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"content": "\u003cp>It's the final stretch of the 2016 presidential election season.\u003c/p>\n\u003cdiv>\n\u003caside class=\"alignright\">\u003cb>\u003cspan style=\"font-size: large;\">\u003cspan style=\"color: #993300;\">Teach with the Lowdown\u003c/span>\u003c/span>\u003c/b>\u003cbr>\n\u003cimg class=\"alignnone wp-image-22868\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/lowdown/wp-content/uploads/sites/26/2016/07/hands-e1469568663680-400x143.jpg\" width=\"340\" height=\"122\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/26/2016/07/hands-e1469568663680-400x143.jpg 400w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/26/2016/07/hands-e1469568663680-800x286.jpg 800w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/26/2016/07/hands-e1469568663680-768x274.jpg 768w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/26/2016/07/hands-e1469568663680.jpg 957w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 340px) 100vw, 340px\">Nonfiction analysis, writing/discussion prompts and multimedia projects. Browse our entire lesson plan collection \u003ca href=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/lowdown/category/lesson-plans-and-guides/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">here\u003c/a>.\n\u003cul>\n\u003cli>\u003ca href=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/lowdown/wp-content/uploads/sites/26/2016/08/The-Anatomy-of-a-Political-Ad-lesson-plan-2.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Anatomy of a political ad lesson plan (PDF)\u003c/a>\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>\u003ca href=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/lowdown/wp-content/uploads/sites/26/2016/08/The-Anatomy-of-a-Political-Ad-graphic-organizer-1.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Political ads graphic organizer\u003c/a>\u003c/li>\n\u003c/ul>\n\u003c/aside>\n\u003c/div>\n\u003cp>So brace yourself for that last inescapable flood of campaign commercials.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c!--more-->\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But it wasn't always like this.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In 1948 less than one percent of U.S. homes had TVs. By 1954 - a mere six years later - more than half of all American's had a boob-tube in the house. By 1958, that rate had soared to over 80 percent, and today hovers at about 97 percent.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>That's according to University of Wisconsin Journalism Professor \u003ca href=\"http://www.lib.niu.edu/1993/ihy930341.html\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">James L. Baughman\u003c/a>, who documents the rapid rise of TV in American life. \"No other household technology,\" he writes, \"not the telephone or indoor plumbing, had ever spread so rapidly into so many homes.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>It didn't take political campaigns long to catch on to the enormous potential this new technology offered: a green light to instantly infiltrate the living rooms of millions of Americans, more directly, personally, and visually than ever before.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The very first televised campaign ads were launched in the 1952 presidential race. Leading the charge was Republican candidate Dwight D. Eisenhower (and his running mate Richard Nixon). The campaign spent roughly $1.5 million on ads, twice that of Democratic opponent Adlai Stevenson. The first series of spot ads, called \u003ca href=\"http://www.livingroomcandidate.org/commercials/1952\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">\"Eisenhower Answers America,\" \u003c/a>featured a seemingly average citizen asking a laughably scripted, leading question, to which Eisenhower frankly responded, staring directly into the camera, utterly devoid of emotion or charisma. The campaign soon followed up with the now legendary \"I Like Ike\" animation, which gave the candidate a major edge in the race.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"http://www.livingroomcandidate.org\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">The Living Room Candidate\u003c/a>, a project of the Museum of the Moving Image, is an impressively thorough and well curated repository of presidential campaign ads in every election since 1952. Here are 10 of the heaviest hitters (note the wide variations between negative/fear-inducing and euphorically positive):\u003c/p>\n\u003ch4>\u003cstrong>Dwight D. Eisenhower's \"Ike for President\" (1952)\u003c/strong>\u003c/h4>\n\u003cp>https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Y9RAxAgksSE&feature=youtu.be\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>This seemingly quaint commercial helped Eisenhower trounce his Democratic opponent Adlai Stevenson. The first Republican to win the White House in 20 years, Eisenhower got 83 percent of the electoral vote.\u003c/p>\n\u003ch4>John F. Kennedy's \"Kennedy For Me\" (1960)\u003c/h4>\n\u003cp>https://youtu.be/OldTwzN7hKk\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>At 43, John F. Kennedy was to become the youngest elected candidate in U.S. history. Attacked by his opponent Richard Nixon as inexperienced, this jingle ad helped turn Kennedy's youth into an asset, someone who is “old enough to know and young enough to do.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Kennedy won with 56 percent of the electoral vote.\u003c/p>\n\u003ch4>Lyndon B. Johnson's \"Daisy Girl\" (1964)\u003c/h4>\n\u003cp>https://youtu.be/dDTBnsqxZ3k\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Part of Lyndon B. Johnson's 1964 re-election bid, in the midst of the Cold War, this ad is among the most famous campaign commercials of all time. It ran only once, during an NBC broadcast of Monday Night at the Movies on September 7, 1964. But that was enough to scare the pants off an already skittish electorate, by painting his Republican opponent, Barry Goldwater, as a dangerous right-wing extremist who'd bring the world to the brink of disaster.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Johnson won the election with 90 percent of the electoral vote.\u003c/p>\n\u003ch4>Hubert H. Humphrey's \"Laughter\" (1968)\u003c/h4>\n\u003cp>https://youtu.be/Qwk_epMblW4\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Although Democrat Hubert H. Humphrey ended up losing the 1968 presidential race to Richard Nixon, this ad still packed a punch by portraying Spiro Agnew, Nixon's relatively unknown running mate, as a political neophyte, so inexperienced as to be, literally, laughable. The ad was created by Tony Schwartz, who also made Johnson's \"Daisy\" ad.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Nixon still beat Humphrey, with nearly 56 percent of the electoral vote.\u003c/p>\n\u003ch4>Richard Nixon's \"McGovern Defense\" (1972)\u003c/h4>\n\u003cp>https://youtu.be/qVcFUIXEDZ8\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>This ad aired during Richard Nixon's re-election bid against Democratic challenger George McGovern in 1972. With the U.S. military still deeply engaged in the Vietnam War, Nixon's campaign sought to portray Democrats as weak on national defense, with policies that would place the nation in peril. It was sponsored by a group called \"Democrats for Nixon.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Nixon won with a whopping 97 percent of the electoral vote.\u003c/p>\n\u003ch4>Ronald Reagan's \"Morning In America\" (1984)\u003c/h4>\n\u003cp>https://youtu.be/EU-IBF8nwSY\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Part of a series of 1984 Reagan campaign ads collectively known as \"Morning in America,\" this commercial effectively highlights idyllic scenes of productivity and suburban life to suggest that President Reagan had successfully restored American optimism and revived the economy from the prolonged period of high inflation and unemployment that had persisted under his Democratic predecessor Jimmy Carter. The ads helped Reagan handily defeat his Democratic opponent Walter Mondale, with 98 percent of the electoral vote.\u003c/p>\n\u003ch4>George H.W. Bush's \"Revolving Door\" (1988)\u003c/h4>\n\u003cp>https://youtu.be/PmwhdDv8VrM\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>This crushing ad attacked a program that Democratic presidential challenger Michael Dukakis had supported while he was governor of Massachusetts, allowing prisoners to be released on weekend furloughs. The ad capitalized on the case of Willie Horton, a Massachusetts state prison inmate and one of the program's participants, who in 1987 raped a woman while on weekend furlough. The black-and-white ad successfully cast doubt on Dukakis' ability to govern and protect public safety, striking a major blow to his campaign.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Bush won with 80 percent of the electoral vote.\u003c/p>\n\u003ch4>Bill Clinton's \"Man From Hope\" (1992)\u003c/h4>\n\u003cp>https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Xq_x3JUwrU0&feature=youtu.be\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>An edited down version of a much longer biographical film shown at the 1992 Democratic Convention, this commercial widely considered among the most compelling biographical ads ever made. Emphasizing Clinton's small town roots it conveys the candidate's strong work ethic, wisdom and sense of humanity.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Clinton defeated Republican incumbent George H.W. Bush with 69 percent of the electoral vote.\u003c/p>\n\u003ch4>George W. Bush's \"Windsurfing\" (2004)\u003c/h4>\n\u003cp>http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=pbdzMLk9wHQ\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The most effective and memorable ad of the 2004 election, this drove home the Bush campaign's consistent allegation that Democratic challenger John Kerry was a “flip-flopper” who merely tailed the political winds.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Bush won with 53 percent of the electoral vote.\u003c/p>\n\u003ch4>Barack Obama's \"Yes We Can\" Web Ad (2008)\u003c/h4>\n\u003cp>https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=jjXyqcx-mYY\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Among the most unconventional campaign ads to date, this was only available on the web. Produced by Will.i.am of The Black Eyed Peas and Jesse Dylan (Bob Dylan's son), the ad put music to Obama's New Hampshire primary concession speech (after he lost the state to Hilary Clinton). It features a succession of over 30 celebrity performers singing his words. First posted on YouTube, the video quickly went viral, with over 26 million views in just a few days. It led to an online fundraising boom and a new wave of momentum for Obama's campaign.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad floatright]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Obama beat his Republican challenger John McCain with 68 percent of the electoral vote.\u003c/p>\n\n",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>It's the final stretch of the 2016 presidential election season.\u003c/p>\n\u003cdiv>\n\u003caside class=\"alignright\">\u003cb>\u003cspan style=\"font-size: large;\">\u003cspan style=\"color: #993300;\">Teach with the Lowdown\u003c/span>\u003c/span>\u003c/b>\u003cbr>\n\u003cimg class=\"alignnone wp-image-22868\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/lowdown/wp-content/uploads/sites/26/2016/07/hands-e1469568663680-400x143.jpg\" width=\"340\" height=\"122\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/26/2016/07/hands-e1469568663680-400x143.jpg 400w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/26/2016/07/hands-e1469568663680-800x286.jpg 800w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/26/2016/07/hands-e1469568663680-768x274.jpg 768w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/26/2016/07/hands-e1469568663680.jpg 957w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 340px) 100vw, 340px\">Nonfiction analysis, writing/discussion prompts and multimedia projects. Browse our entire lesson plan collection \u003ca href=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/lowdown/category/lesson-plans-and-guides/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">here\u003c/a>.\n\u003cul>\n\u003cli>\u003ca href=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/lowdown/wp-content/uploads/sites/26/2016/08/The-Anatomy-of-a-Political-Ad-lesson-plan-2.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Anatomy of a political ad lesson plan (PDF)\u003c/a>\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>\u003ca href=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/lowdown/wp-content/uploads/sites/26/2016/08/The-Anatomy-of-a-Political-Ad-graphic-organizer-1.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Political ads graphic organizer\u003c/a>\u003c/li>\n\u003c/ul>\n\u003c/aside>\n\u003c/div>\n\u003cp>So brace yourself for that last inescapable flood of campaign commercials.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c!--more-->\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But it wasn't always like this.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In 1948 less than one percent of U.S. homes had TVs. By 1954 - a mere six years later - more than half of all American's had a boob-tube in the house. By 1958, that rate had soared to over 80 percent, and today hovers at about 97 percent.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>That's according to University of Wisconsin Journalism Professor \u003ca href=\"http://www.lib.niu.edu/1993/ihy930341.html\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">James L. Baughman\u003c/a>, who documents the rapid rise of TV in American life. \"No other household technology,\" he writes, \"not the telephone or indoor plumbing, had ever spread so rapidly into so many homes.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>It didn't take political campaigns long to catch on to the enormous potential this new technology offered: a green light to instantly infiltrate the living rooms of millions of Americans, more directly, personally, and visually than ever before.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The very first televised campaign ads were launched in the 1952 presidential race. Leading the charge was Republican candidate Dwight D. Eisenhower (and his running mate Richard Nixon). The campaign spent roughly $1.5 million on ads, twice that of Democratic opponent Adlai Stevenson. The first series of spot ads, called \u003ca href=\"http://www.livingroomcandidate.org/commercials/1952\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">\"Eisenhower Answers America,\" \u003c/a>featured a seemingly average citizen asking a laughably scripted, leading question, to which Eisenhower frankly responded, staring directly into the camera, utterly devoid of emotion or charisma. The campaign soon followed up with the now legendary \"I Like Ike\" animation, which gave the candidate a major edge in the race.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"http://www.livingroomcandidate.org\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">The Living Room Candidate\u003c/a>, a project of the Museum of the Moving Image, is an impressively thorough and well curated repository of presidential campaign ads in every election since 1952. Here are 10 of the heaviest hitters (note the wide variations between negative/fear-inducing and euphorically positive):\u003c/p>\n\u003ch4>\u003cstrong>Dwight D. Eisenhower's \"Ike for President\" (1952)\u003c/strong>\u003c/h4>\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003cspan class='utils-parseShortcode-shortcodes-__youtubeShortcode__embedYoutube'>\n \u003cspan class='utils-parseShortcode-shortcodes-__youtubeShortcode__embedYoutubeInside'>\n \u003ciframe\n loading='lazy'\n class='utils-parseShortcode-shortcodes-__youtubeShortcode__youtubePlayer'\n type='text/html'\n src='//www.youtube.com/embed/Y9RAxAgksSE'\n title='//www.youtube.com/embed/Y9RAxAgksSE'\n allowfullscreen='true'\n style='border:0;'>\u003c/iframe>\n \u003c/span>\n \u003c/span>\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003cp>This seemingly quaint commercial helped Eisenhower trounce his Democratic opponent Adlai Stevenson. The first Republican to win the White House in 20 years, Eisenhower got 83 percent of the electoral vote.\u003c/p>\n\u003ch4>John F. Kennedy's \"Kennedy For Me\" (1960)\u003c/h4>\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003cspan class='utils-parseShortcode-shortcodes-__youtubeShortcode__embedYoutube'>\n \u003cspan class='utils-parseShortcode-shortcodes-__youtubeShortcode__embedYoutubeInside'>\n \u003ciframe\n loading='lazy'\n class='utils-parseShortcode-shortcodes-__youtubeShortcode__youtubePlayer'\n type='text/html'\n src='//www.youtube.com/embed/OldTwzN7hKk'\n title='//www.youtube.com/embed/OldTwzN7hKk'\n allowfullscreen='true'\n style='border:0;'>\u003c/iframe>\n \u003c/span>\n \u003c/span>\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003cp>At 43, John F. Kennedy was to become the youngest elected candidate in U.S. history. Attacked by his opponent Richard Nixon as inexperienced, this jingle ad helped turn Kennedy's youth into an asset, someone who is “old enough to know and young enough to do.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Kennedy won with 56 percent of the electoral vote.\u003c/p>\n\u003ch4>Lyndon B. Johnson's \"Daisy Girl\" (1964)\u003c/h4>\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003cspan class='utils-parseShortcode-shortcodes-__youtubeShortcode__embedYoutube'>\n \u003cspan class='utils-parseShortcode-shortcodes-__youtubeShortcode__embedYoutubeInside'>\n \u003ciframe\n loading='lazy'\n class='utils-parseShortcode-shortcodes-__youtubeShortcode__youtubePlayer'\n type='text/html'\n src='//www.youtube.com/embed/dDTBnsqxZ3k'\n title='//www.youtube.com/embed/dDTBnsqxZ3k'\n allowfullscreen='true'\n style='border:0;'>\u003c/iframe>\n \u003c/span>\n \u003c/span>\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003cp>Part of Lyndon B. Johnson's 1964 re-election bid, in the midst of the Cold War, this ad is among the most famous campaign commercials of all time. It ran only once, during an NBC broadcast of Monday Night at the Movies on September 7, 1964. But that was enough to scare the pants off an already skittish electorate, by painting his Republican opponent, Barry Goldwater, as a dangerous right-wing extremist who'd bring the world to the brink of disaster.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Johnson won the election with 90 percent of the electoral vote.\u003c/p>\n\u003ch4>Hubert H. Humphrey's \"Laughter\" (1968)\u003c/h4>\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003cspan class='utils-parseShortcode-shortcodes-__youtubeShortcode__embedYoutube'>\n \u003cspan class='utils-parseShortcode-shortcodes-__youtubeShortcode__embedYoutubeInside'>\n \u003ciframe\n loading='lazy'\n class='utils-parseShortcode-shortcodes-__youtubeShortcode__youtubePlayer'\n type='text/html'\n src='//www.youtube.com/embed/Qwk_epMblW4'\n title='//www.youtube.com/embed/Qwk_epMblW4'\n allowfullscreen='true'\n style='border:0;'>\u003c/iframe>\n \u003c/span>\n \u003c/span>\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003cp>Although Democrat Hubert H. Humphrey ended up losing the 1968 presidential race to Richard Nixon, this ad still packed a punch by portraying Spiro Agnew, Nixon's relatively unknown running mate, as a political neophyte, so inexperienced as to be, literally, laughable. The ad was created by Tony Schwartz, who also made Johnson's \"Daisy\" ad.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Nixon still beat Humphrey, with nearly 56 percent of the electoral vote.\u003c/p>\n\u003ch4>Richard Nixon's \"McGovern Defense\" (1972)\u003c/h4>\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003cspan class='utils-parseShortcode-shortcodes-__youtubeShortcode__embedYoutube'>\n \u003cspan class='utils-parseShortcode-shortcodes-__youtubeShortcode__embedYoutubeInside'>\n \u003ciframe\n loading='lazy'\n class='utils-parseShortcode-shortcodes-__youtubeShortcode__youtubePlayer'\n type='text/html'\n src='//www.youtube.com/embed/qVcFUIXEDZ8'\n title='//www.youtube.com/embed/qVcFUIXEDZ8'\n allowfullscreen='true'\n style='border:0;'>\u003c/iframe>\n \u003c/span>\n \u003c/span>\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003cp>This ad aired during Richard Nixon's re-election bid against Democratic challenger George McGovern in 1972. With the U.S. military still deeply engaged in the Vietnam War, Nixon's campaign sought to portray Democrats as weak on national defense, with policies that would place the nation in peril. It was sponsored by a group called \"Democrats for Nixon.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Nixon won with a whopping 97 percent of the electoral vote.\u003c/p>\n\u003ch4>Ronald Reagan's \"Morning In America\" (1984)\u003c/h4>\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003cspan class='utils-parseShortcode-shortcodes-__youtubeShortcode__embedYoutube'>\n \u003cspan class='utils-parseShortcode-shortcodes-__youtubeShortcode__embedYoutubeInside'>\n \u003ciframe\n loading='lazy'\n class='utils-parseShortcode-shortcodes-__youtubeShortcode__youtubePlayer'\n type='text/html'\n src='//www.youtube.com/embed/EU-IBF8nwSY'\n title='//www.youtube.com/embed/EU-IBF8nwSY'\n allowfullscreen='true'\n style='border:0;'>\u003c/iframe>\n \u003c/span>\n \u003c/span>\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003cp>Part of a series of 1984 Reagan campaign ads collectively known as \"Morning in America,\" this commercial effectively highlights idyllic scenes of productivity and suburban life to suggest that President Reagan had successfully restored American optimism and revived the economy from the prolonged period of high inflation and unemployment that had persisted under his Democratic predecessor Jimmy Carter. The ads helped Reagan handily defeat his Democratic opponent Walter Mondale, with 98 percent of the electoral vote.\u003c/p>\n\u003ch4>George H.W. Bush's \"Revolving Door\" (1988)\u003c/h4>\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003cspan class='utils-parseShortcode-shortcodes-__youtubeShortcode__embedYoutube'>\n \u003cspan class='utils-parseShortcode-shortcodes-__youtubeShortcode__embedYoutubeInside'>\n \u003ciframe\n loading='lazy'\n class='utils-parseShortcode-shortcodes-__youtubeShortcode__youtubePlayer'\n type='text/html'\n src='//www.youtube.com/embed/PmwhdDv8VrM'\n title='//www.youtube.com/embed/PmwhdDv8VrM'\n allowfullscreen='true'\n style='border:0;'>\u003c/iframe>\n \u003c/span>\n \u003c/span>\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003cp>This crushing ad attacked a program that Democratic presidential challenger Michael Dukakis had supported while he was governor of Massachusetts, allowing prisoners to be released on weekend furloughs. The ad capitalized on the case of Willie Horton, a Massachusetts state prison inmate and one of the program's participants, who in 1987 raped a woman while on weekend furlough. The black-and-white ad successfully cast doubt on Dukakis' ability to govern and protect public safety, striking a major blow to his campaign.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Bush won with 80 percent of the electoral vote.\u003c/p>\n\u003ch4>Bill Clinton's \"Man From Hope\" (1992)\u003c/h4>\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003cspan class='utils-parseShortcode-shortcodes-__youtubeShortcode__embedYoutube'>\n \u003cspan class='utils-parseShortcode-shortcodes-__youtubeShortcode__embedYoutubeInside'>\n \u003ciframe\n loading='lazy'\n class='utils-parseShortcode-shortcodes-__youtubeShortcode__youtubePlayer'\n type='text/html'\n src='//www.youtube.com/embed/Xq_x3JUwrU0'\n title='//www.youtube.com/embed/Xq_x3JUwrU0'\n allowfullscreen='true'\n style='border:0;'>\u003c/iframe>\n \u003c/span>\n \u003c/span>\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003cp>An edited down version of a much longer biographical film shown at the 1992 Democratic Convention, this commercial widely considered among the most compelling biographical ads ever made. Emphasizing Clinton's small town roots it conveys the candidate's strong work ethic, wisdom and sense of humanity.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Clinton defeated Republican incumbent George H.W. Bush with 69 percent of the electoral vote.\u003c/p>\n\u003ch4>George W. Bush's \"Windsurfing\" (2004)\u003c/h4>\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003cspan class='utils-parseShortcode-shortcodes-__youtubeShortcode__embedYoutube'>\n \u003cspan class='utils-parseShortcode-shortcodes-__youtubeShortcode__embedYoutubeInside'>\n \u003ciframe\n loading='lazy'\n class='utils-parseShortcode-shortcodes-__youtubeShortcode__youtubePlayer'\n type='text/html'\n src='//www.youtube.com/embed/pbdzMLk9wHQ'\n title='//www.youtube.com/embed/pbdzMLk9wHQ'\n allowfullscreen='true'\n style='border:0;'>\u003c/iframe>\n \u003c/span>\n \u003c/span>\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003cp>The most effective and memorable ad of the 2004 election, this drove home the Bush campaign's consistent allegation that Democratic challenger John Kerry was a “flip-flopper” who merely tailed the political winds.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Bush won with 53 percent of the electoral vote.\u003c/p>\n\u003ch4>Barack Obama's \"Yes We Can\" Web Ad (2008)\u003c/h4>\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003cspan class='utils-parseShortcode-shortcodes-__youtubeShortcode__embedYoutube'>\n \u003cspan class='utils-parseShortcode-shortcodes-__youtubeShortcode__embedYoutubeInside'>\n \u003ciframe\n loading='lazy'\n class='utils-parseShortcode-shortcodes-__youtubeShortcode__youtubePlayer'\n type='text/html'\n src='//www.youtube.com/embed/jjXyqcx-mYY'\n title='//www.youtube.com/embed/jjXyqcx-mYY'\n allowfullscreen='true'\n style='border:0;'>\u003c/iframe>\n \u003c/span>\n \u003c/span>\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003cp>Among the most unconventional campaign ads to date, this was only available on the web. Produced by Will.i.am of The Black Eyed Peas and Jesse Dylan (Bob Dylan's son), the ad put music to Obama's New Hampshire primary concession speech (after he lost the state to Hilary Clinton). It features a succession of over 30 celebrity performers singing his words. First posted on YouTube, the video quickly went viral, with over 26 million views in just a few days. It led to an online fundraising boom and a new wave of momentum for Obama's campaign.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"disqusTitle": "The Hayward Fault: Overdue for Disaster",
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"content": "\u003cp>Every year around this time, millions of people around the world participate in \u003ca href=\"http://www.shakeout.org/california/\" target=\"_blank\">The Great California ShakeOut\u003c/a>. It's an opportunity for communities to think about one very unpleasant fact: big earthquakes can and do happen.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The ShakeOut happens this month because here in California, it's \"\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/science/2015/10/08/its-earthquake-season-join-californias-great-shakeout/\" target=\"_blank\">Earthquake Season\u003c/a>.\" October 17 marks the anniversary of the \u003ca href=\"http://pubs.usgs.gov/dds/dds-29/\" target=\"_blank\">Loma Prieta earthquake\u003c/a>, which shook Northern California in 1989, killing 63 people and causing an estimated $6 billion in damage.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_84599\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 1400px\">\u003cimg class=\"size-full wp-image-84599\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2015/10/USGS_LomaPrieta_Marina.jpg\" alt=\"The Marina District of San Francisco was hit hard by the Loma Prieta earthquake.\" width=\"1400\" height=\"936\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/39/2015/10/USGS_LomaPrieta_Marina.jpg 1400w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/39/2015/10/USGS_LomaPrieta_Marina-400x267.jpg 400w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/39/2015/10/USGS_LomaPrieta_Marina-800x535.jpg 800w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/39/2015/10/USGS_LomaPrieta_Marina-1180x789.jpg 1180w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/39/2015/10/USGS_LomaPrieta_Marina-960x642.jpg 960w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 1400px) 100vw, 1400px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">The Marina District of San Francisco was hit hard by the Loma Prieta earthquake. \u003ccite>(Credit: U.S. Geological Survey)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>But there’s another big earthquake anniversary in October that people don’t hear much about. It predated the 1906 quake by nearly 40 years.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>On October 21, 1868, a magnitude 7.0 earthquake occurred on the \u003ca href=\"http://seismo.berkeley.edu/hayward/hayward_fault.html\" target=\"_blank\">Hayward Fault\u003c/a> in the East Bay. A lesser-known cousin of the \u003ca href=\"http://www.sanandreasfault.org/\" target=\"_blank\">San Andreas Fault\u003c/a>, the Hayward Fault is a crack in the earth’s crust up to 20 miles deep that stretches roughly 70 miles from San Pablo Bay in the north to Fremont and Milpitas at its southernmost end.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[contextly_auto_sidebar id=\"Idr82IP0vOAXDXScpJEacfwcmzIgFdSX\"]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In 1868, the towns of Hayward, San Leandro and Fremont were hardest hit. Luckily, the area had a population of only about 1000 people at the time. Still, 30 people died in the 1868 earthquake and hundreds of buildings from the East Bay to San Francisco to Gilroy were destroyed.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_84601\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 640px\">\u003cimg class=\"size-large wp-image-84601\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2015/10/Bancroft_mill_v1227-1440x960.jpg\" alt=\"A flour mill destroyed by an earthquake on the Hayward Fault on October 21, 1868.\" width=\"640\" height=\"427\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/39/2015/10/Bancroft_mill_v1227-1440x960.jpg 1440w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/39/2015/10/Bancroft_mill_v1227-400x267.jpg 400w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/39/2015/10/Bancroft_mill_v1227-800x533.jpg 800w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/39/2015/10/Bancroft_mill_v1227-1180x787.jpg 1180w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/39/2015/10/Bancroft_mill_v1227-960x640.jpg 960w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/39/2015/10/Bancroft_mill_v1227.jpg 1536w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 640px) 100vw, 640px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">A flour mill destroyed by an earthquake on the Hayward Fault on October 21, 1868. \u003ccite>(Credit: The Bancroft Library)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Research has shown that the last five big earthquakes on the Hayward Fault back to the year 1315 have occurred on average every 140 years. It has now been 147 years since the last big one.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>And today, more than 2.5 million people live within a stone’s throw of the Hayward Fault, including in densely populated areas like downtown Oakland. According to the \u003ca href=\"http://www.wgcep.org/UCERF3\" target=\"_blank\">U.S. Geological Survey’s 2015 statewide earthquake forecast\u003c/a>, for every year that passes without a significant seismic event, the chance of another massive earthquake on the Hayward Fault increases.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“It’s constantly moving, little amounts every year,” says Tom Brocher, a senior seismologist at the USGS in Menlo Park. “And it’s allowing the Earth to move very slowly without creating large earthquakes. The problem is it’s not moving enough. And so we’ll still have big earthquakes on the Hayward Fault to make up the difference.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_84603\" class=\"wp-caption alignright\" style=\"max-width: 800px\">\u003cimg class=\"wp-image-84603 size-medium\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2015/10/Hayward-fault-USGS_pagesized-800x1035.jpg\" alt=\"The Hayward Fault runs through much of the East Bay.\" width=\"800\" height=\"1035\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/39/2015/10/Hayward-fault-USGS_pagesized-800x1035.jpg 800w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/39/2015/10/Hayward-fault-USGS_pagesized-400x518.jpg 400w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/39/2015/10/Hayward-fault-USGS_pagesized-1180x1527.jpg 1180w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/39/2015/10/Hayward-fault-USGS_pagesized-960x1242.jpg 960w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/39/2015/10/Hayward-fault-USGS_pagesized.jpg 1224w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">The Hayward Fault runs through much of the East Bay. \u003ccite>(Credit: U.S. Geological Survey)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Over the last decade, paleoseismologists (geologists who study ancient earthquakes) at the USGS have been digging trenches across the Hayward Fault, peering into tectonic time in order to find evidence of fossil earthquakes. Once found, they are able to radiocarbon date the quakes to determine the magnitudes and dates they occurred.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>They dug one trench near the Fremont BART station where they were able to find evidence of 12 major earthquakes on the Hayward Fault over the last 2,000 years. Their conclusion: the Bay Area is overdue for another big one on the Hayward Fault.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In March, the USGS updated its California earthquake forecast report. According to the report, there’s a greater chance of a very large (magnitude 7.5 or greater) earthquake on the Hayward fault that was previously thought. The chance of that occurring in the next 30 years is 3.6 percent, which seems pretty low, but the probability is up 93.7 percent from the prior forecast seven years ago. It’s also more likely that there will be a 6.7 or greater earthquake on the Hayward fault in the next 30 years, with a probability of 14.4 percent, up 1.2 percent from the prior forecast.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Should we be more worried now? Andrew Alden, a geologist who runs the \u003ca href=\"https://oaklandgeology.wordpress.com/about/\" target=\"_blank\">Oakland Geology\u003c/a> blog, doesn’t think so.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“The state of the Earth’s crust is hardly different from what it was seven years ago when the USGS issued its previous forecast,” he wrote recently. “It’s we who have changed our knowledge and models have progressed.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Alden is referring in part to new technology that has been employed recently to deepen our understanding of tectonic activity. In May, UC Berkeley seismologist \u003ca href=\"http://www.rsmas.miami.edu/users/echaussard/SiteNew/Welcome.html\" target=\"_blank\">Estelle Chaussard\u003c/a> published an \u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/science/2015/05/28/two-faults-could-make-one-big-earthquake/\" target=\"_blank\">earthquake model \u003c/a>that provides the clearest picture yet of the relationship between the Hayward Fault and the Calaveras Fault, which lies just south of the Hayward Fault and runs from San Jose past Hollister.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Using a satellite-based imaging technique that very accurately surveys the ground, combined with high-resolution photography, Chaussard was able to detect the exact zones where the ground near the Hayward and Calaveras faults have been creeping.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The upshot? An end-to-end rupture of the Hayward Fault could cause an earthquake of magnitude 7.5. If that happened, there’s a high probability that the quake could continue onto the Calaveras Fault, causing it to rupture and raising the magnitude to around 7.8, spreading the devastation through the entire South Bay.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Needless to say, these types of events will be devastating to the 7 million people who live and work in the Bay Area. And the cost could easily reach upwards of $200 billion.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Stanford geophysicist Mary Lou Zoback specializes in risk and catastrophe modeling. The picture she paints of the Bay Area after a major earthquake on the Hayward Fault is nothing less than terrifying.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Roadways will be shut down, the soft, water-saturated sandy deposits along the margin of the bay where we have airports and approaches to bridges, they’re likely to liquefy, ripping apart the roads,” she says. “We can we assume transportation networks will be completely disrupted and destroyed. Water will likely be shut down. There will be fires because gas lines will rupture. There won’t be enough water to fight the fires. Power will be down. Communications will be down. I often say it would be a lot like Katrina but here, we’d be speaking 150 languages as well.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>There’s nothing anyone can do to prevent earthquakes or even to predict them. So why do we need to know all this scary stuff?\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“How quickly we recover from the earthquake,” says Brocher, “is determined by how well we’ve prepared for it.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Earthquake scientists and disaster officials recommend that every household prepare a quake plan, get \u003ca href=\"http://www.sf72.org/supplies\" target=\"_blank\">a kit to survive \u003c/a>for three days after a major earthquake and make sure the buildings you live and work in are reinforced and safe.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp> \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad floatright]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp> \u003c/p>\n\n",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>Every year around this time, millions of people around the world participate in \u003ca href=\"http://www.shakeout.org/california/\" target=\"_blank\">The Great California ShakeOut\u003c/a>. It's an opportunity for communities to think about one very unpleasant fact: big earthquakes can and do happen.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The ShakeOut happens this month because here in California, it's \"\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/science/2015/10/08/its-earthquake-season-join-californias-great-shakeout/\" target=\"_blank\">Earthquake Season\u003c/a>.\" October 17 marks the anniversary of the \u003ca href=\"http://pubs.usgs.gov/dds/dds-29/\" target=\"_blank\">Loma Prieta earthquake\u003c/a>, which shook Northern California in 1989, killing 63 people and causing an estimated $6 billion in damage.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_84599\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 1400px\">\u003cimg class=\"size-full wp-image-84599\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2015/10/USGS_LomaPrieta_Marina.jpg\" alt=\"The Marina District of San Francisco was hit hard by the Loma Prieta earthquake.\" width=\"1400\" height=\"936\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/39/2015/10/USGS_LomaPrieta_Marina.jpg 1400w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/39/2015/10/USGS_LomaPrieta_Marina-400x267.jpg 400w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/39/2015/10/USGS_LomaPrieta_Marina-800x535.jpg 800w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/39/2015/10/USGS_LomaPrieta_Marina-1180x789.jpg 1180w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/39/2015/10/USGS_LomaPrieta_Marina-960x642.jpg 960w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 1400px) 100vw, 1400px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">The Marina District of San Francisco was hit hard by the Loma Prieta earthquake. \u003ccite>(Credit: U.S. Geological Survey)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>But there’s another big earthquake anniversary in October that people don’t hear much about. It predated the 1906 quake by nearly 40 years.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>On October 21, 1868, a magnitude 7.0 earthquake occurred on the \u003ca href=\"http://seismo.berkeley.edu/hayward/hayward_fault.html\" target=\"_blank\">Hayward Fault\u003c/a> in the East Bay. A lesser-known cousin of the \u003ca href=\"http://www.sanandreasfault.org/\" target=\"_blank\">San Andreas Fault\u003c/a>, the Hayward Fault is a crack in the earth’s crust up to 20 miles deep that stretches roughly 70 miles from San Pablo Bay in the north to Fremont and Milpitas at its southernmost end.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[contextly_auto_sidebar id=\"Idr82IP0vOAXDXScpJEacfwcmzIgFdSX\"]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In 1868, the towns of Hayward, San Leandro and Fremont were hardest hit. Luckily, the area had a population of only about 1000 people at the time. Still, 30 people died in the 1868 earthquake and hundreds of buildings from the East Bay to San Francisco to Gilroy were destroyed.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_84601\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 640px\">\u003cimg class=\"size-large wp-image-84601\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2015/10/Bancroft_mill_v1227-1440x960.jpg\" alt=\"A flour mill destroyed by an earthquake on the Hayward Fault on October 21, 1868.\" width=\"640\" height=\"427\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/39/2015/10/Bancroft_mill_v1227-1440x960.jpg 1440w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/39/2015/10/Bancroft_mill_v1227-400x267.jpg 400w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/39/2015/10/Bancroft_mill_v1227-800x533.jpg 800w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/39/2015/10/Bancroft_mill_v1227-1180x787.jpg 1180w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/39/2015/10/Bancroft_mill_v1227-960x640.jpg 960w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/39/2015/10/Bancroft_mill_v1227.jpg 1536w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 640px) 100vw, 640px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">A flour mill destroyed by an earthquake on the Hayward Fault on October 21, 1868. \u003ccite>(Credit: The Bancroft Library)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Research has shown that the last five big earthquakes on the Hayward Fault back to the year 1315 have occurred on average every 140 years. It has now been 147 years since the last big one.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>And today, more than 2.5 million people live within a stone’s throw of the Hayward Fault, including in densely populated areas like downtown Oakland. According to the \u003ca href=\"http://www.wgcep.org/UCERF3\" target=\"_blank\">U.S. Geological Survey’s 2015 statewide earthquake forecast\u003c/a>, for every year that passes without a significant seismic event, the chance of another massive earthquake on the Hayward Fault increases.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“It’s constantly moving, little amounts every year,” says Tom Brocher, a senior seismologist at the USGS in Menlo Park. “And it’s allowing the Earth to move very slowly without creating large earthquakes. The problem is it’s not moving enough. And so we’ll still have big earthquakes on the Hayward Fault to make up the difference.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_84603\" class=\"wp-caption alignright\" style=\"max-width: 800px\">\u003cimg class=\"wp-image-84603 size-medium\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2015/10/Hayward-fault-USGS_pagesized-800x1035.jpg\" alt=\"The Hayward Fault runs through much of the East Bay.\" width=\"800\" height=\"1035\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/39/2015/10/Hayward-fault-USGS_pagesized-800x1035.jpg 800w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/39/2015/10/Hayward-fault-USGS_pagesized-400x518.jpg 400w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/39/2015/10/Hayward-fault-USGS_pagesized-1180x1527.jpg 1180w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/39/2015/10/Hayward-fault-USGS_pagesized-960x1242.jpg 960w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/39/2015/10/Hayward-fault-USGS_pagesized.jpg 1224w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">The Hayward Fault runs through much of the East Bay. \u003ccite>(Credit: U.S. Geological Survey)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Over the last decade, paleoseismologists (geologists who study ancient earthquakes) at the USGS have been digging trenches across the Hayward Fault, peering into tectonic time in order to find evidence of fossil earthquakes. Once found, they are able to radiocarbon date the quakes to determine the magnitudes and dates they occurred.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>They dug one trench near the Fremont BART station where they were able to find evidence of 12 major earthquakes on the Hayward Fault over the last 2,000 years. Their conclusion: the Bay Area is overdue for another big one on the Hayward Fault.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In March, the USGS updated its California earthquake forecast report. According to the report, there’s a greater chance of a very large (magnitude 7.5 or greater) earthquake on the Hayward fault that was previously thought. The chance of that occurring in the next 30 years is 3.6 percent, which seems pretty low, but the probability is up 93.7 percent from the prior forecast seven years ago. It’s also more likely that there will be a 6.7 or greater earthquake on the Hayward fault in the next 30 years, with a probability of 14.4 percent, up 1.2 percent from the prior forecast.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Should we be more worried now? Andrew Alden, a geologist who runs the \u003ca href=\"https://oaklandgeology.wordpress.com/about/\" target=\"_blank\">Oakland Geology\u003c/a> blog, doesn’t think so.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“The state of the Earth’s crust is hardly different from what it was seven years ago when the USGS issued its previous forecast,” he wrote recently. “It’s we who have changed our knowledge and models have progressed.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Alden is referring in part to new technology that has been employed recently to deepen our understanding of tectonic activity. In May, UC Berkeley seismologist \u003ca href=\"http://www.rsmas.miami.edu/users/echaussard/SiteNew/Welcome.html\" target=\"_blank\">Estelle Chaussard\u003c/a> published an \u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/science/2015/05/28/two-faults-could-make-one-big-earthquake/\" target=\"_blank\">earthquake model \u003c/a>that provides the clearest picture yet of the relationship between the Hayward Fault and the Calaveras Fault, which lies just south of the Hayward Fault and runs from San Jose past Hollister.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Using a satellite-based imaging technique that very accurately surveys the ground, combined with high-resolution photography, Chaussard was able to detect the exact zones where the ground near the Hayward and Calaveras faults have been creeping.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The upshot? An end-to-end rupture of the Hayward Fault could cause an earthquake of magnitude 7.5. If that happened, there’s a high probability that the quake could continue onto the Calaveras Fault, causing it to rupture and raising the magnitude to around 7.8, spreading the devastation through the entire South Bay.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Needless to say, these types of events will be devastating to the 7 million people who live and work in the Bay Area. And the cost could easily reach upwards of $200 billion.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Stanford geophysicist Mary Lou Zoback specializes in risk and catastrophe modeling. The picture she paints of the Bay Area after a major earthquake on the Hayward Fault is nothing less than terrifying.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Roadways will be shut down, the soft, water-saturated sandy deposits along the margin of the bay where we have airports and approaches to bridges, they’re likely to liquefy, ripping apart the roads,” she says. “We can we assume transportation networks will be completely disrupted and destroyed. Water will likely be shut down. There will be fires because gas lines will rupture. There won’t be enough water to fight the fires. Power will be down. Communications will be down. I often say it would be a lot like Katrina but here, we’d be speaking 150 languages as well.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>There’s nothing anyone can do to prevent earthquakes or even to predict them. So why do we need to know all this scary stuff?\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“How quickly we recover from the earthquake,” says Brocher, “is determined by how well we’ve prepared for it.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Earthquake scientists and disaster officials recommend that every household prepare a quake plan, get \u003ca href=\"http://www.sf72.org/supplies\" target=\"_blank\">a kit to survive \u003c/a>for three days after a major earthquake and make sure the buildings you live and work in are reinforced and safe.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp> \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"http://ca.pbslearningmedia.org/\">PBS LearningMedia\u003c/a>, the digital media library for teachers and learners, provides trusted content from PBS and partners like KQED to bring quality media into learning. This short tutorial offers suggestions on how to maximize PBS LearningMedia using folders. Folders can help to organize and share saved media easily in PBS LearningMedia. Here are a few ways to use folders.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=IeadGxWaSmw\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cb>Organization\u003c/b>\u003cbr>\nUse folders to organize media by subject or topic. You can use media that you have “favorited” in PBS LearningMedia. You can also add content or media from external links. Folders can be used to flip classroom assignments or to differentiate instruction.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cb>Collaboration\u003c/b>\u003cbr>\nFolders can be used to collaborate and share resources with cohorts of teachers, or to provide additional resources for students. Add notes or instructions to folders. Each folder has an open URL that can be emailed or share on a teacher website.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Those are a few ways folders in PBS LearningMedia can enhance and personalize learning. How is PBS LearningMedia supporting your learning goals? Find more ideas for using media to enhance learning at kqed.org/pbslm. Share how you are using PBS LearningMedia @kqededspace.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Sign up for the \u003ca href=\"http://e.kqed.org/pbslearningmediasignuplandingpage?emailAddress=Email+Address\">PBS LearningMedia California\u003c/a> newsletter to get resources to support teaching and learning with media.\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\n",
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"content": "\u003cp>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">Who doesn’t love robots? With a growing culture of makers, tinkerers and hackers, robotics can be a great way to excite and educate students about science, technology, engineering, math and computer science. However, introducing robotics projects and activities in the classroom can often be time-consuming, expensive and intimidating for teachers. So to help you out, here’s a list of some fun, easy-to-implement or inexpensive project ideas for both inside and outside the classroom.\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"http://pbskids.org/designsquad/build/bristle-bots/\">\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">Build a Bristle Bot\u003c/span>\u003c/a>\u003cbr>\n\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">This Design Squad activity uses simple supplies like the toothbrush heads, wires, scissors, tape, rubber bands, a button cell battery, and a 1- or 3-volt motor (you can probably find one in an old cellphone--it’s what causes your phone to vibrate--but you can also buy one new). Essentially, you attach the toothbrush head to the motor, connect it to a battery and off it goes. You could even dip these robots in paint and use them to paint a giant picture. This is a great activity to teach about circuitry or even \u003c/span>\u003ca href=\"http://www.precisionmicrodrives.com/vibrating-vibrator-vibration-motors\">\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">how motors work\u003c/span>\u003c/a>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">. \u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"http://robotbasic.org/index.html\">\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">RobotBasic\u003c/span>\u003c/a>\u003cbr>\n\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">Don’t have the materials or time to make a robot? That’s okay, you can still have students learn programming skills by using \u003c/span>\u003ca href=\"http://robotbasic.org/index.html\">\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">RobotBasic\u003c/span>\u003c/a>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">, a free robotic simulator. RobotBasic offers free PDF downloads of introductory robot-based projects for schools. Check out their \u003c/span>\u003ca href=\"http://robotbasic.org/7.html\">\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">resources\u003c/span>\u003c/a>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\"> for helping educators get started with teaching programming.\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"http://www.nsta.org/publications/news/story.aspx?id=51677\">\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">Girls, Robots and Education\u003c/span>\u003c/a>\u003cbr>\n\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">Deconstruct a broken toy robot, or bring in toy robots and run some experiments. In the article “\u003c/span>\u003ca href=\"http://www.nsta.org/publications/news/story.aspx?id=51677\">\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">Girls, Robots and Education\u003c/span>\u003c/a>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">,” authors \u003c/span>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">J. Jill Rogers, Marylin Lisowski, and Amy A. Rogers suggest having students “dissect” old robots and identify the various robot parts. Alternatively, you could ask students to bring in toy robots, or collect several yourself, and have students set up experiments to see if they can determine the types and locations of sensors in their toy robots. Check out the article for more details and resources.\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"http://www.popsci.com/build-umbrella-stand-outsmarts-rain\">\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">Build an Umbrella Stand that OutSmarts the Rain\u003c/span>\u003c/a>\u003cbr>\n\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">This may not be as easy to implement or inexpensive as the others, but it’s just so cool. Definitely more advanced than the others on this list, this activity uses \u003c/span>\u003ca href=\"http://littlebits.cc/cloud?utm_source=ShareASale&utm_medium=affiliate&utm_campaign=966033\">\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">littleBits\u003c/span>\u003c/a>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\"> modules to hook up an umbrella stand to a weather API. Using some programming, you can get the stand to light up if it’s going to rain, indicating you should take your umbrella with you when you go out. These instructions call for a 3D printer to make the stand itself, but you could probably build an umbrella stand based on materials you have around the home or classroom, which would offer the added bonus of providing an engineering challenge--making an umbrella stand from scratch!\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">And if you’re looking for some media about robotics, check out our short video\u003c/span>\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/2015/10/01/engineering-is-exploring-space-with-shape-shifting-robots/\">\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\"> Engineering Is Exploring Space with Shape-Shifting Robots\u003c/span>\u003c/a>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">. \u003c/span>\u003ca href=\"http://www.pbslearningmedia.org/search/?q=Robotics&selected_facets=&selected_facets=media_type_exact%3AVideo&selected_facets=media_type_exact%3ACollection&order=&page=1\">\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">PBS LearningMedia\u003c/span>\u003c/a>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\"> is also a great resource to find media on a variety of topics, including robotics.\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">We’d love to get your input too. Do you already incorporate robotics activities in your classroom? Do you have recommendations? If you try one of these activities, let us know how it goes. Write to us in the comments below or tweet us @KQEDedspace.\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\n",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">Who doesn’t love robots? With a growing culture of makers, tinkerers and hackers, robotics can be a great way to excite and educate students about science, technology, engineering, math and computer science. However, introducing robotics projects and activities in the classroom can often be time-consuming, expensive and intimidating for teachers. So to help you out, here’s a list of some fun, easy-to-implement or inexpensive project ideas for both inside and outside the classroom.\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"http://pbskids.org/designsquad/build/bristle-bots/\">\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">Build a Bristle Bot\u003c/span>\u003c/a>\u003cbr>\n\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">This Design Squad activity uses simple supplies like the toothbrush heads, wires, scissors, tape, rubber bands, a button cell battery, and a 1- or 3-volt motor (you can probably find one in an old cellphone--it’s what causes your phone to vibrate--but you can also buy one new). Essentially, you attach the toothbrush head to the motor, connect it to a battery and off it goes. You could even dip these robots in paint and use them to paint a giant picture. This is a great activity to teach about circuitry or even \u003c/span>\u003ca href=\"http://www.precisionmicrodrives.com/vibrating-vibrator-vibration-motors\">\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">how motors work\u003c/span>\u003c/a>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">. \u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"http://robotbasic.org/index.html\">\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">RobotBasic\u003c/span>\u003c/a>\u003cbr>\n\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">Don’t have the materials or time to make a robot? That’s okay, you can still have students learn programming skills by using \u003c/span>\u003ca href=\"http://robotbasic.org/index.html\">\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">RobotBasic\u003c/span>\u003c/a>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">, a free robotic simulator. RobotBasic offers free PDF downloads of introductory robot-based projects for schools. Check out their \u003c/span>\u003ca href=\"http://robotbasic.org/7.html\">\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">resources\u003c/span>\u003c/a>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\"> for helping educators get started with teaching programming.\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"http://www.nsta.org/publications/news/story.aspx?id=51677\">\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">Girls, Robots and Education\u003c/span>\u003c/a>\u003cbr>\n\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">Deconstruct a broken toy robot, or bring in toy robots and run some experiments. In the article “\u003c/span>\u003ca href=\"http://www.nsta.org/publications/news/story.aspx?id=51677\">\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">Girls, Robots and Education\u003c/span>\u003c/a>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">,” authors \u003c/span>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">J. Jill Rogers, Marylin Lisowski, and Amy A. Rogers suggest having students “dissect” old robots and identify the various robot parts. Alternatively, you could ask students to bring in toy robots, or collect several yourself, and have students set up experiments to see if they can determine the types and locations of sensors in their toy robots. Check out the article for more details and resources.\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"http://www.popsci.com/build-umbrella-stand-outsmarts-rain\">\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">Build an Umbrella Stand that OutSmarts the Rain\u003c/span>\u003c/a>\u003cbr>\n\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">This may not be as easy to implement or inexpensive as the others, but it’s just so cool. Definitely more advanced than the others on this list, this activity uses \u003c/span>\u003ca href=\"http://littlebits.cc/cloud?utm_source=ShareASale&utm_medium=affiliate&utm_campaign=966033\">\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">littleBits\u003c/span>\u003c/a>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\"> modules to hook up an umbrella stand to a weather API. Using some programming, you can get the stand to light up if it’s going to rain, indicating you should take your umbrella with you when you go out. These instructions call for a 3D printer to make the stand itself, but you could probably build an umbrella stand based on materials you have around the home or classroom, which would offer the added bonus of providing an engineering challenge--making an umbrella stand from scratch!\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">And if you’re looking for some media about robotics, check out our short video\u003c/span>\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/2015/10/01/engineering-is-exploring-space-with-shape-shifting-robots/\">\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\"> Engineering Is Exploring Space with Shape-Shifting Robots\u003c/span>\u003c/a>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">. \u003c/span>\u003ca href=\"http://www.pbslearningmedia.org/search/?q=Robotics&selected_facets=&selected_facets=media_type_exact%3AVideo&selected_facets=media_type_exact%3ACollection&order=&page=1\">\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">PBS LearningMedia\u003c/span>\u003c/a>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\"> is also a great resource to find media on a variety of topics, including robotics.\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">We’d love to get your input too. Do you already incorporate robotics activities in your classroom? Do you have recommendations? If you try one of these activities, let us know how it goes. Write to us in the comments below or tweet us @KQEDedspace.\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>",
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"content": "\u003cp>\u003c!-- iframe plugin v.4.3 wordpress.org/plugins/iframe/ -->\u003cbr>\n\u003ciframe width=\"100%\" height=\"700\" frameborder=\"0\" src=\"https://mgreen.cartodb.com/viz/65970b2e-6c4e-11e5-b372-0e5db1731f59/embed_map\" scrolling=\"yes\" class=\"iframe-class\">\u003c/iframe>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Following months of emotionally-charged debate, Gov. Jerry Brown on Monday signed \u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/news/2015/10/05/governor-brown-signs-physician-assisted-suicide-bill-into-law\" target=\"_blank\">landmark legislation\u003c/a> allowing terminally-ill patients to obtain lethal medication. When the measures goes into effect in 2016, California will become the fifth state to legalize physician-assisted suicide.\u003c!--more-->\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>[For a comprehensive list of current state laws and a curated set of arguments for and against the practice, check out \u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/lowdown/2015/10/06/california-becomes-fifth-state-to-legalize-physician-assisted-suicide-interactive-map/\" target=\"_blank\">ProCon.org\u003c/a>.] \u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The \"End of Life Option Act\" requires two different doctors to first determine that a patient has six months or less to live before prescribing lethal drugs. Patients must be physically able to swallow the pill-form medication themselves and have the mental capacity to make medical decisions.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“In the end, I was left to reflect on what I would want in the face of my own death,” Brown, who struggled with the decision, wrote in his signing message. “I do not know what I would do if I were dying in prolonged and excruciating pain. I am certain, however, that it would be a comfort to be able to consider the options afforded by this bill. And I wouldn’t deny that right to others.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>His signature at least temporarily halts a hotly-contested, 10-month debate that drew emotional testimony from lawmakers and cancer patients as well as disability advocates and members of the religious community.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The long-standing issue over physician-assisted suicide in California was reignited late last year amidst widespread media coverage of Brittany Maynard, a 29-year-old terminally-ill California resident, moved to Oregon to end her life legally, allowed under that state's Death With Dignity law.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Physician-assisted suicide is notably different from euthanasia. In the former, patients with a terminal diagnosis formally request a prescription from a doctor for a fatal dose of a drug (generally in pill form) which they can administer themselves privately when they wish, according to the end-of-life resource site \u003ca href=\"http://www.comfortcarechoices.com/index.php?option=com_content&view=article&id=89:whats-the-difference-between-physician-assisted-suicide-pas-and-euthanasia&catid=37:faqs&Itemid=72\" target=\"_blank\">Comfort Care Choices\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Euthanasia, on the other hand, involves a physician or other healthcare provider deliberately administering treatment -- such as a lethal injection -- to end a patient's life, with or without the patient's consent. Although not allowed anywhere in the U.S., the practice is legal in several northern European nations, including Belgium and the Netherlands.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Supporters of physician-assisted suicide argue that these laws allow terminally ill patients to avoid unbearable suffering and die on their own terms in a humane and dignified way. It also allows greater accountability and state oversight of the process, they contend, without taking away other end-of-life care options, giving patients more autonomy to make their own end-of-life decisions.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Those against the law include the Catholic Church and a number of other religious institutions who argue that life is a gift from God and should not be prematurely shortened under any circumstance. Other opponents fear that the law could result in caregivers pressuring patients to end their lives as a way of saving money or easing the burden of care.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>There is also strong concern that because physician-assisted suicide is often cheaper than end-of-life care, it may influence decisions made by patients, doctors and insurance companies. And, some opponents argue, it can be very difficult for doctors to accurately predict how much time certain patients have left live and how much influence intensive care can have in prolonging their lives.\u003c/p>\n\n",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>\u003c!-- iframe plugin v.4.3 wordpress.org/plugins/iframe/ -->\u003cbr>\n\u003ciframe width=\"100%\" height=\"700\" frameborder=\"0\" src=\"https://mgreen.cartodb.com/viz/65970b2e-6c4e-11e5-b372-0e5db1731f59/embed_map\" scrolling=\"yes\" class=\"iframe-class\">\u003c/iframe>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Following months of emotionally-charged debate, Gov. Jerry Brown on Monday signed \u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/news/2015/10/05/governor-brown-signs-physician-assisted-suicide-bill-into-law\" target=\"_blank\">landmark legislation\u003c/a> allowing terminally-ill patients to obtain lethal medication. When the measures goes into effect in 2016, California will become the fifth state to legalize physician-assisted suicide.\u003c!--more-->\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>[For a comprehensive list of current state laws and a curated set of arguments for and against the practice, check out \u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/lowdown/2015/10/06/california-becomes-fifth-state-to-legalize-physician-assisted-suicide-interactive-map/\" target=\"_blank\">ProCon.org\u003c/a>.] \u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The \"End of Life Option Act\" requires two different doctors to first determine that a patient has six months or less to live before prescribing lethal drugs. Patients must be physically able to swallow the pill-form medication themselves and have the mental capacity to make medical decisions.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“In the end, I was left to reflect on what I would want in the face of my own death,” Brown, who struggled with the decision, wrote in his signing message. “I do not know what I would do if I were dying in prolonged and excruciating pain. I am certain, however, that it would be a comfort to be able to consider the options afforded by this bill. And I wouldn’t deny that right to others.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>His signature at least temporarily halts a hotly-contested, 10-month debate that drew emotional testimony from lawmakers and cancer patients as well as disability advocates and members of the religious community.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The long-standing issue over physician-assisted suicide in California was reignited late last year amidst widespread media coverage of Brittany Maynard, a 29-year-old terminally-ill California resident, moved to Oregon to end her life legally, allowed under that state's Death With Dignity law.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Physician-assisted suicide is notably different from euthanasia. In the former, patients with a terminal diagnosis formally request a prescription from a doctor for a fatal dose of a drug (generally in pill form) which they can administer themselves privately when they wish, according to the end-of-life resource site \u003ca href=\"http://www.comfortcarechoices.com/index.php?option=com_content&view=article&id=89:whats-the-difference-between-physician-assisted-suicide-pas-and-euthanasia&catid=37:faqs&Itemid=72\" target=\"_blank\">Comfort Care Choices\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Euthanasia, on the other hand, involves a physician or other healthcare provider deliberately administering treatment -- such as a lethal injection -- to end a patient's life, with or without the patient's consent. Although not allowed anywhere in the U.S., the practice is legal in several northern European nations, including Belgium and the Netherlands.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Supporters of physician-assisted suicide argue that these laws allow terminally ill patients to avoid unbearable suffering and die on their own terms in a humane and dignified way. It also allows greater accountability and state oversight of the process, they contend, without taking away other end-of-life care options, giving patients more autonomy to make their own end-of-life decisions.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Those against the law include the Catholic Church and a number of other religious institutions who argue that life is a gift from God and should not be prematurely shortened under any circumstance. Other opponents fear that the law could result in caregivers pressuring patients to end their lives as a way of saving money or easing the burden of care.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>There is also strong concern that because physician-assisted suicide is often cheaper than end-of-life care, it may influence decisions made by patients, doctors and insurance companies. And, some opponents argue, it can be very difficult for doctors to accurately predict how much time certain patients have left live and how much influence intensive care can have in prolonging their lives.\u003c/p>\n\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>",
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"content": "\u003cp>https://youtu.be/y1uZcXsf8fs\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>UPDATED July 29, 2016\u003c/strong>\u003c!--more-->\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>If you watched any part of the Democratic National Convention this week, you probably noticed a small but visible group of attendees protesting something called the “TPP.” Some held signs and banners. Some even heckled during various speeches, including President Obama’s address Wednesday night.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The focus of discontent is a massive trade deal called the Trans-Pacific Partnership, a plan spearheaded by the Obama Administration that would set new trade rules between the United States and other eleven Pacific Rim nations. It has yet to be approved by Congress, and both major party nominees say they oppose the deal. The issue nevertheless has become a flashpoint in this year’s presidential campaign, particularly among some ardent supporters of former candidate Bernie Sanders, who remain suspicious of Hillary Clinton’s intentions.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>So why all the drama?\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>To help make some sense of it, we’ve put together a quick guide to the TPP. If you have questions that aren’t answered here, feel free to leave us a comment – we’ll do our best to get back to you.\u003c/p>\n\u003ch4>What is the TPP?\u003c/h4>\n\u003cp>The TPP is a trade agreement between the United States and 11 other Pacific-Rim nations: Australia, Brunei, Canada, Chile, Japan, Malaysia, Mexico, New Zealand, Peru, Singapore and Vietnam. The deal would reduce trade costs between these 12 countries, which are collectively responsible for about 40 percent of global GDP and roughly a third of global trade.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_18638\" class=\"wp-caption alignright\" style=\"max-width: 641px\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/lowdown/wp-content/uploads/sites/26/2015/06/CRB.jpg\">\u003cimg class=\"wp-image-18638 size-full\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/lowdown/wp-content/uploads/sites/26/2015/06/CRB.jpg\" alt=\"Congressional Research Bureau\" width=\"641\" height=\"817\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/26/2015/06/CRB.jpg 641w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/26/2015/06/CRB-400x510.jpg 400w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 641px) 100vw, 641px\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Congressional Research Service\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>After five years of negotiations, \u003ca href=\"http://www.reuters.com/article/us-trade-tpp-idUSKCN0VD08S\">the agreement\u003c/a> was agreed to and signed in February by representatives of all 12 member nations. But the deal can't go into effect until at least six of them individually ratify it -- and the U.S. and Japan must be included (because of the size of their economies)\u003cstrong>.\u003c/strong> In other words, if either Japanese or U.S. lawmakers fail to approve it, the TPP is dead in the water.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In Japan, lawmakers are \u003ca href=\"http://thediplomat.com/2015/10/what-the-tpp-means-for-japan/\">divided\u003c/a> about the merits of the deal, and unlikely to vote on it before 2017. And in the United States, Congress probably won't take it up until after the election. President Obama has said he's confident about the deal's chances, but a decent number of Democratic lawmakers continue to oppose it -- so ratification is far from assured.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Most notably absent from the deal is China, Asia’s largest economy, which already has free trade agreements with many of the TPP countries. It could, though, potentially\u003ca href=\"http://www.nytimes.com/2015/04/29/business/international/once-concerned-china-is-quiet-about-trans-pacific-trade-deal.html?_r=0\"> sign on in the future\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003ch4>What’s covered in the TPP?\u003c/h4>\n\u003cp>The deal is literally \u003ca href=\"https://ustr.gov/trade-agreements/free-trade-agreements/trans-pacific-partnership/tpp-full-text\">thousands of pages long\u003c/a>, and leisure reading it ain’t. So unless you’re game to scrutinize the whole thing, here are some key details:\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Tariffs - \u003c/strong>The TPP would reduce or eliminate tariffs (taxes on imports and exports) among signatory countries, making it easier and cheaper for those countries to trade with each other.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Environmental and labor standards -\u003c/strong> The TPP also addresses a host of issues that are less obviously trade-related, from illegal fishing to climate change to labor rights. For instance, it includes efforts to reduce forced labor, illegally traded plants and animals, and overfishing.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Intellectual property rights\u003c/strong>. The United States has pushed for stricter international enforcement of intellectual property rights, like patents and trademarks. Right now, U.S. law provides for longer copyright terms (life + 70 years) than most of the other TPP countries. The TPP would require those other countries to lengthen their copyright terms to match the U.S. standard.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Investor-state dispute settlement. \u003c/strong>These measures would, under certain circumstances, allow a private company to take legal action against the government of another member state. Let’s say, for example, that the Canadian government bans a certain pesticide because of environmental concerns. A U.S, chemical company that manufactures that pesticide could potentially sue the Canadian government to recover financial losses.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Read a more detailed rundown of provisions \u003ca href=\"https://www.fas.org/sgp/crs/row/R44278.pdf\">here\u003c/a>, or the full text \u003ca href=\"https://ustr.gov/trade-agreements/free-trade-agreements/trans-pacific-partnership/tpp-full-text\">here\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>https://youtu.be/7gBfiQQAuwQ\u003c/p>\n\u003ch4>Who supports the deal?\u003c/h4>\n\u003cp>The Obama Administration has pushed hard for the deal, arguing that it will \u003ca href=\"https://ustr.gov/tpp\">strengthen the U.S. economy\u003c/a> and help increase American exports to fast-growing Asian economies. If it takes effect, the TPP would be a powerful demonstration of the administration’s “pivot to Asia,” and a major foreign policy \u003ca href=\"http://www.nytimes.com/2015/06/15/world/asia/the-trans-pacific-trade-deal-and-a-presidents-legacy.html\">legacy\u003c/a> for the president. Interestingly, many Republican leaders in Congress who don’t usually agree with the president on much of anything also support the TPP. There’s actually more support in Congress from Republicans than from Democrats on this issue.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>A lot of \u003ca href=\"http://tppcoalition.org/about/\">business leaders\u003c/a> are also pushing for the deal, including many of America’s largest corporations: Exxon Mobil, General Electric, Walmart, Boeing, Coca Cola, Disney, Pfizer, Microsoft, Facebook, and many others. Entertainment and drug companies – like Disney and Pfizer – like the deal’s stringent intellectual property protections, while retailers and manufacturers – like Walmart and Boeing – want to be able to more easily sell their products in Asian markets. The deal could yield $78 billion in annual income gains for the U.S. – and global income gains of $295 billion annually, according to an \u003ca href=\"http://www.iie.com/publications/pb/pb12-16.pdf\">analysis\u003c/a> by the Peterson Institute for International Economics.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The more controversial question, however, is how the deal would impact U.S. jobs.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>A majority of Americans have a generally \u003ca href=\"http://www.gallup.com/opinion/polling-matters/190427/american-public-opinion-foreign-trade.aspx\">positive\u003c/a> view of free trade, according to several recent surveys. But the same polls also show real concern about the impact free trade can have on U.S. jobs. Along those lines, anti-trade rhetoric on the campaign trail often resonates strongly with those struggling to get by.\u003c/p>\n\u003ch4>Who opposes it?\u003c/h4>\n\u003cp>This is one of the few issues that Donald Trump supporters and liberal Democrats actually seem to agree on.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Donald Trump and Hillary Clinton both oppose the deal, but with very different levels of fervor. Trump has called it \"\u003ca href=\"https://ballotpedia.org/File:TrumpTPP,_2015-10-05_at_9.50.56_PM.png\">terrible deal\u003c/a>\" that would be a \"\u003ca href=\"http://www.politico.com/story/2016/06/full-transcript-trump-job-plan-speech-224891\">death blow\u003c/a> for American manufacturing.\" For Clinton, the issue is more nuanced. After initially wavering, she announced last fall that the final version of the agreement \u003ca href=\"https://www.washingtonpost.com/news/the-fix/wp/2015/10/13/the-oct-13-democratic-debate-who-said-what-and-what-it-means/\">did not meet her standards\u003c/a>. However, as Secretary of State in the Obama Administration, she \u003ca href=\"http://www.state.gov/secretary/20092013clinton/rm/2012/11/200565.htm\">supported\u003c/a> the initial workings of the deal. And that’s a big reason why some Bernie Sanders supporters don’t trust her on the issue.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>A number of left-leaning Democratic leaders -- notably Sanders and Elizabeth Warren -- strongly oppose the TPP on economic grounds. One of the main points of contention is that the deal was negotiated secretly; few knew what was on the table until after it had been signed.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Labor and environmental groups are also generally skeptical.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The \u003ca href=\"http://www.aflcio.org/Issues/Trade/Trans-Pacific-Partnership-Free-Trade-Agreement-TPP\">AFL-CIO\u003c/a> argues that the TPP focuses more on increasing corporate profits than on protecting American jobs and wages, and a \u003ca href=\"http://www.cepr.net/documents/publications/TPP-2013-09.pdf\">report\u003c/a> from the left-leaning Center for Economic and Policy Research makes the case that the TPP could actually increase income inequality. Unions are worried that the deal will make it easier for U.S. companies to move jobs out of the country to places where labor and production costs are much lower.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Meanwhile, the \u003ca href=\"http://action.sierraclub.org/site/DocServer/TPP_Enviro_Analysis.pdf?docID=14842\">Sierra Club\u003c/a> and a number of other green groups say that the deal’s environmental regulations are too weak. And other activists have voiced concern that the deal’s stronger intellectual property laws could \u003ca href=\"http://www.msfaccess.org/spotlight-on/trans-pacific-partnership-agreement\">limit access to generic drugs\u003c/a> in developing countries and restrict \u003ca href=\"https://www.eff.org/issues/tpp\">internet freedom\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c!-- iframe plugin v.4.3 wordpress.org/plugins/iframe/ -->\u003cbr>\n\u003ciframe width=\"100%\" height=\"166\" scrolling=\"no\" frameborder=\"no\" src=\"https://w.soundcloud.com/player/?url=https%3A//api.soundcloud.com/tracks/211684101&color=ff5500&auto_play=false&hide_related=false&show_comments=true&show_user=true&show_reposts=false\" class=\"iframe-class\">\u003c/iframe>\u003c/p>\n\u003ch4>How similar is the TPP to NAFTA?\u003c/h4>\n\u003cp>The North American Free Trade Agreement is a trade deal between the U.S., Mexico and Canada that took effect in 1994, under President Bill Clinton. The agreement got rid of most tariffs on goods traded between the three countries. It’s similar to the TPP, but much smaller in scope.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Like the TPP, NAFTA was highly contested when it passed, and Americans have \u003ca href=\"http://www.nytimes.com/2012/12/07/us/twenty-years-later-nafta-remains-a-source-of-tension.html\">continued\u003c/a> to disagree about its costs and benefits. Those who believe NAFTA has been good for the United States, argue that the TPP will expand \u003ca href=\"http://blogs.wsj.com/washwire/2013/12/11/qa-explaining-the-trans-pacific-partnership-talks/\">those benefits\u003c/a>; those who think NAFTA’s impact has been detrimental, \u003ca href=\"http://www.thenation.com/article/168627/nafta-steroids\">argue\u003c/a> it'll just make things that much worse.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>For his part, President Obama has tried to make the case that the TPP is \u003ca href=\"https://www.whitehouse.gov/blog/2015/04/23/chart-week-how-trans-pacific-partnership-improves-nafta\">different and better than NAFTA\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>It’s hard to tease out the exact impact that NAFTA's had on the U.S. economy. After it took effect, trade among the three countries did increase, and some U.S. manufacturing moved to Mexico.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The nonpartisan Congressional Research Service comes to a muted \u003ca href=\"http://www.fas.org/sgp/crs/row/R42965.pdf\">conclusion\u003c/a>: in the end, NAFTA “did not cause the huge job losses feared by the critics or the large economic gains predicted by supporters.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_18634\" class=\"wp-caption alignright\" style=\"max-width: 444px\">\u003cimg class=\" wp-image-18634\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/lowdown/wp-content/uploads/sites/26/2015/06/wto-protest3.jpg\" alt=\"WTO protestors in Seattle, 1999.\" width=\"444\" height=\"286\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">WTO protestors in Seattle, 1999. \u003ccite>(Photo by Al Crespo, courtesy University of Washington)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>In the years since NAFTA was passed, trade deals have continued to stir up strong emotions. In 1999, some \u003ca href=\"http://www.seattlepi.com/local/article/WTO-riots-in-Seattle-15-years-ago-5915088.php\">40,000 protestors\u003c/a> set up camp around the World Trade Organization meeting in Seattle. The activists there included many of the groups that opposed NAFTA and that now oppose the TPP – unions, environmental groups, and consumer protection organizations. The event became known as the “Battle in Seattle,” after a series of serious clashes between protestors and police.\u003c/p>\n\u003ch4>And finally ... why should I care about any of this?\u003c/h4>\n\u003cp>Let’s be honest: there’s nothing too sexy about international trade deals.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But like it or not, we live in a globalized world. And if you buy stuff on a regular basis, you're probably more affected by international trade agreements than you might realize.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The majority of products we purchase -- from cars to clothing, computers to smartphones, even lots of foods -- are manufactured (or grown) through a vast global production process.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Trade deals can make it easier or harder for companies to produce things -- impacting jobs, pay, working conditions, and the price tag of products once they hit the store … like that shiny new iPhone you’ve been eyeing.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>And unlike those painfully dull 19\u003csup>th\u003c/sup> century trade deals you likely snoozed through in history class, modern-day trade agreements address all kinds of controversial political issues that hardly seem connected to trade at all, like climate change, collective bargaining rights, music piracy -- even rules about how your online data is stored.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad floatright]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>So stay tuned.\u003c/p>\n\n",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003cspan class='utils-parseShortcode-shortcodes-__youtubeShortcode__embedYoutube'>\n \u003cspan class='utils-parseShortcode-shortcodes-__youtubeShortcode__embedYoutubeInside'>\n \u003ciframe\n loading='lazy'\n class='utils-parseShortcode-shortcodes-__youtubeShortcode__youtubePlayer'\n type='text/html'\n src='//www.youtube.com/embed/y1uZcXsf8fs'\n title='//www.youtube.com/embed/y1uZcXsf8fs'\n allowfullscreen='true'\n style='border:0;'>\u003c/iframe>\n \u003c/span>\n \u003c/span>\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003cp>\u003cstrong>UPDATED July 29, 2016\u003c/strong>\u003c!--more-->\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>If you watched any part of the Democratic National Convention this week, you probably noticed a small but visible group of attendees protesting something called the “TPP.” Some held signs and banners. Some even heckled during various speeches, including President Obama’s address Wednesday night.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The focus of discontent is a massive trade deal called the Trans-Pacific Partnership, a plan spearheaded by the Obama Administration that would set new trade rules between the United States and other eleven Pacific Rim nations. It has yet to be approved by Congress, and both major party nominees say they oppose the deal. The issue nevertheless has become a flashpoint in this year’s presidential campaign, particularly among some ardent supporters of former candidate Bernie Sanders, who remain suspicious of Hillary Clinton’s intentions.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>So why all the drama?\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>To help make some sense of it, we’ve put together a quick guide to the TPP. If you have questions that aren’t answered here, feel free to leave us a comment – we’ll do our best to get back to you.\u003c/p>\n\u003ch4>What is the TPP?\u003c/h4>\n\u003cp>The TPP is a trade agreement between the United States and 11 other Pacific-Rim nations: Australia, Brunei, Canada, Chile, Japan, Malaysia, Mexico, New Zealand, Peru, Singapore and Vietnam. The deal would reduce trade costs between these 12 countries, which are collectively responsible for about 40 percent of global GDP and roughly a third of global trade.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_18638\" class=\"wp-caption alignright\" style=\"max-width: 641px\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/lowdown/wp-content/uploads/sites/26/2015/06/CRB.jpg\">\u003cimg class=\"wp-image-18638 size-full\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/lowdown/wp-content/uploads/sites/26/2015/06/CRB.jpg\" alt=\"Congressional Research Bureau\" width=\"641\" height=\"817\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/26/2015/06/CRB.jpg 641w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/26/2015/06/CRB-400x510.jpg 400w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 641px) 100vw, 641px\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Congressional Research Service\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>After five years of negotiations, \u003ca href=\"http://www.reuters.com/article/us-trade-tpp-idUSKCN0VD08S\">the agreement\u003c/a> was agreed to and signed in February by representatives of all 12 member nations. But the deal can't go into effect until at least six of them individually ratify it -- and the U.S. and Japan must be included (because of the size of their economies)\u003cstrong>.\u003c/strong> In other words, if either Japanese or U.S. lawmakers fail to approve it, the TPP is dead in the water.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In Japan, lawmakers are \u003ca href=\"http://thediplomat.com/2015/10/what-the-tpp-means-for-japan/\">divided\u003c/a> about the merits of the deal, and unlikely to vote on it before 2017. And in the United States, Congress probably won't take it up until after the election. President Obama has said he's confident about the deal's chances, but a decent number of Democratic lawmakers continue to oppose it -- so ratification is far from assured.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Most notably absent from the deal is China, Asia’s largest economy, which already has free trade agreements with many of the TPP countries. It could, though, potentially\u003ca href=\"http://www.nytimes.com/2015/04/29/business/international/once-concerned-china-is-quiet-about-trans-pacific-trade-deal.html?_r=0\"> sign on in the future\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003ch4>What’s covered in the TPP?\u003c/h4>\n\u003cp>The deal is literally \u003ca href=\"https://ustr.gov/trade-agreements/free-trade-agreements/trans-pacific-partnership/tpp-full-text\">thousands of pages long\u003c/a>, and leisure reading it ain’t. So unless you’re game to scrutinize the whole thing, here are some key details:\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Tariffs - \u003c/strong>The TPP would reduce or eliminate tariffs (taxes on imports and exports) among signatory countries, making it easier and cheaper for those countries to trade with each other.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Environmental and labor standards -\u003c/strong> The TPP also addresses a host of issues that are less obviously trade-related, from illegal fishing to climate change to labor rights. For instance, it includes efforts to reduce forced labor, illegally traded plants and animals, and overfishing.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Intellectual property rights\u003c/strong>. The United States has pushed for stricter international enforcement of intellectual property rights, like patents and trademarks. Right now, U.S. law provides for longer copyright terms (life + 70 years) than most of the other TPP countries. The TPP would require those other countries to lengthen their copyright terms to match the U.S. standard.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Investor-state dispute settlement. \u003c/strong>These measures would, under certain circumstances, allow a private company to take legal action against the government of another member state. Let’s say, for example, that the Canadian government bans a certain pesticide because of environmental concerns. A U.S, chemical company that manufactures that pesticide could potentially sue the Canadian government to recover financial losses.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Read a more detailed rundown of provisions \u003ca href=\"https://www.fas.org/sgp/crs/row/R44278.pdf\">here\u003c/a>, or the full text \u003ca href=\"https://ustr.gov/trade-agreements/free-trade-agreements/trans-pacific-partnership/tpp-full-text\">here\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003cspan class='utils-parseShortcode-shortcodes-__youtubeShortcode__embedYoutube'>\n \u003cspan class='utils-parseShortcode-shortcodes-__youtubeShortcode__embedYoutubeInside'>\n \u003ciframe\n loading='lazy'\n class='utils-parseShortcode-shortcodes-__youtubeShortcode__youtubePlayer'\n type='text/html'\n src='//www.youtube.com/embed/7gBfiQQAuwQ'\n title='//www.youtube.com/embed/7gBfiQQAuwQ'\n allowfullscreen='true'\n style='border:0;'>\u003c/iframe>\n \u003c/span>\n \u003c/span>\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003ch4>Who supports the deal?\u003c/h4>\n\u003cp>The Obama Administration has pushed hard for the deal, arguing that it will \u003ca href=\"https://ustr.gov/tpp\">strengthen the U.S. economy\u003c/a> and help increase American exports to fast-growing Asian economies. If it takes effect, the TPP would be a powerful demonstration of the administration’s “pivot to Asia,” and a major foreign policy \u003ca href=\"http://www.nytimes.com/2015/06/15/world/asia/the-trans-pacific-trade-deal-and-a-presidents-legacy.html\">legacy\u003c/a> for the president. Interestingly, many Republican leaders in Congress who don’t usually agree with the president on much of anything also support the TPP. There’s actually more support in Congress from Republicans than from Democrats on this issue.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>A lot of \u003ca href=\"http://tppcoalition.org/about/\">business leaders\u003c/a> are also pushing for the deal, including many of America’s largest corporations: Exxon Mobil, General Electric, Walmart, Boeing, Coca Cola, Disney, Pfizer, Microsoft, Facebook, and many others. Entertainment and drug companies – like Disney and Pfizer – like the deal’s stringent intellectual property protections, while retailers and manufacturers – like Walmart and Boeing – want to be able to more easily sell their products in Asian markets. The deal could yield $78 billion in annual income gains for the U.S. – and global income gains of $295 billion annually, according to an \u003ca href=\"http://www.iie.com/publications/pb/pb12-16.pdf\">analysis\u003c/a> by the Peterson Institute for International Economics.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The more controversial question, however, is how the deal would impact U.S. jobs.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>A majority of Americans have a generally \u003ca href=\"http://www.gallup.com/opinion/polling-matters/190427/american-public-opinion-foreign-trade.aspx\">positive\u003c/a> view of free trade, according to several recent surveys. But the same polls also show real concern about the impact free trade can have on U.S. jobs. Along those lines, anti-trade rhetoric on the campaign trail often resonates strongly with those struggling to get by.\u003c/p>\n\u003ch4>Who opposes it?\u003c/h4>\n\u003cp>This is one of the few issues that Donald Trump supporters and liberal Democrats actually seem to agree on.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Donald Trump and Hillary Clinton both oppose the deal, but with very different levels of fervor. Trump has called it \"\u003ca href=\"https://ballotpedia.org/File:TrumpTPP,_2015-10-05_at_9.50.56_PM.png\">terrible deal\u003c/a>\" that would be a \"\u003ca href=\"http://www.politico.com/story/2016/06/full-transcript-trump-job-plan-speech-224891\">death blow\u003c/a> for American manufacturing.\" For Clinton, the issue is more nuanced. After initially wavering, she announced last fall that the final version of the agreement \u003ca href=\"https://www.washingtonpost.com/news/the-fix/wp/2015/10/13/the-oct-13-democratic-debate-who-said-what-and-what-it-means/\">did not meet her standards\u003c/a>. However, as Secretary of State in the Obama Administration, she \u003ca href=\"http://www.state.gov/secretary/20092013clinton/rm/2012/11/200565.htm\">supported\u003c/a> the initial workings of the deal. And that’s a big reason why some Bernie Sanders supporters don’t trust her on the issue.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>A number of left-leaning Democratic leaders -- notably Sanders and Elizabeth Warren -- strongly oppose the TPP on economic grounds. One of the main points of contention is that the deal was negotiated secretly; few knew what was on the table until after it had been signed.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Labor and environmental groups are also generally skeptical.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The \u003ca href=\"http://www.aflcio.org/Issues/Trade/Trans-Pacific-Partnership-Free-Trade-Agreement-TPP\">AFL-CIO\u003c/a> argues that the TPP focuses more on increasing corporate profits than on protecting American jobs and wages, and a \u003ca href=\"http://www.cepr.net/documents/publications/TPP-2013-09.pdf\">report\u003c/a> from the left-leaning Center for Economic and Policy Research makes the case that the TPP could actually increase income inequality. Unions are worried that the deal will make it easier for U.S. companies to move jobs out of the country to places where labor and production costs are much lower.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Meanwhile, the \u003ca href=\"http://action.sierraclub.org/site/DocServer/TPP_Enviro_Analysis.pdf?docID=14842\">Sierra Club\u003c/a> and a number of other green groups say that the deal’s environmental regulations are too weak. And other activists have voiced concern that the deal’s stronger intellectual property laws could \u003ca href=\"http://www.msfaccess.org/spotlight-on/trans-pacific-partnership-agreement\">limit access to generic drugs\u003c/a> in developing countries and restrict \u003ca href=\"https://www.eff.org/issues/tpp\">internet freedom\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c!-- iframe plugin v.4.3 wordpress.org/plugins/iframe/ -->\u003cbr>\n\u003ciframe width=\"100%\" height=\"166\" scrolling=\"no\" frameborder=\"no\" src=\"https://w.soundcloud.com/player/?url=https%3A//api.soundcloud.com/tracks/211684101&color=ff5500&auto_play=false&hide_related=false&show_comments=true&show_user=true&show_reposts=false\" class=\"iframe-class\">\u003c/iframe>\u003c/p>\n\u003ch4>How similar is the TPP to NAFTA?\u003c/h4>\n\u003cp>The North American Free Trade Agreement is a trade deal between the U.S., Mexico and Canada that took effect in 1994, under President Bill Clinton. The agreement got rid of most tariffs on goods traded between the three countries. It’s similar to the TPP, but much smaller in scope.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Like the TPP, NAFTA was highly contested when it passed, and Americans have \u003ca href=\"http://www.nytimes.com/2012/12/07/us/twenty-years-later-nafta-remains-a-source-of-tension.html\">continued\u003c/a> to disagree about its costs and benefits. Those who believe NAFTA has been good for the United States, argue that the TPP will expand \u003ca href=\"http://blogs.wsj.com/washwire/2013/12/11/qa-explaining-the-trans-pacific-partnership-talks/\">those benefits\u003c/a>; those who think NAFTA’s impact has been detrimental, \u003ca href=\"http://www.thenation.com/article/168627/nafta-steroids\">argue\u003c/a> it'll just make things that much worse.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>For his part, President Obama has tried to make the case that the TPP is \u003ca href=\"https://www.whitehouse.gov/blog/2015/04/23/chart-week-how-trans-pacific-partnership-improves-nafta\">different and better than NAFTA\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>It’s hard to tease out the exact impact that NAFTA's had on the U.S. economy. After it took effect, trade among the three countries did increase, and some U.S. manufacturing moved to Mexico.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The nonpartisan Congressional Research Service comes to a muted \u003ca href=\"http://www.fas.org/sgp/crs/row/R42965.pdf\">conclusion\u003c/a>: in the end, NAFTA “did not cause the huge job losses feared by the critics or the large economic gains predicted by supporters.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_18634\" class=\"wp-caption alignright\" style=\"max-width: 444px\">\u003cimg class=\" wp-image-18634\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/lowdown/wp-content/uploads/sites/26/2015/06/wto-protest3.jpg\" alt=\"WTO protestors in Seattle, 1999.\" width=\"444\" height=\"286\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">WTO protestors in Seattle, 1999. \u003ccite>(Photo by Al Crespo, courtesy University of Washington)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>In the years since NAFTA was passed, trade deals have continued to stir up strong emotions. In 1999, some \u003ca href=\"http://www.seattlepi.com/local/article/WTO-riots-in-Seattle-15-years-ago-5915088.php\">40,000 protestors\u003c/a> set up camp around the World Trade Organization meeting in Seattle. The activists there included many of the groups that opposed NAFTA and that now oppose the TPP – unions, environmental groups, and consumer protection organizations. The event became known as the “Battle in Seattle,” after a series of serious clashes between protestors and police.\u003c/p>\n\u003ch4>And finally ... why should I care about any of this?\u003c/h4>\n\u003cp>Let’s be honest: there’s nothing too sexy about international trade deals.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But like it or not, we live in a globalized world. And if you buy stuff on a regular basis, you're probably more affected by international trade agreements than you might realize.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The majority of products we purchase -- from cars to clothing, computers to smartphones, even lots of foods -- are manufactured (or grown) through a vast global production process.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Trade deals can make it easier or harder for companies to produce things -- impacting jobs, pay, working conditions, and the price tag of products once they hit the store … like that shiny new iPhone you’ve been eyeing.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>And unlike those painfully dull 19\u003csup>th\u003c/sup> century trade deals you likely snoozed through in history class, modern-day trade agreements address all kinds of controversial political issues that hardly seem connected to trade at all, like climate change, collective bargaining rights, music piracy -- even rules about how your online data is stored.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cp>On the morning of Thursday, Oct. 1, a heavily armed gunman walked into a community college classroom in Roseburg, OR, slaughtering nine people before taking his own life. It marks yet another mass shooting in a nation where gun deaths occur with alarming frequency.\u003c!--more-->\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The following guide suggests balanced ways for teachers to explore and navigate the highly-charged political and emotional issues behind the topic of gun control and gun violence.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Produced in 2013 in the wake of the Sandy Hook Elementary School massacre, this project is a collaboration with the \u003ca href=\"www.nwp.org\" target=\"_blank\">National Writing Project\u003c/a>, and was written by two English language arts high school teachers - Kirsten Spall of Natomas Charter High School (Sacramento) and Chris Sloan of Judge Memorial Catholic School (Salt Lake City).\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Based on content featured on The Lowdown, the guide provides ideas for integrating these heated issues into English language arts and social studies curriculum. It includes Common Core Standards Alignment, a synopsis of key background information, integration tips, and lists of issue pros and cons, creative writing prompts and best classroom practices.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/lowdown/wp-content/uploads/sites/26/2015/10/guncontrol_guide_final.pdf\" target=\"_blank\">Download the guide (PDF)\u003c/a>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>https://ww2.kqed.org/lowdown/wp-content/uploads/sites/26/2015/10/guncontrol_guide_final.pdf\u003c/p>\n\n",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>On the morning of Thursday, Oct. 1, a heavily armed gunman walked into a community college classroom in Roseburg, OR, slaughtering nine people before taking his own life. It marks yet another mass shooting in a nation where gun deaths occur with alarming frequency.\u003c!--more-->\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The following guide suggests balanced ways for teachers to explore and navigate the highly-charged political and emotional issues behind the topic of gun control and gun violence.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Produced in 2013 in the wake of the Sandy Hook Elementary School massacre, this project is a collaboration with the \u003ca href=\"www.nwp.org\" target=\"_blank\">National Writing Project\u003c/a>, and was written by two English language arts high school teachers - Kirsten Spall of Natomas Charter High School (Sacramento) and Chris Sloan of Judge Memorial Catholic School (Salt Lake City).\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Based on content featured on The Lowdown, the guide provides ideas for integrating these heated issues into English language arts and social studies curriculum. It includes Common Core Standards Alignment, a synopsis of key background information, integration tips, and lists of issue pros and cons, creative writing prompts and best classroom practices.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/lowdown/wp-content/uploads/sites/26/2015/10/guncontrol_guide_final.pdf\" target=\"_blank\">Download the guide (PDF)\u003c/a>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cp>[http_redir]\u003cbr>\n\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/lowdown/wp-content/uploads/sites/26/2015/10/FT_15.09.28_ImmigationMapsGIF.gif\">\u003cimg class=\"alignnone size-full wp-image-19836\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/lowdown/wp-content/uploads/sites/26/2015/10/FT_15.09.28_ImmigationMapsGIF.gif\" alt=\"FT_15.09.28_ImmigationMapsGIF\" width=\"889\" height=\"719\">\u003c/a>\u003c/p>\n\u003caside class=\"alignright\">\n\u003ch4>Teaching suggestions\u003c/h4>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>Ideas provided by Jessica Tyson, a 9th grade social studies teacher at Oakland Technical High School\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\u003cul>\n\u003cli>Ask students to choose two different decades on the map or the timeline below it, and describe the population change that occurred between them\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>Have students research and come up with an explanation for this change. What factors influenced that change?\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>Ask students to deliver mini-presentations using the map/timeline as visual aids to explain causes and effects of specific population changes in certain states over time.\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>If you're in the middle of a longer immigration unit, strategically assign the two points to different students with the goal of the whole class creating a continuous narrative.\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>Download this free lesson plan produced by the UC Berkeley History-Social Science Project: \u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/lowdown/wp-content/uploads/sites/26/2015/10/Mexican-Immigration-in-the-20th-Century-Lesson.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Mexican Immigration in the 20th Century\u003c/a>\u003c/li>\n\u003c/ul>\n\u003c/aside>\n\u003cp>An immigration bill passed by Congress fifty years ago this week led to dramatic changes in America's racial and ethnic composition.\u003c!--more-->\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In 1965, fewer than 5 percent of Americans were foreign-born, the vast majority white from European countries. Today, 14 percent of the U.S. population is foreign-born (45 million). Of those, nearly half are from Latin America and more than a quarter from Asia, according to a recent \u003ca href=\"http://www.pewhispanic.org/2015/09/28/modern-immigration-wave-brings-59-million-to-u-s-driving-population-growth-and-change-through-2065/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Pew Research\u003c/a> analysis. By 2065, Pew predicts, the foreign-born population will grow to nearly 18 percent -- about 78 million people -- with Asians surpassing Hispanics as the largest immigrant group.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/lowdown/wp-content/uploads/sites/26/2015/10/asians-projected-to-become-the-largest-immigrant-group-surpassing-hispanics-e1443765624828.png\">\u003cimg class=\"alignnone size-full wp-image-19764\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/lowdown/wp-content/uploads/sites/26/2015/10/asians-projected-to-become-the-largest-immigrant-group-surpassing-hispanics-e1443765624828.png\" alt=\"asians-projected-to-become-the-largest-immigrant-group-surpassing-hispanics\" width=\"415\" height=\"434\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/26/2015/10/asians-projected-to-become-the-largest-immigrant-group-surpassing-hispanics-e1443765624828.png 415w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/26/2015/10/asians-projected-to-become-the-largest-immigrant-group-surpassing-hispanics-e1443765624828-400x418.png 400w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/26/2015/10/asians-projected-to-become-the-largest-immigrant-group-surpassing-hispanics-e1443765624828-32x32.png 32w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 415px) 100vw, 415px\">\u003c/a>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>This trajectory is rooted in the \u003ca href=\"http://library.uwb.edu/guides/usimmigration/1965_immigration_and_nationality_act.html\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Immigration and Nationality Act of 1965. \u003c/a>Signed by President Lyndon Johnson on October 3, it eliminated the race-based quota system that had dictated U.S. immigration policy since the 1920s. The new law prioritized immigrants' skills and family reunification and almost doubled the number of annual visas allotted, opening the doors to a new tide of immigrants from Latin America and Asia. Since then, nearly 59 million immigrants have come to live in the U.S. Along with their children, they make up more than half of America's population growth in the last 50 years, literally reshaping the face of the nation.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>Explore this interactive timeline of U.S. immigration laws and they're impact on the relative size of the foreign-born population.\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c!-- iframe plugin v.4.3 wordpress.org/plugins/iframe/ -->\u003cbr>\n\u003ciframe src=\"http://www.pewhispanic.org/interactives/immigration-law-timeline/iframe/\" width=\"650\" height=\"900\" scrolling=\"yes\" class=\"iframe-class\" frameborder=\"0\">\u003c/iframe>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>More than 40 million current U.S. residents — legal and undocumented — were born elsewhere. That makes America the top destination in the world for immigrants.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Not surprisingly, more U.S. immigrants come from Mexico than anywhere else: roughly 11.7 million people — or 29 percent of all U.S. immigrants. That’s about five times the number of immigrants from China, the second-largest group.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Mexicans now make up the largest foreign-born population in 33 states. But, as Jens Manuel Kroogstad at\u003ca href=\"http://www.pewresearch.org/fact-tank/2014/05/27/a-shift-from-germany-to-mexico-for-americas-immigrants/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"> Pew Research\u003c/a> notes, it wasn’t always this way. A century ago, another huge wave of immigrants flooded into the United States: between 1890 and 1919, more than 18 million newcomers, mostly from Europe, settled here.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In his analysis of U.S. Census data from 1910, Kroogstad found that 18 percent of all U.S. immigrants — about 2.5 million people — came from Germany, far more than any other country. Germans made up the largest immigrant group in 17 states and the the District of Columbia. Immigrants from Russia and other former Soviet countries were the second largest group (11 percent, or 1.6 million). Mexicans, by contrast, were the majority immigrant population in only three states: Arizona, New Mexico and Texas.\u003c/p>\n\n",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>[http_redir]\u003cbr>\n\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/lowdown/wp-content/uploads/sites/26/2015/10/FT_15.09.28_ImmigationMapsGIF.gif\">\u003cimg class=\"alignnone size-full wp-image-19836\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/lowdown/wp-content/uploads/sites/26/2015/10/FT_15.09.28_ImmigationMapsGIF.gif\" alt=\"FT_15.09.28_ImmigationMapsGIF\" width=\"889\" height=\"719\">\u003c/a>\u003c/p>\n\u003caside class=\"alignright\">\n\u003ch4>Teaching suggestions\u003c/h4>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>Ideas provided by Jessica Tyson, a 9th grade social studies teacher at Oakland Technical High School\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\u003cul>\n\u003cli>Ask students to choose two different decades on the map or the timeline below it, and describe the population change that occurred between them\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>Have students research and come up with an explanation for this change. What factors influenced that change?\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>Ask students to deliver mini-presentations using the map/timeline as visual aids to explain causes and effects of specific population changes in certain states over time.\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>If you're in the middle of a longer immigration unit, strategically assign the two points to different students with the goal of the whole class creating a continuous narrative.\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>Download this free lesson plan produced by the UC Berkeley History-Social Science Project: \u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/lowdown/wp-content/uploads/sites/26/2015/10/Mexican-Immigration-in-the-20th-Century-Lesson.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Mexican Immigration in the 20th Century\u003c/a>\u003c/li>\n\u003c/ul>\n\u003c/aside>\n\u003cp>An immigration bill passed by Congress fifty years ago this week led to dramatic changes in America's racial and ethnic composition.\u003c!--more-->\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In 1965, fewer than 5 percent of Americans were foreign-born, the vast majority white from European countries. Today, 14 percent of the U.S. population is foreign-born (45 million). Of those, nearly half are from Latin America and more than a quarter from Asia, according to a recent \u003ca href=\"http://www.pewhispanic.org/2015/09/28/modern-immigration-wave-brings-59-million-to-u-s-driving-population-growth-and-change-through-2065/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Pew Research\u003c/a> analysis. By 2065, Pew predicts, the foreign-born population will grow to nearly 18 percent -- about 78 million people -- with Asians surpassing Hispanics as the largest immigrant group.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/lowdown/wp-content/uploads/sites/26/2015/10/asians-projected-to-become-the-largest-immigrant-group-surpassing-hispanics-e1443765624828.png\">\u003cimg class=\"alignnone size-full wp-image-19764\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/lowdown/wp-content/uploads/sites/26/2015/10/asians-projected-to-become-the-largest-immigrant-group-surpassing-hispanics-e1443765624828.png\" alt=\"asians-projected-to-become-the-largest-immigrant-group-surpassing-hispanics\" width=\"415\" height=\"434\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/26/2015/10/asians-projected-to-become-the-largest-immigrant-group-surpassing-hispanics-e1443765624828.png 415w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/26/2015/10/asians-projected-to-become-the-largest-immigrant-group-surpassing-hispanics-e1443765624828-400x418.png 400w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/26/2015/10/asians-projected-to-become-the-largest-immigrant-group-surpassing-hispanics-e1443765624828-32x32.png 32w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 415px) 100vw, 415px\">\u003c/a>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>This trajectory is rooted in the \u003ca href=\"http://library.uwb.edu/guides/usimmigration/1965_immigration_and_nationality_act.html\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Immigration and Nationality Act of 1965. \u003c/a>Signed by President Lyndon Johnson on October 3, it eliminated the race-based quota system that had dictated U.S. immigration policy since the 1920s. The new law prioritized immigrants' skills and family reunification and almost doubled the number of annual visas allotted, opening the doors to a new tide of immigrants from Latin America and Asia. Since then, nearly 59 million immigrants have come to live in the U.S. Along with their children, they make up more than half of America's population growth in the last 50 years, literally reshaping the face of the nation.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>Explore this interactive timeline of U.S. immigration laws and they're impact on the relative size of the foreign-born population.\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c!-- iframe plugin v.4.3 wordpress.org/plugins/iframe/ -->\u003cbr>\n\u003ciframe src=\"http://www.pewhispanic.org/interactives/immigration-law-timeline/iframe/\" width=\"650\" height=\"900\" scrolling=\"yes\" class=\"iframe-class\" frameborder=\"0\">\u003c/iframe>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>More than 40 million current U.S. residents — legal and undocumented — were born elsewhere. That makes America the top destination in the world for immigrants.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Not surprisingly, more U.S. immigrants come from Mexico than anywhere else: roughly 11.7 million people — or 29 percent of all U.S. immigrants. That’s about five times the number of immigrants from China, the second-largest group.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Mexicans now make up the largest foreign-born population in 33 states. But, as Jens Manuel Kroogstad at\u003ca href=\"http://www.pewresearch.org/fact-tank/2014/05/27/a-shift-from-germany-to-mexico-for-americas-immigrants/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"> Pew Research\u003c/a> notes, it wasn’t always this way. A century ago, another huge wave of immigrants flooded into the United States: between 1890 and 1919, more than 18 million newcomers, mostly from Europe, settled here.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In his analysis of U.S. Census data from 1910, Kroogstad found that 18 percent of all U.S. immigrants — about 2.5 million people — came from Germany, far more than any other country. Germans made up the largest immigrant group in 17 states and the the District of Columbia. Immigrants from Russia and other former Soviet countries were the second largest group (11 percent, or 1.6 million). Mexicans, by contrast, were the majority immigrant population in only three states: Arizona, New Mexico and Texas.\u003c/p>\n\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>",
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"info": "Possible is hosted by entrepreneur Reid Hoffman and writer Aria Finger. Together in Possible, Hoffman and Finger lead enlightening discussions about building a brighter collective future. The show features interviews with visionary guests like Trevor Noah, Sam Altman and Janette Sadik-Khan. Possible paints an optimistic portrait of the world we can create through science, policy, business, art and our shared humanity. It asks: What if everything goes right for once? How can we get there? Each episode also includes a short fiction story generated by advanced AI GPT-4, serving as a thought-provoking springboard to speculate how humanity could leverage technology for good.",
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"soldout": {
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