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"content": "\u003cp>What if you could predict whether you'd be overweight five years from now?\u003c/p>\n\u003caside class=\"“pullquote alignright\">Two factors played the biggest role in predicting childhood obesity: higher-than-average birth weight and the amount a baby had gained at six months.\u003c/aside>\n\u003cp>Adults face varying degrees of difficulty in avoiding a beer belly. But once a child becomes obese, he or she is likely to stay that way into adulthood, with an increased risk for hypertension, diabetes and metabolic disease.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>That's why UCSF has developed an algorithm it says can predict the likelihood a baby will be obese by age five.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Pediatrician \u003ca href=\"http://healthcare.utah.edu/fad/mddetail.php?physicianID=u6001564\" target=\"_blank\">Jacob Robson\u003c/a>, lead author of a \u003ca href=\"http://www.jpeds.com/pb/assets/raw/Health%20Advance/journals/ympd/8123_Robson.pdf\" target=\"_blank\">study on the algorithm\u003c/a> published in The Journal of Pediatrics Friday, \u003cspan style=\"font-size: 10.5pt;font-family: 'Arial','sans-serif'\">\u003cspan style=\"font-family: 'Arial','sans-serif'\">said \u003c/span>\u003c/span>age five was the focus of the research because that's the age children enter school and become more susceptible to making poor food choices, and because that was the data that was available.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Robson and UCSF epidemiologist \u003ca href=\"https://pediatrics.ucsf.edu/faculty/janet-wojcicki-phd-mph\" target=\"_blank\">Janet Wojcicki\u003c/a> recruited a high-risk demographic—pregnant Latina women and their children—and tracked them over five years.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Of the 166 children they followed, almost one-third were obese by age 5.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">\"Low-income minority groups are disproportionately impacted by obesity,\" says Wojcicki. \u003c/span>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">\"Disadvantaged groups have less access to care, and they’re often living in food deserts and may not have a great-built environment where they have opportunities for physical exercise.\"\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But Wojcicki added that a\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">ll groups in the U.S. are at risk for obesity. \u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">Approximately \u003ca href=\"http://www.cdc.gov/obesity/data/childhood.html\" target=\"_blank\">12.7 million children and adolescents are obese\u003c/a> in the U.S., according to the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. The CDC \u003ca href=\"http://www.cdc.gov/obesity/childhood/defining.html\" target=\"_blank\">defines obesity\u003c/a> in children and teens as a body mass index, or BMI, at or above the 95th percentile for their peers of the same age and sex.\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But now, Wojcicki and Robson say, their predictive model can lead to early intervention.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The team's algorithm scans electronic health records and analyzes 10 data points, like a mom's weight before pregnancy, a baby's birth weight and whether she's being breastfed—all information that is routinely collected.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Based on this data, the algorithm states the percentage that a child will likely be obese by age 5.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp class=\"p1\">\u003cspan class=\"s1\">Using the algorithm, researchers found that 94 percent of infants whose risk was ranked below the 25th percentile landed in the normal weight range by age five. In contrast, \u003cspan class=\"s1\">61 percent of those whose risk level was scored above the 75th\u003c/span>\u003cspan class=\"s1\"> percentile were obese by age five.\u003c/span>\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp class=\"p1\">Wojcicki and her team found two factors played the biggest role in predicting childhood obesity: higher-than-average birth weight and the amount a baby had gained six months after birth.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"Any super-accelerated weight gain is concerning,\" says Wojcick\u003cstrong>i.\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Wojcicki and Robson envision a system where doctors receive alerts on their phones if the algorithm detects an at-risk patient. Then they could inform the mother before her child reaches kindergarten.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The key is to start early.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"A lot of the apps people are working on in Silicon Valley are for targeting kids that are already overweight,\" says Wojcicki. She says by that time it may be too late.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">\"Most prevention efforts are not harmful,\" jokes Robson. \"Decreasing screen time, getting more exercise, eating healthy and targeting kids early could play big role.\"\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The researchers' next step is to test more mothers and their children to confirm the study's findings.\u003c/p>\n\n",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Of the 166 children they followed, almost one-third were obese by age 5.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">\"Low-income minority groups are disproportionately impacted by obesity,\" says Wojcicki. \u003c/span>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">\"Disadvantaged groups have less access to care, and they’re often living in food deserts and may not have a great-built environment where they have opportunities for physical exercise.\"\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But Wojcicki added that a\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">ll groups in the U.S. are at risk for obesity. \u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">Approximately \u003ca href=\"http://www.cdc.gov/obesity/data/childhood.html\" target=\"_blank\">12.7 million children and adolescents are obese\u003c/a> in the U.S., according to the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. The CDC \u003ca href=\"http://www.cdc.gov/obesity/childhood/defining.html\" target=\"_blank\">defines obesity\u003c/a> in children and teens as a body mass index, or BMI, at or above the 95th percentile for their peers of the same age and sex.\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But now, Wojcicki and Robson say, their predictive model can lead to early intervention.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The team's algorithm scans electronic health records and analyzes 10 data points, like a mom's weight before pregnancy, a baby's birth weight and whether she's being breastfed—all information that is routinely collected.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Based on this data, the algorithm states the percentage that a child will likely be obese by age 5.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp class=\"p1\">\u003cspan class=\"s1\">Using the algorithm, researchers found that 94 percent of infants whose risk was ranked below the 25th percentile landed in the normal weight range by age five. In contrast, \u003cspan class=\"s1\">61 percent of those whose risk level was scored above the 75th\u003c/span>\u003cspan class=\"s1\"> percentile were obese by age five.\u003c/span>\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp class=\"p1\">Wojcicki and her team found two factors played the biggest role in predicting childhood obesity: higher-than-average birth weight and the amount a baby had gained six months after birth.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"Any super-accelerated weight gain is concerning,\" says Wojcick\u003cstrong>i.\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Wojcicki and Robson envision a system where doctors receive alerts on their phones if the algorithm detects an at-risk patient. Then they could inform the mother before her child reaches kindergarten.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The key is to start early.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"A lot of the apps people are working on in Silicon Valley are for targeting kids that are already overweight,\" says Wojcicki. She says by that time it may be too late.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">\"Most prevention efforts are not harmful,\" jokes Robson. \"Decreasing screen time, getting more exercise, eating healthy and targeting kids early could play big role.\"\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The researchers' next step is to test more mothers and their children to confirm the study's findings.\u003c/p>\n\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>",
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"content": "\u003cp>The mouse slips, and the emergency room doctor clicks on the wrong number, ordering a medication dosage that’s far too large. Elsewhere, in another ER’s electronic health record, a patient’s name isn’t clearly displayed, so the nurse misses it and enters symptoms in the wrong person’s file.\u003c/p>\n\u003caside class=\"pullquote alignright\">The ER’s culture and pace can amplify the risks of human error. Stories of serious near misses are now common lore.\u003c/aside>\n\u003cp>These are easy mistakes to make. As ER doctors and nurses grapple with the transition to digitized record systems, they seem to happen more frequently.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“There are new categories of patient safety errors” in emergency rooms that didn’t exist before the push to use electronic record systems, said Raj Ratwani, who researches health care safety and is the scientific director for MedStar Health’s National Center for Human Factors in Healthcare in Washington, D.C.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Spurred by the 2009 stimulus package and the 2010 health reform law, the federal government has offered hospitals financial incentives to adopt electronic health records that, among other things, will add efficiency and reduce errors by linking physicians’ patient records, and coordinating and tracking how care is delivered across the health system. Hospitals that don’t meet those standards are hit with penalties.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But in ERs, where things often happen fast, this push is sometimes setting up a technology mismatch that creates challenges that aren’t necessarily as evident in other parts of the hospital.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Sneaker-clad doctors and nurses rush between patients, often juggling multiple cases. Verbal communication is key. Patients, even after being wheeled in by paramedics, can wait in a triage room for extended periods until a free nurse or physician comes to find out what’s wrong. It’s a different style of medicine, and one that’s often resulted in a distinct workflow.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>As a result, the electronic record programs in many ERs evolved independently of hospital-wide systems. Since those homegrown, emergency department record systems often aren’t compatible with the newer, comprehensive ones hospitals are buying, they’re being phased out. The new EHR models are in many ways more efficient, but they may require adjustments.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The way the systems are set up, it can actually predispose to higher error rates,” said Jesse Pines, who directs the Office for Clinical Practice Innovation at the George Washington University School of Medicine in Washington, D.C.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In 2013, Pines, with other members of the American College of Emergency Physicians, wrote a report finding mistakes in the ER — like ordering the wrong medications or, because of confusing computer displays, more easily missing key patient information — were common after the switch to these digital systems.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“A growing body of evidence suggests that many errors may be the result of poor design rather than user errors,” the report states. That “can have a profound influence” on patients.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“It’s certainly a patient safety concern,” said Jason Shapiro, an associate professor of emergency medicine at Mount Sinai, who chairs ACEP’s informatics committee and co-authored the report.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>There’s no research measuring how often these errors — like entering care instructions in the wrong patient file or missing instructions altogether — cause actual harm.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“We’ve got to figure out how we’re working with our electronic records, to make it part of the workflow,” said Nathan Spell, chief quality officer at Emory Hospital in Atlanta. Even when doctors have learned to use the record systems, missteps still occur.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The ER’s culture and pace, for instance, can amplify the risks of human error that stem from an already less user-friendly system. Think of the emergency physician who, reaching the end of a hectic 12-hour shift, looks for the record of a patient he just examined. He types in the man’s last name, clicks and writes medical instructions — not realizing that he’d accidentally pulled up the file of another patient with the same last name and similar age, who was admitted five minutes before.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>While misidentifying patients in this way was hardly an issue before EHRs, it’s “becoming quite prevalent,” in this more digital era, Ratwani said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Many systems, meanwhile, allow doctors to edit the record for only one patient at a time, said Zach Hettinger, who practices emergency medicine at MedStar Union Memorial Hospital in Baltimore. That makes it harder to keep track of things, he said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“You’re stuck with, ‘Do I cancel what I’m in the middle of and not complete that task? Or do I deal with the new task? Do I make a note somewhere — take scrap paper — or just remember it?’” said Hettinger, who’s also the medical director for the National Center for Human Factors in Healthcare and has researched how electronic records work in the ER.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>How does that scenario play out? A triage nurse who is attending to multiple patients at once might scribble each individual’s details on the back of a piece of paper — ducking away later to enter the information into the computer system. That can make it easier to confuse things, and leave the emergency room short a nurse.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Computer systems need to better account for that potential human error, said Shawna Perry, an associate professor of emergency medicine at the University of Florida College of Medicine-Jacksonville, who has worked in multiple hospitals.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Stories of such near misses in the ER are now common lore, she added. In one episode, an electronic record system’s poor design, which made the appropriate medication dosage difficult to read, led to an instruction for a nurse to give a child a sedative 10 times the correct amount. The patient was fine, Perry said, but the incident demonstrates how a clunky or counterintuitive record can be dangerous.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“It was a simple slip of a cursor,” she said, questioning why the system even allowed the drug to be available in that strength for a 44-pound child. “How did this software fail its users?”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“That’s not an unusual event,” Perry added. “I know of many other situations. All of us do, by word of mouth.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In fairness, electronic records have resolved many safety concerns, Pines said. They’ve rendered obsolete issues like misreading doctors’ handwriting. Accessing records is easier and faster, noted Dan Hampton, an emergency physician who works at Epic Systems, a major electronic health record vendor.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But because doctors don’t decide what a hospital buys, designs often emphasize what administrators or technology officials want, Pines said. To understand ERs, designers must spend time in them, Perry said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“It’s one thing to have a computer, and informaticists on your staff, or have a doctor come in and look at this [particular design feature],” said Robert Wachter, a patient safety expert and interim chair of the department of medicine at the University of California, San Francisco. “It doesn’t get into this issue of what does it look like to be using this system at 4 in the morning, when you have nine other patients and a trauma patient running into the ER, and your beeper’s going.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Manufacturers said doctor feedback is important and something they prioritize in their designs.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>For instance, Epic, based outside of Madison, Wisconsin, sends developers to hospitals to study their needs, Hampton said. “Making our software easy to use is one of our top priorities, along with quality of care and patient safety.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>At Cerner, another vendor from Kansas City, Misouri, doctors on advisory councils give feedback on the ER-specific system. Representatives visit emergency rooms to hear from physicians, said Leslie Lindsey, Cerner’s senior manager of emergency medicine.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But there’s room to improve, Lindsey added. To address oral communication, Cerner sells supplements, like a phone-like device meant to fix communication gaps with emergency medicine. But hospitals may not want to buy add-ons when they’ve already paid tens or even hundreds of millions of dollars for a record system.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Despite these concerns, Pines said, it’s early. With time, companies will address kinks, so that patient safety issues diminish.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad floatright]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Think about where we were even 30 years ago with cars. Cars are rapidly innovating to become safer and more efficient — and I think we can expect to see the same transformation in the electronic health record space,” Pines said. “Things are improving. And things will continue to improve.”\u003c/p>\n\n",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>The mouse slips, and the emergency room doctor clicks on the wrong number, ordering a medication dosage that’s far too large. Elsewhere, in another ER’s electronic health record, a patient’s name isn’t clearly displayed, so the nurse misses it and enters symptoms in the wrong person’s file.\u003c/p>\n\u003caside class=\"pullquote alignright\">The ER’s culture and pace can amplify the risks of human error. Stories of serious near misses are now common lore.\u003c/aside>\n\u003cp>These are easy mistakes to make. As ER doctors and nurses grapple with the transition to digitized record systems, they seem to happen more frequently.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“There are new categories of patient safety errors” in emergency rooms that didn’t exist before the push to use electronic record systems, said Raj Ratwani, who researches health care safety and is the scientific director for MedStar Health’s National Center for Human Factors in Healthcare in Washington, D.C.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Spurred by the 2009 stimulus package and the 2010 health reform law, the federal government has offered hospitals financial incentives to adopt electronic health records that, among other things, will add efficiency and reduce errors by linking physicians’ patient records, and coordinating and tracking how care is delivered across the health system. Hospitals that don’t meet those standards are hit with penalties.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But in ERs, where things often happen fast, this push is sometimes setting up a technology mismatch that creates challenges that aren’t necessarily as evident in other parts of the hospital.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Sneaker-clad doctors and nurses rush between patients, often juggling multiple cases. Verbal communication is key. Patients, even after being wheeled in by paramedics, can wait in a triage room for extended periods until a free nurse or physician comes to find out what’s wrong. It’s a different style of medicine, and one that’s often resulted in a distinct workflow.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>As a result, the electronic record programs in many ERs evolved independently of hospital-wide systems. Since those homegrown, emergency department record systems often aren’t compatible with the newer, comprehensive ones hospitals are buying, they’re being phased out. The new EHR models are in many ways more efficient, but they may require adjustments.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The way the systems are set up, it can actually predispose to higher error rates,” said Jesse Pines, who directs the Office for Clinical Practice Innovation at the George Washington University School of Medicine in Washington, D.C.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In 2013, Pines, with other members of the American College of Emergency Physicians, wrote a report finding mistakes in the ER — like ordering the wrong medications or, because of confusing computer displays, more easily missing key patient information — were common after the switch to these digital systems.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“A growing body of evidence suggests that many errors may be the result of poor design rather than user errors,” the report states. That “can have a profound influence” on patients.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“It’s certainly a patient safety concern,” said Jason Shapiro, an associate professor of emergency medicine at Mount Sinai, who chairs ACEP’s informatics committee and co-authored the report.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>There’s no research measuring how often these errors — like entering care instructions in the wrong patient file or missing instructions altogether — cause actual harm.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“We’ve got to figure out how we’re working with our electronic records, to make it part of the workflow,” said Nathan Spell, chief quality officer at Emory Hospital in Atlanta. Even when doctors have learned to use the record systems, missteps still occur.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The ER’s culture and pace, for instance, can amplify the risks of human error that stem from an already less user-friendly system. Think of the emergency physician who, reaching the end of a hectic 12-hour shift, looks for the record of a patient he just examined. He types in the man’s last name, clicks and writes medical instructions — not realizing that he’d accidentally pulled up the file of another patient with the same last name and similar age, who was admitted five minutes before.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>While misidentifying patients in this way was hardly an issue before EHRs, it’s “becoming quite prevalent,” in this more digital era, Ratwani said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Many systems, meanwhile, allow doctors to edit the record for only one patient at a time, said Zach Hettinger, who practices emergency medicine at MedStar Union Memorial Hospital in Baltimore. That makes it harder to keep track of things, he said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“You’re stuck with, ‘Do I cancel what I’m in the middle of and not complete that task? Or do I deal with the new task? Do I make a note somewhere — take scrap paper — or just remember it?’” said Hettinger, who’s also the medical director for the National Center for Human Factors in Healthcare and has researched how electronic records work in the ER.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>How does that scenario play out? A triage nurse who is attending to multiple patients at once might scribble each individual’s details on the back of a piece of paper — ducking away later to enter the information into the computer system. That can make it easier to confuse things, and leave the emergency room short a nurse.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Computer systems need to better account for that potential human error, said Shawna Perry, an associate professor of emergency medicine at the University of Florida College of Medicine-Jacksonville, who has worked in multiple hospitals.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Stories of such near misses in the ER are now common lore, she added. In one episode, an electronic record system’s poor design, which made the appropriate medication dosage difficult to read, led to an instruction for a nurse to give a child a sedative 10 times the correct amount. The patient was fine, Perry said, but the incident demonstrates how a clunky or counterintuitive record can be dangerous.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“It was a simple slip of a cursor,” she said, questioning why the system even allowed the drug to be available in that strength for a 44-pound child. “How did this software fail its users?”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“That’s not an unusual event,” Perry added. “I know of many other situations. All of us do, by word of mouth.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In fairness, electronic records have resolved many safety concerns, Pines said. They’ve rendered obsolete issues like misreading doctors’ handwriting. Accessing records is easier and faster, noted Dan Hampton, an emergency physician who works at Epic Systems, a major electronic health record vendor.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But because doctors don’t decide what a hospital buys, designs often emphasize what administrators or technology officials want, Pines said. To understand ERs, designers must spend time in them, Perry said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“It’s one thing to have a computer, and informaticists on your staff, or have a doctor come in and look at this [particular design feature],” said Robert Wachter, a patient safety expert and interim chair of the department of medicine at the University of California, San Francisco. “It doesn’t get into this issue of what does it look like to be using this system at 4 in the morning, when you have nine other patients and a trauma patient running into the ER, and your beeper’s going.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Manufacturers said doctor feedback is important and something they prioritize in their designs.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>For instance, Epic, based outside of Madison, Wisconsin, sends developers to hospitals to study their needs, Hampton said. “Making our software easy to use is one of our top priorities, along with quality of care and patient safety.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>At Cerner, another vendor from Kansas City, Misouri, doctors on advisory councils give feedback on the ER-specific system. Representatives visit emergency rooms to hear from physicians, said Leslie Lindsey, Cerner’s senior manager of emergency medicine.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But there’s room to improve, Lindsey added. To address oral communication, Cerner sells supplements, like a phone-like device meant to fix communication gaps with emergency medicine. But hospitals may not want to buy add-ons when they’ve already paid tens or even hundreds of millions of dollars for a record system.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Despite these concerns, Pines said, it’s early. With time, companies will address kinks, so that patient safety issues diminish.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cp>California’s health care industry is a data-security laggard, failing to sufficiently protect sensitive information stored on lost or stolen laptops, smartphones and flash drives, according to state Attorney General Kamala Harris.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>It’s not just personal records. Hackers have begun threatening the basic day-to-day functioning of hospitals and other health care facilities, made vivid by the Feb. 5 ransomware attack on Hollywood Presbyterian Medical Center in Los Angeles.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In that attack, hackers encrypted critical files on the center’s computer system and demanded $17,000 in ransom for the digital key to make them readable again.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In a controversial move, the hospital sent the unidentified hackers the money in a digital currency known as Bitcoin — tough, if not impossible, to trace. Critics said paying the ransom would only invite more attacks, but hospital executives, who noted employees had turned to pen and paper for record keeping, insisted they needed to get the center running again.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Now that organizations rely increasingly on the collection and use of personal information and criminals take advantage of security weaknesses to obtain and profit from that same information, it is more important than ever that all of us redouble our efforts to ensure that this data does not end up in the wrong hands,” Harris wrote the report, which covers reported data breaches across all industries in California from 2012 to 2015.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Over those years, the number of Californians whose personal records were breached through loss or theft grew from 2.6 million in 2012 to 24 million in 2015, whether at hospitals, insurers, retailers, financial institutions or other places where sensitive data is stores. Health care and insurers played a big role, though: That 24 million includes 10.4 million breached in a hack attack on health insurer Anthem, and 4.5 million in another attack on UCLA Health.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The health sector has improved its use of strong encryption on hardware devices, the report notes, and while those kind of breaches have declined, health care still is “lagging behind other sectors” in securing devices.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But cyberattacks on large databases are growing in all industry sectors, with far more personal records available than might be found on a smartphone.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Cybersecurity challenges in health care aren’t just confined to California — hospitals, insurers, doctors’ offices, pharmacies, and medical device manufacturers all face the possibility of data breaches. A security firm recently reported that its team was able to hack into patient monitors and medicine-delivery systems at hospitals in the Baltimore and Washington, D.C. region.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Health organizations face a unique challenge when it comes to shoring up their cybersecurity, said Dan McWhorter, vice president and chief intelligence strategist at Fire Eye, a cybersecurity firm based in Milpitas.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Health care providers and insurers keep on hand massive amounts of highly sensitive personal medical data as well as financial data. Breaching that data can result in serious violations of privacy, economic harm and even physical harm to patients, if treatment technology is compromised. These organizations need to protect that confidential information while simultaneously sharing it with other providers to coordinate patient care and payment, McWhorter said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Health care mergers that involve combining data among large companies have made data protection even more complicated, he said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Moreover, hospitals have many visitors, in contrast to other companies that can limit access only to employees. And they work with many “trusted third parties” such as insurers and medical device manufacturers, with online connections to their data, McWhorter said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>McWhorter said he was able to compromise the website of an infusion pump manufacturer, giving him potential access to 15 different medical organizations.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“There are industries that are more heavily targeted (by cybercriminals) than health care, but the impact (on people) is much, much greater,” McWhorter said. “What’s happening is that cyber-attacks are becoming a better way to do malicious things without risk, rather than running into a shopping center and shooting people.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>This story was produced by \u003ca href=\"http://khn.org/\">Kaiser Health News\u003c/a>, which publishes \u003ca href=\"http://californiahealthline.org/\" target=\"_blank\">California Healthline\u003c/a>, a service of the California Health Care Foundation.\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\n",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>California’s health care industry is a data-security laggard, failing to sufficiently protect sensitive information stored on lost or stolen laptops, smartphones and flash drives, according to state Attorney General Kamala Harris.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>It’s not just personal records. Hackers have begun threatening the basic day-to-day functioning of hospitals and other health care facilities, made vivid by the Feb. 5 ransomware attack on Hollywood Presbyterian Medical Center in Los Angeles.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In that attack, hackers encrypted critical files on the center’s computer system and demanded $17,000 in ransom for the digital key to make them readable again.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In a controversial move, the hospital sent the unidentified hackers the money in a digital currency known as Bitcoin — tough, if not impossible, to trace. Critics said paying the ransom would only invite more attacks, but hospital executives, who noted employees had turned to pen and paper for record keeping, insisted they needed to get the center running again.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Now that organizations rely increasingly on the collection and use of personal information and criminals take advantage of security weaknesses to obtain and profit from that same information, it is more important than ever that all of us redouble our efforts to ensure that this data does not end up in the wrong hands,” Harris wrote the report, which covers reported data breaches across all industries in California from 2012 to 2015.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Over those years, the number of Californians whose personal records were breached through loss or theft grew from 2.6 million in 2012 to 24 million in 2015, whether at hospitals, insurers, retailers, financial institutions or other places where sensitive data is stores. Health care and insurers played a big role, though: That 24 million includes 10.4 million breached in a hack attack on health insurer Anthem, and 4.5 million in another attack on UCLA Health.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The health sector has improved its use of strong encryption on hardware devices, the report notes, and while those kind of breaches have declined, health care still is “lagging behind other sectors” in securing devices.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But cyberattacks on large databases are growing in all industry sectors, with far more personal records available than might be found on a smartphone.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Cybersecurity challenges in health care aren’t just confined to California — hospitals, insurers, doctors’ offices, pharmacies, and medical device manufacturers all face the possibility of data breaches. A security firm recently reported that its team was able to hack into patient monitors and medicine-delivery systems at hospitals in the Baltimore and Washington, D.C. region.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Health organizations face a unique challenge when it comes to shoring up their cybersecurity, said Dan McWhorter, vice president and chief intelligence strategist at Fire Eye, a cybersecurity firm based in Milpitas.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Health care providers and insurers keep on hand massive amounts of highly sensitive personal medical data as well as financial data. Breaching that data can result in serious violations of privacy, economic harm and even physical harm to patients, if treatment technology is compromised. These organizations need to protect that confidential information while simultaneously sharing it with other providers to coordinate patient care and payment, McWhorter said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Health care mergers that involve combining data among large companies have made data protection even more complicated, he said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Moreover, hospitals have many visitors, in contrast to other companies that can limit access only to employees. And they work with many “trusted third parties” such as insurers and medical device manufacturers, with online connections to their data, McWhorter said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>McWhorter said he was able to compromise the website of an infusion pump manufacturer, giving him potential access to 15 different medical organizations.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“There are industries that are more heavily targeted (by cybercriminals) than health care, but the impact (on people) is much, much greater,” McWhorter said. “What’s happening is that cyber-attacks are becoming a better way to do malicious things without risk, rather than running into a shopping center and shooting people.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>This story was produced by \u003ca href=\"http://khn.org/\">Kaiser Health News\u003c/a>, which publishes \u003ca href=\"http://californiahealthline.org/\" target=\"_blank\">California Healthline\u003c/a>, a service of the California Health Care Foundation.\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>",
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"content": "\u003cp>Meet the \u003ca href=\"http://www.ucsfmissionbayhospitals.org/articles/high-tech-tug-robots-do-heavy-lifting-at-mission-bay.html\" target=\"_blank\">Tugs\u003c/a> — a team of 27 robots now zooming around the hallways of the new University of California-San Francisco hospital at Mission Bay. They look a bit like R2D2, dragging a platform around behind them. Instead of drones, think of them more as little flatbed trucks, ferrying carts of stuff around the vast hospital complex — food, linens, medications, medical waste and garbage. And they do it more efficiently than humans.\u003c/p>\n\u003caside class=\"“pullquote alignright\">Using TUG robots allowed UCSF to hire about 30 fewer workers during an expansion.\u003c/aside>\n\u003cp>“This one is going up to one of the floors. It’s carrying meals that were ordered in probably the last 20 minutes,” said Dan Henroid, who is in charge of this elite fleet, as he pointed to a robot motoring by him.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Henroid, who is also director of nutrition and food services for the USCF Medical Center, says each Tug travels about 35 miles each day. Over the past year, they have made more than 157,000 trips through the hospital.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Henroid said no one in the hospital has lost a job to the robots. UCSF was in the midst of a hiring spree for the new hospital, and the Tugs allowed him to hire about 30 fewer workers than he would have otherwise.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>He added that the robots are really just carting things from one point to another, something most humans would not find particularly rewarding. “The Tug has a job to do, and it’s sort of a thankless job. So, I think, better to have a robot doing it, perhaps, than a human.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But not everyone in the hospital is such a big fan of the Tugs.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“I think they’re helpful. I think they’re also kind of a pain,” said Mardi Thompson, a nurse in the neonatal intensive care unit. “I’ve seen them run into computers; I’ve seen them run into glass doors; I’ve seen them run into each other.” Sometimes, she said, two Tugs get stuck near the nurses’ station, each one waiting for the other to pass. The nurses call that a “Tug of war.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>She says over the past year, the robots have gotten better. But for Thompson, there’s still the issue of jobs.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Definitely there are jobs lost, which is kind of interesting to me because with the economy the way it is, you’d think people need jobs. And then we have these robots doing them,” said Thompson.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_121045\" class=\"wp-caption alignright\" style=\"max-width: 370px\">\u003cimg class=\"size-full wp-image-121045\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/futureofyou/wp-content/uploads/sites/13/2016/03/tug-3.jpg\" alt=\"The UCSF Benioff Children’s Hospital in San Francisco, Calif., is experimenting with different types of skins on the tugs. (Heidi de Marco/KHN)\" width=\"370\" height=\"554\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">The UCSF Benioff Children’s Hospital in San Francisco, Calif., is experimenting with different types of skins on the tugs. (Heidi de Marco/KHN) \u003ccite>(Heidi de Marco/KHN)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Overall, the Tug program has cost UCSF about $6 million, including the changes required to hospital infrastructure to accommodate the robots. But Henroid said they have still saved the hospital money. “The cost of transporting materials and supplies waste is an overhead cost. So the more you can do you that efficiently, the less cost you have,” he explained.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>About 120 hospitals throughout the U.S. are using Tugs, according to manufacturer \u003ca href=\"http://www.aethon.com/\" target=\"_blank\">Aethon\u003c/a> in Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>For some departments, such as the bustling hospital kitchen where the Tugs pick up carts loaded with trays of food and drop off dirty dishes, employees have eagerly adopted their automated co-workers. “In nutrition food services, we named all of ours for fruit — so we have Apple, Pear, Blueberry, Orange and Grape,” explained Henroid.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The Tugs are kind of cute, but also a little unnerving, as they shuttle past other hospital workers like they own the joint. Each one is carefully programmed to stay out of the way, said Henroid, but sometimes it feels as if one could mow down a bystander.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In a moment of bravery, a visitor decided to step in a Tug’s path. It headed straight for her, but stopped suddenly a safe distance away.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=REEzJfGRaZE\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Henroid seemed pleased: “You have faith! See, it stopped 2 feet away from you. You thought it was gonna run into you.” The Tugs have sensors along their base that can tell if anything is in their way.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The robots have very little contact with patients. They mostly stay in the hallways or nurses’ stations, where human workers pick up their goods and deliver them to patients in person. When the kids in the children’s hospital catch a glance, however, it’s quite a scene.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Medical-surgical unit coordinator Michael Eckenrode pointed out a half dozen plastic toy vehicles nearby, including a cab and a bike.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The children like to climb aboard and ride them around the unit. “When the robots come the kids start screaming ‘Robots’ and they follow them down the hall. And it goes down around the corner and opens the elevator and gets on by itself. So that’s like a magic thing for them,” said Eckenrode.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Rogelio Diaz-Ramirez, an adorable three-year-old, was in the hospital with a lung infection, but he couldn’t stop smiling at just the thought of seeing a robot for the first time.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“We’re going to search for a robot!” said nurse Sonia Salinas in Spanish, as she took Rogelio’s hand and led him through the hallway.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Salinas spotted a Tug coming down the corridor. “Robot! Come on! Run, Run!” she told Rogelio.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>When he caught up, Rogelio looked awestruck. Salinas showed him how to press the big green and red buttons on top that make the Tug go and stop. Until it’s time for the Tug to attend to its next assignment.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Say Goodbye. Goodbye, Tuggy!” she told him. “Adios!” said Rogelio with a wave.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>This story was produced in collaboration with APM’s \u003ca href=\"http://www.marketplace.org/\" target=\"_blank\">Marketplace\u003c/a>.\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cem> “This story was produced by \u003ca href=\"http://khn.org/\">Kaiser Health News\u003c/a>, which publishes California Healthline, a service of the California Health Care Foundation.”\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\n",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>Meet the \u003ca href=\"http://www.ucsfmissionbayhospitals.org/articles/high-tech-tug-robots-do-heavy-lifting-at-mission-bay.html\" target=\"_blank\">Tugs\u003c/a> — a team of 27 robots now zooming around the hallways of the new University of California-San Francisco hospital at Mission Bay. They look a bit like R2D2, dragging a platform around behind them. Instead of drones, think of them more as little flatbed trucks, ferrying carts of stuff around the vast hospital complex — food, linens, medications, medical waste and garbage. And they do it more efficiently than humans.\u003c/p>\n\u003caside class=\"“pullquote alignright\">Using TUG robots allowed UCSF to hire about 30 fewer workers during an expansion.\u003c/aside>\n\u003cp>“This one is going up to one of the floors. It’s carrying meals that were ordered in probably the last 20 minutes,” said Dan Henroid, who is in charge of this elite fleet, as he pointed to a robot motoring by him.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Henroid, who is also director of nutrition and food services for the USCF Medical Center, says each Tug travels about 35 miles each day. Over the past year, they have made more than 157,000 trips through the hospital.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Henroid said no one in the hospital has lost a job to the robots. UCSF was in the midst of a hiring spree for the new hospital, and the Tugs allowed him to hire about 30 fewer workers than he would have otherwise.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>He added that the robots are really just carting things from one point to another, something most humans would not find particularly rewarding. “The Tug has a job to do, and it’s sort of a thankless job. So, I think, better to have a robot doing it, perhaps, than a human.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But not everyone in the hospital is such a big fan of the Tugs.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“I think they’re helpful. I think they’re also kind of a pain,” said Mardi Thompson, a nurse in the neonatal intensive care unit. “I’ve seen them run into computers; I’ve seen them run into glass doors; I’ve seen them run into each other.” Sometimes, she said, two Tugs get stuck near the nurses’ station, each one waiting for the other to pass. The nurses call that a “Tug of war.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>She says over the past year, the robots have gotten better. But for Thompson, there’s still the issue of jobs.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Definitely there are jobs lost, which is kind of interesting to me because with the economy the way it is, you’d think people need jobs. And then we have these robots doing them,” said Thompson.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_121045\" class=\"wp-caption alignright\" style=\"max-width: 370px\">\u003cimg class=\"size-full wp-image-121045\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/futureofyou/wp-content/uploads/sites/13/2016/03/tug-3.jpg\" alt=\"The UCSF Benioff Children’s Hospital in San Francisco, Calif., is experimenting with different types of skins on the tugs. (Heidi de Marco/KHN)\" width=\"370\" height=\"554\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">The UCSF Benioff Children’s Hospital in San Francisco, Calif., is experimenting with different types of skins on the tugs. (Heidi de Marco/KHN) \u003ccite>(Heidi de Marco/KHN)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Overall, the Tug program has cost UCSF about $6 million, including the changes required to hospital infrastructure to accommodate the robots. But Henroid said they have still saved the hospital money. “The cost of transporting materials and supplies waste is an overhead cost. So the more you can do you that efficiently, the less cost you have,” he explained.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>About 120 hospitals throughout the U.S. are using Tugs, according to manufacturer \u003ca href=\"http://www.aethon.com/\" target=\"_blank\">Aethon\u003c/a> in Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>For some departments, such as the bustling hospital kitchen where the Tugs pick up carts loaded with trays of food and drop off dirty dishes, employees have eagerly adopted their automated co-workers. “In nutrition food services, we named all of ours for fruit — so we have Apple, Pear, Blueberry, Orange and Grape,” explained Henroid.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The Tugs are kind of cute, but also a little unnerving, as they shuttle past other hospital workers like they own the joint. Each one is carefully programmed to stay out of the way, said Henroid, but sometimes it feels as if one could mow down a bystander.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In a moment of bravery, a visitor decided to step in a Tug’s path. It headed straight for her, but stopped suddenly a safe distance away.\u003c/p>\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003cspan class='utils-parseShortcode-shortcodes-__youtubeShortcode__embedYoutube'>\n \u003cspan class='utils-parseShortcode-shortcodes-__youtubeShortcode__embedYoutubeInside'>\n \u003ciframe\n loading='lazy'\n class='utils-parseShortcode-shortcodes-__youtubeShortcode__youtubePlayer'\n type='text/html'\n src='//www.youtube.com/embed/REEzJfGRaZE'\n title='//www.youtube.com/embed/REEzJfGRaZE'\n allowfullscreen='true'\n style='border:0;'>\u003c/iframe>\n \u003c/span>\n \u003c/span>\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003cp>Henroid seemed pleased: “You have faith! See, it stopped 2 feet away from you. You thought it was gonna run into you.” The Tugs have sensors along their base that can tell if anything is in their way.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The robots have very little contact with patients. They mostly stay in the hallways or nurses’ stations, where human workers pick up their goods and deliver them to patients in person. When the kids in the children’s hospital catch a glance, however, it’s quite a scene.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Medical-surgical unit coordinator Michael Eckenrode pointed out a half dozen plastic toy vehicles nearby, including a cab and a bike.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The children like to climb aboard and ride them around the unit. “When the robots come the kids start screaming ‘Robots’ and they follow them down the hall. And it goes down around the corner and opens the elevator and gets on by itself. So that’s like a magic thing for them,” said Eckenrode.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Rogelio Diaz-Ramirez, an adorable three-year-old, was in the hospital with a lung infection, but he couldn’t stop smiling at just the thought of seeing a robot for the first time.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“We’re going to search for a robot!” said nurse Sonia Salinas in Spanish, as she took Rogelio’s hand and led him through the hallway.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Salinas spotted a Tug coming down the corridor. “Robot! Come on! Run, Run!” she told Rogelio.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>When he caught up, Rogelio looked awestruck. Salinas showed him how to press the big green and red buttons on top that make the Tug go and stop. Until it’s time for the Tug to attend to its next assignment.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Say Goodbye. 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"disqusTitle": "Live! on Your Phone: One Man's Colonoscopy",
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"content": "\u003cp>Back when the iPhone first became a gleam in Steve Jobs' eye, it's possible, but not probable, the ability to provide thousands of people with visual access to the inside of someone's colon was high on his functionality wish list.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Nevertheless, today the Mayo Clinic fulfilled yet another promise of the smartphone revolution, by live-streaming one man's colonoscopy on the mobile app Periscope. The patient was Lee Aase, director of the Mayo Clinic Social Media Network. The project was part of the Mayo Clinic's collaboration with the advocacy organization Fight Colorectal Cancer.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"Our previous promotions included live patient events, a music video and a social media campaign,\" Aase wrote before the procedure. \"As we discussed plans for our 2016 promotion, I received a reminder for my colonoscopy, so we decided to take this opportunity to demystify the process by live-streaming the procedure on Periscope.\" (The live colonoscopy, by the way, has already made inroads on \u003ca href=\"https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=zLAPQdlXgdU\" target=\"_blank\">national TV\u003c/a>.)\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>And live-stream they did. While the colonoscopy was being performed by one doctor, another answered questions from Periscope viewers, who numbered over 3,000. Aase was awake and on sedatives the entire time. The procedure did not find anything of concern.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>The video archive will be available until early Wednesday morning. \u003ca href=\"https://www.periscope.tv/MayoClinic/1DXxyzWyPWNKM\" target=\"_blank\">Click here\u003c/a> or on the photo below to watch\u003c/strong>. Anatomy fans -- not to mention the squeamish -- take note: You can see a scope's-eye view of the proceedings starting around 18 minutes in.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"https://www.periscope.tv/MayoClinic/1DXxyzWyPWNKM\">\u003cimg class=\"alignnone size-full wp-image-121201\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/futureofyou/wp-content/uploads/sites/13/2016/03/colonoscopy.jpg\" alt=\"colonoscopy\" width=\"1037\" height=\"603\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/13/2016/03/colonoscopy.jpg 1037w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/13/2016/03/colonoscopy-400x233.jpg 400w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/13/2016/03/colonoscopy-800x465.jpg 800w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/13/2016/03/colonoscopy-768x447.jpg 768w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/13/2016/03/colonoscopy-960x558.jpg 960w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 1037px) 100vw, 1037px\">\u003c/a>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>It should be noted that a 2013 \u003ca href=\"http://www.nytimes.com/2013/06/02/health/colonoscopies-explain-why-us-leads-the-world-in-health-expenditures.html?pagewanted=all\" target=\"_blank\">New York Times investigation\u003c/a> found colonoscopies were overprescribed and overpriced. KQED State of Health's PriceCheck last year found a \u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/stateofhealth/2015/05/27/pricecheck-how-much-does-a-colonoscopy-cost/\" target=\"_blank\">wide variation\u003c/a> in the cost of the procedure. The American Cancer Society recommends colorectal cancer screening for men and women at average risk, and there are multiple \u003ca href=\"http://fightcolorectalcancer.org/prevent-it/screening-options/#OptionsScreened\" target=\"_blank\">screening methods\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\n",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>Back when the iPhone first became a gleam in Steve Jobs' eye, it's possible, but not probable, the ability to provide thousands of people with visual access to the inside of someone's colon was high on his functionality wish list.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Nevertheless, today the Mayo Clinic fulfilled yet another promise of the smartphone revolution, by live-streaming one man's colonoscopy on the mobile app Periscope. The patient was Lee Aase, director of the Mayo Clinic Social Media Network. The project was part of the Mayo Clinic's collaboration with the advocacy organization Fight Colorectal Cancer.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"Our previous promotions included live patient events, a music video and a social media campaign,\" Aase wrote before the procedure. \"As we discussed plans for our 2016 promotion, I received a reminder for my colonoscopy, so we decided to take this opportunity to demystify the process by live-streaming the procedure on Periscope.\" (The live colonoscopy, by the way, has already made inroads on \u003ca href=\"https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=zLAPQdlXgdU\" target=\"_blank\">national TV\u003c/a>.)\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>And live-stream they did. While the colonoscopy was being performed by one doctor, another answered questions from Periscope viewers, who numbered over 3,000. Aase was awake and on sedatives the entire time. The procedure did not find anything of concern.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>The video archive will be available until early Wednesday morning. \u003ca href=\"https://www.periscope.tv/MayoClinic/1DXxyzWyPWNKM\" target=\"_blank\">Click here\u003c/a> or on the photo below to watch\u003c/strong>. Anatomy fans -- not to mention the squeamish -- take note: You can see a scope's-eye view of the proceedings starting around 18 minutes in.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"https://www.periscope.tv/MayoClinic/1DXxyzWyPWNKM\">\u003cimg class=\"alignnone size-full wp-image-121201\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/futureofyou/wp-content/uploads/sites/13/2016/03/colonoscopy.jpg\" alt=\"colonoscopy\" width=\"1037\" height=\"603\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/13/2016/03/colonoscopy.jpg 1037w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/13/2016/03/colonoscopy-400x233.jpg 400w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/13/2016/03/colonoscopy-800x465.jpg 800w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/13/2016/03/colonoscopy-768x447.jpg 768w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/13/2016/03/colonoscopy-960x558.jpg 960w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 1037px) 100vw, 1037px\">\u003c/a>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>It should be noted that a 2013 \u003ca href=\"http://www.nytimes.com/2013/06/02/health/colonoscopies-explain-why-us-leads-the-world-in-health-expenditures.html?pagewanted=all\" target=\"_blank\">New York Times investigation\u003c/a> found colonoscopies were overprescribed and overpriced. KQED State of Health's PriceCheck last year found a \u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/stateofhealth/2015/05/27/pricecheck-how-much-does-a-colonoscopy-cost/\" target=\"_blank\">wide variation\u003c/a> in the cost of the procedure. The American Cancer Society recommends colorectal cancer screening for men and women at average risk, and there are multiple \u003ca href=\"http://fightcolorectalcancer.org/prevent-it/screening-options/#OptionsScreened\" target=\"_blank\">screening methods\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>",
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"disqusTitle": "How CRISPR Made it Onto 'The X-Files'",
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"content": "\u003cp>\"The X-Files\" revival has gotten some \u003ca href=\"http://www.nytimes.com/2016/01/27/arts/television/x-files-ratings-stay-strong.html\" target=\"_blank\">big ratings\u003c/a>. Clearly a lot of fans (if \u003ca href=\"http://variety.com/2016/tv/features/the-x-files-season-finale-review-my-struggle-ii-1201712181/\" target=\"_blank\">not\u003c/a> \u003ca href=\"http://www.vox.com/2016/2/24/11104426/the-x-files-finale-recap-bad\" target=\"_blank\">critics\u003c/a>) are over the moon at its return, as this Twitter search on \"\u003ca href=\"https://twitter.com/search?q=x-files%20best%20show%20ever&src=typd\" target=\"_blank\">X-Files Best Show Ever\u003c/a>\" will attest.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>As much as we'd love to jump on the bandwagon and cover the infiltration of alien DNA in our genome, the funding isn't quite there, yet. Luckily, the inclusion of CRISPR/Cas9 as a major plot point in the season finale Monday does give us a convenient excuse to get in on the action.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>CRISPR/Cas9, as we have been \u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/futureofyou/tag/crispr/\" target=\"_blank\">writing about\u003c/a>, is a cutting-edge gene-editing technique that has been heralded as a \u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/futureofyou/CRISPR%3A-What-You-Need-to-Know-About-the-Medical-Science-%27Breakthrough-of-the-Year%27\" target=\"_blank\">breakthrough technology\u003c/a>, inspiring \u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/futureofyou/2016/02/22/gene-editing-coming-to-a-kitchen-counter-near-you/\" target=\"_blank\">high expectations for\u003c/a> -- as well as \u003ca href=\"https://www.theguardian.com/science/2016/feb/12/rogue-scientists-could-exploit-gene-editing-technology-experts-warn\" target=\"_blank\">warnings about\u003c/a> -- potential uses.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_118123\" class=\"wp-caption alignright\" style=\"max-width: 338px\">\u003cimg class=\"wp-image-118123 size-medium\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/futureofyou/wp-content/uploads/sites/13/2017/02/duchovny-e1456426674504-338x600.jpg\" alt=\"X-Files science advisor Anne Simon and David Duchovny in Vancouver, August 2015.\" width=\"338\" height=\"600\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/13/2017/02/duchovny-e1456426674504-338x600.jpg 338w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/13/2017/02/duchovny-e1456426674504-400x711.jpg 400w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/13/2017/02/duchovny-e1456426674504-768x1365.jpg 768w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/13/2017/02/duchovny-e1456426674504-664x1180.jpg 664w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/13/2017/02/duchovny-e1456426674504-960x1707.jpg 960w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/13/2017/02/duchovny-e1456426674504.jpg 1080w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 338px) 100vw, 338px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">X-Files science advisor Anne Simon and David Duchovny in Vancouver, August 2015. \u003ccite>(Courtesy Anne Simon)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Anne Simon, a University of Maryland virologist who also happens to be a science advisor on \"The X-Files,\" has taken note. She co-wrote the finale's story, along with microbiologist Margaret Fearon and show creator Chris Carter. The plot involves humans who are stripped of their immune systems. This is accomplished via CRISPR/Cas9.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"He asked me to come up with something that would kill off everybody,\" she said of Carter Wednesday. \"That took a lot of thought. It had to be something simple enough to get across to the public. I began thinking if you just got rid of the \u003ca href=\"http://ghr.nlm.nih.gov/gene/ADA\" target=\"_blank\">ADA gene\u003c/a> -- I teach this -- you would not have an immune system. That’s the \u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/futureofyou/CRISPR%3A-What-You-Need-to-Know-About-the-Medical-Science-%27Breakthrough-of-the-Year%27\" target=\"_blank\">Boy in the Bubble syndrome\u003c/a>. The idea is that a long time ago [the aliens and human conspirators] must have put something in our genome that would get rid of the gene.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>(In the show, the mechanism for introducing alien DNA into the human genome is the smallpox vaccine, which \"doubtless made \u003ca href=\"http://www.pbs.org/wgbh/frontline/article/jenny-mccarthy-were-not-an-anti-vaccine-movement-were-pro-safe-vaccine/\" target=\"_blank\">Jenny McCarthy\u003c/a> the happiest 'X-Files' viewer of the night,\" \u003ca href=\"https://www.yahoo.com/tv/x-files-finale-review-ep-6-my-struggle-141222649.html\" target=\"_blank\">wrote\u003c/a> a Yahoo! TV critic.)\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Simon said she and co-writer Fearon had to do a lot of explaining to Carter as to how CRISPR works.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>http://ww2.kqed.org/futureofyou/wp-content/uploads/sites/13/2016/02/CRISPR-is-Here.jpg\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"Between the two of us we’re trying to explain it to him on the phone and showing him YouTube videos and stuff, and he \u003cem>kind\u003c/em> of gets it.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>She said she looked at the script every day to check on the science. \"It really is accurate. I was happy at the end.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Accurate within the bounds of sci-fi/conspiracy theory, of course. Simon said she suggested the story have the mass gene deletion triggered by the increase in CO2 -- global warming. But Carter opted to make the triggering mechanism ... \u003ca href=\"http://thevane.gawker.com/why-i-write-about-and-debunk-the-chemtrail-conspiracy-1581896346\" target=\"_blank\">chemtrails\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"Chris wanted to use chemtrails, which is \u003ca href=\"http://thevane.gawker.com/why-i-write-about-and-debunk-the-chemtrail-conspiracy-1581896346\" target=\"_blank\">big in conspiracy theories\u003c/a>. I don’t even know what it is,\" Simon said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>She first connected with Carter, back in the day, through a family connection. \"He needed to talk to a biologist. I thought, 'We'll get the microscopes right.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>At one point, Carter named a character after Simon, but her fictional self was short-lived. \"I had visions of her being Scully and Mulder’s partner, and helping them solve cases scientifically. And then I get killed off. \"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>She thinks the character of Dana Scully has been great for encouraging female scientists.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"She has been a wonderful draw for young people. I hear from so many people over Twitter who say they went into science because of 'The X-Files.'\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Whether the show comes back for more episodes is still an open question. But the signs are \u003ca href=\"http://www.ew.com/article/2016/01/29/x-files-ratings\" target=\"_blank\">encouraging\u003c/a>. FOX, no doubt, is suggesting we all stay tuned.\u003c/p>\n\n",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>\"The X-Files\" revival has gotten some \u003ca href=\"http://www.nytimes.com/2016/01/27/arts/television/x-files-ratings-stay-strong.html\" target=\"_blank\">big ratings\u003c/a>. Clearly a lot of fans (if \u003ca href=\"http://variety.com/2016/tv/features/the-x-files-season-finale-review-my-struggle-ii-1201712181/\" target=\"_blank\">not\u003c/a> \u003ca href=\"http://www.vox.com/2016/2/24/11104426/the-x-files-finale-recap-bad\" target=\"_blank\">critics\u003c/a>) are over the moon at its return, as this Twitter search on \"\u003ca href=\"https://twitter.com/search?q=x-files%20best%20show%20ever&src=typd\" target=\"_blank\">X-Files Best Show Ever\u003c/a>\" will attest.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>As much as we'd love to jump on the bandwagon and cover the infiltration of alien DNA in our genome, the funding isn't quite there, yet. Luckily, the inclusion of CRISPR/Cas9 as a major plot point in the season finale Monday does give us a convenient excuse to get in on the action.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>CRISPR/Cas9, as we have been \u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/futureofyou/tag/crispr/\" target=\"_blank\">writing about\u003c/a>, is a cutting-edge gene-editing technique that has been heralded as a \u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/futureofyou/CRISPR%3A-What-You-Need-to-Know-About-the-Medical-Science-%27Breakthrough-of-the-Year%27\" target=\"_blank\">breakthrough technology\u003c/a>, inspiring \u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/futureofyou/2016/02/22/gene-editing-coming-to-a-kitchen-counter-near-you/\" target=\"_blank\">high expectations for\u003c/a> -- as well as \u003ca href=\"https://www.theguardian.com/science/2016/feb/12/rogue-scientists-could-exploit-gene-editing-technology-experts-warn\" target=\"_blank\">warnings about\u003c/a> -- potential uses.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_118123\" class=\"wp-caption alignright\" style=\"max-width: 338px\">\u003cimg class=\"wp-image-118123 size-medium\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/futureofyou/wp-content/uploads/sites/13/2017/02/duchovny-e1456426674504-338x600.jpg\" alt=\"X-Files science advisor Anne Simon and David Duchovny in Vancouver, August 2015.\" width=\"338\" height=\"600\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/13/2017/02/duchovny-e1456426674504-338x600.jpg 338w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/13/2017/02/duchovny-e1456426674504-400x711.jpg 400w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/13/2017/02/duchovny-e1456426674504-768x1365.jpg 768w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/13/2017/02/duchovny-e1456426674504-664x1180.jpg 664w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/13/2017/02/duchovny-e1456426674504-960x1707.jpg 960w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/13/2017/02/duchovny-e1456426674504.jpg 1080w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 338px) 100vw, 338px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">X-Files science advisor Anne Simon and David Duchovny in Vancouver, August 2015. \u003ccite>(Courtesy Anne Simon)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Anne Simon, a University of Maryland virologist who also happens to be a science advisor on \"The X-Files,\" has taken note. She co-wrote the finale's story, along with microbiologist Margaret Fearon and show creator Chris Carter. The plot involves humans who are stripped of their immune systems. This is accomplished via CRISPR/Cas9.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"He asked me to come up with something that would kill off everybody,\" she said of Carter Wednesday. \"That took a lot of thought. It had to be something simple enough to get across to the public. I began thinking if you just got rid of the \u003ca href=\"http://ghr.nlm.nih.gov/gene/ADA\" target=\"_blank\">ADA gene\u003c/a> -- I teach this -- you would not have an immune system. That’s the \u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/futureofyou/CRISPR%3A-What-You-Need-to-Know-About-the-Medical-Science-%27Breakthrough-of-the-Year%27\" target=\"_blank\">Boy in the Bubble syndrome\u003c/a>. The idea is that a long time ago [the aliens and human conspirators] must have put something in our genome that would get rid of the gene.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>(In the show, the mechanism for introducing alien DNA into the human genome is the smallpox vaccine, which \"doubtless made \u003ca href=\"http://www.pbs.org/wgbh/frontline/article/jenny-mccarthy-were-not-an-anti-vaccine-movement-were-pro-safe-vaccine/\" target=\"_blank\">Jenny McCarthy\u003c/a> the happiest 'X-Files' viewer of the night,\" \u003ca href=\"https://www.yahoo.com/tv/x-files-finale-review-ep-6-my-struggle-141222649.html\" target=\"_blank\">wrote\u003c/a> a Yahoo! TV critic.)\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Simon said she and co-writer Fearon had to do a lot of explaining to Carter as to how CRISPR works.\u003c/p>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>\"Between the two of us we’re trying to explain it to him on the phone and showing him YouTube videos and stuff, and he \u003cem>kind\u003c/em> of gets it.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>She said she looked at the script every day to check on the science. \"It really is accurate. I was happy at the end.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Accurate within the bounds of sci-fi/conspiracy theory, of course. Simon said she suggested the story have the mass gene deletion triggered by the increase in CO2 -- global warming. But Carter opted to make the triggering mechanism ... \u003ca href=\"http://thevane.gawker.com/why-i-write-about-and-debunk-the-chemtrail-conspiracy-1581896346\" target=\"_blank\">chemtrails\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"Chris wanted to use chemtrails, which is \u003ca href=\"http://thevane.gawker.com/why-i-write-about-and-debunk-the-chemtrail-conspiracy-1581896346\" target=\"_blank\">big in conspiracy theories\u003c/a>. I don’t even know what it is,\" Simon said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>She first connected with Carter, back in the day, through a family connection. \"He needed to talk to a biologist. I thought, 'We'll get the microscopes right.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>At one point, Carter named a character after Simon, but her fictional self was short-lived. \"I had visions of her being Scully and Mulder’s partner, and helping them solve cases scientifically. And then I get killed off. \"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>She thinks the character of Dana Scully has been great for encouraging female scientists.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"She has been a wonderful draw for young people. I hear from so many people over Twitter who say they went into science because of 'The X-Files.'\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Whether the show comes back for more episodes is still an open question. But the signs are \u003ca href=\"http://www.ew.com/article/2016/01/29/x-files-ratings\" target=\"_blank\">encouraging\u003c/a>. FOX, no doubt, is suggesting we all stay tuned.\u003c/p>\n\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>",
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"disqusTitle": "Do We Need Another Steve Jobs to Fix Health Care?",
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"content": "\u003cp>Yes, says one founder of a digital health company, on the birthday of the man who could eventually replace someone on Mount Rushmore if this \u003ca href=\"https://www.google.com/search?q=steve+jobs+hero+worship\" target=\"_blank\">hero worship\u003c/a> keeps up. (With a little creative chiseling and some black paint for the mock turtle, we're looking at you, \u003ca href=\"https://adventuresofacouchsurfer.files.wordpress.com/2011/08/img_8363-jefferson.jpg\" target=\"_blank\">Thomas Jefferson\u003c/a>.)\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Dr. Damon Ramsey, in today's STAT, takes a potshot or two at the contemporary health care industry. He writes:\u003c/p>\n\u003cblockquote>\u003cp>\"With its labyrinths of regulation deeply entrenched and antiquated information systems, and monopolies built upon thrones of indifference to the consumer experience, the health care industry has chained itself to archaic and inefficient processes while resisting its own rescue.\"\u003c/p>\u003c/blockquote>\n\u003cp>Only Jobsian disruption can fix this beast, Ramsey concludes.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Of course, not all disruptors are created equal, one might keep in mind. In 2014, Theranos founder Elizabeth Holmes enjoyed the imprimatur of a\u003ca href=\"http://www.newyorker.com/magazine/2014/12/15/blood-simpler\" target=\"_blank\"> flattering profile\u003c/a> in The New Yorker. A year later, one tech \u003ca href=\"http://www.theverge.com/2015/12/29/10642070/2015-theranos-venture-capital-tech-bubble-disruption\" target=\"_blank\">headline\u003c/a> dubbed the company's secret blood-testing technology \"pseudoscience.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>You can read Ramsey's commentary at STAT, below.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>http://www.statnews.com/2016/02/24/steve-jobs-health-care/\u003c/p>\n\n",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>Yes, says one founder of a digital health company, on the birthday of the man who could eventually replace someone on Mount Rushmore if this \u003ca href=\"https://www.google.com/search?q=steve+jobs+hero+worship\" target=\"_blank\">hero worship\u003c/a> keeps up. (With a little creative chiseling and some black paint for the mock turtle, we're looking at you, \u003ca href=\"https://adventuresofacouchsurfer.files.wordpress.com/2011/08/img_8363-jefferson.jpg\" target=\"_blank\">Thomas Jefferson\u003c/a>.)\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Dr. Damon Ramsey, in today's STAT, takes a potshot or two at the contemporary health care industry. He writes:\u003c/p>\n\u003cblockquote>\u003cp>\"With its labyrinths of regulation deeply entrenched and antiquated information systems, and monopolies built upon thrones of indifference to the consumer experience, the health care industry has chained itself to archaic and inefficient processes while resisting its own rescue.\"\u003c/p>\u003c/blockquote>\n\u003cp>Only Jobsian disruption can fix this beast, Ramsey concludes.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Of course, not all disruptors are created equal, one might keep in mind. In 2014, Theranos founder Elizabeth Holmes enjoyed the imprimatur of a\u003ca href=\"http://www.newyorker.com/magazine/2014/12/15/blood-simpler\" target=\"_blank\"> flattering profile\u003c/a> in The New Yorker. A year later, one tech \u003ca href=\"http://www.theverge.com/2015/12/29/10642070/2015-theranos-venture-capital-tech-bubble-disruption\" target=\"_blank\">headline\u003c/a> dubbed the company's secret blood-testing technology \"pseudoscience.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>You can read Ramsey's commentary at STAT, below.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cp>In a study powered by the labor of medical students, my colleagues and I found that two-thirds of clinical trials led by scientists at our finest academic institutions didn't share their results publicly within two years of the study's completion.\u003c/p>\n\u003caside class=\"pullquote alignright\">\"Not reporting results violates the basic principle of the scientific method. It hurts patients, society and science. It also dishonors the people who gave their consent and bore the risk of participating in the studies.\"\u003c/aside>\n\u003cp>Moreover, none of these research institutions has a good record of sharing results. Many are much worse than the average.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>For all the focus on the need to speed up science for cures, we have a bottleneck at our nation's bastions of research excellence. Too many times, study results are neither reported on the government website dedicated to that purpose, \u003ca href=\"https://clinicaltrials.gov/\">clinicaltrials.gov\u003c/a>, nor published in a medical journal.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Our findings were \u003ca href=\"http://www.bmj.com/content/352/bmj.i637\">published\u003c/a> Wednesday in \u003cem>The BMJ,\u003c/em> formerly the British Medical Journal.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The failure to share results is so pervasive that it seems inappropriate to blame individuals. Instead, it is a systemic problem. Academic medicine has fostered a culture in which the sharing of our results is considered discretionary, rather than mandatory. And if researchers decide to pass on sharing, there is no consequence to them.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Not reporting results violates the basic principle of the \u003ca href=\"http://scienceinvestigators.wikispaces.com/The+Scientific+Method\">scientific method\u003c/a>. It hurts patients, society and science. It also dishonors the people who gave their consent and bore the risk of participating in the studies. Who would agree to be in a study with the knowledge that the results wouldn't be shared?\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>It seems a fair assumption that these studies were worth doing and were designed to generate meaningful information. Academics at leading universities led these studies. Human studies oversight boards at these institutions approved these studies. Given all that, the holding back of the results impedes progress toward scientific breakthroughs, corrupts the medical literature and wastes research funding.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>I am a \u003ca href=\"http://www.bmj.com/content/350/bmj.h599.long\">strong advocate for data sharing and open science\u003c/a>. I believe that scientists share data in the spirit of advancing knowledge. But those goals are a step beyond what we are talking about here: simply sharing the results of the research.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Some people are intent on finding the underlying factors within the culture that has produced this behavior. I have heard people say that they aren't eager to publish results that seem weak or counter to what they believe. Some claim that other responsibilities occupied their time or that they ran out of research funds in the final stages.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>I must admit that I don't care. I don't want to study this problem further. I just want to see it fixed.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Posting results on clinicaltrials.gov, the government website, could be done in less than an hour. Publishing the results, with or without peer review, could be done if people are determined to do it. Sharing the results is just not that hard and should not be considered optional.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The problem isn't new. I first encountered the selective sharing of research findings during my work as an expert for plaintiffs in the Vioxx litigation 10 years ago and we subsequently published an \u003ca href=\"http://archinte.jamanetwork.com/article.aspx?articleid=1108579\">article\u003c/a> about it. Before that experience I never imagined that people would conduct human studies and not share results.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>To investigate this issue further, colleagues and I took a broader look at research and found that this wasn't a problem unique to industry, but was pervasive throughout medicine. In a \u003ca href=\"http://journals.plos.org/plosmedicine/article?id=10.1371/journal.pmed.1000144\">2009 study\u003c/a>, we were shocked to see that results of only about half of trials were published within four years of study completion.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Our first reaction was that we couldn't be right. We pored over our results to be sure they were true. We published them with trepidation because despite repeated checks, we still thought that someone would find an error. How could it be so bad?\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>And yet, our conclusions were true and \u003ca href=\"http://annals.org/article.aspx?articleid=745938\">others\u003c/a> soon replicated the findings.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>When we published \u003ca href=\"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22214755\">a study\u003c/a> that showed even results from studies funded by the National Institutes of Health commonly went unshared, our findings were met by disbelief at NIH until scientists there repeated the study and \u003ca href=\"http://www.nejm.org/doi/full/10.1056/NEJMsa1300237\">found the same thing\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>As these studies emerged, industry began to adopt \u003ca href=\"http://phrma.org/sites/default/files/pdf/PhRMAPrinciplesForResponsibleClinicalTrialDataSharing.pdf\">policies\u003c/a> to ensure reporting and publication. But not academic institutions.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>To zero in on this issue, the most recent study looks specifically at the performance of academic centers.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>I teach at Yale University and one of my students, Ray Chen (now a resident at the University of California, San Francisco), wanted to do a meaningful study as part of his degree. We began talking about researchers not sharing their results. We thought it would be useful to produce a national report card for the leading academic institutions. They are, after all, ultimately responsible for the studies conducted under their auspices.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>We didn't want to embarrass anyone, but we felt that maybe some stellar performers could help enlighten the others about how to improve.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>There was only one problem: It would take a lot of work. I mean, \u003cem>a lot\u003c/em> of work. There was no easy way to track down the information about study publications without going one by one and searching for them in many different ways.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Ray said that he thought he could recruit other medical students to help. They would have to spend hours tracking down whether studies led by people at the top academic institutions had shared results by reporting them on clinicaltrials.gov or publishing them.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The students persevered, knowing that they might be questioning the practices of the powerful. And they were dismayed by what they found.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>What should be done about the problem? If I were a funder of research and the recipient academic institution didn't share the results, I would ask for a refund. If I were representing the interests of study participants, I would ask for apologies and forbid future research until there was a plan for sharing all results.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>There's no excuse for not reporting all results within two years of finishing a study. And, I'd argue, the time should be much shorter. This is about taking science seriously and our commitment to move faster on behalf of patients and society.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>This is medical research. It is ultimately about providing practical benefit. We have a moral imperative to share what we learn. We need the systems in place that guarantee researchers adhere to the final step of the scientific method and share what they find.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In the end, it would be particularly sweet if it were the labor of medical students that led the established researchers to correct their ways.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad floatright]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>Harlan Krumholz is a cardiologist and the Harold H. Hines Jr. Professor of Medicine at Yale School of Medicine. He directs the Yale-New Haven Hospital Center for Outcomes Research and Evaluation and is a co-director of the Robert Wood Johnson Foundation Clinical Scholars Program.\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\u003cdiv class=\"fullattribution\">Copyright 2016 NPR. To see more, visit http://www.npr.org/.\u003cimg src=\"http://www.google-analytics.com/__utm.gif?utmac=UA-5828686-4&utmdt=Academic+Medical+Centers+Get+An+F+In+Sharing+Research+Results&utme=8(APIKey)9(MDAxOTAwOTE4MDEyMTkxMDAzNjczZDljZA004)\" alt=\"\">\u003c/div>\n\n",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>In a study powered by the labor of medical students, my colleagues and I found that two-thirds of clinical trials led by scientists at our finest academic institutions didn't share their results publicly within two years of the study's completion.\u003c/p>\n\u003caside class=\"pullquote alignright\">\"Not reporting results violates the basic principle of the scientific method. It hurts patients, society and science. It also dishonors the people who gave their consent and bore the risk of participating in the studies.\"\u003c/aside>\n\u003cp>Moreover, none of these research institutions has a good record of sharing results. Many are much worse than the average.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>For all the focus on the need to speed up science for cures, we have a bottleneck at our nation's bastions of research excellence. Too many times, study results are neither reported on the government website dedicated to that purpose, \u003ca href=\"https://clinicaltrials.gov/\">clinicaltrials.gov\u003c/a>, nor published in a medical journal.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Our findings were \u003ca href=\"http://www.bmj.com/content/352/bmj.i637\">published\u003c/a> Wednesday in \u003cem>The BMJ,\u003c/em> formerly the British Medical Journal.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The failure to share results is so pervasive that it seems inappropriate to blame individuals. Instead, it is a systemic problem. Academic medicine has fostered a culture in which the sharing of our results is considered discretionary, rather than mandatory. And if researchers decide to pass on sharing, there is no consequence to them.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Not reporting results violates the basic principle of the \u003ca href=\"http://scienceinvestigators.wikispaces.com/The+Scientific+Method\">scientific method\u003c/a>. It hurts patients, society and science. It also dishonors the people who gave their consent and bore the risk of participating in the studies. Who would agree to be in a study with the knowledge that the results wouldn't be shared?\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>It seems a fair assumption that these studies were worth doing and were designed to generate meaningful information. Academics at leading universities led these studies. Human studies oversight boards at these institutions approved these studies. Given all that, the holding back of the results impedes progress toward scientific breakthroughs, corrupts the medical literature and wastes research funding.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>I am a \u003ca href=\"http://www.bmj.com/content/350/bmj.h599.long\">strong advocate for data sharing and open science\u003c/a>. I believe that scientists share data in the spirit of advancing knowledge. But those goals are a step beyond what we are talking about here: simply sharing the results of the research.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Some people are intent on finding the underlying factors within the culture that has produced this behavior. I have heard people say that they aren't eager to publish results that seem weak or counter to what they believe. Some claim that other responsibilities occupied their time or that they ran out of research funds in the final stages.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>I must admit that I don't care. I don't want to study this problem further. 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"content": "\u003cp>Whither wearables? Well...\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Fitbit shares have \u003ca href=\"http://finance.yahoo.com/echarts?s=FIT+Interactive#%7B%22range%22:%226mo%22,%22allowChartStacking%22:true%7D\" target=\"_blank\">taken a spanking \u003c/a> and keep on tanking. Investors must have done some major panting today, weathering a \u003ca href=\"http://finance.yahoo.com/q?s=FIT\" target=\"_blank\">double-digit dip\u003c/a> due to diminished \u003ca href=\"http://blogs.barrons.com/techtraderdaily/2016/02/22/fitbit-cfo-blames-first-quarter-weakness-on-timing-the-confidence-is-very-high/?mod=yahoobarrons&ru=yahoo\" target=\"_blank\">first-quarter guidance\u003c/a>. And more bad press today from the \u003cstrong>\u003ca href=\"http://www.sfgate.com/business/article/Wearables-do-more-than-monitor-fitness-6844920.php\" target=\"_blank\">San Francisco Chronicle\u003c/a>\u003c/strong>: The paper reports the Fitbit Charge and other wearables have some 'splainin' to do when it comes to privacy, as the products can \"be used to surveil\" the wearer's movements. And what's worse for some of the major brands, \"Only the Apple Watch properly protected users against tracking,\" the Chron said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Read here ...\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>http://www.sfgate.com/business/article/Wearables-do-more-than-monitor-fitness-6844920.php\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>Whither wearables? Well...\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Fitbit shares have \u003ca href=\"http://finance.yahoo.com/echarts?s=FIT+Interactive#%7B%22range%22:%226mo%22,%22allowChartStacking%22:true%7D\" target=\"_blank\">taken a spanking \u003c/a> and keep on tanking. Investors must have done some major panting today, weathering a \u003ca href=\"http://finance.yahoo.com/q?s=FIT\" target=\"_blank\">double-digit dip\u003c/a> due to diminished \u003ca href=\"http://blogs.barrons.com/techtraderdaily/2016/02/22/fitbit-cfo-blames-first-quarter-weakness-on-timing-the-confidence-is-very-high/?mod=yahoobarrons&ru=yahoo\" target=\"_blank\">first-quarter guidance\u003c/a>. And more bad press today from the \u003cstrong>\u003ca href=\"http://www.sfgate.com/business/article/Wearables-do-more-than-monitor-fitness-6844920.php\" target=\"_blank\">San Francisco Chronicle\u003c/a>\u003c/strong>: The paper reports the Fitbit Charge and other wearables have some 'splainin' to do when it comes to privacy, as the products can \"be used to surveil\" the wearer's movements. And what's worse for some of the major brands, \"Only the Apple Watch properly protected users against tracking,\" the Chron said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Read here ...\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>http://www.sfgate.com/business/article/Wearables-do-more-than-monitor-fitness-6844920.php\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cp>A large Los Angeles hospital chose to pay hackers who were holding its computer network hostage, a move its CEO said was in its best interest and the most efficient way to end the problem.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Hollywood Presbyterian Medical Center showed uncommon transparency in saying Wednesday that it paid the 40 bitcoins — or about $17,000 — demanded when it fell victim to what's commonly called \"ransomware.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The hacking tactic is growing fast against both individuals and institutions, but it's difficult to say exactly how fast, and even tougher to say how many pay up.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"Unfortunately, a lot of companies don't tell anybody if they had fallen victim to ransomware and especially if they have paid the criminals,\" said Adam Kujawa, Head of Malware Intelligence for Malwarebytes, a San Jose-based company that recently released anti-ransomware software. \"I know from the experiences I hear about from various industry professionals that it's a pretty common practice to just hand over the cash.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Computer security experts normally recommend people not pay the ransom, though at times law enforcement agencies suggest they do, Kujawa said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The FBI said it is investigating the ransomware attack, but have provided no details beyond that.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>During 2013, the number of attacks each month rose from 100,000 in January to 600,000 in December, according to a 2014 report by Symantec, the maker of antivirus software.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>A report from Intel Corp.'s McAfee Labs released in November said the number of ransomware attacks is expected to grow even more in 2016 because of increased sophistication in the software used to do it. The company estimates that on average, 3 percent of users with infected machines pay a ransom.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The infiltration at Hollywood Presbyterian was first noticed on Feb. 5, CEO Allen Stefanek said in a statement. Its system was fully functioning again by Monday, 10 days later.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The hospital did not say whether anyone in law enforcement or the technology business had recommended it pay off the hackers and quickly obtain the digital key used to be able to access its data again.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"The quickest and most efficient way to restore our systems and administrative functions was to pay the ransom and obtain the decryption key,\" Stefanek said. \"In the best interest of restoring normal operations, we did this.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Neither law enforcement nor the hospital gave any indication of who might have been behind the attack or whether there are any suspects.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Bitcoins, the online currency that is hard to trace, is becoming the preferred way for hackers collect a ransom, FBI Special Agent Thomas Grasso, who is part of the government's efforts to fight malicious software including ransomware, told The Associated Press last year.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Patient care at Hollywood Presbyterian was not affected by the hacking, and there is no evidence any patient data was compromised, Stefanek said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The 434-bed hospital in the Los Feliz area of Los Angeles was founded in 1924. It was sold to CHA Medical Center of South Korea in 2004. It offers a range of services including emergency care, maternity services, cancer care, physical therapy, and specialized operations such as fetal and orthopedic surgeries.\u003c/p>\n\n",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The FBI said it is investigating the ransomware attack, but have provided no details beyond that.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>During 2013, the number of attacks each month rose from 100,000 in January to 600,000 in December, according to a 2014 report by Symantec, the maker of antivirus software.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>A report from Intel Corp.'s McAfee Labs released in November said the number of ransomware attacks is expected to grow even more in 2016 because of increased sophistication in the software used to do it. The company estimates that on average, 3 percent of users with infected machines pay a ransom.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The infiltration at Hollywood Presbyterian was first noticed on Feb. 5, CEO Allen Stefanek said in a statement. Its system was fully functioning again by Monday, 10 days later.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The hospital did not say whether anyone in law enforcement or the technology business had recommended it pay off the hackers and quickly obtain the digital key used to be able to access its data again.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"The quickest and most efficient way to restore our systems and administrative functions was to pay the ransom and obtain the decryption key,\" Stefanek said. \"In the best interest of restoring normal operations, we did this.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Neither law enforcement nor the hospital gave any indication of who might have been behind the attack or whether there are any suspects.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Bitcoins, the online currency that is hard to trace, is becoming the preferred way for hackers collect a ransom, FBI Special Agent Thomas Grasso, who is part of the government's efforts to fight malicious software including ransomware, told The Associated Press last year.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Patient care at Hollywood Presbyterian was not affected by the hacking, and there is no evidence any patient data was compromised, Stefanek said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The 434-bed hospital in the Los Feliz area of Los Angeles was founded in 1924. It was sold to CHA Medical Center of South Korea in 2004. It offers a range of services including emergency care, maternity services, cancer care, physical therapy, and specialized operations such as fetal and orthopedic surgeries.\u003c/p>\n\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>",
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"content": "\u003cp>Until very recently it was thought that just one bacterium was to blame for causing Lyme disease in humans. But it turns out that a second, related bug can cause it too.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In 2013, during routine testing of bacterial DNA floating around in the blood samples of people suspected of having Lyme disease, researchers at the Mayo Clinic in Rochester, Minn., realized they were looking at something different.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"We detected this result which was positive, but it was clearly different from what we would have expected for \u003cem>Borrelia burgdorferi\u003c/em>, which at that time was the only known cause of Lyme disease in the U.S.,\" says \u003ca href=\"http://www.mayo.edu/research/faculty/pritt-bobbi-s-m-d/bio-00093461\">Dr. Bobbi Pritt\u003c/a>, a microbiologist at the Mayo Clinic.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>When they sequenced the genome of the bacterium, they realized it was different enough to be considered a new species. It's been dubbed \u003cem>Borrelia mayonii\u003c/em>, after the Mayo Clinic. News of the new species was \u003ca href=\"http://www.thelancet.com/journals/laninf/article/PIIS1473-3099(15)00464-8/abstract\">published\u003c/a> this month in the journal \u003cem>The\u003c/em> \u003cem>Lancet Infectious Diseases\u003c/em>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The new species hadn't appeared during routine tests on thousands of other samples over the course of a decade. Then, over the span of two years, it appeared in six patients out of about 9,000 tested for Lyme disease. They were all residents of Minnesota, Wisconsin or North Dakota.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The patients' symptoms were a little different from the usual Lyme disease cases. Instead of the telltale bull's-eye pattern associated with \u003cem>B. burgdorferi\u003c/em>, rashes on these patients were diffuse or spotty. In addition to the fever, headache, rash and neck pain that accompanies the usual form of Lyme disease, patients who had contracted the new species of bacteria also experienced nausea and vomiting.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"This organism doesn't behave completely like the Lyme disease that we all know,\" says Pritt.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>There were other odd symptoms. A child was nearly impossible to wake up from sleep. An adult had trouble with vision, and was seeing double. Two patients were hospitalized. Pritt says all have now recovered, except for one with continued arthritis.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Because the species had not been identified in the thousands of samples that were routinely tested before 2013, Pritt says, it's likely that it either recently emerged as a new organism through mutations of an existing bacterium, or it recently came into contact with people.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"Maybe it infected woodchucks and no one ever tested them,\" she says. \"But what we can say is, it's a species that no one has ever described before, and it's clearly infecting patients.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The bacterium was isolated alive from the blood of two patients, and was subsequently found in black-legged ticks in two parts of Wisconsin.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Both species of Lyme-causing bacteria are carried by the tick \u003cem>Ixodes scapularis,\u003c/em> also known as the black-legged or deer tick, which has continued to spread its range across the U.S.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"Lots of people are encountering ticks where they didn't encounter them 20 years ago,\" says \u003ca href=\"http://cdczilla.com/cdc-employee/contact/rebecca-eisen-970_266_3523\">Rebecca Eisen\u003c/a>, a research biologist with the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention who published \u003ca href=\"http://jme.oxfordjournals.org/content/early/2016/01/15/jme.tjv237.abstract\">the latest map\u003c/a> of tick populations in the U.S.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"It's a living organism, so the range of the tick changes, and so the likelihood of people encountering these ticks changes,\" says Eisen.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>This new bacterium appears to be relatively rare so far. Entomologists found that of 600 ticks collected across Wisconsin, 3 percent tested positive for the new species of bacteria. The older bacterial species is typically found in 30 to 40 percent of black-legged ticks, says Pritt.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Doxycycline is used to kill both species of bacteria. The issue, Pritt says, is for patients and physicians to recognize the slightly different constellation of symptoms associated with this form of Lyme disease, so treatment can be started promptly.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>It's also unclear what is behind the higher bacterial load detected in the blood samples of patients with \u003cem>B. mayonii\u003c/em>, and if it's responsible for the more severe symptoms that the six patients experienced.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"It just seems like every time you turn around, there's a new tick-borne disease. So when people go outside, I think they have to think about protecting themselves from ticks,\" says Pritt.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The best way to avoid picking up an infection from a tick is to avoid tick-infested areas, use repellent and remove ticks as soon as they're spotted.\u003c/p>\n\u003cdiv class=\"fullattribution\">Copyright 2016 NPR. To see more, visit http://www.npr.org/.\u003cimg src=\"http://www.google-analytics.com/__utm.gif?utmac=UA-5828686-4&utmdt=Scientists+Discover+A+Second+Bacterium+That+Causes+Lyme+Disease&utme=8(APIKey)9(MDAxOTAwOTE4MDEyMTkxMDAzNjczZDljZA004)\" alt=\"\">\u003c/div>\n\n",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>Until very recently it was thought that just one bacterium was to blame for causing Lyme disease in humans. But it turns out that a second, related bug can cause it too.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In 2013, during routine testing of bacterial DNA floating around in the blood samples of people suspected of having Lyme disease, researchers at the Mayo Clinic in Rochester, Minn., realized they were looking at something different.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"We detected this result which was positive, but it was clearly different from what we would have expected for \u003cem>Borrelia burgdorferi\u003c/em>, which at that time was the only known cause of Lyme disease in the U.S.,\" says \u003ca href=\"http://www.mayo.edu/research/faculty/pritt-bobbi-s-m-d/bio-00093461\">Dr. Bobbi Pritt\u003c/a>, a microbiologist at the Mayo Clinic.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>When they sequenced the genome of the bacterium, they realized it was different enough to be considered a new species. It's been dubbed \u003cem>Borrelia mayonii\u003c/em>, after the Mayo Clinic. News of the new species was \u003ca href=\"http://www.thelancet.com/journals/laninf/article/PIIS1473-3099(15)00464-8/abstract\">published\u003c/a> this month in the journal \u003cem>The\u003c/em> \u003cem>Lancet Infectious Diseases\u003c/em>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The new species hadn't appeared during routine tests on thousands of other samples over the course of a decade. Then, over the span of two years, it appeared in six patients out of about 9,000 tested for Lyme disease. They were all residents of Minnesota, Wisconsin or North Dakota.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The patients' symptoms were a little different from the usual Lyme disease cases. Instead of the telltale bull's-eye pattern associated with \u003cem>B. burgdorferi\u003c/em>, rashes on these patients were diffuse or spotty. In addition to the fever, headache, rash and neck pain that accompanies the usual form of Lyme disease, patients who had contracted the new species of bacteria also experienced nausea and vomiting.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"This organism doesn't behave completely like the Lyme disease that we all know,\" says Pritt.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>There were other odd symptoms. A child was nearly impossible to wake up from sleep. An adult had trouble with vision, and was seeing double. Two patients were hospitalized. Pritt says all have now recovered, except for one with continued arthritis.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Because the species had not been identified in the thousands of samples that were routinely tested before 2013, Pritt says, it's likely that it either recently emerged as a new organism through mutations of an existing bacterium, or it recently came into contact with people.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"Maybe it infected woodchucks and no one ever tested them,\" she says. \"But what we can say is, it's a species that no one has ever described before, and it's clearly infecting patients.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The bacterium was isolated alive from the blood of two patients, and was subsequently found in black-legged ticks in two parts of Wisconsin.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Both species of Lyme-causing bacteria are carried by the tick \u003cem>Ixodes scapularis,\u003c/em> also known as the black-legged or deer tick, which has continued to spread its range across the U.S.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"Lots of people are encountering ticks where they didn't encounter them 20 years ago,\" says \u003ca href=\"http://cdczilla.com/cdc-employee/contact/rebecca-eisen-970_266_3523\">Rebecca Eisen\u003c/a>, a research biologist with the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention who published \u003ca href=\"http://jme.oxfordjournals.org/content/early/2016/01/15/jme.tjv237.abstract\">the latest map\u003c/a> of tick populations in the U.S.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"It's a living organism, so the range of the tick changes, and so the likelihood of people encountering these ticks changes,\" says Eisen.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>This new bacterium appears to be relatively rare so far. Entomologists found that of 600 ticks collected across Wisconsin, 3 percent tested positive for the new species of bacteria. The older bacterial species is typically found in 30 to 40 percent of black-legged ticks, says Pritt.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Doxycycline is used to kill both species of bacteria. The issue, Pritt says, is for patients and physicians to recognize the slightly different constellation of symptoms associated with this form of Lyme disease, so treatment can be started promptly.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>It's also unclear what is behind the higher bacterial load detected in the blood samples of patients with \u003cem>B. mayonii\u003c/em>, and if it's responsible for the more severe symptoms that the six patients experienced.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"It just seems like every time you turn around, there's a new tick-borne disease. So when people go outside, I think they have to think about protecting themselves from ticks,\" says Pritt.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The best way to avoid picking up an infection from a tick is to avoid tick-infested areas, use repellent and remove ticks as soon as they're spotted.\u003c/p>\n\u003cdiv class=\"fullattribution\">Copyright 2016 NPR. To see more, visit http://www.npr.org/.\u003cimg src=\"http://www.google-analytics.com/__utm.gif?utmac=UA-5828686-4&utmdt=Scientists+Discover+A+Second+Bacterium+That+Causes+Lyme+Disease&utme=8(APIKey)9(MDAxOTAwOTE4MDEyMTkxMDAzNjczZDljZA004)\" alt=\"\">\u003c/div>\n\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>",
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"disqusTitle": "Palo Alto Student Was Asked to Leave School Because of His DNA",
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"content": "\u003cp>To find a society where a student is forced to leave school because of his genes, you might think you’d need to watch \"\u003ca href=\"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gattaca\">Gattaca\u003c/a>\" or pick up a dystopian novel.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>As it turns out, you wouldn't need to immerse yourself in fiction. This exact scenario occurred at a middle school in Palo Alto, California.\u003c/p>\n\u003caside class=\"pullquote alignright\">Unless something is done to strengthen legal protections, anyone who is genetically tested could be discriminated against.\u003c/aside>\n\u003cp>And unless something is done to strengthen our legal protections, it could be just the tip of the iceberg. Any of us who learns about our DNA through direct-to-consumer tests like 23andMe, newborn genetic testing or gene sequencing at the doctor’s office could be genetically discriminated against too.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>School Boots Out Sixth Grader Over Predisposition to Disease\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In 2012, Jordan Middle School tried to force 11-year-old Colman Chadam to transfer to another school, not because he did something wrong or had a contagious disease, but because of his DNA.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[contextly_sidebar id=\"RWAfIZvPfGk0QXWSsjL020T1kdGZFuZd\"]Colman had been born with a heart condition. To try to figure out what was wrong, the doctors had performed a lot of genetic tests, one of which found an increased risk for cystic fibrosis, a very severe genetic condition.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Twelve years later, Colman's parents, as a simple precaution, filled out a medical form telling the school about his genetic results even though he had none of the symptoms of CF. He did not have the disease.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But the student population at Jordan Middle School included two siblings who had CF. Because there is a high risk for people with the disease to give each other lung infections, it is important to always keep them at least 6 feet away from each other.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>After teachers at the school told the parents of these students about Colman's genetics, the district ordered Colman's transfer, despite the fact that he did not have the disease.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>His parents took the district to court. After Colman missed 11 days of school, a settlement was reached to \u003ca href=\"http://www.sfgate.com/bayarea/article/6th-grader-back-in-school-despite-genes-4010983.php\" target=\"_blank\">let him return\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But the Chadams filed a suit in federal court, alleging unlawful disclosure of Colman's private medical information. The case was dismissed, but last month the Chadams filed an \u003ca href=\"https://assets.documentcloud.org/documents/2701506/Opening-Brief.pdf\" target=\"_blank\">appeal to the Ninth Circuit Court\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>All of this brouhaha occurred even though Colman did not have CF and posed no risk to anyone. The specific genetic differences he had are in a gray area of genetics known as \u003ca href=\"http://ghr.nlm.nih.gov/glossary=penetrance\">variable penetrance\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Some people with his DNA end up with CF and some don't. Up to that time, Colman had not developed any symptoms.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Perhaps it's not surprising that well-meaning people at Jordan Middle School did not understand these subtleties and misinterpreted Colman's results. What is surprising is that there is so little legal protection against this sort of misunderstanding.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_108371\" class=\"wp-caption alignnone\" style=\"max-width: 800px\">\u003cimg class=\"size-medium wp-image-108371\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/futureofyou/wp-content/uploads/sites/13/2016/02/BushSignsGINA2008-800x510.jpg\" alt=\"In 2008 President Bush signed the Genetics Information Nondiscrimination Act (GINA) . It did not protect a middle school student from being asked to transfer to a new school because of his DNA. \" width=\"800\" height=\"510\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/13/2016/02/BushSignsGINA2008-800x510.jpg 800w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/13/2016/02/BushSignsGINA2008-400x255.jpg 400w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/13/2016/02/BushSignsGINA2008-768x489.jpg 768w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/13/2016/02/BushSignsGINA2008-1180x752.jpg 1180w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/13/2016/02/BushSignsGINA2008-960x612.jpg 960w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/13/2016/02/BushSignsGINA2008.jpg 1400w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">In 2008 President Bush signed the Genetics Information Nondiscrimination Act (GINA) . It did not protect a middle school student from being asked to transfer to a new school because of his DNA. \u003ccite>(NHGRI)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Surprisingly Weak Protections\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Back in 2008 President Bush signed the \u003ca href=\"http://ginahelp.org/\" target=\"_blank\">Genetics Information Nondiscrimination Act\u003c/a> (GINA). Unfortunately for the Chadams, it only covers employment and health insurance discrimination.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>This oversight needs to be addressed sooner rather than later.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Every day more and more people learn about potential disease risks from their DNA. Many people will have results similar to Colman's that could be used against them.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>The Perils of Testing\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>DNA is more complicated than a lot of people think. For example, scientists have found over 2000 DNA variants or differences in CFTR, the key gene involved in cystic fibrosis.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Without additional protections in place, CF screening programs like the one described \u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/futureofyou/2016/02/01/stanford-develops-fast-affordable-genetic-test-for-newborns/\">here\u003c/a> could place many more people in Colman Chadam's situation.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Multiply these risks by 10, 100, 1000 or even 10,000 for some of the proposed screens where \u003ca href=\"http://genomemag.com/a-newborn-challenge/#.Vrj3vfkrKM8\">every gene of a newborn might be looked at\u003c/a> (exome sequencing), and you begin to see what we're up against. People will be flooded with a lot of hard-to-understand information that is easy to misinterpret.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>This doesn't mean genetic testing, which can have many benefits, shouldn't be done. We just need to ensure it isn't used to discriminate, as we head toward a world where everyone knows their DNA but doesn’t necessarily understand genetics.\u003c/p>\n\n",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>To find a society where a student is forced to leave school because of his genes, you might think you’d need to watch \"\u003ca href=\"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gattaca\">Gattaca\u003c/a>\" or pick up a dystopian novel.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>As it turns out, you wouldn't need to immerse yourself in fiction. This exact scenario occurred at a middle school in Palo Alto, California.\u003c/p>\n\u003caside class=\"pullquote alignright\">Unless something is done to strengthen legal protections, anyone who is genetically tested could be discriminated against.\u003c/aside>\n\u003cp>And unless something is done to strengthen our legal protections, it could be just the tip of the iceberg. Any of us who learns about our DNA through direct-to-consumer tests like 23andMe, newborn genetic testing or gene sequencing at the doctor’s office could be genetically discriminated against too.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>School Boots Out Sixth Grader Over Predisposition to Disease\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In 2012, Jordan Middle School tried to force 11-year-old Colman Chadam to transfer to another school, not because he did something wrong or had a contagious disease, but because of his DNA.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003cp>Colman had been born with a heart condition. To try to figure out what was wrong, the doctors had performed a lot of genetic tests, one of which found an increased risk for cystic fibrosis, a very severe genetic condition.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Twelve years later, Colman's parents, as a simple precaution, filled out a medical form telling the school about his genetic results even though he had none of the symptoms of CF. He did not have the disease.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But the student population at Jordan Middle School included two siblings who had CF. Because there is a high risk for people with the disease to give each other lung infections, it is important to always keep them at least 6 feet away from each other.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>After teachers at the school told the parents of these students about Colman's genetics, the district ordered Colman's transfer, despite the fact that he did not have the disease.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>His parents took the district to court. After Colman missed 11 days of school, a settlement was reached to \u003ca href=\"http://www.sfgate.com/bayarea/article/6th-grader-back-in-school-despite-genes-4010983.php\" target=\"_blank\">let him return\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But the Chadams filed a suit in federal court, alleging unlawful disclosure of Colman's private medical information. The case was dismissed, but last month the Chadams filed an \u003ca href=\"https://assets.documentcloud.org/documents/2701506/Opening-Brief.pdf\" target=\"_blank\">appeal to the Ninth Circuit Court\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>All of this brouhaha occurred even though Colman did not have CF and posed no risk to anyone. The specific genetic differences he had are in a gray area of genetics known as \u003ca href=\"http://ghr.nlm.nih.gov/glossary=penetrance\">variable penetrance\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Some people with his DNA end up with CF and some don't. Up to that time, Colman had not developed any symptoms.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Perhaps it's not surprising that well-meaning people at Jordan Middle School did not understand these subtleties and misinterpreted Colman's results. What is surprising is that there is so little legal protection against this sort of misunderstanding.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_108371\" class=\"wp-caption alignnone\" style=\"max-width: 800px\">\u003cimg class=\"size-medium wp-image-108371\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/futureofyou/wp-content/uploads/sites/13/2016/02/BushSignsGINA2008-800x510.jpg\" alt=\"In 2008 President Bush signed the Genetics Information Nondiscrimination Act (GINA) . It did not protect a middle school student from being asked to transfer to a new school because of his DNA. \" width=\"800\" height=\"510\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/13/2016/02/BushSignsGINA2008-800x510.jpg 800w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/13/2016/02/BushSignsGINA2008-400x255.jpg 400w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/13/2016/02/BushSignsGINA2008-768x489.jpg 768w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/13/2016/02/BushSignsGINA2008-1180x752.jpg 1180w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/13/2016/02/BushSignsGINA2008-960x612.jpg 960w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/13/2016/02/BushSignsGINA2008.jpg 1400w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">In 2008 President Bush signed the Genetics Information Nondiscrimination Act (GINA) . It did not protect a middle school student from being asked to transfer to a new school because of his DNA. \u003ccite>(NHGRI)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Surprisingly Weak Protections\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Back in 2008 President Bush signed the \u003ca href=\"http://ginahelp.org/\" target=\"_blank\">Genetics Information Nondiscrimination Act\u003c/a> (GINA). Unfortunately for the Chadams, it only covers employment and health insurance discrimination.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>This oversight needs to be addressed sooner rather than later.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Every day more and more people learn about potential disease risks from their DNA. Many people will have results similar to Colman's that could be used against them.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>The Perils of Testing\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>DNA is more complicated than a lot of people think. For example, scientists have found over 2000 DNA variants or differences in CFTR, the key gene involved in cystic fibrosis.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Without additional protections in place, CF screening programs like the one described \u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/futureofyou/2016/02/01/stanford-develops-fast-affordable-genetic-test-for-newborns/\">here\u003c/a> could place many more people in Colman Chadam's situation.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Multiply these risks by 10, 100, 1000 or even 10,000 for some of the proposed screens where \u003ca href=\"http://genomemag.com/a-newborn-challenge/#.Vrj3vfkrKM8\">every gene of a newborn might be looked at\u003c/a> (exome sequencing), and you begin to see what we're up against. People will be flooded with a lot of hard-to-understand information that is easy to misinterpret.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>This doesn't mean genetic testing, which can have many benefits, shouldn't be done. We just need to ensure it isn't used to discriminate, as we head toward a world where everyone knows their DNA but doesn’t necessarily understand genetics.\u003c/p>\n\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>",
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"rss": "https://podcasts.files.bbci.co.uk/p02nq0gn.rss"
}
},
"californiareport": {
"id": "californiareport",
"title": "The California Report",
"tagline": "California, day by day",
"info": "KQED’s statewide radio news program providing daily coverage of issues, trends and public policy decisions.",
"imageSrc": "https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/04/The-California-Report-Podcast-Tile-703x703-1.jpg",
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"officialWebsiteLink": "/californiareport",
"meta": {
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"source": "kqed",
"order": 8
},
"link": "/californiareport",
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}
},
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"id": "californiareportmagazine",
"title": "The California Report Magazine",
"tagline": "Your state, your stories",
"info": "Every week, The California Report Magazine takes you on a road trip for the ears: to visit the places and meet the people who make California unique. The in-depth storytelling podcast from the California Report.",
"airtime": "FRI 4:30pm-5pm, 6:30pm-7pm, 11pm-11:30pm",
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"officialWebsiteLink": "/californiareportmagazine",
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"order": 10
},
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"google": "https://podcasts.google.com/feed/aHR0cHM6Ly9mZWVkcy5tZWdhcGhvbmUuZm0vS1FJTkM3NjkwNjk1OTAz",
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}
},
"city-arts": {
"id": "city-arts",
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"info": "A one-hour radio program to hear celebrated writers, artists and thinkers address contemporary ideas and values, often discussing the creative process. Please note: tapes or transcripts are not available",
"imageSrc": "https://ww2.kqed.org/radio/wp-content/uploads/sites/50/2018/05/cityartsandlecture-300x300.jpg",
"officialWebsiteLink": "https://www.cityarts.net/",
"airtime": "SUN 1pm-2pm, TUE 10pm, WED 1am",
"meta": {
"site": "news",
"source": "City Arts & Lectures"
},
"link": "https://www.cityarts.net",
"subscribe": {
"tuneIn": "https://tunein.com/radio/City-Arts-and-Lectures-p692/",
"rss": "https://www.cityarts.net/feed/"
}
},
"closealltabs": {
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"info": "Close All Tabs breaks down how digital culture shapes our world through thoughtful insights and irreverent humor.",
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"officialWebsiteLink": "/podcasts/closealltabs",
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"order": 1
},
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"title": "Code Switch / Life Kit",
"info": "\u003cem>Code Switch\u003c/em>, which listeners will hear in the first part of the hour, has fearless and much-needed conversations about race. Hosted by journalists of color, the show tackles the subject of race head-on, exploring how it impacts every part of society — from politics and pop culture to history, sports and more.\u003cbr />\u003cbr />\u003cem>Life Kit\u003c/em>, which will be in the second part of the hour, guides you through spaces and feelings no one prepares you for — from finances to mental health, from workplace microaggressions to imposter syndrome, from relationships to parenting. The show features experts with real world experience and shares their knowledge. Because everyone needs a little help being human.\u003cbr />\u003cbr />\u003ca href=\"https://www.npr.org/podcasts/510312/codeswitch\">\u003cem>Code Switch\u003c/em> offical site and podcast\u003c/a>\u003cbr />\u003ca href=\"https://www.npr.org/lifekit\">\u003cem>Life Kit\u003c/em> offical site and podcast\u003c/a>\u003cbr />",
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"meta": {
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"google": "https://podcasts.google.com/feed/aHR0cHM6Ly93d3cubnByLm9yZy9yc3MvcG9kY2FzdC5waHA_aWQ9NTEwMzEy",
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"id": "commonwealth-club",
"title": "Commonwealth Club of California Podcast",
"info": "The Commonwealth Club of California is the nation's oldest and largest public affairs forum. As a non-partisan forum, The Club brings to the public airwaves diverse viewpoints on important topics. The Club's weekly radio broadcast - the oldest in the U.S., dating back to 1924 - is carried across the nation on public radio stations and is now podcasting. Our website archive features audio of our recent programs, as well as selected speeches from our long and distinguished history. This podcast feed is usually updated twice a week and is always un-edited.",
"airtime": "THU 10pm, FRI 1am",
"imageSrc": "https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/04/Commonwealth-Club-Podcast-Tile-360x360-1.jpg",
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"meta": {
"site": "news",
"source": "Commonwealth Club of California"
},
"link": "/radio/program/commonwealth-club",
"subscribe": {
"apple": "https://itunes.apple.com/us/podcast/commonwealth-club-of-california-podcast/id976334034?mt=2",
"google": "https://podcasts.google.com/feed/aHR0cDovL3d3dy5jb21tb253ZWFsdGhjbHViLm9yZy9hdWRpby9wb2RjYXN0L3dlZWtseS54bWw",
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}
},
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"id": "forum",
"title": "Forum",
"tagline": "The conversation starts here",
"info": "KQED’s live call-in program discussing local, state, national and international issues, as well as in-depth interviews.",
"airtime": "MON-FRI 9am-11am, 10pm-11pm",
"imageSrc": "https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/04/Forum-Podcast-Tile-703x703-1.jpg",
"imageAlt": "KQED Forum with Mina Kim and Alexis Madrigal",
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"meta": {
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"source": "kqed",
"order": 9
},
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"google": "https://podcasts.google.com/feed/aHR0cHM6Ly9mZWVkcy5tZWdhcGhvbmUuZm0vS1FJTkM5NTU3MzgxNjMz",
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"id": "freakonomics-radio",
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"imageSrc": "https://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2018/05/freakonomicsRadio.png",
"officialWebsiteLink": "http://freakonomics.com/",
"airtime": "SUN 1am-2am, SAT 3pm-4pm",
"meta": {
"site": "radio",
"source": "WNYC"
},
"link": "/radio/program/freakonomics-radio",
"subscribe": {
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"apple": "https://itunes.apple.com/us/podcast/freakonomics-radio/id354668519",
"tuneIn": "https://tunein.com/podcasts/WNYC-Podcasts/Freakonomics-Radio-p272293/",
"rss": "https://feeds.feedburner.com/freakonomicsradio"
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},
"fresh-air": {
"id": "fresh-air",
"title": "Fresh Air",
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"apple": "https://itunes.apple.com/WebObjects/MZStore.woa/wa/viewPodcast?s=143441&mt=2&id=214089682&at=11l79Y&ct=nprdirectory",
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"rss": "https://feeds.npr.org/381444908/podcast.xml"
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"info": "A live production of NPR and WBUR Boston, in collaboration with stations across the country, Here & Now reflects the fluid world of news as it's happening in the middle of the day, with timely, in-depth news, interviews and conversation. Hosted by Robin Young, Jeremy Hobson and Tonya Mosley.",
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"rss": "https://feeds.npr.org/510051/podcast.xml"
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},
"hidden-brain": {
"id": "hidden-brain",
"title": "Hidden Brain",
"info": "Shankar Vedantam uses science and storytelling to reveal the unconscious patterns that drive human behavior, shape our choices and direct our relationships.",
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"officialWebsiteLink": "https://www.npr.org/series/423302056/hidden-brain",
"airtime": "SUN 7pm-8pm",
"meta": {
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"source": "NPR"
},
"link": "/radio/program/hidden-brain",
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},
"how-i-built-this": {
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"title": "How I Built This with Guy Raz",
"info": "Guy Raz dives into the stories behind some of the world's best known companies. How I Built This weaves a narrative journey about innovators, entrepreneurs and idealists—and the movements they built.",
"imageSrc": "https://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2018/05/howIBuiltThis.png",
"officialWebsiteLink": "https://www.npr.org/podcasts/510313/how-i-built-this",
"airtime": "SUN 7:30pm-8pm",
"meta": {
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"source": "npr"
},
"link": "/radio/program/how-i-built-this",
"subscribe": {
"npr": "https://rpb3r.app.goo.gl/3zxy",
"apple": "https://itunes.apple.com/us/podcast/how-i-built-this-with-guy-raz/id1150510297?mt=2",
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},
"hyphenacion": {
"id": "hyphenacion",
"title": "Hyphenación",
"tagline": "Where conversation and cultura meet",
"info": "What kind of no sabo word is Hyphenación? For us, it’s about living within a hyphenation. Like being a third-gen Mexican-American from the Texas border now living that Bay Area Chicano life. Like Xorje! Each week we bring together a couple of hyphenated Latinos to talk all about personal life choices: family, careers, relationships, belonging … everything is on the table. ",
"imageSrc": "https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2025/03/Hyphenacion_FinalAssets_PodcastTile.png",
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"officialWebsiteLink": "/podcasts/hyphenacion",
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"order": 15
},
"link": "/podcasts/hyphenacion",
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"spotify": "https://open.spotify.com/show/2p3Fifq96nw9BPcmFdIq0o?si=39209f7b25774f38",
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"rss": "https://feeds.megaphone.fm/KQINC2275451163"
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},
"jerrybrown": {
"id": "jerrybrown",
"title": "The Political Mind of Jerry Brown",
"tagline": "Lessons from a lifetime in politics",
"info": "The Political Mind of Jerry Brown brings listeners the wisdom of the former Governor, Mayor, and presidential candidate. Scott Shafer interviewed Brown for more than 40 hours, covering the former governor's life and half-century in the political game – and Brown has some lessons he'd like to share. ",
"imageSrc": "https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/04/The-Political-Mind-of-Jerry-Brown-Podcast-Tile-703x703-1.jpg",
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"officialWebsiteLink": "/podcasts/jerrybrown",
"meta": {
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"source": "kqed",
"order": 18
},
"link": "/podcasts/jerrybrown",
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"apple": "https://itunes.apple.com/us/podcast/id1492194549",
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}
},
"latino-usa": {
"id": "latino-usa",
"title": "Latino USA",
"airtime": "MON 1am-2am, SUN 6pm-7pm",
"info": "Latino USA, the radio journal of news and culture, is the only national, English-language radio program produced from a Latino perspective.",
"imageSrc": "https://ww2.kqed.org/radio/wp-content/uploads/sites/50/2018/04/latinoUsa.jpg",
"officialWebsiteLink": "http://latinousa.org/",
"meta": {
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"source": "npr"
},
"link": "/radio/program/latino-usa",
"subscribe": {
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"apple": "https://itunes.apple.com/WebObjects/MZStore.woa/wa/viewPodcast?s=143441&mt=2&id=79681317&at=11l79Y&ct=nprdirectory",
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"rss": "https://feeds.npr.org/510016/podcast.xml"
}
},
"marketplace": {
"id": "marketplace",
"title": "Marketplace",
"info": "Our flagship program, helmed by Kai Ryssdal, examines what the day in money delivered, through stories, conversations, newsworthy numbers and more. Updated Monday through Friday at about 3:30 p.m. PT.",
"airtime": "MON-FRI 4pm-4:30pm, MON-WED 6:30pm-7pm",
"imageSrc": "https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/04/Marketplace-Podcast-Tile-360x360-1.jpg",
"officialWebsiteLink": "https://www.marketplace.org/",
"meta": {
"site": "news",
"source": "American Public Media"
},
"link": "/radio/program/marketplace",
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"rss": "https://feeds.publicradio.org/public_feeds/marketplace-pm/rss/rss"
}
},
"masters-of-scale": {
"id": "masters-of-scale",
"title": "Masters of Scale",
"info": "Masters of Scale is an original podcast in which LinkedIn co-founder and Greylock Partner Reid Hoffman sets out to describe and prove theories that explain how great entrepreneurs take their companies from zero to a gazillion in ingenious fashion.",
"airtime": "Every other Wednesday June 12 through October 16 at 8pm (repeats Thursdays at 2am)",
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"officialWebsiteLink": "https://mastersofscale.com/",
"meta": {
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"source": "WaitWhat"
},
"link": "/radio/program/masters-of-scale",
"subscribe": {
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"rss": "https://rss.art19.com/masters-of-scale"
}
},
"mindshift": {
"id": "mindshift",
"title": "MindShift",
"tagline": "A podcast about the future of learning and how we raise our kids",
"info": "The MindShift podcast explores the innovations in education that are shaping how kids learn. Hosts Ki Sung and Katrina Schwartz introduce listeners to educators, researchers, parents and students who are developing effective ways to improve how kids learn. We cover topics like how fed-up administrators are developing surprising tactics to deal with classroom disruptions; how listening to podcasts are helping kids develop reading skills; the consequences of overparenting; and why interdisciplinary learning can engage students on all ends of the traditional achievement spectrum. This podcast is part of the MindShift education site, a division of KQED News. KQED is an NPR/PBS member station based in San Francisco. You can also visit the MindShift website for episodes and supplemental blog posts or tweet us \u003ca href=\"https://twitter.com/MindShiftKQED\">@MindShiftKQED\u003c/a> or visit us at \u003ca href=\"/mindshift\">MindShift.KQED.org\u003c/a>",
"imageSrc": "https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/04/Mindshift-Podcast-Tile-703x703-1.jpg",
"imageAlt": "KQED MindShift: How We Will Learn",
"officialWebsiteLink": "/mindshift/",
"meta": {
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"source": "kqed",
"order": 12
},
"link": "/podcasts/mindshift",
"subscribe": {
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"google": "https://podcasts.google.com/feed/aHR0cHM6Ly9mZWVkcy5tZWdhcGhvbmUuZm0vS1FJTkM1NzY0NjAwNDI5",
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"stitcher": "https://www.stitcher.com/podcast/kqed/stories-teachers-share",
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}
},
"morning-edition": {
"id": "morning-edition",
"title": "Morning Edition",
"info": "\u003cem>Morning Edition\u003c/em> takes listeners around the country and the world with multi-faceted stories and commentaries every weekday. Hosts Steve Inskeep, David Greene and Rachel Martin bring you the latest breaking news and features to prepare you for the day.",
"airtime": "MON-FRI 3am-9am",
"imageSrc": "https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/04/Morning-Edition-Podcast-Tile-360x360-1.jpg",
"officialWebsiteLink": "https://www.npr.org/programs/morning-edition/",
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"link": "/radio/program/morning-edition"
},
"onourwatch": {
"id": "onourwatch",
"title": "On Our Watch",
"tagline": "Deeply-reported investigative journalism",
"info": "For decades, the process for how police police themselves has been inconsistent – if not opaque. In some states, like California, these proceedings were completely hidden. After a new police transparency law unsealed scores of internal affairs files, our reporters set out to examine these cases and the shadow world of police discipline. On Our Watch brings listeners into the rooms where officers are questioned and witnesses are interrogated to find out who this system is really protecting. Is it the officers, or the public they've sworn to serve?",
"imageSrc": "https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/04/On-Our-Watch-Podcast-Tile-703x703-1.jpg",
"imageAlt": "On Our Watch from NPR and KQED",
"officialWebsiteLink": "/podcasts/onourwatch",
"meta": {
"site": "news",
"source": "kqed",
"order": 11
},
"link": "/podcasts/onourwatch",
"subscribe": {
"apple": "https://podcasts.apple.com/podcast/id1567098962",
"google": "https://podcasts.google.com/feed/aHR0cHM6Ly9mZWVkcy5ucHIub3JnLzUxMDM2MC9wb2RjYXN0LnhtbD9zYz1nb29nbGVwb2RjYXN0cw",
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"spotify": "https://open.spotify.com/show/0OLWoyizopu6tY1XiuX70x",
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"stitcher": "https://www.stitcher.com/show/on-our-watch",
"rss": "https://feeds.npr.org/510360/podcast.xml"
}
},
"on-the-media": {
"id": "on-the-media",
"title": "On The Media",
"info": "Our weekly podcast explores how the media 'sausage' is made, casts an incisive eye on fluctuations in the marketplace of ideas, and examines threats to the freedom of information and expression in America and abroad. For one hour a week, the show tries to lift the veil from the process of \"making media,\" especially news media, because it's through that lens that we see the world and the world sees us",
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"info": "One of public radio's most dynamic voices, Sam Sanders helped launch The NPR Politics Podcast and hosted NPR's hit show It's Been A Minute. Now, the award-winning host returns with something brand new, The Sam Sanders Show. Every week, Sam Sanders and friends dig into the culture that shapes our lives: what's driving the biggest trends, how artists really think, and even the memes you can't stop scrolling past. Sam is beloved for his way of unpacking the world and bringing you up close to fresh currents and engaging conversations. The Sam Sanders Show is smart, funny and always a good time.",
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