window.__IS_SSR__=true
window.__INITIAL_STATE__={
"attachmentsReducer": {
"audio_0": {
"type": "attachments",
"id": "audio_0",
"imgSizes": {
"kqedFullSize": {
"file": "https://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/themes/KQED-unified/img/audio_bgs/background0.jpg"
}
}
},
"audio_1": {
"type": "attachments",
"id": "audio_1",
"imgSizes": {
"kqedFullSize": {
"file": "https://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/themes/KQED-unified/img/audio_bgs/background1.jpg"
}
}
},
"audio_2": {
"type": "attachments",
"id": "audio_2",
"imgSizes": {
"kqedFullSize": {
"file": "https://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/themes/KQED-unified/img/audio_bgs/background2.jpg"
}
}
},
"audio_3": {
"type": "attachments",
"id": "audio_3",
"imgSizes": {
"kqedFullSize": {
"file": "https://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/themes/KQED-unified/img/audio_bgs/background3.jpg"
}
}
},
"audio_4": {
"type": "attachments",
"id": "audio_4",
"imgSizes": {
"kqedFullSize": {
"file": "https://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/themes/KQED-unified/img/audio_bgs/background4.jpg"
}
}
},
"placeholder": {
"type": "attachments",
"id": "placeholder",
"imgSizes": {
"thumbnail": {
"file": "https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/12/KQED-Default-Image-816638274-2000x1333-1-160x107.jpg",
"width": 160,
"height": 107,
"mimeType": "image/jpeg"
},
"medium": {
"file": "https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/12/KQED-Default-Image-816638274-2000x1333-1-800x533.jpg",
"width": 800,
"height": 533,
"mimeType": "image/jpeg"
},
"medium_large": {
"file": "https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/12/KQED-Default-Image-816638274-2000x1333-1-768x512.jpg",
"width": 768,
"height": 512,
"mimeType": "image/jpeg"
},
"large": {
"file": "https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/12/KQED-Default-Image-816638274-2000x1333-1-1020x680.jpg",
"width": 1020,
"height": 680,
"mimeType": "image/jpeg"
},
"1536x1536": {
"file": "https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/12/KQED-Default-Image-816638274-2000x1333-1-1536x1024.jpg",
"width": 1536,
"height": 1024,
"mimeType": "image/jpeg"
},
"fd-lrg": {
"file": "https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/12/KQED-Default-Image-816638274-2000x1333-1-1536x1024.jpg",
"width": 1536,
"height": 1024,
"mimeType": "image/jpeg"
},
"fd-med": {
"file": "https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/12/KQED-Default-Image-816638274-2000x1333-1-1020x680.jpg",
"width": 1020,
"height": 680,
"mimeType": "image/jpeg"
},
"fd-sm": {
"file": "https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/12/KQED-Default-Image-816638274-2000x1333-1-800x533.jpg",
"width": 800,
"height": 533,
"mimeType": "image/jpeg"
},
"post-thumbnail": {
"file": "https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/12/KQED-Default-Image-816638274-2000x1333-1-672x372.jpg",
"width": 672,
"height": 372,
"mimeType": "image/jpeg"
},
"twentyfourteen-full-width": {
"file": "https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/12/KQED-Default-Image-816638274-2000x1333-1-1038x576.jpg",
"width": 1038,
"height": 576,
"mimeType": "image/jpeg"
},
"xxsmall": {
"file": "https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/12/KQED-Default-Image-816638274-2000x1333-1-160x107.jpg",
"width": 160,
"height": 107,
"mimeType": "image/jpeg"
},
"xsmall": {
"file": "https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/12/KQED-Default-Image-816638274-2000x1333-1-672x372.jpg",
"width": 672,
"height": 372,
"mimeType": "image/jpeg"
},
"small": {
"file": "https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/12/KQED-Default-Image-816638274-2000x1333-1-672x372.jpg",
"width": 672,
"height": 372,
"mimeType": "image/jpeg"
},
"xlarge": {
"file": "https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/12/KQED-Default-Image-816638274-2000x1333-1-1020x680.jpg",
"width": 1020,
"height": 680,
"mimeType": "image/jpeg"
},
"full-width": {
"file": "https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/12/KQED-Default-Image-816638274-2000x1333-1-1920x1280.jpg",
"width": 1920,
"height": 1280,
"mimeType": "image/jpeg"
},
"guest-author-32": {
"file": "https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2025/01/KQED-Default-Image-816638274-1333x1333-1-160x160.jpg",
"width": 32,
"height": 32,
"mimeType": "image/jpeg"
},
"guest-author-50": {
"file": "https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2025/01/KQED-Default-Image-816638274-1333x1333-1-160x160.jpg",
"width": 50,
"height": 50,
"mimeType": "image/jpeg"
},
"guest-author-64": {
"file": "https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2025/01/KQED-Default-Image-816638274-1333x1333-1-160x160.jpg",
"width": 64,
"height": 64,
"mimeType": "image/jpeg"
},
"guest-author-96": {
"file": "https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2025/01/KQED-Default-Image-816638274-1333x1333-1-160x160.jpg",
"width": 96,
"height": 96,
"mimeType": "image/jpeg"
},
"guest-author-128": {
"file": "https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2025/01/KQED-Default-Image-816638274-1333x1333-1-160x160.jpg",
"width": 128,
"height": 128,
"mimeType": "image/jpeg"
},
"detail": {
"file": "https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2025/01/KQED-Default-Image-816638274-1333x1333-1-160x160.jpg",
"width": 160,
"height": 160,
"mimeType": "image/jpeg"
},
"kqedFullSize": {
"file": "https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/12/KQED-Default-Image-816638274-2000x1333-1.jpg",
"width": 2000,
"height": 1333
}
}
},
"futureofyou_444815": {
"type": "attachments",
"id": "futureofyou_444815",
"meta": {
"index": "attachments_1716263798",
"site": "futureofyou",
"id": "444815",
"found": true
},
"parent": 444810,
"imgSizes": {
"small": {
"file": "https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/13/2018/10/GettyImages-820920688-520x347.jpg",
"width": 520,
"mimeType": "image/jpeg",
"height": 347
},
"twentyfourteen-full-width": {
"file": "https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/13/2018/10/GettyImages-820920688-1038x576.jpg",
"width": 1038,
"mimeType": "image/jpeg",
"height": 576
},
"thumbnail": {
"file": "https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/13/2018/10/GettyImages-820920688-160x107.jpg",
"width": 160,
"mimeType": "image/jpeg",
"height": 107
},
"fd-sm": {
"file": "https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/13/2018/10/GettyImages-820920688-960x640.jpg",
"width": 960,
"mimeType": "image/jpeg",
"height": 640
},
"post-thumbnail": {
"file": "https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/13/2018/10/GettyImages-820920688-672x372.jpg",
"width": 672,
"mimeType": "image/jpeg",
"height": 372
},
"xsmall": {
"file": "https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/13/2018/10/GettyImages-820920688-375x250.jpg",
"width": 375,
"mimeType": "image/jpeg",
"height": 250
},
"kqedFullSize": {
"file": "https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/13/2018/10/GettyImages-820920688.jpg",
"width": 4368,
"height": 2912
},
"large": {
"file": "https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/13/2018/10/GettyImages-820920688-1020x680.jpg",
"width": 1020,
"mimeType": "image/jpeg",
"height": 680
},
"xlarge": {
"file": "https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/13/2018/10/GettyImages-820920688-1180x787.jpg",
"width": 1180,
"mimeType": "image/jpeg",
"height": 787
},
"complete_open_graph": {
"file": "https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/13/2018/10/GettyImages-820920688-1200x800.jpg",
"width": 1200,
"mimeType": "image/jpeg",
"height": 800
},
"guest-author-50": {
"file": "https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/13/2018/10/GettyImages-820920688-50x50.jpg",
"width": 50,
"mimeType": "image/jpeg",
"height": 50
},
"guest-author-96": {
"file": "https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/13/2018/10/GettyImages-820920688-96x96.jpg",
"width": 96,
"mimeType": "image/jpeg",
"height": 96
},
"medium": {
"file": "https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/13/2018/10/GettyImages-820920688-800x533.jpg",
"width": 800,
"mimeType": "image/jpeg",
"height": 533
},
"guest-author-64": {
"file": "https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/13/2018/10/GettyImages-820920688-64x64.jpg",
"width": 64,
"mimeType": "image/jpeg",
"height": 64
},
"guest-author-32": {
"file": "https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/13/2018/10/GettyImages-820920688-32x32.jpg",
"width": 32,
"mimeType": "image/jpeg",
"height": 32
},
"fd-lrg": {
"file": "https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/13/2018/10/GettyImages-820920688-1920x1280.jpg",
"width": 1920,
"mimeType": "image/jpeg",
"height": 1280
},
"fd-med": {
"file": "https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/13/2018/10/GettyImages-820920688-1180x787.jpg",
"width": 1180,
"mimeType": "image/jpeg",
"height": 787
},
"full-width": {
"file": "https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/13/2018/10/GettyImages-820920688-1920x1280.jpg",
"width": 1920,
"mimeType": "image/jpeg",
"height": 1280
},
"detail": {
"file": "https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/13/2018/10/GettyImages-820920688-150x150.jpg",
"width": 150,
"mimeType": "image/jpeg",
"height": 150
},
"medium_large": {
"file": "https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/13/2018/10/GettyImages-820920688-768x512.jpg",
"width": 768,
"mimeType": "image/jpeg",
"height": 512
},
"guest-author-128": {
"file": "https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/13/2018/10/GettyImages-820920688-128x128.jpg",
"width": 128,
"mimeType": "image/jpeg",
"height": 128
},
"xxsmall": {
"file": "https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/13/2018/10/GettyImages-820920688-240x160.jpg",
"width": 240,
"mimeType": "image/jpeg",
"height": 160
}
},
"publishDate": 1538554167,
"modified": 1538554207,
"caption": "A patient receives an X-ray at a health clinic on July 22, 2017 in Wise, Virginia. ",
"description": null,
"title": "Appalachia Residents See Doctors For Health And Dental Care At Largest Free Clinic In U.S.",
"credit": "John Moore/Getty Images",
"status": "inherit",
"isLoading": false,
"fetchFailed": false
},
"futureofyou_444735": {
"type": "attachments",
"id": "futureofyou_444735",
"meta": {
"index": "attachments_1716263798",
"site": "futureofyou",
"id": "444735",
"found": true
},
"parent": 444707,
"imgSizes": {
"small": {
"file": "https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/13/2018/10/spinal-520x268.jpg",
"width": 520,
"mimeType": "image/jpeg",
"height": 268
},
"thumbnail": {
"file": "https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/13/2018/10/spinal-160x83.jpg",
"width": 160,
"mimeType": "image/jpeg",
"height": 83
},
"post-thumbnail": {
"file": "https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/13/2018/10/spinal-672x372.jpg",
"width": 672,
"mimeType": "image/jpeg",
"height": 372
},
"xsmall": {
"file": "https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/13/2018/10/spinal-375x193.jpg",
"width": 375,
"mimeType": "image/jpeg",
"height": 193
},
"kqedFullSize": {
"file": "https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/13/2018/10/spinal.jpg",
"width": 849,
"height": 438
},
"guest-author-50": {
"file": "https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/13/2018/10/spinal-50x50.jpg",
"width": 50,
"mimeType": "image/jpeg",
"height": 50
},
"guest-author-96": {
"file": "https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/13/2018/10/spinal-96x96.jpg",
"width": 96,
"mimeType": "image/jpeg",
"height": 96
},
"medium": {
"file": "https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/13/2018/10/spinal-800x413.jpg",
"width": 800,
"mimeType": "image/jpeg",
"height": 413
},
"guest-author-64": {
"file": "https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/13/2018/10/spinal-64x64.jpg",
"width": 64,
"mimeType": "image/jpeg",
"height": 64
},
"guest-author-32": {
"file": "https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/13/2018/10/spinal-32x32.jpg",
"width": 32,
"mimeType": "image/jpeg",
"height": 32
},
"detail": {
"file": "https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/13/2018/10/spinal-150x150.jpg",
"width": 150,
"mimeType": "image/jpeg",
"height": 150
},
"medium_large": {
"file": "https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/13/2018/10/spinal-768x396.jpg",
"width": 768,
"mimeType": "image/jpeg",
"height": 396
},
"guest-author-128": {
"file": "https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/13/2018/10/spinal-128x128.jpg",
"width": 128,
"mimeType": "image/jpeg",
"height": 128
},
"xxsmall": {
"file": "https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/13/2018/10/spinal-240x124.jpg",
"width": 240,
"mimeType": "image/jpeg",
"height": 124
}
},
"publishDate": 1538430167,
"modified": 1538430382,
"caption": "A spinal cord injury left Jered Chinnock, 29, without motor control below the middle of his back. But an implanted electrode plus physical therapy has him walking about the length of a football field with the help of a walker.",
"description": null,
"title": "spinal",
"credit": "Mayo Clinic",
"status": "inherit",
"isLoading": false,
"fetchFailed": false
},
"futureofyou_444727": {
"type": "attachments",
"id": "futureofyou_444727",
"meta": {
"index": "attachments_1716263798",
"site": "futureofyou",
"id": "444727",
"found": true
},
"parent": 444725,
"imgSizes": {
"small": {
"file": "https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/13/2018/10/GettyImages-671033640-520x347.jpg",
"width": 520,
"mimeType": "image/jpeg",
"height": 347
},
"twentyfourteen-full-width": {
"file": "https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/13/2018/10/GettyImages-671033640-1038x576.jpg",
"width": 1038,
"mimeType": "image/jpeg",
"height": 576
},
"thumbnail": {
"file": "https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/13/2018/10/GettyImages-671033640-160x107.jpg",
"width": 160,
"mimeType": "image/jpeg",
"height": 107
},
"fd-sm": {
"file": "https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/13/2018/10/GettyImages-671033640-960x640.jpg",
"width": 960,
"mimeType": "image/jpeg",
"height": 640
},
"post-thumbnail": {
"file": "https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/13/2018/10/GettyImages-671033640-672x372.jpg",
"width": 672,
"mimeType": "image/jpeg",
"height": 372
},
"xsmall": {
"file": "https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/13/2018/10/GettyImages-671033640-375x250.jpg",
"width": 375,
"mimeType": "image/jpeg",
"height": 250
},
"kqedFullSize": {
"file": "https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/13/2018/10/GettyImages-671033640.jpg",
"width": 5472,
"height": 3648
},
"large": {
"file": "https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/13/2018/10/GettyImages-671033640-1020x680.jpg",
"width": 1020,
"mimeType": "image/jpeg",
"height": 680
},
"xlarge": {
"file": "https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/13/2018/10/GettyImages-671033640-1180x787.jpg",
"width": 1180,
"mimeType": "image/jpeg",
"height": 787
},
"complete_open_graph": {
"file": "https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/13/2018/10/GettyImages-671033640-1200x800.jpg",
"width": 1200,
"mimeType": "image/jpeg",
"height": 800
},
"guest-author-50": {
"file": "https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/13/2018/10/GettyImages-671033640-50x50.jpg",
"width": 50,
"mimeType": "image/jpeg",
"height": 50
},
"guest-author-96": {
"file": "https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/13/2018/10/GettyImages-671033640-96x96.jpg",
"width": 96,
"mimeType": "image/jpeg",
"height": 96
},
"medium": {
"file": "https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/13/2018/10/GettyImages-671033640-800x533.jpg",
"width": 800,
"mimeType": "image/jpeg",
"height": 533
},
"guest-author-64": {
"file": "https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/13/2018/10/GettyImages-671033640-64x64.jpg",
"width": 64,
"mimeType": "image/jpeg",
"height": 64
},
"guest-author-32": {
"file": "https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/13/2018/10/GettyImages-671033640-32x32.jpg",
"width": 32,
"mimeType": "image/jpeg",
"height": 32
},
"fd-lrg": {
"file": "https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/13/2018/10/GettyImages-671033640-1920x1280.jpg",
"width": 1920,
"mimeType": "image/jpeg",
"height": 1280
},
"fd-med": {
"file": "https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/13/2018/10/GettyImages-671033640-1180x787.jpg",
"width": 1180,
"mimeType": "image/jpeg",
"height": 787
},
"full-width": {
"file": "https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/13/2018/10/GettyImages-671033640-1920x1280.jpg",
"width": 1920,
"mimeType": "image/jpeg",
"height": 1280
},
"detail": {
"file": "https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/13/2018/10/GettyImages-671033640-150x150.jpg",
"width": 150,
"mimeType": "image/jpeg",
"height": 150
},
"medium_large": {
"file": "https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/13/2018/10/GettyImages-671033640-768x512.jpg",
"width": 768,
"mimeType": "image/jpeg",
"height": 512
},
"guest-author-128": {
"file": "https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/13/2018/10/GettyImages-671033640-128x128.jpg",
"width": 128,
"mimeType": "image/jpeg",
"height": 128
},
"xxsmall": {
"file": "https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/13/2018/10/GettyImages-671033640-240x160.jpg",
"width": 240,
"mimeType": "image/jpeg",
"height": 160
}
},
"publishDate": 1538426734,
"modified": 1538427403,
"caption": "A general view of the entrance to the CERN Computer / Data Centre at CERN, the World's Largest Particle Physics Laboratory on April 19, 2017 in Meyrin, Switzerland. CERN, the European Organization for Nuclear Research, said Monday that Alessandro Strumia of the University of Pisa was out of line during a talk he gave for a seminar on “High Energy Theory and Gender.” \n\n",
"description": null,
"title": "Behind The Scenes At CERN The World's Largest Particle Physics Laboratory",
"credit": "Dean Mouhtaropoulos/Getty Images",
"status": "inherit",
"isLoading": false,
"fetchFailed": false
},
"futureofyou_444717": {
"type": "attachments",
"id": "futureofyou_444717",
"meta": {
"index": "attachments_1716263798",
"site": "futureofyou",
"id": "444717",
"found": true
},
"parent": 444705,
"imgSizes": {
"small": {
"file": "https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/13/2018/10/Untitled2-520x249.png",
"width": 520,
"mimeType": "image/png",
"height": 249
},
"twentyfourteen-full-width": {
"file": "https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/13/2018/10/Untitled2-1038x562.png",
"width": 1038,
"mimeType": "image/png",
"height": 562
},
"thumbnail": {
"file": "https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/13/2018/10/Untitled2-160x77.png",
"width": 160,
"mimeType": "image/png",
"height": 77
},
"fd-sm": {
"file": "https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/13/2018/10/Untitled2-960x460.png",
"width": 960,
"mimeType": "image/png",
"height": 460
},
"post-thumbnail": {
"file": "https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/13/2018/10/Untitled2-672x372.png",
"width": 672,
"mimeType": "image/png",
"height": 372
},
"xsmall": {
"file": "https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/13/2018/10/Untitled2-375x180.png",
"width": 375,
"mimeType": "image/png",
"height": 180
},
"kqedFullSize": {
"file": "https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/13/2018/10/Untitled2.png",
"width": 1174,
"height": 562
},
"large": {
"file": "https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/13/2018/10/Untitled2-1020x488.png",
"width": 1020,
"mimeType": "image/png",
"height": 488
},
"guest-author-50": {
"file": "https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/13/2018/10/Untitled2-50x50.png",
"width": 50,
"mimeType": "image/png",
"height": 50
},
"guest-author-96": {
"file": "https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/13/2018/10/Untitled2-96x96.png",
"width": 96,
"mimeType": "image/png",
"height": 96
},
"medium": {
"file": "https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/13/2018/10/Untitled2-800x383.png",
"width": 800,
"mimeType": "image/png",
"height": 383
},
"guest-author-64": {
"file": "https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/13/2018/10/Untitled2-64x64.png",
"width": 64,
"mimeType": "image/png",
"height": 64
},
"guest-author-32": {
"file": "https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/13/2018/10/Untitled2-32x32.png",
"width": 32,
"mimeType": "image/png",
"height": 32
},
"detail": {
"file": "https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/13/2018/10/Untitled2-150x150.png",
"width": 150,
"mimeType": "image/png",
"height": 150
},
"medium_large": {
"file": "https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/13/2018/10/Untitled2-768x368.png",
"width": 768,
"mimeType": "image/png",
"height": 368
},
"guest-author-128": {
"file": "https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/13/2018/10/Untitled2-128x128.png",
"width": 128,
"mimeType": "image/png",
"height": 128
},
"xxsmall": {
"file": "https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/13/2018/10/Untitled2-240x115.png",
"width": 240,
"mimeType": "image/png",
"height": 115
}
},
"publishDate": 1538419499,
"modified": 1538419520,
"caption": null,
"description": "This combination created on October 1, 2018 of a file picture taken on September 18, 2014 in Taipeh shows Tasuku Honjo (L) of Japan and James P Allison (R) of the US. - James P Allison of the US and Tasuku Honjo of Japan won the 2018 Nobel Medicine Prize for research that has revolutionised the treatment of cancer, the jury said on October 1, 2018. ",
"title": "Untitled2",
"credit": null,
"status": "inherit",
"isLoading": false,
"fetchFailed": false
},
"futureofyou_444671": {
"type": "attachments",
"id": "futureofyou_444671",
"meta": {
"index": "attachments_1716263798",
"site": "futureofyou",
"id": "444671",
"found": true
},
"parent": 444670,
"imgSizes": {
"small": {
"file": "https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/13/2018/09/dr-ford-and-memory_enl-2a1ebe83ba4b80c856b65e9eb3946982d3c9f823-520x344.jpg",
"width": 520,
"mimeType": "image/jpeg",
"height": 344
},
"twentyfourteen-full-width": {
"file": "https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/13/2018/09/dr-ford-and-memory_enl-2a1ebe83ba4b80c856b65e9eb3946982d3c9f823-1038x576.jpg",
"width": 1038,
"mimeType": "image/jpeg",
"height": 576
},
"thumbnail": {
"file": "https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/13/2018/09/dr-ford-and-memory_enl-2a1ebe83ba4b80c856b65e9eb3946982d3c9f823-160x106.jpg",
"width": 160,
"mimeType": "image/jpeg",
"height": 106
},
"fd-sm": {
"file": "https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/13/2018/09/dr-ford-and-memory_enl-2a1ebe83ba4b80c856b65e9eb3946982d3c9f823-960x635.jpg",
"width": 960,
"mimeType": "image/jpeg",
"height": 635
},
"post-thumbnail": {
"file": "https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/13/2018/09/dr-ford-and-memory_enl-2a1ebe83ba4b80c856b65e9eb3946982d3c9f823-672x372.jpg",
"width": 672,
"mimeType": "image/jpeg",
"height": 372
},
"xsmall": {
"file": "https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/13/2018/09/dr-ford-and-memory_enl-2a1ebe83ba4b80c856b65e9eb3946982d3c9f823-375x248.jpg",
"width": 375,
"mimeType": "image/jpeg",
"height": 248
},
"kqedFullSize": {
"file": "https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/13/2018/09/dr-ford-and-memory_enl-2a1ebe83ba4b80c856b65e9eb3946982d3c9f823.jpg",
"width": 1996,
"height": 1321
},
"large": {
"file": "https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/13/2018/09/dr-ford-and-memory_enl-2a1ebe83ba4b80c856b65e9eb3946982d3c9f823-1020x675.jpg",
"width": 1020,
"mimeType": "image/jpeg",
"height": 675
},
"xlarge": {
"file": "https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/13/2018/09/dr-ford-and-memory_enl-2a1ebe83ba4b80c856b65e9eb3946982d3c9f823-1180x781.jpg",
"width": 1180,
"mimeType": "image/jpeg",
"height": 781
},
"complete_open_graph": {
"file": "https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/13/2018/09/dr-ford-and-memory_enl-2a1ebe83ba4b80c856b65e9eb3946982d3c9f823-1200x794.jpg",
"width": 1200,
"mimeType": "image/jpeg",
"height": 794
},
"guest-author-50": {
"file": "https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/13/2018/09/dr-ford-and-memory_enl-2a1ebe83ba4b80c856b65e9eb3946982d3c9f823-50x50.jpg",
"width": 50,
"mimeType": "image/jpeg",
"height": 50
},
"guest-author-96": {
"file": "https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/13/2018/09/dr-ford-and-memory_enl-2a1ebe83ba4b80c856b65e9eb3946982d3c9f823-96x96.jpg",
"width": 96,
"mimeType": "image/jpeg",
"height": 96
},
"medium": {
"file": "https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/13/2018/09/dr-ford-and-memory_enl-2a1ebe83ba4b80c856b65e9eb3946982d3c9f823-800x529.jpg",
"width": 800,
"mimeType": "image/jpeg",
"height": 529
},
"guest-author-64": {
"file": "https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/13/2018/09/dr-ford-and-memory_enl-2a1ebe83ba4b80c856b65e9eb3946982d3c9f823-64x64.jpg",
"width": 64,
"mimeType": "image/jpeg",
"height": 64
},
"guest-author-32": {
"file": "https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/13/2018/09/dr-ford-and-memory_enl-2a1ebe83ba4b80c856b65e9eb3946982d3c9f823-32x32.jpg",
"width": 32,
"mimeType": "image/jpeg",
"height": 32
},
"fd-lrg": {
"file": "https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/13/2018/09/dr-ford-and-memory_enl-2a1ebe83ba4b80c856b65e9eb3946982d3c9f823-1920x1271.jpg",
"width": 1920,
"mimeType": "image/jpeg",
"height": 1271
},
"fd-med": {
"file": "https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/13/2018/09/dr-ford-and-memory_enl-2a1ebe83ba4b80c856b65e9eb3946982d3c9f823-1180x781.jpg",
"width": 1180,
"mimeType": "image/jpeg",
"height": 781
},
"full-width": {
"file": "https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/13/2018/09/dr-ford-and-memory_enl-2a1ebe83ba4b80c856b65e9eb3946982d3c9f823-1920x1271.jpg",
"width": 1920,
"mimeType": "image/jpeg",
"height": 1271
},
"detail": {
"file": "https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/13/2018/09/dr-ford-and-memory_enl-2a1ebe83ba4b80c856b65e9eb3946982d3c9f823-150x150.jpg",
"width": 150,
"mimeType": "image/jpeg",
"height": 150
},
"medium_large": {
"file": "https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/13/2018/09/dr-ford-and-memory_enl-2a1ebe83ba4b80c856b65e9eb3946982d3c9f823-768x508.jpg",
"width": 768,
"mimeType": "image/jpeg",
"height": 508
},
"guest-author-128": {
"file": "https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/13/2018/09/dr-ford-and-memory_enl-2a1ebe83ba4b80c856b65e9eb3946982d3c9f823-128x128.jpg",
"width": 128,
"mimeType": "image/jpeg",
"height": 128
},
"xxsmall": {
"file": "https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/13/2018/09/dr-ford-and-memory_enl-2a1ebe83ba4b80c856b65e9eb3946982d3c9f823-240x159.jpg",
"width": 240,
"mimeType": "image/jpeg",
"height": 159
}
},
"publishDate": 1538162809,
"modified": 1538162809,
"caption": null,
"description": "Christine Blasey Ford is sworn in before testifying to the Senate Judiciary Committee on Capitol Hill Sept. 27, 2018 in Washington, D.C.",
"title": "Christine Blasey Ford is sworn in before testifying to the Senate Judiciary Committee on Capitol Hill Sept. 27, 2018 in Washington, D.C.",
"credit": null,
"status": "inherit",
"isLoading": false,
"fetchFailed": false
},
"futureofyou_444642": {
"type": "attachments",
"id": "futureofyou_444642",
"meta": {
"index": "attachments_1716263798",
"site": "futureofyou",
"id": "444642",
"found": true
},
"parent": 444641,
"imgSizes": {
"small": {
"file": "https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/13/2018/09/gettyimages-1019985912-e04f7beb45ca145138151c849e5b6e1619f68496-520x390.jpg",
"width": 520,
"mimeType": "image/jpeg",
"height": 390
},
"twentyfourteen-full-width": {
"file": "https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/13/2018/09/gettyimages-1019985912-e04f7beb45ca145138151c849e5b6e1619f68496-1038x576.jpg",
"width": 1038,
"mimeType": "image/jpeg",
"height": 576
},
"thumbnail": {
"file": "https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/13/2018/09/gettyimages-1019985912-e04f7beb45ca145138151c849e5b6e1619f68496-160x120.jpg",
"width": 160,
"mimeType": "image/jpeg",
"height": 120
},
"fd-sm": {
"file": "https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/13/2018/09/gettyimages-1019985912-e04f7beb45ca145138151c849e5b6e1619f68496-960x720.jpg",
"width": 960,
"mimeType": "image/jpeg",
"height": 720
},
"post-thumbnail": {
"file": "https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/13/2018/09/gettyimages-1019985912-e04f7beb45ca145138151c849e5b6e1619f68496-672x372.jpg",
"width": 672,
"mimeType": "image/jpeg",
"height": 372
},
"xsmall": {
"file": "https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/13/2018/09/gettyimages-1019985912-e04f7beb45ca145138151c849e5b6e1619f68496-375x281.jpg",
"width": 375,
"mimeType": "image/jpeg",
"height": 281
},
"kqedFullSize": {
"file": "https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/13/2018/09/gettyimages-1019985912-e04f7beb45ca145138151c849e5b6e1619f68496.jpg",
"width": 1899,
"height": 1424
},
"large": {
"file": "https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/13/2018/09/gettyimages-1019985912-e04f7beb45ca145138151c849e5b6e1619f68496-1020x765.jpg",
"width": 1020,
"mimeType": "image/jpeg",
"height": 765
},
"xlarge": {
"file": "https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/13/2018/09/gettyimages-1019985912-e04f7beb45ca145138151c849e5b6e1619f68496-1180x885.jpg",
"width": 1180,
"mimeType": "image/jpeg",
"height": 885
},
"complete_open_graph": {
"file": "https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/13/2018/09/gettyimages-1019985912-e04f7beb45ca145138151c849e5b6e1619f68496-1200x900.jpg",
"width": 1200,
"mimeType": "image/jpeg",
"height": 900
},
"guest-author-50": {
"file": "https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/13/2018/09/gettyimages-1019985912-e04f7beb45ca145138151c849e5b6e1619f68496-50x50.jpg",
"width": 50,
"mimeType": "image/jpeg",
"height": 50
},
"guest-author-96": {
"file": "https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/13/2018/09/gettyimages-1019985912-e04f7beb45ca145138151c849e5b6e1619f68496-96x96.jpg",
"width": 96,
"mimeType": "image/jpeg",
"height": 96
},
"medium": {
"file": "https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/13/2018/09/gettyimages-1019985912-e04f7beb45ca145138151c849e5b6e1619f68496-800x600.jpg",
"width": 800,
"mimeType": "image/jpeg",
"height": 600
},
"guest-author-64": {
"file": "https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/13/2018/09/gettyimages-1019985912-e04f7beb45ca145138151c849e5b6e1619f68496-64x64.jpg",
"width": 64,
"mimeType": "image/jpeg",
"height": 64
},
"guest-author-32": {
"file": "https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/13/2018/09/gettyimages-1019985912-e04f7beb45ca145138151c849e5b6e1619f68496-32x32.jpg",
"width": 32,
"mimeType": "image/jpeg",
"height": 32
},
"fd-med": {
"file": "https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/13/2018/09/gettyimages-1019985912-e04f7beb45ca145138151c849e5b6e1619f68496-1180x885.jpg",
"width": 1180,
"mimeType": "image/jpeg",
"height": 885
},
"detail": {
"file": "https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/13/2018/09/gettyimages-1019985912-e04f7beb45ca145138151c849e5b6e1619f68496-150x150.jpg",
"width": 150,
"mimeType": "image/jpeg",
"height": 150
},
"medium_large": {
"file": "https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/13/2018/09/gettyimages-1019985912-e04f7beb45ca145138151c849e5b6e1619f68496-768x576.jpg",
"width": 768,
"mimeType": "image/jpeg",
"height": 576
},
"guest-author-128": {
"file": "https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/13/2018/09/gettyimages-1019985912-e04f7beb45ca145138151c849e5b6e1619f68496-128x128.jpg",
"width": 128,
"mimeType": "image/jpeg",
"height": 128
},
"xxsmall": {
"file": "https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/13/2018/09/gettyimages-1019985912-e04f7beb45ca145138151c849e5b6e1619f68496-240x180.jpg",
"width": 240,
"mimeType": "image/jpeg",
"height": 180
}
},
"publishDate": 1538074009,
"modified": 1538074009,
"caption": null,
"description": "A conservative think tank said that the Health and Human Services announcement doesn't go far enough and that Secretary Alex Azar \"should redirect those funds to modern science and better alternatives.",
"title": "A conservative think tank said that the Health and Human Services announcement doesn't go far enough and that Secretary Alex Azar \"should redirect those funds to modern science and better alternatives.\"",
"credit": null,
"status": "inherit",
"isLoading": false,
"fetchFailed": false
},
"futureofyou_444626": {
"type": "attachments",
"id": "futureofyou_444626",
"meta": {
"index": "attachments_1716263798",
"site": "futureofyou",
"id": "444626",
"found": true
},
"parent": 444621,
"imgSizes": {
"small": {
"file": "https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/13/2018/09/GettyImages-982303062-1-520x347.jpg",
"width": 520,
"mimeType": "image/jpeg",
"height": 347
},
"twentyfourteen-full-width": {
"file": "https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/13/2018/09/GettyImages-982303062-1-1038x576.jpg",
"width": 1038,
"mimeType": "image/jpeg",
"height": 576
},
"thumbnail": {
"file": "https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/13/2018/09/GettyImages-982303062-1-160x107.jpg",
"width": 160,
"mimeType": "image/jpeg",
"height": 107
},
"fd-sm": {
"file": "https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/13/2018/09/GettyImages-982303062-1-960x640.jpg",
"width": 960,
"mimeType": "image/jpeg",
"height": 640
},
"post-thumbnail": {
"file": "https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/13/2018/09/GettyImages-982303062-1-672x372.jpg",
"width": 672,
"mimeType": "image/jpeg",
"height": 372
},
"xsmall": {
"file": "https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/13/2018/09/GettyImages-982303062-1-375x250.jpg",
"width": 375,
"mimeType": "image/jpeg",
"height": 250
},
"kqedFullSize": {
"file": "https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/13/2018/09/GettyImages-982303062-1.jpg",
"width": 5141,
"height": 3427
},
"large": {
"file": "https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/13/2018/09/GettyImages-982303062-1-1020x680.jpg",
"width": 1020,
"mimeType": "image/jpeg",
"height": 680
},
"xlarge": {
"file": "https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/13/2018/09/GettyImages-982303062-1-1180x787.jpg",
"width": 1180,
"mimeType": "image/jpeg",
"height": 787
},
"complete_open_graph": {
"file": "https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/13/2018/09/GettyImages-982303062-1-1200x800.jpg",
"width": 1200,
"mimeType": "image/jpeg",
"height": 800
},
"guest-author-50": {
"file": "https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/13/2018/09/GettyImages-982303062-1-50x50.jpg",
"width": 50,
"mimeType": "image/jpeg",
"height": 50
},
"guest-author-96": {
"file": "https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/13/2018/09/GettyImages-982303062-1-96x96.jpg",
"width": 96,
"mimeType": "image/jpeg",
"height": 96
},
"medium": {
"file": "https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/13/2018/09/GettyImages-982303062-1-800x533.jpg",
"width": 800,
"mimeType": "image/jpeg",
"height": 533
},
"guest-author-64": {
"file": "https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/13/2018/09/GettyImages-982303062-1-64x64.jpg",
"width": 64,
"mimeType": "image/jpeg",
"height": 64
},
"guest-author-32": {
"file": "https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/13/2018/09/GettyImages-982303062-1-32x32.jpg",
"width": 32,
"mimeType": "image/jpeg",
"height": 32
},
"fd-lrg": {
"file": "https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/13/2018/09/GettyImages-982303062-1-1920x1280.jpg",
"width": 1920,
"mimeType": "image/jpeg",
"height": 1280
},
"fd-med": {
"file": "https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/13/2018/09/GettyImages-982303062-1-1180x787.jpg",
"width": 1180,
"mimeType": "image/jpeg",
"height": 787
},
"full-width": {
"file": "https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/13/2018/09/GettyImages-982303062-1-1920x1280.jpg",
"width": 1920,
"mimeType": "image/jpeg",
"height": 1280
},
"detail": {
"file": "https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/13/2018/09/GettyImages-982303062-1-150x150.jpg",
"width": 150,
"mimeType": "image/jpeg",
"height": 150
},
"medium_large": {
"file": "https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/13/2018/09/GettyImages-982303062-1-768x512.jpg",
"width": 768,
"mimeType": "image/jpeg",
"height": 512
},
"guest-author-128": {
"file": "https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/13/2018/09/GettyImages-982303062-1-128x128.jpg",
"width": 128,
"mimeType": "image/jpeg",
"height": 128
},
"xxsmall": {
"file": "https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/13/2018/09/GettyImages-982303062-1-240x160.jpg",
"width": 240,
"mimeType": "image/jpeg",
"height": 160
}
},
"publishDate": 1538000195,
"modified": 1538000325,
"caption": "A man undergoes a rapid VIH test during the Gay Pride Parade in Santiago on June 23, 2018. ",
"description": null,
"title": "DOUNIAMAG-CHILE-GAY-PRIDE-PARADE-AIDS-TEST",
"credit": "CLAUDIO REYES/AFP/Getty Images",
"status": "inherit",
"isLoading": false,
"fetchFailed": false
},
"futureofyou_444601": {
"type": "attachments",
"id": "futureofyou_444601",
"meta": {
"index": "attachments_1716263798",
"site": "futureofyou",
"id": "444601",
"found": true
},
"parent": 444598,
"imgSizes": {
"small": {
"file": "https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/13/2018/09/girlonphone_custom-df56979e0cd7e12c5e749b66647fcbbf0251ab67-s800-c85-520x316.jpg",
"width": 520,
"mimeType": "image/jpeg",
"height": 316
},
"thumbnail": {
"file": "https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/13/2018/09/girlonphone_custom-df56979e0cd7e12c5e749b66647fcbbf0251ab67-s800-c85-160x97.jpg",
"width": 160,
"mimeType": "image/jpeg",
"height": 97
},
"post-thumbnail": {
"file": "https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/13/2018/09/girlonphone_custom-df56979e0cd7e12c5e749b66647fcbbf0251ab67-s800-c85-672x372.jpg",
"width": 672,
"mimeType": "image/jpeg",
"height": 372
},
"xsmall": {
"file": "https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/13/2018/09/girlonphone_custom-df56979e0cd7e12c5e749b66647fcbbf0251ab67-s800-c85-375x228.jpg",
"width": 375,
"mimeType": "image/jpeg",
"height": 228
},
"kqedFullSize": {
"file": "https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/13/2018/09/girlonphone_custom-df56979e0cd7e12c5e749b66647fcbbf0251ab67-s800-c85.jpg",
"width": 800,
"height": 486
},
"guest-author-50": {
"file": "https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/13/2018/09/girlonphone_custom-df56979e0cd7e12c5e749b66647fcbbf0251ab67-s800-c85-50x50.jpg",
"width": 50,
"mimeType": "image/jpeg",
"height": 50
},
"guest-author-96": {
"file": "https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/13/2018/09/girlonphone_custom-df56979e0cd7e12c5e749b66647fcbbf0251ab67-s800-c85-96x96.jpg",
"width": 96,
"mimeType": "image/jpeg",
"height": 96
},
"medium": {
"file": "https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/13/2018/09/girlonphone_custom-df56979e0cd7e12c5e749b66647fcbbf0251ab67-s800-c85-800x486.jpg",
"width": 800,
"mimeType": "image/jpeg",
"height": 486
},
"guest-author-64": {
"file": "https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/13/2018/09/girlonphone_custom-df56979e0cd7e12c5e749b66647fcbbf0251ab67-s800-c85-64x64.jpg",
"width": 64,
"mimeType": "image/jpeg",
"height": 64
},
"guest-author-32": {
"file": "https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/13/2018/09/girlonphone_custom-df56979e0cd7e12c5e749b66647fcbbf0251ab67-s800-c85-32x32.jpg",
"width": 32,
"mimeType": "image/jpeg",
"height": 32
},
"detail": {
"file": "https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/13/2018/09/girlonphone_custom-df56979e0cd7e12c5e749b66647fcbbf0251ab67-s800-c85-150x150.jpg",
"width": 150,
"mimeType": "image/jpeg",
"height": 150
},
"medium_large": {
"file": "https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/13/2018/09/girlonphone_custom-df56979e0cd7e12c5e749b66647fcbbf0251ab67-s800-c85-768x467.jpg",
"width": 768,
"mimeType": "image/jpeg",
"height": 467
},
"guest-author-128": {
"file": "https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/13/2018/09/girlonphone_custom-df56979e0cd7e12c5e749b66647fcbbf0251ab67-s800-c85-128x128.jpg",
"width": 128,
"mimeType": "image/jpeg",
"height": 128
},
"xxsmall": {
"file": "https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/13/2018/09/girlonphone_custom-df56979e0cd7e12c5e749b66647fcbbf0251ab67-s800-c85-240x146.jpg",
"width": 240,
"mimeType": "image/jpeg",
"height": 146
}
},
"publishDate": 1537758885,
"modified": 1537758909,
"caption": "Of parents who tell pollsters their teens have trouble sleeping, 23 percent say the kids are waking up at night worried about their social lives. A third are worried about school. All-night access to electronic devices only aggravates the problem, sleep scientists say.\n",
"description": null,
"title": "girlonphone_custom-df56979e0cd7e12c5e749b66647fcbbf0251ab67-s800-c85",
"credit": "3photo/Getty Images",
"status": "inherit",
"isLoading": false,
"fetchFailed": false
},
"futureofyou_444537": {
"type": "attachments",
"id": "futureofyou_444537",
"meta": {
"index": "attachments_1716263798",
"site": "futureofyou",
"id": "444537",
"found": true
},
"parent": 444536,
"imgSizes": {
"small": {
"file": "https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/13/2018/09/checkup_enl-02ba99e3c5cf6a4d7f507dec62d4a6aa07498e53-520x345.jpg",
"width": 520,
"mimeType": "image/jpeg",
"height": 345
},
"twentyfourteen-full-width": {
"file": "https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/13/2018/09/checkup_enl-02ba99e3c5cf6a4d7f507dec62d4a6aa07498e53-1038x576.jpg",
"width": 1038,
"mimeType": "image/jpeg",
"height": 576
},
"thumbnail": {
"file": "https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/13/2018/09/checkup_enl-02ba99e3c5cf6a4d7f507dec62d4a6aa07498e53-160x106.jpg",
"width": 160,
"mimeType": "image/jpeg",
"height": 106
},
"fd-sm": {
"file": "https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/13/2018/09/checkup_enl-02ba99e3c5cf6a4d7f507dec62d4a6aa07498e53-960x637.jpg",
"width": 960,
"mimeType": "image/jpeg",
"height": 637
},
"post-thumbnail": {
"file": "https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/13/2018/09/checkup_enl-02ba99e3c5cf6a4d7f507dec62d4a6aa07498e53-672x372.jpg",
"width": 672,
"mimeType": "image/jpeg",
"height": 372
},
"xsmall": {
"file": "https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/13/2018/09/checkup_enl-02ba99e3c5cf6a4d7f507dec62d4a6aa07498e53-375x249.jpg",
"width": 375,
"mimeType": "image/jpeg",
"height": 249
},
"kqedFullSize": {
"file": "https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/13/2018/09/checkup_enl-02ba99e3c5cf6a4d7f507dec62d4a6aa07498e53.jpg",
"width": 2000,
"height": 1328
},
"large": {
"file": "https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/13/2018/09/checkup_enl-02ba99e3c5cf6a4d7f507dec62d4a6aa07498e53-1020x677.jpg",
"width": 1020,
"mimeType": "image/jpeg",
"height": 677
},
"xlarge": {
"file": "https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/13/2018/09/checkup_enl-02ba99e3c5cf6a4d7f507dec62d4a6aa07498e53-1180x784.jpg",
"width": 1180,
"mimeType": "image/jpeg",
"height": 784
},
"complete_open_graph": {
"file": "https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/13/2018/09/checkup_enl-02ba99e3c5cf6a4d7f507dec62d4a6aa07498e53-1200x797.jpg",
"width": 1200,
"mimeType": "image/jpeg",
"height": 797
},
"guest-author-50": {
"file": "https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/13/2018/09/checkup_enl-02ba99e3c5cf6a4d7f507dec62d4a6aa07498e53-50x50.jpg",
"width": 50,
"mimeType": "image/jpeg",
"height": 50
},
"guest-author-96": {
"file": "https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/13/2018/09/checkup_enl-02ba99e3c5cf6a4d7f507dec62d4a6aa07498e53-96x96.jpg",
"width": 96,
"mimeType": "image/jpeg",
"height": 96
},
"medium": {
"file": "https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/13/2018/09/checkup_enl-02ba99e3c5cf6a4d7f507dec62d4a6aa07498e53-800x531.jpg",
"width": 800,
"mimeType": "image/jpeg",
"height": 531
},
"guest-author-64": {
"file": "https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/13/2018/09/checkup_enl-02ba99e3c5cf6a4d7f507dec62d4a6aa07498e53-64x64.jpg",
"width": 64,
"mimeType": "image/jpeg",
"height": 64
},
"guest-author-32": {
"file": "https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/13/2018/09/checkup_enl-02ba99e3c5cf6a4d7f507dec62d4a6aa07498e53-32x32.jpg",
"width": 32,
"mimeType": "image/jpeg",
"height": 32
},
"fd-lrg": {
"file": "https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/13/2018/09/checkup_enl-02ba99e3c5cf6a4d7f507dec62d4a6aa07498e53-1920x1275.jpg",
"width": 1920,
"mimeType": "image/jpeg",
"height": 1275
},
"fd-med": {
"file": "https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/13/2018/09/checkup_enl-02ba99e3c5cf6a4d7f507dec62d4a6aa07498e53-1180x784.jpg",
"width": 1180,
"mimeType": "image/jpeg",
"height": 784
},
"full-width": {
"file": "https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/13/2018/09/checkup_enl-02ba99e3c5cf6a4d7f507dec62d4a6aa07498e53-1920x1275.jpg",
"width": 1920,
"mimeType": "image/jpeg",
"height": 1275
},
"detail": {
"file": "https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/13/2018/09/checkup_enl-02ba99e3c5cf6a4d7f507dec62d4a6aa07498e53-150x150.jpg",
"width": 150,
"mimeType": "image/jpeg",
"height": 150
},
"medium_large": {
"file": "https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/13/2018/09/checkup_enl-02ba99e3c5cf6a4d7f507dec62d4a6aa07498e53-768x510.jpg",
"width": 768,
"mimeType": "image/jpeg",
"height": 510
},
"guest-author-128": {
"file": "https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/13/2018/09/checkup_enl-02ba99e3c5cf6a4d7f507dec62d4a6aa07498e53-128x128.jpg",
"width": 128,
"mimeType": "image/jpeg",
"height": 128
},
"xxsmall": {
"file": "https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/13/2018/09/checkup_enl-02ba99e3c5cf6a4d7f507dec62d4a6aa07498e53-240x159.jpg",
"width": 240,
"mimeType": "image/jpeg",
"height": 159
}
},
"publishDate": 1537434542,
"modified": 1537434719,
"caption": "A Swiss study tracking the health of a group of children conceived via assisted reproductive technology found that a surprising number developed premature aging of their blood vessels. Now in their teens, 15 percent have hypertension.\n",
"description": "A Swiss study tracking the health of a group of children conceived via assisted reproductive technology found that a surprising number developed premature aging of their blood vessels. Now in their teens, 15 percent have hypertension.",
"title": "A Swiss study tracking the health of a group of children conceived via assisted reproductive technology found that a surprising number developed premature aging of their blood vessels. Now in their teens, 15 percent have hypertension.",
"credit": "Steve Debenport/Getty Images",
"status": "inherit",
"isLoading": false,
"fetchFailed": false
},
"futureofyou_444513": {
"type": "attachments",
"id": "futureofyou_444513",
"meta": {
"index": "attachments_1716263798",
"site": "futureofyou",
"id": "444513",
"found": true
},
"parent": 444510,
"imgSizes": {
"small": {
"file": "https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/13/2018/09/canna-bus_5_1350-520x347.jpg",
"width": 520,
"mimeType": "image/jpeg",
"height": 347
},
"twentyfourteen-full-width": {
"file": "https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/13/2018/09/canna-bus_5_1350-1024x576.jpg",
"width": 1024,
"mimeType": "image/jpeg",
"height": 576
},
"thumbnail": {
"file": "https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/13/2018/09/canna-bus_5_1350-160x107.jpg",
"width": 160,
"mimeType": "image/jpeg",
"height": 107
},
"fd-sm": {
"file": "https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/13/2018/09/canna-bus_5_1350-960x640.jpg",
"width": 960,
"mimeType": "image/jpeg",
"height": 640
},
"post-thumbnail": {
"file": "https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/13/2018/09/canna-bus_5_1350-672x372.jpg",
"width": 672,
"mimeType": "image/jpeg",
"height": 372
},
"xsmall": {
"file": "https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/13/2018/09/canna-bus_5_1350-375x250.jpg",
"width": 375,
"mimeType": "image/jpeg",
"height": 250
},
"kqedFullSize": {
"file": "https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/13/2018/09/canna-bus_5_1350.jpg",
"width": 1024,
"height": 683
},
"large": {
"file": "https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/13/2018/09/canna-bus_5_1350-1020x680.jpg",
"width": 1020,
"mimeType": "image/jpeg",
"height": 680
},
"guest-author-50": {
"file": "https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/13/2018/09/canna-bus_5_1350-50x50.jpg",
"width": 50,
"mimeType": "image/jpeg",
"height": 50
},
"guest-author-96": {
"file": "https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/13/2018/09/canna-bus_5_1350-96x96.jpg",
"width": 96,
"mimeType": "image/jpeg",
"height": 96
},
"medium": {
"file": "https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/13/2018/09/canna-bus_5_1350-800x534.jpg",
"width": 800,
"mimeType": "image/jpeg",
"height": 534
},
"guest-author-64": {
"file": "https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/13/2018/09/canna-bus_5_1350-64x64.jpg",
"width": 64,
"mimeType": "image/jpeg",
"height": 64
},
"guest-author-32": {
"file": "https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/13/2018/09/canna-bus_5_1350-32x32.jpg",
"width": 32,
"mimeType": "image/jpeg",
"height": 32
},
"detail": {
"file": "https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/13/2018/09/canna-bus_5_1350-150x150.jpg",
"width": 150,
"mimeType": "image/jpeg",
"height": 150
},
"medium_large": {
"file": "https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/13/2018/09/canna-bus_5_1350-768x512.jpg",
"width": 768,
"mimeType": "image/jpeg",
"height": 512
},
"guest-author-128": {
"file": "https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/13/2018/09/canna-bus_5_1350-128x128.jpg",
"width": 128,
"mimeType": "image/jpeg",
"height": 128
},
"xxsmall": {
"file": "https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/13/2018/09/canna-bus_5_1350-240x160.jpg",
"width": 240,
"mimeType": "image/jpeg",
"height": 160
}
},
"publishDate": 1537343909,
"modified": 1537343935,
"caption": "Megan Baker (left) of Papa & Barkley Co., a cannabis company based in Eureka, Calif., shows Shirley Avedon different products intended to help with pain relief. ",
"description": null,
"title": "cannabus",
"credit": "Stephanie O’Neill/KHN",
"status": "inherit",
"isLoading": false,
"fetchFailed": false
},
"futureofyou_444505": {
"type": "attachments",
"id": "futureofyou_444505",
"meta": {
"index": "attachments_1716263798",
"site": "futureofyou",
"id": "444505",
"found": true
},
"parent": 444504,
"imgSizes": {
"small": {
"file": "https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/13/2018/09/thumb1-c4bdcd996918df599ed37e3511e45ca3304b1bdf-520x390.jpg",
"width": 520,
"mimeType": "image/jpeg",
"height": 390
},
"twentyfourteen-full-width": {
"file": "https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/13/2018/09/thumb1-c4bdcd996918df599ed37e3511e45ca3304b1bdf-1038x576.jpg",
"width": 1038,
"mimeType": "image/jpeg",
"height": 576
},
"thumbnail": {
"file": "https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/13/2018/09/thumb1-c4bdcd996918df599ed37e3511e45ca3304b1bdf-160x120.jpg",
"width": 160,
"mimeType": "image/jpeg",
"height": 120
},
"fd-sm": {
"file": "https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/13/2018/09/thumb1-c4bdcd996918df599ed37e3511e45ca3304b1bdf-960x720.jpg",
"width": 960,
"mimeType": "image/jpeg",
"height": 720
},
"post-thumbnail": {
"file": "https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/13/2018/09/thumb1-c4bdcd996918df599ed37e3511e45ca3304b1bdf-672x372.jpg",
"width": 672,
"mimeType": "image/jpeg",
"height": 372
},
"xsmall": {
"file": "https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/13/2018/09/thumb1-c4bdcd996918df599ed37e3511e45ca3304b1bdf-375x281.jpg",
"width": 375,
"mimeType": "image/jpeg",
"height": 281
},
"kqedFullSize": {
"file": "https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/13/2018/09/thumb1-c4bdcd996918df599ed37e3511e45ca3304b1bdf.jpg",
"width": 1121,
"height": 841
},
"large": {
"file": "https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/13/2018/09/thumb1-c4bdcd996918df599ed37e3511e45ca3304b1bdf-1020x765.jpg",
"width": 1020,
"mimeType": "image/jpeg",
"height": 765
},
"guest-author-50": {
"file": "https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/13/2018/09/thumb1-c4bdcd996918df599ed37e3511e45ca3304b1bdf-50x50.jpg",
"width": 50,
"mimeType": "image/jpeg",
"height": 50
},
"guest-author-96": {
"file": "https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/13/2018/09/thumb1-c4bdcd996918df599ed37e3511e45ca3304b1bdf-96x96.jpg",
"width": 96,
"mimeType": "image/jpeg",
"height": 96
},
"medium": {
"file": "https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/13/2018/09/thumb1-c4bdcd996918df599ed37e3511e45ca3304b1bdf-800x600.jpg",
"width": 800,
"mimeType": "image/jpeg",
"height": 600
},
"guest-author-64": {
"file": "https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/13/2018/09/thumb1-c4bdcd996918df599ed37e3511e45ca3304b1bdf-64x64.jpg",
"width": 64,
"mimeType": "image/jpeg",
"height": 64
},
"guest-author-32": {
"file": "https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/13/2018/09/thumb1-c4bdcd996918df599ed37e3511e45ca3304b1bdf-32x32.jpg",
"width": 32,
"mimeType": "image/jpeg",
"height": 32
},
"detail": {
"file": "https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/13/2018/09/thumb1-c4bdcd996918df599ed37e3511e45ca3304b1bdf-150x150.jpg",
"width": 150,
"mimeType": "image/jpeg",
"height": 150
},
"medium_large": {
"file": "https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/13/2018/09/thumb1-c4bdcd996918df599ed37e3511e45ca3304b1bdf-768x576.jpg",
"width": 768,
"mimeType": "image/jpeg",
"height": 576
},
"guest-author-128": {
"file": "https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/13/2018/09/thumb1-c4bdcd996918df599ed37e3511e45ca3304b1bdf-128x128.jpg",
"width": 128,
"mimeType": "image/jpeg",
"height": 128
},
"xxsmall": {
"file": "https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/13/2018/09/thumb1-c4bdcd996918df599ed37e3511e45ca3304b1bdf-240x180.jpg",
"width": 240,
"mimeType": "image/jpeg",
"height": 180
}
},
"publishDate": 1537342591,
"modified": 1537342997,
"caption": "Dessa went looking for the source of love in her brain, and then turned to the frontiers of neuroscience to try and heal a broken heart.",
"description": "Dessa went looking for the source of love in her brain, and then turned to the frontiers of neuroscience to try and heal a broken heart.",
"title": "Dessa went looking for the source of love in her brain, and then turned to the frontiers of neuroscience to try and heal a broken heart.",
"credit": "NPR",
"status": "inherit",
"isLoading": false,
"fetchFailed": false
},
"futureofyou_444470": {
"type": "attachments",
"id": "futureofyou_444470",
"meta": {
"index": "attachments_1716263798",
"site": "futureofyou",
"id": "444470",
"found": true
},
"parent": 444469,
"imgSizes": {
"small": {
"file": "https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/13/2018/09/asprin_enl-3bb4cdd29b7b6c403a1c37565d19e2a6406b66bd-520x346.jpg",
"width": 520,
"mimeType": "image/jpeg",
"height": 346
},
"twentyfourteen-full-width": {
"file": "https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/13/2018/09/asprin_enl-3bb4cdd29b7b6c403a1c37565d19e2a6406b66bd-1038x576.jpg",
"width": 1038,
"mimeType": "image/jpeg",
"height": 576
},
"thumbnail": {
"file": "https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/13/2018/09/asprin_enl-3bb4cdd29b7b6c403a1c37565d19e2a6406b66bd-160x106.jpg",
"width": 160,
"mimeType": "image/jpeg",
"height": 106
},
"fd-sm": {
"file": "https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/13/2018/09/asprin_enl-3bb4cdd29b7b6c403a1c37565d19e2a6406b66bd-960x639.jpg",
"width": 960,
"mimeType": "image/jpeg",
"height": 639
},
"post-thumbnail": {
"file": "https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/13/2018/09/asprin_enl-3bb4cdd29b7b6c403a1c37565d19e2a6406b66bd-672x372.jpg",
"width": 672,
"mimeType": "image/jpeg",
"height": 372
},
"xsmall": {
"file": "https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/13/2018/09/asprin_enl-3bb4cdd29b7b6c403a1c37565d19e2a6406b66bd-375x250.jpg",
"width": 375,
"mimeType": "image/jpeg",
"height": 250
},
"kqedFullSize": {
"file": "https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/13/2018/09/asprin_enl-3bb4cdd29b7b6c403a1c37565d19e2a6406b66bd.jpg",
"width": 2000,
"height": 1331
},
"large": {
"file": "https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/13/2018/09/asprin_enl-3bb4cdd29b7b6c403a1c37565d19e2a6406b66bd-1020x679.jpg",
"width": 1020,
"mimeType": "image/jpeg",
"height": 679
},
"xlarge": {
"file": "https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/13/2018/09/asprin_enl-3bb4cdd29b7b6c403a1c37565d19e2a6406b66bd-1180x785.jpg",
"width": 1180,
"mimeType": "image/jpeg",
"height": 785
},
"complete_open_graph": {
"file": "https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/13/2018/09/asprin_enl-3bb4cdd29b7b6c403a1c37565d19e2a6406b66bd-1200x799.jpg",
"width": 1200,
"mimeType": "image/jpeg",
"height": 799
},
"guest-author-50": {
"file": "https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/13/2018/09/asprin_enl-3bb4cdd29b7b6c403a1c37565d19e2a6406b66bd-50x50.jpg",
"width": 50,
"mimeType": "image/jpeg",
"height": 50
},
"guest-author-96": {
"file": "https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/13/2018/09/asprin_enl-3bb4cdd29b7b6c403a1c37565d19e2a6406b66bd-96x96.jpg",
"width": 96,
"mimeType": "image/jpeg",
"height": 96
},
"medium": {
"file": "https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/13/2018/09/asprin_enl-3bb4cdd29b7b6c403a1c37565d19e2a6406b66bd-800x532.jpg",
"width": 800,
"mimeType": "image/jpeg",
"height": 532
},
"guest-author-64": {
"file": "https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/13/2018/09/asprin_enl-3bb4cdd29b7b6c403a1c37565d19e2a6406b66bd-64x64.jpg",
"width": 64,
"mimeType": "image/jpeg",
"height": 64
},
"guest-author-32": {
"file": "https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/13/2018/09/asprin_enl-3bb4cdd29b7b6c403a1c37565d19e2a6406b66bd-32x32.jpg",
"width": 32,
"mimeType": "image/jpeg",
"height": 32
},
"fd-lrg": {
"file": "https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/13/2018/09/asprin_enl-3bb4cdd29b7b6c403a1c37565d19e2a6406b66bd-1920x1278.jpg",
"width": 1920,
"mimeType": "image/jpeg",
"height": 1278
},
"fd-med": {
"file": "https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/13/2018/09/asprin_enl-3bb4cdd29b7b6c403a1c37565d19e2a6406b66bd-1180x785.jpg",
"width": 1180,
"mimeType": "image/jpeg",
"height": 785
},
"full-width": {
"file": "https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/13/2018/09/asprin_enl-3bb4cdd29b7b6c403a1c37565d19e2a6406b66bd-1920x1278.jpg",
"width": 1920,
"mimeType": "image/jpeg",
"height": 1278
},
"detail": {
"file": "https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/13/2018/09/asprin_enl-3bb4cdd29b7b6c403a1c37565d19e2a6406b66bd-150x150.jpg",
"width": 150,
"mimeType": "image/jpeg",
"height": 150
},
"medium_large": {
"file": "https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/13/2018/09/asprin_enl-3bb4cdd29b7b6c403a1c37565d19e2a6406b66bd-768x511.jpg",
"width": 768,
"mimeType": "image/jpeg",
"height": 511
},
"guest-author-128": {
"file": "https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/13/2018/09/asprin_enl-3bb4cdd29b7b6c403a1c37565d19e2a6406b66bd-128x128.jpg",
"width": 128,
"mimeType": "image/jpeg",
"height": 128
},
"xxsmall": {
"file": "https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/13/2018/09/asprin_enl-3bb4cdd29b7b6c403a1c37565d19e2a6406b66bd-240x160.jpg",
"width": 240,
"mimeType": "image/jpeg",
"height": 160
}
},
"publishDate": 1537205547,
"modified": 1537205848,
"caption": "Daily low-dose aspirin can be of help to older people with an elevated risk for a heart attack. But for healthy older people, the risk outweighs the benefit.",
"description": "Daily low-dose aspirin can be of help to older people with an elevated risk for a heart attack. But for healthy older people, the risk outweighs the benefit.",
"title": "Daily low-dose aspirin can be of help to older people with an elevated risk for a heart attack. But for healthy older people, the risk outweighs the benefit.",
"credit": "Bruno Ehrs/Getty Images",
"status": "inherit",
"isLoading": false,
"fetchFailed": false
}
},
"audioPlayerReducer": {
"postId": "stream_live",
"isPaused": true,
"isPlaying": false,
"pfsActive": false,
"pledgeModalIsOpen": true,
"playerDrawerIsOpen": false,
"liveAudioPlayStartedAt": 0,
"liveAudioPlayContext": ""
},
"authorsReducer": {
"byline_futureofyou_444810": {
"type": "authors",
"id": "byline_futureofyou_444810",
"meta": {
"override": true
},
"slug": "byline_futureofyou_444810",
"name": "Ellen Knickmeyer\u003cbr />The Associated Press",
"isLoading": false
},
"byline_futureofyou_444725": {
"type": "authors",
"id": "byline_futureofyou_444725",
"meta": {
"override": true
},
"slug": "byline_futureofyou_444725",
"name": "The Associated Press",
"isLoading": false
},
"byline_futureofyou_444705": {
"type": "authors",
"id": "byline_futureofyou_444705",
"meta": {
"override": true
},
"slug": "byline_futureofyou_444705",
"name": "David Keyton\u003cbr />Jim Heintz \u003cbr />The Associated Press",
"isLoading": false
},
"byline_futureofyou_444670": {
"type": "authors",
"id": "byline_futureofyou_444670",
"meta": {
"override": true
},
"slug": "byline_futureofyou_444670",
"name": "Rhitu Chatterjee, NPR",
"isLoading": false
},
"byline_futureofyou_444641": {
"type": "authors",
"id": "byline_futureofyou_444641",
"meta": {
"override": true
},
"slug": "byline_futureofyou_444641",
"name": "Laurel Wamsley, NPR",
"isLoading": false
},
"byline_futureofyou_444621": {
"type": "authors",
"id": "byline_futureofyou_444621",
"meta": {
"override": true
},
"slug": "byline_futureofyou_444621",
"name": "Helen Branswell\u003cbr />STAT",
"isLoading": false
},
"byline_futureofyou_444598": {
"type": "authors",
"id": "byline_futureofyou_444598",
"meta": {
"override": true
},
"slug": "byline_futureofyou_444598",
"name": "April Fulton",
"isLoading": false
},
"byline_futureofyou_444536": {
"type": "authors",
"id": "byline_futureofyou_444536",
"meta": {
"override": true
},
"slug": "byline_futureofyou_444536",
"name": "Mara Gordon, NPR",
"isLoading": false
},
"byline_futureofyou_444510": {
"type": "authors",
"id": "byline_futureofyou_444510",
"meta": {
"override": true
},
"slug": "byline_futureofyou_444510",
"name": "Stephanie O'Neill, KHN",
"isLoading": false
},
"byline_futureofyou_444504": {
"type": "authors",
"id": "byline_futureofyou_444504",
"meta": {
"override": true
},
"slug": "byline_futureofyou_444504",
"name": "Ryan Kellman, NPR",
"isLoading": false
},
"byline_futureofyou_444469": {
"type": "authors",
"id": "byline_futureofyou_444469",
"meta": {
"override": true
},
"slug": "byline_futureofyou_444469",
"name": "Rob Stein, NPR",
"isLoading": false
},
"aahmed": {
"type": "authors",
"id": "11428",
"meta": {
"index": "authors_1716337520",
"id": "11428",
"found": true
},
"name": "Amel Ahmed",
"firstName": "Amel",
"lastName": "Ahmed",
"slug": "aahmed",
"email": "aahmed@kqed.org",
"display_author_email": false,
"staff_mastheads": [],
"title": "KQED Contributor",
"bio": "Amel Ahmed is a reporter for KQED. Prior to joining KQED, Amel worked at Al Jazeera America, Al Jazeera English, Democracy Now! and Punched Productions. She also helped produce \u003cem>Changing Face of Harlem\u003c/em>, a documentary that tracked gentrification in Harlem over a period of ten years. She is a 2013 graduate of Brooklyn Law School and is currently researching war on terror prosecutions for an upcoming book.",
"avatar": "https://secure.gravatar.com/avatar/c8b48ebc98e770640f3013c470d23f3e?s=600&d=blank&r=g",
"twitter": "amelscript",
"facebook": null,
"instagram": null,
"linkedin": null,
"sites": [
{
"site": "futureofyou",
"roles": []
},
{
"site": "science",
"roles": []
}
],
"headData": {
"title": "Amel Ahmed | KQED",
"description": "KQED Contributor",
"ogImgSrc": "https://secure.gravatar.com/avatar/c8b48ebc98e770640f3013c470d23f3e?s=600&d=blank&r=g",
"twImgSrc": "https://secure.gravatar.com/avatar/c8b48ebc98e770640f3013c470d23f3e?s=600&d=blank&r=g"
},
"isLoading": false,
"link": "/author/aahmed"
}
},
"pagesReducer": {
"futureofyou_category_future-of-you": {
"type": "terms",
"id": "futureofyou_1",
"meta": {
"index": "terms_1716263798",
"site": "futureofyou",
"id": "1",
"score": 12.79774
},
"featImg": null,
"name": "KQED Future Of You",
"description": null,
"taxonomy": "category",
"headData": {
"twImgId": null,
"twTitle": null,
"ogTitle": null,
"ogImgId": null,
"twDescription": null,
"description": null,
"title": "KQED Future Of You Archives | KQED Arts",
"ogDescription": null
},
"ttid": 1,
"slug": "future-of-you",
"isLoading": false,
"title": "KQED Future Of You",
"pageMeta": {
"site": "futureofyou",
"WpPageTemplate": "page-topic-editorial",
"currentPage": 4
},
"blocks": [
{
"blockName": "kqed/post-list",
"attrs": {
"layout": "cardArticle2",
"query": "posts/futureofyou?category=future-of-you",
"seeMore": false,
"paginated": true,
"page": 4
}
},
{
"blockName": "kqed/ad"
}
]
}
},
"pfsSessionReducer": {},
"postsReducer": {
"stream_live": {
"type": "live",
"id": "stream_live",
"audioUrl": "https://hls.kqed.org/hls/kqed_app/playlist.m3u8",
"title": "Live Stream",
"excerpt": "Live Stream information currently unavailable.",
"link": "/radio",
"featImg": "",
"label": {
"name": "KQED Live",
"link": "/"
}
},
"stream_kqedNewscast": {
"type": "posts",
"id": "stream_kqedNewscast",
"audioUrl": "https://www.kqed.org/.stream/anon/radio/RDnews/newscast.mp3?_=1",
"title": "KQED Newscast",
"featImg": "",
"label": {
"name": "88.5 FM",
"link": "/"
}
},
"futureofyou_444810": {
"type": "posts",
"id": "futureofyou_444810",
"meta": {
"index": "posts_1716263798",
"site": "futureofyou",
"id": "444810",
"score": null,
"sort": [
1538578835000
]
},
"parent": 0,
"labelTerm": {},
"blocks": [],
"publishDate": 1538578835,
"format": "standard",
"disqusTitle": "Trump EPA Set to Weaken Limits on Radiation Exposure",
"title": "Trump EPA Set to Weaken Limits on Radiation Exposure",
"headTitle": "KQED Future of You | KQED Science",
"content": "\u003cp>The EPA is pursuing rule changes that experts say would weaken the way radiation exposure is regulated, turning to scientific outliers who argue that a bit of radiation damage is actually good for you — like a little bit of sunlight.[contextly_sidebar id=\"cMhezcPlN6LfypQIodTAZTkQjxxJmp1m\"]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The government’s current, decades-old guidance says that any exposure to harmful radiation is a cancer risk. And critics say the proposed change could lead to higher levels of exposure for workers at nuclear installations and oil and gas drilling sites, medical workers doing X-rays and CT scans, people living next to Superfund sites and any members of the public who one day might find themselves exposed to a radiation release.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The Trump administration already has targeted a range of other regulations on toxins and pollutants, including coal power plant emissions and car exhaust, that it sees as costly and burdensome for businesses. Supporters of the EPA’s proposal argue the government’s current model that there is no safe level of radiation — the so-called linear no-threshold model — forces unnecessary spending for handling exposure in accidents, at nuclear plants, in medical centers and at other sites.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>At issue is Environmental Protection Agency’s proposed rule on transparency in science.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>EPA spokesman John Konkus said Tuesday: “The proposed regulation doesn’t talk about radiation or any particular chemicals. And as we indicated in our response, EPA’s policy is to continue to use the linear-no-threshold model for population-level radiation protection purposes which would not, under the proposed regulation that has not been finalized, trigger any change in that policy.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But in an April news release announcing the proposed rule the agency quoted Edward Calabrese, a toxicologist at the University of Massachusetts who has said weakening limits on radiation exposure would save billions of dollars and have a positive impact on human health.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The proposed rule would require regulators to consider “various threshold models across the exposure range” when it comes to dangerous substances. While it doesn’t specify radiation, the release quotes Calabrese calling the proposal “a major scientific step forward” in assessing the risk of “chemicals and radiation.”[contextly_sidebar id=\"pvuvFDruvbEw4lxZxen1FpcGPNcaahIo\"]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Konkus said the release was written during the tenure of former EPA Administrator Scott Pruitt. He could not explain why Calabrese was quoted citing the impact on radiation levels if the agency does not believe there would be any.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Calabrese was to be the lead witness at a congressional hearing Wednesday on the EPA proposal.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Radiation is everywhere, from potassium in bananas to the microwaves popping our popcorn. Most of it is benign. But what’s of concern is the higher-energy, shorter-wave radiation, like X-rays, that can penetrate and disrupt living cells, sometimes causing cancer.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>As recently as this March, the EPA’s online guidelines for radiation effects advised: “Current science suggests there is some cancer risk from any exposure to radiation.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Even exposures below 100 millisieverts” — an amount roughly equivalent to 25 chest X-rays or about 14 CT chest scans — “slightly increase the risk of getting cancer in the future,” the agency’s guidance said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But that online guidance — separate from the rule-change proposal — was edited in July to add a section emphasizing the low individual odds of cancer: “According to radiation safety experts, radiation exposures of ... 100 millisieverts usually result in no harmful health effects, because radiation below these levels is a minor contributor to our overall cancer risk,” the revised policy says.[contextly_sidebar id=\"2HUuLSRwi8YSbfJRvPXEnS9z0Y0PfoLc\"]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Calabrese and his supporters argue that smaller exposures of cell-damaging radiation and other carcinogens can serve as stressors that activate the body’s repair mechanisms and can make people healthier. They compare it to physical exercise or sunlight.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Mainstream scientific consensus on radiation is based on deceptive science, says Calabrese, who argued in a 2014 essay for “righting the past deceptions and correcting the ongoing errors in environmental regulation.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>EPA spokesman Konkus said in an email that the proposed rule change is about “increasing transparency on assumptions” about how the body responds to different doses of dangerous substances and that the agency “acknowledges uncertainty regarding health effects at low doses” and supports more research on that.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The radiation regulation is supported by Steven Milloy, a Trump transition team member for the EPA who is known for challenging widely accepted ideas about manmade climate change and the health risks of tobacco. He has been promoting Calabrese’s theory of healthy radiation on his blog.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But Jan Beyea, a physicist whose work includes research with the National Academies of Science on the 2011 Fukushima nuclear power plant accident, said the EPA science proposal represents voices “generally dismissed by the great bulk of scientists.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The EPA proposal would lead to “increases in chemical and radiation exposures in the workplace, home and outdoor environment, including the vicinity of Superfund sites,” Beyea wrote.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[contextly_sidebar id=\"OkuppunSHp3SM2JTUqdGMPaVNCwP9BBK\"]At the level the EPA website talks about, any one person’s risk of cancer from radiation exposure is perhaps 1 percent, Beyea said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“The individual risk will likely be low, but not the cumulative social risk,” Beyea said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“If they even look at that — no, no, no,” said Terrie Barrie, a resident of Craig, Colorado, and an advocate for her husband and other workers at the now-closed Rocky Flats nuclear-weapons plant, where the U.S. government is compensating certain cancer victims regardless of their history of exposure.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“There’s no reason not to protect people as much as possible,” said Barrie.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>U.S. agencies for decades have followed a policy that there is no threshold of radiation exposure that is risk-free.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The National Council on Radiation Protection and Measurements reaffirmed that principle this year after a review of 29 public health studies on cancer rates among people exposed to low-dose radiation, via the U.S. atomic bombing of Japan in World War II, leak-prone Soviet nuclear installations, medical treatments and other sources.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Twenty of the 29 studies directly support the principle that even low-dose exposures cause a significant increase in cancer rates, said Roy Shore, chief of research at the Radiation Effects Research Foundation, a joint project of the United States and Japan. Scientists found most of the other studies were inconclusive and decided one was flawed.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>None supported the theory there is some safe threshold for radiation, said Shore, who chaired the review.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>If there were a threshold that it’s safe to go below, “those who profess that would have to come up with some data,” Shore said in an interview.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Certainly the evidence did not point that way,” he said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The U.S. Food and Drug Administration, which regulates electronic devices that emit radiation, advises, broadly, that a single CT scan with a dose of 10 millisieverts may increase risks of a fatal cancer by about 1 chance in 2,000.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Supporters of the proposal say it’s time to rethink radiation regulation.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad floatright]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Right now we spend an enormous effort trying to minimize low doses” at nuclear power plants, for example, said Brant Ulsh, a physicist with the California-based consulting firm M.H. Chew and Associates. “Instead, let’s spend the resources on minimizing the effect of a really big event.”\u003c/p>\n\n",
"disqusIdentifier": "444810 https://ww2.kqed.org/futureofyou/?p=444810",
"disqusUrl": "https://ww2.kqed.org/futureofyou/2018/10/03/trump-epa-set-to-weaken-limits-on-radiation-exposure/",
"stats": {
"hasVideo": false,
"hasChartOrMap": false,
"hasAudio": false,
"hasPolis": false,
"wordCount": 1277,
"hasGoogleForm": false,
"hasGallery": false,
"hasHearkenModule": false,
"iframeSrcs": [],
"paragraphCount": 34
},
"modified": 1538554376,
"excerpt": null,
"headData": {
"twImgId": "",
"twTitle": "",
"ogTitle": "",
"ogImgId": "",
"twDescription": "",
"description": "The EPA is pursuing rule changes that experts say would weaken the way radiation exposure is regulated, turning to scientific outliers who argue that a bit of radiation damage is actually good for you — like a little bit of sunlight. The government’s current, decades-old guidance says that any exposure to harmful radiation is",
"title": "Trump EPA Set to Weaken Limits on Radiation Exposure | KQED",
"ogDescription": "",
"schema": {
"@context": "https://schema.org",
"@type": "Article",
"headline": "Trump EPA Set to Weaken Limits on Radiation Exposure",
"datePublished": "2018-10-03T08:00:35-07:00",
"dateModified": "2018-10-03T01:12:56-07:00",
"image": "https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2020/02/KQED-OG-Image@1x.png"
}
},
"guestAuthors": [],
"slug": "trump-epa-set-to-weaken-limits-on-radiation-exposure",
"status": "publish",
"nprByline": "Ellen Knickmeyer\u003cbr />The Associated Press",
"source": "Health",
"path": "/futureofyou/444810/trump-epa-set-to-weaken-limits-on-radiation-exposure",
"audioTrackLength": null,
"parsedContent": [
{
"type": "contentString",
"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>The EPA is pursuing rule changes that experts say would weaken the way radiation exposure is regulated, turning to scientific outliers who argue that a bit of radiation damage is actually good for you — like a little bit of sunlight.\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The government’s current, decades-old guidance says that any exposure to harmful radiation is a cancer risk. And critics say the proposed change could lead to higher levels of exposure for workers at nuclear installations and oil and gas drilling sites, medical workers doing X-rays and CT scans, people living next to Superfund sites and any members of the public who one day might find themselves exposed to a radiation release.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The Trump administration already has targeted a range of other regulations on toxins and pollutants, including coal power plant emissions and car exhaust, that it sees as costly and burdensome for businesses. Supporters of the EPA’s proposal argue the government’s current model that there is no safe level of radiation — the so-called linear no-threshold model — forces unnecessary spending for handling exposure in accidents, at nuclear plants, in medical centers and at other sites.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>At issue is Environmental Protection Agency’s proposed rule on transparency in science.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>EPA spokesman John Konkus said Tuesday: “The proposed regulation doesn’t talk about radiation or any particular chemicals. And as we indicated in our response, EPA’s policy is to continue to use the linear-no-threshold model for population-level radiation protection purposes which would not, under the proposed regulation that has not been finalized, trigger any change in that policy.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
"attributes": {
"named": {},
"numeric": []
}
},
{
"type": "component",
"content": "",
"name": "ad",
"attributes": {
"named": {
"label": "fullwidth"
},
"numeric": [
"fullwidth"
]
}
},
{
"type": "contentString",
"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But in an April news release announcing the proposed rule the agency quoted Edward Calabrese, a toxicologist at the University of Massachusetts who has said weakening limits on radiation exposure would save billions of dollars and have a positive impact on human health.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The proposed rule would require regulators to consider “various threshold models across the exposure range” when it comes to dangerous substances. While it doesn’t specify radiation, the release quotes Calabrese calling the proposal “a major scientific step forward” in assessing the risk of “chemicals and radiation.”\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Konkus said the release was written during the tenure of former EPA Administrator Scott Pruitt. He could not explain why Calabrese was quoted citing the impact on radiation levels if the agency does not believe there would be any.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Calabrese was to be the lead witness at a congressional hearing Wednesday on the EPA proposal.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Radiation is everywhere, from potassium in bananas to the microwaves popping our popcorn. Most of it is benign. But what’s of concern is the higher-energy, shorter-wave radiation, like X-rays, that can penetrate and disrupt living cells, sometimes causing cancer.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>As recently as this March, the EPA’s online guidelines for radiation effects advised: “Current science suggests there is some cancer risk from any exposure to radiation.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Even exposures below 100 millisieverts” — an amount roughly equivalent to 25 chest X-rays or about 14 CT chest scans — “slightly increase the risk of getting cancer in the future,” the agency’s guidance said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But that online guidance — separate from the rule-change proposal — was edited in July to add a section emphasizing the low individual odds of cancer: “According to radiation safety experts, radiation exposures of ... 100 millisieverts usually result in no harmful health effects, because radiation below these levels is a minor contributor to our overall cancer risk,” the revised policy says.\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Calabrese and his supporters argue that smaller exposures of cell-damaging radiation and other carcinogens can serve as stressors that activate the body’s repair mechanisms and can make people healthier. They compare it to physical exercise or sunlight.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Mainstream scientific consensus on radiation is based on deceptive science, says Calabrese, who argued in a 2014 essay for “righting the past deceptions and correcting the ongoing errors in environmental regulation.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>EPA spokesman Konkus said in an email that the proposed rule change is about “increasing transparency on assumptions” about how the body responds to different doses of dangerous substances and that the agency “acknowledges uncertainty regarding health effects at low doses” and supports more research on that.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The radiation regulation is supported by Steven Milloy, a Trump transition team member for the EPA who is known for challenging widely accepted ideas about manmade climate change and the health risks of tobacco. He has been promoting Calabrese’s theory of healthy radiation on his blog.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But Jan Beyea, a physicist whose work includes research with the National Academies of Science on the 2011 Fukushima nuclear power plant accident, said the EPA science proposal represents voices “generally dismissed by the great bulk of scientists.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The EPA proposal would lead to “increases in chemical and radiation exposures in the workplace, home and outdoor environment, including the vicinity of Superfund sites,” Beyea wrote.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003cp>At the level the EPA website talks about, any one person’s risk of cancer from radiation exposure is perhaps 1 percent, Beyea said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“The individual risk will likely be low, but not the cumulative social risk,” Beyea said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“If they even look at that — no, no, no,” said Terrie Barrie, a resident of Craig, Colorado, and an advocate for her husband and other workers at the now-closed Rocky Flats nuclear-weapons plant, where the U.S. government is compensating certain cancer victims regardless of their history of exposure.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“There’s no reason not to protect people as much as possible,” said Barrie.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>U.S. agencies for decades have followed a policy that there is no threshold of radiation exposure that is risk-free.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The National Council on Radiation Protection and Measurements reaffirmed that principle this year after a review of 29 public health studies on cancer rates among people exposed to low-dose radiation, via the U.S. atomic bombing of Japan in World War II, leak-prone Soviet nuclear installations, medical treatments and other sources.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Twenty of the 29 studies directly support the principle that even low-dose exposures cause a significant increase in cancer rates, said Roy Shore, chief of research at the Radiation Effects Research Foundation, a joint project of the United States and Japan. Scientists found most of the other studies were inconclusive and decided one was flawed.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>None supported the theory there is some safe threshold for radiation, said Shore, who chaired the review.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>If there were a threshold that it’s safe to go below, “those who profess that would have to come up with some data,” Shore said in an interview.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Certainly the evidence did not point that way,” he said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The U.S. Food and Drug Administration, which regulates electronic devices that emit radiation, advises, broadly, that a single CT scan with a dose of 10 millisieverts may increase risks of a fatal cancer by about 1 chance in 2,000.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Supporters of the proposal say it’s time to rethink radiation regulation.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
"attributes": {
"named": {},
"numeric": []
}
},
{
"type": "component",
"content": "",
"name": "ad",
"attributes": {
"named": {
"label": "floatright"
},
"numeric": [
"floatright"
]
}
},
{
"type": "contentString",
"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Right now we spend an enormous effort trying to minimize low doses” at nuclear power plants, for example, said Brant Ulsh, a physicist with the California-based consulting firm M.H. Chew and Associates. “Instead, let’s spend the resources on minimizing the effect of a really big event.”\u003c/p>\n\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>",
"attributes": {
"named": {},
"numeric": []
}
}
],
"link": "/futureofyou/444810/trump-epa-set-to-weaken-limits-on-radiation-exposure",
"authors": [
"byline_futureofyou_444810"
],
"categories": [
"futureofyou_452",
"futureofyou_1"
],
"tags": [
"futureofyou_1176",
"futureofyou_38",
"futureofyou_61",
"futureofyou_1424"
],
"featImg": "futureofyou_444815",
"label": "source_futureofyou_444810"
},
"futureofyou_444707": {
"type": "posts",
"id": "futureofyou_444707",
"meta": {
"index": "posts_1716263798",
"site": "futureofyou",
"id": "444707",
"score": null,
"sort": [
1538430386000
]
},
"parent": 0,
"labelTerm": {},
"blocks": [],
"publishDate": 1538430386,
"format": "aside",
"disqusTitle": "Video: Paralyzed Man Walks Again After Spinal Implant",
"title": "Video: Paralyzed Man Walks Again After Spinal Implant",
"headTitle": "KQED Future of You | KQED Science",
"content": "\u003cp>https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=MQ6ggOdQz2k\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>A new spinal implant developed by researchers at the Mayo Clinic and UC Los Angeles is allowing one man to walk again after a severe snowmobile accident left him partially paralyzed four years ago.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Researchers say the preliminary findings, published recently in the journal \u003ca href=\"https://go.redirectingat.com/?id=66960X1514734&xs=1&url=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.nature.com%2Farticles%2Fs41591-018-0175-7\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\">\u003cem>Nature Medicine\u003c/em>\u003c/a>\u003ca href=\"https://www.nejm.org/doi/full/10.1056/NEJMoa1803588\">\u003cem>, \u003c/em>\u003c/a>shows great promise for those suffering from paralysis.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Surgeons implanted the electrode below 29-year-old Jered Chinnock's spinal cord injury, which left him without motor control below the middle of his back. After 43 weeks of physical therapy, Chinook can now walk about the length of a football field with the help of a walker.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>A\u003ca href=\"https://www.nejm.org/doi/full/10.1056/NEJMoa1803588\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"> separate study\u003c/a> conducted at the University of Louisville reported similar results for patients who also received an electrode implant, which sends electrical pulses to the spinal cord.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Researchers say the next stage of their work will focus on understanding why electrically stimulating the spinal cord allows the brain to regain control of the legs.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n",
"disqusIdentifier": "444707 https://ww2.kqed.org/futureofyou/?p=444707",
"disqusUrl": "https://ww2.kqed.org/futureofyou/2018/10/01/video-paralyzed-man-walks-again-with-spinal-implant/",
"stats": {
"hasVideo": true,
"hasChartOrMap": false,
"hasAudio": false,
"hasPolis": false,
"wordCount": 171,
"hasGoogleForm": false,
"hasGallery": false,
"hasHearkenModule": false,
"iframeSrcs": [],
"paragraphCount": 7
},
"modified": 1538430443,
"excerpt": "Researchers at UCLA and the Mayo Clinic have developed an electrical device that is allowing one paralyzed man to walk again.",
"headData": {
"twImgId": "",
"twTitle": "",
"ogTitle": "",
"ogImgId": "",
"twDescription": "",
"description": "Researchers at UCLA and the Mayo Clinic have developed an electrical device that is allowing one paralyzed man to walk again.",
"title": "Video: Paralyzed Man Walks Again After Spinal Implant | KQED",
"ogDescription": "",
"schema": {
"@context": "https://schema.org",
"@type": "Article",
"headline": "Video: Paralyzed Man Walks Again After Spinal Implant",
"datePublished": "2018-10-01T14:46:26-07:00",
"dateModified": "2018-10-01T14:47:23-07:00",
"image": "https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2020/02/KQED-OG-Image@1x.png"
}
},
"guestAuthors": [],
"slug": "video-paralyzed-man-walks-again-with-spinal-implant",
"status": "publish",
"source": "Hope/Hype",
"path": "/futureofyou/444707/video-paralyzed-man-walks-again-with-spinal-implant",
"audioTrackLength": null,
"parsedContent": [
{
"type": "contentString",
"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003cspan class='utils-parseShortcode-shortcodes-__youtubeShortcode__embedYoutube'>\n \u003cspan class='utils-parseShortcode-shortcodes-__youtubeShortcode__embedYoutubeInside'>\n \u003ciframe\n loading='lazy'\n class='utils-parseShortcode-shortcodes-__youtubeShortcode__youtubePlayer'\n type='text/html'\n src='//www.youtube.com/embed/MQ6ggOdQz2k'\n title='//www.youtube.com/embed/MQ6ggOdQz2k'\n allowfullscreen='true'\n style='border:0;'>\u003c/iframe>\n \u003c/span>\n \u003c/span>\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003cp>A new spinal implant developed by researchers at the Mayo Clinic and UC Los Angeles is allowing one man to walk again after a severe snowmobile accident left him partially paralyzed four years ago.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Researchers say the preliminary findings, published recently in the journal \u003ca href=\"https://go.redirectingat.com/?id=66960X1514734&xs=1&url=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.nature.com%2Farticles%2Fs41591-018-0175-7\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\">\u003cem>Nature Medicine\u003c/em>\u003c/a>\u003ca href=\"https://www.nejm.org/doi/full/10.1056/NEJMoa1803588\">\u003cem>, \u003c/em>\u003c/a>shows great promise for those suffering from paralysis.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Surgeons implanted the electrode below 29-year-old Jered Chinnock's spinal cord injury, which left him without motor control below the middle of his back. After 43 weeks of physical therapy, Chinook can now walk about the length of a football field with the help of a walker.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>A\u003ca href=\"https://www.nejm.org/doi/full/10.1056/NEJMoa1803588\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"> separate study\u003c/a> conducted at the University of Louisville reported similar results for patients who also received an electrode implant, which sends electrical pulses to the spinal cord.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Researchers say the next stage of their work will focus on understanding why electrically stimulating the spinal cord allows the brain to regain control of the legs.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
"attributes": {
"named": {},
"numeric": []
}
},
{
"type": "component",
"content": "",
"name": "ad",
"attributes": {
"named": {
"label": "fullwidth"
},
"numeric": [
"fullwidth"
]
}
},
{
"type": "contentString",
"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>",
"attributes": {
"named": {},
"numeric": []
}
}
],
"link": "/futureofyou/444707/video-paralyzed-man-walks-again-with-spinal-implant",
"authors": [
"11428"
],
"categories": [
"futureofyou_1062",
"futureofyou_1",
"futureofyou_73"
],
"tags": [
"futureofyou_80",
"futureofyou_1010"
],
"collections": [
"futureofyou_1097"
],
"featImg": "futureofyou_444735",
"label": "source_futureofyou_444707"
},
"futureofyou_444725": {
"type": "posts",
"id": "futureofyou_444725",
"meta": {
"index": "posts_1716263798",
"site": "futureofyou",
"id": "444725",
"score": null,
"sort": [
1538427207000
]
},
"parent": 0,
"labelTerm": {
"site": "futureofyou"
},
"blocks": [],
"publishDate": 1538427207,
"format": "standard",
"disqusTitle": "Italian Physicist Under Fire for Claiming Physics 'Invented' By Men",
"title": "Italian Physicist Under Fire for Claiming Physics 'Invented' By Men",
"headTitle": "KQED Future of You | KQED Science",
"content": "\u003cp>Officials at the world’s largest particle accelerator have suspended an Italian physicist pending an investigation of his “highly offensive” presentation on gender issues that raised new concerns about sexism in science.[contextly_sidebar id=\"2ka9F7Lfk5Eruw05hhTtIn4SXoFZFBoX\"]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>CERN, the European Organization for Nuclear Research, said Monday that Alessandro Strumia of the University of Pisa was out of line in his talk Friday for a seminar on “High Energy Theory and Gender.” The Geneva-area center said it had no prior knowledge of the content of the presentation and cited its “attacks on individuals” as “unacceptable in any professional context.”\u003c/p>\n\u003carticle id=\"contentArea\" class=\" noPrimaryImage \">\n\u003cdiv class=\"articleBody\">\n\u003cp>A CERN spokesman confirmed a slide presentation on Strumia’s talk found online but said a recording was not immediately available. One slide read “Physics invented and built by men, it’s not by invitation.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Laura Covi, who studies cosmology at Georg-August University in Goettingen, Germany and was at the Friday seminar, said Strumia’s comments didn’t go over well.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“He was claiming that some of the positions women were getting, they’re getting positions with fewer (journal) citations than men,” she said. “I’m not so sure his thesis was supported by the data.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Covi acknowledged that some of the world’s most eminent physicists have been men, but said that was “mostly a historical bias” since men have been able to study physics longer than women.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>She also disputed that citations are an indicator of quality and said it wasn’t her experience that female physicists were able to land jobs with fewer journal publications than men.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Covi said Strumia has frequently made provocative comments in the past and said after his presentation, he was challenged by many at the seminar — so much so that the chair had to abruptly end the session when it ran overtime.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“People were upset by what he was saying. And then he later started to make statements that were completely unscientific,” she said, declining to elaborate.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“I don’t think he represents the majority view,” Covi said. “There were a few men who were there but they didn’t support his view.”\u003c/p>\n\u003c/div>\n\u003c/article>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n",
"disqusIdentifier": "444725 https://ww2.kqed.org/futureofyou/?p=444725",
"disqusUrl": "https://ww2.kqed.org/futureofyou/2018/10/01/italian-physicist-under-fire-for-claiming-physics-invented-by-men/",
"stats": {
"hasVideo": false,
"hasChartOrMap": false,
"hasAudio": false,
"hasPolis": false,
"wordCount": 385,
"hasGoogleForm": false,
"hasGallery": false,
"hasHearkenModule": false,
"iframeSrcs": [],
"paragraphCount": 12
},
"modified": 1538427407,
"excerpt": "Italian physicist Alessandro Strumia is under fire for his “highly offensive” presentation on gender issues that raised new concerns about sexism in science.",
"headData": {
"twImgId": "",
"twTitle": "",
"ogTitle": "",
"ogImgId": "",
"twDescription": "",
"description": "Italian physicist Alessandro Strumia is under fire for his “highly offensive” presentation on gender issues that raised new concerns about sexism in science.",
"title": "Italian Physicist Under Fire for Claiming Physics 'Invented' By Men | KQED",
"ogDescription": "",
"schema": {
"@context": "https://schema.org",
"@type": "Article",
"headline": "Italian Physicist Under Fire for Claiming Physics 'Invented' By Men",
"datePublished": "2018-10-01T13:53:27-07:00",
"dateModified": "2018-10-01T13:56:47-07:00",
"image": "https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2020/02/KQED-OG-Image@1x.png"
}
},
"guestAuthors": [],
"slug": "italian-physicist-under-fire-for-claiming-physics-invented-by-men",
"status": "publish",
"nprByline": "The Associated Press",
"path": "/futureofyou/444725/italian-physicist-under-fire-for-claiming-physics-invented-by-men",
"audioTrackLength": null,
"parsedContent": [
{
"type": "contentString",
"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>Officials at the world’s largest particle accelerator have suspended an Italian physicist pending an investigation of his “highly offensive” presentation on gender issues that raised new concerns about sexism in science.\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>CERN, the European Organization for Nuclear Research, said Monday that Alessandro Strumia of the University of Pisa was out of line in his talk Friday for a seminar on “High Energy Theory and Gender.” The Geneva-area center said it had no prior knowledge of the content of the presentation and cited its “attacks on individuals” as “unacceptable in any professional context.”\u003c/p>\n\u003carticle id=\"contentArea\" class=\" noPrimaryImage \">\n\u003cdiv class=\"articleBody\">\n\u003cp>A CERN spokesman confirmed a slide presentation on Strumia’s talk found online but said a recording was not immediately available. One slide read “Physics invented and built by men, it’s not by invitation.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Laura Covi, who studies cosmology at Georg-August University in Goettingen, Germany and was at the Friday seminar, said Strumia’s comments didn’t go over well.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“He was claiming that some of the positions women were getting, they’re getting positions with fewer (journal) citations than men,” she said. “I’m not so sure his thesis was supported by the data.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Covi acknowledged that some of the world’s most eminent physicists have been men, but said that was “mostly a historical bias” since men have been able to study physics longer than women.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>She also disputed that citations are an indicator of quality and said it wasn’t her experience that female physicists were able to land jobs with fewer journal publications than men.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Covi said Strumia has frequently made provocative comments in the past and said after his presentation, he was challenged by many at the seminar — so much so that the chair had to abruptly end the session when it ran overtime.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“People were upset by what he was saying. And then he later started to make statements that were completely unscientific,” she said, declining to elaborate.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“I don’t think he represents the majority view,” Covi said. “There were a few men who were there but they didn’t support his view.”\u003c/p>\n\u003c/div>\n\u003c/article>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
"attributes": {
"named": {},
"numeric": []
}
},
{
"type": "component",
"content": "",
"name": "ad",
"attributes": {
"named": {
"label": "fullwidth"
},
"numeric": [
"fullwidth"
]
}
},
{
"type": "contentString",
"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>",
"attributes": {
"named": {},
"numeric": []
}
}
],
"link": "/futureofyou/444725/italian-physicist-under-fire-for-claiming-physics-invented-by-men",
"authors": [
"byline_futureofyou_444725"
],
"categories": [
"futureofyou_1",
"futureofyou_73"
],
"tags": [
"futureofyou_791",
"futureofyou_1616",
"futureofyou_271"
],
"featImg": "futureofyou_444727",
"label": "futureofyou"
},
"futureofyou_444705": {
"type": "posts",
"id": "futureofyou_444705",
"meta": {
"index": "posts_1716263798",
"site": "futureofyou",
"id": "444705",
"score": null,
"sort": [
1538417110000
]
},
"parent": 0,
"labelTerm": {},
"blocks": [],
"publishDate": 1538417110,
"format": "aside",
"disqusTitle": "Nobel Prize for 'Landmark' Cancer Research Conducted at UC Berkeley",
"title": "Nobel Prize for 'Landmark' Cancer Research Conducted at UC Berkeley",
"headTitle": "KQED Future of You | KQED Science",
"content": "\u003cp>https://www.youtube.com/watch?time_continue=899&v=ScuTG1bzSHY\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The Nobel Prize in medicine was awarded Monday to two researchers from the United States and Japan for advances in discovering how the body’s immune system can fight off the scourge of cancer.[contextly_sidebar id=\"CWuF65jUQjKNMEH73SFwE7Eh0o965day\"]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The $1.01 million prize will be shared by James Allison and Tasuku Honjo.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Allison conducted his research at the University of California-Berkeley and is now at the M.D. Anderson cancer center in Houston. Honju works at Japan’s Kyoto University.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Their parallel work concerned proteins that act as brakes on the body’s immune system and it constitutes “a landmark in our fight against cancer,” said a statement from the Nobel Assembly of Sweden’s Karolinska Institute, which selects winners of the annual prestigious award.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Allison studied a known protein and developed the concept into a new treatment approach, while Honjo discovered a new protein that also operated as a brake on immune cells.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“I’m honored and humbled to receive this prestigious recognition,” Allison said in a statement released by the university’s MD Anderson Cancer Center in Houston, where he is a professor.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“A driving motivation for scientists is simply to push the frontiers of knowledge. I didn’t set out to study cancer, but to understand the biology of T cells, these incredible cells that travel our bodies and work to protect us,” he said.[contextly_sidebar id=\"TrEVYlEaRWGIwxl3wZCxQN7b50EP4tx2\"]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Allison takes care in his statement to give credit to “a succession of graduate students, postdoctoral fellows and colleagues at MD Anderson, the University of California, Berkeley, and Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center” who joined in the research.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Allison’s and Honjo’s prize-winning work started in the 1990s and was part of significant advances in cancer immunotherapy.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“In some patients, this therapy is remarkably effective,” Jeremy Berg, editor-in-chief of the \u003cem>Science\u003c/em> family of journals, told The Associated Press. “The number of different types of cancers for which this approach to immunotherapy is being found to be effective in at least some patients continues to grow.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Therapy developed from Honjo’s work led to long-term remission in patients with metastatic cancer that had been considered essentially untreatable, the Nobel Assembly said.[contextly_sidebar id=\"JxHmQ4y9gmGqrPe0YiiMCtrrGiOV1Oid\"]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Berg said that former President Jimmy Carter’s cancer, which had spread to his brain, was treated with one of the drugs developed from Honjo’s work.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The physics prize is to be announced Tuesday, followed by chemistry. The winner of the Nobel Peace Prize will be named Friday and the economics laureate will be announced next Monday. No literature prize is being given this year.\u003c/p>\n\n",
"disqusIdentifier": "444705 https://ww2.kqed.org/futureofyou/?p=444705",
"disqusUrl": "https://ww2.kqed.org/futureofyou/2018/10/01/nobel-prize-for-landmark-cancer-research-conducted-at-berkeley/",
"stats": {
"hasVideo": true,
"hasChartOrMap": false,
"hasAudio": false,
"hasPolis": false,
"wordCount": 471,
"hasGoogleForm": false,
"hasGallery": false,
"hasHearkenModule": false,
"iframeSrcs": [],
"paragraphCount": 15
},
"modified": 1538445547,
"excerpt": "The research, which has led to drugs that release the brakes on the immune system, constitutes “a landmark\" in the fight against cancer.",
"headData": {
"twImgId": "",
"twTitle": "",
"ogTitle": "",
"ogImgId": "",
"twDescription": "",
"description": "The research, which has led to drugs that release the brakes on the immune system, constitutes “a landmark" in the fight against cancer.",
"title": "Nobel Prize for 'Landmark' Cancer Research Conducted at UC Berkeley | KQED",
"ogDescription": "",
"schema": {
"@context": "https://schema.org",
"@type": "Article",
"headline": "Nobel Prize for 'Landmark' Cancer Research Conducted at UC Berkeley",
"datePublished": "2018-10-01T11:05:10-07:00",
"dateModified": "2018-10-01T18:59:07-07:00",
"image": "https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2020/02/KQED-OG-Image@1x.png"
}
},
"guestAuthors": [],
"slug": "nobel-prize-for-landmark-cancer-research-conducted-at-berkeley",
"status": "publish",
"nprByline": "David Keyton\u003cbr />Jim Heintz \u003cbr />The Associated Press",
"source": "Events",
"path": "/futureofyou/444705/nobel-prize-for-landmark-cancer-research-conducted-at-berkeley",
"audioTrackLength": null,
"parsedContent": [
{
"type": "contentString",
"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003cspan class='utils-parseShortcode-shortcodes-__youtubeShortcode__embedYoutube'>\n \u003cspan class='utils-parseShortcode-shortcodes-__youtubeShortcode__embedYoutubeInside'>\n \u003ciframe\n loading='lazy'\n class='utils-parseShortcode-shortcodes-__youtubeShortcode__youtubePlayer'\n type='text/html'\n src='//www.youtube.com/embed/ScuTG1bzSHY'\n title='//www.youtube.com/embed/ScuTG1bzSHY'\n allowfullscreen='true'\n style='border:0;'>\u003c/iframe>\n \u003c/span>\n \u003c/span>\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003cp>The Nobel Prize in medicine was awarded Monday to two researchers from the United States and Japan for advances in discovering how the body’s immune system can fight off the scourge of cancer.\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The $1.01 million prize will be shared by James Allison and Tasuku Honjo.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Allison conducted his research at the University of California-Berkeley and is now at the M.D. Anderson cancer center in Houston. Honju works at Japan’s Kyoto University.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Their parallel work concerned proteins that act as brakes on the body’s immune system and it constitutes “a landmark in our fight against cancer,” said a statement from the Nobel Assembly of Sweden’s Karolinska Institute, which selects winners of the annual prestigious award.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
"attributes": {
"named": {},
"numeric": []
}
},
{
"type": "component",
"content": "",
"name": "ad",
"attributes": {
"named": {
"label": "fullwidth"
},
"numeric": [
"fullwidth"
]
}
},
{
"type": "contentString",
"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Allison studied a known protein and developed the concept into a new treatment approach, while Honjo discovered a new protein that also operated as a brake on immune cells.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“I’m honored and humbled to receive this prestigious recognition,” Allison said in a statement released by the university’s MD Anderson Cancer Center in Houston, where he is a professor.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“A driving motivation for scientists is simply to push the frontiers of knowledge. I didn’t set out to study cancer, but to understand the biology of T cells, these incredible cells that travel our bodies and work to protect us,” he said.\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Allison takes care in his statement to give credit to “a succession of graduate students, postdoctoral fellows and colleagues at MD Anderson, the University of California, Berkeley, and Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center” who joined in the research.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Allison’s and Honjo’s prize-winning work started in the 1990s and was part of significant advances in cancer immunotherapy.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“In some patients, this therapy is remarkably effective,” Jeremy Berg, editor-in-chief of the \u003cem>Science\u003c/em> family of journals, told The Associated Press. “The number of different types of cancers for which this approach to immunotherapy is being found to be effective in at least some patients continues to grow.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Therapy developed from Honjo’s work led to long-term remission in patients with metastatic cancer that had been considered essentially untreatable, the Nobel Assembly said.\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Berg said that former President Jimmy Carter’s cancer, which had spread to his brain, was treated with one of the drugs developed from Honjo’s work.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The physics prize is to be announced Tuesday, followed by chemistry. The winner of the Nobel Peace Prize will be named Friday and the economics laureate will be announced next Monday. No literature prize is being given this year.\u003c/p>\n\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>",
"attributes": {
"named": {},
"numeric": []
}
}
],
"link": "/futureofyou/444705/nobel-prize-for-landmark-cancer-research-conducted-at-berkeley",
"authors": [
"byline_futureofyou_444705"
],
"categories": [
"futureofyou_1",
"futureofyou_73"
],
"tags": [
"futureofyou_103",
"futureofyou_686",
"futureofyou_80",
"futureofyou_607"
],
"collections": [
"futureofyou_1097"
],
"featImg": "futureofyou_444717",
"label": "source_futureofyou_444705"
},
"futureofyou_444670": {
"type": "posts",
"id": "futureofyou_444670",
"meta": {
"index": "posts_1716263798",
"site": "futureofyou",
"id": "444670",
"score": null,
"sort": [
1538163243000
]
},
"parent": 0,
"labelTerm": {
"site": "futureofyou"
},
"blocks": [],
"publishDate": 1538163243,
"format": "standard",
"disqusTitle": "How Trauma Strengthens Memory: Scientists Weigh In On Kavanaugh Hearing",
"title": "How Trauma Strengthens Memory: Scientists Weigh In On Kavanaugh Hearing",
"headTitle": "KQED Future of You | KQED Science",
"content": "\u003cp>In Thursday's testimony at Judge Brett Kavanaugh's confirmation hearings, Christine Blasey Ford alleged Kavanaugh sexually assaulted her at a party in 1982, when she was 15 years old and he was 17.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Kavanaugh staunchly denied these allegations.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But memory is fallible. A question on many people's minds, is how well can anyone recall something that happened over 35 years ago?\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Pretty well, say scientists, if the memory is of a traumatic event. That's because of the key role emotions play in making and storing memories.\u003c/p>\n\u003caside class=\"pullquote alignright\">‘Things that have more emotional significance tend to get more encoded.’\u003ccite>Jim Hopper, Harvard University\u003c/cite>\u003c/aside>\n\u003cp>On any given day, our brains only store or \"encode\" some of the things we experience. \"What we pay attention to is what's more likely to get encoded,\" says \u003ca href=\"https://www.jimhopper.com/\">Jim Hopper\u003c/a>, a teaching associate in psychology at Harvard University and a consultant on sexual assault and trauma.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>A region of the brain called the hippocampus plays an important role in this process. Ford referred to the hippocampus when questioned by Senator Dianne Feinstein, D-Calif., about how she was so sure that Kavanaugh was the perpetrator of the alleged assault.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"The hippocampus certainly plays a role in taking things into short-term memory and then transferring them and consolidating them into long-term memories,\" says Hopper.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>If an event elicits an emotional reaction in us, then it's more likely to make it into our memory. \"Things that have more emotional significance tend to get more encoded,\" says Hopper.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>And when something elicits an intense negative emotion, like a trauma, it's even more likely to be encoded in the brain.[contextly_sidebar id=\"L3kfMcbFb57nqlRcJppVmhyqT4zEaiHz\"]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"The stress hormones, cortisol, norepinephrine, that are released during a terrifying trauma tend to render the experience vivid and memorable, especially the central aspect, the most meaningful aspects of the experience for the victim,\" says \u003ca href=\"http://www.mcnallylab.com/\">Richard McNally\u003c/a>, a psychologist at Harvard University and the the author of the book, \u003cem>Remembering Trauma\u003c/em>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>That's because a high stress state \"alters the function of the hippocampus and puts it into a super encoding mode,\" says Hopper, especially early on during an event. That's why \"the central details [of the event] get burned into their memory and they may never forget them.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Whether it's sexual assault victims, or soldiers in combat or survivors of an earthquake, people who've experienced traumatic events tend to remember the most essential and frightening elements of the events in vivid detail for life, says McNally.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>However, this doesn't mean that these memories include every detail of the event. The brain holds on to the most important stuff at the expense of the peripheral details.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Take for example, a clerk at convenience store who gets robbed at gunpoint, says McNally. \"The person may often encode the features of the weapon, the gun pointed at him, but not recall whether or not the person was wearing glasses, because their attention is focused on the most central features of the experience.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>McNally says this would explain why Ford says she remembers what happened during the alleged assault, but she can't remember the date of the party or its location.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"They were forgotten because they were never encoded,\" says McNally. \"When somebody has an experience such as this, they're not necessarily saying, 'I better get down the address.' They're preoccupied with trying to escape this terrifying experience.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Also, \"people in general are not good about dating events, whether they're traumatic events or non traumatic events,\" he adds. Unless there are other clues to the date, most people tend to forget when something happened.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>As for the memory of perpetrators of sexual assault, there's been little research on it, says Hopper. But what the research on emotions and memory suggests is the perpetrator's memory will depend on their emotional state, he says.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"If holding someone down and trying to take their clothes off was an entertaining experience, or a routine, familiar experience you're less likely to store that,\" he says. \"It really depends on how the perpetrator is relating to things.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Another factor that affects how memories are stored is alcohol use.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"Generally alcohol can make people forget things,\" says \u003ca href=\"https://www.muhealth.org/doctors/mary-miller-phd\">Mary Beth Miller\u003c/a>, a clinical psychologist at the University of Missouri-Columbia, who has studied the impact of alcohol consumption on making and retrieving memories.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Earlier this month, \u003ca href=\"https://www.washingtonpost.com/investigations/california-professor-writer-of-confidential-brett-kavanaugh-letter-speaks-out-about-her-allegation-of-sexual-assault/2018/09/16/46982194-b846-11e8-94eb-3bd52dfe917b_story.html?utm_term=.4ec990e35857\">Ford told\u003c/a> \u003cem>The Washington Post\u003c/em> that she remembers Kavanaugh being \"stumbling drunk,\" whereas she recalls having one beer that night.[contextly_sidebar id=\"lcYeMn0WbceR2Ykc6LIyqTORnCVNryrk\"]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Other accusers who did not testify Thursday have also suggested Kavanaugh was part of a group of friends who indulged in heavy drinking in the 1980s.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In his testimony, Kavanaugh said he likes beer, but denied ever drinking so much that he didn't remember things.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Miller says memory loss from alcohol — blackouts — \u003ca href=\"https://pubs.niaaa.nih.gov/publications/aa63/aa63.htm\">are very common\u003c/a> among young people.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"In a blackout, you're walking around, talking to people,\" says Miller. \"And a lot of times in a blackout people will be very coherent. You're just doing your thing, and people don't know, because it's hard to know if someone's in a blackout state.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>These blackouts are what scientists call \"fragmentary\" blackouts, where someone has partial memory loss, but \"you can usually recall, if someone reminds you later.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>These fragmentary blackouts can occur at low blood alcohol concentrations, as low as 0.06, she says. (For comparison, the legal limit for driving is 0.08.)\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Miller also says that animal studies suggest that \"adolescent brains are actually more sensitive to the memory impairing effects of alcohol.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>A permanent memory impairment, what scientists call \"en bloc blackout,\" has a beginning and an end, says Miller, and the person cannot remember anything that happened in between. She says these typically occur at a higher blood alcohol concentrations, around 0.24.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>This is because higher amounts of alcohol prevent short-term memory from being converted to long-term memory, says Miller.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"And people with a history of heavy drinking are more likely to have more memory deficits,\" she adds.\u003c/p>\n\u003cdiv class=\"fullattribution\">Copyright 2018 NPR. To see more, visit http://www.npr.org/.\u003cimg src=\"https://www.google-analytics.com/__utm.gif?utmac=UA-5828686-4&utmdt=How+Trauma+Affects+Memory%3A+Scientists+Weigh+In+On+The+Kavanaugh+Hearing&utme=8(APIKey)9(MDAxOTAwOTE4MDEyMTkxMDAzNjczZDljZA004)\">\u003c/div>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n",
"disqusIdentifier": "444670 https://ww2.kqed.org/futureofyou/?p=444670",
"disqusUrl": "https://ww2.kqed.org/futureofyou/2018/09/28/how-trauma-strengthens-memory-scientists-weigh-in-on-kavanaugh-hearing/",
"stats": {
"hasVideo": false,
"hasChartOrMap": false,
"hasAudio": false,
"hasPolis": false,
"wordCount": 1032,
"hasGoogleForm": false,
"hasGallery": false,
"hasHearkenModule": false,
"iframeSrcs": [],
"paragraphCount": 34
},
"modified": 1538163568,
"excerpt": "In Thursday's testimony, Christine Blasey Ford said that she was 100 percent certain that Judge Kavanaugh assaulted her in 1982. How can she be sure? What does science say about memory and trauma?",
"headData": {
"twImgId": "",
"twTitle": "",
"ogTitle": "",
"ogImgId": "",
"twDescription": "",
"description": "In Thursday's testimony, Christine Blasey Ford said that she was 100 percent certain that Judge Kavanaugh assaulted her in 1982. How can she be sure? What does science say about memory and trauma?",
"title": "How Trauma Strengthens Memory: Scientists Weigh In On Kavanaugh Hearing | KQED",
"ogDescription": "",
"schema": {
"@context": "https://schema.org",
"@type": "Article",
"headline": "How Trauma Strengthens Memory: Scientists Weigh In On Kavanaugh Hearing",
"datePublished": "2018-09-28T12:34:03-07:00",
"dateModified": "2018-09-28T12:39:28-07:00",
"image": "https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2020/02/KQED-OG-Image@1x.png"
}
},
"guestAuthors": [],
"slug": "how-trauma-strengthens-memory-scientists-weigh-in-on-kavanaugh-hearing",
"status": "publish",
"nprApiLink": "http://api.npr.org/query?id=652524372&apiKey=MDAxOTAwOTE4MDEyMTkxMDAzNjczZDljZA004",
"nprByline": "Rhitu Chatterjee, NPR",
"nprStoryDate": "Fri, 28 Sep 2018 15:24:42 -0400",
"nprLastModifiedDate": "Fri, 28 Sep 2018 15:24:42 -0400",
"nprHtmlLink": "https://www.npr.org/sections/health-shots/2018/09/28/652524372/how-trauma-affects-memory-scientists-weigh-in-on-the-kavanaugh-hearing?ft=nprml&f=652524372",
"nprImageAgency": "Win McNamee/Getty Images",
"nprStoryId": "652524372",
"nprRetrievedStory": "1",
"nprPubDate": "Fri, 28 Sep 2018 15:24:00 -0400",
"path": "/futureofyou/444670/how-trauma-strengthens-memory-scientists-weigh-in-on-kavanaugh-hearing",
"audioTrackLength": null,
"parsedContent": [
{
"type": "contentString",
"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>In Thursday's testimony at Judge Brett Kavanaugh's confirmation hearings, Christine Blasey Ford alleged Kavanaugh sexually assaulted her at a party in 1982, when she was 15 years old and he was 17.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Kavanaugh staunchly denied these allegations.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But memory is fallible. A question on many people's minds, is how well can anyone recall something that happened over 35 years ago?\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Pretty well, say scientists, if the memory is of a traumatic event. That's because of the key role emotions play in making and storing memories.\u003c/p>\n\u003caside class=\"pullquote alignright\">‘Things that have more emotional significance tend to get more encoded.’\u003ccite>Jim Hopper, Harvard University\u003c/cite>\u003c/aside>\n\u003cp>On any given day, our brains only store or \"encode\" some of the things we experience. \"What we pay attention to is what's more likely to get encoded,\" says \u003ca href=\"https://www.jimhopper.com/\">Jim Hopper\u003c/a>, a teaching associate in psychology at Harvard University and a consultant on sexual assault and trauma.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>A region of the brain called the hippocampus plays an important role in this process. Ford referred to the hippocampus when questioned by Senator Dianne Feinstein, D-Calif., about how she was so sure that Kavanaugh was the perpetrator of the alleged assault.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"The hippocampus certainly plays a role in taking things into short-term memory and then transferring them and consolidating them into long-term memories,\" says Hopper.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>If an event elicits an emotional reaction in us, then it's more likely to make it into our memory. \"Things that have more emotional significance tend to get more encoded,\" says Hopper.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>And when something elicits an intense negative emotion, like a trauma, it's even more likely to be encoded in the brain.\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"The stress hormones, cortisol, norepinephrine, that are released during a terrifying trauma tend to render the experience vivid and memorable, especially the central aspect, the most meaningful aspects of the experience for the victim,\" says \u003ca href=\"http://www.mcnallylab.com/\">Richard McNally\u003c/a>, a psychologist at Harvard University and the the author of the book, \u003cem>Remembering Trauma\u003c/em>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>That's because a high stress state \"alters the function of the hippocampus and puts it into a super encoding mode,\" says Hopper, especially early on during an event. That's why \"the central details [of the event] get burned into their memory and they may never forget them.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Whether it's sexual assault victims, or soldiers in combat or survivors of an earthquake, people who've experienced traumatic events tend to remember the most essential and frightening elements of the events in vivid detail for life, says McNally.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>However, this doesn't mean that these memories include every detail of the event. The brain holds on to the most important stuff at the expense of the peripheral details.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Take for example, a clerk at convenience store who gets robbed at gunpoint, says McNally. \"The person may often encode the features of the weapon, the gun pointed at him, but not recall whether or not the person was wearing glasses, because their attention is focused on the most central features of the experience.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>McNally says this would explain why Ford says she remembers what happened during the alleged assault, but she can't remember the date of the party or its location.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"They were forgotten because they were never encoded,\" says McNally. \"When somebody has an experience such as this, they're not necessarily saying, 'I better get down the address.' They're preoccupied with trying to escape this terrifying experience.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Also, \"people in general are not good about dating events, whether they're traumatic events or non traumatic events,\" he adds. Unless there are other clues to the date, most people tend to forget when something happened.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>As for the memory of perpetrators of sexual assault, there's been little research on it, says Hopper. But what the research on emotions and memory suggests is the perpetrator's memory will depend on their emotional state, he says.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"If holding someone down and trying to take their clothes off was an entertaining experience, or a routine, familiar experience you're less likely to store that,\" he says. \"It really depends on how the perpetrator is relating to things.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Another factor that affects how memories are stored is alcohol use.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"Generally alcohol can make people forget things,\" says \u003ca href=\"https://www.muhealth.org/doctors/mary-miller-phd\">Mary Beth Miller\u003c/a>, a clinical psychologist at the University of Missouri-Columbia, who has studied the impact of alcohol consumption on making and retrieving memories.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Earlier this month, \u003ca href=\"https://www.washingtonpost.com/investigations/california-professor-writer-of-confidential-brett-kavanaugh-letter-speaks-out-about-her-allegation-of-sexual-assault/2018/09/16/46982194-b846-11e8-94eb-3bd52dfe917b_story.html?utm_term=.4ec990e35857\">Ford told\u003c/a> \u003cem>The Washington Post\u003c/em> that she remembers Kavanaugh being \"stumbling drunk,\" whereas she recalls having one beer that night.\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Other accusers who did not testify Thursday have also suggested Kavanaugh was part of a group of friends who indulged in heavy drinking in the 1980s.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In his testimony, Kavanaugh said he likes beer, but denied ever drinking so much that he didn't remember things.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Miller says memory loss from alcohol — blackouts — \u003ca href=\"https://pubs.niaaa.nih.gov/publications/aa63/aa63.htm\">are very common\u003c/a> among young people.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"In a blackout, you're walking around, talking to people,\" says Miller. \"And a lot of times in a blackout people will be very coherent. You're just doing your thing, and people don't know, because it's hard to know if someone's in a blackout state.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>These blackouts are what scientists call \"fragmentary\" blackouts, where someone has partial memory loss, but \"you can usually recall, if someone reminds you later.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>These fragmentary blackouts can occur at low blood alcohol concentrations, as low as 0.06, she says. (For comparison, the legal limit for driving is 0.08.)\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Miller also says that animal studies suggest that \"adolescent brains are actually more sensitive to the memory impairing effects of alcohol.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>A permanent memory impairment, what scientists call \"en bloc blackout,\" has a beginning and an end, says Miller, and the person cannot remember anything that happened in between. She says these typically occur at a higher blood alcohol concentrations, around 0.24.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>This is because higher amounts of alcohol prevent short-term memory from being converted to long-term memory, says Miller.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"And people with a history of heavy drinking are more likely to have more memory deficits,\" she adds.\u003c/p>\n\u003cdiv class=\"fullattribution\">Copyright 2018 NPR. To see more, visit http://www.npr.org/.\u003cimg src=\"https://www.google-analytics.com/__utm.gif?utmac=UA-5828686-4&utmdt=How+Trauma+Affects+Memory%3A+Scientists+Weigh+In+On+The+Kavanaugh+Hearing&utme=8(APIKey)9(MDAxOTAwOTE4MDEyMTkxMDAzNjczZDljZA004)\">\u003c/div>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
"attributes": {
"named": {},
"numeric": []
}
},
{
"type": "component",
"content": "",
"name": "ad",
"attributes": {
"named": {
"label": "fullwidth"
},
"numeric": [
"fullwidth"
]
}
},
{
"type": "contentString",
"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>",
"attributes": {
"named": {},
"numeric": []
}
}
],
"link": "/futureofyou/444670/how-trauma-strengthens-memory-scientists-weigh-in-on-kavanaugh-hearing",
"authors": [
"byline_futureofyou_444670"
],
"categories": [
"futureofyou_1",
"futureofyou_73"
],
"tags": [
"futureofyou_1047",
"futureofyou_204",
"futureofyou_1555"
],
"featImg": "futureofyou_444671",
"label": "futureofyou"
},
"futureofyou_444641": {
"type": "posts",
"id": "futureofyou_444641",
"meta": {
"index": "posts_1716263798",
"site": "futureofyou",
"id": "444641",
"score": null,
"sort": [
1538075041000
]
},
"guestAuthors": [],
"slug": "governments-decision-to-review-research-of-fetal-tissue-blasted-as-political-move",
"title": "Is the Federal Government Politicizing Research Involving Fetal Tissue?",
"publishDate": 1538075041,
"format": "standard",
"headTitle": "Is the Federal Government Politicizing Research Involving Fetal Tissue? | KQED",
"labelTerm": {},
"content": "\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Updated at 3:45 pm ET\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The Department of Health and Human Services says it is reviewing all medical research involving human fetal tissue.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>HHS \u003ca href=\"https://www.hhs.gov/about/news/2018/09/24/statement-from-the-department-of-health-and-human-services.html\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">said this week\u003c/a> that it will conduct an audit of “all acquisitions involving human fetal tissue” as well as “all research involving fetal tissue to ensure consistency with statutes and regulations governing such research and to ensure the adequacy of procedures and oversight of this research in light of the serious regulatory, moral, and ethical considerations involved.”[contextly_sidebar id=”SsrZIxp3cgGelsMqmovjR5mXFrobSZOz”]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In addition, HHS announced that it has canceled \u003ca href=\"https://www.fpds.gov/ezsearch/search.do?q=advanced+bioscience+resources+VENDOR_DUNS_NUMBER%3A%22786845982%22&s=FPDSNG.COM&templateName=1.4.4&indexName=awardfull&sortBy=SIGNED_DATE&desc=Y\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">a $15,000 contract\u003c/a> for a California-based company called Advanced Bioscience Resources to provide the Food and Drug Administration with human fetal tissue to develop testing protocols. The contract was terminated, HHS said, because the department “was not sufficiently assured that the contract included the appropriate protections applicable to fetal tissue research or met all other procurement requirements.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Scientists use fetal tissue in medical research because it grows quickly and is highly versatile and long-lasting.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“It allows us to answer specific questions that can’t be answered by adult tissue, which is far more specialized,”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>NIH Associate Director for Science Policy Carrie Wolinetz \u003ca href=\"https://www.npr.org/sections/health-shots/2015/09/29/444214443/research-on-fetal-tissue-draws-renewed-political-scientific-scrutiny\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">told NPR’s Rob Stein\u003c/a> in 2015. “Fetal tissue can contain information — about structural features, or the architecture of organs — that cells in a dish alone can’t provide. And this is sometimes very important to our understanding of disease.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Fetal tissue used in scientific research often comes from aborted fetuses. In an email to NPR, \u003ca href=\"https://law.wisc.edu/profiles/racharo\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Alta Charo\u003c/a>, a professor of law and bioethics at the University of Wisconsin, explains why that is.[contextly_sidebar id=”G1kyrCYVpzDmWCInUE7H0cF8gc9zn4Ce”]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Miscarriages are not often an available source, as they do not take place in a controlled environment and may be due to genetic or other anomalies that would render the cadaveric tissues useless,” she says. “Therefore, the tissue usually comes from a fetus that has been aborted.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Despite the small size of the canceled FDA contract, some observers said the larger political symbolism is evident.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“My instinct is that this is driven by politics, and is part of the overall effort to stigmatize and eventually criminalize abortion, as well as part of a larger campaign to roll-back the clock on sexual and reproductive rights,” Charo says.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>However, \u003ca href=\"https://lozierinstitute.org/team-member/david-prentice/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">David Prentice\u003c/a>, vice president and research director for the Charlotte Lozier Institute, a conservative think tank opposed to abortion, says the HHS announcement doesn’t go far enough.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Canceling a small FDA contract … seems designed to mollify some Members of Congress and groups who were outraged by the continuing funding of fetal tissue research with taxpayer dollars,” Prentice writes in an email to NPR. “But what’s needed is wholesale reform across the breadth of HHS. Use of fetal tissue is antiquated research, and [HHS Secretary Alex] Azar should redirect those funds to modern science and better alternatives, including adult stem cells.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>Science\u003c/em> notes that on earlier this month, 45 groups opposed to abortion \u003ca href=\"https://www.sba-list.org/wp-content/uploads/2018/09/Group-Letter-to-Azar-FDA-and-fetal-tissue-FINAL-with-Signatures.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">sent a letter\u003c/a> to Azar calling the FDA contract for fetal tissue “shocking” and “unacceptable.” A few days later, 85 members of Congress \u003ca href=\"https://chrissmith.house.gov/uploadedfiles/2018-09-17_-chs-hartzler-walker_letter_on_fda_fetal_tissue_contract.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">sent a letter\u003c/a> to the FDA’s commissioner, urging the agency to cancel the contract.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The National Institutes of Health, which also falls under HHS, spent $98 million last fiscal year on research that involved human fetal tissue. The NIH said it “concurs that it is important that research involving human fetal tissue should be consistent with the statutes and regulation governing such research and that it is important to have adequate procedures for oversight.”[contextly_sidebar id=”xJs8IF14XoPynhHrniTrS5E5qgAhyVmm”]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Use of fetal tissue in research has been controversial for some time, \u003cem>Science\u003c/em> magazine reported on Tuesday:\u003c/p>\n\u003cblockquote>\u003cp>“In 2016, \u003ca href=\"https://energycommerce.house.gov/news/press-release/house-creates-select-panel-investigate-handling-infant-lives/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Republican members of the House of Representatives\u003c/a>, led by Representative Marsha Blackburn (TN), \u003ca href=\"https://www.sciencemag.org/news/2017/01/fact-checking-congress-s-fetal-tissue-report\">produced a report\u003c/a> that urged the federal government to transition to obtaining fetal tissue from miscarriages and stillbirths. But opponents of fetal tissue research have failed repeatedly to pass legislation that would end funding for research using tissue from electively aborted fetuses — most recently earlier this month, when language prohibiting such funding was stripped from a 2019 HHS spending bill.”\u003c/p>\u003c/blockquote>\n\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"https://trentcenter.duke.edu/node/221\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Ross McKinney\u003c/a>, chief scientific officer at the Association of American Medical Colleges, says fetal tissue was key in the development of major medical advances such as vaccines for polio, rubella, measles, chickenpox, adenovirus and rabies, as well as treatments for diseases such as rheumatoid arthritis, cystic fibrosis and hemophilia.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“The unique characteristics of this tissue are essential to the study of fetal diseases, like those caused by Zika virus, and hold promise for advancing biomedical research in other areas as well, bringing hope to patients struggling with diseases such as Alzheimer’s, Parkinson’s, and multiple sclerosis,” he writes in an email to NPR.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Fetal tissue continues to be an important resource for biomedical research, and the Association of American Medical Colleges fully supports its availability as one of the scientific methods that could save and improve lives.”[contextly_sidebar id=”GY9wMG5EY8EjMrFWoS2AArgcQmiE5UTu”]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>During \u003ca href=\"https://www.npr.org/2016/01/28/464594826/in-wake-of-videos-planned-parenthood-investigations-find-no-fetal-tissue-sales\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">a 2015 brouhaha\u003c/a>, the Obama-era HHS \u003ca href=\"https://www.plannedparenthood.org/files/3514/4709/3497/HHS_Letter_2015_08_14_-_FT_Research.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">sent a letter\u003c/a> to two Republican senators calling the use of fetal tissue in medical research “an instrumental component of our attempts to understand, treat, and cure a number of conditions and diseases that affect millions of Americans,” noting that scientists in the U.S. have been working with fetal tissue \u003ca href=\"https://fas.org/sgp/crs/misc/R44129.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">since the 1930s\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>NPR science correspondent Rob Stein contributed to this report.\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\u003cdiv class=\"fullattribution\">Copyright 2018 NPR. To see more, visit http://www.npr.org/.\u003cimg decoding=\"async\" src=\"https://www.google-analytics.com/__utm.gif?utmac=UA-5828686-4&utmdt=Health+And+Human+Services+Says+It%27s+Reviewing+Use+Of+Fetal+Tissue+For+Research&utme=8(APIKey)9(MDAxOTAwOTE4MDEyMTkxMDAzNjczZDljZA004)\">\u003c/div>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n",
"blocks": [],
"excerpt": "The audit has been called a political gesture to placate anti-abortion groups that oppose use of the tissue. Fetal tissue has played a part in developing vaccines and medical treatments.",
"status": "publish",
"parent": 0,
"modified": 1721118247,
"stats": {
"hasAudio": false,
"hasVideo": false,
"hasChartOrMap": false,
"iframeSrcs": [],
"hasGoogleForm": false,
"hasGallery": false,
"hasHearkenModule": false,
"hasPolis": false,
"paragraphCount": 24,
"wordCount": 968
},
"headData": {
"title": "Is the Federal Government Politicizing Research Involving Fetal Tissue?",
"description": "The audit has been called a political gesture to placate anti-abortion groups that oppose use of the tissue. Fetal tissue has played a part in developing vaccines and medical treatments.",
"ogTitle": "",
"ogDescription": "",
"ogImgId": "",
"twTitle": "",
"twDescription": "",
"twImgId": "",
"schema": {
"@context": "https://schema.org",
"@type": "Article",
"headline": "Is the Federal Government Politicizing Research Involving Fetal Tissue?",
"datePublished": "2018-09-27T12:04:01-07:00",
"dateModified": "2024-07-16T01:24:07-07:00",
"image": "https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2020/02/KQED-OG-Image@1x.png"
}
},
"source": "Health",
"sticky": false,
"nprImageCredit": "Chip Somodevilla",
"nprByline": "Laurel Wamsley, NPR",
"nprImageAgency": "Getty Images",
"nprStoryId": "651838889",
"nprApiLink": "http://api.npr.org/query?id=651838889&apiKey=MDAxOTAwOTE4MDEyMTkxMDAzNjczZDljZA004",
"nprHtmlLink": "https://www.npr.org/2018/09/26/651838889/health-and-human-services-says-its-reviewing-use-of-fetal-tissue-for-research?ft=nprml&f=651838889",
"nprRetrievedStory": "1",
"nprPubDate": "Wed, 26 Sep 2018 16:17:00 -0400",
"nprStoryDate": "Wed, 26 Sep 2018 15:12:00 -0400",
"nprLastModifiedDate": "Wed, 26 Sep 2018 16:18:07 -0400",
"path": "/futureofyou/444641/governments-decision-to-review-research-of-fetal-tissue-blasted-as-political-move",
"audioTrackLength": null,
"parsedContent": [
{
"type": "contentString",
"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Updated at 3:45 pm ET\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The Department of Health and Human Services says it is reviewing all medical research involving human fetal tissue.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>HHS \u003ca href=\"https://www.hhs.gov/about/news/2018/09/24/statement-from-the-department-of-health-and-human-services.html\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">said this week\u003c/a> that it will conduct an audit of “all acquisitions involving human fetal tissue” as well as “all research involving fetal tissue to ensure consistency with statutes and regulations governing such research and to ensure the adequacy of procedures and oversight of this research in light of the serious regulatory, moral, and ethical considerations involved.”\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In addition, HHS announced that it has canceled \u003ca href=\"https://www.fpds.gov/ezsearch/search.do?q=advanced+bioscience+resources+VENDOR_DUNS_NUMBER%3A%22786845982%22&s=FPDSNG.COM&templateName=1.4.4&indexName=awardfull&sortBy=SIGNED_DATE&desc=Y\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">a $15,000 contract\u003c/a> for a California-based company called Advanced Bioscience Resources to provide the Food and Drug Administration with human fetal tissue to develop testing protocols. The contract was terminated, HHS said, because the department “was not sufficiently assured that the contract included the appropriate protections applicable to fetal tissue research or met all other procurement requirements.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Scientists use fetal tissue in medical research because it grows quickly and is highly versatile and long-lasting.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“It allows us to answer specific questions that can’t be answered by adult tissue, which is far more specialized,”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>NIH Associate Director for Science Policy Carrie Wolinetz \u003ca href=\"https://www.npr.org/sections/health-shots/2015/09/29/444214443/research-on-fetal-tissue-draws-renewed-political-scientific-scrutiny\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">told NPR’s Rob Stein\u003c/a> in 2015. “Fetal tissue can contain information — about structural features, or the architecture of organs — that cells in a dish alone can’t provide. And this is sometimes very important to our understanding of disease.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Fetal tissue used in scientific research often comes from aborted fetuses. In an email to NPR, \u003ca href=\"https://law.wisc.edu/profiles/racharo\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Alta Charo\u003c/a>, a professor of law and bioethics at the University of Wisconsin, explains why that is.\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Miscarriages are not often an available source, as they do not take place in a controlled environment and may be due to genetic or other anomalies that would render the cadaveric tissues useless,” she says. “Therefore, the tissue usually comes from a fetus that has been aborted.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Despite the small size of the canceled FDA contract, some observers said the larger political symbolism is evident.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“My instinct is that this is driven by politics, and is part of the overall effort to stigmatize and eventually criminalize abortion, as well as part of a larger campaign to roll-back the clock on sexual and reproductive rights,” Charo says.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>However, \u003ca href=\"https://lozierinstitute.org/team-member/david-prentice/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">David Prentice\u003c/a>, vice president and research director for the Charlotte Lozier Institute, a conservative think tank opposed to abortion, says the HHS announcement doesn’t go far enough.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Canceling a small FDA contract … seems designed to mollify some Members of Congress and groups who were outraged by the continuing funding of fetal tissue research with taxpayer dollars,” Prentice writes in an email to NPR. “But what’s needed is wholesale reform across the breadth of HHS. Use of fetal tissue is antiquated research, and [HHS Secretary Alex] Azar should redirect those funds to modern science and better alternatives, including adult stem cells.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>Science\u003c/em> notes that on earlier this month, 45 groups opposed to abortion \u003ca href=\"https://www.sba-list.org/wp-content/uploads/2018/09/Group-Letter-to-Azar-FDA-and-fetal-tissue-FINAL-with-Signatures.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">sent a letter\u003c/a> to Azar calling the FDA contract for fetal tissue “shocking” and “unacceptable.” A few days later, 85 members of Congress \u003ca href=\"https://chrissmith.house.gov/uploadedfiles/2018-09-17_-chs-hartzler-walker_letter_on_fda_fetal_tissue_contract.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">sent a letter\u003c/a> to the FDA’s commissioner, urging the agency to cancel the contract.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The National Institutes of Health, which also falls under HHS, spent $98 million last fiscal year on research that involved human fetal tissue. The NIH said it “concurs that it is important that research involving human fetal tissue should be consistent with the statutes and regulation governing such research and that it is important to have adequate procedures for oversight.”\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Use of fetal tissue in research has been controversial for some time, \u003cem>Science\u003c/em> magazine reported on Tuesday:\u003c/p>\n\u003cblockquote>\u003cp>“In 2016, \u003ca href=\"https://energycommerce.house.gov/news/press-release/house-creates-select-panel-investigate-handling-infant-lives/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Republican members of the House of Representatives\u003c/a>, led by Representative Marsha Blackburn (TN), \u003ca href=\"https://www.sciencemag.org/news/2017/01/fact-checking-congress-s-fetal-tissue-report\">produced a report\u003c/a> that urged the federal government to transition to obtaining fetal tissue from miscarriages and stillbirths. But opponents of fetal tissue research have failed repeatedly to pass legislation that would end funding for research using tissue from electively aborted fetuses — most recently earlier this month, when language prohibiting such funding was stripped from a 2019 HHS spending bill.”\u003c/p>\u003c/blockquote>\n\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"https://trentcenter.duke.edu/node/221\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Ross McKinney\u003c/a>, chief scientific officer at the Association of American Medical Colleges, says fetal tissue was key in the development of major medical advances such as vaccines for polio, rubella, measles, chickenpox, adenovirus and rabies, as well as treatments for diseases such as rheumatoid arthritis, cystic fibrosis and hemophilia.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“The unique characteristics of this tissue are essential to the study of fetal diseases, like those caused by Zika virus, and hold promise for advancing biomedical research in other areas as well, bringing hope to patients struggling with diseases such as Alzheimer’s, Parkinson’s, and multiple sclerosis,” he writes in an email to NPR.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Fetal tissue continues to be an important resource for biomedical research, and the Association of American Medical Colleges fully supports its availability as one of the scientific methods that could save and improve lives.”\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>During \u003ca href=\"https://www.npr.org/2016/01/28/464594826/in-wake-of-videos-planned-parenthood-investigations-find-no-fetal-tissue-sales\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">a 2015 brouhaha\u003c/a>, the Obama-era HHS \u003ca href=\"https://www.plannedparenthood.org/files/3514/4709/3497/HHS_Letter_2015_08_14_-_FT_Research.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">sent a letter\u003c/a> to two Republican senators calling the use of fetal tissue in medical research “an instrumental component of our attempts to understand, treat, and cure a number of conditions and diseases that affect millions of Americans,” noting that scientists in the U.S. have been working with fetal tissue \u003ca href=\"https://fas.org/sgp/crs/misc/R44129.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">since the 1930s\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>NPR science correspondent Rob Stein contributed to this report.\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\u003cdiv class=\"fullattribution\">Copyright 2018 NPR. To see more, visit http://www.npr.org/.\u003cimg decoding=\"async\" src=\"https://www.google-analytics.com/__utm.gif?utmac=UA-5828686-4&utmdt=Health+And+Human+Services+Says+It%27s+Reviewing+Use+Of+Fetal+Tissue+For+Research&utme=8(APIKey)9(MDAxOTAwOTE4MDEyMTkxMDAzNjczZDljZA004)\">\u003c/div>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
"attributes": {
"named": {},
"numeric": []
}
},
{
"type": "component",
"content": "",
"name": "ad",
"attributes": {
"named": {
"label": "fullwidth"
},
"numeric": [
"fullwidth"
]
}
},
{
"type": "contentString",
"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>",
"attributes": {
"named": {},
"numeric": []
}
}
],
"link": "/futureofyou/444641/governments-decision-to-review-research-of-fetal-tissue-blasted-as-political-move",
"authors": [
"byline_futureofyou_444641"
],
"categories": [
"futureofyou_1",
"futureofyou_73",
"futureofyou_1064"
],
"tags": [
"futureofyou_342",
"futureofyou_1176",
"futureofyou_1615",
"futureofyou_294"
],
"collections": [
"futureofyou_1094"
],
"featImg": "futureofyou_444642",
"label": "source_futureofyou_444641"
},
"futureofyou_444621": {
"type": "posts",
"id": "futureofyou_444621",
"meta": {
"index": "posts_1716263798",
"site": "futureofyou",
"id": "444621",
"score": null,
"sort": [
1538001170000
]
},
"parent": 0,
"labelTerm": {},
"blocks": [],
"publishDate": 1538001170,
"format": "standard",
"disqusTitle": "Is the End of HIV Transmission in the U.S. Near?",
"title": "Is the End of HIV Transmission in the U.S. Near?",
"headTitle": "KQED Future of You | KQED Science",
"content": "\u003cp class=\"danger-zone\">\u003cspan class=\"big-cap-wrap\">\u003cspan class=\"big-cap\">A \u003c/span>\u003c/span>mere decade ago, 45,000 Americans a year were contracting HIV. Since the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention started collecting data on HIV-related deaths just over 30 years ago, more than half a million of those people have died from AIDS.[contextly_sidebar id=\"lO0syDiO3AlElegX7fRdQulfH7k681UG\"]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp class=\"danger-zone\">And yet, today, the struggle against HIV may be undergoing a sea change.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp class=\"danger-zone\">U.S. health officials and HIV experts are beginning to talk about a future \u003ca href=\"https://www.statnews.com/2018/03/29/cdc-director-hiv-remarks/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">in which transmission in the United States could be halted\u003c/a>. And that future, they say, could come not within a generation, but in the span of just a few years.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp class=\"\">“We have the science to solve the AIDS epidemic,” Dr. Robert Redfield, the director of the CDC, himself a longtime HIV researcher and clinician, told STAT in a recent interview. “We’ve invested in it. Let’s put it into action.‘’\u003c/p>\n\u003cp class=\"\">Other leaders in the HIV field have been musing about the idea, buoyed by the astonishing impact effective HIV medications have wrought, both on the lives of people infected with or at risk of contracting the virus, and on the trajectory of the epidemic.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp class=\"\">“It’s certainly doable in the United States,” said Dr. Anthony Fauci, director of the National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases and a researcher whose study focused on HIV from the earliest days of the AIDS epidemic.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Fauci and other health experts are quick to point out that the goal of stopping transmission entirely is largely theoretical. There will always be some new cases, and the barriers to providing treatment to existing cases remain significant. There are still just under 40,000 people in the U.S. each year contracting HIV. As Fauci put it: “We live in a real world, we don’t live in a theoretical world.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But “if we implement all the tools that we have and if we can theoretically, conceptually, get everybody who’s HIV infected on antiretroviral drug so that they will not transmit the infection to anyone else, theoretically you could end the epidemic tomorrow by doing that,” he added.[contextly_sidebar id=\"wauS1YFripUOWbpsTIa7lXm8j8pGcJjw\"]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In the absence of a highly effective vaccine — and likely, even, in the presence of one — consigning the global HIV/AIDS epidemic to the history books would be impossible. And at the moment, that’s moot: Despite decades of research on HIV vaccines, the holy grail of HIV control remains an unmet goal.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Still, even without a vaccine, experts believe transmission could be largely stopped in this country — a goal that until the past few years would have been unthinkable.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In March, Redfield told CDC staff that he believed HIV transmission in the United States \u003ca href=\"https://www.statnews.com/2018/03/29/cdc-director-hiv-remarks/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">could be halted over the next three to seven years\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The foundation of the dream is the realization that, if taken correctly, today’s potent antiretroviral drugs will drive down the amount of virus in an HIV-infected person’s system to undetectable levels. People who reach that state, known as viral suppression, are not contagious — even, it seems, if they have unprotected sex.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Accumulated data from several studies show that in nearly 80,000 condomless sex acts between pairs of men who had discordant HIV status — one was negative, the other was positive, but virally suppressed — not a single new infection occurred.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In the HIV world, that finding has given rise to a slogan: U = U, or undetectable equals untransmissible. To maximize the benefits of viral suppression, though, people must know their HIV status and start treatment if they are infected. Currently the CDC estimates that 15 percent of infected Americans are unaware they are HIV positive.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“People with HIV infection need to be diagnosed, getting care, stay in care, get on antiretrovirals, and get their viral load down to undetectable,” Redfield said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Pairing the power of viral suppression with another tool further increases the chances of stopping spread of the virus. That other tool is \u003ca href=\"https://www.statnews.com/2018/07/24/digital-pill-prep-truvada/\">PrEP\u003c/a>, pre-exposure prophylaxis — antiretroviral drugs used to prevent infection in people who are at high risk of contracting the virus.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Taken correctly, PrEP reduces the risk of contracting HIV from an infected partner by 95 percent. If the infected partner is virally suppressed, the risk is lower still.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But the benefits of PrEP can only be reaped if people use it. Currently too few do. The CDC estimates that about 1.1 million people in the U.S. should be taking PrEP, including men who have sex with men, sex workers, and transgender women, a population with a highly elevated risk of contracting HIV. But only about 200,000 are actually using it, Redfield said.[contextly_sidebar id=\"cMA1JnuuPTnJDbxO5uh5Kz0WejZJ8v2u\"]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Paradoxically, doctors bear part of the blame for that gap.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“There is a large number of people who are not comfortable prescribing PrEP or have not been taught how to prescribe PrEP, whether it be in their residency, fellowship, or post-graduate training,” said Dr. Robert Goldstein, medical director of the transgender health program at Massachusetts General Hospital and an instructor at Harvard Medical School.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“We’re limited by stigma within the medical community and within the LGBT community. We’re limited by lack of provider knowledge. We’re limited by awareness among those at highest risk of HIV infection,” Goldstein said. “And those limitations result in rising rates of new HIV infections in men who have sex with men while we see across the country actually dropping rates of new HIV infections year after year.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In some cases, the problem of too little PrEP prescribing is due to a lack of training, and in other cases, something else may be at play, suggested Dr. Demetre Daskalakis, the New York Department of Health’s deputy commissioner of disease control.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“We still have to sell this to [clinicians] who are like, ‘Why would I be offering people PrEP, if it’s going to encourage them to have condomless sex?’” he said. “And our answer tends to be, ‘They’re already having condomless sex and this prevents HIV.’”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>New York is one of several cities — San Francisco and Washington, D.C., among them — that have moved aggressively to harness the power of the treatment and prevention, working to actively identify people who are HIV-positive but who haven’t yet been tested, or haven’t yet started taking antiretroviral drugs, as well as people who should be using PrEP, but are not.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>New York has expanded the remit of its sexual health clinics to help identify these patients and get them into treatment, said Daskalakis, who explained it’s about “snagging” the people most at risk “where they come for service.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Anyone who is newly diagnosed with HIV is offered antiretroviral drugs immediately. No waiting for a follow-up appointment, which increases the possibility the patient won’t return. And it’s working “with just staggering success,” said Daskalakis.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“What we’re finding is that they get virally suppressed faster,” he said. “It’s sort of the dream, that when you start people on medicines for infections they have on the day of their diagnosis, all of a sudden you see that they’re interested in connecting to care and actually follow through.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Likewise, people who test negative for HIV but who are deemed at risk of becoming infected are offered a starter pack of PrEP. The efforts led to a sharp upswing in the number of people taking PrEP — and a swift decline in the number of new HIV diagnoses. In 2016, new infections dropped 10 percent overall, and 15 percent among men who have sex with men, Daskalakis said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The cost of PrEP is steep — $1,500 a month without insurance or assistance from the manufacturer. But New York state has an assistance program that helps with the cost of the medical care PrEP use requires, and there’s a patient assistance program for those who can’t pay for the drug. At the end of the day, Daskalakis said, with a combination of programs, most patients can access PrEP.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“In New York, the answer is yes. But I would be more worried about talking to someone in Mississippi,” he said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>That isn’t an insignificant consideration. The epidemic in the United States is currently being driven, in large part, by infections among African-American and Latino men who have sex with men in several Southern states.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Fauci is a believer in the active style of HIV interventions New York and other cities are employing. “You can’t do business as usual,” he said. “You’ve got to have an aggressive approach.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But he’s always cognizant that translating the successes of Washington or New York to less urban settings — where access to care is more limited and stigma may be greater — likely won’t be as simple as changing some wording on some brochures.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Is that going to work in Alabama? In Georgia? In Mississippi and Louisiana? That’s where we’ve got to put the focus on,” Fauci said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Another challenge that likely won’t be easily overcome relates to the opioid epidemic. The growth in the use of injectable drugs — specifically the sharing of syringes — has driven up HIV and hepatitis C rates in people using illicit substances.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Research shows that needle exchange programs reduce those infections. Separately, a number of cities — San Francisco, Philadelphia, New York, and Seattle, among them— have been exploring opening \u003ca href=\"https://www.statnews.com/2017/12/13/supervised-injection-facilities-doctor/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">safe injection sites\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But just as some doctors associate PrEP prescription with enabling unsafe behavior, the notion of sanctioned injection sites and syringe programs draws the ire of people who believe they encourage illegal activity.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In an opinion piece in the New York Times, Deputy Attorney General Rod Rosenstein warned the Department of Justice would take swift action against cities that open such facilities, calling them illegal.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Americans struggling with addiction need treatment and reduced access to deadly drugs. They do not need a taxpayer-sponsored haven to shoot up,” he wrote.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Public health experts counter that criminalizing drug use hasn’t worked. Officials can’t “punish people into getting well,” said Dr. Sarah Wakeman, medical director of the substance use disorder program at Mass. General.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“At the highest levels of our government, there’s a lot of opposition and antipathy to the idea of harm reduction,” Wakeman said of Rosenstein’s commentary. “And in fact, in that op-ed, it was very clearly stated that these efforts are ‘enabling’ — which I think is one of the many kind of myths around harm reduction.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“We’ll never get to a place where we can stop the spread of HIV unless we are willing to rethink the way we take care of, and our policy towards people who use drugs in this country,” she said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Needle exchange programs have some high-profile supporters, including top officials who have had up-close experience with the problem. The CDC’s Redfield has a son \u003ca href=\"https://www.apnews.com/8cc276150f7e4860bc05bdd4ac04d5e0\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">who has struggled with opioid addiction\u003c/a>; Surgeon General Jerome Adams \u003ca href=\"https://www.statnews.com/2017/12/07/surgeon-general-and-his-brother/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">has a younger brother who has fought addiction\u003c/a> for two decades.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“We believe there is clear evidence that needle exchange programs can reduce the risk of transmission of HIV infection,” said Redfield. Adams \u003ca href=\"https://www.statnews.com/2018/09/20/surgeon-general-jerome-adams-year-one/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">told STAT\u003c/a> last week: “When I see a [needle exchange] program close, what that says to me is that we haven’t done a good enough job communicating to the community why this program is important and the value that it provides.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The hardest sell yet may be to convince authorities that successfully containing the spread of HIV in the U.S. requires addressing transmission in prisons. Prisons, in theory, “should be easy, because it’s a confined population,” said Fauci. He acknowledged, however, the gap is wide here between theory and reality.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“You’ve just got to get really flexible in what you do and recognize that there is sex going on, there is injection drug use going on. And if you really want to address it, you really have to address it in those settings,” he said. “And that, I know, is going to raise a lot of eyebrows. But it’s got to be done.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003ci>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">This \u003c/span>\u003c/i>\u003ca href=\"https://www.statnews.com/2018/09/26/hiv-aids-end-of-transmission-goal/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">\u003ci>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">story\u003c/span>\u003c/i>\u003c/a>\u003ci>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\"> was originally published by STAT, an online publication of Boston Globe Media that covers health, medicine, and scientific discovery.\u003c/span>\u003c/i>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad floatright]\u003c/p>\n",
"disqusIdentifier": "444621 https://ww2.kqed.org/futureofyou/?p=444621",
"disqusUrl": "https://ww2.kqed.org/futureofyou/2018/09/26/is-the-end-of-hiv-transmission-in-the-u-s-near/",
"stats": {
"hasVideo": false,
"hasChartOrMap": false,
"hasAudio": false,
"hasPolis": false,
"wordCount": 2173,
"hasGoogleForm": false,
"hasGallery": false,
"hasHearkenModule": false,
"iframeSrcs": [],
"paragraphCount": 43
},
"modified": 1538001420,
"excerpt": null,
"headData": {
"twImgId": "",
"twTitle": "",
"ogTitle": "",
"ogImgId": "",
"twDescription": "",
"description": "A mere decade ago, 45,000 Americans a year were contracting HIV. Since the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention started collecting data on HIV-related deaths just over 30 years ago, more than half a million of those people have died from AIDS. And yet, today, the struggle against HIV may be undergoing a sea change.",
"title": "Is the End of HIV Transmission in the U.S. Near? | KQED",
"ogDescription": "",
"schema": {
"@context": "https://schema.org",
"@type": "Article",
"headline": "Is the End of HIV Transmission in the U.S. Near?",
"datePublished": "2018-09-26T15:32:50-07:00",
"dateModified": "2018-09-26T15:37:00-07:00",
"image": "https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2020/02/KQED-OG-Image@1x.png"
}
},
"guestAuthors": [],
"slug": "is-the-end-of-hiv-transmission-in-the-u-s-near",
"status": "publish",
"nprByline": "Helen Branswell\u003cbr />STAT",
"source": "Health",
"path": "/futureofyou/444621/is-the-end-of-hiv-transmission-in-the-u-s-near",
"audioTrackLength": null,
"parsedContent": [
{
"type": "contentString",
"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp class=\"danger-zone\">\u003cspan class=\"big-cap-wrap\">\u003cspan class=\"big-cap\">A \u003c/span>\u003c/span>mere decade ago, 45,000 Americans a year were contracting HIV. Since the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention started collecting data on HIV-related deaths just over 30 years ago, more than half a million of those people have died from AIDS.\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp class=\"danger-zone\">And yet, today, the struggle against HIV may be undergoing a sea change.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp class=\"danger-zone\">U.S. health officials and HIV experts are beginning to talk about a future \u003ca href=\"https://www.statnews.com/2018/03/29/cdc-director-hiv-remarks/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">in which transmission in the United States could be halted\u003c/a>. And that future, they say, could come not within a generation, but in the span of just a few years.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp class=\"\">“We have the science to solve the AIDS epidemic,” Dr. Robert Redfield, the director of the CDC, himself a longtime HIV researcher and clinician, told STAT in a recent interview. “We’ve invested in it. Let’s put it into action.‘’\u003c/p>\n\u003cp class=\"\">Other leaders in the HIV field have been musing about the idea, buoyed by the astonishing impact effective HIV medications have wrought, both on the lives of people infected with or at risk of contracting the virus, and on the trajectory of the epidemic.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp class=\"\">“It’s certainly doable in the United States,” said Dr. Anthony Fauci, director of the National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases and a researcher whose study focused on HIV from the earliest days of the AIDS epidemic.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Fauci and other health experts are quick to point out that the goal of stopping transmission entirely is largely theoretical. There will always be some new cases, and the barriers to providing treatment to existing cases remain significant. There are still just under 40,000 people in the U.S. each year contracting HIV. As Fauci put it: “We live in a real world, we don’t live in a theoretical world.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But “if we implement all the tools that we have and if we can theoretically, conceptually, get everybody who’s HIV infected on antiretroviral drug so that they will not transmit the infection to anyone else, theoretically you could end the epidemic tomorrow by doing that,” he added.\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In the absence of a highly effective vaccine — and likely, even, in the presence of one — consigning the global HIV/AIDS epidemic to the history books would be impossible. And at the moment, that’s moot: Despite decades of research on HIV vaccines, the holy grail of HIV control remains an unmet goal.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Still, even without a vaccine, experts believe transmission could be largely stopped in this country — a goal that until the past few years would have been unthinkable.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In March, Redfield told CDC staff that he believed HIV transmission in the United States \u003ca href=\"https://www.statnews.com/2018/03/29/cdc-director-hiv-remarks/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">could be halted over the next three to seven years\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The foundation of the dream is the realization that, if taken correctly, today’s potent antiretroviral drugs will drive down the amount of virus in an HIV-infected person’s system to undetectable levels. People who reach that state, known as viral suppression, are not contagious — even, it seems, if they have unprotected sex.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Accumulated data from several studies show that in nearly 80,000 condomless sex acts between pairs of men who had discordant HIV status — one was negative, the other was positive, but virally suppressed — not a single new infection occurred.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In the HIV world, that finding has given rise to a slogan: U = U, or undetectable equals untransmissible. To maximize the benefits of viral suppression, though, people must know their HIV status and start treatment if they are infected. Currently the CDC estimates that 15 percent of infected Americans are unaware they are HIV positive.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“People with HIV infection need to be diagnosed, getting care, stay in care, get on antiretrovirals, and get their viral load down to undetectable,” Redfield said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Pairing the power of viral suppression with another tool further increases the chances of stopping spread of the virus. That other tool is \u003ca href=\"https://www.statnews.com/2018/07/24/digital-pill-prep-truvada/\">PrEP\u003c/a>, pre-exposure prophylaxis — antiretroviral drugs used to prevent infection in people who are at high risk of contracting the virus.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Taken correctly, PrEP reduces the risk of contracting HIV from an infected partner by 95 percent. If the infected partner is virally suppressed, the risk is lower still.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But the benefits of PrEP can only be reaped if people use it. Currently too few do. The CDC estimates that about 1.1 million people in the U.S. should be taking PrEP, including men who have sex with men, sex workers, and transgender women, a population with a highly elevated risk of contracting HIV. But only about 200,000 are actually using it, Redfield said.\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Paradoxically, doctors bear part of the blame for that gap.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“There is a large number of people who are not comfortable prescribing PrEP or have not been taught how to prescribe PrEP, whether it be in their residency, fellowship, or post-graduate training,” said Dr. Robert Goldstein, medical director of the transgender health program at Massachusetts General Hospital and an instructor at Harvard Medical School.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“We’re limited by stigma within the medical community and within the LGBT community. We’re limited by lack of provider knowledge. We’re limited by awareness among those at highest risk of HIV infection,” Goldstein said. “And those limitations result in rising rates of new HIV infections in men who have sex with men while we see across the country actually dropping rates of new HIV infections year after year.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In some cases, the problem of too little PrEP prescribing is due to a lack of training, and in other cases, something else may be at play, suggested Dr. Demetre Daskalakis, the New York Department of Health’s deputy commissioner of disease control.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“We still have to sell this to [clinicians] who are like, ‘Why would I be offering people PrEP, if it’s going to encourage them to have condomless sex?’” he said. “And our answer tends to be, ‘They’re already having condomless sex and this prevents HIV.’”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>New York is one of several cities — San Francisco and Washington, D.C., among them — that have moved aggressively to harness the power of the treatment and prevention, working to actively identify people who are HIV-positive but who haven’t yet been tested, or haven’t yet started taking antiretroviral drugs, as well as people who should be using PrEP, but are not.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>New York has expanded the remit of its sexual health clinics to help identify these patients and get them into treatment, said Daskalakis, who explained it’s about “snagging” the people most at risk “where they come for service.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Anyone who is newly diagnosed with HIV is offered antiretroviral drugs immediately. No waiting for a follow-up appointment, which increases the possibility the patient won’t return. And it’s working “with just staggering success,” said Daskalakis.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“What we’re finding is that they get virally suppressed faster,” he said. “It’s sort of the dream, that when you start people on medicines for infections they have on the day of their diagnosis, all of a sudden you see that they’re interested in connecting to care and actually follow through.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Likewise, people who test negative for HIV but who are deemed at risk of becoming infected are offered a starter pack of PrEP. The efforts led to a sharp upswing in the number of people taking PrEP — and a swift decline in the number of new HIV diagnoses. In 2016, new infections dropped 10 percent overall, and 15 percent among men who have sex with men, Daskalakis said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The cost of PrEP is steep — $1,500 a month without insurance or assistance from the manufacturer. But New York state has an assistance program that helps with the cost of the medical care PrEP use requires, and there’s a patient assistance program for those who can’t pay for the drug. At the end of the day, Daskalakis said, with a combination of programs, most patients can access PrEP.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“In New York, the answer is yes. But I would be more worried about talking to someone in Mississippi,” he said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>That isn’t an insignificant consideration. The epidemic in the United States is currently being driven, in large part, by infections among African-American and Latino men who have sex with men in several Southern states.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Fauci is a believer in the active style of HIV interventions New York and other cities are employing. “You can’t do business as usual,” he said. “You’ve got to have an aggressive approach.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But he’s always cognizant that translating the successes of Washington or New York to less urban settings — where access to care is more limited and stigma may be greater — likely won’t be as simple as changing some wording on some brochures.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Is that going to work in Alabama? In Georgia? In Mississippi and Louisiana? That’s where we’ve got to put the focus on,” Fauci said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Another challenge that likely won’t be easily overcome relates to the opioid epidemic. The growth in the use of injectable drugs — specifically the sharing of syringes — has driven up HIV and hepatitis C rates in people using illicit substances.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Research shows that needle exchange programs reduce those infections. Separately, a number of cities — San Francisco, Philadelphia, New York, and Seattle, among them— have been exploring opening \u003ca href=\"https://www.statnews.com/2017/12/13/supervised-injection-facilities-doctor/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">safe injection sites\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But just as some doctors associate PrEP prescription with enabling unsafe behavior, the notion of sanctioned injection sites and syringe programs draws the ire of people who believe they encourage illegal activity.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In an opinion piece in the New York Times, Deputy Attorney General Rod Rosenstein warned the Department of Justice would take swift action against cities that open such facilities, calling them illegal.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Americans struggling with addiction need treatment and reduced access to deadly drugs. They do not need a taxpayer-sponsored haven to shoot up,” he wrote.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Public health experts counter that criminalizing drug use hasn’t worked. Officials can’t “punish people into getting well,” said Dr. Sarah Wakeman, medical director of the substance use disorder program at Mass. General.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“At the highest levels of our government, there’s a lot of opposition and antipathy to the idea of harm reduction,” Wakeman said of Rosenstein’s commentary. “And in fact, in that op-ed, it was very clearly stated that these efforts are ‘enabling’ — which I think is one of the many kind of myths around harm reduction.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“We’ll never get to a place where we can stop the spread of HIV unless we are willing to rethink the way we take care of, and our policy towards people who use drugs in this country,” she said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Needle exchange programs have some high-profile supporters, including top officials who have had up-close experience with the problem. The CDC’s Redfield has a son \u003ca href=\"https://www.apnews.com/8cc276150f7e4860bc05bdd4ac04d5e0\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">who has struggled with opioid addiction\u003c/a>; Surgeon General Jerome Adams \u003ca href=\"https://www.statnews.com/2017/12/07/surgeon-general-and-his-brother/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">has a younger brother who has fought addiction\u003c/a> for two decades.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“We believe there is clear evidence that needle exchange programs can reduce the risk of transmission of HIV infection,” said Redfield. Adams \u003ca href=\"https://www.statnews.com/2018/09/20/surgeon-general-jerome-adams-year-one/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">told STAT\u003c/a> last week: “When I see a [needle exchange] program close, what that says to me is that we haven’t done a good enough job communicating to the community why this program is important and the value that it provides.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The hardest sell yet may be to convince authorities that successfully containing the spread of HIV in the U.S. requires addressing transmission in prisons. Prisons, in theory, “should be easy, because it’s a confined population,” said Fauci. He acknowledged, however, the gap is wide here between theory and reality.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“You’ve just got to get really flexible in what you do and recognize that there is sex going on, there is injection drug use going on. And if you really want to address it, you really have to address it in those settings,” he said. “And that, I know, is going to raise a lot of eyebrows. But it’s got to be done.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003ci>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">This \u003c/span>\u003c/i>\u003ca href=\"https://www.statnews.com/2018/09/26/hiv-aids-end-of-transmission-goal/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">\u003ci>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">story\u003c/span>\u003c/i>\u003c/a>\u003ci>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\"> was originally published by STAT, an online publication of Boston Globe Media that covers health, medicine, and scientific discovery.\u003c/span>\u003c/i>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
"attributes": {
"named": {},
"numeric": []
}
},
{
"type": "component",
"content": "",
"name": "ad",
"attributes": {
"named": {
"label": "fullwidth"
},
"numeric": [
"fullwidth"
]
}
},
{
"type": "contentString",
"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
"attributes": {
"named": {},
"numeric": []
}
},
{
"type": "component",
"content": "",
"name": "ad",
"attributes": {
"named": {
"label": "floatright"
},
"numeric": [
"floatright"
]
}
},
{
"type": "contentString",
"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>",
"attributes": {
"named": {},
"numeric": []
}
}
],
"link": "/futureofyou/444621/is-the-end-of-hiv-transmission-in-the-u-s-near",
"authors": [
"byline_futureofyou_444621"
],
"categories": [
"futureofyou_1062",
"futureofyou_1",
"futureofyou_73"
],
"tags": [
"futureofyou_141",
"futureofyou_1275",
"futureofyou_61",
"futureofyou_651",
"futureofyou_835"
],
"collections": [
"futureofyou_1097"
],
"featImg": "futureofyou_444626",
"label": "source_futureofyou_444621"
},
"futureofyou_444598": {
"type": "posts",
"id": "futureofyou_444598",
"meta": {
"index": "posts_1716263798",
"site": "futureofyou",
"id": "444598",
"score": null,
"sort": [
1537711228000
]
},
"guestAuthors": [],
"slug": "teens-sleeping-too-much-or-not-enough-parents-can-help",
"title": "Teens Sleeping Too Much, Or Not Enough? Parents Can Help",
"publishDate": 1537711228,
"format": "standard",
"headTitle": "Teens Sleeping Too Much, Or Not Enough? Parents Can Help | KQED",
"labelTerm": {},
"content": "\u003cp>Within three days of starting high school this year, my ninth-grader could not get into bed before 11 p.m. or wake up by 6 a.m. He complained he couldn’t fall asleep but felt foggy during the school day and had to reread lessons a few times at night to finish his homework. And forget morning activities on the weekends — he was in bed.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>We’re not the only family struggling to get restful shut-eye.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“What parents are sharing with us is that the ‘normal life’ of a typical American high schooler is interfering with sleep,” says \u003ca href=\"https://chear.org/people/faculty-investigators/sarah-clark\">Sarah Clark\u003c/a>, co-director of C.S. Mott Children’s Hospital \u003ca href=\"http://mottnpch.org/\">National Poll on Children’s Health\u003c/a> at the University of Michigan.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In the \u003ca href=\"https://mottpoll.org/sites/default/files/documents/091718_Sleep.pdf\">poll\u003c/a> of 2,000 parents from various ethnic groups and backgrounds that Clark and her team published this month, 1 in 6 parents say their teen experiences frequent sleep problems — “having trouble falling asleep or staying asleep 3 or more nights per week.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>More than half the parents say it’s because their teens won’t get off their electronic devices, and 43 percent blame irregular schedules with homework and activities.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>A significant percentage of parents say their kids worry about school (31 percent), and 23 percent say their teens stay up worrying about their social lives.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>It’s likely that the numbers of teens who have trouble sleeping is even higher than the poll of parents suggests, Clark says, because kids can hide their nighttime electronics use and parents may not frequently check in on older children.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>How can parents help? Start with knowing what kids need.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The average American teenager gets \u003ca href=\"https://www.nationwidechildrens.org/specialties/sleep-disorder-center/sleep-in-adolescents\">seven hours\u003c/a> of sleep a night, wedging it in between homework, outside activities, dinner and maybe a job. But research \u003ca href=\"https://www.npr.org/sections/health-shots/2012/02/14/146881838/how-much-sleep-do-kids-need-not-such-a-mystery-after-all\">suggests\u003c/a> teens need more like nine hours.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Unfortunately, even their bodies work against them, says \u003ca href=\"https://vivo.brown.edu/display/mcarskad\">Mary Carskadon\u003c/a>, a longtime sleep researcher and professor of psychiatry and human behavior at Brown University. As children grow into the middle and teen years, they are naturally inclined to \u003ca href=\"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3130594/\">go to bed later\u003c/a> and sleep later in the morning. But an early school start time doesn’t allow it.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“If kids’ body clocks are shifting later and the school is starting earlier, there’s no time left to recover,” Carskadon says.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>She and Clark have evidence-based tips for weary teens and their parents:\u003c/p>\n\u003cul>\n\u003cli>\u003cstrong>Put electronics away and out of reach.\u003c/strong> Research has long shown that screen time interferes with good sleep because \u003ca href=\"https://www.npr.org/sections/health-shots/2016/11/19/502610055/heavy-screen-time-rewires-young-brains-for-better-and-worse\">it’s stimulating\u003c/a>, and those “\u003ca href=\"https://www.npr.org/2017/12/03/568133027/encore-blue-light-and-sleep\">blue light filters\u003c/a>” that minimize the most troublesome part of the spectrum won’t help much if you’re stressed out. So do whatever it takes to make sleep hours electronics-free. “If I were an entrepreneur, my get-rich-quick scheme would be the family tech lockbox,” says Carskadon. (There are already a few \u003ca href=\"http://www.distractagone.com/\">phone lockers\u003c/a> in the works or \u003ca href=\"https://www.amazon.com/Mounted-Phone-Locker-Storage-Acrylic/dp/B0765C89CY\">on the market\u003c/a> that may do the trick.)\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>\u003cstrong>Instill a regular bedtime routine.\u003c/strong> Try to turn the lights out at around the same time and wake up at the same time, even on weekends, because the evidence shows you can’t really “make up” missed sleep \u003ca href=\"https://www.npr.org/2018/07/20/630792401/sleep-scientist-warns-against-walking-through-life-in-an-underslept-state\">on the weekends\u003c/a>.\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>\u003cstrong>Sleep masks are useful, but avoid long naps. \u003c/strong>Sleep masks can help create an environment conducive to sleep, says Carskadon, as can trying to prevent sleepy kids from taking long,\u003cstrong> \u003c/strong>late afternoon naps. A 20-minute nap \u003ca href=\"https://www.npr.org/sections/health-shots/2017/05/15/527952956/stressed-out-high-schoolers-advised-to-take-a-nap-pod\">might be refreshing\u003c/a>, but longer sleep sessions during the day can make it harder to get good rest at night. “The kids who struggle most at night are the ones who will be falling asleep in school, going to the nurse’s office, and pouring a bowl of Cheerios and falling asleep in them,” Carskadon says.\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>\u003cstrong>Limit caffeine — even more than you already do.\u003c/strong> After school, many teens grab a soda or an energy drink to power through the rest of the afternoon. But this just makes going to bed on time more difficult, which, in turn, makes the next day harder. The disruptions add up. In the Mott survey, 54 percent of parents had their teens limit caffeine in the evening, notes Clark, although she suggests cutting it back earlier in the day or even completely.\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>\u003cstrong>Pull back on the crammed schedule.\u003c/strong> This is antithetical to what many parents of high school students and some students themselves think they should do to get into college. But does your teen really need to star in the school play, run for student council and be the starting quarterback for the high school football team? “Pick one,” says Carskadon.\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>\u003cstrong>Teach time management.\u003c/strong> If you don’t have four hours straight to get homework done at night, break it up into chunks. “If you have 45 minutes before your activity, go to the library and get one or two subjects out of the way,” Clark suggests.\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>\u003cstrong>Before trying a drugstore sleep aid, talk to your doctor.\u003c/strong> The Mott survey suggests parents frequently turn to remedies like melatonin and over-the-counter drugs like Tylenol PM or NyQuil. But Clark encourages parents and teens to discuss these with a physician first. Melatonin isn’t always gentle or effective, and scientists still \u003ca href=\"https://nccih.nih.gov/health/melatonin\">don’t know much\u003c/a> about its long-term effects, according to the National Institutes of Health. And the heavy use of OTC drugs can be habit-forming and \u003ca href=\"https://www.npr.org/templates/story/story.php?storyId=106167255\">hard on the liver\u003c/a>.\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>\u003cstrong>Pursue policy changes.\u003c/strong> Most sleep scientists say it would be healthier for older children to \u003ca href=\"https://www.nytimes.com/2018/09/20/opinion/sunday/sleep-school-start-time-screens-teenagers.html?action=click&module=MoreInSection&pgtype=Article®ion=Footer&contentCollection=Opinion\">start school later\u003c/a> in the morning than most U.S. school districts do. The California Legislature \u003ca href=\"http://www.latimes.com/politics/essential/la-pol-ca-essential-politics-may-2018-tired-teens-could-get-to-sleep-in-after-1535779353-htmlstory.html\">passed a bill\u003c/a> last month requiring most middle schools and high schools to start no earlier than 8:30 a.m. by 2021, but Gov. Jerry Brown vetoed it on Thursday. Such a change nationally won’t come easily. “The school start time issue is very fraught,” Carskadon notes. Many teachers are fighting it, and working parents may not be able to shift their schedules and other child care obligations.\u003c/li>\n\u003c/ul>\n\u003cp>Meanwhile, Clark and Carskadon say, the most effective thing we parents can do is listen to our kids — talk with them about their sleep challenges and help them set a regular sleep schedule. It’s never to early (or too late) to find healthy ways to relieve \u003ca href=\"https://www.npr.org/sections/health-shots/2014/07/17/332058265/skimping-on-sleep-can-stress-body-and-brain\">daytime stresses\u003c/a> that can disrupt sleep at night, whatever your age.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad floatright]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Best idea yet, parents: We can set a good example, by putting our own electronics away — really away — at bedtime. \u003c/p>\n\u003cdiv class=\"fullattribution\">Copyright 2018 NPR. To see more, visit http://www.npr.org/.\u003cimg decoding=\"async\" src=\"https://www.google-analytics.com/__utm.gif?utmac=UA-5828686-4&utmdt=Teens+Sleeping+Too+Much%2C+Or+Not+Enough%3F+Parents+Can+Help&utme=8(APIKey)9(MDAxOTAwOTE4MDEyMTkxMDAzNjczZDljZA004)\">\u003c/div>\n\n",
"blocks": [],
"excerpt": "Though teenagers need about nine hours of rest a night, most get only seven and are suffering. A new survey suggests their parents are struggling, too. Here's how to improve the quality of teen sleep.",
"status": "publish",
"parent": 0,
"modified": 1721118155,
"stats": {
"hasAudio": false,
"hasVideo": false,
"hasChartOrMap": false,
"iframeSrcs": [],
"hasGoogleForm": false,
"hasGallery": false,
"hasHearkenModule": false,
"hasPolis": false,
"paragraphCount": 16,
"wordCount": 1140
},
"headData": {
"title": "Teens Sleeping Too Much, Or Not Enough? Parents Can Help",
"description": "Though teenagers need about nine hours of rest a night, most get only seven and are suffering. A new survey suggests their parents are struggling, too. Here's how to improve the quality of teen sleep.",
"ogTitle": "",
"ogDescription": "",
"ogImgId": "",
"twTitle": "",
"twDescription": "",
"twImgId": "",
"schema": {
"@context": "https://schema.org",
"@type": "Article",
"headline": "Teens Sleeping Too Much, Or Not Enough? Parents Can Help",
"datePublished": "2018-09-23T07:00:28-07:00",
"dateModified": "2024-07-16T01:22:35-07:00",
"image": "https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2020/02/KQED-OG-Image@1x.png"
}
},
"source": "Health",
"sticky": false,
"nprByline": "April Fulton",
"nprStoryId": "650452971",
"nprApiLink": "http://api.npr.org/query?id=650452971&apiKey=MDAxOTAwOTE4MDEyMTkxMDAzNjczZDljZA004",
"nprHtmlLink": "https://www.npr.org/sections/health-shots/2018/09/23/650452971/teens-sleeping-too-much-or-not-enough-parents-can-help?ft=nprml&f=650452971",
"nprRetrievedStory": "1",
"nprPubDate": "Wed, 26 Sep 2018 11:47:00 -0400",
"nprStoryDate": "Sun, 23 Sep 2018 07:00:28 -0400",
"nprLastModifiedDate": "Wed, 26 Sep 2018 11:47:16 -0400",
"path": "/futureofyou/444598/teens-sleeping-too-much-or-not-enough-parents-can-help",
"audioTrackLength": null,
"parsedContent": [
{
"type": "contentString",
"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>Within three days of starting high school this year, my ninth-grader could not get into bed before 11 p.m. or wake up by 6 a.m. He complained he couldn’t fall asleep but felt foggy during the school day and had to reread lessons a few times at night to finish his homework. And forget morning activities on the weekends — he was in bed.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>We’re not the only family struggling to get restful shut-eye.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“What parents are sharing with us is that the ‘normal life’ of a typical American high schooler is interfering with sleep,” says \u003ca href=\"https://chear.org/people/faculty-investigators/sarah-clark\">Sarah Clark\u003c/a>, co-director of C.S. Mott Children’s Hospital \u003ca href=\"http://mottnpch.org/\">National Poll on Children’s Health\u003c/a> at the University of Michigan.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In the \u003ca href=\"https://mottpoll.org/sites/default/files/documents/091718_Sleep.pdf\">poll\u003c/a> of 2,000 parents from various ethnic groups and backgrounds that Clark and her team published this month, 1 in 6 parents say their teen experiences frequent sleep problems — “having trouble falling asleep or staying asleep 3 or more nights per week.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>More than half the parents say it’s because their teens won’t get off their electronic devices, and 43 percent blame irregular schedules with homework and activities.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
"attributes": {
"named": {},
"numeric": []
}
},
{
"type": "component",
"content": "",
"name": "ad",
"attributes": {
"named": {
"label": "fullwidth"
},
"numeric": [
"fullwidth"
]
}
},
{
"type": "contentString",
"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>A significant percentage of parents say their kids worry about school (31 percent), and 23 percent say their teens stay up worrying about their social lives.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>It’s likely that the numbers of teens who have trouble sleeping is even higher than the poll of parents suggests, Clark says, because kids can hide their nighttime electronics use and parents may not frequently check in on older children.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>How can parents help? Start with knowing what kids need.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The average American teenager gets \u003ca href=\"https://www.nationwidechildrens.org/specialties/sleep-disorder-center/sleep-in-adolescents\">seven hours\u003c/a> of sleep a night, wedging it in between homework, outside activities, dinner and maybe a job. But research \u003ca href=\"https://www.npr.org/sections/health-shots/2012/02/14/146881838/how-much-sleep-do-kids-need-not-such-a-mystery-after-all\">suggests\u003c/a> teens need more like nine hours.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Unfortunately, even their bodies work against them, says \u003ca href=\"https://vivo.brown.edu/display/mcarskad\">Mary Carskadon\u003c/a>, a longtime sleep researcher and professor of psychiatry and human behavior at Brown University. As children grow into the middle and teen years, they are naturally inclined to \u003ca href=\"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3130594/\">go to bed later\u003c/a> and sleep later in the morning. But an early school start time doesn’t allow it.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“If kids’ body clocks are shifting later and the school is starting earlier, there’s no time left to recover,” Carskadon says.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>She and Clark have evidence-based tips for weary teens and their parents:\u003c/p>\n\u003cul>\n\u003cli>\u003cstrong>Put electronics away and out of reach.\u003c/strong> Research has long shown that screen time interferes with good sleep because \u003ca href=\"https://www.npr.org/sections/health-shots/2016/11/19/502610055/heavy-screen-time-rewires-young-brains-for-better-and-worse\">it’s stimulating\u003c/a>, and those “\u003ca href=\"https://www.npr.org/2017/12/03/568133027/encore-blue-light-and-sleep\">blue light filters\u003c/a>” that minimize the most troublesome part of the spectrum won’t help much if you’re stressed out. So do whatever it takes to make sleep hours electronics-free. “If I were an entrepreneur, my get-rich-quick scheme would be the family tech lockbox,” says Carskadon. (There are already a few \u003ca href=\"http://www.distractagone.com/\">phone lockers\u003c/a> in the works or \u003ca href=\"https://www.amazon.com/Mounted-Phone-Locker-Storage-Acrylic/dp/B0765C89CY\">on the market\u003c/a> that may do the trick.)\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>\u003cstrong>Instill a regular bedtime routine.\u003c/strong> Try to turn the lights out at around the same time and wake up at the same time, even on weekends, because the evidence shows you can’t really “make up” missed sleep \u003ca href=\"https://www.npr.org/2018/07/20/630792401/sleep-scientist-warns-against-walking-through-life-in-an-underslept-state\">on the weekends\u003c/a>.\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>\u003cstrong>Sleep masks are useful, but avoid long naps. \u003c/strong>Sleep masks can help create an environment conducive to sleep, says Carskadon, as can trying to prevent sleepy kids from taking long,\u003cstrong> \u003c/strong>late afternoon naps. A 20-minute nap \u003ca href=\"https://www.npr.org/sections/health-shots/2017/05/15/527952956/stressed-out-high-schoolers-advised-to-take-a-nap-pod\">might be refreshing\u003c/a>, but longer sleep sessions during the day can make it harder to get good rest at night. “The kids who struggle most at night are the ones who will be falling asleep in school, going to the nurse’s office, and pouring a bowl of Cheerios and falling asleep in them,” Carskadon says.\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>\u003cstrong>Limit caffeine — even more than you already do.\u003c/strong> After school, many teens grab a soda or an energy drink to power through the rest of the afternoon. But this just makes going to bed on time more difficult, which, in turn, makes the next day harder. The disruptions add up. In the Mott survey, 54 percent of parents had their teens limit caffeine in the evening, notes Clark, although she suggests cutting it back earlier in the day or even completely.\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>\u003cstrong>Pull back on the crammed schedule.\u003c/strong> This is antithetical to what many parents of high school students and some students themselves think they should do to get into college. But does your teen really need to star in the school play, run for student council and be the starting quarterback for the high school football team? “Pick one,” says Carskadon.\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>\u003cstrong>Teach time management.\u003c/strong> If you don’t have four hours straight to get homework done at night, break it up into chunks. “If you have 45 minutes before your activity, go to the library and get one or two subjects out of the way,” Clark suggests.\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>\u003cstrong>Before trying a drugstore sleep aid, talk to your doctor.\u003c/strong> The Mott survey suggests parents frequently turn to remedies like melatonin and over-the-counter drugs like Tylenol PM or NyQuil. But Clark encourages parents and teens to discuss these with a physician first. Melatonin isn’t always gentle or effective, and scientists still \u003ca href=\"https://nccih.nih.gov/health/melatonin\">don’t know much\u003c/a> about its long-term effects, according to the National Institutes of Health. And the heavy use of OTC drugs can be habit-forming and \u003ca href=\"https://www.npr.org/templates/story/story.php?storyId=106167255\">hard on the liver\u003c/a>.\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>\u003cstrong>Pursue policy changes.\u003c/strong> Most sleep scientists say it would be healthier for older children to \u003ca href=\"https://www.nytimes.com/2018/09/20/opinion/sunday/sleep-school-start-time-screens-teenagers.html?action=click&module=MoreInSection&pgtype=Article®ion=Footer&contentCollection=Opinion\">start school later\u003c/a> in the morning than most U.S. school districts do. The California Legislature \u003ca href=\"http://www.latimes.com/politics/essential/la-pol-ca-essential-politics-may-2018-tired-teens-could-get-to-sleep-in-after-1535779353-htmlstory.html\">passed a bill\u003c/a> last month requiring most middle schools and high schools to start no earlier than 8:30 a.m. by 2021, but Gov. Jerry Brown vetoed it on Thursday. Such a change nationally won’t come easily. “The school start time issue is very fraught,” Carskadon notes. Many teachers are fighting it, and working parents may not be able to shift their schedules and other child care obligations.\u003c/li>\n\u003c/ul>\n\u003cp>Meanwhile, Clark and Carskadon say, the most effective thing we parents can do is listen to our kids — talk with them about their sleep challenges and help them set a regular sleep schedule. It’s never to early (or too late) to find healthy ways to relieve \u003ca href=\"https://www.npr.org/sections/health-shots/2014/07/17/332058265/skimping-on-sleep-can-stress-body-and-brain\">daytime stresses\u003c/a> that can disrupt sleep at night, whatever your age.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
"attributes": {
"named": {},
"numeric": []
}
},
{
"type": "component",
"content": "",
"name": "ad",
"attributes": {
"named": {
"label": "floatright"
},
"numeric": [
"floatright"
]
}
},
{
"type": "contentString",
"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Best idea yet, parents: We can set a good example, by putting our own electronics away — really away — at bedtime. \u003c/p>\n\u003cdiv class=\"fullattribution\">Copyright 2018 NPR. To see more, visit http://www.npr.org/.\u003cimg decoding=\"async\" src=\"https://www.google-analytics.com/__utm.gif?utmac=UA-5828686-4&utmdt=Teens+Sleeping+Too+Much%2C+Or+Not+Enough%3F+Parents+Can+Help&utme=8(APIKey)9(MDAxOTAwOTE4MDEyMTkxMDAzNjczZDljZA004)\">\u003c/div>\n\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>",
"attributes": {
"named": {},
"numeric": []
}
}
],
"link": "/futureofyou/444598/teens-sleeping-too-much-or-not-enough-parents-can-help",
"authors": [
"byline_futureofyou_444598"
],
"categories": [
"futureofyou_1"
],
"tags": [
"futureofyou_61",
"futureofyou_180",
"futureofyou_872"
],
"collections": [
"futureofyou_1093"
],
"featImg": "futureofyou_444601",
"label": "source_futureofyou_444598"
},
"futureofyou_444536": {
"type": "posts",
"id": "futureofyou_444536",
"meta": {
"index": "posts_1716263798",
"site": "futureofyou",
"id": "444536",
"score": null,
"sort": [
1537457413000
]
},
"parent": 0,
"labelTerm": {},
"blocks": [],
"publishDate": 1537457413,
"format": "standard",
"disqusTitle": "IVF And Infertility Tech May Lead To Health Risks For The Baby",
"title": "IVF And Infertility Tech May Lead To Health Risks For The Baby",
"headTitle": "KQED Future of You | KQED Science",
"content": "\u003cp>When patients come to Dr. Molly Quinn for infertility treatments, they usually aren't too interested in hearing about the possible downsides, she says. They just want to get pregnant.[contextly_sidebar id=\"ey0hWotixUsdyo0wQnYUMCoyOptxLTRK\"]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Still, she always discusses the risks. For example, there's an increased likelihood of twins or triplets — which increases the chances of \u003ca href=\"https://www.urmc.rochester.edu/encyclopedia/content.aspx?ContentTypeID=85&ContentID=P08021\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">medical complications\u003c/a> for both moms and babies. And stimulating the ovaries to ripen extra eggs can, in a small number of cases, cause the ovaries to rupture.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"https://www.uclahealth.org/molly-quinn\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Quinn\u003c/a>, an infertility specialist and assistant professor of obstetrics and gynecology at the University of California, Los Angeles, now has a new hazard to consider. According to \u003ca href=\"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0735109718354809?via%3Dihub\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">research\u003c/a> published this month in the \u003cem>Journal of the American College of Cardiology\u003c/em>, children conceived through certain infertility treatments may be at a higher risk for cardiovascular disease.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Parents shouldn't panic, the study's authors say: The findings are preliminary, and the study cohort was fairly small. Still, they say, it means that families who used infertility treatments should be particularly vigilant about screening for high blood pressure in their children and help them avoid other cardiovascular risk factors, such as smoking, obesity and a sedentary lifestyle.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"Fertility clinics should really ... counsel about potential risks for their kids,\" says \u003ca href=\"http://www.dbmr.unibe.ch/research/research_groups/personenpool/cardiology/prof_dr_med_scherrer_urs/index_eng.html\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Dr. Urs Scherrer\u003c/a>, a visiting professor at the University of Bern in Switzerland and a senior author of the study.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Scherrer and his colleagues followed the health of children conceived through assisted reproductive technology for more than a decade. \u003ca href=\"https://medlineplus.gov/assistedreproductivetechnology.html\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">ART\u003c/a> is an umbrella term that covers a number of different types of procedures, including in vitro fertilization, in which sperm and eggs are mixed in a lab dish, and intracytoplasmic sperm injection, in which sperm are inserted directly into eggs. Today, roughly 2 percent of all births in the U.S are conceived via ART.[contextly_sidebar id=\"QmmfxSiEfwbF2B1GB9guL21XilL52eqX\"]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In 2012, the same team of scientists published a \u003ca href=\"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22434595\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">major paper\u003c/a> showing that 65 healthy kids born with the help of ART were more likely than their peers to have early signs of problematic blood vessels. The current study, comparing 54 of those original children with 43 age- and sex-matched peers, shows those early irregularities — signs of \"premature vascular aging\", the scientists say — persist into adolescence and young adulthood.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Kids in the study who were conceived via ART are now 16 years old, on average, but have blood vessels resembling those of middle-aged adults, the scientists found.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>And those differences seemed to be enough to boost the teens' blood pressure. Everyone in the study underwent round-the-clock blood pressure monitoring for 24 hours, and the differences between a group conceived by ART and teens in the control group were significant. The ART group had markedly higher blood pressure; about 15 percent met the criteria for hypertension.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The study adds to a small but \u003ca href=\"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24270419\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">growing\u003c/a> \u003ca href=\"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/27420642\">body\u003c/a> of research suggesting that children conceived this way may have an elevated risk of hypertension and its health complications.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Scientists say they don't yet know why that would be true, but they hypothesize that \u003ca href=\"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC1392256/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">epigenetics\u003c/a> — the interplay of environment and genes — plays a role. Something about the manipulation of the eggs and sperm in the lab might affect which genes are turned on or off as embryos develop.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Medical specialists who study high blood pressure in kids called the research striking.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"The fact that these kids already have abnormal vasculature is quite concerning,\" says \u003ca href=\"http://www.seattlechildrens.org/medical-staff/joseph-t-flynn/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Dr. Joseph Flynn\u003c/a>, a pediatrician who helped write the American Academy of Pediatrics' guidelines about blood pressure management. \"I think the fact that they saw these changes at an early age and that they're still persisting into adolescence is worrisome for these kids.\"[contextly_sidebar id=\"85O7WjzrUHwoOFYBW2OgPx9FMGcZx2CI\"]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Still, he says, it's unclear what the long-term effects on their cardiovascular health will be. Conception through ART, Flynn says, may confer the same amount of risk as, say, teenage smoking or alcohol use.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Quinn says she would like to see more longitudinal research that tracks long-term consequences of infertility treatments.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"We need to connect these kinds of studies,\" she says. Such research can be more difficult to do in the United States, she notes, because there is no unified medical record, so it's hard to track the babies who are conceived through ART.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Still, she says, it's important for all doctors working in the infertility field to acknowledge that the techniques they use are still evolving.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"We appreciate that there is quite a bit unknown about we do on a day-to-day basis,\" says Quinn. \"We have to be humble.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>For now, \u003ca href=\"http://pediatrics.aappublications.org/content/early/2017/08/21/peds.2017-1904\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">the American Academy of Pediatrics recommends\u003c/a> that every child over the age of 3 get a yearly blood pressure test at the doctor's office — whether or not their parents underwent infertility treatments.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>Mara Gordon is a family physician in Washington, D.C., and a health and media fellow at NPR and Georgetown University School of Medicine.\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\u003cdiv class=\"fullattribution\">Copyright 2018 NPR. To see more, visit http://www.npr.org/.\u003cimg src=\"https://www.google-analytics.com/__utm.gif?utmac=UA-5828686-4&utmdt=Do+IVF+And+Other+Infertility+Tech+Lead+To+Health+Risks+For+The+Baby%3F+Maybe&utme=8(APIKey)9(MDAxOTAwOTE4MDEyMTkxMDAzNjczZDljZA004)\">\u003c/div>\n\n",
"disqusIdentifier": "444536 https://ww2.kqed.org/futureofyou/?p=444536",
"disqusUrl": "https://ww2.kqed.org/futureofyou/2018/09/20/ivf-and-infertility-tech-may-lead-to-health-risks-for-the-baby/",
"stats": {
"hasVideo": false,
"hasChartOrMap": false,
"hasAudio": false,
"hasPolis": false,
"wordCount": 842,
"hasGoogleForm": false,
"hasGallery": false,
"hasHearkenModule": false,
"iframeSrcs": [],
"paragraphCount": 22
},
"modified": 1537434891,
"excerpt": "A small study of teens who were conceived via assisted reproductive technology finds a significant number already have hypertension and premature \"age-related changes\" in their blood vessels.",
"headData": {
"twImgId": "",
"twTitle": "",
"ogTitle": "",
"ogImgId": "",
"twDescription": "",
"description": "A small study of teens who were conceived via assisted reproductive technology finds a significant number already have hypertension and premature "age-related changes" in their blood vessels.",
"title": "IVF And Infertility Tech May Lead To Health Risks For The Baby | KQED",
"ogDescription": "",
"schema": {
"@context": "https://schema.org",
"@type": "Article",
"headline": "IVF And Infertility Tech May Lead To Health Risks For The Baby",
"datePublished": "2018-09-20T08:30:13-07:00",
"dateModified": "2018-09-20T02:14:51-07:00",
"image": "https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2020/02/KQED-OG-Image@1x.png"
}
},
"guestAuthors": [],
"slug": "ivf-and-infertility-tech-may-lead-to-health-risks-for-the-baby",
"status": "publish",
"nprApiLink": "http://api.npr.org/query?id=648923906&apiKey=MDAxOTAwOTE4MDEyMTkxMDAzNjczZDljZA004",
"nprByline": "Mara Gordon, NPR",
"nprStoryDate": "Wed, 19 Sep 2018 12:25:00 -0400",
"nprLastModifiedDate": "Wed, 19 Sep 2018 17:02:26 -0400",
"nprHtmlLink": "https://www.npr.org/sections/health-shots/2018/09/19/648923906/do-ivf-and-other-infertility-tech-lead-to-health-risks-for-the-baby-maybe?ft=nprml&f=648923906",
"nprImageAgency": "Steve Debenport/Getty Images",
"source": "DIY Health",
"nprStoryId": "648923906",
"nprRetrievedStory": "1",
"nprPubDate": "Wed, 19 Sep 2018 17:02:00 -0400",
"path": "/futureofyou/444536/ivf-and-infertility-tech-may-lead-to-health-risks-for-the-baby",
"audioTrackLength": null,
"parsedContent": [
{
"type": "contentString",
"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>When patients come to Dr. Molly Quinn for infertility treatments, they usually aren't too interested in hearing about the possible downsides, she says. They just want to get pregnant.\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Still, she always discusses the risks. For example, there's an increased likelihood of twins or triplets — which increases the chances of \u003ca href=\"https://www.urmc.rochester.edu/encyclopedia/content.aspx?ContentTypeID=85&ContentID=P08021\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">medical complications\u003c/a> for both moms and babies. And stimulating the ovaries to ripen extra eggs can, in a small number of cases, cause the ovaries to rupture.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"https://www.uclahealth.org/molly-quinn\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Quinn\u003c/a>, an infertility specialist and assistant professor of obstetrics and gynecology at the University of California, Los Angeles, now has a new hazard to consider. According to \u003ca href=\"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0735109718354809?via%3Dihub\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">research\u003c/a> published this month in the \u003cem>Journal of the American College of Cardiology\u003c/em>, children conceived through certain infertility treatments may be at a higher risk for cardiovascular disease.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Parents shouldn't panic, the study's authors say: The findings are preliminary, and the study cohort was fairly small. Still, they say, it means that families who used infertility treatments should be particularly vigilant about screening for high blood pressure in their children and help them avoid other cardiovascular risk factors, such as smoking, obesity and a sedentary lifestyle.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"Fertility clinics should really ... counsel about potential risks for their kids,\" says \u003ca href=\"http://www.dbmr.unibe.ch/research/research_groups/personenpool/cardiology/prof_dr_med_scherrer_urs/index_eng.html\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Dr. Urs Scherrer\u003c/a>, a visiting professor at the University of Bern in Switzerland and a senior author of the study.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
"attributes": {
"named": {},
"numeric": []
}
},
{
"type": "component",
"content": "",
"name": "ad",
"attributes": {
"named": {
"label": "fullwidth"
},
"numeric": [
"fullwidth"
]
}
},
{
"type": "contentString",
"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Scherrer and his colleagues followed the health of children conceived through assisted reproductive technology for more than a decade. \u003ca href=\"https://medlineplus.gov/assistedreproductivetechnology.html\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">ART\u003c/a> is an umbrella term that covers a number of different types of procedures, including in vitro fertilization, in which sperm and eggs are mixed in a lab dish, and intracytoplasmic sperm injection, in which sperm are inserted directly into eggs. Today, roughly 2 percent of all births in the U.S are conceived via ART.\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In 2012, the same team of scientists published a \u003ca href=\"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22434595\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">major paper\u003c/a> showing that 65 healthy kids born with the help of ART were more likely than their peers to have early signs of problematic blood vessels. The current study, comparing 54 of those original children with 43 age- and sex-matched peers, shows those early irregularities — signs of \"premature vascular aging\", the scientists say — persist into adolescence and young adulthood.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Kids in the study who were conceived via ART are now 16 years old, on average, but have blood vessels resembling those of middle-aged adults, the scientists found.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>And those differences seemed to be enough to boost the teens' blood pressure. Everyone in the study underwent round-the-clock blood pressure monitoring for 24 hours, and the differences between a group conceived by ART and teens in the control group were significant. The ART group had markedly higher blood pressure; about 15 percent met the criteria for hypertension.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The study adds to a small but \u003ca href=\"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24270419\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">growing\u003c/a> \u003ca href=\"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/27420642\">body\u003c/a> of research suggesting that children conceived this way may have an elevated risk of hypertension and its health complications.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Scientists say they don't yet know why that would be true, but they hypothesize that \u003ca href=\"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC1392256/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">epigenetics\u003c/a> — the interplay of environment and genes — plays a role. Something about the manipulation of the eggs and sperm in the lab might affect which genes are turned on or off as embryos develop.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Medical specialists who study high blood pressure in kids called the research striking.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"The fact that these kids already have abnormal vasculature is quite concerning,\" says \u003ca href=\"http://www.seattlechildrens.org/medical-staff/joseph-t-flynn/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Dr. Joseph Flynn\u003c/a>, a pediatrician who helped write the American Academy of Pediatrics' guidelines about blood pressure management. \"I think the fact that they saw these changes at an early age and that they're still persisting into adolescence is worrisome for these kids.\"\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Still, he says, it's unclear what the long-term effects on their cardiovascular health will be. Conception through ART, Flynn says, may confer the same amount of risk as, say, teenage smoking or alcohol use.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Quinn says she would like to see more longitudinal research that tracks long-term consequences of infertility treatments.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"We need to connect these kinds of studies,\" she says. Such research can be more difficult to do in the United States, she notes, because there is no unified medical record, so it's hard to track the babies who are conceived through ART.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Still, she says, it's important for all doctors working in the infertility field to acknowledge that the techniques they use are still evolving.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"We appreciate that there is quite a bit unknown about we do on a day-to-day basis,\" says Quinn. \"We have to be humble.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>For now, \u003ca href=\"http://pediatrics.aappublications.org/content/early/2017/08/21/peds.2017-1904\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">the American Academy of Pediatrics recommends\u003c/a> that every child over the age of 3 get a yearly blood pressure test at the doctor's office — whether or not their parents underwent infertility treatments.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>Mara Gordon is a family physician in Washington, D.C., and a health and media fellow at NPR and Georgetown University School of Medicine.\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\u003cdiv class=\"fullattribution\">Copyright 2018 NPR. To see more, visit http://www.npr.org/.\u003cimg src=\"https://www.google-analytics.com/__utm.gif?utmac=UA-5828686-4&utmdt=Do+IVF+And+Other+Infertility+Tech+Lead+To+Health+Risks+For+The+Baby%3F+Maybe&utme=8(APIKey)9(MDAxOTAwOTE4MDEyMTkxMDAzNjczZDljZA004)\">\u003c/div>\n\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>",
"attributes": {
"named": {},
"numeric": []
}
}
],
"link": "/futureofyou/444536/ivf-and-infertility-tech-may-lead-to-health-risks-for-the-baby",
"authors": [
"byline_futureofyou_444536"
],
"categories": [
"futureofyou_1060",
"futureofyou_1062",
"futureofyou_1",
"futureofyou_73"
],
"tags": [
"futureofyou_221",
"futureofyou_1021",
"futureofyou_287",
"futureofyou_215"
],
"collections": [
"futureofyou_1093",
"futureofyou_1097"
],
"featImg": "futureofyou_444537",
"label": "source_futureofyou_444536"
},
"futureofyou_444510": {
"type": "posts",
"id": "futureofyou_444510",
"meta": {
"index": "posts_1716263798",
"site": "futureofyou",
"id": "444510",
"score": null,
"sort": [
1537391089000
]
},
"parent": 0,
"labelTerm": {},
"blocks": [],
"publishDate": 1537391089,
"format": "standard",
"disqusTitle": "Day-Tripping to the Dispensary: Seniors Hop Aboard the Canna-Bus",
"title": "Day-Tripping to the Dispensary: Seniors Hop Aboard the Canna-Bus",
"headTitle": "KQED Future of You | KQED Science",
"content": "\u003cp>Shirley Avedon, 90, had never been a cannabis user. But carpal tunnel syndrome that sends shooting pains into both of her hands and an aversion to conventional steroid and surgical treatments is prompting her to consider some new options.[contextly_sidebar id=\"5ee5PAwSPV305kcHFGTk8K3BJPlD6Byj\"]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“It’s very painful, sometimes I can’t even open my hand,” Avedon said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>So for the second time in two months, she’s climbed on board a bus that provides seniors at the Laguna Woods Village retirement community in Orange County, with a free shuttle to a nearby marijuana dispensary.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The retired manager of an oncology office says she’s seeking the same relief she saw cancer patients get from smoking marijuana 25 years ago.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“At that time [marijuana] wasn’t legal, so they used to get it off their children,” she said with a laugh. “It was fantastic what it did for them.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Avedon, who doesn’t want to get high from anything she uses, picked up a topical cream on her first trip that was sold as a pain reliever. It contained cannabidiol, or CBD, but was formulated without THC, or tetrahydrocannabinol, marijuana’s psychoactive ingredient.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“It helped a little,” she said. “Now I’m going back for the second time hoping they have something better.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>As more states legalize marijuana for medical or recreational use — 30 states plus the District of Columbia to date — the cannabis industry is booming. Among the \u003ca href=\"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC5300687/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">fastest growing group\u003c/a> of users: people over 50, with especially steep increases among those 65 and older. And some dispensaries are tailoring their pitches to seniors like Avedon who are seeking alternative treatments for their aches, pains and other medical conditions.[contextly_sidebar id=\"yVY8GMNy1scMP5h4RfGXepXWi4YTpexN\"]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>On this particular morning, about 35 seniors climb on board the free shuttle — paid for by Bud and Bloom, a licensed cannabis dispensary in Santa Ana. After about a half-hour drive, the large white bus pulls up to the parking lot of the dispensary.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>About half of the seniors on board today are repeat customers; the other half are cannabis newbies who’ve never tried it before, said Kandice Hawes, director of community outreach for Bud and Bloom.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_444512\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 640px\">\u003cimg class=\"size-large wp-image-444512\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/futureofyou/wp-content/uploads/sites/13/2018/09/canna-bus_01_1350-1020x680.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"640\" height=\"427\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/13/2018/09/canna-bus_01_1350-1020x680.jpg 1020w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/13/2018/09/canna-bus_01_1350-160x107.jpg 160w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/13/2018/09/canna-bus_01_1350-800x534.jpg 800w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/13/2018/09/canna-bus_01_1350-768x512.jpg 768w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/13/2018/09/canna-bus_01_1350-960x640.jpg 960w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/13/2018/09/canna-bus_01_1350-240x160.jpg 240w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/13/2018/09/canna-bus_01_1350-375x250.jpg 375w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/13/2018/09/canna-bus_01_1350-520x347.jpg 520w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/13/2018/09/canna-bus_01_1350.jpg 1024w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 640px) 100vw, 640px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Residents of Laguna Woods Village, a retirement community in Orange County, Calif., ride a free shuttle to a marijuana dispensary in August.(STEPHANIE O’NEILL FOR KHN)\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>“Not everybody is coming to be a customer,” Hawes said. “A lot are just coming to be educated.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Among them, Layla Sabet, 72, a first-timer seeking relief from back pain that keeps her awake at night, she said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“I’m taking so much medication to sleep and still I can’t sleep,” she said. “So I’m trying it for the back pain and the sleep.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Hawes invited the seniors into a large room with chairs and a table set up with free sandwiches and drinks. As they ate, she gave a presentation focused on the potential benefits of cannabis as a reliever of anxiety, insomnia and chronic pain and the various ways people can consume it.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Several vendors on site took turns speaking to the group about the goods they sell. Then, the seniors entered the dispensary for the chance to buy everything from old-school rolled joints and high-tech vaporizer pens to liquid sublingual tinctures, topical creams and an assortment of sweet, cannabis-infused edibles.[contextly_sidebar id=\"GecDtFoNYBPsmX1oCAw267dH2NyqP03S\"]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Jim Lebowitz, 75, is a return customer who suffers pain from back surgery two years ago.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>He prefers to eat his cannabis, he said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“I got chocolate and I got gummies,” he told a visitor. “Never had the chocolate before, but I’ve had the gummies and they worked pretty good.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Gummies” are cannabis-infused chewy candies. His contain both the CBD and THC, two active ingredients in marijuana.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Derek Tauchman rings up sales at one of several Bud and Bloom registers in the dispensary. Fear of getting high is the biggest concern expressed by senior consumers, who make up the bulk of the dispensary’s new business, he said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“What they don’t realize is there’s so many different ways to medicate now that you don’t have to actually get high to relieve all your aches and pains,” he said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But despite such enthusiasm, marijuana isn’t well researched, said Dr. David Reuben, the Archstone Foundation professor of medicine and geriatrics at UCLA’s David Geffen School of Medicine.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>While cannabis is legal both medically and recreationally in California, it remains a Schedule 1 substance — meaning it’s illegal under federal law. And that makes it harder to study.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The limited research that exists suggests that marijuana may be helpful in treating pain and nausea, according to a research overview published last year by the National Academies of Sciences, Engineering and Medicine. Less conclusive research points to it helping with sleep problems and anxiety.[contextly_sidebar id=\"O0pnvY7nsyO04cAtYDrpqvAEjxhmliPb\"]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Reuben said he sees a growing number of patients interested in using it for things like anxiety, chronic pain and depression.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“I am, in general, fairly supportive of this because these are conditions [for which] there aren’t good alternatives,” he said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But Reuben cautions his patients that products bought at marijuana dispensaries aren’t FDA-regulated, as are prescription drugs. That means dose and consistency can vary.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“There’s still so much left to learn about how to package, how to ensure quality and standards,” he said. “So the question is how to make sure the people are getting high-quality product and then testing its effectiveness.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>And there are risks associated with cannabis use too, said \u003ca href=\"https://www.samhsa.gov/about-us/who-we-are/leadership/biographies/elinore-mccance-katz\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Dr. Elinore McCance-Katz\u003c/a>, who directs the Substance Abuse and Mental Health Services Administration.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“When you have an industry that does nothing but blanket our society with messages about the medicinal value of marijuana, people get the idea this is a safe substance to use. And that’s not true,” she said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Side effects can include increased heart rate, nausea and vomiting, and with long-term use, there’s a potential for addiction, some studies say. \u003ca href=\"https://www.drugabuse.gov/publications/drugfacts/marijuana#ref\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Research suggests\u003c/a> that between 9 and 30 percent of those who use marijuana may develop some degree of marijuana use disorder.[contextly_sidebar id=\"6j0KZXlPn7yaSYGjVSehNhYUNN3fBDa4\"]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Still, Reuben said, if it gets patients off more addictive and potentially dangerous prescription drugs — like opioids — all the better.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Jim Levy, 71, suffers a pinched nerve that shoots pain down both his legs. He uses a topical cream and ingests cannabis gelatin capsules and lozenges.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“I have no way to measure, but I’d say it gets rid of 90 percent of the pain,” said Levy, who — like other seniors here — pays for these products out-of-pocket, as Medicare doesn’t cover cannabis.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“I got something they say is wonderful and I hope it works,” said Shirley Avedon. “It’s a cream.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The price tag: $90. Avedon said if it helps ease the carpal tunnel pain she suffers, it’ll be worth it.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“It’s better than having surgery,” she said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Precautions To Keep In Mind\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Though marijuana use remains illegal under federal law, it’s legal in some form in 30 states and the District of Columbia. And a growing number of Americans are considering trying it for health reasons. For people who are, doctors advise the following cautions.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Talk to your doctor.\u003c/strong> Tell your doctor you’re thinking about trying medical marijuana. Although he or she may have some concerns, most doctors won’t judge you for seeking out alternative treatments.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Make sure your prescriber is aware of all the medications you take. Marijuana might have dangerous interactions with prescription medications, particularly medicines that can be sedating, said Dr. Benjamin Han, a geriatrician at New York University School of Medicine who studies marijuana use in the elderly.[contextly_sidebar id=\"ALEswggsqFbUQfgVlASKJNkpkpppsnzm\"]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Watch out for dosing.\u003c/strong> Older adults metabolize drugs differently than young people. If your doctor gives you the go-ahead, try the lowest possible dose first to avoid feeling intoxicated. And be especially careful with edibles. They can have very concentrated doses that don’t take effect right away.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Elderly people are also more sensitive to side effects. If you start to feel unwell, talk to your doctor right away. “When you’re older, you’re more vulnerable to the side effects of everything,” Han said. “I’m cautious about everything.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Look for licensed providers.\u003c/strong> In some states like California, licensed dispensaries must test for contaminants. Be especially careful with marijuana bought illegally. “If you’re just buying marijuana down the street … you don’t really know what’s in that,” said Dr. Joshua Briscoe, a palliative care doctor at Duke University School of Medicine who has studied the use of marijuana for pain and nausea in older patients. “Buyer, beware.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Bottom line:\u003c/strong> The research on medical marijuana is limited. There’s even less we know about marijuana use in older people. Proceed with caution.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>Jenny Gold and Mara Gordon contributed to this report.\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>This story is part of a partnership that includes \u003ca href=\"http://www.npr.org/sections/news/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">NPR\u003c/a> and Kaiser Health News.\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad floatright]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp class=\"credits\">\u003cem>KHN’s coverage of these topics is supported by \u003ca href=\"http://www.jhartfound.org/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">John A. Hartford Foundation\u003c/a> and\u003ca href=\"http://www.thescanfoundation.org/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">The SCAN Foundation\u003c/a>\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\n",
"disqusIdentifier": "444510 https://ww2.kqed.org/futureofyou/?p=444510",
"disqusUrl": "https://ww2.kqed.org/futureofyou/2018/09/19/day-tripping-to-the-dispensary-seniors-hop-aboard-the-canna-bus/",
"stats": {
"hasVideo": false,
"hasChartOrMap": false,
"hasAudio": false,
"hasPolis": false,
"wordCount": 1631,
"hasGoogleForm": false,
"hasGallery": false,
"hasHearkenModule": false,
"iframeSrcs": [],
"paragraphCount": 49
},
"modified": 1537393204,
"excerpt": "The cannabis industry is booming and older Americans are among the fastest growing group of users. Some dispensaries are even tailoring their pitches to seniors seeking alternative treatments for their health conditions.",
"headData": {
"twImgId": "",
"twTitle": "",
"ogTitle": "",
"ogImgId": "",
"twDescription": "",
"description": "The cannabis industry is booming and older Americans are among the fastest growing group of users. Some dispensaries are even tailoring their pitches to seniors seeking alternative treatments for their health conditions.",
"title": "Day-Tripping to the Dispensary: Seniors Hop Aboard the Canna-Bus | KQED",
"ogDescription": "",
"schema": {
"@context": "https://schema.org",
"@type": "Article",
"headline": "Day-Tripping to the Dispensary: Seniors Hop Aboard the Canna-Bus",
"datePublished": "2018-09-19T14:04:49-07:00",
"dateModified": "2018-09-19T14:40:04-07:00",
"image": "https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2020/02/KQED-OG-Image@1x.png"
}
},
"guestAuthors": [],
"slug": "day-tripping-to-the-dispensary-seniors-hop-aboard-the-canna-bus",
"status": "publish",
"nprByline": "Stephanie O'Neill, KHN",
"source": "DIY Health",
"path": "/futureofyou/444510/day-tripping-to-the-dispensary-seniors-hop-aboard-the-canna-bus",
"audioTrackLength": null,
"parsedContent": [
{
"type": "contentString",
"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>Shirley Avedon, 90, had never been a cannabis user. But carpal tunnel syndrome that sends shooting pains into both of her hands and an aversion to conventional steroid and surgical treatments is prompting her to consider some new options.\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“It’s very painful, sometimes I can’t even open my hand,” Avedon said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>So for the second time in two months, she’s climbed on board a bus that provides seniors at the Laguna Woods Village retirement community in Orange County, with a free shuttle to a nearby marijuana dispensary.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The retired manager of an oncology office says she’s seeking the same relief she saw cancer patients get from smoking marijuana 25 years ago.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“At that time [marijuana] wasn’t legal, so they used to get it off their children,” she said with a laugh. “It was fantastic what it did for them.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
"attributes": {
"named": {},
"numeric": []
}
},
{
"type": "component",
"content": "",
"name": "ad",
"attributes": {
"named": {
"label": "fullwidth"
},
"numeric": [
"fullwidth"
]
}
},
{
"type": "contentString",
"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Avedon, who doesn’t want to get high from anything she uses, picked up a topical cream on her first trip that was sold as a pain reliever. It contained cannabidiol, or CBD, but was formulated without THC, or tetrahydrocannabinol, marijuana’s psychoactive ingredient.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“It helped a little,” she said. “Now I’m going back for the second time hoping they have something better.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>As more states legalize marijuana for medical or recreational use — 30 states plus the District of Columbia to date — the cannabis industry is booming. Among the \u003ca href=\"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC5300687/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">fastest growing group\u003c/a> of users: people over 50, with especially steep increases among those 65 and older. And some dispensaries are tailoring their pitches to seniors like Avedon who are seeking alternative treatments for their aches, pains and other medical conditions.\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>On this particular morning, about 35 seniors climb on board the free shuttle — paid for by Bud and Bloom, a licensed cannabis dispensary in Santa Ana. After about a half-hour drive, the large white bus pulls up to the parking lot of the dispensary.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>About half of the seniors on board today are repeat customers; the other half are cannabis newbies who’ve never tried it before, said Kandice Hawes, director of community outreach for Bud and Bloom.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_444512\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 640px\">\u003cimg class=\"size-large wp-image-444512\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/futureofyou/wp-content/uploads/sites/13/2018/09/canna-bus_01_1350-1020x680.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"640\" height=\"427\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/13/2018/09/canna-bus_01_1350-1020x680.jpg 1020w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/13/2018/09/canna-bus_01_1350-160x107.jpg 160w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/13/2018/09/canna-bus_01_1350-800x534.jpg 800w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/13/2018/09/canna-bus_01_1350-768x512.jpg 768w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/13/2018/09/canna-bus_01_1350-960x640.jpg 960w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/13/2018/09/canna-bus_01_1350-240x160.jpg 240w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/13/2018/09/canna-bus_01_1350-375x250.jpg 375w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/13/2018/09/canna-bus_01_1350-520x347.jpg 520w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/13/2018/09/canna-bus_01_1350.jpg 1024w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 640px) 100vw, 640px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Residents of Laguna Woods Village, a retirement community in Orange County, Calif., ride a free shuttle to a marijuana dispensary in August.(STEPHANIE O’NEILL FOR KHN)\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>“Not everybody is coming to be a customer,” Hawes said. “A lot are just coming to be educated.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Among them, Layla Sabet, 72, a first-timer seeking relief from back pain that keeps her awake at night, she said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“I’m taking so much medication to sleep and still I can’t sleep,” she said. “So I’m trying it for the back pain and the sleep.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Hawes invited the seniors into a large room with chairs and a table set up with free sandwiches and drinks. As they ate, she gave a presentation focused on the potential benefits of cannabis as a reliever of anxiety, insomnia and chronic pain and the various ways people can consume it.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Several vendors on site took turns speaking to the group about the goods they sell. Then, the seniors entered the dispensary for the chance to buy everything from old-school rolled joints and high-tech vaporizer pens to liquid sublingual tinctures, topical creams and an assortment of sweet, cannabis-infused edibles.\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Jim Lebowitz, 75, is a return customer who suffers pain from back surgery two years ago.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>He prefers to eat his cannabis, he said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“I got chocolate and I got gummies,” he told a visitor. “Never had the chocolate before, but I’ve had the gummies and they worked pretty good.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Gummies” are cannabis-infused chewy candies. His contain both the CBD and THC, two active ingredients in marijuana.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Derek Tauchman rings up sales at one of several Bud and Bloom registers in the dispensary. Fear of getting high is the biggest concern expressed by senior consumers, who make up the bulk of the dispensary’s new business, he said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“What they don’t realize is there’s so many different ways to medicate now that you don’t have to actually get high to relieve all your aches and pains,” he said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But despite such enthusiasm, marijuana isn’t well researched, said Dr. David Reuben, the Archstone Foundation professor of medicine and geriatrics at UCLA’s David Geffen School of Medicine.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>While cannabis is legal both medically and recreationally in California, it remains a Schedule 1 substance — meaning it’s illegal under federal law. And that makes it harder to study.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The limited research that exists suggests that marijuana may be helpful in treating pain and nausea, according to a research overview published last year by the National Academies of Sciences, Engineering and Medicine. Less conclusive research points to it helping with sleep problems and anxiety.\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Reuben said he sees a growing number of patients interested in using it for things like anxiety, chronic pain and depression.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“I am, in general, fairly supportive of this because these are conditions [for which] there aren’t good alternatives,” he said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But Reuben cautions his patients that products bought at marijuana dispensaries aren’t FDA-regulated, as are prescription drugs. That means dose and consistency can vary.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“There’s still so much left to learn about how to package, how to ensure quality and standards,” he said. “So the question is how to make sure the people are getting high-quality product and then testing its effectiveness.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>And there are risks associated with cannabis use too, said \u003ca href=\"https://www.samhsa.gov/about-us/who-we-are/leadership/biographies/elinore-mccance-katz\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Dr. Elinore McCance-Katz\u003c/a>, who directs the Substance Abuse and Mental Health Services Administration.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“When you have an industry that does nothing but blanket our society with messages about the medicinal value of marijuana, people get the idea this is a safe substance to use. And that’s not true,” she said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Side effects can include increased heart rate, nausea and vomiting, and with long-term use, there’s a potential for addiction, some studies say. \u003ca href=\"https://www.drugabuse.gov/publications/drugfacts/marijuana#ref\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Research suggests\u003c/a> that between 9 and 30 percent of those who use marijuana may develop some degree of marijuana use disorder.\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Still, Reuben said, if it gets patients off more addictive and potentially dangerous prescription drugs — like opioids — all the better.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Jim Levy, 71, suffers a pinched nerve that shoots pain down both his legs. He uses a topical cream and ingests cannabis gelatin capsules and lozenges.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“I have no way to measure, but I’d say it gets rid of 90 percent of the pain,” said Levy, who — like other seniors here — pays for these products out-of-pocket, as Medicare doesn’t cover cannabis.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“I got something they say is wonderful and I hope it works,” said Shirley Avedon. “It’s a cream.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The price tag: $90. Avedon said if it helps ease the carpal tunnel pain she suffers, it’ll be worth it.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“It’s better than having surgery,” she said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Precautions To Keep In Mind\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Though marijuana use remains illegal under federal law, it’s legal in some form in 30 states and the District of Columbia. And a growing number of Americans are considering trying it for health reasons. For people who are, doctors advise the following cautions.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Talk to your doctor.\u003c/strong> Tell your doctor you’re thinking about trying medical marijuana. Although he or she may have some concerns, most doctors won’t judge you for seeking out alternative treatments.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Make sure your prescriber is aware of all the medications you take. Marijuana might have dangerous interactions with prescription medications, particularly medicines that can be sedating, said Dr. Benjamin Han, a geriatrician at New York University School of Medicine who studies marijuana use in the elderly.\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Watch out for dosing.\u003c/strong> Older adults metabolize drugs differently than young people. If your doctor gives you the go-ahead, try the lowest possible dose first to avoid feeling intoxicated. And be especially careful with edibles. They can have very concentrated doses that don’t take effect right away.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Elderly people are also more sensitive to side effects. If you start to feel unwell, talk to your doctor right away. “When you’re older, you’re more vulnerable to the side effects of everything,” Han said. “I’m cautious about everything.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Look for licensed providers.\u003c/strong> In some states like California, licensed dispensaries must test for contaminants. Be especially careful with marijuana bought illegally. “If you’re just buying marijuana down the street … you don’t really know what’s in that,” said Dr. Joshua Briscoe, a palliative care doctor at Duke University School of Medicine who has studied the use of marijuana for pain and nausea in older patients. “Buyer, beware.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Bottom line:\u003c/strong> The research on medical marijuana is limited. There’s even less we know about marijuana use in older people. Proceed with caution.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>Jenny Gold and Mara Gordon contributed to this report.\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>This story is part of a partnership that includes \u003ca href=\"http://www.npr.org/sections/news/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">NPR\u003c/a> and Kaiser Health News.\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
"attributes": {
"named": {},
"numeric": []
}
},
{
"type": "component",
"content": "",
"name": "ad",
"attributes": {
"named": {
"label": "floatright"
},
"numeric": [
"floatright"
]
}
},
{
"type": "contentString",
"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp class=\"credits\">\u003cem>KHN’s coverage of these topics is supported by \u003ca href=\"http://www.jhartfound.org/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">John A. Hartford Foundation\u003c/a> and\u003ca href=\"http://www.thescanfoundation.org/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">The SCAN Foundation\u003c/a>\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>",
"attributes": {
"named": {},
"numeric": []
}
}
],
"link": "/futureofyou/444510/day-tripping-to-the-dispensary-seniors-hop-aboard-the-canna-bus",
"authors": [
"byline_futureofyou_444510"
],
"categories": [
"futureofyou_1060",
"futureofyou_1",
"futureofyou_73"
],
"tags": [
"futureofyou_1562",
"futureofyou_1008",
"futureofyou_61",
"futureofyou_1041",
"futureofyou_198"
],
"collections": [
"futureofyou_1093"
],
"featImg": "futureofyou_444513",
"label": "source_futureofyou_444510"
},
"futureofyou_444504": {
"type": "posts",
"id": "futureofyou_444504",
"meta": {
"index": "posts_1716263798",
"site": "futureofyou",
"id": "444504",
"score": null,
"sort": [
1537376443000
]
},
"parent": 0,
"labelTerm": {},
"blocks": [],
"publishDate": 1537376443,
"format": "aside",
"disqusTitle": "WATCH: This Rapper Used Neuroscience To Get Over Her Ex",
"title": "WATCH: This Rapper Used Neuroscience To Get Over Her Ex",
"headTitle": "KQED Future of You | KQED Science",
"content": "\u003cp>https://youtu.be/_zptWlAxYk0\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>When a relationship ends but love remains, it can be both frustrating and embarrassing.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Dessa, \u003ca href=\"http://www.doomtree.net/dessa/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">a well-known rapper, singer and writer from Minneapolis,\u003c/a> knows the feeling well. She'd spent years trying to get over an ex-boyfriend, but she was still stuck on him.[contextly_sidebar id=\"mlbMdLIlSsXEMYXBPWlqFIXoZNq8obvy\"]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"You're not only suffering,\" she says, \"you're just sort of ridiculous. Discipline and dedication are my strong suits — it really bothered me that, no matter how much effort I tried to expend in trying to solve this problem, I was stuck.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But things changed when Dessa turned to the frontiers of neuroscience for help. She came across a \u003ca href=\"https://www.ted.com/talks/helen_fisher_studies_the_brain_in_love\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">TED Talk by Helen Fisher\u003c/a>, a biological anthropologist and visiting research associate at Rutgers University. Using a type of brain scan called functional MRI, or fMRI, Fisher had looked into the brains of love-struck people and noticed that certain parts of their brains were unusually active.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"That you could objectively measure and observe 'love' — that had never occurred to me before,\" Dessa says.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>She wondered: If science could map the sources of love in her brain, could it somehow make that love go away?\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The question led her to a controversial therapy technique called \u003ca href=\"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4892319/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">neurofeedback\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The idea is simple: If you want to learn to lower your heart rate, it helps to be able to hear your pulse. And if you want to change patterns of brain activity, it might be helpful to be able to see what your brain is up to.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>One flavor of neurofeedback therapy uses a technology called electroencephalography (EEG). A cap full of electrical leads picks up brain waves and translates them into visual or audio cues — like shifting colors on a screen or a series of dings.[contextly_sidebar id=\"1fHutBtcW68QYfMP3EG9cUp4qyVAiRXb\"]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The idea is that people can use this feedback to retrain those brain waves, changing underlying patterns in the process — turning down unwanted brain activity or turning up regions that are too quiet.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Clinicians have used neurofeedback to try and treat all kinds of mental health issues: anxiety, depression, autism, and ADHD. And they say they've \u003ca href=\"https://www.isnr.org/in-defense-of-neurofeedback\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">seen some positive results\u003c/a>. Patients say they feel better.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The growing popularity of EEG-neurofeedback has been met with skepticism. Some scientists say the power of this therapy \u003ca href=\"https://s3.ca-central-1.amazonaws.com/razlab.org/publications/NF_AMP_2017.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">may stem from the placebo effect\u003c/a>. (They also point out that a lot of neurofeedback research is done by \u003ca href=\"https://s3.ca-central-1.amazonaws.com/razlab.org/publications/NF_Brain_Climate_2018.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">people who have a financial stake in the industry\u003c/a>.)\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But more rigorous research from the past couple of years supports the idea that, at least in some cases, neurofeedback can be used to train the brain. Most of this research uses fMRI brain scans — not EEG — to peek inside the skull.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In \u003ca href=\"https://www.cell.com/neuron/abstract/S0896-6273(16)00095-7\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">one study\u003c/a>, participants learned to turn up a brain region linked to motivation and focus. In \u003ca href=\"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/28407727\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">another\u003c/a>, patients with depression were able to alleviate some of their symptoms. But scientists doing this research say there's a lot of work to be done before it can be applied clinically.[contextly_sidebar id=\"ZTOJcPBkTbqiXR1MSox5O57wZuSuzU4T\"]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Could neurofeedback provide a balm for broken hearts? No research has been done in this area. But that didn't stop Dessa from trying a sort of experiment on herself: nine EEG-neurofeedback sessions aimed at helping her brain escape the rut of romantic obsession.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>She says she felt different when she was done.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"Before, I felt that I was really under the thumb of a fixation and a compulsion,\" she says. \"And now it feels like those feelings have been scaled down.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Now, maybe the neurofeedback had worked as practitioners suggest it does. Or maybe, alternatively, Dessa got the therapy she wanted in other ways — by talking through her experiment, by writing about it, by composing songs for her new album.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Or maybe, her neurofeedback sessions helped her via the placebo effect. They suggested that her emotions are grounded in a physical organ \u003cem> — \u003c/em>one that she might be able to influence. Maybe simply believing that she wasn't helpless helped her change her mind and heal her heartbreak.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Whatever the reason, Dessa is happy to begin to move on and to start a new chapter with her music.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"I've written a bunch of sad rap bangers — I'd like to write other kinds of songs,\" she says.\u003c/p>\n\u003cdiv>\u003c/div>\n\u003cdiv class=\"fullattribution\">\u003cem>Copyright 2018 NPR. To see more, visit http://www.npr.org/.\u003cimg src=\"https://www.google-analytics.com/__utm.gif?utmac=UA-5828686-4&utmdt=This+Rapper+Tried+To+Use+Neuroscience+To+Get+Over+Her+Ex&utme=8(APIKey)9(MDAxOTAwOTE4MDEyMTkxMDAzNjczZDljZA004)\">\u003c/em>\u003c/div>\n\n",
"disqusIdentifier": "444504 https://ww2.kqed.org/futureofyou/?p=444504",
"disqusUrl": "https://ww2.kqed.org/futureofyou/2018/09/19/watch-this-rapper-used-neuroscience-to-get-over-her-ex/",
"stats": {
"hasVideo": false,
"hasChartOrMap": false,
"hasAudio": false,
"hasPolis": false,
"wordCount": 739,
"hasGoogleForm": false,
"hasGallery": false,
"hasHearkenModule": false,
"iframeSrcs": [],
"paragraphCount": 23
},
"modified": 1537343212,
"excerpt": "Dessa is a singer and writer from Minneapolis who spent years trying to fall out of love and get over her ex. Nothing seemed to help — until she visited a research lab for a brain scan.",
"headData": {
"twImgId": "",
"twTitle": "",
"ogTitle": "",
"ogImgId": "",
"twDescription": "",
"description": "Dessa is a singer and writer from Minneapolis who spent years trying to fall out of love and get over her ex. Nothing seemed to help — until she visited a research lab for a brain scan.",
"title": "WATCH: This Rapper Used Neuroscience To Get Over Her Ex | KQED",
"ogDescription": "",
"schema": {
"@context": "https://schema.org",
"@type": "Article",
"headline": "WATCH: This Rapper Used Neuroscience To Get Over Her Ex",
"datePublished": "2018-09-19T10:00:43-07:00",
"dateModified": "2018-09-19T00:46:52-07:00",
"image": "https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2020/02/KQED-OG-Image@1x.png"
}
},
"guestAuthors": [],
"slug": "watch-this-rapper-used-neuroscience-to-get-over-her-ex",
"status": "publish",
"nprApiLink": "http://api.npr.org/query?id=646251015&apiKey=MDAxOTAwOTE4MDEyMTkxMDAzNjczZDljZA004",
"nprByline": "Ryan Kellman, NPR",
"nprStoryDate": "Tue, 18 Sep 2018 05:00:00 -0400",
"nprLastModifiedDate": "Tue, 18 Sep 2018 11:01:03 -0400",
"nprHtmlLink": "https://www.npr.org/sections/health-shots/2018/09/18/646251015/this-rapper-tried-to-use-neuroscience-to-get-over-her-ex?ft=nprml&f=646251015",
"nprImageAgency": "NPR's Skunk Bear",
"nprImageCredit": "Adam Cole",
"source": "Hope/Hype",
"nprStoryId": "646251015",
"nprRetrievedStory": "1",
"nprPubDate": "Tue, 18 Sep 2018 11:01:00 -0400",
"path": "/futureofyou/444504/watch-this-rapper-used-neuroscience-to-get-over-her-ex",
"audioTrackLength": null,
"parsedContent": [
{
"type": "contentString",
"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003cspan class='utils-parseShortcode-shortcodes-__youtubeShortcode__embedYoutube'>\n \u003cspan class='utils-parseShortcode-shortcodes-__youtubeShortcode__embedYoutubeInside'>\n \u003ciframe\n loading='lazy'\n class='utils-parseShortcode-shortcodes-__youtubeShortcode__youtubePlayer'\n type='text/html'\n src='//www.youtube.com/embed/_zptWlAxYk0'\n title='//www.youtube.com/embed/_zptWlAxYk0'\n allowfullscreen='true'\n style='border:0;'>\u003c/iframe>\n \u003c/span>\n \u003c/span>\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003cp>When a relationship ends but love remains, it can be both frustrating and embarrassing.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Dessa, \u003ca href=\"http://www.doomtree.net/dessa/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">a well-known rapper, singer and writer from Minneapolis,\u003c/a> knows the feeling well. She'd spent years trying to get over an ex-boyfriend, but she was still stuck on him.\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"You're not only suffering,\" she says, \"you're just sort of ridiculous. Discipline and dedication are my strong suits — it really bothered me that, no matter how much effort I tried to expend in trying to solve this problem, I was stuck.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But things changed when Dessa turned to the frontiers of neuroscience for help. She came across a \u003ca href=\"https://www.ted.com/talks/helen_fisher_studies_the_brain_in_love\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">TED Talk by Helen Fisher\u003c/a>, a biological anthropologist and visiting research associate at Rutgers University. Using a type of brain scan called functional MRI, or fMRI, Fisher had looked into the brains of love-struck people and noticed that certain parts of their brains were unusually active.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
"attributes": {
"named": {},
"numeric": []
}
},
{
"type": "component",
"content": "",
"name": "ad",
"attributes": {
"named": {
"label": "fullwidth"
},
"numeric": [
"fullwidth"
]
}
},
{
"type": "contentString",
"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"That you could objectively measure and observe 'love' — that had never occurred to me before,\" Dessa says.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>She wondered: If science could map the sources of love in her brain, could it somehow make that love go away?\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The question led her to a controversial therapy technique called \u003ca href=\"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4892319/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">neurofeedback\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The idea is simple: If you want to learn to lower your heart rate, it helps to be able to hear your pulse. And if you want to change patterns of brain activity, it might be helpful to be able to see what your brain is up to.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>One flavor of neurofeedback therapy uses a technology called electroencephalography (EEG). A cap full of electrical leads picks up brain waves and translates them into visual or audio cues — like shifting colors on a screen or a series of dings.\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The idea is that people can use this feedback to retrain those brain waves, changing underlying patterns in the process — turning down unwanted brain activity or turning up regions that are too quiet.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Clinicians have used neurofeedback to try and treat all kinds of mental health issues: anxiety, depression, autism, and ADHD. And they say they've \u003ca href=\"https://www.isnr.org/in-defense-of-neurofeedback\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">seen some positive results\u003c/a>. Patients say they feel better.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The growing popularity of EEG-neurofeedback has been met with skepticism. Some scientists say the power of this therapy \u003ca href=\"https://s3.ca-central-1.amazonaws.com/razlab.org/publications/NF_AMP_2017.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">may stem from the placebo effect\u003c/a>. (They also point out that a lot of neurofeedback research is done by \u003ca href=\"https://s3.ca-central-1.amazonaws.com/razlab.org/publications/NF_Brain_Climate_2018.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">people who have a financial stake in the industry\u003c/a>.)\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But more rigorous research from the past couple of years supports the idea that, at least in some cases, neurofeedback can be used to train the brain. Most of this research uses fMRI brain scans — not EEG — to peek inside the skull.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In \u003ca href=\"https://www.cell.com/neuron/abstract/S0896-6273(16)00095-7\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">one study\u003c/a>, participants learned to turn up a brain region linked to motivation and focus. In \u003ca href=\"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/28407727\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">another\u003c/a>, patients with depression were able to alleviate some of their symptoms. But scientists doing this research say there's a lot of work to be done before it can be applied clinically.\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Could neurofeedback provide a balm for broken hearts? No research has been done in this area. But that didn't stop Dessa from trying a sort of experiment on herself: nine EEG-neurofeedback sessions aimed at helping her brain escape the rut of romantic obsession.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>She says she felt different when she was done.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"Before, I felt that I was really under the thumb of a fixation and a compulsion,\" she says. \"And now it feels like those feelings have been scaled down.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Now, maybe the neurofeedback had worked as practitioners suggest it does. Or maybe, alternatively, Dessa got the therapy she wanted in other ways — by talking through her experiment, by writing about it, by composing songs for her new album.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Or maybe, her neurofeedback sessions helped her via the placebo effect. They suggested that her emotions are grounded in a physical organ \u003cem> — \u003c/em>one that she might be able to influence. Maybe simply believing that she wasn't helpless helped her change her mind and heal her heartbreak.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Whatever the reason, Dessa is happy to begin to move on and to start a new chapter with her music.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"I've written a bunch of sad rap bangers — I'd like to write other kinds of songs,\" she says.\u003c/p>\n\u003cdiv>\u003c/div>\n\u003cdiv class=\"fullattribution\">\u003cem>Copyright 2018 NPR. To see more, visit http://www.npr.org/.\u003cimg src=\"https://www.google-analytics.com/__utm.gif?utmac=UA-5828686-4&utmdt=This+Rapper+Tried+To+Use+Neuroscience+To+Get+Over+Her+Ex&utme=8(APIKey)9(MDAxOTAwOTE4MDEyMTkxMDAzNjczZDljZA004)\">\u003c/em>\u003c/div>\n\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>",
"attributes": {
"named": {},
"numeric": []
}
}
],
"link": "/futureofyou/444504/watch-this-rapper-used-neuroscience-to-get-over-her-ex",
"authors": [
"byline_futureofyou_444504"
],
"categories": [
"futureofyou_1060",
"futureofyou_1062",
"futureofyou_1",
"futureofyou_73",
"futureofyou_1061"
],
"tags": [
"futureofyou_56",
"futureofyou_205",
"futureofyou_204",
"futureofyou_59"
],
"collections": [
"futureofyou_1093",
"futureofyou_1097",
"futureofyou_1096"
],
"featImg": "futureofyou_444505",
"label": "source_futureofyou_444504"
},
"futureofyou_444469": {
"type": "posts",
"id": "futureofyou_444469",
"meta": {
"index": "posts_1716263798",
"site": "futureofyou",
"id": "444469",
"score": null,
"sort": [
1537212756000
]
},
"parent": 0,
"labelTerm": {},
"blocks": [],
"publishDate": 1537212756,
"format": "standard",
"disqusTitle": "For Older, Healthy People, Taking a Daily Aspirin Has No Benefit",
"title": "For Older, Healthy People, Taking a Daily Aspirin Has No Benefit",
"headTitle": "KQED Future of You | KQED Science",
"content": "\u003cp>Many healthy Americans take a baby aspirin every day to reduce their risk of having a heart attack, getting cancer and even possibly dementia. But is it really a good idea?[contextly_sidebar id=\"TeVgffLo8LYnxiLIJLovHnm2siFYHMFR\"]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Results released Sunday from a major \u003ca href=\"http://www.nejm.org/doi/full/10.1056/NEJMoa1800722\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">study\u003c/a> of low-dose aspirin contain a disappointing answer for older, otherwise healthy people.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"We found there was no discernible benefit of aspirin on prolonging independent, healthy life for the elderly,\" says \u003ca href=\"https://www.hennepinhealthcare.org/provider/anne-m-murray-md/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Anne Murray\u003c/a>, a geriatrician and epidemiologist at Hennepin Healthcare in Minneapolis, who helped lead the study.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The study involved more than 19,000 people ages 65 and older in the United States and Australia. The results were published in three papers in the \u003cem>New England Journal of Medicine.\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>There is still strong evidence that a daily baby aspirin can \u003ca href=\"https://www.uspreventiveservicestaskforce.org/Page/Document/UpdateSummaryFinal/aspirin-to-prevent-cardiovascular-disease-and-cancer\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">reduce the risk\u003c/a> that many people who have already suffered a heart attack or stroke will suffer another attack.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>And there is some evidence that daily low-dose aspirin may help people younger than 70 who have at least a 10 percent risk of having a heart attack avoid a heart attack or stroke, according to the latest \u003ca href=\"https://www.npr.org/sections/health-shots/2015/09/15/440337151/panel-says-aspirin-lowers-heart-attack-risk-for-some-but-not-all\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">recommendations\u003c/a> from the U.S. Preventive Services Task Force.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But for older, healthy people, \"the risks outweigh the benefits for taking low-dose aspirin,\" Murray says.[contextly_sidebar id=\"06i7Zbzq5DlgqfooOTFa4lgjt6Ui9wr1\"]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The primary risk is bleeding. The study \u003ca href=\"http://www.nejm.org/doi/full/10.1056/NEJMoa1805819\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">confirmed\u003c/a> that a daily baby aspirin increases the risk for serious, potentially life-threatening bleeding.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Surprisingly, those who took daily aspirin also appeared to be \u003ca href=\"http://www.nejm.org/doi/full/10.1056/NEJMoa1803955\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">more likely\u003c/a> to die overall, apparently from an increased risk of succumbing to cancer. That was especially unexpected given previous evidence that aspirin might reduce the risk for colorectal cancer.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The researchers stressed, however, that the cancer finding might have been a fluke. There's also a possibility that any colorectal cancer benefit wasn't seen because the subjects had only been followed for about five years.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Regardless, the findings raise serious questions as to whether otherwise healthy older people should routinely take low-dose aspirin.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"A lot of people read, 'Well, aspirin is good for people who have heart problems. Maybe I should take it, even if they haven't really had a heart attack,' \" Murray says. But \"for a long time there's been a need to establish appropriate criteria for when healthy people — elderly people — need aspirin.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>That's why the researchers launched their study, called \u003ca href=\"https://www.aspree.org/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">ASPREE\u003c/a>, in 2010. It involved 19,114 older people, with 16,703 in Australia and 2,411 in the United States. The U.S. portion included white volunteers ages 70 and older, and African-Americans and Hispanics subjects ages 65 and older.[contextly_sidebar id=\"lMIuMVSFXI9eLmCGzVINxi5SI7xGl6IV\"]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Participants took either 100 milligrams of aspirin every day or a placebo. People in the study were followed for an average of 4.7 years.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"We were hoping that an inexpensive, very accessible medication might be something that we could recommend to elderly to maintain their independence but also decrease their risk of cardiovascular disease,\" Murray says.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But based on the findings, \u003ca href=\"https://www.nia.nih.gov/about/staff/hadley-evan\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Dr. Evan Hadley\u003c/a> of the National Institute on Aging, which helped fund the study, says any elderly people taking aspirin or thinking about it should think twice.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"This gives pause and a reason for older people and their physician to think carefully about the decision whether to take low-dose aspirin regularly or not,\" Hadley says. \"And in many cases the right answer may be: Not.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cdiv class=\"fullattribution\">Copyright 2018 NPR. To see more, visit http://www.npr.org/.\u003cimg src=\"https://www.google-analytics.com/__utm.gif?utmac=UA-5828686-4&utmdt=Study%3A+A+Daily+Baby+Aspirin+Has+No+Benefit+For+Healthy+Older+People&utme=8(APIKey)9(MDAxOTAwOTE4MDEyMTkxMDAzNjczZDljZA004)\">\u003c/div>\n\n",
"disqusIdentifier": "444469 https://ww2.kqed.org/futureofyou/?p=444469",
"disqusUrl": "https://ww2.kqed.org/futureofyou/2018/09/17/study-a-daily-baby-aspirin-has-no-benefit-for-healthy-older-people/",
"stats": {
"hasVideo": false,
"hasChartOrMap": false,
"hasAudio": false,
"hasPolis": false,
"wordCount": 587,
"hasGoogleForm": false,
"hasGallery": false,
"hasHearkenModule": false,
"iframeSrcs": [],
"paragraphCount": 19
},
"modified": 1537371778,
"excerpt": "Results from a large international study show that risks from taking daily low-dose aspirin outweigh the potential benefits for older people in generally good health.",
"headData": {
"twImgId": "",
"twTitle": "",
"ogTitle": "",
"ogImgId": "",
"twDescription": "",
"description": "Results from a large international study show that risks from taking daily low-dose aspirin outweigh the potential benefits for older people in generally good health.",
"title": "For Older, Healthy People, Taking a Daily Aspirin Has No Benefit | KQED",
"ogDescription": "",
"schema": {
"@context": "https://schema.org",
"@type": "Article",
"headline": "For Older, Healthy People, Taking a Daily Aspirin Has No Benefit",
"datePublished": "2018-09-17T12:32:36-07:00",
"dateModified": "2018-09-19T08:42:58-07:00",
"image": "https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2020/02/KQED-OG-Image@1x.png"
}
},
"guestAuthors": [],
"slug": "study-a-daily-baby-aspirin-has-no-benefit-for-healthy-older-people",
"status": "publish",
"nprApiLink": "http://api.npr.org/query?id=647415462&apiKey=MDAxOTAwOTE4MDEyMTkxMDAzNjczZDljZA004",
"nprByline": "Rob Stein, NPR",
"nprStoryDate": "Sun, 16 Sep 2018 10:00:00 -0400",
"nprLastModifiedDate": "Mon, 17 Sep 2018 07:02:17 -0400",
"nprHtmlLink": "https://www.npr.org/sections/health-shots/2018/09/16/647415462/study-a-daily-baby-aspirin-has-no-benefit-for-healthy-older-people?ft=nprml&f=647415462",
"nprAudio": "https://ondemand.npr.org/anon.npr-mp3/npr/me/2018/09/20180917_me_study_a_daily_baby_aspirin_has_no_benefit_for_healthy_older_people.mp3?orgId=1&topicId=1128&d=162&p=3&story=647415462&ft=nprml&f=647415462",
"audioTrackLength": 163,
"source": "DIY Health",
"nprAudioM3u": "http://api.npr.org/m3u/1648646357-be6a69.m3u?orgId=1&topicId=1128&d=162&p=3&story=647415462&ft=nprml&f=647415462",
"nprStoryId": "647415462",
"nprRetrievedStory": "1",
"nprPubDate": "Mon, 17 Sep 2018 11:24:00 -0400",
"path": "/futureofyou/444469/study-a-daily-baby-aspirin-has-no-benefit-for-healthy-older-people",
"audioUrl": "https://ondemand.npr.org/anon.npr-mp3/npr/me/2018/09/20180917_me_study_a_daily_baby_aspirin_has_no_benefit_for_healthy_older_people.mp3?orgId=1&topicId=1128&d=162&p=3&story=647415462&ft=nprml&f=647415462",
"parsedContent": [
{
"type": "contentString",
"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>Many healthy Americans take a baby aspirin every day to reduce their risk of having a heart attack, getting cancer and even possibly dementia. But is it really a good idea?\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Results released Sunday from a major \u003ca href=\"http://www.nejm.org/doi/full/10.1056/NEJMoa1800722\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">study\u003c/a> of low-dose aspirin contain a disappointing answer for older, otherwise healthy people.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"We found there was no discernible benefit of aspirin on prolonging independent, healthy life for the elderly,\" says \u003ca href=\"https://www.hennepinhealthcare.org/provider/anne-m-murray-md/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Anne Murray\u003c/a>, a geriatrician and epidemiologist at Hennepin Healthcare in Minneapolis, who helped lead the study.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The study involved more than 19,000 people ages 65 and older in the United States and Australia. The results were published in three papers in the \u003cem>New England Journal of Medicine.\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>There is still strong evidence that a daily baby aspirin can \u003ca href=\"https://www.uspreventiveservicestaskforce.org/Page/Document/UpdateSummaryFinal/aspirin-to-prevent-cardiovascular-disease-and-cancer\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">reduce the risk\u003c/a> that many people who have already suffered a heart attack or stroke will suffer another attack.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
"attributes": {
"named": {},
"numeric": []
}
},
{
"type": "component",
"content": "",
"name": "ad",
"attributes": {
"named": {
"label": "fullwidth"
},
"numeric": [
"fullwidth"
]
}
},
{
"type": "contentString",
"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>And there is some evidence that daily low-dose aspirin may help people younger than 70 who have at least a 10 percent risk of having a heart attack avoid a heart attack or stroke, according to the latest \u003ca href=\"https://www.npr.org/sections/health-shots/2015/09/15/440337151/panel-says-aspirin-lowers-heart-attack-risk-for-some-but-not-all\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">recommendations\u003c/a> from the U.S. Preventive Services Task Force.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But for older, healthy people, \"the risks outweigh the benefits for taking low-dose aspirin,\" Murray says.\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The primary risk is bleeding. The study \u003ca href=\"http://www.nejm.org/doi/full/10.1056/NEJMoa1805819\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">confirmed\u003c/a> that a daily baby aspirin increases the risk for serious, potentially life-threatening bleeding.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Surprisingly, those who took daily aspirin also appeared to be \u003ca href=\"http://www.nejm.org/doi/full/10.1056/NEJMoa1803955\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">more likely\u003c/a> to die overall, apparently from an increased risk of succumbing to cancer. That was especially unexpected given previous evidence that aspirin might reduce the risk for colorectal cancer.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The researchers stressed, however, that the cancer finding might have been a fluke. There's also a possibility that any colorectal cancer benefit wasn't seen because the subjects had only been followed for about five years.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Regardless, the findings raise serious questions as to whether otherwise healthy older people should routinely take low-dose aspirin.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"A lot of people read, 'Well, aspirin is good for people who have heart problems. Maybe I should take it, even if they haven't really had a heart attack,' \" Murray says. But \"for a long time there's been a need to establish appropriate criteria for when healthy people — elderly people — need aspirin.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>That's why the researchers launched their study, called \u003ca href=\"https://www.aspree.org/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">ASPREE\u003c/a>, in 2010. It involved 19,114 older people, with 16,703 in Australia and 2,411 in the United States. The U.S. portion included white volunteers ages 70 and older, and African-Americans and Hispanics subjects ages 65 and older.\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Participants took either 100 milligrams of aspirin every day or a placebo. People in the study were followed for an average of 4.7 years.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"We were hoping that an inexpensive, very accessible medication might be something that we could recommend to elderly to maintain their independence but also decrease their risk of cardiovascular disease,\" Murray says.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But based on the findings, \u003ca href=\"https://www.nia.nih.gov/about/staff/hadley-evan\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Dr. Evan Hadley\u003c/a> of the National Institute on Aging, which helped fund the study, says any elderly people taking aspirin or thinking about it should think twice.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"This gives pause and a reason for older people and their physician to think carefully about the decision whether to take low-dose aspirin regularly or not,\" Hadley says. \"And in many cases the right answer may be: Not.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cdiv class=\"fullattribution\">Copyright 2018 NPR. To see more, visit http://www.npr.org/.\u003cimg src=\"https://www.google-analytics.com/__utm.gif?utmac=UA-5828686-4&utmdt=Study%3A+A+Daily+Baby+Aspirin+Has+No+Benefit+For+Healthy+Older+People&utme=8(APIKey)9(MDAxOTAwOTE4MDEyMTkxMDAzNjczZDljZA004)\">\u003c/div>\n\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>",
"attributes": {
"named": {},
"numeric": []
}
}
],
"link": "/futureofyou/444469/study-a-daily-baby-aspirin-has-no-benefit-for-healthy-older-people",
"authors": [
"byline_futureofyou_444469"
],
"categories": [
"futureofyou_1060",
"futureofyou_1062",
"futureofyou_1",
"futureofyou_73"
],
"tags": [
"futureofyou_823",
"futureofyou_190",
"futureofyou_1008",
"futureofyou_61",
"futureofyou_1056"
],
"collections": [
"futureofyou_1093",
"futureofyou_1097"
],
"featImg": "futureofyou_444470",
"label": "source_futureofyou_444469"
}
},
"podcastsReducer": {
"isFetching": false,
"fetchFailed": false,
"hasFetched": false,
"podcasts": {}
},
"radioProgramsReducer": {
"isFetching": false,
"fetchFailed": false,
"hasFetched": false,
"radioPrograms": {}
},
"radioSearchSegmentsReducer": {},
"programsReducer": {
"all-things-considered": {
"id": "all-things-considered",
"title": "All Things Considered",
"info": "Every weekday, \u003cem>All Things Considered\u003c/em> hosts Robert Siegel, Audie Cornish, Ari Shapiro, and Kelly McEvers present the program's trademark mix of news, interviews, commentaries, reviews, and offbeat features. Michel Martin hosts on the weekends.",
"airtime": "MON-FRI 1pm-2pm, 4:30pm-6:30pm\u003cbr />SAT-SUN 5pm-6pm",
"imageSrc": "https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/04/All-Things-Considered-Podcast-Tile-360x360-1.jpg",
"officialWebsiteLink": "https://www.npr.org/programs/all-things-considered/",
"meta": {
"site": "news",
"source": "npr"
},
"link": "/radio/program/all-things-considered"
},
"american-suburb-podcast": {
"id": "american-suburb-podcast",
"title": "American Suburb: The Podcast",
"tagline": "The flip side of gentrification, told through one town",
"info": "Gentrification is changing cities across America, forcing people from neighborhoods they have long called home. Call them the displaced. Now those priced out of the Bay Area are looking for a better life in an unlikely place. American Suburb follows this migration to one California town along the Delta, 45 miles from San Francisco. But is this once sleepy suburb ready for them?",
"imageSrc": "https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/04/American-Suburb-Podcast-Tile-703x703-1.jpg",
"officialWebsiteLink": "/news/series/american-suburb-podcast",
"meta": {
"site": "news",
"source": "kqed",
"order": 19
},
"link": "/news/series/american-suburb-podcast/",
"subscribe": {
"npr": "https://rpb3r.app.goo.gl/RBrW",
"apple": "https://itunes.apple.com/WebObjects/MZStore.woa/wa/viewPodcast?mt=2&id=1287748328",
"tuneIn": "https://tunein.com/radio/American-Suburb-p1086805/",
"rss": "https://ww2.kqed.org/news/series/american-suburb-podcast/feed/podcast",
"google": "https://podcasts.google.com/feed/aHR0cHM6Ly9mZWVkcy5tZWdhcGhvbmUuZm0vS1FJTkMzMDExODgxNjA5"
}
},
"baycurious": {
"id": "baycurious",
"title": "Bay Curious",
"tagline": "Exploring the Bay Area, one question at a time",
"info": "KQED’s new podcast, Bay Curious, gets to the bottom of the mysteries — both profound and peculiar — that give the Bay Area its unique identity. And we’ll do it with your help! You ask the questions. You decide what Bay Curious investigates. And you join us on the journey to find the answers.",
"imageSrc": "https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/04/Bay-Curious-Podcast-Tile-703x703-1.jpg",
"imageAlt": "KQED Bay Curious",
"officialWebsiteLink": "/news/series/baycurious",
"meta": {
"site": "news",
"source": "kqed",
"order": 3
},
"link": "/podcasts/baycurious",
"subscribe": {
"apple": "https://podcasts.apple.com/us/podcast/bay-curious/id1172473406",
"npr": "https://www.npr.org/podcasts/500557090/bay-curious",
"rss": "https://ww2.kqed.org/news/category/bay-curious-podcast/feed/podcast",
"amazon": "https://music.amazon.com/podcasts/9a90d476-aa04-455d-9a4c-0871ed6216d4/bay-curious",
"stitcher": "https://www.stitcher.com/podcast/kqed/bay-curious",
"spotify": "https://open.spotify.com/show/6O76IdmhixfijmhTZLIJ8k"
}
},
"bbc-world-service": {
"id": "bbc-world-service",
"title": "BBC World Service",
"info": "The day's top stories from BBC News compiled twice daily in the week, once at weekends.",
"airtime": "MON-FRI 9pm-10pm, TUE-FRI 1am-2am",
"imageSrc": "https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/04/BBC-World-Service-Podcast-Tile-360x360-1.jpg",
"officialWebsiteLink": "https://www.bbc.co.uk/sounds/play/live:bbc_world_service",
"meta": {
"site": "news",
"source": "BBC World Service"
},
"link": "/radio/program/bbc-world-service",
"subscribe": {
"apple": "https://itunes.apple.com/us/podcast/global-news-podcast/id135067274?mt=2",
"tuneIn": "https://tunein.com/radio/BBC-World-Service-p455581/",
"rss": "https://podcasts.files.bbci.co.uk/p02nq0gn.rss"
}
},
"californiareport": {
"id": "californiareport",
"title": "The California Report",
"tagline": "California, day by day",
"info": "KQED’s statewide radio news program providing daily coverage of issues, trends and public policy decisions.",
"imageSrc": "https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/04/The-California-Report-Podcast-Tile-703x703-1.jpg",
"imageAlt": "KQED The California Report",
"officialWebsiteLink": "/californiareport",
"meta": {
"site": "news",
"source": "kqed",
"order": 8
},
"link": "/californiareport",
"subscribe": {
"apple": "https://podcasts.apple.com/us/podcast/kqeds-the-california-report/id79681292",
"amazon": "https://music.amazon.com/podcasts/26099305-72af-4542-9dde-ac1807fe36d5/kqed-s-the-california-report",
"npr": "https://www.npr.org/podcasts/432285393/the-california-report",
"stitcher": "https://www.stitcher.com/podcast/kqedfm-kqeds-the-california-report-podcast-8838",
"rss": "https://ww2.kqed.org/news/tag/tcram/feed/podcast"
}
},
"californiareportmagazine": {
"id": "californiareportmagazine",
"title": "The California Report Magazine",
"tagline": "Your state, your stories",
"info": "Every week, The California Report Magazine takes you on a road trip for the ears: to visit the places and meet the people who make California unique. The in-depth storytelling podcast from the California Report.",
"airtime": "FRI 4:30pm-5pm, 6:30pm-7pm, 11pm-11:30pm",
"imageSrc": "https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/04/The-California-Report-Magazine-Podcast-Tile-703x703-1.jpg",
"imageAlt": "KQED The California Report Magazine",
"officialWebsiteLink": "/californiareportmagazine",
"meta": {
"site": "news",
"source": "kqed",
"order": 10
},
"link": "/californiareportmagazine",
"subscribe": {
"apple": "https://podcasts.apple.com/us/podcast/the-california-report-magazine/id1314750545",
"google": "https://podcasts.google.com/feed/aHR0cHM6Ly9mZWVkcy5tZWdhcGhvbmUuZm0vS1FJTkM3NjkwNjk1OTAz",
"npr": "https://www.npr.org/podcasts/564733126/the-california-report-magazine",
"stitcher": "https://www.stitcher.com/podcast/kqed/the-california-report-magazine",
"rss": "https://ww2.kqed.org/news/tag/tcrmag/feed/podcast"
}
},
"city-arts": {
"id": "city-arts",
"title": "City Arts & Lectures",
"info": "A one-hour radio program to hear celebrated writers, artists and thinkers address contemporary ideas and values, often discussing the creative process. Please note: tapes or transcripts are not available",
"imageSrc": "https://ww2.kqed.org/radio/wp-content/uploads/sites/50/2018/05/cityartsandlecture-300x300.jpg",
"officialWebsiteLink": "https://www.cityarts.net/",
"airtime": "SUN 1pm-2pm, TUE 10pm, WED 1am",
"meta": {
"site": "news",
"source": "City Arts & Lectures"
},
"link": "https://www.cityarts.net",
"subscribe": {
"tuneIn": "https://tunein.com/radio/City-Arts-and-Lectures-p692/",
"rss": "https://www.cityarts.net/feed/"
}
},
"closealltabs": {
"id": "closealltabs",
"title": "Close All Tabs",
"tagline": "Your irreverent guide to the trends redefining our world",
"info": "Close All Tabs breaks down how digital culture shapes our world through thoughtful insights and irreverent humor.",
"imageSrc": "https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2025/02/CAT_2_Tile-scaled.jpg",
"imageAlt": "KQED Close All Tabs",
"officialWebsiteLink": "/podcasts/closealltabs",
"meta": {
"site": "news",
"source": "kqed",
"order": 1
},
"link": "/podcasts/closealltabs",
"subscribe": {
"apple": "https://podcasts.apple.com/us/podcast/close-all-tabs/id214663465",
"rss": "https://feeds.megaphone.fm/KQINC6993880386",
"amazon": "https://music.amazon.com/podcasts/92d9d4ac-67a3-4eed-b10a-fb45d45b1ef2/close-all-tabs",
"spotify": "https://open.spotify.com/show/6LAJFHnGK1pYXYzv6SIol6?si=deb0cae19813417c"
}
},
"code-switch-life-kit": {
"id": "code-switch-life-kit",
"title": "Code Switch / Life Kit",
"info": "\u003cem>Code Switch\u003c/em>, which listeners will hear in the first part of the hour, has fearless and much-needed conversations about race. Hosted by journalists of color, the show tackles the subject of race head-on, exploring how it impacts every part of society — from politics and pop culture to history, sports and more.\u003cbr />\u003cbr />\u003cem>Life Kit\u003c/em>, which will be in the second part of the hour, guides you through spaces and feelings no one prepares you for — from finances to mental health, from workplace microaggressions to imposter syndrome, from relationships to parenting. The show features experts with real world experience and shares their knowledge. Because everyone needs a little help being human.\u003cbr />\u003cbr />\u003ca href=\"https://www.npr.org/podcasts/510312/codeswitch\">\u003cem>Code Switch\u003c/em> offical site and podcast\u003c/a>\u003cbr />\u003ca href=\"https://www.npr.org/lifekit\">\u003cem>Life Kit\u003c/em> offical site and podcast\u003c/a>\u003cbr />",
"airtime": "SUN 9pm-10pm",
"imageSrc": "https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/04/Code-Switch-Life-Kit-Podcast-Tile-360x360-1.jpg",
"meta": {
"site": "radio",
"source": "npr"
},
"link": "/radio/program/code-switch-life-kit",
"subscribe": {
"apple": "https://podcasts.apple.com/podcast/1112190608?mt=2&at=11l79Y&ct=nprdirectory",
"google": "https://podcasts.google.com/feed/aHR0cHM6Ly93d3cubnByLm9yZy9yc3MvcG9kY2FzdC5waHA_aWQ9NTEwMzEy",
"spotify": "https://open.spotify.com/show/3bExJ9JQpkwNhoHvaIIuyV",
"rss": "https://feeds.npr.org/510312/podcast.xml"
}
},
"commonwealth-club": {
"id": "commonwealth-club",
"title": "Commonwealth Club of California Podcast",
"info": "The Commonwealth Club of California is the nation's oldest and largest public affairs forum. As a non-partisan forum, The Club brings to the public airwaves diverse viewpoints on important topics. The Club's weekly radio broadcast - the oldest in the U.S., dating back to 1924 - is carried across the nation on public radio stations and is now podcasting. Our website archive features audio of our recent programs, as well as selected speeches from our long and distinguished history. This podcast feed is usually updated twice a week and is always un-edited.",
"airtime": "THU 10pm, FRI 1am",
"imageSrc": "https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/04/Commonwealth-Club-Podcast-Tile-360x360-1.jpg",
"officialWebsiteLink": "https://www.commonwealthclub.org/podcasts",
"meta": {
"site": "news",
"source": "Commonwealth Club of California"
},
"link": "/radio/program/commonwealth-club",
"subscribe": {
"apple": "https://itunes.apple.com/us/podcast/commonwealth-club-of-california-podcast/id976334034?mt=2",
"google": "https://podcasts.google.com/feed/aHR0cDovL3d3dy5jb21tb253ZWFsdGhjbHViLm9yZy9hdWRpby9wb2RjYXN0L3dlZWtseS54bWw",
"tuneIn": "https://tunein.com/radio/Commonwealth-Club-of-California-p1060/"
}
},
"forum": {
"id": "forum",
"title": "Forum",
"tagline": "The conversation starts here",
"info": "KQED’s live call-in program discussing local, state, national and international issues, as well as in-depth interviews.",
"airtime": "MON-FRI 9am-11am, 10pm-11pm",
"imageSrc": "https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/04/Forum-Podcast-Tile-703x703-1.jpg",
"imageAlt": "KQED Forum with Mina Kim and Alexis Madrigal",
"officialWebsiteLink": "/forum",
"meta": {
"site": "news",
"source": "kqed",
"order": 9
},
"link": "/forum",
"subscribe": {
"apple": "https://podcasts.apple.com/us/podcast/kqeds-forum/id73329719",
"google": "https://podcasts.google.com/feed/aHR0cHM6Ly9mZWVkcy5tZWdhcGhvbmUuZm0vS1FJTkM5NTU3MzgxNjMz",
"npr": "https://www.npr.org/podcasts/432307980/forum",
"stitcher": "https://www.stitcher.com/podcast/kqedfm-kqeds-forum-podcast",
"rss": "https://feeds.megaphone.fm/KQINC9557381633"
}
},
"freakonomics-radio": {
"id": "freakonomics-radio",
"title": "Freakonomics Radio",
"info": "Freakonomics Radio is a one-hour award-winning podcast and public-radio project hosted by Stephen Dubner, with co-author Steve Levitt as a regular guest. It is produced in partnership with WNYC.",
"imageSrc": "https://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2018/05/freakonomicsRadio.png",
"officialWebsiteLink": "http://freakonomics.com/",
"airtime": "SUN 1am-2am, SAT 3pm-4pm",
"meta": {
"site": "radio",
"source": "WNYC"
},
"link": "/radio/program/freakonomics-radio",
"subscribe": {
"npr": "https://rpb3r.app.goo.gl/4s8b",
"apple": "https://itunes.apple.com/us/podcast/freakonomics-radio/id354668519",
"tuneIn": "https://tunein.com/podcasts/WNYC-Podcasts/Freakonomics-Radio-p272293/",
"rss": "https://feeds.feedburner.com/freakonomicsradio"
}
},
"fresh-air": {
"id": "fresh-air",
"title": "Fresh Air",
"info": "Hosted by Terry Gross, \u003cem>Fresh Air from WHYY\u003c/em> is the Peabody Award-winning weekday magazine of contemporary arts and issues. One of public radio's most popular programs, Fresh Air features intimate conversations with today's biggest luminaries.",
"airtime": "MON-FRI 7pm-8pm",
"imageSrc": "https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/04/Fresh-Air-Podcast-Tile-360x360-1.jpg",
"officialWebsiteLink": "https://www.npr.org/programs/fresh-air/",
"meta": {
"site": "radio",
"source": "npr"
},
"link": "/radio/program/fresh-air",
"subscribe": {
"npr": "https://rpb3r.app.goo.gl/4s8b",
"apple": "https://itunes.apple.com/WebObjects/MZStore.woa/wa/viewPodcast?s=143441&mt=2&id=214089682&at=11l79Y&ct=nprdirectory",
"tuneIn": "https://tunein.com/radio/Fresh-Air-p17/",
"rss": "https://feeds.npr.org/381444908/podcast.xml"
}
},
"here-and-now": {
"id": "here-and-now",
"title": "Here & Now",
"info": "A live production of NPR and WBUR Boston, in collaboration with stations across the country, Here & Now reflects the fluid world of news as it's happening in the middle of the day, with timely, in-depth news, interviews and conversation. Hosted by Robin Young, Jeremy Hobson and Tonya Mosley.",
"airtime": "MON-THU 11am-12pm",
"imageSrc": "https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/04/Here-And-Now-Podcast-Tile-360x360-1.jpg",
"officialWebsiteLink": "http://www.wbur.org/hereandnow",
"meta": {
"site": "news",
"source": "npr"
},
"link": "/radio/program/here-and-now",
"subsdcribe": {
"apple": "https://itunes.apple.com/WebObjects/MZStore.woa/wa/viewPodcast?mt=2&id=426698661",
"tuneIn": "https://tunein.com/radio/Here--Now-p211/",
"rss": "https://feeds.npr.org/510051/podcast.xml"
}
},
"hidden-brain": {
"id": "hidden-brain",
"title": "Hidden Brain",
"info": "Shankar Vedantam uses science and storytelling to reveal the unconscious patterns that drive human behavior, shape our choices and direct our relationships.",
"imageSrc": "https://ww2.kqed.org/radio/wp-content/uploads/sites/50/2018/05/hiddenbrain.jpg",
"officialWebsiteLink": "https://www.npr.org/series/423302056/hidden-brain",
"airtime": "SUN 7pm-8pm",
"meta": {
"site": "news",
"source": "NPR"
},
"link": "/radio/program/hidden-brain",
"subscribe": {
"apple": "https://itunes.apple.com/us/podcast/hidden-brain/id1028908750?mt=2",
"tuneIn": "https://tunein.com/podcasts/Science-Podcasts/Hidden-Brain-p787503/",
"rss": "https://feeds.npr.org/510308/podcast.xml"
}
},
"how-i-built-this": {
"id": "how-i-built-this",
"title": "How I Built This with Guy Raz",
"info": "Guy Raz dives into the stories behind some of the world's best known companies. How I Built This weaves a narrative journey about innovators, entrepreneurs and idealists—and the movements they built.",
"imageSrc": "https://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2018/05/howIBuiltThis.png",
"officialWebsiteLink": "https://www.npr.org/podcasts/510313/how-i-built-this",
"airtime": "SUN 7:30pm-8pm",
"meta": {
"site": "news",
"source": "npr"
},
"link": "/radio/program/how-i-built-this",
"subscribe": {
"npr": "https://rpb3r.app.goo.gl/3zxy",
"apple": "https://itunes.apple.com/us/podcast/how-i-built-this-with-guy-raz/id1150510297?mt=2",
"tuneIn": "https://tunein.com/podcasts/Arts--Culture-Podcasts/How-I-Built-This-p910896/",
"rss": "https://feeds.npr.org/510313/podcast.xml"
}
},
"hyphenacion": {
"id": "hyphenacion",
"title": "Hyphenación",
"tagline": "Where conversation and cultura meet",
"info": "What kind of no sabo word is Hyphenación? For us, it’s about living within a hyphenation. Like being a third-gen Mexican-American from the Texas border now living that Bay Area Chicano life. Like Xorje! Each week we bring together a couple of hyphenated Latinos to talk all about personal life choices: family, careers, relationships, belonging … everything is on the table. ",
"imageSrc": "https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2025/03/Hyphenacion_FinalAssets_PodcastTile.png",
"imageAlt": "KQED Hyphenación",
"officialWebsiteLink": "/podcasts/hyphenacion",
"meta": {
"site": "news",
"source": "kqed",
"order": 15
},
"link": "/podcasts/hyphenacion",
"subscribe": {
"apple": "https://podcasts.apple.com/us/podcast/hyphenaci%C3%B3n/id1191591838",
"spotify": "https://open.spotify.com/show/2p3Fifq96nw9BPcmFdIq0o?si=39209f7b25774f38",
"youtube": "https://www.youtube.com/c/kqedarts",
"amazon": "https://music.amazon.com/podcasts/6c3dd23c-93fb-4aab-97ba-1725fa6315f1/hyphenaci%C3%B3n",
"rss": "https://feeds.megaphone.fm/KQINC2275451163"
}
},
"jerrybrown": {
"id": "jerrybrown",
"title": "The Political Mind of Jerry Brown",
"tagline": "Lessons from a lifetime in politics",
"info": "The Political Mind of Jerry Brown brings listeners the wisdom of the former Governor, Mayor, and presidential candidate. Scott Shafer interviewed Brown for more than 40 hours, covering the former governor's life and half-century in the political game – and Brown has some lessons he'd like to share. ",
"imageSrc": "https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/04/The-Political-Mind-of-Jerry-Brown-Podcast-Tile-703x703-1.jpg",
"imageAlt": "KQED The Political Mind of Jerry Brown",
"officialWebsiteLink": "/podcasts/jerrybrown",
"meta": {
"site": "news",
"source": "kqed",
"order": 18
},
"link": "/podcasts/jerrybrown",
"subscribe": {
"npr": "https://www.npr.org/podcasts/790253322/the-political-mind-of-jerry-brown",
"apple": "https://itunes.apple.com/us/podcast/id1492194549",
"rss": "https://ww2.kqed.org/news/series/jerrybrown/feed/podcast/",
"tuneIn": "http://tun.in/pjGcK",
"stitcher": "https://www.stitcher.com/podcast/kqed/the-political-mind-of-jerry-brown",
"spotify": "https://open.spotify.com/show/54C1dmuyFyKMFttY6X2j6r?si=K8SgRCoISNK6ZbjpXrX5-w",
"amazon": "https://music.amazon.com/podcasts/44420f75-3b0e-4301-ab3b-16da6b09e543/the-political-mind-of-jerry-brown"
}
},
"latino-usa": {
"id": "latino-usa",
"title": "Latino USA",
"airtime": "MON 1am-2am, SUN 6pm-7pm",
"info": "Latino USA, the radio journal of news and culture, is the only national, English-language radio program produced from a Latino perspective.",
"imageSrc": "https://ww2.kqed.org/radio/wp-content/uploads/sites/50/2018/04/latinoUsa.jpg",
"officialWebsiteLink": "http://latinousa.org/",
"meta": {
"site": "news",
"source": "npr"
},
"link": "/radio/program/latino-usa",
"subscribe": {
"npr": "https://rpb3r.app.goo.gl/xtTd",
"apple": "https://itunes.apple.com/WebObjects/MZStore.woa/wa/viewPodcast?s=143441&mt=2&id=79681317&at=11l79Y&ct=nprdirectory",
"tuneIn": "https://tunein.com/radio/Latino-USA-p621/",
"rss": "https://feeds.npr.org/510016/podcast.xml"
}
},
"marketplace": {
"id": "marketplace",
"title": "Marketplace",
"info": "Our flagship program, helmed by Kai Ryssdal, examines what the day in money delivered, through stories, conversations, newsworthy numbers and more. Updated Monday through Friday at about 3:30 p.m. PT.",
"airtime": "MON-FRI 4pm-4:30pm, MON-WED 6:30pm-7pm",
"imageSrc": "https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/04/Marketplace-Podcast-Tile-360x360-1.jpg",
"officialWebsiteLink": "https://www.marketplace.org/",
"meta": {
"site": "news",
"source": "American Public Media"
},
"link": "/radio/program/marketplace",
"subscribe": {
"apple": "https://itunes.apple.com/WebObjects/MZStore.woa/wa/viewPodcast?s=143441&mt=2&id=201853034&at=11l79Y&ct=nprdirectory",
"tuneIn": "https://tunein.com/radio/APM-Marketplace-p88/",
"rss": "https://feeds.publicradio.org/public_feeds/marketplace-pm/rss/rss"
}
},
"masters-of-scale": {
"id": "masters-of-scale",
"title": "Masters of Scale",
"info": "Masters of Scale is an original podcast in which LinkedIn co-founder and Greylock Partner Reid Hoffman sets out to describe and prove theories that explain how great entrepreneurs take their companies from zero to a gazillion in ingenious fashion.",
"airtime": "Every other Wednesday June 12 through October 16 at 8pm (repeats Thursdays at 2am)",
"imageSrc": "https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/04/Masters-of-Scale-Podcast-Tile-360x360-1.jpg",
"officialWebsiteLink": "https://mastersofscale.com/",
"meta": {
"site": "radio",
"source": "WaitWhat"
},
"link": "/radio/program/masters-of-scale",
"subscribe": {
"apple": "http://mastersofscale.app.link/",
"rss": "https://rss.art19.com/masters-of-scale"
}
},
"mindshift": {
"id": "mindshift",
"title": "MindShift",
"tagline": "A podcast about the future of learning and how we raise our kids",
"info": "The MindShift podcast explores the innovations in education that are shaping how kids learn. Hosts Ki Sung and Katrina Schwartz introduce listeners to educators, researchers, parents and students who are developing effective ways to improve how kids learn. We cover topics like how fed-up administrators are developing surprising tactics to deal with classroom disruptions; how listening to podcasts are helping kids develop reading skills; the consequences of overparenting; and why interdisciplinary learning can engage students on all ends of the traditional achievement spectrum. This podcast is part of the MindShift education site, a division of KQED News. KQED is an NPR/PBS member station based in San Francisco. You can also visit the MindShift website for episodes and supplemental blog posts or tweet us \u003ca href=\"https://twitter.com/MindShiftKQED\">@MindShiftKQED\u003c/a> or visit us at \u003ca href=\"/mindshift\">MindShift.KQED.org\u003c/a>",
"imageSrc": "https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/04/Mindshift-Podcast-Tile-703x703-1.jpg",
"imageAlt": "KQED MindShift: How We Will Learn",
"officialWebsiteLink": "/mindshift/",
"meta": {
"site": "news",
"source": "kqed",
"order": 12
},
"link": "/podcasts/mindshift",
"subscribe": {
"apple": "https://podcasts.apple.com/us/podcast/mindshift-podcast/id1078765985",
"google": "https://podcasts.google.com/feed/aHR0cHM6Ly9mZWVkcy5tZWdhcGhvbmUuZm0vS1FJTkM1NzY0NjAwNDI5",
"npr": "https://www.npr.org/podcasts/464615685/mind-shift-podcast",
"stitcher": "https://www.stitcher.com/podcast/kqed/stories-teachers-share",
"spotify": "https://open.spotify.com/show/0MxSpNYZKNprFLCl7eEtyx"
}
},
"morning-edition": {
"id": "morning-edition",
"title": "Morning Edition",
"info": "\u003cem>Morning Edition\u003c/em> takes listeners around the country and the world with multi-faceted stories and commentaries every weekday. Hosts Steve Inskeep, David Greene and Rachel Martin bring you the latest breaking news and features to prepare you for the day.",
"airtime": "MON-FRI 3am-9am",
"imageSrc": "https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/04/Morning-Edition-Podcast-Tile-360x360-1.jpg",
"officialWebsiteLink": "https://www.npr.org/programs/morning-edition/",
"meta": {
"site": "news",
"source": "npr"
},
"link": "/radio/program/morning-edition"
},
"onourwatch": {
"id": "onourwatch",
"title": "On Our Watch",
"tagline": "Deeply-reported investigative journalism",
"info": "For decades, the process for how police police themselves has been inconsistent – if not opaque. In some states, like California, these proceedings were completely hidden. After a new police transparency law unsealed scores of internal affairs files, our reporters set out to examine these cases and the shadow world of police discipline. On Our Watch brings listeners into the rooms where officers are questioned and witnesses are interrogated to find out who this system is really protecting. Is it the officers, or the public they've sworn to serve?",
"imageSrc": "https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/04/On-Our-Watch-Podcast-Tile-703x703-1.jpg",
"imageAlt": "On Our Watch from NPR and KQED",
"officialWebsiteLink": "/podcasts/onourwatch",
"meta": {
"site": "news",
"source": "kqed",
"order": 11
},
"link": "/podcasts/onourwatch",
"subscribe": {
"apple": "https://podcasts.apple.com/podcast/id1567098962",
"google": "https://podcasts.google.com/feed/aHR0cHM6Ly9mZWVkcy5ucHIub3JnLzUxMDM2MC9wb2RjYXN0LnhtbD9zYz1nb29nbGVwb2RjYXN0cw",
"npr": "https://rpb3r.app.goo.gl/onourwatch",
"spotify": "https://open.spotify.com/show/0OLWoyizopu6tY1XiuX70x",
"tuneIn": "https://tunein.com/radio/On-Our-Watch-p1436229/",
"stitcher": "https://www.stitcher.com/show/on-our-watch",
"rss": "https://feeds.npr.org/510360/podcast.xml"
}
},
"on-the-media": {
"id": "on-the-media",
"title": "On The Media",
"info": "Our weekly podcast explores how the media 'sausage' is made, casts an incisive eye on fluctuations in the marketplace of ideas, and examines threats to the freedom of information and expression in America and abroad. For one hour a week, the show tries to lift the veil from the process of \"making media,\" especially news media, because it's through that lens that we see the world and the world sees us",
"airtime": "SUN 2pm-3pm, MON 12am-1am",
"imageSrc": "https://ww2.kqed.org/radio/wp-content/uploads/sites/50/2018/04/onTheMedia.png",
"officialWebsiteLink": "https://www.wnycstudios.org/shows/otm",
"meta": {
"site": "news",
"source": "wnyc"
},
"link": "/radio/program/on-the-media",
"subscribe": {
"apple": "https://itunes.apple.com/us/podcast/on-the-media/id73330715?mt=2",
"tuneIn": "https://tunein.com/radio/On-the-Media-p69/",
"rss": "http://feeds.wnyc.org/onthemedia"
}
},
"pbs-newshour": {
"id": "pbs-newshour",
"title": "PBS NewsHour",
"info": "Analysis, background reports and updates from the PBS NewsHour putting today's news in context.",
"airtime": "MON-FRI 3pm-4pm",
"imageSrc": "https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/04/PBS-News-Hour-Podcast-Tile-360x360-1.jpg",
"officialWebsiteLink": "https://www.pbs.org/newshour/",
"meta": {
"site": "news",
"source": "pbs"
},
"link": "/radio/program/pbs-newshour",
"subscribe": {
"apple": "https://itunes.apple.com/us/podcast/pbs-newshour-full-show/id394432287?mt=2",
"tuneIn": "https://tunein.com/radio/PBS-NewsHour---Full-Show-p425698/",
"rss": "https://www.pbs.org/newshour/feeds/rss/podcasts/show"
}
},
"perspectives": {
"id": "perspectives",
"title": "Perspectives",
"tagline": "KQED's series of daily listener commentaries since 1991",
"info": "KQED's series of daily listener commentaries since 1991.",
"imageSrc": "https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2025/01/Perspectives_Tile_Final.jpg",
"imageAlt": "KQED Perspectives",
"officialWebsiteLink": "/perspectives/",
"meta": {
"site": "radio",
"source": "kqed",
"order": 14
},
"link": "/perspectives",
"subscribe": {
"apple": "https://podcasts.apple.com/us/podcast/id73801135",
"npr": "https://www.npr.org/podcasts/432309616/perspectives",
"rss": "https://ww2.kqed.org/perspectives/category/perspectives/feed/",
"google": "https://podcasts.google.com/feed/aHR0cHM6Ly93dzIua3FlZC5vcmcvcGVyc3BlY3RpdmVzL2NhdGVnb3J5L3BlcnNwZWN0aXZlcy9mZWVkLw"
}
},
"planet-money": {
"id": "planet-money",
"title": "Planet Money",
"info": "The economy explained. Imagine you could call up a friend and say, Meet me at the bar and tell me what's going on with the economy. Now imagine that's actually a fun evening.",
"airtime": "SUN 3pm-4pm",
"imageSrc": "https://ww2.kqed.org/radio/wp-content/uploads/sites/50/2018/04/planetmoney.jpg",
"officialWebsiteLink": "https://www.npr.org/sections/money/",
"meta": {
"site": "news",
"source": "npr"
},
"link": "/radio/program/planet-money",
"subscribe": {
"npr": "https://rpb3r.app.goo.gl/M4f5",
"apple": "https://itunes.apple.com/us/podcast/planet-money/id290783428?mt=2",
"tuneIn": "https://tunein.com/podcasts/Business--Economics-Podcasts/Planet-Money-p164680/",
"rss": "https://feeds.npr.org/510289/podcast.xml"
}
},
"politicalbreakdown": {
"id": "politicalbreakdown",
"title": "Political Breakdown",
"tagline": "Politics from a personal perspective",
"info": "Political Breakdown is a new series that explores the political intersection of California and the nation. Each week hosts Scott Shafer and Marisa Lagos are joined with a new special guest to unpack politics -- with personality — and offer an insider’s glimpse at how politics happens.",
"airtime": "THU 6:30pm-7pm",
"imageSrc": "https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/04/Political-Breakdown-2024-Podcast-Tile-703x703-1.jpg",
"imageAlt": "KQED Political Breakdown",
"officialWebsiteLink": "/podcasts/politicalbreakdown",
"meta": {
"site": "radio",
"source": "kqed",
"order": 5
},
"link": "/podcasts/politicalbreakdown",
"subscribe": {
"apple": "https://podcasts.apple.com/us/podcast/political-breakdown/id1327641087",
"amazon": "https://music.amazon.com/podcasts/e0c2d153-ad36-4c8d-901d-f1da6a724824/political-breakdown",
"npr": "https://www.npr.org/podcasts/572155894/political-breakdown",
"stitcher": "https://www.stitcher.com/podcast/kqed/political-breakdown",
"spotify": "https://open.spotify.com/show/07RVyIjIdk2WDuVehvBMoN",
"rss": "https://ww2.kqed.org/news/tag/political-breakdown/feed/podcast"
}
},
"possible": {
"id": "possible",
"title": "Possible",
"info": "Possible is hosted by entrepreneur Reid Hoffman and writer Aria Finger. Together in Possible, Hoffman and Finger lead enlightening discussions about building a brighter collective future. The show features interviews with visionary guests like Trevor Noah, Sam Altman and Janette Sadik-Khan. Possible paints an optimistic portrait of the world we can create through science, policy, business, art and our shared humanity. It asks: What if everything goes right for once? How can we get there? Each episode also includes a short fiction story generated by advanced AI GPT-4, serving as a thought-provoking springboard to speculate how humanity could leverage technology for good.",
"airtime": "SUN 2pm",
"imageSrc": "https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/04/Possible-Podcast-Tile-360x360-1.jpg",
"officialWebsiteLink": "https://www.possible.fm/",
"meta": {
"site": "news",
"source": "Possible"
},
"link": "/radio/program/possible",
"subscribe": {
"apple": "https://podcasts.apple.com/us/podcast/possible/id1677184070",
"spotify": "https://open.spotify.com/show/730YpdUSNlMyPQwNnyjp4k"
}
},
"pri-the-world": {
"id": "pri-the-world",
"title": "PRI's The World: Latest Edition",
"info": "Each weekday, host Marco Werman and his team of producers bring you the world's most interesting stories in an hour of radio that reminds us just how small our planet really is.",
"airtime": "MON-FRI 2pm-3pm",
"imageSrc": "https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/04/The-World-Podcast-Tile-360x360-1.jpg",
"officialWebsiteLink": "https://www.pri.org/programs/the-world",
"meta": {
"site": "news",
"source": "PRI"
},
"link": "/radio/program/pri-the-world",
"subscribe": {
"apple": "https://itunes.apple.com/us/podcast/pris-the-world-latest-edition/id278196007?mt=2",
"tuneIn": "https://tunein.com/podcasts/News--Politics-Podcasts/PRIs-The-World-p24/",
"rss": "http://feeds.feedburner.com/pri/theworld"
}
},
"radiolab": {
"id": "radiolab",
"title": "Radiolab",
"info": "A two-time Peabody Award-winner, Radiolab is an investigation told through sounds and stories, and centered around one big idea. In the Radiolab world, information sounds like music and science and culture collide. Hosted by Jad Abumrad and Robert Krulwich, the show is designed for listeners who demand skepticism, but appreciate wonder. WNYC Studios is the producer of other leading podcasts including Freakonomics Radio, Death, Sex & Money, On the Media and many more.",
"airtime": "SUN 12am-1am, SAT 2pm-3pm",
"imageSrc": "https://ww2.kqed.org/radio/wp-content/uploads/sites/50/2018/04/radiolab1400.png",
"officialWebsiteLink": "https://www.wnycstudios.org/shows/radiolab/",
"meta": {
"site": "science",
"source": "WNYC"
},
"link": "/radio/program/radiolab",
"subscribe": {
"apple": "https://itunes.apple.com/us/podcast/radiolab/id152249110?mt=2",
"tuneIn": "https://tunein.com/radio/RadioLab-p68032/",
"rss": "https://feeds.wnyc.org/radiolab"
}
},
"reveal": {
"id": "reveal",
"title": "Reveal",
"info": "Created by The Center for Investigative Reporting and PRX, Reveal is public radios first one-hour weekly radio show and podcast dedicated to investigative reporting. Credible, fact based and without a partisan agenda, Reveal combines the power and artistry of driveway moment storytelling with data-rich reporting on critically important issues. The result is stories that inform and inspire, arming our listeners with information to right injustices, hold the powerful accountable and improve lives.Reveal is hosted by Al Letson and showcases the award-winning work of CIR and newsrooms large and small across the nation. In a radio and podcast market crowded with choices, Reveal focuses on important and often surprising stories that illuminate the world for our listeners.",
"airtime": "SAT 4pm-5pm",
"imageSrc": "https://ww2.kqed.org/radio/wp-content/uploads/sites/50/2018/04/reveal300px.png",
"officialWebsiteLink": "https://www.revealnews.org/episodes/",
"meta": {
"site": "news",
"source": "npr"
},
"link": "/radio/program/reveal",
"subscribe": {
"apple": "https://itunes.apple.com/us/podcast/reveal/id886009669",
"tuneIn": "https://tunein.com/radio/Reveal-p679597/",
"rss": "http://feeds.revealradio.org/revealpodcast"
}
},
"rightnowish": {
"id": "rightnowish",
"title": "Rightnowish",
"tagline": "Art is where you find it",
"info": "Rightnowish digs into life in the Bay Area right now… ish. Journalist Pendarvis Harshaw takes us to galleries painted on the sides of liquor stores in West Oakland. We'll dance in warehouses in the Bayview, make smoothies with kids in South Berkeley, and listen to classical music in a 1984 Cutlass Supreme in Richmond. Every week, Pen talks to movers and shakers about how the Bay Area shapes what they create, and how they shape the place we call home.",
"imageSrc": "https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/04/Rightnowish-Podcast-Tile-500x500-1.jpg",
"imageAlt": "KQED Rightnowish with Pendarvis Harshaw",
"officialWebsiteLink": "/podcasts/rightnowish",
"meta": {
"site": "arts",
"source": "kqed",
"order": 16
},
"link": "/podcasts/rightnowish",
"subscribe": {
"npr": "https://www.npr.org/podcasts/721590300/rightnowish",
"rss": "https://ww2.kqed.org/arts/programs/rightnowish/feed/podcast",
"apple": "https://podcasts.apple.com/us/podcast/rightnowish/id1482187648",
"stitcher": "https://www.stitcher.com/podcast/kqed/rightnowish",
"google": "https://podcasts.google.com/feed/aHR0cHM6Ly9mZWVkcy5tZWdhcGhvbmUuZm0vS1FJTkMxMjU5MTY3NDc4",
"spotify": "https://open.spotify.com/show/7kEJuafTzTVan7B78ttz1I"
}
},
"science-friday": {
"id": "science-friday",
"title": "Science Friday",
"info": "Science Friday is a weekly science talk show, broadcast live over public radio stations nationwide. Each week, the show focuses on science topics that are in the news and tries to bring an educated, balanced discussion to bear on the scientific issues at hand. Panels of expert guests join host Ira Flatow, a veteran science journalist, to discuss science and to take questions from listeners during the call-in portion of the program.",
"airtime": "FRI 11am-1pm",
"imageSrc": "https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/04/Science-Friday-Podcast-Tile-360x360-1.jpg",
"officialWebsiteLink": "https://www.wnycstudios.org/shows/science-friday",
"meta": {
"site": "news",
"source": "npr"
},
"link": "/radio/program/science-friday",
"subscribe": {
"apple": "https://itunes.apple.com/WebObjects/MZStore.woa/wa/viewPodcast?s=143441&mt=2&id=73329284&at=11l79Y&ct=nprdirectory",
"tuneIn": "https://tunein.com/radio/Science-Friday-p394/",
"rss": "http://feeds.wnyc.org/science-friday"
}
},
"snap-judgment": {
"id": "snap-judgment",
"title": "Snap Judgment",
"tagline": "Real stories with killer beats",
"info": "The Snap Judgment radio show and podcast mixes real stories with killer beats to produce cinematic, dramatic radio. Snap's musical brand of storytelling dares listeners to see the world through the eyes of another. This is storytelling... with a BEAT!! Snap first aired on public radio stations nationwide in July 2010. Today, Snap Judgment airs on over 450 public radio stations and is brought to the airwaves by KQED & PRX.",
"airtime": "SAT 1pm-2pm, 9pm-10pm",
"imageSrc": "https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/05/Snap-Judgment-Podcast-Tile-703x703-1.jpg",
"imageAlt": "KQED Snap Judgment",
"officialWebsiteLink": "https://snapjudgment.org",
"meta": {
"site": "arts",
"source": "kqed",
"order": 4
},
"link": "https://snapjudgment.org",
"subscribe": {
"apple": "https://podcasts.apple.com/us/podcast/snap-judgment/id283657561",
"npr": "https://www.npr.org/podcasts/449018144/snap-judgment",
"stitcher": "https://www.pandora.com/podcast/snap-judgment/PC:241?source=stitcher-sunset",
"spotify": "https://open.spotify.com/show/3Cct7ZWmxHNAtLgBTqjC5v",
"rss": "https://snap.feed.snapjudgment.org/"
}
},
"soldout": {
"id": "soldout",
"title": "SOLD OUT: Rethinking Housing in America",
"tagline": "A new future for housing",
"info": "Sold Out: Rethinking Housing in America",
"imageSrc": "https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/04/Sold-Out-Podcast-Tile-703x703-1.jpg",
"imageAlt": "KQED Sold Out: Rethinking Housing in America",
"officialWebsiteLink": "/podcasts/soldout",
"meta": {
"site": "news",
"source": "kqed",
"order": 13
},
"link": "/podcasts/soldout",
"subscribe": {
"npr": "https://www.npr.org/podcasts/911586047/s-o-l-d-o-u-t-a-new-future-for-housing",
"apple": "https://podcasts.apple.com/us/podcast/introducing-sold-out-rethinking-housing-in-america/id1531354937",
"rss": "https://feeds.megaphone.fm/soldout",
"spotify": "https://open.spotify.com/show/38dTBSk2ISFoPiyYNoKn1X",
"stitcher": "https://www.stitcher.com/podcast/kqed/sold-out-rethinking-housing-in-america",
"tunein": "https://tunein.com/radio/SOLD-OUT-Rethinking-Housing-in-America-p1365871/"
}
},
"spooked": {
"id": "spooked",
"title": "Spooked",
"tagline": "True-life supernatural stories",
"info": "",
"imageSrc": "https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/10/Spooked-Podcast-Tile-703x703-1.jpg",
"imageAlt": "KQED Spooked",
"officialWebsiteLink": "https://spookedpodcast.org/",
"meta": {
"site": "news",
"source": "kqed",
"order": 7
},
"link": "https://spookedpodcast.org/",
"subscribe": {
"apple": "https://podcasts.apple.com/us/podcast/spooked/id1279361017",
"npr": "https://www.npr.org/podcasts/549547848/snap-judgment-presents-spooked",
"spotify": "https://open.spotify.com/show/76571Rfl3m7PLJQZKQIGCT",
"rss": "https://feeds.simplecast.com/TBotaapn"
}
},
"tech-nation": {
"id": "tech-nation",
"title": "Tech Nation Radio Podcast",
"info": "Tech Nation is a weekly public radio program, hosted by Dr. Moira Gunn. Founded in 1993, it has grown from a simple interview show to a multi-faceted production, featuring conversations with noted technology and science leaders, and a weekly science and technology-related commentary.",
"airtime": "FRI 10pm",
"imageSrc": "https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/04/Tech-Nation-Radio-Podcast-Tile-360x360-1.jpg",
"officialWebsiteLink": "http://technation.podomatic.com/",
"meta": {
"site": "science",
"source": "Tech Nation Media"
},
"link": "/radio/program/tech-nation",
"subscribe": {
"rss": "https://technation.podomatic.com/rss2.xml"
}
},
"ted-radio-hour": {
"id": "ted-radio-hour",
"title": "TED Radio Hour",
"info": "The TED Radio Hour is a journey through fascinating ideas, astonishing inventions, fresh approaches to old problems, and new ways to think and create.",
"airtime": "SUN 3pm-4pm, SAT 10pm-11pm",
"imageSrc": "https://ww2.kqed.org/radio/wp-content/uploads/sites/50/2018/04/tedRadioHour.jpg",
"officialWebsiteLink": "https://www.npr.org/programs/ted-radio-hour/?showDate=2018-06-22",
"meta": {
"site": "news",
"source": "npr"
},
"link": "/radio/program/ted-radio-hour",
"subscribe": {
"npr": "https://rpb3r.app.goo.gl/8vsS",
"apple": "https://itunes.apple.com/WebObjects/MZStore.woa/wa/viewPodcast?s=143441&mt=2&id=523121474&at=11l79Y&ct=nprdirectory",
"tuneIn": "https://tunein.com/radio/TED-Radio-Hour-p418021/",
"rss": "https://feeds.npr.org/510298/podcast.xml"
}
},
"thebay": {
"id": "thebay",
"title": "The Bay",
"tagline": "Local news to keep you rooted",
"info": "Host Devin Katayama walks you through the biggest story of the day with reporters and newsmakers.",
"imageSrc": "https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/04/The-Bay-Podcast-Tile-703x703-1.jpg",
"imageAlt": "KQED The Bay",
"officialWebsiteLink": "/podcasts/thebay",
"meta": {
"site": "radio",
"source": "kqed",
"order": 2
},
"link": "/podcasts/thebay",
"subscribe": {
"apple": "https://podcasts.apple.com/us/podcast/the-bay/id1350043452",
"amazon": "https://music.amazon.com/podcasts/d800ea4c-7a2c-42f2-b861-edaf78a5db0b/the-bay",
"npr": "https://www.npr.org/podcasts/586725995/the-bay",
"stitcher": "https://www.stitcher.com/podcast/kqed/the-bay",
"spotify": "https://open.spotify.com/show/4BIKBKIujizLHlIlBNaAqQ",
"rss": "https://feeds.megaphone.fm/KQINC8259786327"
}
},
"thelatest": {
"id": "thelatest",
"title": "The Latest",
"tagline": "Trusted local news in real time",
"info": "",
"imageSrc": "https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2025/05/The-Latest-2025-Podcast-Tile-703x703-1.jpg",
"imageAlt": "KQED The Latest",
"officialWebsiteLink": "/thelatest",
"meta": {
"site": "news",
"source": "kqed",
"order": 6
},
"link": "/thelatest",
"subscribe": {
"apple": "https://podcasts.apple.com/us/podcast/the-latest-from-kqed/id1197721799",
"npr": "https://www.npr.org/podcasts/1257949365/the-latest-from-k-q-e-d",
"spotify": "https://open.spotify.com/show/5KIIXMgM9GTi5AepwOYvIZ?si=bd3053fec7244dba",
"rss": "https://feeds.megaphone.fm/KQINC9137121918"
}
},
"theleap": {
"id": "theleap",
"title": "The Leap",
"tagline": "What if you closed your eyes, and jumped?",
"info": "Stories about people making dramatic, risky changes, told by award-winning public radio reporter Judy Campbell.",
"imageSrc": "https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/04/The-Leap-Podcast-Tile-703x703-1.jpg",
"imageAlt": "KQED The Leap",
"officialWebsiteLink": "/podcasts/theleap",
"meta": {
"site": "news",
"source": "kqed",
"order": 17
},
"link": "/podcasts/theleap",
"subscribe": {
"apple": "https://podcasts.apple.com/us/podcast/the-leap/id1046668171",
"npr": "https://www.npr.org/podcasts/447248267/the-leap",
"stitcher": "https://www.stitcher.com/podcast/kqed/the-leap",
"spotify": "https://open.spotify.com/show/3sSlVHHzU0ytLwuGs1SD1U",
"rss": "https://ww2.kqed.org/news/programs/the-leap/feed/podcast"
}
},
"the-moth-radio-hour": {
"id": "the-moth-radio-hour",
"title": "The Moth Radio Hour",
"info": "Since its launch in 1997, The Moth has presented thousands of true stories, told live and without notes, to standing-room-only crowds worldwide. Moth storytellers stand alone, under a spotlight, with only a microphone and a roomful of strangers. The storyteller and the audience embark on a high-wire act of shared experience which is both terrifying and exhilarating. Since 2008, The Moth podcast has featured many of our favorite stories told live on Moth stages around the country. For information on all of our programs and live events, visit themoth.org.",
"airtime": "SAT 8pm-9pm and SUN 11am-12pm",
"imageSrc": "https://ww2.kqed.org/radio/wp-content/uploads/sites/50/2018/04/theMoth.jpg",
"officialWebsiteLink": "https://themoth.org/",
"meta": {
"site": "arts",
"source": "prx"
},
"link": "/radio/program/the-moth-radio-hour",
"subscribe": {
"apple": "https://itunes.apple.com/us/podcast/the-moth-podcast/id275699983?mt=2",
"tuneIn": "https://tunein.com/radio/The-Moth-p273888/",
"rss": "http://feeds.themoth.org/themothpodcast"
}
},
"the-new-yorker-radio-hour": {
"id": "the-new-yorker-radio-hour",
"title": "The New Yorker Radio Hour",
"info": "The New Yorker Radio Hour is a weekly program presented by the magazine's editor, David Remnick, and produced by WNYC Studios and The New Yorker. Each episode features a diverse mix of interviews, profiles, storytelling, and an occasional burst of humor inspired by the magazine, and shaped by its writers, artists, and editors. This isn't a radio version of a magazine, but something all its own, reflecting the rich possibilities of audio storytelling and conversation. Theme music for the show was composed and performed by Merrill Garbus of tUnE-YArDs.",
"airtime": "SAT 10am-11am",
"imageSrc": "https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/04/The-New-Yorker-Podcast-Tile-360x360-1.jpg",
"officialWebsiteLink": "https://www.wnycstudios.org/shows/tnyradiohour",
"meta": {
"site": "arts",
"source": "WNYC"
},
"link": "/radio/program/the-new-yorker-radio-hour",
"subscribe": {
"apple": "https://itunes.apple.com/us/podcast/id1050430296",
"tuneIn": "https://tunein.com/podcasts/WNYC-Podcasts/New-Yorker-Radio-Hour-p803804/",
"rss": "https://feeds.feedburner.com/newyorkerradiohour"
}
},
"the-sam-sanders-show": {
"id": "the-sam-sanders-show",
"title": "The Sam Sanders Show",
"info": "One of public radio's most dynamic voices, Sam Sanders helped launch The NPR Politics Podcast and hosted NPR's hit show It's Been A Minute. Now, the award-winning host returns with something brand new, The Sam Sanders Show. Every week, Sam Sanders and friends dig into the culture that shapes our lives: what's driving the biggest trends, how artists really think, and even the memes you can't stop scrolling past. Sam is beloved for his way of unpacking the world and bringing you up close to fresh currents and engaging conversations. The Sam Sanders Show is smart, funny and always a good time.",
"airtime": "FRI 12-1pm AND SAT 11am-12pm",
"imageSrc": "https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2025/11/The-Sam-Sanders-Show-Podcast-Tile-400x400-1.jpg",
"officialWebsiteLink": "https://www.kcrw.com/shows/the-sam-sanders-show/latest",
"meta": {
"site": "arts",
"source": "KCRW"
},
"link": "https://www.kcrw.com/shows/the-sam-sanders-show/latest",
"subscribe": {
"rss": "https://feed.cdnstream1.com/zjb/feed/download/ac/28/59/ac28594c-e1d0-4231-8728-61865cdc80e8.xml"
}
},
"the-splendid-table": {
"id": "the-splendid-table",
"title": "The Splendid Table",
"info": "\u003cem>The Splendid Table\u003c/em> hosts our nation's conversations about cooking, sustainability and food culture.",
"imageSrc": "https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/04/The-Splendid-Table-Podcast-Tile-360x360-1.jpg",
"officialWebsiteLink": "https://www.splendidtable.org/",
"airtime": "SUN 10-11 pm",
"meta": {
"site": "radio",
"source": "npr"
},
"link": "/radio/program/the-splendid-table"
},
"this-american-life": {
"id": "this-american-life",
"title": "This American Life",
"info": "This American Life is a weekly public radio show, heard by 2.2 million people on more than 500 stations. Another 2.5 million people download the weekly podcast. It is hosted by Ira Glass, produced in collaboration with Chicago Public Media, delivered to stations by PRX The Public Radio Exchange, and has won all of the major broadcasting awards.",
"airtime": "SAT 12pm-1pm, 7pm-8pm",
"imageSrc": "https://ww2.kqed.org/radio/wp-content/uploads/sites/50/2018/04/thisAmericanLife.png",
"officialWebsiteLink": "https://www.thisamericanlife.org/",
"meta": {
"site": "news",
"source": "wbez"
},
"link": "/radio/program/this-american-life",
"subscribe": {
"apple": "https://itunes.apple.com/WebObjects/MZStore.woa/wa/viewPodcast?s=143441&mt=2&id=201671138&at=11l79Y&ct=nprdirectory",
"rss": "https://www.thisamericanlife.org/podcast/rss.xml"
}
},
"tinydeskradio": {
"id": "tinydeskradio",
"title": "Tiny Desk Radio",
"info": "We're bringing the best of Tiny Desk to the airwaves, only on public radio.",
"airtime": "SUN 8pm and SAT 9pm",
"imageSrc": "https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2025/04/300x300-For-Member-Station-Logo-Tiny-Desk-Radio-@2x.png",
"officialWebsiteLink": "https://www.npr.org/series/g-s1-52030/tiny-desk-radio",
"meta": {
"site": "news",
"source": "npr"
},
"link": "/radio/program/tinydeskradio",
"subscribe": {
"rss": "https://feeds.npr.org/g-s1-52030/rss.xml"
}
},
"wait-wait-dont-tell-me": {
"id": "wait-wait-dont-tell-me",
"title": "Wait Wait... Don't Tell Me!",
"info": "Peter Sagal and Bill Kurtis host the weekly NPR News quiz show alongside some of the best and brightest news and entertainment personalities.",
"airtime": "SUN 10am-11am, SAT 11am-12pm, SAT 6pm-7pm",
"imageSrc": "https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/04/Wait-Wait-Podcast-Tile-300x300-1.jpg",
"officialWebsiteLink": "https://www.npr.org/programs/wait-wait-dont-tell-me/",
"meta": {
"site": "news",
"source": "npr"
},
"link": "/radio/program/wait-wait-dont-tell-me",
"subscribe": {
"npr": "https://rpb3r.app.goo.gl/Xogv",
"apple": "https://itunes.apple.com/WebObjects/MZStore.woa/wa/viewPodcast?s=143441&mt=2&id=121493804&at=11l79Y&ct=nprdirectory",
"tuneIn": "https://tunein.com/radio/Wait-Wait-Dont-Tell-Me-p46/",
"rss": "https://feeds.npr.org/344098539/podcast.xml"
}
},
"weekend-edition-saturday": {
"id": "weekend-edition-saturday",
"title": "Weekend Edition Saturday",
"info": "Weekend Edition Saturday wraps up the week's news and offers a mix of analysis and features on a wide range of topics, including arts, sports, entertainment, and human interest stories. The two-hour program is hosted by NPR's Peabody Award-winning Scott Simon.",
"airtime": "SAT 5am-10am",
"imageSrc": "https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/04/Weekend-Edition-Podcast-Tile-360x360-1.jpg",
"officialWebsiteLink": "https://www.npr.org/programs/weekend-edition-saturday/",
"meta": {
"site": "news",
"source": "npr"
},
"link": "/radio/program/weekend-edition-saturday"
},
"weekend-edition-sunday": {
"id": "weekend-edition-sunday",
"title": "Weekend Edition Sunday",
"info": "Weekend Edition Sunday features interviews with newsmakers, artists, scientists, politicians, musicians, writers, theologians and historians. The program has covered news events from Nelson Mandela's 1990 release from a South African prison to the capture of Saddam Hussein.",
"airtime": "SUN 5am-10am",
"imageSrc": "https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/04/Weekend-Edition-Podcast-Tile-360x360-1.jpg",
"officialWebsiteLink": "https://www.npr.org/programs/weekend-edition-sunday/",
"meta": {
"site": "news",
"source": "npr"
},
"link": "/radio/program/weekend-edition-sunday"
}
},
"racesReducer": {},
"racesGenElectionReducer": {},
"racesGenElection2026Reducer": {},
"racesGenElection2026PresidentialReducer": {},
"radioSchedulesReducer": {},
"listsReducer": {
"posts/futureofyou?category=future-of-you": {
"isFetching": false,
"latestQuery": {
"from": 36,
"size": 12
},
"vitalsOnly": false,
"totalRequested": 12,
"isLoading": false,
"isLoadingMore": true,
"total": {
"value": 809,
"relation": "eq"
},
"items": [
"futureofyou_444810",
"futureofyou_444707",
"futureofyou_444725",
"futureofyou_444705",
"futureofyou_444670",
"futureofyou_444641",
"futureofyou_444621",
"futureofyou_444598",
"futureofyou_444536",
"futureofyou_444510",
"futureofyou_444504",
"futureofyou_444469"
],
"complete": true
}
},
"recallGuideReducer": {
"intros": {},
"policy": {},
"candidates": {}
},
"savedArticleReducer": {
"articles": [],
"status": {}
},
"newslettersReducer": {
"isFetching": false,
"fetchFailed": false,
"hasFetched": false,
"newsletters": {},
"isSubscribing": false,
"isUnsubscribing": false,
"subscribedNewsletters": {}
},
"termsReducer": {
"about": {
"name": "About",
"type": "terms",
"id": "about",
"slug": "about",
"link": "/about",
"taxonomy": "site"
},
"arts": {
"name": "Arts & Culture",
"grouping": [
"arts",
"pop",
"trulyca"
],
"description": "KQED Arts provides daily in-depth coverage of the Bay Area's music, art, film, performing arts, literature and arts news, as well as cultural commentary and criticism.",
"type": "terms",
"id": "arts",
"slug": "arts",
"link": "/arts",
"taxonomy": "site"
},
"artschool": {
"name": "Art School",
"parent": "arts",
"type": "terms",
"id": "artschool",
"slug": "artschool",
"link": "/artschool",
"taxonomy": "site"
},
"bayareabites": {
"name": "KQED food",
"grouping": [
"food",
"bayareabites",
"checkplease"
],
"parent": "food",
"type": "terms",
"id": "bayareabites",
"slug": "bayareabites",
"link": "/food",
"taxonomy": "site"
},
"bayareahiphop": {
"name": "Bay Area Hiphop",
"type": "terms",
"id": "bayareahiphop",
"slug": "bayareahiphop",
"link": "/bayareahiphop",
"taxonomy": "site"
},
"campaign21": {
"name": "Campaign 21",
"type": "terms",
"id": "campaign21",
"slug": "campaign21",
"link": "/campaign21",
"taxonomy": "site"
},
"careers": {
"name": "Careers",
"type": "terms",
"id": "careers",
"slug": "careers",
"link": "/careers",
"taxonomy": "site"
},
"checkplease": {
"name": "KQED food",
"grouping": [
"food",
"bayareabites",
"checkplease"
],
"parent": "food",
"type": "terms",
"id": "checkplease",
"slug": "checkplease",
"link": "/food",
"taxonomy": "site"
},
"education": {
"name": "Education",
"grouping": [
"education"
],
"type": "terms",
"id": "education",
"slug": "education",
"link": "/education",
"taxonomy": "site"
},
"elections": {
"name": "Elections",
"type": "terms",
"id": "elections",
"slug": "elections",
"link": "/elections",
"taxonomy": "site"
},
"events": {
"name": "Events",
"type": "terms",
"id": "events",
"slug": "events",
"link": "/events",
"taxonomy": "site"
},
"event": {
"name": "Event",
"alias": "events",
"type": "terms",
"id": "event",
"slug": "event",
"link": "/event",
"taxonomy": "site"
},
"filmschoolshorts": {
"name": "Film School Shorts",
"type": "terms",
"id": "filmschoolshorts",
"slug": "filmschoolshorts",
"link": "/filmschoolshorts",
"taxonomy": "site"
},
"food": {
"name": "KQED food",
"grouping": [
"food",
"bayareabites",
"checkplease"
],
"type": "terms",
"id": "food",
"slug": "food",
"link": "/food",
"taxonomy": "site"
},
"forum": {
"name": "Forum",
"relatedContentQuery": "posts/forum?",
"parent": "news",
"type": "terms",
"id": "forum",
"slug": "forum",
"link": "/forum",
"taxonomy": "site"
},
"futureofyou": {
"name": "Future of You",
"grouping": [
"science",
"futureofyou"
],
"parent": "science",
"type": "terms",
"id": "futureofyou",
"slug": "futureofyou",
"link": "/futureofyou",
"taxonomy": "site"
},
"jpepinheart": {
"name": "KQED food",
"relatedContentQuery": "posts/food,bayareabites,checkplease",
"parent": "food",
"type": "terms",
"id": "jpepinheart",
"slug": "jpepinheart",
"link": "/food",
"taxonomy": "site"
},
"liveblog": {
"name": "Live Blog",
"type": "terms",
"id": "liveblog",
"slug": "liveblog",
"link": "/liveblog",
"taxonomy": "site"
},
"livetv": {
"name": "Live TV",
"parent": "tv",
"type": "terms",
"id": "livetv",
"slug": "livetv",
"link": "/livetv",
"taxonomy": "site"
},
"lowdown": {
"name": "The Lowdown",
"relatedContentQuery": "posts/lowdown?",
"parent": "news",
"type": "terms",
"id": "lowdown",
"slug": "lowdown",
"link": "/lowdown",
"taxonomy": "site"
},
"mindshift": {
"name": "Mindshift",
"parent": "news",
"description": "MindShift explores the future of education by highlighting the innovative – and sometimes counterintuitive – ways educators and parents are helping all children succeed.",
"type": "terms",
"id": "mindshift",
"slug": "mindshift",
"link": "/mindshift",
"taxonomy": "site"
},
"news": {
"name": "News",
"grouping": [
"news",
"forum"
],
"type": "terms",
"id": "news",
"slug": "news",
"link": "/news",
"taxonomy": "site"
},
"newsletters": {
"name": "newsletters",
"type": "terms",
"id": "newsletters",
"slug": "newsletters",
"link": "/newsletters",
"taxonomy": "site"
},
"perspectives": {
"name": "Perspectives",
"parent": "radio",
"type": "terms",
"id": "perspectives",
"slug": "perspectives",
"link": "/perspectives",
"taxonomy": "site"
},
"podcasts": {
"name": "Podcasts",
"type": "terms",
"id": "podcasts",
"slug": "podcasts",
"link": "/podcasts",
"taxonomy": "site"
},
"pop": {
"name": "Pop",
"parent": "arts",
"type": "terms",
"id": "pop",
"slug": "pop",
"link": "/pop",
"taxonomy": "site"
},
"pressroom": {
"name": "Pressroom",
"type": "terms",
"id": "pressroom",
"slug": "pressroom",
"link": "/pressroom",
"taxonomy": "site"
},
"quest": {
"name": "Quest",
"parent": "science",
"type": "terms",
"id": "quest",
"slug": "quest",
"link": "/quest",
"taxonomy": "site"
},
"radio": {
"name": "Radio",
"grouping": [
"forum",
"perspectives"
],
"description": "Listen to KQED Public Radio – home of Forum and The California Report – on 88.5 FM in San Francisco, 89.3 FM in Sacramento, 88.3 FM in Santa Rosa and 88.1 FM in Martinez.",
"type": "terms",
"id": "radio",
"slug": "radio",
"link": "/radio",
"taxonomy": "site"
},
"root": {
"name": "KQED",
"image": "https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/2020/02/KQED-OG-Image@1x.png",
"imageWidth": 1200,
"imageHeight": 630,
"headData": {
"title": "KQED | News, Radio, Podcasts, TV | Public Media for Northern California",
"description": "KQED provides public radio, television, and independent reporting on issues that matter to the Bay Area. We’re the NPR and PBS member station for Northern California."
},
"type": "terms",
"id": "root",
"slug": "root",
"link": "/root",
"taxonomy": "site"
},
"science": {
"name": "Science",
"grouping": [
"science",
"futureofyou"
],
"description": "KQED Science brings you award-winning science and environment coverage from the Bay Area and beyond.",
"type": "terms",
"id": "science",
"slug": "science",
"link": "/science",
"taxonomy": "site"
},
"stateofhealth": {
"name": "State of Health",
"parent": "science",
"type": "terms",
"id": "stateofhealth",
"slug": "stateofhealth",
"link": "/stateofhealth",
"taxonomy": "site"
},
"support": {
"name": "Support",
"type": "terms",
"id": "support",
"slug": "support",
"link": "/support",
"taxonomy": "site"
},
"thedolist": {
"name": "The Do List",
"parent": "arts",
"type": "terms",
"id": "thedolist",
"slug": "thedolist",
"link": "/thedolist",
"taxonomy": "site"
},
"trulyca": {
"name": "Truly CA",
"grouping": [
"arts",
"pop",
"trulyca"
],
"parent": "arts",
"type": "terms",
"id": "trulyca",
"slug": "trulyca",
"link": "/trulyca",
"taxonomy": "site"
},
"tv": {
"name": "TV",
"type": "terms",
"id": "tv",
"slug": "tv",
"link": "/tv",
"taxonomy": "site"
},
"voterguide": {
"name": "Voter Guide",
"parent": "elections",
"alias": "elections",
"type": "terms",
"id": "voterguide",
"slug": "voterguide",
"link": "/voterguide",
"taxonomy": "site"
},
"guiaelectoral": {
"name": "Guia Electoral",
"parent": "elections",
"alias": "elections",
"type": "terms",
"id": "guiaelectoral",
"slug": "guiaelectoral",
"link": "/guiaelectoral",
"taxonomy": "site"
},
"futureofyou_category_future-of-you": {
"isLoading": true
},
"futureofyou_1": {
"type": "terms",
"id": "futureofyou_1",
"meta": {
"index": "terms_1716263798",
"site": "futureofyou",
"id": "1",
"found": true
},
"relationships": {},
"featImg": null,
"name": "KQED Future Of You",
"description": null,
"taxonomy": "category",
"headData": {
"twImgId": null,
"twTitle": null,
"ogTitle": null,
"ogImgId": null,
"twDescription": null,
"description": null,
"title": "KQED Future Of You Archives | KQED Arts",
"ogDescription": null
},
"ttid": 1,
"slug": "future-of-you",
"isLoading": false,
"link": "/futureofyou/category/future-of-you"
},
"source_futureofyou_444810": {
"type": "terms",
"id": "source_futureofyou_444810",
"meta": {
"override": true
},
"name": "Health",
"isLoading": false
},
"source_futureofyou_444707": {
"type": "terms",
"id": "source_futureofyou_444707",
"meta": {
"override": true
},
"name": "Hope/Hype",
"isLoading": false
},
"source_futureofyou_444705": {
"type": "terms",
"id": "source_futureofyou_444705",
"meta": {
"override": true
},
"name": "Events",
"isLoading": false
},
"source_futureofyou_444641": {
"type": "terms",
"id": "source_futureofyou_444641",
"meta": {
"override": true
},
"name": "Health",
"isLoading": false
},
"source_futureofyou_444621": {
"type": "terms",
"id": "source_futureofyou_444621",
"meta": {
"override": true
},
"name": "Health",
"isLoading": false
},
"source_futureofyou_444598": {
"type": "terms",
"id": "source_futureofyou_444598",
"meta": {
"override": true
},
"name": "Health",
"isLoading": false
},
"source_futureofyou_444536": {
"type": "terms",
"id": "source_futureofyou_444536",
"meta": {
"override": true
},
"name": "DIY Health",
"isLoading": false
},
"source_futureofyou_444510": {
"type": "terms",
"id": "source_futureofyou_444510",
"meta": {
"override": true
},
"name": "DIY Health",
"isLoading": false
},
"source_futureofyou_444504": {
"type": "terms",
"id": "source_futureofyou_444504",
"meta": {
"override": true
},
"name": "Hope/Hype",
"isLoading": false
},
"source_futureofyou_444469": {
"type": "terms",
"id": "source_futureofyou_444469",
"meta": {
"override": true
},
"name": "DIY Health",
"isLoading": false
},
"futureofyou_452": {
"type": "terms",
"id": "futureofyou_452",
"meta": {
"index": "terms_1716263798",
"site": "futureofyou",
"id": "452",
"found": true
},
"relationships": {},
"featImg": null,
"name": "Health Policy",
"description": null,
"taxonomy": "category",
"headData": {
"twImgId": null,
"twTitle": null,
"ogTitle": null,
"ogImgId": null,
"twDescription": null,
"description": null,
"title": "Health Policy Archives | KQED Arts",
"ogDescription": null
},
"ttid": 452,
"slug": "health-policy",
"isLoading": false,
"link": "/futureofyou/category/health-policy"
},
"futureofyou_1176": {
"type": "terms",
"id": "futureofyou_1176",
"meta": {
"index": "terms_1716263798",
"site": "futureofyou",
"id": "1176",
"found": true
},
"relationships": {},
"featImg": null,
"name": "Donald Trump",
"description": null,
"taxonomy": "tag",
"headData": {
"twImgId": null,
"twTitle": null,
"ogTitle": null,
"ogImgId": null,
"twDescription": null,
"description": null,
"title": "Donald Trump Archives | KQED Arts",
"ogDescription": null
},
"ttid": 1176,
"slug": "donald-trump",
"isLoading": false,
"link": "/futureofyou/tag/donald-trump"
},
"futureofyou_38": {
"type": "terms",
"id": "futureofyou_38",
"meta": {
"index": "terms_1716263798",
"site": "futureofyou",
"id": "38",
"found": true
},
"relationships": {},
"featImg": null,
"name": "FDA",
"description": null,
"taxonomy": "tag",
"headData": {
"twImgId": null,
"twTitle": null,
"ogTitle": null,
"ogImgId": null,
"twDescription": null,
"description": null,
"title": "FDA Archives | KQED Arts",
"ogDescription": null
},
"ttid": 38,
"slug": "fda",
"isLoading": false,
"link": "/futureofyou/tag/fda"
},
"futureofyou_61": {
"type": "terms",
"id": "futureofyou_61",
"meta": {
"index": "terms_1716263798",
"site": "futureofyou",
"id": "61",
"found": true
},
"relationships": {},
"featImg": null,
"name": "Health",
"description": null,
"taxonomy": "tag",
"headData": {
"twImgId": null,
"twTitle": null,
"ogTitle": null,
"ogImgId": null,
"twDescription": null,
"description": null,
"title": "Health Archives | KQED Arts",
"ogDescription": null
},
"ttid": 61,
"slug": "health",
"isLoading": false,
"link": "/futureofyou/tag/health"
},
"futureofyou_1424": {
"type": "terms",
"id": "futureofyou_1424",
"meta": {
"index": "terms_1716263798",
"site": "futureofyou",
"id": "1424",
"found": true
},
"relationships": {},
"featImg": null,
"name": "radiation",
"description": null,
"taxonomy": "tag",
"headData": {
"twImgId": null,
"twTitle": null,
"ogTitle": null,
"ogImgId": null,
"twDescription": null,
"description": null,
"title": "radiation Archives | KQED Arts",
"ogDescription": null
},
"ttid": 1424,
"slug": "radiation",
"isLoading": false,
"link": "/futureofyou/tag/radiation"
},
"futureofyou_1062": {
"type": "terms",
"id": "futureofyou_1062",
"meta": {
"index": "terms_1716263798",
"site": "futureofyou",
"id": "1062",
"found": true
},
"relationships": {},
"featImg": null,
"name": "Hope/Hype",
"description": null,
"taxonomy": "category",
"headData": {
"twImgId": null,
"twTitle": null,
"ogTitle": null,
"ogImgId": null,
"twDescription": null,
"description": null,
"title": "Hope/Hype Archives | KQED Arts",
"ogDescription": null
},
"ttid": 1062,
"slug": "hopehype",
"isLoading": false,
"link": "/futureofyou/category/hopehype"
},
"futureofyou_73": {
"type": "terms",
"id": "futureofyou_73",
"meta": {
"index": "terms_1716263798",
"site": "futureofyou",
"id": "73",
"found": true
},
"relationships": {},
"featImg": null,
"name": "KQED News",
"description": null,
"taxonomy": "category",
"headData": {
"twImgId": null,
"twTitle": null,
"ogTitle": null,
"ogImgId": null,
"twDescription": null,
"description": null,
"title": "KQED News Archives | KQED Arts",
"ogDescription": null
},
"ttid": 73,
"slug": "kqed-news",
"isLoading": false,
"link": "/futureofyou/category/kqed-news"
},
"futureofyou_80": {
"type": "terms",
"id": "futureofyou_80",
"meta": {
"index": "terms_1716263798",
"site": "futureofyou",
"id": "80",
"found": true
},
"relationships": {},
"featImg": null,
"name": "kqedscience",
"description": null,
"taxonomy": "tag",
"headData": {
"twImgId": null,
"twTitle": null,
"ogTitle": null,
"ogImgId": null,
"twDescription": null,
"description": null,
"title": "kqedscience Archives | KQED Arts",
"ogDescription": null
},
"ttid": 80,
"slug": "kqedscience",
"isLoading": false,
"link": "/futureofyou/tag/kqedscience"
},
"futureofyou_1010": {
"type": "terms",
"id": "futureofyou_1010",
"meta": {
"index": "terms_1716263798",
"site": "futureofyou",
"id": "1010",
"found": true
},
"relationships": {},
"featImg": null,
"name": "spinal injuries",
"description": null,
"taxonomy": "tag",
"headData": {
"twImgId": null,
"twTitle": null,
"ogTitle": null,
"ogImgId": null,
"twDescription": null,
"description": null,
"title": "spinal injuries Archives | KQED Arts",
"ogDescription": null
},
"ttid": 1010,
"slug": "spinal-injuries",
"isLoading": false,
"link": "/futureofyou/tag/spinal-injuries"
},
"futureofyou_1097": {
"type": "terms",
"id": "futureofyou_1097",
"meta": {
"index": "terms_1716263798",
"site": "futureofyou",
"id": "1097",
"found": true
},
"relationships": {},
"featImg": null,
"name": "Hope/Hype",
"description": null,
"taxonomy": "collection",
"headData": {
"twImgId": null,
"twTitle": null,
"ogTitle": null,
"ogImgId": null,
"twDescription": null,
"description": null,
"title": "Hope/Hype Archives | KQED Arts",
"ogDescription": null
},
"ttid": 1097,
"slug": "hopehype",
"isLoading": false,
"link": "/futureofyou/collection/hopehype"
},
"futureofyou_791": {
"type": "terms",
"id": "futureofyou_791",
"meta": {
"index": "terms_1716263798",
"site": "futureofyou",
"id": "791",
"found": true
},
"relationships": {},
"featImg": null,
"name": "gender discrimination",
"description": null,
"taxonomy": "tag",
"headData": {
"twImgId": null,
"twTitle": null,
"ogTitle": null,
"ogImgId": null,
"twDescription": null,
"description": null,
"title": "gender discrimination Archives | KQED Arts",
"ogDescription": null
},
"ttid": 791,
"slug": "gender-discrimination",
"isLoading": false,
"link": "/futureofyou/tag/gender-discrimination"
},
"futureofyou_1616": {
"type": "terms",
"id": "futureofyou_1616",
"meta": {
"index": "terms_1716263798",
"site": "futureofyou",
"id": "1616",
"found": true
},
"relationships": {},
"featImg": null,
"name": "physics",
"description": null,
"taxonomy": "tag",
"headData": {
"twImgId": null,
"twTitle": null,
"ogTitle": null,
"ogImgId": null,
"twDescription": null,
"description": null,
"title": "physics Archives | KQED Arts",
"ogDescription": null
},
"ttid": 1616,
"slug": "physics",
"isLoading": false,
"link": "/futureofyou/tag/physics"
},
"futureofyou_271": {
"type": "terms",
"id": "futureofyou_271",
"meta": {
"index": "terms_1716263798",
"site": "futureofyou",
"id": "271",
"found": true
},
"relationships": {},
"featImg": null,
"name": "science",
"description": null,
"taxonomy": "tag",
"headData": {
"twImgId": null,
"twTitle": null,
"ogTitle": null,
"ogImgId": null,
"twDescription": null,
"description": null,
"title": "science Archives | KQED Arts",
"ogDescription": null
},
"ttid": 271,
"slug": "science",
"isLoading": false,
"link": "/futureofyou/tag/science"
},
"futureofyou_103": {
"type": "terms",
"id": "futureofyou_103",
"meta": {
"index": "terms_1716263798",
"site": "futureofyou",
"id": "103",
"found": true
},
"relationships": {},
"featImg": null,
"name": "cancer",
"description": null,
"taxonomy": "tag",
"headData": {
"twImgId": null,
"twTitle": null,
"ogTitle": null,
"ogImgId": null,
"twDescription": null,
"description": null,
"title": "cancer Archives | KQED Arts",
"ogDescription": null
},
"ttid": 103,
"slug": "cancer",
"isLoading": false,
"link": "/futureofyou/tag/cancer"
},
"futureofyou_686": {
"type": "terms",
"id": "futureofyou_686",
"meta": {
"index": "terms_1716263798",
"site": "futureofyou",
"id": "686",
"found": true
},
"relationships": {},
"featImg": null,
"name": "immunotherapy",
"description": null,
"taxonomy": "tag",
"headData": {
"twImgId": null,
"twTitle": null,
"ogTitle": null,
"ogImgId": null,
"twDescription": null,
"description": null,
"title": "immunotherapy Archives | KQED Arts",
"ogDescription": null
},
"ttid": 686,
"slug": "immunotherapy",
"isLoading": false,
"link": "/futureofyou/tag/immunotherapy"
},
"futureofyou_607": {
"type": "terms",
"id": "futureofyou_607",
"meta": {
"index": "terms_1716263798",
"site": "futureofyou",
"id": "607",
"found": true
},
"relationships": {},
"featImg": null,
"name": "Nobel Prize",
"description": null,
"taxonomy": "tag",
"headData": {
"twImgId": null,
"twTitle": null,
"ogTitle": null,
"ogImgId": null,
"twDescription": null,
"description": null,
"title": "Nobel Prize Archives | KQED Arts",
"ogDescription": null
},
"ttid": 607,
"slug": "nobel-prize",
"isLoading": false,
"link": "/futureofyou/tag/nobel-prize"
},
"futureofyou_1047": {
"type": "terms",
"id": "futureofyou_1047",
"meta": {
"index": "terms_1716263798",
"site": "futureofyou",
"id": "1047",
"found": true
},
"relationships": {},
"featImg": null,
"name": "memory",
"description": null,
"taxonomy": "tag",
"headData": {
"twImgId": null,
"twTitle": null,
"ogTitle": null,
"ogImgId": null,
"twDescription": null,
"description": null,
"title": "memory Archives | KQED Arts",
"ogDescription": null
},
"ttid": 1047,
"slug": "memory",
"isLoading": false,
"link": "/futureofyou/tag/memory"
},
"futureofyou_204": {
"type": "terms",
"id": "futureofyou_204",
"meta": {
"index": "terms_1716263798",
"site": "futureofyou",
"id": "204",
"found": true
},
"relationships": {},
"featImg": null,
"name": "mental health",
"description": null,
"taxonomy": "tag",
"headData": {
"twImgId": null,
"twTitle": null,
"ogTitle": null,
"ogImgId": null,
"twDescription": null,
"description": null,
"title": "mental health Archives | KQED Arts",
"ogDescription": null
},
"ttid": 204,
"slug": "mental-health",
"isLoading": false,
"link": "/futureofyou/tag/mental-health"
},
"futureofyou_1555": {
"type": "terms",
"id": "futureofyou_1555",
"meta": {
"index": "terms_1716263798",
"site": "futureofyou",
"id": "1555",
"found": true
},
"relationships": {},
"featImg": null,
"name": "trauma",
"description": null,
"taxonomy": "tag",
"headData": {
"twImgId": null,
"twTitle": null,
"ogTitle": null,
"ogImgId": null,
"twDescription": null,
"description": null,
"title": "trauma Archives | KQED Arts",
"ogDescription": null
},
"ttid": 1555,
"slug": "trauma",
"isLoading": false,
"link": "/futureofyou/tag/trauma"
},
"futureofyou_1064": {
"type": "terms",
"id": "futureofyou_1064",
"meta": {
"index": "terms_1716263798",
"site": "futureofyou",
"id": "1064",
"found": true
},
"relationships": {},
"featImg": null,
"name": "Your Genes",
"description": null,
"taxonomy": "category",
"headData": {
"twImgId": null,
"twTitle": null,
"ogTitle": null,
"ogImgId": null,
"twDescription": null,
"description": null,
"title": "Your Genes Archives | KQED Arts",
"ogDescription": null
},
"ttid": 1064,
"slug": "your-genes",
"isLoading": false,
"link": "/futureofyou/category/your-genes"
},
"futureofyou_342": {
"type": "terms",
"id": "futureofyou_342",
"meta": {
"index": "terms_1716263798",
"site": "futureofyou",
"id": "342",
"found": true
},
"relationships": {},
"featImg": null,
"name": "abortion",
"description": null,
"taxonomy": "tag",
"headData": {
"twImgId": null,
"twTitle": null,
"ogTitle": null,
"ogImgId": null,
"twDescription": null,
"description": null,
"title": "abortion Archives | KQED Arts",
"ogDescription": null
},
"ttid": 342,
"slug": "abortion",
"isLoading": false,
"link": "/futureofyou/tag/abortion"
},
"futureofyou_1615": {
"type": "terms",
"id": "futureofyou_1615",
"meta": {
"index": "terms_1716263798",
"site": "futureofyou",
"id": "1615",
"found": true
},
"relationships": {},
"featImg": null,
"name": "fetus",
"description": null,
"taxonomy": "tag",
"headData": {
"twImgId": null,
"twTitle": null,
"ogTitle": null,
"ogImgId": null,
"twDescription": null,
"description": null,
"title": "fetus Archives | KQED Arts",
"ogDescription": null
},
"ttid": 1615,
"slug": "fetus",
"isLoading": false,
"link": "/futureofyou/tag/fetus"
},
"futureofyou_294": {
"type": "terms",
"id": "futureofyou_294",
"meta": {
"index": "terms_1716263798",
"site": "futureofyou",
"id": "294",
"found": true
},
"relationships": {},
"featImg": null,
"name": "research",
"description": null,
"taxonomy": "tag",
"headData": {
"twImgId": null,
"twTitle": null,
"ogTitle": null,
"ogImgId": null,
"twDescription": null,
"description": null,
"title": "research Archives | KQED Arts",
"ogDescription": null
},
"ttid": 294,
"slug": "research",
"isLoading": false,
"link": "/futureofyou/tag/research"
},
"futureofyou_1094": {
"type": "terms",
"id": "futureofyou_1094",
"meta": {
"index": "terms_1716263798",
"site": "futureofyou",
"id": "1094",
"found": true
},
"relationships": {},
"featImg": null,
"name": "Your Genes",
"description": null,
"taxonomy": "collection",
"headData": {
"twImgId": null,
"twTitle": null,
"ogTitle": null,
"ogImgId": null,
"twDescription": null,
"description": null,
"title": "Your Genes Archives | KQED Arts",
"ogDescription": null
},
"ttid": 1094,
"slug": "your-genes",
"isLoading": false,
"link": "/futureofyou/collection/your-genes"
},
"futureofyou_141": {
"type": "terms",
"id": "futureofyou_141",
"meta": {
"index": "terms_1716263798",
"site": "futureofyou",
"id": "141",
"found": true
},
"relationships": {},
"featImg": null,
"name": "disease",
"description": null,
"taxonomy": "tag",
"headData": {
"twImgId": null,
"twTitle": null,
"ogTitle": null,
"ogImgId": null,
"twDescription": null,
"description": null,
"title": "disease Archives | KQED Arts",
"ogDescription": null
},
"ttid": 141,
"slug": "disease",
"isLoading": false,
"link": "/futureofyou/tag/disease"
},
"futureofyou_1275": {
"type": "terms",
"id": "futureofyou_1275",
"meta": {
"index": "terms_1716263798",
"site": "futureofyou",
"id": "1275",
"found": true
},
"relationships": {},
"featImg": null,
"name": "featured",
"description": null,
"taxonomy": "tag",
"headData": {
"twImgId": null,
"twTitle": null,
"ogTitle": null,
"ogImgId": null,
"twDescription": null,
"description": null,
"title": "featured Archives | KQED Arts",
"ogDescription": null
},
"ttid": 1275,
"slug": "featured",
"isLoading": false,
"link": "/futureofyou/tag/featured"
},
"futureofyou_651": {
"type": "terms",
"id": "futureofyou_651",
"meta": {
"index": "terms_1716263798",
"site": "futureofyou",
"id": "651",
"found": true
},
"relationships": {},
"featImg": null,
"name": "HIV",
"description": null,
"taxonomy": "tag",
"headData": {
"twImgId": null,
"twTitle": null,
"ogTitle": null,
"ogImgId": null,
"twDescription": null,
"description": null,
"title": "HIV Archives | KQED Arts",
"ogDescription": null
},
"ttid": 651,
"slug": "hiv",
"isLoading": false,
"link": "/futureofyou/tag/hiv"
},
"futureofyou_835": {
"type": "terms",
"id": "futureofyou_835",
"meta": {
"index": "terms_1716263798",
"site": "futureofyou",
"id": "835",
"found": true
},
"relationships": {},
"featImg": null,
"name": "PrEP",
"description": null,
"taxonomy": "tag",
"headData": {
"twImgId": null,
"twTitle": null,
"ogTitle": null,
"ogImgId": null,
"twDescription": null,
"description": null,
"title": "PrEP Archives | KQED Arts",
"ogDescription": null
},
"ttid": 835,
"slug": "prep",
"isLoading": false,
"link": "/futureofyou/tag/prep"
},
"futureofyou_180": {
"type": "terms",
"id": "futureofyou_180",
"meta": {
"index": "terms_1716263798",
"site": "futureofyou",
"id": "180",
"found": true
},
"relationships": {},
"featImg": null,
"name": "sleep",
"description": null,
"taxonomy": "tag",
"headData": {
"twImgId": null,
"twTitle": null,
"ogTitle": null,
"ogImgId": null,
"twDescription": null,
"description": null,
"title": "sleep Archives | KQED Arts",
"ogDescription": null
},
"ttid": 180,
"slug": "sleep",
"isLoading": false,
"link": "/futureofyou/tag/sleep"
},
"futureofyou_872": {
"type": "terms",
"id": "futureofyou_872",
"meta": {
"index": "terms_1716263798",
"site": "futureofyou",
"id": "872",
"found": true
},
"relationships": {},
"featImg": null,
"name": "teens",
"description": null,
"taxonomy": "tag",
"headData": {
"twImgId": null,
"twTitle": null,
"ogTitle": null,
"ogImgId": null,
"twDescription": null,
"description": null,
"title": "teens Archives | KQED Arts",
"ogDescription": null
},
"ttid": 872,
"slug": "teens",
"isLoading": false,
"link": "/futureofyou/tag/teens"
},
"futureofyou_1093": {
"type": "terms",
"id": "futureofyou_1093",
"meta": {
"index": "terms_1716263798",
"site": "futureofyou",
"id": "1093",
"found": true
},
"relationships": {},
"featImg": null,
"name": "DIY Health",
"description": null,
"taxonomy": "collection",
"headData": {
"twImgId": null,
"twTitle": null,
"ogTitle": null,
"ogImgId": null,
"twDescription": null,
"description": null,
"title": "DIY Health Archives | KQED Arts",
"ogDescription": null
},
"ttid": 1093,
"slug": "diy-health",
"isLoading": false,
"link": "/futureofyou/collection/diy-health"
},
"futureofyou_1060": {
"type": "terms",
"id": "futureofyou_1060",
"meta": {
"index": "terms_1716263798",
"site": "futureofyou",
"id": "1060",
"found": true
},
"relationships": {},
"featImg": null,
"name": "DIY Health",
"description": null,
"taxonomy": "category",
"headData": {
"twImgId": null,
"twTitle": null,
"ogTitle": null,
"ogImgId": null,
"twDescription": null,
"description": null,
"title": "DIY Health Archives | KQED Arts",
"ogDescription": null
},
"ttid": 1060,
"slug": "diy-health",
"isLoading": false,
"link": "/futureofyou/category/diy-health"
},
"futureofyou_221": {
"type": "terms",
"id": "futureofyou_221",
"meta": {
"index": "terms_1716263798",
"site": "futureofyou",
"id": "221",
"found": true
},
"relationships": {},
"featImg": null,
"name": "baby",
"description": null,
"taxonomy": "tag",
"headData": {
"twImgId": null,
"twTitle": null,
"ogTitle": null,
"ogImgId": null,
"twDescription": null,
"description": null,
"title": "baby Archives | KQED Arts",
"ogDescription": null
},
"ttid": 221,
"slug": "baby",
"isLoading": false,
"link": "/futureofyou/tag/baby"
},
"futureofyou_1021": {
"type": "terms",
"id": "futureofyou_1021",
"meta": {
"index": "terms_1716263798",
"site": "futureofyou",
"id": "1021",
"found": true
},
"relationships": {},
"featImg": null,
"name": "infertility",
"description": null,
"taxonomy": "tag",
"headData": {
"twImgId": null,
"twTitle": null,
"ogTitle": null,
"ogImgId": null,
"twDescription": null,
"description": null,
"title": "infertility Archives | KQED Arts",
"ogDescription": null
},
"ttid": 1021,
"slug": "infertility",
"isLoading": false,
"link": "/futureofyou/tag/infertility"
},
"futureofyou_287": {
"type": "terms",
"id": "futureofyou_287",
"meta": {
"index": "terms_1716263798",
"site": "futureofyou",
"id": "287",
"found": true
},
"relationships": {},
"featImg": null,
"name": "IVF",
"description": null,
"taxonomy": "tag",
"headData": {
"twImgId": null,
"twTitle": null,
"ogTitle": null,
"ogImgId": null,
"twDescription": null,
"description": null,
"title": "IVF Archives | KQED Arts",
"ogDescription": null
},
"ttid": 287,
"slug": "ivf",
"isLoading": false,
"link": "/futureofyou/tag/ivf"
},
"futureofyou_215": {
"type": "terms",
"id": "futureofyou_215",
"meta": {
"index": "terms_1716263798",
"site": "futureofyou",
"id": "215",
"found": true
},
"relationships": {},
"featImg": null,
"name": "women",
"description": null,
"taxonomy": "tag",
"headData": {
"twImgId": null,
"twTitle": null,
"ogTitle": null,
"ogImgId": null,
"twDescription": null,
"description": null,
"title": "women Archives | KQED Arts",
"ogDescription": null
},
"ttid": 215,
"slug": "women",
"isLoading": false,
"link": "/futureofyou/tag/women"
},
"futureofyou_1562": {
"type": "terms",
"id": "futureofyou_1562",
"meta": {
"index": "terms_1716263798",
"site": "futureofyou",
"id": "1562",
"found": true
},
"relationships": {},
"featImg": null,
"name": "cannabis",
"description": null,
"taxonomy": "tag",
"headData": {
"twImgId": null,
"twTitle": null,
"ogTitle": null,
"ogImgId": null,
"twDescription": null,
"description": null,
"title": "cannabis Archives | KQED Arts",
"ogDescription": null
},
"ttid": 1562,
"slug": "cannabis",
"isLoading": false,
"link": "/futureofyou/tag/cannabis"
},
"futureofyou_1008": {
"type": "terms",
"id": "futureofyou_1008",
"meta": {
"index": "terms_1716263798",
"site": "futureofyou",
"id": "1008",
"found": true
},
"relationships": {},
"featImg": null,
"name": "elderly",
"description": null,
"taxonomy": "tag",
"headData": {
"twImgId": null,
"twTitle": null,
"ogTitle": null,
"ogImgId": null,
"twDescription": null,
"description": null,
"title": "elderly Archives | KQED Arts",
"ogDescription": null
},
"ttid": 1008,
"slug": "elderly",
"isLoading": false,
"link": "/futureofyou/tag/elderly"
},
"futureofyou_1041": {
"type": "terms",
"id": "futureofyou_1041",
"meta": {
"index": "terms_1716263798",
"site": "futureofyou",
"id": "1041",
"found": true
},
"relationships": {},
"featImg": null,
"name": "Marijuana",
"description": null,
"taxonomy": "tag",
"headData": {
"twImgId": null,
"twTitle": null,
"ogTitle": null,
"ogImgId": null,
"twDescription": null,
"description": null,
"title": "Marijuana Archives | KQED Arts",
"ogDescription": null
},
"ttid": 1041,
"slug": "marijuana",
"isLoading": false,
"link": "/futureofyou/tag/marijuana"
},
"futureofyou_198": {
"type": "terms",
"id": "futureofyou_198",
"meta": {
"index": "terms_1716263798",
"site": "futureofyou",
"id": "198",
"found": true
},
"relationships": {},
"featImg": null,
"name": "treatment",
"description": null,
"taxonomy": "tag",
"headData": {
"twImgId": null,
"twTitle": null,
"ogTitle": null,
"ogImgId": null,
"twDescription": null,
"description": null,
"title": "treatment Archives | KQED Arts",
"ogDescription": null
},
"ttid": 198,
"slug": "treatment",
"isLoading": false,
"link": "/futureofyou/tag/treatment"
},
"futureofyou_1061": {
"type": "terms",
"id": "futureofyou_1061",
"meta": {
"index": "terms_1716263798",
"site": "futureofyou",
"id": "1061",
"found": true
},
"relationships": {},
"featImg": null,
"name": "Your Brain on Tech",
"description": null,
"taxonomy": "category",
"headData": {
"twImgId": null,
"twTitle": null,
"ogTitle": null,
"ogImgId": null,
"twDescription": null,
"description": null,
"title": "Your Brain on Tech Archives | KQED Arts",
"ogDescription": null
},
"ttid": 1061,
"slug": "your-brain-on-tech",
"isLoading": false,
"link": "/futureofyou/category/your-brain-on-tech"
},
"futureofyou_56": {
"type": "terms",
"id": "futureofyou_56",
"meta": {
"index": "terms_1716263798",
"site": "futureofyou",
"id": "56",
"found": true
},
"relationships": {},
"featImg": null,
"name": "brain",
"description": null,
"taxonomy": "tag",
"headData": {
"twImgId": null,
"twTitle": null,
"ogTitle": null,
"ogImgId": null,
"twDescription": null,
"description": null,
"title": "brain Archives | KQED Arts",
"ogDescription": null
},
"ttid": 56,
"slug": "brain",
"isLoading": false,
"link": "/futureofyou/tag/brain"
},
"futureofyou_205": {
"type": "terms",
"id": "futureofyou_205",
"meta": {
"index": "terms_1716263798",
"site": "futureofyou",
"id": "205",
"found": true
},
"relationships": {},
"featImg": null,
"name": "emotional health",
"description": null,
"taxonomy": "tag",
"headData": {
"twImgId": null,
"twTitle": null,
"ogTitle": null,
"ogImgId": null,
"twDescription": null,
"description": null,
"title": "emotional health Archives | KQED Arts",
"ogDescription": null
},
"ttid": 205,
"slug": "emotional-health",
"isLoading": false,
"link": "/futureofyou/tag/emotional-health"
},
"futureofyou_59": {
"type": "terms",
"id": "futureofyou_59",
"meta": {
"index": "terms_1716263798",
"site": "futureofyou",
"id": "59",
"found": true
},
"relationships": {},
"featImg": null,
"name": "neuroscience",
"description": null,
"taxonomy": "tag",
"headData": {
"twImgId": null,
"twTitle": null,
"ogTitle": null,
"ogImgId": null,
"twDescription": null,
"description": null,
"title": "neuroscience Archives | KQED Arts",
"ogDescription": null
},
"ttid": 59,
"slug": "neuroscience",
"isLoading": false,
"link": "/futureofyou/tag/neuroscience"
},
"futureofyou_1096": {
"type": "terms",
"id": "futureofyou_1096",
"meta": {
"index": "terms_1716263798",
"site": "futureofyou",
"id": "1096",
"found": true
},
"relationships": {},
"featImg": null,
"name": "Your Brain on Tech",
"description": null,
"taxonomy": "collection",
"headData": {
"twImgId": null,
"twTitle": null,
"ogTitle": null,
"ogImgId": null,
"twDescription": null,
"description": null,
"title": "Your Brain on Tech Archives | KQED Arts",
"ogDescription": null
},
"ttid": 1096,
"slug": "your-brain-on-tech",
"isLoading": false,
"link": "/futureofyou/collection/your-brain-on-tech"
},
"futureofyou_823": {
"type": "terms",
"id": "futureofyou_823",
"meta": {
"index": "terms_1716263798",
"site": "futureofyou",
"id": "823",
"found": true
},
"relationships": {},
"featImg": null,
"name": "aspirin",
"description": null,
"taxonomy": "tag",
"headData": {
"twImgId": null,
"twTitle": null,
"ogTitle": null,
"ogImgId": null,
"twDescription": null,
"description": null,
"title": "aspirin Archives | KQED Arts",
"ogDescription": null
},
"ttid": 823,
"slug": "aspirin",
"isLoading": false,
"link": "/futureofyou/tag/aspirin"
},
"futureofyou_190": {
"type": "terms",
"id": "futureofyou_190",
"meta": {
"index": "terms_1716263798",
"site": "futureofyou",
"id": "190",
"found": true
},
"relationships": {},
"featImg": null,
"name": "doctors",
"description": null,
"taxonomy": "tag",
"headData": {
"twImgId": null,
"twTitle": null,
"ogTitle": null,
"ogImgId": null,
"twDescription": null,
"description": null,
"title": "doctors Archives | KQED Arts",
"ogDescription": null
},
"ttid": 190,
"slug": "doctors",
"isLoading": false,
"link": "/futureofyou/tag/doctors"
},
"futureofyou_1056": {
"type": "terms",
"id": "futureofyou_1056",
"meta": {
"index": "terms_1716263798",
"site": "futureofyou",
"id": "1056",
"found": true
},
"relationships": {},
"featImg": null,
"name": "medical treatment",
"description": null,
"taxonomy": "tag",
"headData": {
"twImgId": null,
"twTitle": null,
"ogTitle": null,
"ogImgId": null,
"twDescription": null,
"description": null,
"title": "medical treatment Archives | KQED Arts",
"ogDescription": null
},
"ttid": 1056,
"slug": "medical-treatment",
"isLoading": false,
"link": "/futureofyou/tag/medical-treatment"
}
},
"userPermissionsReducer": {
"wpLoggedIn": false
},
"eventsReducer": {},
"fssReducer": {},
"tvDailyScheduleReducer": {},
"tvWeeklyScheduleReducer": {},
"tvPrimetimeScheduleReducer": {},
"tvMonthlyScheduleReducer": {},
"userAccountReducer": {
"user": {
"email": null,
"emailStatus": "EMAIL_UNVALIDATED",
"loggedStatus": "LOGGED_OUT",
"loggingChecked": false,
"articles": [],
"firstName": null,
"lastName": null,
"phoneNumber": null,
"fetchingMembership": false,
"membershipError": false,
"memberships": [
{
"id": null,
"startDate": null,
"firstName": null,
"lastName": null,
"familyNumber": null,
"memberNumber": null,
"memberSince": null,
"expirationDate": null,
"pfsEligible": false,
"isSustaining": false,
"membershipLevel": "Prospect",
"membershipStatus": "Non Member",
"lastGiftDate": null,
"renewalDate": null,
"lastDonationAmount": null
}
]
},
"authModal": {
"isOpen": false,
"view": "LANDING_VIEW"
},
"error": null
},
"youthMediaReducer": {},
"checkPleaseReducer": {
"filterData": {
"region": {
"key": "Restaurant Region",
"filters": [
"Any Region"
]
},
"cuisine": {
"key": "Restaurant Cuisine",
"filters": [
"Any Cuisine"
]
}
},
"restaurantDataById": {},
"restaurantIdsSorted": [],
"error": null
},
"userAgentReducer": {
"userAgent": "Mozilla/5.0 AppleWebKit/537.36 (KHTML, like Gecko; compatible; ClaudeBot/1.0; +claudebot@anthropic.com)",
"isBot": true
},
"requestOutcomesReducer": {
"notFound": []
},
"navPromosReducer": {
"isFetching": false,
"fetchFailed": false,
"hasFetched": true,
"promos": {
"news": {
"name": "2026 Voter Guide",
"link": "/voterguide",
"imageURL": "https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2026/10/Nav-News-Nov2026ElectionCoverage@2x-7bd4aad4.png",
"description": "Get informed in minutes with our Voter Guide for California’s November 3 election."
},
"podcasts-radio": {},
"video-tv": {},
"events": {},
"support": {}
}
}
}