue that it's not yet a reliable replacement for clinical symptoms in research. And proponents have responded to these complaints by including symptom measures in their proposal, and acknowledging that biomarkers are still in an early stage of development.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Proponents have also stressed that the biomarker approach is not yet the right tool for most doctors who treat Alzheimer's patients.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"It's a research framework meant to be tested, a tool for researchers, not for the doctor's office,\" says \u003ca href=\"https://www.alz.org/research/funding/advisory_council_alzheimers_association.asp\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Maria Carrillo\u003c/a>, chief scientific officer of the Alzheimer's Association.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But Carrillo hopes that when drugs to prevent Alzheimer's finally arrive, biomarker tests can show who should get them.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The proposal, and several commentaries supporting it, appears Tuesday in the April 2018 issue of \u003ca href=\"http://www.alzheimersanddementia.com/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">\u003cem>Alzheimer's & Dementia: The journal of the Alzheimer's Association\u003c/em>\u003c/a>\u003cem>.\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\u003cdiv class=\"fullattribution\">Copyright 2018 NPR. To see more, visit http://www.npr.org/.\u003cimg src=\"https://www.google-analytics.com/__utm.gif?utmac=UA-5828686-4&utmdt=Scientists+Push+Plan+To+Change+How+Researchers+Define+Alzheimer%27s+&utme=8(APIKey)9(MDAxOTAwOTE4MDEyMTkxMDAzNjczZDljZA004)\">\u003c/div>\n\n",
"disqusIdentifier": "440728 https://ww2.kqed.org/futureofyou/?p=440728",
"disqusUrl": "https://ww2.kqed.org/futureofyou/2018/04/10/scientists-push-plan-to-change-how-researchers-define-alzheimers/",
"stats": {
"hasVideo": false,
"hasChartOrMap": false,
"hasAudio": false,
"hasPolis": false,
"wordCount": 604,
"hasGoogleForm": false,
"hasGallery": false,
"hasHearkenModule": false,
"iframeSrcs": [],
"paragraphCount": 20
},
"modified": 1523383386,
"excerpt": "The new approach would be a dramatic departure from the traditional way of looking at Alzheimer's.",
"headData": {
"twImgId": "",
"twTitle": "",
"ogTitle": "",
"ogImgId": "",
"twDescription": "",
"description": "The new approach would be a dramatic departure from the traditional way of looking at Alzheimer's.",
"title": "Scientists Push Plan To Change How Researchers Define Alzheimer's | KQED",
"ogDescription": "",
"schema": {
"@context": "https://schema.org",
"@type": "Article",
"headline": "Scientists Push Plan To Change How Researchers Define Alzheimer's",
"datePublished": "2018-04-10T12:00:36-07:00",
"dateModified": "2018-04-10T11:03:06-07:00",
"image": "https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2020/02/KQED-OG-Image@1x.png"
}
},
"guestAuthors": [],
"slug": "scientists-push-plan-to-change-how-researchers-define-alzheimers",
"status": "publish",
"nprApiLink": "http://api.npr.org/query?id=600944750&apiKey=MDAxOTAwOTE4MDEyMTkxMDAzNjczZDljZA004",
"nprStoryDate": "Tue, 10 Apr 2018 05:04:00 -0400",
"nprLastModifiedDate": "Tue, 10 Apr 2018 05:50:56 -0400",
"nprHtmlLink": "https://www.npr.org/sections/health-shots/2018/04/10/600944750/scientists-push-plan-to-change-how-researchers-define-alzheimers?ft=nprml&f=600944750",
"nprAudio": "https://ondemand.npr.org/anon.npr-mp3/npr/me/2018/04/20180410_me_scientists_push_plan_to_change_how_researchers_define_alzheimers_.mp3?orgId=1&topicId=1128&d=174&p=3&story=600944750&ft=nprml&f=600944750",
"nprImageAgency": "Science Source",
"source": "Health",
"nprAudioM3u": "http://api.npr.org/m3u/1601072306-f70dc6.m3u?orgId=1&topicId=1128&d=174&p=3&story=600944750&ft=nprml&f=600944750",
"nprStoryId": "600944750",
"nprByline": "Jon Hamilton\u003cbr />NPR Shots",
"nprImageCredit": "Cecil Fox",
"nprRetrievedStory": "1",
"nprPubDate": "Tue, 10 Apr 2018 11:34:00 -0400",
"path": "/futureofyou/440728/scientists-push-plan-to-change-how-researchers-define-alzheimers",
"audioUrl": "https://ondemand.npr.org/anon.npr-mp3/npr/me/2018/04/20180410_me_scientists_push_plan_to_change_how_researchers_define_alzheimers_.mp3?orgId=1&topicId=1128&d=174&p=3&story=600944750&ft=nprml&f=600944750",
"audioTrackLength": null,
"parsedContent": [
{
"type": "contentString",
"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>An international coalition of brain researchers is suggesting a new way of looking at Alzheimer's.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Instead of defining the disease through symptoms like memory problems or fuzzy thinking, the scientists want to focus on biological changes in the brain associated with Alzheimer's. These include the plaques and tangles that build up in the brains of people with the disease.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But they say the new approach is intended only for research studies, and isn't yet ready for use by most doctors who treat Alzheimer's patients.\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>If the new approach is widely adopted, it would help researchers study patients whose brain function is still normal, but are likely to develop dementia caused by Alzheimer's.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"There is a stage of the disease where there are no symptoms and we need to have some sort of a marker,\" says \u003ca href=\"https://www.nia.nih.gov/research/blog/2016/09/meet-director-division-neuroscience\">Eliezer Masliah\u003c/a>, who directs the Division of Neuroscience at the National Institute on Aging.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
"attributes": {
"named": {},
"numeric": []
}
},
{
"type": "component",
"content": "",
"name": "ad",
"attributes": {
"named": {
"label": "fullwidth"
},
"numeric": [
"fullwidth"
]
}
},
{
"type": "contentString",
"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The new approach would be a dramatic departure from the traditional way of looking at Alzheimer's, says \u003ca href=\"http://www.mayo.edu/research/faculty/jack-clifford-r-jr-m-d/bio-00026247\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Clifford Jack\u003c/a>, an Alzheimer's researcher at Mayo Clinic Rochester.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In the past, \"a person displayed a certain set of signs and symptoms and it was expected that they had Alzheimer's pathology,\" says Jack, who is the first author of the central paper describing the proposed new \"research framework.\"\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But researchers began to see the flaws in that approach when they took a close look at the brains of people receiving experimental drugs for the disease, Jack says. \"About 30 percent of people who met all the appropriate clinical criteria did not have Alzheimer's disease.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Their memory or thinking problems were being caused by something else.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>So researchers have been looking for more reliable ways of determining whether someone really has Alzheimer's. And they've focused on the two best-known brain changes associated with the disease.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"What we're seeing now is that Alzheimer's disease is defined by the presence of plaques and tangles in your brain,\" Jack says. And in this way of thinking, he says, \"symptoms become the result of the disease, not the definition of the disease.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Once it was virtually impossible to detect plaques and tangles in a living person. But over time, scientists have developed a number of ways to spot the abnormalities using special brain scans or tests of spinal fluid.\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>These tests for what are known as biomarkers of Alzheimer's are allowing scientists to do experiments that would have been impossible relying on symptoms alone. \"One could, let's say, start preventive treatment five years before the onset of the symptoms,\" Masliah says.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The new approach has detractors, who argue that it's not yet a reliable replacement for clinical symptoms in research. And proponents have responded to these complaints by including symptom measures in their proposal, and acknowledging that biomarkers are still in an early stage of development.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Proponents have also stressed that the biomarker approach is not yet the right tool for most doctors who treat Alzheimer's patients.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"It's a research framework meant to be tested, a tool for researchers, not for the doctor's office,\" says \u003ca href=\"https://www.alz.org/research/funding/advisory_council_alzheimers_association.asp\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Maria Carrillo\u003c/a>, chief scientific officer of the Alzheimer's Association.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But Carrillo hopes that when drugs to prevent Alzheimer's finally arrive, biomarker tests can show who should get them.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The proposal, and several commentaries supporting it, appears Tuesday in the April 2018 issue of \u003ca href=\"http://www.alzheimersanddementia.com/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">\u003cem>Alzheimer's & Dementia: The journal of the Alzheimer's Association\u003c/em>\u003c/a>\u003cem>.\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\u003cdiv class=\"fullattribution\">Copyright 2018 NPR. To see more, visit http://www.npr.org/.\u003cimg src=\"https://www.google-analytics.com/__utm.gif?utmac=UA-5828686-4&utmdt=Scientists+Push+Plan+To+Change+How+Researchers+Define+Alzheimer%27s+&utme=8(APIKey)9(MDAxOTAwOTE4MDEyMTkxMDAzNjczZDljZA004)\">\u003c/div>\n\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>",
"attributes": {
"named": {},
"numeric": []
}
}
],
"link": "/futureofyou/440728/scientists-push-plan-to-change-how-researchers-define-alzheimers",
"authors": [
"byline_futureofyou_440728"
],
"categories": [
"futureofyou_452",
"futureofyou_1"
],
"tags": [
"futureofyou_999",
"futureofyou_56",
"futureofyou_1023",
"futureofyou_141",
"futureofyou_61",
"futureofyou_1056"
],
"featImg": "futureofyou_440729",
"label": "source_futureofyou_440728"
},
"futureofyou_440672": {
"type": "posts",
"id": "futureofyou_440672",
"meta": {
"index": "posts_1716263798",
"site": "futureofyou",
"id": "440672",
"score": null,
"sort": [
1523035067000
]
},
"parent": 0,
"labelTerm": {},
"blocks": [],
"publishDate": 1523035067,
"format": "aside",
"disqusTitle": "When Daydreaming Gets In The Way Of Real Life",
"title": "When Daydreaming Gets In The Way Of Real Life",
"headTitle": "KQED Future of You | KQED Science",
"content": "\u003cp>\u003ciframe width=\"640\" height=\"360\" src=\"https://www.youtube.com/embed/ckYSydGYKRU?feature=oembed\" frameborder=\"0\" allow=\"autoplay; encrypted-media\" allowfullscreen>\u003c/iframe>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>Welcome to \u003c/em>Invisibilia\u003cem> Season 4! The NPR program and \u003c/em>\u003ca href=\"http://www.npr.org/podcasts/510307/invisibilia\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">podcast\u003c/a>\u003cem> explores the invisible forces that shape human behavior, and we here at Shots are joining in to probe the science of why we act the way we do. In Episode 5, they're investigating how it feels to live \"in between,\" to be in two worlds at once. In the episode, and in the animation above, we meet M, a woman who worries that her intense daydreaming is interfering with her actual life.\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The story of M begins innocently enough. She was a girl who felt isolated and misunderstood, so she began spending hours at a time on the swings in her backyard, daydreaming.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>She imagined herself as many characters, blasting off to other planets, fighting crime and just generally saving the day. This made her feel loved, accepted, even understood.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[contextly_sidebar id=\"PN5qpfkUkdC6IDaS53jvI12s3Nkk5Y8D\"]M began to realize her daydreaming was not normal when her mother yelled at her and asked her why she was moving her lips. So she kept up her daydreaming in secret, hiding from friends at school, pretending to read a book, plugging in earphones to make it appear as if she was listening to music.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Then one day by chance, M met with a former classmate who drew her out. They fell in love, married and had a child, and for a while, the daydreams subsided.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But as life became more middle-class and mundane — dishwasher unloading, toothpaste in the sink — she found herself sneaking back into a world where she was the hero, the boss and every character in between.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[contextly_sidebar id=\"0rxdI3CFoOWSBss3ToB6u1S84tVyjhnE\"]M worries that she has a newly diagnosed condition known as \u003ca href=\"https://www.healthline.com/health/mental-health/maladaptive-daydreaming#complications\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">maladaptive daydreaming\u003c/a>. Now, it's not in the mental health bible, aka the \u003cem>Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders,\u003c/em> and doctors don't know what causes it. There's no official treatment, although \u003ca href=\"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19062309\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">one case study\u003c/a> suggests fluvoxamine, an OCD drug, may help control the daydreams.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Whatever maladaptive daydreaming is, it can have real effects on a person's daily life. People who say they have the condition report having trouble making friends or even leaving the house. M worries she is one of them. She carves out time to daydream away from her husband and son who know nothing of her secret life. In fact, she says she has never told anyone about it.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>M loves her never-ending story, yet she acknowledges her secret is isolating.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"As much as I hate the feeling of being torn and being in two places, I'm not ready to give up my daydreaming and I'm not ready to give up my characters and the feelings that those daydreams give me,\" she says.\u003c/p>\n\u003cdiv class=\"fullattribution\">Copyright 2018 NPR. To see more, visit http://www.npr.org/.\u003cimg src=\"https://www.google-analytics.com/__utm.gif?utmac=UA-5828686-4&utmdt=Invisibilia%3A+When+Daydreaming+Gets+In+The+Way+Of+Real+Life&utme=8(APIKey)9(MDAxOTAwOTE4MDEyMTkxMDAzNjczZDljZA004)\">\u003c/div>\n\n",
"disqusIdentifier": "440672 https://ww2.kqed.org/futureofyou/?p=440672",
"disqusUrl": "https://ww2.kqed.org/futureofyou/2018/04/06/when-daydreaming-gets-in-the-way-of-real-life/",
"stats": {
"hasVideo": true,
"hasChartOrMap": false,
"hasAudio": false,
"hasPolis": false,
"wordCount": 468,
"hasGoogleForm": false,
"hasGallery": false,
"hasHearkenModule": false,
"iframeSrcs": [],
"paragraphCount": 13
},
"modified": 1523035260,
"excerpt": "An inside look at 'maladaptive daydreaming,' a newly diagnosed condition that can disrupt actual life.",
"headData": {
"twImgId": "",
"twTitle": "",
"ogTitle": "",
"ogImgId": "",
"twDescription": "",
"description": "An inside look at 'maladaptive daydreaming,' a newly diagnosed condition that can disrupt actual life.",
"title": "When Daydreaming Gets In The Way Of Real Life | KQED",
"ogDescription": "",
"schema": {
"@context": "https://schema.org",
"@type": "Article",
"headline": "When Daydreaming Gets In The Way Of Real Life",
"datePublished": "2018-04-06T10:17:47-07:00",
"dateModified": "2018-04-06T10:21:00-07:00",
"image": "https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2020/02/KQED-OG-Image@1x.png"
}
},
"guestAuthors": [],
"slug": "when-daydreaming-gets-in-the-way-of-real-life",
"status": "publish",
"nprApiLink": "http://api.npr.org/query?id=598365217&apiKey=MDAxOTAwOTE4MDEyMTkxMDAzNjczZDljZA004",
"nprByline": "Meredith Rizzo\u003cbr />NPR Shots",
"nprStoryDate": "Thu, 05 Apr 2018 08:00:00 -0400",
"nprLastModifiedDate": "Fri, 06 Apr 2018 10:35:30 -0400",
"nprHtmlLink": "https://www.npr.org/sections/health-shots/2018/04/05/598365217/invisibilia-when-daydreaming-gets-in-the-way-of-real-life?ft=nprml&f=598365217",
"nprAudio": "https://ondemand.npr.org/anon.npr-mp3/npr/invsb/2018/04/20180405_invsb_in_between.mp3?orgId=1&topicId=1128&d=2924&story=598365217&ft=nprml&f=598365217",
"nprImageAgency": "Lily Padula for NPR",
"source": "Health",
"nprAudioM3u": "http://api.npr.org/m3u/1600120047-b0e1d6.m3u?orgId=1&topicId=1128&d=2924&story=598365217&ft=nprml&f=598365217",
"nprStoryId": "598365217",
"nprRetrievedStory": "1",
"nprPubDate": "Fri, 06 Apr 2018 10:35:00 -0400",
"path": "/futureofyou/440672/when-daydreaming-gets-in-the-way-of-real-life",
"audioUrl": "https://ondemand.npr.org/anon.npr-mp3/npr/invsb/2018/04/20180405_invsb_in_between.mp3?orgId=1&topicId=1128&d=2924&story=598365217&ft=nprml&f=598365217",
"audioTrackLength": null,
"parsedContent": [
{
"type": "contentString",
"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>\u003ciframe width=\"640\" height=\"360\" src=\"https://www.youtube.com/embed/ckYSydGYKRU?feature=oembed\" frameborder=\"0\" allow=\"autoplay; encrypted-media\" allowfullscreen>\u003c/iframe>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>Welcome to \u003c/em>Invisibilia\u003cem> Season 4! The NPR program and \u003c/em>\u003ca href=\"http://www.npr.org/podcasts/510307/invisibilia\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">podcast\u003c/a>\u003cem> explores the invisible forces that shape human behavior, and we here at Shots are joining in to probe the science of why we act the way we do. In Episode 5, they're investigating how it feels to live \"in between,\" to be in two worlds at once. In the episode, and in the animation above, we meet M, a woman who worries that her intense daydreaming is interfering with her actual life.\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The story of M begins innocently enough. She was a girl who felt isolated and misunderstood, so she began spending hours at a time on the swings in her backyard, daydreaming.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>She imagined herself as many characters, blasting off to other planets, fighting crime and just generally saving the day. This made her feel loved, accepted, even understood.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003cp>M began to realize her daydreaming was not normal when her mother yelled at her and asked her why she was moving her lips. So she kept up her daydreaming in secret, hiding from friends at school, pretending to read a book, plugging in earphones to make it appear as if she was listening to music.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
"attributes": {
"named": {},
"numeric": []
}
},
{
"type": "component",
"content": "",
"name": "ad",
"attributes": {
"named": {
"label": "fullwidth"
},
"numeric": [
"fullwidth"
]
}
},
{
"type": "contentString",
"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Then one day by chance, M met with a former classmate who drew her out. They fell in love, married and had a child, and for a while, the daydreams subsided.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But as life became more middle-class and mundane — dishwasher unloading, toothpaste in the sink — she found herself sneaking back into a world where she was the hero, the boss and every character in between.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003cp>M worries that she has a newly diagnosed condition known as \u003ca href=\"https://www.healthline.com/health/mental-health/maladaptive-daydreaming#complications\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">maladaptive daydreaming\u003c/a>. Now, it's not in the mental health bible, aka the \u003cem>Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders,\u003c/em> and doctors don't know what causes it. There's no official treatment, although \u003ca href=\"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19062309\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">one case study\u003c/a> suggests fluvoxamine, an OCD drug, may help control the daydreams.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Whatever maladaptive daydreaming is, it can have real effects on a person's daily life. People who say they have the condition report having trouble making friends or even leaving the house. M worries she is one of them. She carves out time to daydream away from her husband and son who know nothing of her secret life. In fact, she says she has never told anyone about it.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>M loves her never-ending story, yet she acknowledges her secret is isolating.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"As much as I hate the feeling of being torn and being in two places, I'm not ready to give up my daydreaming and I'm not ready to give up my characters and the feelings that those daydreams give me,\" she says.\u003c/p>\n\u003cdiv class=\"fullattribution\">Copyright 2018 NPR. To see more, visit http://www.npr.org/.\u003cimg src=\"https://www.google-analytics.com/__utm.gif?utmac=UA-5828686-4&utmdt=Invisibilia%3A+When+Daydreaming+Gets+In+The+Way+Of+Real+Life&utme=8(APIKey)9(MDAxOTAwOTE4MDEyMTkxMDAzNjczZDljZA004)\">\u003c/div>\n\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>",
"attributes": {
"named": {},
"numeric": []
}
}
],
"link": "/futureofyou/440672/when-daydreaming-gets-in-the-way-of-real-life",
"authors": [
"byline_futureofyou_440672"
],
"categories": [
"futureofyou_1060",
"futureofyou_1"
],
"tags": [
"futureofyou_56",
"futureofyou_61",
"futureofyou_204",
"futureofyou_1224"
],
"collections": [
"futureofyou_1093"
],
"featImg": "futureofyou_440673",
"label": "source_futureofyou_440672"
},
"futureofyou_440231": {
"type": "posts",
"id": "futureofyou_440231",
"meta": {
"index": "posts_1716263798",
"site": "futureofyou",
"id": "440231",
"score": null,
"sort": [
1521225109000
]
},
"parent": 0,
"labelTerm": {},
"blocks": [],
"publishDate": 1521225109,
"format": "standard",
"disqusTitle": "Can Computers Learn Like Humans?",
"title": "Can Computers Learn Like Humans?",
"headTitle": "KQED Future of You | KQED Science",
"content": "\u003cp>The world of artificial intelligence has exploded in recent years. Computers armed with AI do everything from drive cars to pick movies you'll probably like. Some have warned we're putting too much trust in computers that appear to do wondrous things.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But what exactly do people mean when they talk about artificial intelligence?\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>It's hard to find a universally accepted \u003ca href=\"https://ai100.stanford.edu/2016-report/section-i-what-artificial-intelligence/defining-ai\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">definition\u003c/a> of artificial intelligence. Basically it's about getting a computer to be smart — getting it to do something that in the past only humans could do.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>One key to artificial intelligence is machine learning. Instead of telling a computer how to do something, you write a program that lets the computer figure out how to do something all on its own.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>For example, let's say you'd like a computer to be able to pick out one conversation in a crowded restaurant.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"This is a problem that's been around for a long time,\" says computer scientist John Hershey, now at Google. \"When people start to lose their hearing this is one of the first things to go — the ability to separate one voice from another.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Hershey says nobody knows how our brains are able to separate voices, so it's difficult to tell a computer how to do it. But when he worked at the \u003ca href=\"http://www.merl.com/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Mitsubishi Electric Research Laboratory\u003c/a> in Cambridge, Mass., Hershey and his colleague Jonathan Le Roux used a technique called deep learning that allowed a computer, over time, to learn how to separate voices.[contextly_sidebar id=\"aSSAepQzkEyDhphKPsyhusdnA5B9qugK\"]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"https://www.npr.org/sections/alltechconsidered/2014/02/20/280232074/deep-learning-teaching-computers-to-tell-things-apart\">Deep learning\u003c/a> is all the rage in AI these days. It works something like this. You give the computer some input, in this case, the sound of people talking. To the computer, this is at first just meaningless noise. But then you give the computer a transcript of what the people were saying.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Like a baby learning new words, the computer figures out what sounds go with what words.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Once it has practiced, and practiced, and practiced, it can apply what it has learned to voices it's never heard before.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Hershey invited me to send him voices to see if his program could separate them from each other. I sent him a 10-second clip of NPR's Kelly McEvers and Ari Shapiro speaking simultaneously.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Here's what I sent.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c!-- iframe plugin v.4.3 wordpress.org/plugins/iframe/ -->\u003cbr>\n\u003ciframe src=\"https://www.npr.org/player/embed/583321707/583325732\" width=\"100%\" height=\"290\" frameborder=\"0\" scrolling=\"no\" title=\"NPR embedded audio player\" class=\"iframe-class\">\u003c/iframe>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>And here's what the computer came up with.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c!-- iframe plugin v.4.3 wordpress.org/plugins/iframe/ -->\u003cbr>\n\u003ciframe src=\"https://www.npr.org/player/embed/583321707/583333152\" width=\"100%\" height=\"290\" frameborder=\"0\" scrolling=\"no\" title=\"NPR embedded audio player\" class=\"iframe-class\">\u003c/iframe>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In the separated recording you can clearly hear what Kelly is saying, but there's still a bit of Ari's voice in the background.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Hershey says the computer's flubs may be because Kelly's and Ari's voices are quite different from the voices used in the computer's training.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>And that's a problem, according to critics of the deep learning approach.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"You still need a lot of data to make this technique work,\" says New York University psychologist \u003ca href=\"http://www.psych.nyu.edu/gary/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Gary Marcus\u003c/a>, who works on artificial intelligence.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Deep learning in computers resembles how scientists think the human brain works. The brain is made up of about 100 billion or so neurons. Researchers say the connections among these neurons change as people learn a new task. Something similar is going on inside a computer.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But human brains learn a lot of stuff on their own. Marcus says for deep learning, you need a lot of data to train the computer.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"And sometimes you can't find that data,\" he says.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Marcus worries people may be too enthralled with this approach to see its limitations.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"One of the key questions right now is how risky is it if I make a crazy error?\" he says.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>So let's say the computer in a driver-less car sees someone wearing a T-shirt with a picture on it of a highway receding into the distance. It's just possible the computer would be misled that the road on the shirt was a real road.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"They make a mistake. They're not perfect. And the question is how much does that cost you?\" Marcus says.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>He notes that if you're using artificial intelligence to pick a song people might like, an error is hardly catastrophic. \"But if you made a pedestrian detector that's 99 percent correct that sounds good,\" he says, \"... then you do the math and think about how many people would die every day if you had a fleet of those cars and it's really not very good at all.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But computer scientist \u003ca href=\"http://www.astroteller.net/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Astro Teller\u003c/a> is more positive about what AI can do. He heads a Google spinoff company \u003ca href=\"https://x.company/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">called X\u003c/a>. First of all, he says, car-driving computers are already getting it right more than 99 percent of the time. He says even if they don't \u003cem>always\u003c/em> get it right, cars equipped with AI computers are likely to do way better than humans in unexpected situations.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But he also believes deep learning has its limits.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"Most people in the field of artificial intelligence are excited about deep learning, and the progress that it's making but I think very few of them think that it's going to be the whole nut,\" Teller says.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>He's convinced that researchers will come up with new AI techniques that will make computers much smarter than they are today.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"I don't think there are any inherent limits in the kinds of problems computers can solve,\" Teller says. \"And I hope that there aren't any limits.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Of course, having no limits poses its own set of interesting questions.\u003c/p>\n\u003chr>\n\u003cdiv class=\"fullattribution\">Copyright 2018 NPR. To see more, visit http://www.npr.org/.\u003cimg src=\"https://www.google-analytics.com/__utm.gif?utmac=UA-5828686-4&utmdt=Can+Computers+Learn+Like+Humans%3F&utme=8(APIKey)9(MDAxOTAwOTE4MDEyMTkxMDAzNjczZDljZA004)\">\u003c/div>\n\n",
"disqusIdentifier": "440231 https://ww2.kqed.org/futureofyou/?p=440231",
"disqusUrl": "https://ww2.kqed.org/futureofyou/2018/03/16/can-computers-learn-like-humans/",
"stats": {
"hasVideo": false,
"hasChartOrMap": false,
"hasAudio": false,
"hasPolis": false,
"wordCount": 932,
"hasGoogleForm": false,
"hasGallery": false,
"hasHearkenModule": false,
"iframeSrcs": [],
"paragraphCount": 35
},
"modified": 1521225363,
"excerpt": "What exactly is artificial intelligence? How does it work? What are its limits?",
"headData": {
"twImgId": "",
"twTitle": "",
"ogTitle": "",
"ogImgId": "",
"twDescription": "",
"description": "What exactly is artificial intelligence? How does it work? What are its limits?",
"title": "Can Computers Learn Like Humans? | KQED",
"ogDescription": "",
"schema": {
"@context": "https://schema.org",
"@type": "Article",
"headline": "Can Computers Learn Like Humans?",
"datePublished": "2018-03-16T11:31:49-07:00",
"dateModified": "2018-03-16T11:36:03-07:00",
"image": "https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2020/02/KQED-OG-Image@1x.png"
}
},
"guestAuthors": [],
"slug": "can-computers-learn-like-humans",
"status": "publish",
"nprApiLink": "http://api.npr.org/query?id=583321707&apiKey=MDAxOTAwOTE4MDEyMTkxMDAzNjczZDljZA004",
"nprByline": "Joe Palca\u003cbr />NPR All Tech Considered",
"nprStoryDate": "Mon, 05 Feb 2018 14:46:00 -0500",
"nprLastModifiedDate": "Mon, 19 Feb 2018 07:27:42 -0500",
"nprHtmlLink": "https://www.npr.org/sections/alltechconsidered/2018/02/05/583321707/can-computers-learn-like-humans?ft=nprml&f=583321707",
"nprAudio": "https://ondemand.npr.org/anon.npr-mp3/npr/atc/2018/02/20180205_atc_can_computers_learn_like_humans.mp3?orgId=1&topicId=1007&aggIds=156490415&d=289&p=2&story=583321707&ft=nprml&f=583321707",
"nprImageAgency": "Sam Rowe for NPR",
"source": "Your Brain On Tech",
"nprAudioM3u": "http://api.npr.org/m3u/1583461897-8f4ffb.m3u?orgId=1&topicId=1007&aggIds=156490415&d=289&p=2&story=583321707&ft=nprml&f=583321707",
"nprStoryId": "583321707",
"nprRetrievedStory": "1",
"nprPubDate": "Mon, 05 Feb 2018 21:56:00 -0500",
"path": "/futureofyou/440231/can-computers-learn-like-humans",
"audioUrl": "https://ondemand.npr.org/anon.npr-mp3/npr/atc/2018/02/20180205_atc_can_computers_learn_like_humans.mp3?orgId=1&topicId=1007&aggIds=156490415&d=289&p=2&story=583321707&ft=nprml&f=583321707",
"audioTrackLength": null,
"parsedContent": [
{
"type": "contentString",
"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>The world of artificial intelligence has exploded in recent years. Computers armed with AI do everything from drive cars to pick movies you'll probably like. Some have warned we're putting too much trust in computers that appear to do wondrous things.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But what exactly do people mean when they talk about artificial intelligence?\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>It's hard to find a universally accepted \u003ca href=\"https://ai100.stanford.edu/2016-report/section-i-what-artificial-intelligence/defining-ai\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">definition\u003c/a> of artificial intelligence. Basically it's about getting a computer to be smart — getting it to do something that in the past only humans could do.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>One key to artificial intelligence is machine learning. Instead of telling a computer how to do something, you write a program that lets the computer figure out how to do something all on its own.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>For example, let's say you'd like a computer to be able to pick out one conversation in a crowded restaurant.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
"attributes": {
"named": {},
"numeric": []
}
},
{
"type": "component",
"content": "",
"name": "ad",
"attributes": {
"named": {
"label": "fullwidth"
},
"numeric": [
"fullwidth"
]
}
},
{
"type": "contentString",
"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"This is a problem that's been around for a long time,\" says computer scientist John Hershey, now at Google. \"When people start to lose their hearing this is one of the first things to go — the ability to separate one voice from another.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Hershey says nobody knows how our brains are able to separate voices, so it's difficult to tell a computer how to do it. But when he worked at the \u003ca href=\"http://www.merl.com/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Mitsubishi Electric Research Laboratory\u003c/a> in Cambridge, Mass., Hershey and his colleague Jonathan Le Roux used a technique called deep learning that allowed a computer, over time, to learn how to separate voices.\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"https://www.npr.org/sections/alltechconsidered/2014/02/20/280232074/deep-learning-teaching-computers-to-tell-things-apart\">Deep learning\u003c/a> is all the rage in AI these days. It works something like this. You give the computer some input, in this case, the sound of people talking. To the computer, this is at first just meaningless noise. But then you give the computer a transcript of what the people were saying.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Like a baby learning new words, the computer figures out what sounds go with what words.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Once it has practiced, and practiced, and practiced, it can apply what it has learned to voices it's never heard before.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Hershey invited me to send him voices to see if his program could separate them from each other. I sent him a 10-second clip of NPR's Kelly McEvers and Ari Shapiro speaking simultaneously.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Here's what I sent.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c!-- iframe plugin v.4.3 wordpress.org/plugins/iframe/ -->\u003cbr>\n\u003ciframe src=\"https://www.npr.org/player/embed/583321707/583325732\" width=\"100%\" height=\"290\" frameborder=\"0\" scrolling=\"no\" title=\"NPR embedded audio player\" class=\"iframe-class\">\u003c/iframe>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>And here's what the computer came up with.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c!-- iframe plugin v.4.3 wordpress.org/plugins/iframe/ -->\u003cbr>\n\u003ciframe src=\"https://www.npr.org/player/embed/583321707/583333152\" width=\"100%\" height=\"290\" frameborder=\"0\" scrolling=\"no\" title=\"NPR embedded audio player\" class=\"iframe-class\">\u003c/iframe>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In the separated recording you can clearly hear what Kelly is saying, but there's still a bit of Ari's voice in the background.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Hershey says the computer's flubs may be because Kelly's and Ari's voices are quite different from the voices used in the computer's training.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>And that's a problem, according to critics of the deep learning approach.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"You still need a lot of data to make this technique work,\" says New York University psychologist \u003ca href=\"http://www.psych.nyu.edu/gary/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Gary Marcus\u003c/a>, who works on artificial intelligence.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Deep learning in computers resembles how scientists think the human brain works. The brain is made up of about 100 billion or so neurons. Researchers say the connections among these neurons change as people learn a new task. Something similar is going on inside a computer.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But human brains learn a lot of stuff on their own. Marcus says for deep learning, you need a lot of data to train the computer.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"And sometimes you can't find that data,\" he says.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Marcus worries people may be too enthralled with this approach to see its limitations.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"One of the key questions right now is how risky is it if I make a crazy error?\" he says.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>So let's say the computer in a driver-less car sees someone wearing a T-shirt with a picture on it of a highway receding into the distance. It's just possible the computer would be misled that the road on the shirt was a real road.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"They make a mistake. They're not perfect. And the question is how much does that cost you?\" Marcus says.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>He notes that if you're using artificial intelligence to pick a song people might like, an error is hardly catastrophic. \"But if you made a pedestrian detector that's 99 percent correct that sounds good,\" he says, \"... then you do the math and think about how many people would die every day if you had a fleet of those cars and it's really not very good at all.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But computer scientist \u003ca href=\"http://www.astroteller.net/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Astro Teller\u003c/a> is more positive about what AI can do. He heads a Google spinoff company \u003ca href=\"https://x.company/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">called X\u003c/a>. First of all, he says, car-driving computers are already getting it right more than 99 percent of the time. He says even if they don't \u003cem>always\u003c/em> get it right, cars equipped with AI computers are likely to do way better than humans in unexpected situations.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But he also believes deep learning has its limits.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"Most people in the field of artificial intelligence are excited about deep learning, and the progress that it's making but I think very few of them think that it's going to be the whole nut,\" Teller says.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>He's convinced that researchers will come up with new AI techniques that will make computers much smarter than they are today.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"I don't think there are any inherent limits in the kinds of problems computers can solve,\" Teller says. \"And I hope that there aren't any limits.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Of course, having no limits poses its own set of interesting questions.\u003c/p>\n\u003chr>\n\u003cdiv class=\"fullattribution\">Copyright 2018 NPR. To see more, visit http://www.npr.org/.\u003cimg src=\"https://www.google-analytics.com/__utm.gif?utmac=UA-5828686-4&utmdt=Can+Computers+Learn+Like+Humans%3F&utme=8(APIKey)9(MDAxOTAwOTE4MDEyMTkxMDAzNjczZDljZA004)\">\u003c/div>\n\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>",
"attributes": {
"named": {},
"numeric": []
}
}
],
"link": "/futureofyou/440231/can-computers-learn-like-humans",
"authors": [
"byline_futureofyou_440231"
],
"categories": [
"futureofyou_1062",
"futureofyou_1",
"futureofyou_1061"
],
"tags": [
"futureofyou_849",
"futureofyou_56",
"futureofyou_905",
"futureofyou_131"
],
"featImg": "futureofyou_440232",
"label": "source_futureofyou_440231"
},
"futureofyou_439938": {
"type": "posts",
"id": "futureofyou_439938",
"meta": {
"index": "posts_1716263798",
"site": "futureofyou",
"id": "439938",
"score": null,
"sort": [
1520029180000
]
},
"parent": 0,
"labelTerm": {
"site": "futureofyou"
},
"blocks": [],
"publishDate": 1520029180,
"format": "standard",
"disqusTitle": "Scientists Sip Beer, Discover Link Between Alzheimer's And Brain's Ancient Immune System",
"title": "Scientists Sip Beer, Discover Link Between Alzheimer's And Brain's Ancient Immune System",
"headTitle": "KQED Future of You | KQED Science",
"content": "\u003cp>Beer has fueled a lot of bad ideas. But on a Friday afternoon in 2007, it helped two Alzheimer's researchers come up with a really a good one.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Neuroscientists \u003ca href=\"http://www.massgeneral.org/neurology/researcher_profiles/moir_robert.aspx\">Robert Moir\u003c/a> and \u003ca href=\"http://www.massgeneral.org/neurology/researcher_profiles/tanzi_rudolph.aspx\">Rudolph Tanzi\u003c/a> were sipping Coronas in separate offices during \"attitude adjustment hour\" at Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard's largest teaching hospital. And, by chance, each scientist found himself wondering about an apparent link between Alzheimer's disease and the immune system.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Moir had been surfing through random scientific papers online — something he does for an hour or so on most Fridays. \"I cruise wherever my fancy takes me,\" he says.[contextly_sidebar id=\"7M1TEDtx5VpvYNAuLZ4fq7p1cSKlsEay\"]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>And on this day, he cruised to research on molecules known as antimicrobial peptides. They're part of the ancient immune system that's found in all forms of life and plays an important role in protecting the human brain.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>One way antimicrobial peptides protect us is by engulfing and neutralizing a germ or some other foreign invader. That gives newer parts of the immune system time to get mobilized.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>These peptides are \"extremely important,\" Moir says. \"They're not like legacies from an immune system we don't use anymore. If you don't have them, you're going to die in a couple of hours.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003caside class=\"pullquote alignright\">'What if those sticky plaques were actually an effort to protect the brain.'\u003c/aside>\n\u003cp>As Moir surfed through paper after paper, he realized that one of these ancient molecules, known as LL-37, looked a lot like a molecule closely associated with Alzheimer's. That molecule is called amyloid-beta and it forms the sticky plaques that tend to build up in the brains of people with dementia[contextly_sidebar id=\"IYHDaMptIPqJzYR9l5XweOSqbSXwwBlK\"]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>LL-37 and Amyloid-beta \"looked just like peas in a pod,\" Moir says.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>That was really surprising. Even more surprising, on that same Friday afternoon, Moir's colleague Tanzi had also noticed a connection between Alzheimer's and the ancient immune system, which scientists refer to as innate immunity.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Tanzi had been spending the same hour that Friday afternoon reviewing a list of genes he'd found that were somehow related to Alzheimer's. \"I was enjoying my first or second Corona,\" he says, \"and I noticed that many of the genes coming up were involved with innate immunity.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"I was like, well, what does that mean?\" Tanzi says. \"So I wandered into [Moir's] office, carrying my Corona in hand, and I said, 'What do you know about innate immunity in the brain?' \"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The two researchers decided to team up to figure out precisely how innate immunity figures into Alzheimer's. They later sketched out their research plan while sipping Bordeaux on the deck of Tanzi's house along the coast.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"We spent a lot of evenings out there making a dent in his very nice cellar,\" Moir says.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>The Brain's Immune System\u003c/strong>\u003cbr>\nThe two scientists began to discuss a wild idea. What if amyloid-beta was an integral part of the ancient immune system? What if those sticky plaques were actually an effort to protect the brain by encapsulating foreign invaders?\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Their idea was that the brain was producing amyloid for much the same reason an oyster forms a pearl — for self-defense. \"Maybe amyloid plaques are a brain pearl,\" Moir says, \"a way for our body to trap and permanently sequester these invading pathogens.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>That was a pretty radical idea. For decades, most scientists thought amyloid-beta was no more than a toxic waste product. \"In all those scenarios it's bad, bad, bad, bad, bad,\" Moir says.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But Moir and Tanzi suspected amyloid-beta was usually good — unless the brain started making too much. Then it could kill brain cells and lead to dementia.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>This hypothesis was not immediately embraced by other scientists, Tanzi says.\u003c/p>\n\u003caside class=\"pullquote alignright\">'It may be possible to interrupt the process before it causes Alzheimer's.'\u003c/aside>\n\u003cp>\"I had folks emailing me, ex-mentors — Nobel laureates — saying, 'Rudy have you lost your mind?' Luckily neither Rob nor I have a really good track record of listening to people.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>So. Tanzi and Moir set out to prove that amyloid really is part of the immune system. And they were lucky enough to have a funder, the \u003ca href=\"https://curealz.org/\">Cure Alzheimer's Fund\u003c/a>, that was willing to take a chance on their idea.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The effort took years. But in 2010, Moir, Tanzi, and their team \u003ca href=\"http://journals.plos.org/plosone/article?id=10.1371/journal.pone.0009505\">demonstrated\u003c/a> that amyloid is really good at killing viruses and bacteria in a test tube. And, in 2016, they \u003ca href=\"http://stm.sciencemag.org/content/8/340/340ra72\">showed\u003c/a> it did the same thing in worms and mice.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"It was very clear that amyloid protected against infection,\" Tanzi says. \"If a mouse had meningitis or encephalitis, [and] if that mouse was making amyloid it lived longer.\" In contrast, mice that did not produce amyloid died quickly from the infection.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cimg class=\" wp-image-93427 alignleft\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/futureofyou/wp-content/uploads/sites/13/2016/01/iStock_000060595932_Large-800x600.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"401\" height=\"301\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/13/2016/01/iStock_000060595932_Large-800x600.jpg 800w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/13/2016/01/iStock_000060595932_Large-400x300.jpg 400w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/13/2016/01/iStock_000060595932_Large-768x576.jpg 768w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/13/2016/01/iStock_000060595932_Large-1180x885.jpg 1180w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/13/2016/01/iStock_000060595932_Large-1920x1440.jpg 1920w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/13/2016/01/iStock_000060595932_Large-960x720.jpg 960w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 401px) 100vw, 401px\">Today, Tanzi and Moir's wild idea is no longer considered so wild. Lots of scientists are now \u003ca href=\"https://www.nature.com/articles/ng.3916\">studying\u003c/a> the ancient immune system's connection to Alzheimer's.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>And Tanzi says it's become clear that Alzheimer's involves a lot more than just plaques and tangles in the brain.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"Even though we really concentrate on these plaques and tangles in Alzheimer's disease, it looks like it's the brain's immune system — the very primitive immune system of the brain — that's gone awry,\" Tanzi says, \"and the plaques and tangles are a part of that system.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The question now is: What's causing the glitch in the ancient immune system?\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>One possibility is that it's overreacting to viruses and bacteria that get into the brain. Or, the system could be getting confused and attacking healthy cells — a lot like what happens in diseases like lupus or multiple sclerosis.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>If either idea holds up, it may be possible to interrupt the process before it causes Alzheimer's, Moir says. \"That's a pretty good outcome from a couple of Coronas 10 years ago.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cdiv class=\"fullattribution\">\u003cem>Copyright 2018 NPR. To see more, visit \u003ca href=\"http://www.npr.org/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">http://www.npr.org/\u003c/a>.\u003cimg src=\"https://www.google-analytics.com/__utm.gif?utmac=UA-5828686-4&utmdt=Scientists+Explore+Ties+Between+Alzheimer%27s+And+Brain%27s+Ancient+Immune+System&utme=8(APIKey)9(MDAxOTAwOTE4MDEyMTkxMDAzNjczZDljZA004)\">\u003c/em>\u003c/div>\n\n",
"disqusIdentifier": "439938 https://ww2.kqed.org/futureofyou/?p=439938",
"disqusUrl": "https://ww2.kqed.org/futureofyou/2018/03/02/scientists-sip-beer-discover-link-between-alzheimers-and-brains-ancient-immune-system/",
"stats": {
"hasVideo": false,
"hasChartOrMap": false,
"hasAudio": false,
"hasPolis": false,
"wordCount": 1008,
"hasGoogleForm": false,
"hasGallery": false,
"hasHearkenModule": false,
"iframeSrcs": [],
"paragraphCount": 30
},
"modified": 1520097160,
"excerpt": "Harvard researchers explain why they think Alzheimer's disease may be traced to an immunity glitch.",
"headData": {
"twImgId": "",
"twTitle": "",
"ogTitle": "",
"ogImgId": "",
"twDescription": "",
"description": "Harvard researchers explain why they think Alzheimer's disease may be traced to an immunity glitch.",
"title": "Scientists Sip Beer, Discover Link Between Alzheimer's And Brain's Ancient Immune System | KQED",
"ogDescription": "",
"schema": {
"@context": "https://schema.org",
"@type": "Article",
"headline": "Scientists Sip Beer, Discover Link Between Alzheimer's And Brain's Ancient Immune System",
"datePublished": "2018-03-02T14:19:40-08:00",
"dateModified": "2018-03-03T09:12:40-08:00",
"image": "https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2020/02/KQED-OG-Image@1x.png"
}
},
"guestAuthors": [],
"slug": "scientists-sip-beer-discover-link-between-alzheimers-and-brains-ancient-immune-system",
"status": "publish",
"nprApiLink": "http://api.npr.org/query?id=580475245&apiKey=MDAxOTAwOTE4MDEyMTkxMDAzNjczZDljZA004",
"nprByline": "Jon Hamilton\u003cbr />NPR Shots",
"nprStoryDate": "Sun, 18 Feb 2018 05:00:00 -0500",
"nprLastModifiedDate": "Tue, 20 Feb 2018 17:31:55 -0500",
"nprHtmlLink": "https://www.npr.org/sections/health-shots/2018/02/18/580475245/scientists-explore-ties-between-alzheimers-and-brains-ancient-immune-system?ft=nprml&f=580475245",
"nprImageAgency": "Science Source",
"nprImageCredit": "Martin M. Rotker",
"nprStoryId": "580475245",
"nprRetrievedStory": "1",
"nprPubDate": "Tue, 20 Feb 2018 17:31:00 -0500",
"path": "/futureofyou/439938/scientists-sip-beer-discover-link-between-alzheimers-and-brains-ancient-immune-system",
"audioTrackLength": null,
"parsedContent": [
{
"type": "contentString",
"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>Beer has fueled a lot of bad ideas. But on a Friday afternoon in 2007, it helped two Alzheimer's researchers come up with a really a good one.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Neuroscientists \u003ca href=\"http://www.massgeneral.org/neurology/researcher_profiles/moir_robert.aspx\">Robert Moir\u003c/a> and \u003ca href=\"http://www.massgeneral.org/neurology/researcher_profiles/tanzi_rudolph.aspx\">Rudolph Tanzi\u003c/a> were sipping Coronas in separate offices during \"attitude adjustment hour\" at Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard's largest teaching hospital. And, by chance, each scientist found himself wondering about an apparent link between Alzheimer's disease and the immune system.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Moir had been surfing through random scientific papers online — something he does for an hour or so on most Fridays. \"I cruise wherever my fancy takes me,\" he says.\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>And on this day, he cruised to research on molecules known as antimicrobial peptides. They're part of the ancient immune system that's found in all forms of life and plays an important role in protecting the human brain.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>One way antimicrobial peptides protect us is by engulfing and neutralizing a germ or some other foreign invader. That gives newer parts of the immune system time to get mobilized.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
"attributes": {
"named": {},
"numeric": []
}
},
{
"type": "component",
"content": "",
"name": "ad",
"attributes": {
"named": {
"label": "fullwidth"
},
"numeric": [
"fullwidth"
]
}
},
{
"type": "contentString",
"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>These peptides are \"extremely important,\" Moir says. \"They're not like legacies from an immune system we don't use anymore. If you don't have them, you're going to die in a couple of hours.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003caside class=\"pullquote alignright\">'What if those sticky plaques were actually an effort to protect the brain.'\u003c/aside>\n\u003cp>As Moir surfed through paper after paper, he realized that one of these ancient molecules, known as LL-37, looked a lot like a molecule closely associated with Alzheimer's. That molecule is called amyloid-beta and it forms the sticky plaques that tend to build up in the brains of people with dementia\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>LL-37 and Amyloid-beta \"looked just like peas in a pod,\" Moir says.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>That was really surprising. Even more surprising, on that same Friday afternoon, Moir's colleague Tanzi had also noticed a connection between Alzheimer's and the ancient immune system, which scientists refer to as innate immunity.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Tanzi had been spending the same hour that Friday afternoon reviewing a list of genes he'd found that were somehow related to Alzheimer's. \"I was enjoying my first or second Corona,\" he says, \"and I noticed that many of the genes coming up were involved with innate immunity.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"I was like, well, what does that mean?\" Tanzi says. \"So I wandered into [Moir's] office, carrying my Corona in hand, and I said, 'What do you know about innate immunity in the brain?' \"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The two researchers decided to team up to figure out precisely how innate immunity figures into Alzheimer's. They later sketched out their research plan while sipping Bordeaux on the deck of Tanzi's house along the coast.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"We spent a lot of evenings out there making a dent in his very nice cellar,\" Moir says.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>The Brain's Immune System\u003c/strong>\u003cbr>\nThe two scientists began to discuss a wild idea. What if amyloid-beta was an integral part of the ancient immune system? What if those sticky plaques were actually an effort to protect the brain by encapsulating foreign invaders?\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Their idea was that the brain was producing amyloid for much the same reason an oyster forms a pearl — for self-defense. \"Maybe amyloid plaques are a brain pearl,\" Moir says, \"a way for our body to trap and permanently sequester these invading pathogens.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>That was a pretty radical idea. For decades, most scientists thought amyloid-beta was no more than a toxic waste product. \"In all those scenarios it's bad, bad, bad, bad, bad,\" Moir says.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But Moir and Tanzi suspected amyloid-beta was usually good — unless the brain started making too much. Then it could kill brain cells and lead to dementia.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>This hypothesis was not immediately embraced by other scientists, Tanzi says.\u003c/p>\n\u003caside class=\"pullquote alignright\">'It may be possible to interrupt the process before it causes Alzheimer's.'\u003c/aside>\n\u003cp>\"I had folks emailing me, ex-mentors — Nobel laureates — saying, 'Rudy have you lost your mind?' Luckily neither Rob nor I have a really good track record of listening to people.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>So. Tanzi and Moir set out to prove that amyloid really is part of the immune system. And they were lucky enough to have a funder, the \u003ca href=\"https://curealz.org/\">Cure Alzheimer's Fund\u003c/a>, that was willing to take a chance on their idea.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The effort took years. But in 2010, Moir, Tanzi, and their team \u003ca href=\"http://journals.plos.org/plosone/article?id=10.1371/journal.pone.0009505\">demonstrated\u003c/a> that amyloid is really good at killing viruses and bacteria in a test tube. And, in 2016, they \u003ca href=\"http://stm.sciencemag.org/content/8/340/340ra72\">showed\u003c/a> it did the same thing in worms and mice.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"It was very clear that amyloid protected against infection,\" Tanzi says. \"If a mouse had meningitis or encephalitis, [and] if that mouse was making amyloid it lived longer.\" In contrast, mice that did not produce amyloid died quickly from the infection.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cimg class=\" wp-image-93427 alignleft\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/futureofyou/wp-content/uploads/sites/13/2016/01/iStock_000060595932_Large-800x600.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"401\" height=\"301\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/13/2016/01/iStock_000060595932_Large-800x600.jpg 800w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/13/2016/01/iStock_000060595932_Large-400x300.jpg 400w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/13/2016/01/iStock_000060595932_Large-768x576.jpg 768w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/13/2016/01/iStock_000060595932_Large-1180x885.jpg 1180w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/13/2016/01/iStock_000060595932_Large-1920x1440.jpg 1920w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/13/2016/01/iStock_000060595932_Large-960x720.jpg 960w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 401px) 100vw, 401px\">Today, Tanzi and Moir's wild idea is no longer considered so wild. Lots of scientists are now \u003ca href=\"https://www.nature.com/articles/ng.3916\">studying\u003c/a> the ancient immune system's connection to Alzheimer's.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>And Tanzi says it's become clear that Alzheimer's involves a lot more than just plaques and tangles in the brain.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"Even though we really concentrate on these plaques and tangles in Alzheimer's disease, it looks like it's the brain's immune system — the very primitive immune system of the brain — that's gone awry,\" Tanzi says, \"and the plaques and tangles are a part of that system.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The question now is: What's causing the glitch in the ancient immune system?\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>One possibility is that it's overreacting to viruses and bacteria that get into the brain. Or, the system could be getting confused and attacking healthy cells — a lot like what happens in diseases like lupus or multiple sclerosis.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>If either idea holds up, it may be possible to interrupt the process before it causes Alzheimer's, Moir says. \"That's a pretty good outcome from a couple of Coronas 10 years ago.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cdiv class=\"fullattribution\">\u003cem>Copyright 2018 NPR. To see more, visit \u003ca href=\"http://www.npr.org/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">http://www.npr.org/\u003c/a>.\u003cimg src=\"https://www.google-analytics.com/__utm.gif?utmac=UA-5828686-4&utmdt=Scientists+Explore+Ties+Between+Alzheimer%27s+And+Brain%27s+Ancient+Immune+System&utme=8(APIKey)9(MDAxOTAwOTE4MDEyMTkxMDAzNjczZDljZA004)\">\u003c/em>\u003c/div>\n\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>",
"attributes": {
"named": {},
"numeric": []
}
}
],
"link": "/futureofyou/439938/scientists-sip-beer-discover-link-between-alzheimers-and-brains-ancient-immune-system",
"authors": [
"byline_futureofyou_439938"
],
"categories": [
"futureofyou_1",
"futureofyou_73"
],
"tags": [
"futureofyou_532",
"futureofyou_999",
"futureofyou_56",
"futureofyou_141",
"futureofyou_426",
"futureofyou_61",
"futureofyou_327"
],
"featImg": "futureofyou_439939",
"label": "futureofyou"
},
"futureofyou_439750": {
"type": "posts",
"id": "futureofyou_439750",
"meta": {
"index": "posts_1716263798",
"site": "futureofyou",
"id": "439750",
"score": null,
"sort": [
1519426064000
]
},
"parent": 0,
"labelTerm": {
"site": "futureofyou",
"term": 1093
},
"blocks": [],
"publishDate": 1519426064,
"format": "standard",
"disqusTitle": "‘Superagers’ Maintain Memory Into 80s and 90s",
"title": "‘Superagers’ Maintain Memory Into 80s and 90s",
"headTitle": "KQED Future of You | KQED Science",
"content": "\u003cp>It's pretty extraordinary for people in their 80s and 90s to keep the same sharp memory as someone several decades younger, and now scientists are peeking into the brains of these \"superagers\" to uncover their secret.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The work is the flip side of the disappointing hunt for new drugs to fight or prevent Alzheimer's disease.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Instead, \"why don't we figure out what it is we might need to do to maximize our memory?\" said neuroscientist Emily Rogalski, who leads the SuperAging study at Northwestern University in Chicago.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Parts of the brain shrink with age, one of the reasons why most [contextly_sidebar id=\"G3H8QC9o82TylnWZAr296D2zVHqEWAob\"]people experience a gradual slowing of at least some types of memory late in life, even if they avoid diseases like Alzheimer's.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But it turns out that superagers' brains aren't shrinking nearly as fast as their peers'. And autopsies of the first superagers to die during the study show they harbor a lot more of a special kind of nerve cell in a deep brain region that's important for attention, Rogalski told a recent meeting of the American Association for the Advancement of Science.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>These elite elders are \"more than just an oddity or a rarity,\" said neuroscientist Molly Wagster of the National Institute on Aging, which helps fund the research. \"There's the potential for learning an enormous amount and applying it to the rest of us, and even to those who may be on a trajectory for some type of neurodegenerative disease.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>What does it take to be a superager? A youthful brain in the body of someone 80 or older. Rogalski's team has given a battery of tests to more than 1,000 people who thought they'd qualify, and only about 5 percent pass. The key \u003ca href=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/futureofyou/2018/02/07/a-tiny-pulse-of-electricity-to-the-brain-can-boost-memory/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">memory challenge\u003c/a>: Listen to 15 unrelated words, and a half-hour later recall at least nine. That's the norm for 50-year-olds, but the average 80-year-old recalls five. Some superagers remember them all.[contextly_sidebar id=\"CmEYEjCmwB2h2qN7hBJIIlooU2YvQ8dj\"]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"It doesn't mean you're any smarter,\" stressed superager William \"Bill\" Gurolnick, who turns 87 next month and joined the study two years ago.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Nor can he credit protective genes: Gurolnick's father developed Alzheimer's in his 50s. He thinks his own \u003ca href=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/perspectives/2018/02/12/the-memory-of-stuff/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">stellar memory\u003c/a> is bolstered by keeping busy. He bikes, and plays tennis and water volleyball. He stays social through regular lunches and meetings with a men's group he co-founded.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"Absolutely that's a critical factor about keeping your wits about you,\" exclaimed Gurolnick, fresh off his monthly gin game.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Brain Scans\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Rogalski's superagers tend to be extroverts and report strong social networks, but otherwise they come from all walks of life, making it hard to find a common trait \u003ca href=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/forum/2017/04/11/emotions-are-a-construct-of-the-brain-says-psychologist-lisa-feldman-barrett/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">for brain health\u003c/a>. Some went to college, some didn't. Some have high IQs, some are average. She's studied people who've experienced enormous trauma, including a Holocaust survivor; fitness buffs and smokers; teetotalers and those who tout a nightly martini.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But deep in their brains is where she's finding compelling hints that somehow, superagers are more resilient against the ravages of time.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Early on, brain scans showed that a superager's cortex — an outer brain layer critical for memory and other key functions — is much thicker than normal for their age. It looks more like the cortex of healthy 50- and 60-year-olds.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>It's not clear if they were born that way. But Rogalski's team found another possible explanation: A superager's cortex doesn't shrink as fast. Over 18 months, average 80-somethings experienced more than twice the rate of loss.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Another clue: Deeper in the brain, that attention region is larger in superagers, too. And inside, autopsies showed that brain region was packed with unusual large, spindly neurons — a special and little understood type called von Economo neurons thought to play a role in social processing and awareness.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The superagers had four to five times more of those neurons than the typical octogenarian, Rogalski said — more even than the average young adult.[contextly_sidebar id=\"AJFvjFXNb2dpYXWnAkrRzU9vWHQngSNl\"]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The Northwestern study isn't the only attempt at unraveling long-lasting memory. At the University of California, Irvine, Dr. Claudia Kawas studies the oldest-old, people 90 and above. Some have Alzheimer's. Some have maintained excellent memory and some are in between.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>About 40 percent of the oldest-old who showed no symptoms of dementia in life nonetheless have full-fledged signs of Alzheimer's disease\u003ca href=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/stateofhealth/2017/08/09/lag-in-brain-donation-hampers-understanding-of-dementia-in-blacks/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"> in their brains\u003c/a> at death, Kawas told the AAAS meeting.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Rogalski also found varying amounts of amyloid and tau, hallmark Alzheimer's proteins, in the brains of some superagers.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Now scientists are exploring how these people deflect damage. Maybe superagers have different pathways\u003ca href=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/futureofyou/2017/01/06/obesity-can-lead-to-memory-loss/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"> to brain health.\u003c/a>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"They are living long and living well,\" Rogalski said. \"Are there modifiable things we can think about today, in our everyday lives\" to do the same?\u003c/p>\n\n",
"disqusIdentifier": "439750 https://ww2.kqed.org/futureofyou/?p=439750",
"disqusUrl": "https://ww2.kqed.org/futureofyou/2018/02/23/superagers-maintain-memory-into-80s-and-90s/",
"stats": {
"hasVideo": false,
"hasChartOrMap": false,
"hasAudio": false,
"hasPolis": false,
"wordCount": 835,
"hasGoogleForm": false,
"hasGallery": false,
"hasHearkenModule": false,
"iframeSrcs": [],
"paragraphCount": 24
},
"modified": 1519426064,
"excerpt": "Scientists are peeking into the brains of \"superagers\" to uncover their secrets to sharp memory.",
"headData": {
"twImgId": "",
"twTitle": "",
"ogTitle": "",
"ogImgId": "",
"twDescription": "",
"description": "Scientists are peeking into the brains of "superagers" to uncover their secrets to sharp memory.",
"title": "‘Superagers’ Maintain Memory Into 80s and 90s | KQED",
"ogDescription": "",
"schema": {
"@context": "https://schema.org",
"@type": "Article",
"headline": "‘Superagers’ Maintain Memory Into 80s and 90s",
"datePublished": "2018-02-23T14:47:44-08:00",
"dateModified": "2018-02-23T14:47:44-08:00",
"image": "https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2020/02/KQED-OG-Image@1x.png"
}
},
"guestAuthors": [],
"slug": "superagers-maintain-memory-into-80s-and-90s",
"status": "publish",
"nprByline": "Lauran Neergaard\u003cbr />The Associated Press",
"path": "/futureofyou/439750/superagers-maintain-memory-into-80s-and-90s",
"audioTrackLength": null,
"parsedContent": [
{
"type": "contentString",
"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>It's pretty extraordinary for people in their 80s and 90s to keep the same sharp memory as someone several decades younger, and now scientists are peeking into the brains of these \"superagers\" to uncover their secret.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The work is the flip side of the disappointing hunt for new drugs to fight or prevent Alzheimer's disease.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Instead, \"why don't we figure out what it is we might need to do to maximize our memory?\" said neuroscientist Emily Rogalski, who leads the SuperAging study at Northwestern University in Chicago.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Parts of the brain shrink with age, one of the reasons why most \u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003cp>people experience a gradual slowing of at least some types of memory late in life, even if they avoid diseases like Alzheimer's.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But it turns out that superagers' brains aren't shrinking nearly as fast as their peers'. And autopsies of the first superagers to die during the study show they harbor a lot more of a special kind of nerve cell in a deep brain region that's important for attention, Rogalski told a recent meeting of the American Association for the Advancement of Science.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
"attributes": {
"named": {},
"numeric": []
}
},
{
"type": "component",
"content": "",
"name": "ad",
"attributes": {
"named": {
"label": "fullwidth"
},
"numeric": [
"fullwidth"
]
}
},
{
"type": "contentString",
"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>These elite elders are \"more than just an oddity or a rarity,\" said neuroscientist Molly Wagster of the National Institute on Aging, which helps fund the research. \"There's the potential for learning an enormous amount and applying it to the rest of us, and even to those who may be on a trajectory for some type of neurodegenerative disease.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>What does it take to be a superager? A youthful brain in the body of someone 80 or older. Rogalski's team has given a battery of tests to more than 1,000 people who thought they'd qualify, and only about 5 percent pass. The key \u003ca href=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/futureofyou/2018/02/07/a-tiny-pulse-of-electricity-to-the-brain-can-boost-memory/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">memory challenge\u003c/a>: Listen to 15 unrelated words, and a half-hour later recall at least nine. That's the norm for 50-year-olds, but the average 80-year-old recalls five. Some superagers remember them all.\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"It doesn't mean you're any smarter,\" stressed superager William \"Bill\" Gurolnick, who turns 87 next month and joined the study two years ago.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Nor can he credit protective genes: Gurolnick's father developed Alzheimer's in his 50s. He thinks his own \u003ca href=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/perspectives/2018/02/12/the-memory-of-stuff/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">stellar memory\u003c/a> is bolstered by keeping busy. He bikes, and plays tennis and water volleyball. He stays social through regular lunches and meetings with a men's group he co-founded.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"Absolutely that's a critical factor about keeping your wits about you,\" exclaimed Gurolnick, fresh off his monthly gin game.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Brain Scans\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Rogalski's superagers tend to be extroverts and report strong social networks, but otherwise they come from all walks of life, making it hard to find a common trait \u003ca href=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/forum/2017/04/11/emotions-are-a-construct-of-the-brain-says-psychologist-lisa-feldman-barrett/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">for brain health\u003c/a>. Some went to college, some didn't. Some have high IQs, some are average. She's studied people who've experienced enormous trauma, including a Holocaust survivor; fitness buffs and smokers; teetotalers and those who tout a nightly martini.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But deep in their brains is where she's finding compelling hints that somehow, superagers are more resilient against the ravages of time.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Early on, brain scans showed that a superager's cortex — an outer brain layer critical for memory and other key functions — is much thicker than normal for their age. It looks more like the cortex of healthy 50- and 60-year-olds.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>It's not clear if they were born that way. But Rogalski's team found another possible explanation: A superager's cortex doesn't shrink as fast. Over 18 months, average 80-somethings experienced more than twice the rate of loss.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Another clue: Deeper in the brain, that attention region is larger in superagers, too. And inside, autopsies showed that brain region was packed with unusual large, spindly neurons — a special and little understood type called von Economo neurons thought to play a role in social processing and awareness.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The superagers had four to five times more of those neurons than the typical octogenarian, Rogalski said — more even than the average young adult.\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The Northwestern study isn't the only attempt at unraveling long-lasting memory. At the University of California, Irvine, Dr. Claudia Kawas studies the oldest-old, people 90 and above. Some have Alzheimer's. Some have maintained excellent memory and some are in between.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>About 40 percent of the oldest-old who showed no symptoms of dementia in life nonetheless have full-fledged signs of Alzheimer's disease\u003ca href=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/stateofhealth/2017/08/09/lag-in-brain-donation-hampers-understanding-of-dementia-in-blacks/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"> in their brains\u003c/a> at death, Kawas told the AAAS meeting.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Rogalski also found varying amounts of amyloid and tau, hallmark Alzheimer's proteins, in the brains of some superagers.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Now scientists are exploring how these people deflect damage. Maybe superagers have different pathways\u003ca href=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/futureofyou/2017/01/06/obesity-can-lead-to-memory-loss/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"> to brain health.\u003c/a>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"They are living long and living well,\" Rogalski said. \"Are there modifiable things we can think about today, in our everyday lives\" to do the same?\u003c/p>\n\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>",
"attributes": {
"named": {},
"numeric": []
}
}
],
"link": "/futureofyou/439750/superagers-maintain-memory-into-80s-and-90s",
"authors": [
"byline_futureofyou_439750"
],
"categories": [
"futureofyou_1060",
"futureofyou_1"
],
"tags": [
"futureofyou_999",
"futureofyou_56",
"futureofyou_1008",
"futureofyou_61",
"futureofyou_1047"
],
"collections": [
"futureofyou_1093"
],
"featImg": "futureofyou_439764",
"label": "futureofyou_1093"
},
"futureofyou_439399": {
"type": "posts",
"id": "futureofyou_439399",
"meta": {
"index": "posts_1716263798",
"site": "futureofyou",
"id": "439399",
"score": null,
"sort": [
1518205487000
]
},
"parent": 0,
"labelTerm": {
"site": "futureofyou"
},
"blocks": [],
"publishDate": 1518205487,
"format": "standard",
"disqusTitle": "'Invisibilia': The Otherworldly Alien Hand Syndrome, Animated",
"title": "'Invisibilia': The Otherworldly Alien Hand Syndrome, Animated",
"headTitle": "KQED Future of You | KQED Science",
"content": "\u003cp>https://youtu.be/9FfBT_LuJvc\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Karen Byrne's left hand sometimes operates on its own terms. It has unbuttoned shirts and stubbed out cigarettes, without her permission. Oh, and a few times, her own hand has slapped her across the face.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>This is a documented medical occurrence, not a premise for a Jim Carrey movie. The condition's name? Alien hand syndrome.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Invisibilia featured Byrne and her alien hand last summer, and Giant Ant Studios recently created an otherworldly animation of Byrne's story.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Byrne says she's gotten used to her left hand's new attitude, but alien hand syndrome is a pesky, strange condition.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Imagine, as another patient has reported, sitting down to play the piano, only to have one hand levitate far above the piano keys as you try to practice. It's not that you've changed your mind; your goal is still to play a sonata. But that hand — still yours, and now also not yours — is obeying new directions, and you didn't come up with them consciously.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>For the pianist and Byrne, and many other cases, alien hand symptoms appears rooted in disruption of communication through the corpus callosum. That's the set of fibers that connects the right and left sides of the brain.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[contextly_sidebar id=\"5PLqzXEE43iwM1zJ6lR2DoxnyTA5eYuw\"]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The pianist's corpus callosum showed missing connections on an MRI, and Byrne's left hand developed its disobedience after a surgeon severed her corpus callosum in an operation to treat epileptic seizures.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>No matter how it arises, alien hand syndrome points out something important about our brains: The symphony of our minds depends on the interconnectedness of different regions of the brain, each playing its own role.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>More unexpected stories of why and how thoughts and feelings work the way they do are on deck in the new season of Invisibilia. It returns March 9. You'll find new episodes — and all the past episodes — on the podcast's page, NPR One, or wherever you get your podcasts.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>For the pianist and Byrne, and many other cases, alien hand symptoms appears rooted in disruption of communication through the corpus callosum. That's the set of fibers that connects the right and left sides of the brain.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The pianist's corpus callosum showed missing connections on an MRI, and Byrne's left hand developed its disobedience after a surgeon severed her corpus callosum in an operation to treat epileptic seizures.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>No matter how it arises, alien hand syndrome points out something important about our brains: The symphony of our minds depends on the interconnectedness of different regions of the brain, each playing its own role.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>More unexpected stories of why and how thoughts and feelings work the way they do are on deck in the new season of Invisibilia. It returns March 9. You'll find new episodes — and all the past episodes — on the podcast's page, NPR One, or wherever you get your podcasts.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Copyright 2018 NPR. To see more, visit \u003ca href=\"http://www.npr.org/\">http://www.npr.org/\u003c/a>.\u003cimg src=\"https://www.google-analytics.com/__utm.gif?utmac=UA-5828686-4&utmdt=A+Tiny+Pulse+Of+Electricity+Can+Help+The+Brain+Form+Lasting+Memories&utme=8(APIKey)9(MDAxOTAwOTE4MDEyMTkxMDAzNjczZDljZA004)\">\u003c/p>\n\n",
"disqusIdentifier": "439399 https://ww2.kqed.org/futureofyou/?p=439399",
"disqusUrl": "https://ww2.kqed.org/futureofyou/2018/02/09/invisibilia-the-otherworldly-alien-hand-syndrome-animated/",
"stats": {
"hasVideo": false,
"hasChartOrMap": false,
"hasAudio": false,
"hasPolis": false,
"wordCount": 512,
"hasGoogleForm": false,
"hasGallery": false,
"hasHearkenModule": false,
"iframeSrcs": [],
"paragraphCount": 17
},
"modified": 1518211499,
"excerpt": "What is it like to live with a hand that acts seemingly on its own, known as alien hand syndrome?",
"headData": {
"twImgId": "",
"twTitle": "",
"ogTitle": "",
"ogImgId": "",
"twDescription": "",
"description": "What is it like to live with a hand that acts seemingly on its own, known as alien hand syndrome?",
"title": "'Invisibilia': The Otherworldly Alien Hand Syndrome, Animated | KQED",
"ogDescription": "",
"schema": {
"@context": "https://schema.org",
"@type": "Article",
"headline": "'Invisibilia': The Otherworldly Alien Hand Syndrome, Animated",
"datePublished": "2018-02-09T11:44:47-08:00",
"dateModified": "2018-02-09T13:24:59-08:00",
"image": "https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2020/02/KQED-OG-Image@1x.png"
}
},
"guestAuthors": [],
"slug": "invisibilia-the-otherworldly-alien-hand-syndrome-animated",
"status": "publish",
"nprByline": "Menaka Wilhelm\u003cbr />NPR Shots",
"path": "/futureofyou/439399/invisibilia-the-otherworldly-alien-hand-syndrome-animated",
"audioTrackLength": null,
"parsedContent": [
{
"type": "contentString",
"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003cspan class='utils-parseShortcode-shortcodes-__youtubeShortcode__embedYoutube'>\n \u003cspan class='utils-parseShortcode-shortcodes-__youtubeShortcode__embedYoutubeInside'>\n \u003ciframe\n loading='lazy'\n class='utils-parseShortcode-shortcodes-__youtubeShortcode__youtubePlayer'\n type='text/html'\n src='//www.youtube.com/embed/9FfBT_LuJvc'\n title='//www.youtube.com/embed/9FfBT_LuJvc'\n allowfullscreen='true'\n style='border:0;'>\u003c/iframe>\n \u003c/span>\n \u003c/span>\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003cp>Karen Byrne's left hand sometimes operates on its own terms. It has unbuttoned shirts and stubbed out cigarettes, without her permission. Oh, and a few times, her own hand has slapped her across the face.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>This is a documented medical occurrence, not a premise for a Jim Carrey movie. The condition's name? Alien hand syndrome.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Invisibilia featured Byrne and her alien hand last summer, and Giant Ant Studios recently created an otherworldly animation of Byrne's story.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Byrne says she's gotten used to her left hand's new attitude, but alien hand syndrome is a pesky, strange condition.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
"attributes": {
"named": {},
"numeric": []
}
},
{
"type": "component",
"content": "",
"name": "ad",
"attributes": {
"named": {
"label": "fullwidth"
},
"numeric": [
"fullwidth"
]
}
},
{
"type": "contentString",
"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Imagine, as another patient has reported, sitting down to play the piano, only to have one hand levitate far above the piano keys as you try to practice. It's not that you've changed your mind; your goal is still to play a sonata. But that hand — still yours, and now also not yours — is obeying new directions, and you didn't come up with them consciously.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>For the pianist and Byrne, and many other cases, alien hand symptoms appears rooted in disruption of communication through the corpus callosum. That's the set of fibers that connects the right and left sides of the brain.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The pianist's corpus callosum showed missing connections on an MRI, and Byrne's left hand developed its disobedience after a surgeon severed her corpus callosum in an operation to treat epileptic seizures.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>No matter how it arises, alien hand syndrome points out something important about our brains: The symphony of our minds depends on the interconnectedness of different regions of the brain, each playing its own role.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>More unexpected stories of why and how thoughts and feelings work the way they do are on deck in the new season of Invisibilia. It returns March 9. You'll find new episodes — and all the past episodes — on the podcast's page, NPR One, or wherever you get your podcasts.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>For the pianist and Byrne, and many other cases, alien hand symptoms appears rooted in disruption of communication through the corpus callosum. That's the set of fibers that connects the right and left sides of the brain.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The pianist's corpus callosum showed missing connections on an MRI, and Byrne's left hand developed its disobedience after a surgeon severed her corpus callosum in an operation to treat epileptic seizures.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>No matter how it arises, alien hand syndrome points out something important about our brains: The symphony of our minds depends on the interconnectedness of different regions of the brain, each playing its own role.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>More unexpected stories of why and how thoughts and feelings work the way they do are on deck in the new season of Invisibilia. It returns March 9. You'll find new episodes — and all the past episodes — on the podcast's page, NPR One, or wherever you get your podcasts.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Copyright 2018 NPR. To see more, visit \u003ca href=\"http://www.npr.org/\">http://www.npr.org/\u003c/a>.\u003cimg src=\"https://www.google-analytics.com/__utm.gif?utmac=UA-5828686-4&utmdt=A+Tiny+Pulse+Of+Electricity+Can+Help+The+Brain+Form+Lasting+Memories&utme=8(APIKey)9(MDAxOTAwOTE4MDEyMTkxMDAzNjczZDljZA004)\">\u003c/p>\n\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>",
"attributes": {
"named": {},
"numeric": []
}
}
],
"link": "/futureofyou/439399/invisibilia-the-otherworldly-alien-hand-syndrome-animated",
"authors": [
"byline_futureofyou_439399"
],
"categories": [
"futureofyou_1"
],
"tags": [
"futureofyou_56",
"futureofyou_141",
"futureofyou_61",
"futureofyou_173",
"futureofyou_1123"
],
"featImg": "futureofyou_439402",
"label": "futureofyou"
},
"futureofyou_436054": {
"type": "posts",
"id": "futureofyou_436054",
"meta": {
"index": "posts_1716263798",
"site": "futureofyou",
"id": "436054",
"score": null,
"sort": [
1508863843000
]
},
"parent": 0,
"labelTerm": {
"site": "futureofyou"
},
"blocks": [],
"publishDate": 1508863843,
"format": "standard",
"disqusTitle": "New Evidence of Brain's Link To Immune System",
"title": "New Evidence of Brain's Link To Immune System",
"headTitle": "KQED Future of You | KQED Science",
"content": "\u003cp>Fresh evidence that the body's immune system interacts directly with the brain could lead to a new understanding of diseases from multiple sclerosis to Alzheimer's.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>A study of human and monkey brains found lymphatic vessels — a key part of the body's immune system — in a membrane that surrounds the brain and nervous system, a team \u003ca href=\"https://elifesciences.org/articles/29738\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">reported\u003c/a> this month in the online journal eLife.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Lymphatic vessels are a part of the lymphatic system, which extends throughout the body much like our network of veins and arteries. Instead of carrying blood, though, these vessels carry a clear fluid called lymph, which contains both immune cells and waste products.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The new finding bolsters recent \u003ca href=\"http://www.nature.com/nature/journal/v523/n7560/full/nature14432.html?foxtrotcallback=true\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">evidence\u003c/a> in rodents that the brain interacts with the body's lymphatic system to help fend off diseases and remove waste. Until a few years ago, scientists believed that the brain's immune and waste removal systems operated independently.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The discovery of lymphatic vessels near the surface of the brain could lead to a better understanding of multiple sclerosis, which seems to be triggered by a glitch in the immune system, says \u003ca href=\"https://neuroscience.nih.gov/ninds/Faculty/Profile/daniel-reich.aspx\">Dr. Daniel Reich\u003c/a>, an author of the study and a senior investigator at the National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"How the immune system interacts with the brain is fundamental to how multiple sclerosis develops and how we treat multiple sclerosis,\" Reich says.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Current treatments for multiple sclerosis often involve drugs that suppress the immune system.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The research also has implications for diseases like Parkinson's and Alzheimer's.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>These diseases occur as certain toxic waste products accumulate in the brain. And lymphatic vessels appear to be part of the system that usually removes these waste products.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"The discovery of a lymphatic system in the brain raises the possibility that a disorder of the lymphatic system is somehow involved in the causation of Alzheimer's disease,\" says \u003ca href=\"http://profiles.ucsf.edu/michael.weiner\">Dr. Michael Weiner\u003c/a>, a professor of radiology at UCSF, who was not connected with the study.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>That sort of thinking is a radical change from just a few years ago, Reich says.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>For centuries, most scientists believed that the body's lymphatic system didn't connect to the brain, Reich says. \"The brain is thought to be what is called immune-privileged,\" he says. \"It has a different immune system from the rest of the body.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>So Reich was intrigued when he heard a talk in 2015 by \u003ca href=\"https://med.virginia.edu/neuroscience/faculty/primary-faculty/jonathan-kipnis-ph-d/\">Jonathan Kipnis\u003c/a>, who directs the neuroscience department at the University of Virginia.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"He showed very clearly in this talk that there are lymph vessels in the head, which I had learned in medical school didn't exist,\" Reich says.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But the evidence was in mice. So Reich and a team of scientists used MRI to study the brains of several human volunteers.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The scientists injected a special dye into the bloodstream, then watched to see where it went. They focused on the dura mater, the outermost membrane that protects the brain and nervous system.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>As expected, the team saw some of the dye leak out of blood vessels in the dura mater. But then they could see that the leaked dye was being collected by different vessels – which is exactly what happens in the lymphatic system.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"That gave us some evidence that there are vessels here that are behaving different from blood vessels,\" Reich says. \"But we weren't sure that they were lymphatic vessels.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>To be certain, Reich's team spent years perfecting a technique to reveal the lymphatic vessels in the dura mater of brains taken from human cadavers. This allowed the scientists to confirm the presence of these vessels near the surface of the brain. And it strongly suggested that the lymphatic system interacts directly with the brain.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The results extend the findings of a landmark \u003ca href=\"http://www.npr.org/sections/health-shots/2013/10/18/236211811/brains-sweep-themselves-clean-of-toxins-during-sleep\">study\u003c/a> published in 2013. It found that the brain appears to flush out waste products during sleep.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But it wasn't clear how these waste products were draining out of the head. Now it appears that at least some of the waste might be exiting through the lymphatic system.\u003c/p>\n\u003cdiv class=\"fullattribution\">Copyright 2017 NPR. To see more, visit http://www.npr.org/.\u003cimg src=\"https://www.google-analytics.com/__utm.gif?utmac=UA-5828686-4&utmdt=Brain%27s+Link+To+Immune+System+Might+Help+Explain+Alzheimer%27s&utme=8(APIKey)9(MDAxOTAwOTE4MDEyMTkxMDAzNjczZDljZA004)\">\u003c/div>\n\n",
"disqusIdentifier": "436054 https://ww2.kqed.org/futureofyou/?p=436054",
"disqusUrl": "https://ww2.kqed.org/futureofyou/2017/10/24/new-evidence-of-brains-link-to-immune-system/",
"stats": {
"hasVideo": false,
"hasChartOrMap": false,
"hasAudio": false,
"hasPolis": false,
"wordCount": 697,
"hasGoogleForm": false,
"hasGallery": false,
"hasHearkenModule": false,
"iframeSrcs": [],
"paragraphCount": 23
},
"modified": 1508863885,
"excerpt": "For centuries, scientists thought the human brain had no direct connection to the body's immune system. Now researchers seem to have found one, and say it may offer clues to multiple sclerosis, too.",
"headData": {
"twImgId": "",
"twTitle": "",
"ogTitle": "",
"ogImgId": "",
"twDescription": "",
"description": "For centuries, scientists thought the human brain had no direct connection to the body's immune system. Now researchers seem to have found one, and say it may offer clues to multiple sclerosis, too.",
"title": "New Evidence of Brain's Link To Immune System | KQED",
"ogDescription": "",
"schema": {
"@context": "https://schema.org",
"@type": "Article",
"headline": "New Evidence of Brain's Link To Immune System",
"datePublished": "2017-10-24T09:50:43-07:00",
"dateModified": "2017-10-24T09:51:25-07:00",
"image": "https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2020/02/KQED-OG-Image@1x.png"
}
},
"guestAuthors": [],
"slug": "new-evidence-of-brains-link-to-immune-system",
"status": "publish",
"nprApiLink": "http://api.npr.org/query?id=555353033&apiKey=MDAxOTAwOTE4MDEyMTkxMDAzNjczZDljZA004",
"nprByline": "Jon Hamilton\u003cbr />NPR Shots",
"nprStoryDate": "Tue, 03 Oct 2017 16:55:00 -0400",
"nprLastModifiedDate": "Fri, 06 Oct 2017 17:39:34 -0400",
"nprHtmlLink": "http://www.npr.org/sections/health-shots/2017/10/03/555353033/brains-link-to-immune-system-might-help-explain-alzheimers?ft=nprml&f=555353033",
"nprAudio": "https://ondemand.npr.org/anon.npr-mp3/npr/atc/2017/10/20171003_atc_brains_link_to_immune_system_might_help_explain_alzheimers.mp3?orgId=1&topicId=1128&d=229&p=2&story=555353033&t=progseg&e=555295128&seg=18&ft=nprml&f=555353033",
"nprImageAgency": "Alfred Pasieka/Science Source",
"nprAudioM3u": "http://api.npr.org/m3u/1555425864-f28453.m3u?orgId=1&topicId=1128&d=229&p=2&story=555353033&t=progseg&e=555295128&seg=18&ft=nprml&f=555353033",
"nprStoryId": "555353033",
"nprRetrievedStory": "1",
"nprPubDate": "Fri, 06 Oct 2017 17:39:00 -0400",
"path": "/futureofyou/436054/new-evidence-of-brains-link-to-immune-system",
"audioUrl": "https://ondemand.npr.org/anon.npr-mp3/npr/atc/2017/10/20171003_atc_brains_link_to_immune_system_might_help_explain_alzheimers.mp3?orgId=1&topicId=1128&d=229&p=2&story=555353033&t=progseg&e=555295128&seg=18&ft=nprml&f=555353033",
"audioTrackLength": null,
"parsedContent": [
{
"type": "contentString",
"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>Fresh evidence that the body's immune system interacts directly with the brain could lead to a new understanding of diseases from multiple sclerosis to Alzheimer's.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>A study of human and monkey brains found lymphatic vessels — a key part of the body's immune system — in a membrane that surrounds the brain and nervous system, a team \u003ca href=\"https://elifesciences.org/articles/29738\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">reported\u003c/a> this month in the online journal eLife.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Lymphatic vessels are a part of the lymphatic system, which extends throughout the body much like our network of veins and arteries. Instead of carrying blood, though, these vessels carry a clear fluid called lymph, which contains both immune cells and waste products.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The new finding bolsters recent \u003ca href=\"http://www.nature.com/nature/journal/v523/n7560/full/nature14432.html?foxtrotcallback=true\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">evidence\u003c/a> in rodents that the brain interacts with the body's lymphatic system to help fend off diseases and remove waste. Until a few years ago, scientists believed that the brain's immune and waste removal systems operated independently.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The discovery of lymphatic vessels near the surface of the brain could lead to a better understanding of multiple sclerosis, which seems to be triggered by a glitch in the immune system, says \u003ca href=\"https://neuroscience.nih.gov/ninds/Faculty/Profile/daniel-reich.aspx\">Dr. Daniel Reich\u003c/a>, an author of the study and a senior investigator at the National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
"attributes": {
"named": {},
"numeric": []
}
},
{
"type": "component",
"content": "",
"name": "ad",
"attributes": {
"named": {
"label": "fullwidth"
},
"numeric": [
"fullwidth"
]
}
},
{
"type": "contentString",
"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"How the immune system interacts with the brain is fundamental to how multiple sclerosis develops and how we treat multiple sclerosis,\" Reich says.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Current treatments for multiple sclerosis often involve drugs that suppress the immune system.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The research also has implications for diseases like Parkinson's and Alzheimer's.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>These diseases occur as certain toxic waste products accumulate in the brain. And lymphatic vessels appear to be part of the system that usually removes these waste products.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"The discovery of a lymphatic system in the brain raises the possibility that a disorder of the lymphatic system is somehow involved in the causation of Alzheimer's disease,\" says \u003ca href=\"http://profiles.ucsf.edu/michael.weiner\">Dr. Michael Weiner\u003c/a>, a professor of radiology at UCSF, who was not connected with the study.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>That sort of thinking is a radical change from just a few years ago, Reich says.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>For centuries, most scientists believed that the body's lymphatic system didn't connect to the brain, Reich says. \"The brain is thought to be what is called immune-privileged,\" he says. \"It has a different immune system from the rest of the body.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>So Reich was intrigued when he heard a talk in 2015 by \u003ca href=\"https://med.virginia.edu/neuroscience/faculty/primary-faculty/jonathan-kipnis-ph-d/\">Jonathan Kipnis\u003c/a>, who directs the neuroscience department at the University of Virginia.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"He showed very clearly in this talk that there are lymph vessels in the head, which I had learned in medical school didn't exist,\" Reich says.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But the evidence was in mice. So Reich and a team of scientists used MRI to study the brains of several human volunteers.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The scientists injected a special dye into the bloodstream, then watched to see where it went. They focused on the dura mater, the outermost membrane that protects the brain and nervous system.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>As expected, the team saw some of the dye leak out of blood vessels in the dura mater. But then they could see that the leaked dye was being collected by different vessels – which is exactly what happens in the lymphatic system.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"That gave us some evidence that there are vessels here that are behaving different from blood vessels,\" Reich says. \"But we weren't sure that they were lymphatic vessels.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>To be certain, Reich's team spent years perfecting a technique to reveal the lymphatic vessels in the dura mater of brains taken from human cadavers. This allowed the scientists to confirm the presence of these vessels near the surface of the brain. And it strongly suggested that the lymphatic system interacts directly with the brain.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The results extend the findings of a landmark \u003ca href=\"http://www.npr.org/sections/health-shots/2013/10/18/236211811/brains-sweep-themselves-clean-of-toxins-during-sleep\">study\u003c/a> published in 2013. It found that the brain appears to flush out waste products during sleep.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But it wasn't clear how these waste products were draining out of the head. Now it appears that at least some of the waste might be exiting through the lymphatic system.\u003c/p>\n\u003cdiv class=\"fullattribution\">Copyright 2017 NPR. To see more, visit http://www.npr.org/.\u003cimg src=\"https://www.google-analytics.com/__utm.gif?utmac=UA-5828686-4&utmdt=Brain%27s+Link+To+Immune+System+Might+Help+Explain+Alzheimer%27s&utme=8(APIKey)9(MDAxOTAwOTE4MDEyMTkxMDAzNjczZDljZA004)\">\u003c/div>\n\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>",
"attributes": {
"named": {},
"numeric": []
}
}
],
"link": "/futureofyou/436054/new-evidence-of-brains-link-to-immune-system",
"authors": [
"byline_futureofyou_436054"
],
"categories": [
"futureofyou_1"
],
"tags": [
"futureofyou_999",
"futureofyou_56",
"futureofyou_327",
"futureofyou_949",
"futureofyou_59"
],
"featImg": "futureofyou_436055",
"label": "futureofyou"
},
"futureofyou_435638": {
"type": "posts",
"id": "futureofyou_435638",
"meta": {
"index": "posts_1716263798",
"site": "futureofyou",
"id": "435638",
"score": null,
"sort": [
1506668468000
]
},
"parent": 0,
"labelTerm": {
"site": "futureofyou"
},
"blocks": [],
"publishDate": 1506668468,
"format": "standard",
"disqusTitle": "Consciousness Partially Restored in Man Who Spent 15 Years in Vegetative State",
"title": "Consciousness Partially Restored in Man Who Spent 15 Years in Vegetative State",
"headTitle": "KQED Future of You | KQED Science",
"content": "\u003cp>Doctors generally accept that the damage from a traumatic brain injury is irreparable after a person spends 12 months in a vegetative state. New research has just turned this idea on its head.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Neuropsychologists in France have restored a minimal level of consciousness in a man with profound brain injuries who has been in a vegetative state for more than a decade. Their findings, published Monday in \u003cem>\u003ca href=\"http://www.cell.com/current-biology/fulltext/S0960-9822(17)30964-8\">Current Biology\u003c/a>\u003c/em>, unlock a potential path for bringing consciousness back to thousands of patients previously thought beyond help.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[contextly_sidebar id=\"ePN8Q9PA9kG0iY4rrOzIswD8cwyPvAox\"]“We choose a patient who was in a vegetative state [for] 15 years, showing no sign of change since his car accident,” neuroscientist and study co-author Dr. Angela Sirigu said in an email. Little else is publicly known about the 35-year-old man, as the researchers have chosen not to share his identity and his family has declined to speak on his behalf.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Brain activity returned to the patient due to the researchers’ use of a technique called vagus nerve stimulation (VNS), which they had hoped could rehabilitate his consciousness.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The vagus nerve connects “most of the key organs — heart and lungs included — to the brain stem,” Samuel K. Moore wrote in \u003ca href=\"https://spectrum.ieee.org/biomedical/devices/the-vagus-nerve-a-back-door-for-brain-hacking\">IEEE Spectrum\u003c/a>. “It’s like a back door built into the human physiology, allowing you to hack the body’s systems.” Since the 1990s, stimulating the vagus nerve with an electrical current from a pacemaker-like device has been explored, with mixed results, as a treatment for neurological issues such as epilepsy, migraines and depression.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Sirigu and her colleagues tried VNS on the vegetative patient for six months.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_435639\" class=\"wp-caption alignright\" style=\"max-width: 400px\">\u003cimg class=\"size-full wp-image-435639\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/futureofyou/wp-content/uploads/sites/13/2017/09/vagus-nerve.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"400\" height=\"524\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/13/2017/09/vagus-nerve.jpg 400w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/13/2017/09/vagus-nerve-160x210.jpg 160w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/13/2017/09/vagus-nerve-240x314.jpg 240w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/13/2017/09/vagus-nerve-375x491.jpg 375w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 400px) 100vw, 400px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">The vagus nerve connects the heart, lungs, and other organs to the brainstem. \u003ccite>(Photo via Wikimedia)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>After the first month of the procedure, an electroencephalogram (EEG) brain scan “revealed a significant increase in theta band (4–7 Hz) power,” which is the brain wave associated with daydreaming and ideation. The brain activity does not represent full consciousness; more like the trance you fall into when you are \u003ca href=\"https://www.scientificamerican.com/article/what-is-the-function-of-t-1997-12-22/\">driving on a particularly straight stretch of highway\u003c/a>, but it is a marked improvement from an unresponsive vegetative state.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Yet visitors noticed the change in the patient. “After VNS, the patient could respond to simple orders that were impossible before,” Sirigu said, “to follow an object with his gaze, to turn the head [to] the other side of the bed on verbal request.” The patient even managed to stay awake and show more attentiveness when read to by his mother.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The researchers plan to pursue the VNS approach in other patients whose traumatic brain injuries were thought beyond remedy, and the team is hopeful. “Changes even in severe clinical patients are possible when the right intervention is appropriate and powerful,” Sirigu said. “After this case report we should consider testing larger populations of patients.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>A version of this story appeared on \u003ca href=\"https://www.mobprod.com/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">Miles O’Brien Productions.\u003c/a>\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\n",
"disqusIdentifier": "435638 https://ww2.kqed.org/futureofyou/?p=435638",
"disqusUrl": "https://ww2.kqed.org/futureofyou/2017/09/29/consciousness-partially-restored-in-man-who-spent-15-years-in-vegetative-state/",
"stats": {
"hasVideo": false,
"hasChartOrMap": false,
"hasAudio": false,
"hasPolis": false,
"wordCount": 511,
"hasGoogleForm": false,
"hasGallery": false,
"hasHearkenModule": false,
"iframeSrcs": [],
"paragraphCount": 12
},
"modified": 1506693416,
"excerpt": "Doctors generally accept that the damage from a traumatic brain injury is irreparable after a person spends 12 months in a vegetative state. New research is throwing that into question.",
"headData": {
"twImgId": "",
"twTitle": "",
"ogTitle": "",
"ogImgId": "",
"twDescription": "",
"description": "Doctors generally accept that the damage from a traumatic brain injury is irreparable after a person spends 12 months in a vegetative state. New research is throwing that into question.",
"title": "Consciousness Partially Restored in Man Who Spent 15 Years in Vegetative State | KQED",
"ogDescription": "",
"schema": {
"@context": "https://schema.org",
"@type": "Article",
"headline": "Consciousness Partially Restored in Man Who Spent 15 Years in Vegetative State",
"datePublished": "2017-09-29T00:01:08-07:00",
"dateModified": "2017-09-29T06:56:56-07:00",
"image": "https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2020/02/KQED-OG-Image@1x.png"
}
},
"guestAuthors": [],
"slug": "consciousness-partially-restored-in-man-who-spent-15-years-in-vegetative-state",
"status": "publish",
"nprByline": "Fedor Kossakovski\u003c/br>PBS Newshour",
"path": "/futureofyou/435638/consciousness-partially-restored-in-man-who-spent-15-years-in-vegetative-state",
"audioTrackLength": null,
"parsedContent": [
{
"type": "contentString",
"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>Doctors generally accept that the damage from a traumatic brain injury is irreparable after a person spends 12 months in a vegetative state. New research has just turned this idea on its head.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Neuropsychologists in France have restored a minimal level of consciousness in a man with profound brain injuries who has been in a vegetative state for more than a decade. Their findings, published Monday in \u003cem>\u003ca href=\"http://www.cell.com/current-biology/fulltext/S0960-9822(17)30964-8\">Current Biology\u003c/a>\u003c/em>, unlock a potential path for bringing consciousness back to thousands of patients previously thought beyond help.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003cp>“We choose a patient who was in a vegetative state [for] 15 years, showing no sign of change since his car accident,” neuroscientist and study co-author Dr. Angela Sirigu said in an email. Little else is publicly known about the 35-year-old man, as the researchers have chosen not to share his identity and his family has declined to speak on his behalf.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Brain activity returned to the patient due to the researchers’ use of a technique called vagus nerve stimulation (VNS), which they had hoped could rehabilitate his consciousness.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The vagus nerve connects “most of the key organs — heart and lungs included — to the brain stem,” Samuel K. Moore wrote in \u003ca href=\"https://spectrum.ieee.org/biomedical/devices/the-vagus-nerve-a-back-door-for-brain-hacking\">IEEE Spectrum\u003c/a>. “It’s like a back door built into the human physiology, allowing you to hack the body’s systems.” Since the 1990s, stimulating the vagus nerve with an electrical current from a pacemaker-like device has been explored, with mixed results, as a treatment for neurological issues such as epilepsy, migraines and depression.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
"attributes": {
"named": {},
"numeric": []
}
},
{
"type": "component",
"content": "",
"name": "ad",
"attributes": {
"named": {
"label": "fullwidth"
},
"numeric": [
"fullwidth"
]
}
},
{
"type": "contentString",
"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Sirigu and her colleagues tried VNS on the vegetative patient for six months.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_435639\" class=\"wp-caption alignright\" style=\"max-width: 400px\">\u003cimg class=\"size-full wp-image-435639\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/futureofyou/wp-content/uploads/sites/13/2017/09/vagus-nerve.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"400\" height=\"524\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/13/2017/09/vagus-nerve.jpg 400w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/13/2017/09/vagus-nerve-160x210.jpg 160w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/13/2017/09/vagus-nerve-240x314.jpg 240w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/13/2017/09/vagus-nerve-375x491.jpg 375w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 400px) 100vw, 400px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">The vagus nerve connects the heart, lungs, and other organs to the brainstem. \u003ccite>(Photo via Wikimedia)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>After the first month of the procedure, an electroencephalogram (EEG) brain scan “revealed a significant increase in theta band (4–7 Hz) power,” which is the brain wave associated with daydreaming and ideation. The brain activity does not represent full consciousness; more like the trance you fall into when you are \u003ca href=\"https://www.scientificamerican.com/article/what-is-the-function-of-t-1997-12-22/\">driving on a particularly straight stretch of highway\u003c/a>, but it is a marked improvement from an unresponsive vegetative state.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Yet visitors noticed the change in the patient. “After VNS, the patient could respond to simple orders that were impossible before,” Sirigu said, “to follow an object with his gaze, to turn the head [to] the other side of the bed on verbal request.” The patient even managed to stay awake and show more attentiveness when read to by his mother.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The researchers plan to pursue the VNS approach in other patients whose traumatic brain injuries were thought beyond remedy, and the team is hopeful. “Changes even in severe clinical patients are possible when the right intervention is appropriate and powerful,” Sirigu said. “After this case report we should consider testing larger populations of patients.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>A version of this story appeared on \u003ca href=\"https://www.mobprod.com/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">Miles O’Brien Productions.\u003c/a>\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>",
"attributes": {
"named": {},
"numeric": []
}
}
],
"link": "/futureofyou/435638/consciousness-partially-restored-in-man-who-spent-15-years-in-vegetative-state",
"authors": [
"byline_futureofyou_435638"
],
"categories": [
"futureofyou_1"
],
"tags": [
"futureofyou_56",
"futureofyou_673",
"futureofyou_1363"
],
"featImg": "futureofyou_435640",
"label": "futureofyou"
},
"futureofyou_434763": {
"type": "posts",
"id": "futureofyou_434763",
"meta": {
"index": "posts_1716263798",
"site": "futureofyou",
"id": "434763",
"score": null,
"sort": [
1502303220000
]
},
"parent": 0,
"labelTerm": {
"site": "futureofyou"
},
"blocks": [],
"publishDate": 1502303220,
"format": "standard",
"disqusTitle": "Video Games May Affect The Brain Differently, Depending On What You Play",
"title": "Video Games May Affect The Brain Differently, Depending On What You Play",
"headTitle": "KQED Future of You | KQED Science",
"content": "\u003cp>People who played action video games that involve first-person shooters, such as Call of Duty and Medal of Honor, experienced shrinkage in a brain region called the hippocampus, according to a study published Tuesday in \u003cem>Molecular\u003c/em> \u003cem>Psychiatry\u003c/em>. That part of the brain is associated with spatial navigation, stress regulation and memory. Playing Super Mario games, in which the noble plumber strives to rescue a princess, had the opposite effect on the hippocampus, causing growth in it.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Scientists have done \u003ca href=\"http://journal.frontiersin.org/article/10.3389/fnhum.2017.00248/full#F1\">dozens of studies\u003c/a> looking to see if playing video games affects people's health and behavior. There's some evidence they may improve people's visual short-term memory and eye-hand coordination. But researchers keep looking for negative consequences, too.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>These researchers first asked 33 participants how often they had played video games in the past year. They scanned people's brains using MRIs, and found that the action video game players, who reported spending an average of 19 hours playing action video games each week, had less gray matter in the hippocampus than non-video game players. The difference was statistically significant.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[contextly_sidebar id=\"piE4vSUENHR0hZHdkiOKIhLF9ZgivVMX\"]Then the researchers asked 43 other people who don't usually play video games to spend 90 hours over about 10 weeks playing either action video games or Super Mario games in a controlled setting.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>People in the group that played action video games lost gray matter in the hippocampus, according to \u003ca href=\"http://en.psy.umontreal.ca/repertoire-departement/vue/west-gregory/\">Gregory West\u003c/a>, the \u003ca href=\"http://www.nature.com/mp/journal/vaop/ncurrent/full/mp2017155a.html?foxtrotcallback=true\">study\u003c/a>'s lead author and an associate professor of psychology at the University of Montreal. And people who played Super Mario games gained gray matter in the hippocampus.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"While we train up this one system, this other system is potentially being neglected and potentially showing signs of atrophy,\" West says.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"http://jacobsfoundation.org/contacts/simone-kuehn/\">Simone Kuhn\u003c/a>, a professor of neural plasticity at the University Clinic Hamburg-Eppendorf in Germany, says people who play action video games shouldn't be too concerned.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"I would never interpret this finding as a big warning against action video games,\" she says. Why did action video games seem to shrink the hippocampus, while a different type of game seem to have caused it to grow? West and his colleagues have some ideas.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The way that each type of video game is designed could play a role, West says.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"In the majority of action video games, there's an onscreen GPS overlaid on the screen,\" West says. \"There's also wayfinding markers overlaid over the environment, and we know from past studies that when people are encouraged to navigate using these cues, really, they're not using their hippocampal memory system to navigate.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Instead, they're using the caudate nucleus, which is part of the brain's reward system.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"It's kind of like your brain's autopilot, you could think of it that way,\" West says.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"It could be the case that these action video games are encouraging people to favor this reward system over their hippocampal memory system. And then it's become the use-it-or-lose-it type scenario.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>He hopes future research can determine if there's a relationship between the changes he and his colleagues observed and the number of hours a person spends each week playing video games, as well as the extent of the increase or decrease in size of the hippocampus.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>And for the \u003ca href=\"http://www.pewinternet.org/2015/12/15/gaming-and-gamers/\">1 in 10 Americans\u003c/a> who consider themselves gamers, West has some advice about which games to choose.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"If I had to recommend a type of video game to someone, it would be a 3-D platform or logic puzzle game. The evidence is clear at this point that these games can be beneficial for the brain,\" West says.\u003c/p>\n\u003cdiv class=\"fullattribution\">Copyright 2017 NPR. To see more, visit http://www.npr.org/.\u003cimg src=\"https://www.google-analytics.com/__utm.gif?utmac=UA-5828686-4&utmdt=Video+Games+May+Affect+The+Brain+Differently%2C+Depending+On+What+You+Play&utme=8(APIKey)9(MDAxOTAwOTE4MDEyMTkxMDAzNjczZDljZA004)\">\u003c/div>\n\n",
"disqusIdentifier": "434763 https://ww2.kqed.org/futureofyou/?p=434763",
"disqusUrl": "https://ww2.kqed.org/futureofyou/2017/08/09/video-games-may-affect-the-brain-differently-depending-on-what-you-play/",
"stats": {
"hasVideo": false,
"hasChartOrMap": false,
"hasAudio": false,
"hasPolis": false,
"wordCount": 626,
"hasGoogleForm": false,
"hasGallery": false,
"hasHearkenModule": false,
"iframeSrcs": [],
"paragraphCount": 18
},
"modified": 1502921009,
"excerpt": "Millions of people play video games, but there's plenty of disagreement on whether they're good or bad for brains. Action games may have a different effect than something like Super Mario.",
"headData": {
"twImgId": "",
"twTitle": "",
"ogTitle": "",
"ogImgId": "",
"twDescription": "",
"description": "Millions of people play video games, but there's plenty of disagreement on whether they're good or bad for brains. Action games may have a different effect than something like Super Mario.",
"title": "Video Games May Affect The Brain Differently, Depending On What You Play | KQED",
"ogDescription": "",
"schema": {
"@context": "https://schema.org",
"@type": "Article",
"headline": "Video Games May Affect The Brain Differently, Depending On What You Play",
"datePublished": "2017-08-09T11:27:00-07:00",
"dateModified": "2017-08-16T15:03:29-07:00",
"image": "https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2020/02/KQED-OG-Image@1x.png"
}
},
"guestAuthors": [],
"slug": "video-games-may-affect-the-brain-differently-depending-on-what-you-play",
"status": "publish",
"nprApiLink": "http://api.npr.org/query?id=542215646&apiKey=MDAxOTAwOTE4MDEyMTkxMDAzNjczZDljZA004",
"nprByline": "Courtney Columbus\u003c/br>NPR",
"nprStoryDate": "Wed, 09 Aug 2017 11:16:00 -0400",
"nprLastModifiedDate": "Wed, 09 Aug 2017 12:12:08 -0400",
"nprHtmlLink": "http://www.npr.org/sections/health-shots/2017/08/09/542215646/video-games-may-affect-the-brain-differently-depending-on-what-you-play?ft=nprml&f=542215646",
"nprImageAgency": "mustafahacalaki/Getty Images",
"nprStoryId": "542215646",
"nprRetrievedStory": "1",
"nprPubDate": "Wed, 09 Aug 2017 12:12:00 -0400",
"path": "/futureofyou/434763/video-games-may-affect-the-brain-differently-depending-on-what-you-play",
"audioTrackLength": null,
"parsedContent": [
{
"type": "contentString",
"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>People who played action video games that involve first-person shooters, such as Call of Duty and Medal of Honor, experienced shrinkage in a brain region called the hippocampus, according to a study published Tuesday in \u003cem>Molecular\u003c/em> \u003cem>Psychiatry\u003c/em>. That part of the brain is associated with spatial navigation, stress regulation and memory. Playing Super Mario games, in which the noble plumber strives to rescue a princess, had the opposite effect on the hippocampus, causing growth in it.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Scientists have done \u003ca href=\"http://journal.frontiersin.org/article/10.3389/fnhum.2017.00248/full#F1\">dozens of studies\u003c/a> looking to see if playing video games affects people's health and behavior. There's some evidence they may improve people's visual short-term memory and eye-hand coordination. But researchers keep looking for negative consequences, too.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>These researchers first asked 33 participants how often they had played video games in the past year. They scanned people's brains using MRIs, and found that the action video game players, who reported spending an average of 19 hours playing action video games each week, had less gray matter in the hippocampus than non-video game players. The difference was statistically significant.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003cp>Then the researchers asked 43 other people who don't usually play video games to spend 90 hours over about 10 weeks playing either action video games or Super Mario games in a controlled setting.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>People in the group that played action video games lost gray matter in the hippocampus, according to \u003ca href=\"http://en.psy.umontreal.ca/repertoire-departement/vue/west-gregory/\">Gregory West\u003c/a>, the \u003ca href=\"http://www.nature.com/mp/journal/vaop/ncurrent/full/mp2017155a.html?foxtrotcallback=true\">study\u003c/a>'s lead author and an associate professor of psychology at the University of Montreal. And people who played Super Mario games gained gray matter in the hippocampus.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
"attributes": {
"named": {},
"numeric": []
}
},
{
"type": "component",
"content": "",
"name": "ad",
"attributes": {
"named": {
"label": "fullwidth"
},
"numeric": [
"fullwidth"
]
}
},
{
"type": "contentString",
"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"While we train up this one system, this other system is potentially being neglected and potentially showing signs of atrophy,\" West says.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"http://jacobsfoundation.org/contacts/simone-kuehn/\">Simone Kuhn\u003c/a>, a professor of neural plasticity at the University Clinic Hamburg-Eppendorf in Germany, says people who play action video games shouldn't be too concerned.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"I would never interpret this finding as a big warning against action video games,\" she says. Why did action video games seem to shrink the hippocampus, while a different type of game seem to have caused it to grow? West and his colleagues have some ideas.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The way that each type of video game is designed could play a role, West says.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"In the majority of action video games, there's an onscreen GPS overlaid on the screen,\" West says. \"There's also wayfinding markers overlaid over the environment, and we know from past studies that when people are encouraged to navigate using these cues, really, they're not using their hippocampal memory system to navigate.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Instead, they're using the caudate nucleus, which is part of the brain's reward system.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"It's kind of like your brain's autopilot, you could think of it that way,\" West says.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"It could be the case that these action video games are encouraging people to favor this reward system over their hippocampal memory system. And then it's become the use-it-or-lose-it type scenario.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>He hopes future research can determine if there's a relationship between the changes he and his colleagues observed and the number of hours a person spends each week playing video games, as well as the extent of the increase or decrease in size of the hippocampus.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>And for the \u003ca href=\"http://www.pewinternet.org/2015/12/15/gaming-and-gamers/\">1 in 10 Americans\u003c/a> who consider themselves gamers, West has some advice about which games to choose.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"If I had to recommend a type of video game to someone, it would be a 3-D platform or logic puzzle game. The evidence is clear at this point that these games can be beneficial for the brain,\" West says.\u003c/p>\n\u003cdiv class=\"fullattribution\">Copyright 2017 NPR. To see more, visit http://www.npr.org/.\u003cimg src=\"https://www.google-analytics.com/__utm.gif?utmac=UA-5828686-4&utmdt=Video+Games+May+Affect+The+Brain+Differently%2C+Depending+On+What+You+Play&utme=8(APIKey)9(MDAxOTAwOTE4MDEyMTkxMDAzNjczZDljZA004)\">\u003c/div>\n\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>",
"attributes": {
"named": {},
"numeric": []
}
}
],
"link": "/futureofyou/434763/video-games-may-affect-the-brain-differently-depending-on-what-you-play",
"authors": [
"byline_futureofyou_434763"
],
"categories": [
"futureofyou_1",
"futureofyou_1061"
],
"tags": [
"futureofyou_56",
"futureofyou_1275",
"futureofyou_162"
],
"featImg": "futureofyou_434764",
"label": "futureofyou"
},
"futureofyou_415148": {
"type": "posts",
"id": "futureofyou_415148",
"meta": {
"index": "posts_1716263798",
"site": "futureofyou",
"id": "415148",
"score": null,
"sort": [
1498660244000
]
},
"parent": 0,
"labelTerm": {
"site": "futureofyou"
},
"blocks": [],
"publishDate": 1498660244,
"format": "standard",
"disqusTitle": "Researcher Explains What 'Inside Out' Got Wrong About Emotions",
"title": "Researcher Explains What 'Inside Out' Got Wrong About Emotions",
"headTitle": "KQED Future of You | KQED Science",
"content": "\u003cp>Everything you thought you knew about the brain and emotions is basically wrong, says \u003ca href=\"http://www.northeastern.edu/cos/faculty/lisa-feldman-barrett/\">Lisa Feldman Barrett\u003c/a>, a distinguished professor of psychology at Northeastern University. Unlike the portrayal in the Pixar movie \"Inside Out,\" we don’t experience happiness, sadness, disgust, anger and other feelings as simple reactions to events, or even as discrete emotions.\u003c/p>\n\u003caside class=\"pullquote alignright\">'There are some emotions that some cultures have that other cultures don’t.' \u003c/aside>\n\u003cp>Rather, we construct our emotions from past experiences and vary them based on input, Barrett says. The brain constructs emotions the same way it creates experiences of color based on wavelengths of light. When the brain processes new life experience, it produces new variations in emotion.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Barrett \u003ca href=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/forum/2017/04/11/emotions-are-a-construct-of-the-brain-says-psychologist-lisa-feldman-barrett/\">recently spoke with\u003c/a> Michael Krasny, the host of KQED’s Forum radio show, to discuss why law enforcement’s playbook for \"reading\" emotions in body language is flawed, why particular emotions improve memory and keep the brain young, and how an autistic brain processes emotions differently from a neurotypical one. Her new book, “\u003ca href=\"https://www.panmacmillan.com/authors/lisa-feldman-barrett/how-emotions-are-made\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">How Emotions are Made: The Secret Life of the Brain\u003c/a>,” explores these questions in depth.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Here are some excerpts from Barrett’s answers on the show, edited for length and readability.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Emotions Reside Everywhere – And Nowhere – in the Brain\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Scientists have been looking for the brain neurons that are devoted to sadness or fear for more than a century, and they haven’t been able to find them. Scientists used to believe that neurons embedded in the amygdala were the home of fear, for example.\u003c/p>\n\u003caside class=\"pullquote alignright\">'When it comes to emotion, variation is the norm – and every biological measure tells us that this is the case.'\u003c/aside>\n\u003cp>But we know that people can experience fear without a fully formed amygdala. And exactly the same networks are used when you’re angry, when you’re happy, when you’re thinking and remembering and so forth.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>We’ve done a meta-analysis, finding every published paper, every brain imaging study where scientists are peering into the brain when people experience anger or fear or sadness. We statistically combined this result and found that there is no set of neurons anywhere in the brain, no region, that is dedicated to any single emotion.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>When It Comes to Body Language, ‘Reading’ Emotions Can Be Misleading\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Scientists have been searching for the physical pattern for anger or sadness \u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">— \u003c/span>does your heart rate rise? Do you sweat? Do you frown? Do you smile? Different patterns in different emotions. So, the stereotype of anger is that you scowl, your cheeks get red, your blood pressure goes up, maybe you start to breathe more quickly.\u003c/p>\n\u003caside class=\"pullquote alignright\">'If you cultivate new experiences of gratitude or of awe, or even of anger ... you are seeding your brain to have more control, more choice, the next time you’re in a similar situation.'\u003c/aside>\n\u003cp>But scientists have discovered that people do lots of things in anger. People can tremble in anger, jump in anger. They can scream in anger. They can even laugh in the face of anger. Similarly, people smile when they’re sad. They scream when they’re happy. When it comes to emotion, variation is the norm \u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">— \u003c/span>and every biological measure tells us that this is the case.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>What we know about the research is that there is a particular kind of experimental method that when you use it, can make it look as if everybody scowls in anger and can recognize others scowling in anger. But when you use methods that mirror what people do in everyday life a bit better, you see that people don’t make a single expression in anger\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Our Brains ‘Construct’ Emotions By Guessing\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Perceivers are making guesses in the blink of an eye about what the facial movements mean. And understanding that you’re really guessing really changes how you read emotion in other people.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Our brain is using our past experiences to automatically guess what a facial movement means in terms of emotion. Brains are organized in a way that allows you to predict. So every sight, every smell, everything you experience including emotion, your brain is making a prediction, using past experience, about what sensations are going to happen next. And then it uses the input from the world and from your body to either confirm the experience, or to change those predictions. [contextly_sidebar id=\"Mirfbm4R13idJYXpyHxaAsSdAJIDMos4\"]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Pain is a really interesting example. Scientists who study pain have defined it as an emotion. There are sensations, and your brain is trying to make sense of where those sensations come from. An ache in your body, for example, can be disgust, can be longing for someone that you miss. It can be anger. It can also be hunger. It can be nausea, or simple fatigue. Your brain is constantly guessing, and using your past experience, it usually guesses pretty well.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Harnessing the Brain’s Predictive Capacities to Alter Your Emotions\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>You can use to your advantage that variation is the norm, in that you can cultivate new experiences of emotion. So if it’s the case that your brain is using past experience to construct your experiences in the present, then anything new that you construct in the present will seed your brain to construct those experiences more effortlessly in the future.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>So if you cultivate new experiences of gratitude or of awe, or even of anger\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">— \u003c/span> where what your body feels like is different, but also what you do is different \u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">— \u003c/span>then you are seeding your brain to have more control, more choice, the next time you’re in a similar situation.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Emotions Are Subject to Cultural Variation\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Sometimes an emotion like sadness can mean something very different in one culture than another. And there are some emotions that some cultures have that other cultures don’t. So for example, there’s an emotion, \"gezellig,\" a Dutch word that means to feel coziness and comfort with those whom you love. It’s not that we can’t make that emotion, but our brains have to take experiences from the past and combine them in new ways to make that experience. This is what cognitive scientists call “conceptual combination.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>You and I can make \"gezellig,\" but look at how long it’s taken for me to describe it to you.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>How Pushing Through Discomfort Keeps the Brain Young\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>We were doing research on the ways in which feelings influence memory, because we know that there aren’t dedicated parts of the brain for memory or for feeling. So it seemed evident that as people age, they rely more on their feelings as a guide for what to pay attention to and what to remember.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>So we were running these experiments and what was noticed was in our sample of elderly participants, people over 65, about half of them on standard tests for memory in a way that was indistinguishable from the average 25-year-old. We found this to be exciting, because we’re really interested in trying to understand what the contributions are to successful aging.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>We were doing brain imaging studies and we noticed a whole suite of brain regions that were not just thicker but also better connected in these “super-agers” when compared to the typical elderly participant. And then when we compared the “super-agers'’” brains to young people, we noticed no differences. So not only did they have youthful memory, they had youthful brains.\u003c/p>\n\u003caside class=\"pullquote alignright\">'Your brain is constantly guessing, and using your past experience, it usually guesses pretty well.’\u003c/aside>\n\u003cp>This makes a link between how well your brain is controlling the systems of your body and how good your memory is. These regions are also good for creating the simple feelings of pleasantness and unpleasantness that come from your body. What we think is going on is that super-agers have really good memories because when they start to feel uncomfortable in doing a hard task, instead of stopping, super-agers take this feeling of yuckiness as a cue to work harder. Discomfort may be a sign of weakness leaving the brain. So if you work hard and push through the yuck, we think the likelihood is that will be very good for your memory.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>The Connection Between Emotions and Treating Autism\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>There are studies that have children or adolescents on the autism spectrum, where they teach children to recognize a scowl as anger, to recognize a pout as sadness, and so on. But their ability to learn these faces does not translate into improved social and emotional functioning in everyday life. The reason why is, people rarely scowl in anger and they rarely pout in sadness.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Scientists have known all along that this training in stereotypes is not going to prepare kids for social and emotional functioning in the real world.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad floatright]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>What’s interesting about brains of individuals who are on the autism spectrum is that unlike a neurotypical brain, which uses past experience to predict what’s about to happen, brains of people who are on the autistic spectrum aren’t structured to predict very well. As a consequence, they have very high levels of anxiety, because they’re unable to make sense of a lot of the sensory information in their world.\u003c/p>\n\n",
"disqusIdentifier": "415148 https://ww2.kqed.org/futureofyou/?p=415148",
"disqusUrl": "https://ww2.kqed.org/futureofyou/2017/06/28/researcher-explains-what-inside-out-got-wrong-about-emotions/",
"stats": {
"hasVideo": false,
"hasChartOrMap": false,
"hasAudio": false,
"hasPolis": false,
"wordCount": 1601,
"hasGoogleForm": false,
"hasGallery": false,
"hasHearkenModule": false,
"iframeSrcs": [],
"paragraphCount": 33
},
"modified": 1498613104,
"excerpt": "Our brains 'construct' emotions based on past experiences and predictions. Which means we can also cultivate new, helpful emotions, says psychologist Lisa Feldman Barrett. ",
"headData": {
"twImgId": "",
"twTitle": "",
"ogTitle": "",
"ogImgId": "",
"twDescription": "",
"description": "Our brains 'construct' emotions based on past experiences and predictions. Which means we can also cultivate new, helpful emotions, says psychologist Lisa Feldman Barrett. ",
"title": "Researcher Explains What 'Inside Out' Got Wrong About Emotions | KQED",
"ogDescription": "",
"schema": {
"@context": "https://schema.org",
"@type": "Article",
"headline": "Researcher Explains What 'Inside Out' Got Wrong About Emotions",
"datePublished": "2017-06-28T07:30:44-07:00",
"dateModified": "2017-06-27T18:25:04-07:00",
"image": "https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2020/02/KQED-OG-Image@1x.png"
}
},
"guestAuthors": [],
"slug": "researcher-explains-what-inside-out-got-wrong-about-emotions",
"status": "publish",
"path": "/futureofyou/415148/researcher-explains-what-inside-out-got-wrong-about-emotions",
"audioTrackLength": null,
"parsedContent": [
{
"type": "contentString",
"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>Everything you thought you knew about the brain and emotions is basically wrong, says \u003ca href=\"http://www.northeastern.edu/cos/faculty/lisa-feldman-barrett/\">Lisa Feldman Barrett\u003c/a>, a distinguished professor of psychology at Northeastern University. Unlike the portrayal in the Pixar movie \"Inside Out,\" we don’t experience happiness, sadness, disgust, anger and other feelings as simple reactions to events, or even as discrete emotions.\u003c/p>\n\u003caside class=\"pullquote alignright\">'There are some emotions that some cultures have that other cultures don’t.' \u003c/aside>\n\u003cp>Rather, we construct our emotions from past experiences and vary them based on input, Barrett says. The brain constructs emotions the same way it creates experiences of color based on wavelengths of light. When the brain processes new life experience, it produces new variations in emotion.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Barrett \u003ca href=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/forum/2017/04/11/emotions-are-a-construct-of-the-brain-says-psychologist-lisa-feldman-barrett/\">recently spoke with\u003c/a> Michael Krasny, the host of KQED’s Forum radio show, to discuss why law enforcement’s playbook for \"reading\" emotions in body language is flawed, why particular emotions improve memory and keep the brain young, and how an autistic brain processes emotions differently from a neurotypical one. Her new book, “\u003ca href=\"https://www.panmacmillan.com/authors/lisa-feldman-barrett/how-emotions-are-made\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">How Emotions are Made: The Secret Life of the Brain\u003c/a>,” explores these questions in depth.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Here are some excerpts from Barrett’s answers on the show, edited for length and readability.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Emotions Reside Everywhere – And Nowhere – in the Brain\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
"attributes": {
"named": {},
"numeric": []
}
},
{
"type": "component",
"content": "",
"name": "ad",
"attributes": {
"named": {
"label": "fullwidth"
},
"numeric": [
"fullwidth"
]
}
},
{
"type": "contentString",
"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Scientists have been looking for the brain neurons that are devoted to sadness or fear for more than a century, and they haven’t been able to find them. Scientists used to believe that neurons embedded in the amygdala were the home of fear, for example.\u003c/p>\n\u003caside class=\"pullquote alignright\">'When it comes to emotion, variation is the norm – and every biological measure tells us that this is the case.'\u003c/aside>\n\u003cp>But we know that people can experience fear without a fully formed amygdala. And exactly the same networks are used when you’re angry, when you’re happy, when you’re thinking and remembering and so forth.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>We’ve done a meta-analysis, finding every published paper, every brain imaging study where scientists are peering into the brain when people experience anger or fear or sadness. We statistically combined this result and found that there is no set of neurons anywhere in the brain, no region, that is dedicated to any single emotion.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>When It Comes to Body Language, ‘Reading’ Emotions Can Be Misleading\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Scientists have been searching for the physical pattern for anger or sadness \u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">— \u003c/span>does your heart rate rise? Do you sweat? Do you frown? Do you smile? Different patterns in different emotions. So, the stereotype of anger is that you scowl, your cheeks get red, your blood pressure goes up, maybe you start to breathe more quickly.\u003c/p>\n\u003caside class=\"pullquote alignright\">'If you cultivate new experiences of gratitude or of awe, or even of anger ... you are seeding your brain to have more control, more choice, the next time you’re in a similar situation.'\u003c/aside>\n\u003cp>But scientists have discovered that people do lots of things in anger. People can tremble in anger, jump in anger. They can scream in anger. They can even laugh in the face of anger. Similarly, people smile when they’re sad. They scream when they’re happy. When it comes to emotion, variation is the norm \u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">— \u003c/span>and every biological measure tells us that this is the case.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>What we know about the research is that there is a particular kind of experimental method that when you use it, can make it look as if everybody scowls in anger and can recognize others scowling in anger. But when you use methods that mirror what people do in everyday life a bit better, you see that people don’t make a single expression in anger\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Our Brains ‘Construct’ Emotions By Guessing\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Perceivers are making guesses in the blink of an eye about what the facial movements mean. And understanding that you’re really guessing really changes how you read emotion in other people.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Our brain is using our past experiences to automatically guess what a facial movement means in terms of emotion. Brains are organized in a way that allows you to predict. So every sight, every smell, everything you experience including emotion, your brain is making a prediction, using past experience, about what sensations are going to happen next. And then it uses the input from the world and from your body to either confirm the experience, or to change those predictions. \u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Pain is a really interesting example. Scientists who study pain have defined it as an emotion. There are sensations, and your brain is trying to make sense of where those sensations come from. An ache in your body, for example, can be disgust, can be longing for someone that you miss. It can be anger. It can also be hunger. It can be nausea, or simple fatigue. Your brain is constantly guessing, and using your past experience, it usually guesses pretty well.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Harnessing the Brain’s Predictive Capacities to Alter Your Emotions\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>You can use to your advantage that variation is the norm, in that you can cultivate new experiences of emotion. So if it’s the case that your brain is using past experience to construct your experiences in the present, then anything new that you construct in the present will seed your brain to construct those experiences more effortlessly in the future.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>So if you cultivate new experiences of gratitude or of awe, or even of anger\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">— \u003c/span> where what your body feels like is different, but also what you do is different \u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">— \u003c/span>then you are seeding your brain to have more control, more choice, the next time you’re in a similar situation.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Emotions Are Subject to Cultural Variation\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Sometimes an emotion like sadness can mean something very different in one culture than another. And there are some emotions that some cultures have that other cultures don’t. So for example, there’s an emotion, \"gezellig,\" a Dutch word that means to feel coziness and comfort with those whom you love. It’s not that we can’t make that emotion, but our brains have to take experiences from the past and combine them in new ways to make that experience. This is what cognitive scientists call “conceptual combination.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>You and I can make \"gezellig,\" but look at how long it’s taken for me to describe it to you.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>How Pushing Through Discomfort Keeps the Brain Young\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>We were doing research on the ways in which feelings influence memory, because we know that there aren’t dedicated parts of the brain for memory or for feeling. So it seemed evident that as people age, they rely more on their feelings as a guide for what to pay attention to and what to remember.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>So we were running these experiments and what was noticed was in our sample of elderly participants, people over 65, about half of them on standard tests for memory in a way that was indistinguishable from the average 25-year-old. We found this to be exciting, because we’re really interested in trying to understand what the contributions are to successful aging.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>We were doing brain imaging studies and we noticed a whole suite of brain regions that were not just thicker but also better connected in these “super-agers” when compared to the typical elderly participant. And then when we compared the “super-agers'’” brains to young people, we noticed no differences. So not only did they have youthful memory, they had youthful brains.\u003c/p>\n\u003caside class=\"pullquote alignright\">'Your brain is constantly guessing, and using your past experience, it usually guesses pretty well.’\u003c/aside>\n\u003cp>This makes a link between how well your brain is controlling the systems of your body and how good your memory is. These regions are also good for creating the simple feelings of pleasantness and unpleasantness that come from your body. What we think is going on is that super-agers have really good memories because when they start to feel uncomfortable in doing a hard task, instead of stopping, super-agers take this feeling of yuckiness as a cue to work harder. Discomfort may be a sign of weakness leaving the brain. So if you work hard and push through the yuck, we think the likelihood is that will be very good for your memory.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>The Connection Between Emotions and Treating Autism\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>There are studies that have children or adolescents on the autism spectrum, where they teach children to recognize a scowl as anger, to recognize a pout as sadness, and so on. But their ability to learn these faces does not translate into improved social and emotional functioning in everyday life. The reason why is, people rarely scowl in anger and they rarely pout in sadness.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Scientists have known all along that this training in stereotypes is not going to prepare kids for social and emotional functioning in the real world.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
"attributes": {
"named": {},
"numeric": []
}
},
{
"type": "component",
"content": "",
"name": "ad",
"attributes": {
"named": {
"label": "floatright"
},
"numeric": [
"floatright"
]
}
},
{
"type": "contentString",
"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>What’s interesting about brains of individuals who are on the autism spectrum is that unlike a neurotypical brain, which uses past experience to predict what’s about to happen, brains of people who are on the autistic spectrum aren’t structured to predict very well. As a consequence, they have very high levels of anxiety, because they’re unable to make sense of a lot of the sensory information in their world.\u003c/p>\n\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>",
"attributes": {
"named": {},
"numeric": []
}
}
],
"link": "/futureofyou/415148/researcher-explains-what-inside-out-got-wrong-about-emotions",
"authors": [
"8664"
],
"categories": [
"futureofyou_1"
],
"tags": [
"futureofyou_555",
"futureofyou_1316",
"futureofyou_56",
"futureofyou_1314",
"futureofyou_1275",
"futureofyou_1315",
"futureofyou_1317"
],
"featImg": "futureofyou_415174",
"label": "futureofyou"
},
"futureofyou_262412": {
"type": "posts",
"id": "futureofyou_262412",
"meta": {
"index": "posts_1716263798",
"site": "futureofyou",
"id": "262412",
"score": null,
"sort": [
1478097022000
]
},
"parent": 0,
"labelTerm": {
"site": "futureofyou"
},
"blocks": [],
"publishDate": 1478097022,
"format": "audio",
"disqusTitle": "All That Multitasking is Harming, Not Helping Your Productivity. Here's Why",
"title": "All That Multitasking is Harming, Not Helping Your Productivity. Here's Why",
"headTitle": "KQED Future of You | KQED Science",
"content": "\u003cp>I'll admit it. I even take my phone with me to fire off a few texts when I go to the restroom. Or I'll scroll through my email when I leave the office for lunch. My eyes are often glued to my phone from the moment I wake up, but I often reach the end of my days wondering what I've accomplished.\u003c/p>\n\u003caside class=\"alignright\">\n\u003ch2>Tips for Productivity at Work\u003c/h2>\n\u003cul>\n\u003cli>Start by clearing off your work space. Remove mobile devices and any extraneous papers.\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>Use one computer screen. Shut down all unnecessary programs and apps. Open one browser and use only one tab.\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>Turn off email.\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>Set expectations. Tell your boss you’re going offline for a while. Or, set an auto response for both your texts and emails explaining that you’ll be offline for a set period of time.\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>Work in a quiet environment devoid of people. If you must work in a coffee shop use noise-cancelling headphones.\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>Display a “no interruption zone” at your desk or on your office door.\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>Check out helpful apps like SelfControl, Freedom, or FocusMe\u003c/li>\n\u003c/ul>\n\u003c/aside>\n\u003cp>My productivity mystery was solved after reading “The Distracted Mind: Ancient Brains in a High Tech World,\" by University of California, San Francisco neuroscientist Dr. \u003ca href=\"http://gazzaleylab.ucsf.edu/people-profiles/adam-gazzaley/\">Adam Gazzaley \u003c/a>and California State University, Dominguez Hills professor emeritus Larry Rosen. The book explains why the brain can't multitask, and why my near-obsessive efforts to keep up on emails is likely lowering my productive output.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>How the Digital Age Zaps Productivity\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>I visited Gazzaley in his UCSF laboratory, Neuroscape, to learn more about the science of distraction. Gazzaley pulled up, on a TV screen, a 3-D image of a brain, created from an MRI Scan. He pointed to different sections to explain what's going on when our attention flits between tasks.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[contextly_sidebar id=\"mQNeLsl599Zl2MgROKE009FDdid0LEJr\"]\"The prefrontal cortex is the area most challenged,\" Gazzely says. \"And then visual areas, auditory areas, and the hippocampus — these networks are really what's challenged when we are constantly switching between multiple tasks that our technological world might throw at us.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003caside class=\"pullquote alignright\">If you're working on a project and you stop to answer an email, research shows, it will take you nearly a half-hour to get back on task.\u003c/aside>\n\u003cp>When you engage in one task at a time, the prefrontal cortex works in harmony with other parts of the brain, but when you toss in another task it forces the left and right sides of the brain to work independently. The process of splitting our attention usually leads to mistakes.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In other words, each time our eyes glance away from our computer monitor to sneak a peak at a text message, the brain takes in new information, which reduces our primary focus. We \u003cem>think\u003c/em> the mind can juggle two or three activities successfully at once, but Gazzaley says we woefully overestimate our ability to multitask.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"An example is when you attempt to check your email while on a conference call,\" says Gazzaley. \"The act of doing that makes it so incredibly obvious how you can't really parallel process two attention-demanding tasks. You either have to catch up and ask what happened in the conversation, or you have to read over the email before you send it — if you're wise!\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Answering an Email Takes A Lot Longer Than You Think\u003cbr>\n\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Gazzaley stresses that our tendency to respond immediately to emails and texts hinders high-level thinking. If you're working on a project and you stop to answer an email, the \u003ca href=\"http://research.microsoft.com/en-us/um/people/horvitz/CHI_2007_Iqbal_Horvitz.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">research\u003c/a> shows, it will take you nearly a half-hour to get back on task.\u003c/p>\n\u003caside class=\"pullquote alignright\">Research has found that high-tech jugglers struggle to pay attention, recall information, or complete one task at a time.\u003c/aside>\n\u003cp>\"When a focused stream of thought is interrupted it needs to be reset,\" explains Gazzaley. \"You can't just press a button and switch back to it. You have to re-engage those thought processes, and recreate all the elements of what you were engaged in. That takes time, and frequently one interruption leads to another.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In other words, repetitively switching tasks lowers performance and productivity because your brain can only fully and efficiently focus on one thing at a time.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_262693\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 800px\">\u003cimg class=\"size-medium wp-image-262693\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/futureofyou/wp-content/uploads/sites/13/2016/10/Gazzeley-800x600.jpg\" alt=\"When UCSF neuroscientist Adam Gazzeley needs to focus on a high level project he clears his desk, works on one screen and turns off all distracting digital devices.\" width=\"800\" height=\"600\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/13/2016/10/Gazzeley-800x600.jpg 800w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/13/2016/10/Gazzeley-400x300.jpg 400w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/13/2016/10/Gazzeley-768x576.jpg 768w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/13/2016/10/Gazzeley-1180x885.jpg 1180w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/13/2016/10/Gazzeley-1920x1440.jpg 1920w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/13/2016/10/Gazzeley-960x720.jpg 960w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">When UCSF neuroscientist Adam Gazzeley needs to focus on a high level project he clears his desk, works on one screen and turns off all distracting digital devices. \u003ccite>(Sierra Niblett )\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Plus, \u003ca href=\"http://journalistsresource.org/studies/society/social-media/multitasking-social-media-distraction-what-does-research-say\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">mounting evidence\u003c/a> shows that multitasking could impair the brain's cognitive abilities. \u003ca href=\"http://news.stanford.edu/2009/08/24/multitask-research-study-082409/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">Stanford researchers\u003c/a> studied the minds of people who regularly engage in several digital communication streams at once. They found that high-tech jugglers struggle to pay attention, recall information, or complete one task at a time.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“When they’re in situations where there are multiple sources of information coming from the external world or emerging out of memory, they’re not able to filter out what’s not relevant to their current goal,” says Stanford neuroscientist\u003ca href=\"https://psychology.stanford.edu/awagner\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\"> Anthony Wagner\u003c/a>. “That failure to filter means they’re slowed down by that irrelevant information.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The researchers are still studying what's causing multitaskers to perform poorly on cognitive tests. It could be that they are born with an inability to concentrate, or digital distractions are taking a toll. In any case, the researchers believe the minds of multitaskers are not performing optimally.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>And the habit of multitasking could lower your score on an IQ test, according to researchers at the \u003ca href=\"http://discovery.ucl.ac.uk/1465496/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">University of London\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Creating Digital Boundaries\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But don't worry. Gazzaley says. It’s not about opting out of technology. In fact, there's a time and place for multitasking. If you’re in the midst of a mundane task that just has to get done, it’s probably not detrimental to have your phone nearby or a bunch of tabs open. The distractions may reduce boredom and help you stay engaged. But if you’re finishing a business plan, or a high-level writing project, then it’s a good idea to set yourself up to stay focused.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Check out Gazzaley's tips for turning off distractions in the sidebar above.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad floatright]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Now, get back to work!\u003c/p>\n\n",
"disqusIdentifier": "262412 http://ww2.kqed.org/futureofyou/?p=262412",
"disqusUrl": "https://ww2.kqed.org/futureofyou/2016/11/02/your-devices-are-probably-lowering-your-productivity-heres-why/",
"stats": {
"hasVideo": false,
"hasChartOrMap": false,
"hasAudio": false,
"hasPolis": false,
"wordCount": 1061,
"hasGoogleForm": false,
"hasGallery": false,
"hasHearkenModule": false,
"iframeSrcs": [],
"paragraphCount": 22
},
"modified": 1504652665,
"excerpt": "UCSF neuroscientist Adam Gazzaley says our brains can't multitask, and when we try to force them to, we lose focus. ",
"headData": {
"twImgId": "",
"twTitle": "",
"ogTitle": "",
"ogImgId": "",
"twDescription": "",
"description": "UCSF neuroscientist Adam Gazzaley says our brains can't multitask, and when we try to force them to, we lose focus. ",
"title": "All That Multitasking is Harming, Not Helping Your Productivity. Here's Why | KQED",
"ogDescription": "",
"schema": {
"@context": "https://schema.org",
"@type": "Article",
"headline": "All That Multitasking is Harming, Not Helping Your Productivity. Here's Why",
"datePublished": "2016-11-02T07:30:22-07:00",
"dateModified": "2017-09-05T16:04:25-07:00",
"image": "https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2020/02/KQED-OG-Image@1x.png"
}
},
"guestAuthors": [],
"slug": "your-devices-are-probably-lowering-your-productivity-heres-why",
"status": "publish",
"customPermalink": "2016/10/17/your-devices-are-probably-lowering-your-productivity-heres-why/",
"audioUrl": "http://www.kqed.org/.stream/anon/radio/science/2016/10/WEBGazzaleyTwoWay161017.mp3",
"path": "/futureofyou/262412/your-devices-are-probably-lowering-your-productivity-heres-why",
"audioTrackLength": null,
"parsedContent": [
{
"type": "contentString",
"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>I'll admit it. I even take my phone with me to fire off a few texts when I go to the restroom. Or I'll scroll through my email when I leave the office for lunch. My eyes are often glued to my phone from the moment I wake up, but I often reach the end of my days wondering what I've accomplished.\u003c/p>\n\u003caside class=\"alignright\">\n\u003ch2>Tips for Productivity at Work\u003c/h2>\n\u003cul>\n\u003cli>Start by clearing off your work space. Remove mobile devices and any extraneous papers.\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>Use one computer screen. Shut down all unnecessary programs and apps. Open one browser and use only one tab.\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>Turn off email.\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>Set expectations. Tell your boss you’re going offline for a while. Or, set an auto response for both your texts and emails explaining that you’ll be offline for a set period of time.\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>Work in a quiet environment devoid of people. If you must work in a coffee shop use noise-cancelling headphones.\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>Display a “no interruption zone” at your desk or on your office door.\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>Check out helpful apps like SelfControl, Freedom, or FocusMe\u003c/li>\n\u003c/ul>\n\u003c/aside>\n\u003cp>My productivity mystery was solved after reading “The Distracted Mind: Ancient Brains in a High Tech World,\" by University of California, San Francisco neuroscientist Dr. \u003ca href=\"http://gazzaleylab.ucsf.edu/people-profiles/adam-gazzaley/\">Adam Gazzaley \u003c/a>and California State University, Dominguez Hills professor emeritus Larry Rosen. The book explains why the brain can't multitask, and why my near-obsessive efforts to keep up on emails is likely lowering my productive output.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>How the Digital Age Zaps Productivity\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>I visited Gazzaley in his UCSF laboratory, Neuroscape, to learn more about the science of distraction. Gazzaley pulled up, on a TV screen, a 3-D image of a brain, created from an MRI Scan. He pointed to different sections to explain what's going on when our attention flits between tasks.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003cp>\"The prefrontal cortex is the area most challenged,\" Gazzely says. \"And then visual areas, auditory areas, and the hippocampus — these networks are really what's challenged when we are constantly switching between multiple tasks that our technological world might throw at us.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003caside class=\"pullquote alignright\">If you're working on a project and you stop to answer an email, research shows, it will take you nearly a half-hour to get back on task.\u003c/aside>\n\u003cp>When you engage in one task at a time, the prefrontal cortex works in harmony with other parts of the brain, but when you toss in another task it forces the left and right sides of the brain to work independently. The process of splitting our attention usually leads to mistakes.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
"attributes": {
"named": {},
"numeric": []
}
},
{
"type": "component",
"content": "",
"name": "ad",
"attributes": {
"named": {
"label": "fullwidth"
},
"numeric": [
"fullwidth"
]
}
},
{
"type": "contentString",
"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In other words, each time our eyes glance away from our computer monitor to sneak a peak at a text message, the brain takes in new information, which reduces our primary focus. We \u003cem>think\u003c/em> the mind can juggle two or three activities successfully at once, but Gazzaley says we woefully overestimate our ability to multitask.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"An example is when you attempt to check your email while on a conference call,\" says Gazzaley. \"The act of doing that makes it so incredibly obvious how you can't really parallel process two attention-demanding tasks. You either have to catch up and ask what happened in the conversation, or you have to read over the email before you send it — if you're wise!\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Answering an Email Takes A Lot Longer Than You Think\u003cbr>\n\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Gazzaley stresses that our tendency to respond immediately to emails and texts hinders high-level thinking. If you're working on a project and you stop to answer an email, the \u003ca href=\"http://research.microsoft.com/en-us/um/people/horvitz/CHI_2007_Iqbal_Horvitz.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">research\u003c/a> shows, it will take you nearly a half-hour to get back on task.\u003c/p>\n\u003caside class=\"pullquote alignright\">Research has found that high-tech jugglers struggle to pay attention, recall information, or complete one task at a time.\u003c/aside>\n\u003cp>\"When a focused stream of thought is interrupted it needs to be reset,\" explains Gazzaley. \"You can't just press a button and switch back to it. You have to re-engage those thought processes, and recreate all the elements of what you were engaged in. That takes time, and frequently one interruption leads to another.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In other words, repetitively switching tasks lowers performance and productivity because your brain can only fully and efficiently focus on one thing at a time.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_262693\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 800px\">\u003cimg class=\"size-medium wp-image-262693\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/futureofyou/wp-content/uploads/sites/13/2016/10/Gazzeley-800x600.jpg\" alt=\"When UCSF neuroscientist Adam Gazzeley needs to focus on a high level project he clears his desk, works on one screen and turns off all distracting digital devices.\" width=\"800\" height=\"600\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/13/2016/10/Gazzeley-800x600.jpg 800w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/13/2016/10/Gazzeley-400x300.jpg 400w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/13/2016/10/Gazzeley-768x576.jpg 768w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/13/2016/10/Gazzeley-1180x885.jpg 1180w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/13/2016/10/Gazzeley-1920x1440.jpg 1920w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/13/2016/10/Gazzeley-960x720.jpg 960w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">When UCSF neuroscientist Adam Gazzeley needs to focus on a high level project he clears his desk, works on one screen and turns off all distracting digital devices. \u003ccite>(Sierra Niblett )\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Plus, \u003ca href=\"http://journalistsresource.org/studies/society/social-media/multitasking-social-media-distraction-what-does-research-say\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">mounting evidence\u003c/a> shows that multitasking could impair the brain's cognitive abilities. \u003ca href=\"http://news.stanford.edu/2009/08/24/multitask-research-study-082409/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">Stanford researchers\u003c/a> studied the minds of people who regularly engage in several digital communication streams at once. They found that high-tech jugglers struggle to pay attention, recall information, or complete one task at a time.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“When they’re in situations where there are multiple sources of information coming from the external world or emerging out of memory, they’re not able to filter out what’s not relevant to their current goal,” says Stanford neuroscientist\u003ca href=\"https://psychology.stanford.edu/awagner\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\"> Anthony Wagner\u003c/a>. “That failure to filter means they’re slowed down by that irrelevant information.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The researchers are still studying what's causing multitaskers to perform poorly on cognitive tests. It could be that they are born with an inability to concentrate, or digital distractions are taking a toll. In any case, the researchers believe the minds of multitaskers are not performing optimally.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>And the habit of multitasking could lower your score on an IQ test, according to researchers at the \u003ca href=\"http://discovery.ucl.ac.uk/1465496/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">University of London\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Creating Digital Boundaries\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But don't worry. Gazzaley says. It’s not about opting out of technology. In fact, there's a time and place for multitasking. If you’re in the midst of a mundane task that just has to get done, it’s probably not detrimental to have your phone nearby or a bunch of tabs open. The distractions may reduce boredom and help you stay engaged. But if you’re finishing a business plan, or a high-level writing project, then it’s a good idea to set yourself up to stay focused.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Check out Gazzaley's tips for turning off distractions in the sidebar above.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
"attributes": {
"named": {},
"numeric": []
}
},
{
"type": "component",
"content": "",
"name": "ad",
"attributes": {
"named": {
"label": "floatright"
},
"numeric": [
"floatright"
]
}
},
{
"type": "contentString",
"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Now, get back to work!\u003c/p>\n\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>",
"attributes": {
"named": {},
"numeric": []
}
}
],
"link": "/futureofyou/262412/your-devices-are-probably-lowering-your-productivity-heres-why",
"authors": [
"11229"
],
"categories": [
"futureofyou_452",
"futureofyou_73",
"futureofyou_1061"
],
"tags": [
"futureofyou_56",
"futureofyou_1103",
"futureofyou_80",
"futureofyou_59"
],
"featImg": "futureofyou_262413",
"label": "futureofyou"
},
"futureofyou_260662": {
"type": "posts",
"id": "futureofyou_260662",
"meta": {
"index": "posts_1716263798",
"site": "futureofyou",
"id": "260662",
"score": null,
"sort": [
1477328404000
]
},
"parent": 0,
"labelTerm": {
"site": "futureofyou"
},
"blocks": [],
"publishDate": 1477328404,
"format": "standard",
"disqusTitle": "'Help! My Phone Is Ruining My Life' -- 8 Tips for the Addicted",
"title": "'Help! My Phone Is Ruining My Life' -- 8 Tips for the Addicted",
"headTitle": "KQED Future of You | KQED Science",
"content": "\u003cp>We all know that texting while driving is \u003ca href=\"http://journalistsresource.org/studies/environment/transportation/multitasking-texting-and-distracted-driving-academics-discuss-the-cognitive-effects-and-risks\" target=\"_blank\">perilous\u003c/a> and answering a phone during a face to face conversation is rude. Many of us now understand that screen time before bed \u003ca href=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/futureofyou/2016/03/01/once-again-reminder-for-the-sleepless-quit-checking-your-email/\">inhibits sleep\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[contextly_sidebar id=\"eNzQ8IsiA6FljS77Q2owwiTNbjQ5luPK\"]And, as we recently \u003ca href=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/futureofyou/2016/10/17/your-devices-are-probably-lowering-your-productivity-heres-why/\" target=\"_blank\">reported\u003c/a>, we only \u003cem>think\u003c/em> we can multitask, when in fact \u003ca href=\"http://research.microsoft.com/en-us/um/people/horvitz/CHI_2007_Iqbal_Horvitz.pdf\" target=\"_blank\">research\u003c/a> shows the process of splitting our attention usually leads to delays and mistakes.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Yet, with all this awareness of how the digital world overwhelms us, breaking this destructive tether seems near impossible.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Does Your Heart Skip a Beat When Your Phone Dies?\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003caside class=\"alignright\">\u003ca href=\"#tips\">8 tips for detaching from your phone\u003c/a>\u003c/aside>\n\u003cp>If you need a little more incentive, though, research continues to pile up on the psychological effects of digital dependence. \u003cem>Smartphone separation anxiety--\u003c/em>that's actually a thing. Researchers are calling it \u003ca href=\"https://www.scientificamerican.com/article/scientists-study-nomophobia-mdash-fear-of-being-without-a-mobile-phone/\" target=\"_blank\">nomophobia\u003c/a> (no-mobile phone phobia), and Iowa State University academics have devised a \u003ca href=\"http://www.news.iastate.edu/news/2015/08/26/nomophobia\" target=\"_blank\">questionnaire\u003c/a> to diagnose it. (Rate on a scale of one to seven if \"Running out of battery in my smartphone would scare me.\")\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=vEEzoUeb15A\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Luckily, there are some practical strategies to break nomophobia and increase health and well-being. UCSF neuroscientist Dr. Adam Gazzeley and California State University, Dominguez Hills professor emeritus Larry D. Rosen offer tips in their new book, \"\u003ca href=\"https://mitpress.mit.edu/distracted\" target=\"_blank\">The Distracted Mind: Ancient Brains in a High Tech World\u003c/a>.\" We've categorized them into three areas.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003ca id=\"tips\">\u003c/a>\u003cb>Socializing\u003c/b>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Even though social media allows us to collect thousands of digital friends, our physical relationships are taking a hit. \u003ca href=\"http://eab.sagepub.com/content/early/2014/05/31/0013916514539755\" target=\"_blank\">Research \u003c/a>shows that digital devices are impacting closeness and connection with loved ones. One \u003ca href=\"http://spr.sagepub.com/content/30/3/237.full.pdf+html\" target=\"_blank\">study\u003c/a> found a correlation between the mere presence of a phone at the dinner table and a diminished sense of trust and empathy between individuals.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>Tips\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\u003cul>\n\u003cli>Declare places like the dining room to be technology-free zones.\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>When engaging in an important conversation, set a timer for a predetermined period during which you and the person you're talking to will refrain from checking your phones.\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>If you’re worried about missing urgent calls, then use an app like \u003ca href=\"https://play.google.com/store/apps/details?id=com.sifakas.essential.calls&hl=en\">Essential Calls\u003c/a> or \u003ca href=\"https://play.google.com/store/apps/details?id=com.noshufou.selectivesilence&hl=en\">Selective Silence\u003c/a> for Android devices, or Do Not Disturb coupled with the Allow Calls function on an iPhone.\u003c/li>\n\u003c/ul>\n\u003cp>\u003cb>Sleep\u003c/b>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>I used to think it was relaxing to scroll through my email or Facebook feed one last time before shutting my eyes at night, but screen time \u003ca href=\"https://sleep.org/articles/ways-technology-affects-sleep/\" target=\"_blank\">messes \u003c/a>with your sleep. The blue light emitted by a smartphone or tablet affects melatonin, a hormone that controls the natural sleep-wake cycle. Mounting \u003ca href=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/futureofyou/2016/03/01/once-again-reminder-for-the-sleepless-quit-checking-your-email/\" target=\"_blank\">evidence\u003c/a> has found that--unlike reading a book--online browsing stimulates the brain.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>Tips\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\u003cul>\n\u003cli>Remove your digital devices from the bedroom.\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>If that sounds impossible, a \u003ca href=\"http://www.journalsleep.org/Resources/Documents/2013AbstractSupplement.pdf\">Mayo clinic study\u003c/a> advises dimming devices and holding the screen at least 14 inches away from your face to reduce the blue light infiltrating your eyes, so as not to inhibit the release of melatonin.\u003c/li>\n\u003c/ul>\n\u003cp>\u003cb>Safe Driving\u003c/b>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>At 55 mph, taking your eyes off the road for five seconds to respond to a text message is the equivalent of driving 100 yards -- the length of a football field--with your eyes closed. Hand-free devices, you should consider, are not the solution; A recent \u003ca href=\"http://www.psychologicalscience.org/index.php/news/motr/even-hands-free-devices-are-dangerously-distracting.html\">study\u003c/a> revealed that drivers can remain distracted for up to 27 seconds after hanging up a call, even if it was enabled by a voice assistant.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The U.S. Department of Transportation \u003ca href=\"https://www.transportation.gov/tags/distracted-driving\">reports\u003c/a> that in 2013 distracted driving claimed 3,154 lives and injured an estimated 424,000 Americans, all of which were 100 percent preventable.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>Tips\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\u003cul>\n\u003cli>Leave your phone in your trunk with the Bluetooth off.\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>If that’s too much to bear, give your device to a passenger to monitor.\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>Apps can help. \u003ca href=\"http://www.getsafedrive.com/\">SafeDrive\u003c/a> gives you points when you restrict yourself from your phone while you're driving faster than 6 mph. You can use the points to receive discounts at participating stores. \u003ca href=\"https://drivemode.com/\">DriveMode\u003c/a> reads incoming messages by turning texts into audio. Parents can check out \u003ca href=\"https://www.cellcontrol.com/\">Cellcontro\u003c/a>l, DriveMode and \u003ca href=\"https://play.google.com/store/apps/details?id=com.call.disconnect&hl=en\">Live2Txt \u003c/a>for teens behind the wheel.\u003c/li>\n\u003c/ul>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Gazzeley says none of this is about opting out of technology. Rather, the point is to create boundaries and carve out time to focus on a single task. This means we will all have to stop responding every time our phone rings, dings or otherwise beckons.\u003c/p>\n\n",
"disqusIdentifier": "260662 http://ww2.kqed.org/futureofyou/?p=260662",
"disqusUrl": "https://ww2.kqed.org/futureofyou/2016/10/24/help-my-phone-is-ruining-my-life-8-tips-for-the-addicted/",
"stats": {
"hasVideo": true,
"hasChartOrMap": false,
"hasAudio": false,
"hasPolis": false,
"wordCount": 756,
"hasGoogleForm": false,
"hasGallery": false,
"hasHearkenModule": false,
"iframeSrcs": [],
"paragraphCount": 19
},
"modified": 1477332000,
"excerpt": "How to prevent your phone from endangering your safety, inhibiting your sleep and eroding your relationships. ",
"headData": {
"twImgId": "",
"twTitle": "",
"ogTitle": "",
"ogImgId": "",
"twDescription": "",
"description": "How to prevent your phone from endangering your safety, inhibiting your sleep and eroding your relationships. ",
"title": "'Help! My Phone Is Ruining My Life' -- 8 Tips for the Addicted | KQED",
"ogDescription": "",
"schema": {
"@context": "https://schema.org",
"@type": "Article",
"headline": "'Help! My Phone Is Ruining My Life' -- 8 Tips for the Addicted",
"datePublished": "2016-10-24T10:00:04-07:00",
"dateModified": "2016-10-24T11:00:00-07:00",
"image": "https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2020/02/KQED-OG-Image@1x.png"
}
},
"guestAuthors": [],
"slug": "help-my-phone-is-ruining-my-life-8-tips-for-the-addicted",
"status": "publish",
"customPermalink": "2016/10/19/help-my-phone-is-ruining-my-life-8-tips-for-the-addicted/",
"path": "/futureofyou/260662/help-my-phone-is-ruining-my-life-8-tips-for-the-addicted",
"audioTrackLength": null,
"parsedContent": [
{
"type": "contentString",
"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>We all know that texting while driving is \u003ca href=\"http://journalistsresource.org/studies/environment/transportation/multitasking-texting-and-distracted-driving-academics-discuss-the-cognitive-effects-and-risks\" target=\"_blank\">perilous\u003c/a> and answering a phone during a face to face conversation is rude. Many of us now understand that screen time before bed \u003ca href=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/futureofyou/2016/03/01/once-again-reminder-for-the-sleepless-quit-checking-your-email/\">inhibits sleep\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003cp>And, as we recently \u003ca href=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/futureofyou/2016/10/17/your-devices-are-probably-lowering-your-productivity-heres-why/\" target=\"_blank\">reported\u003c/a>, we only \u003cem>think\u003c/em> we can multitask, when in fact \u003ca href=\"http://research.microsoft.com/en-us/um/people/horvitz/CHI_2007_Iqbal_Horvitz.pdf\" target=\"_blank\">research\u003c/a> shows the process of splitting our attention usually leads to delays and mistakes.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Yet, with all this awareness of how the digital world overwhelms us, breaking this destructive tether seems near impossible.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Does Your Heart Skip a Beat When Your Phone Dies?\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003caside class=\"alignright\">\u003ca href=\"#tips\">8 tips for detaching from your phone\u003c/a>\u003c/aside>\n\u003cp>If you need a little more incentive, though, research continues to pile up on the psychological effects of digital dependence. \u003cem>Smartphone separation anxiety--\u003c/em>that's actually a thing. Researchers are calling it \u003ca href=\"https://www.scientificamerican.com/article/scientists-study-nomophobia-mdash-fear-of-being-without-a-mobile-phone/\" target=\"_blank\">nomophobia\u003c/a> (no-mobile phone phobia), and Iowa State University academics have devised a \u003ca href=\"http://www.news.iastate.edu/news/2015/08/26/nomophobia\" target=\"_blank\">questionnaire\u003c/a> to diagnose it. (Rate on a scale of one to seven if \"Running out of battery in my smartphone would scare me.\")\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
"attributes": {
"named": {},
"numeric": []
}
},
{
"type": "component",
"content": "",
"name": "ad",
"attributes": {
"named": {
"label": "fullwidth"
},
"numeric": [
"fullwidth"
]
}
},
{
"type": "contentString",
"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003cspan class='utils-parseShortcode-shortcodes-__youtubeShortcode__embedYoutube'>\n \u003cspan class='utils-parseShortcode-shortcodes-__youtubeShortcode__embedYoutubeInside'>\n \u003ciframe\n loading='lazy'\n class='utils-parseShortcode-shortcodes-__youtubeShortcode__youtubePlayer'\n type='text/html'\n src='//www.youtube.com/embed/vEEzoUeb15A'\n title='//www.youtube.com/embed/vEEzoUeb15A'\n allowfullscreen='true'\n style='border:0;'>\u003c/iframe>\n \u003c/span>\n \u003c/span>\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003cp>Luckily, there are some practical strategies to break nomophobia and increase health and well-being. UCSF neuroscientist Dr. Adam Gazzeley and California State University, Dominguez Hills professor emeritus Larry D. Rosen offer tips in their new book, \"\u003ca href=\"https://mitpress.mit.edu/distracted\" target=\"_blank\">The Distracted Mind: Ancient Brains in a High Tech World\u003c/a>.\" We've categorized them into three areas.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003ca id=\"tips\">\u003c/a>\u003cb>Socializing\u003c/b>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Even though social media allows us to collect thousands of digital friends, our physical relationships are taking a hit. \u003ca href=\"http://eab.sagepub.com/content/early/2014/05/31/0013916514539755\" target=\"_blank\">Research \u003c/a>shows that digital devices are impacting closeness and connection with loved ones. One \u003ca href=\"http://spr.sagepub.com/content/30/3/237.full.pdf+html\" target=\"_blank\">study\u003c/a> found a correlation between the mere presence of a phone at the dinner table and a diminished sense of trust and empathy between individuals.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>Tips\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\u003cul>\n\u003cli>Declare places like the dining room to be technology-free zones.\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>When engaging in an important conversation, set a timer for a predetermined period during which you and the person you're talking to will refrain from checking your phones.\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>If you’re worried about missing urgent calls, then use an app like \u003ca href=\"https://play.google.com/store/apps/details?id=com.sifakas.essential.calls&hl=en\">Essential Calls\u003c/a> or \u003ca href=\"https://play.google.com/store/apps/details?id=com.noshufou.selectivesilence&hl=en\">Selective Silence\u003c/a> for Android devices, or Do Not Disturb coupled with the Allow Calls function on an iPhone.\u003c/li>\n\u003c/ul>\n\u003cp>\u003cb>Sleep\u003c/b>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>I used to think it was relaxing to scroll through my email or Facebook feed one last time before shutting my eyes at night, but screen time \u003ca href=\"https://sleep.org/articles/ways-technology-affects-sleep/\" target=\"_blank\">messes \u003c/a>with your sleep. The blue light emitted by a smartphone or tablet affects melatonin, a hormone that controls the natural sleep-wake cycle. Mounting \u003ca href=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/futureofyou/2016/03/01/once-again-reminder-for-the-sleepless-quit-checking-your-email/\" target=\"_blank\">evidence\u003c/a> has found that--unlike reading a book--online browsing stimulates the brain.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>Tips\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\u003cul>\n\u003cli>Remove your digital devices from the bedroom.\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>If that sounds impossible, a \u003ca href=\"http://www.journalsleep.org/Resources/Documents/2013AbstractSupplement.pdf\">Mayo clinic study\u003c/a> advises dimming devices and holding the screen at least 14 inches away from your face to reduce the blue light infiltrating your eyes, so as not to inhibit the release of melatonin.\u003c/li>\n\u003c/ul>\n\u003cp>\u003cb>Safe Driving\u003c/b>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>At 55 mph, taking your eyes off the road for five seconds to respond to a text message is the equivalent of driving 100 yards -- the length of a football field--with your eyes closed. Hand-free devices, you should consider, are not the solution; A recent \u003ca href=\"http://www.psychologicalscience.org/index.php/news/motr/even-hands-free-devices-are-dangerously-distracting.html\">study\u003c/a> revealed that drivers can remain distracted for up to 27 seconds after hanging up a call, even if it was enabled by a voice assistant.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The U.S. Department of Transportation \u003ca href=\"https://www.transportation.gov/tags/distracted-driving\">reports\u003c/a> that in 2013 distracted driving claimed 3,154 lives and injured an estimated 424,000 Americans, all of which were 100 percent preventable.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>Tips\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\u003cul>\n\u003cli>Leave your phone in your trunk with the Bluetooth off.\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>If that’s too much to bear, give your device to a passenger to monitor.\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>Apps can help. \u003ca href=\"http://www.getsafedrive.com/\">SafeDrive\u003c/a> gives you points when you restrict yourself from your phone while you're driving faster than 6 mph. You can use the points to receive discounts at participating stores. \u003ca href=\"https://drivemode.com/\">DriveMode\u003c/a> reads incoming messages by turning texts into audio. Parents can check out \u003ca href=\"https://www.cellcontrol.com/\">Cellcontro\u003c/a>l, DriveMode and \u003ca href=\"https://play.google.com/store/apps/details?id=com.call.disconnect&hl=en\">Live2Txt \u003c/a>for teens behind the wheel.\u003c/li>\n\u003c/ul>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Gazzeley says none of this is about opting out of technology. Rather, the point is to create boundaries and carve out time to focus on a single task. This means we will all have to stop responding every time our phone rings, dings or otherwise beckons.\u003c/p>\n\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>",
"attributes": {
"named": {},
"numeric": []
}
}
],
"link": "/futureofyou/260662/help-my-phone-is-ruining-my-life-8-tips-for-the-addicted",
"authors": [
"11229"
],
"categories": [
"futureofyou_1"
],
"tags": [
"futureofyou_56",
"futureofyou_1103",
"futureofyou_469",
"futureofyou_1107",
"futureofyou_80",
"futureofyou_59",
"futureofyou_1108"
],
"featImg": "futureofyou_266209",
"label": "futureofyou"
}
},
"podcastsReducer": {
"isFetching": false,
"fetchFailed": false,
"hasFetched": false,
"podcasts": {}
},
"radioProgramsReducer": {
"isFetching": false,
"fetchFailed": false,
"hasFetched": false,
"radioPrograms": {}
},
"radioSearchSegmentsReducer": {},
"programsReducer": {
"all-things-considered": {
"id": "all-things-considered",
"title": "All Things Considered",
"info": "Every weekday, \u003cem>All Things Considered\u003c/em> hosts Robert Siegel, Audie Cornish, Ari Shapiro, and Kelly McEvers present the program's trademark mix of news, interviews, commentaries, reviews, and offbeat features. Michel Martin hosts on the weekends.",
"airtime": "MON-FRI 1pm-2pm, 4:30pm-6:30pm\u003cbr />SAT-SUN 5pm-6pm",
"imageSrc": "https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/04/All-Things-Considered-Podcast-Tile-360x360-1.jpg",
"officialWebsiteLink": "https://www.npr.org/programs/all-things-considered/",
"meta": {
"site": "news",
"source": "npr"
},
"link": "/radio/program/all-things-considered"
},
"american-suburb-podcast": {
"id": "american-suburb-podcast",
"title": "American Suburb: The Podcast",
"tagline": "The flip side of gentrification, told through one town",
"info": "Gentrification is changing cities across America, forcing people from neighborhoods they have long called home. Call them the displaced. Now those priced out of the Bay Area are looking for a better life in an unlikely place. American Suburb follows this migration to one California town along the Delta, 45 miles from San Francisco. But is this once sleepy suburb ready for them?",
"imageSrc": "https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/04/American-Suburb-Podcast-Tile-703x703-1.jpg",
"officialWebsiteLink": "/news/series/american-suburb-podcast",
"meta": {
"site": "news",
"source": "kqed",
"order": 19
},
"link": "/news/series/american-suburb-podcast/",
"subscribe": {
"npr": "https://rpb3r.app.goo.gl/RBrW",
"apple": "https://itunes.apple.com/WebObjects/MZStore.woa/wa/viewPodcast?mt=2&id=1287748328",
"tuneIn": "https://tunein.com/radio/American-Suburb-p1086805/",
"rss": "https://ww2.kqed.org/news/series/american-suburb-podcast/feed/podcast",
"google": "https://podcasts.google.com/feed/aHR0cHM6Ly9mZWVkcy5tZWdhcGhvbmUuZm0vS1FJTkMzMDExODgxNjA5"
}
},
"baycurious": {
"id": "baycurious",
"title": "Bay Curious",
"tagline": "Exploring the Bay Area, one question at a time",
"info": "KQED’s new podcast, Bay Curious, gets to the bottom of the mysteries — both profound and peculiar — that give the Bay Area its unique identity. And we’ll do it with your help! You ask the questions. You decide what Bay Curious investigates. And you join us on the journey to find the answers.",
"imageSrc": "https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/04/Bay-Curious-Podcast-Tile-703x703-1.jpg",
"imageAlt": "KQED Bay Curious",
"officialWebsiteLink": "/news/series/baycurious",
"meta": {
"site": "news",
"source": "kqed",
"order": 3
},
"link": "/podcasts/baycurious",
"subscribe": {
"apple": "https://podcasts.apple.com/us/podcast/bay-curious/id1172473406",
"npr": "https://www.npr.org/podcasts/500557090/bay-curious",
"rss": "https://ww2.kqed.org/news/category/bay-curious-podcast/feed/podcast",
"amazon": "https://music.amazon.com/podcasts/9a90d476-aa04-455d-9a4c-0871ed6216d4/bay-curious",
"stitcher": "https://www.stitcher.com/podcast/kqed/bay-curious",
"spotify": "https://open.spotify.com/show/6O76IdmhixfijmhTZLIJ8k"
}
},
"bbc-world-service": {
"id": "bbc-world-service",
"title": "BBC World Service",
"info": "The day's top stories from BBC News compiled twice daily in the week, once at weekends.",
"airtime": "MON-FRI 9pm-10pm, TUE-FRI 1am-2am",
"imageSrc": "https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/04/BBC-World-Service-Podcast-Tile-360x360-1.jpg",
"officialWebsiteLink": "https://www.bbc.co.uk/sounds/play/live:bbc_world_service",
"meta": {
"site": "news",
"source": "BBC World Service"
},
"link": "/radio/program/bbc-world-service",
"subscribe": {
"apple": "https://itunes.apple.com/us/podcast/global-news-podcast/id135067274?mt=2",
"tuneIn": "https://tunein.com/radio/BBC-World-Service-p455581/",
"rss": "https://podcasts.files.bbci.co.uk/p02nq0gn.rss"
}
},
"californiareport": {
"id": "californiareport",
"title": "The California Report",
"tagline": "California, day by day",
"info": "KQED’s statewide radio news program providing daily coverage of issues, trends and public policy decisions.",
"imageSrc": "https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/04/The-California-Report-Podcast-Tile-703x703-1.jpg",
"imageAlt": "KQED The California Report",
"officialWebsiteLink": "/californiareport",
"meta": {
"site": "news",
"source": "kqed",
"order": 8
},
"link": "/californiareport",
"subscribe": {
"apple": "https://podcasts.apple.com/us/podcast/kqeds-the-california-report/id79681292",
"amazon": "https://music.amazon.com/podcasts/26099305-72af-4542-9dde-ac1807fe36d5/kqed-s-the-california-report",
"npr": "https://www.npr.org/podcasts/432285393/the-california-report",
"stitcher": "https://www.stitcher.com/podcast/kqedfm-kqeds-the-california-report-podcast-8838",
"rss": "https://ww2.kqed.org/news/tag/tcram/feed/podcast"
}
},
"californiareportmagazine": {
"id": "californiareportmagazine",
"title": "The California Report Magazine",
"tagline": "Your state, your stories",
"info": "Every week, The California Report Magazine takes you on a road trip for the ears: to visit the places and meet the people who make California unique. The in-depth storytelling podcast from the California Report.",
"airtime": "FRI 4:30pm-5pm, 6:30pm-7pm, 11pm-11:30pm",
"imageSrc": "https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/04/The-California-Report-Magazine-Podcast-Tile-703x703-1.jpg",
"imageAlt": "KQED The California Report Magazine",
"officialWebsiteLink": "/californiareportmagazine",
"meta": {
"site": "news",
"source": "kqed",
"order": 10
},
"link": "/californiareportmagazine",
"subscribe": {
"apple": "https://podcasts.apple.com/us/podcast/the-california-report-magazine/id1314750545",
"google": "https://podcasts.google.com/feed/aHR0cHM6Ly9mZWVkcy5tZWdhcGhvbmUuZm0vS1FJTkM3NjkwNjk1OTAz",
"npr": "https://www.npr.org/podcasts/564733126/the-california-report-magazine",
"stitcher": "https://www.stitcher.com/podcast/kqed/the-california-report-magazine",
"rss": "https://ww2.kqed.org/news/tag/tcrmag/feed/podcast"
}
},
"city-arts": {
"id": "city-arts",
"title": "City Arts & Lectures",
"info": "A one-hour radio program to hear celebrated writers, artists and thinkers address contemporary ideas and values, often discussing the creative process. Please note: tapes or transcripts are not available",
"imageSrc": "https://ww2.kqed.org/radio/wp-content/uploads/sites/50/2018/05/cityartsandlecture-300x300.jpg",
"officialWebsiteLink": "https://www.cityarts.net/",
"airtime": "SUN 1pm-2pm, TUE 10pm, WED 1am",
"meta": {
"site": "news",
"source": "City Arts & Lectures"
},
"link": "https://www.cityarts.net",
"subscribe": {
"tuneIn": "https://tunein.com/radio/City-Arts-and-Lectures-p692/",
"rss": "https://www.cityarts.net/feed/"
}
},
"closealltabs": {
"id": "closealltabs",
"title": "Close All Tabs",
"tagline": "Your irreverent guide to the trends redefining our world",
"info": "Close All Tabs breaks down how digital culture shapes our world through thoughtful insights and irreverent humor.",
"imageSrc": "https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2025/02/CAT_2_Tile-scaled.jpg",
"imageAlt": "KQED Close All Tabs",
"officialWebsiteLink": "/podcasts/closealltabs",
"meta": {
"site": "news",
"source": "kqed",
"order": 1
},
"link": "/podcasts/closealltabs",
"subscribe": {
"apple": "https://podcasts.apple.com/us/podcast/close-all-tabs/id214663465",
"rss": "https://feeds.megaphone.fm/KQINC6993880386",
"amazon": "https://music.amazon.com/podcasts/92d9d4ac-67a3-4eed-b10a-fb45d45b1ef2/close-all-tabs",
"spotify": "https://open.spotify.com/show/6LAJFHnGK1pYXYzv6SIol6?si=deb0cae19813417c"
}
},
"code-switch-life-kit": {
"id": "code-switch-life-kit",
"title": "Code Switch / Life Kit",
"info": "\u003cem>Code Switch\u003c/em>, which listeners will hear in the first part of the hour, has fearless and much-needed conversations about race. Hosted by journalists of color, the show tackles the subject of race head-on, exploring how it impacts every part of society — from politics and pop culture to history, sports and more.\u003cbr />\u003cbr />\u003cem>Life Kit\u003c/em>, which will be in the second part of the hour, guides you through spaces and feelings no one prepares you for — from finances to mental health, from workplace microaggressions to imposter syndrome, from relationships to parenting. The show features experts with real world experience and shares their knowledge. Because everyone needs a little help being human.\u003cbr />\u003cbr />\u003ca href=\"https://www.npr.org/podcasts/510312/codeswitch\">\u003cem>Code Switch\u003c/em> offical site and podcast\u003c/a>\u003cbr />\u003ca href=\"https://www.npr.org/lifekit\">\u003cem>Life Kit\u003c/em> offical site and podcast\u003c/a>\u003cbr />",
"airtime": "SUN 9pm-10pm",
"imageSrc": "https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/04/Code-Switch-Life-Kit-Podcast-Tile-360x360-1.jpg",
"meta": {
"site": "radio",
"source": "npr"
},
"link": "/radio/program/code-switch-life-kit",
"subscribe": {
"apple": "https://podcasts.apple.com/podcast/1112190608?mt=2&at=11l79Y&ct=nprdirectory",
"google": "https://podcasts.google.com/feed/aHR0cHM6Ly93d3cubnByLm9yZy9yc3MvcG9kY2FzdC5waHA_aWQ9NTEwMzEy",
"spotify": "https://open.spotify.com/show/3bExJ9JQpkwNhoHvaIIuyV",
"rss": "https://feeds.npr.org/510312/podcast.xml"
}
},
"commonwealth-club": {
"id": "commonwealth-club",
"title": "Commonwealth Club of California Podcast",
"info": "The Commonwealth Club of California is the nation's oldest and largest public affairs forum. As a non-partisan forum, The Club brings to the public airwaves diverse viewpoints on important topics. The Club's weekly radio broadcast - the oldest in the U.S., dating back to 1924 - is carried across the nation on public radio stations and is now podcasting. Our website archive features audio of our recent programs, as well as selected speeches from our long and distinguished history. This podcast feed is usually updated twice a week and is always un-edited.",
"airtime": "THU 10pm, FRI 1am",
"imageSrc": "https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/04/Commonwealth-Club-Podcast-Tile-360x360-1.jpg",
"officialWebsiteLink": "https://www.commonwealthclub.org/podcasts",
"meta": {
"site": "news",
"source": "Commonwealth Club of California"
},
"link": "/radio/program/commonwealth-club",
"subscribe": {
"apple": "https://itunes.apple.com/us/podcast/commonwealth-club-of-california-podcast/id976334034?mt=2",
"google": "https://podcasts.google.com/feed/aHR0cDovL3d3dy5jb21tb253ZWFsdGhjbHViLm9yZy9hdWRpby9wb2RjYXN0L3dlZWtseS54bWw",
"tuneIn": "https://tunein.com/radio/Commonwealth-Club-of-California-p1060/"
}
},
"forum": {
"id": "forum",
"title": "Forum",
"tagline": "The conversation starts here",
"info": "KQED’s live call-in program discussing local, state, national and international issues, as well as in-depth interviews.",
"airtime": "MON-FRI 9am-11am, 10pm-11pm",
"imageSrc": "https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/04/Forum-Podcast-Tile-703x703-1.jpg",
"imageAlt": "KQED Forum with Mina Kim and Alexis Madrigal",
"officialWebsiteLink": "/forum",
"meta": {
"site": "news",
"source": "kqed",
"order": 9
},
"link": "/forum",
"subscribe": {
"apple": "https://podcasts.apple.com/us/podcast/kqeds-forum/id73329719",
"google": "https://podcasts.google.com/feed/aHR0cHM6Ly9mZWVkcy5tZWdhcGhvbmUuZm0vS1FJTkM5NTU3MzgxNjMz",
"npr": "https://www.npr.org/podcasts/432307980/forum",
"stitcher": "https://www.stitcher.com/podcast/kqedfm-kqeds-forum-podcast",
"rss": "https://feeds.megaphone.fm/KQINC9557381633"
}
},
"freakonomics-radio": {
"id": "freakonomics-radio",
"title": "Freakonomics Radio",
"info": "Freakonomics Radio is a one-hour award-winning podcast and public-radio project hosted by Stephen Dubner, with co-author Steve Levitt as a regular guest. It is produced in partnership with WNYC.",
"imageSrc": "https://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2018/05/freakonomicsRadio.png",
"officialWebsiteLink": "http://freakonomics.com/",
"airtime": "SUN 1am-2am, SAT 3pm-4pm",
"meta": {
"site": "radio",
"source": "WNYC"
},
"link": "/radio/program/freakonomics-radio",
"subscribe": {
"npr": "https://rpb3r.app.goo.gl/4s8b",
"apple": "https://itunes.apple.com/us/podcast/freakonomics-radio/id354668519",
"tuneIn": "https://tunein.com/podcasts/WNYC-Podcasts/Freakonomics-Radio-p272293/",
"rss": "https://feeds.feedburner.com/freakonomicsradio"
}
},
"fresh-air": {
"id": "fresh-air",
"title": "Fresh Air",
"info": "Hosted by Terry Gross, \u003cem>Fresh Air from WHYY\u003c/em> is the Peabody Award-winning weekday magazine of contemporary arts and issues. One of public radio's most popular programs, Fresh Air features intimate conversations with today's biggest luminaries.",
"airtime": "MON-FRI 7pm-8pm",
"imageSrc": "https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/04/Fresh-Air-Podcast-Tile-360x360-1.jpg",
"officialWebsiteLink": "https://www.npr.org/programs/fresh-air/",
"meta": {
"site": "radio",
"source": "npr"
},
"link": "/radio/program/fresh-air",
"subscribe": {
"npr": "https://rpb3r.app.goo.gl/4s8b",
"apple": "https://itunes.apple.com/WebObjects/MZStore.woa/wa/viewPodcast?s=143441&mt=2&id=214089682&at=11l79Y&ct=nprdirectory",
"tuneIn": "https://tunein.com/radio/Fresh-Air-p17/",
"rss": "https://feeds.npr.org/381444908/podcast.xml"
}
},
"here-and-now": {
"id": "here-and-now",
"title": "Here & Now",
"info": "A live production of NPR and WBUR Boston, in collaboration with stations across the country, Here & Now reflects the fluid world of news as it's happening in the middle of the day, with timely, in-depth news, interviews and conversation. Hosted by Robin Young, Jeremy Hobson and Tonya Mosley.",
"airtime": "MON-THU 11am-12pm",
"imageSrc": "https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/04/Here-And-Now-Podcast-Tile-360x360-1.jpg",
"officialWebsiteLink": "http://www.wbur.org/hereandnow",
"meta": {
"site": "news",
"source": "npr"
},
"link": "/radio/program/here-and-now",
"subsdcribe": {
"apple": "https://itunes.apple.com/WebObjects/MZStore.woa/wa/viewPodcast?mt=2&id=426698661",
"tuneIn": "https://tunein.com/radio/Here--Now-p211/",
"rss": "https://feeds.npr.org/510051/podcast.xml"
}
},
"hidden-brain": {
"id": "hidden-brain",
"title": "Hidden Brain",
"info": "Shankar Vedantam uses science and storytelling to reveal the unconscious patterns that drive human behavior, shape our choices and direct our relationships.",
"imageSrc": "https://ww2.kqed.org/radio/wp-content/uploads/sites/50/2018/05/hiddenbrain.jpg",
"officialWebsiteLink": "https://www.npr.org/series/423302056/hidden-brain",
"airtime": "SUN 7pm-8pm",
"meta": {
"site": "news",
"source": "NPR"
},
"link": "/radio/program/hidden-brain",
"subscribe": {
"apple": "https://itunes.apple.com/us/podcast/hidden-brain/id1028908750?mt=2",
"tuneIn": "https://tunein.com/podcasts/Science-Podcasts/Hidden-Brain-p787503/",
"rss": "https://feeds.npr.org/510308/podcast.xml"
}
},
"how-i-built-this": {
"id": "how-i-built-this",
"title": "How I Built This with Guy Raz",
"info": "Guy Raz dives into the stories behind some of the world's best known companies. How I Built This weaves a narrative journey about innovators, entrepreneurs and idealists—and the movements they built.",
"imageSrc": "https://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2018/05/howIBuiltThis.png",
"officialWebsiteLink": "https://www.npr.org/podcasts/510313/how-i-built-this",
"airtime": "SUN 7:30pm-8pm",
"meta": {
"site": "news",
"source": "npr"
},
"link": "/radio/program/how-i-built-this",
"subscribe": {
"npr": "https://rpb3r.app.goo.gl/3zxy",
"apple": "https://itunes.apple.com/us/podcast/how-i-built-this-with-guy-raz/id1150510297?mt=2",
"tuneIn": "https://tunein.com/podcasts/Arts--Culture-Podcasts/How-I-Built-This-p910896/",
"rss": "https://feeds.npr.org/510313/podcast.xml"
}
},
"hyphenacion": {
"id": "hyphenacion",
"title": "Hyphenación",
"tagline": "Where conversation and cultura meet",
"info": "What kind of no sabo word is Hyphenación? For us, it’s about living within a hyphenation. Like being a third-gen Mexican-American from the Texas border now living that Bay Area Chicano life. Like Xorje! Each week we bring together a couple of hyphenated Latinos to talk all about personal life choices: family, careers, relationships, belonging … everything is on the table. ",
"imageSrc": "https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2025/03/Hyphenacion_FinalAssets_PodcastTile.png",
"imageAlt": "KQED Hyphenación",
"officialWebsiteLink": "/podcasts/hyphenacion",
"meta": {
"site": "news",
"source": "kqed",
"order": 15
},
"link": "/podcasts/hyphenacion",
"subscribe": {
"apple": "https://podcasts.apple.com/us/podcast/hyphenaci%C3%B3n/id1191591838",
"spotify": "https://open.spotify.com/show/2p3Fifq96nw9BPcmFdIq0o?si=39209f7b25774f38",
"youtube": "https://www.youtube.com/c/kqedarts",
"amazon": "https://music.amazon.com/podcasts/6c3dd23c-93fb-4aab-97ba-1725fa6315f1/hyphenaci%C3%B3n",
"rss": "https://feeds.megaphone.fm/KQINC2275451163"
}
},
"jerrybrown": {
"id": "jerrybrown",
"title": "The Political Mind of Jerry Brown",
"tagline": "Lessons from a lifetime in politics",
"info": "The Political Mind of Jerry Brown brings listeners the wisdom of the former Governor, Mayor, and presidential candidate. Scott Shafer interviewed Brown for more than 40 hours, covering the former governor's life and half-century in the political game – and Brown has some lessons he'd like to share. ",
"imageSrc": "https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/04/The-Political-Mind-of-Jerry-Brown-Podcast-Tile-703x703-1.jpg",
"imageAlt": "KQED The Political Mind of Jerry Brown",
"officialWebsiteLink": "/podcasts/jerrybrown",
"meta": {
"site": "news",
"source": "kqed",
"order": 18
},
"link": "/podcasts/jerrybrown",
"subscribe": {
"npr": "https://www.npr.org/podcasts/790253322/the-political-mind-of-jerry-brown",
"apple": "https://itunes.apple.com/us/podcast/id1492194549",
"rss": "https://ww2.kqed.org/news/series/jerrybrown/feed/podcast/",
"tuneIn": "http://tun.in/pjGcK",
"stitcher": "https://www.stitcher.com/podcast/kqed/the-political-mind-of-jerry-brown",
"spotify": "https://open.spotify.com/show/54C1dmuyFyKMFttY6X2j6r?si=K8SgRCoISNK6ZbjpXrX5-w",
"amazon": "https://music.amazon.com/podcasts/44420f75-3b0e-4301-ab3b-16da6b09e543/the-political-mind-of-jerry-brown"
}
},
"latino-usa": {
"id": "latino-usa",
"title": "Latino USA",
"airtime": "MON 1am-2am, SUN 6pm-7pm",
"info": "Latino USA, the radio journal of news and culture, is the only national, English-language radio program produced from a Latino perspective.",
"imageSrc": "https://ww2.kqed.org/radio/wp-content/uploads/sites/50/2018/04/latinoUsa.jpg",
"officialWebsiteLink": "http://latinousa.org/",
"meta": {
"site": "news",
"source": "npr"
},
"link": "/radio/program/latino-usa",
"subscribe": {
"npr": "https://rpb3r.app.goo.gl/xtTd",
"apple": "https://itunes.apple.com/WebObjects/MZStore.woa/wa/viewPodcast?s=143441&mt=2&id=79681317&at=11l79Y&ct=nprdirectory",
"tuneIn": "https://tunein.com/radio/Latino-USA-p621/",
"rss": "https://feeds.npr.org/510016/podcast.xml"
}
},
"marketplace": {
"id": "marketplace",
"title": "Marketplace",
"info": "Our flagship program, helmed by Kai Ryssdal, examines what the day in money delivered, through stories, conversations, newsworthy numbers and more. Updated Monday through Friday at about 3:30 p.m. PT.",
"airtime": "MON-FRI 4pm-4:30pm, MON-WED 6:30pm-7pm",
"imageSrc": "https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/04/Marketplace-Podcast-Tile-360x360-1.jpg",
"officialWebsiteLink": "https://www.marketplace.org/",
"meta": {
"site": "news",
"source": "American Public Media"
},
"link": "/radio/program/marketplace",
"subscribe": {
"apple": "https://itunes.apple.com/WebObjects/MZStore.woa/wa/viewPodcast?s=143441&mt=2&id=201853034&at=11l79Y&ct=nprdirectory",
"tuneIn": "https://tunein.com/radio/APM-Marketplace-p88/",
"rss": "https://feeds.publicradio.org/public_feeds/marketplace-pm/rss/rss"
}
},
"masters-of-scale": {
"id": "masters-of-scale",
"title": "Masters of Scale",
"info": "Masters of Scale is an original podcast in which LinkedIn co-founder and Greylock Partner Reid Hoffman sets out to describe and prove theories that explain how great entrepreneurs take their companies from zero to a gazillion in ingenious fashion.",
"airtime": "Every other Wednesday June 12 through October 16 at 8pm (repeats Thursdays at 2am)",
"imageSrc": "https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/04/Masters-of-Scale-Podcast-Tile-360x360-1.jpg",
"officialWebsiteLink": "https://mastersofscale.com/",
"meta": {
"site": "radio",
"source": "WaitWhat"
},
"link": "/radio/program/masters-of-scale",
"subscribe": {
"apple": "http://mastersofscale.app.link/",
"rss": "https://rss.art19.com/masters-of-scale"
}
},
"mindshift": {
"id": "mindshift",
"title": "MindShift",
"tagline": "A podcast about the future of learning and how we raise our kids",
"info": "The MindShift podcast explores the innovations in education that are shaping how kids learn. Hosts Ki Sung and Katrina Schwartz introduce listeners to educators, researchers, parents and students who are developing effective ways to improve how kids learn. We cover topics like how fed-up administrators are developing surprising tactics to deal with classroom disruptions; how listening to podcasts are helping kids develop reading skills; the consequences of overparenting; and why interdisciplinary learning can engage students on all ends of the traditional achievement spectrum. This podcast is part of the MindShift education site, a division of KQED News. KQED is an NPR/PBS member station based in San Francisco. You can also visit the MindShift website for episodes and supplemental blog posts or tweet us \u003ca href=\"https://twitter.com/MindShiftKQED\">@MindShiftKQED\u003c/a> or visit us at \u003ca href=\"/mindshift\">MindShift.KQED.org\u003c/a>",
"imageSrc": "https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/04/Mindshift-Podcast-Tile-703x703-1.jpg",
"imageAlt": "KQED MindShift: How We Will Learn",
"officialWebsiteLink": "/mindshift/",
"meta": {
"site": "news",
"source": "kqed",
"order": 12
},
"link": "/podcasts/mindshift",
"subscribe": {
"apple": "https://podcasts.apple.com/us/podcast/mindshift-podcast/id1078765985",
"google": "https://podcasts.google.com/feed/aHR0cHM6Ly9mZWVkcy5tZWdhcGhvbmUuZm0vS1FJTkM1NzY0NjAwNDI5",
"npr": "https://www.npr.org/podcasts/464615685/mind-shift-podcast",
"stitcher": "https://www.stitcher.com/podcast/kqed/stories-teachers-share",
"spotify": "https://open.spotify.com/show/0MxSpNYZKNprFLCl7eEtyx"
}
},
"morning-edition": {
"id": "morning-edition",
"title": "Morning Edition",
"info": "\u003cem>Morning Edition\u003c/em> takes listeners around the country and the world with multi-faceted stories and commentaries every weekday. Hosts Steve Inskeep, David Greene and Rachel Martin bring you the latest breaking news and features to prepare you for the day.",
"airtime": "MON-FRI 3am-9am",
"imageSrc": "https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/04/Morning-Edition-Podcast-Tile-360x360-1.jpg",
"officialWebsiteLink": "https://www.npr.org/programs/morning-edition/",
"meta": {
"site": "news",
"source": "npr"
},
"link": "/radio/program/morning-edition"
},
"onourwatch": {
"id": "onourwatch",
"title": "On Our Watch",
"tagline": "Deeply-reported investigative journalism",
"info": "For decades, the process for how police police themselves has been inconsistent – if not opaque. In some states, like California, these proceedings were completely hidden. After a new police transparency law unsealed scores of internal affairs files, our reporters set out to examine these cases and the shadow world of police discipline. On Our Watch brings listeners into the rooms where officers are questioned and witnesses are interrogated to find out who this system is really protecting. Is it the officers, or the public they've sworn to serve?",
"imageSrc": "https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/04/On-Our-Watch-Podcast-Tile-703x703-1.jpg",
"imageAlt": "On Our Watch from NPR and KQED",
"officialWebsiteLink": "/podcasts/onourwatch",
"meta": {
"site": "news",
"source": "kqed",
"order": 11
},
"link": "/podcasts/onourwatch",
"subscribe": {
"apple": "https://podcasts.apple.com/podcast/id1567098962",
"google": "https://podcasts.google.com/feed/aHR0cHM6Ly9mZWVkcy5ucHIub3JnLzUxMDM2MC9wb2RjYXN0LnhtbD9zYz1nb29nbGVwb2RjYXN0cw",
"npr": "https://rpb3r.app.goo.gl/onourwatch",
"spotify": "https://open.spotify.com/show/0OLWoyizopu6tY1XiuX70x",
"tuneIn": "https://tunein.com/radio/On-Our-Watch-p1436229/",
"stitcher": "https://www.stitcher.com/show/on-our-watch",
"rss": "https://feeds.npr.org/510360/podcast.xml"
}
},
"on-the-media": {
"id": "on-the-media",
"title": "On The Media",
"info": "Our weekly podcast explores how the media 'sausage' is made, casts an incisive eye on fluctuations in the marketplace of ideas, and examines threats to the freedom of information and expression in America and abroad. For one hour a week, the show tries to lift the veil from the process of \"making media,\" especially news media, because it's through that lens that we see the world and the world sees us",
"airtime": "SUN 2pm-3pm, MON 12am-1am",
"imageSrc": "https://ww2.kqed.org/radio/wp-content/uploads/sites/50/2018/04/onTheMedia.png",
"officialWebsiteLink": "https://www.wnycstudios.org/shows/otm",
"meta": {
"site": "news",
"source": "wnyc"
},
"link": "/radio/program/on-the-media",
"subscribe": {
"apple": "https://itunes.apple.com/us/podcast/on-the-media/id73330715?mt=2",
"tuneIn": "https://tunein.com/radio/On-the-Media-p69/",
"rss": "http://feeds.wnyc.org/onthemedia"
}
},
"pbs-newshour": {
"id": "pbs-newshour",
"title": "PBS NewsHour",
"info": "Analysis, background reports and updates from the PBS NewsHour putting today's news in context.",
"airtime": "MON-FRI 3pm-4pm",
"imageSrc": "https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/04/PBS-News-Hour-Podcast-Tile-360x360-1.jpg",
"officialWebsiteLink": "https://www.pbs.org/newshour/",
"meta": {
"site": "news",
"source": "pbs"
},
"link": "/radio/program/pbs-newshour",
"subscribe": {
"apple": "https://itunes.apple.com/us/podcast/pbs-newshour-full-show/id394432287?mt=2",
"tuneIn": "https://tunein.com/radio/PBS-NewsHour---Full-Show-p425698/",
"rss": "https://www.pbs.org/newshour/feeds/rss/podcasts/show"
}
},
"perspectives": {
"id": "perspectives",
"title": "Perspectives",
"tagline": "KQED's series of daily listener commentaries since 1991",
"info": "KQED's series of daily listener commentaries since 1991.",
"imageSrc": "https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2025/01/Perspectives_Tile_Final.jpg",
"imageAlt": "KQED Perspectives",
"officialWebsiteLink": "/perspectives/",
"meta": {
"site": "radio",
"source": "kqed",
"order": 14
},
"link": "/perspectives",
"subscribe": {
"apple": "https://podcasts.apple.com/us/podcast/id73801135",
"npr": "https://www.npr.org/podcasts/432309616/perspectives",
"rss": "https://ww2.kqed.org/perspectives/category/perspectives/feed/",
"google": "https://podcasts.google.com/feed/aHR0cHM6Ly93dzIua3FlZC5vcmcvcGVyc3BlY3RpdmVzL2NhdGVnb3J5L3BlcnNwZWN0aXZlcy9mZWVkLw"
}
},
"planet-money": {
"id": "planet-money",
"title": "Planet Money",
"info": "The economy explained. Imagine you could call up a friend and say, Meet me at the bar and tell me what's going on with the economy. Now imagine that's actually a fun evening.",
"airtime": "SUN 3pm-4pm",
"imageSrc": "https://ww2.kqed.org/radio/wp-content/uploads/sites/50/2018/04/planetmoney.jpg",
"officialWebsiteLink": "https://www.npr.org/sections/money/",
"meta": {
"site": "news",
"source": "npr"
},
"link": "/radio/program/planet-money",
"subscribe": {
"npr": "https://rpb3r.app.goo.gl/M4f5",
"apple": "https://itunes.apple.com/us/podcast/planet-money/id290783428?mt=2",
"tuneIn": "https://tunein.com/podcasts/Business--Economics-Podcasts/Planet-Money-p164680/",
"rss": "https://feeds.npr.org/510289/podcast.xml"
}
},
"politicalbreakdown": {
"id": "politicalbreakdown",
"title": "Political Breakdown",
"tagline": "Politics from a personal perspective",
"info": "Political Breakdown is a new series that explores the political intersection of California and the nation. Each week hosts Scott Shafer and Marisa Lagos are joined with a new special guest to unpack politics -- with personality — and offer an insider’s glimpse at how politics happens.",
"airtime": "THU 6:30pm-7pm",
"imageSrc": "https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/04/Political-Breakdown-2024-Podcast-Tile-703x703-1.jpg",
"imageAlt": "KQED Political Breakdown",
"officialWebsiteLink": "/podcasts/politicalbreakdown",
"meta": {
"site": "radio",
"source": "kqed",
"order": 5
},
"link": "/podcasts/politicalbreakdown",
"subscribe": {
"apple": "https://podcasts.apple.com/us/podcast/political-breakdown/id1327641087",
"amazon": "https://music.amazon.com/podcasts/e0c2d153-ad36-4c8d-901d-f1da6a724824/political-breakdown",
"npr": "https://www.npr.org/podcasts/572155894/political-breakdown",
"stitcher": "https://www.stitcher.com/podcast/kqed/political-breakdown",
"spotify": "https://open.spotify.com/show/07RVyIjIdk2WDuVehvBMoN",
"rss": "https://ww2.kqed.org/news/tag/political-breakdown/feed/podcast"
}
},
"possible": {
"id": "possible",
"title": "Possible",
"info": "Possible is hosted by entrepreneur Reid Hoffman and writer Aria Finger. Together in Possible, Hoffman and Finger lead enlightening discussions about building a brighter collective future. The show features interviews with visionary guests like Trevor Noah, Sam Altman and Janette Sadik-Khan. Possible paints an optimistic portrait of the world we can create through science, policy, business, art and our shared humanity. It asks: What if everything goes right for once? How can we get there? Each episode also includes a short fiction story generated by advanced AI GPT-4, serving as a thought-provoking springboard to speculate how humanity could leverage technology for good.",
"airtime": "SUN 2pm",
"imageSrc": "https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/04/Possible-Podcast-Tile-360x360-1.jpg",
"officialWebsiteLink": "https://www.possible.fm/",
"meta": {
"site": "news",
"source": "Possible"
},
"link": "/radio/program/possible",
"subscribe": {
"apple": "https://podcasts.apple.com/us/podcast/possible/id1677184070",
"spotify": "https://open.spotify.com/show/730YpdUSNlMyPQwNnyjp4k"
}
},
"pri-the-world": {
"id": "pri-the-world",
"title": "PRI's The World: Latest Edition",
"info": "Each weekday, host Marco Werman and his team of producers bring you the world's most interesting stories in an hour of radio that reminds us just how small our planet really is.",
"airtime": "MON-FRI 2pm-3pm",
"imageSrc": "https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/04/The-World-Podcast-Tile-360x360-1.jpg",
"officialWebsiteLink": "https://www.pri.org/programs/the-world",
"meta": {
"site": "news",
"source": "PRI"
},
"link": "/radio/program/pri-the-world",
"subscribe": {
"apple": "https://itunes.apple.com/us/podcast/pris-the-world-latest-edition/id278196007?mt=2",
"tuneIn": "https://tunein.com/podcasts/News--Politics-Podcasts/PRIs-The-World-p24/",
"rss": "http://feeds.feedburner.com/pri/theworld"
}
},
"radiolab": {
"id": "radiolab",
"title": "Radiolab",
"info": "A two-time Peabody Award-winner, Radiolab is an investigation told through sounds and stories, and centered around one big idea. In the Radiolab world, information sounds like music and science and culture collide. Hosted by Jad Abumrad and Robert Krulwich, the show is designed for listeners who demand skepticism, but appreciate wonder. WNYC Studios is the producer of other leading podcasts including Freakonomics Radio, Death, Sex & Money, On the Media and many more.",
"airtime": "SUN 12am-1am, SAT 2pm-3pm",
"imageSrc": "https://ww2.kqed.org/radio/wp-content/uploads/sites/50/2018/04/radiolab1400.png",
"officialWebsiteLink": "https://www.wnycstudios.org/shows/radiolab/",
"meta": {
"site": "science",
"source": "WNYC"
},
"link": "/radio/program/radiolab",
"subscribe": {
"apple": "https://itunes.apple.com/us/podcast/radiolab/id152249110?mt=2",
"tuneIn": "https://tunein.com/radio/RadioLab-p68032/",
"rss": "https://feeds.wnyc.org/radiolab"
}
},
"reveal": {
"id": "reveal",
"title": "Reveal",
"info": "Created by The Center for Investigative Reporting and PRX, Reveal is public radios first one-hour weekly radio show and podcast dedicated to investigative reporting. Credible, fact based and without a partisan agenda, Reveal combines the power and artistry of driveway moment storytelling with data-rich reporting on critically important issues. The result is stories that inform and inspire, arming our listeners with information to right injustices, hold the powerful accountable and improve lives.Reveal is hosted by Al Letson and showcases the award-winning work of CIR and newsrooms large and small across the nation. In a radio and podcast market crowded with choices, Reveal focuses on important and often surprising stories that illuminate the world for our listeners.",
"airtime": "SAT 4pm-5pm",
"imageSrc": "https://ww2.kqed.org/radio/wp-content/uploads/sites/50/2018/04/reveal300px.png",
"officialWebsiteLink": "https://www.revealnews.org/episodes/",
"meta": {
"site": "news",
"source": "npr"
},
"link": "/radio/program/reveal",
"subscribe": {
"apple": "https://itunes.apple.com/us/podcast/reveal/id886009669",
"tuneIn": "https://tunein.com/radio/Reveal-p679597/",
"rss": "http://feeds.revealradio.org/revealpodcast"
}
},
"rightnowish": {
"id": "rightnowish",
"title": "Rightnowish",
"tagline": "Art is where you find it",
"info": "Rightnowish digs into life in the Bay Area right now… ish. Journalist Pendarvis Harshaw takes us to galleries painted on the sides of liquor stores in West Oakland. We'll dance in warehouses in the Bayview, make smoothies with kids in South Berkeley, and listen to classical music in a 1984 Cutlass Supreme in Richmond. Every week, Pen talks to movers and shakers about how the Bay Area shapes what they create, and how they shape the place we call home.",
"imageSrc": "https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/04/Rightnowish-Podcast-Tile-500x500-1.jpg",
"imageAlt": "KQED Rightnowish with Pendarvis Harshaw",
"officialWebsiteLink": "/podcasts/rightnowish",
"meta": {
"site": "arts",
"source": "kqed",
"order": 16
},
"link": "/podcasts/rightnowish",
"subscribe": {
"npr": "https://www.npr.org/podcasts/721590300/rightnowish",
"rss": "https://ww2.kqed.org/arts/programs/rightnowish/feed/podcast",
"apple": "https://podcasts.apple.com/us/podcast/rightnowish/id1482187648",
"stitcher": "https://www.stitcher.com/podcast/kqed/rightnowish",
"google": "https://podcasts.google.com/feed/aHR0cHM6Ly9mZWVkcy5tZWdhcGhvbmUuZm0vS1FJTkMxMjU5MTY3NDc4",
"spotify": "https://open.spotify.com/show/7kEJuafTzTVan7B78ttz1I"
}
},
"science-friday": {
"id": "science-friday",
"title": "Science Friday",
"info": "Science Friday is a weekly science talk show, broadcast live over public radio stations nationwide. Each week, the show focuses on science topics that are in the news and tries to bring an educated, balanced discussion to bear on the scientific issues at hand. Panels of expert guests join host Ira Flatow, a veteran science journalist, to discuss science and to take questions from listeners during the call-in portion of the program.",
"airtime": "FRI 11am-1pm",
"imageSrc": "https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/04/Science-Friday-Podcast-Tile-360x360-1.jpg",
"officialWebsiteLink": "https://www.wnycstudios.org/shows/science-friday",
"meta": {
"site": "news",
"source": "npr"
},
"link": "/radio/program/science-friday",
"subscribe": {
"apple": "https://itunes.apple.com/WebObjects/MZStore.woa/wa/viewPodcast?s=143441&mt=2&id=73329284&at=11l79Y&ct=nprdirectory",
"tuneIn": "https://tunein.com/radio/Science-Friday-p394/",
"rss": "http://feeds.wnyc.org/science-friday"
}
},
"snap-judgment": {
"id": "snap-judgment",
"title": "Snap Judgment",
"tagline": "Real stories with killer beats",
"info": "The Snap Judgment radio show and podcast mixes real stories with killer beats to produce cinematic, dramatic radio. Snap's musical brand of storytelling dares listeners to see the world through the eyes of another. This is storytelling... with a BEAT!! Snap first aired on public radio stations nationwide in July 2010. Today, Snap Judgment airs on over 450 public radio stations and is brought to the airwaves by KQED & PRX.",
"airtime": "SAT 1pm-2pm, 9pm-10pm",
"imageSrc": "https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/05/Snap-Judgment-Podcast-Tile-703x703-1.jpg",
"imageAlt": "KQED Snap Judgment",
"officialWebsiteLink": "https://snapjudgment.org",
"meta": {
"site": "arts",
"source": "kqed",
"order": 4
},
"link": "https://snapjudgment.org",
"subscribe": {
"apple": "https://podcasts.apple.com/us/podcast/snap-judgment/id283657561",
"npr": "https://www.npr.org/podcasts/449018144/snap-judgment",
"stitcher": "https://www.pandora.com/podcast/snap-judgment/PC:241?source=stitcher-sunset",
"spotify": "https://open.spotify.com/show/3Cct7ZWmxHNAtLgBTqjC5v",
"rss": "https://snap.feed.snapjudgment.org/"
}
},
"soldout": {
"id": "soldout",
"title": "SOLD OUT: Rethinking Housing in America",
"tagline": "A new future for housing",
"info": "Sold Out: Rethinking Housing in America",
"imageSrc": "https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/04/Sold-Out-Podcast-Tile-703x703-1.jpg",
"imageAlt": "KQED Sold Out: Rethinking Housing in America",
"officialWebsiteLink": "/podcasts/soldout",
"meta": {
"site": "news",
"source": "kqed",
"order": 13
},
"link": "/podcasts/soldout",
"subscribe": {
"npr": "https://www.npr.org/podcasts/911586047/s-o-l-d-o-u-t-a-new-future-for-housing",
"apple": "https://podcasts.apple.com/us/podcast/introducing-sold-out-rethinking-housing-in-america/id1531354937",
"rss": "https://feeds.megaphone.fm/soldout",
"spotify": "https://open.spotify.com/show/38dTBSk2ISFoPiyYNoKn1X",
"stitcher": "https://www.stitcher.com/podcast/kqed/sold-out-rethinking-housing-in-america",
"tunein": "https://tunein.com/radio/SOLD-OUT-Rethinking-Housing-in-America-p1365871/"
}
},
"spooked": {
"id": "spooked",
"title": "Spooked",
"tagline": "True-life supernatural stories",
"info": "",
"imageSrc": "https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/10/Spooked-Podcast-Tile-703x703-1.jpg",
"imageAlt": "KQED Spooked",
"officialWebsiteLink": "https://spookedpodcast.org/",
"meta": {
"site": "news",
"source": "kqed",
"order": 7
},
"link": "https://spookedpodcast.org/",
"subscribe": {
"apple": "https://podcasts.apple.com/us/podcast/spooked/id1279361017",
"npr": "https://www.npr.org/podcasts/549547848/snap-judgment-presents-spooked",
"spotify": "https://open.spotify.com/show/76571Rfl3m7PLJQZKQIGCT",
"rss": "https://feeds.simplecast.com/TBotaapn"
}
},
"tech-nation": {
"id": "tech-nation",
"title": "Tech Nation Radio Podcast",
"info": "Tech Nation is a weekly public radio program, hosted by Dr. Moira Gunn. Founded in 1993, it has grown from a simple interview show to a multi-faceted production, featuring conversations with noted technology and science leaders, and a weekly science and technology-related commentary.",
"airtime": "FRI 10pm",
"imageSrc": "https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/04/Tech-Nation-Radio-Podcast-Tile-360x360-1.jpg",
"officialWebsiteLink": "http://technation.podomatic.com/",
"meta": {
"site": "science",
"source": "Tech Nation Media"
},
"link": "/radio/program/tech-nation",
"subscribe": {
"rss": "https://technation.podomatic.com/rss2.xml"
}
},
"ted-radio-hour": {
"id": "ted-radio-hour",
"title": "TED Radio Hour",
"info": "The TED Radio Hour is a journey through fascinating ideas, astonishing inventions, fresh approaches to old problems, and new ways to think and create.",
"airtime": "SUN 3pm-4pm, SAT 10pm-11pm",
"imageSrc": "https://ww2.kqed.org/radio/wp-content/uploads/sites/50/2018/04/tedRadioHour.jpg",
"officialWebsiteLink": "https://www.npr.org/programs/ted-radio-hour/?showDate=2018-06-22",
"meta": {
"site": "news",
"source": "npr"
},
"link": "/radio/program/ted-radio-hour",
"subscribe": {
"npr": "https://rpb3r.app.goo.gl/8vsS",
"apple": "https://itunes.apple.com/WebObjects/MZStore.woa/wa/viewPodcast?s=143441&mt=2&id=523121474&at=11l79Y&ct=nprdirectory",
"tuneIn": "https://tunein.com/radio/TED-Radio-Hour-p418021/",
"rss": "https://feeds.npr.org/510298/podcast.xml"
}
},
"thebay": {
"id": "thebay",
"title": "The Bay",
"tagline": "Local news to keep you rooted",
"info": "Host Devin Katayama walks you through the biggest story of the day with reporters and newsmakers.",
"imageSrc": "https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/04/The-Bay-Podcast-Tile-703x703-1.jpg",
"imageAlt": "KQED The Bay",
"officialWebsiteLink": "/podcasts/thebay",
"meta": {
"site": "radio",
"source": "kqed",
"order": 2
},
"link": "/podcasts/thebay",
"subscribe": {
"apple": "https://podcasts.apple.com/us/podcast/the-bay/id1350043452",
"amazon": "https://music.amazon.com/podcasts/d800ea4c-7a2c-42f2-b861-edaf78a5db0b/the-bay",
"npr": "https://www.npr.org/podcasts/586725995/the-bay",
"stitcher": "https://www.stitcher.com/podcast/kqed/the-bay",
"spotify": "https://open.spotify.com/show/4BIKBKIujizLHlIlBNaAqQ",
"rss": "https://feeds.megaphone.fm/KQINC8259786327"
}
},
"thelatest": {
"id": "thelatest",
"title": "The Latest",
"tagline": "Trusted local news in real time",
"info": "",
"imageSrc": "https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2025/05/The-Latest-2025-Podcast-Tile-703x703-1.jpg",
"imageAlt": "KQED The Latest",
"officialWebsiteLink": "/thelatest",
"meta": {
"site": "news",
"source": "kqed",
"order": 6
},
"link": "/thelatest",
"subscribe": {
"apple": "https://podcasts.apple.com/us/podcast/the-latest-from-kqed/id1197721799",
"npr": "https://www.npr.org/podcasts/1257949365/the-latest-from-k-q-e-d",
"spotify": "https://open.spotify.com/show/5KIIXMgM9GTi5AepwOYvIZ?si=bd3053fec7244dba",
"rss": "https://feeds.megaphone.fm/KQINC9137121918"
}
},
"theleap": {
"id": "theleap",
"title": "The Leap",
"tagline": "What if you closed your eyes, and jumped?",
"info": "Stories about people making dramatic, risky changes, told by award-winning public radio reporter Judy Campbell.",
"imageSrc": "https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/04/The-Leap-Podcast-Tile-703x703-1.jpg",
"imageAlt": "KQED The Leap",
"officialWebsiteLink": "/podcasts/theleap",
"meta": {
"site": "news",
"source": "kqed",
"order": 17
},
"link": "/podcasts/theleap",
"subscribe": {
"apple": "https://podcasts.apple.com/us/podcast/the-leap/id1046668171",
"npr": "https://www.npr.org/podcasts/447248267/the-leap",
"stitcher": "https://www.stitcher.com/podcast/kqed/the-leap",
"spotify": "https://open.spotify.com/show/3sSlVHHzU0ytLwuGs1SD1U",
"rss": "https://ww2.kqed.org/news/programs/the-leap/feed/podcast"
}
},
"the-moth-radio-hour": {
"id": "the-moth-radio-hour",
"title": "The Moth Radio Hour",
"info": "Since its launch in 1997, The Moth has presented thousands of true stories, told live and without notes, to standing-room-only crowds worldwide. Moth storytellers stand alone, under a spotlight, with only a microphone and a roomful of strangers. The storyteller and the audience embark on a high-wire act of shared experience which is both terrifying and exhilarating. Since 2008, The Moth podcast has featured many of our favorite stories told live on Moth stages around the country. For information on all of our programs and live events, visit themoth.org.",
"airtime": "SAT 8pm-9pm and SUN 11am-12pm",
"imageSrc": "https://ww2.kqed.org/radio/wp-content/uploads/sites/50/2018/04/theMoth.jpg",
"officialWebsiteLink": "https://themoth.org/",
"meta": {
"site": "arts",
"source": "prx"
},
"link": "/radio/program/the-moth-radio-hour",
"subscribe": {
"apple": "https://itunes.apple.com/us/podcast/the-moth-podcast/id275699983?mt=2",
"tuneIn": "https://tunein.com/radio/The-Moth-p273888/",
"rss": "http://feeds.themoth.org/themothpodcast"
}
},
"the-new-yorker-radio-hour": {
"id": "the-new-yorker-radio-hour",
"title": "The New Yorker Radio Hour",
"info": "The New Yorker Radio Hour is a weekly program presented by the magazine's editor, David Remnick, and produced by WNYC Studios and The New Yorker. Each episode features a diverse mix of interviews, profiles, storytelling, and an occasional burst of humor inspired by the magazine, and shaped by its writers, artists, and editors. This isn't a radio version of a magazine, but something all its own, reflecting the rich possibilities of audio storytelling and conversation. Theme music for the show was composed and performed by Merrill Garbus of tUnE-YArDs.",
"airtime": "SAT 10am-11am",
"imageSrc": "https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/04/The-New-Yorker-Podcast-Tile-360x360-1.jpg",
"officialWebsiteLink": "https://www.wnycstudios.org/shows/tnyradiohour",
"meta": {
"site": "arts",
"source": "WNYC"
},
"link": "/radio/program/the-new-yorker-radio-hour",
"subscribe": {
"apple": "https://itunes.apple.com/us/podcast/id1050430296",
"tuneIn": "https://tunein.com/podcasts/WNYC-Podcasts/New-Yorker-Radio-Hour-p803804/",
"rss": "https://feeds.feedburner.com/newyorkerradiohour"
}
},
"the-sam-sanders-show": {
"id": "the-sam-sanders-show",
"title": "The Sam Sanders Show",
"info": "One of public radio's most dynamic voices, Sam Sanders helped launch The NPR Politics Podcast and hosted NPR's hit show It's Been A Minute. Now, the award-winning host returns with something brand new, The Sam Sanders Show. Every week, Sam Sanders and friends dig into the culture that shapes our lives: what's driving the biggest trends, how artists really think, and even the memes you can't stop scrolling past. Sam is beloved for his way of unpacking the world and bringing you up close to fresh currents and engaging conversations. The Sam Sanders Show is smart, funny and always a good time.",
"airtime": "FRI 12-1pm AND SAT 11am-12pm",
"imageSrc": "https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2025/11/The-Sam-Sanders-Show-Podcast-Tile-400x400-1.jpg",
"officialWebsiteLink": "https://www.kcrw.com/shows/the-sam-sanders-show/latest",
"meta": {
"site": "arts",
"source": "KCRW"
},
"link": "https://www.kcrw.com/shows/the-sam-sanders-show/latest",
"subscribe": {
"rss": "https://feed.cdnstream1.com/zjb/feed/download/ac/28/59/ac28594c-e1d0-4231-8728-61865cdc80e8.xml"
}
},
"the-splendid-table": {
"id": "the-splendid-table",
"title": "The Splendid Table",
"info": "\u003cem>The Splendid Table\u003c/em> hosts our nation's conversations about cooking, sustainability and food culture.",
"imageSrc": "https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/04/The-Splendid-Table-Podcast-Tile-360x360-1.jpg",
"officialWebsiteLink": "https://www.splendidtable.org/",
"airtime": "SUN 10-11 pm",
"meta": {
"site": "radio",
"source": "npr"
},
"link": "/radio/program/the-splendid-table"
},
"this-american-life": {
"id": "this-american-life",
"title": "This American Life",
"info": "This American Life is a weekly public radio show, heard by 2.2 million people on more than 500 stations. Another 2.5 million people download the weekly podcast. It is hosted by Ira Glass, produced in collaboration with Chicago Public Media, delivered to stations by PRX The Public Radio Exchange, and has won all of the major broadcasting awards.",
"airtime": "SAT 12pm-1pm, 7pm-8pm",
"imageSrc": "https://ww2.kqed.org/radio/wp-content/uploads/sites/50/2018/04/thisAmericanLife.png",
"officialWebsiteLink": "https://www.thisamericanlife.org/",
"meta": {
"site": "news",
"source": "wbez"
},
"link": "/radio/program/this-american-life",
"subscribe": {
"apple": "https://itunes.apple.com/WebObjects/MZStore.woa/wa/viewPodcast?s=143441&mt=2&id=201671138&at=11l79Y&ct=nprdirectory",
"rss": "https://www.thisamericanlife.org/podcast/rss.xml"
}
},
"tinydeskradio": {
"id": "tinydeskradio",
"title": "Tiny Desk Radio",
"info": "We're bringing the best of Tiny Desk to the airwaves, only on public radio.",
"airtime": "SUN 8pm and SAT 9pm",
"imageSrc": "https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2025/04/300x300-For-Member-Station-Logo-Tiny-Desk-Radio-@2x.png",
"officialWebsiteLink": "https://www.npr.org/series/g-s1-52030/tiny-desk-radio",
"meta": {
"site": "news",
"source": "npr"
},
"link": "/radio/program/tinydeskradio",
"subscribe": {
"rss": "https://feeds.npr.org/g-s1-52030/rss.xml"
}
},
"wait-wait-dont-tell-me": {
"id": "wait-wait-dont-tell-me",
"title": "Wait Wait... Don't Tell Me!",
"info": "Peter Sagal and Bill Kurtis host the weekly NPR News quiz show alongside some of the best and brightest news and entertainment personalities.",
"airtime": "SUN 10am-11am, SAT 11am-12pm, SAT 6pm-7pm",
"imageSrc": "https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/04/Wait-Wait-Podcast-Tile-300x300-1.jpg",
"officialWebsiteLink": "https://www.npr.org/programs/wait-wait-dont-tell-me/",
"meta": {
"site": "news",
"source": "npr"
},
"link": "/radio/program/wait-wait-dont-tell-me",
"subscribe": {
"npr": "https://rpb3r.app.goo.gl/Xogv",
"apple": "https://itunes.apple.com/WebObjects/MZStore.woa/wa/viewPodcast?s=143441&mt=2&id=121493804&at=11l79Y&ct=nprdirectory",
"tuneIn": "https://tunein.com/radio/Wait-Wait-Dont-Tell-Me-p46/",
"rss": "https://feeds.npr.org/344098539/podcast.xml"
}
},
"weekend-edition-saturday": {
"id": "weekend-edition-saturday",
"title": "Weekend Edition Saturday",
"info": "Weekend Edition Saturday wraps up the week's news and offers a mix of analysis and features on a wide range of topics, including arts, sports, entertainment, and human interest stories. The two-hour program is hosted by NPR's Peabody Award-winning Scott Simon.",
"airtime": "SAT 5am-10am",
"imageSrc": "https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/04/Weekend-Edition-Podcast-Tile-360x360-1.jpg",
"officialWebsiteLink": "https://www.npr.org/programs/weekend-edition-saturday/",
"meta": {
"site": "news",
"source": "npr"
},
"link": "/radio/program/weekend-edition-saturday"
},
"weekend-edition-sunday": {
"id": "weekend-edition-sunday",
"title": "Weekend Edition Sunday",
"info": "Weekend Edition Sunday features interviews with newsmakers, artists, scientists, politicians, musicians, writers, theologians and historians. The program has covered news events from Nelson Mandela's 1990 release from a South African prison to the capture of Saddam Hussein.",
"airtime": "SUN 5am-10am",
"imageSrc": "https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/04/Weekend-Edition-Podcast-Tile-360x360-1.jpg",
"officialWebsiteLink": "https://www.npr.org/programs/weekend-edition-sunday/",
"meta": {
"site": "news",
"source": "npr"
},
"link": "/radio/program/weekend-edition-sunday"
}
},
"racesReducer": {},
"racesGenElectionReducer": {},
"racesGenElection2026Reducer": {},
"racesGenElection2026PresidentialReducer": {},
"radioSchedulesReducer": {},
"listsReducer": {
"posts/futureofyou?tag=brain": {
"isFetching": false,
"latestQuery": {
"from": 24,
"size": 12
},
"vitalsOnly": false,
"totalRequested": 12,
"isLoading": false,
"isLoadingMore": true,
"total": {
"value": 39,
"relation": "eq"
},
"items": [
"futureofyou_440728",
"futureofyou_440672",
"futureofyou_440231",
"futureofyou_439938",
"futureofyou_439750",
"futureofyou_439399",
"futureofyou_436054",
"futureofyou_435638",
"futureofyou_434763",
"futureofyou_415148",
"futureofyou_262412",
"futureofyou_260662"
],
"complete": true
}
},
"recallGuideReducer": {
"intros": {},
"policy": {},
"candidates": {}
},
"savedArticleReducer": {
"articles": [],
"status": {}
},
"newslettersReducer": {
"isFetching": false,
"fetchFailed": false,
"hasFetched": false,
"newsletters": {},
"isSubscribing": false,
"isUnsubscribing": false,
"subscribedNewsletters": {}
},
"termsReducer": {
"about": {
"name": "About",
"type": "terms",
"id": "about",
"slug": "about",
"link": "/about",
"taxonomy": "site"
},
"arts": {
"name": "Arts & Culture",
"grouping": [
"arts",
"pop",
"trulyca"
],
"description": "KQED Arts provides daily in-depth coverage of the Bay Area's music, art, film, performing arts, literature and arts news, as well as cultural commentary and criticism.",
"type": "terms",
"id": "arts",
"slug": "arts",
"link": "/arts",
"taxonomy": "site"
},
"artschool": {
"name": "Art School",
"parent": "arts",
"type": "terms",
"id": "artschool",
"slug": "artschool",
"link": "/artschool",
"taxonomy": "site"
},
"bayareabites": {
"name": "KQED food",
"grouping": [
"food",
"bayareabites",
"checkplease"
],
"parent": "food",
"type": "terms",
"id": "bayareabites",
"slug": "bayareabites",
"link": "/food",
"taxonomy": "site"
},
"bayareahiphop": {
"name": "Bay Area Hiphop",
"type": "terms",
"id": "bayareahiphop",
"slug": "bayareahiphop",
"link": "/bayareahiphop",
"taxonomy": "site"
},
"campaign21": {
"name": "Campaign 21",
"type": "terms",
"id": "campaign21",
"slug": "campaign21",
"link": "/campaign21",
"taxonomy": "site"
},
"careers": {
"name": "Careers",
"type": "terms",
"id": "careers",
"slug": "careers",
"link": "/careers",
"taxonomy": "site"
},
"checkplease": {
"name": "KQED food",
"grouping": [
"food",
"bayareabites",
"checkplease"
],
"parent": "food",
"type": "terms",
"id": "checkplease",
"slug": "checkplease",
"link": "/food",
"taxonomy": "site"
},
"education": {
"name": "Education",
"grouping": [
"education"
],
"type": "terms",
"id": "education",
"slug": "education",
"link": "/education",
"taxonomy": "site"
},
"elections": {
"name": "Elections",
"type": "terms",
"id": "elections",
"slug": "elections",
"link": "/elections",
"taxonomy": "site"
},
"events": {
"name": "Events",
"type": "terms",
"id": "events",
"slug": "events",
"link": "/events",
"taxonomy": "site"
},
"event": {
"name": "Event",
"alias": "events",
"type": "terms",
"id": "event",
"slug": "event",
"link": "/event",
"taxonomy": "site"
},
"filmschoolshorts": {
"name": "Film School Shorts",
"type": "terms",
"id": "filmschoolshorts",
"slug": "filmschoolshorts",
"link": "/filmschoolshorts",
"taxonomy": "site"
},
"food": {
"name": "KQED food",
"grouping": [
"food",
"bayareabites",
"checkplease"
],
"type": "terms",
"id": "food",
"slug": "food",
"link": "/food",
"taxonomy": "site"
},
"forum": {
"name": "Forum",
"relatedContentQuery": "posts/forum?",
"parent": "news",
"type": "terms",
"id": "forum",
"slug": "forum",
"link": "/forum",
"taxonomy": "site"
},
"futureofyou": {
"name": "Future of You",
"grouping": [
"science",
"futureofyou"
],
"parent": "science",
"type": "terms",
"id": "futureofyou",
"slug": "futureofyou",
"link": "/futureofyou",
"taxonomy": "site"
},
"jpepinheart": {
"name": "KQED food",
"relatedContentQuery": "posts/food,bayareabites,checkplease",
"parent": "food",
"type": "terms",
"id": "jpepinheart",
"slug": "jpepinheart",
"link": "/food",
"taxonomy": "site"
},
"liveblog": {
"name": "Live Blog",
"type": "terms",
"id": "liveblog",
"slug": "liveblog",
"link": "/liveblog",
"taxonomy": "site"
},
"livetv": {
"name": "Live TV",
"parent": "tv",
"type": "terms",
"id": "livetv",
"slug": "livetv",
"link": "/livetv",
"taxonomy": "site"
},
"lowdown": {
"name": "The Lowdown",
"relatedContentQuery": "posts/lowdown?",
"parent": "news",
"type": "terms",
"id": "lowdown",
"slug": "lowdown",
"link": "/lowdown",
"taxonomy": "site"
},
"mindshift": {
"name": "Mindshift",
"parent": "news",
"description": "MindShift explores the future of education by highlighting the innovative – and sometimes counterintuitive – ways educators and parents are helping all children succeed.",
"type": "terms",
"id": "mindshift",
"slug": "mindshift",
"link": "/mindshift",
"taxonomy": "site"
},
"news": {
"name": "News",
"grouping": [
"news",
"forum"
],
"type": "terms",
"id": "news",
"slug": "news",
"link": "/news",
"taxonomy": "site"
},
"newsletters": {
"name": "newsletters",
"type": "terms",
"id": "newsletters",
"slug": "newsletters",
"link": "/newsletters",
"taxonomy": "site"
},
"perspectives": {
"name": "Perspectives",
"parent": "radio",
"type": "terms",
"id": "perspectives",
"slug": "perspectives",
"link": "/perspectives",
"taxonomy": "site"
},
"podcasts": {
"name": "Podcasts",
"type": "terms",
"id": "podcasts",
"slug": "podcasts",
"link": "/podcasts",
"taxonomy": "site"
},
"pop": {
"name": "Pop",
"parent": "arts",
"type": "terms",
"id": "pop",
"slug": "pop",
"link": "/pop",
"taxonomy": "site"
},
"pressroom": {
"name": "Pressroom",
"type": "terms",
"id": "pressroom",
"slug": "pressroom",
"link": "/pressroom",
"taxonomy": "site"
},
"quest": {
"name": "Quest",
"parent": "science",
"type": "terms",
"id": "quest",
"slug": "quest",
"link": "/quest",
"taxonomy": "site"
},
"radio": {
"name": "Radio",
"grouping": [
"forum",
"perspectives"
],
"description": "Listen to KQED Public Radio – home of Forum and The California Report – on 88.5 FM in San Francisco, 89.3 FM in Sacramento, 88.3 FM in Santa Rosa and 88.1 FM in Martinez.",
"type": "terms",
"id": "radio",
"slug": "radio",
"link": "/radio",
"taxonomy": "site"
},
"root": {
"name": "KQED",
"image": "https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/2020/02/KQED-OG-Image@1x.png",
"imageWidth": 1200,
"imageHeight": 630,
"headData": {
"title": "KQED | News, Radio, Podcasts, TV | Public Media for Northern California",
"description": "KQED provides public radio, television, and independent reporting on issues that matter to the Bay Area. We’re the NPR and PBS member station for Northern California."
},
"type": "terms",
"id": "root",
"slug": "root",
"link": "/root",
"taxonomy": "site"
},
"science": {
"name": "Science",
"grouping": [
"science",
"futureofyou"
],
"description": "KQED Science brings you award-winning science and environment coverage from the Bay Area and beyond.",
"type": "terms",
"id": "science",
"slug": "science",
"link": "/science",
"taxonomy": "site"
},
"stateofhealth": {
"name": "State of Health",
"parent": "science",
"type": "terms",
"id": "stateofhealth",
"slug": "stateofhealth",
"link": "/stateofhealth",
"taxonomy": "site"
},
"support": {
"name": "Support",
"type": "terms",
"id": "support",
"slug": "support",
"link": "/support",
"taxonomy": "site"
},
"thedolist": {
"name": "The Do List",
"parent": "arts",
"type": "terms",
"id": "thedolist",
"slug": "thedolist",
"link": "/thedolist",
"taxonomy": "site"
},
"trulyca": {
"name": "Truly CA",
"grouping": [
"arts",
"pop",
"trulyca"
],
"parent": "arts",
"type": "terms",
"id": "trulyca",
"slug": "trulyca",
"link": "/trulyca",
"taxonomy": "site"
},
"tv": {
"name": "TV",
"type": "terms",
"id": "tv",
"slug": "tv",
"link": "/tv",
"taxonomy": "site"
},
"voterguide": {
"name": "Voter Guide",
"parent": "elections",
"alias": "elections",
"type": "terms",
"id": "voterguide",
"slug": "voterguide",
"link": "/voterguide",
"taxonomy": "site"
},
"guiaelectoral": {
"name": "Guia Electoral",
"parent": "elections",
"alias": "elections",
"type": "terms",
"id": "guiaelectoral",
"slug": "guiaelectoral",
"link": "/guiaelectoral",
"taxonomy": "site"
},
"futureofyou_tag_brain": {
"isLoading": true
},
"futureofyou_56": {
"type": "terms",
"id": "futureofyou_56",
"meta": {
"index": "terms_1716263798",
"site": "futureofyou",
"id": "56",
"found": true
},
"relationships": {},
"featImg": null,
"name": "brain",
"description": null,
"taxonomy": "tag",
"headData": {
"twImgId": null,
"twTitle": null,
"ogTitle": null,
"ogImgId": null,
"twDescription": null,
"description": null,
"title": "brain Archives | KQED Arts",
"ogDescription": null
},
"ttid": 56,
"slug": "brain",
"isLoading": false,
"link": "/futureofyou/tag/brain"
},
"source_futureofyou_440728": {
"type": "terms",
"id": "source_futureofyou_440728",
"meta": {
"override": true
},
"name": "Health",
"isLoading": false
},
"source_futureofyou_440672": {
"type": "terms",
"id": "source_futureofyou_440672",
"meta": {
"override": true
},
"name": "Health",
"isLoading": false
},
"source_futureofyou_440231": {
"type": "terms",
"id": "source_futureofyou_440231",
"meta": {
"override": true
},
"name": "Your Brain On Tech",
"isLoading": false
},
"futureofyou_452": {
"type": "terms",
"id": "futureofyou_452",
"meta": {
"index": "terms_1716263798",
"site": "futureofyou",
"id": "452",
"found": true
},
"relationships": {},
"featImg": null,
"name": "Health Policy",
"description": null,
"taxonomy": "category",
"headData": {
"twImgId": null,
"twTitle": null,
"ogTitle": null,
"ogImgId": null,
"twDescription": null,
"description": null,
"title": "Health Policy Archives | KQED Arts",
"ogDescription": null
},
"ttid": 452,
"slug": "health-policy",
"isLoading": false,
"link": "/futureofyou/category/health-policy"
},
"futureofyou_1": {
"type": "terms",
"id": "futureofyou_1",
"meta": {
"index": "terms_1716263798",
"site": "futureofyou",
"id": "1",
"found": true
},
"relationships": {},
"featImg": null,
"name": "KQED Future Of You",
"description": null,
"taxonomy": "category",
"headData": {
"twImgId": null,
"twTitle": null,
"ogTitle": null,
"ogImgId": null,
"twDescription": null,
"description": null,
"title": "KQED Future Of You Archives | KQED Arts",
"ogDescription": null
},
"ttid": 1,
"slug": "future-of-you",
"isLoading": false,
"link": "/futureofyou/category/future-of-you"
},
"futureofyou_999": {
"type": "terms",
"id": "futureofyou_999",
"meta": {
"index": "terms_1716263798",
"site": "futureofyou",
"id": "999",
"found": true
},
"relationships": {},
"featImg": null,
"name": "Alzheimer's",
"description": null,
"taxonomy": "tag",
"headData": {
"twImgId": null,
"twTitle": null,
"ogTitle": null,
"ogImgId": null,
"twDescription": null,
"description": null,
"title": "Alzheimer's Archives | KQED Arts",
"ogDescription": null
},
"ttid": 999,
"slug": "alzheimers",
"isLoading": false,
"link": "/futureofyou/tag/alzheimers"
},
"futureofyou_1023": {
"type": "terms",
"id": "futureofyou_1023",
"meta": {
"index": "terms_1716263798",
"site": "futureofyou",
"id": "1023",
"found": true
},
"relationships": {},
"featImg": null,
"name": "dementia",
"description": null,
"taxonomy": "tag",
"headData": {
"twImgId": null,
"twTitle": null,
"ogTitle": null,
"ogImgId": null,
"twDescription": null,
"description": null,
"title": "dementia Archives | KQED Arts",
"ogDescription": null
},
"ttid": 1023,
"slug": "dementia",
"isLoading": false,
"link": "/futureofyou/tag/dementia"
},
"futureofyou_141": {
"type": "terms",
"id": "futureofyou_141",
"meta": {
"index": "terms_1716263798",
"site": "futureofyou",
"id": "141",
"found": true
},
"relationships": {},
"featImg": null,
"name": "disease",
"description": null,
"taxonomy": "tag",
"headData": {
"twImgId": null,
"twTitle": null,
"ogTitle": null,
"ogImgId": null,
"twDescription": null,
"description": null,
"title": "disease Archives | KQED Arts",
"ogDescription": null
},
"ttid": 141,
"slug": "disease",
"isLoading": false,
"link": "/futureofyou/tag/disease"
},
"futureofyou_61": {
"type": "terms",
"id": "futureofyou_61",
"meta": {
"index": "terms_1716263798",
"site": "futureofyou",
"id": "61",
"found": true
},
"relationships": {},
"featImg": null,
"name": "Health",
"description": null,
"taxonomy": "tag",
"headData": {
"twImgId": null,
"twTitle": null,
"ogTitle": null,
"ogImgId": null,
"twDescription": null,
"description": null,
"title": "Health Archives | KQED Arts",
"ogDescription": null
},
"ttid": 61,
"slug": "health",
"isLoading": false,
"link": "/futureofyou/tag/health"
},
"futureofyou_1056": {
"type": "terms",
"id": "futureofyou_1056",
"meta": {
"index": "terms_1716263798",
"site": "futureofyou",
"id": "1056",
"found": true
},
"relationships": {},
"featImg": null,
"name": "medical treatment",
"description": null,
"taxonomy": "tag",
"headData": {
"twImgId": null,
"twTitle": null,
"ogTitle": null,
"ogImgId": null,
"twDescription": null,
"description": null,
"title": "medical treatment Archives | KQED Arts",
"ogDescription": null
},
"ttid": 1056,
"slug": "medical-treatment",
"isLoading": false,
"link": "/futureofyou/tag/medical-treatment"
},
"futureofyou_1060": {
"type": "terms",
"id": "futureofyou_1060",
"meta": {
"index": "terms_1716263798",
"site": "futureofyou",
"id": "1060",
"found": true
},
"relationships": {},
"featImg": null,
"name": "DIY Health",
"description": null,
"taxonomy": "category",
"headData": {
"twImgId": null,
"twTitle": null,
"ogTitle": null,
"ogImgId": null,
"twDescription": null,
"description": null,
"title": "DIY Health Archives | KQED Arts",
"ogDescription": null
},
"ttid": 1060,
"slug": "diy-health",
"isLoading": false,
"link": "/futureofyou/category/diy-health"
},
"futureofyou_204": {
"type": "terms",
"id": "futureofyou_204",
"meta": {
"index": "terms_1716263798",
"site": "futureofyou",
"id": "204",
"found": true
},
"relationships": {},
"featImg": null,
"name": "mental health",
"description": null,
"taxonomy": "tag",
"headData": {
"twImgId": null,
"twTitle": null,
"ogTitle": null,
"ogImgId": null,
"twDescription": null,
"description": null,
"title": "mental health Archives | KQED Arts",
"ogDescription": null
},
"ttid": 204,
"slug": "mental-health",
"isLoading": false,
"link": "/futureofyou/tag/mental-health"
},
"futureofyou_1224": {
"type": "terms",
"id": "futureofyou_1224",
"meta": {
"index": "terms_1716263798",
"site": "futureofyou",
"id": "1224",
"found": true
},
"relationships": {},
"featImg": null,
"name": "psychology",
"description": null,
"taxonomy": "tag",
"headData": {
"twImgId": null,
"twTitle": null,
"ogTitle": null,
"ogImgId": null,
"twDescription": null,
"description": null,
"title": "psychology Archives | KQED Arts",
"ogDescription": null
},
"ttid": 1224,
"slug": "psychology",
"isLoading": false,
"link": "/futureofyou/tag/psychology"
},
"futureofyou_1093": {
"type": "terms",
"id": "futureofyou_1093",
"meta": {
"index": "terms_1716263798",
"site": "futureofyou",
"id": "1093",
"found": true
},
"relationships": {},
"featImg": null,
"name": "DIY Health",
"description": null,
"taxonomy": "collection",
"headData": {
"twImgId": null,
"twTitle": null,
"ogTitle": null,
"ogImgId": null,
"twDescription": null,
"description": null,
"title": "DIY Health Archives | KQED Arts",
"ogDescription": null
},
"ttid": 1093,
"slug": "diy-health",
"isLoading": false,
"link": "/futureofyou/collection/diy-health"
},
"futureofyou_1062": {
"type": "terms",
"id": "futureofyou_1062",
"meta": {
"index": "terms_1716263798",
"site": "futureofyou",
"id": "1062",
"found": true
},
"relationships": {},
"featImg": null,
"name": "Hope/Hype",
"description": null,
"taxonomy": "category",
"headData": {
"twImgId": null,
"twTitle": null,
"ogTitle": null,
"ogImgId": null,
"twDescription": null,
"description": null,
"title": "Hope/Hype Archives | KQED Arts",
"ogDescription": null
},
"ttid": 1062,
"slug": "hopehype",
"isLoading": false,
"link": "/futureofyou/category/hopehype"
},
"futureofyou_1061": {
"type": "terms",
"id": "futureofyou_1061",
"meta": {
"index": "terms_1716263798",
"site": "futureofyou",
"id": "1061",
"found": true
},
"relationships": {},
"featImg": null,
"name": "Your Brain on Tech",
"description": null,
"taxonomy": "category",
"headData": {
"twImgId": null,
"twTitle": null,
"ogTitle": null,
"ogImgId": null,
"twDescription": null,
"description": null,
"title": "Your Brain on Tech Archives | KQED Arts",
"ogDescription": null
},
"ttid": 1061,
"slug": "your-brain-on-tech",
"isLoading": false,
"link": "/futureofyou/category/your-brain-on-tech"
},
"futureofyou_849": {
"type": "terms",
"id": "futureofyou_849",
"meta": {
"index": "terms_1716263798",
"site": "futureofyou",
"id": "849",
"found": true
},
"relationships": {},
"featImg": null,
"name": "artificial intelligence",
"description": null,
"taxonomy": "tag",
"headData": {
"twImgId": null,
"twTitle": null,
"ogTitle": null,
"ogImgId": null,
"twDescription": null,
"description": null,
"title": "artificial intelligence Archives | KQED Arts",
"ogDescription": null
},
"ttid": 849,
"slug": "artificial-intelligence",
"isLoading": false,
"link": "/futureofyou/tag/artificial-intelligence"
},
"futureofyou_905": {
"type": "terms",
"id": "futureofyou_905",
"meta": {
"index": "terms_1716263798",
"site": "futureofyou",
"id": "905",
"found": true
},
"relationships": {},
"featImg": null,
"name": "computers",
"description": null,
"taxonomy": "tag",
"headData": {
"twImgId": null,
"twTitle": null,
"ogTitle": null,
"ogImgId": null,
"twDescription": null,
"description": null,
"title": "computers Archives | KQED Arts",
"ogDescription": null
},
"ttid": 905,
"slug": "computers",
"isLoading": false,
"link": "/futureofyou/tag/computers"
},
"futureofyou_131": {
"type": "terms",
"id": "futureofyou_131",
"meta": {
"index": "terms_1716263798",
"site": "futureofyou",
"id": "131",
"found": true
},
"relationships": {},
"featImg": null,
"name": "google",
"description": null,
"taxonomy": "tag",
"headData": {
"twImgId": null,
"twTitle": null,
"ogTitle": null,
"ogImgId": null,
"twDescription": null,
"description": null,
"title": "google Archives | KQED Arts",
"ogDescription": null
},
"ttid": 131,
"slug": "google",
"isLoading": false,
"link": "/futureofyou/tag/google"
},
"futureofyou_73": {
"type": "terms",
"id": "futureofyou_73",
"meta": {
"index": "terms_1716263798",
"site": "futureofyou",
"id": "73",
"found": true
},
"relationships": {},
"featImg": null,
"name": "KQED News",
"description": null,
"taxonomy": "category",
"headData": {
"twImgId": null,
"twTitle": null,
"ogTitle": null,
"ogImgId": null,
"twDescription": null,
"description": null,
"title": "KQED News Archives | KQED Arts",
"ogDescription": null
},
"ttid": 73,
"slug": "kqed-news",
"isLoading": false,
"link": "/futureofyou/category/kqed-news"
},
"futureofyou_532": {
"type": "terms",
"id": "futureofyou_532",
"meta": {
"index": "terms_1716263798",
"site": "futureofyou",
"id": "532",
"found": true
},
"relationships": {},
"featImg": null,
"name": "Aging",
"description": null,
"taxonomy": "tag",
"headData": {
"twImgId": null,
"twTitle": null,
"ogTitle": null,
"ogImgId": null,
"twDescription": null,
"description": null,
"title": "Aging Archives | KQED Arts",
"ogDescription": null
},
"ttid": 532,
"slug": "aging",
"isLoading": false,
"link": "/futureofyou/tag/aging"
},
"futureofyou_426": {
"type": "terms",
"id": "futureofyou_426",
"meta": {
"index": "terms_1716263798",
"site": "futureofyou",
"id": "426",
"found": true
},
"relationships": {},
"featImg": null,
"name": "food",
"description": null,
"taxonomy": "tag",
"headData": {
"twImgId": null,
"twTitle": null,
"ogTitle": null,
"ogImgId": null,
"twDescription": null,
"description": null,
"title": "food Archives | KQED Arts",
"ogDescription": null
},
"ttid": 426,
"slug": "food",
"isLoading": false,
"link": "/futureofyou/tag/food"
},
"futureofyou_327": {
"type": "terms",
"id": "futureofyou_327",
"meta": {
"index": "terms_1716263798",
"site": "futureofyou",
"id": "327",
"found": true
},
"relationships": {},
"featImg": null,
"name": "immune system",
"description": null,
"taxonomy": "tag",
"headData": {
"twImgId": null,
"twTitle": null,
"ogTitle": null,
"ogImgId": null,
"twDescription": null,
"description": null,
"title": "immune system Archives | KQED Arts",
"ogDescription": null
},
"ttid": 327,
"slug": "immune-system",
"isLoading": false,
"link": "/futureofyou/tag/immune-system"
},
"futureofyou_1008": {
"type": "terms",
"id": "futureofyou_1008",
"meta": {
"index": "terms_1716263798",
"site": "futureofyou",
"id": "1008",
"found": true
},
"relationships": {},
"featImg": null,
"name": "elderly",
"description": null,
"taxonomy": "tag",
"headData": {
"twImgId": null,
"twTitle": null,
"ogTitle": null,
"ogImgId": null,
"twDescription": null,
"description": null,
"title": "elderly Archives | KQED Arts",
"ogDescription": null
},
"ttid": 1008,
"slug": "elderly",
"isLoading": false,
"link": "/futureofyou/tag/elderly"
},
"futureofyou_1047": {
"type": "terms",
"id": "futureofyou_1047",
"meta": {
"index": "terms_1716263798",
"site": "futureofyou",
"id": "1047",
"found": true
},
"relationships": {},
"featImg": null,
"name": "memory",
"description": null,
"taxonomy": "tag",
"headData": {
"twImgId": null,
"twTitle": null,
"ogTitle": null,
"ogImgId": null,
"twDescription": null,
"description": null,
"title": "memory Archives | KQED Arts",
"ogDescription": null
},
"ttid": 1047,
"slug": "memory",
"isLoading": false,
"link": "/futureofyou/tag/memory"
},
"futureofyou_173": {
"type": "terms",
"id": "futureofyou_173",
"meta": {
"index": "terms_1716263798",
"site": "futureofyou",
"id": "173",
"found": true
},
"relationships": {},
"featImg": null,
"name": "medicine",
"description": null,
"taxonomy": "tag",
"headData": {
"twImgId": null,
"twTitle": null,
"ogTitle": null,
"ogImgId": null,
"twDescription": null,
"description": null,
"title": "medicine Archives | KQED Arts",
"ogDescription": null
},
"ttid": 173,
"slug": "medicine",
"isLoading": false,
"link": "/futureofyou/tag/medicine"
},
"futureofyou_1123": {
"type": "terms",
"id": "futureofyou_1123",
"meta": {
"index": "terms_1716263798",
"site": "futureofyou",
"id": "1123",
"found": true
},
"relationships": {},
"featImg": null,
"name": "mind-body connection",
"description": null,
"taxonomy": "tag",
"headData": {
"twImgId": null,
"twTitle": null,
"ogTitle": null,
"ogImgId": null,
"twDescription": null,
"description": null,
"title": "mind-body connection Archives | KQED Arts",
"ogDescription": null
},
"ttid": 1123,
"slug": "mind-body-connection",
"isLoading": false,
"link": "/futureofyou/tag/mind-body-connection"
},
"futureofyou_949": {
"type": "terms",
"id": "futureofyou_949",
"meta": {
"index": "terms_1716263798",
"site": "futureofyou",
"id": "949",
"found": true
},
"relationships": {},
"featImg": null,
"name": "multiple sclerosis",
"description": null,
"taxonomy": "tag",
"headData": {
"twImgId": null,
"twTitle": null,
"ogTitle": null,
"ogImgId": null,
"twDescription": null,
"description": null,
"title": "multiple sclerosis Archives | KQED Arts",
"ogDescription": null
},
"ttid": 949,
"slug": "multiple-sclerosis",
"isLoading": false,
"link": "/futureofyou/tag/multiple-sclerosis"
},
"futureofyou_59": {
"type": "terms",
"id": "futureofyou_59",
"meta": {
"index": "terms_1716263798",
"site": "futureofyou",
"id": "59",
"found": true
},
"relationships": {},
"featImg": null,
"name": "neuroscience",
"description": null,
"taxonomy": "tag",
"headData": {
"twImgId": null,
"twTitle": null,
"ogTitle": null,
"ogImgId": null,
"twDescription": null,
"description": null,
"title": "neuroscience Archives | KQED Arts",
"ogDescription": null
},
"ttid": 59,
"slug": "neuroscience",
"isLoading": false,
"link": "/futureofyou/tag/neuroscience"
},
"futureofyou_673": {
"type": "terms",
"id": "futureofyou_673",
"meta": {
"index": "terms_1716263798",
"site": "futureofyou",
"id": "673",
"found": true
},
"relationships": {},
"featImg": null,
"name": "brain function",
"description": null,
"taxonomy": "tag",
"headData": {
"twImgId": null,
"twTitle": null,
"ogTitle": null,
"ogImgId": null,
"twDescription": null,
"description": null,
"title": "brain function Archives | KQED Arts",
"ogDescription": null
},
"ttid": 673,
"slug": "brain-function",
"isLoading": false,
"link": "/futureofyou/tag/brain-function"
},
"futureofyou_1363": {
"type": "terms",
"id": "futureofyou_1363",
"meta": {
"index": "terms_1716263798",
"site": "futureofyou",
"id": "1363",
"found": true
},
"relationships": {},
"featImg": null,
"name": "vegetative state",
"description": null,
"taxonomy": "tag",
"headData": {
"twImgId": null,
"twTitle": null,
"ogTitle": null,
"ogImgId": null,
"twDescription": null,
"description": null,
"title": "vegetative state Archives | KQED Arts",
"ogDescription": null
},
"ttid": 1363,
"slug": "vegetative-state",
"isLoading": false,
"link": "/futureofyou/tag/vegetative-state"
},
"futureofyou_1275": {
"type": "terms",
"id": "futureofyou_1275",
"meta": {
"index": "terms_1716263798",
"site": "futureofyou",
"id": "1275",
"found": true
},
"relationships": {},
"featImg": null,
"name": "featured",
"description": null,
"taxonomy": "tag",
"headData": {
"twImgId": null,
"twTitle": null,
"ogTitle": null,
"ogImgId": null,
"twDescription": null,
"description": null,
"title": "featured Archives | KQED Arts",
"ogDescription": null
},
"ttid": 1275,
"slug": "featured",
"isLoading": false,
"link": "/futureofyou/tag/featured"
},
"futureofyou_162": {
"type": "terms",
"id": "futureofyou_162",
"meta": {
"index": "terms_1716263798",
"site": "futureofyou",
"id": "162",
"found": true
},
"relationships": {},
"featImg": null,
"name": "video games",
"description": null,
"taxonomy": "tag",
"headData": {
"twImgId": null,
"twTitle": null,
"ogTitle": null,
"ogImgId": null,
"twDescription": null,
"description": null,
"title": "video games Archives | KQED Arts",
"ogDescription": null
},
"ttid": 162,
"slug": "video-games",
"isLoading": false,
"link": "/futureofyou/tag/video-games"
},
"futureofyou_555": {
"type": "terms",
"id": "futureofyou_555",
"meta": {
"index": "terms_1716263798",
"site": "futureofyou",
"id": "555",
"found": true
},
"relationships": {},
"featImg": null,
"name": "autism",
"description": null,
"taxonomy": "tag",
"headData": {
"twImgId": null,
"twTitle": null,
"ogTitle": null,
"ogImgId": null,
"twDescription": null,
"description": null,
"title": "autism Archives | KQED Arts",
"ogDescription": null
},
"ttid": 555,
"slug": "autism",
"isLoading": false,
"link": "/futureofyou/tag/autism"
},
"futureofyou_1316": {
"type": "terms",
"id": "futureofyou_1316",
"meta": {
"index": "terms_1716263798",
"site": "futureofyou",
"id": "1316",
"found": true
},
"relationships": {},
"featImg": null,
"name": "body language",
"description": null,
"taxonomy": "tag",
"headData": {
"twImgId": null,
"twTitle": null,
"ogTitle": null,
"ogImgId": null,
"twDescription": null,
"description": null,
"title": "body language Archives | KQED Arts",
"ogDescription": null
},
"ttid": 1316,
"slug": "body-language",
"isLoading": false,
"link": "/futureofyou/tag/body-language"
},
"futureofyou_1314": {
"type": "terms",
"id": "futureofyou_1314",
"meta": {
"index": "terms_1716263798",
"site": "futureofyou",
"id": "1314",
"found": true
},
"relationships": {},
"featImg": null,
"name": "emotions",
"description": null,
"taxonomy": "tag",
"headData": {
"twImgId": null,
"twTitle": null,
"ogTitle": null,
"ogImgId": null,
"twDescription": null,
"description": null,
"title": "emotions Archives | KQED Arts",
"ogDescription": null
},
"ttid": 1314,
"slug": "emotions",
"isLoading": false,
"link": "/futureofyou/tag/emotions"
},
"futureofyou_1315": {
"type": "terms",
"id": "futureofyou_1315",
"meta": {
"index": "terms_1716263798",
"site": "futureofyou",
"id": "1315",
"found": true
},
"relationships": {},
"featImg": null,
"name": "Forum",
"description": null,
"taxonomy": "tag",
"headData": {
"twImgId": null,
"twTitle": null,
"ogTitle": null,
"ogImgId": null,
"twDescription": null,
"description": null,
"title": "Forum Archives | KQED Arts",
"ogDescription": null
},
"ttid": 1315,
"slug": "forum",
"isLoading": false,
"link": "/futureofyou/tag/forum"
},
"futureofyou_1317": {
"type": "terms",
"id": "futureofyou_1317",
"meta": {
"index": "terms_1716263798",
"site": "futureofyou",
"id": "1317",
"found": true
},
"relationships": {},
"featImg": null,
"name": "super-agers",
"description": null,
"taxonomy": "tag",
"headData": {
"twImgId": null,
"twTitle": null,
"ogTitle": null,
"ogImgId": null,
"twDescription": null,
"description": null,
"title": "super-agers Archives | KQED Arts",
"ogDescription": null
},
"ttid": 1317,
"slug": "super-agers",
"isLoading": false,
"link": "/futureofyou/tag/super-agers"
},
"futureofyou_1103": {
"type": "terms",
"id": "futureofyou_1103",
"meta": {
"index": "terms_1716263798",
"site": "futureofyou",
"id": "1103",
"found": true
},
"relationships": {},
"featImg": null,
"name": "focus",
"description": null,
"taxonomy": "tag",
"headData": {
"twImgId": null,
"twTitle": null,
"ogTitle": null,
"ogImgId": null,
"twDescription": null,
"description": null,
"title": "focus Archives | KQED Arts",
"ogDescription": null
},
"ttid": 1103,
"slug": "focus",
"isLoading": false,
"link": "/futureofyou/tag/focus"
},
"futureofyou_80": {
"type": "terms",
"id": "futureofyou_80",
"meta": {
"index": "terms_1716263798",
"site": "futureofyou",
"id": "80",
"found": true
},
"relationships": {},
"featImg": null,
"name": "kqedscience",
"description": null,
"taxonomy": "tag",
"headData": {
"twImgId": null,
"twTitle": null,
"ogTitle": null,
"ogImgId": null,
"twDescription": null,
"description": null,
"title": "kqedscience Archives | KQED Arts",
"ogDescription": null
},
"ttid": 80,
"slug": "kqedscience",
"isLoading": false,
"link": "/futureofyou/tag/kqedscience"
},
"futureofyou_469": {
"type": "terms",
"id": "futureofyou_469",
"meta": {
"index": "terms_1716263798",
"site": "futureofyou",
"id": "469",
"found": true
},
"relationships": {},
"featImg": null,
"name": "health policy",
"description": null,
"taxonomy": "tag",
"headData": {
"twImgId": null,
"twTitle": null,
"ogTitle": null,
"ogImgId": null,
"twDescription": null,
"description": null,
"title": "health policy Archives | KQED Arts",
"ogDescription": null
},
"ttid": 469,
"slug": "health-policy",
"isLoading": false,
"link": "/futureofyou/tag/health-policy"
},
"futureofyou_1107": {
"type": "terms",
"id": "futureofyou_1107",
"meta": {
"index": "terms_1716263798",
"site": "futureofyou",
"id": "1107",
"found": true
},
"relationships": {},
"featImg": null,
"name": "KQED News",
"description": null,
"taxonomy": "tag",
"headData": {
"twImgId": null,
"twTitle": null,
"ogTitle": null,
"ogImgId": null,
"twDescription": null,
"description": null,
"title": "KQED News Archives | KQED Arts",
"ogDescription": null
},
"ttid": 1107,
"slug": "kqed-news",
"isLoading": false,
"link": "/futureofyou/tag/kqed-news"
},
"futureofyou_1108": {
"type": "terms",
"id": "futureofyou_1108",
"meta": {
"index": "terms_1716263798",
"site": "futureofyou",
"id": "1108",
"found": true
},
"relationships": {},
"featImg": null,
"name": "Your Brain on Tech",
"description": null,
"taxonomy": "tag",
"headData": {
"twImgId": null,
"twTitle": null,
"ogTitle": null,
"ogImgId": null,
"twDescription": null,
"description": null,
"title": "Your Brain on Tech Archives | KQED Arts",
"ogDescription": null
},
"ttid": 1108,
"slug": "your-brain-on-tech",
"isLoading": false,
"link": "/futureofyou/tag/your-brain-on-tech"
}
},
"userPermissionsReducer": {
"wpLoggedIn": false
},
"eventsReducer": {},
"fssReducer": {},
"tvDailyScheduleReducer": {},
"tvWeeklyScheduleReducer": {},
"tvPrimetimeScheduleReducer": {},
"tvMonthlyScheduleReducer": {},
"userAccountReducer": {
"user": {
"email": null,
"emailStatus": "EMAIL_UNVALIDATED",
"loggedStatus": "LOGGED_OUT",
"loggingChecked": false,
"articles": [],
"firstName": null,
"lastName": null,
"phoneNumber": null,
"fetchingMembership": false,
"membershipError": false,
"memberships": [
{
"id": null,
"startDate": null,
"firstName": null,
"lastName": null,
"familyNumber": null,
"memberNumber": null,
"memberSince": null,
"expirationDate": null,
"pfsEligible": false,
"isSustaining": false,
"membershipLevel": "Prospect",
"membershipStatus": "Non Member",
"lastGiftDate": null,
"renewalDate": null,
"lastDonationAmount": null
}
]
},
"authModal": {
"isOpen": false,
"view": "LANDING_VIEW"
},
"error": null
},
"youthMediaReducer": {},
"checkPleaseReducer": {
"filterData": {
"region": {
"key": "Restaurant Region",
"filters": [
"Any Region"
]
},
"cuisine": {
"key": "Restaurant Cuisine",
"filters": [
"Any Cuisine"
]
}
},
"restaurantDataById": {},
"restaurantIdsSorted": [],
"error": null
},
"userAgentReducer": {
"userAgent": "Mozilla/5.0 AppleWebKit/537.36 (KHTML, like Gecko; compatible; ClaudeBot/1.0; +claudebot@anthropic.com)",
"isBot": true
},
"requestOutcomesReducer": {
"notFound": []
},
"navPromosReducer": {
"isFetching": false,
"fetchFailed": false,
"hasFetched": true,
"promos": {
"news": {
"name": "2026 Voter Guide",
"link": "/voterguide",
"imageURL": "https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2026/10/Nav-News-Nov2026ElectionCoverage@2x-7bd4aad4.png",
"description": "Get informed in minutes with our Voter Guide for California’s November 3 election."
},
"podcasts-radio": {},
"video-tv": {},
"events": {},
"support": {}
}
}
}