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"content": "\u003cp>Nancy Reagan is being buried today at the Ronald Reagan Presidential Library in Simi Valley, next to her husband.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Ronald Reagan was diagnosed with Alzheimer’s in 1994, just five years after leaving office. You can read his letter to the American public announcing the diagnosis \u003ca href=\"https://reaganlibrary.archives.gov/archives/reference/alzheimerletter.html\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">here\u003c/a>. Whether Reagan was affected by the disease during his presidency is a matter of some \u003ca href=\"http://abcnews.go.com/Health/MindMoodNews/ronald-reagan-alzheimers-presidency/story?id=12633225\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">debate\u003c/a>. A \u003ca href=\"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25633673?dopt=Abstract\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">case study\u003c/a> published last year found a shrinking of the president’s vocabulary during his presidency, a condition often linked to dementia.\u003c/p>\n\u003caside class=\"pullquote alignright\">‘Nancy Reagan took private conversations and threw them out into the public sphere, and in so doing created a tremendous awareness for Alzheimer’s disease that she then leveraged politically.’\u003ccite>Hans Keirstead, Stem Cell Research Pioneer\u003c/cite>\u003c/aside>\n\u003cp>After her husband’s diagnosis, Nancy Reagan became an advocate for Alzheimer’s research. In 1995, Mrs. Reagan helped establish the Ronald and Nancy Reagan Research Institute, an Alzheimer’s Association affiliate.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In 2002, years after his illness had forced Ronald Reagan out of public life, \u003ca href=\"http://www.nytimes.com/2002/09/29/us/nancy-reagan-in-a-whisper-fights-bush-over-stem-cells.html\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">The New York Times called \u003c/a>Nancy Reagan a “stealth lobbyist” against the\u003ca href=\"http://stemcells.nih.gov/policy/pages/2001policy.aspx\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"> sharp restrictions \u003c/a>President George W. Bush had imposed on stem cell research the previous year. These were \u003ca href=\"http://www.cnn.com/2009/POLITICS/03/09/obama.stem.cells/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">overturned\u003c/a> by President Obama soon after he took office, a decision Republicans strongly\u003ca href=\"http://www.cbsnews.com/news/republicans-rally-against-obama-on-stem-cells/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"> opposed\u003c/a> but drew \u003ca href=\"http://www.politico.com/story/2009/03/nancy-reagan-praises-obama-019787\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">strong praise\u003c/a> from Reagan.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>NPR earlier this week talked to \u003ca href=\"http://www.nytimes.com/2005/02/23/business/moving-stem-cells-front-and-center.html\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">stem cell pioneer\u003c/a> Hans Keirstead about Nancy Reagan’s heterodoxy within the conservative movement when it came to stem cells.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Nancy used the power of her position, you know, unapologetically, very responsibly to not only bring awareness to Alzheimer’s research, but also awareness to the tools that might benefit Alzheimer’s,” Keirstead said. “There was a lot of ignorance about where these cells came from, how they were procured, how they were used. She brought clarity to that by using her position, influencing senators, congressmen, politicians of all sorts as well as the federal government’s funding agencies like the National Institutes of Health.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>You can \u003ca href=\"http://www.npr.org/2016/03/07/469545335/stem-cell-pioneer-nancy-reagan-brought-alzheimers-into-the-public-sphere\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">listen\u003c/a> to the entire interview on NPR, or read the transcript, below:\u003c/p>\n\u003cblockquote>\u003cp>KELLY McEVERS, HOST:\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Nancy Reagan called Alzheimer’s disease a truly long, long goodbye. Her husband, President Ronald Reagan, announced he had the disease in 1994. And at the time, Alzheimer’s wasn’t talked about openly. The former first lady helped change that. Here she is in a C-SPAN interview in 1999.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>(SOUNDBITE OF ARCHIVED RECORDING)\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>NANCY REAGAN: It is probably the worst disease you can never have.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>UNIDENTIFIED MAN: Why?\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>REAGAN: Because you lose contact and you’re not able to share – in our case, you’re not able to share all those wonderful memories that we have. And we had a wonderful life.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>McEVERS: After Nancy Reagan’s death yesterday at the age of 94, she’s being remembered as a powerful advocate for Alzheimer’s research. We’re going to talk about that now with Hans Keirstead. He’s a stem cell research pioneer. And I understand Mrs. Reagan consulted you after her husband’s diagnosis with Alzheimer’s. What did she ask you?\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>HANS KEIRSTEAD: That’s correct. Nancy Reagan reached out to me in order to get a deeper understanding of what’s real and what’s false from all of the news that was coming out on stem cells.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>McEVERS: Did you know how publicly she was going to talk about Alzheimer’s at that point, or did you think these were, you know, more private conversations?\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>KEIRSTEAD: Nancy Reagan took private conversations and threw them out into the public sphere, and in so doing created a tremendous awareness for Alzheimer’s disease that she then leveraged politically. At that time, Ronald Reagan’s disease was being questioned as to its beginnings. Did it start during his presidency? Did it start afterwards? Nancy Reagan was really the first that stepped forward and put clarity to that, and brought the attention of the president of the United States and all the communication that surrounds that position to bear on Alzheimer’s awareness.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>McEVERS: The Ronald and Nancy Reagan Research Institute at the Alzheimer’s Association was established in 1995, not long after President Reagan’s diagnosis. And she helped raise millions and millions of dollars for research, took on the federal restrictions on embryonic stem cell research. This was not a popular idea with Republicans. What happened?\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>KEIRSTEAD: Nancy used the power of her position, you know, unapologetically, very responsibly to not only bring awareness to Alzheimer’s research, but also awareness to the tools that might benefit Alzheimer’s. There was a lot of ignorance about where these cells came from, how they were procured, how they were used. She brought clarity to that by using her position, influencing senators, congressmen, politicians of all sorts as well as the federal government’s funding agencies like the National Institutes of Health.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>McEVERS: Nancy Reagan did not see a cure in her lifetime. If you had a chance to say something to her about when that might happen, what would you say?\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>KEIRSTEAD: We have the most powerful biologic that doctors have ever come across, but in a complex disease like Alzheimer’s it takes hundreds of scientists to make these treatments. Biomedical research is a very long, very expensive road. She spurred us on, she gave us the fuel, and we’re using that now.\u003c/p>\u003c/blockquote>\n\n",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>Nancy Reagan is being buried today at the Ronald Reagan Presidential Library in Simi Valley, next to her husband.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Ronald Reagan was diagnosed with Alzheimer’s in 1994, just five years after leaving office. You can read his letter to the American public announcing the diagnosis \u003ca href=\"https://reaganlibrary.archives.gov/archives/reference/alzheimerletter.html\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">here\u003c/a>. Whether Reagan was affected by the disease during his presidency is a matter of some \u003ca href=\"http://abcnews.go.com/Health/MindMoodNews/ronald-reagan-alzheimers-presidency/story?id=12633225\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">debate\u003c/a>. A \u003ca href=\"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25633673?dopt=Abstract\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">case study\u003c/a> published last year found a shrinking of the president’s vocabulary during his presidency, a condition often linked to dementia.\u003c/p>\n\u003caside class=\"pullquote alignright\">‘Nancy Reagan took private conversations and threw them out into the public sphere, and in so doing created a tremendous awareness for Alzheimer’s disease that she then leveraged politically.’\u003ccite>Hans Keirstead, Stem Cell Research Pioneer\u003c/cite>\u003c/aside>\n\u003cp>After her husband’s diagnosis, Nancy Reagan became an advocate for Alzheimer’s research. In 1995, Mrs. Reagan helped establish the Ronald and Nancy Reagan Research Institute, an Alzheimer’s Association affiliate.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In 2002, years after his illness had forced Ronald Reagan out of public life, \u003ca href=\"http://www.nytimes.com/2002/09/29/us/nancy-reagan-in-a-whisper-fights-bush-over-stem-cells.html\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">The New York Times called \u003c/a>Nancy Reagan a “stealth lobbyist” against the\u003ca href=\"http://stemcells.nih.gov/policy/pages/2001policy.aspx\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"> sharp restrictions \u003c/a>President George W. Bush had imposed on stem cell research the previous year. These were \u003ca href=\"http://www.cnn.com/2009/POLITICS/03/09/obama.stem.cells/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">overturned\u003c/a> by President Obama soon after he took office, a decision Republicans strongly\u003ca href=\"http://www.cbsnews.com/news/republicans-rally-against-obama-on-stem-cells/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"> opposed\u003c/a> but drew \u003ca href=\"http://www.politico.com/story/2009/03/nancy-reagan-praises-obama-019787\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">strong praise\u003c/a> from Reagan.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>NPR earlier this week talked to \u003ca href=\"http://www.nytimes.com/2005/02/23/business/moving-stem-cells-front-and-center.html\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">stem cell pioneer\u003c/a> Hans Keirstead about Nancy Reagan’s heterodoxy within the conservative movement when it came to stem cells.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Nancy used the power of her position, you know, unapologetically, very responsibly to not only bring awareness to Alzheimer’s research, but also awareness to the tools that might benefit Alzheimer’s,” Keirstead said. “There was a lot of ignorance about where these cells came from, how they were procured, how they were used. She brought clarity to that by using her position, influencing senators, congressmen, politicians of all sorts as well as the federal government’s funding agencies like the National Institutes of Health.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>You can \u003ca href=\"http://www.npr.org/2016/03/07/469545335/stem-cell-pioneer-nancy-reagan-brought-alzheimers-into-the-public-sphere\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">listen\u003c/a> to the entire interview on NPR, or read the transcript, below:\u003c/p>\n\u003cblockquote>\u003cp>KELLY McEVERS, HOST:\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Nancy Reagan called Alzheimer’s disease a truly long, long goodbye. Her husband, President Ronald Reagan, announced he had the disease in 1994. And at the time, Alzheimer’s wasn’t talked about openly. The former first lady helped change that. Here she is in a C-SPAN interview in 1999.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>(SOUNDBITE OF ARCHIVED RECORDING)\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>NANCY REAGAN: It is probably the worst disease you can never have.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>UNIDENTIFIED MAN: Why?\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>REAGAN: Because you lose contact and you’re not able to share – in our case, you’re not able to share all those wonderful memories that we have. And we had a wonderful life.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>McEVERS: After Nancy Reagan’s death yesterday at the age of 94, she’s being remembered as a powerful advocate for Alzheimer’s research. We’re going to talk about that now with Hans Keirstead. He’s a stem cell research pioneer. And I understand Mrs. Reagan consulted you after her husband’s diagnosis with Alzheimer’s. What did she ask you?\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>HANS KEIRSTEAD: That’s correct. Nancy Reagan reached out to me in order to get a deeper understanding of what’s real and what’s false from all of the news that was coming out on stem cells.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>McEVERS: Did you know how publicly she was going to talk about Alzheimer’s at that point, or did you think these were, you know, more private conversations?\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>KEIRSTEAD: Nancy Reagan took private conversations and threw them out into the public sphere, and in so doing created a tremendous awareness for Alzheimer’s disease that she then leveraged politically. At that time, Ronald Reagan’s disease was being questioned as to its beginnings. Did it start during his presidency? Did it start afterwards? Nancy Reagan was really the first that stepped forward and put clarity to that, and brought the attention of the president of the United States and all the communication that surrounds that position to bear on Alzheimer’s awareness.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>McEVERS: The Ronald and Nancy Reagan Research Institute at the Alzheimer’s Association was established in 1995, not long after President Reagan’s diagnosis. And she helped raise millions and millions of dollars for research, took on the federal restrictions on embryonic stem cell research. This was not a popular idea with Republicans. What happened?\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>KEIRSTEAD: Nancy used the power of her position, you know, unapologetically, very responsibly to not only bring awareness to Alzheimer’s research, but also awareness to the tools that might benefit Alzheimer’s. There was a lot of ignorance about where these cells came from, how they were procured, how they were used. She brought clarity to that by using her position, influencing senators, congressmen, politicians of all sorts as well as the federal government’s funding agencies like the National Institutes of Health.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>McEVERS: Nancy Reagan did not see a cure in her lifetime. If you had a chance to say something to her about when that might happen, what would you say?\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>KEIRSTEAD: We have the most powerful biologic that doctors have ever come across, but in a complex disease like Alzheimer’s it takes hundreds of scientists to make these treatments. Biomedical research is a very long, very expensive road. She spurred us on, she gave us the fuel, and we’re using that now.\u003c/p>\u003c/blockquote>\n\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>",
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"content": "\u003cp>Over at the first annual Social Entrepreneurship & Innovation Conference, put on by the University of San Francisco last week, the mice were a'clickin,' the tweets were a'tweetin' and the entrepreneurs were a'pitchin.'\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>I stopped by the panel devoted to recent advances in medical technology, where one of the questions was: What trends in health care are truly going to be disruptive?\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Here are some of the panelists' \u003cspan style=\"line-height: 1.5\">answers, which have been edited.\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp style=\"text-align: left\">\"Price transparency is going to be huge over the next decade. More people will want to understand why a hip replacement at one institution costs $25,000 versus $5,000 someplace else. The price convergence of health care and mobile is also going to be powerful -- 95 percent of health care that exists in a facility right now can be delivered at the patient's home, at their workplace, while they're commuting.\"\u003cbr>\n\u003cem> -Connor Landgraf, cofounder \u003ca href=\"https://ekodevices.com/\" target=\"_blank\">EKO Devices\u003c/a>, a digital stethoscope maker\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"We're going to see a lot more data collection and a lot more people getting involved in the medical process, and it won't matter if you have a background in medicine or not. That allows us to tap the wisdom of patients who have gone through these issues themselves, and they are far more expert in their condition than the doctors who originally diagnosed them.\"\u003cbr>\n\u003cem> -Jessica Greenwalt, cofounder \u003ca href=\"https://www.crowdmed.com/\" target=\"_blank\">CrowdMed\u003c/a>, a diagnosis-crowdsourcing site\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"I see a trend in health-tech startups moving toward basing products on actual clinical evidence, which was not the case for a long time. We don't have to reinvent the wheel or create something brand new and crazy and innovative -- you don't need to have an Oculus Rift to do medical care. Sometimes you just take something we know works in the real world and put it online. You find a way to use technology to scale it.\"\u003cbr>\n\u003cem> -Amanda Angelotti, clinical systems designer, \u003ca href=\"http://www.onemedical.com/\" target=\"_blank\">One Medical Group\u003c/a>, membership-based health care\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"The biggest trend in digital health is the collection of data by passive devices, plus genomics. These are two areas that are coming together. Clinicians and medical specialists will massage the data to enable precision medicine for the patient. Mixed up in that is social data: What are you drinking? What are you eating? All that's coming together to be personalized.\"\u003cbr>\n\u003cem> -Pronoy Saha, founder, \u003ca href=\"http://healthtechnologyforum.com/\" target=\"_blank\">Health Technology Forum\u003c/a>, promoting the intersection of health care and technology\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\n",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>Over at the first annual Social Entrepreneurship & Innovation Conference, put on by the University of San Francisco last week, the mice were a'clickin,' the tweets were a'tweetin' and the entrepreneurs were a'pitchin.'\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>I stopped by the panel devoted to recent advances in medical technology, where one of the questions was: What trends in health care are truly going to be disruptive?\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Here are some of the panelists' \u003cspan style=\"line-height: 1.5\">answers, which have been edited.\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp style=\"text-align: left\">\"Price transparency is going to be huge over the next decade. More people will want to understand why a hip replacement at one institution costs $25,000 versus $5,000 someplace else. The price convergence of health care and mobile is also going to be powerful -- 95 percent of health care that exists in a facility right now can be delivered at the patient's home, at their workplace, while they're commuting.\"\u003cbr>\n\u003cem> -Connor Landgraf, cofounder \u003ca href=\"https://ekodevices.com/\" target=\"_blank\">EKO Devices\u003c/a>, a digital stethoscope maker\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"We're going to see a lot more data collection and a lot more people getting involved in the medical process, and it won't matter if you have a background in medicine or not. That allows us to tap the wisdom of patients who have gone through these issues themselves, and they are far more expert in their condition than the doctors who originally diagnosed them.\"\u003cbr>\n\u003cem> -Jessica Greenwalt, cofounder \u003ca href=\"https://www.crowdmed.com/\" target=\"_blank\">CrowdMed\u003c/a>, a diagnosis-crowdsourcing site\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"I see a trend in health-tech startups moving toward basing products on actual clinical evidence, which was not the case for a long time. We don't have to reinvent the wheel or create something brand new and crazy and innovative -- you don't need to have an Oculus Rift to do medical care. Sometimes you just take something we know works in the real world and put it online. You find a way to use technology to scale it.\"\u003cbr>\n\u003cem> -Amanda Angelotti, clinical systems designer, \u003ca href=\"http://www.onemedical.com/\" target=\"_blank\">One Medical Group\u003c/a>, membership-based health care\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"The biggest trend in digital health is the collection of data by passive devices, plus genomics. These are two areas that are coming together. Clinicians and medical specialists will massage the data to enable precision medicine for the patient. Mixed up in that is social data: What are you drinking? What are you eating? All that's coming together to be personalized.\"\u003cbr>\n\u003cem> -Pronoy Saha, founder, \u003ca href=\"http://healthtechnologyforum.com/\" target=\"_blank\">Health Technology Forum\u003c/a>, promoting the intersection of health care and technology\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>",
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"content": "\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Update March 8, 2016:\u003c/strong> As you can read in our original post below, we reported in February that Dr. Charles Chiu, a specialist in infectious disease at the University of California, San Francisco, has been testing a new genetic device that he hoped would diagnose the Zika virus in under six hours.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>That would be significant because a faster diagnosis could help health officials better contain the spread of the virus, aid in identifying infection hot spots, and allow doctors to quickly inform pregnant women they’ve been exposed.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>On Monday, Chiu gave us an update on the test’s progress. Speaking with KQED’s Lesley McClurg at the University of California, San Francisco symposium on preparing for Zika, Chiu said he’s been using the test on samples from patients in South America and the Caribbean who were suspected of having the virus.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Chiu said the test, which uses a technique called nanopore sequencing, has been working well to not only identify Zika, but also co-infections, found in those who have, for example, both the Chikungunya and Zika viruses. Currently, there are separate tests for infectious agents like the malaria or chikungunya viruses.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Chiu’s hope is the diagnostic test will be deployed in Barbados in the next month or two. A clinical microbiologist from Barbados will be coming to UCSF in the next two weeks to be trained on using the test, he said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>Original post\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Nearly 30 countries have reported outbreaks of the Zika virus, and the World Health Organization estimates that 3 to 4 million people may be infected by year’s end. Transmitted by mosquito bites and — in at least one case — sexually, the virus has been associated with fetal microcephaly, a condition in which babies are born with abnormally small heads and brain damage.\u003c/p>\n\u003caside class=\"“pullquote alignright\">“In a few months, we could use the device in the Zika-infected countries, although I’m hoping it’s in a few weeks.”\u003cbr>\n—\u003ccite>Dr. Charles Chiu\u003c/cite>\u003c/aside>\n\u003cp>No commercially available test for Zika virus exists. In the U.S., blood samples must be sent to the Centers for Disease Control, and it can take up to three weeks from the onset of infection for the test results to arrive.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>A faster tool for diagnosis would help public health officials better contain the disease’s spread, identify hot spots for infection, and allow doctors to quickly inform pregnant women if they’ve been exposed to the virus.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"http://profiles.ucsf.edu/charles.chiu\">Dr. Charles Chiu\u003c/a>, a specialist in infectious diseases at UC San Francisco, is testing a new genetic device that he hopes will diagnose Zika, and other mosquito-borne infections like dengue, in under six hours. If the technique proves successful, he hopes to send it to Brazil, ground zero for the virus, by the end of the month.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>I interviewed Dr. Chiu on Wednesday.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>This transcript has been edited for length and clarity\u003c/em>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Sheraz Sadiq\u003c/strong>: Can you describe this new technology that you’re testing in your lab to see if it can quickly detect the Zika virus?\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Dr. Charles Chiu\u003c/strong>: It’s a technique called nanopore sequencing. \u003ca href=\"https://www.nanoporetech.com/\">Oxford Nanopore\u003c/a>, a biotech company from the UK, is the only company that provides it as a commercial product. It’s a portable sequencer a bit larger than a USB stick, which can be powered by a USB connection on a laptop and can perform rapid sequencing.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_108058\" class=\"wp-caption alignright\" style=\"max-width: 800px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-full wp-image-108058\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/futureofyou/wp-content/uploads/sites/13/2017/02/OxfordNanoporeTechnologies_MinION-hand-e1454691575840.jpg\" alt=\"This small portable device may help rapidly diagnose Zika virus infections.\" width=\"800\" height=\"534\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">This small portable device may help rapidly diagnose Zika virus infections. \u003ccite>(Oxford Nanopore Technologies)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Right now, we have one specific test for every infectious agent. So there’s now a test for Zika, for malaria, and for dengue. But this new technique allows us to use a single test to detect any bacteria, virus or parasite.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>We’re planning on testing Zika virus-positive and Zika virus-negative blood samples in my lab next week. If the tests are promising, we will then deploy the technology to affected countries for use in local clinics and hospitals.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>With our tool, the turnaround time for test results can be under six hours.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Sadiq\u003c/strong>: Did you create this USB-sized sequencing device?\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Chiu\u003c/strong>: No, but we are implementing and validating the technology for use with clinical specimens, and we are hoping to develop it into a clinical assay, so that you could also do the analysis in the cloud or on your laptop, to rapidly analyze hundreds of thousands of DNA sequences and give you an answer within minutes.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>We recently published \u003ca href=\"https://www.ucsf.edu/news/2015/09/131806/portable-rapid-dna-test-can-detect-ebola-and-other-pathogens\">a study\u003c/a> showing that we can identify Ebola or Chikungunya virus infection within 10 minutes.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The goal is to rapidly test and deploy this in other countries. In a few months, we could be using the device in the Zika-infected countries, although I’m hoping it’s more like a few weeks.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_108366\" class=\"wp-caption alignright\" style=\"max-width: 800px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"wp-image-108366 size-medium\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/futureofyou/wp-content/uploads/sites/13/2016/02/UCSF_20151210_Chui_0075-800x451.jpg\" alt=\"Dr. Charles Chiu, M.D./Ph.D..Associate Professor, Laboratory Medicine and Medicine / Infectious Diseases at UCSF School of Medicine. \" width=\"800\" height=\"451\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/13/2016/02/UCSF_20151210_Chui_0075-800x451.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/13/2016/02/UCSF_20151210_Chui_0075-400x225.jpg 400w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/13/2016/02/UCSF_20151210_Chui_0075-768x433.jpg 768w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/13/2016/02/UCSF_20151210_Chui_0075-1180x665.jpg 1180w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/13/2016/02/UCSF_20151210_Chui_0075-1920x1082.jpg 1920w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/13/2016/02/UCSF_20151210_Chui_0075-960x541.jpg 960w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Charles Chiu, M.D./Ph.D., is a professor at UCSF School of Medicine. \u003ccite>(UCSF)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Sadiq\u003c/strong>: How long do you think it will take before a vaccine could be developed for the virus?\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Chiu\u003c/strong>: I think typically the turnaround time for a vaccine is 10 years. Fortunately, we have a vaccine for one member of the mosquito-borne viruses – the yellow fever virus. And there’s discussion about how to modify this into a vaccine for Zika virus, and also test novel vaccine candidates for Zika.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>With Ebola, there had been candidate vaccines available at various stages of development at the beginning of the outbreak, but with Zika there has been no development to date. So I think with Zika, it will probably be at least three to five years.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>In the San Francisco Bay Area, for a full report on the Zika virus, watch Newsroom on Friday, Feb. 5, 8 p.m. on KQED Public Television 9, listen on Sundays at 6 p.m. on KQED Public Radio 88.5 FM. \u003ca href=\"http://www.kqed.org/tv/programs/index.jsp?pgmid=21782\">\u003cstrong>Repeat television broadcasts\u003c/strong>\u003c/a> can be seen on KQED’s digital channels.\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>Or — from anywhere — you can \u003ca href=\"http://www.kqed.org/tv/programs/newsroom/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">watch on demand\u003c/a>.\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp> \u003c/p>\n\n",
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"title": "New, Rapid Zika Test Has Been Working, UCSF Researcher Says",
"description": "Dr. Charles Chiu, a specialist in infectious diseases at UC San Francisco, is testing a new genetic device that could rapidly diagnose the Zika virus.",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Update March 8, 2016:\u003c/strong> As you can read in our original post below, we reported in February that Dr. Charles Chiu, a specialist in infectious disease at the University of California, San Francisco, has been testing a new genetic device that he hoped would diagnose the Zika virus in under six hours.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>That would be significant because a faster diagnosis could help health officials better contain the spread of the virus, aid in identifying infection hot spots, and allow doctors to quickly inform pregnant women they’ve been exposed.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>On Monday, Chiu gave us an update on the test’s progress. Speaking with KQED’s Lesley McClurg at the University of California, San Francisco symposium on preparing for Zika, Chiu said he’s been using the test on samples from patients in South America and the Caribbean who were suspected of having the virus.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Chiu said the test, which uses a technique called nanopore sequencing, has been working well to not only identify Zika, but also co-infections, found in those who have, for example, both the Chikungunya and Zika viruses. Currently, there are separate tests for infectious agents like the malaria or chikungunya viruses.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Chiu’s hope is the diagnostic test will be deployed in Barbados in the next month or two. A clinical microbiologist from Barbados will be coming to UCSF in the next two weeks to be trained on using the test, he said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>Original post\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Nearly 30 countries have reported outbreaks of the Zika virus, and the World Health Organization estimates that 3 to 4 million people may be infected by year’s end. Transmitted by mosquito bites and — in at least one case — sexually, the virus has been associated with fetal microcephaly, a condition in which babies are born with abnormally small heads and brain damage.\u003c/p>\n\u003caside class=\"“pullquote alignright\">“In a few months, we could use the device in the Zika-infected countries, although I’m hoping it’s in a few weeks.”\u003cbr>\n—\u003ccite>Dr. Charles Chiu\u003c/cite>\u003c/aside>\n\u003cp>No commercially available test for Zika virus exists. In the U.S., blood samples must be sent to the Centers for Disease Control, and it can take up to three weeks from the onset of infection for the test results to arrive.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>A faster tool for diagnosis would help public health officials better contain the disease’s spread, identify hot spots for infection, and allow doctors to quickly inform pregnant women if they’ve been exposed to the virus.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"http://profiles.ucsf.edu/charles.chiu\">Dr. Charles Chiu\u003c/a>, a specialist in infectious diseases at UC San Francisco, is testing a new genetic device that he hopes will diagnose Zika, and other mosquito-borne infections like dengue, in under six hours. If the technique proves successful, he hopes to send it to Brazil, ground zero for the virus, by the end of the month.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>I interviewed Dr. Chiu on Wednesday.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>This transcript has been edited for length and clarity\u003c/em>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Sheraz Sadiq\u003c/strong>: Can you describe this new technology that you’re testing in your lab to see if it can quickly detect the Zika virus?\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Dr. Charles Chiu\u003c/strong>: It’s a technique called nanopore sequencing. \u003ca href=\"https://www.nanoporetech.com/\">Oxford Nanopore\u003c/a>, a biotech company from the UK, is the only company that provides it as a commercial product. It’s a portable sequencer a bit larger than a USB stick, which can be powered by a USB connection on a laptop and can perform rapid sequencing.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_108058\" class=\"wp-caption alignright\" style=\"max-width: 800px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-full wp-image-108058\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/futureofyou/wp-content/uploads/sites/13/2017/02/OxfordNanoporeTechnologies_MinION-hand-e1454691575840.jpg\" alt=\"This small portable device may help rapidly diagnose Zika virus infections.\" width=\"800\" height=\"534\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">This small portable device may help rapidly diagnose Zika virus infections. \u003ccite>(Oxford Nanopore Technologies)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Right now, we have one specific test for every infectious agent. So there’s now a test for Zika, for malaria, and for dengue. But this new technique allows us to use a single test to detect any bacteria, virus or parasite.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>We’re planning on testing Zika virus-positive and Zika virus-negative blood samples in my lab next week. If the tests are promising, we will then deploy the technology to affected countries for use in local clinics and hospitals.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>With our tool, the turnaround time for test results can be under six hours.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Sadiq\u003c/strong>: Did you create this USB-sized sequencing device?\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Chiu\u003c/strong>: No, but we are implementing and validating the technology for use with clinical specimens, and we are hoping to develop it into a clinical assay, so that you could also do the analysis in the cloud or on your laptop, to rapidly analyze hundreds of thousands of DNA sequences and give you an answer within minutes.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>We recently published \u003ca href=\"https://www.ucsf.edu/news/2015/09/131806/portable-rapid-dna-test-can-detect-ebola-and-other-pathogens\">a study\u003c/a> showing that we can identify Ebola or Chikungunya virus infection within 10 minutes.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The goal is to rapidly test and deploy this in other countries. In a few months, we could be using the device in the Zika-infected countries, although I’m hoping it’s more like a few weeks.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_108366\" class=\"wp-caption alignright\" style=\"max-width: 800px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"wp-image-108366 size-medium\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/futureofyou/wp-content/uploads/sites/13/2016/02/UCSF_20151210_Chui_0075-800x451.jpg\" alt=\"Dr. Charles Chiu, M.D./Ph.D..Associate Professor, Laboratory Medicine and Medicine / Infectious Diseases at UCSF School of Medicine. \" width=\"800\" height=\"451\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/13/2016/02/UCSF_20151210_Chui_0075-800x451.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/13/2016/02/UCSF_20151210_Chui_0075-400x225.jpg 400w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/13/2016/02/UCSF_20151210_Chui_0075-768x433.jpg 768w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/13/2016/02/UCSF_20151210_Chui_0075-1180x665.jpg 1180w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/13/2016/02/UCSF_20151210_Chui_0075-1920x1082.jpg 1920w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/13/2016/02/UCSF_20151210_Chui_0075-960x541.jpg 960w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Charles Chiu, M.D./Ph.D., is a professor at UCSF School of Medicine. \u003ccite>(UCSF)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Sadiq\u003c/strong>: How long do you think it will take before a vaccine could be developed for the virus?\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Chiu\u003c/strong>: I think typically the turnaround time for a vaccine is 10 years. Fortunately, we have a vaccine for one member of the mosquito-borne viruses – the yellow fever virus. And there’s discussion about how to modify this into a vaccine for Zika virus, and also test novel vaccine candidates for Zika.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>With Ebola, there had been candidate vaccines available at various stages of development at the beginning of the outbreak, but with Zika there has been no development to date. So I think with Zika, it will probably be at least three to five years.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>In the San Francisco Bay Area, for a full report on the Zika virus, watch Newsroom on Friday, Feb. 5, 8 p.m. on KQED Public Television 9, listen on Sundays at 6 p.m. on KQED Public Radio 88.5 FM. \u003ca href=\"http://www.kqed.org/tv/programs/index.jsp?pgmid=21782\">\u003cstrong>Repeat television broadcasts\u003c/strong>\u003c/a> can be seen on KQED’s digital channels.\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>Or — from anywhere — you can \u003ca href=\"http://www.kqed.org/tv/programs/newsroom/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">watch on demand\u003c/a>.\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp> \u003c/p>\n\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>",
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"content": "\u003cp>San Francisco scientists have discovered a new technique that offers hope for treating heart disease.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>When a person has a heart attack, billions of heart cells can die. Replacing or regenerating those lost cells has stumped doctors for years.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Scientists have tried for decades to treat heart failure by transplanting adult heart cells, but these cells cannot reproduce themselves, and so they do not survive in the damaged heart,\" explained biologist Yu Zhang, lead author on a new \u003ca href=\"http://www.cell.com/cell-reports/abstract/S2211-1247%2814%2900072-2\" target=\"_blank\">study\u003c/a>, published in the journal \u003ca href=\"http://www.cell.com/cell-stem-cell/home\" target=\"_blank\">Cell Stem Cell\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Zhang is part of a team of researchers at the \u003ca href=\"https://gladstone.org/\" target=\"_blank\">Gladstone Institutes \u003c/a>who manufactured a new type of stem cell that is in between an embryonic stem cell and an adult heart cell.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The scientists created a pharmaceutical cocktail of various drugs. They used the recipe to reprogram a type of skin cell to return it to an earlier state. In other words, the special brew reversed the cells' development and stopped them from growing up, essentially creating teenage cells (technically \u003cem>induced expandable cardiovascular progenitor cells\u003c/em> (ieCPCs) that are suspended in adolescence. (Wouldn't \u003cem>that\u003c/em> be a parental nightmare.)\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>When these teenage cells were injected into a mouse heart, after a heart attack, 90 percent of them transformed successfully into functioning heart cells. That means they started beating in the same rhythm with existing cells and created new blood vessels. The damaged heart improved and became stronger. The benefits to the mice lasted for at least three months.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Cardiac progenitor cells could be ideal for heart regeneration,” said senior author Sheng Ding, a chemist and senior investigator at Gladstone. “They are the closest precursor to functional heart cells, and, in a single step, they can rapidly and efficiently become heart cells, both in a dish and in a live heart. With our new technology, we can quickly create billions of these cells in a dish and then transplant them into damaged hearts to treat heart failure.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The question is whether these progenitor cells will work in humans as well as in mice. Ding says his team has already started experiments on human cells, and the preliminary results are promising.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Phillip Yang, associate professor of cardiology at Stanford University, shares Ding’s enthusiasm, but offers a slight caution.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“The study is a tremendous step in the field, but more definitive studies are needed to check the robustness of the method.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Dr. Sean Wu, clinical cardiologist at Stanford University, agrees that more research is needed. “As a part of the scientific process, it would be important to have these reported findings be replicated and even better, further extended by an independent lab.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Yang and Wu say the ultimate question is clinical effectiveness. \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Gladstone researchers estimate human clinical trials are at least three to five years away. Wu estimates that'll be closer to 10 to 20 years.\u003c/p>\n\n",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>San Francisco scientists have discovered a new technique that offers hope for treating heart disease.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>When a person has a heart attack, billions of heart cells can die. Replacing or regenerating those lost cells has stumped doctors for years.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Scientists have tried for decades to treat heart failure by transplanting adult heart cells, but these cells cannot reproduce themselves, and so they do not survive in the damaged heart,\" explained biologist Yu Zhang, lead author on a new \u003ca href=\"http://www.cell.com/cell-reports/abstract/S2211-1247%2814%2900072-2\" target=\"_blank\">study\u003c/a>, published in the journal \u003ca href=\"http://www.cell.com/cell-stem-cell/home\" target=\"_blank\">Cell Stem Cell\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Zhang is part of a team of researchers at the \u003ca href=\"https://gladstone.org/\" target=\"_blank\">Gladstone Institutes \u003c/a>who manufactured a new type of stem cell that is in between an embryonic stem cell and an adult heart cell.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The scientists created a pharmaceutical cocktail of various drugs. They used the recipe to reprogram a type of skin cell to return it to an earlier state. In other words, the special brew reversed the cells' development and stopped them from growing up, essentially creating teenage cells (technically \u003cem>induced expandable cardiovascular progenitor cells\u003c/em> (ieCPCs) that are suspended in adolescence. (Wouldn't \u003cem>that\u003c/em> be a parental nightmare.)\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>When these teenage cells were injected into a mouse heart, after a heart attack, 90 percent of them transformed successfully into functioning heart cells. That means they started beating in the same rhythm with existing cells and created new blood vessels. The damaged heart improved and became stronger. The benefits to the mice lasted for at least three months.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Cardiac progenitor cells could be ideal for heart regeneration,” said senior author Sheng Ding, a chemist and senior investigator at Gladstone. “They are the closest precursor to functional heart cells, and, in a single step, they can rapidly and efficiently become heart cells, both in a dish and in a live heart. With our new technology, we can quickly create billions of these cells in a dish and then transplant them into damaged hearts to treat heart failure.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The question is whether these progenitor cells will work in humans as well as in mice. Ding says his team has already started experiments on human cells, and the preliminary results are promising.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Phillip Yang, associate professor of cardiology at Stanford University, shares Ding’s enthusiasm, but offers a slight caution.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“The study is a tremendous step in the field, but more definitive studies are needed to check the robustness of the method.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Dr. Sean Wu, clinical cardiologist at Stanford University, agrees that more research is needed. “As a part of the scientific process, it would be important to have these reported findings be replicated and even better, further extended by an independent lab.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Yang and Wu say the ultimate question is clinical effectiveness. \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Gladstone researchers estimate human clinical trials are at least three to five years away. Wu estimates that'll be closer to 10 to 20 years.\u003c/p>\n\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>",
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"disqusTitle": "WSJ: How Theranos Put Patients in 'Immediate Jeopardy'",
"title": "WSJ: How Theranos Put Patients in 'Immediate Jeopardy'",
"headTitle": "Future of You | KQED Future of You | KQED Science",
"content": "\u003cp>On Jan. 25, the Centers for Medicare & Medicaid \u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/futureofyou/2016/01/27/government-says-theranos-lab-problems-pose-immediate-jeopardy-to-patients/\" target=\"_blank\">released a letter\u003c/a> it sent to the blood-test startup Theranos, informing the company an inspection of its Newark, California lab had found it to be deficient in five areas. CMS said deficiencies in one of those areas -- hematology -- put patients in \"immediate jeopardy,\" which is defined by the agency as a situation likely to cause \"serious injury or harm, or death\" to patients.\u003c/p>\n\u003caside class=\"“pullquote alignright\">Theranos ran a blood-clotting test on 81 patients \"despite erratic results from quality-control checks,\"\u003ca href=\"http://www.wsj.com/articles/theranos-ran-tests-despite-quality-problems-1457399479\" target=\"_blank\"> The Wall Street Journal reports\u003c/a>.\u003c/aside>\n\u003cp>Sounded serious, to say the least. But what CMS did not release are the actual \u003cem>problems\u003c/em> it found in the lab that caused it to reach such a dire conclusion. Those were detailed on \u003ca href=\"https://www.cms.gov/Medicare/CMS-Forms/CMS-Forms/downloads/cms2567.pdf\" target=\"_blank\">Form CMS-2567\u003c/a>, called a Statement of Deficiencies. When we asked CMS for \u003cem>that\u003c/em>, a spokesperson would only say the form would become \"releasable\" after Theranos' plan of correction was approved.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Well, The Wall Street Journal, which has just about \u003ca href=\"https://www.google.com/search?q=wall+street+journal+theranos\" target=\"_blank\">single-handedly extinguished the hype\u003c/a> around Theranos as a \"disruptor\" of the blood-test industry, has \u003ca href=\"http://www.wsj.com/articles/theranos-ran-tests-despite-quality-problems-1457399479\" target=\"_blank\">talked\u003c/a> to \"people familiar with the report.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Those sources said CMS found that Theranos \"ran an important blood test on 81 patients in a six-month period despite erratic results from quality-control checks meant to ensure the test’s accuracy,\" the Journal said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The test, called the \u003ca href=\"http://www.healthline.com/health/prothrombin-time-pt#WhyIt'sDone2\" target=\"_blank\">prothrombin time test\u003c/a>, measures how long it takes blood to clot. Inaccurate results \"can be especially serious for patients taking blood thinners such as warfarin\" (better known as Coumadin), the paper said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Any doctors who received results from tests conducted between April 23 and Sept. 15, 2015, when the quality control problems emerged, should have patients retested as soon as possible,\" one academic in laboratory medicine told the Journal. “Those results are not worth anything,” said Timothy Hamill, professor emeritus at the University of California, San Francisco.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In response to the Journal report, Theranos released a \u003ca href=\"https://www.theranos.com/news/posts/statement-regarding-newark-california-lab-survey\" target=\"_blank\">statement\u003c/a> in which it said it had contacted \"any potentially affected patients.\" Dr. Kingshuk Das, the new director of the lab, said: \"We have conducted assessments to identify any patients affected or having the potential to be affected by the issues identified by CMS, and we have no reason to believe that these issues have affected patients’ health.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Report Held\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>News of these details raise the question of why CMS didn't release them in the first place?\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"The company has asked CMS not to publicly release the inspection report on the grounds that doing so would compromise Theranos trade secrets, according to people familiar with the company's position,\" wrote the Journal.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Meanwhile, Theranos watchers are waiting for the other shoe to drop regarding its partnership with Walgreen's. Last week, The Financial Times \u003ca href=\"http://www.ft.com/cms/s/0/09b69eb8-de5f-11e5-b072-006d8d362ba3.html#axzz42KmjmbLJ\" target=\"_blank\">reported\u003c/a> the drug store chain is looking for a legal way out of its contract with Theranos.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Also last week: 32-year-old Theranos founder Elizabeth Holmes \u003ca href=\"http://sdnews.com/view/full_story/27111919/article-Elizabeth-Holmes-backs-out-of-genomic-medicine-parley?instance=update1\" target=\"_blank\">backed out of speaking\u003c/a> at a conference on the future of genomic medicine. Why, we don't know.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>You can read the entire Wall Street Journal report below. And if you want to see Wall Street Journal reporter John Carreyrou give the inside story of his Theranos reporting, \u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/futureofyou/2016/02/04/wall-street-journal-reporter-discusses-theranos-investigation-video/\" target=\"_blank\">here he is in an extensive, wide-ranging interview\u003c/a> on Feb. 4.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>http://www.wsj.com/articles/theranos-ran-tests-despite-quality-problems-1457399479\u003c/p>\n\n",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>On Jan. 25, the Centers for Medicare & Medicaid \u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/futureofyou/2016/01/27/government-says-theranos-lab-problems-pose-immediate-jeopardy-to-patients/\" target=\"_blank\">released a letter\u003c/a> it sent to the blood-test startup Theranos, informing the company an inspection of its Newark, California lab had found it to be deficient in five areas. CMS said deficiencies in one of those areas -- hematology -- put patients in \"immediate jeopardy,\" which is defined by the agency as a situation likely to cause \"serious injury or harm, or death\" to patients.\u003c/p>\n\u003caside class=\"“pullquote alignright\">Theranos ran a blood-clotting test on 81 patients \"despite erratic results from quality-control checks,\"\u003ca href=\"http://www.wsj.com/articles/theranos-ran-tests-despite-quality-problems-1457399479\" target=\"_blank\"> The Wall Street Journal reports\u003c/a>.\u003c/aside>\n\u003cp>Sounded serious, to say the least. But what CMS did not release are the actual \u003cem>problems\u003c/em> it found in the lab that caused it to reach such a dire conclusion. Those were detailed on \u003ca href=\"https://www.cms.gov/Medicare/CMS-Forms/CMS-Forms/downloads/cms2567.pdf\" target=\"_blank\">Form CMS-2567\u003c/a>, called a Statement of Deficiencies. When we asked CMS for \u003cem>that\u003c/em>, a spokesperson would only say the form would become \"releasable\" after Theranos' plan of correction was approved.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Well, The Wall Street Journal, which has just about \u003ca href=\"https://www.google.com/search?q=wall+street+journal+theranos\" target=\"_blank\">single-handedly extinguished the hype\u003c/a> around Theranos as a \"disruptor\" of the blood-test industry, has \u003ca href=\"http://www.wsj.com/articles/theranos-ran-tests-despite-quality-problems-1457399479\" target=\"_blank\">talked\u003c/a> to \"people familiar with the report.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Those sources said CMS found that Theranos \"ran an important blood test on 81 patients in a six-month period despite erratic results from quality-control checks meant to ensure the test’s accuracy,\" the Journal said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The test, called the \u003ca href=\"http://www.healthline.com/health/prothrombin-time-pt#WhyIt'sDone2\" target=\"_blank\">prothrombin time test\u003c/a>, measures how long it takes blood to clot. Inaccurate results \"can be especially serious for patients taking blood thinners such as warfarin\" (better known as Coumadin), the paper said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Any doctors who received results from tests conducted between April 23 and Sept. 15, 2015, when the quality control problems emerged, should have patients retested as soon as possible,\" one academic in laboratory medicine told the Journal. “Those results are not worth anything,” said Timothy Hamill, professor emeritus at the University of California, San Francisco.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In response to the Journal report, Theranos released a \u003ca href=\"https://www.theranos.com/news/posts/statement-regarding-newark-california-lab-survey\" target=\"_blank\">statement\u003c/a> in which it said it had contacted \"any potentially affected patients.\" Dr. Kingshuk Das, the new director of the lab, said: \"We have conducted assessments to identify any patients affected or having the potential to be affected by the issues identified by CMS, and we have no reason to believe that these issues have affected patients’ health.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Report Held\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>News of these details raise the question of why CMS didn't release them in the first place?\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"The company has asked CMS not to publicly release the inspection report on the grounds that doing so would compromise Theranos trade secrets, according to people familiar with the company's position,\" wrote the Journal.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Meanwhile, Theranos watchers are waiting for the other shoe to drop regarding its partnership with Walgreen's. Last week, The Financial Times \u003ca href=\"http://www.ft.com/cms/s/0/09b69eb8-de5f-11e5-b072-006d8d362ba3.html#axzz42KmjmbLJ\" target=\"_blank\">reported\u003c/a> the drug store chain is looking for a legal way out of its contract with Theranos.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Also last week: 32-year-old Theranos founder Elizabeth Holmes \u003ca href=\"http://sdnews.com/view/full_story/27111919/article-Elizabeth-Holmes-backs-out-of-genomic-medicine-parley?instance=update1\" target=\"_blank\">backed out of speaking\u003c/a> at a conference on the future of genomic medicine. Why, we don't know.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>You can read the entire Wall Street Journal report below. And if you want to see Wall Street Journal reporter John Carreyrou give the inside story of his Theranos reporting, \u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/futureofyou/2016/02/04/wall-street-journal-reporter-discusses-theranos-investigation-video/\" target=\"_blank\">here he is in an extensive, wide-ranging interview\u003c/a> on Feb. 4.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>http://www.wsj.com/articles/theranos-ran-tests-despite-quality-problems-1457399479\u003c/p>\n\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>",
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"content": "\u003cp>A U.S. company assigned a crucial role in the efforts to battle Ebola in Sierra Leone made a series of costly mistakes during the 2014 outbreak, an Associated Press investigation has found.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Staffers with the San Francisco-based company Metabiota Inc. not only misread the epidemic, they contributed to botched lab results, undermined partners and put people at risk of the terrifying virus, according to leaked documents and interviews with international health responders.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The company had been tapped by the World Health Organization and the Sierra Leonean government to help fight Ebola. But internal emails from WHO and other international health agencies obtained by AP show that senior scientists were alarmed at a spate of problems in a lab shared by Metabiota and Tulane University.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"This is a situation that WHO can no longer endorse,\" WHO outbreak expert Dr. Eric Bertherat wrote in a July 17, 2014, email to colleagues.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Bertherat relayed reports of \"total confusion\" in the government lab split between Metabiota and Tulane at the Kenema hospital in Sierra Leone, noting there was \"no tracking of the samples\" and \"absolutely no control on what is being done.\" He said the flubbed results were particularly dangerous given suspicion among the local population that international workers were spreading Ebola deliberately.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Lawrence Gostin, director of WHO's Collaborating Center on Public Health Law and Human Rights at Georgetown University, said it was inexcusable that a company without the required expertise to respond to an outbreak was given such fundamental responsibilities.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"It was a comedy of errors,\" he said, adding that WHO was ultimately to blame for allowing the situation to unravel.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"WHO knew that this company was bungling the response and they did nothing,\" Gostin said. \"In any other context, that would be called a cover-up.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>WHO officials did not return messages seeking comment on the AP story.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Metabiota's chief executive officer and founder, Nathan Wolfe, said there was no evidence that his company was responsible for the lab blunders.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>He added that the reported squabbles were overblown and that any predictions made by his employees who were on loan to the Sierra Leonean government didn't reflect the company's position. Metabiota doesn't specialize in outbreak response, he said, but volunteered its staff and resources to Sierra Leone at a cost to his company of about $500,000.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"We are incredibly proud about everything they did,\" he said at an interview in his office Thursday. \"These are individuals who took substantial personal risk and worked incredibly long hours.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Metabiota bills itself as a pioneer in tracking emerging viral threats and says it works to \"improve the world's resilience to epidemics.\" The firm and its nonprofit sister company, Global Viral, have received millions from the U.S. Department of Defense, USAID, Google and the California-based Skoll Foundation.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In the early months of the 2014 Ebola outbreak, with WHO and partners thin on the ground, authorities in Sierra Leone turned to Metabiota to help respond to the epidemic in Kenema. The company had been in the country since 2009 and supported the government on issues including outbreak investigation and laboratory work.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>At first, Metabiota appeared to be doing well. According to an account on its website, company staffers helped to train hundreds of health workers under the guidance of WHO.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But within weeks, the virus spread across the country and, as the death toll mounted, experts began questioning the work being done at the lab in Kenema shared by Metabiota and Tulane, which had its own longstanding project researching Lassa fever and other diseases.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>When Gary Kobinger, head of special pathogens at the Public Health Agency of Canada, double-checked some of the facility's work in mid-July, he found worrying discrepancies in four of eight tests and identified as many as five people wrongly diagnosed with Ebola, according to emails obtained by AP.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"If you detect two, three, four, five, how many are out there?\" Kobinger said in an interview.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The mistakes sparked concern about bigger problems in the lab — worries relayed all the way up to WHO Director-General Dr. Margaret Chan. When U. S. health official Austin Demby inspected the facility, he found a mess.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"The cross contamination potential is huge and quite frankly unacceptable,\" he wrote in late July.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Metabiota founder Wolfe said \"we did wonderful lab work as far as I'm concerned.\" He said errors in the shared facility stopped once \"other groups\" were pulled from Ebola testing.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Documents show that Metabiota and Tulane blamed each other for the mistakes.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But Metabiota was criticized elsewhere too. The firm's employees were \"systematically obstructing any attempt to improve the existing surveillance system,\" WHO Ebola coordinator Philippe Barboza said in an August 8, 2014, email. Another WHO employee, Mikiko Senga, photographed a Metabiota presentation that described the outbreak in Kenema as \"stabilizing.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"They are sending wrong messages,\" she said. \"The outbreak is clearly not stabilizing.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Metabiota's problems mirror the wider mismanagement that hamstrung the world's response to Ebola, which has killed more than 11,000 people. Previous AP reporting has shown that WHO resisted sounding the alarm over Ebola for two months on political, religious and economic grounds and failed to put together a decisive response even after the alert was issued.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>WHO since has promised reforms.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>As for Metabiota, Wolfe's firm has largely been congratulated on its work in West Africa. Last year, the company raised some $30 million in investment intended to support their epidemic projects.\u003c/p>\n\n",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>A U.S. company assigned a crucial role in the efforts to battle Ebola in Sierra Leone made a series of costly mistakes during the 2014 outbreak, an Associated Press investigation has found.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Staffers with the San Francisco-based company Metabiota Inc. not only misread the epidemic, they contributed to botched lab results, undermined partners and put people at risk of the terrifying virus, according to leaked documents and interviews with international health responders.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The company had been tapped by the World Health Organization and the Sierra Leonean government to help fight Ebola. But internal emails from WHO and other international health agencies obtained by AP show that senior scientists were alarmed at a spate of problems in a lab shared by Metabiota and Tulane University.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"This is a situation that WHO can no longer endorse,\" WHO outbreak expert Dr. Eric Bertherat wrote in a July 17, 2014, email to colleagues.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Bertherat relayed reports of \"total confusion\" in the government lab split between Metabiota and Tulane at the Kenema hospital in Sierra Leone, noting there was \"no tracking of the samples\" and \"absolutely no control on what is being done.\" He said the flubbed results were particularly dangerous given suspicion among the local population that international workers were spreading Ebola deliberately.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Lawrence Gostin, director of WHO's Collaborating Center on Public Health Law and Human Rights at Georgetown University, said it was inexcusable that a company without the required expertise to respond to an outbreak was given such fundamental responsibilities.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"It was a comedy of errors,\" he said, adding that WHO was ultimately to blame for allowing the situation to unravel.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"WHO knew that this company was bungling the response and they did nothing,\" Gostin said. \"In any other context, that would be called a cover-up.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>WHO officials did not return messages seeking comment on the AP story.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Metabiota's chief executive officer and founder, Nathan Wolfe, said there was no evidence that his company was responsible for the lab blunders.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>He added that the reported squabbles were overblown and that any predictions made by his employees who were on loan to the Sierra Leonean government didn't reflect the company's position. Metabiota doesn't specialize in outbreak response, he said, but volunteered its staff and resources to Sierra Leone at a cost to his company of about $500,000.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"We are incredibly proud about everything they did,\" he said at an interview in his office Thursday. \"These are individuals who took substantial personal risk and worked incredibly long hours.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Metabiota bills itself as a pioneer in tracking emerging viral threats and says it works to \"improve the world's resilience to epidemics.\" The firm and its nonprofit sister company, Global Viral, have received millions from the U.S. Department of Defense, USAID, Google and the California-based Skoll Foundation.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In the early months of the 2014 Ebola outbreak, with WHO and partners thin on the ground, authorities in Sierra Leone turned to Metabiota to help respond to the epidemic in Kenema. The company had been in the country since 2009 and supported the government on issues including outbreak investigation and laboratory work.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>At first, Metabiota appeared to be doing well. According to an account on its website, company staffers helped to train hundreds of health workers under the guidance of WHO.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But within weeks, the virus spread across the country and, as the death toll mounted, experts began questioning the work being done at the lab in Kenema shared by Metabiota and Tulane, which had its own longstanding project researching Lassa fever and other diseases.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>When Gary Kobinger, head of special pathogens at the Public Health Agency of Canada, double-checked some of the facility's work in mid-July, he found worrying discrepancies in four of eight tests and identified as many as five people wrongly diagnosed with Ebola, according to emails obtained by AP.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"If you detect two, three, four, five, how many are out there?\" Kobinger said in an interview.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The mistakes sparked concern about bigger problems in the lab — worries relayed all the way up to WHO Director-General Dr. Margaret Chan. When U. S. health official Austin Demby inspected the facility, he found a mess.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"The cross contamination potential is huge and quite frankly unacceptable,\" he wrote in late July.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Metabiota founder Wolfe said \"we did wonderful lab work as far as I'm concerned.\" He said errors in the shared facility stopped once \"other groups\" were pulled from Ebola testing.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Documents show that Metabiota and Tulane blamed each other for the mistakes.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But Metabiota was criticized elsewhere too. The firm's employees were \"systematically obstructing any attempt to improve the existing surveillance system,\" WHO Ebola coordinator Philippe Barboza said in an August 8, 2014, email. Another WHO employee, Mikiko Senga, photographed a Metabiota presentation that described the outbreak in Kenema as \"stabilizing.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"They are sending wrong messages,\" she said. \"The outbreak is clearly not stabilizing.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Metabiota's problems mirror the wider mismanagement that hamstrung the world's response to Ebola, which has killed more than 11,000 people. Previous AP reporting has shown that WHO resisted sounding the alarm over Ebola for two months on political, religious and economic grounds and failed to put together a decisive response even after the alert was issued.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>WHO since has promised reforms.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>As for Metabiota, Wolfe's firm has largely been congratulated on its work in West Africa. Last year, the company raised some $30 million in investment intended to support their epidemic projects.\u003c/p>\n\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>",
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"content": "\u003cp>The University of California, San Francisco is holding a symposium today on preparing for the Zika virus. The school says topics will include epidemiology and prevention, vector biology and control, clinical management and policy, and the basic science of the virus.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Of especial interest for those following progress on the diagnostic front, Dr. Charles Chiu is scheduled to speak at the 1:00 p.m. (PT) session. Chiu told KQED's Sheraz Sadiq last month he was \u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/futureofyou/2016/02/04/new-6-hour-zika-test-could-be-ready-soon/\" target=\"_blank\">working on a new test to diagnose Zika in under six hours\u003c/a>. Since then, Chiu said that although he'd completed testing of the technique on blood samples, he couldn't comment on its effectiveness while the results were being peer reviewed for publication in a scientific journal.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>Watch live 10 a.m. to 3:30 p.m.\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[youtube https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ueBGveH8ct8&w=560&h=315]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>A rapid test for Zika would be important because currently in the U.S. it can take up to three weeks from the onset of infection for test results to arrive. A faster tool for diagnosis would help public health officials to identify Zika hot spots, allow doctors to quickly inform pregnant women if they’ve been exposed, and aid in better containing the disease’s spread.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Here is the symposium's \u003ca href=\"https://www.ucsf.edu/sites/default/files/Program-for-Zika-Symposium-2016.pdf\" target=\"_blank\">full schedule\u003c/a>. UCSF is promoting the hashtag \u003ca href=\"https://twitter.com/hashtag/UCSFZika?src=hash\" target=\"_blank\">#UCSFZika\u003c/a> on Twitter.\u003ca href=\"https://www.youtube.com/UCSF/live\" target=\"_blank\"> Watch the webcast\u003c/a>, from 10 a.m. to 3:30 p.m., above.\u003c/p>\n\n",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>The University of California, San Francisco is holding a symposium today on preparing for the Zika virus. The school says topics will include epidemiology and prevention, vector biology and control, clinical management and policy, and the basic science of the virus.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Of especial interest for those following progress on the diagnostic front, Dr. Charles Chiu is scheduled to speak at the 1:00 p.m. (PT) session. Chiu told KQED's Sheraz Sadiq last month he was \u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/futureofyou/2016/02/04/new-6-hour-zika-test-could-be-ready-soon/\" target=\"_blank\">working on a new test to diagnose Zika in under six hours\u003c/a>. Since then, Chiu said that although he'd completed testing of the technique on blood samples, he couldn't comment on its effectiveness while the results were being peer reviewed for publication in a scientific journal.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>Watch live 10 a.m. to 3:30 p.m.\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003cspan class='utils-parseShortcode-shortcodes-__youtubeShortcode__embedYoutube'>\n \u003cspan class='utils-parseShortcode-shortcodes-__youtubeShortcode__embedYoutubeInside'>\n \u003ciframe\n loading='lazy'\n class='utils-parseShortcode-shortcodes-__youtubeShortcode__youtubePlayer'\n type='text/html'\n src='//www.youtube.com/embed/ueBGveH8ct8'\n title='//www.youtube.com/embed/ueBGveH8ct8'\n allowfullscreen='true'\n style='border:0;'>\u003c/iframe>\n \u003c/span>\n \u003c/span>\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>A rapid test for Zika would be important because currently in the U.S. it can take up to three weeks from the onset of infection for test results to arrive. A faster tool for diagnosis would help public health officials to identify Zika hot spots, allow doctors to quickly inform pregnant women if they’ve been exposed, and aid in better containing the disease’s spread.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Here is the symposium's \u003ca href=\"https://www.ucsf.edu/sites/default/files/Program-for-Zika-Symposium-2016.pdf\" target=\"_blank\">full schedule\u003c/a>. UCSF is promoting the hashtag \u003ca href=\"https://twitter.com/hashtag/UCSFZika?src=hash\" target=\"_blank\">#UCSFZika\u003c/a> on Twitter.\u003ca href=\"https://www.youtube.com/UCSF/live\" target=\"_blank\"> Watch the webcast\u003c/a>, from 10 a.m. to 3:30 p.m., above.\u003c/p>\n\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>",
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"disqusTitle": "Is Your Baby at Risk for Childhood Obesity? New Tool Predicts Likelihood",
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"content": "\u003cp>What if you could predict whether you'd be overweight five years from now?\u003c/p>\n\u003caside class=\"“pullquote alignright\">Two factors played the biggest role in predicting childhood obesity: higher-than-average birth weight and the amount a baby had gained at six months.\u003c/aside>\n\u003cp>Adults face varying degrees of difficulty in avoiding a beer belly. But once a child becomes obese, he or she is likely to stay that way into adulthood, with an increased risk for hypertension, diabetes and metabolic disease.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>That's why UCSF has developed an algorithm it says can predict the likelihood a baby will be obese by age five.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Pediatrician \u003ca href=\"http://healthcare.utah.edu/fad/mddetail.php?physicianID=u6001564\" target=\"_blank\">Jacob Robson\u003c/a>, lead author of a \u003ca href=\"http://www.jpeds.com/pb/assets/raw/Health%20Advance/journals/ympd/8123_Robson.pdf\" target=\"_blank\">study on the algorithm\u003c/a> published in The Journal of Pediatrics Friday, \u003cspan style=\"font-size: 10.5pt;font-family: 'Arial','sans-serif'\">\u003cspan style=\"font-family: 'Arial','sans-serif'\">said \u003c/span>\u003c/span>age five was the focus of the research because that's the age children enter school and become more susceptible to making poor food choices, and because that was the data that was available.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Robson and UCSF epidemiologist \u003ca href=\"https://pediatrics.ucsf.edu/faculty/janet-wojcicki-phd-mph\" target=\"_blank\">Janet Wojcicki\u003c/a> recruited a high-risk demographic—pregnant Latina women and their children—and tracked them over five years.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Of the 166 children they followed, almost one-third were obese by age 5.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">\"Low-income minority groups are disproportionately impacted by obesity,\" says Wojcicki. \u003c/span>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">\"Disadvantaged groups have less access to care, and they’re often living in food deserts and may not have a great-built environment where they have opportunities for physical exercise.\"\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But Wojcicki added that a\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">ll groups in the U.S. are at risk for obesity. \u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">Approximately \u003ca href=\"http://www.cdc.gov/obesity/data/childhood.html\" target=\"_blank\">12.7 million children and adolescents are obese\u003c/a> in the U.S., according to the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. The CDC \u003ca href=\"http://www.cdc.gov/obesity/childhood/defining.html\" target=\"_blank\">defines obesity\u003c/a> in children and teens as a body mass index, or BMI, at or above the 95th percentile for their peers of the same age and sex.\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But now, Wojcicki and Robson say, their predictive model can lead to early intervention.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The team's algorithm scans electronic health records and analyzes 10 data points, like a mom's weight before pregnancy, a baby's birth weight and whether she's being breastfed—all information that is routinely collected.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Based on this data, the algorithm states the percentage that a child will likely be obese by age 5.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp class=\"p1\">\u003cspan class=\"s1\">Using the algorithm, researchers found that 94 percent of infants whose risk was ranked below the 25th percentile landed in the normal weight range by age five. In contrast, \u003cspan class=\"s1\">61 percent of those whose risk level was scored above the 75th\u003c/span>\u003cspan class=\"s1\"> percentile were obese by age five.\u003c/span>\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp class=\"p1\">Wojcicki and her team found two factors played the biggest role in predicting childhood obesity: higher-than-average birth weight and the amount a baby had gained six months after birth.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"Any super-accelerated weight gain is concerning,\" says Wojcick\u003cstrong>i.\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Wojcicki and Robson envision a system where doctors receive alerts on their phones if the algorithm detects an at-risk patient. Then they could inform the mother before her child reaches kindergarten.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The key is to start early.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"A lot of the apps people are working on in Silicon Valley are for targeting kids that are already overweight,\" says Wojcicki. She says by that time it may be too late.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">\"Most prevention efforts are not harmful,\" jokes Robson. \"Decreasing screen time, getting more exercise, eating healthy and targeting kids early could play big role.\"\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The researchers' next step is to test more mothers and their children to confirm the study's findings.\u003c/p>\n\n",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>What if you could predict whether you'd be overweight five years from now?\u003c/p>\n\u003caside class=\"“pullquote alignright\">Two factors played the biggest role in predicting childhood obesity: higher-than-average birth weight and the amount a baby had gained at six months.\u003c/aside>\n\u003cp>Adults face varying degrees of difficulty in avoiding a beer belly. But once a child becomes obese, he or she is likely to stay that way into adulthood, with an increased risk for hypertension, diabetes and metabolic disease.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>That's why UCSF has developed an algorithm it says can predict the likelihood a baby will be obese by age five.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Pediatrician \u003ca href=\"http://healthcare.utah.edu/fad/mddetail.php?physicianID=u6001564\" target=\"_blank\">Jacob Robson\u003c/a>, lead author of a \u003ca href=\"http://www.jpeds.com/pb/assets/raw/Health%20Advance/journals/ympd/8123_Robson.pdf\" target=\"_blank\">study on the algorithm\u003c/a> published in The Journal of Pediatrics Friday, \u003cspan style=\"font-size: 10.5pt;font-family: 'Arial','sans-serif'\">\u003cspan style=\"font-family: 'Arial','sans-serif'\">said \u003c/span>\u003c/span>age five was the focus of the research because that's the age children enter school and become more susceptible to making poor food choices, and because that was the data that was available.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Robson and UCSF epidemiologist \u003ca href=\"https://pediatrics.ucsf.edu/faculty/janet-wojcicki-phd-mph\" target=\"_blank\">Janet Wojcicki\u003c/a> recruited a high-risk demographic—pregnant Latina women and their children—and tracked them over five years.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Of the 166 children they followed, almost one-third were obese by age 5.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">\"Low-income minority groups are disproportionately impacted by obesity,\" says Wojcicki. \u003c/span>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">\"Disadvantaged groups have less access to care, and they’re often living in food deserts and may not have a great-built environment where they have opportunities for physical exercise.\"\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But Wojcicki added that a\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">ll groups in the U.S. are at risk for obesity. \u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">Approximately \u003ca href=\"http://www.cdc.gov/obesity/data/childhood.html\" target=\"_blank\">12.7 million children and adolescents are obese\u003c/a> in the U.S., according to the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. The CDC \u003ca href=\"http://www.cdc.gov/obesity/childhood/defining.html\" target=\"_blank\">defines obesity\u003c/a> in children and teens as a body mass index, or BMI, at or above the 95th percentile for their peers of the same age and sex.\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But now, Wojcicki and Robson say, their predictive model can lead to early intervention.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The team's algorithm scans electronic health records and analyzes 10 data points, like a mom's weight before pregnancy, a baby's birth weight and whether she's being breastfed—all information that is routinely collected.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Based on this data, the algorithm states the percentage that a child will likely be obese by age 5.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp class=\"p1\">\u003cspan class=\"s1\">Using the algorithm, researchers found that 94 percent of infants whose risk was ranked below the 25th percentile landed in the normal weight range by age five. In contrast, \u003cspan class=\"s1\">61 percent of those whose risk level was scored above the 75th\u003c/span>\u003cspan class=\"s1\"> percentile were obese by age five.\u003c/span>\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp class=\"p1\">Wojcicki and her team found two factors played the biggest role in predicting childhood obesity: higher-than-average birth weight and the amount a baby had gained six months after birth.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"Any super-accelerated weight gain is concerning,\" says Wojcick\u003cstrong>i.\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Wojcicki and Robson envision a system where doctors receive alerts on their phones if the algorithm detects an at-risk patient. Then they could inform the mother before her child reaches kindergarten.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The key is to start early.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"A lot of the apps people are working on in Silicon Valley are for targeting kids that are already overweight,\" says Wojcicki. She says by that time it may be too late.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">\"Most prevention efforts are not harmful,\" jokes Robson. \"Decreasing screen time, getting more exercise, eating healthy and targeting kids early could play big role.\"\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The researchers' next step is to test more mothers and their children to confirm the study's findings.\u003c/p>\n\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>",
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"title": "Health Care Industry Leaves Sensitive Patient Info Vulnerable, California AG Says",
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"content": "\u003cp>California’s health care industry is a data-security laggard, failing to sufficiently protect sensitive information stored on lost or stolen laptops, smartphones and flash drives, according to state Attorney General Kamala Harris.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>It’s not just personal records. Hackers have begun threatening the basic day-to-day functioning of hospitals and other health care facilities, made vivid by the Feb. 5 ransomware attack on Hollywood Presbyterian Medical Center in Los Angeles.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In that attack, hackers encrypted critical files on the center’s computer system and demanded $17,000 in ransom for the digital key to make them readable again.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In a controversial move, the hospital sent the unidentified hackers the money in a digital currency known as Bitcoin — tough, if not impossible, to trace. Critics said paying the ransom would only invite more attacks, but hospital executives, who noted employees had turned to pen and paper for record keeping, insisted they needed to get the center running again.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Now that organizations rely increasingly on the collection and use of personal information and criminals take advantage of security weaknesses to obtain and profit from that same information, it is more important than ever that all of us redouble our efforts to ensure that this data does not end up in the wrong hands,” Harris wrote the report, which covers reported data breaches across all industries in California from 2012 to 2015.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Over those years, the number of Californians whose personal records were breached through loss or theft grew from 2.6 million in 2012 to 24 million in 2015, whether at hospitals, insurers, retailers, financial institutions or other places where sensitive data is stores. Health care and insurers played a big role, though: That 24 million includes 10.4 million breached in a hack attack on health insurer Anthem, and 4.5 million in another attack on UCLA Health.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The health sector has improved its use of strong encryption on hardware devices, the report notes, and while those kind of breaches have declined, health care still is “lagging behind other sectors” in securing devices.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But cyberattacks on large databases are growing in all industry sectors, with far more personal records available than might be found on a smartphone.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Cybersecurity challenges in health care aren’t just confined to California — hospitals, insurers, doctors’ offices, pharmacies, and medical device manufacturers all face the possibility of data breaches. A security firm recently reported that its team was able to hack into patient monitors and medicine-delivery systems at hospitals in the Baltimore and Washington, D.C. region.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Health organizations face a unique challenge when it comes to shoring up their cybersecurity, said Dan McWhorter, vice president and chief intelligence strategist at Fire Eye, a cybersecurity firm based in Milpitas.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Health care providers and insurers keep on hand massive amounts of highly sensitive personal medical data as well as financial data. Breaching that data can result in serious violations of privacy, economic harm and even physical harm to patients, if treatment technology is compromised. These organizations need to protect that confidential information while simultaneously sharing it with other providers to coordinate patient care and payment, McWhorter said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Health care mergers that involve combining data among large companies have made data protection even more complicated, he said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Moreover, hospitals have many visitors, in contrast to other companies that can limit access only to employees. And they work with many “trusted third parties” such as insurers and medical device manufacturers, with online connections to their data, McWhorter said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>McWhorter said he was able to compromise the website of an infusion pump manufacturer, giving him potential access to 15 different medical organizations.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“There are industries that are more heavily targeted (by cybercriminals) than health care, but the impact (on people) is much, much greater,” McWhorter said. “What’s happening is that cyber-attacks are becoming a better way to do malicious things without risk, rather than running into a shopping center and shooting people.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>This story was produced by \u003ca href=\"http://khn.org/\">Kaiser Health News\u003c/a>, which publishes \u003ca href=\"http://californiahealthline.org/\" target=\"_blank\">California Healthline\u003c/a>, a service of the California Health Care Foundation.\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\n",
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"headline": "Health Care Industry Leaves Sensitive Patient Info Vulnerable, California AG Says",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>California’s health care industry is a data-security laggard, failing to sufficiently protect sensitive information stored on lost or stolen laptops, smartphones and flash drives, according to state Attorney General Kamala Harris.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>It’s not just personal records. Hackers have begun threatening the basic day-to-day functioning of hospitals and other health care facilities, made vivid by the Feb. 5 ransomware attack on Hollywood Presbyterian Medical Center in Los Angeles.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In that attack, hackers encrypted critical files on the center’s computer system and demanded $17,000 in ransom for the digital key to make them readable again.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In a controversial move, the hospital sent the unidentified hackers the money in a digital currency known as Bitcoin — tough, if not impossible, to trace. Critics said paying the ransom would only invite more attacks, but hospital executives, who noted employees had turned to pen and paper for record keeping, insisted they needed to get the center running again.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Now that organizations rely increasingly on the collection and use of personal information and criminals take advantage of security weaknesses to obtain and profit from that same information, it is more important than ever that all of us redouble our efforts to ensure that this data does not end up in the wrong hands,” Harris wrote the report, which covers reported data breaches across all industries in California from 2012 to 2015.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Over those years, the number of Californians whose personal records were breached through loss or theft grew from 2.6 million in 2012 to 24 million in 2015, whether at hospitals, insurers, retailers, financial institutions or other places where sensitive data is stores. Health care and insurers played a big role, though: That 24 million includes 10.4 million breached in a hack attack on health insurer Anthem, and 4.5 million in another attack on UCLA Health.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The health sector has improved its use of strong encryption on hardware devices, the report notes, and while those kind of breaches have declined, health care still is “lagging behind other sectors” in securing devices.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But cyberattacks on large databases are growing in all industry sectors, with far more personal records available than might be found on a smartphone.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Cybersecurity challenges in health care aren’t just confined to California — hospitals, insurers, doctors’ offices, pharmacies, and medical device manufacturers all face the possibility of data breaches. A security firm recently reported that its team was able to hack into patient monitors and medicine-delivery systems at hospitals in the Baltimore and Washington, D.C. region.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Health organizations face a unique challenge when it comes to shoring up their cybersecurity, said Dan McWhorter, vice president and chief intelligence strategist at Fire Eye, a cybersecurity firm based in Milpitas.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Health care providers and insurers keep on hand massive amounts of highly sensitive personal medical data as well as financial data. Breaching that data can result in serious violations of privacy, economic harm and even physical harm to patients, if treatment technology is compromised. These organizations need to protect that confidential information while simultaneously sharing it with other providers to coordinate patient care and payment, McWhorter said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Health care mergers that involve combining data among large companies have made data protection even more complicated, he said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Moreover, hospitals have many visitors, in contrast to other companies that can limit access only to employees. And they work with many “trusted third parties” such as insurers and medical device manufacturers, with online connections to their data, McWhorter said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>McWhorter said he was able to compromise the website of an infusion pump manufacturer, giving him potential access to 15 different medical organizations.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“There are industries that are more heavily targeted (by cybercriminals) than health care, but the impact (on people) is much, much greater,” McWhorter said. “What’s happening is that cyber-attacks are becoming a better way to do malicious things without risk, rather than running into a shopping center and shooting people.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>This story was produced by \u003ca href=\"http://khn.org/\">Kaiser Health News\u003c/a>, which publishes \u003ca href=\"http://californiahealthline.org/\" target=\"_blank\">California Healthline\u003c/a>, a service of the California Health Care Foundation.\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>",
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"disqusTitle": "Yes, Even CRISPR Pioneer Jennifer Doudna Experiences Gender Bias",
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"content": "\u003cp>A Google search for the exact phrase \"\u003ca href=\"https://www.google.com/?gws_rd=ssl#q=%22barriers+to+women+in+science%22\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">barriers to women in science\u003c/a>\" brings up 85,000 results. \"\u003ca href=\"https://www.google.com/?gws_rd=ssl#q=%22barriers+for+women+in+science%22\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Barriers for women in science\u003c/a>\" fetches another 30k and change.\u003c/p>\n\u003caside class=\"pullquote alignright\">\"I've gotten to a point where I do now see signs of the glass ceiling.\"\u003ccite>Jennifer Doudna\u003c/cite>\u003c/aside>\n\u003cp>Here's a 2010 \u003ca href=\"http://www.aauw.org/files/2013/02/Why-So-Few-Women-in-Science-Technology-Engineering-and-Mathematics.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">report\u003c/a> from the American Association of University Women that found negative stereotypes contributing to implicit bias against females in the STEM fields. This 2014 \u003ca href=\"http://journals.plos.org/plosone/article?id=10.1371/journal.pone.0102172\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">survey\u003c/a> found 70 percent of female scientist trainees doing fieldwork had experienced sexual harassment.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>So no, it's not a new concept. And yet, it was still a little unnerving to hear someone as prestigious as Jennifer Doudna -- a pioneer of the gene-editing technique CRISPR whom \u003ca href=\"http://www.nytimes.com/2015/05/12/science/jennifer-doudna-crispr-cas9-genetic-engineering.html\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">The New York Times\u003c/a> said \"helped make one of the most monumental discoveries in biology\" -- \u003ca href=\"http://www.kqed.org/a/forum/R201602151000\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">say on KQED Forum recently\u003c/a> that she, too, was hitting the proverbial glass ceiling. When asked if she'd ever experienced gender discrimination, she told host Michael Krasny:\u003c/p>\n\u003cblockquote>\u003cp>\"This topic comes up a lot and I have to say, earlier in my career, honestly, I never gave it a thought. I didn't think about my gender, I pursued my passion for science and research. But I do have to tell you, as I've gone on in my career, particularly the last 10 years or so, I've gotten to a point where I do now see signs of the glass ceiling. I don't think it's always intentional bias, but ... I do experience bias against women in some settings.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"I think that what we're seeing is that it's very difficult for women to break into the top echelons of leadership in science. I'm not talking so much here about university leadership, but more leadership in the highest levels of public policy and the government, as well as in company board rooms.\"\u003c/p>\u003c/blockquote>\n\u003cp>[soundcloud url=\"https://api.soundcloud.com/tracks/247244078\" params=\"color=ff5500&auto_play=false&hide_related=false&show_comments=true&show_user=true&show_reposts=false\" width=\"100%\" height=\"166\" iframe=\"true\" /]\u003cbr>\n\u003cstrong>Overcoming Bias\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Doudna is not alone. Last month, a panel at the Women in Science Summit in San Francisco shared personal experiences of gender discrimination.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"All along the way I would hear about my opportunities in science,\" said oceanographer Anne Russell. \"For example, ‘You could marry this guy, he’s a really good hydrologist.' [Or] you’d be talking to someone about your ideas and then he puts his arm around you.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Russell now runs her own lab. But she is still aware of the potential for being minimized. When the press covers her research, she said, she makes sure she is the one piloting the boat.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Dawn Wright, chief scientist at the Environmental System Research Institute, said she was once on a months-long expedition at sea where she was one of five women on board, and the only woman of color. Despite her trepidation, she became friends with a male oil driller who had never worked with an African-American, let alone one who was a female scientist. She urged her colleagues, outnumbered in the male-dominated sciences, to persevere.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"There is peril out there; we can't avoid it,\" she said. \"But there are really, really good things that can come from it as well if we continue to be courageous.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Finally there was Jonathan Eisen, a microbiologist at the University of California, Davis who has become an outspoken critic on social media of the lack of diversity at scientific conferences. He said his awareness about barriers to women's participation started when he saw a nanny watching a baby outside a scientific conference; she'd been hired so the infant's mother could attend the conference.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“It was literally one of those light bulb epiphany moments where my privilege in my life came front and center to me, because it had never occurred to me to that this would be an issue for anybody,” Eisen said. “I changed on that day from being an oblivious, privileged person to being a little less oblivious, privileged person,” he said.\u003c/p>\n\n",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>A Google search for the exact phrase \"\u003ca href=\"https://www.google.com/?gws_rd=ssl#q=%22barriers+to+women+in+science%22\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">barriers to women in science\u003c/a>\" brings up 85,000 results. \"\u003ca href=\"https://www.google.com/?gws_rd=ssl#q=%22barriers+for+women+in+science%22\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Barriers for women in science\u003c/a>\" fetches another 30k and change.\u003c/p>\n\u003caside class=\"pullquote alignright\">\"I've gotten to a point where I do now see signs of the glass ceiling.\"\u003ccite>Jennifer Doudna\u003c/cite>\u003c/aside>\n\u003cp>Here's a 2010 \u003ca href=\"http://www.aauw.org/files/2013/02/Why-So-Few-Women-in-Science-Technology-Engineering-and-Mathematics.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">report\u003c/a> from the American Association of University Women that found negative stereotypes contributing to implicit bias against females in the STEM fields. This 2014 \u003ca href=\"http://journals.plos.org/plosone/article?id=10.1371/journal.pone.0102172\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">survey\u003c/a> found 70 percent of female scientist trainees doing fieldwork had experienced sexual harassment.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>So no, it's not a new concept. And yet, it was still a little unnerving to hear someone as prestigious as Jennifer Doudna -- a pioneer of the gene-editing technique CRISPR whom \u003ca href=\"http://www.nytimes.com/2015/05/12/science/jennifer-doudna-crispr-cas9-genetic-engineering.html\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">The New York Times\u003c/a> said \"helped make one of the most monumental discoveries in biology\" -- \u003ca href=\"http://www.kqed.org/a/forum/R201602151000\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">say on KQED Forum recently\u003c/a> that she, too, was hitting the proverbial glass ceiling. When asked if she'd ever experienced gender discrimination, she told host Michael Krasny:\u003c/p>\n\u003cblockquote>\u003cp>\"This topic comes up a lot and I have to say, earlier in my career, honestly, I never gave it a thought. I didn't think about my gender, I pursued my passion for science and research. But I do have to tell you, as I've gone on in my career, particularly the last 10 years or so, I've gotten to a point where I do now see signs of the glass ceiling. I don't think it's always intentional bias, but ... I do experience bias against women in some settings.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"I think that what we're seeing is that it's very difficult for women to break into the top echelons of leadership in science. I'm not talking so much here about university leadership, but more leadership in the highest levels of public policy and the government, as well as in company board rooms.\"\u003c/p>\u003c/blockquote>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003cdiv class='utils-parseShortcode-shortcodes-__shortcodes__shortcodeWrapper'>\n \u003ciframe width='100%' height='166'\n scrolling='no' frameborder='no'\n src='https://w.soundcloud.com/player/?url=https://api.soundcloud.com/tracks/247244078&visual=true&color=ff5500&auto_play=false&hide_related=false&show_comments=true&show_user=true&show_reposts=false'\n title='https://api.soundcloud.com/tracks/247244078'>\n \u003c/iframe>\n \u003c/div>\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003cbr>\n\u003cstrong>Overcoming Bias\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Doudna is not alone. Last month, a panel at the Women in Science Summit in San Francisco shared personal experiences of gender discrimination.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"All along the way I would hear about my opportunities in science,\" said oceanographer Anne Russell. \"For example, ‘You could marry this guy, he’s a really good hydrologist.' [Or] you’d be talking to someone about your ideas and then he puts his arm around you.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Russell now runs her own lab. But she is still aware of the potential for being minimized. When the press covers her research, she said, she makes sure she is the one piloting the boat.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Dawn Wright, chief scientist at the Environmental System Research Institute, said she was once on a months-long expedition at sea where she was one of five women on board, and the only woman of color. Despite her trepidation, she became friends with a male oil driller who had never worked with an African-American, let alone one who was a female scientist. She urged her colleagues, outnumbered in the male-dominated sciences, to persevere.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"There is peril out there; we can't avoid it,\" she said. \"But there are really, really good things that can come from it as well if we continue to be courageous.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Finally there was Jonathan Eisen, a microbiologist at the University of California, Davis who has become an outspoken critic on social media of the lack of diversity at scientific conferences. He said his awareness about barriers to women's participation started when he saw a nanny watching a baby outside a scientific conference; she'd been hired so the infant's mother could attend the conference.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“It was literally one of those light bulb epiphany moments where my privilege in my life came front and center to me, because it had never occurred to me to that this would be an issue for anybody,” Eisen said. “I changed on that day from being an oblivious, privileged person to being a little less oblivious, privileged person,” he said.\u003c/p>\n\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>",
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"disqusTitle": "Robots Are Here, And Working at Your Local Hospital",
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"content": "\u003cp>Meet the \u003ca href=\"http://www.ucsfmissionbayhospitals.org/articles/high-tech-tug-robots-do-heavy-lifting-at-mission-bay.html\" target=\"_blank\">Tugs\u003c/a> — a team of 27 robots now zooming around the hallways of the new University of California-San Francisco hospital at Mission Bay. They look a bit like R2D2, dragging a platform around behind them. Instead of drones, think of them more as little flatbed trucks, ferrying carts of stuff around the vast hospital complex — food, linens, medications, medical waste and garbage. And they do it more efficiently than humans.\u003c/p>\n\u003caside class=\"“pullquote alignright\">Using TUG robots allowed UCSF to hire about 30 fewer workers during an expansion.\u003c/aside>\n\u003cp>“This one is going up to one of the floors. It’s carrying meals that were ordered in probably the last 20 minutes,” said Dan Henroid, who is in charge of this elite fleet, as he pointed to a robot motoring by him.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Henroid, who is also director of nutrition and food services for the USCF Medical Center, says each Tug travels about 35 miles each day. Over the past year, they have made more than 157,000 trips through the hospital.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Henroid said no one in the hospital has lost a job to the robots. UCSF was in the midst of a hiring spree for the new hospital, and the Tugs allowed him to hire about 30 fewer workers than he would have otherwise.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>He added that the robots are really just carting things from one point to another, something most humans would not find particularly rewarding. “The Tug has a job to do, and it’s sort of a thankless job. So, I think, better to have a robot doing it, perhaps, than a human.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But not everyone in the hospital is such a big fan of the Tugs.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“I think they’re helpful. I think they’re also kind of a pain,” said Mardi Thompson, a nurse in the neonatal intensive care unit. “I’ve seen them run into computers; I’ve seen them run into glass doors; I’ve seen them run into each other.” Sometimes, she said, two Tugs get stuck near the nurses’ station, each one waiting for the other to pass. The nurses call that a “Tug of war.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>She says over the past year, the robots have gotten better. But for Thompson, there’s still the issue of jobs.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Definitely there are jobs lost, which is kind of interesting to me because with the economy the way it is, you’d think people need jobs. And then we have these robots doing them,” said Thompson.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_121045\" class=\"wp-caption alignright\" style=\"max-width: 370px\">\u003cimg class=\"size-full wp-image-121045\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/futureofyou/wp-content/uploads/sites/13/2016/03/tug-3.jpg\" alt=\"The UCSF Benioff Children’s Hospital in San Francisco, Calif., is experimenting with different types of skins on the tugs. (Heidi de Marco/KHN)\" width=\"370\" height=\"554\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">The UCSF Benioff Children’s Hospital in San Francisco, Calif., is experimenting with different types of skins on the tugs. (Heidi de Marco/KHN) \u003ccite>(Heidi de Marco/KHN)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Overall, the Tug program has cost UCSF about $6 million, including the changes required to hospital infrastructure to accommodate the robots. But Henroid said they have still saved the hospital money. “The cost of transporting materials and supplies waste is an overhead cost. So the more you can do you that efficiently, the less cost you have,” he explained.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>About 120 hospitals throughout the U.S. are using Tugs, according to manufacturer \u003ca href=\"http://www.aethon.com/\" target=\"_blank\">Aethon\u003c/a> in Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>For some departments, such as the bustling hospital kitchen where the Tugs pick up carts loaded with trays of food and drop off dirty dishes, employees have eagerly adopted their automated co-workers. “In nutrition food services, we named all of ours for fruit — so we have Apple, Pear, Blueberry, Orange and Grape,” explained Henroid.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The Tugs are kind of cute, but also a little unnerving, as they shuttle past other hospital workers like they own the joint. Each one is carefully programmed to stay out of the way, said Henroid, but sometimes it feels as if one could mow down a bystander.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In a moment of bravery, a visitor decided to step in a Tug’s path. It headed straight for her, but stopped suddenly a safe distance away.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=REEzJfGRaZE\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Henroid seemed pleased: “You have faith! See, it stopped 2 feet away from you. You thought it was gonna run into you.” The Tugs have sensors along their base that can tell if anything is in their way.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The robots have very little contact with patients. They mostly stay in the hallways or nurses’ stations, where human workers pick up their goods and deliver them to patients in person. When the kids in the children’s hospital catch a glance, however, it’s quite a scene.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Medical-surgical unit coordinator Michael Eckenrode pointed out a half dozen plastic toy vehicles nearby, including a cab and a bike.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The children like to climb aboard and ride them around the unit. “When the robots come the kids start screaming ‘Robots’ and they follow them down the hall. And it goes down around the corner and opens the elevator and gets on by itself. So that’s like a magic thing for them,” said Eckenrode.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Rogelio Diaz-Ramirez, an adorable three-year-old, was in the hospital with a lung infection, but he couldn’t stop smiling at just the thought of seeing a robot for the first time.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“We’re going to search for a robot!” said nurse Sonia Salinas in Spanish, as she took Rogelio’s hand and led him through the hallway.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Salinas spotted a Tug coming down the corridor. “Robot! Come on! Run, Run!” she told Rogelio.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>When he caught up, Rogelio looked awestruck. Salinas showed him how to press the big green and red buttons on top that make the Tug go and stop. Until it’s time for the Tug to attend to its next assignment.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Say Goodbye. Goodbye, Tuggy!” she told him. “Adios!” said Rogelio with a wave.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>This story was produced in collaboration with APM’s \u003ca href=\"http://www.marketplace.org/\" target=\"_blank\">Marketplace\u003c/a>.\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cem> “This story was produced by \u003ca href=\"http://khn.org/\">Kaiser Health News\u003c/a>, which publishes California Healthline, a service of the California Health Care Foundation.”\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\n",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>Meet the \u003ca href=\"http://www.ucsfmissionbayhospitals.org/articles/high-tech-tug-robots-do-heavy-lifting-at-mission-bay.html\" target=\"_blank\">Tugs\u003c/a> — a team of 27 robots now zooming around the hallways of the new University of California-San Francisco hospital at Mission Bay. They look a bit like R2D2, dragging a platform around behind them. Instead of drones, think of them more as little flatbed trucks, ferrying carts of stuff around the vast hospital complex — food, linens, medications, medical waste and garbage. And they do it more efficiently than humans.\u003c/p>\n\u003caside class=\"“pullquote alignright\">Using TUG robots allowed UCSF to hire about 30 fewer workers during an expansion.\u003c/aside>\n\u003cp>“This one is going up to one of the floors. It’s carrying meals that were ordered in probably the last 20 minutes,” said Dan Henroid, who is in charge of this elite fleet, as he pointed to a robot motoring by him.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Henroid, who is also director of nutrition and food services for the USCF Medical Center, says each Tug travels about 35 miles each day. Over the past year, they have made more than 157,000 trips through the hospital.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Henroid said no one in the hospital has lost a job to the robots. UCSF was in the midst of a hiring spree for the new hospital, and the Tugs allowed him to hire about 30 fewer workers than he would have otherwise.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>He added that the robots are really just carting things from one point to another, something most humans would not find particularly rewarding. “The Tug has a job to do, and it’s sort of a thankless job. So, I think, better to have a robot doing it, perhaps, than a human.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But not everyone in the hospital is such a big fan of the Tugs.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“I think they’re helpful. I think they’re also kind of a pain,” said Mardi Thompson, a nurse in the neonatal intensive care unit. “I’ve seen them run into computers; I’ve seen them run into glass doors; I’ve seen them run into each other.” Sometimes, she said, two Tugs get stuck near the nurses’ station, each one waiting for the other to pass. The nurses call that a “Tug of war.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>She says over the past year, the robots have gotten better. But for Thompson, there’s still the issue of jobs.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Definitely there are jobs lost, which is kind of interesting to me because with the economy the way it is, you’d think people need jobs. And then we have these robots doing them,” said Thompson.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_121045\" class=\"wp-caption alignright\" style=\"max-width: 370px\">\u003cimg class=\"size-full wp-image-121045\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/futureofyou/wp-content/uploads/sites/13/2016/03/tug-3.jpg\" alt=\"The UCSF Benioff Children’s Hospital in San Francisco, Calif., is experimenting with different types of skins on the tugs. (Heidi de Marco/KHN)\" width=\"370\" height=\"554\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">The UCSF Benioff Children’s Hospital in San Francisco, Calif., is experimenting with different types of skins on the tugs. (Heidi de Marco/KHN) \u003ccite>(Heidi de Marco/KHN)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Overall, the Tug program has cost UCSF about $6 million, including the changes required to hospital infrastructure to accommodate the robots. But Henroid said they have still saved the hospital money. “The cost of transporting materials and supplies waste is an overhead cost. So the more you can do you that efficiently, the less cost you have,” he explained.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>About 120 hospitals throughout the U.S. are using Tugs, according to manufacturer \u003ca href=\"http://www.aethon.com/\" target=\"_blank\">Aethon\u003c/a> in Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>For some departments, such as the bustling hospital kitchen where the Tugs pick up carts loaded with trays of food and drop off dirty dishes, employees have eagerly adopted their automated co-workers. “In nutrition food services, we named all of ours for fruit — so we have Apple, Pear, Blueberry, Orange and Grape,” explained Henroid.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The Tugs are kind of cute, but also a little unnerving, as they shuttle past other hospital workers like they own the joint. Each one is carefully programmed to stay out of the way, said Henroid, but sometimes it feels as if one could mow down a bystander.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In a moment of bravery, a visitor decided to step in a Tug’s path. It headed straight for her, but stopped suddenly a safe distance away.\u003c/p>\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003cspan class='utils-parseShortcode-shortcodes-__youtubeShortcode__embedYoutube'>\n \u003cspan class='utils-parseShortcode-shortcodes-__youtubeShortcode__embedYoutubeInside'>\n \u003ciframe\n loading='lazy'\n class='utils-parseShortcode-shortcodes-__youtubeShortcode__youtubePlayer'\n type='text/html'\n src='//www.youtube.com/embed/REEzJfGRaZE'\n title='//www.youtube.com/embed/REEzJfGRaZE'\n allowfullscreen='true'\n style='border:0;'>\u003c/iframe>\n \u003c/span>\n \u003c/span>\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003cp>Henroid seemed pleased: “You have faith! See, it stopped 2 feet away from you. You thought it was gonna run into you.” The Tugs have sensors along their base that can tell if anything is in their way.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The robots have very little contact with patients. They mostly stay in the hallways or nurses’ stations, where human workers pick up their goods and deliver them to patients in person. When the kids in the children’s hospital catch a glance, however, it’s quite a scene.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Medical-surgical unit coordinator Michael Eckenrode pointed out a half dozen plastic toy vehicles nearby, including a cab and a bike.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The children like to climb aboard and ride them around the unit. “When the robots come the kids start screaming ‘Robots’ and they follow them down the hall. And it goes down around the corner and opens the elevator and gets on by itself. So that’s like a magic thing for them,” said Eckenrode.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Rogelio Diaz-Ramirez, an adorable three-year-old, was in the hospital with a lung infection, but he couldn’t stop smiling at just the thought of seeing a robot for the first time.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“We’re going to search for a robot!” said nurse Sonia Salinas in Spanish, as she took Rogelio’s hand and led him through the hallway.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Salinas spotted a Tug coming down the corridor. “Robot! Come on! Run, Run!” she told Rogelio.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>When he caught up, Rogelio looked awestruck. Salinas showed him how to press the big green and red buttons on top that make the Tug go and stop. Until it’s time for the Tug to attend to its next assignment.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Say Goodbye. Goodbye, Tuggy!” she told him. “Adios!” said Rogelio with a wave.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>This story was produced in collaboration with APM’s \u003ca href=\"http://www.marketplace.org/\" target=\"_blank\">Marketplace\u003c/a>.\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cem> “This story was produced by \u003ca href=\"http://khn.org/\">Kaiser Health News\u003c/a>, which publishes California Healthline, a service of the California Health Care Foundation.”\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>",
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"content": "\u003cp>The Cleveland Clinic \u003ca href=\"http://my.clevelandclinic.org/about-cleveland-clinic/newsroom/releases-videos-newsletters/2016-2-25-cleveland-clinic-performs-nations-first-uterus-transplant\">says it has performed\u003c/a> the first uterus transplant in the United States.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>This opens up another possible path to parenthood besides surrogacy or adoption for U.S. women who do not have a uterus, or who have a uterus that does not function.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The transplant happened during a nine-hour-long surgery on a 26-year-old patient, who the clinic did not identify. The clinic says the patient is in stable condition and that the transplanted uterus came from a deceased donor.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The is a major step in the \u003ca href=\"http://health.clevelandclinic.org/2016/02/uterus-transplant-know-facts-infographic/\">clinic's transplant study\u003c/a> for women with Uterine Factor Infertility or UFI, meaning \"they were born without a uterus, have lost their uterus, or have a uterus that no longer functions.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>This is how the process goes from here, according \u003ca href=\"http://health.clevelandclinic.org/2016/02/uterus-transplant-know-facts-infographic/\">to general information released by the clinic about their trial:\u003c/a> They expect the transplanted uterus to take approximately one year to heal. Then, doctors will implant embryos one-by-one that were created using in vitro fertilization before the uterus transplant. The patient will be taking anti-rejection drugs throughout pregnancy.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>And the clinic says it intends for uterus transplants to be temporary in order to \"reduce long-term exposure to the medications.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"After 1-2 healthy babies are born, the anti-rejection drugs are stopped ... the transplanted uterus is either removed or allowed to disintegrate,\" the hospital says.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In Sweden, a woman who had a uterus transplant \u003ca href=\"http://www.npr.org/sections/thetwo-way/2014/10/04/353691555/a-first-uterus-transplant-gives-parents-a-healthy-baby\">successfully gave birth for the first time in 2014\u003c/a>. Since then, at least three other babies have been born in Sweden to mothers who have undergone the procedure, according to the Cleveland Clinic.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Some medical professionals have their doubts about whether this procedure is the best use of resources. Dr. Michael Green of Massachusetts General Hospital \u003ca href=\"http://www.npr.org/sections/health-shots/2012/09/21/161503782/swedes-perform-pioneering-uterine-transplants-americans-not-far-behind\">told NPR in 2012\u003c/a> that he \"questions whether this kind of transplant is really necessary.\" Here's more:\u003c/p>\n\u003cblockquote>\u003cp>\"'Nobody needs a uterus to live, OK?' Green says. 'Nobody needs a hand or a face to live, in fairness. It's a quality-of-life issue. This is in that same category. So we've opened the door. We've stepped through it. And this is one of the next logical things that people might do.'\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>He wonders whether health care dollars should be spent on uterine transplants when a woman who lacks a uterus can turn to a surrogate mother to provide her with a child — if she can afford it, that is.\"\u003c/p>\u003c/blockquote>\n\u003cp>But surrogacy is not always an option, the Cleveland Clinic argued in information about their clinical trial: \"In the U.S., the surrogacy process can be legally complicated. In many other countries, surrogacy is highly restricted or even banned.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>For some candidates, it's simply about wanting to experience pregnancy. Here's what one 26-year-old woman who the Cleveland Clinic was screening as a possible candidate \u003ca href=\"http://www.nytimes.com/2016/02/26/health/uterus-transplant-cleveland-clinic.html?module=WatchingPortal®ion=c-column-middle-span-region&pgType=Homepage&action=click&mediaId=thumb_square&state=standard&contentPlacement=10&version=internal&contentCollection=www.nytimes.com&contentId=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.nytimes.com%2F2016%2F02%2F26%2Fhealth%2Futerus-transplant-cleveland-clinic.html&eventName=Watching-article-click\">told The New York Times in October:\u003c/a>\u003c/p>\n\u003cblockquote>\u003cp>\"I crave that experience ... I want the morning sickness, the backaches, the feet swelling. I want to feel the baby move. That is something I've wanted for as long as I can remember.\"\u003c/p>\u003c/blockquote>\n\u003cdiv class=\"fullattribution\">Copyright 2016 NPR. To see more, visit http://www.npr.org/.\u003cimg src=\"http://www.google-analytics.com/__utm.gif?utmac=UA-5828686-4&utmdt=Cleveland+Clinic+Performs+First+Successful+Uterus+Transplant+In+The+U.S.&utme=8(APIKey)9(MDAxOTAwOTE4MDEyMTkxMDAzNjczZDljZA004)\" alt=\"\">\u003c/div>\n\n",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>And the clinic says it intends for uterus transplants to be temporary in order to \"reduce long-term exposure to the medications.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"After 1-2 healthy babies are born, the anti-rejection drugs are stopped ... the transplanted uterus is either removed or allowed to disintegrate,\" the hospital says.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In Sweden, a woman who had a uterus transplant \u003ca href=\"http://www.npr.org/sections/thetwo-way/2014/10/04/353691555/a-first-uterus-transplant-gives-parents-a-healthy-baby\">successfully gave birth for the first time in 2014\u003c/a>. Since then, at least three other babies have been born in Sweden to mothers who have undergone the procedure, according to the Cleveland Clinic.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Some medical professionals have their doubts about whether this procedure is the best use of resources. Dr. Michael Green of Massachusetts General Hospital \u003ca href=\"http://www.npr.org/sections/health-shots/2012/09/21/161503782/swedes-perform-pioneering-uterine-transplants-americans-not-far-behind\">told NPR in 2012\u003c/a> that he \"questions whether this kind of transplant is really necessary.\" Here's more:\u003c/p>\n\u003cblockquote>\u003cp>\"'Nobody needs a uterus to live, OK?' Green says. 'Nobody needs a hand or a face to live, in fairness. It's a quality-of-life issue. This is in that same category. So we've opened the door. We've stepped through it. And this is one of the next logical things that people might do.'\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>He wonders whether health care dollars should be spent on uterine transplants when a woman who lacks a uterus can turn to a surrogate mother to provide her with a child — if she can afford it, that is.\"\u003c/p>\u003c/blockquote>\n\u003cp>But surrogacy is not always an option, the Cleveland Clinic argued in information about their clinical trial: \"In the U.S., the surrogacy process can be legally complicated. In many other countries, surrogacy is highly restricted or even banned.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>For some candidates, it's simply about wanting to experience pregnancy. Here's what one 26-year-old woman who the Cleveland Clinic was screening as a possible candidate \u003ca href=\"http://www.nytimes.com/2016/02/26/health/uterus-transplant-cleveland-clinic.html?module=WatchingPortal®ion=c-column-middle-span-region&pgType=Homepage&action=click&mediaId=thumb_square&state=standard&contentPlacement=10&version=internal&contentCollection=www.nytimes.com&contentId=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.nytimes.com%2F2016%2F02%2F26%2Fhealth%2Futerus-transplant-cleveland-clinic.html&eventName=Watching-article-click\">told The New York Times in October:\u003c/a>\u003c/p>\n\u003cblockquote>\u003cp>\"I crave that experience ... I want the morning sickness, the backaches, the feet swelling. I want to feel the baby move. That is something I've wanted for as long as I can remember.\"\u003c/p>\u003c/blockquote>\n\u003cdiv class=\"fullattribution\">Copyright 2016 NPR. To see more, visit http://www.npr.org/.\u003cimg src=\"http://www.google-analytics.com/__utm.gif?utmac=UA-5828686-4&utmdt=Cleveland+Clinic+Performs+First+Successful+Uterus+Transplant+In+The+U.S.&utme=8(APIKey)9(MDAxOTAwOTE4MDEyMTkxMDAzNjczZDljZA004)\" alt=\"\">\u003c/div>\n\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>",
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"info": "Possible is hosted by entrepreneur Reid Hoffman and writer Aria Finger. Together in Possible, Hoffman and Finger lead enlightening discussions about building a brighter collective future. The show features interviews with visionary guests like Trevor Noah, Sam Altman and Janette Sadik-Khan. Possible paints an optimistic portrait of the world we can create through science, policy, business, art and our shared humanity. It asks: What if everything goes right for once? How can we get there? Each episode also includes a short fiction story generated by advanced AI GPT-4, serving as a thought-provoking springboard to speculate how humanity could leverage technology for good.",
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