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"content": "\u003cp>In a \u003ca href=\"https://news.theranos.com/2017/01/06/company-re-engineers-operations/\" target=\"_blank\">press release\u003c/a> titled \"Company Re-engineers Operations,\" Theranos announced it has re-engineered 155 workers right out the door.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The layoff leaves the reeling blood-testing company, once heralded as a major innovator on the basis of its claimed ability to conduct dozens of tests from just a few drops of blood, with just 220 employees. That's down from about 850 last October, when Theranos let go of about 340 people in conjunction with shuttering its disastrous consumer blood-testing business.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>That business, which once included dozens of blood-draw locations in Walgreen's stores, collapsed in the wake of a series of events not exactly conducive to business. Among the company's misfortunes were a Wall Street Journal investigation alleging a bevy of improprieties and inaccuracies related to the company’s secret technology; unprecedented government sanctions due to uncovered deficiencies at its main lab; and a multiplicity of lawsuits.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Theranos has said for months now that its main focus is on its miniLab, a printer-sized device that integrates already available technologies into one machine.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But some scientists who attended the unveiling of the device at a scientific conference last August were \u003ca href=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/futureofyou/2016/07/29/theranos-elizabeth-holmes-will-face-1000-scientists-monday-can-she-say-anything-to-gain-their-trust/\" target=\"_blank\">less than impressed\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>'“It’s not as if there’s something here we haven’t fundamentally seen before,\" said Dr. Stephen R. Master, one of the event’s moderators,\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Getting FDA approval for the miniLab could also take years. How much of the $900 million that Theranos once raised from investors might be left at that point ... well, the math doesn't look good.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>More Bad Test Results\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Also today, The Wall Street Journal reported Theranos sent out more notices of bad test results. Last April, the company said it had voided tens of thousands of tests that may have been inaccurate.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>From the \u003ca href=\"http://www.wsj.com/articles/theranos-cuts-40-of-remaining-workforce-1483731874\" target=\"_blank\">Journal\u003c/a>:\u003c/p>\n\u003cblockquote>\u003cp>As recently as last week the company sent out newly corrected results saying some tests done in 2015 and 2016 for hemoglobin A1c, a protein doctors measure to help diagnose diabetes, shouldn’t be relied upon, according to copies of the corrected reports.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In a letter sent last week, Theranos said a patient who previously had gotten a “normal to prediabetic” result should have received a result in the “prediabetic to diabetic” range.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Kim Toy, a house cleaner in Phoenix, also learned last week that a past Theranos lab-test result had been voided, according to her lawyer.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Ms. Toy had the diabetes test at a Theranos location at a Walgreens in February 2016, indicating she may be on the brink of becoming diabetic. She doubted the result then, but hadn’t received any corrected information until now.\u003c/p>\u003c/blockquote>\n\u003cp>Then, to top it all off, there's this:\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>https://twitter.com/JohnCarreyrou/status/817516317754408960\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>John Carreyrou, of course, is The Wall Street Journal reporter who started the company on its long road to ruin with his investigative reports.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"http://www.vanityfair.com/news/2016/09/elizabeth-holmes-theranos-exclusive\" target=\"_blank\">Vanity Fair\u003c/a> reported last October that Theranos employees had chanted \"Fuck you, Carreyrou!\" during a company meeting at which founder and CEO Elizabeth Holmes had claimed the Journal's investigation was inaccurate.\u003c/p>\n\n",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>In a \u003ca href=\"https://news.theranos.com/2017/01/06/company-re-engineers-operations/\" target=\"_blank\">press release\u003c/a> titled \"Company Re-engineers Operations,\" Theranos announced it has re-engineered 155 workers right out the door.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The layoff leaves the reeling blood-testing company, once heralded as a major innovator on the basis of its claimed ability to conduct dozens of tests from just a few drops of blood, with just 220 employees. That's down from about 850 last October, when Theranos let go of about 340 people in conjunction with shuttering its disastrous consumer blood-testing business.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>That business, which once included dozens of blood-draw locations in Walgreen's stores, collapsed in the wake of a series of events not exactly conducive to business. Among the company's misfortunes were a Wall Street Journal investigation alleging a bevy of improprieties and inaccuracies related to the company’s secret technology; unprecedented government sanctions due to uncovered deficiencies at its main lab; and a multiplicity of lawsuits.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Theranos has said for months now that its main focus is on its miniLab, a printer-sized device that integrates already available technologies into one machine.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But some scientists who attended the unveiling of the device at a scientific conference last August were \u003ca href=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/futureofyou/2016/07/29/theranos-elizabeth-holmes-will-face-1000-scientists-monday-can-she-say-anything-to-gain-their-trust/\" target=\"_blank\">less than impressed\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>'“It’s not as if there’s something here we haven’t fundamentally seen before,\" said Dr. Stephen R. Master, one of the event’s moderators,\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Getting FDA approval for the miniLab could also take years. How much of the $900 million that Theranos once raised from investors might be left at that point ... well, the math doesn't look good.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>More Bad Test Results\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Also today, The Wall Street Journal reported Theranos sent out more notices of bad test results. Last April, the company said it had voided tens of thousands of tests that may have been inaccurate.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>From the \u003ca href=\"http://www.wsj.com/articles/theranos-cuts-40-of-remaining-workforce-1483731874\" target=\"_blank\">Journal\u003c/a>:\u003c/p>\n\u003cblockquote>\u003cp>As recently as last week the company sent out newly corrected results saying some tests done in 2015 and 2016 for hemoglobin A1c, a protein doctors measure to help diagnose diabetes, shouldn’t be relied upon, according to copies of the corrected reports.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In a letter sent last week, Theranos said a patient who previously had gotten a “normal to prediabetic” result should have received a result in the “prediabetic to diabetic” range.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Kim Toy, a house cleaner in Phoenix, also learned last week that a past Theranos lab-test result had been voided, according to her lawyer.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Ms. Toy had the diabetes test at a Theranos location at a Walgreens in February 2016, indicating she may be on the brink of becoming diabetic. She doubted the result then, but hadn’t received any corrected information until now.\u003c/p>\u003c/blockquote>\n\u003cp>Then, to top it all off, there's this:\u003c/p>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cp>Crowdfunding is a now a popular way to raise money for everything from birthday bashes to political protests. But on some of the big online fund raising sites, you'll find public pleas for something far more personal — infertility treatments.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Greg and Julia Fry of Ithaca, N.Y., were in their early 30s when they got married three years ago and set out to start a family. But a year passed and they didn't get pregnant. Six more months went by and, still, no baby.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>So they consulted a medical specialist, Greg says. \"And we wound up realizing that fertility treatments were what we would need.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>They began with a less costly and less invasive option: \u003ca href=\"http://www.cdc.gov/reproductivehealth/Infertility/index.htm\">IUI\u003c/a> or intrauterine insemination. That's where sperm is inserted with a catheter directly into the woman's uterus at the time of ovulation. The procedure costs, on average, just under $1,000 a try. The Frys have tried four times in the past year — with no luck.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"This, by far, is the hardest thing that we've ever been through together,\" says Greg. \"There is always hope going into every cycle. And that hope, sort of, gets dashed at the end of the cycle, and then we start again.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The next step they took was to try \u003ca href=\"http://www.npr.org/sections/health-shots/2014/02/18/279035110/ivf-baby-boom-births-from-fertility-procedure-hit-new-high\">in vitro fertilization\u003c/a>, or IVF. This involves fertilizing eggs with sperm in a laboratory dish, then transferring the embryo into the woman's uterus. It can cost $15,000 to $20,000 each try.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>At first, Greg says, they thought about traveling overseas for more affordable treatments, but travel costs would have gobbled up any savings. So, they went online instead, to the crowdfunding site GiveForward. They \u003ca href=\"https://pages.giveforward.com/medical/page-bwg4ty5/activity/595921\">posted\u003c/a> a video in which they talk about their decision to ask for financial help.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"You know us as Julia and Greg,\" Greg begins. \"The couple with so much love to give,\" Julia continues, and they alternate telling their story.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Asking for IVF assistance like this is one of the fastest growing crowdfunding categories, according to \u003ca href=\"https://www.linkedin.com/in/joshuacchapman\">Josh Chapman\u003c/a>, CEO of \u003ca href=\"https://pages.giveforward.com/homepage/\">GiveForward\u003c/a>. It's outpaced all categories except adoption at his firm in 2016, Chapman says, adding, \"we believe this trend will continue into 2017.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Most health insurance doesn't cover treatments for infertility. That was the case for Janet Carter and her wife Jackie. They live in Charleston, S.C., and both have job-based health insurance.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Janet says their insurance was helpful for the diagnostic part of the process, but that was the extent of the reimbursement. \"[The insurance] will cover anything that is testing beforehand, like any underlying issues that are leading to the need for fertility treatment. They do not cover any of the actual procedures at all,\" she says.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>As their August, 2015 wedding approached, the couple asked their guests to consider giving them cash for fertility treatments.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"We not only had a regular registry for Target, but we also decided to have it be an option for our friends and family that wanted to be a part of us starting our little new family,\" Janet says.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The wedding guests gave them about $3,000, which they used to help pay for nine failed IUI attempts. Janet wanted to try asking friends again for money, this time for help with IVF. But, initially, Jackie wasn't so sure.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"Does it seem like we're begging, or asking people for money,\" she recalls wondering. \"Am I ready to do that? Am I ready for people to be that involved?\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>They asked friends for their opinions about crowdfunding, and the support was resounding, the women say, save for a wee bit of hesitation from Janet's mom.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"I think that's just a generational difference in opinion,\" Janet says.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But, Jackie became convinced.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"I realized, 'Hey, you know what? There are thousands of people out there using these crowdfunding sources for honeymoons and, you know, maybe things that aren't as impactful as having a child,' \" she says.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The couple went forward with a site called, \u003ca href=\"https://www.youcaring.com/janet-carter-and-jackie-regan-368536\">YouCaring.com\u003c/a>, that's helped them raise about $5,000 so far.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Still, crowdfunding \u003cem>is\u003c/em> hard for a lot of people, says \u003ca href=\"http://www.rachelgurevich.com/\">Rachel Gurevich\u003c/a>, who writes about fertility issues.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"I wouldn't do it unless you have a lot of social connections,\" she says. \"A lot of people think that it's automatic — they're going to put it up and raise a bunch of money. And they're not — and that can be really disappointing.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Indeed, dozens of IVF campaigns on these sites show $0 raised. Both the Frys and the Carters received money from friends, family and some acquaintances, which is more typical for these crowdfunds, Gurevich says. Most donations range from $20 to $100.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Greg and Julia Fry's crowdfunding page has earned about $1,200.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"It's been very positive — everybody that I've worked with,\" says Julia. \"People come up to me. And they've come into my office and they hand me $20,\" she says. \"They say, 'We love you guys. We think you will be such great parents — please take it.' \"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Their friend Jordanna Larish gave $50, even though she's unemployed right now. \"Julia and Greg are incredibly generous people, always helping others,\" she writes in an email to NPR. \"They've been trying for so long to have a baby, and they'll be excellent parents.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Jessie Simpson, who is friends with Jackie and Janet Carter, says she gave them $500 — \"and a whole lot of prayers.\" Simpson was moved by how easy it was for her to have her son and how difficult it has been for her friends.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"Watching their struggle for over a year, all while the medical bills rack up each month, it was heartbreaking,\" Simpson writes to NPR. \"That is the power of crowdfunding though — connect their story to your experiences and you want to melt in a puddle of tears and give them the shirt off your back.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The Carters are using their fundraising to pay down a credit card bill for their IVF. And Janet is now pregnant — their baby is due in June, 2017.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>This story is part of NPR's reporting partnership with \u003ca href=\"http://www.kaiserhealthnews.org\">Kaiser Health News\u003c/a>.\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\u003cdiv class=\"fullattribution\">Copyright 2016 Kaiser Health News. To see more, visit \u003ca href=\"http://www.kaiserhealthnews.org/\">Kaiser Health News\u003c/a>.\u003cimg src=\"http://www.google-analytics.com/__utm.gif?utmac=UA-5828686-4&utmdt=Please%2C+Baby%2C+Please%3A+Some+Couples+Turn+To+Crowdfunding+For+IVF&utme=8(APIKey)9(MDAxOTAwOTE4MDEyMTkxMDAzNjczZDljZA004)\">\u003c/div>\n\n",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>Crowdfunding is a now a popular way to raise money for everything from birthday bashes to political protests. But on some of the big online fund raising sites, you'll find public pleas for something far more personal — infertility treatments.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Greg and Julia Fry of Ithaca, N.Y., were in their early 30s when they got married three years ago and set out to start a family. But a year passed and they didn't get pregnant. Six more months went by and, still, no baby.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>So they consulted a medical specialist, Greg says. \"And we wound up realizing that fertility treatments were what we would need.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>They began with a less costly and less invasive option: \u003ca href=\"http://www.cdc.gov/reproductivehealth/Infertility/index.htm\">IUI\u003c/a> or intrauterine insemination. That's where sperm is inserted with a catheter directly into the woman's uterus at the time of ovulation. The procedure costs, on average, just under $1,000 a try. The Frys have tried four times in the past year — with no luck.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"This, by far, is the hardest thing that we've ever been through together,\" says Greg. \"There is always hope going into every cycle. And that hope, sort of, gets dashed at the end of the cycle, and then we start again.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The next step they took was to try \u003ca href=\"http://www.npr.org/sections/health-shots/2014/02/18/279035110/ivf-baby-boom-births-from-fertility-procedure-hit-new-high\">in vitro fertilization\u003c/a>, or IVF. This involves fertilizing eggs with sperm in a laboratory dish, then transferring the embryo into the woman's uterus. It can cost $15,000 to $20,000 each try.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>At first, Greg says, they thought about traveling overseas for more affordable treatments, but travel costs would have gobbled up any savings. So, they went online instead, to the crowdfunding site GiveForward. They \u003ca href=\"https://pages.giveforward.com/medical/page-bwg4ty5/activity/595921\">posted\u003c/a> a video in which they talk about their decision to ask for financial help.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"You know us as Julia and Greg,\" Greg begins. \"The couple with so much love to give,\" Julia continues, and they alternate telling their story.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Asking for IVF assistance like this is one of the fastest growing crowdfunding categories, according to \u003ca href=\"https://www.linkedin.com/in/joshuacchapman\">Josh Chapman\u003c/a>, CEO of \u003ca href=\"https://pages.giveforward.com/homepage/\">GiveForward\u003c/a>. It's outpaced all categories except adoption at his firm in 2016, Chapman says, adding, \"we believe this trend will continue into 2017.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Most health insurance doesn't cover treatments for infertility. That was the case for Janet Carter and her wife Jackie. They live in Charleston, S.C., and both have job-based health insurance.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Janet says their insurance was helpful for the diagnostic part of the process, but that was the extent of the reimbursement. \"[The insurance] will cover anything that is testing beforehand, like any underlying issues that are leading to the need for fertility treatment. They do not cover any of the actual procedures at all,\" she says.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>As their August, 2015 wedding approached, the couple asked their guests to consider giving them cash for fertility treatments.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"We not only had a regular registry for Target, but we also decided to have it be an option for our friends and family that wanted to be a part of us starting our little new family,\" Janet says.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The wedding guests gave them about $3,000, which they used to help pay for nine failed IUI attempts. Janet wanted to try asking friends again for money, this time for help with IVF. But, initially, Jackie wasn't so sure.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"Does it seem like we're begging, or asking people for money,\" she recalls wondering. \"Am I ready to do that? Am I ready for people to be that involved?\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>They asked friends for their opinions about crowdfunding, and the support was resounding, the women say, save for a wee bit of hesitation from Janet's mom.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"I think that's just a generational difference in opinion,\" Janet says.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But, Jackie became convinced.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"I realized, 'Hey, you know what? There are thousands of people out there using these crowdfunding sources for honeymoons and, you know, maybe things that aren't as impactful as having a child,' \" she says.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The couple went forward with a site called, \u003ca href=\"https://www.youcaring.com/janet-carter-and-jackie-regan-368536\">YouCaring.com\u003c/a>, that's helped them raise about $5,000 so far.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Still, crowdfunding \u003cem>is\u003c/em> hard for a lot of people, says \u003ca href=\"http://www.rachelgurevich.com/\">Rachel Gurevich\u003c/a>, who writes about fertility issues.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"I wouldn't do it unless you have a lot of social connections,\" she says. \"A lot of people think that it's automatic — they're going to put it up and raise a bunch of money. And they're not — and that can be really disappointing.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Indeed, dozens of IVF campaigns on these sites show $0 raised. Both the Frys and the Carters received money from friends, family and some acquaintances, which is more typical for these crowdfunds, Gurevich says. Most donations range from $20 to $100.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Greg and Julia Fry's crowdfunding page has earned about $1,200.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"It's been very positive — everybody that I've worked with,\" says Julia. \"People come up to me. And they've come into my office and they hand me $20,\" she says. \"They say, 'We love you guys. We think you will be such great parents — please take it.' \"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Their friend Jordanna Larish gave $50, even though she's unemployed right now. \"Julia and Greg are incredibly generous people, always helping others,\" she writes in an email to NPR. \"They've been trying for so long to have a baby, and they'll be excellent parents.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Jessie Simpson, who is friends with Jackie and Janet Carter, says she gave them $500 — \"and a whole lot of prayers.\" Simpson was moved by how easy it was for her to have her son and how difficult it has been for her friends.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"Watching their struggle for over a year, all while the medical bills rack up each month, it was heartbreaking,\" Simpson writes to NPR. \"That is the power of crowdfunding though — connect their story to your experiences and you want to melt in a puddle of tears and give them the shirt off your back.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The Carters are using their fundraising to pay down a credit card bill for their IVF. And Janet is now pregnant — their baby is due in June, 2017.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>This story is part of NPR's reporting partnership with \u003ca href=\"http://www.kaiserhealthnews.org\">Kaiser Health News\u003c/a>.\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\u003cdiv class=\"fullattribution\">Copyright 2016 Kaiser Health News. To see more, visit \u003ca href=\"http://www.kaiserhealthnews.org/\">Kaiser Health News\u003c/a>.\u003cimg src=\"http://www.google-analytics.com/__utm.gif?utmac=UA-5828686-4&utmdt=Please%2C+Baby%2C+Please%3A+Some+Couples+Turn+To+Crowdfunding+For+IVF&utme=8(APIKey)9(MDAxOTAwOTE4MDEyMTkxMDAzNjczZDljZA004)\">\u003c/div>\n\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>",
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"disqusTitle": "How Do You Know Which Medical Information on Wikipedia to Trust?",
"title": "How Do You Know Which Medical Information on Wikipedia to Trust?",
"headTitle": "KQED Future of You | KQED Science",
"content": "\u003cp>James Heilman isn't an easy man to get a hold of; he kept offering us odd, off-hour windows of availability to do a phone interview. When we finally connected, he explained: He works the night shift as an emergency room physician in British Columbia. He also puts in time as a clinical assistant professor in emergency medicine.\u003c/p>\n\u003caside class=\"alignright\">\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: normal\">\u003cstrong>How to check the accuracy of Wikipedia pages\u003c/strong>\u003cbr>\nYou can check how Wikipedians rate the quality and thoroughness of every entry on the encyclopedia by clicking on the \"Talk\" tab near the top left of each page. There you will find the page's rating, which will fall somewhere on this \u003ca href=\"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:WikiProject_Medicine/Assessment#Quality_scale\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">scale\u003c/a>. Here are lists of the health articles with the \u003ca href=\"https://tools.wmflabs.org/enwp10/cgi-bin/list2.fcgi?run=yes&projecta=Medicine&quality=FA-Classhttps://tools.wmflabs.org/enwp10/cgi-bin/list2.fcgi?run=yes&projecta=Medicine&quality=FA-Class\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">highest\u003c/a> and \u003ca href=\"https://tools.wmflabs.org/enwp10/cgi-bin/list2.fcgi?run=yes&projecta=Medicine&quality=GA-Class\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">second-highest ratings\u003c/a>; these are the most trustworthy health entries.\u003c/span>\u003c/aside>\n\u003cp>Then there's the 60 -- count'em, 60 -- hours a week he toils away editing Wikipedia, the massive online encyclopedia written and edited by, well, anyone who wants to give it a whirl.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"My wife likes to joke that Wikipedia's my mistress; I prefer to call it our first child,” he says, chuckling with a tinge of self-awareness that he's gone a bit off the rails in his goal of making the copious health-related pages on the site more accurate.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>So how does an emergency doc become an obsessive Wikipedian?\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>About 10 years ago, he says, during a quiet night shift, he got to browsing one of the medical articles.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"I thought, 'Oh, my God this is really bad,'\" he says. \"And then I saw the edit button, and I realized, oh, my God, I could fix the internet! I sort of got madly hooked. I’ve been trying to fix the Internet ever since.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Accuracy Questioned\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Part of that quest was creating the \u003ca href=\"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:WikiProject_Medicine\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">WikiProject Medicine\u003c/a> group, where 320 like-minded editors work on the site's \u003ca href=\"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Health_information_on_Wikipedia\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">health content. \u003c/a>Heilman estimates about half are medical professionals.\u003c/p>\n\u003caside class=\"pullquote alignright\">\"I thought ‘Oh, my God this is really bad.' And then I saw the edit button, and I realized, oh, my God, I could fix the internet!\"\u003c/aside>\n\u003cp>Reworking Wikipedia health entries is not a trivial task. A 2014 study found about 25,000 pages of English-language health-related articles. That number is now up to 32,000, Heilman says. The health pages worldwide attracted almost \u003ca href=\"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4376174/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">4.9 billion pageviews\u003c/a> in 2013. A 2012 \u003ca href=\"http://www.tandfonline.com/doi/full/10.3109/0142159X.2012.737064?scroll=top&needAccess=true&\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">survey\u003c/a> of several hundred medical students found 94 percent use the site for health information.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But despite its popularity, the reliability of Wikipedia's medical content has often been questioned. A 2011 \u003ca href=\"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3241521/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">review \u003c/a>on the accuracy and thoroughness of the site's medical entries found mixed results. Other studies show that the site fell short in \u003ca href=\"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24276492\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">gastroenterology and hepatology\u003c/a>, \u003ca href=\"http://aop.sagepub.com/content/42/12/1814.abstract\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">drug information\u003c/a>, \u003ca href=\"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3193353/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">statins\u003c/a> (later \u003ca href=\"http://journals.plos.org/plosone/article?id=10.1371/journal.pone.0106930#pone.0106930-Kupferberg1\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">improved\u003c/a>), and issues of the \u003ca href=\"http://www.ijporlonline.com/article/S0165-5876(12)00336-9/abstract\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">ear, nose and throat\u003c/a>. Other studies found the website provided better information in \u003ca href=\"http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/sdi.12059/epdf?r3_referer=wol&tracking_action=preview_click&show_checkout=1&purchase_referrer=onlinelibrary.wiley.com&purchase_site_license=LICENSE_DENIED_NO_CUSTOMER\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">nephrology\u003c/a> and \u003ca href=\"https://www.cambridge.org/core/journals/psychological-medicine/article/quality-of-information-sources-about-mental-disorders-a-comparison-of-wikipedia-with-centrally-controlled-web-and-printed-sources/595CEE672BB7C503101FAF5A9E303673\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">depression and schizophrenia\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003caside class=\"alignright\">\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: normal\">\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: normal\">To get good health info online:\u003c/span>\u003c/span>\n\u003cul>\n\u003cli>Check multiple, high-quality sources like those from academic and government institutions.\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>Be alert for sites that contain information that conflicts with other sources, a possible indication of low-quality information.\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>Consult \u003ca href=\"http://www.uptodate.com/home\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">UpToDate\u003c/a>, \u003ca href=\"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">PubMed\u003c/a>, and peer-reviewed journals for primary research on a topic.\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>If using Wikipedia, click the 'Talk' tab at the top of each page to see how the site's editors have rated the quality of the article. Look at the footnotes to check the sources of assertions.\u003c/li>\n\u003c/ul>\n\u003c/aside>\n\u003cp>But just recently, in \u003cem>\u003ca href=\"http://www.thelancet.com/journals/langlo/article/PIIS2214-109X(16)30254-6/fulltext\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">The Lancet: Global Health, \u003c/a>\u003c/em>researchers reported that Wikipedia entries on stillbirths were missing critical information.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>And a 2014 \u003ca href=\"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24778001\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">study\u003c/a> comparing peer-reviewed literature to the site's articles on 10 different widespread diseases and conditions found a significant number of assertions in the Wikipedia material that were unsupported by the evidence.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Heilman doesn't think much of that study; he co-wrote a \u003ca href=\"http://community-archive.cochrane.org/news/blog/wikipedia%E2%80%99s-medical-content-really-90-wrong\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">rebuttal\u003c/a> to it with other medical experts/Wikipedians. Still, he acknowledges \"there's a lot of work to do\" to bring health entries up to snuff. The reality of that is borne out by the small number of health articles -- \u003ca href=\"https://tools.wmflabs.org/enwp10/cgi-bin/list2.fcgi?run=yes&projecta=Medicine&quality=FA-Class%20featured%20health%20articles\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">63\u003c/a> -- that have received the highest grade by Wikipedia editors. Those articles qualify as featured articles on the encyclopedia's front page. (The next-best level -- \"good\" -- contains a mere \u003ca href=\"https://tools.wmflabs.org/enwp10/cgi-bin/list2.fcgi?run=yes&projecta=Medicine&quality=GA-Class\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">200 articles\u003c/a>.) The \u003ca href=\"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:WikiProject_Medicine/Assessment#Quality_scale\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">criteria\u003c/a> for a \"featured\" article is comprehensiveness, neutrality and accuracy. That means the information has been verified against high-quality sources.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Calls to Action\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>An \u003ca href=\"https://theconversation.com/wikipedia-is-already-the-worlds-dr-google-its-time-for-doctors-and-researchers-to-make-it-better-66769\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">article\u003c/a> last month on the academic publishing site \"The Conversation\" by Thomas Shafee, one of the researchers who wrote about Wikipedia's inadequate \"stillbirth\" entries, is headlined \"Wikipedia is already the world’s ‘Dr Google’ -- it’s time for doctors and researchers to make it better.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"Health professionals have a duty to improve the accuracy of medical entries in Wikipedia, because it’s the first port of call for people all over the world seeking medical information,\" Shafee wrote. \"The accuracy of the site is vital, because every medical entry... has the potential for immediate \u003ca href=\"http://www.who.int/bulletin/volumes/87/4/08-056713/en/\">real-world health consequences\u003c/a>.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Others agree. University of California, San Francisco psychiatrist Amin Azzam recently co-authored a \u003ca href=\"http://journals.lww.com/academicmedicine/Abstract/publishahead/Why_Medical_Schools_Should_Embrace_Wikipedia__.98408.aspx\">report\u003c/a> published in the journal \u003cem>Academic Medicine \u003c/em>titled “Why Medical Schools Should Embrace Wikipedia.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Improving Wikipedia\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Efforts to improve the entire site, including the health section, are underway. Hundreds of students in both the U.S. and Canada, for example, are working as editors through the \u003ca href=\"https://wikiedu.org/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">Wiki Education Foundation\u003c/a>, a nonprofit organization based in San Francisco that acts as a bridge between Wikipedia and academia. The organization encourages university faculty to assign students Wikipedia entries as a part of coursework.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"Rather than write a biography of a woman scientist for their class that their instructor would read and throw away and never engage in again,\" says the foundation's LiAnna Davis, \"these students instead have the opportunity to create content for Wikipedia where thousands of people can gain from their work.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Pharmacology students at the University of California, San Francisco, for example, are \u003ca href=\"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:UCSF_School_of_Medicine\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">working to improve entries\u003c/a> on popular drugs like the HIV antiviral drug \u003ca href=\"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Abacavir\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">Abacavir\u003c/a>. Students in a voice disorders class at McGill University in Montreal are adding information about \u003ca href=\"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Laryngitis\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">laryngitis\u003c/a>. Students fill in missing information, improve gross inadequacies, and rewrite articles using fewer technical terms to appeal to the general public.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In 2016, 280 science classes at universities in the U.S. and Canada have added content to 3,650 articles and generated 300 new entries receiving more than 102 million views, says Davis.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Heilman points to many efforts to improve articles, and a \u003ca href=\"http://translatorswithoutborders.org/?s=wikipedia\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">collaboration\u003c/a> with the group Translators Without Borders to rewrite Wikipedia medical content in as many languages as possible. That \u003ca href=\"https://opensource.com/life/16/11/support-indian-languages\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">includes Odia\u003c/a>, spoken by tens of millions of people in India that is not included in\u003ca href=\"https://translate.google.com/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\"> Google Translate\u003c/a>. Heilman also cites as a success the Wikipedia entry for dengue fever, which was published in the peer-reviewed open-access journal \u003ca href=\"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4242787/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">Open Medicine\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Federal agencies are also tapping Wikipedia. The National Institutes of Health is creating an online biomedical \u003ca href=\"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmedhealth/topics/health/a/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">dictionary\u003c/a> for PubMed Health. which provides consumer-friendly research information.\u003ca href=\"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmedhealth/topics/health/a/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\"> \u003c/a>The NIH usually creates the definitions by drawing on material in its own collection, but sometimes It will use Wikipedia as a source. Both organizations benefit, as the NIH will flag Heilman if it comes across something inaccurate in the material.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Heilman fervently hopes more health and science academics and professionals will help expand the accuracy of the project.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"I spend a fair amount of time trying to convince my colleagues to come work on Wikipedia,\" he says. \"As a physician I believe all people deserve access to quality health care information.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>How to Find Good Health Info\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>So ... after all is said and done, how should the average person approach looking for health information on the Web?\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Azzam, the UCSF psychiatrist who called for medical schools to embrace Wikipedia, would actually first send patients to government sites like the National Institutes of Health, Centers for Disease Control and National Library of Medicine.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"Many of those sites have information targeting 'lay' people,\" he wrote in an email. \"Additionally there are national advocacy organizations for specific disease and/or health conditions. For example, as a psychiatrist I will refer my patients and their families to the National Alliance on Mental Illness (NAMI).\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>For those who do use Wikipedia, he recommends using the \"Talk\" tab near the top left of every page. That will take you to a rating of how thorough and accurate Wikipedia editors think the page is. He also looks at the references that each assertion of fact in Wikipedia entries are required to link to. (You can do this by clicking on the superscript numbers at the end of a sentence.)\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"That gives me some idea of how much to trust the content,\" Azzam says.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>He recommends consulting multiple sources to ferret out any outliers, a method that is \"effectively a proxy measure for validity.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>If you want to consult material that health professionals use themselves, he recommends \u003ca href=\"http://www.uptodate.com/home\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">UpToDate\u003c/a>, \u003ca href=\"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">PubMed\u003c/a>, and peer-reviewed journals.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Health information is on a \"continuum,\" he believes, with subscription-only top tier scholarly journals on one end and the user-created Wikipedia on the other.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"We believe [journal] content to be the scientific truth as we know it because content experts have peer-reviewed the manuscripts,\" he says. \"But the challenge at that extreme is gaining access to that knowledge, especially with high-cost subscription charges.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>That is why he's working with students to improve Wikipedia, \"pulling that pole toward the other end of the spectrum.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"Since so many consumers of health information online are reading that content, I want to be a part of a movement to make it as high quality as possible!\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>As for Heilman, the avid health editor, he also recommends checking multiple, high-quality sources when looking for specific health information, paying attention to what they agree on. But that doesn't mean he's going to give up on improving Wikipedia.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad floatright]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"As a physician, I can help one person at a time,\" he says. \"But as a Wikipedian, I can make a difference in millions and millions of people’s lives.\"\u003c/p>\n\n",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>James Heilman isn't an easy man to get a hold of; he kept offering us odd, off-hour windows of availability to do a phone interview. When we finally connected, he explained: He works the night shift as an emergency room physician in British Columbia. He also puts in time as a clinical assistant professor in emergency medicine.\u003c/p>\n\u003caside class=\"alignright\">\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: normal\">\u003cstrong>How to check the accuracy of Wikipedia pages\u003c/strong>\u003cbr>\nYou can check how Wikipedians rate the quality and thoroughness of every entry on the encyclopedia by clicking on the \"Talk\" tab near the top left of each page. There you will find the page's rating, which will fall somewhere on this \u003ca href=\"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:WikiProject_Medicine/Assessment#Quality_scale\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">scale\u003c/a>. Here are lists of the health articles with the \u003ca href=\"https://tools.wmflabs.org/enwp10/cgi-bin/list2.fcgi?run=yes&projecta=Medicine&quality=FA-Classhttps://tools.wmflabs.org/enwp10/cgi-bin/list2.fcgi?run=yes&projecta=Medicine&quality=FA-Class\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">highest\u003c/a> and \u003ca href=\"https://tools.wmflabs.org/enwp10/cgi-bin/list2.fcgi?run=yes&projecta=Medicine&quality=GA-Class\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">second-highest ratings\u003c/a>; these are the most trustworthy health entries.\u003c/span>\u003c/aside>\n\u003cp>Then there's the 60 -- count'em, 60 -- hours a week he toils away editing Wikipedia, the massive online encyclopedia written and edited by, well, anyone who wants to give it a whirl.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"My wife likes to joke that Wikipedia's my mistress; I prefer to call it our first child,” he says, chuckling with a tinge of self-awareness that he's gone a bit off the rails in his goal of making the copious health-related pages on the site more accurate.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>So how does an emergency doc become an obsessive Wikipedian?\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>About 10 years ago, he says, during a quiet night shift, he got to browsing one of the medical articles.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"I thought, 'Oh, my God this is really bad,'\" he says. \"And then I saw the edit button, and I realized, oh, my God, I could fix the internet! I sort of got madly hooked. I’ve been trying to fix the Internet ever since.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Accuracy Questioned\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Part of that quest was creating the \u003ca href=\"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:WikiProject_Medicine\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">WikiProject Medicine\u003c/a> group, where 320 like-minded editors work on the site's \u003ca href=\"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Health_information_on_Wikipedia\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">health content. \u003c/a>Heilman estimates about half are medical professionals.\u003c/p>\n\u003caside class=\"pullquote alignright\">\"I thought ‘Oh, my God this is really bad.' And then I saw the edit button, and I realized, oh, my God, I could fix the internet!\"\u003c/aside>\n\u003cp>Reworking Wikipedia health entries is not a trivial task. A 2014 study found about 25,000 pages of English-language health-related articles. That number is now up to 32,000, Heilman says. The health pages worldwide attracted almost \u003ca href=\"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4376174/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">4.9 billion pageviews\u003c/a> in 2013. A 2012 \u003ca href=\"http://www.tandfonline.com/doi/full/10.3109/0142159X.2012.737064?scroll=top&needAccess=true&\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">survey\u003c/a> of several hundred medical students found 94 percent use the site for health information.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But despite its popularity, the reliability of Wikipedia's medical content has often been questioned. A 2011 \u003ca href=\"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3241521/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">review \u003c/a>on the accuracy and thoroughness of the site's medical entries found mixed results. Other studies show that the site fell short in \u003ca href=\"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24276492\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">gastroenterology and hepatology\u003c/a>, \u003ca href=\"http://aop.sagepub.com/content/42/12/1814.abstract\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">drug information\u003c/a>, \u003ca href=\"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3193353/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">statins\u003c/a> (later \u003ca href=\"http://journals.plos.org/plosone/article?id=10.1371/journal.pone.0106930#pone.0106930-Kupferberg1\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">improved\u003c/a>), and issues of the \u003ca href=\"http://www.ijporlonline.com/article/S0165-5876(12)00336-9/abstract\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">ear, nose and throat\u003c/a>. Other studies found the website provided better information in \u003ca href=\"http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/sdi.12059/epdf?r3_referer=wol&tracking_action=preview_click&show_checkout=1&purchase_referrer=onlinelibrary.wiley.com&purchase_site_license=LICENSE_DENIED_NO_CUSTOMER\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">nephrology\u003c/a> and \u003ca href=\"https://www.cambridge.org/core/journals/psychological-medicine/article/quality-of-information-sources-about-mental-disorders-a-comparison-of-wikipedia-with-centrally-controlled-web-and-printed-sources/595CEE672BB7C503101FAF5A9E303673\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">depression and schizophrenia\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003caside class=\"alignright\">\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: normal\">\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: normal\">To get good health info online:\u003c/span>\u003c/span>\n\u003cul>\n\u003cli>Check multiple, high-quality sources like those from academic and government institutions.\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>Be alert for sites that contain information that conflicts with other sources, a possible indication of low-quality information.\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>Consult \u003ca href=\"http://www.uptodate.com/home\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">UpToDate\u003c/a>, \u003ca href=\"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">PubMed\u003c/a>, and peer-reviewed journals for primary research on a topic.\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>If using Wikipedia, click the 'Talk' tab at the top of each page to see how the site's editors have rated the quality of the article. Look at the footnotes to check the sources of assertions.\u003c/li>\n\u003c/ul>\n\u003c/aside>\n\u003cp>But just recently, in \u003cem>\u003ca href=\"http://www.thelancet.com/journals/langlo/article/PIIS2214-109X(16)30254-6/fulltext\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">The Lancet: Global Health, \u003c/a>\u003c/em>researchers reported that Wikipedia entries on stillbirths were missing critical information.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>And a 2014 \u003ca href=\"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24778001\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">study\u003c/a> comparing peer-reviewed literature to the site's articles on 10 different widespread diseases and conditions found a significant number of assertions in the Wikipedia material that were unsupported by the evidence.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Heilman doesn't think much of that study; he co-wrote a \u003ca href=\"http://community-archive.cochrane.org/news/blog/wikipedia%E2%80%99s-medical-content-really-90-wrong\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">rebuttal\u003c/a> to it with other medical experts/Wikipedians. Still, he acknowledges \"there's a lot of work to do\" to bring health entries up to snuff. The reality of that is borne out by the small number of health articles -- \u003ca href=\"https://tools.wmflabs.org/enwp10/cgi-bin/list2.fcgi?run=yes&projecta=Medicine&quality=FA-Class%20featured%20health%20articles\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">63\u003c/a> -- that have received the highest grade by Wikipedia editors. Those articles qualify as featured articles on the encyclopedia's front page. (The next-best level -- \"good\" -- contains a mere \u003ca href=\"https://tools.wmflabs.org/enwp10/cgi-bin/list2.fcgi?run=yes&projecta=Medicine&quality=GA-Class\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">200 articles\u003c/a>.) The \u003ca href=\"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:WikiProject_Medicine/Assessment#Quality_scale\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">criteria\u003c/a> for a \"featured\" article is comprehensiveness, neutrality and accuracy. That means the information has been verified against high-quality sources.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Calls to Action\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>An \u003ca href=\"https://theconversation.com/wikipedia-is-already-the-worlds-dr-google-its-time-for-doctors-and-researchers-to-make-it-better-66769\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">article\u003c/a> last month on the academic publishing site \"The Conversation\" by Thomas Shafee, one of the researchers who wrote about Wikipedia's inadequate \"stillbirth\" entries, is headlined \"Wikipedia is already the world’s ‘Dr Google’ -- it’s time for doctors and researchers to make it better.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"Health professionals have a duty to improve the accuracy of medical entries in Wikipedia, because it’s the first port of call for people all over the world seeking medical information,\" Shafee wrote. \"The accuracy of the site is vital, because every medical entry... has the potential for immediate \u003ca href=\"http://www.who.int/bulletin/volumes/87/4/08-056713/en/\">real-world health consequences\u003c/a>.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Others agree. University of California, San Francisco psychiatrist Amin Azzam recently co-authored a \u003ca href=\"http://journals.lww.com/academicmedicine/Abstract/publishahead/Why_Medical_Schools_Should_Embrace_Wikipedia__.98408.aspx\">report\u003c/a> published in the journal \u003cem>Academic Medicine \u003c/em>titled “Why Medical Schools Should Embrace Wikipedia.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Improving Wikipedia\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Efforts to improve the entire site, including the health section, are underway. Hundreds of students in both the U.S. and Canada, for example, are working as editors through the \u003ca href=\"https://wikiedu.org/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">Wiki Education Foundation\u003c/a>, a nonprofit organization based in San Francisco that acts as a bridge between Wikipedia and academia. The organization encourages university faculty to assign students Wikipedia entries as a part of coursework.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"Rather than write a biography of a woman scientist for their class that their instructor would read and throw away and never engage in again,\" says the foundation's LiAnna Davis, \"these students instead have the opportunity to create content for Wikipedia where thousands of people can gain from their work.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Pharmacology students at the University of California, San Francisco, for example, are \u003ca href=\"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:UCSF_School_of_Medicine\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">working to improve entries\u003c/a> on popular drugs like the HIV antiviral drug \u003ca href=\"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Abacavir\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">Abacavir\u003c/a>. Students in a voice disorders class at McGill University in Montreal are adding information about \u003ca href=\"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Laryngitis\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">laryngitis\u003c/a>. Students fill in missing information, improve gross inadequacies, and rewrite articles using fewer technical terms to appeal to the general public.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In 2016, 280 science classes at universities in the U.S. and Canada have added content to 3,650 articles and generated 300 new entries receiving more than 102 million views, says Davis.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Heilman points to many efforts to improve articles, and a \u003ca href=\"http://translatorswithoutborders.org/?s=wikipedia\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">collaboration\u003c/a> with the group Translators Without Borders to rewrite Wikipedia medical content in as many languages as possible. That \u003ca href=\"https://opensource.com/life/16/11/support-indian-languages\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">includes Odia\u003c/a>, spoken by tens of millions of people in India that is not included in\u003ca href=\"https://translate.google.com/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\"> Google Translate\u003c/a>. Heilman also cites as a success the Wikipedia entry for dengue fever, which was published in the peer-reviewed open-access journal \u003ca href=\"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4242787/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">Open Medicine\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Federal agencies are also tapping Wikipedia. The National Institutes of Health is creating an online biomedical \u003ca href=\"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmedhealth/topics/health/a/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">dictionary\u003c/a> for PubMed Health. which provides consumer-friendly research information.\u003ca href=\"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmedhealth/topics/health/a/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\"> \u003c/a>The NIH usually creates the definitions by drawing on material in its own collection, but sometimes It will use Wikipedia as a source. Both organizations benefit, as the NIH will flag Heilman if it comes across something inaccurate in the material.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Heilman fervently hopes more health and science academics and professionals will help expand the accuracy of the project.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"I spend a fair amount of time trying to convince my colleagues to come work on Wikipedia,\" he says. \"As a physician I believe all people deserve access to quality health care information.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>How to Find Good Health Info\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>So ... after all is said and done, how should the average person approach looking for health information on the Web?\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Azzam, the UCSF psychiatrist who called for medical schools to embrace Wikipedia, would actually first send patients to government sites like the National Institutes of Health, Centers for Disease Control and National Library of Medicine.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"Many of those sites have information targeting 'lay' people,\" he wrote in an email. \"Additionally there are national advocacy organizations for specific disease and/or health conditions. For example, as a psychiatrist I will refer my patients and their families to the National Alliance on Mental Illness (NAMI).\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>For those who do use Wikipedia, he recommends using the \"Talk\" tab near the top left of every page. That will take you to a rating of how thorough and accurate Wikipedia editors think the page is. He also looks at the references that each assertion of fact in Wikipedia entries are required to link to. (You can do this by clicking on the superscript numbers at the end of a sentence.)\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"That gives me some idea of how much to trust the content,\" Azzam says.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>He recommends consulting multiple sources to ferret out any outliers, a method that is \"effectively a proxy measure for validity.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>If you want to consult material that health professionals use themselves, he recommends \u003ca href=\"http://www.uptodate.com/home\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">UpToDate\u003c/a>, \u003ca href=\"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">PubMed\u003c/a>, and peer-reviewed journals.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Health information is on a \"continuum,\" he believes, with subscription-only top tier scholarly journals on one end and the user-created Wikipedia on the other.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"We believe [journal] content to be the scientific truth as we know it because content experts have peer-reviewed the manuscripts,\" he says. \"But the challenge at that extreme is gaining access to that knowledge, especially with high-cost subscription charges.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>That is why he's working with students to improve Wikipedia, \"pulling that pole toward the other end of the spectrum.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"Since so many consumers of health information online are reading that content, I want to be a part of a movement to make it as high quality as possible!\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>As for Heilman, the avid health editor, he also recommends checking multiple, high-quality sources when looking for specific health information, paying attention to what they agree on. But that doesn't mean he's going to give up on improving Wikipedia.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"As a physician, I can help one person at a time,\" he says. \"But as a Wikipedian, I can make a difference in millions and millions of people’s lives.\"\u003c/p>\n\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>",
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"content": "\u003cp>Not to beat a dead unicorn, but this is a pretty interesting story from \u003ca href=\"http://www.wsj.com/articles/theranos-whistleblower-shook-the-companyand-his-family-1479335963\" target=\"_blank\">The Wall Street Journal\u003c/a>, identifying the Theranos employee who squealed to the newspaper and to New York state officials by alleging company manipulation of blood test results. He's Tyler Shultz, 26-year-old grandson of Republican éminence grise George Shultz, the U.S. Secretary of State under Ronald Reagan. The elder Shultz was a Theranos board member from 2011-15, until he was shifted to an advisory position as part of the company's shift from high-profile bigwigs on its board to people with actual medical experience.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The Journal reports Tyler Shultz found that the company's test results \"varied widely when tests were rerun with the same blood samples. To reduce that variability, Theranos routinely discarded outlying values from validation reports it compiled, he says.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Shultz told the Journal he first complained about the practice to CEO Elizabeth Holmes. She referred him to a VP in charge of biostatistics, who told him the ambiguous results were later clarified by subsequent tests. After Shultz filed a complaint with New York State, under an alias, Theranos accused him of leaking trade secrets and violating his non-disclosure agreement. It also sent lawyers to pressure him to identify other employee whistleblowers, and hired private investigators to follow him, he said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Shultz said he and his family have spent more than $400,000 in legal fees. The Journal says he is cooperating with a federal investigation of Theranos.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Theranos, a blood testing company that rode to prominence on the claims of its ability to perform dozens of blood tests from a few drops of blood, is now approaching Enron-level status, at least as a brand name. It's been forced to exit the consumer blood-testing business on the heels of severe government penalties for deficiencies and inaccuracies at its lab; it's the subject of a multitude of lawsuits by its former customers, as well as one by former business partner Walgreens; and it's under investigation by several government agencies.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>We reached out to Theranos and to p.r. firm Hill & Knowlton, which is working with the company, but both declined to comment.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Read the entire Wall Street Journal article below. Here's our\u003ca href=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/futureofyou/2016/07/14/the-rise-and-fall-of-theranos-a-cartoon-history/\" target=\"_blank\"> cartoon history of Theranos i\u003c/a>f you want some background. And by the way, there's still at least \u003ca href=\"http://www.cnbc.com/2016/11/15/theranos-ceo-elizabeth-holmes-is-a-victim-venture-capitalist-tim-draper-says.html\" target=\"_blank\">one true believer left\u003c/a> in the Theranos camp ...\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>http://www.wsj.com/articles/theranos-whistleblower-shook-the-companyand-his-family-1479335963\u003c/p>\n\n",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>Not to beat a dead unicorn, but this is a pretty interesting story from \u003ca href=\"http://www.wsj.com/articles/theranos-whistleblower-shook-the-companyand-his-family-1479335963\" target=\"_blank\">The Wall Street Journal\u003c/a>, identifying the Theranos employee who squealed to the newspaper and to New York state officials by alleging company manipulation of blood test results. He's Tyler Shultz, 26-year-old grandson of Republican éminence grise George Shultz, the U.S. Secretary of State under Ronald Reagan. The elder Shultz was a Theranos board member from 2011-15, until he was shifted to an advisory position as part of the company's shift from high-profile bigwigs on its board to people with actual medical experience.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The Journal reports Tyler Shultz found that the company's test results \"varied widely when tests were rerun with the same blood samples. To reduce that variability, Theranos routinely discarded outlying values from validation reports it compiled, he says.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Shultz told the Journal he first complained about the practice to CEO Elizabeth Holmes. She referred him to a VP in charge of biostatistics, who told him the ambiguous results were later clarified by subsequent tests. After Shultz filed a complaint with New York State, under an alias, Theranos accused him of leaking trade secrets and violating his non-disclosure agreement. It also sent lawyers to pressure him to identify other employee whistleblowers, and hired private investigators to follow him, he said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Shultz said he and his family have spent more than $400,000 in legal fees. The Journal says he is cooperating with a federal investigation of Theranos.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Theranos, a blood testing company that rode to prominence on the claims of its ability to perform dozens of blood tests from a few drops of blood, is now approaching Enron-level status, at least as a brand name. It's been forced to exit the consumer blood-testing business on the heels of severe government penalties for deficiencies and inaccuracies at its lab; it's the subject of a multitude of lawsuits by its former customers, as well as one by former business partner Walgreens; and it's under investigation by several government agencies.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>We reached out to Theranos and to p.r. firm Hill & Knowlton, which is working with the company, but both declined to comment.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Read the entire Wall Street Journal article below. Here's our\u003ca href=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/futureofyou/2016/07/14/the-rise-and-fall-of-theranos-a-cartoon-history/\" target=\"_blank\"> cartoon history of Theranos i\u003c/a>f you want some background. And by the way, there's still at least \u003ca href=\"http://www.cnbc.com/2016/11/15/theranos-ceo-elizabeth-holmes-is-a-victim-venture-capitalist-tim-draper-says.html\" target=\"_blank\">one true believer left\u003c/a> in the Theranos camp ...\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>http://www.wsj.com/articles/theranos-whistleblower-shook-the-companyand-his-family-1479335963\u003c/p>\n\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>",
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"content": "\u003cp>When the abortion pills arrived in her mailbox this summer, she felt anxious but also in control, knowing she could end her pregnancy entirely in the privacy of her own home.\u003c/p>\n\u003caside class=\"pullquote alignright\">'I was happy that I was going to be able to do it myself and I did not have a nurse there or doctors there staring at me and judging me.'\u003c/aside>\n\u003cp>“I was happy that I was going to be able to do it myself and I did not have a nurse there or doctors there staring at me and judging me,” she said, asking to be identified only by her middle name, Marie, because she did not want people outside her immediate family to know about her abortion.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Marie is part of a small but closely watched research effort to determine whether medical abortions — those induced by medicine instead of surgery — can be done safely through an online consultation with a doctor and drugs mailed to a woman’s home.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>At a time when access to abortion is being restricted on many fronts, advocates say being able to terminate a pregnancy through telemedicine and mail-order drugs would provide a welcome new option for women. Opponents of abortion find the concept dangerous and deeply disturbing.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The idea builds on a trend that is helping women obtain birth control more easily. A growing number of smartphone apps and websites now make it possible to get prescription contraceptives without visiting a doctor’s office first. The pills Marie and the other women received through the study are not allowed for sale in pharmacies and are usually available only at hospitals and abortion clinics.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Australia and the Canadian province of British Columbia allow women to get abortion pills by mail after consulting with a physician or other health care provider via phone or the internet. Several international organizations offer mail service in countries where abortion is otherwise unavailable or severely restricted. The oldest group, Women on Web, based in the Netherlands, has provided abortion medications to about 50,000 women in 130 countries since 2006. The service is not available in the United States, and the Food and Drug Administration warns against buying the drugs over the internet.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Having the pills delivered to her home in Hawaii meant that Marie could avoid the cost and time of traveling by plane to the nearest abortion clinic, over 100 miles away in Honolulu or Maui. Once she received them, she set the package aside for a week in her bedroom, waiting until she could schedule time off from her job at McDonald’s.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Over in Three Hours\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The first pill, as expected, had little effect. The next morning, with her mother at her home to watch her toddler, she took the second. Almost immediately, the bleeding and cramping began. Within three hours, her eight-week pregnancy was over. She described the pain as a five on a 10-point scale. That night she cooked dinner for her family, and the next day she went back to work.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The study Marie participated in is being conducted in four states — Hawaii, New York, Oregon and Washington. It is being funded and organized by Gynuity Health Projects, a nonprofit research group focused on reproductive health services that seeks to improve women’s access to medical abortions. The FDA has allowed the experiment. Women learn about it when contacting the abortion clinics in the study and other health providers who are aware of the trial and the website telabortion.org.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Danco Laboratories, the company that makes the pills, has no plans to seek wider distribution of the medication either through mail-order pharmacies or physical pharmacies, a spokeswoman said. It would have to seek the FDA’s permission to do so; the agency can also ask companies to change how their drugs are distributed.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Abortion is a politically charged issue in this country, and there is an extra degree of caution,” said the spokeswoman, Abby Long, explaining that research would be needed to support changing the drug’s distribution.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Of the first 12 women who participated in the study, all in Hawaii, 11 reported they had no complications and one did not take the pills, researchers said. Ten who completed surveys afterward said they were satisfied with the service and would recommend it to a friend, according to the researchers.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“It’s absolutely an important step forward to expanding access to abortion that is safe and effective and creating options for women,” said Susan Wood, director of the Jacobs Institute of Women’s Health at George Washington University, in Washington, D.C. She was not involved in the study.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Outraged\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Anti-abortion groups are outraged by the experiment.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“We have grave concerns about handing out dangerous, life-ending drugs without medical supervision because women face great risks for chemical abortions,” said Kristi Hamrick, spokeswoman for Americans United for Life.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Carol Tobias, president of the National Right to Life Committee, also raised safety concerns.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“If pills are sent through the mail, who are they supposed to call if they have a problem?” she said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“There are serious downsides from the pills,” she said, adding, “and just talking to someone over a computer and sending pills in the mail, to me, that is just reckless.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The process does not allow women to avoid the doctor’s office entirely. Using a video hookup on a home computer, a woman first consults with a doctor (or other clinician such as a nurse practitioner) at one of three participating abortion clinics who evaluates her medical history and explains how to take abortion pills and what to expect afterward. She must then get medical tests including ultrasound and bloodwork.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>If the tests show she is eligible for the study, the clinic sends her a package with pills and instructions via overnight mail. After taking them, she has some additional tests, such as an ultrasound to verify that the abortion is complete and also a phone consultation to review the results.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Declining Access\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Access to abortion has been declining steadily in the United States as dozens of clinics have been forced to close under new state restrictions. In Texas, the number of clinics fell to 18 in 2015 from 41 in 2012. Five states have just one clinic that offers abortions.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Medical abortions require women to take two drugs that together induce a miscarriage. The first, mifepristone (marketed as Mifeprex), is typically taken in a doctor’s office or clinic while the second, misoprostol, is given to the woman to take at home the next day.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In the United States, the FDA has approved medical abortion pills for use only in the first 10 weeks of pregnancy, while surgical abortions can be done later than that.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Medical abortions make up a quarter of all abortions in the country. About 2.8 million women in the United States have used mifepristone to terminate a pregnancy since the drug’s approval in 2000, according to Danco Laboratories, its manufacturer.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The American abortion study using overnight mail comes nearly a decade after Iowa became the first state to offer medical abortion counseling via telemedicine from a physician. But in Iowa and the three states that followed — Alaska, Maine and Minnesota — women must still go to a clinic that stocks mifepristone to receive the pills.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>If the study shows the telemedicine and mail approach works, that could encourage the FDA to stop restrictions on mifepristone, Gynuity’s principal investigator, Dr. Elizabeth Raymond, said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“All kinds of dangerous drugs are prescribed and available at pharmacies, including drugs for heart disease and Viagra,” she said. “There is no justification for why this safe drug should not be in pharmacies now.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But even if the FDA were to lift its restriction on where abortion pills are dispensed, 19 states ban the use of telemedicine for abortion and require a physician to be physically present when consulting a woman, according to the Guttmacher Institute, a reproductive rights research group.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“While this has the potential for being the future of abortion delivery for a good segment of the population, that vision might not be fulfilled due to the politics around the issue and restrictions in many states,” said Jessica Arons, president and chief executive of the Reproductive Health Technologies Project in Washington, an advocacy group.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad floatright]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>This story was produced by Kaiser Health News, an editorially independent program of the Kaiser Family Foundation.\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\n",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>When the abortion pills arrived in her mailbox this summer, she felt anxious but also in control, knowing she could end her pregnancy entirely in the privacy of her own home.\u003c/p>\n\u003caside class=\"pullquote alignright\">'I was happy that I was going to be able to do it myself and I did not have a nurse there or doctors there staring at me and judging me.'\u003c/aside>\n\u003cp>“I was happy that I was going to be able to do it myself and I did not have a nurse there or doctors there staring at me and judging me,” she said, asking to be identified only by her middle name, Marie, because she did not want people outside her immediate family to know about her abortion.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Marie is part of a small but closely watched research effort to determine whether medical abortions — those induced by medicine instead of surgery — can be done safely through an online consultation with a doctor and drugs mailed to a woman’s home.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>At a time when access to abortion is being restricted on many fronts, advocates say being able to terminate a pregnancy through telemedicine and mail-order drugs would provide a welcome new option for women. Opponents of abortion find the concept dangerous and deeply disturbing.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The idea builds on a trend that is helping women obtain birth control more easily. A growing number of smartphone apps and websites now make it possible to get prescription contraceptives without visiting a doctor’s office first. The pills Marie and the other women received through the study are not allowed for sale in pharmacies and are usually available only at hospitals and abortion clinics.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Australia and the Canadian province of British Columbia allow women to get abortion pills by mail after consulting with a physician or other health care provider via phone or the internet. Several international organizations offer mail service in countries where abortion is otherwise unavailable or severely restricted. The oldest group, Women on Web, based in the Netherlands, has provided abortion medications to about 50,000 women in 130 countries since 2006. The service is not available in the United States, and the Food and Drug Administration warns against buying the drugs over the internet.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Having the pills delivered to her home in Hawaii meant that Marie could avoid the cost and time of traveling by plane to the nearest abortion clinic, over 100 miles away in Honolulu or Maui. Once she received them, she set the package aside for a week in her bedroom, waiting until she could schedule time off from her job at McDonald’s.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Over in Three Hours\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The first pill, as expected, had little effect. The next morning, with her mother at her home to watch her toddler, she took the second. Almost immediately, the bleeding and cramping began. Within three hours, her eight-week pregnancy was over. She described the pain as a five on a 10-point scale. That night she cooked dinner for her family, and the next day she went back to work.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The study Marie participated in is being conducted in four states — Hawaii, New York, Oregon and Washington. It is being funded and organized by Gynuity Health Projects, a nonprofit research group focused on reproductive health services that seeks to improve women’s access to medical abortions. The FDA has allowed the experiment. Women learn about it when contacting the abortion clinics in the study and other health providers who are aware of the trial and the website telabortion.org.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Danco Laboratories, the company that makes the pills, has no plans to seek wider distribution of the medication either through mail-order pharmacies or physical pharmacies, a spokeswoman said. It would have to seek the FDA’s permission to do so; the agency can also ask companies to change how their drugs are distributed.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Abortion is a politically charged issue in this country, and there is an extra degree of caution,” said the spokeswoman, Abby Long, explaining that research would be needed to support changing the drug’s distribution.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Of the first 12 women who participated in the study, all in Hawaii, 11 reported they had no complications and one did not take the pills, researchers said. Ten who completed surveys afterward said they were satisfied with the service and would recommend it to a friend, according to the researchers.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“It’s absolutely an important step forward to expanding access to abortion that is safe and effective and creating options for women,” said Susan Wood, director of the Jacobs Institute of Women’s Health at George Washington University, in Washington, D.C. She was not involved in the study.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Outraged\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Anti-abortion groups are outraged by the experiment.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“We have grave concerns about handing out dangerous, life-ending drugs without medical supervision because women face great risks for chemical abortions,” said Kristi Hamrick, spokeswoman for Americans United for Life.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Carol Tobias, president of the National Right to Life Committee, also raised safety concerns.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“If pills are sent through the mail, who are they supposed to call if they have a problem?” she said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“There are serious downsides from the pills,” she said, adding, “and just talking to someone over a computer and sending pills in the mail, to me, that is just reckless.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The process does not allow women to avoid the doctor’s office entirely. Using a video hookup on a home computer, a woman first consults with a doctor (or other clinician such as a nurse practitioner) at one of three participating abortion clinics who evaluates her medical history and explains how to take abortion pills and what to expect afterward. She must then get medical tests including ultrasound and bloodwork.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>If the tests show she is eligible for the study, the clinic sends her a package with pills and instructions via overnight mail. After taking them, she has some additional tests, such as an ultrasound to verify that the abortion is complete and also a phone consultation to review the results.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Declining Access\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Access to abortion has been declining steadily in the United States as dozens of clinics have been forced to close under new state restrictions. In Texas, the number of clinics fell to 18 in 2015 from 41 in 2012. Five states have just one clinic that offers abortions.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Medical abortions require women to take two drugs that together induce a miscarriage. The first, mifepristone (marketed as Mifeprex), is typically taken in a doctor’s office or clinic while the second, misoprostol, is given to the woman to take at home the next day.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In the United States, the FDA has approved medical abortion pills for use only in the first 10 weeks of pregnancy, while surgical abortions can be done later than that.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Medical abortions make up a quarter of all abortions in the country. About 2.8 million women in the United States have used mifepristone to terminate a pregnancy since the drug’s approval in 2000, according to Danco Laboratories, its manufacturer.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The American abortion study using overnight mail comes nearly a decade after Iowa became the first state to offer medical abortion counseling via telemedicine from a physician. But in Iowa and the three states that followed — Alaska, Maine and Minnesota — women must still go to a clinic that stocks mifepristone to receive the pills.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>If the study shows the telemedicine and mail approach works, that could encourage the FDA to stop restrictions on mifepristone, Gynuity’s principal investigator, Dr. Elizabeth Raymond, said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“All kinds of dangerous drugs are prescribed and available at pharmacies, including drugs for heart disease and Viagra,” she said. “There is no justification for why this safe drug should not be in pharmacies now.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But even if the FDA were to lift its restriction on where abortion pills are dispensed, 19 states ban the use of telemedicine for abortion and require a physician to be physically present when consulting a woman, according to the Guttmacher Institute, a reproductive rights research group.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“While this has the potential for being the future of abortion delivery for a good segment of the population, that vision might not be fulfilled due to the politics around the issue and restrictions in many states,” said Jessica Arons, president and chief executive of the Reproductive Health Technologies Project in Washington, an advocacy group.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>This story was produced by Kaiser Health News, an editorially independent program of the Kaiser Family Foundation.\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>",
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"content": "\u003cp>It's a truism that we distrust what we don't understand. Let me confide something.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>I grew a lot of yeast and bacteria in my college lab. Between raising and killing these living organisms, I explored and shaped them, tinkering with their DNA to make them glow, resist an antibiotic or digest a new nutrient.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Yet when the \u003ca href=\"http://blogs.sciencemag.org/pipeline/archives/2010/10/07/more_on_garage_biotech\" target=\"_blank\">DIY bio\u003c/a> phenomenon \u003ca href=\"https://www.wired.com/2011/08/mf_diylab/\" target=\"_blank\">burst\u003c/a> into the \u003ca href=\"http://www.nature.com/news/2010/101006/full/467650a.html\" target=\"_blank\">popular \u003c/a>science \u003ca href=\"http://www.nytimes.com/2012/01/17/science/for-bio-hackers-lab-work-often-begins-at-home.html\" target=\"_blank\">press\u003c/a> a couple of years ago, my first thought was: Should they be \u003cem>allowed \u003c/em>to do this? What if they create a dangerous pathogen and launch a deadly epidemic? Pretty much what all the media started imagining. In 2009 the Wall Street Journal ran the hair-raising headline \"\u003ca href=\"http://www.wsj.com/news/articles/SB124207326903607931\" target=\"_blank\">In Attics and Closets, 'Biohackers' Discover Their Inner Frankenstein\u003c/a>.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Offerings from just this year include:\u003c/p>\n\u003cul>\n\u003cli>\u003ca href=\"http://fusion.net/story/285454/diy-crispr-biohackers-garage-labs/\" target=\"_blank\">Inside the Garage Labs of DIY Gene Hackers, Whose Hobby May Terrify You\u003c/a> (Fusion)\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>\u003ca href=\"https://motherboard.vice.com/read/accessible-synthetic-biology-raises-new-concerns-for-diy-biological-warfare\" target=\"_blank\">Accessible Synthetic Biology Raises New Concerns for DIY Biological Warfare\u003c/a> (Motherboard)\u003c/li>\n\u003c/ul>\n\u003cp>\"People seem to think that we're not concerned about safety,\" says \u003ca href=\"https://www.linkedin.com/in/eharness\" target=\"_blank\">Eric Harness\u003c/a>, director of lab operations and safety at \u003ca href=\"http://biocurious.org/about/\" target=\"_blank\">BioCurious\u003c/a>, a community lab in Sunnyvale.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>I'd found Harness at a conference in Oakland billed as \u003ca href=\"http://biohacktheplanet.com/\" target=\"_blank\">BioHACK THE PLANET\u003c/a>, and told him my editor and I were particularly intrigued by a portion of Sunday's \u003ca href=\"http://biohacktheplanet.com/schedule/\" target=\"_blank\">program\u003c/a> titled \"Bad things happen - are you prepared?\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Harness was unsurprised. That's what every member of the press wants to talk about, he said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>As it turns out, the subject is far less juicy than you might expect.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>According to a 2013 survey titled \"\u003ca href=\"http://www.synbioproject.org/publications/6676/\" target=\"_blank\">Seven Myths and Realities about Do-It-Yourself Biology\u003c/a>\" by the \u003ca href=\"http://www.synbioproject.org/events/archive/6673/\" target=\"_blank\">Woodrow Wilson International Center for Scholars\u003c/a> in Washington, D. C., the vast majority of DIYers work with non-toxic, non-harmful organisms approved for biosafety level 1 research. Just like a high school lab.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Rather than working anonymously and solitarily, the report finds, DIYers overwhelmingly use group lab space. Many are still learning the basics of biology and don't have knowledge or tools of an advanced virologist. More importantly, lab directors keep an eye on all materials purchased, brought in, and removed from the lab, providing an obstacle to anyone trying to do secret nefarious \"\u003cspan class=\"s1\">Frankensteinian\" \u003c/span>work.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Granted, it would be naive to suggest something \u003cem>couldn't\u003c/em> go wrong. A workshop in August held by the \u003ca href=\"https://cgsr.llnl.gov/\" target=\"_blank\">Center for Global Security Research\u003c/a> concluded that self regulation of community labs is working well so far, while also acknowledging that probability of an \"unfortunate incident\" increases as the DIY bio community continues to grow. (\u003ca href=\"https://cgsr.llnl.gov/content/assets/docs/Independent_Biotechnology_Workshop_SummaryNOV2016.pdf\" target=\"_blank\">Read the workshop report.\u003c/a>)\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>One idea under consideration is the creation of a \"soft\" safety licensing program for unaffiliated researchers, similar to amateur radio FCC licensing. Another recommendation from the workshop is that DIY labs create a code of conduct and establish relationships with local fire departments, public health officials and law enforcement.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Independent experimenters, working in their garages and kitchens, seem to trigger the greatest fears. And while these DIY-ers may fly under the radar (no one can control what you do in you garage after all), the report suggests we're probably more fearful that we need to be.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"Early narratives created by some writers and opinion-makers presented the notion of a lone 'biohacker' in a garage laboratory surreptitiously working with—or creating—dangerous pathogens,\" says the CGSR report. This is likely a \"greatly exaggerated threat\" the authors conclude, as it generally assumes amateurs in home labs can do what cannot yet be done by professional biologists in institutional settings.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Creativity, Unleashed \u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Patrik D'haeseleer, self-described \"cat herder\" at \u003ca href=\"https://counterculturelabs.org/\" target=\"_blank\">Counter Culture Labs\u003c/a>, works a day job as a computational scientist at Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"I've worked my whole career side by side with experimental biologists and I've always regretted not having the chance to build up that side of the skills as well,\" he told me. \"So when I first heard about DIY bio I jumped on that. It's liberating. It's really energized my own career, because it opens up a field of creativity where I can just play around with things and try things out in the lab.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>If he gets a cool idea on Saturday he might be working on it come Monday. In his professional career, he says by contrast, \"at a very minimum it would be at least a year before we can actually work on it.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>DIY biologists are currently working on such cool ideas as \u003ca href=\"https://wiki.realvegancheese.org/index.php/Real_Vegan_Cheese\" target=\"_blank\">'real vegan cheese'\u003c/a> by coaxing baker's yeast into expressing milk protein. Someone is at work on an \u003ca href=\"https://techcrunch.com/2016/09/21/pharma-hackers-create-a-diy-epipen-the-epipencil/\" target=\"_blank\">EpiPencil\u003c/a>, which would cost $30, instead of the hundreds charged for an EpiPen. Others are working to develop more affordable generic medical treatments, such as \u003ca href=\"https://experiment.com/projects/open-insulin\" target=\"_blank\">insulin\u003c/a> for diabetics, or \u003ca href=\"http://maggic.ooo/Open-Source-Estrogen-2015\" target=\"_blank\">estrogen\u003c/a> for trans women. (Before reaching the market, these products would require normal regulatory approval.)\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Eri Gentry, co-founder and president of \u003ca href=\"http://biocurious.org/about/\" target=\"_blank\">BioCurious\u003c/a> (she works a day job at \u003ca href=\"http://www.iftf.org/erigentry/\" target=\"_blank\">Institute for the Future\u003c/a> too), says she sees a current lack of investment in basic research and development. Her hope is \u003cspan class=\"s1\">to make biological research accessible to more people, broaden the playing field and spur more innovation.\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"I'm hoping that we'll see more solutions for mankind,\" Gentry says.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[youtube https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=eh6I7IXiEVM]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Biotech will be the technology of this century D'haeseleer says. \"It's going to affect our lives just as much or more as computers have.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>D'haeseleer points to \u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/futureofyou/2016/04/29/how-a-new-crisprcas9-technique-may-get-us-closer-to-curing-genetic-diseases/\">CRISPR, a gene-editing technique\u003c/a> which has raised both widespread hope and alarms.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"To me, it's just a better screwdriver,\" D'haeseleer says. \"There's lots of [good or bad] stuff you could do with a better screwdriver and it's probably those things you should be worried about and not the screwdriver.\"\u003c/p>\n\n",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>It's a truism that we distrust what we don't understand. Let me confide something.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>I grew a lot of yeast and bacteria in my college lab. Between raising and killing these living organisms, I explored and shaped them, tinkering with their DNA to make them glow, resist an antibiotic or digest a new nutrient.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Yet when the \u003ca href=\"http://blogs.sciencemag.org/pipeline/archives/2010/10/07/more_on_garage_biotech\" target=\"_blank\">DIY bio\u003c/a> phenomenon \u003ca href=\"https://www.wired.com/2011/08/mf_diylab/\" target=\"_blank\">burst\u003c/a> into the \u003ca href=\"http://www.nature.com/news/2010/101006/full/467650a.html\" target=\"_blank\">popular \u003c/a>science \u003ca href=\"http://www.nytimes.com/2012/01/17/science/for-bio-hackers-lab-work-often-begins-at-home.html\" target=\"_blank\">press\u003c/a> a couple of years ago, my first thought was: Should they be \u003cem>allowed \u003c/em>to do this? What if they create a dangerous pathogen and launch a deadly epidemic? Pretty much what all the media started imagining. In 2009 the Wall Street Journal ran the hair-raising headline \"\u003ca href=\"http://www.wsj.com/news/articles/SB124207326903607931\" target=\"_blank\">In Attics and Closets, 'Biohackers' Discover Their Inner Frankenstein\u003c/a>.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Offerings from just this year include:\u003c/p>\n\u003cul>\n\u003cli>\u003ca href=\"http://fusion.net/story/285454/diy-crispr-biohackers-garage-labs/\" target=\"_blank\">Inside the Garage Labs of DIY Gene Hackers, Whose Hobby May Terrify You\u003c/a> (Fusion)\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>\u003ca href=\"https://motherboard.vice.com/read/accessible-synthetic-biology-raises-new-concerns-for-diy-biological-warfare\" target=\"_blank\">Accessible Synthetic Biology Raises New Concerns for DIY Biological Warfare\u003c/a> (Motherboard)\u003c/li>\n\u003c/ul>\n\u003cp>\"People seem to think that we're not concerned about safety,\" says \u003ca href=\"https://www.linkedin.com/in/eharness\" target=\"_blank\">Eric Harness\u003c/a>, director of lab operations and safety at \u003ca href=\"http://biocurious.org/about/\" target=\"_blank\">BioCurious\u003c/a>, a community lab in Sunnyvale.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>I'd found Harness at a conference in Oakland billed as \u003ca href=\"http://biohacktheplanet.com/\" target=\"_blank\">BioHACK THE PLANET\u003c/a>, and told him my editor and I were particularly intrigued by a portion of Sunday's \u003ca href=\"http://biohacktheplanet.com/schedule/\" target=\"_blank\">program\u003c/a> titled \"Bad things happen - are you prepared?\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Harness was unsurprised. That's what every member of the press wants to talk about, he said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>As it turns out, the subject is far less juicy than you might expect.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>According to a 2013 survey titled \"\u003ca href=\"http://www.synbioproject.org/publications/6676/\" target=\"_blank\">Seven Myths and Realities about Do-It-Yourself Biology\u003c/a>\" by the \u003ca href=\"http://www.synbioproject.org/events/archive/6673/\" target=\"_blank\">Woodrow Wilson International Center for Scholars\u003c/a> in Washington, D. C., the vast majority of DIYers work with non-toxic, non-harmful organisms approved for biosafety level 1 research. Just like a high school lab.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Rather than working anonymously and solitarily, the report finds, DIYers overwhelmingly use group lab space. Many are still learning the basics of biology and don't have knowledge or tools of an advanced virologist. More importantly, lab directors keep an eye on all materials purchased, brought in, and removed from the lab, providing an obstacle to anyone trying to do secret nefarious \"\u003cspan class=\"s1\">Frankensteinian\" \u003c/span>work.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Granted, it would be naive to suggest something \u003cem>couldn't\u003c/em> go wrong. A workshop in August held by the \u003ca href=\"https://cgsr.llnl.gov/\" target=\"_blank\">Center for Global Security Research\u003c/a> concluded that self regulation of community labs is working well so far, while also acknowledging that probability of an \"unfortunate incident\" increases as the DIY bio community continues to grow. (\u003ca href=\"https://cgsr.llnl.gov/content/assets/docs/Independent_Biotechnology_Workshop_SummaryNOV2016.pdf\" target=\"_blank\">Read the workshop report.\u003c/a>)\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>One idea under consideration is the creation of a \"soft\" safety licensing program for unaffiliated researchers, similar to amateur radio FCC licensing. Another recommendation from the workshop is that DIY labs create a code of conduct and establish relationships with local fire departments, public health officials and law enforcement.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Independent experimenters, working in their garages and kitchens, seem to trigger the greatest fears. And while these DIY-ers may fly under the radar (no one can control what you do in you garage after all), the report suggests we're probably more fearful that we need to be.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"Early narratives created by some writers and opinion-makers presented the notion of a lone 'biohacker' in a garage laboratory surreptitiously working with—or creating—dangerous pathogens,\" says the CGSR report. This is likely a \"greatly exaggerated threat\" the authors conclude, as it generally assumes amateurs in home labs can do what cannot yet be done by professional biologists in institutional settings.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Creativity, Unleashed \u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Patrik D'haeseleer, self-described \"cat herder\" at \u003ca href=\"https://counterculturelabs.org/\" target=\"_blank\">Counter Culture Labs\u003c/a>, works a day job as a computational scientist at Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"I've worked my whole career side by side with experimental biologists and I've always regretted not having the chance to build up that side of the skills as well,\" he told me. \"So when I first heard about DIY bio I jumped on that. It's liberating. It's really energized my own career, because it opens up a field of creativity where I can just play around with things and try things out in the lab.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>If he gets a cool idea on Saturday he might be working on it come Monday. In his professional career, he says by contrast, \"at a very minimum it would be at least a year before we can actually work on it.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>DIY biologists are currently working on such cool ideas as \u003ca href=\"https://wiki.realvegancheese.org/index.php/Real_Vegan_Cheese\" target=\"_blank\">'real vegan cheese'\u003c/a> by coaxing baker's yeast into expressing milk protein. Someone is at work on an \u003ca href=\"https://techcrunch.com/2016/09/21/pharma-hackers-create-a-diy-epipen-the-epipencil/\" target=\"_blank\">EpiPencil\u003c/a>, which would cost $30, instead of the hundreds charged for an EpiPen. Others are working to develop more affordable generic medical treatments, such as \u003ca href=\"https://experiment.com/projects/open-insulin\" target=\"_blank\">insulin\u003c/a> for diabetics, or \u003ca href=\"http://maggic.ooo/Open-Source-Estrogen-2015\" target=\"_blank\">estrogen\u003c/a> for trans women. (Before reaching the market, these products would require normal regulatory approval.)\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Eri Gentry, co-founder and president of \u003ca href=\"http://biocurious.org/about/\" target=\"_blank\">BioCurious\u003c/a> (she works a day job at \u003ca href=\"http://www.iftf.org/erigentry/\" target=\"_blank\">Institute for the Future\u003c/a> too), says she sees a current lack of investment in basic research and development. Her hope is \u003cspan class=\"s1\">to make biological research accessible to more people, broaden the playing field and spur more innovation.\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"I'm hoping that we'll see more solutions for mankind,\" Gentry says.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003cspan class='utils-parseShortcode-shortcodes-__youtubeShortcode__embedYoutube'>\n \u003cspan class='utils-parseShortcode-shortcodes-__youtubeShortcode__embedYoutubeInside'>\n \u003ciframe\n loading='lazy'\n class='utils-parseShortcode-shortcodes-__youtubeShortcode__youtubePlayer'\n type='text/html'\n src='//www.youtube.com/embed/eh6I7IXiEVM'\n title='//www.youtube.com/embed/eh6I7IXiEVM'\n allowfullscreen='true'\n style='border:0;'>\u003c/iframe>\n \u003c/span>\n \u003c/span>\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Biotech will be the technology of this century D'haeseleer says. \"It's going to affect our lives just as much or more as computers have.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>D'haeseleer points to \u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/futureofyou/2016/04/29/how-a-new-crisprcas9-technique-may-get-us-closer-to-curing-genetic-diseases/\">CRISPR, a gene-editing technique\u003c/a> which has raised both widespread hope and alarms.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"To me, it's just a better screwdriver,\" D'haeseleer says. \"There's lots of [good or bad] stuff you could do with a better screwdriver and it's probably those things you should be worried about and not the screwdriver.\"\u003c/p>\n\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>",
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"disqusTitle": "When Placebos Can Actually Help You and When They Can't",
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"content": "\u003cp>Erik Vance didn't go to a doctor until he was 18; he grew up in California in a family that practiced Christian Science. \"For the first half of my life, I never questioned the power of God to heal me,\" Vance writes in his new book, \u003ca href=\"http://suggestibleyou.com/\">Suggestible You\u003c/a>\u003cem>: Placebos, False Memories, Hypnosis, and the Power of Your Astonishing Brain\u003c/em>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>As a young man, Vance left the faith behind, but as he became a science journalist he didn't stop thinking about how people's beliefs and expectations affect their health, whether it's with placebo pills, mystical practices or treatments like acupuncture. The answer, he found, is in our brains.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Erik and I chatted about the book while attending a recent meeting of the National Association of Science Writers. Here are highlights of our conversation, edited for length and clarity.\u003c/p>\n\u003chr>\n\u003ch3>\u003cstrong>Interview Highlights\u003c/strong>\u003c/h3>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>You point out that even though most of us didn't grow up Christian Scientist, we often use belief to manage our health. \u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>I've learned from writing this book that there are a lot of people around the world who really rely on expectation and placebos. And I grew up in the most extreme possible group, but it's not that different from seeing a homeopath. You're using faith to manage your body; what a psychologist would call expectation. Having had that experience really prepared me to ask some of these questions.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>How would your mom take care of you when you were sick?\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>As a kid we might have 7UP with orange juice; we might go that far because it made you feel better. But the treatment was to call a practitioner, to call a healer. Mine was named Lameice; she had the most amazing comforting voice ever. You'd call her up and this voice would say, \"How you doing honey, how you feeling?\" And everything would feel OK. You'd talk about the Bible and you'd talk about the writings of Mary Baker Eddy. The key in all this is the belief that you're actually healthy, and once you're able to see that, it will be manifest. And that in psychological terms is actually more powerful — hoping or asking doesn't have as much power in your brain as thinking it's already happened. It's certainty. And that has a big effect on brain chemicals and how your body responds to those chemicals.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>The idea that the mind affects the body isn't new. How has the science changed to help us understand what's going on? \u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Saying that going to church will lower your blood pressure or lengthen your life a little bit; that's been known. But my question is, what's the mechanism? I actually didn't clue into this until I was at a conference for brain mapping and I saw a name on the speakers list talking about placebos and I recognized him as a Christian Scientist. I thought, wow, what's a Christian Scientist doing talking at a brain conference? Talking about placebos, which I think of as a very medical thing.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Placebo is a connection between the mind and body that can be measured, that can be seen in a brain scan; for the first time we have a tool that we can actually see working.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>We just covered a \u003ca href=\"http://www.npr.org/sections/health-shots/2016/10/27/499475288/is-it-still-a-placebo-when-it-works-and-you-know-its-a-placebo\">study \u003c/a>by Ted Kaptchuk, a professor of medicine at Harvard, that found that even if people know that a placebo was a fake pill, their back pain got better. Is that what you're talking about?\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Yeah, it's called open label. With an earlier, famous study by Kaptchuk, I kind of assumed that they just gave them a form that said placebo somewhere. But then I talked to Ted, and it turns out that the subjects had to tell the researchers they knew it was a placebo. They weren't subtle about it; they were very explicit.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But we're also learning now that people can have a placebo response even if they're unaware of any suggestion that they'll get better or worse; it's part of the unconscious brain. It may be a totally different pathway, but it's a very important part of the whole mix.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>People say, \"I'm not gullible, I don't fall for these things, but echinacea really works.\" The first thing is not true; we're all gullible. And the second thing is, that person probably experienced an unconscious placebo. They think they're way too smart to be fooled. We should just all accept that this is what we do and embrace it. It gives us an honorable way to say, \"This is how it works.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>But placebos don't work for everything. When do they help? \u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Cancer is one good example. Pain, nausea and the symptoms of chemotherapy respond really well to placebo. Tumors do not respond to placebos, as far as we know. So you can endanger your life very easily by taking a placebo when you have a serious disease and don't seek an active treatment.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The actual rules are according to the brain chemical involved, like dopamine, or endogenous opioids. These are internal endorphins that act like morphine, or serotonin, or a bunch of other ones that I don't want to bore you with. Parkinson's disease involves dopamine, so Parkinson's symptoms respond very well to placebos.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>A lot of these chemicals do double duty; dopamine has like 50 different roles in the body, and some of these chemicals respond to each other, they interact with each other, and they respond differently to drugs. That's one reason why it's been so hard to pin down these effects for so long.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>How do the stories we tell factor into healing? \u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Your brain on a very basic level doesn't want to be wrong. It will shift the chemicals involved so it will be right. And we're not scientific creatures; we believe what we believe. The narratives shift to fit the story we want. I think that makes expectation more powerful. When you remember the time you did the acupuncture and immediately everything got better — that can prime your expectation for the next time you go get acupuncture.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>How did you shift your narrative?\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad floatright]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Part of it was probably just juvenile rebellion: I'm a rebel — I'm going to have an Advil. I've literally said that. Then fell in love with biology. And that leads you down the path where you have to get into these medical questions. Rather than being mysterious and scary, I found it to be really fascinating, almost as exciting as God's loving hand cradling you from disease. It didn't feel like a really big shift. It's not like I'm rebelling against anything anymore; it's just that the other thing is pretty cool, and the idea of proving things with logic, it just sort of works. I like my new narrative. And my new narrative is in line with evidence.\u003c/p>\n\u003cdiv class=\"fullattribution\">Copyright 2016 NPR. To see more, visit http://www.npr.org/.\u003cimg src=\"http://www.google-analytics.com/__utm.gif?utmac=UA-5828686-4&utmdt=How+The+Brain+Powers+Placebos%2C+False+Memories+And+Healing&utme=8(APIKey)9(MDAxOTAwOTE4MDEyMTkxMDAzNjczZDljZA004)\">\u003c/div>\n\n",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>Erik Vance didn't go to a doctor until he was 18; he grew up in California in a family that practiced Christian Science. \"For the first half of my life, I never questioned the power of God to heal me,\" Vance writes in his new book, \u003ca href=\"http://suggestibleyou.com/\">Suggestible You\u003c/a>\u003cem>: Placebos, False Memories, Hypnosis, and the Power of Your Astonishing Brain\u003c/em>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>As a young man, Vance left the faith behind, but as he became a science journalist he didn't stop thinking about how people's beliefs and expectations affect their health, whether it's with placebo pills, mystical practices or treatments like acupuncture. The answer, he found, is in our brains.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Erik and I chatted about the book while attending a recent meeting of the National Association of Science Writers. Here are highlights of our conversation, edited for length and clarity.\u003c/p>\n\u003chr>\n\u003ch3>\u003cstrong>Interview Highlights\u003c/strong>\u003c/h3>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>You point out that even though most of us didn't grow up Christian Scientist, we often use belief to manage our health. \u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>I've learned from writing this book that there are a lot of people around the world who really rely on expectation and placebos. And I grew up in the most extreme possible group, but it's not that different from seeing a homeopath. You're using faith to manage your body; what a psychologist would call expectation. Having had that experience really prepared me to ask some of these questions.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>How would your mom take care of you when you were sick?\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>As a kid we might have 7UP with orange juice; we might go that far because it made you feel better. But the treatment was to call a practitioner, to call a healer. Mine was named Lameice; she had the most amazing comforting voice ever. You'd call her up and this voice would say, \"How you doing honey, how you feeling?\" And everything would feel OK. You'd talk about the Bible and you'd talk about the writings of Mary Baker Eddy. The key in all this is the belief that you're actually healthy, and once you're able to see that, it will be manifest. And that in psychological terms is actually more powerful — hoping or asking doesn't have as much power in your brain as thinking it's already happened. It's certainty. And that has a big effect on brain chemicals and how your body responds to those chemicals.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>The idea that the mind affects the body isn't new. How has the science changed to help us understand what's going on? \u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Saying that going to church will lower your blood pressure or lengthen your life a little bit; that's been known. But my question is, what's the mechanism? I actually didn't clue into this until I was at a conference for brain mapping and I saw a name on the speakers list talking about placebos and I recognized him as a Christian Scientist. I thought, wow, what's a Christian Scientist doing talking at a brain conference? Talking about placebos, which I think of as a very medical thing.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Placebo is a connection between the mind and body that can be measured, that can be seen in a brain scan; for the first time we have a tool that we can actually see working.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>We just covered a \u003ca href=\"http://www.npr.org/sections/health-shots/2016/10/27/499475288/is-it-still-a-placebo-when-it-works-and-you-know-its-a-placebo\">study \u003c/a>by Ted Kaptchuk, a professor of medicine at Harvard, that found that even if people know that a placebo was a fake pill, their back pain got better. Is that what you're talking about?\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Yeah, it's called open label. With an earlier, famous study by Kaptchuk, I kind of assumed that they just gave them a form that said placebo somewhere. But then I talked to Ted, and it turns out that the subjects had to tell the researchers they knew it was a placebo. They weren't subtle about it; they were very explicit.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But we're also learning now that people can have a placebo response even if they're unaware of any suggestion that they'll get better or worse; it's part of the unconscious brain. It may be a totally different pathway, but it's a very important part of the whole mix.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>People say, \"I'm not gullible, I don't fall for these things, but echinacea really works.\" The first thing is not true; we're all gullible. And the second thing is, that person probably experienced an unconscious placebo. They think they're way too smart to be fooled. We should just all accept that this is what we do and embrace it. It gives us an honorable way to say, \"This is how it works.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>But placebos don't work for everything. When do they help? \u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Cancer is one good example. Pain, nausea and the symptoms of chemotherapy respond really well to placebo. Tumors do not respond to placebos, as far as we know. So you can endanger your life very easily by taking a placebo when you have a serious disease and don't seek an active treatment.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The actual rules are according to the brain chemical involved, like dopamine, or endogenous opioids. These are internal endorphins that act like morphine, or serotonin, or a bunch of other ones that I don't want to bore you with. Parkinson's disease involves dopamine, so Parkinson's symptoms respond very well to placebos.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>A lot of these chemicals do double duty; dopamine has like 50 different roles in the body, and some of these chemicals respond to each other, they interact with each other, and they respond differently to drugs. That's one reason why it's been so hard to pin down these effects for so long.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>How do the stories we tell factor into healing? \u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Your brain on a very basic level doesn't want to be wrong. It will shift the chemicals involved so it will be right. And we're not scientific creatures; we believe what we believe. The narratives shift to fit the story we want. I think that makes expectation more powerful. When you remember the time you did the acupuncture and immediately everything got better — that can prime your expectation for the next time you go get acupuncture.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>How did you shift your narrative?\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cp>Would you trust your smartphone to guide your drinking habits?\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_267154\" class=\"wp-caption alignright\" style=\"max-width: 640px\">\u003cimg class=\"wp-image-267154 size-large\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/futureofyou/wp-content/uploads/sites/13/2016/10/screenshot_2016-10-03-10-41-28_custom-4ed1d77360493ba415f3dcba3495947ecacc4b82-1020x1568.png\" alt=\"Checkup & Choices screenshot.\" width=\"640\" height=\"984\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/13/2016/10/screenshot_2016-10-03-10-41-28_custom-4ed1d77360493ba415f3dcba3495947ecacc4b82-1020x1568.png 1020w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/13/2016/10/screenshot_2016-10-03-10-41-28_custom-4ed1d77360493ba415f3dcba3495947ecacc4b82-160x246.png 160w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/13/2016/10/screenshot_2016-10-03-10-41-28_custom-4ed1d77360493ba415f3dcba3495947ecacc4b82-800x1230.png 800w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/13/2016/10/screenshot_2016-10-03-10-41-28_custom-4ed1d77360493ba415f3dcba3495947ecacc4b82-768x1181.png 768w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/13/2016/10/screenshot_2016-10-03-10-41-28_custom-4ed1d77360493ba415f3dcba3495947ecacc4b82-1180x1814.png 1180w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/13/2016/10/screenshot_2016-10-03-10-41-28_custom-4ed1d77360493ba415f3dcba3495947ecacc4b82-960x1476.png 960w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/13/2016/10/screenshot_2016-10-03-10-41-28_custom-4ed1d77360493ba415f3dcba3495947ecacc4b82-240x369.png 240w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/13/2016/10/screenshot_2016-10-03-10-41-28_custom-4ed1d77360493ba415f3dcba3495947ecacc4b82-375x577.png 375w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/13/2016/10/screenshot_2016-10-03-10-41-28_custom-4ed1d77360493ba415f3dcba3495947ecacc4b82-520x800.png 520w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/13/2016/10/screenshot_2016-10-03-10-41-28_custom-4ed1d77360493ba415f3dcba3495947ecacc4b82.png 1438w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 640px) 100vw, 640px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Checkup & Choices screenshot.\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>A lot of people are doing just that. With many of us glued to our digital devices for much of the day, web developers and medical researchers are taking note of the potential for harnessing our phones, tablets and laptops as tools to moderate drinking, or stay sober after quitting booze.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Web-based drink tracking and alcohol control programs have mushroomed in recent years, ranging from the whimsically named \u003ca href=\"http://abcnews.go.com/Technology/AheadoftheCurve/buzzed-iphone-app/story?id=9456433\" target=\"_blank\">R-U-Buzzed?\u003c/a> app for iPhone (which claims to calculate when you're too buzzed to drive) to the University of Wisconsin's \u003ca href=\"http://archpsyc.jamanetwork.com/article.aspx?articleid=1847578\" target=\"_blank\">A-CHESS\u003c/a> addiction recovery app (which, among other things\u003cem>)\u003c/em>, uses your phone's GPS to warn you when a bar is nearby). Others send motivational text messages to promote abstinence, and still more count your drinks and calculate your risk.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Take for example \u003ca href=\"http://checkupandchoices.com/\" target=\"_blank\">Checkup and Choices\u003c/a>, an online drink tracking program developed by Reid Hester, a clinical psychologist based in New Mexico.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The program gauges users' habits and risk of health problems with a confidential survey, then directs them to a smartphone-friendly website where you can record your drinks, your mood while drinking, and your urges. Afterward, you're left with some objective data to help you assess your habits.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"People can and do change their drinking all the time,\" Hester says. \"It's a matter of being willing to take a close look at your drinking, getting some objective feedback, really thinking about it, and then deciding what, if anything, you're going to do. Many, many people change their drinking on their own, but they need a catalyst to trigger that process.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Finding the R\u003c/strong>\u003cstrong>ight Fit\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Hester developed his approach after years of research and clinical trials. It's \u003ca href=\"http://nrepp.samhsa.gov/ProgramProfile.aspx?id=91\" target=\"_blank\">listed as an evidence-based program\u003c/a> by the Substance Abuse and Mental Health Services Administration — something \u003ca href=\"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4897297/\" target=\"_blank\">not a lot of the apps and websites\u003c/a> out there can say.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"There are also many web applications and phone apps that have no evidence whatsoever of effectiveness,\" Hester says. \"I just think that's immoral and unethical.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But how is a consumer to know?\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Kimberly Johnson, who directs SAMHSA's Center For Substance Abuse Treatment, says it takes a lot of research on the part of the customer to find out if the app they're about to download is any good.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"Unless the people that developed it put in their description that it was tested in a randomized trial,\" she says, \"there isn't really anything on the app store that says that.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The bigger question, Johnson says, is what people are looking for in a treatment situation. There is no one-size-fits-all approach. For some people a communal setting like Alcoholics Anonymous is most effective; others need a one-on-one relationship with a therapist.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"If you're seeking empathy and rapport from another person, a computer probably isn't going to give you that,\" Johnson said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But Web-based programs do have their advantages. For one, research has shown that people may be \u003ca href=\"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3908712/\" target=\"_blank\">more honest\u003c/a> about their alcohol consumption when they're using a computer. The lack of interpersonal interaction takes away the incentive to fib about your drinking habits, which can lead to a more accurate assessment.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Cost of Access\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Using the Internet to tackle your drinking problem has another plus: You don't have to drive to the doctor's office or the group meeting. That\u003cstrong> \u003c/strong>can be big, because -- \u003ca href=\"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/16989328\" target=\"_blank\">especially for people with lower incomes or who live in rural communities\u003c/a> -- just getting to your appointment can be a major hurdle.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"The No. 1 thing we get asked for help with is transportation issues,\" said Caitlin Donovan, spokeswoman for the National Patient Advocate Foundation. \"People can't get to their doctor because it's too far away or it would take too much time to get there. It's a big problem.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But the people who might benefit most from the convenience of apps and websites often face the biggest challenges in accessing them.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The challenges are manifold, starting with affordability of phone data or Internet access and the quality of coverage, which can be unreliable in some city neighborhoods and even worse in rural areas. And, of course, you have to own a smartphone or a computer to use the programs.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>If you're able to get past those issues, there's still the problem of cost: Well-researched, medically sound programs can take a lot of money to set up and maintain, which means they're likely to charge fees for use.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>That's what happened with Hester's program. He initially tried to offer it for free, relying on donations instead of charging fees. But maintaining the site was too expensive, even after the research was done. \"We weren't even keeping the lights on from the donations,\" he says, \"so we had to go back to a paid model.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Donovan says the costs do risk keeping the programs that actually work out of reach for people living below the poverty line: \"Unless you're talking about 99 cents, it's probably going to be a barrier for a lot of people.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Even if the right program for you isn't out there today, there are many more options on the horizon. \"Health care in general, and treatment specifically, are increasingly moving online,\" says Johnson of SAMHSA. That leaves a lot of room for innovation.\u003c/p>\n\u003cdiv class=\"fullattribution\">Copyright 2016 KUNM-FM. To see more, visit \u003ca href=\"http://kunm.org\">KUNM-FM\u003c/a>.\u003cimg src=\"http://www.google-analytics.com/__utm.gif?utmac=UA-5828686-4&utmdt=Navigating+The+World+Of+Apps+That+Claim+To+Fix+Your+Drinking+Problem&utme=8(APIKey)9(MDAxOTAwOTE4MDEyMTkxMDAzNjczZDljZA004)\">\u003c/div>\n\n",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>Would you trust your smartphone to guide your drinking habits?\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_267154\" class=\"wp-caption alignright\" style=\"max-width: 640px\">\u003cimg class=\"wp-image-267154 size-large\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/futureofyou/wp-content/uploads/sites/13/2016/10/screenshot_2016-10-03-10-41-28_custom-4ed1d77360493ba415f3dcba3495947ecacc4b82-1020x1568.png\" alt=\"Checkup & Choices screenshot.\" width=\"640\" height=\"984\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/13/2016/10/screenshot_2016-10-03-10-41-28_custom-4ed1d77360493ba415f3dcba3495947ecacc4b82-1020x1568.png 1020w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/13/2016/10/screenshot_2016-10-03-10-41-28_custom-4ed1d77360493ba415f3dcba3495947ecacc4b82-160x246.png 160w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/13/2016/10/screenshot_2016-10-03-10-41-28_custom-4ed1d77360493ba415f3dcba3495947ecacc4b82-800x1230.png 800w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/13/2016/10/screenshot_2016-10-03-10-41-28_custom-4ed1d77360493ba415f3dcba3495947ecacc4b82-768x1181.png 768w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/13/2016/10/screenshot_2016-10-03-10-41-28_custom-4ed1d77360493ba415f3dcba3495947ecacc4b82-1180x1814.png 1180w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/13/2016/10/screenshot_2016-10-03-10-41-28_custom-4ed1d77360493ba415f3dcba3495947ecacc4b82-960x1476.png 960w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/13/2016/10/screenshot_2016-10-03-10-41-28_custom-4ed1d77360493ba415f3dcba3495947ecacc4b82-240x369.png 240w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/13/2016/10/screenshot_2016-10-03-10-41-28_custom-4ed1d77360493ba415f3dcba3495947ecacc4b82-375x577.png 375w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/13/2016/10/screenshot_2016-10-03-10-41-28_custom-4ed1d77360493ba415f3dcba3495947ecacc4b82-520x800.png 520w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/13/2016/10/screenshot_2016-10-03-10-41-28_custom-4ed1d77360493ba415f3dcba3495947ecacc4b82.png 1438w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 640px) 100vw, 640px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Checkup & Choices screenshot.\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>A lot of people are doing just that. With many of us glued to our digital devices for much of the day, web developers and medical researchers are taking note of the potential for harnessing our phones, tablets and laptops as tools to moderate drinking, or stay sober after quitting booze.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Web-based drink tracking and alcohol control programs have mushroomed in recent years, ranging from the whimsically named \u003ca href=\"http://abcnews.go.com/Technology/AheadoftheCurve/buzzed-iphone-app/story?id=9456433\" target=\"_blank\">R-U-Buzzed?\u003c/a> app for iPhone (which claims to calculate when you're too buzzed to drive) to the University of Wisconsin's \u003ca href=\"http://archpsyc.jamanetwork.com/article.aspx?articleid=1847578\" target=\"_blank\">A-CHESS\u003c/a> addiction recovery app (which, among other things\u003cem>)\u003c/em>, uses your phone's GPS to warn you when a bar is nearby). Others send motivational text messages to promote abstinence, and still more count your drinks and calculate your risk.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Take for example \u003ca href=\"http://checkupandchoices.com/\" target=\"_blank\">Checkup and Choices\u003c/a>, an online drink tracking program developed by Reid Hester, a clinical psychologist based in New Mexico.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The program gauges users' habits and risk of health problems with a confidential survey, then directs them to a smartphone-friendly website where you can record your drinks, your mood while drinking, and your urges. Afterward, you're left with some objective data to help you assess your habits.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"People can and do change their drinking all the time,\" Hester says. \"It's a matter of being willing to take a close look at your drinking, getting some objective feedback, really thinking about it, and then deciding what, if anything, you're going to do. Many, many people change their drinking on their own, but they need a catalyst to trigger that process.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Finding the R\u003c/strong>\u003cstrong>ight Fit\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Hester developed his approach after years of research and clinical trials. It's \u003ca href=\"http://nrepp.samhsa.gov/ProgramProfile.aspx?id=91\" target=\"_blank\">listed as an evidence-based program\u003c/a> by the Substance Abuse and Mental Health Services Administration — something \u003ca href=\"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4897297/\" target=\"_blank\">not a lot of the apps and websites\u003c/a> out there can say.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"There are also many web applications and phone apps that have no evidence whatsoever of effectiveness,\" Hester says. \"I just think that's immoral and unethical.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But how is a consumer to know?\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Kimberly Johnson, who directs SAMHSA's Center For Substance Abuse Treatment, says it takes a lot of research on the part of the customer to find out if the app they're about to download is any good.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"Unless the people that developed it put in their description that it was tested in a randomized trial,\" she says, \"there isn't really anything on the app store that says that.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The bigger question, Johnson says, is what people are looking for in a treatment situation. There is no one-size-fits-all approach. For some people a communal setting like Alcoholics Anonymous is most effective; others need a one-on-one relationship with a therapist.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"If you're seeking empathy and rapport from another person, a computer probably isn't going to give you that,\" Johnson said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But Web-based programs do have their advantages. For one, research has shown that people may be \u003ca href=\"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3908712/\" target=\"_blank\">more honest\u003c/a> about their alcohol consumption when they're using a computer. The lack of interpersonal interaction takes away the incentive to fib about your drinking habits, which can lead to a more accurate assessment.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Cost of Access\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Using the Internet to tackle your drinking problem has another plus: You don't have to drive to the doctor's office or the group meeting. That\u003cstrong> \u003c/strong>can be big, because -- \u003ca href=\"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/16989328\" target=\"_blank\">especially for people with lower incomes or who live in rural communities\u003c/a> -- just getting to your appointment can be a major hurdle.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"The No. 1 thing we get asked for help with is transportation issues,\" said Caitlin Donovan, spokeswoman for the National Patient Advocate Foundation. \"People can't get to their doctor because it's too far away or it would take too much time to get there. It's a big problem.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But the people who might benefit most from the convenience of apps and websites often face the biggest challenges in accessing them.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The challenges are manifold, starting with affordability of phone data or Internet access and the quality of coverage, which can be unreliable in some city neighborhoods and even worse in rural areas. And, of course, you have to own a smartphone or a computer to use the programs.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>If you're able to get past those issues, there's still the problem of cost: Well-researched, medically sound programs can take a lot of money to set up and maintain, which means they're likely to charge fees for use.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>That's what happened with Hester's program. He initially tried to offer it for free, relying on donations instead of charging fees. But maintaining the site was too expensive, even after the research was done. \"We weren't even keeping the lights on from the donations,\" he says, \"so we had to go back to a paid model.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Donovan says the costs do risk keeping the programs that actually work out of reach for people living below the poverty line: \"Unless you're talking about 99 cents, it's probably going to be a barrier for a lot of people.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Even if the right program for you isn't out there today, there are many more options on the horizon. \"Health care in general, and treatment specifically, are increasingly moving online,\" says Johnson of SAMHSA. That leaves a lot of room for innovation.\u003c/p>\n\u003cdiv class=\"fullattribution\">Copyright 2016 KUNM-FM. To see more, visit \u003ca href=\"http://kunm.org\">KUNM-FM\u003c/a>.\u003cimg src=\"http://www.google-analytics.com/__utm.gif?utmac=UA-5828686-4&utmdt=Navigating+The+World+Of+Apps+That+Claim+To+Fix+Your+Drinking+Problem&utme=8(APIKey)9(MDAxOTAwOTE4MDEyMTkxMDAzNjczZDljZA004)\">\u003c/div>\n\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>",
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"disqusTitle": "How Reliable Are Smartphones and Wearables for Monitoring Your Heart?",
"title": "How Reliable Are Smartphones and Wearables for Monitoring Your Heart?",
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"content": "\u003cp>Digital gizmos can monitor your heart, whether it's a wrist-worn fitness tracker or a smartphone app to help cardiologists analyze diagnostic tests. The question is whether they're going to do your heart any good. The short answer: It depends.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>One thing to consider is whether the device is a consumer fitness monitor for tracking heart rate, or if it's a medical device approved by the Food and Drug Administration for detecting potentially dangerous heart rhythm irregularities.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>First, the fitness monitors. Wrist-worn fitness trackers become less accurate with more vigorous exercise, which presumably is when you'd most want to know your heart rate. The \u003ca href=\"http://jamanetwork.com/journals/jamacardiology/article-abstract/2566167\">study\u003c/a>, published Wednesday in \u003cem>JAMA Cardiology,\u003c/em> tested the Apple Watch, Fitbit Charge HR, Basis Peak and Mio Alpha wristbands.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"We have patients come in who have different kinds of monitors like these. Many of them are very concerned because they've recorded values that seem way outside of the normal range,\" \u003ca href=\"http://my.clevelandclinic.org/staff_directory/staff_display?doctorid=2350\">says Dr. Marc Gillinov\u003c/a>, a cardiac surgeon at the Cleveland Clinic and an author on the study. The study was designed to find out whether those readings are accurate.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Overall, the Apple Watch and Mio Fuse did best, with about 91 percent accuracy. The others fell in the 80 percent accuracy range, both overestimating and underestimating wearers' heart rates.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>For most people, errors like these aren't a big deal, says Gillinov. But for elite athletes and cardiac patients who try to keep their heart rates in certain ranges, these devices might not be the best choice.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"For those groups, I'd recommend medical-quality chest-strap monitors,\" says Gillinov, adding that he doesn't think that inaccurate heart rate monitors are dangerous, just that they might not be useful.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Part of the problem is how they work, he explained.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>If you've ever been in a hospital, you might have had a little plastic clip attached to your big toe (or your ear, or your finger). Those are pulse oximeters — they measure heart rate and oxygen content by shining a light through your skin. Different amounts of light bounce back depending on how much blood is flowing. By measuring changes in reflected light, pulse oximeters can track how fast your heart is beating. Hospital pulse oximeters are wrong all the time. \"We often have to move the monitors around because we lose the signal,\" says Gillinov.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The heart rate monitors in Fitbits and Apple Watches work the same way, except they shine the light through your wrist. If you have dark skin, a tattoo or a birthmark where the monitor sits, Gillinov says that can confuse the monitor.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>This isn't the first time wrist-born heart rate monitors have been called inaccurate. A \u003ca href=\"http://www.lieffcabraser.com/defect/fitbit-heart-monitor/\">class-action lawsuit\u003c/a> filed against Fitbit in early 2016 claimed just that.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In a statement provided to NPR, Fitbit says that \"Fitbit trackers are not intended to be medical devices\" and that internal research shows that their trackers meet \"industry standard expectations for optical heart rate on the wrist.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But there are growing numbers of heart-monitoring apps that are intended to be used as medical devices, which unlike fitness trackers have to be approved by the FDA. Some are designed for home use, while others are for health care providers.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Screening for atrial fibrillation has gotten a lot of attention, because this irregular heartbeat can cause blood clots, parts of which can break off and move to the brain, causing stroke. Patients with atrial fibrillation are \u003ca href=\"http://www.ninds.nih.gov/disorders/atrial_fibrillation_and_stroke/atrial_fibrillation_and_stroke.htm\">five times more likely\u003c/a> to have strokes, and it affects \u003ca href=\"http://www.cdc.gov/dhdsp/data_statistics/fact_sheets/fs_atrial_fibrillation.htm\">9 percent of people over 65\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>It's possible to be experiencing \u003ca href=\"https://medlineplus.gov/atrialfibrillation.html\">atrial fibrillation\u003c/a> and not know it. Since this condition can come and go, there's no guarantee that doctors will catch the errant heartbeats. Right now, the only way to detect it is with an electrocardiogram, or EKG, which involves visiting a medical professional and using a machine to monitor the heart's electric signals.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>One iPhone app, called \u003ca href=\"http://www.cardiio.com/\">Cardiio Rhythm\u003c/a>, monitors the heart using a phone's camera. The concept is similar to a pulse oximeter or wrist wearable. Researchers used this phone-based device to detect atrial fibrillation. \u003ca href=\"http://jaha.ahajournals.org/content/5/7/e003428.full\">In a study\u003c/a> published in July in the \u003cem>Journal of the American Heart Association\u003c/em>, researchers used the app to screen a little over 1,000 patients for atrial fibrillation. They caught the erratic heartbeats in 92.9 percent of patients who had it, and correctly identified 97.7 percent of patients who didn't.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>That's not accurate enough to make a diagnosis, but it is accurate enough for widespread at-home screening, says \u003ca href=\"http://eurheartj.oxfordjournals.org/content/37/33/2568.1\">Ben Freedman\u003c/a>, deputy director of cardiovascular strategy at the Heart Research Institute in Sydney, in an \u003ca href=\"http://jaha.ahajournals.org/content/5/7/e004000.full\">editorial\u003c/a> accompanying the study. The app could tell people if they were at risk, but confirmation would have to come from a doctor's office.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Another device, called \u003ca href=\"https://www.alivecor.com/en/\">AliveCor\u003c/a>, scans for atrial fibrillation using a small handheld EKG. The AliveCor EKG can connect to a smartphone and analyze heart rhythm. A \u003ca href=\"http://heart.bmj.com/content/early/2016/08/26/heartjnl-2016-309993\">study\u003c/a> published Wednesday in \u003cem>Heart\u003c/em> trained 13,122 participants to use the AliveCor EKG on themselves. Only 0.4 percent of their results could not be interpreted, and they caught 98 percent of atrial fibrillation cases in participants over 60. However, it had a high rate of false positives and only correctly identified 29.2 percent of those without atrial fibrillation.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"Our study found that a significant number of citizens with previously undiagnosed atrial fibrillation were picked up by community screening,\" says \u003ca href=\"http://www.hrsonline.org/Membership/Member-Spotlight/Ngai-Yin-Chan\">Dr. Ngai-Yin Chan\u003c/a>, a cardiologist at Princess Margaret Hospital in Hong Kong and the lead author on the study. People with atrial fibrillation can be prescribed blood thinners to reduce the risk of clots, and beta blockers or other medications to slow heart rate. \"Whether this will be translated into people seeking medical help needs to be answered by future studies.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>A cardiologist and director of the Ahmanson-UCLA Cardiomyopathy Center, \u003ca href=\"https://www.uclahealth.org/body.cfm?id=10&action=detail&ref=24&fr=true\">Dr. Gregg Fonarow\u003c/a>, hopes that technologies like this will help identify atrial fibrillation early on and reduce the risk of stroke. \"These applications can change the way cardiologists treat atrial fibrillation and prescribe better drug protocols,\" he told NPR via email.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But we're not there yet. Gillinov, the author of the fitness-tracker accuracy study, deals with a lot of atrial fibrillation patients in his work as a cardiac surgeon. He thinks that self-screening could save a lot of lives, but that it's important doctors be included in the process.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Plus, he says, not everyone should be screened for atrial fibrillation. \"If young people start screening themselves, we're going to see a lot of false positives, even with very accurate devices.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad floatright]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The American Heart Association plans to release a policy statement on telehealth, including at-home heart monitoring, sometime in the next six months.\u003c/p>\n\u003cdiv class=\"fullattribution\">Copyright 2016 NPR. To see more, visit http://www.npr.org/.\u003cimg src=\"http://www.google-analytics.com/__utm.gif?utmac=UA-5828686-4&utmdt=You+Can+Monitor+Heart+Rhythm+With+A+Smartphone%2C+But+Should+You%3F+&utme=8(APIKey)9(MDAxOTAwOTE4MDEyMTkxMDAzNjczZDljZA004)\">\u003c/div>\n\n",
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"excerpt": "Smartphones and wearables can be used to test for atrial fibrillation, an irregular heart rhythm that can cause strokes. But it's still not clear who should use this emerging technology.",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>Digital gizmos can monitor your heart, whether it's a wrist-worn fitness tracker or a smartphone app to help cardiologists analyze diagnostic tests. The question is whether they're going to do your heart any good. The short answer: It depends.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>One thing to consider is whether the device is a consumer fitness monitor for tracking heart rate, or if it's a medical device approved by the Food and Drug Administration for detecting potentially dangerous heart rhythm irregularities.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>First, the fitness monitors. Wrist-worn fitness trackers become less accurate with more vigorous exercise, which presumably is when you'd most want to know your heart rate. The \u003ca href=\"http://jamanetwork.com/journals/jamacardiology/article-abstract/2566167\">study\u003c/a>, published Wednesday in \u003cem>JAMA Cardiology,\u003c/em> tested the Apple Watch, Fitbit Charge HR, Basis Peak and Mio Alpha wristbands.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"We have patients come in who have different kinds of monitors like these. Many of them are very concerned because they've recorded values that seem way outside of the normal range,\" \u003ca href=\"http://my.clevelandclinic.org/staff_directory/staff_display?doctorid=2350\">says Dr. Marc Gillinov\u003c/a>, a cardiac surgeon at the Cleveland Clinic and an author on the study. The study was designed to find out whether those readings are accurate.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Overall, the Apple Watch and Mio Fuse did best, with about 91 percent accuracy. The others fell in the 80 percent accuracy range, both overestimating and underestimating wearers' heart rates.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>For most people, errors like these aren't a big deal, says Gillinov. But for elite athletes and cardiac patients who try to keep their heart rates in certain ranges, these devices might not be the best choice.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"For those groups, I'd recommend medical-quality chest-strap monitors,\" says Gillinov, adding that he doesn't think that inaccurate heart rate monitors are dangerous, just that they might not be useful.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Part of the problem is how they work, he explained.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>If you've ever been in a hospital, you might have had a little plastic clip attached to your big toe (or your ear, or your finger). Those are pulse oximeters — they measure heart rate and oxygen content by shining a light through your skin. Different amounts of light bounce back depending on how much blood is flowing. By measuring changes in reflected light, pulse oximeters can track how fast your heart is beating. Hospital pulse oximeters are wrong all the time. \"We often have to move the monitors around because we lose the signal,\" says Gillinov.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The heart rate monitors in Fitbits and Apple Watches work the same way, except they shine the light through your wrist. If you have dark skin, a tattoo or a birthmark where the monitor sits, Gillinov says that can confuse the monitor.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>This isn't the first time wrist-born heart rate monitors have been called inaccurate. A \u003ca href=\"http://www.lieffcabraser.com/defect/fitbit-heart-monitor/\">class-action lawsuit\u003c/a> filed against Fitbit in early 2016 claimed just that.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In a statement provided to NPR, Fitbit says that \"Fitbit trackers are not intended to be medical devices\" and that internal research shows that their trackers meet \"industry standard expectations for optical heart rate on the wrist.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But there are growing numbers of heart-monitoring apps that are intended to be used as medical devices, which unlike fitness trackers have to be approved by the FDA. Some are designed for home use, while others are for health care providers.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Screening for atrial fibrillation has gotten a lot of attention, because this irregular heartbeat can cause blood clots, parts of which can break off and move to the brain, causing stroke. Patients with atrial fibrillation are \u003ca href=\"http://www.ninds.nih.gov/disorders/atrial_fibrillation_and_stroke/atrial_fibrillation_and_stroke.htm\">five times more likely\u003c/a> to have strokes, and it affects \u003ca href=\"http://www.cdc.gov/dhdsp/data_statistics/fact_sheets/fs_atrial_fibrillation.htm\">9 percent of people over 65\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>It's possible to be experiencing \u003ca href=\"https://medlineplus.gov/atrialfibrillation.html\">atrial fibrillation\u003c/a> and not know it. Since this condition can come and go, there's no guarantee that doctors will catch the errant heartbeats. Right now, the only way to detect it is with an electrocardiogram, or EKG, which involves visiting a medical professional and using a machine to monitor the heart's electric signals.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>One iPhone app, called \u003ca href=\"http://www.cardiio.com/\">Cardiio Rhythm\u003c/a>, monitors the heart using a phone's camera. The concept is similar to a pulse oximeter or wrist wearable. Researchers used this phone-based device to detect atrial fibrillation. \u003ca href=\"http://jaha.ahajournals.org/content/5/7/e003428.full\">In a study\u003c/a> published in July in the \u003cem>Journal of the American Heart Association\u003c/em>, researchers used the app to screen a little over 1,000 patients for atrial fibrillation. They caught the erratic heartbeats in 92.9 percent of patients who had it, and correctly identified 97.7 percent of patients who didn't.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>That's not accurate enough to make a diagnosis, but it is accurate enough for widespread at-home screening, says \u003ca href=\"http://eurheartj.oxfordjournals.org/content/37/33/2568.1\">Ben Freedman\u003c/a>, deputy director of cardiovascular strategy at the Heart Research Institute in Sydney, in an \u003ca href=\"http://jaha.ahajournals.org/content/5/7/e004000.full\">editorial\u003c/a> accompanying the study. The app could tell people if they were at risk, but confirmation would have to come from a doctor's office.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Another device, called \u003ca href=\"https://www.alivecor.com/en/\">AliveCor\u003c/a>, scans for atrial fibrillation using a small handheld EKG. The AliveCor EKG can connect to a smartphone and analyze heart rhythm. A \u003ca href=\"http://heart.bmj.com/content/early/2016/08/26/heartjnl-2016-309993\">study\u003c/a> published Wednesday in \u003cem>Heart\u003c/em> trained 13,122 participants to use the AliveCor EKG on themselves. Only 0.4 percent of their results could not be interpreted, and they caught 98 percent of atrial fibrillation cases in participants over 60. However, it had a high rate of false positives and only correctly identified 29.2 percent of those without atrial fibrillation.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"Our study found that a significant number of citizens with previously undiagnosed atrial fibrillation were picked up by community screening,\" says \u003ca href=\"http://www.hrsonline.org/Membership/Member-Spotlight/Ngai-Yin-Chan\">Dr. Ngai-Yin Chan\u003c/a>, a cardiologist at Princess Margaret Hospital in Hong Kong and the lead author on the study. People with atrial fibrillation can be prescribed blood thinners to reduce the risk of clots, and beta blockers or other medications to slow heart rate. \"Whether this will be translated into people seeking medical help needs to be answered by future studies.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>A cardiologist and director of the Ahmanson-UCLA Cardiomyopathy Center, \u003ca href=\"https://www.uclahealth.org/body.cfm?id=10&action=detail&ref=24&fr=true\">Dr. Gregg Fonarow\u003c/a>, hopes that technologies like this will help identify atrial fibrillation early on and reduce the risk of stroke. \"These applications can change the way cardiologists treat atrial fibrillation and prescribe better drug protocols,\" he told NPR via email.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But we're not there yet. Gillinov, the author of the fitness-tracker accuracy study, deals with a lot of atrial fibrillation patients in his work as a cardiac surgeon. He thinks that self-screening could save a lot of lives, but that it's important doctors be included in the process.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Plus, he says, not everyone should be screened for atrial fibrillation. \"If young people start screening themselves, we're going to see a lot of false positives, even with very accurate devices.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"disqusTitle": "Cardiac Patient Aided by Bystanders Who Were Alerted by App",
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"content": "\u003cp>If your heart is going to stop, right outside a hospital is not a bad place for it.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>And if 41 people within a 330-yard radius have a \u003ca href=\"http://www.pulsepoint.org/\" target=\"_blank\">cellphone app\u003c/a> alerting them to your distress, so much the better.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>That's what happened in Seattle last week when Stephen DeMont collapsed at a bus stop in front of University of Washington Medical Center.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>While a medical student rushed over and began chest compressions, a cardiac nurse just getting off her shift was alerted by her phone, sprinted outside and assisted until paramedics arrived.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Five days later, DeMont, 60, is walking, smiling and talking about how the PulsePoint app helped save his life.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Seattle officials say the rescue shows the potential a free download has for connecting CPR-trained citizens with patients who urgently need their help. It's being used in 2,000 U.S. cities in 28 states.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"I put it on my phone yesterday,\" said DeMont's wife, Debi Quirk, a former registered nurse. \"He would not be here as we see him today.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Seattle officials hope DeMont's story will help persuade thousands more people to sign up for notifications; so far, about 4,000 people in Seattle have downloaded PulsePoint since the city adopted it earlier this year with financial support from an employee charitable fund at Boeing. The goal is to have 15,000 using it.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The app, which works through a city's 911 system, was developed by Richard Price, the former chief of the San Ramon Valley Fire Protection District in Northern California. When a call comes in, operators alert people within a certain radius that CPR assistance is needed, along with the location of the nearest portable defibrillator.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>About 900,000 people around the country have downloaded and carry the app, and 34,000 people have been activated to respond, Price said, adding that alerts have been issued in 13,000 cardiac events.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>He came up with the idea in 2009. Price told KQED in a 2011 \u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2011/01/cardiaciphoneapp.mp3\" target=\"_blank\">interview\u003c/a> that he'd been eating lunch in a deli with three colleagues, when \"we heard a siren, and we were wondering where the guys were going. They parked right in front of the deli we were eating at.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>As it turned out, an unconscious patient close by was in need of help.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"Here's the fire chief in uniform, a defibrillator in my car. One of my [lunch companions] is a paramedic, and right next door to us, someone was in great need and we were completely unaware of it.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"We sat the the rest of the afternoon and diagrammed on deli napkins how we could make sure that never happened again.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In that 2011 interview, Price said survival rates for those in cardiac arrest are very high when CPR is used within the first 2-3 minutes after cardiac arrest.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>It's not clear how many lives have been saved thanks to the app. Patient confidentiality laws often prevent hospitals from disclosing a patient's outcome.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Madeline Dahl, a 23-year-old cardiac nurse at the University of Washington Medical Center, said she downloaded the app about a month ago after reading a news story that mentioned it. Last Friday morning was the first time she'd ever received an alert. She bolted down a couple flights of stairs and ran outside into the rain, where she found 27-year-old medical student Zach Forcade performing chest compressions.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Forcade had been on his way into the hospital for a lecture when he saw DeMont, who was just getting off his bicycle, slump over.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"I hadn't responded to a cardiac arrest before,\" Forcade said. \"I thought, 'Did he just fall?' ... Even being in the medical field, I thought, 'Oh, man, who's going to step up?'\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>He told another passerby to call 911, which triggered an alert sent out to 41 responders nearby. It was reassuring when Dahl arrived to provide any needed backup, help check for a pulse and otherwise make sure Forcade was responding correctly, he said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>For DeMont, it was about more than just being lucky. A contract technical writer at Expedia, he said he has a love-hate relationship with technology — \"You see all these things about people falling off cliffs texting, people are so disconnected\" — but the response from Forcade, Dahl and the use of PulsePoint reaffirmed his belief in its power to make a positive difference.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"There's hope,\" DeMont said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>He's due to have a defibrillator implanted on Thursday. Now he just has to figure out how to pay the $100,000 tab without insurance.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>For that, his family has turned to a program with a different app: GoFundMe.\u003c/p>\n\n",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>If your heart is going to stop, right outside a hospital is not a bad place for it.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>And if 41 people within a 330-yard radius have a \u003ca href=\"http://www.pulsepoint.org/\" target=\"_blank\">cellphone app\u003c/a> alerting them to your distress, so much the better.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>That's what happened in Seattle last week when Stephen DeMont collapsed at a bus stop in front of University of Washington Medical Center.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>While a medical student rushed over and began chest compressions, a cardiac nurse just getting off her shift was alerted by her phone, sprinted outside and assisted until paramedics arrived.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Five days later, DeMont, 60, is walking, smiling and talking about how the PulsePoint app helped save his life.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Seattle officials say the rescue shows the potential a free download has for connecting CPR-trained citizens with patients who urgently need their help. It's being used in 2,000 U.S. cities in 28 states.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"I put it on my phone yesterday,\" said DeMont's wife, Debi Quirk, a former registered nurse. \"He would not be here as we see him today.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Seattle officials hope DeMont's story will help persuade thousands more people to sign up for notifications; so far, about 4,000 people in Seattle have downloaded PulsePoint since the city adopted it earlier this year with financial support from an employee charitable fund at Boeing. The goal is to have 15,000 using it.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The app, which works through a city's 911 system, was developed by Richard Price, the former chief of the San Ramon Valley Fire Protection District in Northern California. When a call comes in, operators alert people within a certain radius that CPR assistance is needed, along with the location of the nearest portable defibrillator.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>About 900,000 people around the country have downloaded and carry the app, and 34,000 people have been activated to respond, Price said, adding that alerts have been issued in 13,000 cardiac events.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>He came up with the idea in 2009. Price told KQED in a 2011 \u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2011/01/cardiaciphoneapp.mp3\" target=\"_blank\">interview\u003c/a> that he'd been eating lunch in a deli with three colleagues, when \"we heard a siren, and we were wondering where the guys were going. They parked right in front of the deli we were eating at.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>As it turned out, an unconscious patient close by was in need of help.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"Here's the fire chief in uniform, a defibrillator in my car. One of my [lunch companions] is a paramedic, and right next door to us, someone was in great need and we were completely unaware of it.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"We sat the the rest of the afternoon and diagrammed on deli napkins how we could make sure that never happened again.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In that 2011 interview, Price said survival rates for those in cardiac arrest are very high when CPR is used within the first 2-3 minutes after cardiac arrest.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>It's not clear how many lives have been saved thanks to the app. Patient confidentiality laws often prevent hospitals from disclosing a patient's outcome.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Madeline Dahl, a 23-year-old cardiac nurse at the University of Washington Medical Center, said she downloaded the app about a month ago after reading a news story that mentioned it. Last Friday morning was the first time she'd ever received an alert. She bolted down a couple flights of stairs and ran outside into the rain, where she found 27-year-old medical student Zach Forcade performing chest compressions.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Forcade had been on his way into the hospital for a lecture when he saw DeMont, who was just getting off his bicycle, slump over.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"I hadn't responded to a cardiac arrest before,\" Forcade said. \"I thought, 'Did he just fall?' ... Even being in the medical field, I thought, 'Oh, man, who's going to step up?'\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>He told another passerby to call 911, which triggered an alert sent out to 41 responders nearby. It was reassuring when Dahl arrived to provide any needed backup, help check for a pulse and otherwise make sure Forcade was responding correctly, he said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>For DeMont, it was about more than just being lucky. A contract technical writer at Expedia, he said he has a love-hate relationship with technology — \"You see all these things about people falling off cliffs texting, people are so disconnected\" — but the response from Forcade, Dahl and the use of PulsePoint reaffirmed his belief in its power to make a positive difference.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"There's hope,\" DeMont said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>He's due to have a defibrillator implanted on Thursday. Now he just has to figure out how to pay the $100,000 tab without insurance.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>For that, his family has turned to a program with a different app: GoFundMe.\u003c/p>\n\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>",
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"content": "\u003cp>A couple of weeks ago, it was a \u003ca href=\"http://jama.jamanetwork.com/article.aspx?articleid=2553448\" target=\"_blank\">study\u003c/a> published in JAMA, the Journal of the American Medical Association, that found an activity tracker \u003ca href=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/futureofyou/2016/09/20/weight-loss-study-finds-fitness-tracker-is-no-help/\" target=\"_blank\">failed to help users lose weight\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Next came headlines like \"\u003ca class=\"_sQb\" href=\"http://www.cosmopolitan.com/health-fitness/a3617025/fitness-trackers-dont-help-you-lose-weight-after-all/\" target=\"_blank\">Fitness Trackers Don't Help You Lose Weight, After All\u003c/a>\" (in Cosmo, no less).\u003c/p>\n\u003caside class=\"pullquote alignright\">Study finds no improvement in health of Fitbit Zip users. But are the results translatable to real life?\u003c/aside>\n\u003cp>Now The Lancet Diabetes & Endocrinology has published a \u003ca href=\"http://www.thelancet.com/journals/landia/article/PIIS2213-8587(16)30284-4/fulltext\" target=\"_blank\">study\u003c/a> that found individuals who got cash or charity donation incentives to wear a Fitbit Zip activity tracker showed, after one year, no improvement in weight, blood pressure and other fitness measures\u003ca href=\"https://www.google.com/search?q=maximum+oxygen+consumption\" target=\"_blank\">.\u003c/a>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The study recruited 800 employees, aged 21-65, from 13 different companies in Singapore. It was designed to measure the Fitbits' impacts on health outcomes and how financial incentives affected peoples' use of the device.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Participants were randomly placed in four different groups, two of which were given the Fitbits plus weekly financial incentives, with a high of $30 awarded for logging 70,000 or more steps. Participants in one of the cash-incentive groups could keep the money; people in the other had to donate it to a charity of their choice. A third group got the Fitbit Zip and access to Fitbit's website but no incentives; and the fourth, a control group, was given no trackers, just some information about exercise.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The people who got to pocket the cash or donate it to charity logged more daily steps each week than the people in the non-incentivized groups. The cash group also saw a significantly smaller attrition rate -- after six months, just 12 percent of that group had stopped wearing the devices.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>No Cash, No Fitbit\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But the incentives stopped at the six-month mark. Over the six months after that, by the end of a full year from the study's start, 90 percent of participants in all groups had stopped wearing the devices.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>And ... no one had a significant improvement in any health measure.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The researchers attributed the lack of improved health to the reality that an increase in steps does not necessarily translate to much of a boost in moderate-intensity and vigorous-intensity physical activity.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>So what is the conclusion here?\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"Although other incentive strategies might generate greater increases in step activity and improvements in health outcomes,\" the researchers wrote, \"incentives would probably need to be in place long term to avoid any potential decrease in physical activity resulting from discontinuation.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The lack of any observable health benefits from use of the trackers, they wrote, called into question \"the value of these devices for health promotion.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Not So Fast ...\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>A different \u003ca href=\"http://preview.thenewsmarket.com/Previews/JOUR/DocumentAssets/448807.pdf\" target=\"_blank\">study\u003c/a> we mentioned earlier, published in \u003cem>JAMA \u003c/em>last month, found that those who were put on a weight-loss plan encompassing diet, exercise and counseling actually \u003cem>lost more weight\u003c/em> than those who were given the same plus a fitness tracker. That didn't look too good for Team Digital Health.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But not everyone thought the study was relevant. Aaron Coleman, founder and CEO of Fitabase, a company that makes data tools \"which make Fitbits awesome in research,\" published a \u003ca href=\"https://medium.com/@aaroncoleman/its-not-time-to-throw-away-your-fitbit-but-it-is-time-to-rethink-how-to-do-research-94dc498eb63f#.iy10v11qg\">piece\u003c/a> on Medium criticizing news reports that failed to note that the device the users gave participants is now obsolete.\u003c/p>\n\u003cblockquote>\u003cp>The problem? The device used in the intervention bears no resemblance to a “wearable” as we’d call it today. It was ... a discontinued, very clunky, very clinical looking arm strap and sensor brick called the Bodymedia FIT Core.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp id=\"7802\" class=\"graf graf--p graf-after--figure\">Even the amount of data collected in the study suggests that the term “wearable” may be a bit of a stretch, as on the days that participants wore the device, the median wear time was 4 hours (241.1 min/d to be exact).\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>To equate the user experience of today’s modern wearables, as many have done with this, got me a little sarcastic…\u003c/p>\u003c/blockquote>\n\u003cblockquote class=\"twitter-tweet\">\n\u003cp dir=\"ltr\" lang=\"en\">And in other news, online social networks don't work according to a new study of 300 people given MySpace accounts. \u003ca href=\"https://t.co/1J8GvdIP37\">https://t.co/1J8GvdIP37\u003c/a>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>— Aaron Coleman (@aaronc) \u003ca href=\"https://twitter.com/aaronc/status/778594171036676096\">September 21, 2016\u003c/a>\u003c/p>\u003c/blockquote>\n\u003cp>But the study in \u003cem>The Lancet Diabetes & Endocrinology\u003c/em> does, indeed, use a newer if not the most advanced tracker, from the \u003ca href=\"http://www.idc.com/getdoc.jsp?containerId=prUS41284516\" target=\"_blank\">leading brand\u003c/a> in mobile health. This would seem to address Coleman's main quarrel with the earlier research. So we gave him a call to ask him what he thought.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"They used an actual Fitbit in the intervention, which is an improvement over the last study in terms of trying to make it applicable to modern wearables,\" he says. But he didn't think the results could be \"generalized into day-to-day Fibit wearing.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In the case of Fitbits, Coleman contends, \"There's so many other components -- a social network component and having friends involved -- that make the experience.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>He says taking more steps, which is what the study incentivized, is not necessarily the right goal. (He personally uses other measures such as heart rate in his fitness regimen.) And he thought the study's design did not equate to use of the devices in the real-world.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"I don't know if incentivizing and handing them a device generalizes to daily life,\" he says.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>As for Fitbit itself, the company issued a statement last week in response to the study. \"We are confident in the positive results our millions of users have seen from using Fitbit products,\" it read. The statement went on to say the company was in the process of improving its trackers.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The study's lead author, Eric Finkelstein, acknowledged that some of the newer fitness wearables have more advanced features, like exercise prompts and social media functions, but he still thinks it is unlikely people will radically change their exercise regimes without a more comprehensive approach.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“These trackers can encourage people to take more steps, but it still seems like these random extra steps aren’t enough to really improve your health,” he says.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Emmanuel Stamatakis, a physical activity expert at the University of Sydney, who was not part of the study, agreed. \"We should not be so naive to believe that simply by giving a sleek-looking gadget to someone, they will change deeply rooted lifestyle habits,\" he says.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In the meantime, Fitbit last week released a \u003ca href=\"https://www.springbuk.com/wearable-study/#top\" target=\"_blank\">case study \u003c/a>that it says shows employers can save money in health care costs if employees use the company's devices. The Verge critiques that study \u003ca href=\"http://www.theverge.com/2016/10/5/13176236/fitbit-study-corporate-wellness-health-care-savings\" target=\"_blank\">here\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Fitabase also last week made public a \"\u003ca href=\"https://www.fitabase.com/research-library/\" target=\"_blank\">Fitbit Research Library\u003c/a>\" with 167 studies assessing or using the devices.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>Associated Press contributed to this report.\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp> \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad floatright]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp> \u003c/p>\n\n",
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"excerpt": "A study published last week found individuals incentivized to wear a Fitbit Zip tracker showed, after one year, no improvement in weight, blood pressure and cardiorespiratory fitness measures.",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>A couple of weeks ago, it was a \u003ca href=\"http://jama.jamanetwork.com/article.aspx?articleid=2553448\" target=\"_blank\">study\u003c/a> published in JAMA, the Journal of the American Medical Association, that found an activity tracker \u003ca href=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/futureofyou/2016/09/20/weight-loss-study-finds-fitness-tracker-is-no-help/\" target=\"_blank\">failed to help users lose weight\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Next came headlines like \"\u003ca class=\"_sQb\" href=\"http://www.cosmopolitan.com/health-fitness/a3617025/fitness-trackers-dont-help-you-lose-weight-after-all/\" target=\"_blank\">Fitness Trackers Don't Help You Lose Weight, After All\u003c/a>\" (in Cosmo, no less).\u003c/p>\n\u003caside class=\"pullquote alignright\">Study finds no improvement in health of Fitbit Zip users. But are the results translatable to real life?\u003c/aside>\n\u003cp>Now The Lancet Diabetes & Endocrinology has published a \u003ca href=\"http://www.thelancet.com/journals/landia/article/PIIS2213-8587(16)30284-4/fulltext\" target=\"_blank\">study\u003c/a> that found individuals who got cash or charity donation incentives to wear a Fitbit Zip activity tracker showed, after one year, no improvement in weight, blood pressure and other fitness measures\u003ca href=\"https://www.google.com/search?q=maximum+oxygen+consumption\" target=\"_blank\">.\u003c/a>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The study recruited 800 employees, aged 21-65, from 13 different companies in Singapore. It was designed to measure the Fitbits' impacts on health outcomes and how financial incentives affected peoples' use of the device.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Participants were randomly placed in four different groups, two of which were given the Fitbits plus weekly financial incentives, with a high of $30 awarded for logging 70,000 or more steps. Participants in one of the cash-incentive groups could keep the money; people in the other had to donate it to a charity of their choice. A third group got the Fitbit Zip and access to Fitbit's website but no incentives; and the fourth, a control group, was given no trackers, just some information about exercise.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The people who got to pocket the cash or donate it to charity logged more daily steps each week than the people in the non-incentivized groups. The cash group also saw a significantly smaller attrition rate -- after six months, just 12 percent of that group had stopped wearing the devices.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>No Cash, No Fitbit\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But the incentives stopped at the six-month mark. Over the six months after that, by the end of a full year from the study's start, 90 percent of participants in all groups had stopped wearing the devices.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>And ... no one had a significant improvement in any health measure.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The researchers attributed the lack of improved health to the reality that an increase in steps does not necessarily translate to much of a boost in moderate-intensity and vigorous-intensity physical activity.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>So what is the conclusion here?\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"Although other incentive strategies might generate greater increases in step activity and improvements in health outcomes,\" the researchers wrote, \"incentives would probably need to be in place long term to avoid any potential decrease in physical activity resulting from discontinuation.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The lack of any observable health benefits from use of the trackers, they wrote, called into question \"the value of these devices for health promotion.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Not So Fast ...\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>A different \u003ca href=\"http://preview.thenewsmarket.com/Previews/JOUR/DocumentAssets/448807.pdf\" target=\"_blank\">study\u003c/a> we mentioned earlier, published in \u003cem>JAMA \u003c/em>last month, found that those who were put on a weight-loss plan encompassing diet, exercise and counseling actually \u003cem>lost more weight\u003c/em> than those who were given the same plus a fitness tracker. That didn't look too good for Team Digital Health.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But not everyone thought the study was relevant. Aaron Coleman, founder and CEO of Fitabase, a company that makes data tools \"which make Fitbits awesome in research,\" published a \u003ca href=\"https://medium.com/@aaroncoleman/its-not-time-to-throw-away-your-fitbit-but-it-is-time-to-rethink-how-to-do-research-94dc498eb63f#.iy10v11qg\">piece\u003c/a> on Medium criticizing news reports that failed to note that the device the users gave participants is now obsolete.\u003c/p>\n\u003cblockquote>\u003cp>The problem? The device used in the intervention bears no resemblance to a “wearable” as we’d call it today. It was ... a discontinued, very clunky, very clinical looking arm strap and sensor brick called the Bodymedia FIT Core.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp id=\"7802\" class=\"graf graf--p graf-after--figure\">Even the amount of data collected in the study suggests that the term “wearable” may be a bit of a stretch, as on the days that participants wore the device, the median wear time was 4 hours (241.1 min/d to be exact).\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>To equate the user experience of today’s modern wearables, as many have done with this, got me a little sarcastic…\u003c/p>\u003c/blockquote>\n\u003cblockquote class=\"twitter-tweet\">\n\u003cp dir=\"ltr\" lang=\"en\">And in other news, online social networks don't work according to a new study of 300 people given MySpace accounts. \u003ca href=\"https://t.co/1J8GvdIP37\">https://t.co/1J8GvdIP37\u003c/a>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>— Aaron Coleman (@aaronc) \u003ca href=\"https://twitter.com/aaronc/status/778594171036676096\">September 21, 2016\u003c/a>\u003c/p>\u003c/blockquote>\n\u003cp>But the study in \u003cem>The Lancet Diabetes & Endocrinology\u003c/em> does, indeed, use a newer if not the most advanced tracker, from the \u003ca href=\"http://www.idc.com/getdoc.jsp?containerId=prUS41284516\" target=\"_blank\">leading brand\u003c/a> in mobile health. This would seem to address Coleman's main quarrel with the earlier research. So we gave him a call to ask him what he thought.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"They used an actual Fitbit in the intervention, which is an improvement over the last study in terms of trying to make it applicable to modern wearables,\" he says. But he didn't think the results could be \"generalized into day-to-day Fibit wearing.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In the case of Fitbits, Coleman contends, \"There's so many other components -- a social network component and having friends involved -- that make the experience.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>He says taking more steps, which is what the study incentivized, is not necessarily the right goal. (He personally uses other measures such as heart rate in his fitness regimen.) And he thought the study's design did not equate to use of the devices in the real-world.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"I don't know if incentivizing and handing them a device generalizes to daily life,\" he says.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>As for Fitbit itself, the company issued a statement last week in response to the study. \"We are confident in the positive results our millions of users have seen from using Fitbit products,\" it read. The statement went on to say the company was in the process of improving its trackers.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The study's lead author, Eric Finkelstein, acknowledged that some of the newer fitness wearables have more advanced features, like exercise prompts and social media functions, but he still thinks it is unlikely people will radically change their exercise regimes without a more comprehensive approach.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“These trackers can encourage people to take more steps, but it still seems like these random extra steps aren’t enough to really improve your health,” he says.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Emmanuel Stamatakis, a physical activity expert at the University of Sydney, who was not part of the study, agreed. \"We should not be so naive to believe that simply by giving a sleek-looking gadget to someone, they will change deeply rooted lifestyle habits,\" he says.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In the meantime, Fitbit last week released a \u003ca href=\"https://www.springbuk.com/wearable-study/#top\" target=\"_blank\">case study \u003c/a>that it says shows employers can save money in health care costs if employees use the company's devices. The Verge critiques that study \u003ca href=\"http://www.theverge.com/2016/10/5/13176236/fitbit-study-corporate-wellness-health-care-savings\" target=\"_blank\">here\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Fitabase also last week made public a \"\u003ca href=\"https://www.fitabase.com/research-library/\" target=\"_blank\">Fitbit Research Library\u003c/a>\" with 167 studies assessing or using the devices.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>Associated Press contributed to this report.\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp> \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"tagline": "The flip side of gentrification, told through one town",
"info": "Gentrification is changing cities across America, forcing people from neighborhoods they have long called home. Call them the displaced. Now those priced out of the Bay Area are looking for a better life in an unlikely place. American Suburb follows this migration to one California town along the Delta, 45 miles from San Francisco. But is this once sleepy suburb ready for them?",
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"tagline": "Exploring the Bay Area, one question at a time",
"info": "KQED’s new podcast, Bay Curious, gets to the bottom of the mysteries — both profound and peculiar — that give the Bay Area its unique identity. And we’ll do it with your help! You ask the questions. You decide what Bay Curious investigates. And you join us on the journey to find the answers.",
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"info": "KQED’s statewide radio news program providing daily coverage of issues, trends and public policy decisions.",
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"order": 8
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},
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"order": 1
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"info": "\u003cem>Code Switch\u003c/em>, which listeners will hear in the first part of the hour, has fearless and much-needed conversations about race. Hosted by journalists of color, the show tackles the subject of race head-on, exploring how it impacts every part of society — from politics and pop culture to history, sports and more.\u003cbr />\u003cbr />\u003cem>Life Kit\u003c/em>, which will be in the second part of the hour, guides you through spaces and feelings no one prepares you for — from finances to mental health, from workplace microaggressions to imposter syndrome, from relationships to parenting. The show features experts with real world experience and shares their knowledge. Because everyone needs a little help being human.\u003cbr />\u003cbr />\u003ca href=\"https://www.npr.org/podcasts/510312/codeswitch\">\u003cem>Code Switch\u003c/em> offical site and podcast\u003c/a>\u003cbr />\u003ca href=\"https://www.npr.org/lifekit\">\u003cem>Life Kit\u003c/em> offical site and podcast\u003c/a>\u003cbr />",
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"id": "commonwealth-club",
"title": "Commonwealth Club of California Podcast",
"info": "The Commonwealth Club of California is the nation's oldest and largest public affairs forum. As a non-partisan forum, The Club brings to the public airwaves diverse viewpoints on important topics. The Club's weekly radio broadcast - the oldest in the U.S., dating back to 1924 - is carried across the nation on public radio stations and is now podcasting. Our website archive features audio of our recent programs, as well as selected speeches from our long and distinguished history. This podcast feed is usually updated twice a week and is always un-edited.",
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"imageSrc": "https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/04/Commonwealth-Club-Podcast-Tile-360x360-1.jpg",
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"source": "Commonwealth Club of California"
},
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"info": "KQED’s live call-in program discussing local, state, national and international issues, as well as in-depth interviews.",
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"imageSrc": "https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/04/Forum-Podcast-Tile-703x703-1.jpg",
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"order": 9
},
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"id": "fresh-air",
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"hidden-brain": {
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"airtime": "SUN 7pm-8pm",
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"airtime": "SUN 7:30pm-8pm",
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"tagline": "Where conversation and cultura meet",
"info": "What kind of no sabo word is Hyphenación? For us, it’s about living within a hyphenation. Like being a third-gen Mexican-American from the Texas border now living that Bay Area Chicano life. Like Xorje! Each week we bring together a couple of hyphenated Latinos to talk all about personal life choices: family, careers, relationships, belonging … everything is on the table. ",
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"title": "The Political Mind of Jerry Brown",
"tagline": "Lessons from a lifetime in politics",
"info": "The Political Mind of Jerry Brown brings listeners the wisdom of the former Governor, Mayor, and presidential candidate. Scott Shafer interviewed Brown for more than 40 hours, covering the former governor's life and half-century in the political game – and Brown has some lessons he'd like to share. ",
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"order": 18
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},
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"id": "latino-usa",
"title": "Latino USA",
"airtime": "MON 1am-2am, SUN 6pm-7pm",
"info": "Latino USA, the radio journal of news and culture, is the only national, English-language radio program produced from a Latino perspective.",
"imageSrc": "https://ww2.kqed.org/radio/wp-content/uploads/sites/50/2018/04/latinoUsa.jpg",
"officialWebsiteLink": "http://latinousa.org/",
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},
"marketplace": {
"id": "marketplace",
"title": "Marketplace",
"info": "Our flagship program, helmed by Kai Ryssdal, examines what the day in money delivered, through stories, conversations, newsworthy numbers and more. Updated Monday through Friday at about 3:30 p.m. PT.",
"airtime": "MON-FRI 4pm-4:30pm, MON-WED 6:30pm-7pm",
"imageSrc": "https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/04/Marketplace-Podcast-Tile-360x360-1.jpg",
"officialWebsiteLink": "https://www.marketplace.org/",
"meta": {
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"source": "American Public Media"
},
"link": "/radio/program/marketplace",
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"rss": "https://feeds.publicradio.org/public_feeds/marketplace-pm/rss/rss"
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},
"masters-of-scale": {
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"title": "Masters of Scale",
"info": "Masters of Scale is an original podcast in which LinkedIn co-founder and Greylock Partner Reid Hoffman sets out to describe and prove theories that explain how great entrepreneurs take their companies from zero to a gazillion in ingenious fashion.",
"airtime": "Every other Wednesday June 12 through October 16 at 8pm (repeats Thursdays at 2am)",
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"officialWebsiteLink": "https://mastersofscale.com/",
"meta": {
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"source": "WaitWhat"
},
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"rss": "https://rss.art19.com/masters-of-scale"
}
},
"mindshift": {
"id": "mindshift",
"title": "MindShift",
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"info": "The MindShift podcast explores the innovations in education that are shaping how kids learn. Hosts Ki Sung and Katrina Schwartz introduce listeners to educators, researchers, parents and students who are developing effective ways to improve how kids learn. We cover topics like how fed-up administrators are developing surprising tactics to deal with classroom disruptions; how listening to podcasts are helping kids develop reading skills; the consequences of overparenting; and why interdisciplinary learning can engage students on all ends of the traditional achievement spectrum. This podcast is part of the MindShift education site, a division of KQED News. KQED is an NPR/PBS member station based in San Francisco. You can also visit the MindShift website for episodes and supplemental blog posts or tweet us \u003ca href=\"https://twitter.com/MindShiftKQED\">@MindShiftKQED\u003c/a> or visit us at \u003ca href=\"/mindshift\">MindShift.KQED.org\u003c/a>",
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