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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The brains are about a centimeter long, and the webs that hold them are shaped into a doughnut-shaped cocoon made of silk.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>It must be cool when someone asks, \"So what do you do?\" you can answer, \"I grow brains.\" But the real reason behind the project: a better understanding of how the human brain works. Currently, researchers are studying how the mini-brains respond to drugs and concussion-like injuries.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Let's just hope the famous \u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/science/2015/07/21/can-a-thousand-tiny-swarming-robots-outsmart-nature/\" target=\"_blank\">tiny swarming robots\u003c/a> do not get a hold of these, lest we give up our role as the pre-eminent species on planet earth.\u003c/p>\n\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>",
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"content": "\u003cp>Lumos Labs CEO Steve Berkowitz says his company is no longer making claims that its suite of cognitive training games can make your brain healthier. In fact, he admits \"the jury is still out\" on the efficacy of so-called brain-training.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"We're not out there saying that there are direct benefits to it. We're not out there saying anything other than, 'Hey you know, this is something, give it a try.' \"\u003c/p>\n\u003caside class=\"pullquote alignright\">\"We're not out there saying anything other than, 'Hey you know, this is something, give it a try.' \"\u003c/aside>\n\u003cp>Lumos, based in San Francisco, was recently slammed by the Federal Trade Commission for deceptive advertising. \"Lumosity preyed on consumers’ fears about age-related cognitive decline, suggesting their games could stave off memory loss, dementia, and even Alzheimer’s disease,” the FTC said. “But Lumosity simply did not have the science to back up its ads.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[contextly_sidebar id=\"pkXcCDOpysj05BqIY91OSL0YKzMO6UeP\"]Berkowitz's comments came in an interview with KQED Wednesday, a couple of weeks after the FTC announced Lumos would pay a $2 million penalty that would go to partial refunds to Lumosity customers. These users pay $14.95 per month or $299.95 per year to play games intended to improve memory, attention and other cognitive abilities, as well as potentially ward off maladies of aging like dementia.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The CEO said the company had \"pivoted\" to becoming a research platform for the study of cognitive training and that it wanted to put together a coalition of stakeholders in industry and academia to create guidelines and standards for future studies in the field.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"The foundation of all of this stuff is that it's new,\" he said. \"Any new industry is divisive and creates debate. And I think that's the good news about innovation.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Lumosity: Rapid Growth ... and Controversial\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>A little history:\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Lumos Labs was founded in 2005 by \u003ca href=\"http://techcrunch.com/2013/04/03/founder-stories-lumositys-mike-scanlon-on-exercising-the-brain/\" target=\"_blank\">Michael Scanlon\u003c/a>, a Stanford Ph.D. student in neuroscience, David Drescher and Kunal Sarkar.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The idea was to create an online training program for your brain, leveraging research in \u003ca href=\"https://www.google.com/search?q=neuroplasticity\" target=\"_blank\">neuroplasticity \u003c/a>-- the mutable quality of the brain -- that showed the possibility of enhanced cognition through changing environment. In 2007, the company launched Lumosity, a website where you could exercise your brain by playing games and -- so its advertising went -- improve your memory, attention and other mental abilities.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>By 2013, the company had \u003ca href=\"http://www.forbes.com/companies/lumosity/\" target=\"_blank\">made it onto Forbes’ list\u003c/a> of America’s Most Promising Companies, capitalizing on a brain-training \u003ca href=\"http://usatoday30.usatoday.com/tech/products/story/2011-08-24/Brain-training-games-are-new-exercise-craze/50125152/1\" target=\"_blank\">craze \u003c/a>and earning rave reviews in the \u003ca href=\"http://www.inc.com/magazine/201312/robin-schatz/from-research-lab-to-market-leader-in-no-time.html\" target=\"_blank\">business press\u003c/a>. In 2014, CNN Health \u003ca href=\"http://www.cnn.com/2014/09/09/health/brain-training-apps/\" target=\"_blank\">published a report\u003c/a> that rated Lumosity the best app to train your brain. More than 70 million people in 182 countries have played its games, Lumosity says.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>As it grew, the company marketed itself on TV, radio and online. (In fact, the public radio audience has been one of its target audiences, as listeners can attest.) The general thrust of the ads was that Lumosity could “improve key skills and affect quality of life\" and that “healthy people have (used) brain training to sharpen their daily lives and ward off cognitive decline.” It published “success stories” on its website, including wide-eyed testimonials like this:\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“In 2007, we learned that my mother had early onset Alzheimer’s. I joined Lumosity at first for my mother. I now use this site not only for her, but for my brain as well.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Not everyone was on board. \u003ca href=\"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22708717\" target=\"_blank\">Researchers \u003c/a>studying the topic found \u003ca href=\"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22708717\" target=\"_blank\">little to no evidence\u003c/a> of sustained cognitive benefits from such exercises. Some studies determined they did \u003ca href=\"http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0160289612000839\" target=\"_blank\">little more\u003c/a> than improve an ability to perform the narrow task a player was accessing in each game. In 2014, the Stanford Center on Longevity issued “\u003ca href=\"http://longevity3.stanford.edu/blog/2014/10/15/the-consensus-on-the-brain-training-industry-from-the-scientific-community-2/\" target=\"_blank\">A Consensus on the Brain Training Industry From the Scientific Community\u003c/a>,” signed by dozens of scientists in the field.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“To date, there is little evidence that playing brain games improves underlying broad cognitive abilities,” the analysis said, “or that it enables one to better navigate a complex realm of everyday life.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Currently, many researchers believe that although brain-training companies have greatly exaggerated the benefits of their products, \u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/futureofyou/2016/01/15/lumosity-cant-prove-claims-say-scientists-but-brain-training-worth-researching/\" target=\"_blank\">further study in the field is warranted\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But the government did not feel the need to wait for the final verdict. It wanted Lumos to pay $50 million in redress, but \u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/futureofyou/2016/01/05/federal-court-orders-lumosity-to-stop-claiming-games-prevent-dementia/\" target=\"_blank\">settled for $2 million\u003c/a> after reviewing the company's finances. It also required Lumosity to notify customers it had settled “a deceptive advertising lawsuit” and provide a link to turn off auto-renewal of subscriptions.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>'Passionate About the Product'\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In the interview Wednesday, Berkowitz, who has only been on the job since November, seemed eager to distance the company from the controversial claims it has made in the past, and also renounce any notion that a product like Lumosity could be a panacea for the brain's inevitable decline.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"It's never been a driver of this company, to be some health-related solution,” Berkowitz said. “As we go back and look at the kind of reasons why we're building the product, it really is to bring the idea of science back out to people.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>He said the type of hyperbolic language the FTC cited had been removed in 2014, before the FTC was involved, and was in any event \"a very small piece\" of the company's marketing. He likened the customer testimonials to which the FTC objected (you can \u003ca href=\"https://web.archive.org/web/20130112214959/http://www.lumosity.com/why-lumosity/success-stories\" target=\"_blank\">still see some of those here\u003c/a>, on the Internet Archive's WayBack Machine) to the user-generated reviews on Apple's App Store or Google Play.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"These are things run by those companies and are independent,\" he said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But didn't Lumosity choose to publish those particular testimonials?\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"It was on the website. So if you call it choosing to run it, yeah. Today, they're not up there.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The FTC also slammed Lumosity for soliciting users' success stories by offering prizes, without disclosing this fact on its site. Berkowitz attributed such problematic marketing decisions to growing pains.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"As a young company, what you're doing, people are very passionate about the product,\" he said. Now \"we're focusing on making sure that the things that we're doing have a basis in fact.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>As to the question of how many of his customers had availed themselves of the FTC-mandated option to cancel their auto-renewal, he said, \"We've had some, but I think nothing's been outside of our expectation.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Last August, market research firm MarketsandMarkets \u003ca href=\"http://www.marketsandmarkets.com/Market-Reports/cognitive-assessment-market-1039.html\" target=\"_blank\">predicted\u003c/a> that the cognitive assessment and training market will grow from $2.4 billion in 2015 to $7.5 billion by 2020.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad floatright]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Whether that number will have to be reassessed due to consumer doubt is anyone's guess.\u003c/p>\n\n",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>Lumos Labs CEO Steve Berkowitz says his company is no longer making claims that its suite of cognitive training games can make your brain healthier. In fact, he admits \"the jury is still out\" on the efficacy of so-called brain-training.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"We're not out there saying that there are direct benefits to it. We're not out there saying anything other than, 'Hey you know, this is something, give it a try.' \"\u003c/p>\n\u003caside class=\"pullquote alignright\">\"We're not out there saying anything other than, 'Hey you know, this is something, give it a try.' \"\u003c/aside>\n\u003cp>Lumos, based in San Francisco, was recently slammed by the Federal Trade Commission for deceptive advertising. \"Lumosity preyed on consumers’ fears about age-related cognitive decline, suggesting their games could stave off memory loss, dementia, and even Alzheimer’s disease,” the FTC said. “But Lumosity simply did not have the science to back up its ads.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003cp>Berkowitz's comments came in an interview with KQED Wednesday, a couple of weeks after the FTC announced Lumos would pay a $2 million penalty that would go to partial refunds to Lumosity customers. These users pay $14.95 per month or $299.95 per year to play games intended to improve memory, attention and other cognitive abilities, as well as potentially ward off maladies of aging like dementia.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The CEO said the company had \"pivoted\" to becoming a research platform for the study of cognitive training and that it wanted to put together a coalition of stakeholders in industry and academia to create guidelines and standards for future studies in the field.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"The foundation of all of this stuff is that it's new,\" he said. \"Any new industry is divisive and creates debate. And I think that's the good news about innovation.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Lumosity: Rapid Growth ... and Controversial\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>A little history:\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Lumos Labs was founded in 2005 by \u003ca href=\"http://techcrunch.com/2013/04/03/founder-stories-lumositys-mike-scanlon-on-exercising-the-brain/\" target=\"_blank\">Michael Scanlon\u003c/a>, a Stanford Ph.D. student in neuroscience, David Drescher and Kunal Sarkar.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The idea was to create an online training program for your brain, leveraging research in \u003ca href=\"https://www.google.com/search?q=neuroplasticity\" target=\"_blank\">neuroplasticity \u003c/a>-- the mutable quality of the brain -- that showed the possibility of enhanced cognition through changing environment. In 2007, the company launched Lumosity, a website where you could exercise your brain by playing games and -- so its advertising went -- improve your memory, attention and other mental abilities.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>By 2013, the company had \u003ca href=\"http://www.forbes.com/companies/lumosity/\" target=\"_blank\">made it onto Forbes’ list\u003c/a> of America’s Most Promising Companies, capitalizing on a brain-training \u003ca href=\"http://usatoday30.usatoday.com/tech/products/story/2011-08-24/Brain-training-games-are-new-exercise-craze/50125152/1\" target=\"_blank\">craze \u003c/a>and earning rave reviews in the \u003ca href=\"http://www.inc.com/magazine/201312/robin-schatz/from-research-lab-to-market-leader-in-no-time.html\" target=\"_blank\">business press\u003c/a>. In 2014, CNN Health \u003ca href=\"http://www.cnn.com/2014/09/09/health/brain-training-apps/\" target=\"_blank\">published a report\u003c/a> that rated Lumosity the best app to train your brain. More than 70 million people in 182 countries have played its games, Lumosity says.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>As it grew, the company marketed itself on TV, radio and online. (In fact, the public radio audience has been one of its target audiences, as listeners can attest.) The general thrust of the ads was that Lumosity could “improve key skills and affect quality of life\" and that “healthy people have (used) brain training to sharpen their daily lives and ward off cognitive decline.” It published “success stories” on its website, including wide-eyed testimonials like this:\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“In 2007, we learned that my mother had early onset Alzheimer’s. I joined Lumosity at first for my mother. I now use this site not only for her, but for my brain as well.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Not everyone was on board. \u003ca href=\"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22708717\" target=\"_blank\">Researchers \u003c/a>studying the topic found \u003ca href=\"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22708717\" target=\"_blank\">little to no evidence\u003c/a> of sustained cognitive benefits from such exercises. Some studies determined they did \u003ca href=\"http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0160289612000839\" target=\"_blank\">little more\u003c/a> than improve an ability to perform the narrow task a player was accessing in each game. In 2014, the Stanford Center on Longevity issued “\u003ca href=\"http://longevity3.stanford.edu/blog/2014/10/15/the-consensus-on-the-brain-training-industry-from-the-scientific-community-2/\" target=\"_blank\">A Consensus on the Brain Training Industry From the Scientific Community\u003c/a>,” signed by dozens of scientists in the field.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“To date, there is little evidence that playing brain games improves underlying broad cognitive abilities,” the analysis said, “or that it enables one to better navigate a complex realm of everyday life.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Currently, many researchers believe that although brain-training companies have greatly exaggerated the benefits of their products, \u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/futureofyou/2016/01/15/lumosity-cant-prove-claims-say-scientists-but-brain-training-worth-researching/\" target=\"_blank\">further study in the field is warranted\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But the government did not feel the need to wait for the final verdict. It wanted Lumos to pay $50 million in redress, but \u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/futureofyou/2016/01/05/federal-court-orders-lumosity-to-stop-claiming-games-prevent-dementia/\" target=\"_blank\">settled for $2 million\u003c/a> after reviewing the company's finances. It also required Lumosity to notify customers it had settled “a deceptive advertising lawsuit” and provide a link to turn off auto-renewal of subscriptions.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>'Passionate About the Product'\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In the interview Wednesday, Berkowitz, who has only been on the job since November, seemed eager to distance the company from the controversial claims it has made in the past, and also renounce any notion that a product like Lumosity could be a panacea for the brain's inevitable decline.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"It's never been a driver of this company, to be some health-related solution,” Berkowitz said. “As we go back and look at the kind of reasons why we're building the product, it really is to bring the idea of science back out to people.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>He said the type of hyperbolic language the FTC cited had been removed in 2014, before the FTC was involved, and was in any event \"a very small piece\" of the company's marketing. He likened the customer testimonials to which the FTC objected (you can \u003ca href=\"https://web.archive.org/web/20130112214959/http://www.lumosity.com/why-lumosity/success-stories\" target=\"_blank\">still see some of those here\u003c/a>, on the Internet Archive's WayBack Machine) to the user-generated reviews on Apple's App Store or Google Play.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"These are things run by those companies and are independent,\" he said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But didn't Lumosity choose to publish those particular testimonials?\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"It was on the website. So if you call it choosing to run it, yeah. Today, they're not up there.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The FTC also slammed Lumosity for soliciting users' success stories by offering prizes, without disclosing this fact on its site. Berkowitz attributed such problematic marketing decisions to growing pains.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"As a young company, what you're doing, people are very passionate about the product,\" he said. Now \"we're focusing on making sure that the things that we're doing have a basis in fact.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>As to the question of how many of his customers had availed themselves of the FTC-mandated option to cancel their auto-renewal, he said, \"We've had some, but I think nothing's been outside of our expectation.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Last August, market research firm MarketsandMarkets \u003ca href=\"http://www.marketsandmarkets.com/Market-Reports/cognitive-assessment-market-1039.html\" target=\"_blank\">predicted\u003c/a> that the cognitive assessment and training market will grow from $2.4 billion in 2015 to $7.5 billion by 2020.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cp>Dozens of makers of medicines and diagnostic tests have joined together in an unprecedented effort to tackle \"superbugs\" — infections that increasingly don't respond to drugs and threaten millions of people in countries rich and poor.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Altogether, 74 drugmakers, 11 makers of diagnostic tests and nine industry groups have signed a groundbreaking agreement to work with governments and each other to prevent and improve treatment of drug-resistant infections. They plan to announce the new agreement Thursday at the World Economic Forum in Davos, Switzerland.\u003c/p>\n\u003caside class=\"pullquote alignright\">By 2050, superbugs are expected to kill about 10 million people annually without major intervention.\u003c/aside>\n\u003cp>The effort is sorely needed. Many common infections no longer respond to conventional drugs, mainly due to overuse of antibiotics, few new drugs to fight bacteria, viruses, parasites and fungi, and declining industry research in the field. A key factor driving those problems is the relatively low prices infection-fighting medicines bring, compared to many drugs patients take for years for chronic conditions.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Bacteria and other microbes can naturally develop resistance to drugs, particularly when patients don't take all of their prescriptions and the stronger microbes survive and multiply. Taking antibiotics for viruses and other nonbacterial infections also contributes to resistance. And widespread use of antibiotics to spur faster growth of livestock raised for food exacerbates the problem. Meanwhile, in poor countries, many people can't afford these medications and die unnecessarily.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>With more and more bugs evolving to overcome infection-fighting drugs, by 2050 superbugs are expected to kill about 10 million people annually without major intervention. That's according to a recent analysis, called \"The Review on Antimicrobial Resistance,\" commissioned in 2014 by the UK government. The analysis also forecasts global economic output will be reduced by a total of $100 trillion by 2050.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Against that backdrop, drug and device makers and industry groups from 16 countries have signed the \"Declaration on Combating Antimicrobial Resistance.\" It's the first statement on how government and industry should work together to prevent more antimicrobial drugs from becoming ineffective, encourage development of new drugs and provide access to them for all those needing the medicines, regardless of their income or location.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"Antimicrobials are the backbone of modern medicine, and have played a key role in increasing life expectancy globally,\" Dr. Paul Stoffels, Johnson & Johnson's chief scientific officer, said in a statement. \"For the world to continue to have new antibiotics, we need investments in basic science and novel incentive models for industry R&D, and to protect our existing treatments, we need new frameworks for appropriate use.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Other companies participating in the effort include companies making antimicrobial drugs and vaccines, such as GlaxoSmithKline PLC, Novartis AG and Pfizer Inc. They're joined by companies such as the Roche Group and Alere Inc. that make tests used to diagnose the specific type of infection a patient has. Those are crucial to ensure the patient gets the best treatment, rather than an antibiotic for an infection caused by a virus or other organism.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The declaration calls for steps including:\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>—governments committing funding to implement the World Health Organization's Global Action Plan to create programs ensuring that health systems use antibiotics appropriately, along with increasing use of fast diagnostic tests and boosting reimbursements for them to ensure patients get the correct treatment.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>—better education of doctors and nurses on appropriate antibiotic use.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>—improved infection control through better hygiene, vaccination and preventive treatments.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>—reduced used of antibiotics in livestock.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>—higher reimbursements for antibiotics and diagnostic tests in developed markets.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>—more collaboration between researchers at drugmakers and those at universities and government.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>—more access to antibiotics in countries around the world.\u003c/p>\n\n",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>Dozens of makers of medicines and diagnostic tests have joined together in an unprecedented effort to tackle \"superbugs\" — infections that increasingly don't respond to drugs and threaten millions of people in countries rich and poor.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Altogether, 74 drugmakers, 11 makers of diagnostic tests and nine industry groups have signed a groundbreaking agreement to work with governments and each other to prevent and improve treatment of drug-resistant infections. They plan to announce the new agreement Thursday at the World Economic Forum in Davos, Switzerland.\u003c/p>\n\u003caside class=\"pullquote alignright\">By 2050, superbugs are expected to kill about 10 million people annually without major intervention.\u003c/aside>\n\u003cp>The effort is sorely needed. Many common infections no longer respond to conventional drugs, mainly due to overuse of antibiotics, few new drugs to fight bacteria, viruses, parasites and fungi, and declining industry research in the field. A key factor driving those problems is the relatively low prices infection-fighting medicines bring, compared to many drugs patients take for years for chronic conditions.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Bacteria and other microbes can naturally develop resistance to drugs, particularly when patients don't take all of their prescriptions and the stronger microbes survive and multiply. Taking antibiotics for viruses and other nonbacterial infections also contributes to resistance. And widespread use of antibiotics to spur faster growth of livestock raised for food exacerbates the problem. Meanwhile, in poor countries, many people can't afford these medications and die unnecessarily.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>With more and more bugs evolving to overcome infection-fighting drugs, by 2050 superbugs are expected to kill about 10 million people annually without major intervention. That's according to a recent analysis, called \"The Review on Antimicrobial Resistance,\" commissioned in 2014 by the UK government. The analysis also forecasts global economic output will be reduced by a total of $100 trillion by 2050.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Against that backdrop, drug and device makers and industry groups from 16 countries have signed the \"Declaration on Combating Antimicrobial Resistance.\" It's the first statement on how government and industry should work together to prevent more antimicrobial drugs from becoming ineffective, encourage development of new drugs and provide access to them for all those needing the medicines, regardless of their income or location.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"Antimicrobials are the backbone of modern medicine, and have played a key role in increasing life expectancy globally,\" Dr. Paul Stoffels, Johnson & Johnson's chief scientific officer, said in a statement. \"For the world to continue to have new antibiotics, we need investments in basic science and novel incentive models for industry R&D, and to protect our existing treatments, we need new frameworks for appropriate use.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Other companies participating in the effort include companies making antimicrobial drugs and vaccines, such as GlaxoSmithKline PLC, Novartis AG and Pfizer Inc. They're joined by companies such as the Roche Group and Alere Inc. that make tests used to diagnose the specific type of infection a patient has. Those are crucial to ensure the patient gets the best treatment, rather than an antibiotic for an infection caused by a virus or other organism.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The declaration calls for steps including:\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>—governments committing funding to implement the World Health Organization's Global Action Plan to create programs ensuring that health systems use antibiotics appropriately, along with increasing use of fast diagnostic tests and boosting reimbursements for them to ensure patients get the correct treatment.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>—better education of doctors and nurses on appropriate antibiotic use.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>—improved infection control through better hygiene, vaccination and preventive treatments.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>—reduced used of antibiotics in livestock.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>—higher reimbursements for antibiotics and diagnostic tests in developed markets.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>—more collaboration between researchers at drugmakers and those at universities and government.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>—more access to antibiotics in countries around the world.\u003c/p>\n\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>",
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"content": "\u003cp>Perhaps nothing triggers frustration and hope in patients like prescription drugs.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Consider the hepatitis C drug \u003ca href=\"http://www.nytimes.com/2015/05/20/business/high-cost-of-hepatitis-c-drug-prompts-a-call-to-void-its-patents.html?_r=0\" target=\"_blank\">Sovaldi\u003c/a>, infamous for its $84,000 retail price tag for a 12-week course.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Despite the price, the drug embodies significant hope. Sovaldi and other \u003ca href=\"http://www.nytimes.com/2015/09/02/opinion/costly-hepatitis-c-drugs-for-everyone.html\" target=\"_blank\">recently approved hepatitis C medications\u003c/a> have vastly improved treatment of the disease.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"http://www.sovaldi.com/about-sovaldi/study-results\" target=\"_blank\">Sovaldi’s\u003c/a> potential was confirmed during clinical trials when it was tested on humans as part of the drug \u003ca href=\"http://www.fda.gov/Drugs/DevelopmentApprovalProcess/\" target=\"_blank\">approval process\u003c/a>. Many hepatitis B patients probably wish they could have participated.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Today, I’ll explain how you can find \u003ca href=\"https://clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/about-studies/learn\" target=\"_blank\">clinical trials\u003c/a> of drugs that could treat your condition – but access isn’t a sure thing. The trial could take a year or more of your time. And more often than not, the experimental drug doesn’t work.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"http://catalyst.phrma.org/5-things-you-didn-t-know-about-researching-and-developing-a-new-medicine\">Less than 12 percent\u003c/a> of the medicines that enter clinical trials are approved by the U.S. Food and Drug Administration, according to the Pharmaceutical Research and Manufacturers of America, known as \u003ca href=\"http://www.phrma.org/\" target=\"_blank\">PhRMA\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“There is hope,” says \u003ca href=\"http://www.pacific.edu/Academics/Schools-and-Colleges/Thomas-J-Long-School-of-Pharmacy-and-Health-Sciences/Faculty-and-Departments/Pharmacy-Practice/Sachin-Shah.html\" target=\"_blank\">Sachin Shah\u003c/a>, a pharmacy professor at University of the Pacific who conducts clinical trials himself. “But there is no guarantee.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Q: I have a rare muscle disorder and have been looking for clinical trials for five years, but most of the stuff I find is in St. Louis or Atlanta or elsewhere. Do you have any tips on finding one I can participate in?\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>A: This question comes from Michael Urbach, 59, who has \u003ca href=\"http://www.ninds.nih.gov/disorders/inclusion_body_myositis/inclusion_body_myositis.htm\" target=\"_blank\">inclusion body myositis\u003c/a>, which has progressively weakened muscles in his arms, legs and throat. There is neither a cure nor a standard treatment for the disease.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Urbach, a resident of Oakley in Contra Costa County, tries to remain positive, but is “anxious to try \u003cem>something,\u003c/em>” he says.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>So he did what experts suggest you do first: He asked his doctor about clinical trials.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“He told me, ‘You have to go online and find something’,” Urbach says.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Like Urbach, you’ll probably end up doing a lot of your own research to find a clinical trial if your doctor can’t help. But beware — the volume of information available online can be daunting, and the quality questionable.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>So rely primarily on sites that end in .org, .edu and .gov, says Danielle Lavieri, a spokeswoman for the \u003ca href=\"https://www.ciscrp.org/\" target=\"_blank\">Center for Information and Study on Clinical Research Participation\u003c/a>(CISCRP). Those domains tend to be less commercial.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The most comprehensive online compilation of clinical trials is at \u003ca href=\"https://clinicaltrials.gov/\" target=\"_blank\">ClinicalTrials.gov\u003c/a>, a government-run website that allows you to search by disease and location.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But the language on the site can be technical and the site difficult to navigate.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“You’re asking people to search a non-user-friendly site and then to understand what they’re reading,” says Danielle Hicks of the \u003ca href=\"http://www.lungcancerfoundation.org/\" target=\"_blank\">Bonnie J. Addario Lung Cancer Foundation\u003c/a>, based in California.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Hicks suggests contacting a patient advocacy group specific to your disease. Many offer personalized searches for clinical trials, usually for free, she says.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>CISCRP, too, performs custom searches and suggests trials that meet your criteria. Visit \u003ca href=\"https://www.ciscrp.org/programs-events/search-clinical-trials/\" target=\"_blank\">CISCRP.org\u003c/a> or call 877-MED-HERO.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"https://www.researchmatch.org/\" target=\"_blank\">ResearchMatch.org\u003c/a> allows researchers to contact you directly after you’ve registered if they think you’re a good match for their study.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>You can also get in touch with a drug company directly if you know it is developing a medication that may help your condition, Shah says.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>And don’t discount your own network. \u003ca href=\"http://www.mydetourdeforce.com/\" target=\"_blank\">Julie Soderlund\u003c/a>, who was diagnosed with stage IV melanoma in August, found leads on a Facebook support group.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“I’ve learned a lot from that group of people,” says the 37-year-old Santa Cruz resident.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>She participated in one clinical trial and is now searching for another.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>If you’ve found a trial that you think is a good fit, reach out to the researchers. The CISCRP website (CISCRP.org) offers a list of important questions to ask in its online “\u003ca href=\"https://www.ciscrp.org/education-center/\" target=\"_blank\">Education Center\u003c/a>.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>You can also find a “\u003ca href=\"https://www.ciscrp.org/wp-content/uploads/2014/01/Participant-Bill-of-Rights.pdf\" target=\"_blank\">Participant Bill of Rights\u003c/a>” there. Read it.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>For instance, did you know that you can leave a trial before it’s over? Let’s say you’re having unpleasant side effects, Lavieri says. “A lot of people may think they’re stuck,” she says. “You have the right to drop out at any time.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Even if you find a trial that may work for you, you still may face obstacles:\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>LOCATION:\u003c/strong> Finding a trial may be especially hard if you live in a rural area, have a rare condition, or both.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Of all the clinical trials I have found, none of them are here,” Urbach says. “Everything is out of state or in a different country.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>If you find a trial that requires travel, ask if you will be reimbursed for travel costs, Lavieri suggests.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>There are groups that help cover costs associated with clinical trials, such as \u003ca href=\"http://www.lazarex.org/\" target=\"_blank\">Lazarex Cancer Foundation\u003c/a> (lazarex.org).\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Beyond travel costs, consider the support system of family and friends you’ll need nearby, Soderlund advises.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“You have to think about, ‘Who do I know in the city where I’m going to get treatment?’” she says. “What kind of support am I going to be able to get if I get sick after treatment?”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>PLACEBO\u003c/strong>: In rare cases, all participants in a trial receive the experimental drug, says Jocelyn Ulrich of PhRMA.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>More commonly, some participants receive the trial drug and others get a placebo – a substance or treatment that looks like the experimental treatment but has no therapeutic effect.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>If a disease is life-threatening or dangerous, however, participants will never simply receive a placebo, Shah says. “You cannot \u003cem>not\u003c/em> treat someone,” he says.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Instead, all participants will receive at least the “standard of care,” the best treatment for a specific condition that’s already approved and available, Ulrich says.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In these trials, you may receive only the standard of care, or you may receive the standard of care plus the investigative drug, she says.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“You’re not guaranteed to be on the study drug,” Hicks says.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>PREVIOUS TREATMENT\u003c/strong>: Your previous medical treatments, even routine chemotherapy, may disqualify you from participation.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Most adults don’t look at clinical trials until they’re in desperate mode,” Hicks says. “By that time, they may have had treatment that will disqualify them.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>EFFECTIVENESS\u003c/strong>: Remember, the trial drug might not work, it might not work for you, or it might cause unintended side-effects that require the trial to be shut down.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“It may work. It may not work,” Shah says, “but you have a chance you didn’t have before.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cem> \u003ca href=\"http://www.khn.org/\">Kaiser Health News \u003c/a>is a national health policy news service that is part of the nonpartisan Henry J. Kaiser Family Foundation.\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad floatright]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp> \u003c/p>\n\n",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>Perhaps nothing triggers frustration and hope in patients like prescription drugs.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Consider the hepatitis C drug \u003ca href=\"http://www.nytimes.com/2015/05/20/business/high-cost-of-hepatitis-c-drug-prompts-a-call-to-void-its-patents.html?_r=0\" target=\"_blank\">Sovaldi\u003c/a>, infamous for its $84,000 retail price tag for a 12-week course.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Despite the price, the drug embodies significant hope. Sovaldi and other \u003ca href=\"http://www.nytimes.com/2015/09/02/opinion/costly-hepatitis-c-drugs-for-everyone.html\" target=\"_blank\">recently approved hepatitis C medications\u003c/a> have vastly improved treatment of the disease.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"http://www.sovaldi.com/about-sovaldi/study-results\" target=\"_blank\">Sovaldi’s\u003c/a> potential was confirmed during clinical trials when it was tested on humans as part of the drug \u003ca href=\"http://www.fda.gov/Drugs/DevelopmentApprovalProcess/\" target=\"_blank\">approval process\u003c/a>. Many hepatitis B patients probably wish they could have participated.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Today, I’ll explain how you can find \u003ca href=\"https://clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/about-studies/learn\" target=\"_blank\">clinical trials\u003c/a> of drugs that could treat your condition – but access isn’t a sure thing. The trial could take a year or more of your time. And more often than not, the experimental drug doesn’t work.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"http://catalyst.phrma.org/5-things-you-didn-t-know-about-researching-and-developing-a-new-medicine\">Less than 12 percent\u003c/a> of the medicines that enter clinical trials are approved by the U.S. Food and Drug Administration, according to the Pharmaceutical Research and Manufacturers of America, known as \u003ca href=\"http://www.phrma.org/\" target=\"_blank\">PhRMA\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“There is hope,” says \u003ca href=\"http://www.pacific.edu/Academics/Schools-and-Colleges/Thomas-J-Long-School-of-Pharmacy-and-Health-Sciences/Faculty-and-Departments/Pharmacy-Practice/Sachin-Shah.html\" target=\"_blank\">Sachin Shah\u003c/a>, a pharmacy professor at University of the Pacific who conducts clinical trials himself. “But there is no guarantee.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Q: I have a rare muscle disorder and have been looking for clinical trials for five years, but most of the stuff I find is in St. Louis or Atlanta or elsewhere. Do you have any tips on finding one I can participate in?\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>A: This question comes from Michael Urbach, 59, who has \u003ca href=\"http://www.ninds.nih.gov/disorders/inclusion_body_myositis/inclusion_body_myositis.htm\" target=\"_blank\">inclusion body myositis\u003c/a>, which has progressively weakened muscles in his arms, legs and throat. There is neither a cure nor a standard treatment for the disease.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Urbach, a resident of Oakley in Contra Costa County, tries to remain positive, but is “anxious to try \u003cem>something,\u003c/em>” he says.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>So he did what experts suggest you do first: He asked his doctor about clinical trials.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“He told me, ‘You have to go online and find something’,” Urbach says.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Like Urbach, you’ll probably end up doing a lot of your own research to find a clinical trial if your doctor can’t help. But beware — the volume of information available online can be daunting, and the quality questionable.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>So rely primarily on sites that end in .org, .edu and .gov, says Danielle Lavieri, a spokeswoman for the \u003ca href=\"https://www.ciscrp.org/\" target=\"_blank\">Center for Information and Study on Clinical Research Participation\u003c/a>(CISCRP). Those domains tend to be less commercial.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The most comprehensive online compilation of clinical trials is at \u003ca href=\"https://clinicaltrials.gov/\" target=\"_blank\">ClinicalTrials.gov\u003c/a>, a government-run website that allows you to search by disease and location.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But the language on the site can be technical and the site difficult to navigate.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“You’re asking people to search a non-user-friendly site and then to understand what they’re reading,” says Danielle Hicks of the \u003ca href=\"http://www.lungcancerfoundation.org/\" target=\"_blank\">Bonnie J. Addario Lung Cancer Foundation\u003c/a>, based in California.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Hicks suggests contacting a patient advocacy group specific to your disease. Many offer personalized searches for clinical trials, usually for free, she says.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>CISCRP, too, performs custom searches and suggests trials that meet your criteria. Visit \u003ca href=\"https://www.ciscrp.org/programs-events/search-clinical-trials/\" target=\"_blank\">CISCRP.org\u003c/a> or call 877-MED-HERO.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"https://www.researchmatch.org/\" target=\"_blank\">ResearchMatch.org\u003c/a> allows researchers to contact you directly after you’ve registered if they think you’re a good match for their study.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>You can also get in touch with a drug company directly if you know it is developing a medication that may help your condition, Shah says.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>And don’t discount your own network. \u003ca href=\"http://www.mydetourdeforce.com/\" target=\"_blank\">Julie Soderlund\u003c/a>, who was diagnosed with stage IV melanoma in August, found leads on a Facebook support group.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“I’ve learned a lot from that group of people,” says the 37-year-old Santa Cruz resident.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>She participated in one clinical trial and is now searching for another.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>If you’ve found a trial that you think is a good fit, reach out to the researchers. The CISCRP website (CISCRP.org) offers a list of important questions to ask in its online “\u003ca href=\"https://www.ciscrp.org/education-center/\" target=\"_blank\">Education Center\u003c/a>.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>You can also find a “\u003ca href=\"https://www.ciscrp.org/wp-content/uploads/2014/01/Participant-Bill-of-Rights.pdf\" target=\"_blank\">Participant Bill of Rights\u003c/a>” there. Read it.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>For instance, did you know that you can leave a trial before it’s over? Let’s say you’re having unpleasant side effects, Lavieri says. “A lot of people may think they’re stuck,” she says. “You have the right to drop out at any time.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Even if you find a trial that may work for you, you still may face obstacles:\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>LOCATION:\u003c/strong> Finding a trial may be especially hard if you live in a rural area, have a rare condition, or both.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Of all the clinical trials I have found, none of them are here,” Urbach says. “Everything is out of state or in a different country.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>If you find a trial that requires travel, ask if you will be reimbursed for travel costs, Lavieri suggests.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>There are groups that help cover costs associated with clinical trials, such as \u003ca href=\"http://www.lazarex.org/\" target=\"_blank\">Lazarex Cancer Foundation\u003c/a> (lazarex.org).\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Beyond travel costs, consider the support system of family and friends you’ll need nearby, Soderlund advises.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“You have to think about, ‘Who do I know in the city where I’m going to get treatment?’” she says. “What kind of support am I going to be able to get if I get sick after treatment?”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>PLACEBO\u003c/strong>: In rare cases, all participants in a trial receive the experimental drug, says Jocelyn Ulrich of PhRMA.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>More commonly, some participants receive the trial drug and others get a placebo – a substance or treatment that looks like the experimental treatment but has no therapeutic effect.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>If a disease is life-threatening or dangerous, however, participants will never simply receive a placebo, Shah says. “You cannot \u003cem>not\u003c/em> treat someone,” he says.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Instead, all participants will receive at least the “standard of care,” the best treatment for a specific condition that’s already approved and available, Ulrich says.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In these trials, you may receive only the standard of care, or you may receive the standard of care plus the investigative drug, she says.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“You’re not guaranteed to be on the study drug,” Hicks says.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>PREVIOUS TREATMENT\u003c/strong>: Your previous medical treatments, even routine chemotherapy, may disqualify you from participation.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Most adults don’t look at clinical trials until they’re in desperate mode,” Hicks says. “By that time, they may have had treatment that will disqualify them.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>EFFECTIVENESS\u003c/strong>: Remember, the trial drug might not work, it might not work for you, or it might cause unintended side-effects that require the trial to be shut down.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“It may work. It may not work,” Shah says, “but you have a chance you didn’t have before.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cem> \u003ca href=\"http://www.khn.org/\">Kaiser Health News \u003c/a>is a national health policy news service that is part of the nonpartisan Henry J. Kaiser Family Foundation.\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"disqusTitle": "Five Criticisms of Obama and Biden's 'Cancer Moonshot'",
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"content": "\u003cp>Vice President Joe Biden \u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/futureofyou/2016/01/19/cancer-moonshot-video-replay-of-davos-roundtable/\" target=\"_blank\">convened a panel of cancer research experts \u003c/a>today at the Davos World Economic Forum, the culmination of a week's worth of discussion and media coverage since President Obama announced \u003ca href=\"http://thehill.com/policy/healthcare/265671-obama-launches-effort-to-cure-cancer-once-and-for-all\" target=\"_blank\">during his State of the Union address\u003c/a> that he would put Biden \"in charge of mission control\" for a cancer moonshot -- a national initiative to cure the disease (or rather, group of diseases), which the American Cancer Society \u003ca href=\"http://www.cancer.org/research/cancerfactsstatistics/cancerfactsfigures2015/\" target=\"_blank\">projected would kill more than 589,000 Americans\u003c/a> in 2015 alone.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>To be sure, there's been much \u003ca href=\"http://www.cnn.com/2016/01/14/health/brawley-obamas-cancer-moonshot-save-lives/\" target=\"_blank\">excitement\u003c/a> and \u003ca href=\"http://www.theguardian.com/us-news/2016/jan/14/cancer-cure-joe-biden-medical-research\" target=\"_blank\">optimism\u003c/a> about a well-funded national commitment for a cure. And the \u003ca href=\"https://www.washingtonpost.com/politics/2015/05/30/e1ac5a2a-0731-11e5-a428-c984eb077d4e_story.html\" target=\"_blank\">death last year of the vice president's son\u003c/a>, Beau Biden, from brain cancer has brought to the effort a high-profile reminder of the toll cancer takes on so many lives.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>However, the initiative is not completely without its skeptics. Here are extracts from five criticisms around the web:\u003c/p>\n\u003cul>\n\u003cli>\u003ca href=\"http://www.nytimes.com/2016/01/14/health/moonshot-to-cure-cancer-to-be-led-by-biden-relies-on-outmoded-view-of-disease.html\" target=\"_blank\">‘Moonshot’ to Cure Cancer, to Be Led by Biden, Relies on Outmoded View of Disease\u003c/a> (NY Times)\u003cbr>\n\u003cblockquote>\u003cp>While Mr. Biden’s focus has already made some meaningful difference — he negotiated with Republican congressional leaders a $264 million increase in funding for the National Cancer Institute, the largest in a decade for an agency that has been squeezed by static budgets in recent years — the chances of reaching a moment of victory as the analogy “moonshot” suggests seem entirely unrealistic.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“This is not about getting to one point in a certain period of time,” said Dr. Harold Varmus, a Nobel laureate and former director of the National Cancer Institute.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Unlike in 1971, when President Nixon launched his cancer war, researchers now understand that cancer is not one disease but essentially hundreds. The very notion of a single cure — or as Mr. Obama put it, making “America the country that cures cancer once and for all” — is misleading and outdated.\u003c/p>\u003c/blockquote>\n\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>\u003ca href=\"http://www.businessinsider.com/obama-cancer-moonshot-is-misinformed-2016-1\" target=\"_blank\">There's a worrisome problem with Obama's 'moonshot for cancer' plan\u003c/a> (Business Insider)\u003cbr>\n\u003cblockquote>\u003cp>Cancer is different from many genetic diseases, such as sickle cell or Huntington's, in that it is not linked with a few specific, identifiable genes. Instead it is the result of a whole bunch of mutations, tens of hundreds of tiny twists and pinches in our genes. These mutations are constantly changing and evolving, becoming increasingly resistant to our drugs. And genetics, of course, is not the only cause of cancer — environmental and behavioral factors matter. ...\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>To say each cancer tumor is unique would be an understatement. \"Virtually every tumor looks different from every other tumor,\" Varmus said. That makes designing drugs to beat them difficult. Many new treatments work only for a tiny subsection of patients, those with a specific subtype of one particular kind of cancer. These are exciting developments, but they don't begin to move the needle on treating — not to mention curing — cancer as a whole.\u003ca target=\"_blank\"> \u003c/a>\u003c/p>\u003c/blockquote>\n\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>\u003ca href=\"http://www.macleans.ca/politics/washington/is-obamas-plan-to-cure-cancer-a-moonshot-or-a-pluto-shot/\" target=\"_blank\">Is Obama’s plan to cure cancer a ‘moonshot’? Or a ‘Pluto-shot’?\u003c/a>(Maclean's)\u003cbr>\n\u003cblockquote>\u003cp>New thinking suggests that seeking to “cure” or eradicate cancer is misbegotten. In his acclaimed 2013 book The Cancer Chronicles: Unlocking Medicine’s Deepest Mystery, George Johnson writes that decades of research have forced scientists to reconcile themselves to the paradox that most cancers result from the very cellular activities that support life, not only from destructive environmental culprits like cigarette smoke and UV rays. That means fixing the mechanisms that underlie cancer would also disrupt the cellular functions that keep us alive and evolving. Cancers in children tend to include fewer mutations, which make them more curable, Johnson writes. That’s not the case for cancers in older patients which are believed to result from the accumulation of many mutations over time. Johnson’s conclusion upends the orthodoxy underlying an entrenched cancer treatment complex worth $100 billion globally: “The best response might not be to fight back with chemotherapy and radiation, increasing the stress,” Johnson writes, “but to somehow maintain the exuberant cells—the tumor—in a quiescent state, something that can be lived with.”\u003c/p>\u003c/blockquote>\n\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>\u003ca href=\"http://time.com/4178742/cancer-moonshot-obama/\" target=\"_blank\">Why Curing Cancer Is Not a ‘Moonshot’\u003c/a> (Time)\u003cbr>\n\u003cblockquote>\u003cp>Scientists have long known cancer isn’t one disease—it’s perhaps 100 or more, with the number growing as different types and sub-types are better understood. Making things worse, there will be perhaps 1.6 million Americans diagnosed with cancer in the U.S. alone this year, and each of those cases will be in some ways unique. That’s part of the reason two people with the same kind of cancer diagnosed at the same stage and receiving the same treatment can have radically different outcomes.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Actually “curing cancer”—in the larger global sense of simply wiping it out—would require personalized care, designed around every single patient with any single type of the disease. And in order to administer that kind of tailored care to every single person diagnosed with cancer, a whole lot more research is going to be needed. That may not be an unattainable goal—but it’s a devilishly complicated one.\u003c/p>\u003c/blockquote>\n\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>\n\u003cblockquote>\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"http://arstechnica.com/science/2016/01/dear-mr-president-please-stop-with-these-science-moonshots/\" target=\"_blank\">Dear Mr. President: Please stop with these science “moonshots”\u003c/a> (Ars Technica) Nebulous concepts like \"end all cancer\" get good applause—curing all cancers is right up there with sunshine and puppies. But such concepts are effectively meaningless. Richard Nixon declared a war on cancer back in 1971. The National Cancer Institute is the largest of all NIH institutes and in Fiscal Year 2016 its budget is $5.1 billion (out of NIH's total of $31 billion). Is the implication that that money is just being wasted right now? That it was insufficient all along, and nobody cared or realized?\"\u003c/p>\u003c/blockquote>\n\u003c/li>\n\u003c/ul>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>Vice President Joe Biden \u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/futureofyou/2016/01/19/cancer-moonshot-video-replay-of-davos-roundtable/\" target=\"_blank\">convened a panel of cancer research experts \u003c/a>today at the Davos World Economic Forum, the culmination of a week's worth of discussion and media coverage since President Obama announced \u003ca href=\"http://thehill.com/policy/healthcare/265671-obama-launches-effort-to-cure-cancer-once-and-for-all\" target=\"_blank\">during his State of the Union address\u003c/a> that he would put Biden \"in charge of mission control\" for a cancer moonshot -- a national initiative to cure the disease (or rather, group of diseases), which the American Cancer Society \u003ca href=\"http://www.cancer.org/research/cancerfactsstatistics/cancerfactsfigures2015/\" target=\"_blank\">projected would kill more than 589,000 Americans\u003c/a> in 2015 alone.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>To be sure, there's been much \u003ca href=\"http://www.cnn.com/2016/01/14/health/brawley-obamas-cancer-moonshot-save-lives/\" target=\"_blank\">excitement\u003c/a> and \u003ca href=\"http://www.theguardian.com/us-news/2016/jan/14/cancer-cure-joe-biden-medical-research\" target=\"_blank\">optimism\u003c/a> about a well-funded national commitment for a cure. And the \u003ca href=\"https://www.washingtonpost.com/politics/2015/05/30/e1ac5a2a-0731-11e5-a428-c984eb077d4e_story.html\" target=\"_blank\">death last year of the vice president's son\u003c/a>, Beau Biden, from brain cancer has brought to the effort a high-profile reminder of the toll cancer takes on so many lives.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>However, the initiative is not completely without its skeptics. Here are extracts from five criticisms around the web:\u003c/p>\n\u003cul>\n\u003cli>\u003ca href=\"http://www.nytimes.com/2016/01/14/health/moonshot-to-cure-cancer-to-be-led-by-biden-relies-on-outmoded-view-of-disease.html\" target=\"_blank\">‘Moonshot’ to Cure Cancer, to Be Led by Biden, Relies on Outmoded View of Disease\u003c/a> (NY Times)\u003cbr>\n\u003cblockquote>\u003cp>While Mr. Biden’s focus has already made some meaningful difference — he negotiated with Republican congressional leaders a $264 million increase in funding for the National Cancer Institute, the largest in a decade for an agency that has been squeezed by static budgets in recent years — the chances of reaching a moment of victory as the analogy “moonshot” suggests seem entirely unrealistic.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“This is not about getting to one point in a certain period of time,” said Dr. Harold Varmus, a Nobel laureate and former director of the National Cancer Institute.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Unlike in 1971, when President Nixon launched his cancer war, researchers now understand that cancer is not one disease but essentially hundreds. The very notion of a single cure — or as Mr. Obama put it, making “America the country that cures cancer once and for all” — is misleading and outdated.\u003c/p>\u003c/blockquote>\n\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>\u003ca href=\"http://www.businessinsider.com/obama-cancer-moonshot-is-misinformed-2016-1\" target=\"_blank\">There's a worrisome problem with Obama's 'moonshot for cancer' plan\u003c/a> (Business Insider)\u003cbr>\n\u003cblockquote>\u003cp>Cancer is different from many genetic diseases, such as sickle cell or Huntington's, in that it is not linked with a few specific, identifiable genes. Instead it is the result of a whole bunch of mutations, tens of hundreds of tiny twists and pinches in our genes. These mutations are constantly changing and evolving, becoming increasingly resistant to our drugs. And genetics, of course, is not the only cause of cancer — environmental and behavioral factors matter. ...\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>To say each cancer tumor is unique would be an understatement. \"Virtually every tumor looks different from every other tumor,\" Varmus said. That makes designing drugs to beat them difficult. Many new treatments work only for a tiny subsection of patients, those with a specific subtype of one particular kind of cancer. These are exciting developments, but they don't begin to move the needle on treating — not to mention curing — cancer as a whole.\u003ca target=\"_blank\"> \u003c/a>\u003c/p>\u003c/blockquote>\n\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>\u003ca href=\"http://www.macleans.ca/politics/washington/is-obamas-plan-to-cure-cancer-a-moonshot-or-a-pluto-shot/\" target=\"_blank\">Is Obama’s plan to cure cancer a ‘moonshot’? Or a ‘Pluto-shot’?\u003c/a>(Maclean's)\u003cbr>\n\u003cblockquote>\u003cp>New thinking suggests that seeking to “cure” or eradicate cancer is misbegotten. In his acclaimed 2013 book The Cancer Chronicles: Unlocking Medicine’s Deepest Mystery, George Johnson writes that decades of research have forced scientists to reconcile themselves to the paradox that most cancers result from the very cellular activities that support life, not only from destructive environmental culprits like cigarette smoke and UV rays. That means fixing the mechanisms that underlie cancer would also disrupt the cellular functions that keep us alive and evolving. Cancers in children tend to include fewer mutations, which make them more curable, Johnson writes. That’s not the case for cancers in older patients which are believed to result from the accumulation of many mutations over time. Johnson’s conclusion upends the orthodoxy underlying an entrenched cancer treatment complex worth $100 billion globally: “The best response might not be to fight back with chemotherapy and radiation, increasing the stress,” Johnson writes, “but to somehow maintain the exuberant cells—the tumor—in a quiescent state, something that can be lived with.”\u003c/p>\u003c/blockquote>\n\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>\u003ca href=\"http://time.com/4178742/cancer-moonshot-obama/\" target=\"_blank\">Why Curing Cancer Is Not a ‘Moonshot’\u003c/a> (Time)\u003cbr>\n\u003cblockquote>\u003cp>Scientists have long known cancer isn’t one disease—it’s perhaps 100 or more, with the number growing as different types and sub-types are better understood. Making things worse, there will be perhaps 1.6 million Americans diagnosed with cancer in the U.S. alone this year, and each of those cases will be in some ways unique. That’s part of the reason two people with the same kind of cancer diagnosed at the same stage and receiving the same treatment can have radically different outcomes.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Actually “curing cancer”—in the larger global sense of simply wiping it out—would require personalized care, designed around every single patient with any single type of the disease. And in order to administer that kind of tailored care to every single person diagnosed with cancer, a whole lot more research is going to be needed. That may not be an unattainable goal—but it’s a devilishly complicated one.\u003c/p>\u003c/blockquote>\n\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>\n\u003cblockquote>\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"http://arstechnica.com/science/2016/01/dear-mr-president-please-stop-with-these-science-moonshots/\" target=\"_blank\">Dear Mr. President: Please stop with these science “moonshots”\u003c/a> (Ars Technica) Nebulous concepts like \"end all cancer\" get good applause—curing all cancers is right up there with sunshine and puppies. But such concepts are effectively meaningless. Richard Nixon declared a war on cancer back in 1971. The National Cancer Institute is the largest of all NIH institutes and in Fiscal Year 2016 its budget is $5.1 billion (out of NIH's total of $31 billion). Is the implication that that money is just being wasted right now? That it was insufficient all along, and nobody cared or realized?\"\u003c/p>\u003c/blockquote>\n\u003c/li>\n\u003c/ul>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cp>Vice President Joe Biden today convened an array of cancer research and treatment experts at the Davos World Economic Forum to \u003ca href=\"https://www.weforum.org/agenda/2016/01/joe-biden-on-the-cancer-moonshot-how-to-tackle-the-world-s-biggest-killer\" target=\"_blank\">discuss advancing the fight against cancer\u003c/a>. Watch the video replay below; after Biden's introductory comments, the panelists start weighing in at about 24 minutes:\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003ciframe width=\"640\" height=\"360\" src=\"https://www.youtube.com/embed/ic5jBK-illQ?feature=oembed\" frameborder=\"0\" allow=\"autoplay; encrypted-media\" allowfullscreen>\u003c/iframe>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The special session was moderated by Francis S. Collins, director of the U.S. National Institutes of Health. The panelists were \u003ca href=\"http://rna.berkeley.edu/\" target=\"_blank\">Jennifer Doudna,\u003c/a> \u003ca href=\"http://www.hhs.gov/about/leadership/secretary/sylvia-mathews-burwell/index.html\" target=\"_blank\">Sylvia Matthews Burwell\u003c/a>,\u003ca href=\"https://hammondlab.mit.edu/\" target=\"_blank\"> Paula T. Hammond\u003c/a>, \u003ca href=\"http://cancer.ucsf.edu/people/profiles/blackburn_elizabeth.3729\" target=\"_blank\">Elizabeth Blackburn\u003c/a>, \u003ca href=\"http://www.keckmedicine.org/doctor/david-b-agus/\" target=\"_blank\">David B. Agus\u003c/a>, \u003ca href=\"https://www.mskcc.org/research-areas/labs/charles-sawyers\" target=\"_blank\">Charles Sawyers\u003c/a>, \u003ca href=\"https://www.mskcc.org/cancer-care/doctors/jose-baselga\" target=\"_blank\">José Baselga\u003c/a>, \u003ca href=\"http://my.clevelandclinic.org/staff_directory/staff_display?doctorid=237\" target=\"_blank\">Delos M. (Toby) Cosgrove\u003c/a>, \u003ca href=\"http://www.sap.com/corporate-en/about/our-company/our-boards/members/profiles/bill-mcdermott.html\" target=\"_blank\">Bill McDermott\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[contextly_sidebar id=\"YPk5EjmcNuOZJy5WJ0ogSqMw3IiiRYcx\"]You can \u003ca href=\"http://www.weforum.org/events/world-economic-forum-annual-meeting-2016/sessions/cancer-moonshot-a-call-to-action?utm_content=buffer7fc44&utm_medium=social&utm_source=twitter.com&utm_campaign=buffer\" target=\"_blank\">read about today's discussion\u003c/a> at the World Economic Discussion website. Topics included: \u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/futureofyou/category/personalized-medicine/\" target=\"_blank\">personalized medicine\u003c/a>, the role of big data, the difficulty of recruiting patients for clinical trials, and the potential of \u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/futureofyou/tag/crispr/\" target=\"_blank\">CRISPR\u003c/a>, a gene editing technique that Science magazine called the 2015 \u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/futureofyou/2015/12/30/a-crispr-solution-to-bubble-boy-disease/\" target=\"_blank\">breakthrough of the year\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Biden launched the \"moonshot\" initiative last Friday to hasten a cancer cure, aiming to use his final year in office to break down barriers in the medical world he said are holding back progress on eradicating the dreaded disease.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Biden has described a system in which competition, territorialism and \"stove-piping\" of information leave researchers and their discoveries cloistered in their own corners. His campaign this year will work to encourage more data-sharing about patient data and treatment outcomes.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"My hope is that I can be a catalyst, to oversimplify it, to get everybody on the same page,\" Biden said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>A key focus will be promising advances such as immunotherapy. At the cancer center Biden visited Friday, researchers are exploring what's known as chimeric antigen receptor technology, in which a patient's immune cells are engineered outside of their body to hunt for tumors, then infused back into the patient's body. The White House said 250 patients have been treated with the approach, with early promising results.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Another priority for the vice president is to further \"precision medicine,\" which personalizes treatments based on the genetic makeup of a patient's tumors. Cancer researchers who met with Biden recently said he was intrigued by the possibilities for improving prevention and early detection.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Biden will next chair a series of meetings with Cabinet secretaries about ways to boost federal funds.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>Associated Press contributed to this report.\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\n",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>Vice President Joe Biden today convened an array of cancer research and treatment experts at the Davos World Economic Forum to \u003ca href=\"https://www.weforum.org/agenda/2016/01/joe-biden-on-the-cancer-moonshot-how-to-tackle-the-world-s-biggest-killer\" target=\"_blank\">discuss advancing the fight against cancer\u003c/a>. Watch the video replay below; after Biden's introductory comments, the panelists start weighing in at about 24 minutes:\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003ciframe width=\"640\" height=\"360\" src=\"https://www.youtube.com/embed/ic5jBK-illQ?feature=oembed\" frameborder=\"0\" allow=\"autoplay; encrypted-media\" allowfullscreen>\u003c/iframe>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The special session was moderated by Francis S. Collins, director of the U.S. National Institutes of Health. The panelists were \u003ca href=\"http://rna.berkeley.edu/\" target=\"_blank\">Jennifer Doudna,\u003c/a> \u003ca href=\"http://www.hhs.gov/about/leadership/secretary/sylvia-mathews-burwell/index.html\" target=\"_blank\">Sylvia Matthews Burwell\u003c/a>,\u003ca href=\"https://hammondlab.mit.edu/\" target=\"_blank\"> Paula T. Hammond\u003c/a>, \u003ca href=\"http://cancer.ucsf.edu/people/profiles/blackburn_elizabeth.3729\" target=\"_blank\">Elizabeth Blackburn\u003c/a>, \u003ca href=\"http://www.keckmedicine.org/doctor/david-b-agus/\" target=\"_blank\">David B. Agus\u003c/a>, \u003ca href=\"https://www.mskcc.org/research-areas/labs/charles-sawyers\" target=\"_blank\">Charles Sawyers\u003c/a>, \u003ca href=\"https://www.mskcc.org/cancer-care/doctors/jose-baselga\" target=\"_blank\">José Baselga\u003c/a>, \u003ca href=\"http://my.clevelandclinic.org/staff_directory/staff_display?doctorid=237\" target=\"_blank\">Delos M. (Toby) Cosgrove\u003c/a>, \u003ca href=\"http://www.sap.com/corporate-en/about/our-company/our-boards/members/profiles/bill-mcdermott.html\" target=\"_blank\">Bill McDermott\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003cp>You can \u003ca href=\"http://www.weforum.org/events/world-economic-forum-annual-meeting-2016/sessions/cancer-moonshot-a-call-to-action?utm_content=buffer7fc44&utm_medium=social&utm_source=twitter.com&utm_campaign=buffer\" target=\"_blank\">read about today's discussion\u003c/a> at the World Economic Discussion website. Topics included: \u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/futureofyou/category/personalized-medicine/\" target=\"_blank\">personalized medicine\u003c/a>, the role of big data, the difficulty of recruiting patients for clinical trials, and the potential of \u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/futureofyou/tag/crispr/\" target=\"_blank\">CRISPR\u003c/a>, a gene editing technique that Science magazine called the 2015 \u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/futureofyou/2015/12/30/a-crispr-solution-to-bubble-boy-disease/\" target=\"_blank\">breakthrough of the year\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Biden launched the \"moonshot\" initiative last Friday to hasten a cancer cure, aiming to use his final year in office to break down barriers in the medical world he said are holding back progress on eradicating the dreaded disease.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Biden has described a system in which competition, territorialism and \"stove-piping\" of information leave researchers and their discoveries cloistered in their own corners. His campaign this year will work to encourage more data-sharing about patient data and treatment outcomes.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"My hope is that I can be a catalyst, to oversimplify it, to get everybody on the same page,\" Biden said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>A key focus will be promising advances such as immunotherapy. At the cancer center Biden visited Friday, researchers are exploring what's known as chimeric antigen receptor technology, in which a patient's immune cells are engineered outside of their body to hunt for tumors, then infused back into the patient's body. The White House said 250 patients have been treated with the approach, with early promising results.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Another priority for the vice president is to further \"precision medicine,\" which personalizes treatments based on the genetic makeup of a patient's tumors. Cancer researchers who met with Biden recently said he was intrigued by the possibilities for improving prevention and early detection.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Biden will next chair a series of meetings with Cabinet secretaries about ways to boost federal funds.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>Associated Press contributed to this report.\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>",
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"disqusTitle": "Review: Under Armour's Fitness Gadgets Need to Shape Up",
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"content": "\u003cp>You may know Under Armour mostly for its heavily marketed line of athletic sportswear. But the company has bigger ambitions: It's jumping into the crowded market for wearable gadgets that aim to help both athletes and couch potatoes track their fitness.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Its $400 package, called the UA HealthBox, comes out this Friday. Made in partnership with gadget maker HTC, the HealthBox has a wrist tracker, a heart-rate chest strap and a wireless bathroom scale. Other components — including shoes embedded with tracking sensors — are on the way.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>That's a lot of goodies, even for an avid runner like me, who's accustomed to wearing multiple watches to track workouts. But does it make sense to get all these gadgets from one company? Under Armour isn't first with any of these, and rival products do many things as well or better.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>To find out, I tested Under Armour's products and apps over more than 300 miles of running, including seven races over the past two weeks at Florida's Disney World and California's Disneyland.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>___\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>FOR EXERCISE\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>On its face, the UA Band is just another wristworn fitness tracker for measuring steps, sleep and heart rate. And there's an asterisk, too: The device disables heart-rate tracking during runs and spin class. Under Armour wants you to use its UA Heart Rate chest strap instead, as wrist sensors aren't as reliable.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Although the chest strap is a pain to wear, there's an advantage to having those devices working together. A small light on the Band changes color as your pulse increases with workout intensity.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>I aimed for the highest intensity — red — during shorter races, but for full and half marathons, red meant I wasn't conserving enough energy for the final miles. The colored lights help make up for the fact that the Band's display is hard to read during runs.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Although the Band doesn't have GPS, it does an adequate job at measuring distance during workouts. It does borrow your phone's GPS to track route information.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>___\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>FOR SLEEP\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The Band's battery lasts a few days under normal use, which is comparable to Fitbits, but longer than smartwatches and Microsoft's Band 2 fitness tracker. You can recharge halfway in just 15 minutes, which is important if you're wearing the gadget all night.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>As is typical with fitness trackers, the Band automatically detects how long and how well you sleep. It goes further in singling out your last pulse reading before you wake up. That's your resting heart rate; a high rate could suggest overtraining — or simply that you're out of shape.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>___\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>FOR WEIGHT CONTROL\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The UA Scale syncs weight and body-fat percentage with the company's UA Record app, so you can track your weight. Because it's a pain to log every single meal, Record lets you simply rate the day's meals as light, medium or heavy — though it doesn't distinguish between calories from vegetables or junk food.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Though charts help you monitor trends, there's none that clearly connects calorie intake and exercise to weight. Under Armour says it's working on that, but there's no firm date.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>___\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>THE ADD-ONS\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The three HealthBox devices are sold separately, but because they are designed to work together, Under Armour is pushing the $400 package.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The company has also partnered with audio maker Harman to make $250 wireless earphones with heart-rate tracking through the ear. It's not coming until this spring, and Under Armour is still testing whether measurements are good enough to offer similar color tracking on the Band. I would prefer that over a chest strap. (For now, Under Armour has earphones without the heart rate for $70 less.)\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Also coming down the pike are shoes with built-in sensors for tracking runs. Ideally, these might let you ditch your phone and other GPS devices — at least so long as you hit a pace of 10 minutes per mile or faster. That's a high threshold for many recreational runners.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>As a slowpoke, I got credit for only 14.3 of the 26.2 miles in a marathon. And it broke the marathon into two, possibly because I stopped midway to ride a roller coaster. That's one flaw with automated tracking. Normally, you can just hit pause and resume.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>If you have the phone with you, the shoes work with the company's MapMyRun app to give steadier pace readings, as those based on GPS can be erratic. Under Armour is still working to get that data displayed on the Band. Again, this feels like a beginning.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>___\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>THE APPS\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The dashboard of the UA Record app is divided into four quadrants for sleep, calories, workouts and daily steps. A circle in the middle is for your weight — normally hidden so you can take screenshots to boast to your friends. While other fitness apps tend to make you fish around for information, the Record's quadrant design gives you a nice summary, and you can tap on any to dig deeper.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Even if you don't own any Under Armour gadgets, the free app will pull in data from Fitbit, Garmin, Jawbone and other accounts. You still need your device's app to sync data, though. And this could lead to double and triple counting your exercise totals.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The app is also supposed to tap IBM's Watson artificial-intelligence system to analyze your wellness patterns and make recommendations. Here, the \"insights\" I've gotten so far seem more like broad observations applicable to men in my age group than anything personalized. The company says personalization will come later.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>For Under Armour to compete with more established gadget companies, including Fitbit, Garmin and Apple, its devices and apps need to do much more together than products that work individually. In my weeks of testing, I see the beginnings of how all this syncing can help. But it's just that for now — a beginning.\u003c/p>\n\n",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>You may know Under Armour mostly for its heavily marketed line of athletic sportswear. But the company has bigger ambitions: It's jumping into the crowded market for wearable gadgets that aim to help both athletes and couch potatoes track their fitness.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Its $400 package, called the UA HealthBox, comes out this Friday. Made in partnership with gadget maker HTC, the HealthBox has a wrist tracker, a heart-rate chest strap and a wireless bathroom scale. Other components — including shoes embedded with tracking sensors — are on the way.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>That's a lot of goodies, even for an avid runner like me, who's accustomed to wearing multiple watches to track workouts. But does it make sense to get all these gadgets from one company? Under Armour isn't first with any of these, and rival products do many things as well or better.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>To find out, I tested Under Armour's products and apps over more than 300 miles of running, including seven races over the past two weeks at Florida's Disney World and California's Disneyland.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>___\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>FOR EXERCISE\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>On its face, the UA Band is just another wristworn fitness tracker for measuring steps, sleep and heart rate. And there's an asterisk, too: The device disables heart-rate tracking during runs and spin class. Under Armour wants you to use its UA Heart Rate chest strap instead, as wrist sensors aren't as reliable.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Although the chest strap is a pain to wear, there's an advantage to having those devices working together. A small light on the Band changes color as your pulse increases with workout intensity.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>I aimed for the highest intensity — red — during shorter races, but for full and half marathons, red meant I wasn't conserving enough energy for the final miles. The colored lights help make up for the fact that the Band's display is hard to read during runs.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Although the Band doesn't have GPS, it does an adequate job at measuring distance during workouts. It does borrow your phone's GPS to track route information.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>___\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>FOR SLEEP\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The Band's battery lasts a few days under normal use, which is comparable to Fitbits, but longer than smartwatches and Microsoft's Band 2 fitness tracker. You can recharge halfway in just 15 minutes, which is important if you're wearing the gadget all night.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>As is typical with fitness trackers, the Band automatically detects how long and how well you sleep. It goes further in singling out your last pulse reading before you wake up. That's your resting heart rate; a high rate could suggest overtraining — or simply that you're out of shape.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>___\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>FOR WEIGHT CONTROL\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The UA Scale syncs weight and body-fat percentage with the company's UA Record app, so you can track your weight. Because it's a pain to log every single meal, Record lets you simply rate the day's meals as light, medium or heavy — though it doesn't distinguish between calories from vegetables or junk food.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Though charts help you monitor trends, there's none that clearly connects calorie intake and exercise to weight. Under Armour says it's working on that, but there's no firm date.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>___\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>THE ADD-ONS\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The three HealthBox devices are sold separately, but because they are designed to work together, Under Armour is pushing the $400 package.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The company has also partnered with audio maker Harman to make $250 wireless earphones with heart-rate tracking through the ear. It's not coming until this spring, and Under Armour is still testing whether measurements are good enough to offer similar color tracking on the Band. I would prefer that over a chest strap. (For now, Under Armour has earphones without the heart rate for $70 less.)\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Also coming down the pike are shoes with built-in sensors for tracking runs. Ideally, these might let you ditch your phone and other GPS devices — at least so long as you hit a pace of 10 minutes per mile or faster. That's a high threshold for many recreational runners.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>As a slowpoke, I got credit for only 14.3 of the 26.2 miles in a marathon. And it broke the marathon into two, possibly because I stopped midway to ride a roller coaster. That's one flaw with automated tracking. Normally, you can just hit pause and resume.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>If you have the phone with you, the shoes work with the company's MapMyRun app to give steadier pace readings, as those based on GPS can be erratic. Under Armour is still working to get that data displayed on the Band. Again, this feels like a beginning.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>___\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>THE APPS\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The dashboard of the UA Record app is divided into four quadrants for sleep, calories, workouts and daily steps. A circle in the middle is for your weight — normally hidden so you can take screenshots to boast to your friends. While other fitness apps tend to make you fish around for information, the Record's quadrant design gives you a nice summary, and you can tap on any to dig deeper.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Even if you don't own any Under Armour gadgets, the free app will pull in data from Fitbit, Garmin, Jawbone and other accounts. You still need your device's app to sync data, though. And this could lead to double and triple counting your exercise totals.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The app is also supposed to tap IBM's Watson artificial-intelligence system to analyze your wellness patterns and make recommendations. Here, the \"insights\" I've gotten so far seem more like broad observations applicable to men in my age group than anything personalized. The company says personalization will come later.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>For Under Armour to compete with more established gadget companies, including Fitbit, Garmin and Apple, its devices and apps need to do much more together than products that work individually. In my weeks of testing, I see the beginnings of how all this syncing can help. But it's just that for now — a beginning.\u003c/p>\n\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>",
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"disqusTitle": "Government Slams Lumosity 'Brain Training,' But What Does Research Say?",
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"content": "\u003cp>The company behind the \"brain-training\" program Lumosity settled a complaint by the Federal Trade Commission last week that it engaged in false advertising when it claimed its online games could delay cognitive impairments -- painful indignities of aging like dementia, memory loss and even Alzheimer's.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The \u003ca href=\"https://www.ftc.gov/system/files/documents/cases/160105lumoslabsstip.pdf\" target=\"_blank\">agreement\u003c/a> calls for Lumos Labs to cough up $2 million for partial refunds and \"\u003ca href=\"https://www.ftc.gov/system/files/documents/public_statements/903353/160104lumositystatement.pdf\" target=\"_blank\">prohibits deceptive conduct in the future\u003c/a>.\" Lumos also had to inform subscribers it \"decided to settle a deceptive advertising lawsuit\" and -- this one's gotta hurt -- provide customers with a link to turn off automatic subscription renewal.\u003c/p>\n\u003caside class=\"pullquote alignright\">'I think claims these companies have been making — and Lumosity is not alone — have been grossly exaggerated.'\u003ccite>Dr. Laura Carstensen, Stanford University\u003c/cite>\u003c/aside>\n\u003cp>In response to questions about the settlement, Lumos Labs said in a statement: \"We agreed to settle for $2m so we can move on and focus on our mission: Delivering engaging cognitive training products to our 70+ million members, continuing research both in-house and with our partner network of 100+ collaborators, and promoting innovation within the field of cognitive training.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The statement listed research being done by the company's \u003ca href=\"http://www.lumosity.com/hcp\" target=\"_blank\">Human Cognition Project\u003c/a>, said it is a firm believer in the peer-review process, and suggested people contact independent researchers to evaluate studies by Lumos and others.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>So What \u003cem>Does\u003c/em> the Research Say?\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In 2010, QUEST reporter Amy Standen\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/2010/10/15/when-brains-hit-the-gym-2/\" target=\"_blank\"> talked to several researchers about the efficacy of games\u003c/a> like those offered by Lumosity and Posit Science, advertised as beneficial for improving cognitive ability and a defense against age-related mental decline.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Can you improve your brain so that it’s faster, more adept, more vital?\" Dr. Laura Carstensen, founding director of the \u003ca href=\"http://longevity3.stanford.edu/\" target=\"_blank\">Stanford Center on Longevity\u003c/a>, asked Standen, rhetorically. \"That’s what the claims are, and I don’t think there’s really any evidence for that.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Dr. Joel Kramer, head of neuropsychology at \u003ca href=\"http://memory.ucsf.edu/\" target=\"_blank\">UCSF’s Memory and Aging Center\u003c/a>, invoked the one word scientists do agree on.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“I think that the research thus far demonstrates a much clearer link between exercise and brain health,” he said. (He means physical exercise, not mental strain while sitting.)\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Okay. That was then, a week before the iPad was released, for crying out loud. What about now, in 2016? Any new developments that may have buttressed the claims of the companies selling these products?\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Not according to Dr. Carstensen.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"I think claims these companies have been making -- and Lumosity is not alone -- have been grossly exaggerated,\" she said this week. “They’re trying to argue that we’re going to take you out of that active world … and that we’re going to put you in a room alone in front of a computer screen and you’ll play a game that will make you smarter, and you’re going to pay us to do it.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“There is no compelling evidence for that,” she said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>This assessment is pretty much in line with the 2014 Stanford Center's critique of the so-called brain-training industry. Called \"\u003ca href=\"http://longevity3.stanford.edu/blog/2014/10/15/the-consensus-on-the-brain-training-industry-from-the-scientific-community-2/\" target=\"_blank\">A Consensus on the Brain Training Industry From the Scientific Community\u003c/a>,\" it was signed by dozens of scientists in the field.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"To date, there is little evidence that playing brain games improves underlying broad cognitive abilities,\" the analysis said, \"or that it enables one to better navigate a complex realm of everyday life.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Get Off the Computer and Onto Your Bike\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Carstensen believes exercise is the only evidence-based activity that will improve cognitive fitness. But even those effects are modest, she said. And most of the studies have been relatively short-term.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"You’re looking at a boost to your cognitive benefit over your baseline after six weeks,\" she said. \"But it’s not huge.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Exercise, however, can help stave off the mental decline that comes with many physical diseases.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"If you get cardiosvascular disease, it’s likely to effect your cognitive functioning,\" she said. \"Getting blood clots means you’re more likely to get a stroke. There’s a lot of evidence that diabetes is related to brain diseases as well.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Physical exercise is \"one of the more reliable approaches,\" agreed Dr. Kramer. He said studies have shown “fairly convincingly\" that people who engage in higher levels of physical activity have less chance of developing dementia.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>The Trouble With Cognitive Training Research\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Many researchers in the field of cognitive science think the studies that have found a positive effect from playing brain-training games -- research often touted by the companies -- have a fundamental problem: The evaluative tests to measure improvement are too similar to the games themselves.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[contextly_sidebar id=\"2gnysOx73RyyKbj3eWqtryCdsCPqlRHG\"]“One of the big criticisms of the cognitive training paradigm is this issue of teaching to the test,\" said Dr. Joel Sneed, a professor of medical psychology at Columbia University who has researched the effect of computer cognitive training on depression.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“If I give you a test to see if you got better in something like memory, and your game looks a lot like my test,\" he said, \"then you’ve just been taking the test a lot, so you’ve gotten better at the test. But that doesn’t mean you can find your keys or stop yourself from losing your wallet.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In other words, there is no evidence the skills learned through the games will transfer to the skills people use to navigate the real world.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Another problem, researchers say, is that the control groups have often not been engaged in any activity.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"A lot of these studies say, 'Come to the lab and play games,' and they compare them to people who don’t do anything,\" said Carstensen.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Such inactivity will negatively affect mental performance, she said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Dr. Sneed agreed.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Comparing people who take the training with people who aren’t doing anything is a completely unfair comparison,\" he said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The people doing brain training, Sneed continued, are getting dings and whistles and positive messages onscreen, so researchers don’t know if that’s the reason for improvement or if the training actually works.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Some Breakthroughs?\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Dr. Murali Doraiswamy of the \u003ca href=\"https://dibs.duke.edu/\" target=\"_blank\">Duke Institute for Brain Sciences\u003c/a>, who was less cynical about the potential of brain fitness games in 2010 , is still hopeful today.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“I still believe in the potential of brain training as a therapeutic modality,\" he said in an email, \"but what we need now are long-term randomized trials to prove they can improve daily performance and delay dementia.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Doraiswamy, as well as Dr. Sneed, cited a \u003ca href=\"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4557999/\" target=\"_blank\">study published in PLoS One\u003c/a> in September, which was conducted largely by scientists from Lumos Labs and used a methodology aimed at reducing some of the pitfalls of previous research.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The study divided 4,715 people into two groups: those who went through a Lumosity program of 49 exercises, and a non-passive control group who solved online crossword puzzles. Both groups completed their activities in one 15-minute session at least five days per week, for 10 weeks.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The Lumosity group showed more improvement than the crossword puzzle group on tests measuring memory, problem solving, reasoning, and speed of brain processing. They also showed greater improvement on “self-reported measures of cognitive functioning.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Sneed said having participants do crossword puzzles is “the kind of equivalence you need in order to be able to say something about your games. … You’re able to make a comparison that is way more realistic\" than comparisons made with passive control groups.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Carstensen isn't buying it. She said having a control group do crossword puzzles is not equivalent to the game-playing of the treatment group\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Crossword puzzles have been shown over and over to have no effects on cognition,\" she said. \"You don’t learn something new when you do crossword puzzles, because you retrieve information you already know.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Another study, commonly called the \u003ca href=\"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4055506/\" target=\"_blank\">ACTIVE trial\u003c/a>, was cited by Dr. Kramer as research that showed promise for cognitive brain training.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The research was led by Dr. George W. Rebok of Johns Hopkins' \u003ca href=\"http://coah.jhu.edu/about/\" target=\"_blank\">Center on Aging and Health\u003c/a> and includes scientists from 11 institutions, including several affiliated with Posit Science. The study \u003cspan style=\"line-height: 1.5\">looked at 2,832 people who were almost 74 years old on average. Three groups were given 10 training sessions for either memory, reasoning, or speed of processing, then booster sessions 11 and 35 months later. A control group received no treatment.\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The study found that 60 percent of the participants who underwent the training reported the same or greater ability to perform the so-called \u003ca href=\"http://www.healthcare.uiowa.edu/igec/tools/function/lawtonbrody.pdf\" target=\"_blank\">instrumental activities of daily living\u003c/a>, such as doing laundry and managing medication, while only 50 percent of the control group did.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The study also found that 10 years after the original treatment, those who received training in speed processing and reasoning did better on tests measuring those skills than the control group. The memory training showed no effect.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But the study found \"no effect of training or added booster training\" on actual tests, as opposed to self-reports, designed to measure daily cognitive function.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>More Research Needed\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>All of the researchers agreed that the advertising claims of companies like Lumosity have not been borne out yet by the research. Dr. Dorasiswamy says the FTC action \"will serve as a broadshot to move the entire field away from marketing-driven claims to science-driven claims.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Dr. Sneed says more -- and better -- research is needed if the industry wants to uncover the smoking gun that will prove what they're peddling is beneficial.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"Several studies are promising, but you need a large double-blind placebo trial,\" he said.\" You need more than one. And you have to be able to show the effect of doing the treatment generalizes to other cognitive skills.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Even the Stanford Center for Longevity's \u003ca href=\"http://longevity3.stanford.edu/blog/2014/10/15/the-consensus-on-the-brain-training-industry-from-the-scientific-community-2/\" target=\"_blank\">call-to-arms against the brain-training industry \u003c/a>in 2014 acknowledged that \"some intriguing isolated reports do inspire additional research.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Dr. Kramer, for his part, thinks that Lumosity and other brain-training games could one day prove beneficial.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"The lack of evidence is not the same as evidence of a lack of efficacy,\" he said. \"There’s still the possibility that Lumosity or other kinds of brain training or cognitive enhancement approaches will have some efficacy.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad floatright]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"It just hasn’t been adequately established yet,\" he said.\u003c/p>\n\n",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>The company behind the \"brain-training\" program Lumosity settled a complaint by the Federal Trade Commission last week that it engaged in false advertising when it claimed its online games could delay cognitive impairments -- painful indignities of aging like dementia, memory loss and even Alzheimer's.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The \u003ca href=\"https://www.ftc.gov/system/files/documents/cases/160105lumoslabsstip.pdf\" target=\"_blank\">agreement\u003c/a> calls for Lumos Labs to cough up $2 million for partial refunds and \"\u003ca href=\"https://www.ftc.gov/system/files/documents/public_statements/903353/160104lumositystatement.pdf\" target=\"_blank\">prohibits deceptive conduct in the future\u003c/a>.\" Lumos also had to inform subscribers it \"decided to settle a deceptive advertising lawsuit\" and -- this one's gotta hurt -- provide customers with a link to turn off automatic subscription renewal.\u003c/p>\n\u003caside class=\"pullquote alignright\">'I think claims these companies have been making — and Lumosity is not alone — have been grossly exaggerated.'\u003ccite>Dr. Laura Carstensen, Stanford University\u003c/cite>\u003c/aside>\n\u003cp>In response to questions about the settlement, Lumos Labs said in a statement: \"We agreed to settle for $2m so we can move on and focus on our mission: Delivering engaging cognitive training products to our 70+ million members, continuing research both in-house and with our partner network of 100+ collaborators, and promoting innovation within the field of cognitive training.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The statement listed research being done by the company's \u003ca href=\"http://www.lumosity.com/hcp\" target=\"_blank\">Human Cognition Project\u003c/a>, said it is a firm believer in the peer-review process, and suggested people contact independent researchers to evaluate studies by Lumos and others.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>So What \u003cem>Does\u003c/em> the Research Say?\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In 2010, QUEST reporter Amy Standen\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/2010/10/15/when-brains-hit-the-gym-2/\" target=\"_blank\"> talked to several researchers about the efficacy of games\u003c/a> like those offered by Lumosity and Posit Science, advertised as beneficial for improving cognitive ability and a defense against age-related mental decline.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Can you improve your brain so that it’s faster, more adept, more vital?\" Dr. Laura Carstensen, founding director of the \u003ca href=\"http://longevity3.stanford.edu/\" target=\"_blank\">Stanford Center on Longevity\u003c/a>, asked Standen, rhetorically. \"That’s what the claims are, and I don’t think there’s really any evidence for that.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Dr. Joel Kramer, head of neuropsychology at \u003ca href=\"http://memory.ucsf.edu/\" target=\"_blank\">UCSF’s Memory and Aging Center\u003c/a>, invoked the one word scientists do agree on.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“I think that the research thus far demonstrates a much clearer link between exercise and brain health,” he said. (He means physical exercise, not mental strain while sitting.)\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Okay. That was then, a week before the iPad was released, for crying out loud. What about now, in 2016? Any new developments that may have buttressed the claims of the companies selling these products?\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Not according to Dr. Carstensen.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"I think claims these companies have been making -- and Lumosity is not alone -- have been grossly exaggerated,\" she said this week. “They’re trying to argue that we’re going to take you out of that active world … and that we’re going to put you in a room alone in front of a computer screen and you’ll play a game that will make you smarter, and you’re going to pay us to do it.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“There is no compelling evidence for that,” she said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>This assessment is pretty much in line with the 2014 Stanford Center's critique of the so-called brain-training industry. Called \"\u003ca href=\"http://longevity3.stanford.edu/blog/2014/10/15/the-consensus-on-the-brain-training-industry-from-the-scientific-community-2/\" target=\"_blank\">A Consensus on the Brain Training Industry From the Scientific Community\u003c/a>,\" it was signed by dozens of scientists in the field.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"To date, there is little evidence that playing brain games improves underlying broad cognitive abilities,\" the analysis said, \"or that it enables one to better navigate a complex realm of everyday life.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Get Off the Computer and Onto Your Bike\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Carstensen believes exercise is the only evidence-based activity that will improve cognitive fitness. But even those effects are modest, she said. And most of the studies have been relatively short-term.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"You’re looking at a boost to your cognitive benefit over your baseline after six weeks,\" she said. \"But it’s not huge.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Exercise, however, can help stave off the mental decline that comes with many physical diseases.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"If you get cardiosvascular disease, it’s likely to effect your cognitive functioning,\" she said. \"Getting blood clots means you’re more likely to get a stroke. There’s a lot of evidence that diabetes is related to brain diseases as well.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Physical exercise is \"one of the more reliable approaches,\" agreed Dr. Kramer. He said studies have shown “fairly convincingly\" that people who engage in higher levels of physical activity have less chance of developing dementia.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>The Trouble With Cognitive Training Research\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Many researchers in the field of cognitive science think the studies that have found a positive effect from playing brain-training games -- research often touted by the companies -- have a fundamental problem: The evaluative tests to measure improvement are too similar to the games themselves.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003cp>“One of the big criticisms of the cognitive training paradigm is this issue of teaching to the test,\" said Dr. Joel Sneed, a professor of medical psychology at Columbia University who has researched the effect of computer cognitive training on depression.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“If I give you a test to see if you got better in something like memory, and your game looks a lot like my test,\" he said, \"then you’ve just been taking the test a lot, so you’ve gotten better at the test. But that doesn’t mean you can find your keys or stop yourself from losing your wallet.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In other words, there is no evidence the skills learned through the games will transfer to the skills people use to navigate the real world.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Another problem, researchers say, is that the control groups have often not been engaged in any activity.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"A lot of these studies say, 'Come to the lab and play games,' and they compare them to people who don’t do anything,\" said Carstensen.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Such inactivity will negatively affect mental performance, she said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Dr. Sneed agreed.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Comparing people who take the training with people who aren’t doing anything is a completely unfair comparison,\" he said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The people doing brain training, Sneed continued, are getting dings and whistles and positive messages onscreen, so researchers don’t know if that’s the reason for improvement or if the training actually works.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Some Breakthroughs?\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Dr. Murali Doraiswamy of the \u003ca href=\"https://dibs.duke.edu/\" target=\"_blank\">Duke Institute for Brain Sciences\u003c/a>, who was less cynical about the potential of brain fitness games in 2010 , is still hopeful today.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“I still believe in the potential of brain training as a therapeutic modality,\" he said in an email, \"but what we need now are long-term randomized trials to prove they can improve daily performance and delay dementia.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Doraiswamy, as well as Dr. Sneed, cited a \u003ca href=\"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4557999/\" target=\"_blank\">study published in PLoS One\u003c/a> in September, which was conducted largely by scientists from Lumos Labs and used a methodology aimed at reducing some of the pitfalls of previous research.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The study divided 4,715 people into two groups: those who went through a Lumosity program of 49 exercises, and a non-passive control group who solved online crossword puzzles. Both groups completed their activities in one 15-minute session at least five days per week, for 10 weeks.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The Lumosity group showed more improvement than the crossword puzzle group on tests measuring memory, problem solving, reasoning, and speed of brain processing. They also showed greater improvement on “self-reported measures of cognitive functioning.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Sneed said having participants do crossword puzzles is “the kind of equivalence you need in order to be able to say something about your games. … You’re able to make a comparison that is way more realistic\" than comparisons made with passive control groups.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Carstensen isn't buying it. She said having a control group do crossword puzzles is not equivalent to the game-playing of the treatment group\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Crossword puzzles have been shown over and over to have no effects on cognition,\" she said. \"You don’t learn something new when you do crossword puzzles, because you retrieve information you already know.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Another study, commonly called the \u003ca href=\"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4055506/\" target=\"_blank\">ACTIVE trial\u003c/a>, was cited by Dr. Kramer as research that showed promise for cognitive brain training.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The research was led by Dr. George W. Rebok of Johns Hopkins' \u003ca href=\"http://coah.jhu.edu/about/\" target=\"_blank\">Center on Aging and Health\u003c/a> and includes scientists from 11 institutions, including several affiliated with Posit Science. The study \u003cspan style=\"line-height: 1.5\">looked at 2,832 people who were almost 74 years old on average. Three groups were given 10 training sessions for either memory, reasoning, or speed of processing, then booster sessions 11 and 35 months later. A control group received no treatment.\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The study found that 60 percent of the participants who underwent the training reported the same or greater ability to perform the so-called \u003ca href=\"http://www.healthcare.uiowa.edu/igec/tools/function/lawtonbrody.pdf\" target=\"_blank\">instrumental activities of daily living\u003c/a>, such as doing laundry and managing medication, while only 50 percent of the control group did.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The study also found that 10 years after the original treatment, those who received training in speed processing and reasoning did better on tests measuring those skills than the control group. The memory training showed no effect.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But the study found \"no effect of training or added booster training\" on actual tests, as opposed to self-reports, designed to measure daily cognitive function.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>More Research Needed\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>All of the researchers agreed that the advertising claims of companies like Lumosity have not been borne out yet by the research. Dr. Dorasiswamy says the FTC action \"will serve as a broadshot to move the entire field away from marketing-driven claims to science-driven claims.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Dr. Sneed says more -- and better -- research is needed if the industry wants to uncover the smoking gun that will prove what they're peddling is beneficial.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"Several studies are promising, but you need a large double-blind placebo trial,\" he said.\" You need more than one. And you have to be able to show the effect of doing the treatment generalizes to other cognitive skills.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Even the Stanford Center for Longevity's \u003ca href=\"http://longevity3.stanford.edu/blog/2014/10/15/the-consensus-on-the-brain-training-industry-from-the-scientific-community-2/\" target=\"_blank\">call-to-arms against the brain-training industry \u003c/a>in 2014 acknowledged that \"some intriguing isolated reports do inspire additional research.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Dr. Kramer, for his part, thinks that Lumosity and other brain-training games could one day prove beneficial.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"The lack of evidence is not the same as evidence of a lack of efficacy,\" he said. \"There’s still the possibility that Lumosity or other kinds of brain training or cognitive enhancement approaches will have some efficacy.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"It just hasn’t been adequately established yet,\" he said.\u003c/p>\n\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>",
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"content": "\u003cp>In a \u003ca href=\"http://jama.jamanetwork.com/article.aspx?articleid=2480485\">new study\u003c/a>, scientists have shown just how hard it will be to one day use your DNA to predict your risk for illnesses.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>As expected, it wasn’t the reading of the DNA that was the tricky part -- that gets cheaper and easier all the time.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Instead, the difficulty was figuring out which DNA differences mattered and which didn’t. Four groups of scientists couldn’t agree on which differences predicted an increased risk for an irregular heartbeat and which didn’t. And even the differences they compared didn’t turn out to predict much of anything.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Until scientists work this out, the dream of truly personalized medicine will remain a distant one.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Harder Than We Thought\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_97653\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 750px\">\u003cimg class=\"size-full wp-image-97653\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/futureofyou/wp-content/uploads/sites/13/2016/01/DoctorPatient01142016.jpg\" alt=\"It may be awhile before you are discussing with your doctor what your DNA tells you about your health risks. (NHGRI)\" width=\"750\" height=\"569\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/13/2016/01/DoctorPatient01142016.jpg 750w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/13/2016/01/DoctorPatient01142016-400x303.jpg 400w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 750px) 100vw, 750px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">It may be awhile before you are discussing with your doctor what your DNA tells you about your health risks. (\u003ca href=\"http://www.genome.gov/dmd/img.cfm?node=Photos/Graphics&id=85342\">NHGRI\u003c/a>)\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Listening to the news, you can be forgiven for thinking that sooner rather than later doctors will be able to predict most anything about your health from a look at your DNA.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In fact, right now, they can’t tell you a whole lot.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Now this isn’t to say doctors can’t get some very important information from your DNA. There are definitely some differences (or “\u003ca href=\"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Human_genetic_variation\">variants\u003c/a>”) that can be used to help \u003ca href=\"http://ghr.nlm.nih.gov/handbook/genomicresearch/pharmacogenomics\">determine just the right amount of medicine\u003c/a> you should be prescribed. And some real progress is being made in helping to find more targeted \u003ca href=\"http://cancergenome.nih.gov/cancergenomics/whatisgenomics/whatis\">treatments for a patient’s particular cancer\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But the day when you can go to your doctor and she can correctly tell you only from your DNA which ailment you are at a higher risk for is a long way off. This becomes clear in a \u003ca href=\"http://jama.jamanetwork.com/article.aspx?articleid=2480485\">new study\u003c/a> in the Journal of the American Medical Association (JAMA).\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In this study researchers couldn’t use DNA to reliably predict who, from a group of 2,202 patients, was at a higher risk for \u003ca href=\"http://www.heart.org/idc/groups/heart-public/@wcm/@hcm/documents/downloadable/ucm_300290.pdf\">arrhythmia\u003c/a>, an irregular heartbeat. This is surprising because the two genes they looked at are supposedly \u003ca href=\"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23788249\">two out there that are better understood\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>If we can’t make good predictions on the few genes we understand really well, then odds are we will do even worse with the ones that are still more of a mystery. And these are the genes people will be most interested in, involved in heart disease, type 2 diabetes and so on.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>This was a small study and it may be that with a larger group of patients, scientists will be able to make better predictions. But regardless it does give us an inkling of what we are up against in the upcoming genomics revolution.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>It is going to be a hard slog. But in the end, the hope is that it will be worth it because it will make us all healthier.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>The Pitfalls of Personalized Medicine\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_97681\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 750px\">\u003cimg class=\"size-full wp-image-97681\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/futureofyou/wp-content/uploads/sites/13/2016/01/CrowdDNA.jpg\" alt=\"Figuring out which DNA differences matter is a tricky business. (NHGRI)\" width=\"750\" height=\"664\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/13/2016/01/CrowdDNA.jpg 750w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/13/2016/01/CrowdDNA-400x354.jpg 400w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/13/2016/01/CrowdDNA-678x600.jpg 678w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 750px) 100vw, 750px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Figuring out which DNA differences matter is a tricky business. (\u003ca href=\"https://www.genome.gov/dmd/img.cfm?node=Photos/Graphics&id=86913\">NHGRI\u003c/a>)\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>The key to predicting people’s health risks based on their DNA is knowing what to look for. This is even harder to do than you might think because everyone’s genetic make up is so unique.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The first step in finding disease-causing DNA differences is to gather up two groups of people and compare their DNA. One group will have the disease and the second, the control group, will not.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Any DNA differences more common in the disease group could be implicated in that disease. Lots of follow-up work is done until scientists are left with what they think are the really important variants.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Surprisingly, it often isn’t the variants themselves that are important for personalized medicine. Instead, it is the genes they affect that are the real prizes.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>This is because many of the variants they find in the original study will be rare—not many people will have them. So just looking for them would not be that useful.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>What they will look for are DNA differences in these genes that no one has seen before. Turns out that there are a lot of these.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The final step is to predict which of these other variants will be important for the disease. (These are called “\u003ca href=\"https://www.invitae.com/en/vus-resolution/\">variants of uncertain significance\u003c/a>” or VUS.) This is what this study could not do very well.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Genes and an Irregular Heartbeat\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>A number of previous studies have shown that certain DNA differences in two genes, SCN5A and KCNH2, increase a person’s risk for having an irregular heartbeat. These are the two genes the researchers focused on.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Not surprisingly, the researchers didn’t find these DNA variants in any of the 2,202 patients they looked at. Remember these kinds of variants are usually pretty rare.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But they did find lots of other differences. They were prepared for this and had lined up four different groups to help them predict which variants might increase a patient’s risk for arrhythmia.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>They came up with 42 DNA variants in 63 patients that looked like they fit the bill. Unfortunately, none of these DNA differences predicted anything about a patient’s risk for arrhythmia. There was no significant difference in cases of arrhythmia between the group that had these variants and the group that didn’t.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In some ways this wasn’t surprising. After all, 63 people is a pretty small group.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>What is more troubling for personalized medicine is that the four groups making the predictions agreed on very few of the 42 variants. Making accurate predictions is an incredibly important step, and it failed in this study.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>To get to a future where genetics can help the maximum number of people, we are going to need to be able to use a patient’s DNA to figure out his or her health risks. We’ll get there, but it may take longer than we thought.\u003c/p>\n\n",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>In a \u003ca href=\"http://jama.jamanetwork.com/article.aspx?articleid=2480485\">new study\u003c/a>, scientists have shown just how hard it will be to one day use your DNA to predict your risk for illnesses.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>As expected, it wasn’t the reading of the DNA that was the tricky part -- that gets cheaper and easier all the time.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Instead, the difficulty was figuring out which DNA differences mattered and which didn’t. Four groups of scientists couldn’t agree on which differences predicted an increased risk for an irregular heartbeat and which didn’t. And even the differences they compared didn’t turn out to predict much of anything.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Until scientists work this out, the dream of truly personalized medicine will remain a distant one.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Harder Than We Thought\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_97653\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 750px\">\u003cimg class=\"size-full wp-image-97653\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/futureofyou/wp-content/uploads/sites/13/2016/01/DoctorPatient01142016.jpg\" alt=\"It may be awhile before you are discussing with your doctor what your DNA tells you about your health risks. (NHGRI)\" width=\"750\" height=\"569\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/13/2016/01/DoctorPatient01142016.jpg 750w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/13/2016/01/DoctorPatient01142016-400x303.jpg 400w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 750px) 100vw, 750px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">It may be awhile before you are discussing with your doctor what your DNA tells you about your health risks. (\u003ca href=\"http://www.genome.gov/dmd/img.cfm?node=Photos/Graphics&id=85342\">NHGRI\u003c/a>)\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Listening to the news, you can be forgiven for thinking that sooner rather than later doctors will be able to predict most anything about your health from a look at your DNA.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In fact, right now, they can’t tell you a whole lot.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Now this isn’t to say doctors can’t get some very important information from your DNA. There are definitely some differences (or “\u003ca href=\"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Human_genetic_variation\">variants\u003c/a>”) that can be used to help \u003ca href=\"http://ghr.nlm.nih.gov/handbook/genomicresearch/pharmacogenomics\">determine just the right amount of medicine\u003c/a> you should be prescribed. And some real progress is being made in helping to find more targeted \u003ca href=\"http://cancergenome.nih.gov/cancergenomics/whatisgenomics/whatis\">treatments for a patient’s particular cancer\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But the day when you can go to your doctor and she can correctly tell you only from your DNA which ailment you are at a higher risk for is a long way off. This becomes clear in a \u003ca href=\"http://jama.jamanetwork.com/article.aspx?articleid=2480485\">new study\u003c/a> in the Journal of the American Medical Association (JAMA).\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In this study researchers couldn’t use DNA to reliably predict who, from a group of 2,202 patients, was at a higher risk for \u003ca href=\"http://www.heart.org/idc/groups/heart-public/@wcm/@hcm/documents/downloadable/ucm_300290.pdf\">arrhythmia\u003c/a>, an irregular heartbeat. This is surprising because the two genes they looked at are supposedly \u003ca href=\"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23788249\">two out there that are better understood\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>If we can’t make good predictions on the few genes we understand really well, then odds are we will do even worse with the ones that are still more of a mystery. And these are the genes people will be most interested in, involved in heart disease, type 2 diabetes and so on.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>This was a small study and it may be that with a larger group of patients, scientists will be able to make better predictions. But regardless it does give us an inkling of what we are up against in the upcoming genomics revolution.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>It is going to be a hard slog. But in the end, the hope is that it will be worth it because it will make us all healthier.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>The Pitfalls of Personalized Medicine\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_97681\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 750px\">\u003cimg class=\"size-full wp-image-97681\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/futureofyou/wp-content/uploads/sites/13/2016/01/CrowdDNA.jpg\" alt=\"Figuring out which DNA differences matter is a tricky business. (NHGRI)\" width=\"750\" height=\"664\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/13/2016/01/CrowdDNA.jpg 750w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/13/2016/01/CrowdDNA-400x354.jpg 400w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/13/2016/01/CrowdDNA-678x600.jpg 678w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 750px) 100vw, 750px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Figuring out which DNA differences matter is a tricky business. (\u003ca href=\"https://www.genome.gov/dmd/img.cfm?node=Photos/Graphics&id=86913\">NHGRI\u003c/a>)\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>The key to predicting people’s health risks based on their DNA is knowing what to look for. This is even harder to do than you might think because everyone’s genetic make up is so unique.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The first step in finding disease-causing DNA differences is to gather up two groups of people and compare their DNA. One group will have the disease and the second, the control group, will not.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Any DNA differences more common in the disease group could be implicated in that disease. Lots of follow-up work is done until scientists are left with what they think are the really important variants.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Surprisingly, it often isn’t the variants themselves that are important for personalized medicine. Instead, it is the genes they affect that are the real prizes.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>This is because many of the variants they find in the original study will be rare—not many people will have them. So just looking for them would not be that useful.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>What they will look for are DNA differences in these genes that no one has seen before. Turns out that there are a lot of these.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The final step is to predict which of these other variants will be important for the disease. (These are called “\u003ca href=\"https://www.invitae.com/en/vus-resolution/\">variants of uncertain significance\u003c/a>” or VUS.) This is what this study could not do very well.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Genes and an Irregular Heartbeat\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>A number of previous studies have shown that certain DNA differences in two genes, SCN5A and KCNH2, increase a person’s risk for having an irregular heartbeat. These are the two genes the researchers focused on.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Not surprisingly, the researchers didn’t find these DNA variants in any of the 2,202 patients they looked at. Remember these kinds of variants are usually pretty rare.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But they did find lots of other differences. They were prepared for this and had lined up four different groups to help them predict which variants might increase a patient’s risk for arrhythmia.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>They came up with 42 DNA variants in 63 patients that looked like they fit the bill. Unfortunately, none of these DNA differences predicted anything about a patient’s risk for arrhythmia. There was no significant difference in cases of arrhythmia between the group that had these variants and the group that didn’t.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In some ways this wasn’t surprising. After all, 63 people is a pretty small group.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>What is more troubling for personalized medicine is that the four groups making the predictions agreed on very few of the 42 variants. Making accurate predictions is an incredibly important step, and it failed in this study.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>To get to a future where genetics can help the maximum number of people, we are going to need to be able to use a patient’s DNA to figure out his or her health risks. We’ll get there, but it may take longer than we thought.\u003c/p>\n\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The FDA already \u003ca href=\"http://www.bloomberg.com/news/articles/2013-05-01/titan-s-probuphine-fails-to-win-approval-for-opioid-addiction\" target=\"_blank\">rejected the drug-oozing device \u003c/a>once before, after an advisory panel recommended it but raised questions about inadequate dosage levels and the company's physician training program, according to Bloomberg.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Braeburn Pharmaceuticals, which makes Probuphine along with Titan Pharmaceuticals, said patients who receive prescriptions will be required to see providers trained in implanting medical devices, or undergo implantation and removal training themselves, \u003ca href=\"http://www.usatoday.com/story/news/2016/01/12/implant-aims-help-addicts-stop-using-heroin-prescription-painkillers/78677618/\" target=\"_blank\">USA Today\u003c/a> reports.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Some panelists questioned whether Braeburn's studies accurately predict Probuphine's success in treating patients with long-term drug addiction, but the committee voted 12-5 for a positive recommendation.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"http://www.medpagetoday.com/Psychiatry/Addictions/55636\" target=\"_blank\">More on what the FDA panelists said about Probuphine\u003c/a> at MedPage Today.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>Associated Press contributed to this report.\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp> \u003c/p>\n\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>",
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"content": "\u003cp>Last week, what happened in Vegas got reported on PBS, as NewsHour's Miles O'Brien took a look at all the fitness tracking technology on display at the Consumer Electronics Show. \"Wearing your heart on your sleeve is taking on a whole new meaning,\" was O'Brien's pretty excellent lead.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c!-- iframe plugin v.4.3 wordpress.org/plugins/iframe/ -->\u003cbr>\n\u003ciframe width=\"640\" height=\"470\" src=\"http://player.pbs.org/viralplayer/2365640859\" frameborder=\"0\" marginwidth=\"0\" marginheight=\"0\" scrolling=\"no\" class=\"iframe-class\">\u003c/iframe>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Some takeaways:\u003c/p>\n\u003cul>\n\u003cli>An estimated 500 million people worldwide use devices that monitor real-time health and fitness data. The sector is growing more than 200 percent per year.\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>The business is being driven by rapidly shrinking sensors, improved communication between devices, longer battery life and the ubiquity of smartphones.\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>The FDA is regulating apps it considers to be medical devices. The risk to users: incorrect or delayed diagnoses.\u003c/li>\n\u003c/ul>\n\u003cp>Here's the \u003ca href=\"http://www.pbs.org/newshour/bb/will-real-time-health-data-for-consumers-add-up-to-healthier-living/\" target=\"_blank\">transcript\u003c/a>. Video is above.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n",
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"id": "code-switch-life-kit",
"title": "Code Switch / Life Kit",
"info": "\u003cem>Code Switch\u003c/em>, which listeners will hear in the first part of the hour, has fearless and much-needed conversations about race. Hosted by journalists of color, the show tackles the subject of race head-on, exploring how it impacts every part of society — from politics and pop culture to history, sports and more.\u003cbr />\u003cbr />\u003cem>Life Kit\u003c/em>, which will be in the second part of the hour, guides you through spaces and feelings no one prepares you for — from finances to mental health, from workplace microaggressions to imposter syndrome, from relationships to parenting. The show features experts with real world experience and shares their knowledge. Because everyone needs a little help being human.\u003cbr />\u003cbr />\u003ca href=\"https://www.npr.org/podcasts/510312/codeswitch\">\u003cem>Code Switch\u003c/em> offical site and podcast\u003c/a>\u003cbr />\u003ca href=\"https://www.npr.org/lifekit\">\u003cem>Life Kit\u003c/em> offical site and podcast\u003c/a>\u003cbr />",
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"id": "commonwealth-club",
"title": "Commonwealth Club of California Podcast",
"info": "The Commonwealth Club of California is the nation's oldest and largest public affairs forum. As a non-partisan forum, The Club brings to the public airwaves diverse viewpoints on important topics. The Club's weekly radio broadcast - the oldest in the U.S., dating back to 1924 - is carried across the nation on public radio stations and is now podcasting. Our website archive features audio of our recent programs, as well as selected speeches from our long and distinguished history. This podcast feed is usually updated twice a week and is always un-edited.",
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"imageSrc": "https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/04/Commonwealth-Club-Podcast-Tile-360x360-1.jpg",
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"meta": {
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"source": "Commonwealth Club of California"
},
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"google": "https://podcasts.google.com/feed/aHR0cDovL3d3dy5jb21tb253ZWFsdGhjbHViLm9yZy9hdWRpby9wb2RjYXN0L3dlZWtseS54bWw",
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"id": "forum",
"title": "Forum",
"tagline": "The conversation starts here",
"info": "KQED’s live call-in program discussing local, state, national and international issues, as well as in-depth interviews.",
"airtime": "MON-FRI 9am-11am, 10pm-11pm",
"imageSrc": "https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/04/Forum-Podcast-Tile-703x703-1.jpg",
"imageAlt": "KQED Forum with Mina Kim and Alexis Madrigal",
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"order": 9
},
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"id": "freakonomics-radio",
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"officialWebsiteLink": "http://freakonomics.com/",
"airtime": "SUN 1am-2am, SAT 3pm-4pm",
"meta": {
"site": "radio",
"source": "WNYC"
},
"link": "/radio/program/freakonomics-radio",
"subscribe": {
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"apple": "https://itunes.apple.com/us/podcast/freakonomics-radio/id354668519",
"tuneIn": "https://tunein.com/podcasts/WNYC-Podcasts/Freakonomics-Radio-p272293/",
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},
"fresh-air": {
"id": "fresh-air",
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"apple": "https://itunes.apple.com/WebObjects/MZStore.woa/wa/viewPodcast?s=143441&mt=2&id=214089682&at=11l79Y&ct=nprdirectory",
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"info": "A live production of NPR and WBUR Boston, in collaboration with stations across the country, Here & Now reflects the fluid world of news as it's happening in the middle of the day, with timely, in-depth news, interviews and conversation. Hosted by Robin Young, Jeremy Hobson and Tonya Mosley.",
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"hidden-brain": {
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"info": "Shankar Vedantam uses science and storytelling to reveal the unconscious patterns that drive human behavior, shape our choices and direct our relationships.",
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"airtime": "SUN 7pm-8pm",
"meta": {
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"source": "NPR"
},
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"how-i-built-this": {
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"title": "How I Built This with Guy Raz",
"info": "Guy Raz dives into the stories behind some of the world's best known companies. How I Built This weaves a narrative journey about innovators, entrepreneurs and idealists—and the movements they built.",
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"airtime": "SUN 7:30pm-8pm",
"meta": {
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"link": "/radio/program/how-i-built-this",
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"apple": "https://itunes.apple.com/us/podcast/how-i-built-this-with-guy-raz/id1150510297?mt=2",
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"hyphenacion": {
"id": "hyphenacion",
"title": "Hyphenación",
"tagline": "Where conversation and cultura meet",
"info": "What kind of no sabo word is Hyphenación? For us, it’s about living within a hyphenation. Like being a third-gen Mexican-American from the Texas border now living that Bay Area Chicano life. Like Xorje! Each week we bring together a couple of hyphenated Latinos to talk all about personal life choices: family, careers, relationships, belonging … everything is on the table. ",
"imageSrc": "https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2025/03/Hyphenacion_FinalAssets_PodcastTile.png",
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"officialWebsiteLink": "/podcasts/hyphenacion",
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"order": 15
},
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},
"jerrybrown": {
"id": "jerrybrown",
"title": "The Political Mind of Jerry Brown",
"tagline": "Lessons from a lifetime in politics",
"info": "The Political Mind of Jerry Brown brings listeners the wisdom of the former Governor, Mayor, and presidential candidate. Scott Shafer interviewed Brown for more than 40 hours, covering the former governor's life and half-century in the political game – and Brown has some lessons he'd like to share. ",
"imageSrc": "https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/04/The-Political-Mind-of-Jerry-Brown-Podcast-Tile-703x703-1.jpg",
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"officialWebsiteLink": "/podcasts/jerrybrown",
"meta": {
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"order": 18
},
"link": "/podcasts/jerrybrown",
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},
"latino-usa": {
"id": "latino-usa",
"title": "Latino USA",
"airtime": "MON 1am-2am, SUN 6pm-7pm",
"info": "Latino USA, the radio journal of news and culture, is the only national, English-language radio program produced from a Latino perspective.",
"imageSrc": "https://ww2.kqed.org/radio/wp-content/uploads/sites/50/2018/04/latinoUsa.jpg",
"officialWebsiteLink": "http://latinousa.org/",
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},
"link": "/radio/program/latino-usa",
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"apple": "https://itunes.apple.com/WebObjects/MZStore.woa/wa/viewPodcast?s=143441&mt=2&id=79681317&at=11l79Y&ct=nprdirectory",
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"rss": "https://feeds.npr.org/510016/podcast.xml"
}
},
"marketplace": {
"id": "marketplace",
"title": "Marketplace",
"info": "Our flagship program, helmed by Kai Ryssdal, examines what the day in money delivered, through stories, conversations, newsworthy numbers and more. Updated Monday through Friday at about 3:30 p.m. PT.",
"airtime": "MON-FRI 4pm-4:30pm, MON-WED 6:30pm-7pm",
"imageSrc": "https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/04/Marketplace-Podcast-Tile-360x360-1.jpg",
"officialWebsiteLink": "https://www.marketplace.org/",
"meta": {
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"source": "American Public Media"
},
"link": "/radio/program/marketplace",
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},
"masters-of-scale": {
"id": "masters-of-scale",
"title": "Masters of Scale",
"info": "Masters of Scale is an original podcast in which LinkedIn co-founder and Greylock Partner Reid Hoffman sets out to describe and prove theories that explain how great entrepreneurs take their companies from zero to a gazillion in ingenious fashion.",
"airtime": "Every other Wednesday June 12 through October 16 at 8pm (repeats Thursdays at 2am)",
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"officialWebsiteLink": "https://mastersofscale.com/",
"meta": {
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"source": "WaitWhat"
},
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"rss": "https://rss.art19.com/masters-of-scale"
}
},
"mindshift": {
"id": "mindshift",
"title": "MindShift",
"tagline": "A podcast about the future of learning and how we raise our kids",
"info": "The MindShift podcast explores the innovations in education that are shaping how kids learn. Hosts Ki Sung and Katrina Schwartz introduce listeners to educators, researchers, parents and students who are developing effective ways to improve how kids learn. We cover topics like how fed-up administrators are developing surprising tactics to deal with classroom disruptions; how listening to podcasts are helping kids develop reading skills; the consequences of overparenting; and why interdisciplinary learning can engage students on all ends of the traditional achievement spectrum. This podcast is part of the MindShift education site, a division of KQED News. KQED is an NPR/PBS member station based in San Francisco. You can also visit the MindShift website for episodes and supplemental blog posts or tweet us \u003ca href=\"https://twitter.com/MindShiftKQED\">@MindShiftKQED\u003c/a> or visit us at \u003ca href=\"/mindshift\">MindShift.KQED.org\u003c/a>",
"imageSrc": "https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/04/Mindshift-Podcast-Tile-703x703-1.jpg",
"imageAlt": "KQED MindShift: How We Will Learn",
"officialWebsiteLink": "/mindshift/",
"meta": {
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"source": "kqed",
"order": 12
},
"link": "/podcasts/mindshift",
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"google": "https://podcasts.google.com/feed/aHR0cHM6Ly9mZWVkcy5tZWdhcGhvbmUuZm0vS1FJTkM1NzY0NjAwNDI5",
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}
},
"morning-edition": {
"id": "morning-edition",
"title": "Morning Edition",
"info": "\u003cem>Morning Edition\u003c/em> takes listeners around the country and the world with multi-faceted stories and commentaries every weekday. Hosts Steve Inskeep, David Greene and Rachel Martin bring you the latest breaking news and features to prepare you for the day.",
"airtime": "MON-FRI 3am-9am",
"imageSrc": "https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/04/Morning-Edition-Podcast-Tile-360x360-1.jpg",
"officialWebsiteLink": "https://www.npr.org/programs/morning-edition/",
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"link": "/radio/program/morning-edition"
},
"onourwatch": {
"id": "onourwatch",
"title": "On Our Watch",
"tagline": "Deeply-reported investigative journalism",
"info": "For decades, the process for how police police themselves has been inconsistent – if not opaque. In some states, like California, these proceedings were completely hidden. After a new police transparency law unsealed scores of internal affairs files, our reporters set out to examine these cases and the shadow world of police discipline. On Our Watch brings listeners into the rooms where officers are questioned and witnesses are interrogated to find out who this system is really protecting. Is it the officers, or the public they've sworn to serve?",
"imageSrc": "https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/04/On-Our-Watch-Podcast-Tile-703x703-1.jpg",
"imageAlt": "On Our Watch from NPR and KQED",
"officialWebsiteLink": "/podcasts/onourwatch",
"meta": {
"site": "news",
"source": "kqed",
"order": 11
},
"link": "/podcasts/onourwatch",
"subscribe": {
"apple": "https://podcasts.apple.com/podcast/id1567098962",
"google": "https://podcasts.google.com/feed/aHR0cHM6Ly9mZWVkcy5ucHIub3JnLzUxMDM2MC9wb2RjYXN0LnhtbD9zYz1nb29nbGVwb2RjYXN0cw",
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"rss": "https://feeds.npr.org/510360/podcast.xml"
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},
"on-the-media": {
"id": "on-the-media",
"title": "On The Media",
"info": "Our weekly podcast explores how the media 'sausage' is made, casts an incisive eye on fluctuations in the marketplace of ideas, and examines threats to the freedom of information and expression in America and abroad. For one hour a week, the show tries to lift the veil from the process of \"making media,\" especially news media, because it's through that lens that we see the world and the world sees us",
"airtime": "SUN 2pm-3pm, MON 12am-1am",
"imageSrc": "https://ww2.kqed.org/radio/wp-content/uploads/sites/50/2018/04/onTheMedia.png",
"officialWebsiteLink": "https://www.wnycstudios.org/shows/otm",
"meta": {
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"source": "wnyc"
},
"link": "/radio/program/on-the-media",
"subscribe": {
"apple": "https://itunes.apple.com/us/podcast/on-the-media/id73330715?mt=2",
"tuneIn": "https://tunein.com/radio/On-the-Media-p69/",
"rss": "http://feeds.wnyc.org/onthemedia"
}
},
"pbs-newshour": {
"id": "pbs-newshour",
"title": "PBS NewsHour",
"info": "Analysis, background reports and updates from the PBS NewsHour putting today's news in context.",
"airtime": "MON-FRI 3pm-4pm",
"imageSrc": "https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/04/PBS-News-Hour-Podcast-Tile-360x360-1.jpg",
"officialWebsiteLink": "https://www.pbs.org/newshour/",
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"source": "pbs"
},
"link": "/radio/program/pbs-newshour",
"subscribe": {
"apple": "https://itunes.apple.com/us/podcast/pbs-newshour-full-show/id394432287?mt=2",
"tuneIn": "https://tunein.com/radio/PBS-NewsHour---Full-Show-p425698/",
"rss": "https://www.pbs.org/newshour/feeds/rss/podcasts/show"
}
},
"perspectives": {
"id": "perspectives",
"title": "Perspectives",
"tagline": "KQED's series of daily listener commentaries since 1991",
"info": "KQED's series of daily listener commentaries since 1991.",
"imageSrc": "https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2025/01/Perspectives_Tile_Final.jpg",
"imageAlt": "KQED Perspectives",
"officialWebsiteLink": "/perspectives/",
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"source": "kqed",
"order": 14
},
"link": "/perspectives",
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"npr": "https://www.npr.org/podcasts/432309616/perspectives",
"rss": "https://ww2.kqed.org/perspectives/category/perspectives/feed/",
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},
"planet-money": {
"id": "planet-money",
"title": "Planet Money",
"info": "The economy explained. Imagine you could call up a friend and say, Meet me at the bar and tell me what's going on with the economy. Now imagine that's actually a fun evening.",
"airtime": "SUN 3pm-4pm",
"imageSrc": "https://ww2.kqed.org/radio/wp-content/uploads/sites/50/2018/04/planetmoney.jpg",
"officialWebsiteLink": "https://www.npr.org/sections/money/",
"meta": {
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"source": "npr"
},
"link": "/radio/program/planet-money",
"subscribe": {
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"apple": "https://itunes.apple.com/us/podcast/planet-money/id290783428?mt=2",
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"rss": "https://feeds.npr.org/510289/podcast.xml"
}
},
"politicalbreakdown": {
"id": "politicalbreakdown",
"title": "Political Breakdown",
"tagline": "Politics from a personal perspective",
"info": "Political Breakdown is a new series that explores the political intersection of California and the nation. Each week hosts Scott Shafer and Marisa Lagos are joined with a new special guest to unpack politics -- with personality — and offer an insider’s glimpse at how politics happens.",
"airtime": "THU 6:30pm-7pm",
"imageSrc": "https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/04/Political-Breakdown-2024-Podcast-Tile-703x703-1.jpg",
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"officialWebsiteLink": "/podcasts/politicalbreakdown",
"meta": {
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"source": "kqed",
"order": 5
},
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